Thomas Henry Sargent (21 November 1894 – 7 May 1963), known professionally by his stage name Max Miller and billed as The Cheeky Chappie, was an English comedian often considered the greatest stand-up of his generation. He came from humble beginnings and left school at the age of twelve. At the outbreak of the First World War, he volunteered for the army. During his time in the forces, he started a troupe concert party. On leaving the army, he took up work as a light comedian, dancer, and singer. He toured extensively, appearing in variety, revues and by the early 1930s reached the top of the bill in the large music halls including the London Palladium.

He recorded many songs, some of which he wrote. He appeared frequently on radio and starred in fourteen feature films. He was known for his flamboyant suits, his wicked charm, and his risqué jokes often led to difficulties with the censors. He made his last recording in January 1963 and died four months later.

Early years
Miller was born as Thomas Henry Sargent on 21 November 1894 in Hereford Street, Kemptown, Brighton, Sussex.  He was the second child of James Sargent, a labourer, and Alice (née West), a flower seller; Miller had three brothers and two sisters. His parents were poor and often unable to pay rent, so were forced to move to other parts of the town. Owing to this, Miller frequently changed schools, until he reached 12 when he left altogether. He tried jobs such as labouring, delivering milk, selling fish and chips, caddying at the Brighton and Hove Golf Course, and finally trained to be a motor mechanic. As a youth, he was nicknamed "Swanky Sargent".

On the outbreak of the war in 1914, Miller volunteered for the army. He joined the Royal Sussex Regiment and, after serving in France, was posted to India and a year later to Mesopotamia, where he was temporarily blinded for three days. This experience stayed with him all his life, and in later years he did much work to help the blind including giving his home in Brighton over to St Dunstans during World War 2. During his time in the army, he started a troops' concert party.

Career

Early performing experiences

Demobilised from the army, Miller found work to be in short supply, and he had lost his mother to the 1918 flu pandemic. He had his sights on performing in London, and obtained a booking at the Shoreditch Hall in 1919. He was not experienced enough for the type of venue, however, and lasted only a week. Returning to Brighton, he saw an advertisement for artists to join Jack Sheppard's concert party in an alfresco theatre on Brighton beach. He applied and joined as a light comedian for the 1919 summer season. While with the concert party, he met his future wife, Frances Kathleen Marsh, who was a contralto in the group.

Kathleen Marsh came from a middle-class family whose parents came to Brighton from Dorset shortly before she was born in 1896. Her elder brother Ernest Marsh served as a Brighton alderman for 43 years and became mayor of the then town from 1949 to 1950.

In the summer of 1920, Harry toured nationwide in The Rogues, a concert party. The following year, Harry and Kathleen toured in a revue called The Girl. While in Plymouth, the couple married at the parish church in Tormoham, Devon on 17 February 1921. (Tormoham is better known today as Torre in the seaside resort of Torquay.) As well as being a performer, Kathleen was an astute businesswoman, and thereafter did much to develop her husband's career. She suggested that he should change his name to Max Miller. Later, a press notice described Max as the Cheeky Chappie, and the nickname stuck.

Max and Kathleen formed a double act for a while, but it became obvious to her that Max was the stronger performer and that he would be better as a solo act.

Apprenticeship

Through the 1920s, Miller was regularly touring in revues. In 1922 he was in a show presented by the Sydney Syndicate, There You Are Then. The following year, he toured with the Ernest Binn Arcadians. 1924 saw him joining a revue called Crisps. However, during that summer, he returned to Jack Sheppard's Concert Party on the Brighton seafront. In 1925, he continued in the revue Crisps, and in November that year joined the cast of Ten to One On, which starred Jimmy James. This show ran until February 1926, when Miller gained work in variety or cine-variety, the latter a show consisting half of film and half of live acts. In September, he was booked in the Holborn Empire, his first engagement there, where he was spotted by impresario Tom Arnold, who booked him to star in his next revue, Piccadilly. It opened in Birmingham and toured the country. His co-star was the 21-year-old Florence Desmond. After that, he was booked by Fred Karno to appear in The Show, and in May joined a touring cabaret revue called XYZ until the end of the year. After a few weeks in variety, he was back in revue, starring in Francis Laider's Tipperary Tim.

This kept him busy until February 1929, when he appointed a new agent, Julius Darewski. This was a turning point in his career. In May, Miller made his first appearance at the London Palladium in variety. He returned there in October and, in November, joined the cast of Fools in Paradise, which took him to March 1930. This would be his last revue for some time.

Miller much preferred to perform solo, and from 1930 onwards, he appeared in variety in large theatres, including the London Palladium and the Holborn Empire. In those days, instant success was unheard of, and Miller, like any other performer, had to earn his fame through a long apprenticeship. In May 1931, he appeared in his first Royal Variety Performance. Radio broadcasts followed.

In 1932, he made his first recording, Confessions of a Cheeky Chappie, on the Broadcast Twelve Records label. After this initial success, he was wooed by HMV and recorded for them. In 1953, he changed to Philips, and then to Pye.

Miller was given a cameo role in the film The Good Companions (1933) in the part of a music publisher selling a song to a pianist, played by John Gielgud. Although he was not credited for his role, his three-minute debut was impressive, got him noticed and led to his making a further 13 films working up from small parts to starring roles. Considered his best film, Educated Evans (1936), which was based on an Edgar Wallace story and filmed by Warner Bros., it has been lost. His last but one film was Hoots Mon! (1940). He played the part of a southern English comedian called Harry Hawkins. In the film there is a scene in which Harry Hawkins appears on the stage in a variety theatre. The act is Miller's, and the sequence is the only one in existence giving us an idea of his stage act. It is invariably included in any documentary made about him.

Stardom

Miller's act on a variety bill usually lasted between 20 and 30 minutes. It would begin with the orchestra playing his signature tune, Mary from the Dairy. A spotlight aimed on the curtain by the wings would anticipate his appearance. There would be excitement in the audience; he would sometimes wait for up to ten seconds until he appeared, leading to resounding applause. Miller would walk to the microphone and just stand there in his costume, a colourful suit with plus-fours, a kipper tie, trilby and co-respondent shoes, and wait for the laughter to begin.

Although Miller's material was risqué, he never swore on stage and disapproved of those who did. He used double entendre, and when telling a joke would often leave out the last word or words for the audience to complete.

His act would be punctuated by songs: sentimental material like "My Old Mum", or comic numbers such as "Twin Sisters". Sometimes he would accompany himself on guitar or entertain with a soft shoe shuffle. He wrote and co-wrote a number of songs.

Miller was very much a southern English comedian. He preferred being booked in theatres in London or the south, so he could return to his beloved Brighton after a show. However, in 1932 he embarked on his only overseas tour, when he sailed to Cape Town to appear in Johannesburg and Pretoria, South Africa.

After many years as a solo act in variety, he appeared in George Black's wartime revue Haw Haw! at the Holborn Empire from December 1939 to July 1940. George Black's next revue, Apple Sauce, opened in August 1940 at the Holborn Empire, co-starring Vera Lynn. After the theatre was bombed, the show transferred to the London Palladium, where it ran until November 1941. After that, Miller was back touring in variety, and broke all records as the highest paid variety artist, earning £1,025 in a single week at the Coventry Hippodrome in February, 1943.

In 1947, he topped the bill in Bernard Delfont presents International Variety at the London Casino. In his review of the show, Daily Mail theatre critic Lionel Hale described Miller as the "gold of the music hall".

The comeback

Miller appeared in three Royal Variety Performances (1931, 1937 and 1950). In the last of these, he was annoyed that he was only given six minutes, while the American comedian Jack Benny got twenty minutes, so he abandoned his script and went on for twelve minutes, ending with riotous applause. However, this had a devastating effect on the schedule. Val Parnell, the producer, who ran the Moss Empires circuit of theatres, was furious, and told Miller that he would never work for him again.

Despite this, after eighteen months of Miller's touring in secondary theatres, he was invited back to the "number ones" – the Moss Empires – and returned in triumph to the London Palladium. One of these "number two" theatres was Hulme Hippodrome, where Ken Dodd said he appeared as a younger performer on the same bill as Max Miller in "about 1951, 1952". This return to the Palladium revitalised his career, and with it came a new recording contract, this time with Philips. He was back on radio and appeared on television, but his television appearances were never a great success. The new medium did not suit his style; he needed the feedback only a live theatre audience could give him and the freedom to use his naughty material.

Miller appeared regularly in all the large variety halls in and around London: the Hackney Empire, Chelsea Palace, Chiswick Empire, Finsbury Park Empire, Wood Green Empire and Metropolitan Music Hall. It was in the latter that he recorded the LP Max at the Met in 1957.

The final years

In 1958, Miller suffered a heart attack. After recovery, he needed to take life easier. His last West End appearance took place at the Palace Theatre in April 1959, and his last ever appearance in variety was in Folkestone in December 1960. Miller continued to make records, his last being in January 1963 with Lonnie Donegan.

Death
Miller died at home on 7 May 1963, aged 68, and was cremated at the Downs Crematorium, Brighton. A memorial tablet is mounted on a wall in the Garden of Remembrance. His wife Kathleen outlived him by nine years, dying in a Hove nursing home in 1972.

With dwindling work in variety, brought about by the rise of television, he had commented, "When I'm dead and gone, the game's finished."

It has frequently been suggested that John Osborne modelled the character Archie Rice in his play The Entertainer on Miller. John Osborne denied it and in his autobiography he wrote, "This is not so. Archie was a man. Max was a god, a saloon-bar Priapus".

Censorship
The laws on censorship were strict during Miller's lifetime. Those responsible for censorship were the Lord Chamberlain in London and local watch committees in the regions. Miller's material needed approval by those bodies but by using innuendo, leaving out the last word or words of a joke, he could get away with much risqué and saucy material. However, he never swore or told a "dirty joke" on stage.

In one of his acts he would take from his pocket two books, one a white book and the other a blue book, explaining to the audience that these are joke books and asking them which the audience would like; the crowd almost always chose the blue book. The jokes in the blue book were the naughty ones. For example:
I went skating the other week with a young lady on ice and we'd been going around for quite a while and she kept on falling down.I said, "Have you hurt yourself?"She said, "No, I'm sorry to spoil your fun".I said, "You're not spoiling my fun. It'll keep on ice".

Or he would leave the last word out for the audience to finish and blamed them if they laughed.
When roses are red,They're ready for plucking.When a girl is sixteen,She's ready for ... 'Ere

He would then say, "I know exactly what you are saying to yourself, you're wrong, I know what you're saying. You wicked lot. You're the sort of people that get me a bad name!"

It was said that Miller was banned by the BBC twice, first in the 1930s, and then in the 1950s. However, these rumours only helped Miller's reputation as daring and naughty, and led to increased box office sales.

Legacy

Miller influenced many comedians during his lifetime and since. His jokes live on and are often told by other comedians. The comedian Walter William Bygraves became known as Max Bygraves after his impersonation of Miller. Miller was one of the many famous people on the cover of the Beatles' "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band".

The biography, Max Miller the Cheeky Chappie by John M. East was published in 1977. A paperback version was issued in 1993 with additional material. Two paperbacks containing Miller's jokes have been published: The Max Miller Blue Book compiled by Barry Took and illustrated by cartoonist Trog (1975) and The Max Miller Appreciation Society's Blue Book compiled by members with a foreword by Roy Hudd (2001).

Several radio and television documentaries have been produced including Gerald Scarfe's The Girls Who Do (40 Minutes, BBC, 1989) and Heroes of Comedy: Max Miller (1995). Here's a Funny Thing, a play featuring John Bardon by R.W. Shakespeare, was staged at the Edinburgh Fringe, and at the Fortune Theatre in London; it was broadcast on Channel Four in November 1982.

In 1999, the Max Miller Appreciation Society was formed in Brighton. Its main purpose is to keep his memory alive. It has erected a bronze statue sculptured by Peter Webster in the Royal Pavilion Gardens, New Road, Brighton (unveiled 1 May 2005; re-sited August 2007) and mounted two blue plaques on his former homes on Ashcroft in Kingston Lane, Shoreham-by-Sea (2000) and at 160 Marine Parade, Brighton (2006). In 2009, the Society curated an exhibition devoted to Miller's life and career in Bardsley's Fish Restaurant, Baker Street, Brighton.

