La bataille de Tchernihiv, ou le siège de Tchernihiv, est une bataille pour le contrôle de la ville de Tchernihiv, capitale de l'oblast du même nom dans le nord de l'Ukraine, lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie de 2022.

Tchernihiv, située entre la frontière biélorusse et Kiev, est attaquée par l'armée russe dès le premier jour de l'invasion, dans le cadre de l'offensive de Kiev qui vise à prendre rapidement le contrôle de la capitale et à renverser les pouvoirs publics ukrainiens. Les troupes russes rencontrent une résistance importante de l'armée ukrainienne, et échouent à capturer la ville. Elles cessent alors leurs manœuvres terrestres d'assaut, et mettent en place un siège de la ville.

Tchernihiv subit des bombardements continus durant le mois de , qui provoquent la mort d'au moins plusieurs centaines de personnes civiles et la destruction de très nombreux bâtiments publics et privés. Plus de la moitié des habitants fuient les combats, et ceux qui restent survivent dans des conditions précaires. Les infrastructures de réseaux - électricité, eau et gaz - sont mis hors d'usage, et les principaux réseaux routiers sont endommagés, en particulier les ponts. Néanmoins, l'armée russe ne parvient pas à entrer dans la ville, qui reste contrôlée par l'Ukraine et n'est pas complètement isolée.

Fin mars 2022, la Russie acte l'échec de l'offensive de Kiev en prétendant qu'elle n'était pas son objectif principal et en annonçant privilégier les régions du Donbass. Elle retire ses troupes du nord de l'Ukraine et lève le siège de Tchernihiv au début du mois d'avril.

Contexte

Tchernihiv (en ) est une ville d'Ukraine située sur la rive droite de la Desna, à  au nord de Kiev. Elle est la capitale administrative de l'oblast de Tchernihiv. Sa population est estimée à  en 2020.

Linvasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie de 2022 est une opération militaire déclenchée le  sur ordre du président russe Vladimir Poutine. La campagne militaire, dans le cadre du conflit russo-ukrainien en cours depuis 2014, émerge d'une montée progressive des tensions débutée en 2021.

Les forces armées russes font une incursion dans la région du Donbass, dans l'est de l'Ukraine, le , avant une offensive aérienne, maritime et terrestre sur l'ensemble du territoire ukrainien le .

Tchernihiv est située sur l'une des principales routes conduisant à la capitale Kiev, qui est l'un des objectifs majeurs de l'armée russe pendant les premiers jours de l'invasion.

Bataille

Tentative de prise de contrôle de Tchernihiv (24-26 février)
Le , la Russie envahit l'Ukraine, et commence l'offensive de Kiev, qui a pour objectif de prendre le contrôle de la capitale ukrainienne. Au nord-ouest de la ville, les forces armées russes pénètrent dans l'oblast de Kiev depuis la Biélorussie, État allié dans lequel ont été positionnées des troupes en préparation de l'invasion. Elles remportent la bataille de Tchernobyl et capturent la zone d'exclusion de Tchernobyl en quelques heures, puis poursuivent leur route vers le sud en direction de Kiev.

Du côté nord-est, les forces armées russes envahissent l'oblast de Tchernihiv depuis le territoire russe, également dans l'objectif d'atteindre Kiev. L'offensive conduite par la 41 armée, dont la 90 division blindée, entre par le poste-frontière de Senkivka, qui forme un tripoint entre l'Ukraine, la Biélorussie et la Russie.

Des combats ont lieu le jour même à proximité de la ville de Tchernihiv, capitale de l'oblast.

L'offensive russe rencontre la résistance de l'armée ukrainienne, qui parvient à la contenir hors de Tchernihiv. Afin de poursuivre leur progression vers l'objectif principal de l'offensive de Kiev, un échelon de la 41e armée contourne Tchernihiv par la route M01 (E95), puis poursuit vers le sud en direction de Kozelets et Brovary, tandis qu'un autre échelon continue à engager les forces ukrainiennes aux abords de Tchernihiv.

Assiègement de Tchernihiv (27 février - 2 mars)
Le , les forces russes changent de tactique, encerclent les villes qu'elles attaquent et semblent préparer une guerre de siège ; Tchernihiv est cernée et assiégée.

À partir du , les bombardements russes reprennent effectivement sur plusieurs villes ukrainiennes, dont Tchernihiv. Le gouvernement ukrainien rapporte qu'un immeuble résidentiel a pris feu en début de matinée après avoir été atteint par un tir de missile, et que les bombardements se sont poursuivis au cours de la journée, touchant plusieurs habitations, et provoquant notamment l'incendie du centre commercial Epicenter.

Des prises de vue satellite réalisées le même jour par l'entreprise américaine Maxar Technologies, et publiées le , montrent des maisons en flammes dans le village de Rivnopillya, sur la route de Tchernihiv, et des cratères d'obus dans la campagne environnante. Les images montrent que le pont de la rue Kiltseva sur la , au nord de la ville, a été détruit, ainsi que le pont sur la Desna de la route M01 (E95) entre Chestovytsya et Zolotynka au sud-ouest de Tchernihiv.

Le , le , , annonce dans un communiqué que toutes les entrées de la ville ont été minées par l'armée ukrainienne pour sa défense. Les bombardements se poursuivent, et le maire de Tchernihiv, , déclare le lendemain matin que les habitants doivent s'attendre à des combats urbains alors que l'armée russe tente de pénétrer dans la ville.

La journée du  voit l'offensive de Kiev s'immobiliser, selon le gouvernement des États-Unis. Tchernihiv est toujours assiégée et bombardée, mais aucun assaut n'a été lancé. Les troupes russes encerclent Tchernihiv dans les secteurs nord, à l'ouest et à l'est, empêchant toute sortie de la ville. Le secteur sud est rendu dangereux par les bombardements qui ont détruit plusieurs ponts.

Siège et bombardements (3-29 mars)
Durant tout le mois de mars, Tchernihiv devient un point de résistance important de l'armée ukrainienne, qui entrave durablement le succès de l'offensive de Kiev. Elle est la cible de bombardements continus, détruisant une grande partie de la ville.

Début de la campagne de bombardements (3-5 mars)

À partir du , l'armée russe ne cherche plus à entrer à Tchernihiv, mais intensifie les bombardements de la ville, qui touchent de nombreuses cibles civiles. L'écrasement de la résistance ukrainienne est recherchée pour opérer la jonction entre l'offensive de Kiev, qui a jusqu'alors échoué à prendre la ville et concentre ses efforts sur la capitale, plus au sud, et l'offensive de l'Est, qui a réussi une percée depuis l'oblast de Soumy. La ville est défendue par la Force de défense territoriale ukrainienne. Une partie de la population civile a fui les combats, les habitants restants tentent d'échapper aux frappes aériennes et d'assurer leur survie.

