Cemil Çiçek (d. 15 Kasım 1946, Yozgat); Türk avukat, siyasetçi ve eski TBMM başkanı. 2011-2015 yılları arasında TBMM Başkanlığı görevini sürdürmüştür. 2007-2011 yılları arasında Recep Tayyip Erdoğan tarafından kurulan 60. Türkiye Hükûmetinde başbakan yardımcısı olarak yer aldı. Bu görevinden önce 2002-2007 yılları arasında Abdullah Gül tarafından kurulan 58. Türkiye Hükûmetinde ve Erdoğan tarafından kurulan 59. Türkiye Hükûmetinde adalet bakanı olarak yer aldı.

İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesinden mezun olan Çiçek, Anavatan Partisinin (ANAP) kurucu üyeleri arasında yer aldı. İlk defa 1987 Türkiye genel seçimlerinde Yozgat milletvekili olarak meclise girdi. Turgut Özal tarafından 1987 yılında kurulan 46. Türkiye Hükûmetinde aileden sorumlu devlet bakanı olarak yer aldı.

ANAP'tan istifa edip Fazilet Partisine geçmesinin ardından 1999 Türkiye genel seçimlerinde Ankara milletvekili olarak meclise girmiştir. Daha sonra Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisine katılarak 2002 Türkiye genel seçimlerinde AK Parti Ankara milletvekili olarak meclise girdi. Ayrıca 2007, 2011 ve Kasım 2015 Türkiye genel seçimlerinde de AK Parti milletvekili olarak görev yaptı. Cemil Çiçek TOBB ETÜ Mütevelli Heyeti üyesidir.

Yaşamı

İlk yılları ve eğitimi (1946-1983)
Cemil Çiçek, 15 Kasım 1946 Yozgat'ta bir Türkmen köyü olan Musabeyliboğazı Köyü'nde 11 kardeşin en büyüğü olarak doğmuştur. Babasının adı Hacı Ahmet, annesinin adı Meliha'dır. İlkokulu kendi köyünde okudu. Yozgat İmam Hatip Lisesini birincilikle bitirerek 1965 yılında İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesine girdi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesinden mezun olan Çiçek, serbest avukat olarak çalıştı.

Siyasi yaşamı

Milli Selamet Partisi dönemi (1973-1980)
Siyasete 1973 yılında Milli Selamet Partisinde başlayan Çiçek 12 Eylül 1980 askeri darbesine kadar bu partide üyeliğini sürdürdü. 12 Eylül 1980 darbesinden sonra bütün siyasal faaliyetlerin durdurulması ile parti üyeliği sona erdi.

Anavatan Partisi dönemi (1983-1998)
20 Mayıs 1983 yılında Anavatan Partisinin 37 kurucu üyesi arasında yer aldı. 1984 Türkiye yerel seçimlerinde Anavatan partisinden Yozgat belediye başkanı seçildi. 1987-1989, 1989-1991, 6 Mart 1996 - 28 Haziran 1996 yıllarında aileden sorumlu devlet bakanlığı yapmıştır.

Fazilet Partisi dönemi (1998-2001)
Çiçek, 1998 yılında ANAP'tan istifa edip Fazilet Partisine geçti. 1999 genel seçimlerinde bu partiden Ankara milletvekili seçildi.

AK Parti dönemi (2001-günümüz)

Adalet bakanı (2002-2007)
Daha sonra Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisine katıldı. 3 Kasım 2002'de yapılan milletvekili seçimlerinde tekrar milletvekili olan Çiçek; 58 ve 59. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kükûmetlerinde adalet bakanı olarak görev yaptı. 59. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükûmetinde hükûmet sözcülüğü yaptı.

Başbakan yardımcısı (2007- 2011)
60. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükûmetinde devlet bakanı ve başbakan yardımcılığı görevine getirildi.

TBMM başkanlığı (2011 - 2015)
24. dönemde Ankara milletvekili seçilerek tekrar meclise giren Çiçek, 30 Haziran 2011'de AK Parti tarafından meclis başkanlığı için aday gösterildi. 4 Temmuz 2011'de yapılan başkanlık seçiminin üçüncü turunda 375 milletvekilinden 322'sinin oyunu alarak TBMM'nin 25. başkanı oldu.

2013 yılında yapılan başkanlık seçimlerinde Çiçek, 30 Haziran 2013'te AK Parti tarafından tekrar meclis başkanlığı için aday gösterildi. Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisinin adayı Cemil Çiçek 2 Temmuz 2013'te yapılan başkanlık seçiminin üçüncü turunda 299 oyla ikinci kez Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi başkanı seçildi. 7 Haziran 2015 genel seçimleri sonrasında görev süresi sona erdi.

TÜRKPA dönem başkanlığı
Türk Dili Konuşan Ülkeler Parlamenter Asamblesinin (TÜRKPA) IV. Genel Kurulu kapsamında 10 Haziran 2013 tarihli Asamble Konseyi toplantısında TBMM Başkanı sıfatıyla TÜRKPA dönem başkanlığını Kırgız Cumhuriyeti Meclis Başkanı'ndan devraldı.

2018 yılının Haziran ayında yapılan genel seçimlerde milletvekili adaylığı için başvuru yapmadı.

Cumhurbaşkanlığı Yüksek İstişare Kurulu üyesidir.

Özel yaşamı
Cemil Çiçek, İngilizce ve orta düzeyde Fransızca bilmektedir. Gülten Çiçek ile evlidir ve Ahmet Çağrı, İclal ve Şeyma adlarında 3 çocuk babasıdır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

1946 doğumlular
Yozgat belediye başkanları
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Bakanları
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakan Yardımcıları
İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
59. Hükûmet - Erdoğan Hükûmeti
TBMM 18. dönem Yozgat milletvekilleri
TBMM 20. dönem Ankara milletvekilleri
TBMM 21. dönem Ankara milletvekilleri
TBMM 22. dönem Ankara milletvekilleri
TBMM 23. dönem Ankara milletvekilleri
TBMM 24. dönem Ankara milletvekilleri
TBMM 26. dönem Ankara milletvekilleri
Anavatan Partisi mensubu siyasetçiler
Fazilet Partisi mensubu siyasetçiler
Türkiye Hükûmet sözcüleri
Yozgat doğumlu siyasetçiler
AGİT Parlamenterler Asamblesi Türk Grubu
TBMM Anayasa Komisyonu
Yaşayan insanlar
Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi MKYK üyeleri
21. yüzyıl Türk siyasetçileri
20. yüzyıl Türk avukatları
21. yüzyıl Türk avukatları
Türk muhafazakârlar

Cemil Çiçek


An Eria lancilabris in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Eria lancilabris in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eria

Eria lancilabris


Galapagospingvin (Spheniscus mendiculus) er den mindste art i slægten Spheniscus. Det er også den eneste pingvinart, der lever nord for ækvator; dog ikke hele bestanden. Galagapospingvinen er af IUCN klassificeret som en truet art.

Arten er nært beslæget med humboldtpingvinen og lever endemisk på Galapagosøerne. Galapagospingvinens krop er ca. 53 cm og voksne eksemplarer har en hvid tegning, der begynder ved øjnene og fortsætter i en bue over hovedets sider og ned over forkroppen.

Noter

Pingviner

Galapagospingvin


Chin-na, poznat još i kao qinna, ili chin na fa (kineski: 擒拿) skup je kineskih borilačkih vještina, koji se temelji na izvrtanju i zaključavanja protivnikovih zglobova (poluga), gušenju, stezanju i kontroli protivničkih mišića/tetiva tako da se ne mogu pomicati, čime se neutralizira borbenost protivnika.

Qinna shu (kineski: 術; pinyin: shù što znači "tehnika") doslovno se prevodi kao tehnika hvatanja brave . Neke škole jednostavno koriste riječ "na" ("držati") za opis tehnika.

Chin-na ima tehnike zahvata u stojećem položaju i na tlu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Chen-style taijiquan's characteristic qinna technique (engleski)

Borilačke vještine i športovi
Kina

Chin-na


Laut (alte Schreibweise: Laoet) ist eine Insel vor der Südostküste Borneos in der indonesischen Provinz Kalimantan Selatan. Sie ist 2062 km² groß und hat etwa 80.000 Einwohner. Der 725 Meter über dem Meeresspiegel gelegene Bamega ist der höchste Berg auf Laut. Die Insel bildet die südwestliche Ecke der Straße von Makassar; im Süden grenzt sie an die Javasee.

Administrativ ist die Insel in sechs Distrikte des Regierungsbezirks Kotabaru unterteilt:

 Pulau Laut Utara
 Pulau Tengah Laut
 Pulau Laut Selatan
 Pulau Laut Barat
 Pulau Laut Timur
 Pulau Laut Kepulauan

Neben der Fischerei haben auf Laut der Anbau von Pfeffer und Kautschuk eine wirtschaftliche Bedeutung.

Insel (Asien)
Insel (Javasee)
Insel (Indonesien)
Geographie (Kalimantan Selatan)
Straße von Makassar

Laut (Borneo)


Scheljasko Walkow (; * 22. Dezember 1957) ist ein bulgarischer Badmintonspieler.

Karriere
Scheljasko Walkow gewann 1985 seinen ersten beiden nationalen Titel im Herreneinzel und im Mixed in Bulgarien und war damit der erste Titelträger des Landes in diesen Disziplinen. Elf weitere Meisterehrungen folgten bis 1992. International siegte er bei den Romanian International 1991 und den Bulgarian International 1985. 1989 nahm er an den Badminton-Weltmeisterschaften teil.

Referenzen

Badmintonspieler (Bulgarien)
Bulgarischer Meister (Badminton)
Bulgare
Geboren 1957
Mann

Scheljasko Walkow


Tsé Tsan-tai (; 16 de maio de 1872 - 4 de abril de 1938), nome de cortesia Sing-on (), com o nome de arte Hong-yu (), foi um revolucionário chinês-australiano, ativo durante o final da dinastia Qing. Tsé tinha interesse em projetar dirigíveis, mas nenhum foi construído. Seu livro A República Chinesa: História Secreta da Revolução (), publicado em 1924 pelo South China Morning Post, do qual foi co-fundador, é uma importante fonte de estudos sobre a revolução anti-Qing.

Vida pregressa
Nasceu em Grafton, Nova Gales do Sul, filho de Tsé Yat-cheong () que era um nacionalista chinês, Tsé Tsan-tai foi batizado "James See" em 1º de novembro de 1879. Sua família era próxima da família de Vivian Chow Yung, outra proeminente sino-australiana de Grafton. Em 1887, Tsan-tai mudou-se para Hong Kong com sua família e foi educado na Escola Central do Governo (agora Queen's College). Posteriormente, Tsé trabalhou como secretário no Departamento de Obras Públicas do Governo de Hong Kong por quase 10 anos.

Interesse em dirigíveis

Tsé afirmou ter "inventado" e projetado o primeiro dirigível manobrável do mundo em 1894, que ele chamou de "CHINA". Depois de aperfeiçoar seu projeto, em 1899 ele escreveu para Hiram S. Maxim da então recém-fundida Vickers & Maxim Company, que também havia começado a construir dirigíveis. Ele forneceu desenhos e explicações sobre como seu projeto permitiria que os dirigíveis fossem guiados por hélices e que o balão, "em forma de charuto", seria envolto em uma casca de alumínio, "protegendo-o dos mísseis inimigos".

No entanto, Maxim obviamente não ficou muito impressionado, respondendo educadamente a Tsé que já estava de posse dos "segredos" de Tsé. Os "segredos" a que Maxim se referia foram, coincidentemente, revelados nesse mesmo ano com o lançamento na Alemanha do primeiro dirigível rígido gigante do Conde von Zeppelin. O Zeppelin estava muito à frente de Tsé, tendo começado a planejar essas naves já em 1874; ele até patenteou os desenhos detalhados do projeto em 1895, muito antes de Tsé começar a colocar no papel sua "invenção".

