Le site vallée de la Dordogne quercynoise est une zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique (ZNIEFF) française des départements de la Corrèze et de la Dordogne, en région Nouvelle-Aquitaine, et du Lot, en région Occitanie.

Situation
Limité aux départements de la Corrèze, de la Dordogne et du Lot, le site « vallée de la Dordogne quercynoise » correspond à la vallée de la Dordogne mais également à , depuis Astaillac et Gagnac-sur-Cère à l'est, jusqu'au viaduc ferroviaire de Mareuil à l'ouest, entre Peyrillac-et-Millac et Le Roc ; il s'étend sur , sur le territoire de  riveraines de la Dordogne : deux en Corrèze, deux en Dordogne et vingt-quatre dans le Lot.

Description
Le site « vallée de la Dordogne quercynoise » est une zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique (ZNIEFF) de , c'est-à-dire qu'elle représente un ensemble naturel riche ou peu modifié, qui offre des potentialités biologiques importantes. Elle possède un rôle fonctionnel ainsi qu'une cohérence écologique et paysagère et inclut territorialement l'intégralité de la ZNIEFF de  quatre fois moins étendue « la Dordogne quercynoise ».

Le site est composé à 35 % de forêts caducifoliées, à 30 % de prairies mésophiles, à 12 % d'eaux courantes, à 12 % de cultures, à 4 % de vergers, bosquets ou plantations d'arbres, à 2 % de fourrés, à 2 % de pelouses calcicoles sèches, à 2 % de villes, villages et sites industriels et à 1 % de rochers, éboulis et sables.

Des recensements y ont été effectués aux niveaux faunistique et floristique.

Faune recensée

Espèces animales déterminantes
De 1980 à 2009,  animales y ont été répertoriées :
 quarante-huit insectes dont :
 trente-trois coléoptères entre 1980 et 2005 : , , Agnathus decoratus, , Ampedus cinnaberinus, Ampedus pomorum, Ampedus rufipennis, Ampedus sanguinolentus, , , Brachygonus megerlei, le Cardiophore des graminées (, le Clairon porte-croix (), , , , , , , , , , , , , , le Prione tanneur (Prionus coriarius), , Pycnomerus terebrans, , , Tillus elongatus et ,
 cinq lépidoptères entre 1997 et 2009 : l'Azuré du serpolet (Phengaris arion), le Cuivré des marais (Lycaena dispar), le Damier de la succise (Euphydryas aurinia), l'Hermite (Chazara briseis) et le Nacré de la filipendule (Brenthis hecate),
 quatre odonates entre 1996 et 2006 : l'Agrion de Mercure (Coenagrion mercuriale), la Cordulie à corps fin (Oxygastra curtisii), le Gomphe à crochets (Onychogomphus uncatus) et la Naïade aux yeux rouges (Erythromma najas),
 six orthoptères entre 1989 et 2007 : le Criquet des friches (, le Criquet des garrigues (), le Criquet des jachères (), le Grillon des torrents (, l'Œdipode aigue-marine (Sphingonotus caerulans caerulans) et le Tétrix méridional (Paratettix meridionalis) ;
 quatre crustacés en 1998 : , Niphargus ladmiraulti, Salentinella petiti et  ;
 cinq mammifères entre 1998 et 2006 : la Loutre d'Europe (Lutra lutra), la Martre des pins (Martes martes), le Minioptère de Schreibers (Miniopterus schreibersii), le Petit rhinolophe (Rhinolophus hipposideros) et le Rhinolophe euryale (Rhinolophus euryale) ;
 deux mollusques en 2001 : la Bythinelle de Padirac () et  ;
 treize oiseaux entre 1980 et 2009 : l'Alouette lulu (Lullula arborea), le Circaète Jean-le-Blanc (Circaetus gallicus), le Faucon pèlerin (Falco peregrinus), le Hibou grand-duc (Bubo bubo), l'Hirondelle de rivage (Riparia riparia), la Huppe fasciée (Upupa epops), le Martinet à ventre blanc (Tachymarptis melba), le Petit Gravelot (Charadrius dubius), le Pic mar (Dendrocopos medius), la Pie-grièche à tête rousse (Lanius senator), le Pigeon colombin (Columba oenas), le Torcol fourmilier (Jynx torquilla) et la Tourterelle des bois (Streptopelia turtur) ;
 dix poissons entre 1988 et 2005 : l'Anguille d'Europe (Anguilla anguilla), Barbatula, le Chabot (Cottus), Gobio, le Grand brochet (Esox lucius), la Grande alose (Alosa alosa), la Lamproie de Planer (Lampetra  planeri), la Lamproie marine (Petromyzon marinus), le Saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) et le Vairon (Phoxinus phoxinus) ;
 un reptile en 2000 : le Lézard ocellé (Timon lepidus).

 Autres espèces animales
Quatre autres espèces d'orthoptères  y ont été recensées entre 1996 et 2007 : le Criquet des roseaux (), le Grillon bordelais (Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis), le  (Pteronemobius heydenii) et l'Œdipode rouge (Oedipoda germanica).

 Protection de la faune
Une espèce de gastéropodes de la ZNIEFF, Moitessieria rolandiana, est protégée sur l'ensemble du territoire français.

Quatre espèces d'insectes de la ZNIEFF, l'Agrion de Mercure, la Cordulie à corps fin, le Cuivré des marais et le Damier de la succise, sont protégées au titre de la Directive habitats de l'Union européenne et donc sur l'ensemble du territoire français.

Les cinq espèces mammifères de la ZNIEFF, la Loutre d'Europe, la Martre des pins, le Minioptère de Schreibers, le Petit rhinolophe et le Rhinolophe euryale, sont protégées au titre de la Directive habitats de l'Union européenne mais paradoxalement seules quatre sont protégées sur l'ensemble du territoire français, la Martre des pins étant considérée comme gibier autorisé à la chasse.

Cinq espèces d'oiseaux de la ZNIEFF, l'Alouette lulu, le Circaète Jean-le-Blanc, le Faucon pèlerin, le Hibou grand-duc et le Pic mar, sont protégées au titre de la Directive oiseaux de l'Union européenne ; elles sont donc protégées sur l'ensemble du territoire français, tout comme six autres : l'Hirondelle de rivage, la Huppe fasciée, le Martinet à ventre blanc, le Petit Gravelot, la Pie-grièche à tête rousse et le Torcol fourmilier.

Quatre espèces de poissons de la ZNIEFF, la Grande alose, la Lamproie de Planer, la Lamproie marine et le Saumon atlantique, sont protégées au titre de la Directive habitats de l'Union européenne ; elles sont donc protégées sur l'ensemble du territoire français, tout comme le Grand brochet.

 Flore recensée
 Espèces végétales déterminantes
De 1991 à 2009,  végétales ont été recensées sur la ZNIEFF dont :
 un bryophyte en 2001 : la Riccie flottante (Riccia fluitans),
  : l'Ache inondée (Helosciadium inundatum), l'Adoxe musquée (Adoxa moschatellina), l'Alysson des montagnes (Alyssum montanum), l'Arabette des Alpes (Arabis alpina), l'Avoine à grosses graines (Avena sterilis), la Balsamine des bois (Impatiens noli-tangere), le Brome en grappe (), le Bunias fausse-roquette (Bunias erucago), la Camomille sauvage (Matricaria chamomilla), le Caucalis à grandes fleurs (Orlaya grandiflora), le Cerfeuil doré (Chaerophyllum aureum), la Clypéole jonthlaspi (), la Crépide blanchâtre (), la Drave faux Aïzoon (Draba aizoides), l'Égilope à trois arêtes (Aegilops triuncialis ), l'Épiaire des marais (Stachys palustris), l'Épipactis pourpre noirâtre (Epipactis atrorubens), l'Éragrostide poilue (Eragrostis pilosa), le Flûteau nageant (Luronium natans), la Fumeterre grimpante (Fumaria capreolata), le Gaillet à trois cornes (), le Géranium livide (Geranium phaeum), la Gesse des bois (Lathyrus sylvestris), le Gypsophile des murailles (), l'Hélianthème à feuilles de saule (Helianthemum salicifolium), l'Hysope Hyssopus officinalis), l'Isnardie des marais (Ludwigia palustris), l'Isolépis sétacé (Isolepis setacea), le Jonc fleuri (Butomus umbellatus), le Jouet-du-vent (Apera spica-venti), la Laîche à épis grêles (), la Laîche appauvrie (Carex depauperata), la Laîche fausse-brize (), la Laîche faux souchet (Carex pseudocyperus), le Laser de France (Laserpitium gallicum), la Lentille d'eau à trois sillons (Lemna trisulca), la Lindernie rampante (Lindernia procumbens), la Lunaire vivace (Lunaria rediviva), le Lupin réticulé (Lupinus angustifolius subsp. reticulatus), la Mercuriale de Huet (Mercurialis annua subsp. huetii), la Morène (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae), le Muguet de mai (Convallaria majalis), le Nénuphar jaune (Nuphar lutea), le Nerprun des Alpes (Rhamnus alpina), le Nerprun des rochers (Rhamnus saxatilis), l'Œillet du Roussillon (Dianthus pungens subsp. ruscinonensis), l'Oseille ronde (Rumex scutatus), la Pariétaire officinale (Parietaria officinalis), le Pâturin des marais (Poa palustris), le Persil des montagnes (Oreoselinum nigrum), la Petite amourette (Briza minor), la Petite renouée (), le Plantain d'eau à feuilles lancéolées (Alisma lanceolatum), le Potamot brillant (Potamogeton nitens), le Potamot de Berchtold (), le Potamot des Alpes (Potamogeton alpinus), le Potamot filiforme (Potamogeton trichoides), le Potamot nain (Potamogeton pusillus), le Potamot noueux (Potamogeton nodosus), le Potamot perfolié (Potamogeton perfoliatus), la Pulicaire commune (Pulicaria vulgaris), la Renoncule aquatique (Ranunculus aquatilis), le Rorippe amphibie (Rorippa amphibia), la Sabline à grandes fleurs (Arenaria grandiflora), la Salicaire pourpier (Lythrum portula), le Scandix d'Espagne (Scandix pecten-veneris subsp. hispanica), le Scirpe à inflorescence ovoïde (Eleocharis ovata), le Scirpe épingle (Eleocharis acicularis), le Silène à bouquets  (Silene armeria ), le Silène de France (Silene gallica), le Silène glaréeux  (Silene vulgaris subsp. glareosa), le Sisymbre d'Autriche (Sisymbrium austriacum), le Souchet de Michel (Cyperus michelianus, le Souchet jaunâtre (Cyperus flavescens), la Véronique faux mouron (Veronica anagalloides) et la Vesce velue (Vicia villosa),
 trois ptéridophytes entre 2000 et 2009 : la Capillaire des murailles à rachis épais (Asplenium trichomanes subsp. pachyrachis), le Gymnocarpe de Robert (Gymnocarpium robertianum) et la Prêle d'hiver (Equisetum hyemale).

 Autres espèces végétales
Quinze autres espèces et sous-espèces de phanérogames non déterminantes y ont été répertoriées entre 1993 et 2009 : l'Armoise blanche (Artemisia alba), la Bardanette en grappe (), la Bugrane striée (Ononis striata), la Campanule à petites fleurs (), la Cardoncelle (Carduncellus mitissimus), le Chêne vert (Quercus ilex), le Fumana fausse bruyère (Fumana ericoides), la Gastridie (), la Gesse sans vrille (Lathyrus nissolia), l'Hélianthème de Spach (Fumana ericoides subsp. montana), la Laîche paniculée (Carex paniculata), la Leuzée conifère (Rhaponticum coniferum), le Lin d'Autriche (Linum austriacum), l'Orpin reprise (Hylotelephium telephium subsp. fabaria) et le Pistachier térébinthe (Pistacia terebinthus''),

Protection de la flore
Deux espèces végétales de la ZNIEFF, le Flûteau nageant et la Lindernie rampante, sont protégées au titre de la Directive habitats de l'Union européenne ; elles sont donc protégées sur l'ensemble du territoire français métropolitain, ainsi que la Pulicaire commune.

