An indenture is a legal contract that reflects or covers a debt or purchase obligation. It specifically refers to two types of practices: in historical usage, an indentured servant status, and in modern usage, it is an instrument used for commercial debt or real estate transaction.

Historical usage

An indenture is a legal contract between two parties, particularly for indentured labour or a term of apprenticeship but also for certain land transactions. The term comes from the medieval English "indenture of retainer"—a legal contract written in duplicate on the same sheet, with the copies separated by cutting along a jagged (toothed, hence the term "indenture") line so that the teeth of the two parts could later be refitted to confirm authenticity (chirograph). Each party to the deed would then retain a part. When the agreement was made before a court of law a tripartite indenture was made, with the third piece kept at the court. The term is used for any kind of deed executed by more than one party, in contrast to a deed poll which is made by one individual. In the case of bonds, the indenture shows the pledge, promises, representations and covenants of the issuing party.

Although other evidence indicates that the method has been in use from around the year 1000, the earliest surviving examples in England are from the thirteenth century. These are agreements for military service, proving that a paid contract army was then in existence. Exchequer records of Henry V's French campaign of 1415, which culminated in the Battle of Agincourt on 25 October 1415, including the indentures of all the captains of the army agreeing to provide specified numbers of men and at what cost, may still be read. An indenture was commonly used as a form of sealed contract or agreement for land and buildings. An example of such a use can be found in the National Archives, where an indenture, from about 1401, recording the transfer of the manor of Pinley, Warwickshire, is held.

In the early history of the United States, many European immigrants served a period of indentured labour in order to pay the cost of their transportation. This practice was common during the 17th and 18th centuries, where over half of immigrants worked off an average of three years' servitude.

Modern usage
Bond indenture (also trust indenture or deed of trust) is a legal document issued to lenders and describes key terms such as the interest rate, maturity date, convertibility, pledge, promises, representations, covenants, and other terms of the bond offering. When the offering memorandum is prepared in advance of marketing a bond, the indenture will typically be summarised in the "description of notes" section.

In the United States, public debt offerings in excess of $10 million require the use of an indenture of trust under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. The rationale for this is that it is necessary to establish a collective action mechanism under which creditors can collect in a fair, orderly manner if default takes place (like that which occurs during bankruptcy). No trust relationship exists between the bondholder and the issuing corporation. These two are in a regular contractual, arm's length, non-fiduciary, non-equity relationship. Rather, the trustee in a "trust indenture" is a third party, usually a specialist company, who is appointed by the issuer to handle and safeguard the interests of the numerous public bondholders, in events ranging from the usual distribution of coupons and principal payments to dealing with the issuer's default, if any occurs.

See also
Corporate finance
Debt security
Debt bondage
Debenture
Indentured servant
Indian indenture system
Irish slaves myth
Prospectus
Securities law
Slavery
Blackbirding

References

External links
English property indenture from 1804
Wisconsin Health and Educational Facilities Authorities Revenue bonds
 First international Festival of indenture : http://www.potomitan.info/ki_nov/coolitude_2018.php

Contract law
Legal documents
Bond market

Indenture


Jerzy Andrzejewski (; 19 August 1909 – 19 April 1983) was a prolific Polish writer. His works confront controversial moral issues such as betrayal, the Jews and Auschwitz in the wartime. His novels, Ashes and Diamonds (about the immediate post-war situation in Poland), and Holy Week (treating the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising), have been made into film adaptations by the Oscar-winning Polish director Andrzej Wajda. Holy Week and Ashes and Diamonds have both been translated into English. His novel The Gates of Paradise was translated into English by James Kirkup and published by Panther Books with the anglicised spelling "George Andrzeyevski".

Life and career
Born in Warsaw in 1909, Andrzejewski studied philology at the University of Warsaw in the Second Polish Republic. In 1932 he debuted in ABC Magazine with his first short story entitled Wobec czyjegoś życia. In 1936 he published a full collection of short stories called Drogi nieuniknione, in Biblioteka Prosto z mostu, and soon received broad recognition for his new, Catholic-inspired novel Ład serca from 1938.

During World War II he was involved in efforts to aid the Jewish refugees. His short novel Holy Week (1945) has been described as "arguably the first literary attempt to examine the behavior of Poles facing the Holocaust".

Immediately after World War II, Andrzejewski published the volume Night (Noc, 1945) and his most famous novel so far, Ashes and Diamonds (Popiół i diament, 1948). Having joined the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) in 1950, he left the party after the 1956 Polish October protests and riots. After the suppression of the Prague Spring, in which Polish troops participated, Andrzejewski wrote a letter of apology to Eduard Goldstücker, the chairman of the Czechoslovak Writers Union. In 1964 he was one of the signatories of the so-called Letter of 34 to Prime Minister Józef Cyrankiewicz regarding freedom of culture. In 1976 Andrzejewski was one of the founding members of the intellectual opposition group KOR (Workers' Defence Committee). Later, Andrzejewski was a strong supporter of Poland's anti-Communist Solidarity movement.

Andrzejewski was gay.

Although he was frequently considered a front-runner for the Nobel Prize for Literature, he never received the honor. His purported alcoholism in his later years may have hindered his literary output, thus preventing him from ever becoming a true moral authority.

He died of a heart attack in Warsaw in 1983.

Legacy
Andrzejewski's wartime writings, which inspired the Anti-Nazi Home Army, and in turn his post-war work as a propagandist for Stalinism in Poland are analyzed in Czesław Miłosz's The Captive Mind. In that book, Miłosz refers to Andrzejewski only as "Alpha." According to Miłosz, Andrzejewski's writing is "sainted and supercilious," and other poets and writers in postwar Poland considered him a "respectable prostitute."

On 23 September 2006, Jerzy Andrzejewski was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta by Polish President Lech Kaczyński.

List of works
Unavoidable Roads (Drogi nieuniknione, 1936), a collection of short stories
Mode of the Heart (Ład serca, 1938), first novel, winner of the Polish Academy of Literature award
Night (Noc, 1945) featuring Holy Week
Ashes and Diamonds (Popiół i diament, 1948),<ref name="roadrunner.com">Polish literature in English translation.  20th century Polish literature, at roadrunner.com.</ref> film version won Critics' Prize at 1959 Venice Film FestivalThe Inquisitors (Ciemności kryją ziemię, 1957, tr. 1960)An Effective War (Wojna skuteczna, czyli Opis bitew i potyczek z Zadufkami, 1953), stalinist feel-good storyThe Gates of Paradise (Bramy raju, 1960), novel notable for being written almost without punctuation, in two sentencesA Sitter for a Satyr (Idzie skacząc po górach, 1963) published in the United Kingdom as He Cometh Leaping upon the Mountain(and others)Further reading
 Irena Szymańska: Mój przyjaciel Jerzy w: "Kwartalnik Artystyczny" nr 4/1997, s. 82–101.
 Anna Synoradzka: Andrzejewski, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1997.
 Dariusz Nowacki: "Ja" nieuniknione. O podmiocie pisarstwa Jerzego Andrzejewskiego, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2000.

References

External links
 C Tighe. Jerzy Andrzejewski: life and times. Journal of European Studies, Vol. 25, 1995 ()
  Jerzy Andrzejewski (1909–1983)  University of Glasgow College of Arts. Slavonic studies.
 , at www.pisarzepolscy.cpo.pl''.

1909 births
1983 deaths
Writers from Warsaw
Gay novelists
Members of the Workers' Defence Committee
People from Warsaw Governorate
Polish people who rescued Jews during the Holocaust
Polish United Workers' Party members
Members of the Polish Sejm 1952–1956
Polish LGBT novelists
Polish male novelists
Polish LGBT politicians
Polish gay writers
Polish male short story writers
University of Warsaw alumni
Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Recipients of the Order of the Banner of Work
Burials at Powązki Cemetery
20th-century Polish novelists
20th-century short story writers
20th-century Polish LGBT people

Jerzy Andrzejewski


Am Europapokal der Landesmeister 1975/76 nahmen 13 Handball-Vereinsmannschaften aus 13 Ländern teil. Diese qualifizierten sich in der vorangegangenen Saison in ihren Heimatländern für den Europapokal. Bei der 15. Austragung des Wettbewerbs, konnte mit RK Radnički Belgrad zum ersten Mal eine Mannschaft aus Jugoslawien den Pokal gewinnen.

1. Runde

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Durch ein Freilos zogen ASU Lyon, Medina Guipúzcoa und Mora Swift Roermond direkt in das Viertelfinale ein.

Viertelfinale

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Halbfinale

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Finale
Das Finale fand am 4. April 1976 in Belgrad statt.

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Literatur

Quellen

Handball-Europapokal (Frauen)
Handballsaison 1975/76

Europapokal der Landesmeister (Handball) der Frauen 1975/76


එල් සැල්වදෝර් යනු මධ්‍යම ඇමරිකාවේ කුඩාම රට වන අතර, ජන ඝනත්වය අතින් විශාලතම රටද වේ.  පැසිපික් සාගරය, ග්වාතමාලා හා හොන්ඩුරාස් රජය එහි සීමාවන් වේ.
ෆොන්සේකා බොක්ක (Gulf of Fonseca) මත පිහිටන රටවල් 3 ක් අතරින් එල් සැල්වදෝර් එකකි.  හොන්ඩියුරාස් හා නිකරගුවා සෙසු රටවල් වේ.
2001 දී තම මුදල් වන කොලෝන් (Colon) භාවිතයෙන් ඉවත් කර අමෙරිකානු ඩොලර් භාවිතය ආරම්භ විය.

එල් සැල්වදෝර් ජනරජය


The Strait of Anián was a semi-mythical strait, documented from around 1560, that was believed by early modern cartographers to mark the boundary between North America and Asia and to permit access to a Northwest Passage from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific. The true strait was discovered in 1728 and became known as the Bering Strait. The Strait of Anián had been generally placed nearby, but sometimes appeared as far south as California.

History
The source of this idea is unknown. The Martin Waldseemüller map of 1506 or 1507 shows America and Asia separated. A 1562 map by Paolo Forlani shows Asia and North America joined north of about the latitude of San Diego. The strait probably took its name from Ania, a Chinese province mentioned in a 1559 edition of Marco Polo's book. The name probably first appeared on a map issued by the Italian cartographer Giacomo Gastaldi in 1562. It appeared on maps by Abraham Ortelius (1564), Bolognini Zaltieri (1567) and Gerardus Mercator (1567). The Zaltieri and Gastaldi maps show it narrow and crooked. Gastaldi and Ortelius have an "Ania" or "Anian" on the east side of the strait. A speculative map of 1578 shows Frobisher Strait extending all the way across Canada and ending at the Strait of Anián. Juan de Fuca, a Greek navigator, sailed in a Spanish expedition in 1592 to seek the fabled Strait of Anián. A 1719 map by Herman Moll shows the strait as a probable bay at 50° North, north of the Island of California. The 1726 edition of a map by Johannes van Keulen shows the strait north of the Island of California with the note that "They say that one can come through this strait to Hudson Bay, but this is not proven."

In popular culture
The Strait of Anián can be seen in the map of Brobdingnag featured in Jonathan Swift's classic novel Gulliver's Travels.

The Strait of Anián is mentioned in the Prologue of James Clavell's novel Shōgun as a possible destination for a sailing voyage undertaken by Francis Drake.

See also
Early knowledge of the Pacific Northwest
Shangdu (Xanadu)
Cathay

References

Works cited

Pre-statehood history of Alaska
Mythological places
Bering Strait

Strait of Anián


Tramps est un film américain réalisé par Adam Leon, sorti en 2016.

