Schweinfurt ( , ; ) is a city in the district of Lower Franconia in Bavaria, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the surrounding district (Landkreis) of Schweinfurt and a major industrial, cultural and educational hub. The urban agglomeration has 100,200 (2018) and the city's catchment area, including the Main-Rhön region and parts of South Thuringia, 759,000 inhabitants.

Schweinfurt was first documented in 791 and is one of the oldest cities in Bavaria. Around 1000 the Margraves of Schweinfurt controlled large parts of northern Bavaria. From the 12th century until 1802 Schweinfurt was a Free imperial city within the Holy Roman Empire, around 1700 a humanistic centre and in 1770 began the 250-year industrial history.

During World War II, the Americans suffered their biggest air defeat over Schweinfurt in the Second Raid on Schweinfurt (Black Thursday). On 11 April 1945, the US Army invaded the city. During the Cold War, the 1945 founded USAG Schweinfurt had the highest concentration of US combat units in the Federal Republic of Germany. In the northwest of Schweinfurt, an American town emerged, with a complete civil infrastructure including all kinds of shops for 12,000 Americans, soldiers and civilians. Until the withdrawal of the US Army at Schweinfurt in 2014, a total of about 100,000 US soldiers were stationed in the town.

Following German Reunification in 1990, Schweinfurt has become an important traffic hub in the centre of Germany. It has the highest employment density (2015) and the third highest gross domestic product per inhabitant of Germany (2014). The world's largest bearing group SKF, the second largest Schaeffler, the second largest automotive supplier in the world ZF Friedrichshafen and the DAX group Fresenius Medical Care have their largest plants in Schweinfurt.

Some important inventions have their origin in Schweinfurt: the pedal bike by Philipp Moritz Fischer (1853) as well as the freewheel (1889) and the coaster brake (1903) by Ernst Sachs. In 1652, the oldest permanently existing natural-scientific academy in the world was founded in Schweinfurt, the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.

History

Pre-BCE History
Traces of settlement as early as 7500 years ago can be detected on today's urban area at various places. The first settlement of the historic Schweinfurt (Village Old Town) was also on the Main, between the two streams Höllenbach and Marienbach, 1 km east of the later founded imperial city, which corresponds to the old town today. The Village Old Town is in its origins at least 2100 years old.

8th–13th centuries
The first documentary mention Schweinfurts (village old town) took place in the year 791. Schweinfurt gained importance in 941 with the mention of Count Berthold as the first member of the House of the Counts of Schweinfurt. He occupied an important position in the central Reich territory, the Duchy of Franconia. Berthold gave the king of East Francia Otto I. (936–973), who in 962 became Roman-German Emperor, valuable weapons aid against rebellious tribal dukes. As thanks Berthold of Otto I received the counties for the Folkfeld- and the Radenzgau and the Margraviate for the Nordgau, about the present-day Upper Palatinate. Thus he was and from 980 his son Henry the most powerful secular nobility in the area of today's northern Bavaria.

Later supported Count Henry of Schweinfurt (called: Hezilo) the East Frankish Henry II (1002–1024, from 1014 Roman-German Emperor) in the royal election of 1002 and was awarded the Duke dignity of Bavarians. After the election, however, Henry II did not fulfill the promise. Thereupon it came to the Schweinfurt Feud in 1003. Count Heinrich lost all his possessions. The confiscated royal goods formed the core of the new bishopric of Bamberg. Hezilo, however, retained his possessions around the castle hill Peterstirn. The family, in which Judith of Schweinfurt became a central figure in the history of the old Schweinfurt city, died in the male line of 1057 and at the latest this year marks the undisputed end of the important role of the Margraves of Schweinfurt.

To the beginnings of today's old town from the 12th century, 1 km west of the previous settlement between the two streams Marienbach and Höllenbach, there are different views. The from a gradual construction to a planned Civitas Imperii (imperial city), so a founding city, by Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, using existing royal estate, rich. In the struggle for supremacy in Main Franconia (region around the river Main) between the Henneberger and the Bishop of Würzburg, the city was destroyed between 1240 and 1250 (First City Spoilage). However, it is controversial whether this destruction was still in the old settlement between Höllenbach and Marienbach and thus a reason for the rebuilding of the city on the farther west, today's site was or whether the destruction took place here already. In a letter from King William of Holland dated January 9, 1254, it is said that Schweinfurt used to be imperial city (... Swinforde, que olim imperii civitas fuerat). It remains unclear whether rights have ever been withdrawn from the city or whether only reference is made to the city's destruction. However, this letter is the first documentary evidence of Schweinfurt as imperial city and thus as a place with city rights.

13th–15th centuries

The (inner) city fortification of the new city was built and first documented in 1258, it is still largely preserved on Marienbach today. A document from 1282 signed by Rudolf I of Habsburg states that Schweinfurt was a free city within the Holy Roman Empire. By pledge 1309 Schweinfurt came to the House of Henneberg, who maintained from 1310 to 1427 a Reichsburg (castle of the empire) in the old Schweinfurt city district Zürch.

In the 15th century began the construction of a territory around the core city, which lasted until 1620. In 1436, the fishermen's settlement of Fischerrain, which borders on the city wall and lies just to the southwest, whose origins lie in the darkness of history, was incorporated into the city. Due to positive economic development, the city can acquire the suburb of Oberndorf in 1436. 1436/37 received the advice of the city from the Teutonic Knights for 18,000 guilders the castle on the Peterstirn and the associated land area with the villages Zell and Weipoltshausen, which belongs to Üchtelhausen today.

16th–18th centuries

Schweinfurt joined the Reformation relatively late, in 1542 since the city, together with neighboring imperial villages and imperial villages, was completely surrounded by the Catholic Hochstift Würzburg. In a confession change had to be expected military assault. The patron of the city, Count Wilhelm von Henneberg, did not offer sufficient support.

In the course of the Second Margrave War, the city was looted in 1554 and set on fire. This went as the Second City Spoilage in the city history (First City Spoilage see: 8th–13th centuries). The reconstruction dragged on until 1615. In this form, the old town, with the exception of later modernized fortifications, remained almost unchanged until the early 19th century. In 1609 the city joined the Protestant Union. The imperial city territory was supplemented 1620 also still around Madenhausen, which also belongs to Üchtelhausen today. Due to the acquisitions, the territory of the imperial city now had an extension of 17 km from southwest to northeast. As a result of the city of Schweinfurt on the knight canton of Baunach a nearly continuous Protestant corridor was created by the Hochstifte Würzburg and Bamberg in the Protestant Duchy of Saxony.

Schweinfurt joined the Protestant Union in 1609. In the Thirty Years' War it was occupied by Gustavus Adolphus, who erected fortifications, the remains of which are still extant. In 1652 the four doctors Johann Laurentius Bausch, Johann Michael Fehr, Georg Balthasar Wolfahrt and Balthasar Metzger founded the Academia Curiosorum in Schweinfurt, which is known today as the German Academy of Life Scientists, "Leopoldina".

Schweinfurt remained a free imperial city until 1802, when it passed to the Electorate of Bavaria. Assigned to the grand duke of Würzburg in 1810, it was granted to the Kingdom of Bavaria four years later. The first railway junction was opened in 1852. In the following years Schweinfurt became a world leading centre for the production of ball bearings. This was to lead to grievous consequences for the city during World War II.

18th–20th centuries
The year 1770 marked the beginning of the industrialization of the city, with its 250-year-old industrial history. In the first century of industrialization, the chemical and paint industry started in Schweinfurt, with the construction of the Wolf's lead white mill at the Bleiweißmühlenwehr. According to Dr. Ferdinand Gademann (1880–1969), it was the oldest German lead white factory. In 1780 the factory was taken over by Johann Martin Schmidt. Further factory-similar plants of this kind originated at the Bellevue and in the neighboring suburb Niederwerrn.

Following the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, Schweinfurt came to Bavaria in 1803, two years before the Kingdom of Bavaria was founded. 4000 people demonstrated against the Anschluss at the Rossmarkt. After the interim membership of the Grand Duchy of Würzburg (1810–1814), Schweinfurt fell in 1814 to the Kingdom of Bavaria. The villages belonging to the imperial city territory were spun off. As a result, Schweinfurt lost about two-thirds of its territory.

1852 took place with the opening of the Ludwigs-Westbahn from Bamberg to the new Schweinfurt Stadt station the connection to the railway network. With the construction of the line to Bad Kissingen (1871) and the Schweinfurt–Meiningen railway (1874) Schweinfurt became a railway junction. In 1874, a large marshalling and central station was built 3 km west of the city station, at that time on Oberndorf district, the so-called Central Station and today's Schweinfurt Hauptbahnhof at the Bamberg–Rottendorf railway. It was created in a far-sighted manner amidst fields as a passenger and goods main station, with the aim of leaving as much room for the expected industrialization of the station, which also took place here until the end of the 1930s was. The Schweinfurt tram was the first municipal tram in Bavaria from 1895 to 1921 to connect the Schweinfurt Hauptbahnhof with the city centre.

Unlike many other cities, the 1930s were one of the most important epochs of urban development in Schweinfurt. The number of employees of major metalworking companies rose to 20,700 by 1939. This led to a construction boom and set the course for modern urban development.

World War II

In 1939, Schweinfurt produced most of Nazi Germany's ball bearings, and factories such as the Schweinfurter Kugellagerwerke became a target of Allied strategic bombing during World War II to cripple tank and aircraft production. Schweinfurt was bombed 22 times during Operation Pointblank by a total of 2,285 aircraft.

The Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission caused an immediate 34% loss of production and all plants but the largest were devastated by fire. Efforts to disperse the surviving machinery began immediately and the Luftwaffe deployed large numbers of interceptors along the corridor to Schweinfurt. Bombing also included the Second Raid on Schweinfurt on 14 October 1943 ("called Black Thursday because of the enormous loss of aircraft (60) and lives (600+)") and Big Week in February 1944.

Although losses of production bearings and machinery were high and much of the industrial and residential areas of the city were destroyed, killing more than a thousand civilians, the factories were restored to production and the industry dispersed. Although German planners initially thought it essential to purchase the entire output of the Swedish ball-bearing industry, losses in the production of bearings were actually made up from surpluses found within Germany in the aftermath of the first raid.  The decentralized industry was able to restore output to 85% of its pre-bombing level. Hitler made restoration of ball bearing production a high priority and massive efforts were undertaken to repair and rebuild the factories, partly in bomb-proof underground facilities.

The 42nd Infantry Division (United States) entered Schweinfurt on 11 April 1945 and engaged in house-to-house fighting. On 12 April an internment camp at Goethe-Schule held male civilians aged 16–60.