Espaces connexes

Natura 2000
Le site Natura 2000 « vallée de la Dordogne quercynoise » s'étend sur  et concerne seulement vingt communes du département du Lot, soit quatre de moins que celles de la ZNIEFF homonyme.

Quatorze espèces animales et une espèce végétale inscrites à  de la directive 92/43/CEE de l'Union européenne y ont été répertoriées.

ZNIEFF
Le territoire de la ZNIEFF « vallée de la Dordogne quercynoise » inclut intégralement celui de la ZNIEFF de  « la Dordogne quercynoise », quatre fois moins étendue et comprenant quatre communes du Lot en moins : Baladou, Calès, Loubressac et Loupiac.

De nombreuses espèces déterminantes y ont été recensées :  et .

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 La Dordogne quercynoise
 Liste des ZNIEFF de la Corrèze
 Liste des ZNIEFF de la Dordogne
 Liste des ZNIEFF du Lot
 Vallée de la Dordogne quercynoise (Natura 2000)
 La Dordogne quercynoise
 Dordogne (fleuve français)
 Zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique

ZNIEFF de type II en Corrèze
ZNIEFF de type II en Dordogne
ZNIEFF de type II dans le Lot

Vallée de la Dordogne quercynoise (ZNIEFF)


Catedrala Sf. Martin, Leicester, de obicei cunoscut sub numele de Catedrala Leicester, este o biserică anglicană, catedrală a  din orașul Leicester, Anglia. Biserica a fost ridicată la rang de biserică colegială în 1922 și la cel de catedrală în 1927, după înființarea noii Dioceze de Leicester, în 1926.

Rămășițele lui Richard al III-lea a fost înmormântate în catedrală în 2015, după fuseseră descoperite în apropiere.

Biserica Anglicană
Catedrale din Anglia
Biserici cu hramul Sfântul Martin

Catedrala Leicester


Polymastia villosa est une espèce d'éponges de la famille des Polymastiidae.

Distribution
L'espèce est décrite des îles Galápagos, dans l'Océan Pacifique.

Taxinomie
L'espèce Polymastia villosa est décrite en 1997 par Ruth Desqueyroux-Faúndez et Rob W. M. van Soest.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Références biologiques

Notes et références

Polymastiidae
Espèce d'éponges (nom scientifique)

Polymastia villosa


Republika Hrvatska i Republika San Marino održavaju diplomatske odnose od 11. veljače 1993. Sjedište veleposlanstva je u Rimu.

Veleposlanici
Hrvatska nema rezidentno veleposlanstvo u San Marinu.

Veleposlanstvo Republike Hrvatske u Talijanskoj Republici pokriva Republiku San Marino i Republiku Maltu.

Vidi još
Ministarstvo vanjskih i europskih poslova Republike Hrvatske

Vanjske poveznice
 San Marino na stranici MVEP-a

Izvori

San Marino

Popis hrvatskih veleposlanika u San Marinu


Le Ster Goanez est une rivière française affluente de rive droite de l'Aulne qui coule dans le département du Finistère.

Description

Ce cours d'eau a sa source à la limite communale de Loqueffret et de Plonévez-du-Faou, et forme limite avec le Parc naturel régional d'Armorique dans son cours supérieur ; il coule généralement dans le sens sud-sud-ouest à travers une zone peu peuplée de la Haute Cornouaille ; il forme dans son cours médian limite communale entre Le Cloître-Pleyben et Plonévez-du-Faou ; à une distance de sa source d'environ 23,6 km, alors qu'il forme la limite communale entre Lennon et Châteauneuf-du-Faou, il se jette dans l'Aulne en tant qu'affluent de rive droite (l'Aulne, dans cette zone, est un tronçon du canal de Nantes à Brest).

Son lit était parsemé d'embâcles, des troncs d'arbres de diamètres variés, qui entravaient la libre circulation de l'eau et provoquaient des barrages. Le Ster Goanez est en cours de restauration par les pêcheurs : 5,5 km du Ster-Goanez ont été restaurés durant la période 2017-2021 avec l'aide financière de l'Agence de l'eau via l'Établissement Public Territorial de Bassin de l'Aulne (EPAGA). À terme, ce seront 10 km du Ster Goanez qui seront nettoyés par l'Association agréée de pêche et de protection du milieu aquatique (AAPPMA) de Châteauneuf-du-Faou.

Le Ster Goanez décrit en 1899
Le Guide Joanne de 1899 en fait la description suivante :

Toponymie
 Stêr ou Ster signifie "rivière" en breton.

Notes et références

Cours d'eau dans le Finistère

Ster Goanez


The Royal Collection er den britiske kongefamilies kunstsamling og en af de største og vigtigste kunstsamlinger i verden, fordelt blandt et dusin nuværende og tidligere kongelige boliger over hele Storbritannien. Samlingen  ejes af monarken som suveræn, men båndlagt for hendes efterfølgere og nationen.

The Royal Collection indeholder over 7.000 malerier, 40.000 akvareller og tegninger, og omkring 150.000 gamle masterprints, samt historiske fotografier, gobeliner, møbler, keramik, bøger og andre kunstværker. Det er fysisk spredt mellem en række steder, hvoraf nogle, som Hampton Court Palace, er åbne for offentligheden og ikke beboet af den kongelige familie, mens andre, som Windsor Castle, både er boliger og åbne for offentligheden. Nogle af værkerne befinder sig i boliger, som Sandringham House, der ikke er åbne for offentligheden. Dronningens Galleri på Buckingham Palace i London har udstillinger fra samlingen i flere måneder ad gangen. Der er også et Dronningens Galleri ved Palace of Holyroodhouse i Edinburgh.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Officiel hjemmeside, Royalcollection.org.uk
 About Royal Collection Trust hos RoyalCollection.org.uk

Det britiske monarki
Kunst

Royal Collection


Ayamonte, İspanya'nın on yedi özerk bölgesinden en çok nüfusa sahip olan, ülkenin güneybatı köşesindeki Endülüs özerk bölgesinin 8 ilinden Portekiz ve Atlas Okyanusu'na kıyısı bulunan Huelva kentine bağlı belediyesi. Ayamonte belediyesinin nüfusu, 2005 yılı nüfus sayımlarına göre 18.001 kişidir.

Huelva'nın belediyeleri
İspanya-Portekiz gümrük kapıları

Ayamonte


Gunnar H. Baldursson, þekktur einnig sem Gunni Bald er íslenskur leykmyndahönnuður og brúðugerðarmaður. Gunnar byrjaði feril sinn á RÚV árið 1971, á ferili hans var hann þekktastur fyrir leikmyndir sínar í Spaugstofunni, en hann smíðaði þær frá 1989-2010. Fleri verk eftir Gunnar eru Fastir liðir eins og venjulega, Gettu betur og Hraðfréttir. Hann hefur einnig gert leykmyndir í kvikmyndunum Óðal feðranna, Hrafninn flýgur og Algjör Sveppi og Gói bjargar málunum.

Brúðugerð
Gunnar er einnig góður brúðugerðarmaður og skapaði brúðurnar Glám og Skrám, Pál Vilhjálmsson og Binna bankastjóra.

Tilvísanir
Íslenskir hönnuðir

Gunnar Baldursson


Con el título Live in Germany existen álbumes en directo de varios artistas musicales:

Live in Germany (Héroes del Silencio), publicado por el grupo español Héroes del Silencio en 2011.
Live in Germany (Joe Lynn Turner), publicado por el cantante Joe Lynn Turner en 2008.
Live in Germany 1996, publicado por el músico japonés Merzbow en 2001.
Live in Germany (Jimmy Bain), publicado por el músico escocés Jimmy Bain en 1994.
Live in Germany (Rainbow), publicado por el grupo británico Rainbow en 1994.

Live in Germany


Latin abecesindeki "F"'ye eşdeğer Kiril Abecesi harfi. (Ф : Büyük Harf. ф : Küçük Harf)

Örneğin;

Rusça : Франция : Frantsiya (Franciya) (Fransa : tr)

Ф

Ф


The Hawker Sea Fury is a British fighter aircraft designed and manufactured by Hawker Aircraft. It was the last propeller-driven fighter to serve with the Royal Navy, and one of the fastest production single reciprocating engine aircraft ever built. Developed during the Second World War, the Sea Fury entered service two years after the war ended. It proved to be a popular aircraft with a number of overseas militaries and was used during the Korean War in the early 1950s, and by the Cuban air force during the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion.

The Sea Fury's development was formally initiated in 1943 in response to a wartime requirement of the Royal Air Force (RAF), with the aircraft initially named Fury. As the Second World War drew to a close, the RAF cancelled their order for the aircraft; however, the Royal Navy saw the type as a suitable carrier aircraft to replace a range of increasingly obsolete or poorly suited aircraft being operated by the Fleet Air Arm. Development of the Sea Fury proceeded, and the type began entering operational service in 1947.

The Sea Fury has many design similarities to Hawker's preceding Tempest fighter, having originated from a requirement for a "Light Tempest Fighter"; both the Sea Fury's wings and fuselage originate from the Tempest but were significantly modified. The production Sea Fury was fitted with the powerful Bristol Centaurus engine and armed with four wing-mounted Hispano V cannons. While originally developed as a pure aerial fighter aircraft, the definitive Sea Fury FB.11 was a fighter-bomber, the design having been found suitable for this mission as well.

The Sea Fury attracted international orders as both a carrier and land-based aircraft. It was operated by countries including Australia, Burma, Canada, Cuba, Egypt, West Germany, Iraq, and Pakistan. The type acquitted itself well in the Korean War, fighting effectively even against the MiG-15 jet fighter. Although the Sea Fury was retired by the majority of its military operators in the late 1950s in favour of jet-propelled aircraft, a considerable number of aircraft saw subsequent use in the civil sector, and several remain airworthy in the 21st century as heritage and racing aircraft.

Development

Origins

The Hawker Fury was an evolutionary successor to the successful Hawker Typhoon and Tempest fighters and fighter-bombers of the Second World War. The Fury's design process was initiated in September 1942 by Sydney Camm, one of Hawker's foremost aircraft designers, to meet the Royal Air Force's requirement for a lightweight Tempest Mk II replacement; the Tempest, while a successful aircraft, had been viewed as being heavy and oversized for typical fighter duties. Developed as the "Tempest Light Fighter (Centaurus)", the semi-elliptical wing of the Tempest was incorporated but was shortened in span by eliminating the central bay of the wing centre-section, the inner part of the undercarriage wells now extending almost to the aircraft centreline, instead of being situated level with the fuselage sides. The fuselage was broadly similar in form to that of the Tempest, but was a fully monocoque structure, while the cockpit level was higher, affording the pilot better all-round visibility.

