Walter Muschg, né le  à Witikon (près de Zurich) et mort le  à Bâle, est un historien de la littérature, essayiste et homme politique suisse.

Biographie, parcours

Walter Muschg vient au monde en 1898 à Witikon près de Zurich. Dans son enfance, les greniers à foin et les cachettes dans les cours de fermes ont été pour lui et ses compagnons de jeux un domaine de prédilection, et d'après Louis Wiesmann, il a conservé toute sa vie quelque chose de « paysan », de « carré » et de « rude » dans son caractère.

Fils d'enseignant et demi-frère de l'écrivain Adolf Muschg, il s'est d'abord fait connaître pour sa thèse sur la Penthésilée de Heinrich von Kleist.

De 1917 à 1921, il étudie la germanistique auprès du professeur , ainsi que la psychologie et le latin, à l'Université de Zurich. À Berlin dans les années 1920, où il poursuit ses études, Muschg rencontre les représentants de l'expressionnisme littéraire vivant à Berlin à l'époque. En 1928, il obtient son habilitation à l'Université de Zurich avec une thèse sur le thème « Psychoanalyse und Literaturwissenschaft » (Psychanalyse et histoire littéraire). Il publie également deux œuvres dramatiques.

De 1936 jusqu'à sa mort en 1965, Walter Muschg enseigne la littérature allemande moderne () au département d'allemand de l'université de Bâle. Urs Widmer, qui a étudié avec lui, écrit : . En tant que Dozent, rapporte Peter André Bloch, Muschg savait, dans ses conférences, captiver son auditoire  par son interprétation engagée, parfois polémique, guidée par l'expérience personnelle des grandes œuvres, ainsi que par sa description de l'existence souvent difficile des poètes évoqués ; il eut une influence durable sur plusieurs de ses élèves. Par contre, il n'y avait pratiquement pas de discussions ouvertes dans le séminaire, et les étudiants étaient conscients que certaines choses pouvaient être vues différemment.

En tant que publiciste controversé et souvent provocateur, Muschg a contribué à plusieurs reprises au débat public. De 1939 à 1943, il siège pour l'Alliance des indépendants au Conseil national. Il y prône l'indépendance de la Suisse et une politique d'asile généreuse. Plus tard, il fait sensation notamment par sa polémique contre les pièces radiophoniques populaires en dialecte de  à la radio : il voit dans celles-ci une banalisation et une falsification intolérables des romans de Jeremias Gotthelf.

Le recueil d'essais, qu'il publie en 1956 sous le titre Die Zerstörung der deutschen Literatur (La destruction de la littérature allemande), suscite un large débat. D'après Hans-Peter Kunisch, la conception de la littérature de Walter Muschg n'a pas pu prévaloir dans les études allemandes de l'après-guerre, mais ses analyses représentent des prises de position stimulantes, encore appréciées aujourd'hui.

Walter Muschg est mort le   d'une crise cardiaque, en se rendant à la poste.

Conception de la littérature
L'ouvrage Histoire tragique de la littérature (Tragische Literaturgeschichte) paraît en 1948. La littérature, pour Walter Muschg, c'est la littérature mondiale. Dans la conception qu'il se fait de la littérature, une phrase de Johann Georg Hamann, aurait pu, dit-il, lui servir de devise : . À ses yeux, la poésie naît toujours de la souffrance et de la douleur, et quiconque échoue moralement dans ces épreuves ne peut pas être un vrai poète.

Parmi les auteurs qu'il considère comme les plus « grands », Muschg établit les catégories de « magicien », « voyant » et « chanteur », tandis que les autres, les « jongleurs », « prêtres », « poètes » sont un . C'est ainsi qu'il voit en Jeremias Gotthelf le plus grand poète suisse, à même d'exercer un « ministère prophétique » et d'en désespérer, mais de devenir aussi « l' Homère »  de la paysannerie, .

Intérêt pour l'expressionnisme en littérature, aide aux jeunes auteurs
Walter Muschg apprécie la littérature expressionniste allemande de son époque. Alors qu'il fait peu de cas de George, Hofmannsthal, Thomas Mann, Rilke et d'autres auteurs connus, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il aide à se faire connaître dans l'édition de leurs œuvres Ernst Barlach, Alfred Döblin et Hans Henny Jahnn dont il est l'ami. Il s'occupe également de jeunes auteurs d'alors : Nun singen sie wieder (Maintenant ils chantent à nouveau) de Max Frisch paraît en 1946 aux éditions Schwabe à Bâle, dans la collection Klosterberg dirigée par Walter Muschg, et l'année suivante le premier drame de Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Es steht geschrieben (c'est écrit). Il reste en étroite relation avec Rolf Hochhuth, controversé depuis sa pièce polémique Der Stellvertreter (Le Vicaire).

Psychanalyse et science littéraire (Literaturwissenschaft)
Avec sa thèse d'habilitation sur le thème « Psychoanalyse und Literaturwissenschaft (publiée en 1930 à Berlin chez ), Walter Muschg est le premier germaniste de langue allemande à mettre l'accent sur l'importance de l'enseignement de Freud pour la recherche en littérature. Comme le signale , alors directeur de l' (IPV), en introduction de l'article de Walter Muschg désormais intitulé Die Psychoanalyse als Rivalin der Literaturwissenschaft (La psychanalyse rivale de la science littéraire), une partie (les dernières pages de la brochure) de la conférence Psychoanalyse und Literaturwissenschaft publiée en 1930 chez , est reproduite la même année, avec l'autorisation de l'auteur et de l'éditeur, dans le périodique édité par l'IPV Die Psychoanalytische Bewegung II, 1930, deuxième cahier.

En 1956, dans un chapitre de son ouvrage  Die Zerstörung der deutschen Literatur (La destruction de la littérature allemande), Muschg reprend une étude d'abord parue en 1930 dans le cinquième cahier de Die psychoanalytische Bewegung, intitulée « Freud als Schriftsteller » (Freud écrivain dans la traduction de Jacques Schotte, texte paru aux Presses universitaires de France en 1959 dans La psychanalyse, réédité en 2011 , puis en 2012 aux éditions Hermann). Muschg . Il souligne chez Freud l'emploi de certains procédés rhétoriques comme l'anaphore, l'aphorisme, le souci du rythme, mais aussi un penchant pour la métaphore. Selon Jacques Sédat, Walter Muschg revient à plusieurs reprises sur le goût prononcé de Freud pour la métaphore, figure de style à laquelle celui-ci recourt volontiers . L'une des métaphores favorites de Freud évoquant le travail d'analyse est celle de l'archéologie, pour laquelle Sédat cite ce commentaire subtil qu'en donne Muschg :

Écrits
  Kleists Penthesilea. Verlag Seldwyla, Zürich 1923
  Kleist. Zürich 1923
  Babylon, Ein Trauerspiel. Amalthea-Verlag, Zürich/Leipzig/Wien 1926
  Psychoanalyse und Literaturwissenschaft. Junker und Dünnhaupt, Berlin 1930
  Die Psychoanalyse als Rivalin der Literaturwissenschaft, in Die Psychoanalytische Bewegung II 1930 Heft 2,  (éd.), , Wien, 1930, .
  Freud als Schriftsteller, 1 parution : in Die Psychoanalytische Bewegung II 1930 Heft 5,  ; in Die Zerstörung der deutschen Literatur, 1956 ; München, Kindler, Série « Geist und Psyche », 1975,
  Gotthelf. Die Geheimnisse des Erzählers. C.H. Beck, München 1931
  Die Mystik in der Schweiz, 1200–1500. Huber, Frauenfeld/Leipzig 1935
  Tragische Literaturgeschichte. Francke, Bern 1948; 3., veränderte Aufl. 1957
  Jeremias Gotthelf. Eine Einführung in seine Werke. Francke, Bern 1954
  Dichtertypen. Helbing und Lichtenhahn, Basel 1954
  Die Zerstörung der deutschen Literatur. Francke, Bern 1956; Neuausgabe: Diogenes, Zürich 2009,
  Goethes Glaube an das Dämonische. Separatabdruck aus: Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte, Bd. 32, H. 3. Metzler, Stuttgart 1958
  Schiller. Die Tragödie der Freiheit. Francke, Bern/München 1959
  Von Trakl zu Brecht. Dichter des Expressionismus. Piper, München 1961
  Studien zur tragischen Literaturgeschichte. Francke, Bern 1965
  Gespräche mit Hans Henny Jahnn. Europäische Verlagsanstalt, Frankfurt 1967; Neuausgabe: Rimbaud, Aachen 1994
  Gestalten und Figuren. Herausgegeben von Elli Muschg-Zollikofer. Francke, Bern/München 1968
  Pamphlet und Bekenntnis. Aufsätze und Reden. Herausgegeben von Peter André Bloch. Walter, Olten/Freiburg i.Br. 1968
  Die dichterische Phantasie. Herausgegeben von Elli Muschg-Zollikofer. Mit Bibliographie. Francke, Bern/München 1969

Traductions en français
 Walter Muschg, Entretiens avec Hans Henny Jahnn, Traduction de Huguette et René Radrizzani, Paris, José Corti, 1995,
 Préface de Walter Muschg à Jérémias Gotthelf, L'argent et l'esprit ou La réconciliation, traduction de Raymond Lauerner, Éditions L'Âge d'Homme, Collection : Au cœur du monde, Lausanne, 2000,

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
(Dans l'ordre alphabétique des noms d'auteurs)
  .
 .
  Dans  et Martin Stingelin (éd.), Walter Muschg (1898-1965). Gedenkreden zum 100. Geburtstag gehalten an der Feier in der Alten Aula am 20. Mai 1998 (=Basler Universitätsreden 96), Schwabe Verlag, Basel, 1999,  :
  Peter André Bloch, Walter Muschg als akademischer Lehrer (aus der Sicht des Studenten) (l'universitaire Walter Muschg, vu de l'étudiant), .
  Rolf Hochhuth : Epilog, .
  Jacques Sédat, « La  "méthode" freudienne : avant tout, un "chemin" », Figures de la psychanalyse, 2015/1 (n° 29), . DOI : 10.3917/fp.029.0133.
  Urs Widmer, Reise an den Rand des Universums, Diogenes, Zürich, 2013.
  Louis Wiesmann: Ein Literaturwissenschaftler als Gewissen seiner Zeit. Zum Tod von Prof. Dr. Walter Muschg (1898–1965). In: Basler Stadtbuch 1967, S. 140–147.

Articles connexes
 Littérature de langue allemande
 Littérature suisse
 Histoire littéraire
 Psychanalyse appliquée
 Interactions de la psychanalyse

Liens externes

Historien de la littérature
Histoire de la littérature
Littérature suisse
Littérature de langue allemande
Littérature allemande

Walter Muschg


Pwo Leste ou Phlou, () é uma língua Karen, da família das línguas tibeto-birmanesas|Tibeto-Birmanesa]] que é falada por mais de um milhão de pessoas na Birmânia e por cerca de 50 mil Tailândia, onde tem sido chamada de "Pow Meridional. A língua não é inteligível com outras variedades de Pwo.

Uma escrita chamada Leke foi desenvolvida entre 1830 e 1860 sendo usada por membros da milenar seita Leke do Budismo Caso contrário, uma variedade de alfabetos Birmaneses]] são usados, e os refugiados na Tailândia criaram um alfabeto com base no alfabeto tailandês que está em uso limitado.
Distribuição
 Caim (estado) e Tenassarim (região): longa área contígua perto da fronteira tailandesa
 Pegu (região): municípios de Pegu e Taungu
 Fonologia
O seguinte mostra as características fonológicas de dois dos dialetos Pwo Leste Karen, Pa'an e Tavoy:
 Consoantes

 As africadas pós-alveolares //, são percebidas como fricativas [], entre alguns dialetos formais.
// quando pronunciado lentamente é percebido foneticamente como uma africada dental [].
Plosivas sonoras // são pronunciadas como implosivas [] apenas no dialeto Pa'an.
// não existe no dialeto Tavoy.
// pode tender a ser levemente fricativa [] ao preceder vogais anteriores.
// também pode ser percebido como uma [].
 Vogais

 // não ocorre após um som //.
// são mesclados com // no dialeto Tavoy.
 Tons
Quatro tons estão presentes em Pwo Leste

Dialetos
 Pa'an (Pwo Leste Karen Interior, Moulmein)
 Kawkareik (Pwo Karen - Fronteira Leste)
 Tavoy (Pwo Karen Meridional)
 Escrita
A escrita usada para a linguagem Pwo Leste Karen é derivada da escrita mon e do alfabeto birmanês.