U.S. Army Garrison Schweinfurt

After the war Schweinfurt became a stronghold of the U.S. military and their dependents. Thus Schweinfurt recovered relatively quickly from its third period of destruction. The tank barracks renamed Ledward Barracks in 1946, became the headquarters of the newly founded U.S. Army Garrison Schweinfurt (USAG Schweinfurt). The U.S. Army took over the Luftwaffe Airfield as Schweinfurt Army Heliport and renamed the air base to Conn Barracks. In the course of time, until 2014, they were expanded into large barracks with many hangars, administration buildings, a large event hall, church and sports facilities.

From the 1950s to the late 1990s, a civilian infrastructure similar to that of a small American town was successively built in the northwest of Schweinfurt. As a result of the closure of many other German U.S. sites, Schweinfurt eventually became one of Europe's largest U.S. locations. Including the Brönnhof training area the USAG Schweinfurt covered a total area of 29 km2. Schweinfurt formerly hosted the U.S. Army Garrison Schweinfurt, which the U.S. Army closed on 19 September 2014 due to an ongoing effort to concentrate the U.S. military's footprint in Germany to fewer communities.

Reconstruction and postwar period

A quick, scheduled rebuilding of the city was not necessary due to the degree of destruction of 40 to 45% (see: Cityscape). Like many other West German cities and communities, Schweinfurt also experienced an unprecedented economic miracle in the 1950s and 1960s, and large-scale industry boomed. To counteract the labor shortage, guest workers were recruited from 1960 onwards.

Most of the postwar construction projects were realized under the aegis of Mayor Georg Wichtermann (SPD, 1965–1974), in the city governed by the SPD by an absolute majority. Numerous new residential districts were created. By the Jump over the River Main (starting from 1963) developed south of the Main River the commercial park Port East and the new industrial area Port West. The infrastructure was expanded, with the Main Port (1963) and today's University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt (1971).

After successful reconstruction and the boom years, the time of Mayor Kurt Petzold (SPD, 1974–1992) was marked by consolidation, but also by the oil crisis and recessions, with job cuts in the local large-scale industry. The old town renovation began in 1979, as the starting point of a 40-year-long transformation of the city that has continued to this day, with a change in image, from the gray mouse industrial city to a city with a high quality of life. In 1991, the large Leopoldina Hospital was opened.

The era Grieser 1992–2010

In the city dominated by the SPD, the CSU succeeded in 1992 for the first time to make the Lord Mayor, with the political cross-starter Gudrun Grieser. The Bavarian state government under the then Prime Minister Edmund Stoiber (CSU) sympathetically accompanied the historical change of power and parts of the Bavarian State Social Court and the Bavarian State Statistics Office were relocated from Munich to Schweinfurt. During Grieser's term of office, the economic situation stabilized starting in the mid-1990s, with 4,500 new industrial jobs and around 6,000 jobs in the service sector. Trade tax revenue rose to a record high.

In the Grieser era, the city's new motto, Industry and Art, was developed. A large number of projects, in cooperation with the construction officer Jochen Müller (SPD) gave the city a new face, set new, nationally recognized symbols in architecture and were honored with numerous architecture prizes. Among the many realized projects are the new Industrial Park Gewerbepark Maintal (since 1995), the Museum Georg Schäfer (2000), the Maininsel Conference Center (2004), the Stadtbücherei Ebracher Hof (2007), the Kunsthalle Schweinfurt (art gallery, 2009), the Stadtgalerie Schweinfurt, a 300 m long shopping mall 2009) with redesign of the Weststadt (westend) and the new Schweinfurt Mitte station, the Youth Hostel (2009), the Health Park Schweinfurt (2009) and the Campus 2 of the University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt. The era of Grieser remains to this day shaping the city, like no other epoch after the reconstruction and it changed the city's image lasting positive.

In 1998, German and American veterans and survivors of the bombing raids came together to erect a war memorial to the fallen. 2004 startet the Unterfrankenshuttle (Lower Franconia Shuttle) of the Erfurter Bahn (EB) regional railway with lines from Schweinfurt to other parts of Lower Franconia and to South Thuringia.

Present

The New Hadergasse Project was implemented under the current mayor Sebastian Remelé (CSU, since 2010). Trade tax receipts continued to rise and the city was able to save reserves. These are currently being used for the mammoth U.S. conversion project, which is currently one of the five largest military conversion projects in Germany. The i-Campus Schweinfurt in the former Ledward Barracks and the new district of Bellevue in the former Askren Manor Housing Area deserve special mention.

Geography

Location
Schweinfurt has a central location in Germany and is located about 40 km from Baden-Württemberg, Hesse and Thuringia, in the middle of Main Franconia, Germanic-speaking Europe and the European Union. Schweinfurt lies on the river Main, which connects the North Sea with the Black Sea via the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal. While not being part of any metropolitan area, the city is situated between the cities of Frankfurt (110 km west) and Nuremberg (90 km southeast), both with international airports.

Schweinfurt also has a natural location in the Franconian wine country, at the Schweinfurter Rhön, with the National Natural Heritage Brönnhof and is surrounded by Haßberge Hills, Steigerwald, Rhön and Spessart, with several natural parks and a biosphere reserve. In sight are Steigerwald, Gramschatzer Forest and Rhön. The city is located in a climatically contrasting region, between the summer hot Mainfränkischen Plates in the south and the low mountain range in the north, with international winter sports in Oberhof.

Schweinfurt itself is also a city of great contrasts, in terms of topography, use and population structure. The bourgeois east lies on the foothills of the Schweinfurter Rhön, is intersected by valleys with streams, with the above the Marienbach located old town and numerous detached houses, on the edge with vineyards and the city forest. The west, with the city centre, main station and (former) working-class neighborhoods, has a high proportion of migrants. The almost uninhabited south is the largest contiguous industrial area in Bavaria.

New centrality
As a result of the fall of the Iron Curtain, the economic and geographical situation of Schweinfurt changed fundamentally. In 2005, the Thuringian Forest Autobahn 71 Erfurt-Schweinfurt was completed as a transport Project German Unity No. 16. In 2017 Schweinfurt gained further centrality with the 10 billion Euro transport Project German Unity No. 8. Berlin is now under three and a half hours, Munich from 2:33 hours and Hamburg from 3:57 hours reachable, now two high-speed lines, with change in Bamberg and Würzburg. Berlin and Munich are about three-quarters of an hour faster from Schweinfurt than from Frankfurt. Paris is in 6:22 hours reachable. As part of the Deutsche Bahn Long-Distance Transport Offensive Schweinfurt receives no later than December 2028 a direct Inter City (IC) connection, through the new IC Bamberg-Stuttgart-Tübingen.

Viticulture

Viticulture has probably been practiced in the city for well over 1000 years. At the beginning of the 19th century, Schweinfurt was an important Franconian wine-growing and wine-trading town. At the end of the imperial city period in 1802 there were around 320 hectares of vines, which corresponds to today's largest Franconian wine-growing town in Nordheim am Main. Large parts of today's district, right up to the edge of the old town, are located on former vineyards. Goethe appreciated the Schweinfurt wine and had large quantities delivered. Today, with only 3.54 hectares of vineyards (2017), the local viticulture has hardly any economic, but still cultural importance for the self-awareness and way of life of the city.

The phylloxera appeared in Franconia in 1902 and hit the Schweinfurt area particularly hard. Since the 1980s, viticulture with the leading variety Silvaner has been carried out as planned in the historic wine locations of Peterstirn and Mainleite. Due to the almost complete interruption of winegrowing, the vineyards were spared the major land consolidation of the 1970s, during which the historical structures were mostly destroyed. The small wine-cultural landscape at Peterstirn Palace remained intact. There is a family-owned winery on Peterstirn, where a wine festival takes place twice a year.

Districts
In the Bavarian territorial reform no suburbs were incorporated into the city of Schweinfurt, which is why the urban area includes only the core city and incorporated in 1919 Oberndorf. The urban area was divided into 23 statistical districts, which are summarized in 15 districts (bold font in the table). For a long time, the Bergl was the most populous district, with 13,000 inhabitants around 1970. With only 9,163 inhabitants at the end of 2017, it was only second, after the city centre, with 11,276 inhabitants.

Demographics
In 1939, Schweinfurt had about 49,000 inhabitants. The population reached its highest level in 1970 with 58,500 inhabitants. While thereafter most German cities could compensate for a demographic-related decrease of inhabitants by incorporations, in Schweinfurt the population decreased to about 52,000 in 1987. By 1996, the population rose to 56,000, mainly due to the influx of late repatriates. However, by 2014, the number of inhabitants fell again to 51,600 people, the lowest since the early 1950s. Thereafter, contrary to the forecasts of the Bavarian State Statistics Office and the Bertelsmann Foundation, both of which merely continued the past demographic development, a positive turnaround occurred due to several factors not taken into account: refugees, US conversion, i-Campus Schweinfurt. Since 2015, the number of inhabitants has been rising steadily, most recently to 54,032 at the end of 2018.

Not included in the population statistics are members of the U.S. Army Garrison Schweinfurt stationed in and near the city between 1945 and 2014 with their families. These were at times over 12,000 people.

The urban agglomeration is in the case of Schweinfurt a better comparison size to the population of other cities. In 1994, it had 105,000 inhabitants, fell to 96,600 inhabitants (Census 9. 5. 2011) and then rose again to 100,200 inhabitants (estimate 31. 12. 2018).

Economy

Schweinfurt is known for its metal industry, especially ball bearing plants, FAG Kugelfischer AG, ZF Sachs AG, Bosch Rexroth and SKF. The pigment Schweinfurt Green is manufactured here. SRAM Corporation hosts the world's largest development centre of the bicycle industry in Schweinfurt.

With a GDP per capita of €78,382, Schweinfurt ranks third in Germany after Wolfsburg and Frankfurt am Main.

According to a recent study by the Swiss Institute of Economic Research forecasters, Schweinfurt is one of the fastest-growing cities in Germany. The study confirmed the city, among other things, the highest concentration of jobs in Germany, with particularly high Beschäftigungsanteil (employment share) in the German high-tech sector.

The Contor-2010 study, which was commissioned by the Manager Magazine, ranked Schweinfurt as one of the most dynamic cities in Europe in terms of development opportunities. From rank 63 in 2007, the city significantly improved to rank 16 in 2010.