Synopsis
Deux personnes qui ne se connaissent pas se lancent à la poursuite d'une mallette perdue.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Tramps
 Réalisation : Adam Leon
 Scénario : Adam Leon et Jamund Washington
 Musique : Nicholas Britell
 Photographie : Ashley Connor
 Montage : Morgan Faust et Sara Shaw
 Production : Joshua Astrachan, David Kaplan, Andrea Roa et Jamund Washington
 Société de production : Animal Kingdom, Beachside Films et Rooks Nest Entertainment
 Pays :
 Genre : Aventure et romance
 Durée : 82 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :  (festival international du film de Toronto)
Netflix :

Distribution
 Callum Turner : Danny
 Grace Van Patten : Ellie
 Michal Vondel : Darren
 Mike Birbiglia : Scott
 Margaret Colin : Evelyn
 Louis Cancelmi : Jimmy
 Mariola Mlekicki : Ola
 Rachel Zeiger-Haag : Vinessa
 Dane Martinez : Russell
 Tarina Milo : Lily Weirengo
 Jamund Washington : Gregory

Accueil
Le film a reçu un accueil favorable de la critique. Il obtient un score moyen de 76 % sur Metacritic.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 2016
Film d'aventure américain
Film romantique américain
Film se déroulant à New York
Film distribué par Netflix

Tramps


Sámuel Diószegi (Sámuel Diószeghi) () a fost un botanist, profesor și pastor reformat maghiar. Este autorul primului tratat maghiar de botanică Maghiar füvész-könyv, mely a két magyar hazában található növényeknek megismertethetésére vezet, a Linné alkotmánya szerint (1807), scris în colaborare cu poetul Mihály Fazekas.

Biografie

A fost fiul lui Pál F. Diószegi (profesor la școala de fete) și a lui Erzsébet Szappanos. A învățat la școala din orașul său natal, iar pe 27 aprilie 1775 a fost admis la cursurile secundare. În 1783 a devenit profesor la școala primară. La 29 aprilie 1784 a fost numit director al școlii din Hajdúböszörmény, unde a petrecut trei ani.  În 1787 a fost angajat ca profesor temporar la Kecskemét. După o jumătate de an a mers la Universitatea din Göttingen unde a audiat, printre altele, cursuri de științe naturale și de științe medicale. După ce s-a întors în Ungaria, a fost numit în 1789 ca pastor la Hajdúnánás, pe 18 aprilie 1793 la Hajdúböszörmény și pe 29 martie 1803 la Debrețin. În ianuarie 1806 a devenit funcționar episcopal, fiind numit pe 13 ianuarie 1809 decan și pe 22 aprilie 1809 notar episcopal.

A murit pe 2 august 1813 la Debrețin. Pastorul István Németh a ținut cuvântarea de rămas bun, iar profesorul Sándor Tata a rostit un discurs memorial. Un articol, care include o biografie completă, a fost scris de Ézsaiás Budai și publicat în ziarul Magyar Kurír II., secțiunea Honnyi levelek  din anexa 9. numarul de comunicare.

Activitatea științifică

Orice inițiativă din domeniul botanicii din Ungaria este legată practic de numele său. În 1807 el a lansat ideea tipăririi unei reviste botanice, care s-a materializat abia după câțiva zeci de ani.

Lucrări
 Maghiar füvész-könyv, mely a két magyar hazában található növényeknek megismertethetésére vezet, a Linné alkotmánya szerint. Debrețin, 1807. Două părți. (A fost scrisă în colaborare cu cumnatul său, Mihály Fazekas, care era căsătorit cu sora lui, Maria Diószegi.)
 Erkölcsi tanítások prédikácziókban (Învățături morale pentru preoți). U. ott, 1808. Două volume.
 Prédikáczio, melyet a szatmári helv. vallástételt követő keresztyének új templomának felszentelésére készített és abban szept. 27. 1807. elmondott. U. ott, 1808.
 Halotti tanítás, melyel néhai… Szombathi István urnak… emlékezetét tisztelte… jún. 17. 1810. eszt. U. ott, 1810.
 Abéce (Alfabet). U. ott, 1810. (Au apărut mai multe ediții. Aceasta este o carte cunoscută sub numele de manualul lui Diószegi pentru copiii de școală elementară.)
 Orvosi füvész-könyv, mely a magyar füvészkönyv praktika része. A füvészek és nem füvészek számokra készült, és hasznavehetővé tétetett. U. ott, 1813.

In memoriam
Un monument simplu dedicat lui Diószegi și Fazekas a fost amplasat în grădina Universității din Budapesta.

Referințe

Bibliografie
 József Szinnyei: Magyar írók élete és munkái II. (Caban–Exner). Hornyánszky. Budapesta. 1893.
 Szaniszló Priszter: "Diószegi Sámuel". In: Magyar tudóslexikon A-tól Zs-ig. Főszerk. Nagy Ferenc. Budapest: Better; MTESZ; OMIKK. 1997. 251-252. o. ISBN 9638543353

Nașteri în 1761
Decese în 1813
Botaniști maghiari
Poeți maghiari
Agronomi maghiari

Sámuel Diószegi


බහිස්‍රාවී පද්ධතිය () යනු ජීවීන්ගේ ශරීරවලින් බහිස්‍රාවී ඵල ඉවත් කරන පද්ධතිය වේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

ආශ්‍රිත
 Urinary system
 වකුගඩු

බහිස්‍රාවී පද්ධතිය

බහිස්‍රාවී පද්ධතිය


John Propitius (né en 1953 à Baarn) est un organiste, compositeur et chef de chœur néerlandais.

Biographie
Après l'apprentissage élémentaire de l'orgue avec Gijsbert Brinks et Jaap Zwart, John Propitius a étudié au Conservatoire d'Utrecht avec Nico van den Hooven et . Il est, à seize ans, organiste à l'église réformée de sa paroisse natale de Baarn. En 1977, il devient organiste à la  de Barneveld et en 1997 à l'église réformée de Driebergen. Pour des raisons de santé, il a arrêté ses activités de concert en 2009, mais est toujours actif en tant que chef de chœur à Soest, Hilversum et Amerongen.

Il est connu pour ses interprétations de musique sacrée, en particulier pour ses improvisations sur les psaumes. Il a enregistré plusieurs disques et CD et nombre de ses interprétations sont présentes sur la chaîne YouTube de l'éditeur JQZ.

Compositions
 Introïtus et Toccata sur le Psaume 56 (Improvisations, Partie 1)
 Aria sur le Psaume 121 ; prélude du choral "Quand le Sauveur paraîtra" ; Méditation sur "Les dix commandements du Seigneur" (Improvisations, Partie 2)
 Méditation sur le Psaume 141 ; Fantaisie sur le Psaume 124 (Improvisations, Partie 3)

Discographie
 John Propitius – Speelt Eigen Koraalbewerkingen Martinikerk Bolsward (JQZ Muziekprodukties, 1985)
 Een naam is onze hope (JQZ)
 John Propitius Improviseert (2004)
 Psaumes Rond Israël (Animato, 2008)

Liens externes

Notes et références

Naissance en 1953
Chef de chœur néerlandais
Organiste néerlandais
Compositeur néerlandais de musique classique de la période contemporaine
Compositeur de musique sacrée

John Propitius


Nanhu (chinois : 南湖站 / pinyin : Nánhú zhàn / zhuang : Camh Nanzhuz) est une station de métro de la ligne 1 du métro de Nanning. Ouverte le , la station comprend cinq entrées et une seule plateforme.

Situation ferroviaire

La station est située dans le district de Qingxiu de la ville de Nanning et est la seizième station à partir de Shibu (dixième à partir de la gare de Nanning est). Elle est située de part et d'autre du boulevard Minzu dadao et de la rue Binhu Lu.

Histoire
La construction débute le . Le , les dix premières stations sont terminées. Les premiers tests sans passagers ont lieu en février 2016. Les vérifications continuent les 16 et 29 mai de la même année.

La station est ouverte le  en faisant partie de la première portion du métro inaugurée, de Nanhu à la gare de Nanning est. Nanhu ne devient plus le terminus une fois la seconde partie inaugurée, le .

Service des voyageurs

Horaires
Accessible les sept jours de la semaine, la station est ouverte de 6h00 à 23h00. De 7h00 à 9h00 et de 17h30 à 19h30, le métro y passe aux 3 minutes et demie, tandis qu'il passe aux 7 minutes le reste de la journée. Pendant la fin de semaine, le métro y passe aux 5 minutes (11h30 à 20h00), 6 minutes (20h00 à 23h00) ou aux 7 minutes (6h30 à 11h00). Les premiers et derniers passages en direction de Shibu sont à 6h34 et 22h19, tandis que ceux en direction de la gare de Nanning est sont à 6h50 et 22h35.

La station est desservie par les autobus 6, 11, 17, 29, 33, 34, 39, 47, 60, 79, 87, 206, 220, 603, 607 et 704, ainsi que certaines lignes spéciales comme celles reliant la ville à l'aéroport.

Entrées et sorties
La station est accessible par cinq entrées différentes, de part et d'autre du boulevard Minzu Dadao et de la rue Binhu Lu. La sortie A comprend un ascenseur pour les personnes handicapées.

Desserte et structure
La gare a deux étages au-dessous du sol et ses trois entrées sont au niveau du sol. Le premier sous-sol contient les divers commerces et postes de services, tandis que le quai d'embarquement se situe au second.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Métro de Nanning
 Ligne 1 (métro de Nanning)

Lien externe

Station du métro de Nanning
Station de métro mise en service en 2016

Nanhu (métro de Nanning)


كان جاك سويغيرت أحد رواد الفضاء الأمريكيين الذين قاموا برحلة إلى القمر. ولد جاك سويغيرت في 30 أغسطس 1931، وتوفي في 27 ديسمبر 1982. واختارته ناسا للقيام هو وزملائه جيم لوفل وفريد هايس ببعثة أبولو 13 بقصد الهبوط على القمر. أثناء رحلة الذهاب إلى القمر انفجر خزان للأوكسجين في وحدة الخدمة لمركبة الفضاء وأحدث تدميرا بالغا للمركبة وفي نفس الوقت عجزا كبيرا في مخزون الأكسجين اللازم لتنفس رواد الفضاء، واللازم أيضا لتوليد التيار الكهربائي في المركبة بخلايا الوقود. لهذا قررت ناسا إلغاء المهمة المعهودة للرواد لإجرائها على القمر، والعمل على استرجاعهم بأسرع ما يمكن بسلام. وتابع ملايين من الناس على شاشات التلفزيون آنذاك عملية إنقاذ طاقم أبولو 13 الحرجة وإعادتهم سالمين إلى الأرض. لم يتمكن الثلاثة رواد من الهبوط على القمر وبذلك أصبحوا من ضمن 24 رائد فضائي سافروا إلى القمر حتى الآن.

عمل سويغيرت قبل التحاقه بناسا كطيار اختبار. وبعد مغادرته ناسا رشح نفسه ليكون عضوا في الكونغرس إلا أنه توفي قبل أن يحلف يمين العضوية.

اقرأ أيضاً
 نيل أرمسترونج
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مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 Jack Swigert on IMDb
 John L. "Jack" Swigert, Jr., Award for Space Exploration

أعضاء الحزب الجمهوري في مجلس النواب الأمريكي من كولورادو
الحرس الجوي الوطني الأمريكي
جمهوريون من ولاية كولورادو
أبولو 13
أصحاب أعمال أمريكيون في القرن 20
أعضاء قاعة مشاهير رواد الفضاء بالولايات المتحدة
أعضاء مجلس النواب الأمريكي من كولورادو
أفراد عسكريون من كونيتيكت
حائزون على الوسام الرئاسي للحرية
حاصلون على ميدالية الخدمة المتميزة لناسا
خريجو جامعة كولورادو بولدر
خريجو جامعة هارتفورد
خريجو معهد رينسلار للفنون المتعددة
رحلات الفضاء في 1970
رواد فضاء أمريكيون
رواد فضاء سياسيون أمريكيون
رومان كاثوليك أمريكيون
سياسيون من دنفر (كولورادو)
ضباط بالقوات الجوية الأمريكية
طيارو اختبار أمريكيون
طيارون من كولورادو
مسيرو أعمال أمريكيون
مهندسو فضاء أمريكيون
مهندسو ميكانيك أمريكيون
مهندسون أمريكيون في القرن 20
مواليد 1931
مواليد في دنفر (كولورادو)
وفيات 1982
وفيات السرطان في واشنطن العاصمة
وفيات بسبب ورم نخاعي متعدد
وفيات في واشنطن العاصمة

جاك سويغيرت


Jari Pekka Kurri (; born May 18, 1960) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey player. Beginning in 1980, he played right wing for five National Hockey League (NHL) teams: the Edmonton Oilers, the Los Angeles Kings, the New York Rangers, the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, and the Colorado Avalanche. Kurri played 17 seasons in the NHL and was the first Finnish player to be enshrined into the Hockey Hall of Fame, in 2001. He was a member of a Stanley Cup–winning team five times, all with the Oilers. In 2017, Kurri was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history. He won the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy in 1985, and was the NHL goal scoring leader in the 1984–85 season.