Como um revolucionário anti-dinastia Qing

Em 13 de março de 1892, Tsé, juntamente com Yeung Ku-wan e outros, fundaram a Furen Literary Society (Sociedade Literária Furen)em Pak Tse Lane, Sheung Wan, com o princípio orientador de "Ducit Amor Patriae" ( em chinês, literalmente "Ame seu país de todo o coração"). A Sociedade Literária Furen foi incorporada ao capítulo de Hong Kong da Sociedade para a Renegeração da China em 1895, com Yeung e Sun Yat-sen como presidente e secretário da sociedade, respectivamente. Quando Yeung e Sun fugiram para o exterior após o malsucedido Primeiro Levante de Guangzhou, Tsé permaneceu em Hong Kong.Depois que Yeung foi assassinado por agentes Qing em 1901, Tsé procurar arduamente seu enterro no Cemitério de Hong Kong, embora com uma lápide sem nome.  Determinado a vingar seu amigo, Tsé, junto com seu pai, seu irmão, Hung Chuen-fook () e tríades, tramaram outra revolta no Cantão. Eles pediram o estabelecimento do Estado do Grande Reino Celestial Ming (), um Estado democrático com um sábio e talentoso eleito como presidente, e persuadiu Yung Wing a servir como presidente provisório do Estado. De acordo com o plano, com patrocínio financeiro de Li Ki-tong (), eles destruiriam o Templo do Imperador () com explosivos em 28 de janeiro de 1903, matando todas as autoridades ali presentes, para depois ocupar a cidade do Cantão. A trama vazou para o governo Qing por um informante traidor.

Como jornalista, Tsé escreveu a primeira declaração da Sociedade para a Renegeração da China, com uma carta aberta ao imperador Guangxu em inglês. Ele também publicou a charge A situação no Extremo Oriente (The Situation in the Far East, ) para alertar os patriotas contra a ambição das potências ocidentais de dividirem a China. Em novembro de 1903, Tsé co-fundou o jornal South China Morning Post com Alfred Cunningham.

Tsé também era cristão e publicou um livro intitulado A Criação, o Jardim do Éden e a Origem dos Chineses em 1914. Nele, ele argumentou que o Jardim do Éden estava localizado na atual Xinjiang e que muitos eventos e narrativas bíblicas ocorreram nas proximidades da China.

Depois da revolução
Após a Revolução Xinhai em 1911, Tsé não se envolveu no governo da República da China . Ele morreu em 4 de abril de 1938 e foi enterrado em Hong Kong.

Referências

Cristãos da China
Naturais de Sydney
Mortos em 1938
Nascidos em 1872
Revolucionários da China
!Artigos com texto em chinês tradicional

Tsé Tsan-tai


Benzin, petrolden imal edilen bir tür yakıttır.

 150 °C'a kadar ham benzin,
 150-250 °C'a kadar gaz yağı, kerosen, jet yakıtı,
 250-350 °C'a kadar dizel yakıtı,
 350 °C'dan sonra da ağır yağlar elde edilir.

Kimyasal olarak benzin ham petrolün özelliğine bağlı olarak 120'den fazla hidrokarbon ihtiva eder. Bunların çoğu doymuş hidrokarbon yapısında olup, 4'ten 12'ye kadar karbon ihtiva ederler.

Sentetik olarak benzini Alman kimyager Bergius'un metodu ile kömürden elde etmek mümkündür. Bu metoda göre kömür yüksek basınç altında katalitik hidrojenasyon ile sıvı hidrokarbonlara dönüştürülür.

Fischer-Tropsch ise karbonmonoksit ile hidrojeni katalitik olarak birleştirerek sıvı hidrokarbon elde etmiştir. Her iki metot ile hem daha pahalı hem de daha kalitesiz benzin elde edilmektedir. Ancak yakın bir gelecekte bu işlemlerin ticari önemi olma ihtimali vardır.

Organik bileşenlerin parçalanması, katalitik veya ısı ile bozulmasıyla elde edilen benzin, bugünün motorlarının çoğu için gerekli olan yüksek performansı sağlar. Benzin en fazla içten yanmalı motorlarda ve bir dereceye kadar da özel sobalarda yakıt olarak, organik kimyada ise çözücü olarak kullanılır. Yağ endüstrisinin ilk zamanlarında büyük ölçüde atılan benzin, otomobil sanayisinin gelişmesiyle büyük önem kazanmıştır. Motor benzininin kaynama noktası 32,2 °C ile 210 °C arasındadır. Motor yakıtı olarak fonksiyonlarını tam yapabilmesi için, ticari benzin, şu özelliklere sahip olarak üretilmelidir:

 Değişik yük altında ve hızda durmadan yanabilmeli;
 Motorun kolay çalışması için soğuk havalarda yeterli olarak buharlaşmalı;
 Sıcak havalarda aşırı derecede buharlaşarak tıkanmalara sebep olmamalı;
 Motorda kurum teşkiline yol açan kaynama noktası yüksek olan bileşikleri bertaraf etmeli;
 Depo içinde oksitlenmeye yol açmamalı;
 Buji tıkanmasını ve karbüratör buzlanmasını minimuma indirmelidir.

Benzinin motorlarda hava ile olan hassas karışımı, iklim ve mevsime göre düzenlenir. Benzinin kalitesini belirten en önemli faktör, oktan sayısıdır. Oktan sayısı benzinin yanma esnasında vurmaya karşı direnç kabiliyetinin bir ölçüsüdür. Şayet oktan sayısı çok küçük ise motor vurur ve zarara uğrar. Oktan sayısı çok yüksek ise fazla kaliteli olması istenmediğinden gereksiz yere para ödenmiş olur. Otomobil motorlarında çeşitli oktanlara ihtiyaç olduğundan piyasaya çok sayıda oktan sayısı farklı benzin sürülmektedir. Çeşitli türlerdeki benzinlerin verdikleri enerjiler arasında küçük farklar vardır. Şayet otomobil supap vurmadan çalışıyorsa, farklı benzinlerle aldığı mesafeler aynıdır.

Petrol ürünleri
IARC 2B grubu kanserojenler
Fransızcadan Türkçeye geçen sözcükler
Alman icatları

Benzin


Kreativitet er en skabende evne eller virksomhed, som fx opfindsomhed, idérigdom og det at lave eller finde på noget nyt. Kreativitet er afgørende for at løse problemer og udfordringer - indenfor alle fag og i alle situationer og for at skabe forandring og fornyelse. Kreativitet er særlig forbundet med opfindelser og videnskap, kunst og håndværk, men også næringsliv og markedsføring hvor udøverne gennem fantasi og forestillingsevne tænker anderledes og nyt, skaber noget originalt eller sætter noget kendt sammen på nye måder. Den mentale proces bag kreativitet er kompliseret, og der er ingen entydige forklaringsmodeller eller definitioner. Ifølge Erik Lerdahl(2007) er kreativitet forbundet med evnen til at fantasere, forestille sig og udvikle nye ideer. Kreativitet kan være en medfødt egenskab, men kan også læres, udøves og optrænes gennem en rigtig holdning og praktiske teknikker og metoder (Lerdahl 2007). Der findes derfor en række kurser og bøger til at lære kreativitet.

Bøger om kreativitet
 Hans Chr. Andersen og Michael Flor Hansen, Guide til større kreativitet,
 Ole Striim, Kreativ problemløsning & praktisk idéudvikling,
 Kurt Hanks, Larry Belliston, Dave Edwards, Design Selv - Kreativ tænkning - problemløsning - tegning,
 Edward de Bono, 1967, The use of lateral thinking, ISBN
 Edward de Bono, The mechanism of Mind, ISBN
 Edward de Bono, Serious creativity : using the power of lateral thinking to create new ideas,
 Julia Cameron, Kreativitet : et praktisk og filosofisk kursus for kunstnere og andre der ønsker at udforske og genfinde deres kreativitet og selvtillid,
 Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi ,"Creativity. Flow and the psyhology of discovery andInvention. New York.HarperCollins Publishers.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Utvikling av naturvitenskapelig talent og kreativitet - et nordisk perspektiv, Nordisk ministerråd, København 2011.

Problemløsning
Filosofi
Psykologi
Religion
Teologi

Kreativitet


An Carex globulosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Phulphong ngan David Alan Simpson. An Carex globulosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex globulosa


El Salón de la Fama del Fútbol es un museo y Salón de la Fama localizado en Pachuca de Soto, estado de Hidalgo (México).

Arquitectura
El edificio se terminó de construir el 9 de junio de 2011, por el arquitecto Ricardo Calderón Zorrilla, empleándose concreto reforzado. El edificio tiene forma de esfera que emula un enorme balón de fútbol. Cuenta con una altura de 38 m de altura y 36 m de diámetro; cuenta con tres niveles y 120 escalones.

Historia

El 13 de marzo de 2005 se inauguró el Parque David Ben Gurión; originalmente se planeó un Museo de Arte Contemporáneo en este complejo. El edificio que albergaría al Museo de Arte Contemporáneo se construyó del año 2004 al año 2005. A mediados del año 2010 el Gobierno del estado de Hidalgo cedió el edificio al Grupo Pachuca, bajo el argumento de que el edificio se encontraba en el abandono. El edificio que albergaría al Museo de Arte Contemporáneo pasó a ser sede del Centro Interactivo Mundo Fútbol, y se empezó a construir el edificio que albergaría el Salón de la Fama del Fútbol; que se terminó de construir el 9 de junio de 2011.

El 9 de julio de 2011 el Presidente de México, Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, acompañado por el Presidente de Chile, Sebastián Piñera Echenique y el titular de la FIFA, Joseph Blatter, inauguraron el Salón de la Fama del Fútbol y el Centro Interactivo Mundo Fútbol. El 8 de noviembre de 2011 se realizó la primera Ceremonia de Investidura en el Teatro Auditorio Gota de Plata, donde treinta futbolistas fueron laureados. El 12 de noviembre de 2012 se realizó la segunda Ceremonia de Investidura, donde veintitrés personas fueron laureadas. El 13 de noviembre de 2013  se realizó la tercera Ceremonia de Investidura, donde veintitrés personas fueron laureadas.

El 11 de noviembre de 2014 se realizó la cuarta Ceremonia de Investidura, donde once personas fueron laureadas. El 3 de noviembre de 2015 se realizó la quinta Ceremonia de Investidura, donde once personas fueron laureadas. El 8 de noviembre de 2016 se realizó la sexta Ceremonia de Investidura, donde once personas fueron laureadas. El 7 de noviembre de 2017 se realizó la séptima Ceremonia de Investidura, donde once personas fueron laureadas.

El 16 de abril de 2018 se realizó la votación para la octava generación, por primera ocasión la votación se realizó en la Federación Mexicana de Fútbol, en Toluca de Lerdo. La selección contó con algunas modificaciones como la participación a través de la tecnología de miembros de doce países de Europa representados por Juan Castro desde Madrid; y diecisiete países de Sudamérica representados por Pablo Aro desde Buenos Aires. El 13 de noviembre de 2018 se realizó la octava Ceremonia de Investidura, donde doce personas fueron laureadas.

El 4 de abril de 2019 se realizó la votación para la novena generación, la votación se realizó en la Casa de México de Madrid en España, donde 50 periodistas de distintos países votaron.

Exhibición

En el primer piso se encuentran diseños de exposiciones temporales de las ceremonias con las que ha contado este recinto. En el segundo piso, se encuentran las Sala Nacional, así como la internacional, galerías de fotos, mesas interactivas, paneles de conferencias y los datos más relevantes de los mundiales jugados. En el tercer piso se encuentra una pantalla de 360 grados ilustrando la trayectoria de los investidos.

El director de este es Antonio Moreno periodista de deportes,y la votación de investidura se hace mediante un comité de honor y un selecto grupo de periodistas. El museógrafo de este salón es Carlos Calderón Cardoso y la memorabilia a cargo de Alan Peniche.

Investidos

Anualmente un jurado de representantes de diferentes medios de comunicación internacionales y de reputada tradición futbolística son quienes evalúan la selección de los investidos, esta votación se realiza a mediados de marzo y abril. Y se realiza una  Ceremonia de Investidura en noviembre.

