Kurt Thomas Busch (born August 4, 1978) is an American auto racing driver. He last competed full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series in 2022, driving the No. 45 Toyota Camry TRD for 23XI Racing. He is the 2004 NASCAR Cup Series champion and the 2017 Daytona 500 winner. He is the older brother of two-time Cup Series champion Kyle Busch.

Busch has driven for Chip Ganassi Racing, Stewart-Haas Racing, Furniture Row Racing, Phoenix Racing, Penske Racing, and Roush Racing in his Cup career, which began in 2000. He is the winner of thirty-four Cup races and won his championship in the first season using the "Chase for the Cup" points format. With a 2006 win in the Busch Series, he became one of only 36 drivers to win races in all three of NASCAR's top divisions: the Cup Series, the Xfinity Series, and the Camping World Truck Series. His early career received significant media attention as his aggressive driving style led to incidents with other competitors, while also having confrontations with his team members and members of the media itself. His later career saw him gain a reputation for helping his race teams improve their programs over time, and is the only driver to have won at the Cup level for the four manufacturers (in order) Ford, Dodge, Chevrolet and Toyota.

In addition to his stock car racing career, Busch has also raced in the Indianapolis 500, the 24 Hours of Daytona, and in the National Hot Rod Association. In 2023, he was named to NASCAR's 75 Greatest Drivers.

Early and personal life

Busch was born to Thomas and Gaye Busch in Las Vegas, Nevada. At the age of six, Busch was accompanying his father to the track and competing in kart racing. As an underage teenager, he competed in Dwarf competition winning in just his second race, at the Las Vegas Motor Speedway Bullring.  This father and son team competed at western tracks from Southern California to Utah. In 1994, his first full year as a driver, Busch won ten consecutive races at ten different tracks. His father eventually sold their dwarf equipment and purchased a powerful car for the Legends Series, which Busch began driving in 1996 at age 18. After graduating from Durango High School, Busch enrolled at the University of Arizona, hoping to earn a degree in Pharmacy.

Busch became engaged to girlfriend Eva Bryan while attending the 2005 Hungarian Grand Prix. On July 27, 2006, three years to the day of them meeting on a blind date, they were married in Virginia. Busch announced on June 30, 2011, "Those in the NASCAR community have been aware for some time now that we are no longer together and we are legally separated". The announcement came days after Busch kissed another woman in Victory Lane celebration following a win at Sonoma Raceway. In October 2014 at Martinsville, Busch was introduced to polo player Ashley Van Metre by her sister, who was also a friend of Busch. The two eventually began dating, and Busch announced their engagement on August 26, 2015. They were married on January 7, 2017. As of August 2019, Busch and his wife star on CMT's Racing Wives reality TV show. On May 17, 2022 it was announced that Ashley Busch had filed for divorce.

Busch is an avid baseball fan and stated the goal of visiting every ballpark nationwide. As his parents grew up in Chicago, the Chicago Cubs and Chicago Bears are his favorite baseball and American football team, respectively. He is also a Vegas Golden Knights fan.

Before the 2006 season, Busch underwent cosmetic surgery to have his ears pinned back closer to his head. Busch is a close friend of famous entrepreneur Felix Sabates, who co-owned Chip Ganassi Racing (CGR), and had a successful racing team SABCO Racing. In 2012 when Busch went to drive for Phoenix Racing (a CGR ally), he co-credited Sabates as having helped him convince James Finch to hire him.

Racing career

Beginnings
Busch's first racing experience was in a Dwarf car at age 14 at Pahrump Valley Speedway. He was put in the Dwarf car by his father. Busch also dabbled in IMCA Modified racing.

Busch earned his big break after Chris Trickle was wounded in an unsolved shooting. (Trickle would die of the injuries over a year later.) The Star Nursery team looked for a new driver to replace Trickle for the No. 70 team. Busch gained national exposure while competing against Ron Hornaday Jr., Matt Crafton, Greg Biffle, Kevin Harvick and others for the first time in the 1997 Winter Heat Series at Tucson Raceway Park.

Busch's team went on to win the 1998 NASCAR AutoZone Elite Division, Southwest Series Rookie of the Year. He followed up by winning the series championship in 1999. That led to a tryout in a Roush Racing "Gong Show", which he won and earned a Craftsman Truck Series ride. He raced the No. 99 Ford F-150. He won four races and finished runner-up to teammate Greg Biffle in the championship standings, as well as winning Rookie of the Year honors.

Cup Series

Roush Racing

2000–2005

Roush Racing announced during the 2000 season that Busch was being promoted to the Winston Cup Series to replace Chad Little in Roush's No. 97 Ford for the 2001 season. Little ended up being released early, and Busch took over the No. 97 John Deere-sponsored Ford at Dover in September 2000. Busch ran seven of the final eight races (Little drove at Talladega) with crew chief Jeff Hammond. Busch's best finish was a 13th-place finish at Charlotte.

Busch began the 2001 season driving an unsponsored car after John Deere pulled out of sponsoring the 97 following the 2000 season. Roush would eventually sign Rubbermaid to a multi-year sponsorship contract later in the year, with its Sharpie marker brand carried as Busch's primary sponsor. scored three Top 5's and six Top 10's that year. During the 2001 Daytona 500, he and Dale Earnhardt made door-to-door contact on lap 85, and Earnhardt responded by giving Busch the finger out of his driver's side window at 185 mph; the Fox Sports replay cameras caught this, leading broadcaster  Mike Joy to remark "Kurt, you're number one." To this day, Busch recalls this as the only time he encountered Earnhardt, who was killed in a crash on the last lap of that race, on the track. Busch was the last remaining driver to compete against Earnhardt in a Cup race when he retired.

Busch scored his best finish of third at the spring Talladega race, which was three weeks after scoring his first career Top 5 finish at Texas (fourth), and he added a fifth-place in the Brickyard 400 at Indianapolis. He also had some unlucky breaks over the course of the year, especially in the second half where he crashed out of the Southern 500 at Darlington, where he led 74 laps; at Martinsville, where he let 38 laps before cutting a tire in heavy traffic, which ended up causing significant damage to the race car; at Rockingham, where he battled overheating issues despite leading 45 laps; and in the penultimate race at Atlanta, where he failed to qualify. He closed the season with a 21st-place finish at the postponed event at New Hampshire, finishing 27th in points and second behind Kevin Harvick for Cup rookie of the year.

The 2002 season was Busch's breakout year in the Winston Cup Series. He claimed his first victory in the Food City 500 at Bristol, after battling hard with rival Jimmy Spencer on worn tires. Busch added a second win at Martinsville in October and then won at Atlanta the next week and in the season finale at Homestead. This gave Busch four wins, 12 Top 5's, 20 Top 10's, and one pole, all of which would allow him to finish third in the final standings for the year. He finished the season particularly strong, winning three of the final five races and finishing third and sixth, and leading many laps in the next two. As well as his finish in the point standings, he also collected $5,105,394. The 2002 season saw Kurt Busch become the first driver in NASCAR history to win the most races in his first-ever winning season with four. He is one of only two drivers to accomplish this feat, along with Carl Edwards, who did it three years later in 2005.

Busch had an "up and down" year in 2003. He once again recorded four wins, including a season sweep at Bristol, making him the first driver to do that since Rusty Wallace accomplished the feat in 2000). However, inconsistent results later in the season resulted in Busch falling out of the Top 10 in points; he finished in 11th place with nine Top 5's and 14 Top 10's, although he collected over  again that year. Busch was also involved in a bit of NASCAR history during the Carolina Dodge Dealers 400, held at Darlington on March 16 of that year. In the closing laps of the race, he and Ricky Craven were engaged in a tight battle for the lead. Both drivers battled loose race cars as well as each other to the finish. Busch held the lead heading into the final corner but Craven managed to pull almost even exiting turn four. With the finish line approaching both cars made contact and bumped each other repeatedly headed to the checkered flag. When it dropped, Craven had crossed the line .002 seconds before Busch and scored the victory in what was the closest ever finish to a race in NASCAR history.

In 2004, Busch won three races, two poles, and the inaugural NASCAR Nextel Cup Championship, the first year NASCAR held "The Chase for the Championship". He won his fourth consecutive race at Bristol after winning the Food City 500 in March (winning that race for the third consecutive year), and became the second driver to win both races at New Hampshire Motor Speedway in a single season. At Homestead for the final race of the season, Busch nearly lost the championship. On lap 93, Busch entered the access road in turns 3 and 4 that leads to pit road telling his crew that he has a flat right front tire. As Busch came off the access road and was about to enter the pits, the right front wheel, the same one he told his crew was flat even though it wasn't, came off the car. As the wheel came off his car, Kurt darted left and almost hit the yellow barrels on the entrance of pit road. If Busch hit those barrels, his championship would have been lost. The caution came out as the tire rolled down the entire front stretch. Busch fell to third in the standings but was able to get his positions back and won the championship. He scored 10 Top 5's and 21 Top 10's.

In 2005, midway through the season, Busch announced that he would be leaving Roush Racing at the end of the season and would replace Rusty Wallace in the No. 2 Miller Lite-sponsored Dodge for Penske Racing South. Initially, Roush was unhappy with Busch's decision to leave his team but when Chip Ganassi Racing announced that Jamie McMurray wanted to join Roush Racing in 2006, Roush agreed to let Busch go.

Busch won three races during the 2005 season, along with nine Top 5's and 18 Top 10's in 34 races. He also scored an average finish of 15.3. Which all allowed him to finish 10th in the final points standings.

Penske Racing #2

2006–2010

Busch was released from Roush Racing at the end of 2005 and joined Penske Racing South in 2006. Busch had asked team owner Jack Roush to let him out of his contract at the end of 2005, but Roush initially refused. However, after Chip Ganassi released Jamie McMurray from his 2006 contract, Roush decided to release Busch when Roush learned that Busch already signed a contract with Roger Penske before the season ended. Busch's last race with Roush-Fenway Racing and 2005 was at Texas before the final two races; because he was parked by NASCAR for an incident with the police (see below). Busch appealed and a misunderstanding on the police's part was cleared before the races but the parking penalty was held in place.

McMurray, who was originally slated to join Roush in 2007 to drive the No. 6 (which ultimately went to David Ragan), instead replaced Busch in the No. 97, which was then renumbered to No. 26.

In the 2006 season, driving for Penske, Busch scored one win at Bristol Motor Speedway in the Food City 500, his fifth win at the track. Busch celebrated the victory by getting out of his car and making a snow angel on the track, due to snow that had fallen at the track that weekend. He also won six poles and had seven Top 5's and 12 Top 10 finishes but finished 16th in the final standings. He also made his Busch Series debut for Penske in the No. 39 Dodge at Texas Motor Speedway, winning in his first race. He ran six more races that season and picked up a second win at Watkins Glen International by holding off Robby Gordon on the final lap. Gordon and Busch on the final lap struggled for the win but it resulted in Busch holding onto the lead in the outer-loop to seal up the win. In victory circle, Busch thanked Gordon for a fight for victory and said that the struggle reminded him of his 2003 Carolina Dodge Dealers 400 at Darlington when Ricky Craven beat Busch by one inch to win the race after a 2 lap-long struggle to the checkers. Kurt would miss the chase for the first time in 2006 and finished 16th in the points standings.

In the 2007 season, Busch had two wins, one pole, scored five Top 5's, and 10 Top 10's through 26 races, and qualified for the Chase for the Sprint Cup. Busch's on-track performance increased noticeably after the addition of Pat Tryson as his crew chief midway through the season. He also ran four more Busch races, earning 2 top-five and 3 top-ten finishes.