Notable companies

 Bosch Rexroth, Linear Motion Technology Plant; Headquarters in Lohr am Main am Main
 Carl Kühne KG; one of the two largest German production sites is the Schweinfurt plant on the Sennfelder district, head office in Hamburg
 Fresenius Medical Care; The largest production and development location of the DAX Group is in Schweinfurt, head office in Bad Homburg
 Schaeffler Group (formerly DAX Group FAG Kugelfischer), the second largest rolling bearing group in the world, the largest manufacturing site in Schweinfurt, also the seat of the industry; Headquarters in Herzogenaurach
 Swedish ball bearing factories SKF, largest rolling bearing group in the world; largest plant worldwide is in Schweinfurt; Headquarters in Gothenburg
 SenerTec, European market leader for micro-cogeneration plants
 SRAM (formerly bicycle components by Fichtel & Sachs); European headquarters is in Schweinfurt; Headquarters in Chicago
 Winora Staiger, bicycles [150]
 ZF Friedrichshafen (formerly Fichtel & Sachs), the second largest automotive supplier in the world, the largest factory in the world is in Schweinfurt, also the headquarters of the E-Mobility; Headquarters in Friedrichshafen

Communal facilities

University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt (Fachhochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt FHWS) with the international i-Campus Schweinfurt. The FHWS offers also dual studies.
Fraunhofer Institut für Produktionstechnik und Automatisierung IPA
Academic teaching hospital
Alexander-von-Humboldt-Gymnasium
Many other academies, high schools, technical colleges, vocational and special schools
School of music
Libraries
Museums
Galleries
Theatre
Many parks
Golf courses
Rowing regatta stretch
Swimming pool
Indoor swimming pool
Swimming lake
City beach
Waterfronts

Culture and architecture

Cityscape
Schweinfurt has a contrasting cityscape with old and modern buildings.

Main sights
Schweinfurt's main landmarks include:

 The St. Johannes Church, first written mention in the year 1237, during the Romanesque period. Nearly all European architectural styles are represented in this church, with the gothic choir of the beginning of the 15th century and the baptismal font, with its original painting of 1367.
 The Ebracher Hof is a renaissance building, acquired in 1431 from the Cistercian monastery Ebrach. It burned down to the external walls during the Second Margrave War in 1554 and was reconstructed in 1578. The Schweinfurt City Library moved into the Ebracher Hof in 2006 after extensive refurbishing measures.
 The Old Town Hall was built 1570–1572. It is one of the most famous Renaissance town halls of Germany.
 The Old Grammar School, seat of the local museum, was built 1582–1583.
 The Museum Georg Schäfer (MGS) specializes in 19th-century paintings by artists from German-speaking countries. The museum has the world's most comprehensive collection of works by Carl Spitzweg. Further paintings by Caspar David Friedrich, Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, Wilhelm von Kobell, Wilhelm Leibl, Adolph Menzel, Franz von Lenbach, Lovis Corinth, Max Liebermann, Max Slevogt and Max Beckmann.
 The Museum Otto Schäfer (MOS) with the famous Schedel's Chronicle of the World, printed in Nuremberg in 1493 and further book arts, graphic arts and applied arts by Albrecht Dürer, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Hans Holbein the Younger, Matthäus Merian the Elder, Caspar David Friedrich, Adolph Menzel, Max Slevogt and Lovis Corinth and graphic arts by Olaf Gulbransson.
 The Kunsthalle Schweinfurt (art gallery) also with temporary exhibitions, such as the Gunter Sachs Collection from the world-famous son of the Schweinfurt industrial dynasty Sachs (Fichtel & Sachs) in 2013/2014, with a who's who of international art history and pop art, with works by Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst and others.
 The Sachs-Stadion from Paul Bonatz is a multi-functional football stadium in a spacious park with large trees and many other sports fields. Since 1936, it has been home stadium to the 1. FC Schweinfurt 05, after his first venue, the Stadion am Hutrasen.

The marketplace has a large Friedrich Rückert monument in the centre, around which weekly markets and many city festivals are held. Stadtgalerie Schweinfurt, a 300 m long shopping mall, was built 2009.

Motherwell Park and Châteaudun Park connects the surrounding medieval buildings to the old town.

Music
Vendetta are a thrash metal group from Schweinfurt, founded in 1984.

Politics
 Schweinfurt (electoral district)

Twin towns – sister cities

Schweinfurt is twinned with:
 Châteaudun, France
 North Lanarkshire, Scotland, United Kingdom
 Seinäjoki, Finland

Notable people

Public Service and commerce

Judith of Schweinfurt (before 1003–1058), duchess consort of Bohemia
Jacob Haylmann (1475–1526), architect
Georg Balthasar Metzger (1623–1687), physician and founding member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
Andreas Mechwart (1834–1907), engineering pioneer
Theodor Fischer (1862–1938), architect and professor
Fritz Soldmann (1878–1945), politician, lived in Schweinfurt from 1903
Albert Betz (1885–1968), physicist
Willy Sachs (1896–1958), industrialist, in the Nazi era Obersturmbannführer and Wehrwirtschaftsführer
Georg Schäfer (1896–1975), industrialist and art collector
Karl Astel (1898–1945), rector of the University of Jena, racial scientist, involved in the Nazi eugenics program
Kurt Pompe (1899–1964), Nazi SS concentration camp commandant
Gerhard Eck (born 1960), politician
Ivo Welch (born 1963), economist and university lecturer

Sven Kesselring (born 1966), Sociologist, University Professor, Guitarist in Die Blue Traces

The Arts
Wolfgang Carl Briegel (1626–1712), composer and organist worked in Schweinfurt
Johann Lorenz Bach (1695–1773), composer and organist
Anna Margaretha Geiger (1783–1809), painter
Friedrich Rückert (1788–1866), poet and translator
Adam Darr (1811–1866), composer
Gunter Sachs (1932–2011), art collector, photographer and industrialist
Paul Maar (born 1937), children's books author
Tommy Jaud (born 1970), screenwriter, novelist and writer
Philipp Fröhlich (born 1975), painter
Michael Wollny (born 1978), jazz pianist and professor

Sport

Albin Kitzinger (1912–1970), footballer, Germany international and FIFA continent selection player
Robert Bernard (1913–1990), footballer, Germany international player
Andreas Kupfer (1914–2001), footballer, Germany international and FIFA continent selection player
Edi Ziegler (1930–2020), road racing cyclist
Günter Bernard (born 1939), footballer, Germany international player
Günter Traub (born 1939), speed skater
Remig Stumpf (1966–2019), cyclist
Kris McCray (born 1981), American mixed martial artist
Stephan Schröck (born 1986), footballer, Philippines international player
Thomas Meissner (born 1991), footballer
Johannes Geis (born 1993), footballer
Dominik Bokk (born 2000), ice hockey player

References

External links

Official website
U.S. Army Garrison Schweinfurt
Ron Mihalko: U.S. Army Barracks in Schweinfurt

Videos
(03:58): TV 1 Fernsehproduktion: Schweinfurt from the air
(02:53): Luftaufnahmen360: Schweinfurt and its waters from the air
(06:00): Chronoshistory: The destroyed Berlin (0:00–2:00) and the destroyed Schweinfurt from the air (2:00–6:00)
(45:26): The History Channel: The Schweinfurt Raid. First air attack on Schweinfurt with big losses of USAF on 17 August 1943

1803 disestablishments in Europe
States and territories established in 1254
Franconian Circle
1250s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1254 establishments in Europe
Populated places on the Main basin
Populated riverside places in Germany

Schweinfurt


Chrome OS

හැදින්වීම
කර්නලය මත ගොඩනැගු මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතියකි.එය වෙනත් මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධති මෙන් බාගත නොහැකිය.මෙහි ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් භාවිතා වන්නේ අන්තර්ජාලය හරහා භාවිතා කළ හැකි google chrome web browser මත ධාවනය වන apps ය.2016 සිට Google Play Store පහසුකම් Chrome OS වෙත ලැබුන හෙයින් ඇන්ඩ්‍රොයිඩ් Apps ධාවනය කළ හැකි වූ අතර, 2018 දී නිල වශයෙන් ලිනක්ස් ඩෙස්ක්ටොප් මෘදුකාංග ධාවනය කරවීමේ හැකියාව ද ලැබුණි.

ක්‍රමලේඛ භාෂාව
C,C++

user interface
මෙහි අතුරැ මුහුණත google chrome  web browser මත පදනම් වුවකි.

Google Chrome OS


Eumir Marcial (Zamboanga, 29 de outubro de 1995) é um boxeador filipino, medalhista olímpico.

Carreira

Marcial venceu o Campeonato Mundial Júnior da Associação Internacional de Boxe em 2011, três anos depois de começar a treinar pela primeira vez. Ele conquistou a medalha de bronze nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 em Tóquio, após confronto na semifinal contra o ucraniano Oleksandr Khyzhniak na categoria peso médio. Em seguida, assinou profissionalmente com o Premier Boxing Champions (PBC).

Pugilistas olímpicos das Filipinas
Pugilistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020

Eumir Marcial


Le  lakhon nok est une forme de théâtre thaïlandais, joué par des hommes en extérieur et hors du palais ; issu de la tradition orale et souvent grivois, il est inspiré par des contes populaires, notamment les Jātakas (histoire des innombrables réincarnations du Bouddha) et le Ramakien (épopée nationale thaïlandaise).

Étymologie
Si un khon est un divertissement masqué, un lakhon est un divertissement dansé, nok signifiant "extérieur"

Lakhon pourrait venir du mot javanais lakon (emplacement d'une représentation).

Histoire
Le lakhon nok est une forme populaire de danse qui, à la différence du lakhon nai (joué pour le roi et sa cour), était à l'origine principalement un produit du peuple. Il est étroitement lié aux fêtes et événements se déroulants dans les temples bouddhistes, bien que le palais ait également eu ses propres groupes de lakhon nok. À l'origine, il était réservé aux acteurs masculins, généralement des professionnels.

Ce n'est qu'au  que le roi Rama IV autorisa les femmes à jouer aux spectacles en extérieur.

Au sommet de sa popularité, à la fin du   , le lakhon nok était joué dans près d'une centaine de casinos-théâtres autour de Bangkok. Il a naturellement été influencé par les goûts de son populaire, avec un accent sur les aspects comiques et une interprétation libre du thème.

Le Théâtre national de Thaïlande et les troupes de théâtre des universités présentent encore de temps à autre le lakhon nok.

Analyse
Contrairement au lakhon nok, qui avait une veine comique, le lakhon nai ("théâtre en intétieur" joué exclusivement par des actrices) visait « la recherche de la beauté esthétique ».

Style
La partie inférieure du corps ne bouge pas autant que la partie supérieure.

Seuls portent des masques les comédiens interprétant des êtres qui ne sont ni humains ni célestes comme des ogres ou des tigres.

