O Patriarcado Armênio de Jerusalém também conhecido como Patriarcado Armênio de São Tiago (armênio: ռռռքելքելկովբենն յերուսսրբոցղեմ, AṙAK'Yelakan At'Voṙ Srboc 'Yakovbeanc' Yerusaġem, literalmente "Sé Apostólica de São Tiago em Jerusalém") está localizado no Bairro armênio de Jerusalém. É uma jurisdição autônoma da Igreja Apostólica Armênia na Terra Santa. Esta Sé Patriarcal está em plena comunhão com o Patriarca Supremo de Echmiadzin, a quem reconhece como a supremacia preeminente em todos os assuntos espirituais.

A Igreja Apostólica Armênia é oficialmente reconhecida sob o sistema confessional de Israel, pela autorregulação de questões de status, como casamento e divórcio.

Durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial, os sobreviventes do genocídio armênio receberam abrigo no Convento Armênio em Jerusalém. A população armênia de Jerusalém atingiu naquela época 25.000 pessoas. Mas a instabilidade política e econômica na região reduziu a população armênia. A maioria dos armênios em Jerusalém vive dentro e ao redor do Patriarcado no Mosteiro de São Tiago, que ocupa a maior parte do Bairro Armênio da Cidade Velha. Além de Jerusalém, existem comunidades armênias em Jafa, Haifa e Nazaré, e nos Territórios Palestinos.

A comunidade armênia de Jerusalém usa o calendário juliano antigo, ao contrário do resto da Igreja Armênia que usa o calendário gregoriano.

História

Durante os primeiros séculos do cristianismo, muitos monges armênios viveram no deserto da Palestina, enquanto muitos peregrinos armênios viajaram em caravanas para visitar os Lugares Santos a partir do século IV. No século VI, um grupo de cristãos de rito armênio se estabeleceu na Cidade de Jerusalém. A Jerusalém bizantina foi conquistada pelos exércitos árabes muçulmanos de Omar em 638. Quando o Patriarca grego de Jerusalém, Sofrônio I, morreu naquele ano, os árabes não permitiram a eleição de um novo Patriarca até 692 . A proibição bizantina sobre a Igreja Armênia não-calcedoniana foi mudada pelos árabes, que lhes deram liberdade de culto. O califa omíada Omar I (592-644) concedeu por carta em 638 direitos e privilégios à Igreja Apostólica Armênia, que começou a nomear seus próprios Bispos para as necessidades de seus próprios fiéis em Jerusalém, iniciando a série de Bispos que com o tempo eles seriam chamados de Patriarcas Armênios de Jerusalém. Quando o rei armênio da Cilícia Oshin e o Católico Constantino III de Cesareia forçaram os Chefes das Dioceses da Cilícia da Igreja Armênia a aceitar as decisões do Concílio de Sis (1307) sobre a adoção de mudanças dogmáticas e rituais para a união com Roma, o Patriarca Armênio de Jerusalém, Sargis, desejando preservar a pureza da doutrina da Igreja Armênia, adquiriu do Sultão do Egito uma Carta sobre a retirada de seu Trono da autoridade administrativa do Catolicato Armênio da Grande Casa da Cilícia em 1311, começando a conduzir seus assuntos de forma independente.

Jurisdição
O Patriarcado goza de um status semi-diplomático e é um dos três maiores guardiões dos Lugares Santos Cristãos na Terra Santa (os outros dois são os Patriarcados Ortodoxo e Latino). Entre esses locais sob controle conjunto do Patriarcado Armênio e outras Igrejas, capelas e lugares sagrados estão:

 A Igreja do Santo Sepulcro na Cidade Velha (Jerusalém);
 A Capela da Ascensão no Monte das Oliveiras;
 Túmulo da Virgem Maria no Vale do Getsêmani;
 A Igreja da Natividade em Belém.

O Patriarcado Armênio também tem jurisdição sobre as comunidades apostólicas armênias na Palestina, Israel e Jordânia. As igrejas armênias com jurisdição plena são:

 A Igreja de Santo Elias em Haifa;
 A Igreja de São Nicolau em Jafa;
 O Mosteiro de São Jorge em Ramla
 A Igreja Armênia de São Tadeu em Amã, Jordânia.

Patriarca
O Arcebispo Nourhan Manougian, serviu a Igreja Armênia como Grande Sacristão e Vigário Patriarcal, quando foi eleito o 97º Patriarca Armênio de Jerusalém em 24 de janeiro de 2013. Manougian sucedeu o Arcebispo Torkom Manoogian, que morreu em 12 de outubro de 2012 após cumprir 22 anos no cargo. O Patriarca, juntamente com um Sínodo de sete clérigos eleitos pela Irmandade de São Tiago, supervisiona as operações do Patriarcado.

Igrejas ortodoxas orientais
Igreja Apostólica Armênia
Igrejas ortodoxas orientais autônomas
Patriarcas de Jerusalém

Patriarcado armênio de Jerusalém


مركز لانغلي البحثي  هو أقدم موقع أبحاث لناسا يقع في هامبتون، فيرجينيا.

انظر أيضا
 قائمة ناسا لمراكز الزوار

مراجع

السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية في هامبتون (فرجينيا)
مبان ومنشآت في هامبتون (فرجينيا)
مراكز أبحاث
معاهد أبحاث الطيران
مواقع استجابة بيئية شاملة في فرجينيا

تأسيسات سنة 1917 في فرجينيا
السجل التاريخي للهندسة الأمريكية في فرجينيا

مركز لانغلي البحثي


Lille Amalienborg er et uofficielt navn på en bygning ved Roskildevejen i Albertslund.

Bygningen er udpeget som bevaringsværdig, ejes af Kriminalforsorgen og ligger mellem Herstedvester Fængsel og Vridsløselille Fængsel.

Årsagen til navnet Lille Amalienborg skyldes, at bygninger har visse sammenlignelige træk med et palæ på Amalienborg.

Ekstern kilde/henvisning

Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Albertslund

Lille Amalienborg (Albertslund)


النَضْناض أو قنفذ النمل أو آكل النمل الشائك هو حيوان ثديي بيوض ينتمي إلى رتبة أحاديات المسلك، يوجد منه خمسة أنواع موزعة بين أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ينتمي النضناض مع خلد الماء إلى الرتبة الحيوانية الثدييات التي تضع بيضا ولا تلد، وهي تطورت من «مدموجة الأقواس».

المراجع

اقرأ أيضا

 خلد الماء
 مندمجات الأقواس
 وحشيات الأقواس

أصنوفات سماها ثيودور جيل
أنواع مهددة بالانقراض حسب القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد العالمي للحفاظ على الطبيعة ومواردها
ثدييات الإقليم الشمالي
ثدييات بيوضة
حيوانات متوطنة في غينيا الجديدة
حيوانات مستشعرة للإشارات الكهربائية
كائنات باقية ظهرت خلال العصر الميوسيني

نضناض


Dolichomastix, rod zelenih algi smješten u porodicu Dolichomastigaceae, dio reda Dolichomastigales. Priznate su četiri vrste, sve su morske.

Vrste
 Dolichomastix eurylepidea Manton
 Dolichomastix lepidota Manton
 Dolichomastix nummulifera Manton - tipična
 Dolichomastix tenuilepis J.Throndsen & A.Zingone

Izvori

Mamiellophyceae

Dolichomastix (Plantae)


Carlo DeRosa (* 27. Oktober 1970) ist ein US-amerikanischer Jazz-Bassist, Bandleader und Komponist, dem Jack DeJohnette "großartiges Ensemblespiel und durchdachte Soli" bescheinigte.

Leben und Wirken
DeRosa stammt aus New Paltz (New York) und kam 1993 nach New York City und arbeitete seitdem mit Musikern wie Ray Barretto, Ravi Coltrane, William Cepeda, Bruce Barth, Ed Thigpen, Nick Brignola, Mickey Roker, Steve Turre, Miguel Zenón, Hilton Ruiz, Ralph Alessi und Jason Moran; außerdem wirkte er bei Aufnahmen u. a. von Amir ElSaffar (Two Rivers; Pi Recordings 2007, und Inana  2011), Rudresh Mahanthappa (Kinsmen 2008) mit. In den 2000er Jahren arbeitete er mit seiner Band Cross Fade, der Mark Shim (Saxophon), Justin Brown (Schlagzeug) und der Pianist Vijay Iyer angehören. 2011 legte er auf Cuneiform das Album Brain Dance vor.

Weblinks
Webpräsenz
Porträt bei All About Jazz

Einzelnachweise

Jazz-Bassist
Komponist (Jazz)
Musiker (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1970
Mann

Carlo DeRosa


Das Gut Grittern, auch Haus Grittern oder Rittergut Grittern genannt, ist ein denkmalgeschütztes ehemaliges Rittergut südwestlich von Doveren, einem Stadtteil von Hückelhoven im Kreis Heinsberg (Nordrhein-Westfalen). Das heutige Hauptgebäude hat seine Wurzeln in einem Bau des 16. Jahrhunderts und gehört zu einer ganzen Kette von Herrensitzen im Tal der Rur. Die Anlage befindet sich in Privatbesitz und kann nicht besichtigt werden.

Geschichte

Über die Anfänge der spätmittelalterlichen Wasserburg Grittern ist nichts bekannt. Wahrscheinlich war sie der Stammsitz des gleichnamigen Adelsgeschlechts, das, dem Wappen nach zu urteilen, gleicher Herkunft war wie die Herren von Körrenzig. Sophia von Grittern brachte das Anwesen durch Heirat 1535 an ihren Mann Dietrich von Lieck. Nachfahren der beiden, Johann von Lieck und seine Frau Elise von Wevorde, ließen im späten 16. Jahrhundert das heute teilweise noch existierende Burghaus errichten. 1654 kam die Anlage über Elise Christine von Lieck an deren Mann Wilhelm Degenhard von Hompesch-Bollheim. Die Grafenfamilie blieb bis 1840 Besitzerin der wasserumwehrten Gebäude. Eine Ansicht der Anlage aus der Zeit, als sie Hompesch-Bollheimer Besitz war, zeigt der Codex Welser von 1723. Allerdings ist die dort zu sehende Zeichnung nur sehr ungenau.

Um die Wende vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert war das Gut Grittern Eigentum des Regierungsassessors Konrad Bresges aus Rheydt. Er ließ um 1900 bei einer großen Umbaumaßnahme das zweite Obergeschoss des Burghauses abtragen, um zwei ehemals voneinander abgesetzte Gebäudeteile zu vereinheitlichen und in der Höhe anzugleichen. Anschließend erhielten die beiden Bauten ein gemeinsames Dach. Dafür ließ der Bauherr einen der renaissancezeitlichen Staffelgiebel des Haupthauses entfernen. Zeitgleich wurde für Bresges auf dem Gelände der Anlage nach Plänen von Otto March eine neuzeitliche Villa errichtet und dort ein aus dem Burghaus stammender Renaissance-Kamin installiert. Der Neubau wurde während des Zweiten Weltkriegs zerstört und auch das Burghaus stark beschädigt. Letzteres wurde 1970/75 wieder aufgebaut. Es steht seit dem 6. Juli 1987 unter Denkmalschutz. Die Vorburggebäude wurden am 30. März 1994 in die Denkmalliste aufgenommen.

Beschreibung

Das Gut Grittern ist eine zweiteilige Anlage, bestehend aus einem zweigeschossigen Haupthaus und den nordwestlich vorgelagerten Wirtschaftsgebäuden aus dem 19. Jahrhundert.

Das Burghaus ist ein zweigeschossiger Backsteinbau auf rechteckigem Grundriss und mit hohem Sockelgeschoss. Früher war er von einem breiten Wassergraben umgeben, der vom Nysterbach gespeist wurde, doch das Grabensystem wurde um 1900 trockengelegt und ist mittlerweile eingeebnet. Der heutige Zustand des Haupthauses resultiert aus einer großen Umbaumaßnahme um 1900, bei der ein Teil des Gebäudes abgetragen wurde. Das Haus besitzt verschiedene Fensterarten (Kreuzstock- und Querstockfenster genauso wie längsgeteilte Fenster), sie besitzen alle eine Hausteinfassung. Die Kurzseiten des Hauses zeigen Giebel aus der Zeit der Renaissance, wobei der rückwärtige geschweift und weniger aufwändig gestaltet ist. Der Giebel der Nordseite ist ein mit Steinkugeln besetzter Staffelgiebel, der durch Hausteinfriese horizontal gegliedert ist. Er besitzt große Ähnlichkeit mit dem Giebel des Herrenhauses der Deutschordenskommende Siersdorf. Drei in den Giebel integrierte helle Hausteinplatten zeigen Rosetten- bzw. Sternenreliefs. Eine Brücke führt zum darunter befindlichen Haupteingang des Gebäudes mit dem Allianzwappen der Familien Lieck und Wevorden. Dieses ist von einem Dreiecksgiebel bekrönt und an beiden Seiten von Voluten gerahmt. Im Inneren des Hauses findet sich ein Renaissance-Kamin, dessen Sturz mit 15 Ahnenwappen des Ehepaars Lieck/Wevorden verziert ist. Er war zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts in einen Neubau transferiert und dort im Zweiten Weltkrieg zerstört worden. Seine Einzelteile wurden in den 1970er Jahren aus den Kriegstrümmern geborgen und im Burghaus wieder zusammengesetzt sowie restauriert.