In 2008, to make sure rookie teammate Sam Hornish Jr. would be guaranteed a starting spot in the season's first five races, the owner's points from Busch's No. 2 car were transferred over to the No. 77 car driven by Hornish. Busch would still be guaranteed a starting spot, due to NASCAR's Champion's Provisional Rule, which states that the most recent series champion not in the Top 35 in the previous season's final owner points automatically qualifies for a race. (With his 2004 championship, Busch was by several years the most recent).

At the 2008 Daytona 500, Busch was contending to win and had a fast car on the final lap capable to win. He and his teammate Ryan Newman got by Joe Gibbs Racing rivals, Tony Stewart and Kurt's brother Kyle on the final lap, and Kurt decided to instead of trying for the win himself, push Newman to victory. In turn 4 Newman cleared further challenges and won the race, thanking his win on Busch in the victory circle. It was Roger Penske's first Daytona 500 win and it made Penske one of the few owners to win both the Indianapolis 500 and Daytona 500 in an owner career.

On June 29, 2008, Busch broke a 29-race winless streak at New Hampshire Motor Speedway when the Lenox Industrial Tools 301 was called due to rain on lap 284. It was his first win since Michigan's late summer race in 2007, and his fourth win since joining Penske Racing and 18th overall. Kurt would miss the chase again in 2008 and finished 18th in the points standings.

He began his 2009 season at the 2009 Daytona 500, he was involved in a wreck on lap 124 when Dale Earnhardt Jr. swerved into Brian Vickers. Vickers shot up the track and hit the wall, ricocheting into Denny Hamlin, who came down into Busch. He then spun into the grass along with eight other drivers including his brother Kyle. Busch made numerous pit stops to repair the car and was able to finish tenth. Kurt was one of the many that believed Dale Jr.'s contact was intentional and Kurt joined Earnhardt's fans, the drivers, and owners in calling NASCAR to penalize Earnhardt, for the rest of the race but this was not granted.

Busch then qualified fourth for the season's second race at the Auto Club Speedway in Fontana, California. He ran in the top five most of the race and finished fifth. This moved him up seven spots in the standings to third. Busch led most of the race the 2009 Kobalt Tools 500, leading 235 of 325 laps and getting his nineteenth Sprint Cup Series victory. He led more laps in the race than he did in the entire 2008 season. At Las Vegas, he and his younger brother Kyle had a touching moment when Kyle Busch won at Las Vegas, their hometown. In the victory circle, Kurt came in and shared a big hug with Kyle. Legendary driver and NASCAR announcer Darrell Waltrip called it "The most touching thing I have ever seen."

He remained in the Top 5 in points for the rest of the season. He qualified for the Chase and ended up fourth in the standings, the highest-ranked car that was not under the Hendrick Motorsports banner. Busch picked up another win at the 2009 Dickies 500 after his brother Kyle ran out of fuel with two laps to go.

For the 2010 season, Penske Racing brought rookie, Brad Keselowski on board to drive the No. 12 Penske Racing Dodge Charger. Busch and Sam Hornish would be his teammates. Keselowski also ran a full-time Nationwide Series, driving the No. 22 Dodge Challenger. 2009 Rookie Justin Allgaier accompanied him in the Nationwide Series. Steve Addington, who was Kyle Busch's crew chief for the past two seasons and led the younger Busch to 14 victories, became the crew chief for Kurt at the start of the 2010 season, as Pat Tryson left to join Michael Waltrip Racing as Martin Truex Jr.'s crew chief.

On May 22, 2010, Busch won the 26th Annual NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race. He then followed it up by winning the Coca-Cola 600 the following weekend, becoming only the seventh driver to win both in the same year. Busch eventually made the Chase being seeded fifth in points. Busch also, amazingly, finished seventh at Daytona at the Coke Zero 400 after wrecking three times in the last 12 laps.

Busch would finish out the season 11th among the Chase contenders.

2011: #22 car and final season at Penske

In 2011, Busch and Keselowski swapped teams and crews. Busch took over a renumbered No. 22 Dodge. Busch earned his first Budweiser Shootout win after Denny Hamlin went below the yellow line at the end of the race at Daytona. He would go on to win the 2011 Gatorade Duel 1, and because of polesitter Dale Earnhardt Jr.'s crash in practice, which forced him into a backup car, Busch started in first for the 2011 Daytona 500 and started the 2011 season three for three.

Busch won the pole for and led most of the race at Kansas, for 152 laps. However, a fuel pickup issue late hurt his chances of winning. Teammate Brad Keselowski took the victory. However, a few weeks later on June 26, Kurt finally got an elusive road course victory at Infineon Raceway. Not only did he win, but he also led the most laps with 76. Because of Brad Keselowski's injury during a practice crash at Road Atlanta, Busch filled in for Keselowski in his NASCAR Nationwide Series car for the Zippo 200 at Watkins Glen International, and Busch managed to get the pole and the win. By August 13, 2011, Busch had won 1/4 of all of his Nationwide races. On October 2, Busch won on two late restarts beating Jimmie Johnson in turn 1 leading the final 43 laps to grab his first-ever victory at the Monster Mile at Dover which would end up being his final victory for Penske. After a frustrating final five races, things came to a head when Busch launched a verbal tirade against an ESPN cameraman and gave an obscene gesture to workers when a car blocked his path towards his pit garage following a transmission failure at the same race. Crew chief Steve Addington moved to Stewart-Haas Racing after the 2011 season.

Busch's employment with Penske Racing was terminated on December 5, 2011.  Although most observers of the sport believe he was fired, Busch claimed in a public statement that the parting was "mutual": "I am grateful to Penske Racing for six very productive years. Together we won a lot of races – 16 in all. ... Coming to a mutual agreement to go our separate ways is a positive step for me." In contrast, the Charlotte Observer reported several sources confirming team owner Roger Penske decided that Busch's altercation at Homestead-Miami Speedway was the last straw in his stormy tenure with the team but chose to defer the announcement until after Champion's Week. He was replaced in the No. 22 by A. J. Allmendinger. Kurt Busch later said that the dismissal was mostly because, following his engine blow-up in Homestead, he was frustrated that the No. 22 team was unable to compete for championships, and he and Penske couldn't agree on whether the problem was the car or the driver. However, Busch also said that he maintains a friendship with Penske.

Phoenix Racing

2012: First winless season

Following his release from Penske Racing, Busch realized that he wasn't "having fun" anymore and, next to going to therapy for his anger problems, wanted to "put the fun back into racing." As a result, Busch declined an offer from Richard Petty Motorsports in favor of an early-season agreement to drive for Phoenix Racing, in the No. 51 Chevrolet, for the 2012 Sprint Cup Series season. He also talked to Michael Waltrip Racing, Furniture Row Racing and Richard Childress Racing to see if any rides were available at those teams. He also ran a limited Nationwide Series schedule for the team. At the same time, Busch formed a sponsorship relationship with Monster Energy Drink in which he signed a deal with Kyle Busch Motorsports, to share the No. 54 car with his younger brother in the Nationwide Series.

At the 2012 Aaron's 499 at Talladega, Busch paid homage to the 2006 racing comedy Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby by running his No. 51 car with the paint scheme of Ricky Bobby's No. 62 "ME" Cougar car from the movie, causing NASCAR on Fox commentators Mike Joy, Larry McReynolds and Darrell Waltrip to jokingly refer to Busch as "Ricky Bobby" throughout the race, and Busch also dropped movie lines into radio chatter with his spotter and crew chief. Busch's girlfriend Patricia Driscoll spent months getting permission from Sony and Will Ferrell as well as other trademark and license holders. Busch's real-life fall from grace during the 2011–12 Sprint Cup offseason has been compared to Ricky Bobby's. Busch's car was one of the stronger performers, running near the front and leading for a few laps. Towards the end of the race, with six laps to go, he dropped back when he spun out in the trioval off ex-teammate Brad Keselowski's bumper. After stopping, Busch drove backward down pit road to get replacement tires, though he was not penalized and finished in 20th place as the last car on the lead lap.

At Darlington, Busch was turned with Ryan Newman, and both drivers' days were ended. Busch was fined $50,000 and put on a five-race probation and Newman was not penalized. Busch would finish the race in 21st, the last car on the lead lap.

On June 4, 2012, Busch feuded with Justin Allgaier at the Nationwide event at Dover and after talking to his boss and brother Kyle. When asked by Bob Pockrass about being on probation, Busch said, "It refrains me from not beating the shit out of you right now because you ask me stupid questions. But since I'm on probation, I suppose that's improper to say as well. If you can talk about racing things, we'll talk about many things, Bob. It is not racing, you're here just to start stuff, you know that's you're all out here for!" NASCAR immediately suspended Busch from the Pocono race as a result of violating their policy forbidding swearing publicly.

The following week NASCAR suspended Busch until June 13, 2012, and extended his probation until December 31. Busch was already on probation for the confrontation with Newman and his crew following the May 12, 2012, Sprint Cup race at Darlington and for driving recklessly through Newman's pit stall.

According to a NASCAR news release, Busch was suspended for violating Section 12-1 of the NASCAR rulebook, which covers "actions detrimental to stock car racing; violation of probation; verbal abuse to a media member."

On July 6, 2012, Busch won the Nationwide Series Jalapeño 250 at Daytona by passing Austin Dillon on the final lap.

During his 7–8-month stint with James Finch, he finished third at Sonoma after leading a few laps and running in the top three all race long. However, his nearest miss took place at Talladega that autumn. There Busch controlled the race early and mid-way and spun out from contact with Jamie McMurray. He was parked by NASCAR after driving away from the safety officials who were trying to assist him and he would not stop his car even though NASCAR was telling him to do so. The following week he began driving for Furniture Row Racing. Kurt would miss the Chase for the first time since 2008 and finished a dismal 25th in the points standings.

Furniture Row Racing

2012
On September 24, 2012, it was announced that Busch would drive the No. 78 Chevrolet SS for Furniture Row Racing for the 2013 season, replacing Regan Smith. The connection started when then-crew chief Todd Berrier called Busch to gauge his interest in driving for FRR.

In his first start for FRR at the 2012 Bank of America 500, Busch finished 21st. He had a 25th-place finish the following week at Kansas. Busch later rebounded with three consecutive Top 10 finishes at Texas, Phoenix, and Homestead to end the season.

2013: Return to The Chase

2013 started for Busch the very same way that 2012 had – driving with a new team, in this case, Furniture Row Racing. Despite this, Busch showed off significant improvement over the off-year that had been 2012, both for himself and FRR as a whole: in the three years the car was driven by Regan Smith, Furniture Row Racing had only one win, three top-five, and six top-ten finishes, and only led 42 laps in Sprint Cup competition. In comparison, in the first 23 races of 2013, Busch had five top-five finishes, nine top-ten finishes, one pole, and had led 270 laps, more than six times as many laps as the car had ever led with Smith in the previous three seasons.

Busch started the 2013 season crashing in the Sprint Unlimited on lap 14, finishing in 13th place. He finished fifth in the Budweiser Duel, but poor handling made him finish the Daytona 500 in 28th place, five laps down. He did not improve much the next week at Phoenix, where he finished one lap down in twenty-seventh place. He then had a twentieth-place finish at Las Vegas. After three less successful runs, he hit a resurgence, getting a fourth-place finish at Bristol.

At Fontana, Busch went a lap down briefly after being penalized for speeding during green-flag pit stops, but he surged back in the last laps to finish in third place behind his brother Kyle Busch and Dale Earnhardt Jr.