Numeração

Os símbolos numéricos Pwo Leste Karen foram  * O número zero, ploh plih (ပၠဝ်ပၠေ), significa "sem valor".
 O número zero não é usado no dia-a-dia e existe principalmente por escrito. As pessoas são ensinadas a usar o sistema numérico birmanês, incluindo o zero.Chi (ဆီ့) denota 10, qualquer número de 1 a 9 antes chi pode ser interpretado como "de dez(s)", então 20 seria ne chi . Pong (ဖငၲ) denota 100, qualquer número de 1 a 9 antes pong pode ser interpretado como "centenas", então 200 seria ne pong . Da mesma forma, a mesma regra se aplica a mil, muh (မိုငၲ့); dez mil, lah (လါ); e cem mil, thay (သိငၲႉ).
 Números após as centenas de milhares (milhões e acima) são prefixados com thay (သိငၲႉ), cem mil. Por exemplo, um milhão seria thay luh chi (သိင္တှူလျုဆီ့), "cem mil de dezenas"; dois milhões seriam thay ne chi (သိငၲႉဏီ့ဆီ့), cem mil de duas dezenas; dez milhões seriam thay luh pong (သိငၲႉလ်ုဖငၲ), "cem mil de centenas"; um bilhão seria thay luh lah (သိင္တှူလျုလါ), "cem mil de dez mil".
 Decimais
Devido à proximidade com a Tailândia, o Pwo Leste Karen adota a palavra tailandesa para decimal, chut, (Karen: ကျူဒၲ, ကျူ(ဒၲ); Tailandês: จุด; Inglês: and, dot) . Por exemplo, 1.01 é luh chut ploh plih luh (လ်ု ပၠဝ်ပၠေလ်ု).
 Frações
As frações são formadas dizendo puh (ပုံႉ) após o numerador e o denominador. Por exemplo, um terço (1/3) seria luh puh thuh puh (လ်ုပုံသိုငၲ့ပုံ) e três sobre um, três-"oneths" (< sup>3</sup>/1) seria thuh puh luh puh'' (သိုငၲ့ပုံလ်ုပုံ).

Notas

Ligações externas
Pwo Leste em Ethnologue
Pwo Leste em User Keio
Pwo Leste em Sealang
Pwo Leste em Omniglot.com

Pwo Leste
Pwo Leste
Pwo Leste

Língua pwo leste


× Cephalopactis, hibridni rod kaćunovki smješten u tribus Neottieae. Postoje dvije vrste koje se uzgajaju u Europi

Vrste
 × Cephalopactis hybrida (Jáv.) Domin
 × Cephalopactis speciosa (Wettst.) Asch. & Graebn.

Sinonimi
 × Cephalepipactis E.G.Camus

Izvori

Neottieae

× Cephalopactis


San Roque de Riomiera, İspanya'nın on yedi özerk bölgesinden, ülkenin kuzey sahilinde Kantabria Denizi olarak da anılan Atlas Okyanusu'nun Fransa ile İspanya arasındaki bölümüne kıyısı bulunan, Kantabria otonom bölgesine bağlı belediye. San Roque de Riomiera belediyesinin nüfusu 2002 yılı nüfus sayımlarına göre 482 kişidir.

San Roque de Riomiera


Fyrst Vilhelm af Hohenzollern () (7. marts 1864 –
22. oktober 1927) var en tysk fyrste, der var mediatiseret fyrste af det lille fyrstendømme Hohenzollern i Sydtyskland fra 1905 til 1918 og familieoverhoved for den schwabiske linje af Huset Hohenzollern fra 1905 til 1927.

Forfædre

Vilhelm af Hohenzollern blev født den 7. marts 1864 på Schloss Benrath nær Düsseldorf som den ældste søn af daværende Arveprins Leopold af Hohenzollern, der var spansk tronprætendent i 1869–1870, i hans ægteskab med Infantinde Antonia af Portugal.

Han var sønnesøn af den preussiske ministerpræsident Fyrst Karl Anton af Hohenzollern og Josephine af Baden. Desuden var han dattersøn af Ferdinand 2. af Portugal og Maria 2. af Portugal.

Vilhelm af Hohenzollern var oldesøn af storhertug Karl af Baden, storhertuginde Stéphanie de Beauharnais, kejser Pedro 1. af Brasilien og den brasilianske kejserinde Maria Leopoldina af Østrig.

Han var tipoldesøn af arveprins Karl Ludvig af Baden, Hertug Franz Friedrich af Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld, Johan 6. af Portugal, Carlota Joaquina af Spanien og kejser Frans 2. af det tysk-romerske rige.

Efterkommere

Vilhelm af Hohenzollern fik tre børn. Datteren Augusta Viktoria af Hohenzollern giftede sig med eks-konge Emanuel 2. af Portugal.

Hans ældste søn blev far til Prins Johann Georg af Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1932–2016), som blev gift med Prinsesse Birgitta af Sverige og Hohenzollern. Prinsesse Birgitta er søster til kong Carl 16. Gustav af Sverige.

Rumænske slægtninge
Vilhelm af Hohenzollerns farbror Karl blev Rumæniens første konge. Hans lillebror Ferdinand blev landets anden konge i 1914.

Kilder

Fyrster af Hohenzollern
Huset Hohenzollern
Generaler fra Preussen
Politikere fra Preussen
Medlemmer af Preussens herrehus
Personer fra Düsseldorf

Vilhelm af Hohenzollern


Našašće tijela sv. Marka je veliko ulje na platnu koje je Tintoretto naslikao od 1562. – 1566. godine. Slika je dio serije slika o Svetom Marku, svecu zaštitniku Venecije, koju je Tintoretto naslikao za "Školu sv. Marka" (Scuola di San Marco), a koja uključuje i Sveti Marko oslobađa roba (1548.) i Donošenje tijela svetog Marka (1562. – 66.). Djelo pripada razdoblju manirizma i jedno od najznačajnijih dostignuća manirističkoga slikarstva zbog asimetrične kompozicije, osebujne i naglašene dinamike izražene u pokretu likova, ali i po kolorističnim i svjetlosnim kontrastima.

Odlike

Sliku je naručio Tommaso Rangone, "veliki čuvar" Škole sv. Marka u Veneciji.
Ova slika je kontinuirana naracija, što znači da je zastupljeno više trenutaka iste priče, a što stvara lirski spektakl i izražava vizionarsku predodžbu koja graniči s halucinacijom, i na taj način prizor krađe tijela postaje gotovo mitološki prikaz. Slika prikazuje kako su Mlečani zauzeti uklanjanjem leševa iz grobnica. Lijevo u prvom planu stoji duh samoga sveca s aureolom na glavi koji ih pokušava zaustaviti, jer mu je tijelo pronađeno, polegnuto blijedo na orijentalnom tepihu. U sredini platna kleči osoba koja svjedoči čudu, a ostali likovi uokolo su zapanjeni i prepadnuti. Neka mjesta se čine nedovršena (podne pločice su vidljive kroz odjeću i figure nekih likova). S desne strane nalazi se tamni čovjek u padu kao opsjednut demonom (nagovješteno vrpcom dima iznad njegove glave). Slika ima veliku kompoziciju s bljeskovima svjetlosti i boja, prepuno manirističke uznemirenosti i deformiranja oblika, čime nastaje čudesna sinteza između stvarnog i nestvarnog.
Slika ukazuje na istodobno postojanje različitih razina stvarnosti kroz uporabu niza slikarskih tehnika toskanskog i rimskog manirizma. Dezintegracija boje, naslijeđena iz Tizianovih kasnijih djela, vidljiva je u treperenju koje je poput mnoštva plamenova, u kontrastu sa sumornom i mutnom površinom platna.

Kompozicija

Na slici je izražena eksplozivna perspektiva gdje se vrh vizualne piramide podudara se s podignutom rukom sveca u lijevom donjem kutu koji obavlja čudo. Prostor je pomičan ˝ruši˝se u dubinu, povučen jakim, dugačkim dijagonalama arhitekture i naglo zaustavljen okomitim, tamnim zidom. Dinamički prijelazi kompozicijskih dijagonala i snažnih kontura naglašeni su uvrtanjem likova, prisutnih samo kao siluete. Rušenje prostora van i kočenje, ovaj put likovima koji svojim tijelima i pokretima preuzimaju dio prostranog dinamizma, saplečući se u kovitlac padanja, srljanja, različito usmjerenih pokreta, vezanih jedan za drugi. Dinamičnost otvorenih, suprotnih kretnji likova na balkonu još je linearnog karaktera, zbiva se na zidu arhitekture, i tek rukom tijela koje pada i sljedećim likovima, mnogostruko pokrenutim u svim smjerovima, postaje pravo kretanje u prostoru i uzrokuje gibanje, pomicanje samog prostora. Nadalje, privid pokretima razvedene i otvorene mase, koja se negira, dematerijalizira se i svjetlošću što dolazi iz nepostojećeg izvora, te razara i obris i površinu podređujući ih vlastitom samovoljnom kretanju.
Ta svjetlost koja dolazi iz raznih izvora, izbija iz grobnica ili se širi u lukovim iz usta dugačke dvorane, poput noćnog zvuka u stubištima Sv. Marka, kontrastnim isprepletanjem svjetlosti i tame pomiče elemente arhitekture (zid s balkonima, vijence, svod s lukovima) iz granica njihove stabilnosti i oni se počinju kretati zajedno s likovima. Sraz fragmentiranih likova u svim smjerovima i uznemirene arhitekture ostavlja dojam nestabilnosti i opsjednutosti u prikazu nestvarne i tjeskobne pljačke groba.

Poveznice

 Posljednja večera (Tintoretto)

Izvori

 Gillo Dorfles, Stefania Buganza i Jacopo Stoppa, Arti visive. Dal Quattrocento all'Impressionismo, Atlas, 2001., str. 262.

Manirističke slike
Slike iz 1560-ih

Našašće tijela sv. Marka


Hymenothrix, rod glavočika smješten u tribus Bahieae,  dio potporodice Asteroideae. Postoji 11 taksonomski priznatih vrsta raširrenih po dijelovima SAD-a i i Meksika.

Vrste
 Hymenothrix autumnalis (W.L.Ellison) B.G.Baldwin
 Hymenothrix biternata (A.Gray) B.G.Baldwin
 Hymenothrix dissecta (A.Gray) B.G.Baldwin
 Hymenothrix glandulopubescens (Waterf.) B.G.Baldwin
 Hymenothrix greenmanii (Heiser) B.L.Turner
 Hymenothrix janakosiana (B.L.Turner) B.G.Baldwin
 Hymenothrix loomisii S.F.Blake
 Hymenothrix palmeri A.Gray
 Hymenothrix pedata (A.Gray) B.G.Baldwin
 Hymenothrix wislizeni A.Gray
 Hymenothrix wrightii A.Gray

Sinonimi
 Amauriopsis Rydb.

Izvori

Glavočike cjevnjače

Hymenothrix


Holographic Human Element, instrumentalni glazbeni sastav iz Travnika.

Povijest
Osnovan je 2011. godine. Sastav čine Tihana Martinović (klavijature), Adnan Đonlić (gitare) i Ajdin Škulj (bubnjevi). Sviraju eksperimentalnu glazbu i modernu klasiku. Glazbu ima prožimaju elementi new agea i progresivnog post-rocka. Od osnivanja su svirali u domovini i diljem Europe. Prvi su album objavili koncem 2017. godine. Nosi naslov Philophobia. Objavila ga je diskografska kuća Spona. Snimali su ga u Travniku u studiju Alter Art. Snimanje, miks, mastering i produkciju potpisuju članovi benda. Članovi sastava autori su glazbe, tekstova i aranžmana svi skladbi, dok je za skladbu Kad rasteš glazbu i tekst napisao "Puls Asfalta", a aranžirao ju HHE.

Nagrade
Osvojili su nagrade na nekoliko festivala. Pobijedili su na Zaječarskoj gitarijadi.

Izvori

Travnik
Bosanskohercegovački glazbeni sastavi

Holographic Human Element


Helen Ruth Elam Van Winkle (født 18. juli 1928 i Hazard, Kentucky), bedre kendt som Baddiewinkle eller Baddie Winkle, er en amerikansk internetpersonlighed.

Baddiewinkle blev en sensation på internettet i en alder af 85 år.  Hendes motto på de sociale medier er: "Stealing Your Man Since 1928" (stjæler din mand siden 1928). Hun er karakteriseret ved at være iklædt excentrisk tøj, for at fremme legitimeringen af medicinsk marihuana og så hendes insinuationer. Hun bliver fulgt af millioner af tilhængere på de sociale medier, hvor hun oploader billeder og videoer af sig selv, ofte med udfordrende tøj med særegne påtryk eller småt tøj.

Karriere
Winkle har samlet et publikum efter hun fik hjælp fra sit oldebarn, Kennedy Lewis, til at uploade et billede til Twitter, mens hun var iklædt sit oldebarns tøj.  Blandt hendes følgere var efterfølgende sangerinden Rihanna, og nu bliver hun fulgt af hele verden.     I 2015 opnåede hun en million følgere på Instagram. Hun bor for tiden i Knoxville i Tennessee og har optrådt på The Today Show i Australien.

I 2015 anvendte Grit Creative Group hende som ansigt til en startkampagne for deres hjemmeside, hvor hun klædte sig ud som Kurt Cobain, Kate Moss og andre.  Baddiewinkle hjalp med at starte anden sæson af Nicole Richies Candidly Nicole på VH1. Hun optrådte også på den røde løber under Netflixs kampagne for tv-serien Orange Is the New Black. Hun deltog i MTV Video Music Awards i 2015 som gæst hos Miley Cyrus og MTV.   I 2016 medvirkede hun i en amerikansk reklame for Smirnoff ICE Electric Flavors som en del af deres "Keep It Moving" kampagne. Hun fortsætter med at underholde med sine billeder, videoer og samarbejder med kendte mærker og berømtheder.

Kildehenvisninger

Internetpersonligheder fra USA
Internetfænomener

Baddiewinkle


Saab JAS 39 "Gripen" İsveç uzay ve havacılık şirketi Saab tarafından üretilen hafif tek motorlu çok maksatlı savaş uçağıdır. İsveç hava kuvvetlerindeki Saab 35 Draken ve 37 Viggen uçaklarının yerini alması için tasarlanmıştır.  Uçak şu anda İsveç, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Güney Afrika ve Brezilya hava kuvvetlerinin hizmetindedir.