Se cuenta con cuatro categorías, la primera «investidos nacionales» en la que se reconoce a nivel particular a aquellos personajes que destacaron en el fútbol en México. Las otras tres categorías son: «investidos internacionales» —donde sin distinción alguna es reconocido cualquier personaje suscitable de elección del mundo del fútbol—, «investidos decanos» —aquellos con una trascendencia especial— y «fútbol femenino» —donde sin atender exclusivamente al género femenino se reconocen a aquellos personajes más influyentes o destacables dentro del fútbol femenino.

Véase también

 Anexo:Museos y galerías de Pachuca de Soto
 Salón internacional de campeones de fútbol

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sitio oficial del Salón de la Fama

Grupo Pachuca
Museos de Pachuca
Fútbol en México
Fútbol en 2011
Arquitectura de México de 2011
Museos de fútbol
Salones de la Fama deportivos
Museos de México inaugurados en 2011

Salón de la Fama del Fútbol Internacional


Hippeastrum petiolatum (Açucena de Rio) é uma planta herbácea bulbosa perene florida, da família Amaryllidaceae, distribuída do Paraguai ao Uruguai e Argentina.

Descrição
<div>Hippeastrum petiolatum cresce a uma altura de 30-40 cm. As folhas são lanceoladas, verde-escuras, formando uma roseta basal em torno de 60 cm de diâmetro. Eles crescem até um comprimento de 20 a 50 cm. Existem até três escapamentos por lâmpada. O paraperigônio consiste em escamas minúsculas na garganta do tubo tepal, cujos segmentos são desiguais e eriçados e 1-2 cm de largura no meio e 15 cm de comprimento. Perigone 6–7 cm. As flores vistosas são 10 cm de diâmetro, vermelho-escarlate com veias roxas, amarelo-esverdeado na garganta e geralmente 3-4 em número, mas pode ser 5 raramente. Estigma trífido. Bulbos grandes (10 a 15 cm de diâmetro).

Taxonomia
Descrito por Ferdinand Albin Pax em 1889.

Sinônimos heterotípicos

 Hippeastrum flammigerum E.Holmb., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 1: 411 (1902).
 Amaryllis flammigera (E.Holmb. ) Traub & Uphof, Herbertia 5: 127 (1938).
 Amaryllis argilagae Traub, Pl. Vida 23: 59 (1967).
 Amaryllis petiolata subsp. cochunensis Ravena, Pl. Vida 26: 78 (1970).
 Hippeastrum argilagae (Traub) Dutilh, Taxon 46: 16 (1997).

Cultivo
Sol pleno a meia sombra, solo úmido, mas bem drenado, ou vasos. As folhas podem persistir durante todo o ano em condições ideais. A reprodução é exclusivamente por bulbilhos laterais e não dá frutos.

Ecologia
Floração de primavera.

Usos
Flores cortadas.

Referências

Fontes

 GBIF: Hippeastrum petiolatum
 Pacific Bulb Society: Hippeastrum petiolatum

 International Bulb Society: Hippeastrum petiolatum (image)

petiolatum
Flora da América do Sul

Hippeastrum petiolatum


William Finden, né en 1787 à Londres où il est mort le , est un graveur britannique.

Biographie

Élève de , il se fait remarquer par des gravures d'illustrations d'ouvrages.

Graveur de portraits du roi George IV, il est célèbre pour avoir exécuté avec son frère Edward Finden de nombreux portraits de personnalités de l'ère victorienne.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Graveur britannique du XIXe siècle
Naissance en 1787
Naissance à Londres
Décès en septembre 1852
Décès à Londres

William Finden


A eleição parlamentar marfinense de 1990 ocorreu em  e foi a primeira eleição legislativa do país a ser realizada sob o sistema eleitoral pluripartidário, implementado na Costa do Marfim meses antes do pleito pelo governo do então presidente Félix Houphoët-Boigny. Mesmo assim, o hegemônico Partido Democrata da Costa do Marfim (PDCI) obteve uma votação esmagadora, conquistando 71,68% dos votos válidos e elegendo 163 dos 175 deputados da Assembleia Nacional.

A Frente Popular Marfinense (FPI), principal partido de oposição à época e liderado por Laurent Gbagbo, conquistou 19,81% dos votos e elegeu 9 deputados. Por fim, o Partido Marfinense dos Trabalhadores (PIT), recém-fundado à época por Francis Wodié, obteve 8.51% dos votos e elegeu 3 deputados. O comparecimento do eleitorado às urnas foi de 42,47%.

Resultados eleitorais

Eleições na Costa do Marfim
Costa do Marfim
1990 na Costa do Marfim

Eleição parlamentar na Costa do Marfim em 1990


74 هـ هي سنة في التقويم الهجري امتدت مقابلةً في التقويم الميلادي بين سنتي 693 و694.

أحداث

 قيام عبد الملك بن مروان بتعيين أميه بن عبد الله بن خالد واليًا على خرسان

وفيات
 أبو عبد الرحمن السلمي (مقرئ)
 الحارث بن المعلى
 بشر بن مروان
 زينب بنت أبي سلمة
 سلمة بن الأكوع
 عمرو بن ميمون
 محمد بن حاطب
 هند بنت النعمان
 أبو سعيد الخدري
 عاصم بن ضمرة
 عبدالله بن عمر بن الخطاب

انظر أيضًا
 أحداث ومواليد ووفيات وقعت في الفترة الأولى من سنة 74 هـ
 أحداث ومواليد ووفيات وقعت في الفترة الثانية من سنة 74 هـ

مراجع

تقويم هجري

74 هـ


Happier (canção de Ed Sheeran)
 Happier (canção de Marshmello e Bastille)
 Happier (canção de Olivia Rodrigo)

Happier


Østrig deltog ved Sommer-OL 2008 i Beijing som blev arrangeret i perioden 8. august til 24. august 2008.

Medaljer

Medaljevindere

Referencer

Lande ved sommer-OL 2008
2008

Østrig ved sommer-OL 2008


Baraque Michel () é uma localidade no município de Jalhay, nos Altos Fagnes, Valónia. Antes da anexação dos cantões orientais pela Bélgica em 1919, era o ponto mais alto da Bélgica. Hoje é o seu terceiro ponto mais alto, com 674 m, a seguir aos cumes muito próximos Signal de Botrange (694 m) e Weißer Stein (691 m).

Vários rios belgas, parte da bacia do Vesdre, nascem nas suas proximidades, sendo os principais o rio Gileppe, o rio Hoëgne e o rio Helle.

Ligações externas

Montanhas da Bélgica

Baraque Michel


إبراهيم الأبيض هو فيلم أكشن مصري من إنتاج سنة 2009 الفيلم من إخراج مروان حامد، وتأليف عباس أبو الحسن، وإنتاج جود نيوز فور فيلمز، ومن بطولة أحمد السقا، محمود عبد العزيز، هند صبري، وعمرو واكد.

قصة الفيلم
إبراهيم الأبيض طفل صغير يتعرض والده للقتل أمام عينيه على يد أحد المعلمين في المنطقة، فيكبر الطفل وصورة مقتل والده لا تفارق عينيه وبالفعل يقوم بقتل المعلم إنتقامًا لوالده، وبعدها يبدأ في تجارة المخدرات بعد أن مضي به الزمن بسرعة ولكن أحد أفراد عصابة عبد الملك زرزور يقوم بسرقة بضاعته وبيعها بدون علم زعيم العصابة عبد الملك زرزور فيدخل في منطقته ويحاول الانتقام منه وإذ يقوم جميع أولاده بمحاصرته فيعلم ذلك زعيم العصابة ويقوم باستدراجه والاستفادة من إبراهيم وفي سبيل هذا يشاركهم عملياتهم الخطيرة ليكسب ثقتهم وكان يود الزواج من ابنة المعلم الذي قتل والدها والده ولكن عبد الملك زرزور يتزوجها رغم أنها أصغر منه سنا بفارق كبير وذلك أثناء إلقاء القبض على إبراهيم في إحدى العمليات، ويتمكن زعيم العصابة من تهريبه وانقاذ رقبته من حبل المشنقة. وبعد خروجه من السجن يكتشف أن الفتاة التي يحبها قد تزوجت زعيمه فيجن جنونه ويسقط في حيرة كبيرة بين خيانة زعيمه الذي أخرجه من السجن أو خيانة حب عمره ونسيان حبيبته.

البطولة
 أحمد السقا: (إبراهيم الأبيض)
 محمود عبد العزيز: (عبد الملك زرزور)
 هند صبري: (حورية)
 عمرو واكد: (عشري)
 باسم سمرة: (مهدي بدور - ضيف شرف)
 سوسن بدر: (والدة حورية)
 فرح يوسف : (نرجس)
 حنان ترك: (والدة إبراهيم الأبيض)
 نضال الشافعي: (غنام)
 سيد رجب: (سراج زرزور)
 صبري فواز: (والد إبراهيم)
 دعاء طعيمة: (خادمة عبد الملك زرزور)
 هشام إسماعيل: (ضياء البقال)

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أفلام أحمد السقا
أفلام عن القتل
أفلام حركة في 2009
أفلام محمود عبد العزيز
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 2009
أفلام هند صبري
أفلام أخرجها مروان حامد
أفلام هشام إسماعيل

إبراهيم الأبيض (فيلم)


Per Jacobsson (5 February 1894 – 5 May 1963) was a Swedish economist who served as the first and longstanding chief economist of the Bank for International Settlements from 1931 to 1956, and as the managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 1956 until his death in 1963.

Early life

Per Jacobsson was born in Tanum, Bohuslän, in Sweden. His parents were Carl Julius Jacobsson, a veterinary surgeon, and Emma Kristina Jacobsson (maiden name Melander).  His family moved to Vasteras, where he attended Rudbeckianska a secondary school founded in 1623.  He then went to Uppsala University from 1912 - 1919.  In his first term he studied economics, statistics and sociology, among other topics, but then in his second term switched to studying law.  He received two law degrees from the university, in 1917 and 1919 respectively.  However, he was able to undertake extensive studies in economics, mastering the subject.  In 1914 he had an oral examination in economics given by David Davidson an economics professor.  After that, Davidson told Per Jacobsson to consider succeeding him as an economics professor at the University.  In the course of his studies, Per Jacobsson was highly influenced by Knut Wicksell.  Over time at university he became more sociable.  In 1917 he became president of the student club linked to his home town, Vastmanland-Dala Nation and in 1918 president of a student liberal political club, Verdandi.

Before he obtained his last degree, he spent a considerable amount of time in Stockholm.  There he came into frequent contact with leading Swedish economists, joining an economics club started in 1917.  Its senior members were Gustav Cassel, David Davidson, Knut Wicksell, and Eli Heckscher.  He also had diverse work experiences, drawing on his knowledge of law and economics.  He was variously: researcher for a commission on the post-war Swedish economy, assistant in the Court of Appeals, clerk at the Ministry of Finance, assistant teacher at the School of Forestry, and writer for various newspapers. In the latter role he wrote a review of a book by Gustav Cassell, who was Impressed by it.  When Marcus Wallenburg Sr. asked Cassell to recommend a Swede to join the Secretariat of the League of Nations, he suggested Per Jacobsson.  He was offered the post and accepted it.

Work at the League of Nations
In April 1920 he became an international civil servant, by joining the League of Nations' Secretariat, and specifically what a few years later would be known as the Economic and Financial Organization. This had a Financial Committee for which he worked, eventually becoming its secretary.  It took on assisting cities and countries in post-war economic difficulties, including high inflation.  The committee developed a typical way of operating.  Its staff would visit a capital, research the economic situation and write a report with recommendations.  These generally included central government spending cuts and revenue increases and creating or strengthening an independent central bank to control issuance of the domestic currency.  Loans could be organized to fund government deficits before agreed-to budgetary measures took full effect.  Its work therefore was a pre-cursor to International Monetary Fund country studies and conditional lending.  Per Jacobsson participated in this process for the Free City of Danzig in 1921, and Austria and Hungary starting in 1922.  The latter countries were lent £90 million in aggregate, which was repaid in 1926, and their government budgets became balanced in 1927.

Piet Clement, a financial historian, wrote that Per Jacobsson's work for the committee "left a deep imprint on his further career...because it taught him to quickly analyze a multitude of qualitative and quantitative data at an aggregated and comparative level, and to formulate conclusions and recommendations in a nevertheless pertinent and precise style."