At Martinsville, Busch had bad luck. He crashed early in the race and after repairing his damages, successfully took the lucky dog free pass. But later, on lap 487, while running many laps down, Busch lost his brakes in turn 1 and slammed the wall hard enough to cause his engine to burst into flames. This brought out a 6-minute red flag. Busch was uninjured.

At Texas, Busch almost acquired the pole position with a qualifying speed of 195.688 mph, but the final one to qualify; his younger brother managed to win the pole with a speed of 196.299 mph to conclude qualifying. Busch ended up starting second, but still on the front row. However, he was disappointed to lose the pole, saying "I would rather lose to Kyle than anybody else... it is frustrating that I do lose it to him though."

At Richmond, Busch led for 36 laps and contended for victory. However, on a final restart, he again tangled with Tony Stewart. He had bumped Stewart on the restart causing Stewart to finish out of the top-ten. After the race ended the two cars exchanged shoves and the two argued on pit road, drawing attention away from the race winner Kevin Harvick. Both were summoned to the NASCAR hauler. Busch finished in ninth place and said to reporters that he did not intentionally hit Stewart and said he was surprised and disappointed when Stewart retaliated after the checkers.

At Talladega, Busch led two laps and was in the top-ten on lap 182 when he was collected in a large pileup on the back straightaway. He took the worst damage in the crash, as J. J. Yeley got loose from contact with Ricky Stenhouse Jr., went across the track, and hit him with enough force that Busch turned sideways, flipped over once, and landed on top of Ryan Newman, then slid off Newman and struck the outside wall, and was hit again by Clint Bowyer and Bobby Labonte. Busch was uninjured.

At Darlington, Busch won his first pole position of the year. From the drop of the green flag, Busch led 69 of the first 80 laps, but his handling went away after the first green flag pit stops and he was forced to settle for a fourteenth-place finish.

At the All-Star race, Busch started up front and led 29 laps, winning two of the four 20 lap segments, with brother Kyle winning the other two. However, a poor pit stop by both Busch brothers was responsible for causing them to lose the lead and race to Jimmie Johnson for the final ten-lap shootout. Kurt finished fifth.

At the Coca-Cola 600 a week later, Busch started second on the outside of the front row. Despite having to change a battery late in the race, he led eight laps and he still finished in third place, the first time he'd finished in the top three since June 2012 at Sonoma. When interviewed, he responded, "Yeah, a top-five is great. To be up front, to lead laps, that's what it's all about. So we'll get these little hiccups polished up and continue plugging forward. That's the only thing we can do, is learn from what exactly happened – was it a cable issue, a battery that was dead, was the alternator not charging? To show our strength tonight, to finish third, we'll take it. I think that's what needs to be said. The Furniture Row team was fast, and we didn't quite have a perfect night, and we brought it home third."

Busch then had a 12th-place finish at Dover and a seventh-place showing at Pocono. At Michigan, Busch qualified on the front row and led the first 21 laps, but went seven laps down when he got into an early accident on lap 30.

At Sonoma, Busch got his next top-five finish with a fourth-place finish, after leading fifteen laps, then battling back from a lap down after a pair of speeding penalties on pit road.

At Kentucky, brief controversy hit Busch as on lap 48, he was responsible for causing a seven-car wreck that was instigated when he went down on the apron, then came back up the track and turned Brad Keselowski approaching turn 1, causing Keselowski to shoot up the track and collect several more cars including Greg Biffle, Travis Kvapil and Dave Blaney. Busch finished sixth and followed this up with another sixth-place finish at the Coke Zero 400. This finish gave Furniture Row Racing their first-ever streak of three straight top-ten finishes, and also moved Busch up to ninth in the points. However the next week at Loudon, Busch started second and led 102 laps before he was turned and wrecked by Matt Kenseth and finished 31st.

At Indianapolis, Busch had a fourteenth place showing. The following week at Pocono, he led nine laps and recorded a third-place finish. This was followed by a ninth-place finish at Watkins Glen. Returning to Michigan, Busch started on the outside of the front row, led 43 laps, and finished third, bringing himself up to ninth in driver points.

At Bristol in August, Busch started on the outside row and led 54 laps early, before a loose wheel caused him to go behind the wall, resulting in a 31st-place finish, 26 laps down. However, he bounced back over the following two weeks, with a fourth-place finish at Atlanta. The following week at Richmond, Busch started second and had one of the strongest cars of the night, ultimately finishing second to Carl Edwards. This also marked Furniture Row Racing's first-ever appearance in the Chase.

At Chicagoland, Busch opened the Chase with a fourth-place finish. He then had a 13th-place finish at New Hampshire. At Dover, Busch finished 21st, three laps down, after he had to pit for a loose wheel. At Kansas, Busch was forced to start at the rear of the field when he crashed in practice and had to bring out a backup car. He managed to work his way through the field to finish second. This brought Busch up to ten top-five and fifteen top-ten finishes over 30 races. Busch would go on to finish tenth in the final standings.

Also in 2013, Busch planned to drive the No. 1 Chevrolet in the Nationwide Series for Phoenix Racing, competing in sixteen events; in the event he would run only three races during the season, wrecking at Daytona but having top-ten finishes at Talladega and the second race at Daytona.

Stewart-Haas Racing
On August 26, 2013, Busch announced that he would be leaving Furniture Row Racing to join Stewart-Haas Racing, stating he had signed a multi-year deal with the team. Team co-owner Gene Haas stated he would fund Busch's ride exclusively. In late September it was revealed that Busch's car number would be the No. 41.

2014: Return to Victory Lane

Busch had his outbreaking race for his new team at Fontana. He led a bit of the race after Jimmie Johnson blew a tire with 7 laps to go. He led on the restart against teammate Tony Stewart but lost the lead on the final lap after allowing Kyle Busch to slip past and win.

The next week at the STP 500, on lap 43, Busch collided with Brad Keselowski on pit road during a caution, causing massive damage to Keselowski's car. There would be several instances of beating and banging between the two drivers after Keselowski's car was repaired and came out of the garage. By the end of the race, Busch was battling Jimmie Johnson for the lead in the final 27 laps. Busch took the lead with 11 laps remaining, and kept it to win his first race since 2011, and first at Martinsville since 2002.

At Darlington, while running in the top five with 3 laps to go, Busch got tapped from behind by Clint Bowyer and spun out, hitting a barrier head-on. Because of energy-absorbing walls, Busch was uninjured, but waved angrily towards Bowyer under caution and showed discontent with Bowyer in post-race ceremonies. In regards to the incident with Bowyer, Busch said "That was a terrible way to end what could have been a decent night. We struggled at times to get the balance of the Haas Automation Chevrolet right, but we kind of found our spot just past the halfway point and made slight adjustments the rest of the way. We called for a two-tire stop at the end hoping to gain some track position, but it seemed like everyone had the same idea. We gained a little, but the guys behind us all had four tires. I tried to hold them off the best I could, but someone (Bowyer) moved me out of their way and it ruined our night. I hate it for the team, but we keep learning each week and we will get better."

At the Coca-Cola 600, Busch in his attempt to complete all 1,100 miles of the 2014 Indianapolis 500 and the Coca-Cola 600 in the same day, came up 194 miles short, blowing an engine on lap 274 after completing 271 of the 400 laps.

At Pocono, Busch qualified third. He led 5 laps throughout the race and ran in the top five all day long. He ultimately finished third; his best finish since his win at Martinsville.

At Daytona Busch qualified 42nd; despite this Busch led the most laps. However, he got passed by Aric Almirola on lap 111. 5 laps later a rain-shower soaked the speedway on lap 116 ending the race. In an interview, a disappointed Busch said "I didn't do my job. Third is good but I wanted to win." After the race, Busch was penalized 10 points and Daniel Knost was fined $10,000 for an illegal window automotive part accidentally installed before the race. Busch elected not to appeal the penalty.

After Daytona, Busch did much better. He had a top-five finish at Pocono and Watkins Glen. Daniel Knost parted ways with Kurt Busch mid-way into the Chase and Knost was replaced with Tony Gibson. Knost was given to Busch's teammate Danica Patrick. With Gibson as his new crew chief, Kurt did significantly better, qualifying his remaining races in the top ten. His best finish in a race during the Chase was seventh twice-at Talladega and Phoenix. During the NASCAR off-season, Busch had a widely publicized falling-out with his longtime girlfriend Patricia Driscoll, that led to acrimony and near-charges against Busch (see below).

2015

Busch started his season on a rough note in the 2015 Sprint Unlimited when he got collected in 2 multi-car accidents. At the second Budweiser Duel, he was running second behind Jimmie Johnson with nine laps to go. He went below the yellow line by accident and improved his spot. He was given a stop-and-go-penalty by officials which sent him to the back of the field for the final results.

On February 20, 2015, Busch was indefinitely suspended by NASCAR after a Delaware family court cited "more likely than not" that Busch had abused his ex-girlfriend Patricia Driscoll. The accusation came after the couple split up and she came to the Dover track and let herself into his motor coach without permission using Busch's entrance code. Regan Smith replaced him for the Daytona 500 along with the races held at Atlanta and Las Vegas. Kurt Busch applied for reinstatement ten days after the Daytona 500 and began his reinstatement program.

On March 11, 2015, NASCAR lifted Busch's indefinite suspension after prosecutors in Delaware determined there was not enough evidence to bring a criminal case against Busch, making him eligible to compete again, starting with the CampingWorld.com 500 at Phoenix. Driscoll is now under federal indictment for fraud and misusing charitable donations for personal gain. Additionally, Busch was granted a waiver by NASCAR, making him still eligible for the Chase if he won a race between then and the autumn Richmond event. In his first race back from suspension, Busch finished fifth. At Auto Club, Busch won the pole and led the most laps (65), before being bumped back to third due to a last-lap pass by Brad Keselowski and Kevin Harvick. The race ended in controversy as, according to an online poll, 69% of the fans suspected a fix in the waning laps on NASCAR's part. NASCAR denied the allegations but not before the controversy broke out for the next few days following the race.

The next week at Martinsville, Busch led early in the race. He faded to the tail end of the field mid-way. He briefly got penalized for moving lanes before the restart, but 20 laps later officials rescinded the penalty.

Busch later took the checkers after a dominating performance at Richmond. Battling Jamie McMurray for the win during the final 100 laps, Busch pulled away to win the race, his first win of the season.

Busch's second win came in a rain-shortened Michigan race. At Sonoma, Busch dominated early, before finishing second to younger brother Kyle in what was their first ever 1-2 finish in NASCAR Sprint Cup history.

Busch would finish 8th in 2015 championship points despite missing the first three races of the season, scoring 21 top 10s and 3 poles.

2016

Busch started the 2016 season bringing home a 10th-place finish in the Daytona 500 and winning two consecutive poles for Atlanta and Las Vegas. However, he was given the pole position for the former at Atlanta because his brother, Kyle Busch, earned that spot in qualifying but started dead-last after his time was disallowed due to failing post-qualifying inspection. He got his first and only victory of the season at Pocono, ironically the only race of the season when his crew chief Tony Gibson was suspended. Busch had a very consistent season, breaking a record for most consecutive lead-lap finishes to start the year. His streak ended, however, when he got his first DNF of the season during the 23rd race at Bristol after suffering contact from Joey Logano. He remained in the top ten in points throughout the year and finished 7th in the championship standings.

2017: Daytona 500 Win

Stewart-Haas Racing switched to Ford for the 2017 season, a manufacturer who had not won a Cup championship since Busch's 2004 campaign with Roush.