Dizaynında performans, etkinlik ve hava muhaberelerinde hayatta kalma özellikleri öne çıkmıştır. JAS'ın açılımı şöyledir. Jakt (hava-hava), Attack (hava-yer) ve Spaning (gözetleme). İsveç'in F-16 veya F/A-18 alımı yerine üretmeyi tercih ettiği bir uçaktır.

Eurofighter ve Rafale uçakları bu uçağın aerodinamiği temel alarak geliştirilmiştir. Programlanabilir aviyonikleri ve Elektronik savaş kitleri uçağın standard ekipmanlarındandır. Çok kısa pistlerden kalkabilir. Hatta ilginç olarak sivil karayollarına bile iniş yapabilir. Yerdeyken yakıt aktarımı ve silah yenileme prosedürü 10 dakikada 5 kişilik ekiple tamamlanabilir. Uçağın önemli bir özelliği ise 45 milyon dolarlık fiyatıdır ve Eurofighter ve Rafale gibi uçaklarla kıyaslandığında bu rakam oldukça ekonomiktir.

Tarih
Saab 39 Gripen, 1988 yılında ilk uçuşunu gerçekleştirdi ve 1996 yılında İsveç Hava Kuvvetlerinde JAS 39 adı ile aktif hizmete girdi. Gripen, isveç hava kuvvetlerinin çok rollü savaş uçağı olarak tasarlanmış ilk uçaktır. JAS, kısaltmasını bu özelliğinden almaktadır. JAS, jakt, attack ve spaning kelimelerin kısaltmasıdır. Bu sözcükler İsveççede avcı, saldırı ve keşif demektir. Avcı, bombardıman ve keşif rollerini temsil eder.

Gripen'in geliştirilmesinde, uçağın her üç rolde de ödün vermeden mükemmel şekilde çalışması İsveç makamlarının bir isteğiydi. Sadece bir uçak modeli kullanmak ve aynı zamanda önceki savaş uçağı türlerine göre daha düşük satın alma ve bakım maliyetleriyle birinci sınıf bir uçak almak istediler. Aslında, nesilden nesile daha önce büyüyen maliyet eğrisi kırıldı.

Geliştirme
Gripen uçağı 800 metre gibi oldukça kısa pistlere iniş yapabilir ve bu uzunluktaki pistlerden havalanabilir. Bu pistler özel gereksinimler içermez. Bu yüzden yeterli uzunluktaki karayolları ve bombalanan havalimanları iniş kalkış işleri için uygundur. Bu özellik tesadüfi değildir. İsveç Hava Kuvvetleri tarafından yapılan tavsiyeler üzerine uçak tasarlanırken dikkat edilen en önemli unsurlardan biridir.

Gripen'in ilk modelleri JAS 39 A/B olarak adlandırılır. Tek koltuklu versiyon için A ve 2 koltuklu versiyon için B kullanılır. Daha sonra Gripen C/D adı verilen versiyonlar geliştirildi. Bu versiyonlar NATO standartlarına uygun hale getirilmiştir ve diğer özelliklerin yanı sıra yakıt ikmali yapılabilirler.

Gripen NG
Gripen Next Generation projesi, eski modellerin kötü yanlarını kapatıp yeni modeller geliştirmek için 2000'li yıllarda başlatıldı. Yapılan çalışmaların ardından 2016 yılında SAAB tarafından JAS 39 modelinin güncellenmiş yeni sürümü Gripen E duyuruldu. Gripen E versiyonunun 2018 yılında uçuşa hazır olacağı ve birçok yenilik sunacağı da aynı sunumda açıklandı. Bu yenilikler arasında, AESA radarı, daha güçlü motor, önemli ölçüde daha uzun menzil gibi biçok özellik bulunmaktaydı.

Gripen E, 15 Haziran 2017'de Saab'ın Linköping, İsveç'teki tesislerinde ilk uçuşunu gerçekleştirdi. Saab tarafından 30 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde yapılan açıklamada, firmanın geliştirdiği Gripen E modeli ile Meteor görüş ötesi havadan havaya füzesi (Beyond Visual Range Air-to Air Missile - BVRAAM) demesinin başarı ile gerçekleştirildiği duyuruldu.

Kullanıcılar

 İsveç Hava Kuvvetleri (98)

 Çek Hava Kuvvetleri (14 adet)

 Macaristan Hava Kuvvetleri (14 adet)

 Güney Afrika Hava Kuvvetleri (26)

 Tayland Kraliyet Hava Kuvvetleri (12)

 Kraliyet Hava Kuvvetleri (?)

 Brezilya Hava Kuvvetleri (8)

Teknik özellikler (JAS 39E/F)

Kaynakça

Avcı uçakları
İsveç savaş uçakları
Saab uçakları
Delta kanatlı hava araçları
Tek motorlu jetler

Saab JAS 39 Gripen


Galileo Regio velika je tamna površinska značajka na Jupiterovu mjesecu Ganimedu.

To je područje starog tamnog materijala koji je razbijen tektonizmom i sada je okružen mlađim, svjetlijim materijalom (kao što je Uruk Sulcus) koji je izvirao iz unutrašnjosti Ganimeda. Smatra se da je star oko 4 milijarde godina i da je pun kratera i palimpsesta, ali također ima jedinstvenu distribuciju brazdi i glatkog terena oko kojeg postoje kontroverze u vezi s uzrokom ili podrijetlom. Raspodjela glatkog terena na Galileo Regio sugerira da je drevna kora Ganimeda bila relativno tanka u ekvatorijalnom području i zadebljana prema polu u ovom području. Vremenski odnosi, morfologija i geometrija sustava brazdi ne podržavaju ideju nastanka uslijed udara ili plimnog stresa. Moguće, ali spekulativno, podrijetlo je izdizanje kore uzrokovano konvekcijskom stanicom nalik na perjanicu u fluidnom plaštu ispod tanke kore. Stratigrafski i morfološki odnosi među palimpsestima brazda i kratera sugeriraju da je morfologija palimpsesta uglavnom rezultat udara u geološki slabu koru, a ne viskoznog opuštanja.

Regio je na jugozapadu omeđen Uruk Sulcusom, koji se nalazi između njega i Marius Regia. Unutar samog Galileo Regia nalazi se palimpsest Memphis Facula, relikt udarnog kratera koji je spljošten na način karakterističan za neka tijela Sunčevog sustava s ledenom korom.

Izvori

 Harland, D. M.; Jupiter Odyssey, Springer Praxis (2000), p. 141
 Casacchia, R., and R. G. Strom (1984), Geologic evolution of Galileo Regio, Ganymede, J. Geophys. Res., 89(S02), B419–B428, doi:10.1029/JB089iS02p0B419.

Površinske karakteristike Ganimeda

Galileo Regio


ذِكر هو تطبيق قرآني مفتوح المصدر لسطح المكتب. يعتبر البرنامج منصة مفتوحة للدراسة والبحث في القرآن. من المخطط جعل البرنامج متوفرًا في أكبر عدد من اللغات ومتعدد المنصات.

مميزات البرنامج

 تلاوات مختلفة
 ترجمة القرآن الكريم
 24 لغة حزم متوفرة
 خاصية البحث عن كلمة معينة
 حفظ مكان الآية كعلامة مفضلة
 تغيير طريقة العرض مثل عرض النص العربي أو الترجمة فقط أو عرضهما مع بعض

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 الصفحة الرئيسية لبرنامج ذكر
 ويكى ذكر

برمجيات حرة بلغة جافا
برمجيات ماك أو إس إكس
برمجيات يونكس
منصة برمجيات جافا

ذكر (تطبيق)


Galanthus gracilis, jedna od vrsta visibaba, porodica Zvanikovke (Amaryllidaceae) raširena na području Turske, i od Grčke na jugu preko Bugarske i Rumunjske do Ukrajine.

Ovu vrstu povezivali su s vrstom G. elwesii, pa su je smatrali i za njezinu podvrstu G. e. subsp. minor. Danas dostupni taksonomski podaci jasno pokazuju da je G. gracilis je posebna vrsta. Od vrste G. elwesii razlikuje se položajem listova (vernacijom), koji su kod G. gracilis obično uži i općenito manjih dimenzija od G. elwesii.

U divljini cvjeta od veljače do svibnja, a kultivirana od siječnja do ožujka

G. gracilis je opisao 1891. češki botaničar Ladislav Josef Čelakovský i dao joj ime koje znači graciozna ili vitka.

Sinonimi
 Galanthus elwesii subsp. minor D.A.Webb
 Galanthus elwesii var. stenophyllus Kamari
 Galanthus nivalis subsp. reflexus (Lindl.) K.Richt.
 Galanthus reflexus Lindl.

Izvori

Visibaba
Flora Bugarske
Flora Rumunjske
Flora Turske
Flora Ukrajine

Galanthus gracilis


Çukurköy, Sakarya ilinin Geyve ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Sakarya il merkezine 55 km, Geyve ilçesine 18 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

 Yerelnet

Geyve'nin mahalleleri

Çukurköy, Geyve


Die Woidboyz sind drei bayerische Freunde, die hauptsächlich im Bayerischen Fernsehen zu sehen ist. Dabei sind sie für spontane Unterhaltung in der Öffentlichkeit sowie die spontane Einbeziehung von vorbeigehenden Fußgängern bekannt.
Der Name Woidboyz ist eine bayerisch-englische Eigenkreation und symbolisiert dadurch eine Kombination von Tradition, bairischem Dialekt und Moderne: Das bayerische Wort "Woid" (deutsch: Wald) steht für den Bayerischen Wald, in dessen unmittelbarer Nähe die Jungs (englisch "Boyz") der Comedygruppe aufwuchsen.

Die Woidboyz
Die Woidboyz, geboren zwischen 1980 und 1983, kommen aus Niederbayern und der Oberpfalz.

Aktuell sind sie seit 2014 zu dritt unterwegs:
 Bastian "Basti" Kellermeier.
 Ulrich "Uli" Nutz aufgewachsen in Landshut.
 Andreas "Andi" Weindl.

Von 2006 bis 2013 war außerdem Thomas "Tom" Hack ein Mitglied der Woidboyz.

Geschichte
Die Gruppe erreichte durch diverse Internetvideos Bekanntheit. Im Rahmen ihres Medientechnik-Studiums an der FH Deggendorf drehten sie ihre ersten Clips als Woidboyz. Mit ihrem selbst gedrehten Film "Woidboyz – The MuhVieh" schafften sie es 2006 ins Kino. Von 2007 bis 2012 waren Tom Hack, Bastian Kellermeier, Ulrich Nutz und Andreas Weindl im Rahmen der Jugendsendung on3-südwild des Bayerischen Rundfunks in diversen Rubriken und Clips unterwegs. 2011 gewannen sie mit ihrer Rubrik "WaschGang" die Freimann-Rolle für den besten journalistischen Beitrag im Bayerischen Fernsehen.

Nach Einstellung von on3-südwild im Jahr 2012 waren sie mit ihren eigenen Sendungen Woidboyz WaschGang, Woidboyz EDEN, Der wilde Woidboyz-Comedy-Mix im Bayerischen Fernsehen zu sehen. Im Vergleich zu ihren schrägen, gewagten Clips aus den Anfängen der Comedy-Gruppe sind ihre TV-Sendungen deutlich gesitteter, jedoch mit Beibehaltung ihres teils frechen Auftretens.
Nachdem Tom Hack die Gruppe Ende 2013 verlassen hatte, sind die Woidboyz seitdem nur noch zu dritt unterwegs. Anstatt der bisherigen Formate entwickelten sie die neue Sendung Woidboyz in Town, die von 2014 bis 2015 zu sehen war. Von 2015 bis 2021 reisen sie für ihre neue Sendung Woidboyz on the Road ohne Geld per Anhalter quer durch Bayern.

Seit 2022 sind sie mit ihrem neuen Format Woidboyz: Hilfe ist unterwegs! unterwegs, in dem sie Menschen, die sich vorab bewerben können, bei einer bestimmten Tätigkeit unterstützen. Die Sendung wird seitdem nicht mehr von PULS, sondern von Bayern1 für den Bayerischen Rundfunk produziert.

Sendungen

TV-Sendungen
Die Woidboyz waren und sind mit folgenden eigenen Sendungen im Bayerischen Fernsehen zu sehen:

Die Woidboyz im Radio
Seit 2013 sind die Woidboyz auch im Radio zu hören. Jeden ersten Sonntag im Monat moderieren sie von 20:00 bis 22:00 Uhr ihre Sendung Woidnoize Radiosender Puls des Bayerischen Rundfunks.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website der Woidboyz bei Puls auf BR.de
 Trailer zu "Woidboyz – The MuhVieh" auf YouTube

Einzelnachweise
13. Filmographen: Produzent und Mentor der Woidboyz seit 2008, www.filmographen.de
Comedy-Fernsehserie
Fernsehserie (Deutschland)
BR Fernsehen
Fernsehserie der 2010er Jahre
Darstellender Künstler (Bayern)
Comedy-Gruppe

Woidboyz


توني دوريغو  ، من مواليد 31 ديسمبر 1965، لاعب كرة قدم إنجليزي سابق.