Au matin du , un obus frappe un réservoir de pétrole à Tchernihiv, répandant une colonne de fumée noire.

Le même jour, un bombardement aérien sur le quartier résidentiel de Stara Podsoudovka détruit des immeubles résidentiels ; l'attaque cause la mort d'au moins 47 civils et fait de nombreux blessés. Parmi les cibles des avions russes on retrouve deux écoles.

Le lendemain, le , les autorités ukrainiennes relèvent le bilan du bombardement à  victimes civiles et rapportent la destruction de logements et d'hôpitaux. Amnesty International publie le  un rapport indiquant que l'attaque aérienne, composée de huit bombes, a touché principalement des personnes faisant la queue devant un magasin d'alimentation. Aucune cible militaire ne se trouvait à proximité ; la frappe est ainsi soupçonnée de constituer un crime de guerre. Le raid aérien a été mené par des biréacteurs Soukhoï Su-34 "Fullback" spécialisés dans la pénétration et l'attaque au sol.

Les médias étrangers publient des témoignages de civils réfugiés dans les sous-sols des immeubles, blessés dans les bombardements, voyant leur maison en flammes, ou en ruine.

Le , l'Ukraine revendique avoir abattu un avion bombardier russe Soukhoï Su-34 au-dessus de Tchernihiv, qui s'est écrasé sur la ville après que ses deux pilotes s'en sont échappés en parachute. Cette action montre que les forces armées russes ont échoué à anéantir les défenses anti-aériennes ukrainiennes et à prendre le contrôle du ciel. Tandis que des combats similaires se déroulent autour de plusieurs villes assiégées, notamment Marioupol, l'armée ukrainienne fait également savoir qu'elle poursuit ses efforts de défense de Tchernihiv.

Le , les huit derniers enfants hospitalisés à l'unité d'oncologie de l'hôpital de Tchernihiv et leurs mères sont évacués de Tchernihiv, après avoir passé 12 jours dans un abri anti-aérien atteint par la pénurie de nourriture et de médicaments. Ils quittent la ville par la route sud le dernier jour où celle-ci est encore praticable. Ils rejoignent un convoi de 173 personnes, composé des enfants atteint de cancer et leurs familles, qui est conduit à l'hôpital pédiatrique de Lviv le , puis en Pologne le  à travers le .

Le , le président de l'Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, annonce qu'il donne à Tchernihiv et cinq autres villes ukrainiennes le titre de « ville héros », en référence aux villes héros de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en Union soviétique.

Tentatives de regroupement de l'armée russe (6-14 mars)
Une fois le siège mis en place, la 41e armée russe, bloquée par la résistance des forces armées ukrainiennes qui parviennent à la tenir hors de Tchernihiv, effectue des mouvements de regroupement, qui font craindre aux Ukrainiens un nouvel assaut en vue d'achever l'enveloppement de Kiev. Les 6 et , l'armée ukrainienne signale ainsi des mouvements russes au sud de Tchernihiv, qui semblent préparer un assaut imminent de la ville.

Dans les jours qui suivent, l'armée russe poursuit ses efforts militaires dans l'offensive de Kiev. Elle continue ses manœuvres de contournement par l'ouest de Tchernihiv, avec des forces limitées, estimées à quatre groupements tactiques interarmes (GTIA). Celles-ci pourraient rejoindre celles de l'offensive du nord-est de l'Ukraine, qui ont contourné la résistance de la bataille de Soumy, aux alentours de Kozelets, pour marcher vers Kiev. Pour autant, elle ne lance pas d'assaut de grande ampleur sur Kiev ni sur Tchernihiv ; l'état de ses forces apparaît alors incertain.

Dans le même temps, les bombardements se suivent et provoquent des dégâts importants à Tchernihiv.

Le , les autorités ukrainiennes accusent la Russie d'avoir fait usage de mines antipersonnel dans l'oblast de Tchernihiv, après une explosion qui aurait fait trois morts et trois enfants blessés.

Le , le ministère des Situations d'urgence d'Ukraine publie une vidéo montrant deux de ses agents désamorçant une bombe qui n'a pas explosé lors de sa chute à Tchernihiv.

Le , le stade de Tchernihiv et la bibliothèque municipale sont détruits, ainsi que le musée des antiquités ukrainiennes Vassily Tarnovsky.

Le lendemain, le , c'est au tour du célèbre  de l' d'être réduits en cendres. Le , , explique que la ville a subi plusieurs coupures d'électricité et que l'alimentation en eau potable et en gaz de ville sont presque interrompus. Le , un missile frappe un immeuble résidentiel de neuf étages, tuant au moins une personne.

Stabilisation de la ligne de front (15-22 mars)

À la mi-mars, les combats se poursuivent dans la région de Tchernihiv dans des positions complexes et difficiles pour les deux parties. Les deux armées russes impliquées, la 41 armée et la 2 armée de la Garde, sont en cours de réorganisation et de renforcement ; les forces ukrainiennes, composées d'une dizaine de brigades régulières ou territoriales et regroupant  à  soldats, sont en partie encerclées près de Nijyn.

Selon le gouvernement américain, Tchernihiv est relativement isolée dans une zone d'intenses combats difficilement franchissable ; l'armée russe fait par ailleurs peu de progrès sur toutes ses offensives, et continue à organiser ses renforts à l'arrière du front.

Les forces armées russes passent alors dans une position défensive autour de Tchernihiv. Elles s'efforcent d'une part de conserver leurs positions en repoussant les attaques venues de l'extérieur, ce qui leur permet de poursuivre les manœuvres d'artillerie sur la ville, d'autre part à tenter de résoudre leurs difficultés logistiques afin de conduire des renforts vers le sud en direction de Brovary et Kiev. L'état-major ukrainien dénombre trois bridages russes positionnées à Tchernihiv.

Les bombardements terrestres et aériens ne cessent pas. Le , l'ambassade des États-Unis à Kiev rapporte que l'armée russe a fusillé  faisant la queue devant un magasin sur la voie publique à Tchernihiv, tandis que celle-ci conteste la présence de ses soldats à l'intérieur de la ville. Le même jour, cinq corps sont retirés des décombres d'un immeuble résidentiel bombardé. Un communiqué du ,  fait état de .