Busch started off 2017 with a crash in the Advance Auto Parts Clash after Jimmie Johnson got loose and spun, collecting Busch. A week later, Busch won the Daytona 500, passing Kyle Larson on the last lap. Busch struggled throughout the rest of the year, obtaining a 14th place in the standings with 6 Top-5s, 14 Top-10s and 7 DNFs.

2018: Final season at Stewart-Haas
In the summer of 2017, Busch and Stewart-Haas Racing were visibly struggling to re-sign Busch as it was announced that SHR had not "picked up the option" to re-sign Kurt. Despite this, Busch and SHR signed a one-year deal for him to continue driving their No. 41 Ford in 2018. Busch started the 2018 season with the pole at Texas. He repeated this at Michigan and New Hampshire. Busch would get his only win of the season in the night race at Bristol, snapping a 58-race winless streak and locking him in the 2018 Playoffs. His consistency had advanced him as far as the Round of 8 of the Playoffs before he was eliminated at Phoenix due to a late crash with Denny Hamlin and Chase Elliott. Busch finished the season seventh in the points standings. On December 2, 2018, Busch announced that he will not return to Stewart-Haas Racing in 2019.

Chip Ganassi Racing

2019

On December 4, 2018, it was confirmed that Busch and sponsor Monster Energy will move to the Chip Ganassi Racing No. 1 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 in the 2019 season. As he signed a one-year deal with the team, it was believed that this would have been his final full-time season in NASCAR competition.

At the Pennzoil 400, Busch's No. 1 car had sponsorship from Star Nursery, and the car's livery was based on Busch's first NASCAR victory in the AutoZone Elite Division. He came in second to his brother Kyle at the 2019 Food City 500 with his second 1–2 finish and scored his first win with CGR at Kentucky, beating his brother Kyle on the final restart. It was the third time the Busch brothers finished 1–2, but the first time Kurt emerged the victor. Despite making the playoffs, Busch was eliminated in the Round of 16 after finishing 20th at the Charlotte Roval. On November 2, 2019, CGR officially announced that Busch has signed on with the No. 1 team for at least two more years.

2020
Busch managed to make the 2020 playoffs without winning a race by staying consistent with four top-fives and 14 top-10 finishes. He scored his 32nd career win and his first of 2020 at Las Vegas; the win secured him a spot in the Round of 8.

2021

Busch started 2021 with 1 top-five and 2 top-10 finishes in the first three races, however, his results dropped off; he would not finish in the top-10 again until the 16th race at Sonoma. He finished 6th and sparked a run of three consecutive top-eight finishes. On June 30, 2021, Justin Marks, co-founder of Trackhouse Racing Team announced that he had purchased Chip Ganassi Racing's entire NASCAR operations after the 2021 season, which left Busch as a free agent. On July 11, Kurt held off younger brother Kyle to win the Quaker State 400 at Atlanta, locking himself into the playoffs, and securing his last ever 1-2 finish against him. Busch was eliminated from the playoffs following the conclusion of the Round of 16 at Bristol. He finished the season 11th in the points standings.

23XI Racing

2022: Last full-time season

On August 27, 2021, it was revealed that Busch will pilot the No. 45 Toyota Camry for 23XI Racing in 2022. Busch began his 2022 season with a 19th-place finish at the 2022 Daytona 500. Despite a promising start with top-five finishes at Phoenix and Atlanta, he suffered from poor finishes at COTA, Richmond, Bristol dirt, Dover, and Darlington. However, he rebounded with a win at Kansas.

Career-ending accident at Pocono
At the Pocono race, Busch was not medically cleared after a crash during qualifying, and subsequently missed the last five races of the regular season. Xfinity Series driver Ty Gibbs substituted for Busch during his recovery from symptoms of a concussion. On August 25, Busch announced he withdrew his request for a playoff waiver, marking the first time since 2012 that he missed the playoffs. On October 16, he announced he would step away from full-time competition in 2023, with the possibility of running the season on a part-time basis. However, on August 26, 2023, Kurt announced that he was retiring from NASCAR Cup Series competition for good.

NHRA
Busch began training in January 2011 under veteran NHRA Pro Stock driver Allen Johnson and obtained his NHRA Pro Stock competition license. He made his drag racing competition debut on March 10 at the 42nd annual Tire Kingdom Gatornationals in Gainesville. On March 12, 2011, Busch qualified in the Pro Stock field and made his first professional drag racing Elimination-round start on March 13, 2011, losing to Erica Enders by 0.004 seconds. Busch is only the fourth driver to cross over between NASCAR and NHRA, the other three being Tony Stewart, Richard Petty and John Andretti.

Open-wheel racing
In 2003, during CART's pre-season test at Sebring International Raceway, Busch tested a Champ Car for three-time CART champion Bobby Rahal. Ford, Busch's manufacturer in Winston Cup at the time, was CART's exclusive engine supplier, and the test was merely for fun rather than evaluation. Driving a car fielded for Michel Jourdain Jr. (who later tried NASCAR), Busch was pleased with the experience, though he was several seconds off pacesetter Oriol Servia's time.

In 2013, it was announced that Busch would test an IndyCar for Andretti Autosport, owned by 1991 CART champion Michael Andretti, at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Andretti, the defending championship team, used Chevrolet engines, as Busch's Furniture Row Racing team does in Sprint Cup. Busch did not comment on whether or not he was preparing for Indianapolis 500. In January 2014, he insisted that he is interested in competing at the Indianapolis 500.

It was announced on March 4, 2014, that Busch would attempt to qualify for the 2014 Indianapolis 500, driving a fifth car for the Andretti Autosport team, and attempt to perform double duty: racing in both the Indianapolis 500 and the Coca-Cola 600 on the same day.

Busch started 12th in the Indy 500. After riding along throughout the race, Busch became more competitive. He finished sixth and received praise from his fellow NASCAR racers for his finish. However, his attempt to do the full 1,100 miles of both races ended 191 miles short when the engine on his Charlotte car blew on lap 273.

Other racing
On October 21, 2014, Busch announced he would race in the 2014 Race of Champions for Team USA alongside IndyCar's Ryan Hunter-Reay. He also competed alongside his brother Kyle Busch in the 2017 Race of Champions for Team USA NASCAR, ultimately losing to Team Germany's Sebastian Vettel in the final round of the Nations' Cup.

Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time.  – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

Cup Series

Daytona 500

Nationwide Series

Camping World Truck Series

 Season still in progress
 Ineligible for series points

24 Hours of Daytona
(key)

American open–wheel racing results
(key)

IndyCar Series

 ** Podium (Non-win) indicates second or third-place finishes.
 *** Top-tens (Non-podium) indicates fourth through tenth-place finishes.

Indianapolis 500

International Race of Champions
(key) (Bold – Pole position. * – Most laps led.)

References

External links

 10 Questions with Kurt Busch – July 2005 interview of the defending Nextel Cup champ , nascar.com
espn.go.com

1978 births
Living people
Racing drivers from Las Vegas
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
NASCAR drivers
International Race of Champions drivers
Dragster drivers
IndyCar Series drivers
Indianapolis 500 drivers
Indianapolis 500 Rookies of the Year
NASCAR Cup Series champions
University of Arizona alumni
American people of German descent
RFK Racing drivers
Team Penske drivers
Stewart-Haas Racing drivers
Chip Ganassi Racing drivers
NASCAR controversies
Kyle Busch Motorsports drivers
Multimatic Motorsports drivers
Wayne Taylor Racing drivers
Andretti Autosport drivers
Durango High School (Nevada) alumni

Kurt Busch


Le Chant nuptial, op. 128, est une œuvre de la compositrice Mel Bonis, datant de 1926.

Composition
Mel Bonis compose son Chant nuptial pour violon avec accompagnement de harpe ou de piano et orgue ad lib. en 1926. L'œuvre est alors intitulé . Elle est publiée en 1928 par les éditions Hamelle.

Analyse
Comme beaucoup des œuvres postérieures à 1903, le Chant nuptial est proche du style des compositeurs de l'avant-garde musicale du début du .

Réception

Références

Sources

Liens externes

Œuvre de Mel Bonis
Œuvre réalisée en 1926

Chant nuptial


Vainglory este un joc video de gen MOBA, elaborat și lansat de către Super Evil Megacorp pe platformele iOS și Android. Jocul este o luptă online 3 vs 3, scopul căreia este distrugerea cristalului inamicilor sau acumularea a 15 puncte (în dependență de modul de joc).

Elaborarea jocului a început în anul 2012, imediat după întemeierea Super Evil Megacorp; a fost lansat pe data de 16 noiembrie 2014 pe iOS, și mai apoi, pe 2 iulie 2015 pe Android.

De atunci, jocul a trecut prin diferite schimbări a graficii, au apărut noi moduri de joc și au fost adăugați o mulțime de eroi și obiecte noi.

Datorită plusurilor sale, care au fost remarcate de site-uri precum IGN,  MOBAFire, MMORPG.com și chiar și de jucători, Vainglory a devenit populară destul de rapid, ceea ce a ajutat-o să treacă la "un nivel nou". Acest joc este prima disciplină în sport electronic pentru smartphone-uri.

În momentul dat, în joc există 31 de eroi și mai mult de 80 de înfățișări, fiecare unice.

Campionat mondial
 Câștigătorii primului campionat mondial sunt Phoenix Armada

Legături externe
 Site-ul oficial
 Site-ul oficial a SEMC
 Descărcați pe Google Play
 Descărcați în App Store
 Pagina neoficială a jocului pe Facebook (pentru vorbitorii de limba română)

Jocuri video

Vainglory


Ekstraksiyon, bir çözelti ya da süspansiyon içindeki inorganik veya organik bir maddeyi bir başka çözücü yardımıyla ayırma işlemidir. Kimyada bilinenin aksine bir saflaştırma değil ayırma yöntemi olarak kullanılır.

Asidik, bazik ve nötral organik bileşiklerin ayrılmasında ya da saflaştırılmasında kimyasal aktif ekstraksiyon yöntemi kullanılır. Buna göre asidik bir madde uygun bir baz ile, bazik maddede uygun bir asit ile tepkimeye sokularak tuz oluşturulur ve su fazına çekilmesi sağlanır. Her ekstraksiyondan sonra nötral yapıdaki bileşik organik fazda kalacak ve sulu faz ayırma hunisinin alt kısmında ayrı bir faz olarak yer alacaktır. Sulu faza geçen organik bileşiğin iyonu, sulu faz ayrıldıktan sonra tekrar asit veya baz ile tepkimeye sokulup organik bileşik ekstrakte edilir.

Sıvı-sıvı ekstraksiyon
Sıvı-sıvı ekstraksiyon'da ayırma hunisi kullanılır. Bu yöntem iki sıvının yoğunluk farkından yararlanılarak uygulanır. Karışım ayırma hunisine konulduğunda yoğunluğu küçük olan sıvı üstte, büyük olan ise altta toplanır. Yoğunlukları birbirine yakın olan maddeler kolay ayrılmaz. Bu durumda su fazını, NaCl gibi bir tuzla doyurup yoğunluğunu arttırmak gerekir ya da ayırma hunisini çalkalayarak ayrılma sağlanır. Su içindeki organik maddeyi, organik çözücü fazına alabilmek için ayırma hunisi çalkalanırken çalkaladıkça oluşan gazın çıkması için musluk hafifçe açılır. Gaz çıkışı bitene kadar bu işlem devam ettirilir. Daha sonra üstteki faz musluğun hizasına gelinceye kadar alt faz huniden boşaltılır. Sonra üst faz üst kapaktan alınır. Çünkü bu faz da musluktan akıtılırsa altta az da olsa kalmış olan diğer madde üst faza karışıp safsızlık oluşturabilir...