While at the League, Per Jacobsson also worked on national arms spending data that would be comparable across countries.  This was one element in the League's efforts to limit spending on armaments and reduce the risk of a major armed conflict recurring.  His work was published as a supplement to the Economist newspaper in October 1929.  He continued his work on this after leaving the League as an outside expert, contributing to a report prepared for the World Disarmament Conference which first met in February 1932.

(After leaving the League, he returned to Sweden and worked from January 1929 to July 1930 at the Swedish Economic Defence Commission which was studying preparation for the eventuality of another war, and then from July 1930 to September 1931 as Economic Adviser to a Swedish industrial company, Kreuger and Toll.)

Work at the Bank for International Settlements
He was employed at the Bank of International Settlements from 1931 to1956.

Work at the International Monetary Fund
In December 1956, he was appointed as the managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), a position he held until his death on 5 May 1963.

Personal life
He married Violet Nye, who was working for the League of Nations, in 1921.  They had three daughters, Erin, Bridget and Moyra.  Jacobsson's daughter Moyra, an artist, married Roger Bannister, the British Olympic athlete and neurologist who was the first person to run the four-minute mile.

He was buried in the Swedish section of Brookwood Cemetery.

Legacy

The Per Jacobsson Foundation was established in 1964 to honor his memory and sponsors prestigious lectures, many of which have been given on the occasion of the annual meetings of the IMF and World Bank in Washington DC.

Gallery

See also

 Pierre Quesnay

References

External links

Biography – Per Jacobsson Foundation

1894 births
1963 deaths
People from Tanum Municipality
Managing directors of the International Monetary Fund
Uppsala University alumni
20th-century Swedish businesspeople
Swedish economists
Burials at Brookwood Cemetery
Members of the Första kammaren
Swedish officials of the United Nations
Bank for International Settlements

Members of the American Philosophical Society

Per Jacobsson


عقد 470 هو عقد امتد بين 1 يناير 470 و31 ديسمبر 479 بحسب التقويم الميلادي. سبقه عقد 460 ولحقه عقد 480.

أحداث

 انهيار الإمبراطورية الرومانية (476)

مواليد

 قباد بن فيروز (473)
 نارسيس (478)

وفيات

 أنثيميوس (472)
 باسيليسكيوس (476)
 جنسريق (477)
 غونتاموند (477)
 ليو الثاني (474)
 ماجنوس (475)
 أوليبريوس (472)
 تيموثاوس الثاني (477)
 ليو الأول (474)
 باسينا تورينغن (477)
 أسبار (471)

كتب

 موسوعة حضارة العالم (2002) لأحمد محمد عوف.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

 تصفح سنة بسنة عقد 470 ابتداءً من

عقد 470


Sergio Geovani Chumil González (né le ) est un coureur cycliste guatémaltèque.

Biographie

Sergio Chumil commence le cyclisme à l'Association Départementale de Chimaltenango.

En 2017, il est champion du Guatemala du contre-la-montre juniors (moins de 19 ans). L'année suivante, il remporte le titre national dans le contre-la-montre et termine troisième de la course en ligne. Il fait ensuite ses débuts espoirs en 2019, toujours au sein de l'équipe AD Chimaltenango. Bon grimpeur, il se distingue lors du Tour du Guatemala en réalisant trois tops cinq d'étape, pour sa première participation.

En 2020, il se classe septième du Tour du Guatemala et du Tour de l'Équateur, dans une saison perturbée par la pandémie de Covid-19. Lors de la saison 2021, il est sacré double champion du Guatemala espoirs (en ligne et en contre-la-montre). Il termine également deuxième du championnat d'Amérique centrale et sixième du championnat panaméricain sur route dans sa catégorie.

Palmarès et résultats

Palmarès par année
 2017
  Champion du Guatemala sur route juniors
 2018
  Champion du Guatemala du contre-la-montre juniors
  du championnat du Guatemala sur route juniors
 2021
  Champion du Guatemala sur route espoirs
  Champion du Guatemala du contre-la-montre espoirs
  du Tour Por la Paz
  du championnat du Guatemala sur route
  Médaillé d'argent du championnat d'Amérique centrale sur route espoirs
 2022
  Médaillé d'argent du championnat d'Amérique centrale sur route espoirs
 2023
 Vuelta al Altiplano Márquense :
 Classement général
 ,  et  étapes
  du Tour de Navarre
 Tour de Zamora :
 Classement général

Classements mondiaux

Notes et références

Liens externes

Coureur cycliste guatémaltèque
Naissance en juillet 1998

Sergio Chumil


Takuma Nagayoshi (født 18. april 1986) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder FC Gifu, Oita Trinita, Tochigi SC og SC Sagamihara.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Takuma Nagayoshi


DeAndre Liggins (nacido el  en Chicago, Illinois) es un jugador de baloncesto estadounidense que pertenece a la plantilla de CA Peñarol de la FUBB. Con 1,98 metros de estatura, juega en la posición de alero.

Trayectoria deportiva

Universidad
Jugó durante tres temporadas con los Wildcats de la Universidad de Kentucky, en las que promedió 5,8 puntos, 3,0 rebotes y 2,1 asistencias por partido. Jugó sus dos primeras temporadas como suplente, actuando como titular en la última, en la que promedió 8,6 puntos y 4,0 rebotes, siendo incluido en el mejor quinteto defensivo de la Southeastern Conference.

En abril de 2011 se declaró elegible para el Draft de la NBA, renunciando a su último año de universidad.

Estadísticas

Profesional
Fue elegido en la quincuagésimo tercera posición del Draft de la NBA de 2011 por Orlando Magic, debutando en el mes de febrero ante Milwaukee Bucks, consiguiendo 3 puntos y 2 rebotes. El 12 de septiembre de 2012, Liggins firmó con Oklahoma City Thunder.

El 22 de julio de 2020, firma con los London Lions de la British Basketball League (BBL). El 22 de marzo de 2021, se proclama campeón de la BBL Trophy, siendo además elegido MVP de la copa.

El 24 de julio de 2021, firma con Libertadores de Querétaro de la LNBP.

El 15 de septiembre de 2021 se anuncia la contratación de Liggins por el CA Peñarol de la FUBB uruguaya.

Estadísticas de su carrera en la NBA

Temporada regular

Playoffs

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Ficha en ACB.com

 Estadísticas en la NCAA
 NBA prospect profile

Nacidos en Chicago
Baloncestistas de Illinois
Baloncestistas de la NBA
Baloncestistas de la Liga ACB
Baloncestistas de los Kentucky Wildcats
Baloncestistas de los Orlando Magic
Baloncestistas de los Oklahoma City Thunder
Baloncestistas de los Tulsa 66ers
Baloncestistas de los Sioux Falls Skyforce
Baloncestistas de los Miami Heat
Baloncestistas del BC Krasny Oktyabr
Baloncestistas del Eisbären Bremerhaven
Baloncestistas de los Cleveland Cavaliers
Baloncestistas de los Dallas Mavericks
Baloncestistas de los Milwaukee Bucks
Baloncestistas de los New Orleans Pelicans
Baloncestistas del Kolossos Rodou
Baloncestistas del Baloncesto Fuenlabrada
Baloncestistas de los Libertadores de Querétaro

DeAndre Liggins


Les nerfs alvéolaires comprennent trois nerfs alvéolaires supérieurs : le nerf alvéolaire supérieur antérieur, le nerf alvéolaire supérieur médian, le nerf alvéolaire supérieur postérieur et un nerf alvéolaire inférieur.

Les nerfs alvéolaires supérieurs sont tous des branches du nerf maxillaire, qui est la deuxième branche du nerf trijumeau.

Le nerf alvéolaire inférieur, de petite longueur, est une branche du nerf mandibulaire, qui est la troisième branche du nerf trijumeau.

Notes et références

alvéolaire

Nerf alvéolaire


Skæbnens Hjul er en kortfilm instrueret af William Augustinus efter manuskript af A.V. Mammen.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Stumfilm fra Danmark
Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1911

Skæbnens Hjul


الطائرة المقاتلة المتوسطة هي طائرة مقاتلة متعددة المهام، ثنائية المحرك من مقاتلات الجيل الخامس  يتم حالياً تطويرها بشكل مشترك بين روسيا والهند ولصالح الهند على أساس اتفاق بين البلدين.

تقوم كلٌ من شركة هندوستان آيرونوتيكس في الهند وشركة سوخوي الروسية بالعمل على تطوير المقاتلة، ويستند تطويرها على طائرات أخرى في القوات الجوية الهندية مثل تيجاس هال وسوخوي هال اف جي اف أي وسوخوي سو- 30 ام كي آي.

طالع أيضا
 طائرة عسكرية
 قاذفة قنابل

مراجع

طائرات بذيل على شكل - V
طائرات شبح
طائرات عسكرية مقترحة
طائرات ممركزة على حاملة طائرات
طائرات نفاثة ثنائية المحركات
طائرات ذات أجنحة وسطية

الطائرة المقاتلة المتوسطة


Berig ( 65-112 ) fue un legendario rey (nórdico antiguo konungr) de los godos que se menciona en la obra Getica del historiador Jordanes. Según Jordanes, Berig lideró a su pueblo en la emigración desde Scandza (Escandinavia) a Gothiscandza (en la cuenca del Vístula). Una vez iniciaron los asentamientos, se vieron involucrados en batallas contra los rugios, otro pueblo germánico que hizo lo mismo con anterioridad, estaban emplazados en las costas y fueron expulsados hacia occidente. Luego tuvieron más conflictos con sus nuevos vecinos, los vándalos.

Etimología
El nombre puede tener su origen en el gótico Bairika, que se puede traducir como "Pequeño Oso". El historiador danés Arne Søby Christensen propuso que Casiodoro, quien escribió el texto original que Jordanes basó su obra, se lo inventó inspirándose en Βέρικος (Berikos o Verica).

Las recientes investigaciones sobre la transición entre la cultura de Oksywie hacia la cultura de Wielbark demuestran que fue un proceso pacífico. El periodo coincide con la aparición de nueva población de origen escandinavo en zonas anteriormente inhabitadas entre las áreas culturales de Oksywie y Przeworsk.

Cultura popular
Johannes Magnus, arzobispo de Upsala, Suecia en el  en su historia sobre los suecos y los godos, fue el primero en publicar una canción conocida como Balada de Eric ("Eriksvisan") sobre uno de los primeros reyes godos llamado Eric, quien tiene algunas similitudes con Berig. Durante un tiempo se pensó que era una tradición folclórica auténtica sobre el monarca, pero actualmente se ha demostrado que es falsa. No obstante, Magnus plantea la figura de Berig como unificador de suecos y godos 400 años más tarde de la muerte de Eric.

La banda de metal sinfónico Therion, tiene una canción Three Ships of Berik, Pts. 1 and 2 que trata de Berig (aquí Berik).

Véase también
 Historia de Escandinavia

Referencias

Historia de Escandinavia
Personajes de la mitología nórdica

Berig


Zeboím ('cabras', 'gacelas' o 'corzos' en idioma hebreo) es el nombre de lugares mencionados en la Biblia.
Puede verse escrito de varias maneras:
 Zeboiim
 Tzvoyim
 Tsvoyim (en hebreo moderno).
 Ṣəḇôyîm (en hebreo tiberiano).
 צְבֹויִים (en idioma hebreo).

Sitios

 Una de las «cinco ciudades de la llanura» de Sodoma, generalmente emparejada con la aldea de Admá (Génesis 10.19 y 14.2; Libro de Oseas 11.8). Tenía su propio reyezuelo, llamado Semeber, y por lo tanto habría sido una localidad de cierta importancia. Según narra la Biblia (Deuteronomio 29.23), Yahvéh destruyó el pueblo junto con los otros cuatro de esa llanura.

 Un valle en algún lugar cerca de Gabaa en la región de Benjamín (según el Primer Libro de Samuel 13:18). Fue posiblemente el barranco que ahora se llama Wady Shakh-ed-Dub'a ('barranco de las hienas'), al norte de Jericó.