In the British drama The Triple Echo from 1972, set during World War II, Glenda Jackson and Brian Deacon are listening to him (and laughing aloud) on the radio. He's telling a story about finding a man without any clothes on, standing in his house, and his wife said he's a nudist who came to use the phone.

Catchphrases

He was renowned for his use of catchphrases, in performance
"Now, there's a funny thing"
"Listen! Listen!"
"There'll never be another"
"They don't make 'em anymore, duck!"
"It's people like you who give me a bad name"
"It's all clever stuff, no rubbish!"
"How's your memory, gal?"
"Miller's the name, Lady"
"I don't care what I say, do I?"
"That's nice, Maxie"
"You can't help liking him"
" 'Ere!"

Filmography

Discography
 Oct 1932	Confessions of a Cheeky Chappie, pts 1 and 2: 78 rpm Broadcast Twelve 3266
 Oct 1935	Confessions of a Cheeky Chappie, pts 1 and 2: 	78 rpm	Rex 8604
 Mar 1935	Max the Auctioneer, pts 1 and 2:	78 rpm	Rex 8665
 Dec 1936	Mary from the Dairy/ The Woman Improver:	78 rpm	HMV BD385
 Jan 1937	Ophelia/Down in the Valley:	78 rpm	HMV BD396
 Jan 1937	Backscratcher/Impshe: 78 rpm	HMV BD408
 Feb 1937	Why Should the Dustman Get It All? /You Can't Blame Me for That:	78 rpm	HMV BD417
 May 1937	How the So and So Can I Be Happy? /The Girl Next Door:	78 rpm	HMV BD419
 Jun 1937	The Love Bug Will Bite You/Julietta:	78 rpm	HMV BD427
 Jul 1937	You Can't Go Away Like That/Weeping Willow:	78 rpm	HMV BD432
 Sep 1937	The Windmill/La De Da:	78 rpm	HMV BD439
 Oct 1937	Put It Down/The Old Oak Tree:	78 rpm	HMV BD450
 Nov 1937	I Never Thought That She'd Do That To Me/Let's All Have a Charabanc Ride:	78 rpm	HMV BD458
 Mar 1937	Voice of the Stars extracts from the film Don't Get Me Wrong:	78 rpm	VS4
 Dec 1937	Just Another Sally/The Christmas Dinner:	78 rpm	HMV BD475
 Jan 1938	Annie the Farmer's Daughter/Ain't Love Grand?:	78 rpm	HMV BD482
 Mar 1938	She Said She Wouldn't/I'm the Only Bit of Comfort She's Got:	78 rpm	HMV BD505
 Apr 1938	Winnie the Whistler/Doh Rae Me:	78 rpm	HMV BD533
 May 1938	Every Sunday Afternoon/Um Ta Ra Rae:	78 rpm	HMV BD541
 Jul 1938	Does She Still Remember? /I Bought a Horse:	78 rpm	HMV BD563
 Sep 1938	The Girls Who Work Where I Work/Happy School Days:	78 rpm	HMV BD583
 Nov 1938	She Was She Was She Was/Just in Fun:	78 rpm	HMV BD597
 Dec 1938	Max Miller in the Theatre: At the Holborn Empire:	78 rpm	HMV BD615
 Dec 1938	Max Miller in the Theatre: At the Holborn Empire:	78 rpm	HMV BD616
 Dec 1938	Max Miller in the Theatre: At the Holborn Empire:	78 rpm	HMV BD617
 Mar 1939	Max Miller in the Theatre Again: Holborn Empire: Second House:	78 rpm	HMV BD646
 Mar 1939	Max Miller in the Theatre Again: Holborn Empire: Second House:	78 rpm	HMV BD647
 Mar 1939	Max Miller in the Theatre Again: Holborn Empire: Second House:	78 rpm	HMV BD648
 Jun 1939	At the Bathing Parade/Everything Happens to Me	78 rpm	HMV BD697
 Jul 1939	No, No, No/Maria Fell for Me:	78 rpm	HMV BD710
 Dec 1939	Max Miller in the Theatre: At the Finsbury Park Empire:	78 rpm	HMV BD770
 Dec 1939	Max Miller in the Theatre: At the Finsbury Park Empire:	78 rpm	HMV BD771
 Dec 1939	Max Miller in the Theatre: At the Finsbury Park Empire:	78 rpm	HMV BD772
 Dec 1940	Max Miller with the Forces (Somewhere in England):	78 rpm	HMV BD883
 Dec 1940	Max Miller with the Forces (Somewhere in England):	78 rpm	HMV BD884
 Dec 1940	Max Miller with the Forces (Somewhere in England):	78 rpm	HMV BD885
 Dec 1941	Max Miller Entertains the War Workers:	78 rpm	HMV BD980
 Dec 1941	Max Miller Entertains the War Workers:	78 rpm	HMV BD981
 Dec 1941	Max Miller Entertains the War Workers:	78 rpm	HMV BD982
 Jan 1942	That's the Way to Fall in Love/When You're Feeling Lonely/She'll Never Be the Same Again:	78 rpm	HMV BD987
 Nov 1942	Max Miller in the Theatre: At the Finsbury Park Empire:	78 rpm	HMV BD1022
 Nov 1942	Max Miller in the Theatre: At the Finsbury Park Empire:	78 rpm	HMV BD1023
 Mar 1950	Come Hither with Your Zither/ I Never See Maggie Alone:	78 rpm	HMV BD9878
 Dec 1953	Let's Have a Ride on Your Bicycle/My Old Mum:	78 rpm	Philips PB199
 Mar 1954	Mary from the Dairy/ Voulez Vous Promenade?:	78 rpm	Philips PB236
 Apr 1954	Pleasant Dreams/Oh Yes! She Knows Her Onions: (with the Beverley Sisters)	78 rpm	Philips PB274
 Jun 1954	Friends and Neighbours/Two Little People:	78 rpm	Philips PB296
 Nov 1954	Someone Else I'd Like to Be/Don't Forget Your First Sweetheart:	78 rpm	Philips PB362
 Apr 1955	Something Money Can't Buy/London Belongs to Me:	78 rpm	Philips PB427
 Oct 1955	The Budgie Song/Ain't It Ni-ice!:	78 rpm	Philips PB518
 May 1956	The Girls I Like/The Mother Brown Story:	78 rpm	Nixa N15050
 Nov 1957	Max at the Met (recorded at The Metropolitan Music Hall, London):	LP	Nixa NPT19026
 Jun 1958	Be Sincere/With a Little Bit of Luck:	78 rpm	Nixa N15141
 Jun 1961	Influence/There's Always Someone Worse Off Than You:	45 rpm	Pye 7N15349
 Jun 1961	That's Nice Maxie (recorded at the Black Lion, Patcham, Brighton):	LP	Pye NPL18064
 Sep 1962	The Cheeky Chappie (recorded at the Star Sound Studios, London):	LP	Pye NPL18079
 Jan 1963	The Market Song/Tit Bits: with Lonnie Donegan	45 rpm	Pye 7N 15493

	Since these recordings were released, most have been re-issues as compilations on LPs, cassettes and CDs)

Notes

References
Fisher, John (1973), Funny Way to be a Hero, London, Muller, pp. 86–96,
East, John M. (1977), Max Miller the Cheeky Chappie, London, W H Allen,
Osborne, John (1981), A Better Class of Person: An Autobiography: 1929-1956, London, Dutton, pp. 203–205,
Wilmot, Roger (1986), Kindly Leave the Stage: The Story of Variety 1919-1960 Methuen, pp. 122–125,
Baker, Richard Anthony (2011), Old Time Variety: An Illustrated History Barnsley, Remember When, pp. 52–59,

External links

Max Miller, Great Lives, BBC Radio 4, first broadcast 15 August 2006.

1894 births
1963 deaths
20th-century English comedians
20th-century English male actors
Comedians from Sussex
British male comedy actors
English comedy musicians
English male comedians
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English radio personalities
Male actors from Brighton
Music hall performers
British novelty song performers

Max Miller (comedian)


Kitsiputous es una cascada ubicada en Enontekiö, constituye una de las cascadas más altas en el país europeo de Finlandia. Es parte de la Reserva natural de Malla.

Las cataratas se encuentran a lo largo del sendero que conduce a punto de fronterizo de las tres naciones (límites entre Finlandia, Suecia y Noruega, llamado Treriksröset). Las cataratas se convierten en cascadas de hielo durante el período de invierno.

Véase también
Geografía de Finlandia
Geografía de Europa

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Foto de la cascada en Flickr

Cascadas de Finlandia

Kitsiputous


Tisuljevke (lat. Podocarpaceae), biljna porodica iz reda borolike, ili čini vlastiti red Podocarpales s preko 170 vrsta vazdazelenog crnogoričnog drveća koja je ime dobila po rodu tisulja ili podokarpus (Podocarpus). Osamnaest rodova koji pripadaju porodici rasprostranjeno je po južnoj polutki (Australazija), poimence Nova Kaledonija, Tasmanija, i Novi Zeland, te u Maleziji i Južnoj Americi (Ande), Indokina, Kina, Indija, Meksiko, subsaharska Afrika.

Trgovački naziv podo (žuto drvo, musengere, musangira) odnosi se na neke vrste iz roda Podocarpus (P. milanjiznus, P.odocarpus gracilis, P. usamberensis), lako se obrađuje, lagano je i tvrdo, i koristi se u proizvodnji namještaja i za unutrašnje uređenje.

Rodovi
 Acmopyle Pilg.
 Afrocarpus (Buchholz & N.E.Gray) C.N.Page
 Dacrycarpus (Endl.) de Laub.
 Dacrydium Sol. ex G.Forst.
 Falcatifolium de Laub.
 Halocarpus C.J.Quinn
 Lagarostrobos Quinn
 Lepidothamnus Phil.
 Manoao Molloy
 Microcachrys Hook.f.
 Nageia Gaertn.
 Parasitaxus de Laub.
 Pectinopitys C.N.Page
 Pherosphaera W.Archer bis
 Phyllocladus Rich. ex Mirb.
 Podocarpus L'Hér. ex Pers.
 Prumnopitys Phil.
 Retrophyllum C.N.Page
 Saxegothaea Lindl.
 Sundacarpus (J.Buchholz & N.E.Gray) C.N.Page

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Borolike

Tisuljevke


The Informedia Digital Library is an ongoing research program at Carnegie Mellon University to build search engines and information visualization technology for  many types of media.

The program has carried out research on spoken document retrieval, video information retrieval, video segmentation, face recognition, and cross-language information retrieval.

The Lycos search engine was an early product of the Informedia Digital Library Project.

The project is led by Howard Wactlar. Researchers on the project have included: Michael Mauldin, Alex Hauptmann, Michael Christel, Michael Witbrock, Raj Reddy, Takeo Kanade and Scott Stevens.

References

Further reading
 Xiuqi Li and Borko Furht. "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES".
 Howard D. Wactlar (1996). "Intelligent Access to Digital Video: Informedmia Project".

Information science
Internet search engines
Carnegie Mellon University

Informedia Digital Library


Gerald Eugene Sloan (March 28, 1942 – May 22, 2020) was an American professional basketball player and coach. He played 11 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) before beginning a 30-year coaching career, 23 of which were spent as head coach of the Utah Jazz (1988–2011). NBA commissioner David Stern referred to Sloan as "one of the greatest and most respected coaches in NBA history". Sloan was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2009.

After playing college basketball with the Evansville Purple Aces, Sloan was selected by the Baltimore Bullets with the fourth overall pick of the 1965 NBA draft. He spent his rookie season with the Bullets before playing the remainder of his career with the Chicago Bulls, retiring due to injuries in 1976. Nicknamed "the Original Bull", he was a two-time NBA All-Star, a six-time member of the All-Defensive Team and the first player to have his number retired by the Bulls. Sloan then became a coach, and had a career regular-season win–loss record of 1,221–803, placing him third all-time in NBA wins at the time he retired. He was the fifth coach to reach 1,000 NBA victories and is one of two coaches in NBA history to record 1,000 wins with one club (the Utah Jazz). Sloan coached the Jazz to 15 consecutive playoff appearances from 1989 to 2003. He is one of only four coaches in NBA history with 15-plus consecutive seasons that have a winning record. He led Utah to the NBA Finals in 1997 and 1998, but lost to Chicago both times.