Le , une opération humanitaire organisée par l'American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee permet l'évacuation de  juives de Tchernihiv, qui sont conduites à l'étranger par la Moldavie.

Isolement et crise humanitaire (23-30 mars)
Après plusieurs semaines de bombardements, la situation à Tchernihiv devient de plus en plus désespérée.

Le , l'armée russe détruit le  par un bombardement aérien. Celui-ci constituait le point de passage le plus important pour l'Ukraine, servant à la fois de porte d'entrée pour l'approvisionnement de la ville depuis le sud, et de porte de sortie pour les nombreux habitants fuyant les combats. La destruction du pont accompagne la poursuite des efforts d'encerclement de Tchernihiv par la Russie, mais sans succès. A contrario, l'armée ukrainienne conduit des contre-offensives réussies dans la région, repoussant les forces russes autour de Kiev, mais sans parvenir à diminuer la pression exercée sur Tchernihiv.

La destruction du  accroît l'isolement de Tchernihiv. À la suite des nombreux bombardements, Tchernihiv est dans une situation matérielle et humaine de plus en plus désespérée. Les habitants restants, dont le nombre est alors estimé à , sont privés d'électricité, d'eau courante et de chauffage. La mairie de Tchernihiv décide de rationner la distribution d'eau potable à  par personne à compter du . La , Lioudmyla Denissova, dénonce les souffrances imposées à la population civile pour obtenir des concessions militaires.

Dans les jours qui suivent, la ville est incluse par le gouvernement ukrainien dans ses tentatives de négocier la création de corridors humanitaires afin de permettre la fuite des civils. Il devient particulièrement périlleux de quitter la ville, en passant par le  et en passant par des zones de forêt.

Plus de la moitié de la population de Tchernihiv a fui la guerre : des , le maire , estime que  à  demeurent encore dans la ville. Les autorités craignent qu'elle connaisse le même sort que Marioupol, dont le siège se transforme en destruction totale et en catastrophe humanitaire. À Tchernihiv, les habitants restants tentent de survivre aux bombardements constants en se cachant dans des abris ; la Russie nie cibler les bâtiments civils, mais un très grand nombre de destructions sont avérées.

Le , l'état-major russe déclare que les objectifs de la première phase de l'« opération spéciale » sont atteints, que l'invasion avait pour véritable enjeu la « libération » complète du Donbass et que la Russie va désormais se concentrer sur cet objectif. Ces affirmations sont en contradiction avec les justifications avancées au début de l'invasion, et avec la réalité opérationnelle qui a vu des moyens de grande ampleur engagés pour l'offensive de Kiev, ainsi que sur le sud de l'Ukraine. Ces déclarations ne sont pas suivies d'effet opérationnel immédiat à Kiev et à Tchernihiv, où la Russie continue ses efforts militaires dans les jours qui suivent.

Le jour même à midi, l'armée russe lance une nouvelle attaque de faible ampleur, qui est repoussée par les défenseurs ukrainiens. Selon le gouvernement ukrainien, les soldats russes diffusent également des tracts de propagande incitant la population à se rendre. Le lendemain , les forces russes parviennent à entrer dans Slavoutytch, qui pourrait être une étape vers la réduction de la résistance de Tchernihiv. La Russie cherche ainsi à conforter sa présence au nord-est de Kiev, sur la rive droite du Dniepr, en contrôlant la route M01 (E95). L'alternative ouverte par la percée de l'axe de Soumy à Brovary constitue une route longue, difficile à maîtriser et vulnérable aux contre-attaques ukrainiennes sur les convois logistiques.

Repli des forces russes (30 mars - début avril)

Le , le vice-ministre de la défense russe, , déclare que la Russie va « réduire radicalement ses opérations militaires en direction de Kiev et Tchernihiv » dans le cadre des négociations de paix entre la Russie et l'Ukraine à Istanbul, en Turquie. L'annonce est accueillie avec scepticisme et méfiance par l'Ukraine. Dans un premier temps, la situation à Tchernihiv dément en effet ces paroles. Dans la nuit du 29 au , les attaques d'artillerie se poursuivent de façon soutenue. Les autorités municipales et régionales constatent un maintien voire une intensification des frappes ; le marché couvert de Tchernihiv est détruit. L'état-major ukrainien observe des mouvements de troupes dans la région, mais qui procèdent davantage d'une rotation des troupes que d'un réel retrait. Le , l'état-major russe prétend dans un communiqué avoir atteint ses objectifs à Kiev et à Tchernihiv et procéder à un « regroupement planifié des troupes », ce qui semble contredire les annonces précédentes.

À compter du , l'armée russe procède effectivement à une manœuvre de repli, à partir du point maximal de son avancée vers le sud autour de Brovary, à l'extrémité est de Kiev et au sud de Tchernihiv. L'armée ukrainienne profite de ce mouvement pour conduire des contre-attaques locales sur les villages du sud de l'oblast de Tchernihiv.

Le , l'Ukraine observe le retrait de forces russes de la région de Tchernihiv, depuis Brovary jusqu'à la Biélorussie. Elle continue son avancée dans les villes proches de Kiev et les villages autour de Tchernihiv. Le même jour, le maire de Tchernihiv, , accuse l'armée russe d'avoir bombardé le service d'oncologie d'un hôpital et dénonce la crise humanitaire que traverse la ville.

Le , la plupart des forces qui avaient contourné Tchernihiv au début de la guerre ont quitté l'Ukraine. Une partie d'entre elles ont repris la route route M01 (E95) vers le nord et la Biélorussie, contournant Tchernihiv ; elles sont poursuivies par l'armée ukrainienne qui revendique la reprise de Chestovytsya puis Horodnia. D'autres ont pris la route de Konotop vers le nord-est pour regagner la Russie. La 41e armée reste stationnée près de Tchernihiv et contrôle les opérations de retrait.

Dans une allocution filmée le , le maire  déclare que la pression militaire s'est relâchée sur Tchernihiv, permettant aux autorités de conduire des opérations de déblayage et de déminage. Il estime que 70 % de la ville est détruite. Les Ukrainiens restent dans la crainte d'une reprise des hostilités.

Le , l'armée russe ne tient plus de positions défensives à Tchernihiv, et l'Ukraine revendique de nouveau le contrôle de l'ensemble de l'oblast de Tchernihiv, ainsi que des oblasts voisins de Kiev et de Soumy. L'offensive de Kiev est un échec. La retraite russe a lieu de façon ordonnée, mais des unités isolées subsistent parfois ; l'armée ukrainienne se lance à leur poursuite.