Musique
 Voir mesure à sept temps

Répertoire
 Phra Law
 Phra Aphaimani de Sunthorn Phu
 Sang Tong

Interprètes
 Paew Snidvongseni

Articles connexes
 Khon
 Art thaï

 Makuta
 Khrueang sai

Références

Liens externes

Genre théâtral
Danse en Thaïlande
Théâtre thaïlandais
Genre de danse

Lakhon nok


Depresiunea Bozovici este o zonă protejată (arie de protecție specială avifaunistică - sit SPA) situată în partea centrală sud-vestică a României, pe teritoriul județului Caraș-Severin.

Localizare
Aria naturală se întinde în extremitatea sud-vestică a județului Caraș-Severin, pe teritoriile administrative ale comunelor: Bănia, Bozovici, Dalboșeț, Eftimie Murgu și Lăpușnicu Mare. Situl este străbătut de drumurile județene DJ571B și DJ571G.

Înființare
Situl Depresiunea Bozovici (cu o suprafață de 9.659 ha.) a fost declarat arie de protecție specială avifaunistică prin Hotărârea  de Guvern nr. 971 din 5 octombrie 2011 (pentru modificarea și completarea Hotărârii Guvernului nr. 1.284/2007 privind declararea ariilor de protecție specială avifaunistică ca parte integrantă a rețelei ecologice europene Natura 2000 în România).

Biodiversitate
Încadrat în bioregiunea geografică continentală a Țării Almăjului (dealurile și depresiunea Bozoviciului), la confluența râului Nera cu apele pâraielor Rudăria și Agriș), situl dispune de șase tipuri de habitate naturale: Culturi cerealiere extensive (inclusiv culturile de rotație cu dezmiriștire), Pajiști ameliorate, Păduri in tranziție, Păduri caducifoliate, Plantații de arbori sau arbusti (inclusiv livezi, crânguri, vii) și Alte terenuri arabile; ce asigură condiții prielnice de odihnă, hrănire, cuibărire și reproducere pentru diferite păsări migratoare, de pasaj sau sedentare.

La baza desemnării sitului se află mai multe specii avifaunistice protejate la nivel european prin Directiva 79/409/CEE din 2 aprilie 1979<ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1979L0409:20081223:RO:PDF  Directiva Consiliului Europei 79/409/CEE din 2 aprilie 1979, privind conservarea păsărilor], accesat la 31 martie 2018</ref> (privind conservarea păsărilor sălbatice) sau aflate pe lista roșie a IUCN; printr care: acvilă-țipătoare-mică (Aquila pomarina), șerpar (Circaetus gallicus), erete de stuf (Circus aeruginosus), erete vânăt (Circus cyaneus), erete cenușiu (Circus pygargus), cristel de câmp (Crex crex), caprimulg (Caprimulgus europaeus), dumbrăveancă (Coracias garrulus), ciocănitoare de stejar (Dendrocopos medius), ciocănitoare de grădină (Dendrocopos syriacus), presură de grădină (Emberiza hortulana), muscar-gulerat (Ficedula albicollis), sfrâncioc roșiatic (Lanius collurio), ciocănitoare de pădure (Lullula arborea), sfrânciocul cu frunte neagră (Lanius minor), viespar (Pernis apivorus), ciocănitoare verzuie (Picus canus) și silvie porumbacă (Sylvia nisoria).

 Vezi și
 Natura 2000
 Lista siturilor Natura 2000 din România

 Note

 Legături externe
 Caraș-Severin, județul cu cele mai multe arii protejate din Regiunea Vest; 10 iulie 2016, argument-cs.ro''

Depresiunea Bozovici (sit SPA)


Dubai Kuleleri, Malmö'deki Turning Torso'nun inşaatının tamamlanmasından sonra Calatrava'nın öncüsü olduğu burgulu binaların mimari açıdan moda olmasından dolayı Sama Dubai (Esk. Dubai International Properties) ve SOM tarafından, İstanbul - Levent'teki İşbank ve Sabancı kulelerinin bulunduğu köprülü kavşaktaki eski İETT garajına planlanan iki burgulu bina projesidir. Yükseklikleri kesin olarak bilinmemesine rağmen kuleler tahmini olarak yaklaşık 100 kat, 350 metre ve 80 kat, 300 metre yüksekliğindedir.

Kulelerin yapımı, kuleler bittiğinde kentte oluşacak altyapı ve trafik sorunları ve şehrin silüetine, kültürüne ve insan psikolojisine uymayan bu proje için şehirdeki mesleki sivil toplum örgütleri ile hiçbir mutabakat sağlanmamasından dolayı mimarlar ve şehir plancıları tarafından olumsuz yönde eleştirildi.

Dış bağlantılar
 Emporis'teki linki
 https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/istanbula-300-metrelik-gokdelen-3429629
 https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/hayat-kadini-3438825
 http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2005/10/25///eko104.html
 http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2005/10/25///eko106.html
 http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2005/10/25///eko101.html
 http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2005/10/25///eko105.html
 http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2005/10/25///eko103.html
 https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/patronumuz-dubai-olacak-kule-300-metre-yukselecek-3432653
 https://web.archive.org/web/20051025230716/http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=167972
 https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/dubai-towers-yerine-kule-turka-onerisi-3463391

Kaynakça

İstanbul'da yapılması önerilen yapılar
Yapılması önerilen gökdelenler
Dubai merkezli şirketler

Dubai Kuleleri İstanbul


Rolf Spinrads (* 5. Dezember 1942 in Bayern; † 28. März 1987 in Düsseldorf) war ein deutscher Fernseh-Redakteur, Regisseur und Autor.

Leben

Kindheit und Jugend
Rolf Spinrads stammte aus einer Düsseldorfer Familie, wurde aber wegen Evakuierung in Bayern geboren, wo er mit seiner Mutter – getrennt vom Vater – seine ersten Jahre bei Verwandten auf dem Land verbrachte. Erst einige Zeit nach Kriegsende fand sich die Familie wieder in Düsseldorf ein. Spinrads interessierte sich schon früh für Kunst, insbesondere Fotografie und Malerei. So gewann er mit 14 Jahren einen Wettbewerb der Photokina. Nach dem Abitur 1962 am Humboldt-Gymnasium Düsseldorf begann er deswegen ein Studium an der Kölner Universität, um Kunstlehrer zu werden. Er heirate Inge (* 17. November 1944; † 8. März 2019 in Düsseldorf) und bekam ein Sohn, Thilo Spinrads. Die Familie wohnte in Düsseldorf-Lohausen, wo sie mit einer Richtantenne auch das niederländische Fernsehen verfolgen konnte.

WDR
Studentenjobs und ein Volontariat führten dazu, das Spinrads zum WDR ging und dort 22 Jahre als Fernsehredakteur tätig war.

Rolf Spinrads war am Jugendmagazins Baff  beteiligt, einer mitunter bewusst irritierend und provozierend gestalteten Sendung. Er schuf gemeinsam mit dem Niederländer Gied Jaspars das ebenfalls 30-minütige Jugendmagazin Okidoki, welches allerdings im Ersten Programm und in Farbe lief. Neben kritischen Themen kam darin viel Musik vor, unter anderem gehörte Paul McCartney zu den Gästen. Es kam zweimonatlich am Samstagnachmittag um 15.30 Uhr, vom 14. November 1970 bis zur Sommerpause 1971. Spätere Heirat nicht ausgeschlossen war eine 45-minütige Sendung im 3. Programm des WDR, die ab dem 13. Oktober 1974 monatlich am Sonntag um 21 Uhr ausgestrahlt und von Reinhard Münchenhagen präsentiert wurde. Die Idee bestand darin, mit einer besonders kostengünstigen Sendereihe das Programm zu füllen. Es stellten sich drei Kandidaten nacheinander vor und erzählten im Studio über ihr Privatleben, wobei man auch Dias von ihrer Wohnung und deren Umgebung zeigte. Um an die Kandidaten zu gelangen, hatten WDR-Mitarbeiter zuerst Leute im täglichen Leben angesprochen, eine Auswahl dann zu Hause besucht und wiederum eine Auswahl ins Studio eingeladen, um daraus die Kandidaten zu finden. Die Antwortbriefe reichte man ungeöffnet weiter und berichtete darüber nicht weiter. Es handelte sich also um eine frühe Dating-Shows.

Spinrads hat auch einigen deutschen Künstlern zum Erfolg im deutschen Fernsehen verholfen, indem er Personality-Shows mit ihnen produzierte, darunter Vicky Leandros, deren Show die die Bronzene Rose von Montreux 1971 gewann, Marius Müller-Westernhagen, Udo Lindenberg und Otto. Letzterem traute er zunächst noch nicht zu, eine ganze Show alleine zu bewältigen, so dass er in der in der ersten Otto-Show, die am 27. August 1973 um 21 Uhr im Ersten Programm lief, auch noch Peter Horton und die Cherry Cats auftreten ließ. Das Publikum behielt aber nur Otto in Erinnerung.

Die bekannteste Sendereihe von Rolf Spinrad ist die Plattenküche, eine Show nach niederländischem Vorbild. Ihr folgte Bananas. Mit dem Übergang von der Plattenküche zu Bananas hatte Spinrad beschlossen, nicht nur Redakteur, sondern nun auch Regisseur zu sein. Diese Regelung war einzigartig im WDR und galt auch für die nachfolgenden Produktionen.

Dabei handelte es sich um den Typ Regisseur, der glaubte, das Resultat wird am besten, wenn er nach dem Grundsatz arbeitet, wie viel hält ein Schauspieler aus, also teilweise menschenverachtend vorging. Nach vier Jahren Bananas folgte Känguru, die erste Show von Hape Kerkeling, mit der er ihn groß heraus brachte. Da Isabel Varell auch eine Rolle hatte, befand er, es würde gut passen, wenn sie mit Kerkeling einen Sketch spielt. Nach dem Bruch mit Hape Kerkeling folgte Frankobella, der Titel ergab sich aus den Vornamen der Hauptdarsteller Frank Zander und Isabel Varell. Es handelte sich um "45 Sketche in 45 Minuten", wobei nur eine einzige Ausgabe entstand, die am 7. April 1987 um 20.15 Uhr ausgestrahlt wurde. Spinrads war bereits während der Dreharbeiten sehr krank und schon vor der Ausstrahlung gestorben. Seit Dezember wusste er von seinem Lungenkrebs, wobei er ungern Ärzte konsolidierte und versuchte, die Krankheit mit einem Naturheilverfahren zu bekämpfen. Er ließ sich von seiner Frau zum Drehort fahren und kommunizierte nur noch per Mikrophon mit den Schauspielern, wobei er noch am Tag vor seinem Tod arbeitete. Am Morgen seines Todestags begab er sich in ein Krankenhaus und schlief dort für immer ein.