The project was formalised in January 1943 when the Air Ministry issued Specification F.2/42 around the "Tempest Light Fighter". This was followed up by Specification F.2/43, issued in May 1943, which required a high rate of climb of not less than 4,500 ft/min (23 m/s) from ground level to 20,000 feet (6,096 m), good fighting manoeuvrability and a maximum speed of at least 450 mph (724 km/h) at 22,000 feet (6,705 m). The armament was to be four 20mm Hispano V cannon with a total capacity of 600 rounds, plus the capability of carrying two bombs each up to 1,000 pounds (454 kg). In April 1943, Hawker had also received Specification N.7/43 from the Admiralty, who sought a navalised version of the developing aircraft; in response, Sidney Camm proposed the consolidation of both services' requirements under Specification F.2/43, with the alterations required for naval operations issued on a supplemental basis. Around 1944, the aircraft project finally received its name; the Royal Air Force's version becoming known as the Fury and the Fleet Air Arm's version as the Sea Fury.

Six prototypes were ordered; two were to be powered by Rolls-Royce Griffon engines, two with Centaurus XXIIs, one with a Centaurus XII and one as a test structure. Hawker used the internal designations P.1019 and P.1020 respectively for the Griffon and Centaurus versions, while P.1018 was also used for a Fury prototype which was to use a Napier Sabre IV. The first Fury to fly, on 1 September 1944, was NX798 with a Centaurus XII with rigid engine mounts, powering a Rotol four-blade propeller. Second on 27 November 1944 was LA610, which had a Griffon 85 and Rotol six-blade contra-rotating propeller. By now, development of the Fury and Sea Fury was closely interlinked so that the next prototype to fly was a Sea Fury, SR661, described under "Naval version." NX802 (25 July 1945) was the last Fury prototype, powered by a Centaurus XV. LA610 was eventually fitted with a Napier Sabre VII, which was capable of developing 3,400 to 4,000 hp (2,535–2,983 kW); this aircraft became possibly the fastest reciprocating-engine Hawker aircraft after reaching a speed of around 485 mph (780 km/h).

Naval version

With the end of the Second World War in Europe in sight, the RAF began cancelling many aircraft orders; the RAF's order for the Fury was cancelled before any production aircraft were built because the RAF already had large numbers of late Mark Spitfires and Tempests and viewed the Fury as an unnecessary overlap with these aircraft. Although the RAF had pulled out of the programme, development of the type continued as the Sea Fury. Many of the Fleet Air Arm's carrier fighters were Seafires and Lend-Lease Corsairs. The Seafire had considerable drawbacks as a naval aircraft, notably the narrow undercarriage, while the Corsairs had to be returned or purchased. The Admiralty opted to procure the Sea Fury as the successor to these aircraft.

While the RAF contract had been cancelled, the Fury prototypes were completed and used for work in developing the Sea Fury as well as for the export market. The first Sea Fury prototype, SR661, first flew at Langley, Berkshire, on 21 February 1945, powered by a Centaurus XII engine. This prototype had a "stinger"-type tailhook for arrested carrier landings but lacked folding wings for storage. SR666, the second prototype, which flew on 12 October 1945, was powered by a Bristol Centaurus XV that turned a new, five-bladed Rotol propeller and had folding wings. Specification N.7/43 was modified to N.22/43, now representing an order for 200 aircraft. Of these, 100 were to be built at Boulton-Paul's Wolverhampton factory.

In 1945, the original order to specification N.22/43 was reduced to 100 aircraft; as a result, the manufacturing agreement with Boulton-Paul was ended and all work on the Sea Fury was transferred to Hawker Aircraft's facilities at Kingston. This included the construction of what was intended to be a Boulton-Paul built Sea Fury prototype, VB857, which was transported to Kingston in January 1945; this aircraft, built to the same standard as SR666, first flew on 31 January 1946. Immediately upon completion of the first three airframes, the flight testing programme began at Kingston. It was soon discovered that the early Centaurus engine suffered frequent crankshaft failure due to a poorly designed lubrication system, which led to incidents of the engine seizing while in mid-flight. The problem was resolved when Bristol's improved Centaurus 18 engine replaced the earlier engine variant.

Into production
The first production model, the Sea Fury F Mk X (later Sea Fury F.10), flew in September 1946. With the completion of flight testing at Boscombe Down in 1946, the trials process was repeated aboard the aircraft carrier . Carrier testing revealed directional stability issues related to rudder effectiveness during landing, and this was resolved by the adoption of a tailwheel lock, which also improved the wheel retraction behaviour. Several rectifying design changes were made by Hawker in response to feedback from the test pilots, including the adoption of a five-bladed Rotol propeller to greatly reduce overspeed tendencies; a re-designed rudder assembly, to increase rudder effectiveness; Dynafocal engine mountings to reduce vibration at low speeds, and an improved undercarriage with greater flexibility. These changes greatly improved the aircraft's deck landing characteristics. Arrestor hook trials initially revealed the Sea Fury to be prone to missing the wires; this was rapidly resolved by modifications to the hook dampener mechanism.

By March 1947 production Sea Furies were being produced for the Fleet Air Arm. The fourth and sixth production aircraft were used in further trials with HMS Illustrious; the main change from the earlier aircraft was the adoption of a longer, stiffer arrestor hook. Fifty Mk X Sea Furies were produced. These were identical to the SR666 prototype except for the Centaurus 18 engine and a four-bladed propeller. At least 20 of the 50 aircraft performed in the aircraft's intensive trials programme. Following the successful completion of weapons trials at the A&AEE Boscombe Down, the Sea Fury was cleared for operational use on 31 July 1947.

Hawker Aircraft continued to develop and refine the Sea Fury Mk X, resulting in the more capable Sea Fury Mk 11, also known as the Sea Fury FB.11. This upgraded model had several improvements, most notable being the hydraulically powered wing folding mechanism which eased flight deck operations and the adoption of new weapons for air-to-ground combat. Iraq ordered a two-seat Sea Fury model, and the British Admiralty followed suit. During testing, the rear canopy collapsed, leading to a redesign of the type's two-seat cockpit before entering service. Designated as the Sea Fury T.20, a total of 60 trainers were manufactured for the Fleet Air Arm between 1950 and 1952. The Royal Navy bought a total of 615 Sea Furies, mostly of the Mk 11 standard.

Export market
Hawker Aircraft was keen to market the Sea Fury to foreign operators, and conducted an intense sales drive for their export version of the aircraft, designated Sea Fury F.50. On 21 October 1946, the Royal Netherlands Navy placed an order for ten F.50 aircraft, which were basically identical to the FAA's Sea Fury Mk X aircraft, to equip the aircraft carrier HNLMS Karel Doorman (ex-). The Dutch also ordered twelve of the later Fury FB.50s in 1948 and these were delivered in 1950. They were used on the aircraft carrier HNLMS Karel Doorman (ex-). A manufacturing licence was also acquired for the production of twenty-five Sea Fury FB.51s by Fokker Aircraft in the Netherlands, which were delivered from 1951 onwards.

The Sea Fury became an export success, being purchased both to operate on aircraft carriers and for purely land-based roles by a number of nations, including Australia, West Germany, Iraq, Egypt, Burma, Pakistan and Cuba. Several of the nations that did not have active aircraft carriers often had the tail hooks and catapult hooks removed from their aircraft.

A final variant, the Sea Fury T.20S was developed by Hawker for West Germany as target tow aircraft; these remained in service into the 1970s. Upon the type's withdrawal from military service, many Sea Furies were sold to private individuals, often as racing aircraft due to their high speed. The final production figures for all marks reached around 860 aircraft.

Design

The Sea Fury is a navalised aircraft, capable of operating from the aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy. It was heavily based on preceding Hawker fighter aircraft, particularly the Tempest; features such as the semi-elliptical wing and fuselage were derived directly from the Tempest but featured significant refinements, including significant strengthening to withstand the stresses of carrier landings. While the Sea Fury was lighter and smaller than the Tempest, advanced aspects of the Sea Fury's design such as its Centaurus engine meant it was also considerably more powerful and faster, making it one of the fastest production reciprocating engine fighters ever produced; it was the final and fastest of Hawker's reciprocating engine aircraft.

The Sea Fury Mk X was capable of attaining a maximum speed of 460 mph and climb to a height of 20,000 feet in under five minutes. The Sea Fury was reportedly a highly aerobatic aircraft with favourable flying behaviour at all heights and speeds, although intentional spinning of the aircraft was banned during the type's military service. During flight displays, the Sea Fury could demonstrate its ability to perform rapid rolls at a rate of 100 degrees per second, attributed to the spring tab equipped ailerons. For extra thrust on takeoff Jet Assisted Take-Off (JATO) could be used.

The Sea Fury was powered by the newly developed Bristol Centaurus reciprocating engine, which drove a five-bladed propeller. Many of the engine's subsystems, such as the fully automated cooling system, cockpit gauges, and fuel booster pump were electrical, powered by an engine-driven generator supplemented by two independent batteries. The hydraulic system, necessary to operate the retractable undercarriage, tail hook, and flaps, was pressurised to 1,800 psi by an engine-driven pump. If this failed, a hand pump in the cockpit could also power these systems. A pneumatic pump was driven by the engine for the brakes. Internal fuel was stored in a total of five self-sealing fuel tanks, two within the fuselage directly in front of the cockpit and three housed within the wings.

Various avionics systems were used on Sea Furies; in this respect, it was unusually well equipped for an aircraft of the era. Many aircraft were equipped with onboard radar, often the ARI 5307 ZBX, which could be directly integrated with a four-channel VHF radio system. Several of the navigational aids, such as the altimeter and G2F compass, were also advanced; many of these subsystems were used on subsequent jet aircraft with little or no alteration. Other aspects of the Sea Fury, such as the majority of the flight controls, were conventional. Some controls were electrically powered, such as the weapons controls, onboard cameras, and the gyro gunsight.

Although the Sea Fury had been originally developed as a pure air superiority fighter, the Royal Navy viewed the solid construction and payload capabilities of the airframe as positive attributes for ground attack as well; accordingly, Hawker tested and cleared the type to use a wide range of armaments and support equipment. Each aircraft had four wing-mounted 20 mm Hispano V cannon, and could carry up to 16 rockets, or a combination of 500 lb or 1000 lb bombs. Other loads included 1000 lb incendiary bombs, mines, type 2 smoke floats or 90-gallon fuel tanks. For photo reconnaissance missions the Sea Fury could be fitted with both vertical and oblique cameras, with a dedicated control box in the cockpit. Other ancillary equipment included chaff to evade hostile attack using radar, and flares.

Operational history

United Kingdom

778 Naval Air Squadron was the first unit of the Fleet Air Arm to receive the Sea Fury, with deliveries commencing in February 1947 to the squadron's Intensive Flying Development Unit, while 787 Squadron, the Naval Air Fighting Development Squadron, received the Sea Fury in May that year. The first operational unit to be equipped with the Sea Fury was 803 Naval Air Squadron of the Royal Canadian Navy, which replaced Seafires with Sea Furies in August 1947, with 807 Naval Air Squadron was the first operational Royal Navy Sea Fury squadron when it received the aircraft in September that year. The Seafire was ill-suited to carrier use, as the pilot's poor view of the deck and the aircraft's narrow undercarriage made both landings and takeoffs difficult. Consequently, the Sea Fury F Mk X replaced the Seafire on most carriers. For some years the Sea Fury and Seafire operated alongside each other, with the shorter-range Seafire operating as a fleet defence fighter while the Sea Fury was employed as a longer-range fighter-bomber.

Sea Furies were issued to Nos. 736, 738, 759 and 778 Squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm. The F Mk X was followed by the Sea Fury FB.11 fighter-bomber variant, which eventually reached a production total of 650 aircraft. The Sea Fury remained the Fleet Air Arm's primary fighter-bomber until 1953, at which point jet-powered aircraft, such as the Hawker Sea Hawk and Supermarine Attacker, were introduced to operational service.