Les forces russes retirées du nord de l'Ukraine se regroupent en Biélorussie et en Russie en vue d'être redéployées sur d'autres fronts. Cependant, une partie d'entre elles restent positionnées à la frontière entre la Biélorussie et l'Ukraine, dans le but de menacer l'Ukraine et ainsi de fixer une partie de ses troupes loin des régions où les combats se poursuivent.

Références

Voir aussi

Tchernihiv
2022 en Ukraine
Février 2022
Tchernihiv

Bataille de Tchernihiv


سد سيدي سعد ويسمى أيضا سد بورقيبة، أنشئ عام 1981 بوسط البلاد التونسية بين منطقتي نصر الله وحاجب العيون من ولاية القيروان.
 كان الهدف الأساسي من إنشائه حماية المنطقة من الفيضانات التي كانت تتسبب فيها أودية زرود ومرق الليل ونبهانة.
 تبلغ طاقة تخزين سد سيدي سعد 200 مليون متر مكعب من المياه. تستغل في مجالين:
 الأول: الفلاحة السقوية، حيث أضيفت بفضل هذا السد مساحات شاسعة إلى المجال السقوي.
 الثاني: تربية الأسماك منذ عام 1994، حيث بدأ استغلال بحيرة سد سيدي سعد لتربية الأسماك مثل البوري والحنكليس والكارب والسمكة القط، ويبلغ الإنتاج السنوي حوالي 90 طنا يتم ترويجها في أسواق مدينة صفاقس وتونس.

صور

سيدي سعد
مواقع رامسار في تونس
ولاية القيروان

سد سيدي سعد


NGC 168 este o galaxie spirală, posibil galaxie lenticulară, situată în constelația Balena. A fost descoperită în 21 noiembrie 1886 de către Frank Muller. De asemenea, a fost observată încă o dată de către Herbert Howe.

Note

Vezi și
 NGC 167
 NGC 169

Legături externe
 NGC 168 pe WikiSky
 NGC 168 pe spider.seds.org

Galaxii
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Balena
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1886
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de Frank Muller (astronom)

NGC 168


Hamish and Dougal are two characters from the long-running BBC Radio 4 radio comedy panel game I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue, played by Barry Cryer and Graeme Garden, who later went on to have their own Radio 4 series, You'll Have Had Your Tea: The Doings of Hamish and Dougal. The series is occasionally broadcast on the BBC's repeat station, Radio 4 Extra.

History
The fictional characters Hamish and Dougal originated in one of the rounds of I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue called Sound Charades.  In this round the title of a book or film has to be conveyed from one team to the other by means of a story; the result of the story is usually a pun on the title in question. The panellists Cryer and Garden often tell their story as Hamish and Dougal, who are two elderly Scottish gentlemen.  One of the characters was originally called Angus. The duo continued with the characters, according to Garden "mainly because (fellow panellist) Tim Brooke-Taylor hated them". Garden refers to a cousin Hamish during an episode of the Goodies in 1975. A prototype Hamish and Dougal first appeared in a 1979 Christmas Special of 'Clue', doing 'Wee Freak Ings Of Orient Are', with John Junkin standing in for Barry Cryer. However, the characters didn't appear fully formed until the 1995 Christmas Special, when the duo gave the clue for 'The Queen's Peach'. Hamish and Dougal then became the focus of a spin-off show called You'll Have Had Your Tea: The Doings of Hamish and Dougal, abbreviated to Hamish and Dougal on the packaging of the official CD releases.

The spin-off show was named in reference to the fact that the characters' sketches on I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue began with a variant of the line "You'll have had your tea then, Hamish".  This refers to an idiom used in Edinburgh, where a visitor who has dropped in at "tea" (a colloquial term for an evening meal) is informed that the host does not intend to feed them. The stereotype of Scottish people being careful with their money is regularly played on in the series.

Episodes were 15 minutes long and were extensions of the one-minute sketches. The series featured two other actors:  regular I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue panelist Jeremy Hardy, and Alison Steadman. Steadman played Mrs Naughtie the housekeeper, while Hardy played the local laird. The announcer was BBC newsreader Brian Perkins. The music for the series was arranged by Graeme's son Jon Garden and performed by a four-piece ceilidh band. The programmes were produced by Jon Naismith.  Other actors have also featured in guest appearances, such as the 2004 Hogmanay special which featured guest appearances from I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue chairman Humphrey Lyttelton, as the Laird's butler Lyttelton, Today programme presenter Jim Naughtie (as Mrs Naughtie's long-lost son), Sandi Toksvig (as Sandi Wedge, a very tall golf champion) and Tim Brooke-Taylor and Colin Sell (as themselves).

The show relied heavily on sexual innuendo, and Scottish stereotypes. Long-running jokes from the parent series were frequently referred to, such as the quality of Hardy's singing voice, which is occasionally excruciatingly demonstrated in the series, it is thought that Hardy's character The Laird's favorite band is Atomic Kitten having sung Eternal Flame In Series 1 Episode 1 - The Musical Evening and The Tide is High in Series 1 Episode 4 - The Shooting Party.

Fictitious place-names used within the series include Ben Kingsley, Loch Krankie, and Glen Close.

A book of the complete scripts from all three series plus the Hogmanay and Burns Night specials was published in hardback by Preface Publishing on 28 August 2008 entitled The Doings of Hamish and Dougal: You'll Have Had Your Tea?. The book also includes comedy cooking recipes created by Garden and poems.

Critical reception
The series has been described as "reality-based comedy at its finest" by The Times, and as "basically The Beano with added smut" by The Independent. Gavin Docherty of the Daily Express said, after reading the book of scripts, "I laughed so hard my head nearly fell off".

The Scotsman gave the series a negative review, with Robert McNeil describing the series as one in which "two clapped-out has-beens (except they never-weres) put on ridiculous Scottish voices and enact quasi-racist routines". Cryer has denied that the show is anti-Scottish saying the series was "an affectionate laugh at all things Scottish. Graeme is half Scottish. I am borderline, having been born in Cumbria." Garden stated that in the series they were sending up the stereotypes of Scots rather than Scots themselves (which makes it all right).

Episode list

References

Further reading

Comedy radio characters
I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue
BBC Radio comedy programmes
2002 radio programme debuts
Ethnic humour
Radio duos
Fictional Scottish people
Male characters in radio
2002 establishments in the United Kingdom

Hamish and Dougal


Dampskibet 'A. P. Bernstorff' løber af Stabelen fra Helsingør Skibsværft er en stum reportagefilm fra 1913.