Fernsehdokumentation
 Lachgeschichten – Plattenküche, ein Film von Winni Gahlen, 45 Min., WDR und RBB, 2011
 Lachgeschichten – Bananas, ein Film von Winni Gahlen, 45 Min., WDR, 2013
 Chaos im Dritten – Die legendäre Plattenküche, ein Film von Oliver Schwabe, 45 Min., WDR, 2019

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Interview mit Hansi Börs (Bananas Mitglied)

Filmschauspieler
Fernsehregisseur
Deutscher
Geboren 1942
Gestorben 1987
Mann

Rolf Spinrads


The Västra Götaland Regional Council, or, Region Västra Götaland, or Västra Götalandsregionen, is the devolved regional council of Västra Götaland County in Sweden. It was created in 1999 by the merger of the county councils of Gothenburg and Bohus, Älvsborg, and Skaraborg Counties coupled with the devolution of power from the County administrative boards of the same counties, that also merged. Its main responsibilities are the public healthcare system and public transport.

Parliament
The Regional Parliament is located in Vänersborg. Election results 2018:

See also
Sahlgrenska University Hospital
NU Hospital Group
Västtrafik
Politics of Sweden
Elections in Sweden

References

External links

County Councils of Sweden
Västra Götaland County

Västra Götaland Regional Council


Sándor Katona, né le  à Budapest et mort le  à Budapest, est un footballeur hongrois. Il évoluait au poste d'ailier gauche.

Biographie

En club
Sándor Katona est joueur du Budapest Honvéd de 1961 à 1966.

Avec son club, Katona remporte une Coupe de Hongrie en 1964.

En 1967, Sándor Katona rejoint le Ferencváros TC.

Il est sacré Champion de Hongrie en 1967 et en 1968.

Lors de la campagne de Coupe des villes de foires en 1967-68, il dispute neuf matchs et inscrit deux buts. Il dispute un match lors de la double confrontation en finale perdue contre Leeds United.

Il raccroche les crampons en 1971.

En compétitions européennes, il dispute au total 4 matchs pour aucun but inscrit en Coupe des clubs champions, 8 matchs pour un but marqué en Coupe des vainqueurs de coupe et 11 matchs pour 2 buts inscrits en Coupe des villes de foire.

En équipe nationale
Sándor Katona fait partie de l'équipe de Hongrie médaillée d'or aux Jeux olympiques 1964. Il dispute cinq matchs durant la compétition dont la finale contre la Tchécoslovaquie.

Palmarès

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur hongrois
Joueur du Ferencváros TC (football)
Joueur du Budapest Honvéd
Champion olympique hongrois
Footballeur aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1964
Naissance en février 1943
Naissance à Budapest
Décès en mai 2009
Décès à Budapest
Décès à 66 ans

Sándor Katona


Srebrna pepeljuga  (pustenasti kostriš, primorska cinerarija, srebrna prašina; lat. Jacobaea maritima) višegodišnja biljka iz porodice glavočika (Asteraceae) raširena u Sredozemlju (uključujući Hrvatsku), poglavito u obalnim pordručjima.

Uspravne je stabljike, u osnovi drvenaste, naraste od 25 do 60 cm. Listovi su naizmjenični, cvjetovi žuti i dvospolni. Cvate od svibnja do kolovoza.

Otporna je na sušu i niže temperature, može prezimiti do -12°C.

Podvrste
 Jacobaea maritima subsp. bicolor (Willd.) B.Nord. & Greuter
 Jacobaea maritima subsp. maritima
 Jacobaea maritima subsp. sicula N.G.Passal., Peruzzi & Pellegrino

Sinonimi
 Cineraria maritima (L.) L.
 Othonna maritima L.
 Senecio bicolor subsp. cineraria (DC.) Chater
 Senecio cineraria DC.
 Senecio gibbosus subsp. cineraria (DC.) Peruzzi, N.G.Passal. & Soldano
 Senecio maritimus (L.) Rchb.

Galerija

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Senecioneae

Srebrna pepeljuga


Jack Kilby ili Jack St. Clair Kilby (Jefferson City, Missouri, 8. studenog 1923. – Dallas, Teksas, 20. lipnja 2005.), američki inženjer i izumitelj. Diplomirao elektrotehniku (1947.) na Wisconsinskom sveučilištu u Milwaukeeju. Radio za tvrtku Texas Instruments (od 1958.) te kao profesor na Teksaškom sveučilištu (od 1978. do 1984.). Izradio je, dodavanjem različitih nečistoća u pločicu germanija, prvi elektronički sklop (1959.) te izumio elektronički džepni kalkulator baziran na integriranim krugovima (1967.). Za doprinos razvoju integriranih krugova s H. Kroemerom i Ž. I. Alfjorovom 2000. dobio Nobelovu nagradu za fiziku.

Integrirani krug

Integrirani krug ili integrirani sklop (prema lat. integrare: uspostaviti, obnoviti) je minijaturni, složeni elektronički sklop koji upravlja elektroničkim signalima u gotovo svim elektroničkim uređajima. Monolitni integrirani krug sastoji se od tanke pločice poluvodiča, najčešće silicija, u koji se dodaju primjese (na primjer bor, fosfor, arsen) i ostvaruju različite poluvodičke strukture, a one djeluju kao pojedini elektronički dijelovi (tranzistor, dioda, električni otpornik, električni kondenzator i drugo). Tisuće je takvih dijelova (komponenata) integrirano i povezano u jednom integriranom krugu. Tako na primjer integrirani krug vrlo visokoga stupnja integracije sadrži više od milijardu tranzistora i drugih elektroničkih dijelova. Integrirani krug obavlja zadaće koje su nekoć obavljali sklopovi pojedinačnih dijelova, ali je u usporedbi s njima manjih mjera (dimenzija), jeftiniji u proizvodnji, brži i pouzdaniji u radu, a troši manje energije.

Prve integrirane krugove patentirali su 1959., neovisno jedan o drugome, Amerikanci J. Kilby i Robert Noyce. U 1960-ima razvijeni su prvi integrirani krugovi za upravljanje raketama i umjetnim satelitima. Primjena se proširila na džepne kalkulatore i elektroničke satove, elektronička računala, mobitele i drugo.

Prema vrsti primijenjenih tranzistora razlikuju se bipolarni i unipolarni integrirani sklopovi. Iako se s bipolarnima postižu veće brzine rada, nedostatak im je veća potrošnja električne energije i veće dimenzije dijelova. Unipolarni sklopovi nazivaju se i MOS integriranim sklopovima (eng. Metal Oxide Semiconductor) prema MOSFET-u najviše korištenoj vrsti unipolarnoga tranzistora. MOSFET je svojstven da radi s malim električnim strujama i vrlo je malih izmjera (dimenzije), što omogućuje integraciju iznimno velikoga broja takvih dijelova u poluvodičkoj pločici. Upravo je razvoj MOS-tehnologije omogućio sklopove složenih funkcija.

Proizvodnja integriranih krugova započinje pripremom poluvodičke (silicijske) ploče (eng. wafer) kao temeljnim materijalom. Početni je promjer ploče 2,5 do 30 centimetara. Nacrt sklopa projektira se računalom i pretvara u mikroskopske nacrte (maske), s pomoću kojih se selektivnim unošenjem primjesa (difuzijom i implantacijom) te izolacijskih i vodljivih slojeva određuju vrste, dimenzije, raspored i povezanost elemenata u sklopovima. Oni se na jednoj poluvodičkoj ploči izrađuju u stotinama primjeraka. Dovršena se ploča reže na male pločice (engl. chips), to jest na pojedinačne integrirane krugove, kojima se dodaju priključci i ugrađuje ih se u kućišta s izvodima prikladnima za ugradnju u elektroničke uređaje.

Izvori

Američki izumitelji
Znanstvenici i istraživači na području elektrotehnike
Dobitnici Nobelove nagrade za fiziku

Jack Kilby


ෂාවන්ගන්ක් යනු එක්සත් ජනපදයේ, නිව්යෝර්ක්හී, අල්ස්ටර් කෝරළයෙහි,   වයඹ දිගින් පිහිටි  නගරයකි.

ආශ්‍රිත

ෂාවන්ගන්ක්, නිව්යෝර්ක්


Aventurile lui Arsène Lupin () este un film din 1957 regizat de Jacques Becker. A a fost prezentat la  a 7-a ediție a Festivalului International de Film de la Berlin. Filmul este urmat de Signé Arsène Lupin.

Distribuție

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
1957 în film
Listă de filme polițiste din anii 1950

Filme din 1957

Filme regizate de Jacques Becker
Filme polițiste

Filme italiene

Arsène Lupin

Filme franțuzești
Filme în limba franceză
Filme Gaumont

Aventurile lui Arsene Lupin


José María Núñez Urrezola (Tolosa, Guipúzcoa, España, 22 de enero de 1952) es un exfutbolista español que jugaba como defensa. El principal equipo de su carrera deportiva fue el Athletic Club, con el que disputó un total 258 encuentros y anotó dos goles.

Trayectoria
Formó parte de la disciplina del Bilbao Athletic desde 1971, equipo con el que disputó cincuenta y seis partidos hasta que promocionó al Athletic Club en 1973. Con el primer equipo, participó en apenas trece encuentros en tres temporadas —la primera de ellas se cerró sin participación alguna—, por lo que decidió abandonar Bilbao en busca de minutos. Se incorporó así al Real Sporting de Gijón en 1976 —cedido por dos temporadas como parte del traspaso de Ignacio Churruca—, con el que jugó treinta y un encuentros en la campaña 1976-77 y logró ascender a Primera División como campeón de la categoría. En la temporada 1977-78 jugó veinte encuentros con el Sporting y regresó al Athletic para la campaña 1978-79.

Se mantuvo en el equipo durante ocho temporadas en las que llegó a jugar 245 partidos, en los que anotó dos goles, y logró ganar el campeonato de Primera División en las campañas 1982-83 y 1983-84. En esta última conquistó, además, la Copa del Rey, por lo que también se proclamó campeón de la Supercopa de España de 1984. En 1986 abandonó definitivamente el Athletic Club y se incorporó al Sestao S. C., con el que disputó dos temporadas en Segunda División antes de colgar las botas en 1988.

Clubes

Palmarés

Campeonatos nacionales

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Futbolistas de Guipúzcoa
Futbolistas de la cantera del Athletic Club
Futbolistas del Bilbao Athletic
Futbolistas del Athletic Club en los años 1970
Futbolistas del Athletic Club en los años 1980
Futbolistas del Real Sporting de Gijón en los años 1970
Futbolistas del Sestao Sport Club
Futbolistas de la Selección de fútbol del País Vasco
Nacidos en Tolosa (Guipúzcoa)

José María Núñez Urrezola


Cypern deltog i vinter-OL 2018 i Pyeongchang, Sydkorea i perioden 9. – 25. februar 2018.