After Tom Kelly stepped down as manager of the Minnesota Twins in Major League Baseball in 2001, Sloan became the longest-tenured head coach in American major league sports with their current franchise. He resigned mid-season from the Jazz in 2011 before returning in 2013 as an adviser and scouting consultant.

Early life
Born and raised in Gobbler's Knob, Illinois,  south of McLeansboro, Sloan was the youngest of 10 children and was raised by a single mother after his father died when Jerry was 4 years old. He would wake up at 4:30 a.m. to do farm chores and then walk almost two miles to get to school in time for 7 a.m. basketball practice. After school, he would walk back home from practice. Sloan graduated an all-state player from McLeansboro High School in 1960.

College career

Sloan played college basketball for the Evansville Purple Aces from 1962 to 1965, where he was named the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) Player of the Year in 1963 and 1965 and a three-time first-team All-ICC selection. He was chosen as the 19th overall pick in the 1964 NBA draft by the Baltimore Bullets but he remained in college and led the Purple Aces to their second in two consecutive Division II national titles.

Professional career
Sloan was selected fourth in the 1965 NBA draft by the Baltimore Bullets. The Chicago Bulls, an expansion team, selected Sloan in the 1966 NBA expansion draft. He became known as "the Original Bull", known for his tenacious defense, leading them to the playoffs in their first season, and to their first and only division title before the Michael Jordan era; after a series of knee injuries, he retired in 1976. He averaged more than 18 points a game in 1970–71, and over 15 points per game three other seasons.
Despite his height of only , his career rebounding average was 7.4 rebounds per game, with one season having an average of 9.1 rebounds. He was a career 72 percent free throw shooter. His number 4 jersey was subsequently retired by the Chicago Bulls in 1978, becoming the first retired jersey in franchise history.

Coaching career
While at Evansville, coach Arad McCutchan suggested that Sloan coach at his alma mater. After retiring in 1976, Sloan took the Evansville job, but withdrew after five days. That same season, the Evansville basketball team and coaching staff were killed in a plane crash at Evansville Airport.

Two years later, Sloan was hired by the Bulls as a scout. After one season in this role, he became an assistant coach with the team. In 1979, Sloan was promoted to the position of head coach. He held the position for less than three seasons, winning 94 games and losing 121. He led the team to the playoffs in his second year, but was fired after a poor start during the following campaign.

Utah Jazz
After departing Chicago, Sloan became a scout for the Utah Jazz for one season. He then became coach of the Evansville Thunder of the Continental Basketball Association for the 1984 season but never coached a game instead accepting an assistant coach position with the Jazz. After Frank Layden became team president in December 1988, the Jazz chose Sloan as the new head coach. Sloan enjoyed a successful run of 16 consecutive seasons of taking his team to the playoffs, during which time he coached future Hall of Famers Karl Malone and John Stockton, along with other players including Jeff Hornacek, Antoine Carr, Tom Chambers, Mark Eaton, and Jeff Malone.
Sloan led the Jazz to six division championships and 10 seasons with greater than 50 wins. He also took the Jazz to the NBA Finals twice, losing in 1997 and 1998, both times to his old team, the Chicago Bulls, led at the time by Michael Jordan. By the end of this period, he had joined Pat Riley and Phil Jackson as the only coaches with 10 or more seasons winning 50 or more games. After the retirement of long-time Jazz players Malone and Stockton, Sloan coached a younger group of players, including Carlos Boozer, Andrei Kirilenko, Mehmet Okur, and later, Deron Williams.
After John Stockton retired and Karl Malone signed with the Lakers in the summer of 2003, the 2003-2004 Jazz were widely predicted to be the worst team in the NBA and some even predicted that Utah would set the all-time single season record for fewest wins in a season. Despite the very low expectations and despite second leading scorer Matt Harpring being sidelined for 51 games due to a knee injury, Sloan and his team were involved in a battle for the eighth spot in the Western Conference, which would have given Sloan his 17th straight trip to the playoffs. The Jazz were tied with the Denver Nuggets for the eighth and last spot of the playoffs with three games to go in the regular season. The Jazz lost the final two games, causing Sloan to miss the playoffs for the first time in 18 seasons as Jazz coach. After leading a young team in its first year without Stockton and Malone to an unexpected 42–40 record, he finished just behind Hubie Brown of the Memphis Grizzlies in voting for the 2004 NBA Coach of the Year Award.

Sloan collected his 1,000th career win against the Dallas Mavericks on December 11, 2006, in a 101–79 victory, which made him only the fifth coach in NBA history to reach the milestone. After disappointing seasons in 2004–05 and 2005–06, the Jazz in the 2006–07 returned to contention. For this, Sloan was again on many sportswriters' ballots for Coach of the Year, however, he lost the award to Toronto Raptors head coach Sam Mitchell, who led his team to a franchise record-tying 47 victories and their first Atlantic Division title. Sloan lost the vote 394–301.

The Jazz advanced to the Western Conference finals on May 15, 2007, with a 100–87 win over the Golden State Warriors. It was the sixth time in franchise history that Utah advanced to the conference finals, all coming under Sloan. However, they went on to lose 4–1 to the San Antonio Spurs.

During the 2008–09 season, Sloan reached 1,000 wins as coach of the Jazz on November 7 after beating the Oklahoma City Thunder 104–97 in a Friday night game. He became the first coach in NBA history with 1,000 wins for one team. Sloan returned as head coach of the Jazz for the 2009–10 season, leading the team to a 53–29 record and the playoffs.

Mirroring his tenacity as a player, Sloan was just as fiery as a coach. He was suspended one game for pushing referee Bob Delaney in April 1993. A decade later, Sloan was served a seven-game suspension in 2003 for pushing referee Courtney Kirkland in Sacramento.

In April 2009, Sloan was named to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, in the same class as his former longtime point guard John Stockton. Sloan chose the class of 2006 Hall of Famer Charles Barkley to introduce him during his induction ceremony.

Resignation as Jazz head coach
Sloan revealed on February 7, 2011, that he had earlier in the year signed a contract extension to coach the Jazz for the 2011–12 season, which would have been his 24th season as head coach with the Jazz. However, on February 10, 2011, Sloan and assistant Phil Johnson resigned their positions effective immediately. Sloan downplayed reports that conflicts with players prompted his departure. "I've had confrontations with players since I've been in the league", Sloan said. "There's only so much energy left and my energy has dropped." KSL-TV later asked Sloan whether reported conflicts with guard Deron Williams forced him to leave. "I forced myself out", Sloan responded. Williams acknowledged that he had a disagreement with Sloan during the previous night's game, but he added, "I would never force Coach Sloan out of Utah. He's meant more to this town, more to this organization than I have by far. I would have asked out of Utah first." Sloan's last game as head coach came in a 91–86 loss to the Bulls on February 9, and assistant coach Tyrone Corbin was then named as Sloan's replacement.

Nearly two weeks later, Williams was involved in a trade on February 23, 2011 that sent him to the New Jersey Nets. Ian Thomsen of Sports Illustrated wrote, "First Jerry Sloan leaves, now Williams is sent away. For two decades we knew who the Utah Jazz were and what they stood for as a franchise. Now we, and they, can have no idea."

A year later, Karl Malone, who played under Sloan for over 18 years, indicated that Sloan did not feel supported by Kevin O'Connor and Greg Miller. Longtime San Antonio Spurs head coach Gregg Popovich would later mention him as a mentor for his overall coaching success in the NBA.

Return to the Jazz
On June 19, 2013, the Utah Jazz announced that Sloan was returning as an adviser and scouting consultant.

On January 31, 2014, the Jazz honored Sloan by raising a banner featuring the number "1223", which represents Sloan's total number of combined regular season and playoff wins with the Jazz from 1988 to 2011.

Personal life and death
Sloan married his high-school sweetheart, Bobbye. After a much-publicized six-year battle against breast cancer, she died of pancreatic cancer in 2004. They had three children and were married 41 years.

In 2006, Sloan married Tammy Jessop, in Salt Lake City. Sloan had a stepson, Rhett, as a result of this marriage.

Sloan was known to wear John Deere hats, and collected antique furniture and dolls.
 He also collected and restored tractors as a hobby. After amassing a collection of tractors that numbered 70, Sloan decided to sell all but two of them after a 35-year-old Allis-Chalmers tractor was stolen.

In April 2016, Sloan was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. He died on May 22, 2020, at age 78, from complications of the diseases.

Career statistics

Playing
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
|+NBA regular season playing statistics
!scope="col"|Year
!scope="col"|Team
!scope="col"|GP
!scope="col"|GS
!scope="col"|MPG
!scope="col"|FG%
!scope="col"|FT%
!scope="col"|RPG
!scope="col"|APG
!scope="col"|SPG
!scope="col"|BPG
!scope="col"|PPG
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Baltimore
| 59 || – || 16.1 || .415 || .705 || 3.9 || 1.9 || – || – || 5.7
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 80 || – || 36.8 || .432 || .796 || 9.1 || 2.1 || – || – || 17.4
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 77 || – || 31.9 || .385 ||.749 || 7.7 || 3.0 || – || – || 13.3
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 78 || – || 37.7 || .417 ||  .745 || 7.9 || 3.5 || – || – || 16.8
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 53 || – || 34.4 || .421 || .651 || 7.0 || 3.1 || – || – || 15.6
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 80 || – || 39.3 || .441 || .715 || 8.8 || 3.5 || – || – || 18.3
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 82 || – || 37.0 || .444 || .660 || 8.4 || 2.6 || – || – || 16.2
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 69 || – || 35.0 || .411 || .707 || 6.9 || 2.2 || – || – || 10.1
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 77 || – || 37.1 || .447 || .711 || 7.2 || 1.9 || 2.4 || .1 || 13.2
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 78 || – || 33.0 || .439 || .748 || 6.9 || 2.1 || 2.2 || .2 || 12.2
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 22 || – || 28.0 || .400 || .705 || 5.3 || 1.0 || 1.2 || .2 || 10.1
|- class="sortbottom"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center;" colspan=2| Career
| 755 || – || 34.1 || .427 || .722 || 7.4 || 2.5 || 2.2 || .2 || 14.0
|- class="sortbottom"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center;" colspan=2| All-Star
| 2 || 1 || 20.0 || .353 || .000 || 3.5 || 2.0 || – || – || 6.0

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
|+NBA playoff playing statistics
!scope="col"|Year
!scope="col"|Team
!scope="col"|GP
!scope="col"|MPG
!scope="col"|FG%
!scope="col"|FT%
!scope="col"|RPG
!scope="col"|APG
!scope="col"|SPG
!scope="col"|BPG
!scope="col"|PPG
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| 1966
| style="text-align:left;"| Baltimore
| 2 || 17.0 || .417 || .750 || 8.0 || 3.0 || – || – || 6.5
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| 1967
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 3 || 23.7 || .387 || .667 || 3.3 || .3 || – || – || 10.0
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|1968
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 5 || 27.4 || .324 || .760 || 6.4 || 2.4 || – || – || 8.6
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| 1970
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 5 || 38.0 || .392 || .640 || 7.8 || 2.2 || – || – || 14.8
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| 1971
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 7 || 40.6 || .436 || .739 || 9.0 || 2.4 || – || – || 17.0
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| 1972
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 4 || 42.5 || .406 || .579 || 8.8 || 2.5 || – || – || 15.8
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| 1973
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 7 || 41.7 || .437 || .737 || 8.4 || 2.0 || – || – || 14.9
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| 1974
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 6 || 40.0 || .443 || .759 || 10.3 || 2.0 || 1.2 || .2 || 16.7
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|1975
| style="text-align:left;"| Chicago
| 13 || 36.2 || .460 || .556 || 7.4 || 2.0 || 1.5 || .0 || 13.1
|- class="sortbottom"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center;" colspan=2| Career
| 52 || 36.3 || .427 || .677 || 7.9 || 2.1 || 1.4 || .1 || 13.8