Handling
Fra Helsingør Skibsværft søsættes dampskibet A.P. Berstorff, der glider langsomt ud i havnebassinet.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1913
Dokumentariske optagelser
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Begivenheder i 1913
Danmark i 1910'erne


is a district located in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

As of the Koshi merger (but with 2003 population statistics), the district has an estimated population of 58,300 and a density of 427 persons per square kilometer. The total area is 136.66 km2.

Towns
Kikuyō
Ōzu

Mergers
See merger and dissolution of municipalities of Japan.
On March 22, 2005 the towns of Shichijō and Shisui, and the village of Kyokushi merged into the expanded city of Kikuchi.
On February 27, 2006 the towns of Kōshi and Nishigōshi merged to form the new city of Kōshi.

Districts in Kumamoto Prefecture

Kikuchi District, Kumamoto


Bela Vista da Caroba es un municipio brasileño del estado de Paraná. Su población estimada en 2005 era de 4.157 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Paraná

Bela Vista da Caroba


José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez (Zapatoca, 18. veljače 1919.), je kolumbijski kardinal i Manisaleški nadbiskup emeritus. Sa svojih  godina trenutačno je najstariji kardinal.

Životopis

Rođen je u Zapatoci, 18. veljače 1919. godine, a kršten je 4. ožujka iste godine. Za svećenika je zaređen 14. prosinca 1941.

Imenovan je pomoćnim biskupom biskupije Pasto, kao i naslovnim biskupom Apollonisa, 14. lipnja 1955. godine, a posvećen 28. kolovoza iste godine. 30. prosinca 1959. imenovan je biskupom biskupije Monteria, a zatim je imenovan biskupom biskupije Garzon-Neiva, 29. veljače 1964. Njegov konačno imenovanje za nadbiskupa bilo je 22. svibnja 1975. godine, kada postaje nadbiskup Manizalesa. Na tome se mjestu umirovljuje 15. listopada 1996. 14. veljače 2015. postao je kardinal svećenik bazilike San Giovanni Crisostomo a Monte Sacro Alto. Na samom konzistoriju nije mogao sudjelovati zbog zdravstvenih razloga.

Kao koncilski otac sudjelovao je na svim sjednicama Drugog vatikanskog sabora. Za geslo ima Živjeti je Krist (lat. Vivere Christus est).

Izvori

Kolumbijski kardinali

José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez


Maude Charron (Sainte-Luce, 28 de abril de 1993) é uma halterofilista canadense, campeã olímpica.

Carreira

Charron conquistou a medalha de ouro nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 em Tóquio, após levantar 236 kg na categoria feminina para pessoas com até 64 kg. Ela ganhou a medalha de prata no arrebatamento no Campeonato Mundial de Halterofilismo de 2017.

Halterofilistas olímpicos do Canadá
Campeões olímpicos do Canadá
Halterofilistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020

Maude Charron


The University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB) is a public university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1807, it comprises some of the oldest professional schools of dentistry, law, medicine, pharmacy, social work and nursing in the United States. It is the original campus of the University System of Maryland and has a strategic partnership with the University of Maryland, College Park. Located on  on the west side of downtown Baltimore, it is part of the University System of Maryland.

In 2012, the University of Maryland, Baltimore and the flagship University of Maryland, College Park united under the MPowering the State initiative to leverage the strengths of both institutions. The University of Maryland Strategic Partnership Act of 2016 officially formalized the partnership as it has successfully created more innovative medical, scientific, and educational programs in Baltimore, as well as being awarded greater research grants and joint faculty appointments. According to the National Science Foundation, the university spent a combined $1.1 billion on research and development in 2019, ranking it 14th overall in the nation and 8th among all public institutions.

History
The University of Maryland, Baltimore was founded in 1807 as the Maryland College of Medicine. In 1812, it was rechartered as the University of Maryland and given the authority to establish additional faculties in law, divinity, and arts and sciences. The faculty of law was founded in 1816, though it operated intermittently until 1868. The faculty of arts and sciences known as the Baltimore College for undergraduates also operated intermittently in the early 19th century. From 1907 to 1920, St. John's College in Annapolis functioned as the University of Maryland's faculty of arts and sciences; this loose federation was dissolved in 1920 when the Maryland State College, (the former Maryland Agricultural College), founded 1856, as the state's land grant college, became part of a larger University of Maryland with the graduate level professional schools on the westside of downtown Baltimore. In 1970, the General Assembly of Maryland (state legislature) established a five-campus University of Maryland network comprising the

 University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB) (professional graduate level schools);
 University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) (between Arbutus and Catonsville in southwest Baltimore County);
 University of Maryland, College Park (UMD) (flagship university);
 University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES) (at Princess Anne in Somerset County); and the
 University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC) (extension and foreign programs)

with a system-wide president located in College Park and a chancellor in charge of each campus; in 1988 this institution was merged with the State University and College System of Maryland (of former normal and state teachers colleges, now wider liberal arts schools since the 1960s) to form the new University System of Maryland.

Professional schools

School of Dentistry

The University of Maryland School of Dentistry was the first dental school in the world. Founded in 1840 as the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery (BCDS), it was chartered by an act of the Maryland General Assembly. Its principal founders were Drs. Horace H. Hayden and Chapin A. Harris. It was the first school in the world to offer a science-based curriculum in dentistry. It currently ranks among top 10 in the nation to receive NIH research funding. The school moved to a new building in October 2006. The new building, located adjacent to the old one on Baltimore Street, offers some of the newest facilities and technologies in the world for education and patient care. The cost of construction and equipment was over US$140 million, the highest spent by the state of Maryland on an academic building.

School of Law

The University of Maryland School of Law opened in 1816 as the "Maryland Law Institute" "in a spacious and commodious building on South Street, near Market street." (later renamed East Baltimore Street) It is the third-oldest law school in the nation. It was founded by
David Hoffman, who authored a comprehensive course of legal study that had a lasting influence on other law school programs around the country and led to the development of legal ethics programs and responsibilities. The law school moved to a new building of English Tudor Revival architecture replacing its earlier modernistic structure on the same site at the northwest corner of West Baltimore and North Paca Streets in 2002, adjacent to the site to the north of the old Westminster Presbyterian Church and old Western Burying Grounds facing West Fayette and North Greene Streets (first laid out in 1787, on which the later church was built on top of resting on brick arched piers in 1852), the cemetery where the famous poet and writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849) is buried. It is the only law school in the United States with a famous author buried on its campus. The former restored church building, now known as Westminster Hall is used for campus events and lectures and is often requested for wedding and other social ceremonies.