Kurri's jersey # 17 was retired by the Edmonton Oilers and Jokerit. Internationally, Kurri played on the Finland men's national ice hockey team, and was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2000. Since 2019, Kurri is the general manager and owner of Jokerit.

Playing career

Early years (1977–1980)
He began his pro career with Jokerit in the Finnish SM-liiga. After an eleven-point rookie season for Jokerit in 1977–78, Kurri scored 30 and 39 points the next two years, playing all 33 games in each season.

On March 20, 1979, in a game of seemingly minor consequence at the time, Kurri accompanied the Finnish national team to play in Edmonton, Alberta. The Finns had been invited by the World Hockey Association to play the WHA-leading Edmonton Oilers - while essentially an exhibition game for the Finnish team, the WHA counted the game in its standings. Finland lost the game 8-4, nevertheless Kurri impressed Oilers' management. His performance in Edmonton that night would have a profound impact on his later career.

Edmonton Oilers (1980-1990)

After his third professional season, Kurri was eligible for the 1980 NHL Entry Draft. However, he was also widely believed to still be liable for military service in NHL circles, and thus was ignored by most NHL teams. The Oilers, who had joined the NHL after the WHA merged following the 1978-79 season, had closely tracked Kurri's career after watching him play in Edmonton. They made discreet inquiries to the Finnish government and were able to determine that Kurri had already fulfilled his military service obligations. Taking advantage of this information, the Oilers waited until the fourth round before selecting Kurri with the 69th overall pick. Kurri remains regarded as one of the greatest "steals" in the history of the NHL draft.

When Kurri joined the Oilers, he was soon paired with Wayne Gretzky. Kurri and Gretzky became one of the most prolific scoring duos ever to play in the NHL. Despite not always playing on the same line, Gretzky assisted on 364 of Kurri's 601 career goals, while Kurri had an assist on 196 Gretzky goals.

During his career in Edmonton, he was nicknamed the "Finnish Flash" (a title since bestowed on Teemu Selänne). Kurri was "by far our most complete player", according to Oilers' director of personnel Barry Fraser. Although Kurri never won the Selke Trophy, he was regarded as one of the best defensive forwards in the NHL. Alongside Kurri, Esa Tikkanen and Gretzky, Edmonton had future hall-of-famers Paul Coffey, Grant Fuhr, Glenn Anderson and Mark Messier. The team won four Stanley Cups during Gretzky's tenure. In 1988, Gretzky was traded, along with team enforcer Marty McSorley, to the Los Angeles Kings. Following Gretzky's trade, Kurri recorded 195 points in 154 games, leading the Oilers to their fifth and last Stanley Cup in 1990.

Kurri won five Stanley Cups, all with Edmonton (1984, 1985, 1987, 1988 and 1990). In 1984–85 he had 135 points and scored 50 goals in his first 50 games; however, his 50th game was the Oilers' 53rd game so it does not count as an official 50 goals in 50 games. A year later, he led the league in goals with 68. In 1984–85 Kurri set a record for goals by a right winger when he scored 71, which was broken by Brett Hull when he scored 72 goals in 1989–90 (Hull's 86 goals in 1990–91 is the current record). Kurri also scored the Stanley Cup winning goal in game seven against the Philadelphia Flyers in 1987.

Kurri's 19 goals in the 1985 post-season (18 games played) tied an NHL record set by the Flyers' Reggie Leach in the 1976 playoffs (16 games played). Those 19 goals included four hat tricks, a still-standing record in a playoff season. Kurri scored three of the hat tricks against the Blackhawks in the conference finals, also a feat that no player has ever equaled. He scored five goals in a single game, on November 19, 1983. The achievement was not repeated by Finnish player until November 24, 2018 when Patrik Laine had a five-goal-game. Kurri registered three goals and two assists in Game 2 of the Stanley Cup Finals in Boston, May 18, 1990, setting a record for scoring in a single Finals game in the modern era, on his 30th birthday. Kurri had also set up Petr Klíma's goal in triple overtime in Game 1.

Later career (1990–1998)
Kurri's contract with the Oilers expired in 1990 but his NHL rights were still owned by the Oilers. Instead of accepting a new contract from the Oilers, Kurri opted for a season in Italy and played for Devils Milano of the Italian Serie A. Kurri had 27 goals and 48 assists in 30 games while he played in the Italian league.

After a season in Italy, Kurri's rights were traded to the Philadelphia Flyers and then to the Los Angeles Kings on the same day. He made an impression in his first game as a King, scoring 3 goals on opening night. For the first time since the 1988 trade, Kurri was reunited with Wayne Gretzky. The pair had a fairly successful campaign in 1993 leading the Los Angeles Kings to the Stanley Cup Finals where they faced off against the Montreal Canadiens. Kurri managed to put together 17 points in 24 games during the run, in which the Kings ultimately fell short and lost the series in 5 games. Kurri followed the run up with a few more solid seasons as a Los Angeles King, scoring 146 points in 176 games; his decline in scoring was primarily due to his transition into a more defensive minded forward in a somewhat reduced role. (Though they were back on the same team, by this time he and Gretzky were not usually playing on the same line.)

Kurri's best season for the Kings was during the successful 1992–93 season when Kurri posted 27 goals and 60 assists in 82 games.

During the 1994–95 NHL lockout Jari Kurri represented Jokerit, the team for which he played before his NHL career. Kurri played alongside Teemu Selänne, the 1993 winner of the Calder Memorial Trophy who had established himself as one of the top stars in Finland during early success in the NHL. Kurri had one memorable moment during his visit to SM-liiga when Jokerit faced their local rivals HIFK. Kurri played against his former Oilers-linemate Esa Tikkanen and another Finnish NHL-player, Christian Ruuttu. Kurri, Selänne and Jokerit captain Waltteri Immonen led Jokerit to 4–2 victory over Russian HC Lada Togliatti in 1994 European Cup Finals.

After the lockout Kurri returned to Los Angeles, but was traded to New York Rangers in 1996 for their playoff run.

Kurri played the remainder of the 1995–96 NHL season with the Rangers and posted one goal and four assists in 14 games. While he may not have put up the points the Rangers expected him to at the end of the regular season, Kurri proved some of his value by notching 8 points in 11 playoff games with the Rangers.

After his short period with the Rangers, Kurri signed with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. Kurri intended to play alongside Teemu Selänne and Paul Kariya, but was ultimately reduced to a smaller role on the second and third lines, despite a newfound confidence from rigorous summer training. The Mighty Ducks made it to the playoffs and defeated the Phoenix Coyotes in the first round but were swept by the Detroit Red Wings in the second round.

After his single season with the Mighty Ducks, Kurri was signed by the Colorado Avalanche, the 1996 Stanley Cup champions. Kurri had a more defensive role with the Avalanche. Kurri's highlight of the season was his 600th NHL career goal, which he scored during a regular season game between the Avalanche and the Kings. Despite having a strong team with players like Joe Sakic, Peter Forsberg and Patrick Roy, the Avalanche were eliminated quickly in the playoffs by the Oilers.

Legacy
Kurri finished his career as the highest scoring European-born-and-trained player in NHL history, with 601 goals, 797 assists, and 1,398 points. (Stan Mikita, who was born in Slovakia, but raised in Canada, retired 18 seasons before Kurri with 926 assists and 1,467 points.) Kurri has since been passed in all three categories by Jaromír Jágr, who also passed all of Mikita's marks. Kurri has since also been bested in goals by Teemu Selänne (the current record-holder for NHL goals scored by a Finn), and in assists by Nicklas Lidström. He was also the highest ranked non-Canadian in NHL points and goals; the only non-Canadian with more assists at Kurri's retirement was American Phil Housley, since passed by Mike Modano. Kurri finished with 106 career playoff goals and 233 playoff points, third all-time behind Gretzky and Messier. His 1,398 points are 19th all-time, and the third highest among players trained in Europe behind Jágr and Selänne. He is 18th in all-time goals with 601, and was the leading Finn in that department until Selänne passed him in 2010. He is the second leading point-scorer in Oilers history, with 1,043 points in 754 games, behind Gretzky. His No. 17 has been retired by the Edmonton Oilers, the Finnish national team, and Jokerit. In addition, the Jari Kurri trophy is given to the most valuable player in the SM-liiga playoffs. In 2000, he was named along with longtime linemate Gretzky to the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame. In 1998, he was ranked number 50 on The Hockey News''' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players, the highest-ranking Northern European player (1998). In addition, he was the first Finn to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, doing so in 2001.

International play

Kurri also had a lengthy international career for the Finnish national team. Kurri debuted during 1980 Winter Olympics when Finland played in the Olympic ice hockey tournament. Kurri scored two goals and an assist in his international debut.

Since NHL players were unable to participate in the Winter Olympics and World Championships, Kurri's national team appearances were limited after he started his NHL career. Kurri was part of Finnish national team during 1981 Canada Cup. Finland lost four games and had a 4–4 tie with the United States. Kurri had a disappointing performance, with only one assist in five games.

After the Oilers were eliminated in the 1982 NHL playoffs, Kurri was able to join the Finnish national team in 1982 World Championships. The tournament was held in Finland. Kurri formed Finland's top line along with SM-liiga players Reijo Leppänen of TPS and Kari Jalonen of Kärpät. The lineup led the Finnish team in points and played well during the tournament but Finland was not able to advance to the medal round.

Kurri was part of the Finnish team at the 1987 Canada Cup and the 1989 World Championships, but Finland was unable to gain success on those tournaments, ranking 6th of 6 and 5th of 8, in those respective tournaments.

In 1991, Kurri represented Finland at the 1991 World Championships held again in Finland. Finland ranked 5th of 8 teams. Later that year, at the 1991 Canada Cup, Finland lost 3–7 to the United States in the semi-finals.

At the 1994 World Championships, Kurri managed to get his first international medal when Finland earned silver after losing 1–2 in a shootout against Canada.

At the 1998 Winter Olympics, Kurri faced Gretzky on ice for the last time, when Finland and Canada played for the Olympic bronze medal in Nagano. Finland was the underdog against Canada, but Finland won the game 3–2. Kurri scored the first goal of the game, which turned out to be his last goal for the Finnish national team.

After retirement
After being long time general manager of the Finnish national men's ice hockey team, scouting players and assisting the head coach. He is now GM of the first Finnish KHL league team Jokerit. In the summer of 2019, Hjallis Harkimo sold the Jokerit to Jari and so Jari Kurri now owns the club.

Personal life
Kurri is married to former Miss Finland, Vanessa Kurri, nee Forsman; they wed in 2004 and have three daughters: Odessa (born 2002), Alissa (born 2005) and Isla (2012), and one son, Paulus (born 2007). Kurri also has twin boys (Joonas and Ville) from his first marriage, to Tiina Kurri. Former linemate Wayne Gretzky is the godfather of Kurri's children from his first marriage.

Kurri is the godfather of Sami Lepistö.

Transactions
May 30, 1991 – Traded by the Edmonton Oilers, along with Dave Brown and Corey Foster, to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Craig Fisher, Scott Mellanby and Craig Berube.
May 30, 1991 – Traded by the Philadelphia Flyers, along with Jeff Chychrun to Los Angeles Kings in exchange for Steve Duchesne, Steve Kasper and Los Angeles' 1991 4th round draft choice.
March 14, 1996 – Traded by the Los Angeles Kings, along with Shane Churla and Marty McSorley, to the New York Rangers in exchange for Ray Ferraro, Ian Laperrière, Nathan LaFayette, Mattias Norström and New York's 1997 4th round draft choice.
September 10, 1996 – Signed as a free agent with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.
September 15, 1997 – Signed as a free agent with the Colorado Avalanche.

Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs

^ Led leagueIn bold are NHL record(s) (tied with Reggie Leach)''

International

Achievements
NHL

SM-Liiga

International

See also
 50 goals in 50 games
 List of members of the Hockey Hall of Fame
 Hockey Hall of Fame
 List of NHL statistical leaders
 List of NHL players with 1000 points
 List of NHL players with 500 goals

References

External links
 }

1960 births
Living people
Colorado Avalanche players
Edmonton Oilers draft picks
Edmonton Oilers players
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in Canada
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in Italy
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Finnish ice hockey right wingers
Finnish International Olympic Committee members
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Helsinki
Ice hockey players at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics
IIHF Hall of Fame inductees
Jokerit players
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Los Angeles Kings players
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim players
National Hockey League All-Stars
National Hockey League players with retired numbers
New York Rangers players
Olympic bronze medalists for Finland
Olympic ice hockey players for Finland
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Serie A (ice hockey) players
Stanley Cup champions

Jari Kurri


Saphan Sung est l'un des 50 khets de Bangkok, Thaïlande.

Histoire

Points d'intérêt

Notes et références

Liens externes

Khet de Bangkok

Saphan Sung


කොළඹ කොටුව පැරණි ප්‍රදීපාගාරය සහ ඔරලෝසු කණුව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දැකගත හැකි, ඔරලෝසු සවිකරන ලද එකම ප්‍රදීපාගාරය වේ. ප්‍රදීපාගාරයක් වූවත් එය වර්ථමානය වන විට අක්‍රීය කොට තිබෙන අතර, ඒ වෙනුවට එය ඔරලෝසු කණුවක් ලෙස ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගැනේ. කණුව, කොළඹ කොටුවේ චැතම් වීදිය හා ජනාධිපති මාවත අසල හන්දියෙහි පිහිටුවා ඇත.

මෙම ප්‍රදීපාගාර ලාම්පුව සහිත ඔරලෝසු කණුව, ලංකාවේ ඉදිකරන ලද මුල්ම ප්‍රදීපාගාරය ලෙසද සැලකේ. එසේම කොළඹ සිට පිට පළාත්වලට ප්‍රධාන මාර්ගවල දුර මනිනු ලබන්නේද මෙහි සිට බැව් සඳහන්ය.

අතීතය
1860 වසරේදී මුලින්ම ඔරලෝසු කණුවක් ලෙස ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගැනීම උදෙසා මෙම කුළුණ ඉදිකලත්, පසුව 1865 වසරේදී ඊට ප්‍රදීපාගාර ලාම්පුවක් සවි කල බව පැවසෙයි. 1913 වසරේදී මෙහි වූ මුල් ඔරලෝසුව ප්‍රතිස්ථාපනය කරන ලදී.

පසුකාලීනව කණුව අවට ඉදිකරන ලද උස් ගොඩනැගිලි හේතුවෙන්, ප්‍රදීපාගාර ආලෝකයට බාධා පැමිණීම නිසා, 1952 වර්ෂයේදී කණුවෙහි වූ ප්‍රදීපාගාර ලාම්පුව භාවිතා කිරීම නවත්වා දමන ලදී. ඒ වෙනුවට නව ප්‍රදීපාගාරයක් කොළඹ, ගල්බොක්ක ස්ථානයේ පිහිටුවන ලදී.

ආශ්‍රිත

ඔරලෝසු කණු - ශ්‍රී ලංකා
ප්‍රදීපාගාර - ශ්‍රී ලංකා


ميريل لينش هو شركة خدمات تمويلية عالمية. تقوم الشركة من خلال شبكة شركاتها التابعة والحليفة بتقديم خدمات عديدة مثل: خدمات سوق رأس المال والاستثمار والاستشارات وإدارة الثروة وإدارة الأصولو التأمين البنكي بالإضافة إلى خدمات مالية أخرى. يقع المقر الرئيسي للشركة في مدينة نيويورك وتحتل 34 طابقاً مبنى (المركزي المالي العالمي - أربعة) في منهاتن. قام بنك أوف أمريكا في 14 أيلول 2008 بالإعلان عن خططه للاستيلاء على ميريل لينش، بشرط موافقة مشرعي ومساهمي كلا الشركتين. سيتم التصويت على هذا العرض في 5 كانون أول من عام 2008 (سعر كل سهم بناء على العرض 29 دولار أمريكي، مما يجعل القيمة الكلية 50 مليار دولار أمريكي)

تاريخ الشركة
تم تأسيس الشركة في السادس من كانون ثاني لعام 1914 عندما تم افتتاح مكاتب تشارلز إي ميريل وشركائه في 7 وول ستريت مدينة نيويورك. بعد عدة أشهر قام صديق ميريل إدموند سي لينش بالاتضمام إليه، ومع سنة 1915 تم تغيير اسم الشركة بشكل رسمي إلى ميريل، لينش وشركائهم.

قامت الشركة في بدايتها بالعديد من الاستثمارات الناجحة، حيث قامت في سنة 1926 بشراء حصة تسمح لها بالتحكم في السيفوي مما إدى إلى تحويل مركز البقالة الصغير إلى ثالث أكبر سلسلة محلات بقالة في أمريكا.

قامت الشركة في السنوات اللاحقة بالعديد من الاندماجات، كما كانت أول شركة في وول ستريت تنشر تقرير مالي سنوي وذلك في سنة 1941. أصبحت الشركة عامة في سنة 1971 مما سمح لها بأن تصبح شركة متعددة الجنسيات.

مصادر

أزمة الرهن العقاري
بنوك استثمارية أمريكية
بنوك استثمارية في الولايات المتحدة
بنوك أسست في 1914
بنوك مقرها في مدينة نيويورك
تأسيسات سنة 1914 في ولاية نيويورك
شركات أدرجت سابقا في بورصة نيويورك
شركات أمريكية
شركات إدارة استثمار في الولايات المتحدة
شركات خدمات مالية أسست في 1914
عمليات الدمج والاستحواذ 2009
تأسيسات سنة 1914 في مدينة نيويورك

ميريل لينش


Paial es un municipio brasileño del estado de Santa Catarina. Tiene una población estimada al 2022 de 1927 habitantes. Pertenece a la Región metropolitana de Chapecó.

Toponimia
El origen del nombre tiene dos versiones: la primera cuenta que Paial tiene su origen en los cazadores gauchos del lugar, quienes se refugiaban en un polvorín (en portugués:paiol), y el término se distorsionó hasta Paial. La segunda versión cuenta la historia de un topógrafo de apellido Bayer, quien fue asesinado. Los locales, debido a la dificultad del apellido, pronunciaban Baiel, Paiel y Paial.

Historia
El primer asentamiento de la localidad data de 1924, cuando se formó una colonia de alemanes provenientes de Río Grande del Sur. El distrito de Paial fue creado el 12 de enero de 1961, subordinado a Itá. Fue elevado a municipio el 4 de julio de 1995.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio del municipio
 Sitio de la cámara del municipio

Localidades de Santa Catarina
Localidades establecidas en 1995
Brasil en 1995

Paial


Prizoniera dragostei (titlu original: A Free Soul) este un film american "Pre-Code" din 1931 regizat de Clarence Brown. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Norma Shearer, Leslie Howard, Lionel Barrymore și Clark Gable. Pentru rolul din acest film, Lionel Barrymore a câștigat Premiul Oscar pentru cel mai bun actor.'

Prezentare

Distribuție
 Norma Shearer ca Jan Ashe
 Leslie Howard ca Dwight Winthrop
 Lionel Barrymore ca Stephen Ashe
 Clark Gable ca Ace Wilfong
 James Gleason ca Eddie
 Lucy Beaumont ca Grandma Ashe

Note

Legături externe

 A Free Soul at TV Guide (a revised version of 1987 write-up originally published in The Motion Picture Guide)

Filme din 1931
Filme americane
Filme în limba engleză
Filme de dragoste
Filme MGM
Filme dramatice
Filme alb-negru
Filme produse de Irving Thalberg

Prizoniera dragostei


පරමවිඥානාර්ථ සමිතිය යනු,  පරමවිඥානාර්ථය වැඩිදියුණු කරලීමට 1875දී පිහිටුවන ලද සංවිධානයකි.

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 පරමවිඥානාර්ථවාදය

පරමවිඥානාර්ථවාදය

පරමවිඥානාර්ථ සමිතිය


US Open 2015 er en tennisturnering, der bliver spillet udendørs på hardcourt-baner. Det er den 135. udgave af US Open og den fjerde Grand Slam-turnering i 2015. Den bliver spillet i USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center i Flushing, Queens, New York City, USA i perioden 31. august – 13. september 2015.

Herresinglemesterskabet blev vundet af Novak Djokovic, som i finalen besejrede Roger Federer med 6-4, 5-7, 6-4, 6-4, og som dermed sikrede sig sin anden US Open-titel i herresingle og sin 10. grand slam-titel i alt i karrieren.

Damesingletitlen blev vundet af Flavia Pennetta, som vandt finalen over Roberta Vinci med 7-6, 6-2, og som dermed vandt sin første grand slam-titel i damesingle i karrieren, og den anden grand slam-titel i alt. Begge finalister var i deres første grand slam-finale i damesingle, og de var samtidig (som nr. 28 og 43 på verdensranglisten) de tredje- henholdsvis femtelavest rangerede finalister i US Open-mesterskabet i damesingle i den åbne æra. Den forsvarende mester i damesingle, topseedede Serena Williams, havde muligheden for at blive den første spiller, der vandt alle fire grand slam-titler i damesingle i samme kalenderår, siden Steffi Graf udførte bedriften i 1988, men hun tabte i semifinalen til Roberta Vinci med 6-2, 4-6, 4-6.

Herredoubleturneringen blev vundet af Pierre-Hugues Herbert og Nicolas Mahut, som vandt deres første grand slam-titel, og som samtidig blev det første rent franske doublepar, der vandt en US Open-titel. I finalen besejrede franskmændene Jamie Murray og John Peers.

Mesterskabet i damedouble blev vundet af Martina Hingis og Sania Mirza, som i finalen besejrede Casey Dellacqua og Jaroslava Sjvedova, og som dermed ikke tabte et eneste sæt i turneringen. Dette var Hingis og Mirzas anden grand slam-titel som par.

Mixed double-mesterskabet gik til Martina Hingis og Leander Paes, som i finalen besejrede Bethanie Mattek-Sands og Sam Querrey. Det schweizisk-indiske par havde tidligere i 2015 også vundet titlerne i Australian Open og Wimbledon-mesterskaberne, og de blev dermed det første mixed double-par i 45 år, der opnåede at vinde mindst tre grand slam-titler i løbet af et kalenderår. Sejren var schweizerens 19. grand slam-titel i alt i karrieren, mens Paes i alt nåede op på 17 grand slam-titler i sin karriere, heraf 9 i mixed double, hvilket ingen anden mand tidligere har præsteret i den åbne æra.

USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Centers tredjestørste bane, Grandstand, lagde for sidste gang bane til kampe ved US Open, eftersom den efter mesterskabet blev revet ned som en del af en større plan for at modernisere anlægget.

Præmier

Den samlede præmiesum for US Open 2015 androg $ 42.253.400 inkl. per diem, hvilket var en stigning på 10,4 % i forhold til året før.

Der var endvidere afsat $ 570.000 til pengepræmier i rækkerne for kørestolstennis og opvisningsturneringerne med deltagelse af tidligere stjerner og $ 1.478.000 til per diem-udbetalinger.

Bonuspræmier

Ud over ovennævnte pengepræmier, var der bonuspræmier til de tre bedst placerede spillere i både herre- og damesingle i US Open Series 2015, afhængig af deres resultat i US Open, som anført nedenfor. Der blev i alt udbetalt $ 1.090.000 i bonuspræmier.

Resultater
Resultaterne fra ottendedelsfinalerne og frem i singlerækkerne og fra kvartfinalerne og frem i doublerækkerne vises nedenfor. For komplette resultater henvises til de uddybende artikler.

Herresingle

Damesingle

Herredouble

Damedouble

Mixed double

Eksterne henvisninger

 US Open

Noter

US Open 2015 (tennis)
WTA Tour 2015
ATP World Tour 2015

US Open 2015


Cette page concerne les évènements survenus en 2016 en Ukraine  :

Évènement
 Dans le cadre de l'annexion de la Crimée par la Russie en 2014,  blocus de la Crimée par l'Ukraine.
 Guerre du Donbass (Chronologie)
 18- :
 Décommunisation en Ukraine
  : Formation du gouvernement Hroïsman.