لعب مع منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إيطاليا
أستراليون من أصل إيطالي
أستراليون مهاجرون إلى إنجلترا
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أظهرة كرة قدم
إنجليز من أصل أسترالي
إنجليز من أصل إيطالي
بريطانيون متجنسون
رياضيون أستراليون مغتربون في إنجلترا
رياضيون أستراليون مغتربون في إيطاليا
رياضيون إنجليز مغتربون في إيطاليا
رياضيون من ملبورن
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو أستون فيلا
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1988
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1992
لاعبو تورينو
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو ديربي كاونتي
لاعبو ستوك سيتي
لاعبو كأس العالم 1990
لاعبو كرة قدم أستراليون
لاعبو كرة قدم أستراليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية أستراليون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية أستراليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم من أديلايد
لاعبو كرة قدم من ملبورن
لاعبو ليدز يونايتد
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا بي لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي تشيلسي
مواليد 1965
مواليد في ملبورن

توني دوريغو


El Grito del Norte era um jornal bilíngue (inglês e espanhol) com sede em Española, no Novo México, cofundado pela ativista Elizabeth "Betita" Martinez e pela advogada Beverly Axelrod em 1968. Antes disso, Martínez havia trabalhado com questões sociais como o movimento negro e o Comitê de Coordenação de Estudantes Não-Violentos, enquanto Axelrod estava envolvida na primeira produção de The Black Panther. O tabloide foi publicado orignalmente na Alianza Federal de Mercedes, ligada as Reis Tijerina, uma organização dedicada a recuperar as terras dos hispanos despossuídos, a quem Axelrod representava como advogado. Ele se expandiu para fornecer cobertura do Movimento Chicano em áreas urbanas, lutas dos trabalhadores e presos políticos latinos, bem como outras causas esquerdistas. O jornal, muitas vezes, defendia o avanço de tais grupos minoritários, bem como das comunidades negras e nativas americanas.

El Grito del Norte era composto por um grupo coletivo de editoras, colunistas, escritoras, artistas, fotógrafas e trabalhadoras de produção, em sua maioria voluntárias. Destas mulheres profissionais notáveis estão Jane Lougee, Tessa Martinez, Adelita Medina, Kathy Montague, Sandra Solis, Rini Templeton, Valentina Valdes e Enriqueta Vásquez. Isso deu ao jornal uma inclinação decididamente feminista. Vasquez, por sua vez, escreveu colunas sobre racismo, sexismo e imperialismo, muitas vezes usando suas próprias experiências para motivar os chicanos a se juntarem ao movimento. Sua coleção intitulada Enriqueta Vasquez and the Chicano Movement: Writings from El Grito del Norte, consiste em 44 colunas que ela escreveu ao longo de seu tempo no jornal. Um dos principais objetivos do jornal era treinar jovens chicanas para administrar um jornal. Duas mulheres que treinaram no El Grito fundaram seu próprio jornal, Tierra y Libertad, em Las Vegas, Novo México.

A agenda social do jornal combateu as imagens negativas notável dos mexicanos-americanos publicando materiais culturais como contos, poesias, canções e receitas.

Embora sua existência tenha sido relativamente curta, El Grito del Norte cobriu muitos eventos notáveis sobre o Movimento Chicano no Novo México. Alguns deles incluem a criação do Partido Constitucional Popular pela Aliança em 1968, a prisão de Reis Tijerina em 1969, a ascensão de Las Gorras Negras (Boinas Negras) entre 1970 e 1971, o aumento da brutalidade policial em 1972 e o número crescente de greves e protestos entre 1972 e 1973 na cidade de Artesia.

El Grito tinha uma agenda política a favor do socialismo que era hostil à estrutura de poder no Novo México. Essa hostilidade provocou alguma repressão. Antonio Cordova, um fotógrafo da equipe, enfrentou assédio policial depois de fotografar manifestantes com gás lacrimogêneo em uma manifestação. Mais tarde, ele foi assassinado pela polícia em 1972.

El Grito del Norte cessou a publicação em 1973, quando o editor-chefe, Martínez, e outros se mudaram para Albuquerque para fundar o Chicano Communications Center.

Ligações externas

 Índice de conteúdo de El Grito del Norte, 1966-1972 (em inglês e espanhol)
 Jornais e periódicos chicanos 1966-1979 : Mapas e gráficos de mais de 300 jornais chicanos das décadas de 1960 e 1970. (em inglês e espanhol)

Publicações extintas em 1973
Publicações fundadas em 1968
Jornais bilíngues
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

El Grito del Norte


Acidul carbamic este un compus organic cu formula NH2COOH. Legarea grupei carboxil de un atom de azot dintr-un rest de amină (în loc să fie legat de carbon) face ca acest compus să nu poată fi considerat nici ca acid carboxilic, dar nici ca amidă. Sunt cunoscuți mulți derivați și compuși analogi ai acidului carbamic, dar sunt în general instabili, descompunându-se în amina corespunzătoare și dioxid de carbon. Anionul deprotonat sau baza conjugată a acestui acid este grupa funcțională carbamat. Acidul carbamic are o moleculă planară.

Obținere

Proprietăți

Aplicații

Vezi și
 Carbamat
 Transpoziție Hofmann

Referințe

Carbamați
Compuși instabili

Acid carbamic


Mario Maffei, né à Viareggio le  et mort à Rome le , est un réalisateur, scénariste et acteur italien.

Biographie
Maffei a travaillé comme assistant-réalisateur pendant une période de 55 ans, entre 1936 et 1991. Il a fait ses débuts au cinéma sous le pseudonyme de Michele Badiek dans le film Pioggia d'estate réalisé par Mario Monicelli.

Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il travaille principalement dans le cinéma documentaire, pour revenir à la fiction dans l'après-guerre. Il fait ses débuts en tant qu'acteur en 1947, en participant aux films Tombolo, paradis noir, et Les Aventures de Pinocchio.

Entre 1963 et 1969, il met en scène trois longs-métrages et une série de courts-métrages. Son premier film est une adaptation du roman d'Alessandro Manzoni, Les Fiancés (I promessi sposi), en 1964. Il est également producteur de certains films pour d'autres réalisateurs, particulièrement du mondo L'Incroyable Vérité (Mondo cane 2).

Filmographie

Réalisateur
 1964 :
 1966 : Sous la loi de Django (La grande notte di Ringo)
 1967 : Le Tigre sort sans sa mère (Da Berlino l'apocalisse)

Scénariste

 1968 : À genoux, Django (Black Jack) de Gianfranco Baldanello

Acteur

 1947 : Le avventure di Pinocchio de Giannetto Guardone : un carabinier

Notes et références

Liens externes

Réalisateur italien
Scénariste italien de cinéma
Naissance en avril 1918
Naissance à Viareggio
Décès à 82 ans
Décès à Rome
Décès en mars 2001

Mario Maffei


Niederstraß ist ein Dorf im Vöcklatal des Hausruckviertels von Oberösterreich und Ortschaft der Stadtgemeinde Attnang-Puchheim im Bezirk Vöcklabruck.

Lage
Niederstraß liegt auf der Terrasse zwischen Redlbach und Ager, südlich des Spitzbergs, und umfasst etwa 350 Gebäude mit 1200 Einwohnern. Es erstreckt sich als Straßendorf entlang der Römerstraße, der alten Verbindungsstraße Puchheim – Schwanenstadt im Osten (jetzt Nebenstraße der B1 Wiener Straße).
Heute ist Niederstraß mit den Ortschaften Puchheim und Attnang weitgehend verschmolzen und reine Wohngegend.

Nachbarorte und -ortschaften:

Geschichte
Bedeutung erlangt der Ort 1850, als die Niederstrasser Kohlenbahn eröffnet wurde, mit der die Braunkohle des  Ottnanger Reviers über Thomasroith abtransportiert wurde. In Niederstraß wurde sie auf Fuhrwerke umgeladen und weiterverfrachtet. Schon 1860 wurde die k.k. privilegierten Kaiserin-Elisabeth-Bahn und der (heutige) Bahnhof Attnang-Puchheim eröffnet, was den Bahntransport ermöglichte. Die Kohlebahn selbst wurde mit der Kronprinz-Rudolf-Bahn (heute Salzkammergutbahn) überbaut, der Abbau 1968 endgültig eingestellt.

Am 21. April 1945, wurde auch Niederstraß mit der Bahnhofumgebung durch amerikanische Bombenangriffe stark verwüstet. Zwischen Puchheim und Niederstraß wurde der Ortskern Neu-Attnang und heute Stadtkern Attnang-Puchheim neu aufgebaut, und das Dorf wurde zunehmend zum Stadtteil (Stadterhebung 1990).

Literatur
 Ferdinand Kreuzer: Niederstraß. Wirtschaft und Bevölkerung eines Dorfes von 1700-1850. Diplomarbeit, Universität Salzburg, 1994.

Weblinks

 Website der Gemeinde

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Bezirk Vöcklabruck
Attnang-Puchheim
Ort im Salzkammergut
Hausruck und Kobernaußerwald
Ort im Einzugsgebiet der Ager
Vöckla-Agertal

Niederstraß


(4405) Otava ist ein Hauptgürtelasteroid, der am 21. August 1987 von Zdeňka Vávrová vom Kleť-Observatorium aus entdeckt wurde.

Der Asteroid wurde nach dem tschechischen Fluss Otava benannt.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Hauptgürtelasteroid unter 50 km Durchmesser

(4405) Otava


An Pycreus rhizomatosus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Charles Baron Clarke. An Pycreus rhizomatosus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pycreus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Madagascar. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pycreus

Pycreus rhizomatosus


{{Taxobox
| name = Mjallarsmæra
| image =  Oxalis_enneaphylla.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Rósasmæra (O. e. ´Rosea´)
| regnum = Jurtaríki (Plantae)
| divisio = Dulfrævingar (Magnoliophyta)
| classis = Tvíkímblöðungar (Magnoliopsida)
| ordo = Oxalidales
| familia = Súrsmæruætt (Oxalidaceae)
| genus = Oxalis
| species = O. enneaphylla
| binomial = Oxalis enneaphylla
| binomial_authority = Cav.
| synonyms =
Acetosella enneaphylla (Cav.) Kuntze
Oxalis cunninghamii R. KnuthOxalis enneaphylla patagonica (Speg.) Skottsb.Oxalis enneaphylla subsp. ibari (Phil.) LourteigOxalis enneaphylla var. pumila (d'Urv.) Hook.Oxalis frigida R. KnuthOxalis ibari Phil.Oxalis patagonica Speg.Oxalis pumila d'Urv.
}}

Mjallarsmæra (fræðiheiti: Oxalis enneaphylla) er jurt af smæruættkvísl sem er ættuð frá S-Síle (Eldland) og Falklandseyjum. Tegundin er með hvít til bleik og er bleika afbrigðið ´Rosea´ kallað Rósasmæra. Tegundin hefur reynst afbragðs garðplanta hérlendis.

Tegundarnafnið enneaphylla kemur úr grísku orðurnum εννεα (ennea), "níu" og φυλλον (phyllon), "blað" , og vísar þar til fjölda smáblaða.

Til hennar teljast tvær undirtegundir
 O. e. enneaphylla O. e. ibari''

Tilvísanir

Súrsmæruætt

Mjallarsmæra


ماندم عليك هو ألبوم للفنانة نوال الزغبي، أصدر في عام 1998 وأنتج في شركة ريلاكس-إن العالمية، وتم إصدار الألبوم بعد سنة من إصدارها ألبوم حبيت ياليل

مسار الأغاني

فيديو كليب

 ماندم عليك
فيديو ماندم عليك تظهر فيه نوال الزغبي وهي تهرب من رجال المافيا

 على بالي
الفيديو كليب لأغنية على بالي تظهر نوال وهي تطير إلى دول مختلفة وهي على سريرها وتشاهد أشياء مثل برج إيفل

 قلبي دق
نوال كانت حامل بإبنتها «تيا» في فيديو كليب قلبي دق لذلك هي لم تتحرك على الإطلاق في الفيديو، الفيديو كليب كان عبارة عن حفلة في الأدغال على الطريقة الإسبانية

ألبومات 1998
ألبومات باللغة العربية
ألبومات نوال الزغبي

ماندم عليك (ألبوم)


An Eriopsis mesae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Friedrich Fritz Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin. An Eriopsis mesae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eriopsis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Colombia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eriopsis

Eriopsis mesae


La zone d'Activité Bastillac-Cognac est un quartier de la ville de Tarbes, dans le département français des Hautes-Pyrénées, situé à l'ouest de la ville.

Origine du nom

Géographie
Le quartier est situé entre la commune d'Ibos à l'ouest et les quartiers d'Urac-Sendère, de Solazur et de La Gespe à l'est.

Il est parcouru dans toute sa longueur du sud au nord par le ruisseau de l'Échez.

Histoire
C'est en 1996 grâce à l'ancien maire de Tarbes, Raymond Erraçarret, que la création de la Zone d'Activité Bastillac est démarrée.

Morphologie urbaine
Le secteur comprend différentes zones d'activités, entreprises logistiques, activités technologiques, négoces de services, commerces et services du quotidien …

Le quartier contient les secteurs : Bastillac, Cognac, Lalette, Garonnère.

Évolution démographique

Parcs et places
 La partie ouest du parc Raymond-Erraçarret qui comprend les jardins de quartier.

Enseignement

Lycées
 Lycée public Lautréamont.
 STAPS.

Infrastructures

Sportives
 Gymnase Lautréamont.
 Maison Régionale de l'Escrime siège de l'Amicale tarbaise d'escrime.
 Maison des Arts Martiaux.