The University of Maryland School of Law was ranked 48th among law schools according to the 2017 edition of U.S. News & World Report law school rankings and was also ranked among the top 10 programs for health law, clinical law and environmental law. The School of Law's students' undergraduate median GPA is a 3.47 and median Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) score is a 158. It admits 52.4% of applicants. The law school takes about 225 full-time day students and about 50 evening students per year.

The current Dean of the School of Law is Renée Hutchins, a leading expert on the Fourth Amendment and criminal appellate practice.

School of Medicine

Established in 1807 as the College of Medicine of Maryland, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMB SOM) was the first public medical school in the United States and it is the fifth oldest medical school in the country. The campus includes Davidge Hall, designed by Robert Cary Long, Sr. in the style of the Pantheon in Rome, which was built in 1812 at the northeast corner of West Lombard and South Greene Streets, on the west side of downtown Baltimore, and is the oldest building in continuous use for medical education in the Hemisphere. UMB SOM was ranked 27th in U.S. News & World Report magazines 2022 rankings of "Best Medical Schools: Research" and 12th in "Best Medical Schools: Primary Care".

The School of Medicine is closely affiliated with the University of Maryland Medical Center and Medical System. It houses the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences (PTRS), the Department of Medical and Research Technology (DMRT), and two research institutes, the Institute of Human Virology (IHV) and the Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS). It also offers PhD programs through the Graduate Program in Life Sciences and several combined degree programs: the MD/PhD MSTP (Medical Scientist Training Program), the MD/MPH (Master of Public Health), and an MD/ in Public Health.

In a 2011 article in Forbes magazine, Steven Salzberg criticized the school's inclusion of pseudoscientific subjects such as homeopathy in the curriculum. According to Salzberg, the school is "mis-training medical students" by teaching courses in integrative medicine.

School of Nursing
The University of Maryland School of Nursing (UMSON), founded in 1889 by Florence Nightingale-trained nurse Louisa Parsons, is one of the oldest and largest nursing schools in the United States. In the  magazine, the University of Maryland School of Nursing was ranked 6th nationally.

The UMSON building, which opened in November 1998, shares an urban  campus on the west side of downtown Baltimore with five nearby professional schools — Dentistry, Law, Medicine, Pharmacy and Social Work — as well as the University of Maryland Medical System (formerly University of Maryland Hospital) and the U.S. Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

UMSON has pioneered a variety of innovative educational programs, including the first nursing informatics program in the world and the nation's first nursing health policy program. More than 20 specialties are offered at the graduate level, including trauma/critical-care, oncology, gerontology, psychiatric/mental health nursing, and nursing administration. In 1999, the School of Nursing became the only school in Maryland to offer a midwifery program, pre-accredited by the American College of Nurse Midwives. Nurse practitioner options are also offered in family, pediatrics, women's health, neonatal intensive care, adult primary care, acute care and geriatrics.

Programs include the second bachelor's degree option, the RN to BSN online program, the RN to MS program, the post-baccalaureate entry option into the PhD program, and the MS/MBA and PhD/MBA programs offered in conjunction with the University of Baltimore; Frostburg State University; and the Robert H. Smith School of Business, at the University of Maryland, College Park. Partnership programs for BSN completion join the School of Nursing with the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, the University of Maryland, College Park, Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay, as well as all of Maryland's community colleges.

To provide clinical programs for students, UMSON maintains affiliations with more than 300 hospitals and health care agencies throughout Maryland.

The University of Maryland School of Nursing Living History Museum, which opened in October 1999, examines the history of the nursing profession from its earliest days to present day.

School of Pharmacy
The University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, founded in 1841, is the fourth oldest school of pharmacy in the nation and was the first pharmacy school established in Maryland. The School of Pharmacy comprises three departments, Pharmacy Practice and Science, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Pharmaceutical Health Services Research. The school admitted 11.4% of applicants for the 2006–2007 school year. According to the most recent pharmacy school rankings, The University of Maryland School of Pharmacy was ranked 9th among pharmacy schools in the 2016 edition of U.S. News & World Report.

School of Social Work
The University of Maryland School of Social Work is a top program in social work education. Graduates of the School of Social Work have become policymakers at all levels of government, from the U.S. Senate to the state and federal courts, to the State Department and departments of social services. Graduates also work as educators and researchers at universities across the country and have become therapists, community organizers, and managers. In 2022, U.S. News & World Report ranked it 21st in the nation for social work.

Graduate School, Baltimore

The Graduate School was founded in 1918. It offers 43 degree programs in total and oversees the partnership between UMB and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) with additional programs that span across both institutions.

Libraries
The University of Maryland, Baltimore has two main libraries on its campus: the Health Sciences & Human Services Library (HS/HSL) and the Thurgood Marshall Law Library.

UMB's Health Sciences & Human Services Library (HS/HSL) was founded in 1813 from the collection of Doctor John Crawford, a former British naval surgeon. Dr. Crawford's initial donation of books remains within the library's Historical Collections department as the Crawford Collection (comprising some 569 items). The first location of the library was the Provost's Office within the original medical school building, now known as Davidge Hall. Under the leadership of its first official library, Dr. Eugene F. Cordell (who served as library director from 1903 to 1913), the library grew rapidly, incorporating book collections from the schools of pharmacy and dentistry, and moving into its own building, a former church on the southeast corner of Lombard and Green Streets. The church was later razed in 1957 to make way for a new library that began construction in 1958 and opened in 1960. The library has since moved, in 1998, into a large modern building. The HS/HSL offers 45 group study rooms, 3 computer classrooms, several conference rooms with the web conferencing capability, and the Presentation Practice Studio, in addition to many study carrels and a number of public computers in a five-story building. In March, 2015, it opened the new Innovation Space designed for innovative and collaborative hands-on learning experience with 3D printers and 3D scanners.

The Thurgood Marshall Law Library, named for Baltimore native and Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, is the law library for the University of Maryland School of Law. The Marshall Law Library is found inside the law school's building, accessible through the main entrance. The Thurgood Marshall Law Library contains over 400,000 volumes of Anglo-American legal materials as well as outstanding international and foreign law collections. Extensive collections of both primary sources and secondary materials such as treatises are available. The library is open to all faculty, staff and students on the campuses of the University System of Maryland; University of Maryland School of Law alumni; attorneys; and members of the general public.