 Un lugar mencionado solo en el Libro de Nehemías 11.34, que fue habitado por la tribu de Benjamín después de la cautividad babilónica.

Notas

Lugares bíblicos
Ciudades destruidas

Zeboím


Kıpçak aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir:

Etnik ad;
 Kıpçaklar, eski Türk halklarından biri
 Kıpçak grubu, Türk dillerinin bir kolu
 Kıpçak Hanlığı, 11. yüzyıl ile 14. yüzyıl arasında, Doğu Avrupa'da yaşamış bir Türk boyu

Yer adı;
 Kıpçak, Lice, Diyarbakır ili Lice ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kıpçak, Doğanşar, Sivas ili Doğanşar ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kıpçak, Doğu Azerbaycan, İran'ın Doğu Azerbaycan Eyaleti'nin Bostanabad şehristanında köy
 Kıpçak (Türkmenistan), Türkmenistan'da bir köy

Kişi adı;
 Kıpçak, Türk soyadı

Kıpçak (anlam ayrımı)


Malcolm Cowley (August 24, 1898 – March 27, 1989) was an American writer, editor, historian, poet, and literary critic. His best known works include his first book of poetry, Blue Juniata (1929), and his memoir, Exile's Return (1934; rev. 1951), written as a chronicler and fellow traveller of the Lost Generation and an influential editor and talent scout at Viking Press.

Early life
Cowley was born August 24, 1898, in Belsano, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, to William Cowley and Josephine Hutmacher. He grew up in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh, where his father, William, was a homeopathic doctor. Cowley attended Shakespeare Street elementary school and in 1915 graduated from Peabody High School, where his boyhood friend Kenneth Burke was also a student. Cowley's first published writing appeared in his high school newspaper.

He attended Harvard University, but his studies were interrupted when he joined the American Field Service during World War I to drive ambulances and munitions trucks for the French army. He returned to Harvard in 1919 and became editor of The Harvard Advocate. He graduated with a B.A. in 1920.

Life in Paris
Cowley was one of the many literary and artistic figures who migrated to Paris in the 1920s. He became one of the best-known chroniclers of the American expatriates in Europe, as he frequently spent time with writers like Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Dos Passos, Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein, E. E. Cummings, Edmund Wilson, Erskine Caldwell, and others associated with American literary modernism. In Blue Juniata, Cowley described these Americans who travelled abroad during the postwar period as a "wandering, landless, uprooted generation"; similarly Hemingway, claiming to have taken the phrase from Gertrude Stein, called them the "lost generation". This sense of uprootedness deeply affected Cowley's appreciation for the necessities of artistic freedom. It moreover informed his ideal of cosmopolitanism in contrast to the fervent nationalism(s) that had led to World War I. Cowley recounted his experiences in  Exile's Return, writing, "our whole training was involuntarily directed toward destroying whatever roots we had in the soil, toward eradicating our local and regional peculiarities, toward making us homeless citizens of the world".

While Cowley associated with many American writers in Europe, the sense of admiration was not always mutual. Hemingway removed direct reference to Cowley in a later version of The Snows of Kilimanjaro, replacing his name with the description, "that American poet with a pile of saucers in front of him and a stupid look on his potato face talking about the Dada movement". John Dos Passos's private correspondence revealed the contempt he held for Cowley, but also the care writers took to hide their personal feelings in order to protect their careers once Cowley had become an editor of The New Republic. Regardless, Exile's Return was one of the first autobiographical texts to foreground the American expatriate experience. Despite not selling well during its first publication, it established Cowley as one of the most trenchant emissaries of the Lost Generation. Literary historian Van Wyck Brooks described Exile's Return as "an irreplaceable literary record of the most dramatic period in American literary history."

Early career and involvement in politics
While in Paris, Cowley found himself drawn to the avant-garde sensibilities of Dada, and also, like many other intellectuals of the period, to Marxism and its attempts to demystify the socioeconomic and political conditions that had plunged Europe into a devastating war. He travelled frequently between Paris and Greenwich Village in New York, and through these intersecting social circles came into close proximity, though he never officially joined, with the U.S. Communist Party. In 1929, Cowley became an associate editor of the left-leaning magazine The New Republic, which he steered in "a resolutely communist direction" The same year, he translated and wrote a foreword to the 1913 French novel 'La Colline Inspirée', by Maurice Barrès. By the early 1930s, Cowley became increasingly involved in radical politics. In 1932, he joined Edmund Wilson, Mary Heaton Vorse, and Waldo Frank as union-sponsored observers of the miners' strikes in Kentucky. Their lives were threatened by the mines' owners, and Frank was badly beaten. When Exile's Return was first published in 1934, it put forth a distinctly Marxist interpretation of history and social struggle.

In 1935, Cowley helped to establish a leftist collective, The League of American Writers. Other notable members included Archibald MacLeish, Upton Sinclair, Clifford Odets, Langston Hughes, Carl Sandburg, Carl Van Doren, Waldo Frank, David Ogden Stewart, John Dos Passos, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Cowley was appointed Vice President, and over the next few years became involved in numerous campaigns, including attempts to persuade the United States government to support the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War. He resigned in 1940, owing to concerns that the organization was too heavily influenced by the Communist Party.

In 1941, near the outset of the United States' involvement in World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Cowley's associate, poet and "popular front" interventionist Archibald MacLeish, as head of the War Department's Office of Facts and Figures (precursor to the Office of War Information). MacLeish recruited Cowley as an analyst. This decision resulted in anti-communist journalists such as Whittaker Chambers and Westbrook Pegler publicly exposing Cowley's left-wing sympathies. Cowley soon found himself in the crosshairs of congressman Martin Dies (D-Tex.) and the House Un-American Activities Committee. Dies accused Cowley of belonging to seventy-two communist or communist-front organizations. This number was certainly an exaggeration, but Cowley had no recourse to deny it. MacLeish soon came under pressure from J. Edgar Hoover and the Federal Bureau of Investigation to dismiss Cowley. In January 1942, MacLeish sent his reply that the FBI needed a course of instruction in history. "Don't you think it would be a good thing if all investigators could be made to understand that Liberalism is not only not a crime but actually the attitude of the President of the United States and the greater part of his Administration?", he said. Nevertheless, Cowley resigned two months later, vowing to never write about politics again.

Editorial career and academia
In 1944, having been more or less silenced politically, Cowley began a career as a literary advisor, editor, and talent scout at Viking Press. He was hired to work on the Portable Library series, which had started in 1943 with As You Were: A Portable Library of American Prose and Poetry Assembled for Members of the Armed Forces and Merchant Marine. In its inception, the Portable Library was an anthology of paperback reprints that could be mass-produced cheaply and marketed to military personnel. It also emphasized an American literary tradition that could be construed as patriotic during wartime. Yet Cowley was able to steer the series toward what were, in his esteem, underappreciated writers.

He first set out to edit The Portable Hemingway (1944). At the time, Hemingway was largely considered to be a sparse and simplistic writer. Cowley departed from this perception in his introductory essay, claiming instead that Hemingway could be read as tortured and submerged. This revaluation remains the dominant critical opinion today. Literary critic Mark McGurl argues that Hemingway's tip-of-the-iceberg style has become one of the most emulated in twentieth-century American prose, his name all but synonymous with the "pathos of understatement" and "the value of craft as represented by the practice of multiple revision".

The Portable Hemingway sold so well that Cowley was able to convince Viking to publish a Portable Faulkner in 1946. William Faulkner was, at the time, slipping into literary obscurity. By the 1930s, he was working as a Hollywood screenwriter and in danger of seeing his works go out of print. Cowley again argued for a dramatic revaluation of Faulkner's position in American letters, enlisting him as an honorary member of the Lost Generation. Robert Penn Warren called The Portable Faulkner the "great watershed" moment for Faulkner's reputation, and many scholars view Cowley's essay as having resuscitated Faulkner's career. Faulkner won a Nobel Prize in 1949. He later said, "I owe Malcolm Cowley the kind of debt no man could ever repay".

Cowley then published a revised edition of Exile's Return in 1951. The revisions downplayed some of the more overtly Marxist tenets, and more obviously emphasized the return of the exile as a necessary step toward reestablishing a nation's solidarity: "the old pattern of alienation and reintegration, or departure and return, that is repeated in scores of European myths and continually re-embodied in life", Cowley wrote. This time the book sold much better. Cowley also published a Portable Hawthorne (1948), The Literary Tradition (1954), and edited a new edition of Leaves of Grass (1959), by Walt Whitman. These were followed by Black Cargoes, A History of the Atlantic Slave Trade (1962), Fitzgerald and the Jazz Age (1966), Think Back on Us (1967), Collected Poems (1968), Lesson of the Masters (1971) and A Second Flowering (1973).

Cowley taught creative writing at the college-level beginning in the 1950s. Among his students were Larry McMurtry, Peter S. Beagle, Wendell Berry, as well as Ken Kesey, whose One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962) Cowley helped publish at Viking. Writing workshops were a recent development at the time (the Iowa Writers' Workshop was founded in 1936), yet by midcentury their proliferation was of note for both writers and publishers. Cowley taught also at Yale, Michigan, Minnesota, Washington, California at Irvine and Berkeley, and even the prestigious Stegner Fellowship at Stanford, among other places, but he seldom maintained a full-time teaching appointment. Literary and cultural critic Benjamin Kirbach argues that this flitting back-and-forth between universities and the publishing industry allowed Cowley to reconcile his cosmopolitan ideal within the constraints of the academy. Kirbach writes: "Cowley's itinerancy—his seemingly effortless movement between universities and the publishing industry, between writers individual and collective—played a crucial role in institutionalizing [literary] modernism" in the twentieth century.

As an editorial consultant to Viking Press, he pushed for the publication of Jack Kerouac's On the Road. Cowley's work anthologizing 28 Fitzgerald short stories and editing a reissue of Tender Is the Night, restructured based on Fitzgerald's notes, both in 1951, were key to reviving Fitzgerald's reputation as well, and his introduction to Sherwood Anderson's Winesburg, Ohio, written in the early 1960s, is said to have had a similar effect on Anderson's reputation.  Other works of literary and critical importance include Eight More Harvard Poets (1923), A Second Flowering: Works & Days of the Lost Generation (1973), And I Worked at the Writer's Trade (1978), and The Dream of the Golden Mountains: Remembering the 1930s (1980).
And I Worked won a 1980 U.S. National Book Award in the one-year category Autobiography.

When  The Portable Malcolm Cowley (Donald Faulkner, editor) was published in 1990, the year after Cowley's death, Michael Rogers wrote in Library Journal:  "Though a respected name in hardcore literary circles, in general the late Cowley is one of the unsung heroes of 20th-century American literature. Poet, critic, Boswell of the Lost Generation of which he himself was a member, savior of Faulkner's dwindling reputation, editor of Kerouac's On the Road, discoverer of John Cheever, Cowley knew everybody and wrote about them with sharp insight. . . . . Cowley's writings on the great books are as important as the books themselves . . . . All American literature collections should own this."

To the end, Cowley remained a humanitarian in the world of letters. He wrote writer Louise Bogan in 1941, "I'm almost getting pathologically tender-hearted. I have been caused so much pain by reviewers and political allrightniks of several shades of opinion that I don't want to cause pain to anybody."

Marriages and death
Cowley married artist Peggy Baird; they were divorced in 1931. His second wife was Muriel Maurer.  Together they had one son, Robert William Cowley, who is an editor and military historian.

He died of a heart attack March 27, 1989.

Correspondence
 Malcolm, Cowley, The Long Voyage: Selected Letters of Malcolm Cowley, 1915–1987, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014

 Malcolm Cowley, The Faulkner-Cowley File: Letters and Memories, 1944-1962, New York: Viking, 1966

See also
List of ambulance drivers during World War I
 Letters to Cowley from Yvor Winters in The Selected Letters of Yvor Winters, ed. R. L. Barth, Athens, OH: Swallow Press/Ohio UP, 2000.