Die dreiflügelige Vorburg aus Backstein wurde im 19. Jahrhundert vollständig neu errichtet. Ihr Dach ist sogar noch neueren Datums und stammt aus dem 20. Jahrhundert, weil es nach einem Brand zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen erneuert werden musste. Der Westflügel besitzt hofseitig drei korbbogige Einfahrten, auf dem Dach befindet sich eine Windrose mit Wetterhahn. Im eingeschossigen Nordflügel findet sich die ebenfalls korbbogige Hofeinfahrt. Der Ostflügel beherbergt in seinen zwei Geschossen eine Remise und einen Wohntrakt. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs diente er als Unterkunft für Gefangene. An seinem südlichen Ende steht das Verwalterhaus vom Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts. Dieser Ziegelbau besitzt Klötzchenfriese an seinen Traufseiten.

Literatur

 Paul Clemen (Hrsg.): Die Kunstdenkmäler der Kreise Erkelenz und Geilenkirchen (= Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz. Band 8, Abt. 2). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1904, S. 30–31 (online).
 Claudia Euskirchen, Olaf Gisbertz, Ulrich Schäfer (Bearb.): Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Band I: Rheinland. Deutscher Kunstverlag, München/Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03093-X.
 Hans-Henning Herzberg: Stadt Hückelhoven (= Rheinische Kunststätten. Nr. 315). 1. Auflage. Neusser Druckerei und Verlag, Neuss 1987, ISBN 3-88094-533-0, S. 23.
 Johannes Heinrich Terboven: Haus Teveren. In: Heimatkalender der Erkelenzer Lande für das Jahr 1969. Oberkreisdirektor, Erkelenz 1969, , S. 85–98.
Die Villa Grittern bei Doveren – ihr Baumeister Otto March aus Berlin; Frank Körfer (1985); publiziert in: Kreis Heinsberg (Hrsg.), Heimatkalender des Kreises Heinsberg.

Weblinks

 Denkmalbeschreibung des Guts Grittern

Einzelnachweise

Grittern
Wasserburg im Kreis Heinsberg
Erbaut im 16. Jahrhundert
Backsteinarchitektur
Baudenkmal in Hückelhoven
Bauwerk in Hückelhoven

Gut Grittern


Kaiserwalzer ist ein österreichischer Spielfilm von Franz Antel aus dem Jahr 1953. Die Hauptrollen sind mit Willy Danek, Maria Holst, Rudolf Prack, Gunther Philipp und Winnie Markus sowie Pepi Glöckner und Hans Holt besetzt.

Handlung
Leutnant Zauner, der Adjutant von Erzherzog Ludwig, hat wieder einmal das Auto seines Chefs benutzt, um seine Freundin, die Tänzerin Anni Wührer, an der kaiserlichen Oper zu besuchen. Diese ist enttäuscht, dass Zauner sie nicht mit zum kaiserlichen Urlaub nach Ischl nehmen will, und reist auf eigene Faust an.

In Ischl lernt Ludwig die Lehrerin Luise Pichler kennen, als sie mit ihren Schülern zum ersten Mal die von Lehrer Resinger vertonte Fassung des Kaiserwalzers singt. Ludwig verliebt sich in Luise und gibt, da er in Zivil ist, vor, Leutnant Zauner zu sein. Beide treffen sich mehrfach und begegnen auf der Alm auch dem Berliner Hauptmann Krause. Zudem erscheint Kaiserin Elisabeth auf der Alm, und die Kinder singen ihr den Kaiserwalzer vor. Elisabeth lädt Luise und die Kinder ein, zum Geburtstag des Kaisers den Kaiserwalzer vorzutragen. Ludwig hat die Begegnung aus einem Versteck mitverfolgt.

In Ischl ist unterdessen der begeisterte Konditor Zauner auf Mizzi, die Tochter des Konditors Bachmaier, aufmerksam geworden. Er hilft ihr bei einer Pistaziencremezubereitung, und beide kommen sich näher, als Anni in der Konditorei erscheint und Zauner erwischt. Durch Hauptmann Krause glaubt Anni zudem, dass Zauner sie zusätzlich noch mit einer Lehrerin betrügt. Anni beschwert sich beim Erzherzog Ludwig über Zauner, und der bittet sie, Stillschweigen zu bewahren. Sie erhält für ihre Verschwiegenheit eine Stelle als Solotänzerin des Balletts in Aussicht gestellt.

Es kommt zu Verwicklungen, als Zauner Mizzi einen Verlobungsring schenkt und Luise glaubt, Ludwig habe sich verlobt. Erst als Ludwig und Anni zusammentreffen und Anni ihn nicht erkennt, glaubt Luise wieder an Ludwigs Unschuld. Der Hof beendet seinen Urlaub, und Ludwig reist zurück nach Wien. Luises Tante Anna Riegler ahnt, dass ihre Nichte unglücklich verliebt ist, und glaubt, dass es des Geldes wegen sei: Ein Leutnant darf nur heiraten, wenn er sich den Abschied aus dem Soldatenstand teuer erkauft hat. Die Tante verkauft daher eine Wiese an Bachmaier, damit Luise Ludwigs Kaution zahlen kann. Da das Geld nicht reicht, begibt sich Luise nach Wien, um bei Kaiserin Elisabeth um einen Erlass der Restkaution "für Leutnant Zauner" zu bitten. Elisabeth lässt anschließend Zauner zu sich kommen, der jedoch glaubt, Mizzi habe seine Kaution zahlen wollen. Erst jetzt löst Zauner alle Missverständnisse auf, und Elisabeth ist besorgt, dass Ludwig der Liebe wegen seinen Titel aufs Spiel setzen wird, zumal mit einer Prinzessin von Sachsen für ihn bereits eine standesgemäße Partie gefunden wurde. Sie erklärt Luise, wer Ludwig tatsächlich ist, und diese bricht zusammen. Sie erbittet sich jedoch einen letzten Abend mit Ludwig, den ihr Elisabeth gewährt. Am nächsten Tag packt Luise ihre Sachen. Dem dazukommenden Ludwig erklärt sie, von Anfang an über seine wahre Identität Bescheid gewusst zu haben. Sie liebe einen anderen. Als Ludwig Luise verlässt, kommt Resinger zu ihr und nimmt sie mit zurück nach Ischl. Ludwig jedoch tanzt mit versteinerter Miene wenig später zu den Klängen des Kaiserwalzers mit der sächsischen Prinzessin.

Zurück in Ischl zeigt sich, dass zwischen Luise und Resinger tatsächlich eine vorsichtige Beziehung beginnt. Beide haken sich unter, um dem Hochzeitszug von Zauner und Mizzi zuzusehen, die sich nach all den Missverständnissen endgültig gefunden haben.

Produktion
Ursprünglich wollte Franz Antel das erfolgreiche Singspiel Sissy verfilmen, doch Ilse Kubaschewski vom Gloria-Filmverleih zeigte sich skeptisch, ob eine historische Liebesgeschichte zwischen einer Prinzessin und einem Kaiser für das Publikum interessant genug wäre. Sie verlangte stattdessen eine Liebesgeschichte zwischen einer Prinzessin und einem Mann aus dem Volk oder umgekehrt. Also erfand Antel eine Liebesgeschichte zwischen einem Herzog und einem Mädchen aus dem Volk.

Kaiserwalzer entstand im Studio AFA Graz-Thalerhof sowie im Ringfilm-Studio in Wien. Die Außenaufnahmen stammen aus Bad Ischl, Graz und vom Schloss Schönbrunn. Die Filmbauten schufen Sepp Rothauer und Heinz Ockermüller.
Es tanzt das Dia Luca-Ballett, die Wiener Sängerknaben singen.

Der Titel geht auf den Kaiser-Walzer von Johann Strauss (Sohn) zurück, der im Film mehrfach zu hören ist.

Veröffentlichung
Der Film erlebte am 24. Juli 1953 in München seine Premiere. In Österreich wurde er am 10. September 1953 veröffentlicht, in den USA unter dem Titel The Emperor Waltz im Jahr 1956. Veröffentlicht wurde er zudem in Ungarn unter dem Titel Császárkeringö. Die guten Einspielergebnisse schienen Kubaschewskis Argumentation zu bestätigen. Antel drehte im Jahr darauf mit Prack und Markus in den Hauptrollen sowie weiteren Schauspielern aus diesem Film den Film Kaisermanöver. Der Produzent, Autor und Regisseur Ernst Marischka griff jedoch 1955 von sich aus den von der Gloria-Chefin gegenüber Antel abgelehnten Sissy-Stoff auf und schuf unter dem Titel Sissi einen Welterfolg.

Kaiserwalzer wurde am 15. Dezember 2006 von Studiocanal auf DVD veröffentlicht.

Kritik
Der Spiegel schrieb anlässlich der Premiere des Films:

Für den film-dienst war Kaiserwalzer ein "seichtes Melodram mit schmelzender Walzermusik vor den Kulissen eines verkitschten Alt-Österreich." Cinema nannte den Film "Herzschmerz, der süß-klebrig dahinwalzt".

Kino.de sprach von "eine[m] österreichische[m] Melodram, angesiedelt in der fiktivien 'Sissi'-Zeit, ohne Happy-End. Regisseur Franz Antel (geb. 1913) gilt als Schöpfer der 'K. u. K.-Filme', die komödiantisch, dramatisch, verkitscht und musikalisch die Kaiserzeit behandelten." Weiter hieß es, der "titelgebende Walzer [sei] einer der schönsten von Johann Strauß Sohn".

Weblinks

 Kaiserwalzer Titelblatt Illustrierte Film-Bühne Nr. 1997 (im Bild: Rudolf Prack, Winnie Markus, Maria Holst)
 Kaiserwalzer (1953) siehe Abschnitt zum Film auf der Seite sissi-sammlung.de
 Kaiserwalzer vollständiger Film

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1953
Österreichischer Film
Schwarzweißfilm
Franz Antel

Kaiserwalzer (1953)


O Vérité foi um couraçado pré-dreadnought operado pela Marinha Nacional Francesa e a terceira embarcação da Classe Liberté, depois do  e , e seguido pelo . Sua construção começou em abril de 1903 na Forges et Chantiers de la Gironde e foi lançado ao mar em maio de 1907, sendo comissionado na frota francesa em setembro do ano seguinte. Era armado com quatro canhões de 305 milímetros em duas torres de artilharia duplas, tinha um deslocamento carregado de quase quinze mil toneladas e alcançava uma velocidade máxima de dezoito nós.

O Vérité serviu na Esquadra do Mediterrâneo com seus irmãos. Suas principais atividades consistiram em exercícios de rotinas, manobras junto com a frota, visitas e portos estrangeiros e revistas navais e homenagem a dignitários estrangeiros. Com o início da Primeira Guerra Mundial em 1914, o navio escoltou comboios de tropas do Norte da África e então foi enviado para o Mar Adriático, participando da Batalha de Antivari em agosto. No mês seguinte foi transferido para Dardanelos e bombardeou fortificações do Império Otomano, patrulhando a área até o final do ano.

O navio pouco fez até meados de 1916, quando foi transferido para Grécia a fim de pressionar o governo grego a entrar na guerra pelo lado dos Aliados. Ele subsequentemente ficou estacionado na ilha deem Corfu até o final da guerra, pouco fazendo no decorrer desse período, com a exceção de abater um zepelim alemão sobre Salonica em maio de 1916. A guerra terminou em 1918 e o Vérité não foi mais utilizado em nenhuma operação, sendo colocado na reserva em agosto no ano seguinte, descomissionado em maio de 1921 e enviado para desmontagem logo em seguida.

Bibliografia

Ligações externas

Classe Liberté
Navios de 1907
Navios construídos na França
Couraçados da Marinha Nacional Francesa
Couraçados da França na Primeira Guerra Mundial

Vérité (couraçado)


Nikola Bizanti (18. st.), hrvatski pravnik iz Crne Gore.

Iz obitelji Bizanti, plemićke obitelji Hrvata iz Kotora.

U rukopisu je ostavio danas samo po naslovu poznat spis u više svezaka Repertorio di tutti gli atti del Foro di Cattaro, odn. Regesta omnium actum Fori Cathari. Sudeći po sadržaju, Bizanti je valjda bio pravnik. Između niza istoimenjaka, koji se javljaju u kotorskim dokumentima u 18. st. mogao bi biti istovjetan s onim odvjetnikom u parnici iz 1782., ili s jednim od trojice navedenih u popisu gradskih obitelji (notarski spisi iz 1782.).

LIT.: Franjo Marija Appendini: Memorie spettanti ad alcuni uomini illustri di Cattaro. Dubrovnik 1811, 17. — Giuseppe Valentinelli: Specimen bibliographicum de Dalmatia et Agro Labeatium. Venetiis 1842, 27. — Miloš I. Milošević: Prilozi za istoriju zanata u Kotoru. Istoriski zapisi, 9(1956) XII/1–2, str. 91, 92. — Risto Kovijanić: Izumiranje kotorske vlastele. Ibid., str. 331.

Izvori

Bizanti
Hrvati u Crnoj Gori
Pravnici

Nikola Bizanti


Frederick Lee "Freddie" Frith (30 mai 1909 - 24 mai 1988 Grimsby , Lincolnshire , Angleterre) était un champion du monde de course de vitesse en catégorie . Il a été le  champion du monde de la catégorie lors de sa création en 1949.

Ancien tailleur de pierre et plus tard revendeur de motos à Grimsby, c'était un pilote rapide cinq fois vainqueur du TT de l'île de Man.

Frith a été l'un des rares pilotes à remporter des courses du TT avant et après la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

Il a été fait officier de l'Ordre de l'Empire britannique (Officer of the British Empire - OBE).