Name of the institution
The professional schools housed at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, may also simply use the name "University of Maryland" when describing themselves even though the University of Maryland, College Park, also refers to itself simply as the University of Maryland. There is relatively little confusion resulting from the shared name because the University of Maryland, College Park, offers largely research-oriented graduate programs and houses fewer professional schools. The University of Maryland, Baltimore, does not offer NCAA sports. Although this university mainly offers graduate and professional study, it also offers a few undergraduate courses, which include nursing, dental hygiene, and medical technology. By law and tradition, each school is entitled to use the "University of Maryland" name in recognition of their shared history. While both schools are institutions which belong to the University System of Maryland, neither is a part of the other.

The University of Maryland, Baltimore is also often mistaken for the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) and the University of Baltimore (UB) which are separate University System of Maryland institutions in Catonsville (outside the City of Baltimore) and Downtown Baltimore, respectively.

Campus

The campus is composed of 58 buildings located near Camden Yards, the Baltimore Convention Center, and Baltimore's famous Lexington Market. Construction on a new  campus center began at the start of 2007 and opened in August 2009 as the Southern Management Corporation Campus Center (SMC Center). The SMC ` Center contains dining facilities, meeting locations and the campus's gymnasium and recreation facility, URecFit. UMB has also recently undertaken a vast west campus expansion. This  project, known as BioPark, created ten new buildings containing a total of  of classroom, lab, and office space. In addition, University of Maryland Medical System cleared a downtown site for the construction of a $329 million ambulatory care center.

The university is served by the University Center/Baltimore Street station of the Baltimore Light Rail system, which is at the eastern edge of campus. The Orange Route of the free Charm City Circulator provides service to both the BioPark and through the UMB campus to the Inner Harbor and points east. The university is also served by Camden Station, which connects the campus by MARC Train to the University of Maryland, College Park and Union Station in Washington, D.C.

Starting with the 2012–2013 school year, the university launched a new shuttle bus service for university students, staff, and faculty and University of Maryland Medical Center employees free of charge. The shuttle runs 3 routes from the university to West Baltimore (the BioPark center), Federal Hill, and Mount Vernon. The shuttle will discontinue its current service after summer 2019; the university is currently exploring transportation alternatives.

Campus police
The university is protected through the University of Maryland, Baltimore Police Department. The UMB Police Department is a state- and nationally accredited police agency providing law enforcement services to the UMB campus and surrounding communities. Through an agreement signed between the UMB Police Department and the Baltimore Police Department, UMB Police officers have the same jurisdiction and authority as Baltimore Police officers throughout the campus of the university. The UMB Police Department is composed of both sworn police officers and unarmed security officers who are located in University-owned buildings to control access to the buildings and for other security purposes. The UMB Police Department also provides Safe Walk and Safe Ride services to students and university personnel throughout the campus and into surrounding neighborhoods.

In 2021, the University of Maryland, Baltimore Police Department was awarded the prestigious International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)/Walmart Leadership in Community Policing Award for a midsize agency. The department was also awarded the 2020 Maryland Chiefs of Police Association's Exceptional Police Performance by a Unit/Team/Collaboration Award for their Community Outreach and Support Team (COAST).

The UMB Police Department Community Outreach and Support Team (COAST) was created in 2018 by previous UMB Police Chief Alice Cary. The department is the third university police department in the country to welcome a comfort k-9, Officer Lexi  and only one of two university Police Athletics/Activities Leagues (PAL) in the country. The department is a leader in homeless outreach and crisis intervention, working with the Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) to redirect low-level drug offenders into treatment. In Fall 2021, student interns from the School of Social Work will partner with the UMB Police Department to provide additional resources to vulnerable populations.

Notable alumni

Governors
Austin Lane Crothers, 46th governor of Maryland, from 1908 to 1912.
Theodore R. McKeldin, 53rd governor of Maryland from 1951 to 1959
Herbert O'Conor, 51st governor of Maryland from 1939 to 1947, U.S. Senate 1947–1953
Martin O'Malley, (1988), Mayor of Baltimore, 1999–2006, and Governor of Maryland, 2007–2015.
Albert Ritchie, 49th governor of Maryland from 1920 to 1935
William S. Fulton, 4th governor of the Arkansas Territory, 1835–1836, and United States Senator for Arkansas, 1836–1844.

U.S. senators
Daniel B. Brewster, U.S. senator for Maryland, 1963–1969; congressman for Maryland's 2nd District, 1959–1963
William Cabell Bruce, (1882), U.S. senator from Maryland from 1923 to 1929.
Ben Cardin, (1967), U.S. congressman for United States House of Representatives, 1987–2007, and U.S. senator from Maryland, 2007–present.
Charles Mathias, Jr., U.S. senator from Maryland from 1969 to 1987.
Barbara Mikulski, (1965), U.S. senator from Maryland from 1987 to 2016.
George L. P. Radcliffe, (1903), U.S. senator from Maryland from 1935 to 1947
Isidor Rayner, U.S. senator from Maryland from 1905 to 1912.
Joseph Tydings, (1953), U.S. senator from Maryland from 1965 to 1971
Millard Tydings, U.S. senator from Maryland from 1927 to 1951.

U.S. congressmen
William Purington Cole, Jr., U.S. congressman from Maryland's 2nd District, 1927–1929 & 1931–1942
Elijah Cummings, (1976), U.S. congressman for Maryland's 7th District, 1996–2019
John Charles Linthicum, (1890), U.S. congressman for Maryland's 4th District, 1911–1932
Hugh Meade, (1932), U.S. congressman for Maryland 2nd District, 1947–1949
Eric Swalwell, (2006), U.S. congressman for California's 14th District, 2013–present

State senators
Thomas V. Mike Miller, Jr., president of State Senate from 1987 to 2020.