Notes

References

External links

Malcolm Cowley's Childhood Home
 Cowley Family Tree
 Malcolm Cowley papers at the Newberry Library
 Ruth Nuzum Malcolm Cowley Research Collection at the Newberry Library
 Malcolm Cowley at Library of Congress Authorities — with 80 catalog records

1898 births
1989 deaths
20th-century American novelists
Writers from Pittsburgh
Harvard Advocate alumni
National Book Award winners
People from Cambria County, Pennsylvania
American Field Service personnel of World War I
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette people
American male novelists
Journalists from Pennsylvania
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from Pennsylvania
Stegner Fellows
20th-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
People of the United States Office of War Information
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists
Lost Generation writers
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters

Malcolm Cowley


A nona e última temporada da série de televisão americana de super-heróis The Flash, baseada no personagem da DC Comics, Barry Allen / Flash, foi anunciada em 22 de março de 2022 e estreou em 8 de fevereiro de 2023. É ambientado no Arrowverse, compartilhando continuidade com as outras séries de televisão do universo, e é um spin-off de Arrow. Ele também atuará como a conclusão do Arrowverse. A temporada é produzida pela Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros. Television e DC Entertainment, com Eric Wallace atuando como showrunner.

As filmagens da temporada começaram em setembro de 2022 e devem terminar em março seguinte. Grant Gustin estrela como Barry Allen / Flash, com os principais membros do elenco Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Danielle Nicolet, Kayla Compton e Brandon McKnight também retornando das temporadas anteriores, enquanto Jon Cor foi promovido a regular da série de seu status recorrente nas duas temporadas anteriores.

Eric Wallace se baseou no último episódio de Lost (série de televisão) durante a preparação do final de Flash. Ele explicou o motivo dessa inspiração: "São duas horas de pura emoção. Eu pensei muito sobre o que realmente tem de bom ali, o que podemos aproveitar. Não são as mesmas histórias, longe disso. Falo sobre sentimentos. Há sentimentos e situações daquele final [de Lost] que eu procurei emular em Flash".

Episódio

A nona temporada será composta por 13 episódios. Eles serão divididos em pelo menos dois arcos de enredo "Graphic Novel", conhecidos como o oitavo e o nono romance gráfico, respectivamente; esta numeração continua a partir dos primeiros sete "Graphic Novels" estabelecidos nas três temporadas anteriores.

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O sexto episódio foi escrito por Thomas Pound e Jess Carson. Danielle Panabaker dirigiu o nono episódio, enquanto Kayla Compton dirigiu o décimo primeiro.

Elenco e personagens

Principal
 Grant Gustin como Barry Allen / The Flash
 Candice Patton como Iris West-Allen
 Danielle Panabaker como Crystalfrost / Frost II
 Danielle Nicolet como Cecile Horton
 Kayla Compton como Allegra Garcia
 Brandon McKnight como Chester P. Runk
 Jon Cor como Mark Blaine / Chillblaine

Recorrente
 Jesse L. Martin como Joe West
 Richard Harmon como Owen Mercer / Captain Boomerang

Convidado

Também programado para aparecer nesta temporada é Murmur, que foi anteriormente interpretado por Adrian Glynn McMorran na terceira temporada de Arrow.

Produção

Desenvolvimento
Em abril de 2020, o astro da série Grant Gustin disse que houve discussões sobre a renovação da série até a nona temporada, mas elas foram paralisadas devido à pandemia de COVID-19. Em janeiro de 2022, quando a oitava temporada estava em seu hiato no meio da temporada, Gustin assinou um contrato de um ano para 15 episódios para uma nona temporada, com seu salário aumentado para $ 200.000 por episódio. Em 22 de março de 2022, a CW renovou a série para uma nona temporada. Em 1º de agosto, foi anunciado que seria a última temporada da série, com uma ordem abreviada de 13 episódios. O showrunner Eric Wallace afirmou que o elenco e a equipe originalmente esperavam que a série terminasse na oitava temporada, mas depois que a nona temporada foi encomendada, Wallace reescreveu o final da oitava temporada para não ser um final da série.

Elenco
Os principais membros do elenco Gustin, Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Danielle Nicolet, Kayla Compton e Brandon McKnight retornam como Barry Allen / The Flash, Iris West-Allen, Frost, Cecile Horton, Allegra Garcia e Chester P. Runk. Jesse L. Martin, que interpretou Joe West ao longo da série, saiu como regular, embora seja esperado que ele repita na temporada. Em outubro de 2022, Jon Cor foi promovido a regular da série para a temporada.

Filmagem
As filmagens começaram em 14 de setembro de 2022, e estão programadas para terminar em 6 de março de 2023.

Lançamento
A temporada estreou em 8 de fevereiro de 2023.

Audiência

Ligações externas

The Flash (2014)
Temporadas de séries de televisão

The Flash (9.ª temporada)


Luna Christofi (* 9. Dezember 1967 in Gram als Lone Jakobsen) ist eine dänische Journalistin.

Leben
Christofi besuchte bis 1986 eine Schule in Aabenraa. Sie war bei der Sportredaktion von Danmarks Radio angestellt und wechselte zu TV3, für den sie über die UEFA Champions League berichtet. Mit ihrem zweiten Ehemann – ihr Nachname Christofi stammt aus ihrer ersten Ehe – wohnt sie seit 2005 in Madrid.

Weblinks
 http://www.fyens.dk/article/640436:Navne--Fodboldfolkets-Luna

Sportjournalist
Journalist (Dänemark)
Däne
Geboren 1967
Frau

Luna Christofi


The Oldsmobile Toronado is a personal luxury car manufactured and marketed by the Oldsmobile division of General Motors from 1966 to 1992 over four generations. The Toronado was noted for its transaxle version of GM's Turbo-Hydramatic transmission, making it the first U.S.-produced front-wheel drive automobile since the demise of the Cord 810/812 in 1937.

The Toronado used the GM E platform introduced by the rear-wheel drive Buick Riviera in 1963 and adopted for the front-wheel drive 1967 Cadillac Eldorado. The three models shared the E platform for most of the Toronado's 26-year history.

The name "Toronado" had no prior meaning and was originally selected for a 1963 Chevrolet show car.

First generation (1966–1970)

The Toronado began as a design painting by Oldsmobile stylist David North in 1962. His "Flame Red Car" was a compact sports/personal car never intended for production. A few weeks after the design was finished, however, Oldsmobile division was informed it would be permitted to build a personal car in the Riviera/Thunderbird class for the 1966 model year, and North's design was selected. For production economy, the still-unnamed car was to share the so-called E-body shell with the redesigned 1966 Buick Riviera (then entering its second generation), which was substantially larger than North had envisioned. Despite the efforts of Oldsmobile and General Motors styling chief Bill Mitchell to put the car on the smaller A-body intermediate used by the Oldsmobile Cutlass, they were overruled for cost reasons.

Oldsmobile had been working on front-wheel drive since 1958, a project shepherded by engineer John Beltz (who originated the 4-4-2 and would later become head of the division). Although initially envisioned for the smaller F-85 line, its cost and experimental nature pushed the program towards a larger, more expensive car. Engineer F. J. Hooven of the Ford Motor Company, had patented a similar FWD layout, and Ford considered the design for the 1961 Ford Thunderbird. However, the capability to develop and engineer it on such short notice was doubtful. In 1956 Oldsmobile had also introduced a personal 2-door concept car called the Oldsmobile Golden Rocket that didn't progress into production.

The unusual Toronado powertrain developed by Oldsmobile, called the Unitized Power Package (UPP), packaged a Rocket V8 and transmission into an engine bay no larger than one for a conventional rear-wheel drive car. During its seven-year development, UPP components were driven over 1.5 million test miles to verify their strength and reliability. They proved so well-built the UPP was employed basically unchanged in the 1970s GMC motorhome.

Firestone designed an 8.85" x 15" tire especially for the Toronado called the TFD (Toronado-Front-Drive) tire. It had a stiffer sidewall than normal, and the tread and stylishly thin white pin-stripe were also unique.

Oldsmobile engineers selected a conventional, though performance-boosted, Olds  Super Rocket V8 rated at  and  of torque. It was an increase of  over the Starfire 425, and an increase of  over the standard 425 engine in the Ninety-Eight. The Toronado intake manifold's unique shape was depressed to allow for engine hood clearance.

The Turbo-Hydramatic heavy-duty three-speed automatic transmission became available during development of the Toronado. Called the TH425 in FWD form, the transmission's torque converter was separated from its planetary gearset, with the torque converter driving the gearset through a  wide silent chain-drive called Hy-Vo, riding on two  sprockets. The Hy-Vo chain drive was developed by GM's Hydra-Matic Division and Morse Chain Division of Borg-Warner. The chains were made from very strong hardened steel and required no tensioners or idler pulleys because they were pre-stretched on a special machine at the factory. Although the rotational direction of the transmission gears had to be reversed, a large number of components were shared with the conventional TH400. Use of the automatic also eliminated the need to devise a workable manual-shift linkage. No manual transmission was ever contemplated because performance was adequate with the automatic transmission and because virtually all U.S.-built luxury cars during this period came with automatic transmissions as standard equipment. The car's  time was clocked at 9.5 seconds.

The Toronado used a subframe that ended at the forward end of the rear suspension leaf springs, serving as an attachment point for the springs. It carried the powertrain, front suspension and floorpan, allowing greater isolation of road and engine harshness.

To fit into the tight space, Oldsmobile adopted torsion bars for the Toronado's front suspension (the first GM passenger car application of torsion bars in the US, but still not up to Packard's automatic ride leveling system), with conventional, unequal-length double wishbones. Rear Toronado suspension was a simple beam axle on single leaf springs, unusual only in having dual shock absorbers, one vertical, one horizontal (allowing it to act as a radius rod to control wheel movement).

Brakes were hydraulically operated  drums, generally considered the Toronado's weak link. As a rather heavy car, after several panic stops the brake drums would overheat, resulting in considerable fade and long stopping distances. The 1967 addition of vented front disc brakes as an option provided substantial improvement.

The Toronado's UPP enabled the interior to have a completely flat floor, but interior space (primarily rear seat headroom) was somewhat restricted by the fastback styling.

As with many coupes, the Toronado featured elongated doors to allow easier access for passengers entering the rear seats. Duplicate door-latch handles were even added at the rear of each door enabling back seat passengers to open the doors without having to reach over or around the front seat, a feature also available on the other two E-bodies, continuing until 1980 on the Eldorado.

Options included headrests ($52) and a tilt-telescopic steering column.

Drivers faced a highly stylized steering wheel with a double-delta shaped horn ring which framed the view of an unusual "slot-machine" style speedometer, consisting of a stationary horizontal "needle" and a vertically rotating black drum on which the numerals were printed in white. The numerals descended behind the needle as the vehicle gained speed. All other gauges, indicators and controls were grouped within fairly easy reach of the driver.

Despite an average weight of , published performance test data shows the 1966 Toronado was capable of accelerating from  in 7.5 seconds, and through the standing  in 16.4 seconds at . It was also capable of a maximum speed of . Testers found the Toronado's handling, despite its noticeable front weight bias and consequent understeer, was not substantially different from other full-size U.S. cars when driven under normal conditions. In fact, testers felt that the Toronado was more poised and responsive than other cars, and when pushed to the limits, exhibited superior handling characteristics, although it was essentially incapable of terminal oversteer.

The 1966 model was widely recognized as a step forward in design, gaining publicity for the division by winning several leading automotive awards, such as Motor Trends Car of the Year Award and Car Lifes Award for Engineering Excellence. It was also the second American car to ever be awarded recognition in Europe, as the third-place finisher at the European Car of the Year competition in 1966.

The Toronado sold reasonably well at introduction, with 40,963 produced for 1966. Some television commercials featured former NASA Project Mercury public affairs officer John "Shorty" Powers, Oldsmobile's primary commercial spokesperson of the era, along with racing legend Bobby Unser driving the vehicle and commenting favorably on the Toronado's handling.

Sales for the 1967 model, which was distinguished by a slight facelift, the addition of optional disc brakes, and a slightly softer ride, dropped by nearly half, to 22,062. A stereo tape player was optional. It would be 1971 before the Toronado matched its first-year sales volume.