  : Accord de libre-échange entre le Canada et l'Ukraine
 octobre : Fuites de Sourkov
 novembre : Mise en place finale de l'arche de Tchernobyl.
  : Cyberattaque

Sport
 Championnat d'Ukraine de football de deuxième division 2015-2016
 Championnat d'Ukraine de football de deuxième division 2016-2017
 Championnat d'Ukraine de football 2015-2016
 Championnat d'Ukraine de football 2016-2017
 Coupe d'Ukraine de football 2015-2016
 Coupe d'Ukraine de football 2016-2017
 Supercoupe d'Ukraine de football 2016

Culture
  : Participation de l'Ukraine au Concours Eurovision de la chanson.

Sortie de film
 Dixie Land
 Le Nid de la tourterelle
 La Robe bleue
 Serviteur du peuple 2

Création

Dissolution

Décès
 Arsen Pavlov

Notes et références

2016 en Ukraine
Chronologie de l'Ukraine au XXIe siècle

2016 en Ukraine


Ackerman may refer to:

Surname
Ackerman (surname), people with the surname Ackerman

Places
Ackerman, Mississippi, town in Choctaw County, Mississippi, US
Ackerman, West Virginia, former unincorporated community in Mineral County, West Virginia, US
Ackerman Island, sandbar in the Arkansas River near Wichita, Kansas, US
Ackerman Nunatak, ridge of the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica
Ackerman Ridge, ridge of the Queen Maud Mountains, Antarctica
 Akkerman

Other uses
Ackerman House (disambiguation)
Ackerman syndrome, medical disease
Ackermann steering geometry

See also
Ackerman McQueen
Ackermans (disambiguation)
Ackermann (disambiguation)
Akkerman (disambiguation)
Åkerman, a Swedish surname

Ackerman


Rolvsøya (nordsamisk: Gádde-Iččát) er en ø i Måsøy kommune i Troms og Finnmark fylke i Norge. Rolvsøya ligger nord for Kvaløya og vest for Havøysund. Den har et areal på 89,14 km²}.

Der er hurtigbådforbindelse fra Gunnarnes på Rolvsøy til Ingøy, Havøysund og Hammerfest.

Hurtigruteskipet DS «Richard With» blev torpederet og forliste ved Rolvsøy den 13. september 1941 hvorved 103 mennesker omkom. Skibet blev torpederet af en britisk ubåd.

Referenser

Eksterne henvisninger
 Rolvsøya på Norgeskar.no
 Måsøy kommune: Rolvsøya
 Finnmark Dagblad: Historisk pub i Tufjord på Rolvsøy (30. juli 2004)
 Finnmark Dagblad: Fordobler elevtallet med egne unger (29. juli 2006)
 Finnmark Dagblad: Vil forby jakt med hund på Rolvsøy (8. august 2006)
 museumsnett.no – Rolvsøy
 NRK: Hurtigrutene og lokalbåtene som ble bombet og torpedert

Måsøy
Øer i Troms og Finnmark

Rolvsøya


مدينة الشعفة هي مدينة سورية تابعة لمحافظة دير الزور. وبلغ عدد سكانها 18000 حسب تعداد عام 2004 م أما التعداد السكاني لمدينة الشعفة بعام 2018 وصل لحدود 42000 نسمة بمعدل زيادة 1700 نسمة عن كل عام، وتعتبر نسبة الزيادة كبيرة مقارنة بعدد سكان القرى المجاورة.

الموقع الجغرافي
تمتد الشعفة على محاذاة نهر الفرات الضفة الشرقية وتتوسط حوض الفرات الأوسط. وتمتد على طول 13 كيلومتر وبعرض يتراوح بين3 و 6 كيلومترات مع نهر الفرات.وفيها من الوديان المشهورة وادي *حلوه* و وادي *الماسيين* وفيها بعض الاودية الصغيرة.
ومن السبخات وتجمع المياه المالحة وتسمى بصراة الميتة وكانت سابقاً مجرى لنهر الفرات قبل أنشاء سدالفرات ونحسار نهر الفرات بمجرى واحد.
وبهذا تكون الشعفة يحدها من الشرق البادية ومن الغرب نهر الفرات ومن الجنوب السوسة ومن الشمال أبو الحسن وتبلغ مساحة مدينة الشعفة 80 كيلو متر مربع بالإضافة إلى أراضي بادية الشعفة التي تبلغ مساحتها أكثر من 100 كيلومتر مربع بدءاً من رجم الفريجي ومروراً بآبار السبعة ووصولاً لمنطقة العلوني. وكل هذه المناطق تعتبر سيلات وروضات تكثر بها المياه شتاءً؛ فقد عرف عن أهالي الشعفة أصحاب الحلال قديماً بأنهم في فصل الشتاء والربيع يخيمون في منطقة هذه المناطق بأغنامهم ومواشيهم وعندما يبدأ فصل الصيف يرحلون إلى الفرات.

التسمية
الشعفة من كل شيء أعلاه؛ فعندما يطلق اسم الشعفة على منطقة تعني أنها مرتفعة وكثيرة الاشجار والحشائش والنباتات، وبذلك يكون معنى الاسم رأس الهضبة المليئة بغابات من اشجار الغرب والطرفة والكثبان الرملية التي يخلفها النهر عند أنحسارة.
ومنهم من يقول سبب تسميتها بهذا الاسم هو أن اسم الشعفة انتقل مع قبيلة العقيدات من منطقة حائل بنجد إلى حوض الفرات أثناء هجرتهم بسبب الشبه الكبير بين هذه المنطقة ومنطقة الشعفة في حائل.
فهذا الأمر غير وارد هو تشابة بالأسماء لأن الشعفة لم تكن مأهوله ألا من فترة قريبة عن هجرت العقيدات.
والأرجح تسميتها بالشعاف المرتفعة أصح لأنها كانت تكثر فيها أماكن لا يصلها مياة عند فيضان النهر وأرتفاع منسوبهُ ويطلق عليها شعاف.وبعض الكثبان التي يخلفها الفيضان.
أما بالنسبة عن الشعفة في حائل منطقة سهلية وفيها تلال مرتفعة ويكثر فيها نبات العرفج الشبيه لنبات العاقول في ذلك الوقت وفيها منطقة يطلق عليها اسم طعوس الشعفة أي تلال الشعفة، والشعفة في وادي الفرات منطقة سهلية وفيها ممرات مائية وفيها تلال مرتفعة ومنها الطعس بداية اسم الشعفة الذي انطلق منه ويكثر فيها نبات العاقول، وبذلك هاجر العقيدات إلى حوض الفرات أطلقوا عليها اسم الشعفة مثلما أطلقوا على مناطق كثر من الفرات خصوصاً. وفي سوريا عموماً
توجد في سورية عدت مناطق أطلق عليها أسم الشعفة في ريف أدلب وفي أرياف اللاذقية وطرطوس
ويلاحظ أن أسماء قرى حوض الفرات تتكرر في منطقة حائل مسقط رأس العقيدات الأول وبذلك تكون رواية انتقال الاسم مع العقيدات أثناء هجرتهم من نجد للفرات هي الرواية غير مرجحه.

المصادر

أماكن مأهولة على نهر الفرات
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة دير الزور
أماكن مأهولة في ناحية سوسة

الشعفة


Bauladu (sardisk: Baulàu) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Oristano i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 38 meters højde og har 689 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 24,22 km² og grænser til kommunerne Bonarcado, Milis, Paulilatino, Solarussa og Tramatza.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Oristano

Bauladu


Gérald Fournel, né le 12 avril 1978 à Saint-Étienne, est un footballeur français. Il a évolué comme défenseur.

Biographie
Formé au centre de formation du Montpellier HSC pendant cinq ans, il a commencé sa carrière professionnelle dans ce club pour la saison 1999-2000. Il a ensuite signé, pour 2 ans, au Pau FC. De 2002 à 2003, il a poursuivi au Mans FC (montée en ligue 1 en 2003). Il a rejoint le Tours FC pendant 2 ans. Il a fini sa carrière à Yzeure avec une accession de CFA en national en 2006.

De 2007-2009, il a évolué dans l'équipe Corpo Nicollin en intégrant le Groupe Nicollin dans une reconversion en tant qu'attaché commercial et il a ensuite fini sa carrière en amateur 2011 à Canet (34).

Aujourd'hui, il est toujours attaché commercial dans le Groupe Nicollin et entraîneur adjoint de l'équipe Séniors de l'Entente Saint Clément Montferrier en National 3.

Palmarès
- Saison 95-96 : Montpellier HSC Vainqueur coupe Gambardella
- Saison 02-03 : Le Mans Football Club
- Saison 05-06 : Moulins Yzeure Foot 03 Auvergne

Liens externes

Ressources relatives au sport : Equipe Corpo Groupe Nicollin - Vainqueur Gambardella 1996 - Club AS Fabrègues Montée Le MansJoueurs de l'Equipe Tours FC

Naissance à Saint-Étienne
Naissance en avril 1978
Joueur du Montpellier HSC
Joueur du Tours Football Club
Joueur du Pau FC
Joueur du Moulins Yzeure Foot
Footballeur français
Entraîneur français de football

Gérald Fournel


Arçay se poate referi la:
Arçay, localitate în departamentul Cher, Franța
Arçay, localitate în departamentul Vienne, Franța

Arçay


Grinspoon are an Australian rock band from Lismore, New South Wales, formed in 1995 and fronted by Phil Jamieson on vocals and guitar with Pat Davern on guitar, Joe Hansen on bass guitar and Kristian Hopes on drums. Also in 1995, Grinspoon won the Triple J-sponsored Unearthed competition for Lismore, with their post-grunge song "Sickfest". The name "Grinspoon" was taken from Dr. Lester Grinspoon, an associate professor emeritus of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, who supported marijuana for medical use.

The Grinspoon sound changed to more mainstream rock at the release of the 2002 album, New Detention, gaining fans and peaking at No. 2 on the ARIA Albums Charts; similarly 2007's Alibis & Other Lies also reached No. 2. The 2004 album, Thrills, Kills & Sunday Pills, which peaked at No. 4, won the 2005 'Best Rock Album Award' at the ARIA Music Awards.

The band was signed to Universal Records in the United States by late 1998, and were promoted with the songs "Champion", which featured in Gran Turismo 3; "Post Enebriated Anxiety", which was on the international version of Guide to Better Living; "Chemical Heart", via the internet; and a cover of the Prong song "Snap Your Fingers, Snap Your Neck", from Grinspoon's Pushing Buttons EP, which was included on ECW: Extreme Music. On 4 December 2013, the band members announced an indefinite hiatus to pursue individual projects.

History

Early years
In July 1995, Pat Davern (guitar), Joe Hansen (bass), Kristian Hopes (drums) and Phil Jamieson (vocals, guitar) met at a Lismore hotel, The Gollan, for a jam night—they decided to form a band and enter the Triple J-sponsored Unearthed competition. Their name was taken from Dr. Lester Grinspoon, an associate professor emeritus of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, who supports marijuana for medical use. After winning the competition, with their post-grunge song "Sickfest", they gained considerable airplay and used this to secure gigs. They developed a strong following among the Australian "alternative" and "mosh pit crowd." Their debut was the six-track EP, Grinspoon (aka Green Album), which was released in 1995 through the independent Oracle Records. It contained the songs "Sickfest" and "More Than You Are" that became popular with fans and were rerecorded on later releases.

Grinspoon's second EP, Licker Bottle Cozy, recorded in June 1996 and produced by Phil McKellar, was released by Grudge Records in December. It had a slightly heavier sound than their earlier EP with five tracks including the songs "Champion" and "Pig Pen". In September 1997 they released their first full-length album, Guide to Better Living, co-produced by McKellar and well-known Swiss-American heavy metal producer Ulrich Wild. The album peaked at No. 11 on the ARIA Albums Charts and went platinum with sales of over 70,000 in Australia. It represents the Helmet-influenced alternative metal sound of their early career with heavier songs like "Pressure Tested 1984". The Australian version of the album features five live songs—illustrating the band's sense of humour and ability to play live—and a hidden track, the acoustic "Protest". US branch of Universal Records signed the band by late 1998 and released an altered version of Guide to Better Living in March 1999.