Transports
C'est l'entreprise Keolis qui exploite les lignes urbaines de bus de Tarbes, depuis le .

La rocade sud de Tarbes passe au sud de la zone industrielle.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Tarbes
 Dictionnaire des rues

Liens externes

Zone d'Activité Bastillac-Cognac

Quartier Zone d'Activité Bastillac-Cognac (Tarbes)


الخماسي الحديث أو البنتاثلون هي رياضة مركبة تتكون من 5 لعبات يمارسها لاعب واحد ويؤديها في يوم واحد وهي من أقدم الألعاب الأوليمبية. و«الخماسي» هي الرماية وسلاح سيف المبارزة والسباحة والفروسية واختراق الضاحية (العدو الريفي). ينال المشترك نقاطا معينة وفقاً للنتيجة التي يحققها في كل مسابقة ويتم ترتيب اللاعبين بحسب ما يحصلون عليه من نقاط.

المسابقة

تتضمن المسابقة:
 الرماية بطبنجة ضغط هواء على مسافة 10 أمتار  وتتألف من أربع جولات، يطلق المتنافس خمس طلقات في كل جولة.
 منافسة في سلاح سيف المبارزة في مجموعة واحدة مدة المنافسة ثلاث دقائق فقط.
 السباحة الحرة لمسافة 200 متر.
 الفروسية وقفز السدود والتي تتم بحصان غير مألوف لدى الفارس وتقدمه اللجنة المنظمة ويجب أن تكون الخيول قريبة في المستوى ويجري نوع من الاقتراع لتخصيص حصان لكل فارس ثم يتاح له ثلث ساعة يقفز فيها 5 قفزات في التسخين ثم يقفز على الكرسي الذي يتكون من 12 سدا و15 قفزة عبر سد ثنائي مركب وسد ثلاثي مركب.
 اختراق الضاحية لمسافة 3 آلاف متر.

تاريخ اللعبة

قديما
يعود الخماسي الحديث، إلى ما قبل الميلاد، وقد مارسه اليونانيون القدماء، وأدخلوه جدول الألعاب الأولمبية القديمة التي كانوا يحيونها على شرف الآلهة. وتضمن الخماسي أيام الإغريق الجري في طول الاستاد والقفز ورمي الرمح والقرص والمصارعة، وأدخل الأولمبياد القديم لأول مرة في نسخته الثامنة عشرة عام 708 ق.م.

وهناك قول مأثور للفيلسوف الإغريقى أرسطو مفاده «أن الرجال الرياضيين الأكثر روعة هم المبدعون في المسابقات الخماسية، لأنهم يجمعون القوة والسرعة والتناسق الجسماني».

العصر الحديث

وفي العصر الحديث ابتكرها مؤسس الألعاب الأولمبية الحديثة الفرنسي بيير دي كوبيرتان سنة 1912 في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية باستكهولم 1912 الذي استلهم فكرته من الخماسي الذي كان يمارسه قدامى اليونان لتشجيع ممارسة أكثر من لعبة رياضية. أما الاتحاد الدولي للألعاب الخماسية الحديثة فيقول: «إن فكرة اختيار خمس ألعاب مختلفة ومتنوعة تشكل بمجموعها الخماسي الحديث، قد برزت من فكرة أساسية تستند إلى إحساس جياش ومغامرة قاسية لضابط ارتباط عسكري سقط من ظهر جواده في أرض العدو، لكنه دافع عن نفسه ببسالة مستخدما مسدسه وسيفه، ثم سبح وعبر نهرا هائجا، ثم سار على قدميه ونجح في إيصال رسالة كان يحملها لمسئوليه.»

تأسس الاتحاد الدولي للخماسي الحديث عام 1967, وكان اسمه في ذلك التاريخ الاتحاد الدولي للخماسي الحديث والبينتاثلون حتى عام 1993، حين استقلت لبينتاثلون باتحاد خاص تحت مسمى الاتحاد الدولي للبينتاثلون.

أوليمبيا
دخل الخماسي الحديث الجدول الأولمبي لأول مرة في أولمبياد ستوكهولم 1912 ومنذ ذلك الحين لم تغب الخماسي الحديث عن أي من الدورات التالية، وفي فترة من الفترات أدرجت مسابقة الخماسي الحديث للفرق بدءاً من دورة هلسنكي 1952، وحتى دورة برشلونة 1992 ضمنًا.

و تأخرت مشاركة السيدات في هذه الرياضة كثيراً وسجلت لأول مرة في أولمبياد سيدني 2000.

و تعتبر المجر والسويد في طليعة الدول المميزة في هذه الرياضة، ولكلاهما تسع ذهبيات أولمبية بالإضافة للفضيات والبرونزيات، ثم يأتي الاتحاد السوفيتي بخمس ذهبيات.

معرض صور

انظر أيضا
 صيد الحمام

مراجع

ألعاب رياضية فردية
العدو الريفي
خماسي
خماسي حديث
رماية
رياضات الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية
رياضات متعددة
رياضية عسكرية
سباحة
قسوة على الحيوانات
قفز الحواجز
مبارزة السلاح

الخماسي الحديث


Prisap je naseljeno mjesto u gradu Livnu, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Stanovništvo

1991.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 1991. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 361

 Hrvati - 347
 ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 14

2013.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 2013. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 352

 Hrvati - 349
 ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 3

Izvori

Naselja u Hercegbosanskoj županiji
Livno

Prisap


Louis Marie-Anne Couperus (10 June 1863 – 16 July 1923) was a Dutch novelist and poet. His oeuvre contains a wide variety of genres: lyric poetry, psychological and historical novels, novellas, short stories, fairy tales, feuilletons and sketches. Couperus is considered to be one of the foremost figures in Dutch literature. In 1923, he was awarded the Tollensprijs (Tollens Prize).

Couperus and his wife travelled extensively in Europe and Asia, and he later wrote several related travelogues which were published weekly.

Youth

Louis Marie-Anne Couperus was born on 10 June 1863 at Mauritskade 11 in The Hague, Netherlands, into a long-established, Indo family of the colonial landed gentry of the Dutch East Indies. He was the eleventh and youngest child of John Ricus Couperus (1816–1902), a prominent colonial administrator, lawyer and landheer or lord of the private domain (particuliere land) of Tjikopo in Java, and Catharina Geertruida Reynst (1829–1893). Through his father, he was a great-grandson of Abraham Couperus (1752-1813), Governor of Malacca, and Willem Jacob Cranssen (1762-1821), Governor of Ambon with a female-line, Eurasian lineage that goes back even earlier to the mid-eighteenth century.

Four of the ten siblings had died before Louis was born. Couperus was baptized on 19 July 1863 in the Eglise wallonne in The Hague. When Louis reached the age of five, his youngest sister, Trudy, was twelve years old and his youngest brother, Frans, eleven. In The Hague he followed lessons at the boarding school of Mr. Wyers, where he first met his later friend Henri van Booven. On 6 November 1872 the Couperus family left home, travelled by train to Den Helder and embarked on the steamboat Prins Hendrik, which would bring them back to the Dutch East Indies. They arrived on 31 December 1872 in Batavia, where they spent the night at the then famous Hotel des Indes. The family settled in a house in Batavia, located on the Koningsplein and the mother of Couperus and his brother Frans (who was suffering from peritonitis) returned to the Netherlands in December 1873; his mother returned to the Dutch East Indies in April 1874. So Couperus spent part of his youth (1873–1878) in the Dutch East Indies, going to school in Batavia.

Here he met his cousin, Elisabeth Couperus-Baud, for the first time. In his novel De zwaluwen neergestreken (The swallows flew down), he wrote about his youth:
 "We are cousins and have played together. We danced together at children's balls. We still have our baby pictures. She was dressed in a marquise dress and I was dressed as a page. My garment was made of black velvet and I was very proud of my first travesti."
In the Dutch East Indies, Couperus also met his future brother-in-law for the first time, Gerard de la Valette (a writer and official at the Dutch Indian Government who would marry his sister Trudy), who wrote in 1913 about his relationship with Couperus:
 We met first at Batavia, when he was a boy of ten years and I was a young man. We saw each other at rather large intervals. Yet I saw him often enough, as a boy and a young man, that we developed a good and familiar relationship.After he finished primary school, Couperus attended the Gymnasium Willem III in Batavia. In the summer of 1878 Couperus and his family returned to the Netherlands, where they went to live in a house at the Nassaukade (plein) 4. In The Hague Couperus was sent to the H.B.S. school; during this period of his life, he spent a lot of time at the Vlielander-Hein family (his sister was married to Benjamin Marius Vlielander Hein); later their son, François Emile Vlielander Hein (1882–1919), was his favourite nephew, who helped him with his literary work. At the HBS Couperus met his later friend Frans Netscher; during this period of his life, he read the novels written by Émile Zola and Ouida (the latter he would meet in Florence, years later). When Couperus' school results did not improve, his father send him to a school where he was trained to be a teacher in the Dutch language. In 1883 he attended the opera written by Charles Gounod Le tribut de Zamora; he later used elements of this opera in his novel Eline Vere.

Start of Couperus' career as a writer
In 1885 plans were made to compose an operetta for children. Virginie la Chapelle wrote the music, and Couperus provided the lyrics for  ("Sleeping beauty in the forest"). The opera was staged by a hundred children at the Koninklijke Schouwburg (Royal Theatre) in The Hague. In January 1885 Couperus had already written one of his early poems, called Kleopatra. Other writings from this period include the sonnet Een portret ("A Portrait") and Uw glimlach of uw bloemen ("Your smile or your flowers"). In 1882, Couperus started reading Petrarch and had the intention to write a novel about him, which was never realized, although he did publish the novella  ("In the house near the church"), loosely inspired by Plutarch. When Couperus just had finished his novella Een middag bij Vespaziano ("An Afternoon at Vespaziano"), he visited Johannes Bosboom and his wife Anna Louisa Geertruida Bosboom-Toussaint, whose works Couperus greatly admired. Couperus let Mrs. Bosboom-Toussaint read his novella, which she found very good. In 1883 Couperus started writing Laura; this novella was published in parts in De Gids (a Dutch literary magazine) in 1883 and 1884. In 1885 Couperus' debut in book form,  ("A ribbon of poems") was published (by publisher J.L. Beijers with a book cover designed by painter Ludwig Willem Reymert Wenckebach). In these days a person Couperus greatly admired for his sense of beauty and intelligence was writer Carel Vosmaer, whom he frequently met while walking in the center of The Hague.

In 1883 Couperus saw Sarah Bernhardt performing in The Hague, but was more impressed by her dresses than her performance itself. The next year, John Ricus Couperus, father of Louis Couperus, sold his family estate "Tjicoppo", located in the Dutch East Indies and gave order to build a house at the Surinamestraat 20, The Hague. Here Couperus continued writing poetry and his study of Dutch literature. In June 1885 he was appointed member of the very prestigious Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde (Society of Dutch Literature), two years after he published  ("Orchids. A Bundle of Poetry and Prose"), which had received mixed reviews. Journalist Willem Gerard van Nouhuys wrote that Orchideeën lacked quality, Jacob Nicolaas van Hall was positive, and Willem Kloos called it "literary crap". Couperus passed his exam on 6 December 1886 and received his certificate, which allowed him to teach at secondary schools. However, he did not aspire to a teaching career and decided to continue writing literature instead. At the end of 1887 he started to write what was to become his most-famous novel, Eline Vere.

Eline Vere, the beginning of success

Shortly before Couperus wrote , he had read War and Peace and Anna Karenina, written by Leo Tolstoy. The structure of Couperus' book Eline Vere was similar to that of Anna Karenina (division into short chapters). He had also just read Ghosts, a play written by Henrik Ibsen; reference to the leading character of Ghosts is made when Eline Vere is delirious with fever and cries: "Oh god, the ghosts, approaching grinning" – also the suicide by the main characters in Eline Vere and in Ghosts by taking an overdose of morphine is the same. Between 17 June until 4 December 1888, the novel Eline Vere was published in the Dutch newspaper Het Vaderland; a reviewer in the Algemeen Handelsblad wrote: "The writer has talent".
Meanwhile, Couperus wrote a novella called Een ster ("A Star"), which was published in "Nederland" and made a journey to Sweden. In this period of his life, Couperus was an active member of the drama club of writer Marcel Emants ("Utile et Laetum" meaning 'useful and happy'), and here he met a new friend, Johan Hendrik Ram, a captain of the grenadiers, who would later commit suicide (December 1913). In April 1890 the Nieuwe Gids (New Guide) published a review of Eline Vere, written by Lodewijk van Deyssel, in which he wrote "the novel of Mr. Couperus is a good and a literary work". Couperus also met a new friend, writer Maurits Wagenvoort, who invited Couperus and painter George Hendrik Breitner to his home.

A second edition of Eline Vere was published within a year. Couperus finished his next novel, Noodlot ("Fate") in May 1890; this novel was then published in De Gids. It is possible that the leading character of Noodlot, Frank, was inspired by the character of Couperus' friend, Johan Hendrik Ram, a strong and healthy military person. Couperus now started reading Paul Bourget's novel Un coeur de femme, which inspired him during the writing of his novella Extaze ("Ecstasy"). In July 1890 he completed Eene illuzie ("An Illusion") and on 12 August 1890 received the prestigious D.A. Thiemeprijs (D.A. Thieme prize, named after the noted publisher). In October that same year, he travelled to Paris, where he received a letter from his publisher-to-be, L.J. Veen, asking permission to publish Noodlot, which offer Couperus rejected because this book was supposed to be published by Elsevier. When his uncle Guillaume Louis Baud died, Couperus went back to The Hague to attend the funeral. Here Couperus decided to marry his cousin Elisabeth Couperus-Baud. The marriage took place on 9 September 1891 in The Hague.