In 1967, Cadillac adopted its own version of the UPP for the Cadillac Eldorado, using the Cadillac V8 engine. The Eldorado also shared the E-body shell with the Toronado and Riviera, but its radically different styling meant that the three cars did not look similar at all. Also, despite sharing the same platform as the Toronado and Eldorado, the Riviera retained its rear-wheel drive setup, and would not convert to front-wheel drive until the platform was downsized in 1979.

The first-generation Toronado persisted with the usual annual facelifts through 1970. Other than the brakes, the major changes were the replacement of the original  V8 with the new  in 1968, rated at  in standard form or  with the W-34 option, revised rear quarter panels (with small fins to disguise the slope of the rear body in side view) in 1969, and the elimination of hidden headlights and the introduction of squared wheel arch bulges in 1970. An ignition lock was added in 1969.

Slight interior cosmetic changes were made for each new model year, and a full-length center console with floor-mounted shifter was available as an extra-cost option with the Strato bucket seats from 1968 to 1970, though few Toronados were so ordered. The vast majority of customers went for the standard Strato bench seat to take full advantage of the flatter floor resulting from the front-drive layout. The lack of a "hump" in the floor made three-abreast seating more comfortable than in rear-drive cars, as the center passengers both front and rear did not have to straddle one.

The firm suspension and thus the quality of the ride, was gradually softened through the years, hinting at what Toronado eventually would become in 1971. A heavy-duty suspension was an option on later first generation Toronados, which included the original torsion bar springs that were used on the 1966 model.

A special option code called W-34 was available on the 1968–70 Toronado. This option included a cold air induction system for the air cleaner, a special performance camshaft and a "GT" transmission calibrated for quick and firm up-shifts and better torque multiplication at . Dual exhaust outlets similar to the 1966–67 model years with cutouts in the bumper, were included with W-34. The standard models also had dual exhaust systems, but only a single somewhat hidden outlet running from the muffler exiting rearward on the right side. For 1970 only, the W-34 option also included special "GT" badges on the exterior of the car. The W-34 Toronado was capable of 0–60 mph in 7.5 seconds and the standing 1/4 mile in 15.7 seconds at .

Manufacturer's specifications
Engine: 1966–67 -  OHV V8, 1968–70 -  OHV V8
Power: 1966–67 -  @ 4800 rpm, 1968–70 -  @ 4400 rpm, 400 (298 kW) @ 5000 rpm with option code W-34
Torque: 1966–67 –  @ 3200 rpm, 1968–70 –  @ 3000 rpm,  @ 3200 rpm with option code W-34
Transmission: 3-speed automatic, Turbo-Hydramatic 425 (THM-425)
Final drive ratio: 1966–67 - 3.21:1, 1968–70 - 3.07:1
Wheelbase:
Overall length: 1966–67 - , 1968 - , 1969–70 -
Overall height:
Overall width:
Track, front/rear:  /
Weight, shipping/curb: /
Weight distribution, front/rear (%): 60.3/39.7

Second generation (1971–1978)

With heavily revised styling from the first generation, the Toronado transitioned from a "GT"-style car into a more traditional luxury car. It was now more similar to the Cadillac Eldorado than the Buick Riviera (which would be redesigned in 1974, then again in 1977), with styling taking several cues from the 1967–70 Eldorado. Sales increased dramatically. Front disc brakes became standard. The front end utilized a novel air induction system, splitting the airflow from below the headlights, in a "bottom breather" fashion. When United States Federal bumper standards were implemented, the front air intake was phased out for a conventional approach from below the bumper.

All overall dimensions of the 1971 Toronado were larger than previous models with wheelbase increased from 119 to , only  less than the full-sized Delta 88. Also, the subframe design of first-generation Toronados was replaced by a separate body-on-frame similar to full-sized Delta 88 and Ninety-Eight models. The front torsion bar suspension was retained, but the multi-leaf springs in the rear were replaced by coil springs. In addition, the Toronado introduced as a novelty what later became a federal mandate in a modified form, two high-mounted taillights above the trunk and below the rear window, which was shared on its platform twin the Riviera. These taillights mirrored brake and turn functions of the normal taillights, but not the nighttime taillights. A rear-wheel ABS became optional.

The 455 cubic-inch (7.46 L) Rocket V8 was carried over from previous models as the standard Toronado engine. The introduction of the second-generation Toronado coincided with the implementation of a GM corporate edict that took effect with the 1971 models; all engines had to run on lower-octane regular leaded, low lead or unleaded gasoline to meet increasing more stringent Federal (and California) emission control regulations, a goal that was reached by reducing compression ratios. This was a first step toward the introduction of catalytic converters in 1975, which mandated the use of unleaded fuel. The 1971 Toronado's 455 cubic-inch V8 (7.46 L) was rated at  (down from 375 in 1970) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1 (down from 10.5:1 in 1970).

For 1972, the advertised rating for the 455 engine dropped to  thanks to a switch in power measurement to "net" ratings which were measured as installed in a vehicle with all accessories and emissions equipment attached. By 1976, the last year for the 455 engine in the Toronado, the net rating dropped to .

The 1971–78 generation is mainly noted for the early use of two safety features that are now standard on all cars in the United States, the aforementioned high-mounted taillights (although a somewhat similar feature had appeared briefly as an option on the Ford Thunderbird in the late 1960s), and from 1974 through 1976, the Toronado was part of GM's first experimental production run of driver- and passenger-side airbags, which GM named the Air Cushion Restraint System. These Toronados used a unique steering wheel and were fitted with a knee blocker beneath the driver's portion of the dashboard.

Styling/engineering highlights through the years included disc brakes with audible wear indicators for 1972, a federally mandated  front bumper along with new vertical taillights in 1973, a stand-up hood ornament, 5 mph rear bumper and optional fixed rear side opera windows in 1974 and rectangular headlights in 1975.

The 1973 Toronado went on sale in September 1972 and has a combined fuel economy of between 8.5 and 10.9 miles per gallon. The 1975 through 1978 Toronados had a fuel tank that could hold 26 gallons of gasoline, whereas the 1973 Toronado had a 25.9 gallon capacity fuel tank with 250 horsepower and an axle ratio of 2.73:1. The 1973 Toronado was made from September 1972 to September 1973.

During most of the Toronado's second-generation run, two interior trims were generally offered each year. The standard interior trim consisted of a choice of cloth or vinyl upholstery and a Custom Sport notchback bench seat with center armrest. An optional Brougham interior available in cloth, velour or vinyl trims included cut-pile carpeting, door-mounted courtesy lighting and a split 60/40 bench seat with armrest. From 1971 to 1973, the Toronado's "Command Center" wrap-around instrument panel was similar to other full-sized Oldsmobiles featuring a large squared speedometer directly in front of the driver, heating/air conditioning and lights/wipers switches on the left hand side and the radio controls and cigar lighter on the right hand side. From 1974 to 1978, a flat instrument panel (again shared with Delta 88 and Ninety-Eight models) was used that featured a horizontal sweep speedometer flanked by a "Message Center" of warning lights, fuel gauge and shift quadrant, with the other controls in the same locations as in previous years.

As befitting a luxury car, Toronados featured a long list of standard equipment that included Turbo-Hydramatic transmission, variable-ratio power steering, power front disc brakes along with an electric clock, carpeting and deluxe wheel covers. Virtually all Toronados' were sold loaded with extra-cost options including air conditioning, AM/FM stereo with 8-track tape player, power trunk release, vinyl roof, tilt and telescopic steering wheel, cruise control, power windows, power door locks and six-way power seats. Power windows became standard equipment in 1975. A new feature in 1974 was a gauge that monitored if the driver was driving economically or not called the Fuel Economy Gauge which was a vacuum pressure gauge that would determine if the accelerator pedal was being pushed too hard.

The later years of this generation of Toronado saw new features mostly confined to minor styling tweaks to the grille and trim, although in 1977, the XS and XSR models debuted. Both featured a three-sided, hot wire "bent-glass" rear window and, on the XSR, electric t-tops which slid inwards at the touch of a button. However, as built in prototype form, the XSR had no means of channeling water away from the retractable sections, and water would inevitably leak into the cabin. No workable solution to the problem was found, and as such, the XSR model was scrapped. The XS, which did enter production, was offered with GM's more reliable (and no doubt more leak-resistant) Astro roof sliding sunroof instead. Air conditioning was standard.

The running factory "XSR" prototype was documented as "restored" by Collectible Automobile Magazine in the late 1990s.

Also for 1977, the  V8 was replaced by a smaller  engine (rated at 185HP/325 lb.ft.), due mainly to forthcoming government Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards (implemented beginning with the 1978 model year). In addition, the 1977 Delta 88 and Ninety-Eight models, formerly the biggest cars in the Oldsmobile stable, were downsized. For two more model years, the Toronado would be the largest Oldsmobile, and, after the mid-sized Cutlass line's downsizing for 1978, the Toronado looked hopelessly out of place in the lineup, given the industry-wide shift to smaller cars. Also in 1977, when Buick removed the Riviera from the E-body lineup and reassigned it to the B-body LeSabre bodyshell, this meant that all E-bodies would be front-wheel drive only.

This generation was probably helped in the sales race by the radical and controversial "boat-tail" design of the contemporary Buick Riviera, since during this period the Toronado outsold its Buick cousin for the first time. However, the higher-priced Cadillac Eldorado managed to outsell the Toronado in most of these years.

Third generation (1979–1985)

The third generation Toronado was substantially downsized, losing nearly  and almost  in length.  Reflecting its  length and  wheelbase, it came equipped with the smaller Oldsmobile  V8.  The engine was rated at 170 HP/270 lb.ft. torque giving it a top speed of over  and a  acceleration time of 9.4 seconds.  This was considered one of the faster times for that era.

A  V8 (140 HP) was introduced in 1980, and a larger  version of the Buick V6 (125 HP) shared with the Riviera was made available from 1981 to 1984, but it proved unpopular due to its slow acceleration.

Also offered in these years was Oldsmobile's new diesel V8, that is based on the division's gasoline-powered  V8, but with added block material. This engine was novel and economical, and sales were initially good. The diesel engine acquired a terrible mechanical reputation, becoming a genuine black eye for Oldsmobile. Many cars which originally came diesel-equipped were eventually converted to gasoline engines when disgusted owners finally threw in the towel. The engine was revised through its life, which fixed many issues that hurt its reputation, but it was too late and the engine was eventually dropped.

The three-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic automatic transmission was standard equipment from 1979 to 1981 and replaced by the four-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic 325-4L overdrive unit from 1982 to 1985. The 307 cubic-inch V8 (a smaller-displacement version of the 350 Rocket), was standard on 1985 Toronados.

Independent rear suspension (designed by Cadillac engineers) was adopted for the new car, which helped to increase usable rear-seat and trunk space in the smaller body, as well as improved handling over previous Toronados with no sacrifice in ride quality. Rear disc brakes were optional.

In addition to the base Toronado Brougham, various trim packages were available under the XSC (1980–81) and Caliente (1984–85) names were offered along with choices of velour, leather upholstery, even sueded leather inserts and digital instrumentation. The XSC offered individual front bucket seats, as opposed to the traditional split bench front seat usually installed. The third-generation of the Toronado was also made into a convertible by the American Sunroof Company, with a power-operated cloth top. Reclining backrests were an option.

This generation Toronado, along with its Riviera and Eldorado cousins, were the last body-on-frame, front wheel drive cars with longitudinally mounted V8 engines.

Fourth generation (1986–1992)

With a nearly 16% price increase over the 1985 model, the final generation Toronado made its debut in 1985 for the 1986 model year. It was smaller overall, moved from body-on-frame to unibody construction, and was the first Toronado since 1969 to feature hidden headlights.  The Toranado's previous V8 engines were superseded by a single, fuel-injected version of the Buick 231 cu in (3.8 L) V6.

Inside, a new digital instrument panel and optional voice alert system were used. Standard seating was a cloth 60/40 bench with center armrest. Optional bucket seats were offered with a full-length center console and a horseshoe-like "basket handle" gear shift. Upholstery choices included cloth or leather.