Whilst in US touring for ten months as support act for Creed, Lit, Godsmack and Anthrax, Grinspoon released a six track EP, Pushing Buttons, for their Australian market in September 1998. It featured the popular heavy song "Black Friday" and the lighter songs "Busy" and "Explain". After the intense US touring, Grinspoon released their second album, Easy in September 1999, which peaked at No. 4 and went platinum in Australia. It contained the singles "Ready 1" and "Rock Show".

Changing direction
After a break to reconsider their direction and sound Grinspoon started recording their next album, New Detention, in Sydney's Festival Studios in September 2001 but prior to finishing the studios were shut down and so vocals and guitars were recorded in smaller studios. Further delays occurred after Hopes injured his hand on a studio window. New Detention was released in June 2002 and was more commercial—it peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA Albums Charts and went platinum. The first single from the album, "Chemical Heart", released in February had created a stir with long term fans and the media because it was different from their previous grunge sound. The band insisted the change was a natural one and was an improvement. Nevertheless, the band still performs older tracks in their live shows. They released a four track EP in March 2003, Panic Attack—containing a cover of INXS's "Don't Change"—which reached No. 13 on the ARIA Singles Chart.

In August 2004, they released a new single, "Hard Act To Follow", which reached the Top 30. It was from the September album Thrills, Kills & Sunday Pills, which peaked at No. 4 and went platinum. Grinspoon also performed at the 2004 NRL grand final before a second single, "Better Off Alone", issued in November, also reached the Top 30. The third single was "Hold on Me" released in February 2005. For Thrills, Kills & Sunday Pills, the band agreed that they were deliberately seeking a new audience, claiming they wrote a number of songs for the release and rejected any that sounded like earlier work. It won the 2005 'Best Rock Album Award' at the ARIA Music Awards. They had previously been nominated 9 times.

Grinspoon had built a strong local following after their rise, they were regulars at Australian music festivals. On 26 March 2006, Grinspoon performed "Hard Act To Follow" and "Better Off Alone" at the 2006 Commonwealth Games Closing Ceremony in Melbourne. They headlined the inaugural "Thank God It's Over" in Melbourne, at "BOBFest '06" in South Australia in October and at Odyssey 2006 at Dreamworld for New Year's Eve.

In February 2007, Jamieson admitted himself to rehab due to addiction to crystal methamphetamine. On Andrew Denton's Enough Rope in July, Jamieson discussed his drug addictions, an extramarital affair, stealing money from bandmates, detox and rehab experiences.

The band completed, Alibis & Other Lies in July 2007, as their final album for Universal. It was co-produced by the band and Ramesh Sathiah, who had worked with them on their earliest recordings. Earlier albums before this were pop-oriented rock, while Easy and Alibis & Other Lies were more heavy rock. The first single from the album, "Black Tattoo", was released as a digital download on 23 June and physically a week later. The album peaked at No. 2, their equal highest album chart position (with New Detention in 2002). Grinspoon released a 2-disc compilation entitled Best in Show. The first disc featured their hits and several older songs, like "Champion", which landed the song on Gran Turismo 3. The second disc includes a collection of covers recorded over the years. In the US, all Grinspoon albums had been released on iTunes and other online music stores. The first four were Guide To Better Living, Best In Show, Thrills, Kills, and Sunday Pills, and New Detention. Easy and Alibis & Other Lies followed on 31 October 2007.

Hiatus
On 5 February 2008, Jamieson announced, via the band's official website, that Grinspoon were on hiatus following their appearance at Big Day Out in late January. Grinspoon headlined the Newton's Playground festival, held atop Bathurst's famous Mount Panorama in March, with their song "Lost Control" played in advertisements for the festival. On 1 May, Grinspoon announced they would complete more shows before writing a new album.

Grinspoon recorded The Easybeats' track "St. Louis" for a tribute album, Easy Fever: A Tribute to The Easybeats and Stevie Wright—released in October 2008—while Jamieson's duet with The Wrights on "Evie part 3: I'm Losing You" from 2005 was included. The band contributed the track "Blind Lead Blind", their B side of 2007's "Minute By Minute", to a compilation CD for The Buttery Drug and Alcohol Rehab Centre titled Caution: Life Ahead, which included contributions from other Australian acts such as Powderfinger, Midnight Oil and The Living End, and was released in November.

Grinspoon performed on 26 July 2009 at the annual Splendour in the Grass Festival in Byron Bay. Jamieson then toured with a super group composed of The Living End's Chris Cheney, You Am I's Tim Rogers and Josh Pyke with a 17-piece band in August 2009. The group performed a tribute to The Beatles' White album for its 40th anniversary.

Six to Midnight
Grinspoon's next album, titled Six to Midnight, was released on 11 September 2009 on the band's imprint Chk Chk Boom Records, distributed by Universal Records, which peaked at No. 6. Two tracks, "Dogs" and the first single, "Comeback", were released to radio earlier. For promotion of the album, the band toured in a more intimate setting than most of their previous concerts. On 6 November, Grinspoon played live on Triple J radio and confirmed that "Summer" was the second single from the album.  In 2010 Premonitions was released as the third single from the album.  The band toured for the album including two acoustic shows in London in early 2012 featuring Phil and Pat.

2011–2022: Black Rabbits and hiatus
In September 2011 Grinspoon announced on their website that they are writing and recording their seventh studio album.

In May 2012 the band announced that they were heading to the United States for a month to record the album. The band also hinted that the title of the album would be Black Rabbits. The album was later slated to feature guest musicians including Chris Cheney of The Living End, Tim Rogers of You Am I and Scott Russo of Unwritten Law.

On 23 July 2012, Grinspoon released the artwork of the album on their official Facebook page, confirming the name of the release Black Rabbits.

The album was released on 28 September, debuting at number 8 on the ARIA charts.

On 5 December 2013 a statement on the official Grinspoon website announced that the band would be going on hiatus. A section of the statement reads: "Thanks to all our families, friends, and especially our fans for the support over the last 18 years – it's been a wild ride to say the least. We are still a band of brothers but it's time for us to take a break and recharge the batteries. We're excited to see what our future holds…adios amigos, it's been a blast!"

In August 2015, it was announced that the band would be reforming exclusively to play a run of dates opening for Cold Chisel.

In 2017 the band announced they would be re-releasing a special 20th Anniversary edition of Guide To Better Living and announced an Australia wide tour. The tour was sold out.

In June 2019, the band announced a tour of "Chemical Hearts". They also announced the release of a "Chemical Hearts" vinyl on 11 October 2019, the same day as the first concert of tour. A "Chemical Hearts" vinyl will include the band's favourite songs and tease the possible set-list of the "Chemical Hearts" Tour.

2023
On 24 May 2023, the official Grinspoon Facebook page changed its profile photo to a simple text-only image of "29.05.2023" with no further explanation, fuelling speculation of a new release on 29 May 2023.

Discography

 Guide to Better Living (1997)
 Easy (1999)
 New Detention (2002)
 Thrills, Kills & Sunday Pills (2004)
 Alibis & Other Lies (2007)
 Six to Midnight (2009)
 Black Rabbits (2012)

Awards and nominations

APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), "honouring composers and songwriters". They commenced in 1982.

!
|-
| 2013
| "Passerby" (Patrick Davern and Phil Jamieson)
| Song of the Year
|
|
|-

ARIA Awards
The ARIA Music Awards are a set of annual ceremonies presented by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), which recognise excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of the music of Australia. They commenced in 1987. Grinspoon has won 2 awards from 14 nominations.

|-
| 1998 || Guide to Better Living || ARIA Award for Breakthrough Artist - Album ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2000 || Jonathon Burnside – Easy || Engineer of the Year ||
|-
| | Easy || ARIA Award for Best Rock Album ||
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2002 || rowspan="2"| New Detention || ARIA Award for Best Rock Album ||
|-
| | ARIA Award for Best Group ||
|-
| | "Chemical Heart" || ARIA Award for Single of the Year ||
|-
| Phil McKellar – New Detention || ARIA Award for Producer of the Year ||
|-
| Phil McKellar – "Chemical Heart" || ARIA Award for Engineer of the Year ||
|-
| 2003 || | Grinspoon – "No Reason" || Best Group ||
|-
| 2004 || 23 Hours of Waiting Around || Best Music DVD ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2005 || rowspan="2"| Thrills, Kills & Sunday Pills || Best Group ||
|-
| | Best Rock Album ||
|-
| 2007 || Alibis & Other Lies || Best Rock Album ||
|-
| 2010 || Six To Midnight || Engineer of the Year ||

J Award
The J Awards are an annual series of Australian music awards that were established by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's youth-focused radio station Triple J. They commenced in 2005.

|-
| J Awards of 2007
|Alibis & Other Lies
| Australian Album of the Year
|

References

External links

ARIA Award winners
Australian alternative metal musical groups
Australian alternative rock groups
Australian hard rock musical groups
Australian post-grunge groups
Australian power pop groups
Musical groups established in 1995
New South Wales musical groups
Australian stoner rock musical groups
Grudge Records artists

Grinspoon


Limeira is a city in the eastern part of the Brazilian state of São Paulo. With a population of approximately 310,783 people (2021 est.) and covering an area of 581 square kilometers, it sits at an elevation of 588 meters. The city is situated 154 kilometers from São Paulo, the capital of the state, and 1011 kilometers from Brasilia, the capital of Brazil. Limeira is conveniently accessible from São Paulo via two highways: Rodovia Anhanguera and Rodovia dos Bandeirantes.

In the past, Limeira was a significant center for coffee cultivation and played a strategic role in the industry. It also earned the nickname "Brazilian orange capital" due to its extensive production of citrus fruits. However, the primary agricultural focus in the city has now shifted to sugar cane cultivation. Limeira has gained international recognition as "Brazil's plated jewelry capital" due to its thriving industry in plated and semi-jewelry. More than 450 companies in Limeira are responsible for half of Brazil's exports in this sector.

Limeira is part of the São Paulo metropolitan complex, which is the largest in the southern hemisphere, with an estimated population of around 30 million people.

History

The history of Limeira dates back to the economic exploitation of the state of São Paulo, specifically in the mid-1820s, marking the foundation of the Limeira region. The city's name is steeped in legend, offering an intriguing explanation for its origins.

According to local folklore, pioneers would often seek respite at a guesthouse situated approximately 150 km from São Paulo, near the Tatuibi River. In the Tupi-Guarani language, "Tatuibi" translates to "small armadillo." This resting place became known as Rancho Morro Azul (Blue Hill Ranch) due to its proximity to a striking blue-hued hill that could be seen from a distance.

According to the legend, in 1781, a caravan traveling to the wilderness of Araraquara made a stop in Limeira and set up camp near a stream called Córrego do Bexiga, which is now the location of the Market Model. Among the members of the caravan was a Franciscan friar named João das Mercês, who carried a variety of lime orange known as "picuá de limas," believed to possess healing properties for fevers. However, the friar fell ill later that night and attributed his sickness to the limas, suspecting that they had been poisoned. He died during the night, and the following day, he was buried at the same site along with his untouched Picuá de Lima limes that no one dared to consume due to the perceived risk of poisoning. Legend has it that a lime tree sprouted from the seeds of those limes. Over the years, the place originally known as Rancho do Morro Azul (Blue Hill Ranch) came to be called Rancho de Limeira (the Ranch of the Lime Orange Tree).

Historical Background
The founding of Limeira took place on cleared land situated along the path known as the "Picadão de Cuiabá", an important historical route that played a crucial role in trade and the provision of resources to mines in Mato Grosso.

During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, landowners and farmers from "Cidade da Constituição" (Piracicaba), Itu, Porto Feliz, and Atibaia identified the region as having fertile land for agriculture. They acquired allotments from the provincial government between 1799 and 1820.

The village of Limeira began to develop with the installation of mills and the arrival of slaveholders and slaves. Squatters who had settled in the area were subsequently expelled. According to the 1822 census, the population of the Town of Piracicaba, including the regions of Morro Azul and Tatuibi (both part of Limeira), consisted of 951 free people and 546 slaves.