Coaching

|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 30 || 52 || .366 || style="text-align:center;"|4th in Midwest || — || — || — || —
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed Playoffs
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 45 || 37 || .549 || style="text-align:center;"|2nd in Central || 6 || 2 || 4 || .333
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in Conf. Semi-finals
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 51 || 19 || 32 || .373 || style="text-align:center;"|(fired) || — || — || — || —
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 65 || 40 || 25 || .615 || style="text-align:center;"|1st in Midwest || 3 || 0 || 3 || .000
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First round
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 55 || 27 || .671 || style="text-align:center;"|2nd in Midwest || 5 || 2 || 3 || .400
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First round
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 54 || 28 || .659 || style="text-align:center;"|2nd in Midwest || 9 || 4 || 5 || .444
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in Conf. Semi-finals
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 55 || 27 || .671 || style="text-align:center;"|1st in Midwest || 16 || 9 || 7 || .563
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in Conf. Finals
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 47 || 35 || .573 || style="text-align:center;"|3rd in Midwest || 5 || 2 || 3 || .400
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First round
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 53 || 29 || .646 || style="text-align:center;"|3rd in Midwest || 16 || 8 || 8 || .500
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in Conf. Finals
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
|| 82 || 60 || 22 || .732 || style="text-align:center;"|2nd in Midwest || 5 || 2 || 3 || .400
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First round
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 55 || 27 || .671 || style="text-align:center;"|2nd in Midwest || 18 || 10 || 8 || .556
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in Conf. Finals
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 64 || 18 || .780 || style="text-align:center;"|1st in Midwest || 20 || 13 || 7 || .650
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in NBA Finals
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 62 || 20 || .756 || style="text-align:center;"|1st in Midwest || 20 || 13 || 7 || .650
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in NBA Finals
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 50 || 37 || 13 || .740 || style="text-align:center;"|2nd in Midwest || 11 || 5 || 6 || .455
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in Conf. Semi-finals
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 55 || 27 || .671 || style="text-align:center;"|1st in Midwest || 10 || 4 || 6 || .400
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in Conf. Semi-finals
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 53 || 29 || .646 || style="text-align:center;"|2nd in Midwest || 5 || 2 || 3 || .400
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First round
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 44 || 38 || .537 || style="text-align:center;"|4th in Midwest || 4 || 1 || 3 || .250
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First round
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 47 || 35 || .573 || style="text-align:center;"|4th in Midwest || 5 || 1 || 4 || .200
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First round
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 42 || 40 || .512 || style="text-align:center;"|7th in Midwest || — || — || — || —
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed Playoffs
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 26 || 56 || .317 || style="text-align:center;"|5th in Northwest || — || — || — || —
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed Playoffs
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 41 || 41 || .500 || style="text-align:center;"|2nd in Northwest || — || — || — || —
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed Playoffs
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 51 || 31 || .622 || style="text-align:center;"|1st in Northwest || 17 || 9 || 8 || .529
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in Conf. Finals
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 54 || 28 || .659 || style="text-align:center;"|1st in Northwest || 12 || 6 || 6 || .500
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in Conf. Semi-finals
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 48 || 34 || .585 || style="text-align:center;"|3rd in Northwest || 5 || 1 || 4 || .200
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First round
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82 || 53 || 29 || .646 || style="text-align:center;"|2nd in Northwest || 10 || 4 || 6 || .400
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in Conf. Semi-finals
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 54 || 31 || 23 || .574 || style="text-align:center;"|(resigned) || — || — || — || —
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|- class="sortbottom"
!scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|Career
| || 2,024 || 1,221 || 803 || .603 || || 202 || 98 || 104 || .485

Quotes

"These guys have been criticized the last few years for not getting to where we're going, but I've always said that the most important thing in sports is to keep trying. Let this be an example of what it means to say it's never over."—after the Utah Jazz defeated the Houston Rockets in game 6 of the 1997 Western Conference finals.

"I don't care if he's 19 or 30. If he's going to be on the floor in the NBA, he's got to be able to step up and get after it. We can't put diapers on him one night, and a jockstrap the next night. It's just the way it is."—on second year guard C. J. Miles, the youngest player on the 2006–07 Utah Jazz.

"Size doesn't make any difference; heart is what makes a difference."

Notes

References

External links
 Official NBA.com bio

 BasketballReference.com: Jerry Sloan (as coach)
 BasketballReference.com: Jerry Sloan (as player)

1942 births
2020 deaths
American collectors
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Baltimore Bullets (1963–1973) draft picks
Baltimore Bullets (1963–1973) players
Basketball coaches from Illinois
Basketball players from Chicago
Chicago Bulls assistant coaches
Chicago Bulls expansion draft picks
Chicago Bulls head coaches
Chicago Bulls players
Deaths from Lewy body dementia
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Deaths from dementia in Utah
Evansville Purple Aces men's basketball players
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
National Basketball Association All-Stars
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
People from McLeansboro, Illinois
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Utah Jazz assistant coaches
Utah Jazz head coaches

Jerry Sloan


Tvrđava Udbina je bila srednjovjekovna tvrđava u Hrvatskoj. Danas je ruševina na arheološkom lokalitetu Gradini.

Sagrađena je na nedaleko od stare župne utvrde kaštela Krbave. Stari kaštel se nalazio na nepovoljnom obrambenom položaju, a sve češći upadi osmanske vojske i vlaških martoloza na ovaj prostor, prisililo je zapovjednike na odluku o napuštanju. Kad je Krbavska biskupija preseljena odavde u sigurniji Modruš, stari je kaštel je napušten i dva kilometra sjevernije od starog kaštela sagrađena je ova utvrda i naselje, današnja Udbina.

Nova utvrda napravljena je na povišenom, stjenovitom i lako branjivom položaju s kojeg se mogao kontrolirati prolaz Krbavskim poljem kojim su početkom 15. st. Turci znali prolaziti i ići u pljačku, te se istim putem vračali natrag u Bosnu. a dosadašnji nalaze svjedoče o životu ovog hrvatskog naselja u doba koje je prethodilo turskoj dominaciji. Od 1791. godine zapuštena se utvrda polako pretvara u ruševinu.

Od crkve je danas ostao sjeverni zid, donji dio kružne kule, ulazna vrata i dr. Arheološki i restauratorski radovi su u tijeku.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Hrvatski martirologij Mjesta značajna za projekt izgradnje Crkve hrvatskih mučenika na Udbini

Utvrde u Hrvatskoj
Udbina

Tvrđava Udbina


Alton es una parroquia civil y un pueblo del distrito de Staffordshire Moorlands, en el condado de Staffordshire (Inglaterra).

Es conocido por albergar el parque temático Alton Towers.

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Alton tiene una superficie de 9,24 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2011, Alton tenía 1.226 habitantes y una densidad de población de 132,68 hab/km².

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Staffordshire
Parroquias civiles de Staffordshire

Alton (Staffordshire)


An Carex elatior in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Johann Otto Boeckeler. An Carex elatior in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex elatior


{{ficha de entidad subnacional
| nombre = Pribrezhni
| nombre_oficial = Прибре́жный
| imagen_bandera =no
| imagen_escudo =no
| imagen =
{{Mapa de localización|Rusia
|float=right
|width=270
|label=Pribrezhni
|lat_deg=45|lat_min=18|lat_sec=26|lon_deg=38|lon_min=05|lon_sec=46
|marksize=5
|border=none
|caption=Localización en el mapa de Rusia
}}
| apodo =
| lema =
| país =    Rusia
| tipo_adm_1 =Región económica
| adm_1 =Cáucaso Norte
| tipo_adm_2 =Distrito federal
| adm_2 =Sur
| tipo_adm_3 =Sujeto federal
| adm_3 =   Krai de Krasnodar
| tipo_adm_4 = Raión
| adm_4 =  Slaviansk
| tipo_código =
| código =
| altitud = 6
| distancia = 78
| referencia = Krasnodar
| superficie =
| superficie_tierra =
| superficie_agua =
| tipo_div_1 =
| div_1 =
| población = 1 265
| censo = 2010
| densidad =
| crecimiento intercensal =
| población_met =
| fundación = 1958
| erección =
| fecha_de_creación =
| gentilicio =
| lengua =
| concepto_lenguas =
| huso_horario = UTC+4
| cp = 353565
| prefijo = +7 86146
| dirigente1 =
| dirigente1_cargo =
| dirigente1_año =
| presupuesto =
| presupuesto_año =
| fiestas_mayores =
| hermandad =
| patrón =
| patrona =
| web =
}}Pribrezhni'  es un posiólok del raión de Slaviansk del krai de Krasnodar, en el sur de Rusia. Está situado en los arrozales situados entre los distributarios del delta del Kubán, en la orilla izquierda del río Protoka, 7 km al noroeste de Slaviansk-na-Kubani y 78 al oeste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 1 265 habitantes en 2010.

Pertenece al municipio Pribrezhnoye.

 Historia

Fue registrado como unidad administrativa el 24 de septiembre de 1958.

 Lugares de interés

Cabe destacar el monumento-tumba del piloto desconocido soviético, muerto en combate contra las fuerzas invasoras alemanas.

 Economía

Las principales compañías de la localidad, agrícolas, son: una filial de la empresa Sad-Gigant y Pribrezhnoye SelPO.

 Servicios sociales

La población cuenta con un punto de enfermería y un Club de Cultura rural, entre otros establecimientos.

 Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde  este enlace. Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición rusa de Wikipedia, Прибрежный (Слявянский район Краснодарского края).''
 Artículo sobre la localidad
 Mapa en vlasenko.net .
 El Protoka en Pribrezhni en Panoramio

Localidades del raión de Slaviansk del krai de Krasnodar
Localidades establecidas en 1958

Pribrezhni (Slaviansk, Krasnodar)


Victoria Land is a region in eastern Antarctica which fronts the western side of the Ross Sea and the Ross Ice Shelf, extending southward from about 70°30'S to 78°00'S, and westward from the Ross Sea to the edge of the Antarctic Plateau. It was discovered by Captain James Clark Ross in January 1841 and named after Queen Victoria. The rocky promontory of Minna Bluff is often regarded as the southernmost point of Victoria Land, and separates the Scott Coast to the north from the Hillary Coast of the Ross Dependency to the south.

The region includes ranges of the Transantarctic Mountains and the McMurdo Dry Valleys (the highest point being Mount Abbott in the Northern Foothills), and the flatlands known as the Labyrinth. The  Mount Melbourne is an active volcano in Victoria Land.

Early explorers of Victoria Land include James Clark Ross and Douglas Mawson.

In 1979, scientists discovered a group of 309 meteorites in Antarctica, some of which were found near the Allan Hills in Victoria Land. The meteorites appeared to have undergone little change since they were formed at what scientists believe was the birth of the Solar System.

In 1981, lichens found at Victoria Land attracted the attention of NASA because lichens may give clues about where to look for the existence of extraterrestrial life on Mars or elsewhere. Dr. George Denton, a glaciologist at the University of New Hampshire, looked for microorganisms on Mount Lister, one of the highest in Antarctica; it has the same kind of sandstone in which lichens grow.

In 2017, conservationists at Cape Adare, Victoria Land, unearthed an ice-covered fruitcake that they believe once belonged to the British explorer Robert Falcon Scott. Scott's Northern Party expedition was in 1911, making the age of the fruitcake 106 years old. A program manager said it was in "excellent condition."

References

East Antarctica
Lands of Antarctica

Victoria Land


Rudy Molard (* 17. September 1989 in Gleizé) ist ein französischer Radrennfahrer.

Karriere
Rudy Molard fuhr 2010 für die Vereinsmannschaft CR4C Roanne und 2011 für CC Étupes. In der Saison 2011 gewann er als Mitglied der französischen U23-Nationalmannschaft eine Etappe bei Toscana-Terra di Ciclismo-Coppa delle Nazioni. Ende des Jahres startete er bei der Weltmeisterschaft im Einzelzeitfahren der U23-Klasse, bei der er den 10. Platz belegte. Außerdem fuhr er Ende des Jahres für das Professional Continental Team Cofidis, le Crédit en Ligne als Stagiaire, bei dem er 2012 Profi wurde. In den Jahren 2013 und 2014 bestritt er jeweils die Tour de France.