Katı-sıvı ekstraksiyon
Katı-sıvı ekstraksiyon başlıca doğal ve biyolojik örneklerle ilgili uygulamalarda kullanılır.

Katı-sıvı ekstraksiyonunda katının içerdiği maddelerden biri veya bir bölümü uygun bir çözgen ile ekstrakte edilir. Katıların ekstraksiyonu genellikle uzun zaman aldığı için sürekli ekstraksiyon yöntemleri tercih edilir. Maddenin katı içinden diffüzlenmesi yavaş bir işlem olduğu için katı örnek ince toz haline dönüştürüldükten sonra ekstrakte edilmelidir. Böylece maddenin çözgenle daha fazla teması sağlanır.

Katı-sıvı ekstraksiyonda ise Soxhlet Ekstraktörü denen bir cihaz kullanılır.

Soxhlet ekstraksiyon cihazı
Soxhlet ekstraksiyon yöntemi narin bitkilerden yüksek miktarda fakat en basit ve en ucuz yolla essansiyal yağ elde etmek için kullanılır.

Soxhlet ekstraksiyon yöntemini uygulayabilmek için katı materyal kurutulur, küçük parçalara ayrılır ve bu katı parçacıklar selülozdan yapılmış olan ekstraksiyon kartuşuna doldurulur. Bu kartuş da ekstraksiyon kolunun içine yerleştirilir. Cam balona solvent olarak kullanılacak kimyasal madde konulur ve ısıtıcı yardımıyla bu maddenin buharlaşması sağlanır. Buharlaşan çözgen ekstraksiyon kolundan geçerek geri soğutucuya ulaşır. Geri soğutucuda yoğunlaşan çözgen tekrar ekstraksiyon koluna gelerek kartuş içerisinde bulunan maddeyi çözer ve cam balona geri döner. İşte bu işlem sürekli tekrarlanarak ekstraksiyon tamamlanmış olur.

Ekstraksiyon


Os Outros (filme)
 Os Outros (telessérie)
Personagens na ficção
 Os Outros (DC Comics)
 Os Outros (Game of Thrones)

Desambiguação

Os Outros


Auberge de Castille (maltesisk: Berġa ta' Kastilja) er en bygning i Maltas hovedstad Valletta. Den blev oprindeligt bygget i 1570'erne, til at huse Johanniterordenens castilianske gren. Den nuværende bygning stammer fra 1740'erne og bruges nu til Maltas statsminister.

Eksterne henvisninger

Valletta
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Malta

Auberge de Castille


Splin este o trupă de muzică rock rusească formată în Sankt Petersburg.

Formații_pop_rock

Splin


Mallobaud fut en 338 un des chefs  francs qui précédèrent Clovis.

Quoique franc, il servit en tant qu'officier dans l'armée romaine.

Lorsque Silvanus, le chef de la tribu franque à laquelle appartenait Mallobaud fut accusé de trahison par l'empereur  Constance II, il prit sa défense et proposa de se constituer otage pendant que Malaric, un autre officier franc irait chercher Sylvanus. Cependant Silvanus, affolé par l'accusation, se proclame empereur et fut tué peu après, en 355. Malaric devint alors le chef des Francs jusqu'à sa mort en 358. Malaric lui succèdera brièvement avant de mourir la même année.

Références

Bibliographie

 Julien-Marie Le Huërou, Histoire des institutions mérovingiennes et du gouvernement des Mérovingiens, Joubert, 1843, 524 pages, p. 472.
 Zozime, Histoire Nouvelle,  .
 Ammien Marcellin, Histoire de Rome, livre XXVII, chapitre I.
 .
 .
 .

Personnalité du IVe siècle
Chef franc
Décès en 338
Antiquité tardive

Mallobaud Ier


Enzio Enriue Serafini, mais conhecido como Henrique Serafini ou Serafini (São Paulo, 1 de agosto de 1904), é um ex-futebolista brasileiro que atuava como volante.

Um Volante implacável na marcação, se destacou pela primeira vez no quadro de iniciantes do Palmeiras em 1923, mesmo ano no qual estreou entre os profissionais com vitória sobre o Corinthians. Em sua primeira passagem pelo Palmeiras, foi fundamental para o bicampeonato paulista em 1926 e 1927, feito que só veio a repetir-se em 1994. Depois de temporadas na Lazio, voltou ao Palmeiras para encerrar sua carreira. Em seus áureos tempos, junto com os companheiros Pepe e Gogliardo, formou uma histórica linha média, conhecida como "Sissi, Gasosa e Guaraná", três populares refrigerantes da época.

Ao todo jogou 199 pelo Palestra e 96 Pela Lazio da Itália. Fez 11 Gols e jogou 14 temporadas

Títulos

 Palmeiras

 Campeonato Paulista: 1926, 1927
 Campeonato Paulista (Extra): 1926

Futebolistas da Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras

Enzio Enrique Serafini


Teapacks (también conocidos como Tipex) (en Hebreo: טיפקס) fue una banda Israelí que se formó en 1988 en el sur de la ciudad de Sederot.

Cada miembro del grupo tiene una nacionalidad distinta; Tunecino, Marroquí, Rumano, Sirio, Polaco, Ruso y de ascendencia Yemenita. Teapacks ganó popularidad al interpretar música tradicional Israelí-oriental combinada con ligeras insinuaciones cómicas. Su vocalista, Kobi Oz, es conocido en Israel por looks excéntricos y su estilo. La banda ha lanzado siete álbumes de estudio y una compilación de grandes éxitos, que en conjunto han vendido más de 300,000 copias. Teapacks ha sido elegido como "La Mejor Banda del Año" en numerosas ocasiones por varias emisoras de radio Israelíes.

Eurovisión 2007

En 2007, Teapacks fueron elegidos para representar a Israel en el Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión 2007, que se celebró en Helsinki, Finlandia, con la canción "Push the Button", donde no lograron pasar a la final, obteniendo la 24ª  posición con 17 puntos. La canción, generó bastante controversia, por hacer referencia a Irán y a una posible guerra nuclear.

Discografía
Álbumes de estudio
 Shvil Klipot Hagarinim (1992)
 Ha'acharon Ba'asiron Hatachton (1993)
 Hachaim Shelcha Be'laffa (1995)
 Klavim Lo Novchim Beyarok (1996) (Motion Picture Soundtrack)
 Neshika Ladod (A Kiss to the Uncle) (1997)
 Disco Menayak (1999)
 Yoshvim Beveit Caffe (2001)
 Kol Halehitim (2003)
 Radio Musica Ivrit (2006)
 Haosef Haromanti (2010)

Sencillos
 "Push the Button" (2007)

Enlaces externos

Referencias

Grupos de rock de Israel
Grupos de pop de Israel
Grupos de música formados en 1988
Participantes en Eurovisión 2007
Representantes de Israel en Eurovisión

Teapacks


Konvencionalni rat oblik je ratovanja u kojem se rabi konvencionalno oružje i taktika. On se odvija između vojski dviju ili više zemalja pri otvorenim sukobu. Snage na obje strane su jasno definirani i uporaba konvencionalnih oružja, a ne i nuklearno, kemijsko ili biološko oružje.

Glavna svrha konvencionalnog ratovanja je uništenje ili umanjenje protivnikovih vojnih snaga.

Povezani članci
Hibridni rat
Asimetrično ratovanje

Vojna znanost

Konvencionalni rat


Hermann Ewald Robert Walch (* 31. Mai 1906 in Hildesheim; † 29. April 1945) war ein deutscher politischer Aktivist, SA-Führer, zuletzt im Rang eines SA-Brigadeführers, und ehrenamtliches Mitglied des Volksgerichtshofes.

Leben und Tätigkeit

Früher Werdegang
Walch war der Sohn eines Architekten, der bis 1912 als Professor an der Baugewerksschule in Höxter an der Weser lehrte. Sein Urgroßvater war der Komponist Robert Schumann. Nach dem Schulbesuch, den er mit dem Abitur an einem Gymnasium abschloss, absolvierte er eine Lehre zum Zimmermann. Ergänzend dazu erhielt er bis zum Herbst 1923 Unterricht im Bereich Architektur.

Bereits in frühen Jahren begann Walch sich in den Kreisen der extremen politischen Rechten zu betätigen: Als Vierzehnjähriger schloss er sich 1920 dem Deutsch-Völkischen Schutz- und Trutzbund in Höxter an. Nach dem Verbot dieses Verbandes wurde er Mitglied der Knappschaft und dann Jungmann im Jungdeutschen Orden, den er jedoch verließ als dieser angeblich in ein "antinationales Fahrwasser" geriet.

Laufbahn in der NS-Bewegung bis 1933
Im Sommer 1923 trat Walch in den Bismarckbund ein und kurz danach wurde er zum 1. Oktober 1923 Mitglied der NSDAP – er war damit eines der ersten zehn Parteimitglieder der Partei in seiner Heimatstadt. Nach dem Verbot der NSDAP im Anschluss an die Ereignisse des Hitler-Putsches vom November 1923 schloss er sich mit einigen Gesinnungsgenossen im Völkisch-Sozialen Block zusammen.

Im November 1928 kam Walch nach Berlin, wo er eine Stellung als Bauführer in Berlin-Tempelhof annahm. Später übte er denselben Beruf in Berlin-Schöneberg aus. Der NSDAP gehörte er dort in der Sektion Schöneberg an, für die er zunächst als Zellenobmann und Organisationsleiter tätig war.

In Berlin begann Walch 1928 auch aktiv im Straßenkampfverband der NSDAP, der Sturmabteilung (SA), zu betätigen: Vom 1. November 1928 bis 1. Juli 1929 gehörte er dem SA-Sturm 15, von Oktober 1929 bis März 1931 dem Sturm 9, von März 1931 bis April 1931 dem Sturmbann II/2 und von April 1931 bis 16. Mai 1931 erneut dem Sturm 9 an. Als SA-Mitglied beteiligte Walch sich in diesen Jahren insbesondere an gewaltsamen Auseinandersetzungen der SA mit den Organisationen der Sozialdemokraten und der Kommunisten in Schöneberg.

Im Gefolge des Stennes-Putsches vom April 1931 stieg Walch in führende Stellungen in der SA auf: Von Mai 1931 bis zum 15. September 1931 stand Walch als Führer an der Spitze des SA-Sturms 9, um dann von September 1931 bis zum 10. April 1933 den Sturmbann III/21 zu führen und gehörte somit zur SA-Gruppe Berlin-Brandenburg.

Einer Beschuldigung des Spandauer SA-Chefs Gottlieb Rösner aus dem Jahr 1935 zufolge soll Walch sich im April 1931 beim Aufstand von Teilen der Berliner SA gegen die Münchener Parteiführung während des sogenannten Stennes-Putsches in einer "führenden Rolle" beteiligt haben. Nach der Niederschlagung der Stennes-Revolte soll er sich zeitweise zurückgezogen haben, um bald danach von Karl Ernst, der zu dieser Zeit als Adjutant bzw. Stabsführer der Berliner SA amtierte, eine neue Verwendung erhalten zu haben. Im September 1931 erhielt Walch jedenfalls das Kommando über den SA-Sturmbann III/2.

Leben im NS-Staat
Kurz nach dem Machtantritt der Nationalsozialisten im Frühjahr 1933 wurde Walch im März 1933 zum Führer der neuaufgestellten SA-Standarte 18 ernannt, die er de facto bis zu den Ereignissen des Röhm-Putsches vom Sommer 1934, formal bis zum 31. Juli 1934, führte. In dieser Stellung stand Walch unter anderem in direktem persönlichen Kontakt zum Berliner Gauleiter Joseph Goebbels, der ihn unter anderem in sein Vorgehen gegen seinen Gegner Hans Reupke einbezog.