The road infrastructure connecting Limeira to the capital was inadequate, prompting Nicolau Pereira de Campos Vergueiro to lead a group of farmers, including Manuel Bento de Barros and José Ferraz de Campos, in requesting the construction of a new road. Their aim was to facilitate the transportation of goods from the mills in the region of Piracicaba and Limeira.

Upon the completion of the new road in 1826 and the subsequent formalization of the settlement project known as the Freguesia de Nossa Senhora das Dores do Tatuibi in 1830, the municipality of Limeira took shape. The bustling trade and flourishing development along this road were instrumental in laying the foundations of the city.

In 1842, Limeira was elevated to the status of a village. Two years later, in 1844, the city council was established with Manuel José de Carvalho serving as its first president. In 1842, the village of Limeira was elevated to the status of a town and eventually achieved city status on April 18, 1863. The city's official anniversary is celebrated on September 15, and it is considered to have been founded in 1826.

Limeira holds historical significance as one of the earliest cities in Brazil to embrace privately sponsored European immigration. In 1840, Nicolau Pereira de Campos Vergueiro, owner of Ibicaba Mill, introduced a partnership system by bringing eighty Portuguese individuals to work on his lands. This initiative aimed to replace slave labor with free European workers who would receive certain benefits. German immigrants also joined the workforce at Ibicaba in 1846, further contributing to the transition away from slave labor.

The Ibicaba farm, which became one of Brazil's largest coffee producers during its peak, entered the realm of literary art. In her historical novel, Swiss writer Eveline Hasler accompanies Swiss settlers on their journey and colonization in Ibicaba. In 1996, the property embarked on tourism activities and has since welcomed a considerable number of domestic and international visitors. However, the majority of its revenue is derived from sugarcane farming, as its lands are leased to Usina Iracema.

Today, the Ibicaba farm is renowned for its historical significance and architectural features. It encompasses structures such as the main house, slave quarters, terraces, and dams, which contribute to the city's collection of historic farms.

Geography
Limeira is located at an elevation of 588 meters in the Campinas Administrative Region, 145 km northwest of São Paulo city. It serves as the administrative hub for the Limeira Microregion, which encompasses eight municipalities: Araras, Leme, Limeira, Pirassununga, Cordeirópolis, Conchal, Santa Cruz da Conceição, and Iracemápolis. The city benefits from its strategic positioning along major road and rail networks, connecting São Paulo state to Minas Gerais and the Midwest region of Brazil. It is also well-connected to a prominent railway line that facilitates the transportation of goods from the Amazon region to the port of Santos. Limeira is situated near the Tietê-Paraná Waterway, a significant water route that links it to the southern states of Brazil and the Mercosur countries. The city is positioned in a region characterized by a peripheral depression, with elevations ranging from 500 to 800 meters. Morro Azul is a notable landmark in the Limeira region, standing at an elevation of 831 meters above sea level, making it the highest point in the area. This prominent feature has served as a reliable reference point for pioneers and travelers, guiding them through the vast territories of the region.

Climate
Limeira experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa), with distinctive wet and dry seasons lasting from October to March and from April to September, respectively, and warm to hot temperatures year-round. The average temperature is 19.8 °C (67.6 °F) and yearly precipitation stands at 1300.5 mm (51.2 in). On 17 October 2014, temperatures in the city reached a record high of 38.6 °C (101.4 °F) and its coldest day was 9 July 2011, with a low of 0.1 °C (32.1 °F).

Economy

Industry

Limeira's industrial legacy dates back to 1850 when it first ventured into the manufacturing of agricultural equipment. During the Paraguayan War, Limeira played a pivotal role by producing instruments for soldiers. Between 1907 and 1922, Limeira witnessed the emergence of significant industries, including Chapéus Prada (1907), Café Kühl (1920), and Indústria de Papel Santa Cruz (1922). However, it was after the 1940s that Limeira gained recognition for its industrial sector.

Between the 1940s and 1970s, Limeira witnessed the rise of several citrus companies engaged in orange cultivation and orange juice production. These companies catered to both domestic and international markets, including the United States and Europe, contributing to Limeira's reputation as "The City of Orange". Among the prominent players were Citrobrasil (1940) and Citrosuco (1966), which dominated the orange production sector in Limeira. However, the orange industry in Limeira faced a significant setback when the United States implemented protective measures to support its own orange industry in California. This led to a decline in orange production in Limeira. Additionally, the automotive sector gained prominence in Limeira after World War II, with the establishment of companies like 'Freios Varga' (now TRW) in 1945 and 'Rodas Fumagalli' in 1946.

In the aftermath of the 1970s, Limeira's industrial sector experienced a rapid expansion, attracting the interest of multinational corporations. Among the notable companies that established their presence in the city are Ajinomoto. In 1974, the American corporation Rockwell acquired Fumagalli, and in 2000, 'Freios Varga' became a part of the English-based Lucas Group. In more recent years, Limeira has become a preferred destination for Japanese and Korean automotive companies, including Yacchyio do Brasil, Stanley, Mando, DAS, and Faurecia. Furthermore, the city has witnessed the construction of a new plant by the French company Faurecia. In 2011, Samsung made a substantial investment of $300 million to establish its manufacturing facility in Limeira.

Limeira is renowned for its thriving plated jewelry and semi-jewelry industry, attracting customers from all over the world and earning the city the title of "Brazil's capital of plated jewelry."

To make the city more appealing to industries, The local government has implemented various incentive programs aimed at reducing unemployment and informal labor, which have been on the rise along with the city's population. A significant portion of the population commutes to nearby cities such as Piracicaba and Americana for work. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Limeira had a GDP of R$12.155 billion (approximately U$3.81 billion) in 2017, with the industrial sector accounting for roughly 50% of registered jobs in the city. Limeira's industrial park has been developed and implemented guided by its incentive program, emphasizing its industrial vocation.

Limeira benefits from several advantageous factors for its development, including the expansion of the Bandeirantes Highway (Rodovia dos Bandeirantes), the establishment of the Tietê-Paraná waterway, and the installation of the Brazil-Bolivia gas pipeline.

Commercial and Service Industries
The commerce and service sector in Limeira is vibrant and diverse. The city is home to over 4,000 retail stores and 3,000 service businesses. The introduction of a shopping complex along the Anhanguera Road in the 1980s greatly stimulated the expansion of Limeira's service industry. In line with the global trends of globalization and outsourcing, a multitude of companies have emerged in Limeira, offering support to the city's industrial sector through modernization efforts.

Although the original mall closed in the 1990s, there is still a shopping mall located in the downtown area known as Shopping Patio Limeira.

In terms of public services, Limeira is home to several regional organizations and government agencies, as well as private institutions like CIESP, SENAI, SESI, and SENAC.

One of the main challenges faced by the city is competition from neighboring cities, which offer a wider variety and more convenient shopping options. In some cases, residents may prefer to travel to Campinas or Piracicaba for their consumer needs.
Number of companies in Limeira by sector (IBGE 2001):

 Agriculture and forestry: 37 companies
 Fishery: 1 company
 Extractive Industries: 10 companies
 Manufacturing Industry: 1266 companies
 Production and Distribution of electricity, Gas and Water: 3 companies
 Construction: 170 companies
 Trade, repair of motor vehicles, personal effects and household: 4,088 companies
 Accommodation and Food: 605 companies
 Transport, Storage and Communications: 238 companies
 Financial Intermediation: 73 companies
 Real Estate activities, Rentals and Business Services: 779 companies
 Public Administration, Defense and Social Security: 6 companies
 Education: 106 companies
 Health and Social Services: 114 companies
 Other Collective, Social and Personal: 405 companies

Agriculture
Rural production in Limeira is primarily focused on sugar cane (for ethanol production) and citrus fruits, which have remained relatively stable over the past two decades, with a slight decline in recent years . The city produces over 1 million tons of sugar cane and more than 1.4 billion units of citrus fruits annually . Additionally, there is smaller-scale production of avocados, corn, rice, and beans. Limeira is renowned as the leading citrus producer in São Paulo and is particularly known for its production of citrus seedlings.

Limeira has also developed into a prominent center for plant and seedling commerce, particularly in the Geada area along the Limeira-Piracicaba Road (located at kilometer 120). Notable companies in this sector include Félix Plantas, Bonin Plantas, Dierberger, and Chácara Roseira.

Media

There are two daily newspapers available in the city: "A Gazeta de Limeira" established in 1831, and "O Jornal de Limeira," established in 1982. In addition, there are several weekly newspapers, such as "Folha de Limeira," "Folha Cidade Interior," "Folha Cidade Gospel," and "Cidade Mais."

Health

Limeira is home to five major hospitals, two of which operate as charitable institutions and receive public financial and management support:
 Santa Casa de Misericórdia
 Sociedade Operária Humanitária

The other three hospitals are privately owned:
 Hospital Unimed
 Hospital Medical
 Hospital Dia (previously known as "Hospital Filantrópico Beneficência Limeirense," which has been closed and taken over by the Santa Casa de Misericórdia).

Serving patients from 92 cities in São Paulo and southern Minas Gerais, the Santa Casa de Misericórdia operates as one of the largest public hospitals in the countryside of São Paulo State. It is the designated facility for the Brazilian public health system (SUS).

Sports
Limeira is home to Inter de Limeira (Associação Atética Internacional de Limeira), a highly regarded football club, along with Independente Futebol Clube. The primary stadium in the city is the Major José Levy Sobrinho (Limeirão), established in 1977.

In basketball, the city is represented by Associação Limeirense de Basquete, competing in the Novo Basquete Brasil and the Liga Sudamericana. Their home arena is the Ginásio "Vô" Lucato.

Sister cities
 Saga, Kyushu – Japan
 Ganzhou, Jiangxi – China

See also
 European immigration to Brazil
 German Brazilian
 Piracicaba
 Ajinomoto

References

Bibliography

Notes

External links

 Cityhall official website
 State of São Paulo official website

Populated places established in 1863
1826 establishments in Brazil
Municipalities in São Paulo (state)
Populated places established in the 19th century

Limeira


Champiaceae, porodica crvenih algi u redu Rhodymeniales. Postoji 72 priznate vrste u sedam rodova

Rodovi
 Champia Desvaux
 Champiocolax Bula-Meyer
 Chylocladia Greville
 Coelothrix Børgesen
 Dictyothamnion A.J.K.Millar
 Gastroclonium Kützing
 Neogastroclonium L.Le Gall, Dalen & G.W.Saunders

Izvori

Rhodymeniales

Champiaceae


An Mormodes cartonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni William Jackson Hooker. An Mormodes cartonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Mormodes, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Mormodes

Mormodes cartonii


Marin Topić (Mostar, 3. srpnja 1957.), hrvatski slikar, arhitekt i političar iz Bosne i Hercegovine.

Životopis

Rođen je 3. srpnja 1957. godine u obitelji Danice i Tadije Topića iz Mostara. U Sarajevu je 1981. diplomirao arhitekturu, a od 1987. je u Münchenu studirao njemačko slikarstvo 19. stoljeća. Prvi puta samostalno je izlagao 1982. godine u Franjevačkom samostanu na Širokom Brijegu.

Godine 1989. odlazi u Kaliforniju, a u rodni Mostar vraća se 1990. godine. Od 1994. godine je član Udruženja hrvatskih likovnih stvaratelja Herceg-Bosne, a kasnije postaje član udruženja umjetnika u Federaciji BiH. Izložbom pod nazivom "Zemlja humska – kist i Krist" u mostarskoj Galeriji Aluminij obilježio je 2017. 40 godina umjetničkog stvaranja. Tim povodom Hrvatska pošta Mostar tiskala je poštansku marku s motivom njegovog djela.

Izlagao je skupno i pojedinačno u zemlji i inozemstvu. Živi i radi u Mostaru.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 marin-topic.com

Hrvatski slikari iz Bosne i Hercegovine
Hrvatski političari u Bosni i Hercegovini
Životopisi, Mostar

Marin Topić (slikar)


Norma Gould, née en 1888 à Los Angeles et morte le 30 juillet 1980 à Santa Monica en Californie, est une danseuse, professeure de danse et chorégraphe américaine. Elle est considérée comme une des pionnières de la danse moderne aux États-Unis

Jeunesse
Norma Gould est  la fille de Murray A. Gould. Elle fréquente la Los Angeles Polytechnical High School, où elle obtient son diplôme en 1908. Elle étudie la danse à New York pendant les vacances d'été.