Discipliner
Cypern deltog i følgende sportsgrene:

Medaljer

Lande ved vinter-OL 2018
2018

Cypern ved vinter-OL 2018


Eggman or Egg Man may refer to:
 "Egg Man", a song by the Beastie Boys
 Doctor Eggman, also known as Doctor Ivo Robotnik, a fictional character and the main antagonist of Sega's Sonic the Hedgehog series.
 Eggman, a moniker used by Sice Rowbottom, formerly of the Boo Radleys
 Eggman, a character mentioned in the Beatles' 1967 song "I Am the Walrus"
 The Egg Man, a fictional character in the John Waters film Pink Flamingos
 Susan Eggman, California state assemblymember

Eggman


O Miss Universo 2023 será a 72ª edição do concurso de beleza Miss Universo. A final está marcada para o dia 18 de novembro em San Salvador, El Salvador, e ao final do evento R'Bonney Gabriel, dos Estados Unidos, coroará sua sucessora.

Antecedentes

A sede
Durante os momentos finais do Miss Universo 2022 a Telemundo exibiu um vídeo institucional do governo de El Salvador em que o presidente Nayib Bukele anunciou oficialmente que o país seria a sede do concurso. Ele divulgou o vídeo também em sua conta no Twitter e escreveu: "nos vemos logo".

Primeiras mudanças sob a nova gestão
Esta será a primeira edição do concurso sob o total comando da empresária transexual tailandesa Anne Jakrajutatip, que comprou o concurso em meados de 2022 e o somou ao portfólio de sua holding, o "JKN Global Group". Ao assumir o concurso, Jakrajutatip mudou a forma de negociação da Organização Miss Universo (MUO - Miss Universe Organization), implementando um novo modelo, em que a venda das franquias passou a ser feita por leilão, sendo a licença para realizar os concursos nacionais ligados aos Miss Universo vendida para aquele "licitante que pagasse o maior valor financeiro". O novo modelo, no entanto, desagradou alguns franqueados, que decidiram devolver as suas licenças.

Entre os que desisitiram das franquias estão o diretor do Miss Belize, Romeo Escobar, que explicou:  "recentemente a Organização Miss Universo foi comprada pelo JKN Global Group. Com isso, muitas mudanças foram feitas e a implementação de um novo modelo de negócios começou a funcionar. Isto incluiu uma nova forma de compra ou renovação de nossas licenças, o que não se alinha com a forma como conduzo os meus negócios e não acredito que seja uma forma sustentável de manter uma parceria de longo prazo com os diretores. Por causa disso, decidi me separar do Miss Universo e desistir da franquia". Também foram devolvidas as franquias da Argentina, Camboja, Gana, Maurício e Seychelles, cujos diretores antigos alegaram "incompatibilidade de príncipios". Nas Ilhas Cayman, onde a licença era de responsabilidade do departamento de Turismo, as autoridades também decidiram encerrar a parceria.

Dentro do novo modelo de negócios, Indonésia, Malásia e Vietnã tiveram seus franqueados trocados.

Estreias, retornos e retiradas
Em 21 de maio, o site oficial do concurso anunciava que os seguintes países estavam com novos franqueados e iriam retornar ao concurso nesta edição: Bangladesh, Egito, Guiana, Hungria, Irlanda, Letônia, Mongólia e Zimbábue. Além disso, o Paqusitão deveria enviar uma candidata pela primeira vez, sob a coordenação de Yugen Publishing and Marketing, o mesmo responsável pelo Miss Bahrein. Quanto às retiradas, então Armênia, Belize e Butão não estavam na lista.

Transmissão televisiva
Após em 2022 o concurso não ter sido transmitido numa grande TV aberta nos Estados Unidos pela primeira vez, no início de agosto de 2023 a MUO anunciou que um novo contrato com o Canal Roku para a transmissão global através de streaming e com a Telemundo para os falantes de espanhol nos Estados Unidos havia sido fechado.

Escândalo no Miss Indonésia e Miss Malásia
A nova dona da franquia do Miss Indonésia, a celebridade televisiva Poppy Capella (que havia substituído o antigo parceiro Puteri Indonesia), acabou envolvida numa polêmica quando sete candidatas relataram após a final do certame que haviam sofrido abusos durante as provas preliminares dois dias antes da final. Elas relataram que haviam sido obrigadas a tirar as roupas, que teriam sido fotografadas nuas e ao menos uma delas disse ter sido vítima de falas negativas sobre seu corpo. O caso foi parar na polícia, que abriu uma investigação, e o Ministério do Turismo do país, preocupado com a repercusão, proibiu inicialmente a participação da vencedora, Fabienne Nicole, no Miss Universo enquanto as circunstâncias não fosse esclarecidas.

Capella emitiu um comunicado no Instagram, na conta do concurso, negando que soubesse de algo e que não estava presente durante as provas. No entanto, a MUO encerrou a parceria com ela, que também detinha a franquia do Miss Malásia, que acabou temporariamente suspenso. "À luz do que soubemos que aconteceu no Miss Universo Indonésia, tornou-se claro que esta franquia não correspondeu aos padrões e à ética da nossa marca", dizia o comunicado da MUO.

Antes, no dia 07 de agosto, o Miss Universe Indonesia já havia emitido um comunicado negando que a coroa havia sido vendida, após rumores circularem na internet.

Candidatas
Até 22 de outubro 86 candidatas haviam sido eleitas, faltando Bulgária da lista abaixo.

Ligações externas
 Veja a cobertura no portal Conan Daily
 Veja a cobertura no portal Gossip Vzla

El Salvador
2023
Concursos de beleza de 2023

Miss Universo 2023


Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin e.V. (DGAUM) ist eine gemeinnützige, wissenschaftlich-medizinische Fachgesellschaft mit Sitz in München.

Publikationsorgan
Publikationsorgan der DGAUM ist die Fachzeitschrift Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin (ASU). ASU ist die führende deutschsprachige Fachzeitschrift für die gesamte Arbeitsmedizin und informiert Betriebsärzte, Arbeitsmediziner und alle an der betrieblichen Prävention Beteiligten über aktuelle Themen aus Forschung und Praxis. Vertreter und Mitglieder der DGAUM publizieren regelmäßig wissenschaftliche Forschungsergebnisse und Praxisbeiträge zu arbeits- und umweltmedizinischen Themen. Als langjähriger Organpartner ist die DGAUM verantwortlich für die Auswahl der Beiträge der Rubrik "Wissenschaft".

Arbeitsgruppen
Es gibt folgende Arbeitsgruppen, die bestimmte Themen wissenschaftlich bearbeiten und Stellungnahmen und Empfehlungen herausgeben:
 Arbeitsphysiologie
 Atemwege/Lunge
 Epidemiologie
 Gefahrstoffe
 Lehre
 Psychische Gesundheit bei der Arbeit
 Umweltmedizin

Leitlinienarbeit
Innerhalb der DGAUM werden bereits seit vielen Jahren Leitlinien zu arbeitsmedizinischen und umweltmedizinischen Sachverhalten erarbeitet. Darüber hinaus beteiligt sich die DGAUM auch an Leitlinien, die unter  der Federführung anderer Fachgesellschaften erstellt werden (z. B. Nationale Versorgungsleitlinien, Tabakabhängigkeit). Der Arbeitskreis Leitlinien berät den Vorstand der DGAUM insbesondere auch bei der Auswahl geeigneter  Leitlinien-Themen, wobei die Häufigkeit oder Bedeutung von  Fragestellungen in der betriebsärztlichen bzw. umweltmedizinischen  Praxis wesentliche Kriterien darstellen. Die unter Federführung der DGAUM erstellten Leitlinien lassen sich grob vier Gruppen zuordnen:
Diagnostik und Begutachtung von Berufskrankheiten (z. B. asbestbedingte Erkrankungen)
Betriebsärztliche Tätigkeit bzw. arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorge bei "Arbeiten unter Einwirkung von Gefahrstoffen" (z. B. Blei, Quecksilber)
(Diagnostische) Verfahren (z. B. Bestimmung der Herzratenvariabilität, Oberflächenelektromyographie)
Bewertung besonderer Gefährdungen (z. B. Klima, Händigkeit)

Weblinks
 dgaum.de – Offizielle Website
 Eintrag im Lobbyregister des Deutschen Bundestages

Einzelnachweise

Arbeitsmedizin
Organisation (Arbeitsmedizin)
Gegründet 1962
Verein (München)


Carl Schuster (* 2. Oktober 1907 in Kaiserslautern; † 21. März 2004 in München) war ein deutscher Journalist und Schriftsteller.

Leben
Carl Schuster wurde in Kaiserslautern geboren. Er absolvierte die Handelsschule, machte eine Buchhändlerlehre und eine Ausbildung zum Verlagsbuchhändler. Er arbeitete in Verlagen in Berlin, Heidelberg und Neustadt an der Weinstraße. Er verlegte im Herbst 1937 seinen Wohnsitz nach München, wo er als Lektor arbeitete. Im Dezember 1939 wurde er eingezogen und nach seiner Ausbildung in Landsberg am Lech zum Funker kam er mit der Artillerie 2/636, einer 21. Mörsereinheit, erst nach Frankreich an die Maginot-Linie und dann nach Russland an die Festung Demjansk. Am 4. Januar 1943 wurde er durch eine Panzergranate schwer verwundet. Nach seiner Genesung arbeitete er ab Februar 1944 als Verlagsleiter beim Verlag Junker und Dünnhaupt in Dessau.

Am 5. August 1945 wurde Carl Schuster durch die russische Geheimpolizei verhaftet, angeblich wegen Teilnahme am Aufbau einer liberal-demokratischen Partei. Am 28. September 1945 wurde er  aus dem Gefängnis entlassen und floh in den Westen. Nach seiner Rückkehr nach München Anfang 1945 war er einer der ersten, die von der amerikanischen Besatzungsmacht die Erlaubnis zu journalistischem Arbeiten in München erhielten.

Carl Schuster arbeitete als freier Journalist und Buchautor. Er schrieb vor allem als Münchner Korrespondent für Die Rheinpfalz und die Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung. Zeitweise war er für zehn unterschiedliche Zeitungen als freier Mitarbeiter tätig, verfasste Artikel über Politik und Kunst. Er war fast 50 Jahre Chefredakteur der Zeitschrift "Stimme der Pfalz", einer regionalen Kulturzeitschrift, die er ab 1950 aufgebaut hatte. Im Sommer 1976 organisierte er zur 200-Jahr-Feier der USA eine Ausstellung im Bayerischen Landtag in München, anlässlich des Sieges bei der Schlacht von Yorktown, an der auch ein pfälzisches Regiment beteiligt  war.