More successes as a writer
On 21 September 1891, Couperus and his wife settled in a small villa at the Roeltjesweg (now Couperusweg) in Hilversum; after Couperus finished his new book Extaze in October 1891 he wrote Uitzichten ("Views") and started with his new romantic and spiritual novella Epiloog ("Epilogue"). Extaze was published in 1892 in The Gids, and Couperus asked publisher L.J. Veen to publish it as a novel, but refused the offer Veen made him. In 1891 an English translation of Noodlot, Footsteps of Fate (translation made by Clara Bell) and in 1892 an English translation of Eline Vere were released. Meanwhile, L.J. Veen made Couperus a better offer, which he accepted, and Couperus received from Oscar Wilde his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray; Wilde had read the translation of Couperus' Footsteps of Fate. and wrote to Couperus to compliment him with his book. Elisabeth Couperus-Baud translated Wilde's novel into Dutch: Het portret van Dorian Gray. Dutch critics wrote divergent reviews about Extaze: writer and journalist Henri Borel said that, the book was something like a young boy messing with an egg, while Lodewijk van Deyssel found it great. Frederik van Eeden wrote that he had a specific aversion against the book. Couperus and his wife moved to The Hague, where Couperus wrote Majesteit ("Majesty"), after he had read an article in The Illustrated London News about Nicholas II of Russia. Gerrit Jäger, a play writer, wrote a theatre performance of Noodlot; it was performed in 1892 by the Rotterdam theatre company, and the then-famous Dutch actor , who was an acquaintance of Couperus, played one of the leading characters. On 1 February 1893 Couperus and his wife left for Florence, but they had to return because of the death of Couperus' mother. He wrote about how she rested on her deathbed in his novel Metamorfoze ("Metamorphosis"). During this time Elisabeth Couperus-Baud was translating George Moore's novel  Vain Fortune, while Majesteit was published in The Gids.

In 1894 Couperus joined the editorial board of De Gids; other members were Geertrudus Cornelis Willem Byvanck (a writer), Jacob Nicolaas van Hall (writer and politician), Anton Gerard van Hamel (professor in the French language), Ambrosius Hubrecht and Pieter Cort van der Linden. In September 1893 Couperus and his wife left for Italy for the second time. In Florence they stayed in a pension close to the Santa Maria Novella; here Couperus wrote in November 1893 a sketch, Annonciatie, a literary description of the painting of the same name by Simone Martini and Lippo Memmi in the Uffizi gallery. In December Couperus and his wife visited Rome, where Couperus wrote San Pietro (his impression of St. Peter's Basilica), Pincio, Michelangelo's cupola, Via Appia and Brief uit Rome ("Letter from Rome"). In these works, Couperus gave references to the works he had read about Rome: Ariadne by Ouida, Rienzi by Bulwer, Transformation by Hawthorne, Voyage en Italie by Taine and Cosmopolotis by Bourget. In February 1894 Couperus travelled to Naples and Athens, and then returned to Florence, where he visited Ouida. Couperus and his wife returned to the Netherlands, where Elisabeth Couperus-Baud made a translation of George Moore's Vain Fortune; they went to live in the house at the Jacob van der Doesstraat 123. During this time Gerrit Jäger committed suicide by drowning. Couperus now started working on what was to become Wereldvrede ("World Peace") and wrote a translation of Flaubert's La Tentation de Saint Antoine.

Consolidation phase

In 1894 an English translation was made by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos of Majesteit; reviewers were not satisfied, and in the Netherlands Couperus new novel Wereldvrede was seen by critics as a flat novel, intended for women. Apart from that Lodewijk van Deyssel wrote a review in which he asked Couperus to get lost ("De heer Couperus kan van mij ophoepelen"), and Couperus himself ended his editorship at De Gids (April 1895). In October 1895 Couperus and his wife travelled to Italy again, where they visited Venice; they stayed at a hotel near the Piazza San Marco, and Couperus studied the works of Tintoretto, Titian and Veronese. The next city they visited was Rome, where Couperus would receive a number of bad reviews of his book Wereldvrede. In Rome he met Dutch sculptor Pier Pander and Dutch painter Pieter de Josselin de Jong. In March 1896 Couperus and his wife returned to the Netherlands. In 1896 Hoge troeven ("High Trumps") was published with a book cover designed by Hendrik Petrus Berlage, and in April 1896 Couperus started writing Metamorfoze ("Metamorphosis"). In September Couperus visited Johan Hendrik Ram in Zeist, where Ram stayed with his father. Couperus spoke with Ram about Metamorfoze. That same year Couperus spend some time in Paris.
In 1897 Couperus finished writing Metamorfoze, which was to be published in De Gids. Meanwhile, Elisabeth Couperus-Baud translated Olive Schreiner's Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland. That same year Couperus and his wife left for Dresden but also spend some time in Heidelberg. In August 1897 Couperus started with his new book Psyche and was appointed officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau. In January 1898, De Gids started publishing chapters of Psyche.

In February 1898 Couperus travelled to Berlin, where he visited Else Otten, the German translator of his books and who would also translate Psyche into German. With Elisabeth Couperus-Baud he left the Netherlands in May 1898 for a short trip to London, where they met friends and visited Ascot Racecourse; Alexander Teixeira de Mattos introduced Couperus and his wife during a high tea to English journalists and literary people. Couperus also met Edmund Gosse, who had written a foreword to Footsteps of Fate in 1891, and English painter Lawrence Alma-Tadema, who was a brother-in-law of Gosse. Via Oxford, Couperus and his wife returned to the Netherlands, where he finished Fidessa in December 1898. Couperus and his wife then left for the Netherlands Dutch Indies and arrived at the end of March 1899 in Tanjung Priok. In June they visited Couperus sister Trudy and her husband Gerard Valette, who was working as a resident at Tegal. Here Couperus started to write his new novel, Langs lijnen der geleidelijkheid (Inevitable). When Gerard Valette and his wife had to move to Pasuruan because of Valette's work, Couperus and his wife spend some time in Gabroe (Blitar), where Couperus observed a spirit; this experience he would later use in his novel The Hidden Force (1900).

After the Hidden Force
Many of the details about the life and works of a resident in the Dutch East Indies Couperus derived from his brother-in-law De la Valette. He characterized The Hidden Force as: The Hidden Force gives back especially the enmity of the mysterious Javanese soul and atmosphere, fighting against the Dutch conqueror. Meanwhile, Couperus received a letter from his friend Johan Hendrik Ram, in which Ram wrote that he and lieutenant Lodewijk Thomson were about to travel to South Africa to follow the course of the Boer Wars as military diplomats. In March 1900 Couperus and his wife travelled back to the Netherlands, where in De Gids the text of Inevitable was published. In October 1900 Couperus and his wife moved to Nice, where Couperus read Henryk Sienkiewicz' With Fire and Sword, The Deluge and Quo Vadis, while his own The Hidden Force was published in the Netherlands. Meanwhile, Couperus started to work on his new novels Babel and De boeken der kleine zielen ("The Book of Small Souls"). In 1902 he was asked to become a member of the editorial board of a new magazine called "Groot Nederland", together with W.G. van Nouhuys and Cyriel Buysse. In October 1902 Couperus' father died at the age of 86. His house at Surinamestraat 20, The Hague was eventually sold to Conrad Theodor van Deventer. Couperus and his wife kept living in Nice, but Couperus went in January 1903 to Rome, where he met Pier Pander again and also received a letter from his publisher L.J. Veen, in which he complained that Couperus' books did not sell. In May 1903 Couperus published Dionyzos-studiën ("Studies of Dionysus") in Groot Nederland, in which Couperus paid tribute to classical antiquity (a doctrine without original sin) and especially to the god Dionysus.

Couperus left that year (1903) again for Italy (Venice) and went to Nice in September. During the winter of 1903–1904, he read Jean Lombard's work about Roman emperor Elagabalus; in 1903 Georges Duviquet published his Héliogabale, which was just what Couperus needed for his idea to write a novel about a crazy emperor (De berg van licht, "The Mountain of Light"). Meanwhile, to pay his bills, he wrote Van oude menschen, de dingen, die voorbij gaan ("Of old people, the things that pass"). In 1905 he published De berg van licht, which was rather controversial as it dealt with the subject of homosexuality. In 1906 Couperus and his wife left for Bagni di Lucca (Italy), where they stayed at Hotel Continental and were introduced to Eleonora Duse. In May 1907 Aan den weg der vreugde, a novella Couperus wrote while staying at Bagni di Lucca, was published in Groot Nederland; he received another letter from L.J. Veen, saying that Couperus' books did not sell well, and so Couperus wrote a farewell letter to Veen in which he told Veen this was the end of their business relationship. During the summer of 1907 Couperus wrote in Siena the story Uit de jeugd van San Francesco van Assisi'("From the youth of St. Francis of Assisi") to be published in Groot Nederland. From this period on Couperus claimed that the days of novels were counted and that short stories (called short novels by Couperus) were the novels of the future. Couperus would write a series of short stories, which he published the then coming years in magazines such as "De Locomotief", "De Telegraaf" and the "Kroniek".

Endless travelling
During the winter of 1908 Couperus resided in Florence, where he translated John Argyropoulos' Aristodemus; he published his translation in Groot Nederland. In August 1908 Couperus and his wife started a pension lodge in Nice and placed an advert in the New York Herald to attract future guests. As of 27 November 1909 Couperus started publishing weekly serials in the Dutch newspaper Het Vaderland; he also published Korte arabesken ("Short Arabesques", 1911, with publisher Maatschappij voor
goede en goedkoope lectuur) and a cheap edition of De zwaluwen neêr gestreken... ("The Swallows Flew Down", with publisher Van Holkema & Warendof). In December 1910 Couperus wrote in his sketch Melancholieën ("Melancholia") about the death of his father, mother, sister and brother:
 "They are the ghosts of Death ... These are the shades of my grey father, my adored mother, they are the ghosts of my sister, brother and friend. And between their shadows are the pale ghosts of the Commemorations ... Because the room is full of ghosts and ghosts. My silent, staring eyes are full of tears and I feel old and tired and afraid."
In the second part of 1910, Couperus started to write a novel again, despite the fact he earlier had said he never would write one again. This novel was to be called Antiek toerisme, een roman uit Oud-Egypte ("Tourism in Antiquity, a Novel from Ancient Egypt") and was published in Groot Nederland. The book would be rewarded with the "Nieuwe Gids prize for prose" in 1914. At the end of 1910, Couperus and his wife gave up their pension in Nice and travelled to Rome. In Rome Couperus collected and rearranged some of his serials, which he intended to publish in a book, Schimmen van schoonheid ("Shadows of Beauty").

Since Couperus and publisher L.J. Veen were unable to agree on the payment of Couperus, Couperus then published Schimmen van schoonheid and Antiek Toerisme with publisher Van Holkema en Warendorf. In Rome Couperus visited Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica, San Saba, the Villa Madama and the Colosseum (among other things). He also paid a visit to the Borgia Apartment and wrote a number of sketches about Lucrezia and Pinturicchio, who had painted her. In 1911 he wrote in Groot Nederland a sketch about Siena and Ostia Antica. He read Gaston Boissier's Promenades archéologiques and made long walks through the ancient ruins of Rome. He also visited the exhibition in the Belle Arti in Florence, where also Dutch painters exhibited their work. Here he met Willem Steelink and Arnold Marc Gorter, who gave him a warm welcome. Couperus wrote about the travelling he and his wife constantly did: your living or not living, what hast thou found, O thou poor seekers, O thou poor vagabonds, rich in suitcases?  Couperus spend the winter of 1911–1912 in Florence; meanwhile the Greco-Turkish War broke out and influenced life in Florence as well. Couperus wrote a sketch called De jonge held ("The Young Hero") about the son of friends in Italy who returned wounded from the front. In December Couperus and his wife left for Sicily but spent some time in Orvieto, where they stayed in the same hotel that Bertel Thorvaldsen had once visited. Hereafter they travelled to Naples, where Couperus admired the Farnese Hercules, which inspired him to start writing his next novel, Herakles.

Trading places
The first chapters of Herakles appeared during the first half of 1912 in Groot Nederland. Couperus then stayed in Sicily, where he visited Syracuse and Messina; he and his wife then returned to Florence. During this period he visited Pisa and then travelled to Venice, where he attended the inauguration of the then-restored St Mark's Campanile (tower), and wrote about it in his sketch Feest van San Marco ("The party of San Marco"). Meanwhile, publisher L.J. Veen gave a positive answer to Couperus' question if he would be willing to publish the bundled sketches. As a result, in 1912 and 1913 Uit blanke steden onder blauwe lucht ("From white cities under blue sky") appeared in two parts. Couperus travelled from Venice to Igis and to Munich, where he visited a performance of Calderóns El mayor encanto, amor in the Künstler-Theater and a performance of Mozart's Don Giovanni at the Residenz-Theater. When Couperus celebrated his 50th birthday, Het Vaderland paid tribute to him by letting his friends and admirers publish praising words. Those friends and admirers included but were not limited to Frans Bastiaanse, Emmanuel de Bom, Henri van Booven, Ina Boudier-Bakker, Marie Joseph Brusse (the father of Kees Brusse), Herman Heijermans and Willem Kloos. A committee was formed to collect the funds required for Couperus to make a journey to Egypt. Members of that committee were for example Pieter Cornelis Boutens, Alexander Teixeira de Mattos and K.J.L. Alberdingk Thijm. Couperus however could not make this journey to Egypt because of World War I.