Nach sechs Jahren bei Cofidis wechselte der Franzose zur Saison 2017 zum UCI WorldTeam FDJ. 2018 gewann Molard die 6. Etappe von Paris–Nizza, bei der Vuelta a España übernahm er, nachdem er auf der 5. Etappe den bislang Führenden Michał Kwiatkowski aus einer Fluchtgruppe heraus distanzieren konnte, für vier Etappen das Rote Trikot des Gesamtführenden. Auch bei der Vuelta a España 2022 übernahm er nach der 5. Etappe das rote Trikot des Führenden in der Gesamtwertung.

Erfolge
2011
 eine Etappe Toscana-Terra di Ciclismo-Coppa delle Nazioni

2015
 eine Etappe Tour du Limousin

2018
 eine Etappe Paris-Nizza

Grand-Tour-Platzierungen

Weblinks

Radsportler (Frankreich)
Franzose
Geboren 1989
Mann

Rudy Molard


În biologie, un spor este o celulă a reproducerii asexuate, iar în unele circumstanțe poate face referire și la forma de rezistență a unui organism (de exemplu, la zicomicote). în reproducerea sexuată, celula se numește gamet. Sporii fac parte din ciclul de viață la diverse specii de plante, alge, fungi și protozoare. Sporii bacteriilor nu au rol de reproducere, ci sunt "spori de rezistență", folosiți de organism pentru protecție în cazul condițiilor nefavorabile de viață.

Referințe

Legături externe

Vezi și
Reproducere asexuată
Reproducere sexuată
Sporozoare

Aparatul reproducător

Spor


Levizija (lat. Lewisia), rod listopadnih i vazdazelenih trajnica iz porodice Montiaceae. Postoji 18 priznatih vrsta sa zapada Sjeverne Amerike i jedan hibrid.

Vrste

 Lewisia brachycalyx Engelm. ex A. Gray
 Lewisia cantelovii Howell
 Lewisia columbiana (Howell ex A. Gray) B. L. Rob.
 Lewisia congdonii (Rydb.) S. Clay
 Lewisia cotyledon (S. Watson) B. L. Rob.
 Lewisia disepala Rydb.
 Lewisia glandulosa (Rydb.) Clay
 Lewisia kelloggii K. Brandegee
 Lewisia leeana (Porter) B. L. Rob.
 Lewisia longipetala (Piper) Clay
 Lewisia maguirei A. H. Holmgren
 Lewisia nevadensis (A. Gray) B. L. Rob.
 Lewisia oppositifolia (S. Watson) B. L. Rob.
 Lewisia pygmaea (A. Gray) B. L. Rob.
 Lewisia rediviva Pursh
 Lewisia sacajaweana B. L. Wilson
 Lewisia stebbinsii Gankin & W. R. Hildreth
 Lewisia triphylla (S. Watson) B. L. Rob.

Sinonimi
 Oreobroma Howell; Erythea 1: 31 (1893)
 Erocallis Rydb.; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 33: 139 (1906)

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Bunarkovke

Levizija


معجزات الرسول محمد هي المعجزات التي جاء بها الرسول محمد بن عبد الله، وفقا للمعتقد الإسلامي.

القرآن

يعتبر المسلمون أن القرآن هو كتاب الله وأنه أعجوبة بإعجازه وبحد ذاته، وإن فيه إعجاز أو معجزات. الإعجاز مشتق من العجز، والعجز: الضعف أو عدم القدرة والإعجاز مصدره أعجز: وهو بمعنى الفوت والسبق والمعجزة في اصطلاح العلماء: أمر خارق للعادة، مقرون بالتحدي، سالم من المعارضة، وإعجاز القرآن: يقصد به: إعجاز القرآن الناس أن يأتوا بمثله. أي نسبة العجز إلى الناس بسبب عدم قدرتهم على الآتيان بمثله.

وقد تحدى الله المشركين أن يأتوا بمثل القرآن أو أن يأتوا بعشر سور من مثله، فعجز عن ذلك بلغاء العرب، وأذعنوا لبلاغته وبيانه وشهدوا له بالإعجاز، وما زال التحدي قائما لكل الإنس والجن۔ ،

ثم أرخى لهم حبل التحدي ووسع لهم فيه غلية التوسعة فتحداهم ان يأتوا ولو بسورة واحدة من مثلهِ، أي سورة ولو من قصار السور، فقال:  وبقي ذلك التحدي قائماً، منذ ذلك الوقت ليومنا الحاضر وقد أدرك أصحاب اللغة مقدار قوة الإسلوب القرآني وحلاوته، ولم يدركه إلا من كان مرهف الحس، وهذا الذي حدا بأحد المختصين أن يقول بأن الذي أحس به من ذلك الأسلوب معنى لا يمكن تفسيره، وقد قرر أبو سليمان الخطابي من قبلهِ عدم قدرة العلماء عن ابراز تفاصيل وجوه الاعجاز، فقال: ذهب الأكثرون من علماء النظر إلى وجوه الاعجاز من جهة البلاغة لكن صعب عليهم تفصيلها، وأصغوا فيه إلى حكم الذوق. وقال العلامة ابن خلدون: الاعجاز تقصر الإفهام عن ادراكه وإنما يدرك بعض الشيء منهُ من كان له ذوق بمخالطة اللسان العربي وحصول ملكته، فيدرك من إعجازه على قدر ذوقه.

وكما أن الله أيد أنبياءه ورسله بالآيات المعجزات، فقد أعطى الله رسوله محمد  بمعجزات كثيرة رآها الذين عاصروه، فآمن من آمن وكفر من كفر، وترك محمد  المعجزة الخالدة الباقية، كتاب لا يأتيه الباطل من بين يديه ولا من خلفه، القرآن. وظهرت آيات بينات في إعجاز القرآن من الناحية اللغوية والبلاغية بينها الكثير من علماء اللغة قديما وحديثا وكتبوا المتون وألفوا الأسفار، ولم تزل هذه المعجزة القرآنية باقية تتحدى كل البشر على أن يأتوا بمثله.

وظهرت مؤلفات إسلامية كثيرة في العصر الحالي بينت أوجه ألإعجاز من الناحية العلمية وسميت بالإعجاز العلمي للقرآن لكونها تفسر الآيات من الناحية العلمية الحديثة كما يفهمها الناس الآن لكون العلم هو لغة العصر الحالي.

تحقق البشارات ببعثته

البشارات ببعثة الرسول محمد هي مجموعة من البشارات التي جاء بها الأنبياء والرسل وفقا للإسلام عن بعثة الرسول محمد. وبحسب كتب التاريخ الإسلامي، فقد كان لهذه البشارات الدور الرئيس في اعتناق أهل المدينة المنورة للإسلام، كما أنها كانت السبب الرئيس في اعتناق عدد كبير من غير المسلمين للإسلام على مر التاريخ ابتداء من عصر النبوة وحتى العصر الحالي.

يعتبر القرآن تحقق هذه البشارات ببعثة الرسول محمد معجزة من معجزاته وآية تدل على صدق رسالته فقد ورد في سورة الشعراء ، ويؤكد القرآن كذلك على أن بعثة الرسول محمد صدقت بشارات من سبقه من المرسلين به فقد ورد في سورة الصافات ، كما يعد محمد في الإسلام خاتم النبيين والمرسلين ومرسلا للبشرية جمعاء.

الإسراء والمعراج

يعتبر الإسراء والمعراج، في العقيدة الإسلامية حدثاً ضخماً من احداث الدعوة الإسلامية، سبقته البعثة وجاءت بعد الهجرة. حادثة جرت في منتصف فترة الرسالة الإسلامية ما بين السنة الحادية عشر إلى السنة الثانية عشر، منذ أعلن النبي محمد  أن الله قد أرسل جبريل يكلفه برسالة دينية يبلغها إلى قبيلته قريش ومن ثم إلى البشرية، وأنها تتمة وخاتمة لرسالات السماء السابقة، وحسب التاريخ الإسلامي للفترة هذه والمصطلح على تسميته السيرة النبوية يعد الإسراء الرحلة التي ارسل الله بها نبيه محمد  على البراق مع جبريل ليلا من بلده مكة -المسجد الحرام- إلى بيت المقدس في فلسطين، وهي رحلة استهجنت قبيلة قريش حدوثها لدرجة أن بعضهم صار يصفق ويصفر مستهزئاً ولكن النبي محمد  أصر على تأكيدها وأنه انتقل بعد من القدس في رحلة سماوية بصحبة جبريل أوحسب التعبير الإسلامي عرج به إلى الملآ الآعلى عند سدرة المنتهى أي إلى أقصى مكان يمكن الوصول إليه في السماء وعاد بعد ذلك في نفس الليلة. قال الله تعالى في سورة الإسراء

انشقاق القمر

قال الله تعالى في القرآن:  سورة القمر الآية 1. وقد ورد في السنة الكثير من الأحاديث الصحيحة منها
 عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْه أَنَّ أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ سَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُرِيَهُمْ آيَةً فَأَرَاهُمْ الْقمر شِقَّتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَأَوْا حِرَاءً بَيْنَهُمَا
 عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أن القمر انْشَقَّ عَلَى زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ

لقد شاهد الناس هذه المعجزة في أنحاء الجزيرة العربية.فإن أهل مكة لم يصدقو وقالوا: سحرنا محمد  ؛ ثم استدركوا قائلين: انظروا ما يأتيكم به السفار فإن محمد  لا يستطيع أن يسحر الناس كلهم وفي اليوم التالى سألوا من وفد إليهم من خارج مكة فأخبرو أنهم قد رأوه.

وقد شاهد الناس انشقاقه خارج الجزيرة العربية.
قد يقال "إن انشقاق القمر ليس شيئا مستحيلا فالعالم قد شاهد انشقاق مذنب بروكس؛ شقين سنة 1889م. وكذلك انقسام مذنب (بيلا)إلى جزئين سنة 1846 م.كما ذكر الفلكى (سبنسر جونز) في فصل المذنبات والشهب من كتاب ((عوالم بلا نهاية))..
وفي الإجابة يقال ((الفرق بين انشقاق القمر وانشقاق هذين المذنبين أنهما لم يلتئما بعد الانشقاق؛ (والقمر التأم) وهو الفرق المنتظر بين الظاهرة الفلكية في الفطرة والمعجزة الفلكية على يد رسول الله صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
لأن المعجزة تزول بزوال وقتها وتحقق الغرض منها؛ ولو استمرت لكانت ظاهرة طبيعية صرفة ولخرجت من دائرة المعجزات.

حماية الملائكة له
عن أبي هريرة قال: قال أبو جهل: هل يعفر محمد  وجهه بين أظهركم؟ (أي هل يصلي جهارةً أمامكم)، فقيل:
نعم. فقال: واللات والعزى لئِن رأيته يفعل ذلك لأطَأنَّ على رقبته أو لأعَفِرَنَّ وجهه في التراب. فأتى الرسول محمد  وهو يصلي لِيَطأ على رقبته، فما فاجأهم منه إلا وهو ينكص على عقبيه، وأخذ يقي وجهه بيديه، فقيل له: ما لك؟ قال: إن بيني وبينهُ خندقاً من نار وهَولاً وأجنحة !!!. فقال الرسول : لو دنا مني لاختطفته الملائكة عضواً عضوا. (ومعنى عضوا عضوا أي الملائكة تأخذه عظمة عظمة) وأنزل الله في القرآن: .

سماعه لأهل القبور
عن أنس بن مالك قال:" بينما الرسول محمد  وبلال يمشيان بالبقيع فقال الرسول محمد : يا بلال تسمع ما أسمع؟ قال: لا والله ما أسمعه قال: ألا تسمع أهل القبور يعذبون "،

مخاطبته لقتلى بدر
عن أنس أن الرسول محمد  قال ليلة بدر: " هذا مصرع فلان إن شاء الله غداً ووضع يده على الأرض، هذا مصرع فلان إن شاء الله غداً ووضع يده على الأرض، فوالذي بعثه بالحق ما أخطأوا تلك الحدود، جعلوا يُصرعون عليها، ثم أُلقوا في القليب وجاء الرسول محمد () فقال: يا فلان بن فلان ويا فلان بن فلان، هل وجدتم ما وعد الله حقاً؟ قالوا: يا رسول الله تكلم أجساداً لا أرواح فيها؟! فقال: ما أنتم بأسمع منهم ولكنهم لا يستطيعون أن يردوا عليّ "

حنين جذع النخلة
كان النبي محمد  يخطب على جذع، فلمَّا صُنِع له منبراً ترك الجذع وصعد المنبر وراح يخطب، فإذا بالجذع يئن أنيناً يسمعه أهل المسجد جميعاً، فنزل من على خطبته وقطعها وضمّ الجذع إلى صدره وقال: هدأ جذع، هدأ جذع، إن أردتَ أن أغرسك فتعود أخضرَ يؤكل منك إلى يوم القيامة أو أدفنك فتكون رفيقي في الآخرة. فقال الجذع: بل ادفني وأكون معك في الآخرة ".