Er schrieb zahlreiche Artikel unter anderem auch unter den Pseudonymen C .Th. Sutor, Simon Faber und Alexander Ludovici. Zum 70. Geburtstag des bayerischen Landtagspräsidenten Rudolf Hanauer veröffentlichte er ein Buch mit dem Titel "Suche nach einer besseren Welt". Diese Reden hatte er als Ghostwriter für Hanauer in den Jahren 1960 bis 1978 verfasst.

1948/49 war er Gründungsmitglied des Vereins "Bund der Pfalzfreunde in Bayern" und des "Landesverbandes der Pfälzer Bayern", der die Pfälzer Weinstube in der Münchner Residenz betreibt.

Schuster war seit Anfang 1951 verheiratet mit Hildegard Schuster, geb. Peschke und hatte zwei Kinder. Er verstarb am 21. März 2004, seine Urne befindet sich auf dem Nordfriedhof in München.

Auszeichnungen
 1976: Ehrung des US-Botschafters für außerordentliche Leistungen anlässlich der 200-Jahr-Feier der USA
 1991: Regionaler Medienpreis der Kulturzeitschrift "Stimme der Pfalz"
 1992: Verdienstmedaille des Landesverbandes der Pfälzer
 1994: Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande
 1995: Verleihung der Johann Christian von Hofenfels-Medaille an Carl Schuster im Bayerischen Landtag durch Johann Böhm

Veröffentlichungen
 "Suche nach einer besseren Welt"; Rudolf Hanauer, Aufsätze und Reden – verfasst von dem Ghostwriter Carl Schuster. Josef Keller Verlag, Starnberg, 1978, ISBN 3-7808-0115-9
 Eine Ehe zur Linken. Die Forbachs im Zeitalter der Revolutionen. Am Wochenende. Beilage der Saarbrücker Zeitung, 1981, Nr. 47
 Giordano Bruno – Der Ketzer, der Gott im All begegnete. R.G. Fischer Verlag, 1989, ISBN 3-88323-947-X
 Spiegelgespräche des Johann Christian Hofenfels. Pfälzische Verlagsanstalt, Landau/Pfalz, 1990, ISBN 3-87629-184-4
 Die Leute von AIPOTU – Im Feuerschein der Zeitenwende (als. C. Th. Sumor). R.G. Fischer Verlag, 1992, ISBN 3-89406-543-5
 Die sechs Leben der Brüder Denis. Verlag Pfälzer Kunst – Dr. Hans Blinn, 1995, ISBN 3-922580-53X
 D E R  F A L L  T 0 R T 0 R 0 T 0 T, Eine Traumstadt-Geschichte-Psychogramm einer Straße, Carl Schuster, Eigendruck, 2015, ISBN 978-3-00-048778-1

Quellen
 Karl Heinz: Eine Laudatio, die keine sein soll: Carl Schuster zum Achtzigsten. Zeitschrift "Stimme der Pfalz" 1987: 3. Quartal, Heft Nr. 3, Jahrgang 38, S. 7
 Grußworte von Wilhelm Vorndran, Präsident des Bayerischen Landtages anlässlich der Verleihung des "Medienpreises Pfalz 1991" an Carl Schuster, Dr. Hans Blinn, Michael Burg und Franz Josef Bettag, Zeitschrift "Stimme der Pfalz": 1992: 2. Quartal, Heft Nr. 2, Jahrgang 43
 Dirk Klose: Der Pionier von Bayern-Pfalz, Carl Schuster, langjähriger Redakteure der "Stimme der Pfalz" und Publizist, konnte seinen 95. Geburtstag begehen. Zeitschrift "Stimme der Pfalz": 2002: 4. Quartal, 4. Heft, Jahrgang 53, S. 14
 Hans Blinn: In memoriam Carl Schuster, der langjährige Redakteur unserer Zeitschrift ist im Alter von 96 Jahren gestorben. Zeitschrift "Stimme der Pfalz": 2004: 2. Quartal, 2. Heft, Jahrgang 55, S. 16

Weblinks
 Webpräsenz von Claus Schuster.

Journalist (Deutschland)
Chefredakteur
Autor
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes am Bande
Person (Kaiserslautern)
Deutscher
Geboren 1907
Gestorben 2004
Mann

Carl Schuster (Journalist)


Mäusbach steht für folgende Fließgewässer:

 Mäusbach (Dörschbach) , rechter Zufluss des  Dörschbachs bei Riegelsberg, Regionalverband Saarbrücken, Saarland
 Mäusbach (Hafenlohr), linker Zufluss der Hafenlohr vor Lichtenau, Gemeinde Rothenbuch, Landkreis Aschaffenburg, Bayern
  Mäusebach oder Mäusbach (Kleine Nister), linker Zufluss der Kleinen Nister gegenüber der Streithäuser Mühle, Ortsgemeinde Streithausen, Westerwaldkreis, Rheinland-Pfalz
 Mäusbach (Rohrbach), rechter Zufluss des Rohrbachs (zur Saar) in St. Ingbert, Saarpfalz-Kreis, Saarland; mit den Oberläufen  Oberer Mäusbach (links) und Unterer Mäusbach (rechts)
 Mäusbach (Schaafbach), rechter Zufluss des Schaafbachs bei Dahlem, Kreis Euskirchen, Nordrhein-Westfalen

Siehe auch:
 Mausbach
 Mäusebach

Mäusbach


Zainab Johnson, née à Harlem (New York), est une actrice et humoriste américaine notamment connue pour incarner Aleesha dans la série télévisée Upload sur Amazon Prime Video.

Biographie

Zainab est née et a grandi à Harlem, New York. Elle est élevée par ses parents et ses 12 frères et sœurs à travers la religion musulmane. Elle obtient son bachelor en mathématiques avec l'intention de devenir enseignante. Plus tard, elle déménage finalement à Los Angeles afin de devenir actrice.

Carrière
Elle débute en étant assistante de production pour des spectacles d'humour et commence à s'intéresser à la comédie. Par la suite, elle se fait connaître du public lors de son passage dans la huitième saison de l'émission de concours de talent Last Comic Standing, où elle se qualifie en tant que demi-finaliste.

Filmographie

Cinéma
 2011 : The Instant Messenger Mission : une élève du cours de yoga
 2013 : Oakville : Lola
 2014 : Cuffing Season : Nadia
 2021 : Real Talk : Jamie (voix)

Télévision

Séries télévisées
 2011 : Lbs : Sherri
 2011 : Un-Natural Selection : Simone
 2012 : Private Practice : Mara
 2017 : Get Your Life
 2017 : American Koko : Tamika (3 épisodes)
 2017 : Avant-Guardians : Dr. Hanniel
 2018 : East of La Brea : Renee
 2020–2022 : Upload : Aleesha (17 épisodes)
 2021 : Launchpad : Infirmière Sherri
 2021–2022 : Tab Time (6 épisodes)
 2022 : Bust Down : Ito
 2022 : We Need to Talk About America

Téléfilms
 À venir : Fred Unplugged

Notes et références

Liens externes

Actrice américaine de télévision
Actrice américaine de cinéma

Zainab Johnson


42. breddegrad kan henvise til:

 42. nordlige breddekreds
 42. sydlige breddekreds

42. breddegrad


George Edward Moore (4 Kasım 1873 - 24 Ekim 1958), Cambridge Üniversitesi'nde önce okuyup sonra orada ders vermiş çağdaş İngiliz düşünürü. İdealizme olan şiddetli karşı çıkışıyla ün kazanan Moore, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein ve (onlardan önce) Gottlob Frege, ile birlikte analitik felsefe akımının kurucularından biridir.

Ahlak ve bilgi konusundaki görüşleriyle tanınan Moore, ahlakın temel kavramı olan iyinin, daha basit başka bir şey aracılığıyla tanımlanamayan, analiz edilemeyen, fakat belirli şeylerin ya da durumların, ahlaki bir sezgiyle bilinebilecek doğal olmayan bir niteliği olduğunu öne sürmüştür. Doğruluk, ödev gibi diğer ahlaki kavramlar ise, söz konusu iyilik niteliğini yaratabilen ve koruyabilen faaliyetler ya da eylemler yoluyla tanımlanabilir. Bilgi alanında deneyci bir bakış açısı benimseyen Moore, çoğu zaman empirizmden çıkartılan kuşkucu sonuçlardan sakınmış ve idealizme şiddetli eleştiriler yöneltmiştir. O, duyu-verileriyle maddi nesneler arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamakta zaman zaman zorlanmakla birlikte, sağduyunun savunuculuğunu yapmış ve ortalama insanın dış dünya ile ilgili görüşünün doğru olduğunu öne sürmüştür. Başka bir deyişle, sağduyunun dünyanın doğasıyla ilgili görüşlerini kuşkucu ya da metafiziksel görüşler karşısında savunan Moore, felsefi problem ya da güçlükler söz konusu olduğunda benimsenecek doğru yaklaşımın, problemi çözmeye kalkışmadan önce, güçlüğü doğuran şeyin ne olduğu sorusunu sormaktan meydana gelmesi gerektiğini iddia etmiştir. Moore, Doğalcı Yanılgı anlatımıyla örneğin iyinin mutluluk gibi tanımlanabilir bir ifadeye bürüneceğine inanmış olanların Doğalcı Yanılgıya saptıklarını söylemektedir. Moore böylece bu yanılgıya düşenlerin sadece iyiyi tanımlayabildiklerini zannettiklerini, fakat bununla birlikte istenilen bir tanıma ulaşamayışlarından bahseder.

Dış bağlantılar

İngiliz filozoflar
İngiliz agnostikler
1873 doğumlular
1958 yılında ölenler
19. yüzyıl Britanyalı filozofları
19. yüzyıl Britanyalı yazarları
19. yüzyıl İngiliz filozofları
19. yüzyıl İngiliz yazarları
20. yüzyıl Britanyalı filozofları
20. yüzyıl Britanyalı yazarları
20. yüzyıl İngiliz yazarları
Trinity College'da öğrenim görenler
Analitik filozoflar
Aristotelesçi filozoflar
Britanyalı agnostikler
Britanyalı filozoflar
Sonuççular
İngiliz hümanistler
Epistemologlar
British Academy üyeleri
Metafizikçiler
Ahlâkçılar
Ontologlar
Eğitim filozofları
Dil felsefecileri
Zihin felsefecileri
Mantık felsefecileri

George Edward Moore


Eduardo Jesús Vargas Rojas () este un fotbalist chilian care joacă ca atacant pentru clubul Tigres UANL din Liga MX și echipa națională a Chile.