On 29 September 1913, Johan Hendrik Ram killed himself, shooting a bullet into his head. Couperus returned to Florence later that year and attended the futuristic meeting of 12 December, which was also attended by Giovanni Papini and Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, at whom potatoes were thrown. Couperus admired them for their courage to speak despite the fact the public made so much noise they could hardly be heard. He also went to see the Mona Lisa, which had been found after it was stolen, at the Uffizi. Couperus said about new things such as futurism: The only thing that always will triumph in the end, above everything, is beauty. In these years he started reading Giovanni Papini's Un uomo finito; he compared the new literary movement to which Papini belonged, with those of the Tachtigers in the Netherlands. He wrote an article about Papini's book, which he called magnificent, an almost perfect book, and he compared Papini with Lodewijk van Deyssel. Papini and Couperus met in Florence and Couperus found Papini rather shy. Meanwhile, Elisabeth Couperus-Baud translated Pío Baroja's La ciudad de la niebla. During this time Couperus' Wreede portretten (Cruel portraits) were published in Het Vaderland. De Wrede portretten were a series of profiles of pension guests whom Couperus had met during his travels in Rome and elsewhere. He also had a meeting with Dutch actress Theo Mann-Bouwmeester, who suggested to change Langs lijnen van geleidelijkheid into a play; although this plan did not come into reality for Couperus it opened possibilities for his books in future.

Public performances
When World War I began, Couperus was in Munich. On 27 August 1914 the son of Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria, Luitpold, died of polio and Couperus went to see his body in the Theatrine Church. During this time he admired the German: I admire them because they are tragic and fight a tragic struggle, like a tragic hero fights. In September he returned to Florence and in February 1915 to the Netherlands, where he visited the premiere of Frederik van Eeden's De heks van Haarlem (The witch of Haarlem) and met Van Eeden. He made a translation of Edmond Rostands Cantecler, although the play was never performed on stage. During this time Couperus started making performances as an elocutionist. His first performance at the art room Kleykamp for an audience of students from Delft was a huge success. The decor consisted of a Buddha and a painting made by Antonio da Correggio that Abraham Bredius had lent for this occasion. Couperus read De zonen der zon (Sons of the sun) aloud. While Couperus made his performances, L.J. Veen published the first parts of Van en over alles en iedereen (By and about everything and everyone) and publisher Holkema & Warendorf De ongelukkige (The unfortunate) (1915). Couperus himself wrote that year De dood van den Dappere (The death of the brave one), which dealt with the end of El Zagal and started to write De Comedianten (The comedians), inspired by the Menaechmi; this book was published with Nijgh & Van Ditmar in 1917. Couperus read Ludwig Friedländers Darstellungen aus der Sittengeschichte Roms in der Zeit von August bis zum Ausgang der Antonine to increase his knowledge of Ancient Rome which he needed for De Comedianten.

In these years Couperus met S.F. van Oss, who was the founder of De Haagsche Post, who asked if Couperus would be willing to write for his magazine. Couperus later published his travelogues (made during his travels to Africa, Dutch East Indies and Japan) as a result in De Haagsche Post, as well as many epigrams. For his friend Herman Roelvink he translated the play written by George Bernard Shaw, Caesar and Cleopatra (1916). As from December 1916 he restarted writing his weekly sketch in Het Vaderland, for example Romeinsche portretten (Roman portraits), during which he was inspired by Martial and Juvenal. He also continued giving performances for the public in the evening. In 1917 he wrote the novel Het zwevende schaakbord (The floating chessboard), about the adventures of Gawain; this novel was first published as a serial in the Haagsche Post. He read as research for this book Jacob van Maerlant's Merlijns boec and Lodewijk van Velthem's Boec van Coninc Artur ("Book of King Arthur"). In July 1918 publisher L.J. Veen sent Couperus a translation of Vitruvius' De architectura and Couperus wrote about it in Het Vaderland. Meanwhile, het Hofstadtoneel (Residence Theater) was about to perform the stage version (made by Elisabeth Couperus-Baud) of Eline Vere; this play received bad product reviews. During this period of his life Couperus read the works written by Quintus Curtius Rufus, Arrian and Plutarch to find inspiration for his next work Iskander. The year 1919 was not a happy one for Couperus: his favourite nephew Frans Vlielander Hein died together with his wife when his ship was hit by a mine and L.J. Veen, his publisher and his brother-in-law Benjamin Marinus Vlielander Hein died that year as well.

Last years
In 1920 Iskander (a novel about Alexander the Great) was published in Groot Nederland; critics were not positive because of the many gay scenes. In October 1920 Couperus travelled for the Haagsche Post to Egypt; his travelogues were published weekly. In Africa he visited Algiers, travelled to Constantine, Biskra, Touggourt and Timgad and then continued his journey to Tunis and the ruins of Carthage, where he met a pupil of Marie-Louis-Antoine-Gaston Boissier. After this Couperus went back to Algiers, because he wanted to see the boxing skills of Georges Carpentier. Afterwards he wrote: I thought that in my life I have written too many books and boxed too little. On 3 May 1921 Couperus and his wife returned to Marseille and travelled to Paris, in time to be present at the festivities held for the canonization of Joan of Arc. On 1 June, Couperus and his wife left for England, where they would meet Alexander Teixeira de Mattos and during which visit Couperus wrote With Louis Couperus in London-Season; these stories were published in the Haagsche Post. In England Couperus met Stephen McKenna and Edmund Gosse. McKenna had written the forewords for Majesty and Old People and the Things that Pass. He also met Frank Arthur Swinnerton during a lunch and went to a Russian ballet in the Prince's Theater, where the orchestra was conducted by Ernest Ansermet.

He also met with his English publisher, Thornton Butterworth, visited a small concert, where Myra Hess played and also had meetings with George Moore and George Bernard Shaw. Couperus also had his photograph taken by E.O. Hoppé after which he had a meeting with the Dutch consul in London, René de Marees van Swinderen and a diner at the house of H. H. Asquith. The next day Couperus went to the Titmarsh club, where he met William Leonard Courtney, and heard Lady Astor, whom he had previously met in Constantine, speak in the House of Commons. Soon after this Couperus and his wife returned to the Netherlands.

In the Netherlands Couperus prepared himself for his journey to the Dutch East Indies, China and Japan. He and his wife left for the Dutch East Indies on 1 October 1921 aboard the mail ship Prins der Nederlanden. They left the ship at Belawan to stay with their friend Louis Constant Westenenk at Medan. In Batavia he dined with Governor-General Dirk Fock and also held public performances, where he would read out his books. After a visit to the Borobudur Couperus and his wife visited Surabaya and Bali. On 16 February they left for Hong Kong and Shanghai. In Japan they visited Kobe and Kyoto; in this last place Couperus became seriously ill, was diagnosed with Typhoid fever and was sent to the International Hospital in Kobe. After seven weeks he was fit enough to travel to Yokohama. He and his wife stayed for two weeks at the Fujiya Hotel, where Couperus read Kenjirō Tokutomi's novel Nami-Ko. He and his wife then travelled to Tokyo, where they stayed with the Dutch consul and visited Nikkō. They returned to the Netherlands on 10 October 1922.

Death and tributes

Back in the Netherlands, it turned out that Couperus' kidneys and liver were affected. Despite his illness Couperus wrote a series of sketches for Het Vaderland and Groot Nederland. He also was able to visit the opera again and went to see Aida. In 1923 the couple moved to De Steeg, where Couperus received the rather prestigious Tollens prize. Meanwhile, a committee was formed to celebrate Couperus' 60th birthday and gather funds as a birthday gift. Couperus' health deteriorated rapidly and apart from lung and liver problems Couperus suffered from an infection in his nose. During Couperus birthday party a sum of 12,000 guilders was handed over to him and speeches were held by Lodewijk van Deyssel and minister Johannes Theodoor de Visser; Couperus was also appointed knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion. During the following reception minister Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek and Albert Vogel, among many others, paid Couperus their respect. On 11 July 1923, Couperus was brought to hospital (in Velp), because the infection in his nose had not healed, but came back home a day later. He now suffered from erysipelas as well as sepsis in the nose. He fell into a coma on 14 July, remained in that state for two days with high fever and died on 16 July 1923. He was cremated at Westerveld, where Gustaaf Paul Hecking Coolenbrander (a nephew), among others, spoke to remember Couperus.

 Bibliography

Books published during Couperus' life

Poetry
 Een lent van vaerzen (1884) ("A ribbon of poems")
 Orchideeën. Een bundel poëzie en proza (1886) ("Orchids, a collection of prose and poetry")
 Williswinde (1895) ("Williswinde")

Novels
Translations by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos [1865-1921] unless noted otherwise.
 Eline Vere (1889); Translated into English by J. T. Grein as Eline Vere (1892); revised translation published in 2009 by Holland Park Press and new translation published in 2010 by Archipelago Books, NY.
 Noodlot (1890); Translated into English by Clara Bell as Footsteps of Fate (1891).
 Extaze. Een boek van geluk (1892); Translated into English as Ecstasy: A Study of Happiness (1897).
 Majesteit (1893); Translated into English as Majesty: A Novel (1895)
 Wereldvrede (1895) ("World peace")
 Metamorfoze (1897) ("Metamorphosis")
 Langs lijnen der geleidelijkheid (1900); Translated into English as Inevitable, The Inevitable (1920) or The Law Inevitable (1921).
 De stille kracht (1900); Translated into English as The Hidden Force: A Story of Modern Java (1921); revised edition with an introduction and notes by E.M. Beekman (1939-2008), Amherst : University of Massachusetts Press, 1985, 1992.
 De boeken der kleine zielen. De kleine zielen (1901); Translated into English as The books of small souls. Small Souls (1914).
 De boeken der kleine zielen. Het late leven (1902); Translated into English as The books of small souls. The Later Life (1915).
 De boeken der kleine zielen. Zielenschemering (1902); Translated into English as The books of small souls. The Twilight of the Souls (1917).
 De boeken der kleine zielen. Het heilige weten (1903); Translated into English as The books of small souls. Dr. Adriaan (1918).
 Dionyzos (1904)
 De berg van licht (1905/6) ("The mountain of light")
 Van oude menschen, de dingen, die voorbij gaan... (1906); Translated into English as Old People and the Things that Pass (1918)
 Antiek toerisme. Roman uit Oud-Egypte (1911); Translated into English as The Tour: A Story of Ancient Egypt (1920)
 Herakles (1913)
 De ongelukkige (1915) ("The unhappy one")
 De komedianten (1917); Translated into English by Jacobine Menzies-Wilson as The Comedians: A Story of Ancient Rome (1926).
 De verliefde ezel (1918) ("The donkey in love")
 Xerxes of de hoogmoed (1919); Translated into English by Frederick H. Martens as Arrogance: The Conquests of Xerxes (1930).
 Iskander. De roman van Alexander den Groote (1920)

Novellas, fairy tales, and short stories

 Eene illuzie (1892) ("An illusion")
 Hooge troeven (1896) ("High trumps")
 Psyche (1898); Translated into English by B. S. Berrington as Psyche (1908).
 Fidessa (1899)
 Babel (1901)
 God en goden (1903)
 Aan den weg der vreugde (1908) ("On the road of happiness")
 De ode (1919)
 Lucrezia (1920)
 Het zwevende schaakbord (1922) ("The floating chessboard")

Short stories and sketches
Louis Couperus wrote hundreds of short stories, sketches, travel impressions, and letters, which were first published as feuilletons. Those feuilletons were later bundled and published as books.
 Reis-impressies (1894) ("Travel impressions")
 Over lichtende drempels (1902) ("Over Shining Doorsteps")
 Van en over mijzelf en anderen. Eerste bundel (1910) ("About me and others. Volume I")
 Antieke verhalen van goden en keizers, van dichters en hetaeren (1911) ("Antique Stories, about gods and emperors, of poets and hetaeras")
 Korte arabesken (1911) ("Short Arabesques")
 De zwaluwen neêr gestreken... (1911) ("The Swallows Landed")
 Schimmen van schoonheid (1912) ("Shadows of beauty")
 Uit blanke steden onder blauwe lucht. Eerste bundel (1912) ("From white cities under a blue sky. Volume I")
 Uit blanke steden onder blauwe lucht. Tweede bundel (1913) ("From white cities under a blue sky. Volume II")
 Van en over mijzelf en anderen. Tweede bundel (1914) ("About me and others. Volume II")
 Van en over alles en iedereen (1915) ("About everything and everyone"):
 Rome ("Rome")
 Genève, Florence ("Geneva, Florence")
 Sicilië, Venetië, München ("Sicily, Venice, Munich")
 Van en over mijzelf en anderen ("About me and others")
 Spaansch toerisme ("Spanish tourism")
 Van en over mijzelf en anderen. Derde bundel (1916) ("About me and others. Volume III")
 Van en over mijzelf en anderen. Vierde bundel (1917) ("About me and others. Volume IV")
 Jan en Florence (1917) ("Jan and Florence")
 Wreede portretten (1917) ("Cruel portraits")
 Legende, mythe en fantazie (1918) ("Legend, myth and fantasy")
 Der dingen ziel (1918) ("The Soul of Things")
 Brieven van den nutteloozen toeschouwer (1918) ("Letters of the useless spectator")
 Elyata (1919)
 De betoveraar (1919) ("The enchanter")
 Met Louis Couperus in Afrika (1921) ("With Louis Couperus in Africa")
 Oostwaarts (1923); Translated into English by Jacobine Menzies-Wilson as Eastward (1924).
 Proza. Eerste bundel (1923) ("Prose. Volume I")
 Het snoer der ontferming (1924) ("The String of Compassion")
 Proza. Tweede bundel (1924) ("Prose. Volume II")
 Nippon (1925); Translated into English by John De La Valette as Nippon (1926).
 Proza. Derde bundel (1925) ("Prose. Volume III")