يقول أنس بن مالك: "حينما توفي النبي محمد  كنا نقول: يا رسول الله إنَّ جذعاً كنتً تخطب عليه فترَكتَه فَحَنَّ إليك، كيف حين تركتنا لا تحنّ القلوب إليك ؟.

اهتزاز جبل أحد
يقول علي بن أبي طالب: بعد غزوة أُحُد ابتعد كثير من المسلمين عن جبل أُحُد لأنه استشهد في سفحهِ وسهلهِ سبعون من خيار الصحابة، وذهب رسول الله فوقف يوماً على أُحُد وصلى على شهداء أُحُد ومعه أبو بكر وعمر وعثمان وفي رواية عمر وعلي. وبينما نحن على أُحُد إذ بأُحُد يهتز وإذا بالرسول يبتسم ويرفع قدمه الطاهرة ويضربها على الجبل ويقول: اثبت. لِما اهتز الجبل يا ترى ولِما ثبت بعد الضربة ؟. فالجبل حينما شعر أن قَدَم الحبيب محمد  مسَّته راح يرتجف من الطرب ولله درّ القائل.

نبوع الماء من بين أصابعه
معجزة نبوع الماء من بين أصابعه رواها البخاري عن أنس بن مالك قال: (رأيت رسول الله وحانت صلاة العصر، والتمس الناس الوضوء فلم يجدوه، فأتى رسول الله بوضوء فوضع رسول الله يده في ذلك الإناء فأمر الناس أن يتوضؤوا منه فرأيت الماء ينبع من تحت أصابعه، فتوضأ الناس حتى توضؤوا من عند آخرهم). وروى البخاري عن جابر بن عبد الله قال: عطش الناس يوم الحديبية والنبي بين يديه ركوة (أي إناء صغير من جلد) يتوضأ فجهش الناس نحوه (أي تجمعوا) قال: ما لكم؟ قالوا: ليس عندنا ماء نتوضأ ولا نشرب إلا ما بين يديك فوضع يده في الركوة فجعل الماء يفور من بين أصابعه كأمثال العيون، فشربنا وتوضأنا، قلت: كم كنتم؟ قال: لو كنا مائة ألف لكفانا، كنا خمس عشرة مائة. [  والروايات في هذه المعجزة مشهورة بين الصحابة وقد رواها جمع كثير منهم أنس بن مالك وجابر بن عبد الله وابن عباس، والبراء بن مالك وأبو قتادة، وغيرهم وخبرها متواتر مستفيض.

إضاءة المدينة المنورة لقدومه وظلامها لوفاته
عن أنس بن مالك قال: " لمَّا كانَ اليومُ الَّذي دخلَ فيهِ رسولُ  المدينةَ أضاءَ منْها كلُّ شيءٍ، فلمَّا كانَ اليومُ الَّذي ماتَ فيهِ أظلمَ منْها كلُّ شيءٍ، وما نفَضنا عنِ النَّبيِّ صلَّى اللَّهُ عليْهِ وسلَّمَ الأيديَ حتَّى أنْكَرنا قلوبَنا".

معجزة حادثة شق الصدر

جاء حديث شق الصدر على عدة روايات نقلها الرواة عن ثلاثة صحابة هم مالك بن صعصعة وأنس بن مالك وأبي ذر الغفاري، وهي:
 أورد البخاري الحديث في صحيحه على أربعة أوجه:
 في كتاب «مناقب الأنصار» جاءت رواية لحديث طويل عن أحداث الإسراء والمعراج رواه «هدبة بن خالد» عن «همام بن يحيى» عن «قتادة» عن «أنس بن مالك» عن مالك بن صعصعة جاء في مطلعه أن النبي محمد حدّث أصحابه عن ليلة أُسري به، فقال: . وكذلك ذكر أحمد بن حنبل تلك الرواية برواتها في مسنده في «مسند الشاميين».
 في كتاب «بدء الخلق» برواية «خليفة بن خياط» عن «يزيد بن زريع» عن «سعيد بن أبي عروبة» و«هشام الدستوائي» عن «قتادة بن دعامة» عن «أنس بن مالك» عن «مالك بن صعصعة» أنه قال: .
 في كتاب «التوحيد» عن «عبد العزيز بن عبد الله» عن «سليمان بن بلال» عن «شريك بن عبد الله» أنه قال: .
 في كتاب «الصلاة» عن «يحيى بن بكير» عن «الليث بن سعد» عن «يونس بن يزيد» عن «ابن شهاب الزهري» عن «أنس بن مالك» عن «أبي ذر الغفاري»: .

كما وردت الحادثة في صحيح مسلم وسنن النسائي إيضاً.

انظر أيضا
 محمد والكتاب المقدس
البشارات ببعثة الرسول محمد
معجزات القرآن
 الإعجاز العلمي في السنة النبوية

المصادر

إعجاز في السنة النبوية
معجزات محمد
مصطلحات إسلامية

معجزات الرسول محمد


Grubbia, manji biljni rod smješten u vlastitu porodicu Grubbiaceae, dio reda Cornales. Postoje tri priznate vrste koje rastu u Južnoafričkoj Republici.

Vrste
 Grubbia rosmarinifolia P.J.Bergius
 Grubbia rourkei Carlquist
 Grubbia tomentosa (Thunb.) Harms

Sinonimi
 Lithodia Blume, sinonim za Grubbia P.J. Bergius, 1767
 Ophira Burm. ex L., sinonim za Grubbia P.J. Bergius, 1767
 Strobilocarpus Klotzsch, 1839, sinonim za Grubbia P.J. Bergius, 1767

Izvori

Porodice drjenolikih
Biljne porodice

Grubbia


Traditional Inuit music (sometimes Eskimo music, Inuit-Yupik music, Yupik music or Iñupiat music), the music of the Inuit, Yupik, and  Iñupiat, has been based on drums used in dance music as far back as can be known, and a vocal style called katajjaq (Inuit throat singing) has become of interest in Canada and abroad.

Characteristics of Inuit music include: recitative-like singing, complex rhythmic organization, relatively small melodic range averaging about a sixth, prominence of major thirds and minor seconds melodically, with undulating melodic movement.

The Copper Inuit living around Coppermine River flowing north to Coronation Gulf have generally two categories of music. A song is called  (also known as pisiit or piheq) if the performer also plays drums and aton if he only dances. Each pisik functions as a personal song of a drummer and is accompanied by dancing and singing. Each drummer has his own style and performs during gatherings. One drum is used in the performance of a pisik and often begins in a slow tempo, gradually building in intensity. The wooden frame drum, called a qilaut is played on the edge with a wooden beater called a qatuk. The performer tilts the drum from one side to another and dances in rhythm of the beats.

Cultural role

Traditionally Inuit languages did not have a word for what a European-influenced listener or ethnomusicologist's understanding of music, "and ethnographic investigation seems to suggest that the concept of music as such is also absent from their culture." The closest word, nipi, includes music, the sound of speech, and noise. Traditionally, "Eskimo songs seem to have been intended to be heard as parts of a whole--a series of auditory experiences."

Until the advent of commercial recording technology, Inuit music was usually used in spiritual ceremonies to ask the spirits (see Inuit religion) for good luck in hunting or gambling, as well as simple lullabies. Inuit music has long been noted for a stoic lack of work or love songs. These musical beginnings were modified with the arrival of European whalers, especially from Scotland and Ireland. Instruments like the accordion were popularized, and dances like the jig or reel became common. Scots-Irish derived American country music has been especially popular among Inuit in the 20th century.

Katajjaq
Katajjaq (also pirkusirtuk and nipaquhiit) is a type of traditional competitive, but cooperative, song, considered a game, usually held between two women. It is one of the world's few examples of overtone singing, a unique method of producing sounds that is otherwise best known in Tuvan throat-singing. When competing, two women stand face-to-face and sing using a complex method of following each other, thus that one voice hits a strong accent while the other hits a weak, melding the two voices into a nearly indistinguishable single sound. They repeat brief motifs at staggered intervals, often imitating natural sounds, like those of geese, caribou or other wildlife, until one runs out of breath, trips over her own tongue, or begins laughing, and the contest is then over. "The old woman who teaches the children corrects sloppy intonation of contours, poorly meshed phrase displacements, and vague rhythms exactly like a Western vocal coach."

Influence from Western culture
Contact with European explorers in the 16th and 17th centuries brought Western influence to Inuit music. The microtonality and rhythmic complexity of the music was replaced with structures more resembling the structures of Western music.

Many contemporary Inuit musicians now blend aspects of traditional Inuit music with mainstream popular music genres such as rock, pop and country music.

Vocal games
Inuit vocal games are usually played by two women facing each other in close proximity. They use the other participant's oral cavity as resonators but may also play under a kitchen pot for the resonances to be more pronounced. The game consists of repeating meaningless words in tight rhythmic canon. The strong accent of one participant coincides with the weak of the other. The breathing of the players are thus also alternated. Vocal techniques include voiced and voiceless articulations and different articulations, and different placement of sound in the chest, throat and nose areas.

Vocal games are unique to the Inuit.

Musical instruments

Percussion

The main percussion instrument is the wooden frame drum called the qilaut. It is made from boiling and bending strips of wood about two to three inches wide into a circular frame with a handle protruding out. Detailed animal skin, usually caribou, is stretched across the frame and fastened down with a string. The drum can reach one meter in diameter but are usually smaller, around one yard in length. It is struck on the edge of the rim by a qatuk, or a wooden beater. The resulting sound is a combination of the percussive attack from striking the wood and the resulting vibrations from the stretched membrane. Some groups such as the Inuvialuit living around the Mackenzie Delta use wands to beat the drums instead of thick wooden beaters.
Other percussion instruments include smaller drums and rattles
The Jew's harp has also been introduced to the Inuit and is played by certain groups such as the Inuit in Eskimo Point (now Arviat) in Canada

String instruments
The tautirut is an Inuit bowed zither, similar to the fiðla or Icelandic fiddle. It is not clear as to whether the instrument is purely indigenous, or introduced by Nordic sailors, either pre or post-Columbus. Inuit culture is one of the few cultures of the Americas to have a chordophone tradition.
The kelutviaq is a one-string fiddle or lute played by the Yup'ik of Nelson Island and southwest Alaska

Distribution
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation has been broadcasting music in Inuit communities since 1961, when CFFB was opened in Frobisher Bay, Northwest Territories (modern day Iqaluit, Nunavut). The CBC Northern Service played a critical role in the distribution and promotion of Inuit music; as an essential cultural link between the remote communities of the Canadian Arctic, it often served as the only venue for Arctic-based musicians to record a song or an album.

In 2016, the Nunavut-based band The Jerry Cans launched Aakuluk Music, the first Nunavut-based independent record label.

Notable performers

See also
 Yup'ik dance

References

Inuit music


شولمانو- أشارئد الثالث في الأكادية وشلمنصر  في التناخ كان ملكاً آشورياً في الفترة من 858-823 ق.م وهو ابن الملك آشور ناصربال الثاني.

كانت فترة حكمه الطويل الذي دام خمسة وثلاثين عاماً عبارة عن سلسلة من الهجمات ضد القبائل الشرقية وقبائل ميسوپوتاميا، والبابلين؛ دوّنت تفاصيلها على مسلة كبيرة من حجر أسود موجودة بالمتحف البريطاني.

وقد حارب شلمنصر أحلاف الآراميين في بلاد الشام وحارب في الأناضول وهضبة إيران الشمالية وهاجم القبائل العربية في الصحراء وعمل على نشر الحضارة الآشورية في كل مكان.