Carrière en course

Les débuts au TT
Frith participe à sa première course importante, le premier Grand Prix de Manx en 1930 au guidon d'une Velocette KTT de  dans l'épreuve junior, terminant troisième à la vitesse de . Il abandonne en  sur casse moteur, alors qu'il occupait la troisième place.

Il remporte le Grand Prix Junior Manx en 1935, puis rejoint l'équipe Norton pour les courses du TT de 1936. La combinaison est judicieuse car il remporte le Junior TT et termine deuxième du Senior TT tout en remportant le Championnat d'Europe .

En 1937, il a fait mieux en senior en remportant une brillante victoire et ayant réalisé le premier tour à plus de  du .

Après avoir terminé troisième du Senior TT de 1939, il a raté le TT 1947 en raison d'un accident à l'entraînement sur une Moto Guzzi .

Passant aux Velocettes en 1948, il remporte la Junior Race, réitérant ce succès un an plus tard.

En championnat du monde
Freddie Frith a été le tout premier champion du monde de la catégorie  en 1949, remportant les cinq épreuves de la campagne inaugurale.

Il gagne au TT - qui compte pour la première fois en championnat du monde - puis en Suisse malgré un mauvais départ, au « Dutch TT », en Belgique (dont il partage le point  du record du tour avec Bob Foster), en Ulster et en Italie, il court sur des Velocette, en utilisant un moteur à arbre à cames en tête unique pour la  lors du Grand Prix d'Ulster.

Freddie Frith n'aura été en activité en GP qu'en 1949 et seulement sur des Velocette.  Il effectue sa  course et  victoire en  au TT de l'Île de Man et sa dernière course et dernière victoire en Ulster. Il totalise 38 points (dont 5 en ) et effectue 4 fois le meilleur tour en course.

Autres activités
Après l'abandon de sa carrière sportive, il se consacre à son magasin de motos de Grimsby.

Frith, aux côtés d'autres coureurs des équipes BSA, Ariel et Matchless, a servi dans l'armée pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale à l'école de conduite et d'entretien d'infanterie stationnée à Keswick, où des officiers et des sous-officiers apprenaient à faire du cross-country. Le sergent Freddie Frith a enseigné à des équipes de quatre soldats sur des Norton 500 autour du mont Skiddaw par tous les temps, avec des cours sur route ouverte en fin de stage.

Résultats en Grand Prix Moto

Système de points 1949. Seuls les points de 3 courses sur 5 (ou 6) étaient retenus.

Références

Pilote de moto britannique
Naissance en mai 1909
Décès en mai 1988
Champion du monde de vitesse moto

Freddie Frith


Jernhenrik, Jern Henrik eller Jern-Henrik har flere specialiseringer:
 Øgenavn for Henrik 2. af Holsten.
 Frøkongen eller Jernhenrik (Grimms eventyr)
 Jern-Henrik (USA-tegneserie) - engelsk Dennis the Menace.
 Jern-Henrik (britisk tegneserie) - engelsk Dennis the Menace.
 Jern Henrik (kortfilm)

Jernhenrik


Martín Fiz (d. 3 Mart 1963, Vitoria), uzun mesafede yarışan İspanyol koşucu.

Helsinki, Finlandiya'da gerçekleşen 1994 Avrupa Atletizm Şampiyonası'nın maraton dalında şampiyon olup bu başarısını Göteborg, İsveç'teki 1995 Dünya Atletizm Şampiyonası'nda tekrarladı. Atlanta, Georgia, ABD'de gerçekleşen 1996 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nın maratonundan 4. geldi. Atina, Yunanistan'daki 1997 Dünya Atletizm Şampiyonası'ndaysa yurttaşı Abel Anton'un arkasından gümüş madalyanın sahibi oldu.

Yaşayan insanlar
1963 doğumlular
İspanyol uzun mesafe koşucuları
İspanyol maraton koşucuları
1992 Yaz Olimpiyatları atletleri
1996 Yaz Olimpiyatları atletleri
2000 Yaz Olimpiyatları atletleri
İspanyol Olimpiyat atletleri

Martín Fiz


2:22 este un film thriller științifico-fantastic americano-australian din 2017, regizat de , după un scenariu de Nathan Parker și Todd Stein. Filmul prezintă controlorul de trafic aerian Dylan Branson, care, datorită unei lumini misterioase de la ora 2:22, este blocat pentru câteva clipe și împiedică în ultimul moment coliziunea a două avioane și care apoi se întâlnește cu Sarah, cu care trebuie să rezolve misterul încrucișării destinelor lor. Filmul îi are în rolurile principale  pe ,  și . A fost lansat în cinematografe și VOD la 30 iunie 2017.

Prezentare

Distribuție
 Michiel Huisman - Dylan Branson
 Teresa Palmer - Sarah
 Sam Reid - Jonas
 Duncan Ragg - Jake
 Jessica Clarke - Evelyn
 Jack Ellis - Noah
 John Waters - Bill
 Maeve Dermody - Sandy
 Mitchell Butel - Howard Hutton
 Remy Hii - Benny
 Richard Davies - Inky
 Kerry Armstrong - Catherine
 Simone Kessell - Serena
 Zara Michales - Ellie
 George Papura - New York Tradesman

Note

Legături externe

Filme din 2017
Filme thriller din anii 2010
Filme de mister
Filme americane
Filme australiene
Filme SF din anii 2010Filme SF americaneFilme SF australiene

2:22


La Ruta Nacional Nº 101 es una de las carreteras nacionales de Uruguay, su trazado se extiende completamente en el departamento de Canelones.

Características
Esta carretera si bien se encuentra en el departamento de Canelones, forma parte de los accesos este de la ciudad de Montevideo. Conecta Avenida de las Américas a la altura de la rotonda del viejo aeropuerto de Carrasco, con las rutas Interbalnearia, 102, 8 y la ciudad de Pando.

Anteriormente la ruta 101 comenzaba en el puente del arroyo Carrasco como continuación de Avenida Italia de Montevideo, pero en 1966 ese tramo pasó a denominarse Avenida de las Américas hasta la rotonda de acceso a la antigua terminal del Aeropuerto Internacional de Carrasco.

La ruta presenta una doble calzada, separadas por un cantero central.

Importancia económica
La ruta 101 se está consolidando como un importante eje logístico e industrial; la construcción de la ruta 102 contribuyó a este fenómeno.

Recorrido
Detalle del recorrido según el kilometraje:
 km 19.000: extremo sur, rotonda del antiguo Aeropuerto de Carrasco.
 SO: Avenida Wilson Ferreira Aldunate a Paso Carrasco y Montevideo.
 SE: Avenida de las Américas a Barra de Carrasco y Montevideo.
 NO: acceso a terminal de cargas del Aeropuerto Internacional de Carrasco.
 km 19.500: Avenida Calcagno a Ciudad de la Costa.
 km 20.000: acceso a la terminal de pasajeros del Aeropuerto Internacional de Carrasco.
 km 21.000:
 Acceso a Avenida Aerosur (Ciudad de la Costa).
 Empalme con  al Este.
 km 22.000: empalme Nicolich.
 Oeste: Ruta 102 a , ,
 km 23.500: zona franca Parque de las Ciencias.
 km 25.000: Villa Aeroparque.
 km 26.000: Camino de los Aromos a
 km 31.000: Escuela Militar de Aeronáutica.
 km 33.000: extremo norte, empalme con
 NE: a Pando y este.
 SO: a Barros Blancos y Montevideo.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 101
Carreteras en el Departamento de Canelones
Transporte General Líber Seregni
Transporte de Pando

Ruta 101 (Uruguay)


Munster ili Munster-Géromé je vrsta francuskog mekanog sira podrijetlom iz Vogeza i elzaškog Münstertala (Vallée de Munster), danas dijela francuske regije Grand Est.

Francuski sirevi
Kravlji sirevi

Munster (sir)


Oakley George Kelly (3 décembre 1891 - 5 juin 1966) était un pilote recordman de la United States Army Air Service.

Biographie
Il est né le 3 décembre 1891 en Pennsylvanie et a grandi à Grove City.

En mai 1922, le lieutenant Oakley G. Kelly et le lieutenant John Arthur Macready ont reçu le Trophée Mackay pour avoir battu le record mondial d'endurance aérienne et être restés en altitude pendant 36 heures, 4 minutes et 32 secondes.

Le 2 mai 1923, les lieutenants Kelly et Macready ont fait voler leur Fokker T-2 monomoteur à aile haute de l'armée sur  de Mitchel Field, New York à Rockwell Field, initialement appelé Signal Corps Aviation School, North Island, San Diego, Californie en un temps officiel de 26 heures, 50 minutes et 38 secondes, établissant le record du vol transcontinental par un avion plus lourd que l'air remportant le Trophée Mackay de 1923.

En octobre 1924, Kelly a dirigé Ezra Meeker le long des voies de la Piste de l'Oregon afin de susciter un soutien pour le marquage et la préservation de la route historique en utilisant le même avion dans lequel Kelley avait établi le record : un Fokker T-2 de l'armée, monomoteur à aile haute. Voyageant en avion à 100 miles par heure, Meeker a parcouru en une heure la même distance qui lui avait pris une semaine à parcourir en chariot tiré par des bœufs à 2 miles par heure.

Entre 1924 et 1929, Kelly est le commandant d'escadron du 321e escadron d'observation à Pearson Field, Vancouver, Washington. Kelly prend sa retraite du service militaire en tant que colonel le 31 mars 1948. Il est décédé à l'âge de 74 ans à San Diego, Californie en 1966.

Références

Personnalité liée à la Pennsylvanie
Aviateur américain
Colonel de l'United States Air Force
Militaire américain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Record d'altitude
Naissance en décembre 1891
Décès en juin 1966
Décès à San Diego
Décès à 74 ans

Oakley George Kelly


Angerhof (früher auch Karbach genannt) ist ein Gemeindeteil der Stadt Herrieden im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geographie
Das Einöde liegt am Charbach, einem rechten Zufluss der Wieseth, und ist mittlerweile in der Feuchtwangener Straße des Gemeindeteils Elbersroth aufgegangen. 0,75 km südlich des Ortes liegt das Gräbenwindener Holz, ca. 0,5 km südwestlich erhebt sich der Hirschberg. Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Elbersroth zur Kreisstraße AN 36 (0,3 km nördlich) bzw. zur AN 37 (0,8 km südlich).

Geschichte
Angerhof lag im Fraischbezirk des ansbachischen Oberamtes Feuchtwangen. 1732 gab es einen Hof, der das eichstättische Vogtamt Aurach als Grundherrn hatte. An diesen Verhältnissen hatte sich bis zum Ende des Alten Reiches nichts geändert. Von 1797 bis 1808 unterstand der Ort dem Justiz- und Kammeramt Feuchtwangen.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jahrhundert) wurde Angerhof dem Steuerdistrikt Weinberg und der Ruralgemeinde Elbersroth zugeordnet. Im Zuge der Gebietsreform wurde Angerhof am 1. Juli 1971 nach Herrieden eingemeindet.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist römisch-katholisch geprägt und nach St. Jakobus der Ältere (Elbersroth) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner evangelisch-lutherischer Konfession waren ursprünglich nach Christuskirche (Herrieden) gepfarrt, heute ist die Pfarrei St. Wenzeslaus (Wieseth) zuständig.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Ortsteil von Herrieden
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Einzelsiedlung

Angerhof (Herrieden)


William Lassell (Bolton, Engleska, 18. lipnja 1799. – Maidenhead, Engleska, 5. listopada 1880.), engleski astronom

Nakon trgovačkog obrazovanja vodio je pivovaru. Gospodarski uspjeh te pivovare omogućio mu je baviti se astronomijom. Blizu Liverpoola sagradio je zvjezdarnicu s 60 centimetarskim reflektorskim teleskomom, koji je postao poznat po svom novom ekvatorskom montiranju do jednostavnog ažuriranja zvjezdanog neba. Optike je sagradio i pričvrstio strojevima koje je sam konstruirao.

Otkrio je 1846. godine Triton, najveći Neptunov mjesec.

Neovisno od Williama Crancha Bonda otkrio je 1848. godine Hiperion, Saturnov mjesec.

1849. godine dobio je Zlatnu medalju Kraljevskoga astronomskog društva.

Kad je britanska kraljica Viktorija posjetila Liverpool 1851., Lassell je bio jedina osoba koju je izričito htjela sresti. 1855. godine sagradio je 120 centimetarski teleskop, koji je zbog boljih promatračkih uvjeta postavio na otok Maltu.

Godine 1858. otkrio je Umbriel i Ariel, dva mjeseca planeta Urana.

Od 1870. do 1872. bio je predsjednik Kraljevskoga astronomskog društva.

Njemu u čast nazvani su krateri na Mjesecu (Lassell) i Marsu (Lassell) te asteroid 2636 Lassell.