The Sea Fury FB.11 entered service with the fighter squadrons of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) in August 1951. The RNVR units also operated the Sea Fury T.20 two-seat trainer version from late 1950 to give reserve pilots experience on the type before relinquishing their Supermarine Seafire aircraft. RNVR units that were equipped with the Sea Fury were Nos. 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835 and 1836 Squadrons. No. 1832, based at RAF Benson, was the last RNVR squadron to relinquish the type in August 1955 for the jet-powered Supermarine Attacker.

Korean War
Following the outbreak of the Korean War on 25 June 1950, Sea Furies were dispatched to the region as a part of the British Commonwealth Forces Korea, Britain's contribution to the United Nations multinational task force to assist South Korea following an invasion by North Korea. Sea Furies were flown throughout the conflict, primarily as ground-attack aircraft, from the Royal Navy light fleet carriers , , , and the Australian carrier . After a Fleet Air Arm Seafire was shot down by a United States Air Force Boeing B-29 Superfortress on 28 July 1950, all Commonwealth aircraft were painted with black and white invasion stripes.

The first Sea Furies arrived with 807 Naval Air Squadron embarked on Theseus, which relieved  in October 1950. Operations on Theseus were intense, and the Sea Furies of 807 Squadron flew a total of 264 combat sorties in October. During a brief rest period at the Japanese port of Iwakuni the catapult was found to be excessively worn, necessitating the launch of Sea Furies with RATOG assistance until it was repaired. In December 1950, Sea Furies conducted several strikes on bridges, airfields, and railways to disrupt North Korean logistics, flying a further 332 sorties without incurring any losses. At this early point in the war little aerial resistance was encountered  and the biggest threats were ground-based anti-aircraft fire or technical problems.

In addition to their ground attack role, Sea Furies also performed air patrols. In this role, a total of 3,900 interceptions were carried out, although none of the intercepted aircraft turned out to be hostile. During the winter period, the Sea Furies were often called upon as spotter aircraft for UN artillery around Inchon, Wonsan, and Songiin. In April 1951, 804 Naval Air Squadron operating off Glory, replaced 807 Squadron, which in turn was replaced by Sydney in September 1951 with 805 and 808 Squadron RAN. The Australian carrier air group flew 2,366 combat sorties. In January 1952, Glory with 804 NAS returned to relieve Sydney following a refit in Australia. For the rest of the war Glory and Ocean relieved each other on duty.

In 1952, the first Chinese MiG-15 jet fighters appeared. On 8 August 1952, Lieutenant Peter "Hoagy" Carmichael, of 802 Squadron, flying Sea Fury WJ232 from HMS Ocean, was credited with shooting down a MiG-15, marking him as one of only a few pilots of a propeller-driven aircraft to shoot down a jet during the Korean War. The engagement occurred when Sea Furies and Fireflies were bounced by eight MiG-15s, during which one Firefly was badly damaged while the Sea Furies escaped unharmed. Some sources claim that this is the only successful engagement by a British pilot in a British aircraft during the Korean War, although a few sources claim a second MiG was downed or damaged in the same action. The Royal Navy credited the kill to Lieutenant Peter "Hoagy" Carmichael although Carmichael always credited it to the whole flight. One of the other pilots in the flight Sub Lieutenant Brian 'Smoo' Ellis has since claimed the kill for himself. He claims that he observed hitting the MiG-15 when it overshot his aircraft with its air brakes deployed. On the return journey to HMS Ocean, he states that Carmichael fired his guns at a sandbank on the coast which the squadron often used for practice or testing their cannons. On landing back at the carrier, he was surprised to find that the kill was awarded to Carmichael. After checking with the armaments officer, it was found that Ellis had used the entirety of his ammunition during the engagement, while Carmichael on the other hand still had 90% of his ammunition left. Because Carmichael fired at the sandbank on their return journey, this brings serious doubts over the claim that he shot down the MiG-15. This version of events was verified by historian Paul Beaver, who in 1978 interviewed all those involved including the four FAA Sea Fury pilots, as well as the armaments officer and air engineering officer.

Australia

Australia was one of three Commonwealth nations to operate the Sea Fury, with the others being Canada and Pakistan. The type was operated by two frontline squadrons of the Royal Australian Navy, 805 Squadron and 808 Squadron; a third squadron that flew the Sea Fury, 850 Squadron, was also briefly active. Two Australian aircraft carriers, HMAS Sydney and HMAS Vengeance, employed Sea Furies in their air wings. The Sea Fury was used by Australia during the Korean War, flying from carriers based along the Korean coast in support of friendly ground forces. The Sea Fury was operated by Australian forces between 1948 and 1962.

Burma
Between 1957 and 1958, Burma received 21 Sea Furies, the majority of them being ex-FAA aircraft. The Sea Fury was frequently employed as a counter-insurgency platform in Burmese service and on 15 February 1961, a Republic of China Air Force Consolidated PB4Y Privateer was intercepted and shot down by a Sea Fury near the Thai-Burmese border. Of the aircraft's crew, five were killed and two were captured. The aircraft had been on a supply run to Chinese Kuomintang forces fighting in northern Burma. It is believed that the Burmese Sea Furies were retired in 1968, and replaced by armed Lockheed T-33 Shooting Stars.

Canada

The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) became a significant customer of the Sea Fury, and many of its aircraft were diverted from existing Royal Navy contracts. On 23 June 1948, the first aircraft was accepted at RCAF Rockcliffe. The type was quickly put to use replacing Canada's existing inventory of Seafires, taking on the primary role of fleet air defence operating from the aircraft carrier . Two Canadian squadrons operated the Sea Fury, Nos. 803 and 883 Squadrons, which were later renumbered as 870 and 871. Pilot training on the Sea Fury was normally conducted at the RCN's HMCS Shearwater land base. Landing difficulties with the Sea Fury were experienced following the RCN's decision to convert to the U.S. Navy's deck landing procedures, which were prone to overstressing and damaging the airframes, as the Sea Fury had been designed for a tail-down landing attitude. The Sea Fury would be operated between 1948 and 1956 by the RCN, whereupon they were replaced by the jet-powered McDonnell F2H Banshee. The retired aircraft were put into storage, and some were subsequently purchased by civilians.

Cuba

In 1958 during the Cuban Revolution, the Fuerza Aérea del Ejercito de Cuba (FAEC) purchased a total of 17 refurbished (ex-Fleet Air Arm) Sea Furies from Hawker, comprising fifteen FB.11s and two T.20 trainers. The aircraft were briefly flown by FAEC prior to the ousting of President Fulgencio Batista and the assumption of power by Fidel Castro. Following the change in government, the Sea Furies were retained by the Fuerza Aérea Revolucionaria ("Revolutionary Air Force"; FAR); these aircraft proved difficult to keep operational, partially because the new military lacked personnel experienced with the type.

In April 1961, during the Bay of Pigs Invasion, air support for the Cuban exiles' Brigade 2506 was provided by ex-USAF, CIA-operated Douglas B-26B Invaders; United States President John F. Kennedy had decided against involving U.S. Navy aircraft. The only FAR fighter aircraft to see combat were three Sea Furies and five Lockheed T-33 armed jet trainers belonging to the Escuadrón Persecución y Combate ("Pursuit & Combat Squadron"), based at the San Antonio de los Baños and Antonio Maceo air bases.  In pre-emptive attacks on 15 April, two Sea Furies were destroyed on the ground, one at Ciudad Libertad and one in a hangar near Moa. During the ensuing aerial combat, a single airborne Sea Fury was lost during the Invasion.

In the early hours of 17 April, Brigade 2506 began to land at Playa Girón. Around 06:30, a FAR formation composed of three Sea Furies, one B-26 and two T-33s started attacking the exiles' ships. At about 06:50,  south of Playa Larga, the transport ship Houston was damaged by rockets and cannons from FAR aircraft, including Sea Furies piloted by Major Enrique Carreras Rojas and Captain Gustavo Bourzac; Houston caught fire and was abandoned.
While attempting to land at an airbase, Carreras Rojas's Sea Fury was attacked and damaged by a CIA B-26; he was able to abort his approach and escape. Carreras Rojas later shot down another B-26. While attempting to shoot down a Curtiss C-46 transport aircraft, Nicaraguan-born pilot Carlos Ulloa crashed in the Bay of Pigs around 08:30, either due to an engine stall or being hit by anti-aircraft fire. Around 09:30, multiple FAR aircraft destroyed an ammunition ship, Rio Escondido. A Sea Fury piloted by Lieutenant Douglas Rudd also destroyed a B-26.

Iraq

Iraq bought its first 30 Fury F.1 fighters and two Fury T.52 trainers in 1946. These aircraft were operated by Nos. 1 and 7 Squadrons. Iraqi Furies did not take part in the first weeks of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. However, after newly-received Israeli Boeing B-17s started bombing Arab cities, the governments of Syria and Transjordan demanded that the Iraqis deploy their Furies. Hence, six aircraft from No.7 Squadron were transferred to Damascus in late July 1948; one of them crashed on landing on its arrival. Another one followed in September, with its pilot being injured. The Iraqi Furies didn't see much action during that war, because of the limited amount of ammunition supplied by the British. Only armed reconnaissance missions were flown, and no air combats with Israeli aircraft were reported.

An additional 20 Fury F.1s were acquired in 1951, which enabled No. 4 Squadron to start operating the type. Iraqi Furies saw action during the numerous Kurdish uprisings in the north of the country, throughout the 1960s. They notably performed close air support missions, as well as attacks on villages, rebel-controlled roadblocks, and troop concentrations. They were ultimately replaced by Sukhoi Su-7s, between 1967 and 1969.

Netherlands
The Netherlands was the first export customer for the Sea Fury, and the Netherlands Royal Navy operated the aircraft from two of their aircraft carriers, both of which were named HNLMS Karel Doorman as they were operated at separate periods from one another. It was common for Royal Netherlands Navy vessels to operate alongside Royal Navy ships, thus Dutch Sea Furies also regularly operated from FAA land bases and RN carriers. During 1947, Dutch Sea Furies operating from HNLMS Karel Doorman were employed in a ground support capacity against insurgent fighters in the Dutch East Indies. The Dutch procured and licence-built additional Sea Furies for carrier operations, although the type was ultimately replaced by the jet-powered Hawker Sea Hawk from the late 1950s onwards.

Pakistan

One of the largest export customers for the type was Pakistan. In 1949, an initial order for 50 Sea Fury FB.60 aircraft for the Pakistan Air Force was placed. A total of 87 new-build Sea Furies were purchased and delivered between 1950 and 1952; some ex-FAA and Iraqi Sea Furies were also subsequently purchased. The aircraft was operated by three frontline squadrons, No.5, No.9 and No.14 Squadron. The Sea Fury began to be replaced by the jet-powered North American F-86 Sabre in 1955, and the last Sea Furies in Pakistani service were ultimately retired in 1960.