وقد اتخذ شلمنصر مدينة كلخو (النمرود) عاصمة له مثل أبيه، إلا أنه بنى له قصراً قُبالة مركز المدينة. وقدّس الإله آشور وفضلّه على بقية الآلهة في بابل وبلاد الآشوريين.

وفي السنين الأخيرة من حكمه، ثار عليه أحد أبنائه وهو آشور دانن بال وسبب فتنة داخلية واضطرابات أدت إلى ضياع كثير من المستعمرات البعيدة وأنهى أخوه شمشي أداد الخامس الثورة وسحقها بتغلبه على أخيه الثائر.

انظر أيضا
 ملوك آشور
 مراسلات الدولة في الإمبراطورية الأشورية الحديثة
 المسلة السوداء
 نصب كورح

مراجع

إمبراطورية آشورية حديثة
حكام القرن 9 ق م
سنة الولادة غير معروفة
ملوك آشوريون
وفيات 824 ق م

شلمنصر الثالث


Aşağıgöcek, Balıkesir ilinin Bigadiç ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Balıkesir iline 76 km, Bigadiç ilçesine 38 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

Bigadiç'in mahalleleri

Aşağıgöcek, Bigadiç


Diego Innico Caracciolo (Martina Franca, 18 de julho de 1759 - Nápoles, 24 de janeiro de 1820) foi um cardeal italiano.

Nascimento
Nasceu em Martina Franca em 18 de julho de 1759. Terceiro filho de Francesco Caracciolo (1734-94), décimo primeiro duque de Martina, e Stefania Pignatelli (1732-1804), dos duques de Monteleone. Ele estava destinado a uma carreira eclesiástica em uma idade jovem. Primo, por parte de mãe, do cardeal Francesco Maria Pignatelli (1794). Outros cardeais da família foram Marino Ascanio Caracciolo (1535); Innico Caracciolo, sênior (1666); Innico Caracciolo, júnior (1715); Niccolò Caracciolo (1715); Giovanni Costanzo Caracciolo (1759); e Filippo Giudice Caracciolo, C.O. (1833).

Educação
Estudou no Collegio Clementino , Roma, a partir de 1767. Obteve o doutorado in utroque iure na Universidade La Sapienza , Roma. Completou sua formação jurídica sob a orientação de advogado consistorial.

Início da vida
Prelado doméstico de Sua Santidade em 1780. Referendário das Assinaturas da Justiça e da Graça em março de 1782. Consultor da SC das Indulgências e Relíquias em 1782. Prelado vigário do arcipreste da basílica de S. Maria in Cosmedin, Roma, em março de 1786. Governador de San Secerino, em agosto de 1786. Governador de Iesi, em agosto de 1790. Protonotário apostólico em 1793. Governador de Fermo, em março de 1794 até outubro de 1795. Chamado de volta a Roma, foi nomeado Mestre de Câmara do Papa Pio VI. Acompanhou o papa desde fevereiro de 1798 em seu exílio na Itália e na França. Ele ajudou o papa em sua morte, que tinha o dever oficial de informar a todos os cardeais. Ele foi a Veneza para o conclave. Ele foi confirmado em seu cargo pelo novo Papa Pio VII. Criado cardeal em reconhecimento ao seu serviço ao Papa Pio VI.

Sacerdócio
Ordenado em data desconhecida.

Cardinalado
Criado cardeal sacerdote no consistório secreto do consistório de 11 de agosto de 1800; recebeu o gorro vermelho no consistório público de 14 de agosto de 1800; recebeu o título de S. Agostino no consistório secreto de 20 de outubro de 1800. Em dezembro de 1801, foi nomeado prefeito da SC das Indulgências e Relíquias. Ele foi expulso de Roma em 1808 pelos franceses e se estabeleceu primeiro em Fondi e depois em Nápoles. A pretexto de sua saúde debilitada, ele se dispensou de comparecer ao casamento do imperador Napoleão I em Paris.

Episcopado
Optou pela ordem dos cardeais bispos e pela sé suburbicária de Palestrina, conservando in comedamseu título de S. Agostino, 26 de setembro de 1814. Consagrado, 6 de novembro de 1814, pelo Papa Pio VII, auxiliado por Francesco Bertazzoli, arcebispo titular de Edessa em Osrhoëne, presidente da Pontifícia Academia Eclesiástica, e por Giuseppe Bartolomeo Menocchio, OESA , bispo titular de Porfireone, sacristão do Palácio Apostólico. Em junho de 1815, ele foi encarregado da negociação de um acordo entre a Santa Sé e o Reino das Duas Scilias. A concordata foi assinada em fevereiro de 1818. Em 4 de dezembro de 1818, foi nomeado prefeito do Tribunal da Assinatura de Justiça. Não pôde exercer suas funções porque ficou em Nápoles para supervisionar a elaboração da concordata.

Morte
Morreu em Nápoles em 24 de janeiro de 1820. Enterrado na catedral metropolitana de Nápoles após o funeral celebrado em 27 de janeiro.

Cardeais nomeados pelo papa Pio VII

Diego Innico Caracciolo


Borgerstyret Personlig Assistance (BPA) er en hjælperordning til borgere med betydelig og varig funktionsnedsættelse, som medfører et omfattende behov for hjælp. Det kan også være borgere, som har et hjælpebehov, som ikke kan dækkes af personlig og praktisk hjælp efter Servicelovens §§83-84, det som også kaldes hjemmehjælp. Borgerstyret Personlig Assistance (BPA) hed tidligere "hjælperordningen". Der er tale om en individuel og målrettet løsning til borgere over 18 år, som har en betydelig og varig nedsat fysisk og/eller psykisk funktionsevne.

Om ordningen
Ordningen gives efter Lov om Social Service §§95-96, også kaldet serviceloven. Der er således tale om en offentlig service ydet til borgere med behov for assistance med udgangspunkt i kompensationsprincippet.

Hvis ordningen skal gives efter §96 skal behovet for hjælp være så sammensat, at andre ordninger (fx kombination af personlig og praktisk hjælp, ledsagerordning og socialpædagogisk støtte) ikke kan løse borgerens behov for hjælp.

Ordningen tager udgangspunkt i borgerens ønsker og behov, så det er muligt at fastholde og/eller opbygge et selvstændigt liv med egne hjælpere. Både i forhold til arbejde, uddannelse, fritidsliv og familieliv. Borgere, som er bevilliget støtte efter Lov om Social Service §§83-84, og som er bevilliget til mere end 20 timers hjælp om ugen har mulighed for at konvertere hjælpen til en BPA-ordning efter § 95. Borgere, som har BPA efter §95, har mulighed for at kombinere deres BPA-ordning med deres ledsagerordning efter §97. Dette giver borgeren adgang til større fleksibilitet i hjælperordningen. Borgere, der har BPA efter §96, har ikke adgang til særskilt ledsagelse, da dette er inkluderet i udmålingen.

I følge flere handicaporganisationer har BPA-ordningen stor betydning for den enkelte borgers adgang til at leve et selvstændigt liv.

Arbejdsleder og arbejdsgiver
Det er som udgangspunkt et krav for at få en BPA-ordning, at borgeren kan fungere som arbejdsleder. Dvs. det er borgerens ansvar at tilrettelægge hjælpen og fungere som den daglige leder for hjælperne. Undtaget herfor er BPA efter §95, stk. 3. her fungerer en nærtstående som arbejdsleder i ordningen. Kommunen kan dog stille krav om, at borgeren skal overdrage arbejdsgiveransvaret til ekstern part og alene være arbejdsleder. Der kan modsat ikke stilles krav om, at borgeren skal være arbejdsgiver.

At være arbejdsleder indebærer for eksempel at
 udvælge hjælpere til ansættelse
 udarbejde jobbeskrivelser
 udarbejde vagtplaner for hjælperne,
 oplære nye hjælpere
 afholde personalemøder
 varetage instruktion af hjælpere
 sikre at der e tilstrækkelige hjælpere i teamet til at afdække ved sygdom - dvs. fungere som vikarer.

Borgeren er som udgangspunkt også arbejdsgiver i en BPA-ordning, men vedkommende kan vælge, at tilskuddet og arbejdsgiveropgaverne overføres til andre (fx et firma eller en forening). Kommunen kan pålægge borgeren at overdrage arbejdsgiveransvaret, men kommunen kan ikke nægte borgeren i at gøre det.

At være arbejdsgiveropgaver indebærer for eksempel at
 ansætte og afskedige hjælpere, herunder udarbejdelse af lovpligtige ansættelsesbeviser
 indhentelse af straffe- og børneattester
 beregne og udbetale løn,
 indbetaling af pension
 håndtere forsikring af hjælpere
 håndtere erhvervsskadeforsikring
 håndtere rejseforsikring for hjælperne i §96-ordninger
 indberette og betale til skat
 indbetale feriepenge (arbejdsgivere omfattet af overenskomst kan p.t. administrere feriepenge selv, hvilket styrker deres soliditet og mindsker risiko for konkurs)
 indbetale til ATP og øvrige lovbestemte fonde
 administration af sygdom og håndtere sygdomsrefusion
 administration af barsel og barselsrefusion
 sikre sig, at der er afholdt APV
 sikre at arbejdsmiljølovgivningen overholdes

Det er arbejdsgiveren, som bærer ansvaret for fyring af hjælpere, dvs. det er arbejdsgiverens ansvar at sikre sig, at der ikke er tale om en uberettiget fyring. Det er således også arbejdsgiver, der som udgangspunkt skal betale evt. bod og erstatning, hvis der er tale om uberettigede fyringer - eks. ved fyring af gravide eller hjælpere beskyttet af ligebehandlingsloven i øvrigt.

Udmåling af hjælpen
Der kan gives op til 24 timers hjælp i døgnet. Kommunens udmålingen sker på baggrund af en vurdering af de konkrete behov.

Der skal i forbindelse med udmålingen også udmåles timer til weekender og ferier, hvis borgeren i den forbindelse har behov for yderligere hjælp, og timer til oplæring, personalemøder mm.

Kommunen udmåler også tilskud til arbejdsgiverdelen, som skal dække de nødvendige omkostninger til det.

Kommunen skal udmåle løn til hjælperne ud fra en sammenlignelig faggruppe. Det betyder, at der skal udmåles alle relevante lønelementer til hjælperne i en af de overenskomster, som dækker området. Det er centralt for borgeren, at kommunen udmåler tilstrækkeligt, da det ellers ikke er muligt for arbejdsgiveren i ordningen at betale løn efter overenskomsten. Såfremt der ikke betales løn efter overenskomsten er borgeren forhindret i at få adgang til dispensation for hviletidsbestemmelserne - og dermed kan der ikke anvendes eks. 16- eller 24-timers vagter.

På eks. Epilepsiforeningens hjemmeside er dette beskrevet yderligere.

Eksterne henvisninger
Hvad er BPA på Borger.dk
Hvad er BPA på Sundhed.dk
BPA-arbejdsgiver - adgang til rådgivning for borgere med arbejdsgiveransvaret i BPA-ordninger
BPA Videnscenter hos LOBPA - Landsorganisationen Borgerstyret Personlig Assistance  LOBPA er landsdækkende medlems- og interesseorganisation for borgere med BPA.
Udmålingsbekendtgørelsen - Bekendtgørelse om udmåling af tilskud til borgerstyret personlig assistance efter serviceloven
 Guidet tour til hjælperordningen via Ulykkespatientforeningen
 Muskelsvindfonden har skrevet; "En stor hjælp at få en BPA-ordning".
 Kristian Hegaard: "HURRA. DEMOKRATIET ER ÅBENT FOR ALLE" via Dansk Handicap Forbund. Kristian Heegard er efterfølgende blevet medlem af Folketinget.
 Spastikerforeningen har lavet radiomontage.
 Epilepsiforeningen til foretræde om BPA.
 LOBPA - Landsorganisationen Borgerstyret Personlig Assistance har en artikelserie om emnet.

Handikap
Socialpolitik

Borgerstyret Personlig Assistance


Horta este o stație a premetroului din Bruxelles situată în comuna Saint-Gilles din Regiunea Capitalei Bruxelles. Ea se află sub intersecția Șoselei Waterloo cu strada Rue de Parme, la est de Barrière de Saint-Gilles / Bareel van Sint-Gillis.