Vanjske poveznice
(engleski) Klima-luft.de Wolfgang Steinicke o Williamu Lassellu
 (eng.) Radovi W. Lassella na Astrophysics Data Systemu
 (eng.) W. Lassell na Astrophysics Data Systemu
 (eng.) Životopis
 (nje) spektrum.de: Wer war's? Bierbrauen für die Forschung, Sterne und Weltraum, veljača 2013., pdf
 (nje.) N.N.: Osmrtnica Astronomische Nachrichten, Bd. 98 (1880), S. 207 (Nachruf auf W. Lassell)

Britanski astronomi

William Lassell


The University System of Georgia (USG) is the government agency that includes 26 public institutions of higher learning in the U.S. state of Georgia.  The system is governed by the Georgia Board of Regents.  It sets goals and dictates general policy to educational institutions as well as administering the Public Library Service of the state which includes 58 public library systems.  The USG also dispenses public funds (allocated by the state's legislature) to the institutions but not the lottery-funded HOPE Scholarship.  The USG is the sixth largest university system in the United States by total student enrollment, with 333,507 students in 26 public institutions.  USG institutions are divided into four categories: research universities, regional comprehensive universities, state universities, and state colleges.

The system designates four institutions as "research universities": Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Georgia, Augusta University, and Georgia State University. The University of Georgia is the state and system's flagship university, the state's oldest institution of higher learning, and one of the state's two land-grant universities. After its 2016 merger with Georgia Perimeter College, Georgia State University became the largest institution of higher learning in the USG, with over fifty thousand students. University of North Georgia is the state's designated military school. There are three historically black schools housed within the USG: Savannah State University, Albany State University, and the state's second land-grant university, Fort Valley State University.

In 2012, all USG institutions combined had a $14.1 billion economic impact on the state of Georgia. Georgia Tech in Atlanta and University of Georgia in nearby Athens had the largest impacts on their regional economies: $2.6 billion and 20,869 jobs at Georgia Tech and $2.2 billion and 22,196 jobs at the University of Georgia. Georgia State University's central campus in Atlanta had a $1.6 billion economic impact with 13,736 jobs; given its merger with Perimeter College, with an economic impact of $600 million, Georgia State's overall economic impact on the Atlanta metro area is $2.2 billion.

History

Early years
The University System of Georgia was created with the passage of the Reorganization Act of 1931 by the Georgia General Assembly in 1931. The Reorganization Act created a Board of Regents to oversee the state's colleges and universities and the 26 boards of trustees that had provided oversight over the various institutions before passage of the act. The Board of Regents officially took office on January 1, 1932, and consisted of eleven members to be appointed by the Governor of Georgia pending approval from the Georgia Senate. The Governor held an ex officio position on the Board. The regents were to elect a chairman and select a secretary. One regent was appointed from each of Georgia's ten congressional districts and the eleventh member was chosen at large.

Governor Richard Russell Jr.'s initial appointees included Cason Jewell Callaway Sr., Martha Berry, Richard Russell Sr. (the governor's father), George C. Woodruff, William Dickson Anderson Sr. (1873–1957), Egbert Erle Cocke Sr. (1895–1977) and Philip Robert Weltner Sr. (1887–1981).  Anderson was elected chairman, Weltner vice-chairman and Cocke was appointed as the secretary/treasurer.  Prior to the Reorganization Act, Georgia university chief executives held the title of chancellor; however, after the Act, University heads were given the title of president and a new chancellor position was created. The USG chancellor was selected and overseen by the board. At the request of the regents, Charles Snelling, the presiding head of the University of Georgia (UGA), stepped down from his position at UGA to become the initial chancellor of the entire system.

The 1932 Annual Report for the Board stated outstanding debts of $1,074,415. Over the next few years the USG endeavored to transform the state's institutions of higher learning, reorganizing schools, merging and closing others and transforming course offerings and curriculum.

Modern history
In 2011, Chancellor Hank Huckaby recommended four consolidations among eight institutions, which would be implemented in 2013. The same year, the Board of Regents adopted six "Principles for Consolidation", which has led to multiple consolidations in the subsequent years. As of 2018, these consolidations have decreased the number of USG colleges and universities from 35 to 26.

On April 1, 2022, former Georgia Governor and United States Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue became the system's 14th Chancellor.

Additionally, the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography was aligned with the University of Georgia, which became effective July 1, 2013.

In Fall 2018, the university system saw enrollment reach an all-time high of 328,712 students enrolled across the system's 26 colleges and universities. On March 6, 2019, an Atlanta court upheld a USG policy barring unauthorized immigrants from attending Georgia State, Georgia Tech, and the University of Georgia. In regards to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, the USG decided against making wearing face coverings mandatory for the Fall 2020 semester before deciding to mandate them.

Georgia Research Alliance
The Georgia Research Alliance is an Atlanta, Georgia-based nonprofit organization that coordinates research efforts between Georgia's public and private sectors. While GRA receives a state appropriation for investment in university-based research opportunities, its operations are funded through foundation and industry contributions. In its first 19 years, GRA leveraged $525 million in state funding into $2.6 billion of additional federal and private investment.

In 2007, GRA coalesced the strengths of several universities into a focused research effort built around new types of vaccines and therapeutics.

GRA Eminent Scholars

GRA Eminent Scholars are top scientists from around the world recruited by the Georgia Research Alliance. For each scholar, GRA invests $750,000 for an endowment, an amount that the research university matches in private funds on a minimum 1-1 basis. Eminent Scholars often bring a research team, significant federal funding and private support for their research. Georgia's investment in GRA Eminent Scholars has yielded more than $1 billion in outside grants and contracts for the state and helped to launch some 35 companies.

GRA's Cancer Initiative

After 10 years as an independent nonprofit organization, the Georgia Cancer Coalition became an initiative of the Georgia Research Alliance on January 18, 2012. The move was part of a larger effort to align Georgia's economic development assets in a more effective way.

GRA VentureLab

The Georgia Research Alliance set out to help launch companies around Georgian university research results, GRA launched its lead commercialization program, VentureLab, in 2002.

GRA also works with established Georgia companies through the Georgia Department of Economic Development and the Georgia Centers of Innovation in aerospace, logistics, life sciences, energy, agriculture and advanced manufacturing.  The COIs help find technology solutions to industry challenges, in part by connecting companies to leading-edge research at Georgia's universities.

From 2002 to 2010, GRA directed $19 million of state funding into VentureLab. During that time, more than 700 university inventions or discoveries have been evaluated for commercial potential. More than 107 active companies have been formed, which employ more than 650 Georgians. These companies have also attracted $460 million in equity investment and generated $77 million in revenue.

GRA Centers of Research Excellence

Centers of Research Excellence are collaborative and individual efforts that focus on one area of scientific research.

List of institutions

USG designations
USG classifies its institutions into four "functional sectors" based on each institution's specific mission and function:

 Research University: Doctoral-granting institutions classified by the Carnegie Classification as "very high" or "high" research activity (R1 and R2, respectively).
 Regional Comprehensive University: Institutions that offer undergraduate and master's-level degrees with some master's-dominant graduate programs.
 State University: Institutions that offer associate's, bachelor's, and master's degrees with limited, select doctoral programs.
 State College: Institutions that offer bachelor's and associate degrees with no graduate programs.

See also
 Student Advisory Council of Georgia – An organizational body composed of the student government presidents at each of the University System's institutions
 Technical College System of Georgia – A separate post-secondary education system which oversees Georgia's technical colleges
 List of colleges and universities in Georgia – A list of all colleges and universities in the state of Georgia

Notes

References

External links

G
1931 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Universities and colleges established in 1931

University System of Georgia


Rev. Francis Blomefield (23 July 170516 January 1752), FSA, Rector of Fersfield in Norfolk, was an English antiquarian who wrote a county history of Norfolk: An Essay Towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk. It includes detailed accounts of the City of Norwich, the Borough of Thetford and all parishes in the southernmost Hundreds of Norfolk, but he died before completing it. This was done by a friend, Rev. Charles Parkin. The Norfolk historian Walter Rye related that although no portrait of him was known to exist, Blomefield closely resembled the astronomer John Flamsteed, whose portrait was used to depict Blomefield on the frontispiece of one of his volumes. His history of Norfolk was reissued in London in 11 volumes by William Miller in 1805–1810, the last seven being by Parkin.

Origins
Francis Blomefield was born in the parish of Fersfield in the south of Norfolk on 23 July 1705, the eldest son of Henry Blomefield (1680-1732) of Winley Wood and Marketfield (free tenements which he purchased in 1724) within that parish and manor. He was described by the Norfolk historian Walter Rye as "a gentleman of independent means" and held a share of the advowson of Fersfield, to which he presented his son in 1729. His mother was Alice Batch (1677–1729), the daughter and heiress of John Batch, of King's Lynn in Norfolk. The Blomefield family had been established at Fersfield for at least six generations and claimed descent from Sir Henry Broumflete / Bromefilde, sent in 1433 by King Henry VI as one of the delegation to the Council of Basle.

Career
Blomefield was educated at the grammar schools at Diss and Thetford in Norfolk. In April 1724 he was admitted to Caius College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1727 and a Master of Arts degree in 1728. He was ordained a priest on 27 July 1729 by Thomas Tanner, then Chancellor of the Diocese of Norwich, later Bishop of St Asaph. Two days later, on 29 July 1729 he was appointed Rector of Hargham in Norfolk, by the patron Thomas Hare, and shortly afterwards on 13 September 1729 was appointed by his father, whose turn it was at that time as patron, as Rector of Fersfield.

As a boy of 15, Blomefield began recording monumental inscriptions from churches he visited in Norfolk, Suffolk and later Cambridgeshire. Whilst at college, he also kept genealogical and heraldic notes on local families. Soon after leaving university, he was collecting materials for an account of the antiquities of Cambridgeshire, but in 1732, this project was deferred when he was given access to the antiquary Peter Le Neve's collection of materials for the history of Norfolk by Le Neve's executor "Honest Tom" Martin.

In July 1733, Blomefield published his proposals for An Essay towards a Topographical History of Norfolk. While collecting information for his history, he discovered some of the Paston Letters. By 1736, he was ready to begin putting the results of his researches into type, assisted by his friend Charles Parkin, Rector of Oxborough. At the end of 1739, the first volume of Blomefield's History of Norfolk was completed; it was printed using his press at Fersfield, acquired for the purpose. The second volume, consisting of a detailed history of Norwich, was begun in 1741 and completed by 1745. The production of this volume took more than four years, and Blomefield seems to have lived in the city while it was being printed.

In 1751, Blomefield published Collectanea Cantabrigiensia, his Cambridgeshire notes. A fire is said to have destroyed the press and printing room, along with all the copies of his first volume, forcing Blomefield to start his work again.

He encountered many problems with his printers and engravers, and temporarily lost his notes for the volume about Diss Hundred when they were sent away for correction. He was two-thirds through his third volume of the history of Norfolk and had covered about 40 per cent of the county, when he contracted smallpox on a visit to London and died in Fersfield in January 1752.

Marriage and issue
On 1 September 1732, Blomefield married Mary Womock, daughter of Rev. Lawrence Womock, Rector of Castor by Yarmouth in Norfolk and Vicar of Buxton, a cousin of Lawrence Womock, Bishop of St Davids. An earlier Lawrence "Womack" had been Rector of Fersfield in 1609–1642, being preceded as such by Henry Womack and succeeded by Arthur Womack. By his wife Francis Blomefield had three daughters, two of whom survived to adulthood,. The four included Elizabeth Blomefield (born 1733), and Alice Blomefield (1735–1735), who died in infancy.

Succession
In 1871, Blomefield's property – worth more than £7000 – was inherited by a distant cousin, Rev. Leonard Jenyns, a clergyman and naturalist. It included  of land near the town of Diss in Norfolk. As a condition of inheritance, Jenyns was required to change his surname to Blomefield.

Completion of the History of Norfolk
The history of the remaining areas of Norfolk was completed by Blomefield's friend, the Rev. Charles Parkin in 1753–1765, but not in Blomefield's detailed and accurate manner. The remainder of volume 3 and two further volumes were published in King's Lynn between 1769 and 1775. The entire work was subsequently reprinted in 11 quarto volumes by the London publisher William Miller in London between 1805 and 1810.

According to Rye, Parkin died before the volumes were sent to be published – they had to be completed by "some bookseller's hack" in King's Lynn.

Assessment
Blomefield's History of Norfolk was both detailed and largely reliable and comparable with the best county histories of the period. There is little doubt that in compiling his book Blomefield had frequent recourse to existing historical collections of the antiquary Peter Le Neve, John Kirkpatrick of Norwich and the Bishop of St Asaph, Thomas Tanner, his own work being to some extent one of expansion and addition, despite some extensive collections of his own.

According to Rye, writing for the Dictionary of National Biography in 1886, Blomefield's volumes are "an enduring monument of hard disinterested work, for it was wholly a labour of love, and as far as the facts chronicled it is usually very trustworthy." However, Rye also noted that Blomefield believed – and published – the fabricated accounts in a series of family histories, and that the work contained numerous errors, lacked details and failed to provide accurate etymological definitions.

David Stoker, writing for the revised Oxford Dictionary of National Biography in 2004, felt that Rye had treated Blomefield's reputation "shabbily", emphasising his personal failings and the inevitable errors and misinterpretations in his history. Stoker concludes, "Given the period and circumstances in which [Blomefield] was at work, and the immensity of his task, his was a great achievement. His weakness was in underestimating what he had taken on. There has as yet been no other history of Norfolk on a comparable scale, and it remains the standard work."

Hassell Smith and Roger Virgoe in 1994 saw Blomefield's History "one of the great county histories and... still the only major history of Norfolk.... [T]he volumes on Norwich still remain the fullest account of the development of the institutions and antiquities, secular and ecclesiastical, of the city."