Variants

Fury Prototypes
 LA610 Originally ordered as a Hawker Tempest III, it was completed as a Fury prototype and first flew on 27 November 1944.
 NX798 One of two Fury prototypes to specification F.2/43, the first to fly on 1 September 1944.
 NX802 One of two Fury prototypes to specification F.2/43.
Sea Fury prototypes
 SR661 A semi-navalised Fury prototype to Specification N.22/43, first flew on 21 February 1945 with a Centarus XII engine (later changed to a Centarus XVIII) and Rotol four-bladed propeller, did not have folding wings.
 SR666 A fully navalised Fury prototype to Specification N.22/43, first flew on 12 October 1945 with a Centarus XV engine and a Rotol five-bladed propeller.
 VB857 Sea Fury X prototype built by Boulton-Paul and first flew on 31 January 1946 with a Centarus XVI, later used as a FB11 prototype with a Centarus XVIII engine.
Sea Fury T.20 prototype
 VX818 Prototype two-seat training variant to Specification N.19/47, originally ordered by Iraq it first flew on 15 January 1948.
Fury
RAF order for 200 aircraft placed on 28 April 1944; order cancelled.
Sea Fury F.10
Single-seat fighter version for the Royal Navy, 50 built by Hawker, an order for a further 300 placed at the same time to be built by Boulton Paul was cancelled. First production aircraft flew on 15 August 1946.
Sea Fury FB.11
Single-seat fighter-bomber for the Royal Navy, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Canadian Navy and Royal Netherlands Navy, 615 built, including 31 for the RAN and 53 for the RCN.
Sea Fury T.20
Two-seat training version for the Royal Navy, 61 built.  Ten of these were later converted to target tugs (designated T.20S) for West Germany, operated by the civilian company Deutscher Luftfahrt-Beratungsdienst (DLB).
Sea Fury F.50
Single-seat fighter version for the Royal Netherlands Navy, 10 built.
Sea Fury FB.51
Single-seat fighter-bomber version for the Royal Netherlands Navy, 25 built.
Fury FB.60
Single-seat fighter-bomber version for the Pakistan Air Force and the Royal Netherlands Navy, 93 built for Pakistan and 12 for the Netherlands.
Fury T.61
Two-seat training version for the Pakistan Air Force, five built.
Fury I
Single-seat land-based fighter version for the Iraqi Air Force. Unofficially known as the "Baghdad Furies", 55 built.
Fury Trainer
Two-seat training version for the Iraqi Air Force, five built.

Operators

Surviving aircraft

As production continued well after the end of the Second World War and aircraft remained in Royal Navy service until 1955, dozens of airframes have survived in varying conditions. Sea Furies were overhauled by Hawker Aircraft at their factory at Blackpool during 1959 and supplied to civil companies in Germany, equipped with target-towing gear for Luftwaffe contract flying. Some of these aircraft survive.

In the late 1970s David Tallichet and Ed Jurist secured the purchase of 24 Furies from the Iraq, also with some tons of spare parts. These were transported to Florida for restoration, and are now owned and operated internationally by collectors.

Around a dozen heavily modified Sea Furies are raced regularly at the Reno Air Races . Most of these examples were modified to replace the original sleeve valve Centaurus radial with the Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major or the Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone radial engine. These include Dreadnought and Furias, which have had Wasp Major engines installed.

Ex-Iraqi Fury 326 (C/N 41H/643827) restored in New Zealand in the 1980s was painted as WJ232, the aircraft 'Hoagy' Carmichael flew during the 9 August 1952 action which resulted in him being credited with the destruction of a MiG-15 jet fighter. The aircraft was sold in Australia in its Royal Navy markings, with civil registration VH-SHF. The original WJ232 was sold by the Royal Navy back to Hawker, refurbished and delivered to Burma as UB467 in 1958.

Many additional airframes remain as static displays in museums worldwide. April 1, 1957 saw Lieutenant Commander Derek Prout deliver an RCN Hawker Sea Fury WG-565 to Calgary for use as a ground instruction airframe at the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology.   F/O Lynn Garrison flew the aircraft making the last official Canadian military flight of the type. Prout would lose his life in the crash of an F2H-3 Banshee at RCN Shearwater, Nova Scotia May 31, 1957.  An airframe is on display outside the Granma Memorial, as part of the Museum of the Revolution in Havana. A second airframe forms an outside part of the Museo Giron in Playa Girón.

During the 1989 Prestwick (Glasgow) Air Show, a Sea Fury had to be ditched in the sea as the port landing gear was stuck. The pilot parachuted to safety.

On 31 July 2014 a Hawker Sea Fury T.20 (VX281) owned by Royal Navy Historic Flight made a controlled crash landing at the RNAS Culdrose Air Day. During the display, smoke was seen coming from the plane's engine. During an approach for an emergency landing, the undercarriage extended but failed to lock, leading to a belly landing. Lt Cdr Chris Gotke, 44, the pilot, suffered no injuries and was later awarded the Air Force Cross for his decision to continue to fly the aircraft to safety rather than parachute out and abandon it; he later stated that "The safety of the crowd was never a factor because the aircraft was fully controllable." This aircraft returned to the air in September 2017 following repairs. On 28 April 2021 it crashed again near RNAS Yeovilton following an engine problem. After the aircraft's insurer declared it a write-off, the owners announced plans to sell the wrecked plane in hopes that some other party would restore it again.

Since the type's retirement, several Sea Furies have been operated by the Royal Navy Historic Flight; between 1989 and 1990 two of the flight's Sea Furies were lost in separate incidents.

A two-seat Sea Fury was used in the making of the 2022 film Devotion to allow actors to simulate piloting an F8F Bearcat. The Sea Fury's rear seat was modified to resemble a Bearcat cockpit and visible portions of the airframe were painted like a VF-32 Bearcat.

Aircraft on display

 Sea Fury FB.11 WJ231 (RN): Fleet Air Arm Museum, United Kingdom
 Sea Fury FB.11, serial number TG119 (RCN): Canadian Aviation and Space Museum, Ottawa, Canada
 Sea Fury FB.11, serial number VW232 (marked as VX730): Australian War Memorial, Canberra, Australia
 Sea Fury FB.11: Fleet Air Arm Museum, Australia
 Fury Mk 10 Magnificent Obsession (marked as RAN 253 K): War Eagles Air Museum, Santa Teresa, New Mexico, United States
 Sea Fury FB.51 6-43, c/n 6310: Nationaal Militair Museum, Soesterberg, The Netherlands.
 Sea Fury FB.11 542: Museo de la Revolución, Havana, Cuba.
 Sea Fury FB.11 541: Museo Girón, Playa Girón, Cuba.

Specifications (FB.11)

See also

References

Footnotes

Notes

Bibliography
 Bradley, Paul. The Hawker Sea Fury — Royal Navy and Export Versions. London, UK. SAM Publications, 2016. .
 Bridgman, Leonard, ed. "The Hawker Fury and Sea Fury". Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. New York: CrescentBooks, 1998. .
 Brown, Captain Eric. "Finale Furioso ... The Era-Ending Sea Fury". Air International, Vol. 18, No. 2, February 1980, pp. 82–86, pp. 94–98. .
 Buttler, Tony. "The RAF Have No Fury ..." Air Enthusiast, No. 86, March/April 2000, pp. 46–53. .
 Darling, Kev. Hawker Sea Fury (Warbird Tech Vol. 37). North Branch, Minnesota: Voyageur Press, 2002. .

 Ferrer, Edward B. Operation Puma: The Air Battle of the Bay of Pigs. Atlanta: Georgia: International Aviation Consultants, 1982 (English edition), First edition 1975 (Spanish). .
 Geldhof, Nico and Luuk Boerman. Hawker Sea Fury: History, Camouflage and Markings – Hawker Sea Fury F.(B)Mk.50/60/51 Koninklijke Marine Luchtvaartdienst/Royal Netherlands Naval Air Services (Dutch Profile 3) (bilingual Dutch/English). Zwammerdam, the Netherlands: Dutch Decal, 2005. No ISBN.
 "Goodly Heritage". Flight International, 10 October 1946. pp. 392–394.
 Goulding, John. Interceptor: R.A.F. Single-seat Multi-gunfighters. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan, 1986. .
 Hobbs, David. "Korean Warrior – FAA in Korea". Aircraft (Ian Allan Publishing), October 2011. .
 Mackay, Ron. Hawker Sea Fury in action. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1991. .
 Mason, Francis K. Hawker Aircraft Since 1920 (3rd revised edition). London, UK: Putnam, 1991. .
 Meekcoms, K J and E.B. Morgan. The British Aircraft Specification File. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain Historians Ltd., 1994. .
 Robertson, Bruce. British Military Aircraft serials 1878–1987. Leicester, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1987. .
 Sea Fury at War DVD (IWM Footage). Retrieved: 3 April 2008.

 Sturtivant, Ray. Fleet Air Arm Fixed-Wing Aircraft since 1946. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain, 2004,
 Sturtivant, Ray and Theo Ballance. The Squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians), 1994. .
 Thetford, Owen. British Naval Aircraft since 1912. London: Putnam, 1977. .
 Thomas, Graham. Furies and Fireflies over Korea: The Story of the Men and Machines of the Fleet Air Arm, RAF and Commonwealth Who Defended South Korea 1950–1953. London: Grub Street, 2004. .
 Wheeler, Barry C. The Hamlyn Guide to Military Aircraft Markings. London: Chancellor Press, 1992. .
 Williams, Ray. "Sea Fury—Part Two". Aeroplane Monthly, Vol. 14, No. 1, January 1986. pp. 30–35. .
 Wilson, Stewart. Sea Fury, Firefly and Sea Venom in Australian Service. Weston Creek, ACT, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd., 1993, pp. 23–36. .

External links

 Manual: (1950) A.P. 4018A&B-P.N. Pilot's Notes for Sea Fury 10 & 11
 Sound of the Hawker Sea Fury
 .
 Hawker Sea Fury profile, walkaround video, technical details and photos
 Warbird Alley – Sea Fury
 Hawker Fury and Sea Fury: The pinnacle of Hawker's piston-engine fighter development
 List of aircraft at warbirdregistry.org

1940s British fighter aircraft
1950s British fighter aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
Sea Fury
Racing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1944
Single-engined tractor aircraft

Hawker Sea Fury


Min Svigerinde fra Amerika er en stumfilm fra 1917 instrueret af Lau Lauritzen Sr. efter manuskript af Valdemar Hansen.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1917

Min Svigerinde fra Amerika


Clover Margaret Moore  (née Collins, born 22 October 1945) is an Australian politician. She has been the Lord Mayor of the City of Sydney since 2004 and is currently the longest serving Lord Mayor of Sydney since the creation of the City of Sydney in 1842. She was an independent member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1988 to 2012, representing the electorates of Bligh (1988–2007) and Sydney (2007–2012). Her "recurrent motif" is described as "making Sydney more liveable for individuals and families". Moore is the first popularly elected female Lord Mayor of Sydney.

Early life and background
Clover Margaret Collins was born in 1945 and grew up in the suburb of Gordon, on Sydney's North Shore, one of three daughters of Kathleen and Francis Collins. She attended Loreto Kirribilli at Kirribilli and Elm Court Dominican Convent, Moss Vale. Moore matriculated to the University of Sydney, and obtained a Bachelor of Arts in 1969 and a Diploma of Education from the Sydney Teachers' College, while residing at Sancta Sophia College. After graduation she began work as an English and History teacher at St Ives High School and Fort Street High School, before moving to London to teach for several years. Moore married Peter Moore, an architect, in 1972 and they had two children, Sophie and Tom. They returned to Australia five years later and settled in the inner-city suburb of Redfern. As a young mother in the Labor Party-dominated South Sydney Municipal Council, Moore became involved in a local resident action group and decided to run for Council in 1980 when she and other members of the group met, after three years of attempts, with then-mayor, Bill Hartup regarding a local park which Hartup had demanded to have its grass replaced with asphalt (to aid street-sweepers in seeing broken glass), surrounded by barbed wire (to keep out the drunks at night), and to have its lone tree removed (a nuisance).