Istoric
Stația Horta a fost deschisă pe 3 decembrie 1993 și face parte din axa de premetrou Nord-Sud (anterior numită Linia 3) a Metroului din Bruxelles. Prin stație circulă tramvaiele liniilor ,  și .

Stația este un loc de întâlnire pentru adolescenți și este patrulată de agenți de securitate ai MIVB-STIB, gardieni publici și poliție. În noaptea de 22 ianuarie 2012, Horta a suferit un grav atac cu graffiti: opt tineri cu cagule au împrăștiat cantități mari de vopsea pe ziduri și pe trepte, ducând la închiderea stației timp de 24 de ore pentru curățenie.

Caracteristici
Stația are două linii și două peroane, dispuse de o parte și de alta a liniilor.

O parcare auto subterană ocupă spațiul dintre zona peroanelor și parcul de deasupra stației. Accesul în stație se poate face doar prin partea de est, pe la intrarea dinspre Șoseaua Waterloo. Nu a fost construită nicio ieșire spre Piața van Meenen, deși acest lucru ar fi ușurat accesul spre primăria comunei Saint-Gilles.

Stația este denumită după arhitectul Art Nouveau Victor Horta, care a proiectat câteva clădiri semnificative din zonă. Stația de premetrou este ornată cu balustrade și vitralii provenind de la  Maison du Peuple / Volkshuis și Hôtel Aubecq, imobile realizate de Horta și demolate în anii '50 și '60 ai secolului trecut. Aceste piese decorative au fost integrate celorlalte elemente arhitecturale ale stației după o idee a arhitectului Jean-Pierre Hoa. Gresia de pe pereți este de culoare gri.

Linii de tramvai ale STIB în premetrou
  Esplanade - Churchill
  Gare du Nord / Noordstation - Parking Stalle
  Van Haelen - Stade / Stadion

Legături

Linii de autobuz ale STIB în apropiere
  Grand Place / Grote Markt - Decroly

Linii de tramvai ale STIB în apropiere
  Marius Renard - Montgomery
  Louise / Louiza - Dieweg

Locuri importante în proximitatea stației
Primăria comunei Saint-Gilles;
Ateneul Regal Victor Horta;

Note

Vezi și
Premetroul din Bruxelles

Legături externe
Stația Horta pe pagina oficială a MIVB-STIB

Galerie de imagini

Stații de premetrou din Bruxelles

Horta (stație de premetrou din Bruxelles)


Vor Gericht  ist ein Gedicht von Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, geschrieben im Jahr 1776.

Entstehungsgeschichte
Der junge Goethe verfasste 1776 diese literarische Verteidigungsrede einer ledigen Mutter, die sämtliche Konventionen der Gesellschaft, in der sie lebt, für nichtig erklärt. Veröffentlicht wurde die Ballade erstmals 1815, nachdem sie zuvor nur in einer handschriftlichen Gedichtsammlung für Frau von Stein enthalten war.

Goethe war zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch nicht Geheimer Legationsrat des Herzogs Carl August. In dieser Funktion musste er sich später als Berater und Gutachter betätigen, wie z. B. im Fall der Kindermörderin Anna Catharina Höhns (1783), in dem sich Goethe wie seine Kollegen für die Todesstrafe aussprach:
"Da das Resultat meines unterthänigst eingereichten Aufsatzes mit beyden vorliegenden gründlichen Voti völlig übereinstimmt, so kann ich um so weniger zweifeln selbigen in allen Stücken beyzutreten, und zu erklären, dass auch nach meiner Meinung räthlicher seyn mögte die Todesstrafe beyzubehalten."

Inhalt
Von wem ich es habe, das sag' ich euch nicht,
Das Kind in meinem Leib. –
Pfui! speyt ihr aus: die Hure da! –
Bin doch ein ehrlich Weib.

Mit wem ich mich traute, das sag' ich euch nicht.
Mein Schatz ist lieb und gut,
Trägt er eine goldene Kett' am Hals,
Trägt er einen strohernen Hut.

Soll Spott und Hohn getragen seyn,
Trag' ich allein den Hohn.
Ich kenn' ihn wohl, er kennt mich wohl,
Und Gott weiß auch davon.

Herr Pfarrer und Herr Amtmann ihr,
Ich bitte, laßt mich in Ruh!
Es ist mein Kind, es bleibt mein Kind,
Ihr gebt mir ja nichts dazu.

Form
Das Gedicht im Ton einer volkstümlichen Ballade, hat vier Strophen zu je vier Zeilen. Die erste und dritte Zeile jeder Strophe haben keinen Endreim, während sich die zweite und vierte Zeile dagegen durchgehend reimen. Das Versmaß ist nicht einheitlich, sondern die Silbenbetonung wechselt zwischen jambischem (siehe Verse 2, 3, 4, 6 usw.) und daktylischem Versmaß (siehe Verse 1, 5, 9 usw.).

Die Frau in der Gesellschaft von 1770

In Deutschland herrschte zu dieser Zeit der Spätfeudalismus. Im Vergleich zu Frankreich und England trat die Industrialisierung daher etwas später ein. Ein Großteil der Landbevölkerung gehörte der ungebildeten Unterschicht an. Viele unverheiratete junge Frauen folgten dem gesteigerten Bedürfnis des wachsenden Bürgertums nach Dienstboten und zogen in die Städte. Dies bedeutete für viele eine große Umstellung.

Gleichzeitig begannen sich bürgerliche Wertvorstellungen auch in anderen Gesellschaftsschichten durchzusetzen:
"Als ein spezifisch bürgerlicher Wert diffundierte das Leitbild vorehelicher Enthaltsamkeit mit dem Gesamtkomplex bürgerlicher Normvorstellungen und Verhaltensweisen auch in andere soziale Gruppen. Die vom absolutistischen Staat durchgesetzten kirchlichen Moralvorschriften verstärkten diesen Prozess."
Unverheiratete junge Männer aus dem Bürgertum heirateten zumeist nur innerhalb ihres eigenen Standes, was den sexuellen Verkehr mit Frauen aus der Dienstbotenschicht indessen nicht ausschloss.

Auch verheiratete Männer nutzten vermutlich die Abwechslung, und auch sie waren, da sie schon gebunden waren, im Falle einer Schwangerschaft de facto nicht belangbar. Die ledige Mutter war also auf sich allein gestellt.

Dies soll nicht bedeuten, dass uneheliche Kinder zu dieser Zeit nur von Dienstmädchen zur Welt gebracht wurden, und auch in Goethes Ballade ist der gesellschaftliche Stand des lyrischen Ichs unbekannt. Doch stellte sich die Situation in solch einem Fall aus den genannten Gründen als besonders schwierig dar.

Interpretation
In Goethes Gedicht bleibt vieles offen. Es bleibt unbekannt, wer die werdende Mutter anklagt. Dabei lässt sich vermuten, dass es sich hierbei um weltliche und kirchliche Würdenträger handelt, welche die Mutter darum bittet, in Ruhe gelassen zu werden. Sie ist, unehelich, schwanger (V. 2), jedoch geht sie auf ihre heimliche Affäre bewusst nicht weiter ein. Der Vater des Kindes aber kann ebenso gut ein Bauer mit Strohhut wie auch eine Person aus oberen sozialen Schichten mit "goldene[r] Kett'" sein. Die Sprecherin steht zu ihrem Kind und möchte es behalten (V. 15 f.).

Literatur
 Anja Bachmann: "Von wem ich's habe das sag ich euch nicht": Goethes "Vor Gericht" gegen die Konventionen seiner Zeit. GRIN Verlag GmbH, München 2005.

Weblinks
 Klaus Dautel: Heinrich Leopold Wagner. 2000
 Christoph Braendle: Goethe und das Thema Kindsmord. Sonntagsbeilage der Neuen Zürcher Zeitung vom 5./6. Dezember 1998
 Anja Bachmann: "Von wem ich's habe das sag ich euch nicht": Goethes "Vor Gericht" gegen die Konventionen seiner Zeit. GRIN Verlag GmbH, München 2005 (Seminararbeit)

Einzelnachweise

Werk von Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Gedicht
Literatur (Deutsch)
Literatur (18. Jahrhundert)
Literarisches Werk

Vor Gericht


Euschizomerus, es un  género de coleópteros adéfagos perteneciente a la familia Carabidae.

Especies
Comprende las siguientes especies:

 Euschizomerus aeneus Chaudoir, 1869
 Euschizomerus buquetii Chaudoir, 1850
 Euschizomerus caerulans Andrewes, 1938
 Euschizomerus denticollis (Kollar, 1836)
 Euschizomerus elongatus Chaudoir, 1861
 Euschizomerus indicus Jedlicka, 1956
 Euschizomerus junodi Peringuey, 1896
 Euschizomerus liebkei Jedlicka, 1932
 Euschizomerus metallicus Harold, 1879
 Euschizomerus nobilis Xie & Yu, 1991
 Euschizomerus oberthueri Fairmaire, 1898
 Euschizomerus rufipes Heller, 1921
 Euschizomerus schuhi Kirschenhofer, 2000
 Euschizomerus vatovai G.Muller, 1941

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Euschizomerus en ION
 Nomenclator Zoologicus
 Carabidae of the World

Panagaeini

Euschizomerus


Henderson County er navnet på flere counties i USA:

 Henderson County, Illinois
 Henderson County, Kentucky
 Henderson County, North Carolina
 Henderson County, Tennessee
 Henderson County, Texas

Henderson County


Veli Buoh je veliko reljefno oslikano raspelo izrađeno u romaničkom stilu. Raspelo je sa Suska. Suščani ga nazivaju Veli Buoh (lokalni čakavski za Veliki Bog). Najznačajnije je djelo romanike iz vremena kada je ovdje bila nalazila benediktinska opatija (12. st.), a otok je bio u vlasništvu benediktinaca.

Povijest
Raspelo se dovodi u svezu s benediktinskom opatijom sv. Mihovila (sv. Nikole) koja je na Susku djelovala od početaka 11. stoljeća do pred kraj 13. stoljeća. Središnja benediktinska opatija za cijeli svijet koja se nalazi u Monte Cassinu u svojim kronikama ima zabilježeno da ju je osnovao hrvatski kralj Krešimir III. te ju zajedno s otokom darovao montecassinskoj opatiji. Na raspelu je prikazan "živi Krist". Radi se o Kristu koji ne pokazuje znakove patnje te premda je razapet vlada i pobjeđuje smrt. Prikazan je načinom koji je bio uobičajen do 13. stoljeća, kao pobjednik nad smrću, s kraljevskom a ne trnovom, te je Christus Triumphans. Od 13. stoljeća većinski ga se prikazuje mrtva i kao onoga koji je dovršio djelo otkupljenja. Krist je prikazan gdje stoji uspravno, kao živo živi čovjek otvorenih očiju, uzdignute glave, rastavljenih nogu. Svaka je noga zasebice pribijena na križ. Oko bokova ovijeno je dugo platno.

Brojne su legende o nastanku i pronalasku raspela. Prema jednoj je doplovilo u uvalu Pod Tarnak na 3. svibnja poslije nekoga brodoloma. Iznad te uvale je uzvisina Kel Kriza. Na obljetnicu pronalaska križa svake se godine održava procesija koja započinje od župne crkve.

Jedan je jedini put restauriran, 1964. godine. Tada su skinuti brojni naknadni premazi uljanom bojom te se došlo do izvornog premaza temperom, kojom je bio oslikan reljefni prikaz Kristovog tijela iz 12. stoljeća. Restaurirali su ga otac Bruno Bulić, koji je naslikao i oltarnu palu za glavni oltar) i Zvonimir Wyroubal. Pri restauraciji je otkriveno da su svi dijelovi raspela osim ruku i nogu do koljena originalni.

Raspelo je smješteno na sredini desnog zida župne crkve sv. Nikole na otoku Susku. Izrađeno je od drva i Kristovo tijelo je velikih dimenzija. Visina je 433 cm s krakovima od 220 cm te s izrezbarenim Isusom od 259 cm. Samo je par sličnih raspela u Hrvatskoj.

O Velom Buohu je dokumentarni film 1995. snimio hrvatski redatelj, scenarist i producent Tomislav Žaja.

Izvori

Susak
Katoličanstvo u Hrvatskoj
Raspela
Romanika

Veli Buoh