Ebenfalls 1934 wurde Walch als eines von dreiundzwanzig ehrenamtlichen Mitgliedern des ersten Senats des nationalsozialistischen Volksgerichtshofes berufen. Nach Eberhard Taubert war er damit das zweitjüngste ehrenamtliche Mitglied dieser Körperschaft.

Nach dem allgemeinen Stellenrevirement in der Berliner SA im Gefolge der Ereignisse des Röhm-Putsches wurde Walch im August 1934 mit der Führung der SA-Brigade 31 (Berlin-Süd) beauftragt, die er bis zum 31. März 1935 führte. Anschließend führte er vom April 1935 bis zum 14. Juni 1936 die SA-Brigade 28. Mit der Beförderung zum SA-Brigadeführer im November 1935 erreichte er seinen höchsten SA-Rang.

In den folgenden Jahren leitete Walch ein Strafgefangenenlager. In der SA hatte er seit Oktober 1936 formal die Stellung eines Führers z.V. der Brigade 29 inne.

Ab 1942 nahm Walch als Offizier am Zweiten Weltkrieg teil. Er starb unmittelbar vor Kriegsende bei Kampfhandlungen. Sein Grab befindet sich auf der Kriegsgräberstätte in Nusplingen.

Beförderungen

Beförderungen in der SA
 2. Juli 1929: SA-Scharführer
 16. Mai 1931: SA-Sturmführer
 8. März 1931: SA-Sturmbannführer
 16. September 1931: SA-Obersturmbannführer
 15. Juni 1933: SA-Standartenführer
 9. Juni 1934: SA-Oberführer
 9. November 1935: SA-Brigadeführer

Nachlass
Im Bundesarchiv haben sich Personalunterlagen zu Walch erhalten. Namentlich finden sich im Bestand des ehemaligen Berlin Document Center eine Akte mit Parteikorrespondenz und eine SA-Personalakte zu Walch (SA-Mikrofilm 298-B, Bilder 943–954).

Literatur
 Bernt Engelmann: Auf gut deutsch! Ein Bernt Engelmann-Lesebuch, Bertelsmann, München 1981, S. 94. ISBN 3-570-00828-2.
 Institut für Zeitgeschichte (Herausgeber): Akten der Partei-Kanzlei der NSDAP. Rekonstruktion eines verloren gegangenen Bestandes, 1983, Vorgang Nr. 10950.

Einzelnachweise

Richter (Volksgerichtshof)
SA-Mitglied
NSDAP-Mitglied
Mitglied im Jungdeutschen Orden
Mitglied im Deutschvölkischen Schutz- und Trutzbund
Deutscher
Geboren 1906
Gestorben 1945
Mann

Hermann Walch


Ein Vorposten des Fortschritts (engl. Originaltitel An Outpost of Progress) ist eine Kurzerzählung von Joseph Conrad aus dem Jahre 1896.

Schauplatz der Geschichte ist eine Handelsstation in einem zentralafrikanischen Land, bei dem es sich mutmaßlich um Belgisch Kongo handelt. Die Protagonisten der Erzählung sind die für die Station zuständigen Europäer Kayerts und Carlier, die sich als unfähig erweisen, ihre Umgebung und die afrikanische Kultur zu verstehen. Die daraus resultierenden katastrophalen Ereignisse gipfeln schließlich im Tod beider Protagonisten.

Ähnlich wie in Conrads Herz der Finsternis thematisiert die Erzählung das Scheitern des Versuchs, die Zivilisation und den Fortschritt nach Afrika zu bringen. Jedoch spielen in der Kurzgeschichte die Faktoren der Unfähigkeit und Ignoranz im Gegensatz zu Herz der Finsternis eine zentrale Rolle.

Handlung
Die Erzählung beginnt damit, dass Kayerts und Carlier mit dem Flussdampfer anreisend ihre Stelle  auf einem Außenposten im Kongo antreten. Während Kayerts als Leiter der Station eingesetzt wird, erhält Carlier nur den Posten eines Assistenten. Neben der Station lebt der aus Sierra Leone stammende "zivilisierte Nigger" Henry Price, der von allen nur Makola genannt wird, mit seiner aus Luanda stammenden Frau.

Zu Anfang sind beide Europäer noch voller Tatendrang, der sich darin äußert, dass sich beide bemühen, die Station zu renovieren. Mit der Zeit geben sie aber dieses Vorhaben auf und beschränken sich darauf, Elfenbein von den umliegenden eingeborenen Stämmen einzukaufen, wobei Makola die Hauptarbeit übernimmt, während sich die beiden Weißen darauf beschränken, die Vorgänge zu beobachten und Witze über das Aussehen der Eingeborenen zu reißen.

Des Weiteren erfährt der Leser im Verlauf der Geschichte, dass die Station durch einen benachbarten Eingeborenenstamm, dessen Oberhaupt Gobila die weißen Europäer für gottähnliche Wesen hält, mit Lebensmitteln versorgt wird.

Die Geschichte erfährt eine entscheidende Wendung, als Sklavenhändler von der Küste auftauchen und eine größere Menge Elfenbein zum Verkauf anbieten. Durch Makolas Vermittlung lassen sich Kayerts und Carlier schließlich auf ein Geschäft mit den Fremden ein, ohne zu wissen, was diese als Preis für das Elfenbein verlangen.

In der Nacht, in der das Elfenbein von den Fremden ins Lager gebracht wird, hören Kayerts und Carlier einen Tumult in der Station auf den ein Schuss folgt. Als diese allerdings nach dem Rechten sehen wollen, werden sie von Makola dazu gedrängt, wieder in ihre Hütte zu gehen. Erst am nächsten Morgen erkennen beide, dass die Sklavenhändler als Preis für das Elfenbein alle eingeborenen Arbeiter der Station entführt haben, um sie als Sklaven zu verkaufen. Ebenfalls stellen sie fest, dass Gobilas Dorf von den Fremden verwüstet worden ist.

Diese Ereignisse führen schließlich dazu, dass die Station nicht mehr von Gobilas Stamm versorgt wird, weshalb Kayerts und Carlier mit der Zeit die Vorräte ausgehen. Als sich schließlich das Dampfschiff, welches regelmäßig die Station anlaufen soll, verspätet, eskaliert ein Streit um die letzten Zuckerreserven, in dessen Verlauf Kayerts Carlier im Affekt erschießt. Ersterer hängt sich am darauf folgenden Tag aus Verzweiflung auf. Just in diesem Moment erreicht der Dampfer mit den lang ersehnten Versorgungsgütern und dem Direktor der Handelsgesellschaft an Bord die Handelsstation. Dieser findet schließlich die Leichen seiner beiden Angestellten.

Thematik
In der Erzählung thematisiert Joseph Conrad das Scheitern des zivilisatorischen Auftrags, dem sich beide Protagonisten verschrieben haben. So wird zu Beginn der Geschichte die Idee geäußert, dass der Fortschritt dem Handel folgt. Doch im Laufe der Handlung wird gezeigt, dass diese Vorstellung von der Realität ad absurdum geführt wird. Dies ist zum einen darauf zurückzuführen, dass weder Kayerts noch Carlier sich bemühen, diesem zivilisatorischen Auftrag nachzukommen. Zum anderen erscheinen beide unfähig, die afrikanische Kultur zu verstehen, was sich teils im arroganten Verhalten gegenüber den Eingeborenen äußert.

Hinzu kommt die Gier nach Elfenbein, die schließlich beiden Protagonisten zum Verhängnis wird. Somit wird am Ende deutlich, dass der Handel nicht zur Verbreitung des Fortschritts beiträgt, sondern eher zu neuer Barbarei führt, wodurch die Ironie der gesamten Geschichte deutlich wird.

Dieser Eindruck wird noch dadurch verstärkt, dass die Protagonisten am Ende im Streit um die letzten Zuckervorräte ein barbarisches Verhalten an den Tag legen, welches den Gedanken, dass ausgerechnet diese Personen die Zivilisation und den Fortschritt etablieren sollen, lächerlich erscheinen lässt.

Ausgaben (Auswahl)
 Echoes of the Empire - The Mixed Voices of a Colonial Past: 20th Century English Short Story. Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn 2004, ISBN 978-3140412247
An Outpost of Progress. Ashgrove House Publishing, London 2011, ISBN 978-1908268051
Outpost of Progress. Travelman Publishing, Plymouth 2003, ISBN 978-1860920431

Verfilmung
Der portugiesische Regisseur und Drehbuchautor Hugo Vieira da Silva adaptierte die Erzählung für das Kino und siedelte den Stoff dazu in der Portugiesischen Kolonialgeschichte an. Der Film kam 2016 unter dem portugiesischsprachigen Titel Posto Avançado do Progresso in die Kinos, mit Nuno Lopes und Ivo Alexandre in den Hauptrollen. Er lief auf einer Reihe Filmfestivals (darunter die Viennale 2016 und die Berlinale 2016, hier in der Sektion Forum) und war 2017 in Portugal für einige Filmpreise nominiert, darunter der Drehbuchpreis der Sociedade Portuguesa de Autores und der portugiesische Filmpreis Prémios Sophia. Er erschien danach auch als DVD.

Einzelnachweise

Literarisches Werk
Erzählung
Literatur (19. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Englisch)
Kolonialliteratur
Werk von Joseph Conrad

Ein Vorposten des Fortschritts


Mody ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Ashoka Mody (* 1956), indischer Ökonom
 Pervez Mody, indischer Konzertpianist
 Salifou Mody (* 1962), nigrischer General und Diplomat

MODY steht als Abkürzung für:
 Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young, erbliche Diabetesformen

Siehe auch:
 Modi

Abkürzung

Mody


Las relaciones por Internet o también llamadas relaciones virtuales son relaciones interpersonales, incluyendo relaciones íntimas, entre personas que se han conocido en línea, y en muchos casos se conocen solo por Internet. Las relaciones en línea son similares en muchas maneras a las relaciones de amigos por correspondencia.

Historia
En un comienzo eran comunes las salas de chat, donde era posible contactar en una sala común a diferentes usuarios en línea que comparten intereses en común de forma casi anónima, con la posibilidad de ingresar sin registrarse, simplemente con un apodo y sin fotografía. El contacto virtual podía mantenerse únicamente en el sitio web del chat o trasladarse al correo electrónico o en algún servicio de mensajería instantánea. En muchos de los casos, ya sea por la relativa distancia o por el querer mantener el anonimato dentro de Internet, estas relaciones en línea no se concretaban en la realidad y permanecían únicamente dentro del ciberespacio. A partir de fines del ; se hizo más fácil para las personas establecer relaciones significativas en línea. Desde el desarrollo de la banda ancha en Internet, las amistades en línea han cambiado significativamente. Ya en el , la aparición y masificación de nuevos mecanismos  para favorecer los encuentros reales desde la virtualidad, como las redes sociales y los sitios de encuentros especializados en la búsqueda de pareja, favoreció un cambio en la dinámica de cómo se inicia y se va desarrollando una eventual relación por Internet. En esa línea, los teléfonos inteligentes han facilitado aún más la posibilidad de concretar encuentros reales desde lo virtual, con la creación de aplicaciones de citas en línea, que utilizan la geolocalización mediante el uso de GPS, cuyo propósito es contactarse con personas para poder flirtear en las cercanías y así evitar un "amor a distancia". Es posible tener conversaciones en audio y tiempo real en Internet a través de una videollamada (creando así la telepresencia). Las personas que están en una relación en línea también pueden participar del cibersexo, que es un encuentro sexual en que dos o más personas conectadas en forma remota por la computadora o teléfono se envían mensajes sexualmente explícitos describiendo una experiencia sexual.