Moore was elected as an Independent Alderman for the Redfern Ward of the South Sydney Municipal Council at the 20 September 1980 election. Moore was one of three independents elected to the Council that formed a de facto opposition to the 9-member Labor caucus and Mayor Hartup who controlled the council and generally made most decisions in closed caucus meetings prior to Council meetings. However, in December 1981, the New South Wales Government amalgamated the South Sydney Council with the City of Sydney, and Moore became a Redfern Ward Alderman of the newly formed Sydney City Council from 1 January 1982. Moore developed a visible profile in the community, campaigning on a variety of issues both in her position as alderman and in the broader community, particularly in her home suburb of Redfern. Moore was interested in the environment, conservation, and heritage preservation, being involved in the unsuccessful campaign to save the 1936 Rural Bank Building in Martin Place and describing the ALP Lord Mayor, Doug Sutherland, as the "Judas of Martin Place" for his role in approving its demolition in 1982.

Moore ran again for re-election to the three-member Redfern Ward in the 14 April 1984 Council Election, and was highly successful, taking first position, outpolling Bill Hartup with a 21% swing against the ALP, and enabling the election of the second candidate on her independent ticket, Sue Willis, ahead of the sitting Labor Alderman Stan Champley. In May 1984, Moore ran for the position of Deputy Lord Mayor after the election, but was defeated by the main right-wing Labor candidate, Stan Ashmore-Smith, when the two Independent Communist Aldermen (Jack Mundey and Brian McGahen) sided with the Labor caucus in the vote. Moore proved a high profile campaigner on heritage preservation and environment conservation, gaining the ire of the Miscellaneous Workers' Union when she confronted a Council worker who was undertaking unsympathetic pruning to trees on a street in Redfern exclaiming "its hard enough for trees to survive city pollution without their being massacred by untrained workmen sent to prune them", and denouncing the Sydney Cricket Ground Trust as "architectural barbarians, insensitive to the traditions of the ground" for approving the demolition of the historic 1909 Sheridan Stand of the Sydney Cricket Ground, which was nonetheless razed in 1986.

In late 1986, Moore started her campaign to become the city's first female Lord Mayor and defeat incumbent Doug Sutherland, declaring "I think everyone would agree it is time for a breath of fresh air and a Lord Mayor committed enough to stay in Sydney to do the job" in a criticism of Sutherland's frequent international trips. However, in March 1987 the state government abruptly sacked the Sydney City Council and appointed a board of commissioners to run it until new elections could be held. Having been unceremoniously dismissed from her elected office, Moore, along with five other fellow former independent aldermen Frank Sartor, Bill Hunt, Brian McGahen, Sue Willis and Jack Mundey, formed 'Independent Watch', an informal grouping with the purpose of scrutinising the decisions of the appointed commissioners and pressing for elections for a new council.

Member of Parliament

Instead of standing again for council, Moore decided to run for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as an independent at the 1988 election, like her previous rival for the Lord Mayor position and fellow former independent alderman, Frank Sartor, who had decided to run as an independent in the inner Sydney seat of McKell. Despite not having the backing of a party, she won the seat of Bligh, narrowly defeating Liberal member Michael Yabsley.

In 1991, she co-authored the New South Wales Charter of Reform of Government. In the same year, she was re-elected for a second term with a massive swing in her favour, increasing her share from 26.7 per cent to 43 per cent. Her power also increased dramatically when, along with fellow independents Peter Macdonald and Tony Windsor, she gained the balance of power in the Legislative Assembly. Moore was to again take the spotlight when the Independent Commission Against Corruption handed down a finding that was sharply critical of Liberal Premier Nick Greiner on 1 June 1992. While the findings were still pending a ruling in the NSW Court of Appeals, Moore and two other Independent MPs made a symbolic march to the NSW Parliament with a threat to withdraw their support of the coalition's minority-government. Hence before the Court ruling was handed down, Greiner's hand was forced, and he resigned on 24 June 1992.

She went on to hold her seat with a largely safe margin at the 1995 and 1999 elections. The LGBT community thanked her for her support by featuring likenesses of her in the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras parade that year. She was re-elected again in 2003.

Prior to the 2007 election, the Electoral Commission redistributed electoral boundaries, renaming Bligh to "Sydney", and moving the seat north and west to encompass the Sydney CBD. Moore was elected to the new seat of Sydney with an increased margin.

Although she sat as an independent in parliament, Moore often worked with other minor parties and independents, particularly with the Australian Democrats, who sponsored some of her bills in the upper house and Moore encouraged voters at the 2011 state election to vote for the Democrats in the upper house, along with South Coast Independent MP, John Hatton.

Moore resigned as a state MP as a result of new state laws (labelled in the media as the "Get Clover" laws) preventing dual membership of state parliament and local councils. Following her re-election as mayor in the 2012 elections, she was forced to resign the state seat she held for 24 years before the first meeting of the new council. This resulted in a 2012 Sydney by-election on 27 October in which she endorsed independent candidate Alex Greenwich of the Australian Marriage Equality advocacy group who won in a landslide victory. On her departure, former city councillor Elizabeth Farrelly opined: "In her 20 years as MP, with more successful private member's bills than anyone in a century, Moore has done more to keep the bastards honest than Don Chipp ever did. And in her eight years as lord mayor, she has proved repeatedly that it's more confluence than conflict."

Lord Mayor of Sydney

In early 2004, the Labor Party government under Bob Carr sacked and re-amalgamated the City of Sydney and South Sydney Councils. The move came largely as a surprise, with then-Lord Mayor Lucy Turnbull being notified by a fax posted under her door. The decision to amalgamate the two councils was widely interpreted by the media as an attempt to get the Labor candidate, former federal minister Michael Lee, elected as Lord Mayor, as it would bring a large area of largely Labor-voting suburbs into the City of Sydney. However, several of these suburbs also made up Moore's state electorate of Bligh.

When Turnbull announced soon after that she would not seek re-election, Lee appeared to have the position won. Then, on 24 February, Moore entered the race, labelling the council's sacking a "cynical grab for power." Despite her ideological differences with Turnbull, she also sharply denounced the sacking of a democratically elected mayor. By the following day, The Sydney Morning Herald was already predicting that she would present a serious challenge to Lee.

Despite a spirited challenge from Lee, Moore won the election, finishing with more than double the vote of Lee as her nearest rival, and ABC election analyst Antony Green announced that she would "romp through" to win, only 90 minutes after counting began.

Though she had made a point of not directing voting preferences in her four election campaigns in the Legislative Assembly, Moore decided to support a team of independents for the council race. This turned out to be quite successful, with four of her team of six – John McInerney, Robyn Kemmis, Marcelle Hoff and Phillip Black – being elected to council.

In 2008 NSW local government elections Moore was re-elected as Lord Mayor of Sydney. She was returned on a reduced majority in 2012, winning 51.1% of the Mayoral vote. In the 2016 NSW local government elections she was comfortably returned to office, improving her vote 8.0% to win 59.1% of the popular vote.

After introducing bike lanes through many parts of inner Sydney, Moore broke an ankle on Ride to Work Day in October 2010, while dismounting from her bike, necessitating that she attend some events in a wheelchair.

Energy efficiency
Under Moore's leadership, the city of Sydney is aiming to reduce carbon emissions 70 per cent by 2030. It has installed bicycle lanes; upgraded its car fleet to hybrids; planted 10,000 trees; provided 600 on-street car-share spaces; installed Sydney's largest building-based solar photovoltaic system; installed water harvesting in 11 major parks and voted to install two new trigeneration plants.

Moore stated in an article on Impakter.com in September 2018 that emissions in Sydney have been reduced by 52% and the use of water by 36% since the year 2006 and that the city aims to become carbon neutral.

Building and infrastructure
Since becoming Mayor, Moore has been able to bring to completion the construction of several buildings and pieces of infrastructure.
 Ian Thorpe Aquatic Centre (formerly "Ultimo Aquatic Centre") by Harry Seidler
 Surry Hills City of Sydney Library by FJMT (Francis-Jones Morehen Thorpe)
 Paddington Reservoir Gardens by TZG (Tonkin Zulaikha Greer)
 Redfern Park by BVN (Bligh Voller Nield)
 Reg Bartley Oval grandstand and kiosk, Rushcutters Bay, by Lacoste+Stevenson
 Pirrama Park in Pyrmont by Aspect Studios Landscape Architecture, Hill Thalis Architecture + Urban Projects and CAB Consulting.
 Prince Alfred Park makeover near Central railway station by Rachel Neeson and Nick Murcutt.
 Burton Street Tabernacle (to become the new Tabernacle Theatre)
There are also:
 Parks throughout Glebe, Pyrmont, Surry Hills, Rosebery, Elizabeth Bay and St Peters
 The introduction of a system of cycleways for Sydney, an idea at first criticised and then embraced. The state government tore up one cycleway, subsequently reinstated, and is co-funding another down Oxford Street, noting that cycling increased with the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Controversies
On 27 October 2007, Moore proposed a Private Members Bill that would ban the sale of dogs, cats and other mammals in NSW pet stores, and effectively ban the breeding of crossbred dogs.  The Pet Industry Association responded with a petition opposing the legislation. The RSPCA Australia has given its support to the measure, although it was rejected by NSW purebred dog breeders.

Bike lanes constructed through Sydney angered many local residents for reducing parking and critics attacked the cost while other groups, including local headmasters and school groups, applauded them. The Bourke Street Cycleway won a Sydney Design Award in 2012.

The "City of Sydney Amendment (Elections) Bill" became law in September 2014, replacing one optional vote per business with two compulsory votes and it has been described as one of "two statutes designed to bar her from public life".

Between 2014 and 2017 'Cloud Arch', a steel sculpture intended to be installed over George Street in Sydney, had its budget rise from  to 11.3 million dollars. It has been criticised for both the rise in cost, after a re-design, and for not being suited to the city's aesthetic.

Honours
Moore was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2023 King's Birthday Honours for "distinguished service to local government, to the people and Parliament of New South Wales, and to the community of Sydney".

References

External links

 Official site

1945 births
Living people
University of Sydney alumni
Australian schoolteachers
Australian people of Irish descent
Independent politicians in Australia
Independent members of the Parliament of New South Wales
Mayors and Lord Mayors of Sydney
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Women mayors of places in New South Wales
21st-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian women politicians
Women members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Officers of the Order of Australia
Politicians from Sydney

Clover Moore


Tristan Garcia (* 5. April 1981 in Toulouse, Frankreich) ist ein französischer Autor und Philosoph.

Leben
Garcia ist der Sohn eines Lehrerehepaars. Er schloss die École normale supérieure ab und ist Doktor der Philosophie. Obwohl er ein Liebhaber von Filmen und Fernsehserien ist, hat er zweimal die Aufnahmeprüfungen für die Filmhochschule Fémis in Paris nicht schaffen können.

Garcias erster Roman La meilleure part des hommes wurde von fünf Verlagen abgelehnt und erst 2008 in Frankreich veröffentlicht. Die deutsche Übersetzung (Titel: Der beste Teil der Menschen) erschien 2010. Für seinen Roman 7 erhielt er 2016 den 'Prix du Livre Inter'.
Sein von der Kritik gefeierter philosophischer Essay Das intensive Leben stand auf der Shortlist des Prix Femina 2016 für den besten Essay.

Garcia lehrt heute als Maître de conférences an der Universität Lyon III Philosophie.