List of works
An Essay Towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk containing a description of the towns, villages and hamlets, with the foundations of monasteries, churches, chapels, chantries, and other religious buildings, and an account of the ancient and present state of all the rectories, vicarages, donatives and impropriations, their former and present patrons and incumbents with their several valuations in the king's books whether discharged or not; likewise, an historical account of the castles, seats and manors, their present and ancient owners together with the epitaphs, inscriptions, and arms, in all the parish churches and chapels with several draughts of churches, monuments, arms, ancient ruins and other relicks of antiquity collected out of ledger books, registers, records, evidences, deeds, court rolls and other authentick memorials. 11 volumes published by William Miller, 1805–1810:
Volume 1, London, 1805 (Hundreds of Diss, Shropham and Guiltcross)(archive.org text)  (British History Online text)
Volume 2, London, 1805 (Hundreds of Grimshoe, Wayland and Forehoe and Borough of Thetford) 2 (archive.org text) 2 (British History Online text) index]
Volume 3, London, 1806, The History of the City and County of Norwich, Part 1  (British History Online text)
Volume 4, London, 1806, The History of the City and County of Norwich, Part 2  (archive.org text)]  (British History Online text)
Volume 5, London, 1806, Hundreds of Depwade, Earsham, Henstead and Humble  (archive.org text)  (British History Online text) index
Volume 6, London, 1807 (Hundreds of South Erpingham and South Greenhoe) (British History Online text)
Volume 7 (by Charles Parkin), London, 1807 (Hundreds of Brother Cross, Gallow, Blofield, Clackclose)  (archive.org text)  (British History Online text) index
Volume 8 (by Charles Parkin), London, 1808 (Hundreds of Clavering, Eynford, Freebridge and North Erpingham) (archive.org text)  (British History Online text) index
Volume 9 (by Charles Parkin), London, 1808 (Hundreds of Freebridge, Happing, Holt, Launditch and North Greenhow (archive.org text)  (British History Online text) index
Volume 10 (by Charles Parkin), London, 1809 (Hundreds of Launditch, Loddon, Mitford, Smethdon and Taverham) (archive.org text)  (British History Online text) index
Volume 11 (by Charles Parkin), London, 1810 (Hundreds of West Flegg, East Flegg, Walsham and Tunstead) (archive.org text)  (British History Online text) index

Notes

References

Sources

External links to works

History of Norfolk at British History Online
Collectanea Cantabrigiensa (1751) at the Internet Archive

18th-century English historians
English antiquarians
18th-century antiquarians
People from South Norfolk (district)
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Deaths from smallpox
1705 births
1752 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in England
People educated at Thetford Grammar School
Historians of Norfolk

Francis Blomefield


Carlotta Sesjak (Witten, 24. travnja 2006.) hrvatsko-njemačka je nogometašica koja igra na položaju vratara. Trenutačno igra za SGS Essen.

Klupska karijera
Sesjak je nogometnu karijeru započela sa 7 godina u VfL Gennebrecku za kojeg je igrala od 2013. do 2015. Nakon toga prešla je u SG Lütgendortmund za kojeg je igrala od 2015. do 2016. Godine 2016. prelazi u VfL Bochum za kojeg je igrala do 2022. Od 2022. nogometašica je SGS Essena.

Reprezentativna karijera
Sesjak je od 2021. članica hrvatske ženske nogometne reprezentacije do 17 godina.

U listopadu 2022. Sesjak je debitirala za žensku U19 u utakmici protiv Azerbajdžana.

Osobni život
Sesjak je od 2012. do 2016. pohađala Carolinenschule u Bochumu i od 2016. Ruhr-Gymnasium Witten.

Izvori

Hrvatski nogometaši
Hrvatske nogometne reprezentativke

Carlotta Sesjak


Germanska umjetnost označava umjetnička djela germanskih naroda koja nastaje u predrimskom razdoblju željeznog doba u sjevernoj Europi, a koja se uobličila tijekom velike seobe naroda (oko 300. – 900.) u kontinentalnoj Europi. Nakon pokrštavanja germanskih naroda u ranom srednjem vijeku, germanska umjetnost se podijelila u različite regionalne škole, kao npr. anglosaksonska umjetnost i karolinška umjetnost, prije nego što je došlo do razvoja stilova koji su obuhvaćali cijeli kontinent kao što je romanika i kasnije gotika.

Tri su stila dominantna u germanskoj umjetnosti: polikromni stil nastao kod Gota nastanjenih u području oko Crnog mora i animalni stil, tipičan za područje skandinavskih zemalja, sjeverne Njemačke i Engleske. Posljednji je insularna umjetnost ili hiberno-saksonska umjetnost koja je nastala fuzijom anglosaksonske i keltske umjetnosti na Britanskom otočju.

Podrijetlo

Najsjeverniji dio Europe, današnje ravnice Danske i južna Skandinavija, je najvjerojatnije mjesto gdje su nastali Germani Ovo, još od neolitika, stabilno područje je oko 750. pr. Kr. postalo područje poprilično uobličene kulture koja se širila na jug prema obalnim ravnicama između rijeka Elbe i Odre. U antici, rimski autori su sva plemena sjeverno i istočno od Galije (današnji Luksemburg, Belgija, Nizozemska i zapadna Njemačka), nazivali "Germanima", ne zbog njihova zajedničkog germanskog jezika već zbog toga što su ih smatrali većim barbarima od keltskih Gala. Ova plemena su odigrala važnu ulogu u rimskoj povijesti tijekom tzv. "rimsko-germanskih ratova" od 113. pr. Kr., što je vrhunac doživjelo u Bitci u Teutoburškoj šumi 9. godine, nakon čega su se Rimljani povukli iz Germanije, koja je tijekom Rimskog Carstva razvijala svoju zasebnu kulturu i mitologiju.

Barbarska umjetnost

U 3. stoljeću Rimsko Carstvo zapada u krizu i gotovo se raspada, a njegova vojska po etničkom sastavu postaje sve više germanska. Nakon što su Huni u 4. stoljeću potisnuli Germane prema zapadu, oni su provalili kroz rimske granice i postupno se naselili unutar Carstva (Gotski rat (377. – 382.). Vizigoti naseljavaju najprije Italiju, potom Španjolsku, na sjeveru Franci naseljavaju Galiju i zapadnu Njemačku, a u 5. stoljeću skandinavski narodi kao Angli, Sasi i Juti osvajaju i naseljavaju Britansko otočje. Nakon ratova s Germanima (Vandalskog rata (533. – 534.) i Gotskog rata (535.-554.) koncem 6. stoljeća na teritoriju Zapadnog Rimskog Carstva postoji niz malih politički manje organiziranih germanskih kraljevstva.

Premda ta kraljevstva nisu nikad bila homogena, dijelila su zajedničke kulturalne odlike. Arheološki nalazi ne pokazuju postojanje tradicije monumentalnih građevina i skulptura od trajnih materijala, ali zato pokazuju preferenciju "mobilnoj" umjetnosti za osobnu upotrebu i s praktičnom primjenom, kao npr. oružje, opremu za jahanje, alat i nakit koji je i služio kao kopča za odjeću. Sačuvani umjetnički predmeti germanskih naroda su gotovo uvijek osobni predmeti i nakit, a oji se prije prijelaza na kršćanstvo zakapao s pokojnikom. Većina umjetničkih predmeta izrađena od organskih materijala nije se očuvala.

Iz ovog razdoblja potječu i izvori germanskih epova kao što su Beowulf i Pjesma o Nibelunzima.

Polikromni stil

Tijekom 2. stoljeća među Gotima iz južne Rusije razvilo se veliko zanimanje za ukrasne figure od zlata i predmete ukrašene dragim kamenjem. Ovaj umjetnički stil je naslijedio skitsku umjetnost i umjetnost Sarmaćana, uz nešto grčko-rimskog utjecaja, a bio je popularan i u Huna. Vjerojatno najpoznatiji primjeri datiraju iz 4. stoljeća, pronađeni su u Rumunjskoj i poznati su danas kao Pietroaselsko blago, među kojim je pronađen i veliki broš s motivom zlatnog orla (vidi sliku). Motiv orla dolazi iz Istočne Azije i preuzet je u vrijeme kad su preci Gota bili dio Hunskog Carstva. Isti je motiv vidljiv gotičkoj kopči pojasa u obliku orla iz 4. vijeka (vidi sliku) iz južne Rusije.

Goti su donijeli svoj umjetnički stil u Italiju, južnu Francusku i Španjolsku. Najpoznatiji primjer je ostrogotska fibula u obliku orla iz esene u Italiji, danas u muzeju u Nürnbergu. Drugi primjer je vizigotska polikromna votivna kruna Rekesvinta, vizigotskog kralja Toleda iz oko 670., pronađena u Fuente de Guarrazaru, u blizini Toleda. Popularnost stila potvrđena je i otkrićem polikromnog mača (slika) u grobnici franačkog kralja Childerica I. (umro oko 481., puno sjevernije od Alpa).

Animalni stil

Švedski arheolog Bernhard Salin je 1904. podijelio animalni stil "germanskih zoomorfnih dekoracija", koji je trajao otprilike od 400. do 900. godine, na tri faze. Uzroci promjena koji su doveli do formiranja triju faza još su uvijek predmet diskusija, a objašnjavaju se uglavnom promjenama trendova u kasnorimskoj umjetnosti u provincijama i utjecaju tradicija nomadskih stepskih plemena. Prvi stil se pojavljuje u sjeverozapadnoj Europi i oblikuje se u zapaženi zasebni stil s uvođenjem tehnike chipcarving (njem. kerbschnitt), plitkog urezivanja površine metala sličnom onome u drvorezu. Ova se tehnika koristila za obradu srebra i zlata u 5. stoljeću. Karakteriziraju ga prikazi životinja čija su tijela podijeljena u sekcije i pojavljuju se na predmetima na kojima dominiraju apstraktni ukrasi. Nakon 560. – 570. prvi stil se polako gubi i zamjenjuje ga drugi kod kojega se životinje prikazuju u cijelosti, ali njihovo je tijelo izduženo tako da formira "trake" koje se isprepliću u simetrične oblike. Životinjski ukrasi nisu imali za cilj vjerni prikaz životinjskog tijela, često nisu prikazane noge pa se obično opisuju kao "zmije", iako glave prikazuju druge životinje. Prikaz životinjskog tijela je podređen ukrasnim motivima, tipično se koristi motiv isprepletenosti često formirajući oblik srca ili sl., poput primjera na anglosaksonskom poklopcu vrećice iz Sutton Hooa, 7. st.
Salinov stil III. nalazi se uglavnom na Skandinavskom poluotoku i poznat je kao vikinška umjetnost.

Kršćanski utjecaj

Nakon što se krajem 7. stoljeća pokrštavanje germanskih naroda bližilo kraju, Crkva postaje najznačajniji pokrovitelj umjetnosti i naručitelj iluminiranih rukopisa i drugih liturgijskih predmeta. Na primjer, merovinški kodeks Gelazjanski sakramentarij iz 8. stoljeća ne sadrži elemente animalnog stila već koristi mediteranske motive riba kako bi izgradio inicijale na početku poglavlja.
Prema nalazima vidljivo je jasno opadanje germanskih načina ukrašavanja i povećanje mediteranskog utjecaja. Ovaj je proces bio brz kod Gota u Italiji i Španjolskoj, ali znatno sporiji kod sjevernijih naroda. Od tada već govorimo o predromanici, kao uvodu u prvi sve-europski stil - romaniku.

Arhitektura

Nesposobni za održavanje monumentalne arhitekture od trajnijih materijala nomadski narodi su riješili spajajući oblike bizantske arhitekture iz Sredozemlja s tradicijskom arhitekturom germanskih kraljevstava od drveta.
Goti i Franci su svoje crkve oblikovali kao trobrodne bazilike s polukružnom apsidom i središnjom prostorijom s kupolom i krstionicom. U nekim slučajevima prostorna raspodjela obogaćena je galerijom. Ostrogoti su u Ravenni svoje zgrade bogato ukrasili mozaicima (Arijanska krstionica, Neonova krstionica, Teodorikov mauzolej i palača). Vizigotska arhitektura u Španjolskoj ima neobičnu uporabu potkovičastog luka, s crkvenim brodovima različitih visina, a neke imaju uporabu tlocrta latinskog križa.

U središnjoj Europi mediteranski oblici se uvode kasnije, nakon osnivanja prvih samostana (paradoksalno, temelji redovničkog života su s germanskog područja - britanskog otočja, te se u Njemačkoj nazivaju Schottenklöster - "škotski samostan"). Takvi su Opatija Luxeuil (Francuska 585.), Kneževska opatija St. Gallen (Švicarska, 613.), Opatija Echternach (Luksemburg, 698.), Opatija Fulda (Njemačka, 744.), Opatija Lier (Belgija, 750.), Opatija Lorsch (Njemačka, 764.). Zajedničke su im uporaba kamena i drveta s kamenim krovovima zabata uokvireni cilindričnim kulama, slično drevnim nadgrobnim spomenicima. Kasnije, u skandinavskim zemljama, hof (predkršćanski germanski hram) se pretvara u crkvu zadržavajući oblike i materijale (nor. stavkirke), kao što je Urneška drvena crkva (vikinška umjetnost).

Vojna arhitektura se sastojala od drvenih i blatnih zidina s kružnim opkopima i stražarnicma koje su kasnije evoluirale u tornjeve srednjovjekovnih dvoraca.