Impacto psicológico
Los psicólogos en al menos un estudio encontraron que las citas por Internet pueden ser exitosas.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Dwyer, Diana (2000) Interpersonal Relationships (Routledge Modular Psychology)
 Englehardt, E.E. (2001), Ethical Issues in Interpersonal Communication: Friends, Intimates, Sexuality, Marriage, and Family, Hartcourt College Publishers, Fort Worth, TX,
 Schnarch, D. (1997). Sex, intimacy, and the internet. Journal of Sex Education, 22(1), 15–20.

Internet
Relaciones interpersonales
Relaciones íntimas
Amistad

Relación por Internet


Marian Rabinovici (în ebraică:'מריאן רבינוביץ n.18 octombrie 1934 Bucuresti - 11 august 2010) a fost un medic geriatru și gerontolog israelian, dintre pionierii geriatriei de reabilitare și ai medicinei paliative în Israel, eseist, scriitor și sculptor, evreu originar din România.

Biografie
Marian Rabinovici s-a născut la București în anul 1934 într-o familie de evrei. A început studii de medicină la Universitatea din București, dar in anul al cincilea a fost exmatriculat din cauza cererii familiei de a emigra în Israel. A fost nevoit o vreme să-și câștige pâinea ca lucrător la morgă.
În 1962 a obținut permisul de emigrare și și-a reluat studiile de medicină la Universitatea Ebraică din Ierusalim. Ca student a cunoscut-o pe Babette, viitoarea sa soție, și ea originară din România. Cei doi s-au căsătorit la sinagoga din Givat Ram în apropierea universității la Ierusalim. Apoi s-au perfecționat în Israel în medicină internă, iar apoi au plecat la perfecționare la Los Angeles, El s-a profilat pe medicină de reabilitare și geriatrie, iar ea - pe cardiologie.
În 1973 s-au întors in Israel, unde Rabinovici a înființat centrul de geriatrie al Spitalului Sheba din Tel Hashomer, primul de acest tip din Israel. În anul 1974 a înființat serviciul geriatric comunitar. În anii 1981-1983 a condus un thinking tank care a preconizat și organizat crearea primului Hospice modern din Israel,destinat bolnavilor în fază terminală, cu cooperarea Asociației de combaterea cancerului, a Ministerului Sănătății și a marii case sindicale de asigurări medicale Kupat Holim Klalit. Modelul acestui centru medical a fost hospice-ul britanic Saint Christopher înființat de Cicely Saunders. Serviciul medical al hospice-ului la Tel Hashomer a fost asigurat permanent de serviciul geriatric al spitalului de sub conducerea dr Rabinovici.
În anul 1984 dr Rabinovici a publicat împreună cu dr Avraham Adonski în revista medicală locală "Harefuah articolul "Hospice - concepție despre lume", care a prevestit dezvoltarea medicinii paliative în Israel, apoi în 1987 tot în Harefuah", împreună cu dr Alexander Wald și dr Adonski a publicat articolul "Hospice - experiența de doi ani în activitatea unei secții medicale, prima de acest gen in Israel". În 1989 Asociația de combatere a cancerului a creat Hospice-ul la domiciliu, care a cooperat cu Hospice-ul de la Tel Hashomer și care a fost pus și el sub conducerea serviciului geriatric al dr Rabinovici.

În cărtile pe care le-a scris, Rabinovici și-a expus de pe poziția medicului și a omului de știință umanist, concepția cu privire la modul de adaptare al omului la procesul de îmbătrânire, la aprecierea rezilienței pacienților gariatrici , la relațiile dintre bolnavi și personalul medical în diversele faze ale îmbătrânirii și atitudinea oamenilor față de apropierea morții. Cartea sa "Giló shel adam" (Vârsta omului) care a apărut în mai multe ediții, a devenit o carte de căpătâi în cursurile de geriatrie din Israel.

După ce a ieșit la pensie, Rabinovici a dedicat mai mult timp scrisului (eseuri, memorii, proză și poezie) și sculpturii.
Majoritatea scrierilor le-a scris în original în limba engleză.
Rabinovici a trăit cu familia în moșavul Shoeva . A murit în anul 2010.
Sotia sa, Babette Rabinovici a fost un timp șeful catedrei de cardiologie la facultatea de medicină din Tel Aviv. Ulterior ea s-a consacrat artelor plastice. Cuplul a născut și crescut trei copii, dintre care cel mai mare, Dr Israel Rabinovici, este și el geriatru.

Cărți
1985 - The Six Ages of Man  - Giló shel adam  (Cele șase vârste ale omului - tradus în ebraică de Ami Shamir)
în 2003 ediție lărgită -  Gilo shel adam uzmano haishi (Vârsta omului și timpul său personal)
1989 -  Iov:scrisori ale unui medic (tradusă în ebraică de Myriam Ron)
1991  Moartea, Rilke și eu (tradusă în ebraică de Moshe Zinger, readactare - Dan Shavit) traducere a  versurilor autorului - Yedidia Peles
1995 - Beit Hazman (Casa timpului)
2003 - Anashim:myomanó shel rofé geriáter  (Oameni:din jurnalul unui medic geriatru)
2006 - Mokher hashaot  (Vânzătorul de ore)
2006 - Perot hazman' (Roadele timpului) ilustrată de Babette Rabinovici - apărută postum

Legături  externe

Lexicon al literaturii ebraice moderne, Univ Ohio - în ebraică

 Medici israelieni
Medici evrei
Absolvenți ai Universității Ebraice din Ierusalim
Evrei români
Eseiști
Memorialiști
Atei evrei
Scriitori evrei
Scriitori israelieni

Marian Rabinovici


The Wicker Man er en amerikansk gyserfilm fra 2006. Filmen er en genindspilning af den britiske The Wicker Man fra 1973 , og manuskriptforfatter og instruktør er Neil LaBute, mens Nicolas Cage og Ellen Burstyn har hovedrollerne.

Handling
Politimand Edward Malus (Nicolas Cage) modtager et brev fra hans tidligere forlovede, Willow Woodward (Kate Beahan), hvori hun beder ham om at komme til en lille ø i den nordvestlige Stillehav, hvor han skal undersøge forsvinden af Willows datter Rowan. Da Malus ankommer øen, opdager han et samfundet der bliver styrt af Søster Summerisle.

Alle kvinderne på øen er fjendtlige, og de få mænd, der bebor den, er alle stille og har tydeligvis fået deres tunger fjernet. Malus spørger alle indbyggerne på øen om det forsvundne barn, men får fortalt, at hun er brændt ihjel i en ulykke. Willow fortæller Malus at Rowan er hans egen datter, og at hun er sikker på, at Rowan vil hold fanget et eller andet sted. Malus frygter, at hans datter er ofret, eller skal ofres.

Malus bliver lokket til høstfesten, da han får et glimt af Rowan bundet til en pæl. Han redder hende og løber væk, men hun fører ham tilbage til gruppen af kvinder. Kvinderne fanger ham, brækker hans fødder og satte ham i et bur. Rowan holder en flammende fakkel, hentil en statue af en "Wicker Man" og Malus går op i flammer, mens Willow ser samtykkende til. Pigen var aldrig i fare, og øboernes virkelig plan var at ofre Malus. Det viser sig, at hele hans forhold til Willow var en del af en kompleks plan for at lokke ham til øen. Øboerne havde brug for en fremmed, som var knyttet til en af dem med blodsbånd. Selvom Malus kømper, han til sidst brændt levende på en "Wicker Man".

Da Malus bliver ført tilbage til gruppen af kvinder, nævner Søster Summerisle at alle folkene på øen er hendes børn. I en koloni af honningbier er alle i sværmen - med undtagelse af dronning - brøder eller søstre, og derfor har alle den samme mor. Da Malus bliver ofret synger kvinderne at "dronen skal dø", som er en reference til den mandlige honningbi, der er kendt som en drone. Når en drone har parret sig med dronningen, dør den kort tid efter, da den ofrer sig til koloniens bedste. Folkene på øen er et samfund i en bikoloni.

Medvirkende
 Nicolas Cage som Edward Malus
 Ellen Burstyn som Søster Summersisle
 Kate Beahan som Søster Willow
 Frances Conroy som Dr. Moss
 Leelee Sobieski som Søster Honey
 Diane Delano som Søster Beech
 Michael Wiseman som Pete
 Erika-Shaye Gair som Rowan
 Molly Parker som Søster Rose/Søster Torn
 Christa Campbell som Tjenerinde

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Amerikanske film fra 2006
Gyserfilm fra USA
Filmgenindspilninger
Religiøse Gyserfilm
Engelsksprogede film

The Wicker Man (film fra 2006)


El volcán Ata es un estratovolcán de 6501 metros de altitud que se ubica en la frontera entre Argentina y Chile (entre la argentina Provincia de Catamarca y la chilena Región de Atacama).

Ubicación

Considerado como uno de los volcanes más altos del mundo, se ubica en una pequeña cadena volcánica, relativamente cerca de la Laguna Verde. A unos 15 kilómetros, se ubica el nevado Ojos del Salado y al noroeste no tiene otro vecino gigante, por lo que su altura domina la depresión intermedia.

Véase también
 Seismiles de Salta
 Anexo:Volcanes más altos del mundo

Referencias

Ata
Estratovolcanes de Chile
Seismiles de la divisoria Argentina-Chile
Ata
Departamento Tinogasta

Volcán Ata


Antonio López oder Antonio Lopez ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Antonio Lopez (Illustrator) (1943–1987), US-amerikanischer Modezeichner
 Antonio López (Fußballspieler, 1981) (* 1981), spanischer Fußballspieler
 Antonio López (Fußballspieler, 1997), guatemaltekischer Fußballspieler
 Antonio López Aviña (1915–2004), mexikanischer Geistlicher, Erzbischof von Durango
 Antonio López Eire (1943–2008), spanischer Gräzist
 Antonio López García (* 1936), spanischer Maler und Bildhauer
 Antonio López Habas (* 1957), spanischer Fußballtrainer
 Antonio López Herranz (1913–1959), spanischer Fußballspieler und -trainer
 Antonio López-Istúriz White (* 1970), spanischer Politiker
 Antonio López y López, 1. Marquis Comillas (1817–1883), spanischer Unternehmer, Bankier und Reeder
 Antonio López Nieto (* 1958), spanischer Fußballschiedsrichter
 Antonio López Ojeda (* 1989), mexikanischer Fußballspieler
 Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876), mexikanischer General
 Antonio Benito López (* 1994), spanischer Triathlet
 Antonio Sahagún López (1917–2005), mexikanischer Geistlicher, Weihbischof in Guadalajara
 Antonio José López Castillo (1945–2021), venezolanischer Geistlicher, Erzbischof von Barquisimeto

Antonio López steht für:
 Antonio López (Schiff), spanisches Passagierschiff
 Antonio Lopes

Antonio López


تونيغاوا سوسومو (باليابانية: 利根川 進، وبالإنجليزية: Susumu Tonegawa) ـ (ولد في 6 سبتمبر 1939) عالم بيولوجيا جزيئية ومناعة ياباني، حصل على جائزة نوبل في الطب سنة 1987 لاكتشافه الآلية الوراثية التي تحكم تنوع الأجسام المضادة. من اهتماماته البحثية بحثه في العلاقة بين تخزين الخبرات الحياتية في الذاكرة طويلة الأمد من ناحية، وحجم وشكل التشابكات العصبية في قشرة الدماغ من ناحية أخرى. بالتعاون مع علماء أمريكيون ويابانيون وهنود في مركز بيكاور التابع لمعهد تكنولوجيا مساتشوستس الأمريكي، وجامعة جونز هوبكنز الأمريكية، ومعهد تاتا للأبحاث في الهند.