Ehrungen und Auszeichnungen
 2008: Prix de Flore für La meilleure part des hommes
 2009: Prix François-Victor Noury des Institut de France
 2012: Grand Prix de littérature sportive für En l'absence de classement final
 2012: Prix de la Biennale du livre d'histoire à Pontivy für Mémoires de la jungle
 2013: Schriftsteller des Jahres von GQ für Faber, le destructeur
 2015: Prix du Lundi für den Roman 7
 2016: Prix du Livre Inter für den Roman 7

Veröffentlichungen
 Arts anciens, arts nouveaux. Les formes de nos représentations de l'invention de la photographie à aujourd'hui. Doktorarbeit.
 L'Image. Éditions Atlande, Paris 2007.
 La meilleure part des hommes. Éditions Gallimard (collection Blanche), Paris 2008, ISBN 978-2-07-012064-2.
 Der beste Teil der Menschen. Roman. Übers. von Michael Kleeberg. Frankfurter Verlagsanstalt, 2010, ISBN 978-3-627-00170-4.
 Mémoires de la jungle. Éditions Gallimard (collection Blanche), Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-07-012914-0.
 Nous, Animaux et Humains. Actualité de Jeremy Bentham. Bourin Éditeur, Paris 2011, ISBN 978-2-84941-224-4.
 Forme et objet. Un traité des choses. Presses Universitaires des France, Paris 2011, ISBN 978-2-13-057968-7.
 En l'absence de classement final. Gallimard (collection Blanche), Paris 2012, ISBN 978-2-07-013747-3.
 Faber: Le destructeur. Gallimard, 2015.
 Faber. Der Zerstörer. Übers. von Birgit Leib. Wagenbach, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-8031-3288-8.
 7. Gallimard (collection Blanche), Paris 2015, ISBN 978-2-07-014988-9.
 La Vie intense. Une obsession moderne. Autrement, Paris 2016, ISBN 978-2-7467-4315-1.
 Das intensive Leben. Eine moderne Obsession. Übers. von Ulrich Kunzmann. Suhrkamp, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-518-58700-3.
 Nous. Grasset, Paris 2017.
 Wir. Übers. von Ulrich Kunzmann. Suhrkamp, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-518-58724-9.
 Mager. (deutsch). In: Annette Wassermann (Hrsg.): L' amour toujours - toujours l'amour? Junge französische Liebesgeschichten. Wagenbach, Berlin 2017.

Weblinks
 Besprechung des Buchs Forme et objet (fr.)
 Roger-Pol Droit: Sur la ligne de crête avec Tristan Garcia. In: Le Monde. 2016. (lemonde.fr)
 Clemens Pornschlegel: Ist er der Denker der Stunde?. Kritische Besprechung von "Das intensive Leben – Eine moderne Obsession". In: FAZ. April 2017.
 Tobias Haberkorn: Die Mehrheitsgesellschaft ist vorbei Rezension von Wir. In: Zeit online. 16. November 2018.

Fußnoten

Autor
Philosoph (21. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Lyon)
Franzose
Geboren 1981
Mann

Tristan Garcia


Dr. Cooks Ankomst er en dansk stumfilm fra 1909 med ukendt instruktør.

Handling
Dr. Frederick Cook og andre ekspeditionsdeltagere ses på dækket. Grønlandsskibet sejler ind i Københavns havn den 5. september 1909 og lægger til ved Toldboden. Gæster ombord er blandt andet Daugaard Jensen og Jens Locker. Fornemme gæster sejles ud til skibet. Menneskemængde på kajen hylder de hjemvendte videnskabsmænd, der ankommer ombord på Grønlandsskibet 'Hans Egede'. Dr. Cook lader sig hylde fra Kongeligt Søkortarkivs balkon. Dr. Cook ses på skibets dæk. To grønlandske sømænd ses.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1909

Stumfilm fra Danmark
Begivenheder i 1909

Dr. Cooks Ankomst


Blutgericht bezeichnet

 bestimmte Strafgerichte im Mittelalter, siehe Blutgerichtsbarkeit
 eine Vergeltungsmaßnahme zu Kriegszeiten, siehe Blutgericht
 Blutgericht (Königsberg), Feinschmeckerlokal in Königsberg
 Blutgericht (1964), italienischer Abenteuerfilm
 Blutgericht, Alternativtitel des DDR-Westerns Die Söhne der großen Bärin (1966)
 Blutgericht in Texas (1974), US-amerikanischer Horrorfilm

Blutgericht (Begriffsklärung)


La romulée à petite fleurs, Romulea columnae, est une espèce de plantes herbacées bulbeuse appartenant à la famille des Iridaceae et au genre Romulea.

Synonymes
 Romulea bulbocodium subsp. columnae (Sebast. & Mauri) Bonnier & Layens, 1894
 Romulea erythropoda Jord., 1903
 Romulea minima Ten., 1832
 Romulea modesta Jord., 1866
 Romulea neglecta Jord. & Fourr., 1868
 Romulea parlatorii Tod., 1857
 Romulea parviflora Bubani, 1902
 Romulea ramiflora var. contorta Moggr.
 Trichonema columnae Rchb., 1830
 Ixia minima Ten., 1831
 Romulea basileleonis Sennen, 1926

Description
La floraison a lieu de février à avril.

Plante assez petite. Les feuilles sont rigides et d'un vert vif, filiformes, courbées, larges de moins de 5 mm, et d'une longueur de 6 à 12 cm. Périgone blanc à l'intérieur ou lavé de lilas.

Habitat et répartition
Romulea columnae pousse sur les sols sablonneux drainants des prairies et des falaises côtières du littoral méditerranéen et atlantique depuis le Maroc, les Canaries jusqu'en Grande-Bretagne.

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Notes et références

Iridaceae

Romulea columnae


Fountain Lake est une ville située dans l'État américain de l'Arkansas, dans le comté de Garland.

Histoire

Économie

Géographie

Démographie

Notes et références

Comté de Garland
Town en Arkansas

Fountain Lake (Arkansas)


NMK steht als Abkürzung für:

 Nationale Maritime Konferenz, deutsche Veranstaltungsreihe
 National Museums of Kenya, Verbund von Museen
 North Melbourne Kangaroos, australisches Footballteam
 Nullmengenkalibrierung, eine Funktion des Dieselsteuergerätes
 Kennzeichen für Landkreis Neumarkt
 Länderkennzeichen für Nordmazedonien, siehe Kfz-Kennzeichen (Nordmazedonien)

Siehe auch:
 MH-NMK

Abkürzung

NMK


William George Alexander "Jock" Stewart (* 15. Dezember 1883 in Dufftown, Schottland; † 9. August 1950 in Bishop's Stortford) war ein schottischer Bahnradsportler.

Zweimal, 1920 und 1924, nahm Jock Stewart an Olympischen Spielen teil. Bei den Spielen 1920 in Antwerpen startete er in drei Disziplinen. In der Mannschaftsverfolgung errang er gemeinsam mit Cyril Alden, Thomas Johnson und Albert White die Silbermedaille; im Tandemrennen belegte er mit Alden Platz vier. Bei den Spielen 1924 in Paris wurde Stewart mit einem Alter von 40 Jahren und 224 Tagen als ältester Teilnehmer geführt.

Weblinks

Radsportler (Schottland)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1920
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1924
Bahnradfahrer
Brite
Geboren 1883
Gestorben 1950
Mann

Jock Stewart


Sempre já é um termo filosófico concernente à percepção de fenômenos pela mente de um observador. Diz-se que as características de um fenômeno que parecem preceder qualquer percepção dele estão "sempre já" presentes.

Desenvolvimento
"Sempre já" traduz literalmente a frase alemã immer schon que aparece com destaque em várias obras filosóficas do século XX, notadamente em Ser e Tempo de Martin Heidegger. A frase não é específica da filosofia em alemão, mas se refere a uma ação ou condição que continuou sem nenhum começo identificável. Heidegger usou a frase regularmente para indicar que o Dasein, a experiência humana da existência, não tem início separado do mundo em que se existe, mas é produzido nele e por ele.

Com a força da influência de Heidegger, filósofos franceses e depois ingleses adotaram a tradução literal da frase. Na tradição marxista, Louis Althusser observou que "os indivíduos são sempre-já sujeitos" dentro de uma estrutura ideológica antes de se perceberem como tal - na verdade, mesmo antes do nascimento. Durante o final do século 20, o termo se propagou em diversas áreas do discurso filosófico que incluem teoria literária, hermenêutica e desconstrução.

Ver também
 A priori e a posteriori
 Assombração
 Númeno

Pós-estruturalismo
Fenomenologia
Percepção
Ontologia
Teorias metafísicas
Teoria literária
Hermenêutica
Filosofia da Alemanha
Conceitos existencialistas
Existencialismo
Teorias epistemológicas
Desconstrução
Filosofia continental
Conceitos na filosofia da mente
Conceitos metafísicos
Conceitos de lógica
Conceitos de epistemologia
Conceitos de estética
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (LGBTQIA+)
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mais Pretas)
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mais Diversidade)

Sempre já


An Trisetum flavescens in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Ambroise Marie François Joseph Palisot de Beauvois. An Trisetum flavescens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Trisetum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Trisetum

Trisetum flavescens


Maarrat al-Numan (în ; cunoscut și ca al-Maarra, al-Ma'arra) este un oraș din partea nord-vestică a Siriei. Populația localității era, conform datelor din 2004, înainte de războiul civil de cca. 58.000 de locuitori. În 2017 s-a estimat că are o populație de 80.000 locuitori, inclusiv multe persoane strămutate de lupte din orașe vecine. Se află pe autostrada dintre Alep și Hama și în apropierea  Bara și Serjilla – locuri incluse în Patrimoniul Mondial UNESCO. Orașul, cunoscut de greci sub numele de Arra, iar numele actual este combinat cu numele grec și cu primul său conducător musulman an-Nu'man ibn Bashir, un tovarăș al lui Mahomed. Cruciații l-au numit Marre.

Astăzi, orașul are un muzeu cu mozaicuri din Orașele moarte, Marea Moschee omonimă localității, o medresă construită de Abu al-Farawis în 1199 și rămășițe cetății medievale. Orașul este, de asemenea, locul de naștere al poetului al-Maarri (973–1057).

Bibliografie
 Amin Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes. Schocken, 1989,

Legături externe
 Encyclopedia of the Orient

Orașe din Siria

Maarrat al-Numan


Gerrard Street is a street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It consists of two separate parts, historically referred to as Lower Gerrard and Upper Gerrard. The former stretches between University Avenue and Coxwell Avenue for 6 km, across Old Toronto. The latter portion starts 300 m north of Lower Gerrard's eastern terminus and runs between Coxwell Avenue and Clonmore Drive, between Victoria Park Avenue and Warden Avenue, in Scarborough for another 4 km.

Gerrard Street travels through a few important districts and neighbourhoods of Toronto, most notably Discovery District, East Chinatown, and Gerrard India Bazaar, Toronto's prime South Asian ethnic enclave.

History

Gerrard is named for Samuel Gerrard (1767-1857), an Anglo-Irish businessman in Lower Canada and a personal friend of the Honourable John McGill, member of the Legislative Council of Upper Canada.

Upper Gerrard was originally a separate street called "Lake View Avenue", which was in the town of East Toronto.  The name was changed after East Toronto was annexed by Toronto in 1908.

Gerrard Village

A short stretch of Gerrard Street West from Bay Street to LaPlante Avenue was referred to as Gerrard Village, a bohemian-Greenwich Village like area emerged in late 19th Century to 1920s and disappeared towards the end of the 1960s. A few buildings from the former neighbourhood still exists, but the residents and remaining business no longer hold ties to the past.