Apărând ca un talent de top la Cobreloa, Vargas a plecat la Universidad de Chile, unde a câștigat trei titluri, printre care și Copa Sudamericana 2011, unde a fost numit jucător al turneului. În 2011, a fost co-acordat fotbalistului chilian al anului și, de asemenea, a terminat ca finalist pentru fotbalistul sud-american al anului. În urma unui transfer de 11,5 milioane de lire sterline la Napoli, Vargas a avut ulterior împrumuturi la Grêmio, Valencia și Queens Park Rangers înainte de a pleca la Hoffenheim în 2015.

Este internațional absolut din 2010, Vargas a jucat peste 70 de meciuri pentru Chile, marcând 34 de goluri. A făcut parte din echipă la Cupa Mondială de FIFA 2014, Copa América din 2015, Copa América Centenario și Cupa Confederațiilor FIFA 2017. A terminat ca golgheter în victoriile lui Chile la 2015 Copa America și Copa América Centenario.

Referințe

Nașteri în 1989
Fotbaliști chilieni
Atacanți
Fotbaliști internaționali chilieni
Fotbaliști ai Campionatului Mondial de Fotbal 2014
Chilieni în viață

Eduardo Vargas


Simon Pedersen er navnet på flere personer:

 Simon A. Pedersen – dansk fodboldspiller, født 1982.
 Simon Pedersen (fodboldspiller) – dansk fodboldspiller, (U19-spiller hos Lyngby Boldklub)

Simon Pedersen


Irma Čremošnik (Arad, 12. siječnja 1916. – Slano, 29. lipnja 1990.) bila je slovenska arheologinja.

Životopis
Rođena je 12. siječnja 1916. u Aradu, gradu u današnjoj Rumunjskoj koji je tada bio dio Austro-Ugarske. Njen otac bio je povjesničar Gregor Čremošnik. Osnovnu školu i gimnaziju završila je u Sarajevu. S obitelji se preselila u Makedoniju gdje joj je otac predavao povijest srednjeg vijeka na Filozofskom fakultetu Sveučilištu u Skoplju. Tamo je Irma diplomirala na studiju klasičnih jezika. Radila je kao profesorica u Tetovu od 1940 do 1941., u Skoplju 1941. i u Nišu od 1941. do 1942. Potom je radila u Ministarstvu prosvjete, Centralnom zavodu i Umjetničkom muzeju. Radila je u sarajevskom Zemaljskom muzeju od 1947. do svog umirovljenja 1976. Doktorirala je 1952. na Filozofskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Ljubljani.

Radila je na iskapanju rimske vile na lokalitetu Kućišta u Višićima kraj Čapljine, iskapanju rimskih ostataka u Paniku kraj Bileće i na iskapanju brojnih lokaliteta u okolici Bihaća. Pronašla je rana slavenska naselja u Mušičima kraj Višegrada i Batkoviću kraj Bijeljine. Ta naselja ubrajaju se među najstarija slavenska naselja u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Preminula je u Slanom 29. lipnja 1990. Sahranjena je u Ljubljani.

Izvori

Arheolozi
Slovenski znanstvenici

Irma Čremošnik


D (izv. jap. Dの食卓, D-ova trpeza), konzolaška videoigra.

Radnja
Mladu učiteljicu iz San Francisca Lauru Harris kontaktira losanđeleska policija da je njen otac Richard Harris, lječnik u bolnici, u njoj počinio pištoljem pokolj i zabarikadirao se. Uzbuđena i potresena, Laura dolazi u bolnicu i biva iznenadno prenesena u tajanstveni srednjovjekovni dvorac. Našavši se u dvorcu, istražuje ga, pokušavajući saznati kako je ovo sve povezano s očevim naizgled besmislenim i nasumičnim pokoljem.

Način igre
D je tipična avanturistička igra. Igrač se kreče po dvorcu po strogo zadanim puteljcima. Napreduje u igri rješavanjem zagonetaka, obično koristeći predmete koje je pokupio. Ako negdje zastane, savjete može dobiti preko Laurinog zrcala za šminku. Za razliku od ostalih igara tog žanra, D ne dozvoljava mogućnost spremanja igre i igraču zadaje vremensko ograničenje od dva sata unutar kojih mora priječi igru. Ako to ne učini, Laura se automatski vraća u bolnicu i igra završava.

Razvoj
Razvoj D-a trajao je godinu dana. Priča se temelji na horor romanu Drakuli, ali voditelju projekta Kenjiu Enu roman je bio dosadan pa je pri završetku dodao u igru nasilje i ljudožderstvo. Te je elemente držao potajice za sebe - čak i od ostalih članova WARP-a - jer se bojao da mu zbog cenzure neće dopustiti objaviti igru. Da zaobiđe cenzuru napravio je dvije inačice igre: jednu bez nasilja i ljudožderstva i jednu s njima. Prvu je pokazao ostalima i to sa zakašnjenjem, znajući da je kazna za to da će morati osobno dostaviti igru proizvođačima u SAD-u. Avionom se uputio u SAD i dostavio nasilnu inačicu.

Komercijalna i kritička reakcija
Igra je bila komercijalno uspješna. Samo u Japanu je bila prodana u milijun primjeraka. Kritičke su reakcije bile pozitivne. Igru se hvalilo zbog jezovite atmosfere, zvuka i grafike. Časopis za videoigre GameFan dodijelio joj je nagradu najbolje 3DO igre za godinu 1995. Ipak, nisu sve kritike bile pohvalne. Prigovaralo joj se suhoparan način igre i da je priča prikladnija za prozu ili film nego za igru. U retrospektivi za 2008. godinu, časopis Game Informer ju je svrstao među najlošije horor videoigre ikada.

D's Diner: Director's Cut
1996. izašla je nova inačica D-a za 3DO eksluzivno za japansko tržište. Sadrži dodatne scene, četiri reklame za igru, audio roman koji govori o povijesti obitelji Harris i dodatni audio CD s glazbom iz igre.

Nastavci
Komercijalni uspjeh polučio je dva nastavka: Enemy Zero i D2.

Izvori

Avanturističke igre
Horor videoigre
Videoigre za PlayStation
Videoigre iz 1995.

D (igra)


Unimak Island (, ) is the largest island in the Aleutian Islands chain of the U.S. state of Alaska.

Geography
It is the easternmost island in the Aleutians and, with an area of , the 9th largest island in the United States and the 134th largest island in the world. It is home to Mount Shishaldin, one of the ten most active volcanoes in the world. According to the United States Census Bureau, 64 people were living on Unimak as of the 2000 census, all of them in the city of False Pass at the eastern end of the island. Cape Lutke is a headland on the island. Cape Pankof is located at the extreme southwest of the island.

The Fisher Caldera is a volcanic crater in the west-central part of Unimak. Some characteristics include many volcanic cones and undrained lakes. It is named for Bernard Fisher, a U.S. Geological Survey geologist who was killed in Umnak Pass.

Mount Westdahl,  in elevation, is a stratovolcano of the Aleutian Range on the island situated at its western end.

Natural history
When the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act was passed on 2 December 1980,  of the island was designated as wilderness. This area is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.

As a faunal extension of the Alaska Peninsula, Unimak has a relatively diverse assemblage of terrestrial mammals, including Alaska Peninsula brown bears and porcupine caribou. West of Unimak Island, the largest native mammal in the Aleutians is the red fox.

Buildings
Scotch Cap Lighthouse was built in 1903 and was staffed by the US Coast Guard. On April 1, 1946, during the 1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake, the lighthouse was struck by a tsunami. Even though the lighthouse was  above the sea, the lighthouse slid into the sea, killing five Coast Guard personnel.

The Cape Sarichef Lighthouse and the Cape Sarichef Airport are also located on the island.

See also

Extreme points of the United States

References

Further reading
 Titanic and Nautical Resource Center
 Unimak Island: Blocks 1046 through 1049 and 1055 through 1065, Census Tract 1, Aleutians East Borough, Alaska United States Census Bureau

External links

Fox Islands (Alaska)
Islands of Aleutians East Borough, Alaska
Islands of Alaska

Unimak Island


Gerenuk (Litocranius walleri), koja se zove i žirafa gazela, je antilopa koja izvorno nastanjuje prostore istočne Afrike. Gerenuka je prvi opisao prirodoslovac Victor Brooke 1878.

Opis
Gerenuk ima vrlo duge vitke noge i vrat. Može saviti kralježnicu u oblik slova "S", pa može stajati uspravno održavajući ravnotežu na stražnjim nogama. Na taj način može brstiti na otvorenim šumovitim područjima i u rijetkim šikarama na višim slojevima vegetacije od biljojeda slične veličine. Vrat, glava i izduljena klinasta njuška vrlo su uski pa se generuk s lakoćom probija kroz grane akacija i ostaloga bodljikavoga drveća. Gerenuk rabi dug zašiljen jezik, pokretljive usne i oštre sjekutiće za kidanje najmanjih listova.

Uglavnom je crvenkasto-žućkastosmeđe boje, na gornjoj strani tijela ima tamni pojas, a bijele je boje na donjoj strani tijela, vratu, bradi, oko usta i očiju. Rep je crn i završava čuperkom. Samo mužjaci imaju rogove, koji su dugi 35 cm, relativno debeli i zakrivljeni.

Mužjaci su visoki gotovo 89–105 centimetara, a kraći ženke 80–100 centimetara; duljina glave i tijela obično je između 140 i 160 centimetara. Mužjaci teže između 31 i 52 kilograma; ženke su lakše, težine su 28–45 kilograma.

Razmnožavanje i društveni odnosi

Razmnožavaju se tijekom cijele godine. Žene postižu spolnu zrelost u dobi oko jedne godine, a mužjaci dosežu spolnu zrelost u dobi od 1,5 godine, iako u divljini mogu biti uspješni tek nakon stjecanja teritorija (možda 3,5 godine). Period gestacije je oko sedam mjeseci. Rođeni su jedan po jedan, teži oko 3 kg (6,6 lb) pri rođenju.

Potomstvo je prvi put proizvedeno umjetnom oplodnjom 2010. godine na očuvanju White Oak-a u Yuleeu na Floridi. Rodile su se četiri ženke teladi, a jedna od četiri je kasnije uspješno osemenjena u White Oaku (Teksas) i SEZARC-om (Savez za reprodukciju i očuvanje Zoološkog vrta), stvarajući drugu generaciju teladi rođene umjetnom oplodnjom. Gerenuk može živjeti trinaest godina ili više u zatočeništvu, a najmanje osam godina u divljini.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Antilope
Šupljorošci

Gerenuk