نشأته وتعليمه
وُلد تونيغاوا في ناغويا، اليابان، وارتاد مدرسة هيبيا الثانوية في طوكيو. وحين كان طالبًا في جامعة كيوتو، أعجب تونيغاوا بنظرية المشغل بعد قراءة أوراق بحثية لفرانسوا جاكوب وجاك مونو، ويرجع الفضل لهما جزئيًا في إلهامه ليهتم بعلم الأحياء الجزيئي. تخرج تونيغاوا من جامعة كيوتو في عام 1963، وبسبب الخيارات المحدودة لدراسة علم الأحياء الجزيئي في اليابان في ذلك الوقت، انتقل إلى جامعة كاليفورنيا، سان دييغو ليكمل دراسة الدكتوراه تحت إشراف الدكتور ماساكي هاياشي. ونال شهادة الدكتوراه في عام 1968.

مشواره المهني
تابع تونيغاوا عمله ما بعد الدكتوراه في معهد سولك في سان دييغو في مختبر ريناتو دولبيكو. وبتشجيع من الدكتور دولبيكو، انتقل تونيغاوا إلى معهد بازل لعلم المناعة في بازل، سويسرا في عام 1971، وهناك انتقل من علم الأحياء الجزيئي إلى دراسات علم المناعة، وأجرى دراسات علمية مهمة في علم المناعة.

في عام 1981، أصبح تونيغاوا أستاذًا في معهد ماساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا. وفي عام 1994، عُيّن كأول مدير لمركز معهد ماساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا للتعلم والذاكرة، والذي تطور تحت إشرافه ليصبح معهد بيكاور للتعلم والذاكرة. استقال تونيغاوا من منصبه في عام 2006، ويعمل حاليًا كأستاذ بيكاور لعلم الأعصاب والبيولوجيا وباحث في معهد هوارد هيوز الطبي.

عمل تونيغاوا أيضًا كمدير لمعهد ريكن لعلم الدماغ منذ عام 2009 حتى عام 2017.

أبحاثه

اكتشاف تنوع المناعة
أوضح عمل تونيغاوا الحائز على جائزة نوبل الآلية الجينية لجهاز المناعة التكيفي، والتي كانت القضية المركزية في علم المناعة لأكثر من 100 عام. قبل اكتشاف تونيغاوا، اقترحت فكرة مبكرة لشرح نظام المناعة التكيفي أن كل جين ينتج بروتينًا واحدًا. بشكل عام، هناك أقل من 19 ألف جين في جسم الإنسان، الذي يمكنه مع ذلك إنتاج ملايين الأجسام المضادة. في التجارب التي بدأت في عام 1976، أظهر تونيغاوا أن المادة الوراثية تعيد ترتيب نفسها لتشكيل الملايين من الأجسام المضادة. بمقارنة الحمض النووي في الخلايا البائية (نوع من خلايا الدم البيضاء) في الفئران الجنينية والبالغة، لاحظ أن الجينات في الخلايا البائية الناضجة عند الفئران البالغة تُحرك ويعاد تجميعها وحذفها لتشكيل تنوع منطقة التغير للأجسام المضادة. وفي عام 1983، اكتشف تونيغاوا أيضًا عامل نسخ معزز مرتبط بمركب جينات الأجسام المضادة، وهو أول عنصر معزز خلوي.

مراجع

كلية العلوم في معهد ماساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
أساتذة معهد ماساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من ناغويا
أعضاء أجانب في الأكاديمية الوطنية الأمريكية للعلوم
أعضاء المنظمة الأوروبية للبيولوجيا الجزيئية
باحثو معهد هوارد هيوز الطبي
حائزون على جائزة ألبرت لاسكر للأبحاث الطبية الأساسية
حائزون على جائزة لويزا غروس هورويتز
حائزون على جائزة نوبل في الطب
حاصلون على وسام الثقافة
خريجو جامعة كاليفورنيا (سان دييغو)
خريجو جامعة كيوتو
علماء أحياء جزيئية
علماء أحياء جزيئية يابانيون
علماء أعصاب يابانيون
علماء مناعة
علماء مناعة يابانيون
معهد سكريبس للأبحاث
مواليد 1939
مواليد في ناغويا
يابانيون حازوا جائزة نوبل

سوسومو تونيغاوا


إلتون جوزيه خافيير جوميز ، يعرف باسم إلتون ارابيا، لاعب كرة قدم برازيلي ولد في السابع من أبريل 1986في بالمييرا دوس انديوس، ألاقوس.

مسيرته
لعب لنادي النصر السعودي كلاعب وسط أيسر، ثم انتقل إلى نادي الفتح السعودي وحقق معهم دوري زين. كان نادي كورنثيانز ناديه الأول ثم بيع عقده إلى نادي ستيوا بوخاريست الروماني حيث سجل هدفه الأول هناك، أخيراً انتقل إلى نادي النصر السعودي وقدم أداء فوق العادة مع ناديه مسجلاً العديد من الأهداف ناهيك عن تجهيز الكثير منها. إلتون لاعب محبوب جداً من قبل جماهير فريقه السابق نادي النصر السعودي الذين وجدوا فيه لاعباً فريداً من نوعه، ومع نهاية موسم 2009-2010 قرر المسؤولون في نادي النصر الاستغناء عن خدماته رغم أن هذا القرار قوبل باستياء من أنصار النادي السعودي.
يعد من أفضل المواهب البرازيلية القادمة بقوة كما قال زجالو. يتميز هذا اللاعب بالسرعة والتسديد القوي بكلتا قدميه ومهارته العالية وأهدافه الجميلة كما يتميز بالكرات الثابتة. يتميز إلتون بالذكاء الكروي ونظرا لصغر سنه فهو يحمل لواء الكرة البرازيلية. وكان يلعب في الوصل الإماراتي بعدها انتقل إلى نادي الفتح السعودي الذي ساهم معهم بتحقيق دوري زين وفسخ عقده مع نادي الفتح في عام 2016 ولعب فترة بسيطة مع نادي مسيمير القطري وبعدها وقع مع نادي القادسية مطلع عام 2017 و وقع مع الوحدة السعودي مطلع عام 2020 و بعدها وقع مع نادي الحمرية الإماراتي .

روابط خارجية

المصادر

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في رومانيا
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في الإمارات العربية المتحدة
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في السعودية
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في رومانيا
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في قطر
رياضيون من ألاغواس
لاعبو الدوري الإماراتي
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإماراتي
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الروماني
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الثانية القطري
لاعبو دوري المحترفين السعودي
لاعبو كرة القدم البرازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم برازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في الإمارات العربية المتحدة
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في السعودية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في قطر
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في الإمارات العربية المتحدة
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في السعودية
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في رومانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في قطر
لاعبو كرة قدم من ألاغواس
لاعبو نادي الحمرية
لاعبو نادي الريان
لاعبو نادي الفتح (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي القادسية (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي النصر (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي الوحدة (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي الوصل
لاعبو نادي دبي
لاعبو نادي ساو كايتانو
لاعبو نادي ستيوا بوخارست
لاعبو نادي سي آ بي
لاعبو نادي كورينثيانز
لاعبو نادي مسيمير
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1986

إلتون ارابيا


Svijet

Književna djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

 22. siječnja – August Strindberg, švedski književnik, slikar i fotograf († 1912.)

Smrti

 7. listopada – Edgar Allan Poe, američki pisac, pjesnik, urednik i književni kritičar (* 1809.)

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Književna djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

 5. rujna – Antun Nemčić, hrvatski književnik (* 1813.)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Književnost u 1849.


Cânepiști este o zonă protejată (arie de protecție specială avifaunistică - sit SPA) situată în România, în partea centrală a Transilvaniei, pe teritoriul județului Cluj.

Localizare
Aria naturală se întinde în extremitatea sud-estică a județului Cluj, pe teritoriile administrative ale orașelor Câmpia Turzii și Turda și pe cele ale comunelor: Ceanu Mare, Ploscoș și Viișoara..

Înființare
Situl Cânepiști (cu o suprafață de 6.212 ha.) a fost declarat arie de protecție specială avifaunistică prin Hotărârea  de Guvern nr. 971 din 5 octombrie 2011 (pentru modificarea și completarea Hotărârii Guvernului nr. 1.284/2007 privind declararea ariilor de protecție specială avifaunistică ca parte integrantă a rețelei ecologice europene Natura 2000 în România). Acesta include rezervația naturală Sărăturile și Ocna Veche.

Biodiversitate
Încadrat în bioregiunea geografică continentală vestică a Depresiunii colinare a Transilvaniei, situl dispune de patru tipuri de habitate naturale: Culturi cerealiere extensive (inclusiv culturile de rotație cu dezmiriștire), Alte terenuri arabile și Alte terenuri (inclusiv zone urbane, rurale, căi de comunicație, rampe de depozitare, mine, zone industriale); ce asigură condiții prielnice de odihnă, hrănire, cuibărire și reproducere pentru diferite păsări aflate în perioada migrației și în special pentru vânturelul de seară (Falco vespertinus), o pasăre răpitoare periclitată.

La baza desemnării sitului se află mai multe specii avifaunistice protejate la nivel european prin Directiva 79/409/CEE din 2 aprilie 1979<ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1979L0409:20081223:RO:PDF  Directiva Consiliului Europei 79/409/CEE din 2 aprilie 1979, privind conservarea păsărilor], accesat la 31 martie 2018</ref> (privind conservarea păsărilor sălbatice) sau aflate pe lista roșie a IUCN; astfel: acvilă de munte (Aquila chrysaetos), pescăruș albastru (Alcedo atthis), fâsă de câmp (Anthus campestris), barză albă (Ciconia ciconia), erete de stuf (Circus aeruginosus), erete vânăt (Circus cyaneus), cristel de câmp (Crex crex), ciocănitoare de grădină (Dendrocopos syriacus), vânturel de seară (Falco vespertinus), stârc pitic (Ixobrychus minutus), sfrâncioc roșiatic (Lanius collurio), sfrânciocul cu frunte neagră (Lanius minor), silvie porumbacă (Sylvia nisoria) și fluierar de mlaștină.

 Vezi și
 Natura 2000
 Lista siturilor Natura 2000 din România

 Note

 Legături externe
 Singura zonă cunoscută din Transilvania unde încă mai cuibăresc vânturei de seară, se află în județul Cluj. Situl ROSPA0113 Cânepiști se află la nord de localitatea Turda și a fost desemnat în special pentru conservarea unora dintre puținele colonii de vânturei de seară din Transilvania; 7 iulie 2017, milvus.ro''

Cânepiști


Brest Arena er en indendørs multiarena i Brest, Frankrig, med plads til 4.500 tilskuere til håndboldkampe. Arenaen er hjemmebane for topholdet Brest Bretagne Handball.

I arenaen blev der under VM i håndbold 2017 for mænd spillet nogle kampe, og den skal også bruges under EM i håndbold 2018 for kvinder.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Etableret i 2014
Idrætsanlæg i Frankrig
Multiarenaer
Brest (Hviderusland)

Brest Arena