Izvori

Umjetnost starog vijeka
umjetnost
Predromanika

Germanska umjetnost


රට යකුම හෙවත් රිද්දියාගය සිංහල ශාන්තිකර්ම සම්ප්‍රදායේ පහතරට ප්‍රදේශයට ආවේණික ප්‍රධාන ශාන්තිකර්මයකි. මාතර හා බෙන්තර  ප්‍රදේශ මුල් කරගෙන පැවැත්වෙයි. විවාහක දරුවන් අපේක්ෂිත කාන්තාවන් උදෙසා යකුන් අරභයා පැවැත්වෙන ශාන්තිකර්මයකි. රටයකුම ශාන්තිකර්මය සිංහල නර්තන සම්ප්‍රදායේ භාව පූර්ණ නෘත්‍ය ලක්ෂණ අන්තර්ගත එකම ශාන්තිකර්මය ලෙස ද(කෝට්ටගොඩ,1995)ගර්භ සංරක්ෂණ ශාන්ති කර්මයක් ලෙස ද හඳුන්වා ඇත.(කාරියවසම්,1976,41 පිටුව)

පැවැත්වීමේ අරමුණු
විවාහක, දරුවන් නොමැති  කාන්තාවන්ට දරුවන්  ලබා ගැනීම
දරු ගැබ් පිළිසි‍ඳෙන මුත් අතර මැද දරු ගැබ විනාශ වන කාන්තාවන්ගේ දරු ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීම
පිළිසිඳුණු දරු ගැබ ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට හා දරු උපත යෙහෙන් සිදු කර ගැනීම

උපත් කථාව
රටයකුම හෙවත් රිද්දියාගය ආරම්භ වී ඇත්තේ දරු දොළ උපතක් මුල් කර ගෙනය. එක් කථා පුවතකට අනුව මහාමේරුව පළාගෙන හටගත් ගිනි පුපුරු හතකින්  මුදුන්මාල, ධර්මපාල, ගිරිමේඛල, ඕන්කාර, රිද්දි, කොණ්ඩමාල, රණකපාල යන බිසෝවරු සත්දෙනෙක් උපන්හ. මොවුහු සොළොස් වයස පසු කළ මුත් දරුවන් නොලද බැවින් දරු උපත් අපේක්ෂාවෙන් වේදනාවෙන් කල් ගෙවූහ. දීපංකර බුදුන්ට නොඉඳුල් සලුවක් වියා පූජා කිරීමෙන් දරු සම්පත් ලැබෙන බව සිහිනෙන් දැක, එය ඉටු කර ගැනීමට කටයුතු කළහ. නේරංජනා නදියට ගොස් හිස නානු ගා ස්නානය කොට සලුපිළි හා ආභරණ පැළඳ, දලු බුලත් අනුභව කොට, නැව් නැග ලක්දිව උසන්ගොඩ ප්‍ර‍දේශයට ගොඩ බැස්සහ. එහිදී බිසෝවරු හේනක් කොටා, කපු වපුරා, අස්වැන්න ලබා සලුවක් වියා දීපංකර බුදුන්ට පූජා කළහ. එම අනුහසින් දරු ගැබ් පහළ වූ බව කියවෙයි. මෙම කථා පුවත ශාන්තිකර්මයේ දොළහ පෙළපාලිය හා කපුයක්කාරිය යන අංග ඔස්සේ නිරූපණය කෙරේ.

ඒ හා සම්බන්ධ වූ තවත් කථා පුවතකට අනුව දරු ගැබ් පහළ වීමෙන් පසු ආභරණ ඇල්ලට දිය නෑමට යාමේදී රොඩියෙකු ස්පර්ශ වීම නිසා බිසෝවරුන් ඇල්ලෙන් පැන මිය ගොස් යක්ෂණියන් වී උපත ලද බව කියවෙයි. දරුවන් කෙ‍රේ ආසාවෙන් මිය ගිය බැවින් කාන්තාවන්ට වඳ බව ඇති කෙරෙන බවත් සඳහන් වේ.

රටයකුම හා සම්බන්ධ පුරාවෘත්ත තවත් ආකාරයකින් ජනශැතියේ එයි. මහාමේරුව හෙවත් රන් ගිර කූටයේ හට ගත් ගින්නකින් රිද්දි බිසව උපන්නාය. වැඩිවියට පත් ඇය මහා බ්‍රහ්මයාගේ අඹුව බවට පත්වූ අතර දූවරුන් සත් දෙනෙකු ලැබුවාය. පසුව මහා බ්‍රහ්මයා ඇය අත්හැර දමා ගියෙන් තමා සමග උපන් අවශේෂ යකුන් සමග එක්ව වෙසමුණි රජුගේ පිරිසට එක් වූවාය. එහිදී ඇය වෙසමුණි රජුගෙන් වරමක් ගෙන කලු කුමාරයා සමග එක්ව කාන්තාවන්ට හා ළදරුවන්ට රෝග පමුණුවමින් දොළ පිදේනි ලැබීමට යොමු විය. ඔවුහු වෙසමුණි රජුගේ අණ නොසලකා කටයුතු කළ හෙයින් අසුරගිරි පර්වතයට නෙරපා හැර දොළොස් වසරක් දුක් වින්ඳහ. පසුව දීපංකර බුදුන්ගන් වරම් ගෙන කාන්තාවන් වඳ බවට පත් කර දොළ පිදේනි ගැනීමට යොමු වූ බව කියවේ.

රටයකුම පැවැත්වීමට පෙර අදාළ ආතුර කාන්තාව උදෙසා කලහ පේ කිරීම, ඇප නූල් බැඳීම යන චාරිත්‍ර ඉටු කෙරේ. සඳුදා, බදාදා යන දෙදිනයන්හි නොපවත්වයි. සැන්දෑ යාමයේ පටන් පසුදා පහන් වනතුරු තුන් සමයමකින් හෝ ඉරමුදුන් සමයම ද ඇතුලු ව  සමයම් හතරක පුද පෙත්වලින් සමන්විත වේ.

යොදා ගන්නා සැරසිලි පින්තූර
නව මල්පාය හෙවත් මල් මඩුව
කුමාර වීදිය
කුමාර පිදේනිය
කත්තිරික්ක හතරක්
සූනියම් වීදිය
කපාල කූඩුව
දැර හැව
නව මාලේ මල් බලිය
කලු කුමාර බලිය
දොළහ පෙළපාලිය හා කපුයක්කාරිය සඳහා අවශ්‍ය රංග භාණ්ඩ

පුද ලබන යක්කු
 කලු යකා
 කලුකුමාර යකා
 රට යක්කු
 රොඩී යක්කු
 තොට යකා
 රීරි යකා
 මහසෝනා
 බිල්ලේ යකා
 හූනියම් යකා
අභිමාන යකා

පූජා විධි රටාව

මාතර පළාත
ආතුරයා පන්දලට කැඳවීම
සූනියම් දේවතාවාට ආරාධනා කර සූනියම් වීදිය කැප කිරීම
කලු, තොටුපල, රීරි, සූනියම් සහ බිල්ලේ යකුන්ට පිදේනි කැප කිරීම
කුමාර පිදේනිය කැප කිරීම
කඩතුරා ඉවත් කොට කුමාර සමයම නැටීම
හත් පද නැටීම
හැන්දෑ සමයමේ යකුන්ගේ පිදේනි පාවා දීම
පැදුරේ දැපවිල්ල
වීදි කැප කර රිද්දි සමයම ඇරඹීම
විලක්කු ගසා වියන් රෙද්ද කැරකීම
දුම්මල කීල ගසා ගිනි සිසිල කිරීම
දුම්මල කන්නලව්ව, විලක්කු පද, මහා කවි තාලය, අඩව් ඇල්ලීම, දුම්මල පදය, බටගහේ පදය, ඊ ගහේ පදය, වටයක් පදය නැටීම
පිට වීදි කැප කිරීම හා මහා යාදින්න (මහ තේ වතුර)
හීන් තාලම් ආරම්භ කර කලාසම් පද, මල් පද, දේව පද, පස්ගම යකුන් පද නැටීම
පෙළපාලි දැක්වීම හා කොතලේ නැටවීම
නව මාලයේ පිදේනිය ඔප්පු කිරීම
නානු මුරය
කපුයක්කාරිය
දලු මුර ඔප්පු කිරීම
දරු නැළවීම
චාමර පද නැටීම
රිද්දි පිදේනිය කැප කිරීම
කුල්ලේ පිදේනිය කැප කිරීම
සන්නි පිදේනි ඔප්පු දීම, පාලි නැටීම, සන්නි නැටීම
මහා කලු කුමාර සමයම නැටීම හා අවතාර ඉගිල්ලීම
බලිය පාවා දීම
පින් බෙර ගැසීම, ආරක්ෂා නූල් බැඳීම

බෙන්තර පළාත
ආතුරයා පන්දලට කැඳවීම
නාථ, විෂ්ණු, සමන්, කතරගම හා පත්තිනි දෙවියන්ට මල් යහන් නැටීම
හැන්දෑ සමයමේ පුද ලබන කලු,රීරි,සූනියම් සහ සන්නි යකුන්ට දොළ දීම
කුමාර පිදේනිය කැප කිරීම
යකුන් නැටීම හා පිදේනි පාවා දීම
පැදුරේ දැපවිල්ල හා මරුවාගේ පැමිණීම
වීදි කැප කිරීම හා මහ සමයම ආරම්භ කිරීම
විලක්කු ගැසීම හා විලක්කු පද නැටීම
වියන් රෙද්ද නැටීම හා පන්දම් කීල ගැසීම
ගිනි සිසිල
මල්ලව අඩව්ව නැටීම
නව මාලය ඔප්පු කිරීම
දලු මුර ඔප්පු කිරීම
චාමර පද නැටීම
දොළහ පෙළපාලිය
කපුයක්කාරිය
දරු නැළවීම
දෙවොල් කුරුම්බර පිදේනිය කැප කිරීම
කුමාර සමයම නැටීම
කළස බිඳීම
ගෙවල් නිවීම
බලිය පාවා දීම
පින් බෙර ගැසීම/
සෙත් කිරීම හා ආරක්ෂා කිරීම

මූලාශ්‍ර

පහතරට ශාන්තිකර්ම

රටයකුම


Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo is a 1977 American sports adventure comedy film directed by Vincent McEveety and written by Arthur Alsberg and Don Nelson. The film is the third installment in the Herbie film series and the sequel to Herbie Rides Again (1974). In the film, Dean Jones returns as champion race car driver Jim Douglas (reprising his role from The Love Bug, the first film in the series), joined this time by his somewhat cynical and eccentric riding mechanic Wheely Applegate (Don Knotts). The film follows Douglas, Applegate, and Herbie as they participate in the fictional Trans-France Race, a road race from Paris, France, to Monte Carlo, Monaco.

Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo was followed by Herbie Goes Bananas (1980).

Plot

Jim Douglas, his partner and mechanic Wheely Applegate, and Herbie arrive in Paris to qualify for and compete in the Trans-France Race (a fictional version of the Monte Carlo Rally), in the hopes of staging a career comeback. The team has three major opponents in the race: Bruno Von Stickle (Eric Braeden), a German driver with experience in the "European Racing Circuit," Claude Gilbert (Mike Kulcsar), a French driver, and Diane Darcy (Julie Sommars), a beautiful young woman and the only female driver in the Trans-France Race.

Herbie falls in love at first sight with Giselle, Diane's sentient Lancia Scorpion. Diane initially hates Jim for what was apparently his, but actually was Herbie's knee-jerk behaviour that ruin her chances of succeeding during the first qualifying rounds, as the strong-willed Diane does not appear to believe in any cars that can be alive and have a mind of their own. Herbie and Giselle go on a 'date' together, and the following day both cars qualify successfully for the race, Herbie performing donuts across the line in a bid to impress Giselle.

Meanwhile, two diamond thieves, Max (Bernard Fox) and Quincey (Roy Kinnear), steal the famous Étoile de Joie (French for "Star of Joy") diamond and hide it in Herbie's fuel tank in order to avoid being captured by a swarm of searching policemen. They attempt to steal Herbie to retrieve the diamond, but Herbie causes them to blow every chance they get. The pair even threaten Jim and Wheely at gunpoint, an encounter from which Herbie manages to escape by driving through a gypsy camp and a building site. Wheely assumes Diane hired the two goons to knock them out of the race, causing a misunderstanding between Jim and Diane. Herbie is also taken into protection by the French police, headed by Inspector Bouchet (Jacques Marin) and his eager junior officer Fontenoy (Xavier Saint-Macary), causing them to miss the start of the race the following day. Giselle also refuses to start the race without Herbie, much to Diane's exasperation, but does so after Wheely lies to Giselle that Herbie has broken up with her. When Fontenoy eventually arrives with Herbie, Wheely also lies to Herbie that Giselle did the same to persuade Herbie to start the race, albeit from last place.

After numerous setbacks and delays, including another run in with the jewel thieves, Herbie, Jim and Wheely race back into contention. After Diane and Giselle crash into a lake, Herbie turns around and charges back to save them, after Jim reveals Wheely had lied to him. After being rescued by Herbie and Jim, Diane's attitude toward Jim softens, and Diane begins to understand that cars can have minds of their own. Herbie refuses to restart because of being determined to stay with Giselle, but Diane encourages Herbie not to relent in the quest for victory in the Trans-France Race, but not before Herbie makes Wheely get down on his knees and apologise for lying to him. With Diane now out of the race, Jim pursues Von Stickle through the streets of Monte Carlo, leading to a thrilling duel for the win. Herbie takes the lead by driving upside down on the tunnel roof of the Monaco Grand Prix Circuit, and Jim drives Herbie to victory.