Against predictions of sharp gasoline prices, prices fell dramatically. As a result, many traditional domestic car buyers chose to buy larger, less efficient cars in 1986. Along with its rebadged variants, the Eldorado and Riviera, the Toronado suffered a serious sales decline. Journalists cited factors including the downsizing, notable price increases, as well as styling that too closely followed less expensive, less-luxurious compacts at GM, notably the Oldsmobile Calais, Buick Somerset, and Pontiac Grand Am.

In mid-1987, Oldsmobile attempted to bolster sagging Toronado sales by introducing a sportier model marketed as the Troféo, which featured standard leather bucket seats, faux dual exhaust, more-aggressive styling, and a stiffer suspension (the highly regarded corporate FE3 package, with retuned shocks, struts and other components).

For 1988, changes for the Troféo included new seats and monochromatic paint; both Toronado and Troféo used larger climate control buttons and rear three-point seatbelts. Additionally, power increased with the introduction of the new Buick  LN3 V6 engine. Optional wire wheel covers were no longer offered. Toronado and Trofeo models included the FE3 suspension with standard aluminum wheels.

For model year 1989, the Troféo was no longer marketed as the Toronado.  Options included the Visual Information Center: a dash-mounted touchscreen CRT that controlled the vehicle's HVAC system, radio, trip computer and interface to the optional integrated hands-free cell phone. The Troféo also received standard anti-lock brakes, a new steering wheel with controls for radio and climate control, and standard bucket seats with console or an optional split-bench.

For 1990, the hood was the only carryover sheet metal as Oldsmobile designers redesigned the body, increasing the overall length by about , enlarging the trunk. A driver-side airbag was standard equipment. The 1991 models had increased horsepower, and remote keyless entry and anti-lock brakes were now standard. Ultrasuede upholstery was an option. The optional moonroof no longer required ordering bucket seats, however, a fully digital instrument cluster was now only available on Toronado models equipped with a front bench seat.

In 1992, General Motors (GM) and Avis Rent a Car pilot tested a GPS navigation system in select rental Troféo models equipped with the touchscreen at the Orlando International Airport in Florida. The pilot systems included the built-in cellular phone and a computer-synthesized voice guidance system. Named "TravTek", the system was monitored by AAA via an antenna mounted on the car's trunk, and included directions to AAA locations around the Orlando area.

1992 models again offered optional wire wheels and received a stiffer standard suspension, the formerly-optional FE3 package. Oldsmobile discontinued the Toronado and Troféo at the end of the 1992 model year, with the last Toronado rolling off the assembly line on May 28, 1992. The Toronado was ultimately replaced in the lineup in early 1994 by the Aurora sports sedan, which made its debut as a 1995 model and shared its platform with the eighth and final generation of the Buick Riviera.

Variants

Jetway 707

During the late 1960s (1968–70), the only Oldsmobile professionally made into a limousine was the Toronado, known as the American Quality Coach (AQC) Jetway 707, with the 707 moniker a nod to the Boeing 707. The 707 rode on six wheels, and was 28 ft long with a 185-inch wheelbase. To capitalize on the aircraft theme, the passengers each sat on individual bucket seats. Between 52 and 150 were believed to have been built, and a black one can be seen in a traffic scene in the 1976 movie All the President's Men.

67 X
The 67 X (also Toronado 67X, Esso 67X) is a Canadian-built automobile, based on the Toronado, that was designed and manufactured by automobile customizer George Barris for Canada's Expo 67, where they were raffled off in a contest sponsored by Esso. Only four of these vehicles were ever made, but they included swiveling seats, a sofa, and even a refrigeration unit, with an overall sleek-looking design. Commercials for this vehicle were aired in the Stanley Cup Playoffs final game between the Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs. In April 2009, one of these cars came up for auction on eBay.

References

 (Aug. 1966) Motor Sport, full road test, 1966 Toronado
 (Feb. 1966) Car Life, full road test, 1966 Toronado.
 (April 1968) Car & Driver, full road test, 1968 Toronado W-34.

External links

Encyclopedia of Olds Toronado page
Toronado Owner's Association
AQC Jetway 707, a Toronado limousine conversion
Oldsmobile Toronado in TV and film
Outrightolds.com - Oldsmobile Toronado Guide

Toronado
Coupés
1960s cars
1970s cars
1980s cars
1990s cars
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Cars introduced in 1966
Personal luxury cars

Oldsmobile Toronado


An Platanthera handel-mazzettii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ken Inoue. An Platanthera handel-mazzettii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Platanthera, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Platanthera

Platanthera handel-mazzettii


Anton Hafner ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Anton Hafner (Bankier) (1881–1950), deutscher Bankier (Bankhaus Hafner)
 Anton Hafner (Kameramann) (auch Anton Haffner; 1901–1987), Fotograf und Kameramann, Assistent von Leni Riefenstahl; Mitwirkung an NS-Propagandafilmen
 Anton Hafner (Maler) (auch Toni Hafner; 1912–2012), österreichischer Maler und Komponist
 Anton Hafner (Offizier) (1918–1944), deutscher Offizier

Anton Hafner


VR-190 (russo: ВР-190; "Vysotnaya Raketa", literalmente, "foguete de grande altitude") foi o primeiro projeto de foguete da URSS para lançar um ser humano em voo espacial suborbital em uma trajetória balística. O projeto funcionou nas décadas de 1940 e 1950 e, segundo fontes oficiais, não atingiu os objetivos traçados. No entanto, as teorias da conspiração em torno do projeto afirmam que, embora os vôos tripulados tenham falhado oficialmente, os cosmonautas foram enviados com sucesso ao espaço na década de 1950.

Histórico

Origens
Em 13 de maio de 1946, de acordo com um decreto secreto do governo soviético, a pesquisa de foguetes em larga escala foi estabelecida na URSS. O estabelecimento oficial da indústria de foguetes foi precedido por um grupo de trabalho dirigido por Mikhail Tikhonravov e Nikolai Chernyshov no NII-4 da Academy of Artillery Science. No outono de 1945, o grupo executou seu próprio programa de foguetes estratosféricos, que culminou no desenvolvimento do VR-190, um sistema de foguetes para voo vertical para dois pilotos até uma altitude de 200 km baseado no V-2 alemão capturado (A-4).

Em fevereiro de 1946, o projeto foi apresentado ao secretário da Academia de Ciências da URSS, N. G. Bruevich, e depois ao presidente da Academia, Sergey Vavilov, em março. Recebido positivamente, o projeto foi apresentado ao ministro da indústria aeronáutica, Mikhail Khrunichev, em junho.

Testes e desenvolvimento
O teste de voos não tripulados e tripulados foi realizado em Kapustin Yar, na região de Astrakhan. Os voos de teste duraram cerca de 20 minutos, durante os quais o foguete atingiu uma altura de mais de 100 km (linha Kármán) na atmosfera superior (estratosfera), com suas cargas separadas das ogivas. Todos os pilotos desceram de paraquedas e pousaram a poucos quilômetros do local de lançamento.

O projeto VR-190 foi implementado aproximadamente ao mesmo tempo, com foguetes de alta altitude com ogivas seladas e sistemas de suporte à vida sendo testados. Eles também realizaram voos com passageiros animais para avaliar os efeitos combinados de vários fatores que também poderiam afetar os passageiros humanos. Vários voos suborbitais com cães foram realizados: com foguetes R-1B e R-1V (1951) - quando os cães Dezik e Roma foram os primeiros animais da história a completar com sucesso um voo espacial suborbital - com R-1D e R-1E (1954-1957), R-1E (1957-1960) e R-2A e .

Segundo relatos oficiais, o projeto nunca chegou ao estágio de voo humano e foi cancelado devido ao insucesso no final dos anos 1950. O trabalho foi reorientado para a criação da espaçonave orbital tripulada Vostok.

O projeto foi mantido em completo segredo, com designers, cientistas e até os cachorros operando sob pseudônimos. As primeiras informações públicas sobre o projeto foram disponibilizadas na década de 1980 e eram de natureza puramente teórica. Sua implementação prática e o primeiro voo dos cachorros em foguetes foram divulgados oficialmente em 1991.

Ver também
 Viagem espacial
 Voo suborbital
 Voo orbital
 Programa espacial soviético
 Base de lançamento espacial

Foguetes e mísseis
Programas de voos espaciais tripulados
Programa espacial soviético

Projeto VR-190


Estudos camponeses ou estudos agrários (no inglês, peasant studies, agrarian studies) é um campo de pesquisa que emergiu no contexto do debate acerca do desenvolvimento econômico e sua relação com a agricultura, em torno da década de 1970, com um enfoque na caracterização dessas comunidades agrárias e suas trajetórias diante das perspectivas de modernização. Os pesquisadores dessa área se concentraram inicialmente no estudo de países majoritariamente rurais em processo de independência, adotando uma metodologia comparativa entre casos contemporâneos e passados, enfatizando a participação dos camponeses nesses processos históricos, e consequentemente contrariando as teorias dominantes do período que pressupunham um anacronismo e necessário declínio dessas culturas. Eventos como a Guerra do Vietnã exerceram forte influência na renovação conceitual trazida pelos estudos camponeses, em razão do protagonismo político dessas comunidades.

História
O processo de descolonização em curso na segunda metade do século XX, e a consequente emergência de países independentes considerados sub-desenvolvidos e majoritariamente rurais, atraiu bastante atenção para os camponeses enquanto classe, e as previsões de declínio derivadas das teorias de economia política prevalentes. Os debates, fundados no paradigma da modernização, giravam em torno dos meios para a superação da sociedade agrárias em favor da industrialização, contrastando os modelos predominantes da 'coletivização' soviética e da reforma agrária familiar praticada nos Estados Unidos, este último difundido frequentemente sob a forma de 'Revolução verde'. Em contraponto ao paradigma modernista prevalente, críticos buscaram elaborar caracterizações alternativas dos camponeses, contrastando as suposições de impotência histórica com as recentes demonstrações de protagonismo político, como também as projeções de declínio com a inegável persistência dos mesmos nos debates sociais e econômicos.

O antropólogo Eric Wolf foi responsável pela publicação de livros sobre comunidades agrárias que impactaram as ciências sociais na segunda metade da década de 1960, estudando os exemplos das revoluções no Vietnam e na China, como também na Rússia e no México, e desenvolvendo contrastes com o repertório dominante. Igualmente influente, a obra de James C. Scott acerca dos modos de resistência cotidiana dos camponeses, impactaram o paradigma da impotência política camponesa. A tradução tardia dos estudos de Alexander Chayanov sobre a dinâmica das comunidades camponeses da Rússia pré-revolucionária também impactou o debates acerca dos processos de transição entre modos de produção

Referências

Biliografia

Subcampos da sociologia

Estudos camponeses


Stigsnæsværkets Havn er en stor dybvands- og transithavn, der ligger på Stigsnæs i Sydvestsjælland tæt ved Stigsnæsværket og syd for Skælskør. Den er Sjællands dybeste havn med ca. 18 meter, og kan dermed tage meget store skibe i forhold til andre havne i Danmark.

Tidligere var havnen en stor transithavn for olie og kul, men efter Olieraffinaderiet på Stigsnæs lukkede i 1997 og Stigsnæsværket lukkede i 2012, er aktiviteterne på havnen faldet. Men efter at værkets ejer, DONG Energy, aktiviteterne er flyttet tilbage fra Ensted Transithavn til Stigsnæsværkets Havn, er der kommet mere liv på havnen.

Ved havnen ligger Stigsnæs Gulfhavn Olie Terminal som udskiber og opbevarer olie.

Kilder

Skælskør
Havne i Danmark

Stigsnæsværkets Havn


ලංකාසුඛ  යනු,  මැලේ අර්ධද්වීපයෙහි පිහිටි පුරාතන හින්දු-බෞද්ධ රාජධානියකි. මෙම නම සංස්කෘත සම්භවයක් දරයි

ලංකාසුඛ


Topallı, Adana ilinin Aladağ ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
1928'den beri aynı adı taşıyarak köy statüsünü sürdürmektedir.

Coğrafya ve ulaşım
Adana iline 70 km, Aladağ ilçesine 45 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Altyapı bilgileri

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Aladağ'ın mahalleleri

Topallı, Aladağ