Miscellaneous
 De verzoeking van den H. Antonius (1896)

Verzamelde werken (Collected Works)
 Jeugdwerk; Eline Vere; Novellen (1953)
 Noodlot; Extase; Majesteit; Wereldvrede; Hoge troeven (1953)
 Metamorfose; Psyche; Fidessa; Langs lijnen van geleidelijkheid (1953)
 De stille kracht; Babel; Novellen; De zonen der zon; Jahve; Dionysos (1953)
 De boeken der kleine zielen (1952)
 Van oude mensen de dingen die voorbijgaan; De berg van licht (1952)
 Aan de weg der vreugde; Antiek toerisme; Verhalen en arabesken (1954)
 Herakles; Verhalen en dagboekbladen; Uit blanke steden onder blauwe lucht (1956)
 Lucrezia; De ongelukkige; Legenden en portretten (1956)
 De komedianten; De verliefde ezel; Het zwevende schaakbord (1955)
 Xerxes; Iskander (1954)
 Verhalen (1957)

Volledige werken Louis Couperus (Complete Works)
 Een lent van vaerzen (1988)
 Orchideeën. Een bundel poëzie en proza (1989)
 Eline Vere. Een Haagsche roman (1987)
 Noodlot (1990)
 Extaze. Een boek van geluk (1990)
 Eene illuzie (1988)
 Majesteit (1991)
 Reis-impressies (1988)
 Wereldvrede (1991)
 Williswinde (1990)
 Hooge troeven (1991)
 De verzoeking van den H. Antonius (1992)
 Metamorfoze (1988)
 Psyche (1992)
 Fidessa (1992)
 Langs lijnen van geleidelijkheid (1989)
 De stille kracht (1989)
 Babel (1993)
 De boeken der kleine zielen. I en II (1991)
 De boeken der kleine zielen. III en IV (1991)
 Over lichtende drempels (1993)
 God en goden (1989)
 Dionyzos (1988)
 De berg van licht (1993)
 Van oude menschen, de dingen, die voorbij gaan... (1988)
 Aan den weg der vreugde (1989)
 Van en over mijzelf en anderen (1989)
 Antieke verhalen. Van goden en keizers, van dichters en hetaeren (1993)
 Korte arabesken (1990)
 Antiek toerisme. Roman uit Oud-Egypte (1987)
 De zwaluwen neêr gestreken... (1993)
 Schimmen van schoonheid (1991)
 Uit blanke steden onder blauwe lucht (1994)
 Herakles (1994)
 Van en over alles en iedereen (1990)
 De ongelukkige (1994)
 De komedianten (1992)
 Legende, mythe en fantazie (1994)
 De verliefde ezel (1994)
 De ode (1990)
 Xerxes, of De hoogmoed (1993)
 Iskander. De roman van Alexander den Groote (1995)
 Met Louis Couperus in Afrika (1995)
 Het zwevende schaakbord (1994)
 Oostwaarts (1992)
 Proza. Eerste bundel (1995)
 Het snoer der ontferming. Japansche legenden (1995)
 Nippon (1992)
 Ongebundeld werk (1996)
 Ongepubliceerd werk (1996)

Published letters
 In two volumes: 1. Waarde heer Veen : (1890–1902) and 2. Amice : (1902–1919)''

Notes and references

Notes

References

External links

 Works by Louis Couperus  at the Digital Library for Dutch Literature
 Louis Couperus Society

1863 births
1923 deaths
19th-century Dutch novelists
19th-century Dutch male writers
20th-century Dutch novelists
20th-century Dutch male writers
Deaths from sepsis
Dutch male novelists
Dutch male poets
Indo people
Knights of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Writers from The Hague
Elocutionists

Louis Couperus


Abitibi County is a historical county in southwestern Quebec. Its county seat was in Amos. It extended from the Ontario border in the west to the Gouin Reservoir in the east, and included the communities of La Sarre and Val-d'Or in addition to Amos. It was bounded on the north by Abitibi Territory, on the east by Champlain County, on the west by the Ontario districts of Cochrane and Timiskaming and on the south by Témiscamingue County, Pontiac County, Montcalm County, Joliette County, Berthier County, Maskinongé County and St. Maurice County.

In the early 1980s Abitibi County was divided into Regional County Municipalities. The western panhandle section became Abitibi-Ouest MRC, the northcentral section went to Abitibi MRC, the eastcentral and southern sections went to Vallée-de-l'Or MRC, the farthest eastern section went to Le Haut-Saint-Maurice MRC (now La Tuque), and a small part in the southwest went to Rouyn-Noranda MRC (now Ville de Rouyn-Noranda).

Former counties of Quebec
Populated places disestablished in 1983

Yahoo!

Abitibi County, Quebec


Als Aiguière (französisch "Wasserkanne") wird ein Gießgefäß bezeichnet, das vom Mittelalter bis zum Barock in Gebrauch war.

Die Aiguière ist eine meist aus Edelmetall, aber auch aus Bergkristall oder Zinn gefertigte Schnabelkanne mit einem senkrechten Henkel. Üblicherweise ist sie reich verziert und weist einen breiten Schnabel auf. Als Gießgeschirr tritt sie gemeinsam mit einem dazugehörigen Becken auf und wurde dazu benutzt, nach dem Mahl die Hände zu überspülen.

Ab dem 16. Jahrhundert wurden Aiguièren in antikisierendem Stil angefertigt, sie verloren zunehmend ihre eigentliche Funktion und wurden schließlich nur noch als Dekorationsobjekte angefertigt. Im Barock dienten sie in prunkvoller Ausführung aus Elfenbein als Tafelaufsatz, die nach dem in Schwäbisch Gmünd ansässigen und auf solche Gefäße spezialisierten Elfenbeinschnitzer Johann Michael Maucher auch Maucher-Kannen genannt wurden.

Weblinks
 Aiguière in Das grosse Kunstlexikon von P.W. Hartmann
 Aiguière in Schmucklexikon von Prof. Leopold Rössler

Flüssigkeitsbehälter
Essgeschirr

Aiguière


Giovanni Branca (22. travnja 1571., Sant'Angelo in Lizzola – 24. siječnja 1645., Loreto) bio je talijanski inženjer i arhitekt, zapamćen do danas po uređaju kojeg neki komentatori smatraju pretečom parne turbine.

Život
Branca je rođen 22. travnja 1571. u Sant'Angelo in Lizzola. Od 1616. Branca je radio u Svetoj kući (kuća u kojoj je prema vjerovanju ukazala Isusova majka - Marija) u Loretu. Imenovan je građaninom Rima 1622. Umro je 24. siječnja 1645. u Loretu

Le Machine

Branca je osmislio mnogo različitih mehaničkih uređaja te je određeni broj posvetio Cenciju, guverneru Loreta. Objavio ih je u Rimu 1629. godine u formi knjige naslova Le machine. Knjiga sadrži 63 gravure s opisima na talijanskom i latinskom te služi kao primjer Theater of machines žanra, nazvanog prema Bessonovom djelu Theatrum Instrumentorum iz 16. stoljeća. Također valja naglasiti da, iako je Bessonova knjiga lijepo ilustrirana s gravurama, Brancino djelo je mala knjiga ilustrirana relativno lošom kvalitetom drvoreza.

Za razliku od drugih autora, Branca nije tvrdio da je izumitelj mnogih uređaja te je čak u jednom trenutku nesiguran na koji način funkcionira određeni uređaj.

Brancin takozvani parni stroj pojavljuje se 25. po redu u djelu Le Machine. Sastoji se od kotača s ravnim lopaticama (sličnom mlinskom kotaču) kojeg okreće vodena para proizvedena u zatvorenom kotlu te vođena do lopatica pomoću cijevi (iz tog razloga prihvatljivije bi bilo nazivati takav uređaj parnom turbinom). Branca je predlagao da se stroj koristi za pokretanje mlinova, drobilica, podizanje vode te sječu drva. Ne postoji dokaz da je ovaj stroj poslužio kao predložak kasnijim konstrukcijama parnog stroja te ne predstavlja veliki napredak nad Heronovim aeolipileom .

Manuale d'Architettura
Brancino djelo Manuale d'Architettura, izdano 1629., smatra se prvim džepnim arhitektonskim vodičem za planiranje i konstruiranje. Iskustvo arhitekta stekao je na nadgledajući radove pri gradnji Svete kuće u Loretu. Na tu poziciju postavio ga je vojvoda Urbina.<ref>{{cite book |first=Stefano |last=Ticozzi |year=1830 |title=Dizionario degli architetti, scultori, pittori, intagliatori in rame ed in pietra, coniatori di medaglie, musaicisti, niellatori, intarsiatori d'ogni etá e d'ogni nazione''' (Volume 1) |publisher=Gaetano Schiepatti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ownAAAAMAAJ |page=211}}</ref> Ponovno ju je izdao Leonardo de Vegni 1772. godine.

Branca je komunicirao s Benedettom Castellijem te u zadnjem poglavlju vodiča spominje njegov rad. Castellija mnogi smatraju osnivačem hidrodinamike pa ne čudi da je zadnje poglavlje Manuale d'Architettura o rijekama. Jednom prilikom Branca je pisao Castelliju o mlaznici za sifon fontane. Castelli je također svjedočio o nevinosti Brancinog djela  Le Machine'' pred inkvizicijom.

Utjecaj Brancinog rada
Nije u potpunosti jasno koliko je bio utjecajan Brancin rad, no poznato je da je Robert Hooke posjedovao Brancina djela.

Izvori

Talijanski arhitekti
Talijanski izumitelji

Giovanni Branca


El síndrome de Lemierre, también llamado sepsis post angina, es una complicación muy rara de la amigdalitis aguda que se caracteriza por una sepsis grave  y la aparición de una tromboflebitis de la vena yugular interna. Generalmente está causado por una bacteria llamada fusobacterium necrophorum que es un germen anaerobio habitual en la flora de la cavidad bucal. Se manifiesta con fiebre, malestar general, dolor y rigidez cervicales y dificultad respiratoria debida a múltiples embolias sépticas.   Esta enfermedad fue descrita por primera vez en el año 1936 por el médico André Lemierre que publicó un artículo en el que describía una serie de 20 casos, entre los cuales hubo una alta mortalidad. Desde la aparición de los tratamientos antibióticos, el pronóstico del síndrome de Lemierre ha mejorado considerablemente.

Referencias

Enfermedades infecciosas
Enfermedades raras
Enfermedades epónimas

Síndrome de Lemierre


Luis Gusmán (Buenos Aires, 1944) es un escritor y psicoanalista argentino. Su primera novela, El frasquito (1973), fue contemporánea a la aparición de la revista porteña Literal (1973-1977), de cuyo Comité de Redacción formó parte, junto a Osvaldo Lamborghini y Germán García. Junto a Eduardo Grüner y Jorge Jinkis, fue miembro de la también revista porteña Sitio (1981-1987). Se destacó, además, como miembro del Comité de Redacción de la revista Conjetural (1983). Obtuvo el Premio Konex - Diploma al Mérito en 2004, y el Konex de Platino en 2014, ambos en la categoría Novela.

En 2023, publica No quiero decirte adiós, una historia que retoma el personaje del pesista Walenski y que sale justo con la edición cincuentenaria de El frasquito, la mítica obra del escritor que regresa 50 años después en una nueva edición conmemorativa.

Obra

Novela
El frasquito (1973)
Brillos (1975)
Cuerpo velado (1978)
En el corazón de junio (Premio Boris Vian, 1983)
La muerte prometida (1986)
La rueda de Virgilio (1989)
Lo más oscuro del río (1990)
La música de franky (1993, 2016)
Villa (1996)
Tennessee (1997)
De dobles y bastardos (2000)
Ni muerto has perdido tu nombre (2002)
El peletero (2007)
Los muertos no mienten (2010)
La casa del Dios oculto (2012)
Hasta que te conocí (2015)
No quiero decirte adiós (2023)

Ensayo
La ficción calculada (1998)
Hotel Edén (1999)
Epitafios (2005, 2018)
La pregunta freudiana (2011)
Kafkas (2015)
La ficción calculada 2 (2015)
Barthes, un sujeto incierto (2015)
La literatura amotinada (2018)
Esas inútiles moscas (2018)
La valija de Frankenstein (2018)

Filmografía

 1996: Sotto voce (adaptación cinematográfica de Mario Levín de Tennessee)
 2005: La otra orilla (documental de Contrakultura)

Referencias

Escritores en español del siglo XXI
Escritores en español del siglo XX

Luis Gusmán