People who lived or are associated to it included famous writers, artists:

 Pierre Berton - Canadian historian and author
 Ernest Hemingway - American novelist and reporter lived here during his time in Toronto around 1919-1920
 Lawren Harris - Canadian painter and member of the Group of Seven
 Albert Franck - Dutch-born Canadian painter

Route description
As is typical in Toronto, the street is divided into East and West addresses at Yonge Street. Atypically, the West portion of the street is very short — only four blocks long. Its western terminus at University Avenue lies within the heart of Downtown Toronto's "Hospital Row", which consists of Toronto General Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto Rehab, and The Hospital for Sick Children. The bulk of Gerrard Street is actually known as Gerrard Street East. Toronto Metropolitan University is located on Gerrard Street East just east of Yonge Street. Further to the east, at Parliament Street, Gerrard Street separates Cabbagetown from Regent Park.

After crossing over the Don River, Gerrard Street East passes through Toronto's East Chinatown which is centred on Gerrard between Broadview Avenue and Carlaw Avenue. Continuing east, Gerrard Street East between Greenwood Avenue and Coxwell Avenue is home to one of the largest South Asian marketplaces in North America. At the intersection of Gerrard and Broadview Avenue are two bilingual street signs with the words "Gerrard St E / 芝蘭東街".

Upper Gerrard is largely a mix of residential and small neighbourhood businesses. At Victoria Park Avenue, the name of the street reverts simply to "Gerrard Street", rather than "Gerrard Street East", for the last four blocks before it ends by merging into Clonmore Drive. This  nomenclature oddity is due to the area east of Victoria Park formerly being in Scarborough, which did not label the streets entering from Toronto with an "east" designation, even after the creation of Metropolitan Toronto, which used unified cardinal directions for streets elsewhere, including farther north in Scarborough itself for streets continuing from East York and North York.  (Gerrard and Queen were the only streets labelled with an "east" designation that entered directly into Scarborough from Toronto; both only continue for a few blocks into Scarborough before ending.)

Transit
The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) serves Lower Gerrard with the Toronto streetcar route 506 Carlton, between Parliament Street and Coxwell Avenue. The route then travels along Coxwell Avenue and continues along Upper Gerrard until Main Street, where it turns and terminates at Main Street station. The remainder of Gerrard Street, east of Main Street, is served by the TTC bus route 135 Gerrard, which travels between Main Street station and Warden station.

Gerrard Street Bridge

A  three-hinged ribbed deck steel arch bridge spans the Don River and (formerly railway tracks and now) the Don Valley Parkway below and was completed in 1923.

This single span replaced the previous bridge which consisted of a Warren pony truss span in the middle connected by a shorter riveted Warren deck truss spans to the east and west sides. Decorative steel railing has been replaced with concrete parapet with simple metal railings in 1991.

See also
List of neighbourhoods in Toronto

References

Roads in Toronto

Gerrard Street (Toronto)


Cimitirul militarilor români de la Smârdan (actual Inovo) este un fost cimitir al militarilor români de pe teritoriul Bulgariei. A fost situat în localitatea Smârdan din regiunea Vidin.

Istoric

Cimitirul
La origine, 286 de soldați și ofițerii români care au murit în Războiul de Independență, au fost înmormântați în două gropi comune, la Smârdan. Dintre cele două gropi, una a fost împrejmuită cu un gard din piatră, iar a doua a fost marcată cu un monument care susținea o cruce din marmură, realizat în 1883 de Carol Storck.

În perioada Primei Conflagrații Mondiale cimitirul și crucea lui Storck au fost distruse, dar în 1931 monumentul a fost refăcut de către Societatea Culturală Română. În 1960 însă amplasamentul celor două gropi comune nu se mai cunoștea.

Monumentul comemorativ și osuarul

Conform cu înțelegerilor dintre guvernele român și bulgar, pe teritoriul Bulgariei au fost ridicate mausoleele de la Plevna și Grivița și monumentele de la Rahova și Vidin, prevăzute ca osuare. În 1897 a fost inaugurat în prezența oficialităților și a veteranilor de război români la Smârdan  peste osuarul celor 1.000 de militari români morți în luptele din regiunea Vidinului, un monument  de 11 m înălțime reprezentat de statuia zeiței Victoria.

Acesta, finanțat de Ministerul de Război, era opera lui Karl Storck și reprezenta o femeie de bronz de 2 m înălțime având o coroană de lauri, privind spre interiorul Bulgariei. În mâna dreaptă ținea o lumină și în cea stângă o sabie, piciorul drept stătea pe un tun iar cel stâng pe un lanț rupt. Suportul statuii avea o înălțime de 9 m,  fiind de granit.

Bronzul îi fusese pus la dispoziția lui Storck de Arsenalul Armatei pentru comanda statuilor de la Smârdan și Rahova într-o cantitate de 2093 kg, având ca provenineță tunuri și trofee turcești. După 3 încercări eșuate de turnare a statuilor în curtea unui clopotar, Stork a comandat turnarea statuilor la Viena.
Pe monument se afla următoarea inscripție:

Monumentul a fost distrus într-o noapte a anului 1913, pe fondul manifestărilor antiromânești de după intrarea Armatei Române în Bulgaria în timpul celui de-Al doilea Război Balcanic și după Pacea de la București, de către naționaliștii bulgari.

În amintirea voluntarilor
În 1905, aromânii au ridicat în apropierea cimitirului un monument dedicat fetiței Marița, voluntară vlahă din zona Timocului, împușcată de soldații Imperiului Otoman. În timpul Primului Război Mondial și acesta a fost distrus de bulgari, prin dinamitare.

Perioada actuală
În 1995, la inițiativa Asociației Vlahilor din Bulgaria, s-a înălțat o cruce de aproximativ 2 m înălțime din fier forjat, pe locul unde s-a aflat zeița Victoria.

Note
  în apropierea osuarului, după altă sursă
  15 m înălțime, după alte surse
  operă a lui  Fritz Storck , după o altă sursă
  din marmură, după alte surse
  în timpul Primului Război Mondial, după alte surse
  spre diferență de monumentul de la Smârdan, din cel de la Rahova – deși a fost propus la dinamitare de către armata bulgară, au supraviețuit componentele demontabile. Ca urmare a intervenției militarilor de naționalitate română din Regimentul 36 de la Rahova (Oriahovo), a fost aruncat în aer numai fundamentul, restul pieselor fiind îngropate. Ulterior în deceniul 5 din secolul XX, statuia a fost dezgropată și reinstalată la Rahova.

Referințe

Bibliografie
 Giurcă, Ioan & Bordeanu, Jănică; Monumente ale Independenței realizate în timpul domniei regelui Carol I; Monumentul, 09/2009; pp. 217–229
  Hariton, Radian-Silviu; Nationalism, heroism and war monuments in Romania, 1900s-1930s ; New Europe College Yearbook 2010-2011, ISSN 1584-0298; pp. 183–237
 Dinu, Barbu; Călătorie în Țara Românilor , ed a II-a revăzută și adăugită; Ed. Almanahul Banatului; Timișoara; 2009; ISBN 978-973-8091-32-0

Vezi și
 Lupta de la Smârdan
 Atacul de la Smârdan (pictură de Nicolae Grigorescu)

Cimitire militare
Eroi ai Războiului de Independență a României

Cimitirul militarilor români de la Smârdan (Vidin)


Satán nunca duerme (título original en inglés Satan Never Sleeps) es una película dirigida por Leo McCarey según guion basado en la novela homónima de Pearl S. Buck y estrenada en 1962. Última película de McCarey, el director vuelve a temas religiosos católicos, que ya relató en películas de éxito como Going My Way (1944) y The Bells of St. Mary's (1945), ambas con Bing Crosby como protagonista.

Sinopsis
En 1949, el sacerdote padre O'Banion (William Holden) llega a una lejana misión en China acompañado de una joven mujer nativa, Siu Lan (France Nuyen), que se le ha unido en el viaje. Su trabajo es reemplazar al actual sacerdote, el Padre Bovard (Clifton Webb), ya viejo y débil para continuar con las actividades diarias de la misión. Sin embargo, los soldados comunistas de Mao llegan a la misión antes de que Bovard pueda partir, y toman el control de la misma.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Películas cristianas
Películas sobre el catolicismo

Satán nunca duerme


The Good Place este o serie de televiziune fantezistă americană creată de Michael Schur. Seria a avut premiera pe 19 septembrie 2016 pe NBC.

Seria se concentrează pe Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell), care se trezește în viața de după moarte și este prezentat de Michael (Ted Danson) la "The Good Place", o utopie foarte selectivă, asemănătoare Heaven-ului, pe care a conceput-o ca o răsplată pentru viața sa dreaptă . Cu toate acestea, își dă seama că a fost trimisă din greșeală și trebuie să-și ascundă comportamentul imperfect din punct de vedere moral în timp ce încerca să devină o persoană mai bună și mai etică. William Jackson Harper, Jameela Jamil și Manny Jacinto colaborează cu ceilalți locuitori ai casei "Good Place", împreună cu D'Arcy Carden ca Janet, o ființă artificială care cunoaște toate informațiile din univers și poate produce orice element din nimic, abilități pe care le folosește pentru a-i ajuta pe locuitori.

The Good Place a primit recenzii pozitive la debut și de atunci a câștigat recunoștință critică. A fost lăudat pentru acțiunea, scrierea, originalitatea, setarea și tonul. În plus, terminarea primului sezon, explorarea și utilizarea creativă a eticii și filozofiei spectacolului au fost primite pozitiv. Recunoașterea a câștigat, de asemenea, seria unui premiu Peabody în 2019.

Al treilea sezon a avut premiera la 27 septembrie 2018 și s-a încheiat la 24 ianuarie 2019. În decembrie 2018, NBC a reînnoit seria pentru un al patrulea sezon.

Distribuție și personaje

Principal
 Kristen Bell - Eleanor Shellstrop
 William Jackson Harper - Chidi Anagonye
 Jameela Jamil - Tahani Al-Jamil
 D'Arcy Carden - Janet
 Manny Jacinto - Jason Mendoza
 Ted Danson - Michael

Recurent
 Tiya Sircar - "reale Eleanor Shellstrop"
 Adam Scott - Trevor
 Marc Evan Jackson - Shawn
 Maribeth Monroe - Mindy St. Claire
 Luke Guldan - Chris Baker
 Jason Mantzoukas - Derek Hoffstettler
 Maya Rudolph - Judge Hydrogen (sau "Gen" pe scurt)
 Mike O'Malley - portar
 Amy Okuda - Jessica / Gayle
 Bambadjan Bamba - Bambadjan
 Josh Siegal - Glenn
 Eugene Cordero - Pillboi
 Jama Williamson - Val
 Ben Lawson - Larry Hemsworth
 Rebecca Hazlewood - Kamilah Al-Jamil
 Leslie Grossman - Donna Shellstrop

Note

Legături externe

Seriale de televiziune din 2016
Seriale de televiziune americane

The Good Place


مشروع عامر هو منطقة واقعة غرب جباليا.

سكانها
تعرضت المنطقة كباقي المناطق في قطاع غزة إلى القصف في الحرب على غزة 2014، على الساعة 17:40 من مساء يوم 12 مارس 2014، أطلقت طائرة إسرائيلية تجاه مجموعة من الشبان تواجدوا في محيط محطة خدمات الواقعة في مشروع عامر غرب جباليا صاروخاً واحداً على الأقل، ولم يُبلغ عن وقوع إصابات أو أضرار.

مرافق

 مضخة صرف صحي

المراجع

قطاع غزة

مشروع عامر