Carrière
Norma Gould, s'associe, danse et enseigne avec Ted Shawn de 1911 à 1914 à Los Angeles. Elle est spécialisée dans les cours pour enfants plutôt que pour les jeunes adultes. Elle danse avec lui pendant une saison de « Tango Teas » à l'hôtel Angelus de Los Angeles. Le goût américain pour la danse exhibition, se satisfaisait des « tango teas » l'après-midi et des « supper club » après le théâtre le soir. Les grands hôtels emploient des danseurs professionnels pour exécuter des thés dansants. Le couple réalise un court métrage pour Edison, The Dance of the Ages, en 1913, une histoire de la danse commençant à l'âge de pierre, progressant à travers les âges glorieux de l'Égypte, de la Grèce et de Rome, dans l'Europe médiévale, et se terminant par la danse contemporaine des États-Unis. Ted Shawn crée, pour ce film, une danse sur la Marche Indienne d'Adolphe Sellenick et la réarrange plus tard pour Norma Gould dans le rôle de Zuleika. Ted Shawn et Norma Gould s'engagent pour une tournée dans les centres de vacances à travers le pays pour les employés du chemin de fer de Santa Fe; Ils atteignent le Connecticut. Au printemps 1914, ils se rendent ensemble à New York. Peu de temps après, Shawn commence sa liaison et sa collaboration avec Ruth Saint Denis.Norma Gould, blessée par se brusque transfert d'affections, fait une dépression nerveuse. Gould et Shawn retournent à Los Angeles.

En 1915, elle fait une tournée dans le sud des États-Unis avec le Don Philippini Symphony Band. Elle travaille avec de grandes troupes de danseurs à Los Angeles, pendant et après la première Guerre mondiale, créant des événements pour des célébrations en plein air et des divertissements notamment l'ouverture de la piscine auditorium de Ventura en 1918.

Dorothy Knapp est une danseuse de la troupe dirigée par Norma Gould à cette époque, tout comme Dorothy Lyndall, la mannequin Bertha Wardell et l'actrice Ruth Wilton. Le danseur Gower Champion s'entraîne également avec Gould dans sa jeunesse, tout comme l'actrice Anita Reynolds.

Norma Gould et ses danseurs apparaissent dans les années 1920 dans des spectacles et des concerts, notamment au Hollywood Bowl en 1927, 1928 et 1929. Ses compositions de danse comprennent The Fern Fantasy (1919), Dianidra (1921), Shepherd of Shiraz (1928), The Twilight of the Gods (1929) et Lenox Avenue (1938).

Norma Gould est affilié à l'Université de Californie à Los Angeles et à l'Université de Californie du Sud, enseignant dans les programmes d'éducation physique tout en dirigeant des concours sur le campus. En 1932, elle fonde la Norma Gould School of the Dance sur Larchmont Avenue à Los Angeles, à quelques pas des studios Paramount. Lester Horton y enseigne. , commente un journal californien en 1931. Elle supervise son programme de cours et de spectacles jusqu'en 1942.

Vie privée
Norma Gould est décédée dans une maison de retraite à Santa Monica en Californie, après de nombreuses années de démence, en 1980, alors qu'elle n'avait pas quatre-vingt-dix ans.

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 :
.
.

Liens externes

, photographies de la collection Denishawn, Jerome Robbins Dance Division, New York Public Library Digital Collection.
.
 "Norma Gould dancers at the Greek", dans la collection de photos de la bibliothèque publique de Los Angeles.

Danseuse américaine du XXe siècle
Danseuse de danse classique
Danseur de danse moderne
Pédagogue de danse
Chorégraphe américaine
Professeur à l'université de Californie du Sud
Professeur à l'université de Californie à Los Angeles
Personnalité liée à Los Angeles
Naissance en 1888
Décès en juillet 1980
Naissance à Los Angeles

Norma Gould


Friendly may refer to:

Places
 Friendly, West Yorkshire, a settlement in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England
 Friendly, Maryland, an unincorporated community in the United States
 Friendly, Eugene, Oregon, a neighborhood in the United States
 Friendly, West Virginia, a town in the United States
 Friendly Islands or Tonga

Other uses
 Friendly (surname)
 Friendly (musician), Australian-born musician
 Friendly (sport) or exhibition game, a game of association football or bandy that has no consequence in a wider competition
 Friendly's, an American restaurant chain
 Friendly Center, a shopping mall in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States
 Friendly Hall, a building on the University of Oregon campus
 Friendly High School, a public high school in Fort Washington, Maryland, United States
 Friendly number, in mathematics, shares a property concerning its divisors
 Friendly TV, a British TV station from 2003 to 2010
 "Friendly", a song by J Hus from Common Sense (2017)
 "Friendly", a song by Sakanaction from Adapt (2022)

See also
 Friend (disambiguation)
 Friendly Hills (disambiguation)
 Friendly View, West Virginia, an incorporated community in the United States

Friendly


Miwa Fukuhara (en ), née le  à Tokyo au Japon, est une patineuse artistique japonaise, sextuple championne du Japon entre 1960 et 1966 (excepté en 1961).

Biographie

Carrière sportive
Miwa Fukuhara monte onze fois sur le podium des championnats du Japon dont six fois sur la plus haute marche en 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 et 1966.

Elle représente son pays à sept mondiaux (1960 à Vancouver, 1962 à Prague, 1963 à Cortina d'Ampezzo, 1964 à Dortmund, 1965 à Colorado Springs, 1966 à Davos et 1967 à Vienne) et deux olympiades (1960 à Squaw Valley et 1964 à Innsbruck).

Elle quitte les compétitions sportives après les mondiaux de 1967.

Reconversion
Après avoir pris sa retraite sportive, Mika Fukuhara devient entraîneur.

Elle fait partie de la famille fondatrice de la société japonaise de cosmétiques et de produits de luxe Shiseido.

Palmarès

Notes et références

Liens externes

Patineuse artistique japonaise
Naissance en décembre 1944
Naissance à Tokyo
Entraîneur japonais de patinage artistique
Patineuse artistique aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1960
Patineuse artistique aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1964

Miwa Fukuhara


Suså Dalbro er en 198 meter lang højbro der går henover susådalen nord for Næstved.

Broen er en del af den nordlige omfartsvej (Ring Nord), der går nord om Næstved.
Broen bære en 2+1 sporet motortrafikvej samt en dobbeltrettet cykelsti og gangsti.

Broen er forberedt til at blive opgraderet fra motortrafikvej til en motorvej, hvis folketinget på et tidspunkt foreslår at der skal bygges en motorvej mellem Næstved og Slagelse (Sjællandske Tværmotorvej), inddrages cykelstien og gangstien, så der er plads til fire spor.

Kilder

Vejbroer i Danmark
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Næstved
Transport i Næstved

Suså Dalbro


Bernhard Martin (* 1966 in Hannover) ist ein deutscher zeitgenössischer Maler und Installationskünstler.

Leben und Werk
Martin studierte 1983 bis 1989 an der Hochschule für Bildende Künste in Kassel und absolvierte sein Diplom bei Harry Kramer. Die wichtigsten Einflüsse waren für ihn die documenta als auch die herausragende Sammlung Alter Meister in Schloss Wilhelmshöhe.

Martin war Gastprofessor (visiting professor) an der Akademie der Bildenden Künste Nürnberg sowie in der Villa Arson, Nizza, und an der Haute École d'art et de design Genève.

Nach Aufenthalten in Barcelona, Salzburg, Frankfurt, Genf, Nizza und London lebt Bernhard Martin seit 2013 in Berlin.

Das malerische Werk Martins verbindet alle verfügbaren Malstile und Techniken von altmeisterlicher Malweise bis zum digitalen Print. Er bedient sich unterschiedlichster Gedankenwelten, massenmedialen Bildern und Phänomenen unserer Zeit. "Wie gesampelt wirken [...] die verschiedenen Ebenen in seinen Bildern. Mit einem Mix aus Stilen, Themen, High und Low, altmeisterlichem Duktus und Plakativität hat Martin wie nur wenige andere Künstler seiner Generation das Image der jungen Malerei geprägt [...]" Ein wesentliches Element und Thema seiner Arbeit sind innere Welten jenseits vereinbarter Normen, wenn Dinge aus dem Gleichgewicht geraten und in eine skurrile, hierarchiefreie Autonomie finden.

Arbeiten des Künstlers befinden sich unter anderem in der Sammlung des Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York, oder der Sammlung Deutsche Bank.

Auszeichnungen/Förderungen

 1990–91 Stipendium des DAAD in Barcelona
 1993 Stipendium des Künstlerhauses Bethanien in Berlin
 1996 Stipendium der Foundation Leube Salzburg, Österreich
 1998 Stipendium der Hessischen Kulturstiftung
 2003 Stipendium Villa Arson in Nizza, Frankreich
 2008 Kunstpreis Junge Stadt sieht junge Kunst der Stadt Wolfsburg
 2015 Fred-Thieler-Preis, Berlin

Ausstellungen

 1995 Ein Bad in der Menge, Galerie Siegfried Sander, Kassel
 2008 Gott und ich wir wissen's schon, Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac, Salzburg, Österreich
 2008 Thema verfehlt, Städtische Galerie Wolfsburg, Kunsthalle Lingen
 2009 Dogma freier Raum, Galerie Thomas Schulte, Berlin
 2011 Eissalon Bernhard Martin, Kunstraum Deutsche Bank, Salzburg, Österreich
 2011 Bernhard Martin / Bell Cazzo – Vita Figa (Part One), Union Gallery, London, England
 2012 Bernhard Martin / Bell Cazzo – Vita Figa (Part Two), Union Gallery, London, England
 2015 Bernhard Martin / Fred-Thieler-Preis 2015, Berlinische Galerie, Berlin
 2020 Bernhard Martin / IMAGE BALLETT, Haus am Waldsee, Berlin

Literatur

 Martin Pesch: Die Welt im Bild. Zur Malerei von Bernhard Martin. In: Kunstforum international. Band 144, 1999, , S. 212f. (monografischer Artikel)
 Daniel Völzke: Atelierbesuch Bernhard Martin. In: Zeit Online vom 30. April 2008.

Kataloge
 Camping – Camping. Klasse Martin, Volksbad Nürnberg, 14.–24. Juni. Akademie der Bildenden Künste, Nürnberg 2000. (Katalog Michael Franz, Bernhard Martin).
 Bernhard Martin, Softcore. Verlag für Moderne Kunst, Nürnberg 2001, ISBN 3-933096-64-2. (Anlässlich der Ausstellung Bernhard Martin, Softcore im Mannheimer Kunstverein vom 16. September bis 14. Oktober 2001).
 Bernhard Martin – touch of charme. Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern-Ruit 2005, ISBN 3-7757-1555-X (Anlässlich der Ausstellung Bernhard Martin, Villa Arson, Nice).
 Bernhard Martin – Thema verfehlt. DuMont, Köln 2009, ISBN 978-3-8321-9184-9. (Anlässlich der Verleihung des Kunstpreises der Stadt Wolfsburg "Junge Stadt sieht junge Kunst" 2008 und der Ausstellung "Thema verfehlt" in der Städtischen Galerie Wolfsburg, Kunsthalle Kunstverein Lingen).

Weblinks

 Temporäre Unregelmäßigkeiten im Geschmacksverein | Bernhard Martin im Gespräch auf eiskellerberg.tv (2015)

Einzelnachweise

Maler (Deutschland)
Maler der Moderne
Deutscher
Geboren 1966
Mann

Bernhard Martin (Künstler)


O ARP 2500 é um sintetizador modular analógico monofônico equipado com um conjunto de chaves de matriz deslizante acima de cada módulo. Estes são o principal método de interconexão de módulos. É o primeiro produto da ARP Instruments, Inc., e foi construído de 1970 a 1981.

Referências

Instrumentos com teclas

ARP 2500


Palawanpåfuglefasan ( eller Polyplectron emphanum) er en fasanfugl, der lever på øen Palawan i Filippinerne.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Påfuglefasaner
Fugle fra Filippinerne

Palawanpåfuglefasan