After the race, it is revealed that Inspector Bouchet, also known as "Double X" as a code name to the thieves, is the real mastermind behind the museum robbery, though the motive of his scheme is revealed as he also threatens Jim and Wheely at gunpoint, only to be foiled by Herbie rolling onto his foot and knocking the gun out of his hands with his hood. Fontenoy, having himself unravelled the mystery of L'Étoile de Joie, has Bouchet clapped in handcuffs and arrested.

In the end, Jim and Diane begin to fall in love, as do Wheely and the Monte Carlo trophy girl. Most of all, Herbie and Giselle fall in love again as well, and celebrate Herbie's victory by watching a brilliant firework display over the Monte Carlo harbour.

Cast
 Dean Jones as James "Jim" Douglas
 Don Knotts as Cory "Wheely" Applegate
 Julie Sommars as Diane Darcy
 Jacques Marin as Inspector Bouchet / Double X
 Roy Kinnear as Quincey
 Bernard Fox as Max
 Eric Braeden as Bruno Von Stickle
 Xavier Saint-Macary as Detective Fontenoy
 François Lalande as Monsieur Ribeaux, The Owner of The Museum "Étoile de Joie" Diamond
 Alan Caillou as Emile, The Chief Monaco Official
 Laurie Main as Duval, The Museum Guard
 Mike Kulcsar as Claude Gilbert
 Johnny Haymer as Race Official
 Stanley Brock as Taxi Driver
 Gérard Jugnot as The Waiter
 Jean-Marie Proslier as Doorman
 Tom McCorry as Showroom M.C.
 Lloyd Nelson as The Mechanic
 Jean-Jacques Moreau as Truck Driver
 Yveline Brière as Girl Friend
 Sébastien Floche as French Tourist
 Madeleine Damien as Old Woman
 Alain Janey as Man At Café
 Raoul Defosse as Police Captain
 Ed Marcus as Exhibit M.C.
 Richard Warlock, Gerald Brutsche, Kevin Johnston, Bob Harris, Carey Loftin, Jesse Wayne, Bill Erickson as The Drivers
 Katia Tchenko as Monte Carlo Trophy Girl (uncredited)
 Josiane Balasko as Woman In The Crowd (uncredited)
 André Penvern as French Policeman (uncredited)

Promotion

Mann's Chinese Theatre
On July 11, 1977, Herbie joined other immortals of the silver screen when he placed his wheel-prints in cement in the forecourt of Mann's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood, California; the ceremony was also attended by the film's stars Dean Jones, Don Knotts and Julie Sommars, as well as several hundred guests and tourists. Mayor of Los Angeles Tom Bradley sent a proclamation officially declaring July 11 as "Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo Day" and a floral wreath was presented to Herbie by Miss Monte Carlo. The ceremony was preceded by a parade on Hollywood Boulevard featuring a traditional Chinese band, firecrackers, 25 Lancia sports cars, clowns, cheerleaders and the Goodyear Blimp. Afterwards, a special invitational screening of Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo was held inside the Chinese Theatre, which was celebrating its 50th anniversary that year.

Novelization
Two different paperback novelizations of the film were published to coincide with the film's release: the US version was written by Vic Crume and published by Scholastic Paperbacks in June 1977; the UK version was written by John Harvey and published by New English Library for the film's UK release in 1978.

Comic book
A comic book of Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo (illustrated by Dan Spiegle) was featured in Walt Disney Showcase #41 published by Gold Key Comics.

Reception
The film holds a 60% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 10 reviews, with an average rating of 5.11/10. On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 38 out of 100, based on 4 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

Home media
Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo was first released on VHS and Betamax in 1984, early 1985 and re-released November 6, 1985, and September 16, 1997. It was first released on DVD in Region 1 on May 4, 2004, and was re-released as a 2-DVD double feature set along with Herbie Rides Again on April 26, 2009.

On September 2, 2012, Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo was re-released on DVD as part of Herbie: 4-Movie Collection with The Love Bug, Herbie Rides Again and Herbie Goes Bananas.

On June 30, 2015, Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo was released on Blu-ray as a Disney Movie Club exclusive title.

References

External links

1977 films
1970s adventure comedy films
American adventure comedy films
1977 romantic comedy films
American romantic comedy films
American sequel films
3
Films set in France
Films set in Paris
Films set in Monaco
Films shot in France
Films shot in Paris
Films shot in Monaco
Films shot in California
Walt Disney Pictures films
Films directed by Vincent McEveety
Films produced by Ron W. Miller
Films adapted into comics
Films scored by Frank De Vol
1970s English-language films
1970s American films

Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo


La XIII Copa Mundial de Hockey Masculino se celebró en La Haya (Países Bajos) entre el 31 de mayo y el 15 de junio de 2014 bajo la organización de la Federación Internacional de Hockey (FIH) y la Real Federación Neerlandesa de Hockey. Paralelamente se celebró la XIII Copa Mundial de Hockey Femenino.

Los partidos se realizaron en el Estadio Kyocera y el Estadio GreenFields de la ciudad holandesa. Compitieron en el evento 12 selecciones nacionales afiliadas a la FIH por el título mundial, cuyo actual portador es la selección de Australia, ganadora del Mundial de 2010.

El equipo de Australia conquistó su tercer título mundial al vencer en la final al equipo de los Países Bajos con un marcador de 6-1. El conjunto de Argentina ganó la medalla de bronce en el partido por el tercer puesto contra el equipo de Inglaterra.

Clasificación

Grupos

Primera fase
 Todos los partidos en la hora local de los Países Bajos (UTC+2).
Los primeros dos de cada grupo disputan las semifinales. El resto disputan los correspondientes partidos de clasificación final.

Grupo A

 Resultados

Grupo B

 Resultados

Fase final
 Todos los partidos en la hora local de los Países Bajos (UTC+2).

Partidos de clasificación

Undécimo lugar

Noveno lugar

Séptimo lugar

Quinto lugar

Semifinales

Tercer lugar

Final

Medallero

Estadísticas

Clasificación general

Máximos goleadores

Fuente:

Véase también
 Copa Mundial de Hockey Femenino de 2014

Notas

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Pág web del evento (en inglés).

Copa Mundial de Hockey Masculino
Hockey sobre césped en los Países Bajos
Hockey sobre césped en 2014
Hockey
Deporte en La Haya
Deporte en los Países Bajos en 2014

Copa Mundial de Hockey Masculino de 2014


Okršaj na Bilima 19. rujna i 20. rujna 1991. bila je borbena akcija nižeg intenziteta na Bilima poviše Mostara. Sukobili su se hrvatski dragovoljci protiv JNA koja je bila u uznapredovaloj fazi izvršavanja desanta. Braniteljski otpor spriječio je ulaska desanta u završnu fazu.

Tih su dana su u Hercegovinu iz Srbije ušli dijelovi Užičkoga i Titogradskog korpusa JNA.
Tzv. JNA uz pomoć TO i srpsko-crnogorskim rezervistima pošla je okupirati Hercegovinu. Namjeravali su spojiti se s oklopno-mehaniziranom brigadom JNA. Zapovijedao je general Milojko Pantelić. Akcija je bila radi ostvarivanja plana RAM: zauzeti dolinu rijeke Neretve te daljnjim napredovanjem duž doline presjeći Hrvatsku na dva dijela kod Čepikuća i Stona, a u drugoj fazi spojiti se s Kninskim korpusom JNA kojim je zapovijedao general Ratko Mladić. Da je akcija uspjela, Mostar bi se našao u okruženju poput Srebrenice a stanovništvo doživjelo okupaciju bez otpora, protjerivanje i ubojstva kao u Bijeljini.

Sve je ovo značilo da će JNA s pratećim snagama okružiti Mostar. Radi toga je organizirala desant niških specijalaca na plato Bila. Krizni stožer obrane Mostara odlučio je preduhitriti ih. Skupila se skupina dragovoljaca kojima je zapovijedao Željko Džidić-Džido. Ušli su na plato Bila u noći s 19. na 20. rujna 1991. godine. Da bi spriječili iskrcavanje specijalaca JNA iz Niša, otvorili su paljbu na tri transportna helikoptera JNA. Helikopteri MI8 bili su puni vojnika spremnih djelovati. Nakon paljbe na njih helikopteri su se povukli. Prvi su pokušaj JNA odbili. Da bi se spremno dočekalo nove pokušaje, organizirana su stalna dežurstva od dragovoljaca iz Mostara i Širokog Brijega. Kote oko Mostara kao što su Planinica, Bile, Galac, Kozica, Žovnica stavili su dragovoljci pod kontrolu.

Prisilili su JNA privremeno odustati od akcije. Oskudne materijalno-tehničke logistike, hrvatski branitelji Mostara uspjeli su onemogućiti akciju JNA, ali ne i nove slične namjere. Već 26. listopada 1991. postrojbe redovnog i pričuvnog sastava JNA iskrcale su se na Tomušu poviše Krivodola (Kruševa) i zatočile u Nevesinju policajce. I taj je napad neutraliziran. Velika agresija zbila se 3. travnja 1992. kad je izbila višemjesečna bitka za Mostar.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Večernji list Prije 27 godina Željko Džidić s hrvatskim domoljubima spriječio je desant JNA kod Mostara
Hrvatsko nebo Prvi otpor rezervistima - Prije 27 godina Željko Džidić s hrvatskim domoljubima spriječio je desant JNA kod Mostara

Bitke HVO-a u Ratu u Bosni i Hercegovini
Povijest Mostara
Bitke JNA u Ratu u Bosni i Hercegovini

Okršaj na Bilima 20. rujna 1991.


A Batalha de Gallipoli ocorreu em 29 de maio de 1416 entre um esquadrão da marinha veneziana e a frota do Império Otomano ao largo da base naval otomana de Gallipoli. A batalha foi o principal episódio de um breve conflito entre as duas potências, decorrente dos ataques otomanos contra as possessões e navios venezianos no mar Egeu no final de 1415. A frota veneziana, sob o comando de Pietro Loredan, foi encarregada de transportar os enviados venezianos ao sultão, mas foi autorizado a atacar se os otomanos se recusassem a negociar. Os eventos subsequentes são conhecidos principalmente por uma carta escrita por Loredan após a batalha. Os otomanos trocaram tiros com os navios venezianos assim que a frota veneziana se aproximou de Gallipoli, forçando os venezianos a se retirarem.

No dia seguinte, as duas frotas manobraram e lutaram contra Gallipoli, mas durante a noite Loredan conseguiu entrar em contato com as autoridades otomanas e informá-las sobre sua missão diplomática. Apesar das garantias de que os otomanos receberiam os enviados, quando a frota veneziana se aproximou da cidade no dia seguinte, a frota otomana navegou para enfrentar os venezianos e os dois lados rapidamente se envolveram na batalha. Os venezianos obtiveram uma vitória esmagadora, matando o almirante otomano, capturando grande parte da frota otomana e fazendo muitos prisioneiros, muitos dos quais - principalmente os cristãos que serviam voluntariamente na frota otomana - foram executados. Os venezianos então se retiraram para Tenedos para reabastecer seus suprimentos e descansar. Apesar de uma esmagadora vitória veneziana, que confirmou a superioridade naval veneziana no Mar Egeu nas próximas décadas, a resolução do conflito foi adiada até que um tratado de paz fosse assinado em 1419.

Império Otomano

Batalha de Gallipoli (1416)


Henry Conyngham (1705 - ) est un noble et homme politique anglo-irlandais.

Biographie
Il est le deuxième fils du général Henry Conyngham de Slane Castle et de sa femme Mary Williams, fille de Sir John Williams,  baronnet, et veuve de Charles Petty,  baron Shelburne. Il hérite du domaine familial à la mort de son frère William.

Propriétaire absent, il possède de vastes propriétés dans les comtés de Meath et de Donegal, tout en passant la plupart de son temps à l'étranger. En dépit d'être un député britannique, il contrôle également la circonscription irlandaise de poche de Newtown Limavady et siège pour Killybegs entre 1727 et 1753 .

En 1765, il est nommé conseiller privé d'Irlande.

Il épouse Ellen Merrett, fille de Solomon Merrett et Rebecca Savage mais n'a pas d'enfants. À sa mort, tous ses titres s'éteignent sauf celui de baron Conyngham, qui passe par reliquat spécial à son neveu Francis Burton, qui adopte le patronyme Conyngham.

Références

Membre du Conseil privé d'Irlande
Comte de la pairie d'Irlande
Décès en avril 1781
Naissance en 1705
Député du Parlement d'Irlande (avant 1801)
Parlementaire irlandais du XVIIIe siècle

Henry Conyngham


In English, the word like has a very flexible range of uses, ranging from conventional to non-standard. It can be used as a noun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, particle, conjunction, hedge, filler, quotative, semi-suffix.

Uses

Comparisons
Like is one of the words in the English language that can introduce a simile (a stylistic device comparing two dissimilar ideas). It can be used as a preposition, as in "He runs like a cheetah"; it can also be used as a suffix, as in "She acts very child-like. It can also be used in non-simile comparisons such as, "She has a dog like ours".

As a conjunction
Like is often used in place of the subordinating conjunction as, or as if. Examples:

 They look like they have been having fun.
 They look as if they have been having fun.

Many people became aware of the two options in 1954, when a famous ad campaign for Winston cigarettes introduced the slogan "Winston tastes good—like a cigarette should." The slogan was criticized for its usage by prescriptivists, the "as" construction being considered more proper. Winston countered with another ad, featuring a woman with greying hair in a bun who insists that ought to be "Winston tastes good as a cigarette should" and is shouted down by happy cigarette smokers asking "What do you want—good grammar or good taste?"

The appropriateness of its usage as a conjunction is still disputed, however. In some circles, it is considered an error to use like instead of as or as if in formal prose.

As a noun
Like can be used as a noun meaning "preference" or "kind". Examples:

 She had many likes and dislikes.
 We'll never see the like again.

When used specifically on social media, it can refer to interactions with content posted by a user, commonly referred to as "likes" on websites such as Twitter or Instagram.

 That picture you posted got a lot of likes!

As a verb
As a verb, like generally refers to a fondness for something or someone.

 I like riding my bicycle.

Like can be used to express a feeling of attraction between two people that is weaker than love. It does not necessarily imply a romantic attraction. Example:

 Marc likes Denise.
 I've taken a liking to our new neighbors.

Like can also be used to indicate a wish for something in a polite manner. Example:

 Would you like a cup of coffee?

As a colloquial adverb
In some regional dialects of English, like may be used as an adverbial colloquialism in the construction be + like + to infinitive, meaning "be likely to, be ready to, be on the verge of." Examples:

 He was like to go back next time.
 He was like to go mad.

As the following attest, this construction has a long history in the English language.

 But Clarence had slumped to his knees before I had half-finished, and he was like to go out of his mind with fright. (Mark Twain, 1889, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court)
 He saw he was like to leave such an heir. (Cotton Mather, 1853, Magnalia Christi Americana)
 He was like to lose his life in the one [battle] and his liberty in the other [capture], but there was none of his money at stake in either. (Charles MacFarlane and Thomas Napier Thomson, 1792, Comprehensive History of England)
 He was in some fear that if he could not bring about the King's desires, he was like to lose his favor. (Gilbert Burnet, 1679, History of the Reformation of the Church of England)

As a colloquial quotative
Like is sometimes used colloquially as a quotative to introduce a quotation or impersonation.  This is also known as "quotation through simile". The word is often used to express that what follows is not an exact quotation but instead gives a general feel for what was said. In this usage, like functions in conjunction with a verb, generally  be (but also say, think, etc.), as in the following examples:

 He was like, "I'll be there in five minutes."
 She was like, "You need to leave the room right now!"

Like can also be used to paraphrase an implicitly unspoken idea or sentiment:

 I was like, "Who do they think they are?"

The marking of past tense is often omitted (compare historical present):

 They told me all sorts of terrible things, and I'm like "Forget it then."

It is also sometimes used to introduce non-verbal mimetic performances, e.g., facial expressions, hand gestures, body movement, as well as sounds and noises:

 I was like [speaker rolls eyes].
 The car was like, "vroom!"

The use of like as a quotative is known to have been around since at least the 1980s.

As a discourse particle, filler or hedge

History

The word like has developed several non-traditional uses in informal speech. Especially since the late 20th century onward, it has appeared, in addition to its traditional uses, as a colloquialism across all dialects of spoken English, serving as a discourse particle, filler, hedge, speech disfluency, or other metalinguistic unit. Although these particular colloquial uses of like appear to have become widespread rather recently, its use as a filler is a fairly old regional practice in Welsh English and in Scotland, it was used similarly at least as early as the 19th century. It is traditionally, though not quite every time, used to finish a sentence in the Northern English dialect Geordie. It may also be used in a systemic format to allow individuals to introduce what they say, how they say and think.

Despite such prevalence in modern-day spoken English, these colloquial usages of like rarely appear in writing (unless the writer is deliberately trying to replicate colloquial dialogue) and they have long been stigmatized in formal speech or in high cultural or high social settings. Furthermore, this use of like seems to appear most commonly, in particular, among natively English-speaking children and adolescents, while less so, or not at all, among middle-aged or elderly adults. One suggested explanation for this phenomenon is the argument that younger English speakers are still developing their linguistic competence, and, metalinguistically wishing to express ideas without sounding too confident, certain, or assertive, use like to fulfill this purpose.

In pop culture, such colloquial applications of like (especially in verbal excess) are commonly and often comedically associated with Valley girls, as made famous through the song "Valley Girl" by Frank Zappa, released in 1982, and the film of the same name, released in the following year. The stereotyped "valley girl" language is an exaggeration of the variants of California English spoken by younger generations.

This non-traditional usage of the word has been around at least since the 1950s, introduced through beat (or beatnik) and jazz culture. The beatnik character Maynard G. Krebs (Bob Denver) in the popular Dobie Gillis TV series of 1959-1963 brought the expression to prominence; this was reinforced in later decades by the character of Shaggy on Scooby-Doo (who was based on Krebs).

Very early use of this locution can be seen in a New Yorker cartoon of 15 September 1928, in which two young ladies are discussing a man's workplace: "What's he got – an awfice?" "No, he's got like a loft."

It is also used in the 1962 novel A Clockwork Orange by the narrator as part of his teenage slang and in the Top Cat cartoon series from 1961 to 1962 by the jazz beatnik type characters.

A common eye dialect spelling is lyk.

Examples
Like can be used in much the same way as "um..." or "er..." as a discourse particle. It has become common especially among North American teenagers to use the word "like" in this way, as in Valspeak. For example:

 I, like, don't know what to do.

It is also becoming more often used (East Coast Scottish English, Northern England English, Hiberno-English and Welsh English in particular) at the end of a sentence, as an alternative to you know. This usage is sometimes considered to be a colloquial interjection and it implies a desire to remain calm and defuse tension:

 I didn't say anything, like.
 Just be cool, like.

Use of like as a filler has a long history in Scots English, as in Robert Louis Stevenson's 1886 novel Kidnapped:

"What'll like be your business, mannie?"
"What's like wrong with him?" said she at last.

Like can be used as hedge to indicate that the following phrase will be an approximation or exaggeration, or that the following words may not be quite right, but are close enough. It may indicate that the phrase in which it appears is to be taken metaphorically or as a hyperbole. This use of like is sometimes regarded as adverbial, as like is often synonymous here with adverbial phrases of approximation, such as "almost" or "more or less". Examples:

 I have, like, no money left.
 The restaurant is only, like, five miles from here.
 I, like, almost died!

Conversely, like may also be used to indicate a counterexpectation to the speaker, or to indicate certainty regarding the following phrase. Examples:

 There was, like, a living kitten in the box!
 This is, like, the only way to solve the problem.
 I, like, know what I'm doing, okay?

In the UK reality television series Love Island the word 'like' has been used an average of 300 times per episode, much to the annoyance of viewers.

See also
Like button

Bibliography

Andersen, Gisle. (1998). The pragmatic marker like from a relevance-theoretic perspective. In A. H. Jucker & Y. Ziv (Eds.) Discourse markers: Descriptions and Theory (pp. 147–70). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Andersen, Gisle. (2000). The role of the pragmatic marker like in utterance interpretation. In G. Andersen & T. Fretheim (Ed.), Pragmatic markers and propositional attitude: Pragmatics and beyond (pp. 79). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Barbieri, Federica. (2005). Quotative use in American English. A corpus-based, cross-register comparison. Journal of English Linguistics, 33, (3), 225-256.
Barbieri, Federica. (2007). 'Older men and younger women': A corpus-based study of quotative use in American English. English World-Wide, 28, (1), 23-45.
Blyth, Carl, Jr.; Recktenwald, Sigrid; & Wang, Jenny. (1990). I'm like, 'Say what?!': A new quotative in American oral narrative. American Speech, 65, 215-227.
Cruse, A. (2000). Meaning in language. An introduction to semantics and pragmatics.
Cukor-Avila, Patricia; (2002). She says, she goes, she is like: Verbs of quotation over time in African American Vernacular English. American Speech, 77 (1), 3-31.
Dailey-O'Cain, Jennifer. (2000). The sociolinguistic distribution of and attitudes toward focuser like and quotative like. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 4, 60–80.
 D'Arcy, Alexandra. (2017). Discourse-pragmatic variation in context: Eight hundred years of LIKE. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Ferrara, Kathleen; & Bell, Barbara. (1995). Sociolinguistic variation and discourse function of constructed dialogue introducers: The case of be+like. American Speech, 70, 265-289.
Fleischman, Suzanne. (1998). Des jumeaux du discours. La Linguistique, 34 (2), 31-47.
Golato, Andrea; (2000). An innovative German quotative for reporting on embodied actions: Und ich so/und er so 'and I'm like/and he's like'. Journal of Pragmatics, 32, 29–54.
Jones, Graham M. & Schieffelin, Bambi B. (2009). Enquoting Voices, Accomplishing Talk: Uses of Be+Like in Instant Messaging. Language & Communication, 29(1), 77-113.
Jucker, Andreas H.; & Smith, Sara W. (1998). And people just you know like 'wow': Discourse markers as negotiating strategies. In A. H. Jucker & Y. Ziv (Eds.), Discourse markers: Descriptions and theory (pp. 171–201). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Mesthrie, R., Swann, J., Deumert, A., & Leap, W. (2009). Introducing sociolinguistics. Edinburgh University Press.
Miller, Jim; Weinert, Regina. (1995). The function of like in dialogue. Journal of Pragmatics, 23, 365-93.
Romaine, Suzanne; Lange, Deborah. (1991). The use of like as a marker of reported speech and thought: A case of grammaticalization in progress. American Speech, 66, 227-279.
Ross, John R.; & Cooper, William E. (1979). Like syntax. In W. E. Cooper & E. C. T. Walker (Eds.), Sentence processing: Psycholinguistic studies presented to Merrill Garrett (pp. 343–418). New York: Erlbaum Associates.
Schourup, L. (1985). Common discourse particles: "Like", "well", "y'know". New York: Garland.
Siegel, Muffy E. A. (2002). Like: The discourse particle and semantics. Journal of Semantics, 19 (1), 35-71.
Taglimonte, Sali; & Hudson, Rachel. (1999). Be like et al. beyond America: The quotative system in British and Canadian youth. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 3 (2), 147-172.
Tagliamonte, Sali, and Alexandra D'Arcy. (2004). He's like, she's like: The quotative system in Canadian youth. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 8 (4), 493-514.
Underhill, Robert; (1988). Like is like, focus. American Speech, 63, 234-246.

References

External links

 See Fleischman (1998) () for a parallel discussion of like and the similar discourse particle genre in French.

English grammar
English words

Like


São Miguel de Machede Portekiz'de Évora belediyesine bağlı olan, 81,53 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 983 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Évora

São Miguel de Machede


Fakultet islamskih znanosti u Sarajevu  je visokoškolska ustanova i članica Sveučilišta u Sarajevu.

Povijest
Fakultet islamskih znanosti je rezultat najranijih islamskih obrazovnih ustanova u Bosni i Hercegovini koje su nastale u doba osmanske vladavine (1463. – 1878.), ali i visokoškolskih islamskih obrazovnih ustanova koje su nastale u periodu Austro-Ugarske, Šerijatsko-sudačke škole (1887.) i Više islamske šerijatsko-teološke škole (1937.). S afirmacijom nacionalnog identiteta Bošnjaka tokom šezdesetih i sedamdesetih godina otvorio se prostor slobodnijem djelovanju pa je 1977. godine po odluci Vrhovnog islamskog starješinstva u SFRJ, osnovan Islamski teološki fakultet.

Fakultet islamskih znanosti u Sarajevu je danas najprestižnija institucija visokoškolskog islamskog obrazovanja u Europi. Od 2013. godine Fakultet islamskih znanosti je punopravna članica Sveučilišta u Sarajevu. U svom sastavu fakultet ima organizacione jedinice za katedre.

Fakultet izdaje časopis Mlađak, koji se bavi teološkim i međureligijskim pitanjima.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena stranica

Teologija
Islamska zajednica u Bosni i Hercegovini
Sveučilište u Sarajevu
Fakulteti u Bosni i Hercegovini
Islamsko obrazovanje

Fakultet islamskih znanosti u Sarajevu


An Neurolepis fimbriligulata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Lynn G. Clark. An Neurolepis fimbriligulata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Neurolepis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Neurolepis

Neurolepis fimbriligulata


Las Carreras Aéreas de Reno (en inglés: Reno Air Races), también conocidas bajo el nombre de Campeonato Nacional de Carreras Aéreas, es un acontecimiento deportivo aeronáutico de carácter anual que se celebra en Reno (Nevada), Estados Unidos, en el mes de septiembre. Se lleva a cabo en el Aeropuerto de Reno-Stead, que se encuentra a unos 19 kilómetros de la ciudad.

Historia
Las Reno Air Races comenzaron en el año 1964, organizadas por el as de la Segunda Guerra Mundial Bill Stead.  Las primeras carreras tuvieron lugar en una pista no preparada, de  de longitud, situada en Spanish Springs.  Tras el cierre de la Base Aérea de Stead en el año 1966, este aeropuerto pasó a ser de uso público, y desde aquella, la Reno Air Races tiene lugar allí.

Accidentes
Se han registrado un total de 19 fallecidos debido a accidentes aéreos o colisiones en el transcurso de la competición y la exhibición aérea.

Incidente en 2011

El 16 de septiembre de 2011, un North American P-51 Mustang apodado "Galloping Ghost", y pilotado por Jimmy Leeward, se estrelló cerca de las gradas del público, resultando 11 muertos y 75 heridos, de los que al menos 25 están graves.

Referencias

Véase también
 Red Bull Air Race World Series
 Anexo:Festivales aéreos

Enlaces externos

 Página web oficial

Exhibiciones de vuelo
Competiciones acrobáticas
Deportes de motor en Estados Unidos
Deporte en Reno

Carreras Aéreas de Reno