State Delegates
James W. Campbell, (1976), former member of Maryland House of Delegates
Adelaide C. Eckardt, (1978), (1981), member Maryland House of Delegates
Donald B. Elliott, (1957), member Maryland House of Delegates.
Louise Virginia Snodgrass, former member of Maryland House of Delegates

Judges
Lynne A. Battaglia, (1974), Maryland State Supreme Court judge (Maryland Court of Appeals), 2001–present
Andre M. Davis, (1978), judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, 1995–2009; judge U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 2009–present.
Clayton Greene, Jr., (1976), Maryland State Supreme Court judge (Maryland Court of Appeals), 2004–present
Glenn T. Harrell, Jr., (1970), Maryland State Supreme Court judge (Maryland Court of Appeals), 1999–present
Alan M. Wilner, (1962), Maryland State Supreme Court judge (Maryland Court of Appeals), 1996–present

Others
Deborah Benzil, (M.D. 1985), Vice-Chair of Neurosurgery at Cleveland Clinic, Professor of Neurosurgery at Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
Charles C. Byrne, U.S. Army general
J. Bart Classen, immunologist and anti-vaccinationist.
Dr. Antonio Fernós-Isern, first Puerto Rican cardiologist and its longest serving resident commissioner.
Louis L. Goldstein, (1938), Maryland Comptroller of the Treasury, 1959–1998.
Archibald "Moonlight" Graham, (1908), Major League Baseball player, portrayed in the film Field of Dreams
Robert M. Parker Jr., (1973), considered world's leading wine critic.
William C. Schmeisser, (1907), National Lacrosse Hall of Fame inductee.
Wendy Sherman. (1976). former United States Deputy Secretary of State.
James T. Smith, (1968), Baltimore County Executive, 2002–2010.
F. Mason Sones, (1943), cardiologist, inventor of coronary angiography.
Enrique Pérez Santiago, first Puerto Rican hematologist
Theodore E. Woodward, Nobel Prize nominee, renowned researcher in the field of medicine

Notable faculty
 Brajesh Lal, surgeon and expert in the prevention and treatment of stroke and venous disease
 Dan K. Morhaim, current member of Maryland House of Delegates.

References

External links

Universities and colleges in Baltimore
Educational institutions established in 1807
1807 establishments in Maryland
Downtown Baltimore
University of Maryland, Baltimore
Baltimore, University of Maryland

University of Maryland, Baltimore


Cléon-Alu-motoren, også kendt som "A-motor", er en benzinmotor udviklet og produceret af Renault i 1960. Motoren er en firetakts, firecylindret rækkemotor med aluminiumsblok og -topstykke. Den er vandkølet med en sideliggende, kædedrevet knastaksel som betjener otte topmonterede ventiler ved hjælp af stødstænger og vippearme. Motoren debuterede i Renault 16.

AxK
AxK har et slagvolume på 1,5 liter (1470 cm³).

Applikationer:
 A1K 1,5 liter (1470 cm³)
 Renault 16
 1967−1970 Lotus Europa S1 og S2 (type 46 og 54)

AxL

AxL har et slagvolume på 1,6 liter (1565, 1596 eller 1605 cm³).

Applikationer:
 A2L 1,6 liter (1565 cm³)
 1968−1980 Renault 16
 1971−1976 Renault 15 TS
 1972−1976 Renault 17 TL
 1970−1973 Renault 12 Gordini
 1972−1974 Renault 12 Gordini (1596 cm³)
 1973−1975 Alpine A110 1600 S (1605 cm³)
 1971−1974 Alpine A310 1600 VE (1605 cm³)
 1969−1970 Lotus Europa S2 Federal (type 65)

 A5L 1,6 liter (1565 cm³) Turbo
 −1984 Renault 18 Turbo
 1984−1985 Renault Fuego Turbo

 A7L 1,6 liter (1565 cm³)
 −1984 Renault 18 Turbo

 A7L 1,6 liter (1605 cm³)
 1985− Renault 18

AxM
AxM har et slagvolume på 1,6 liter (1647 cm³). Den var oprindeligt kendt som type 841 eller 843, afhængig af effekt.

 A1M
 1981−1986 Renault Trafic

 A2M/841
 −1984 Renault 18
 1985−1986 Renault 18
 1982−1985 Renault Fuego GTL

 A6M/843
 1975−1976 Alpine A310
 −1986 Renault 18
 1980−1985 Renault Fuego TS/GTS

Noter

Cleon-Alu-motor, Renault

Renault Cléon-Alu-motor


Der Hafen von Alexandria (arabisch ميناء الإسكندرية — al-Mīnâ al-Iskandariyya) ist vom Umschlag her der größte ägyptische Seehafen. Er besteht seit 1900 v. Chr.

Die Stadt Alexandria liegt am westlichen Rand des Nildeltas zwischen dem Mittelmeer und dem lagunenartigen Brackwassersee Mareotis (بحيرة مريوط — Buḥarat Mariyyūṭ).

Geografie und Betrieb

Der Hafen befindet sich beiderseits der Halbinsel Rās at-Tīn (رأس التين), die aus der antiken Insel Pharos entstanden ist.

Der Osthafen (الميناء الشرقي — al-Mīnâ aš-Šarqiyya) ist ein Bootshafen.

Der eigentliche Seehafen ist der Westhafen (الميناء غَرْبِيّ — al-Minâ al-Ğarbiyya). Der innere Teil beim Stadtteil al-Medina ist vom äußeren durch eine Mole getrennt, der äußere vom offenen Meer durch die westliche Landzunge der Halbinsel at-Tin, wo sich eine Flottenbasis befindet, und eine neuere Mole. Auf der Landzunge steht der höchste der heute betriebenen Leuchttürme in Alexandria, mit 52 m weniger als halb so hoch wie der antike und, 1848 errichtet, selber nicht mehr neu.

Von 1980 bis 1986 wurde wenige Kilometer westlich des Westhafens der Industriehafen von El-Dekheila (ميناء الدخيلة — Mīnâ ad-Duhkayla) angelegt.

Über die Häfen von Alexandria laufen 60 % des ägyptischen Außenhandels.
Der Hafen von Alexandria ist auch für den Tourismus sehr bedeutend, da er von vielen Kreuzfahrtschiffen angelaufen wird.
Betreiber der Häfen ist die Alexandria Port Authority.

Geschichte

Sedimentuntersuchungen aus dem Osthafen lassen darauf schließen, dass das heutige al-Iskandriyya schon von etwa 2700 bis 2200 und von 1000 bis 800 vor Chr. ein besiedelter Hafenplatz war. Vor der Eroberung Ägyptens durch Alexander den Großen war die wichtigste Hafenstadt des Landes jedoch das heute in der Bucht von Abukir (خليج أبو قير — Khalīg Abū Qīr) versunkene Thonis, von den Griechen Herakleion genannt.

Unter der Regierung Alexanders, der möglicherweise nie an dem nach ihm benannten Ort gewesen ist, begann der Aufschwung von Hafen und Stadt. Durch den Bau des sieben Stadien (daher der Name) langen Dammes Heptastadion (Ὲπταστάδιον) zur Insel Pharos wurden zwei künstliche Buchten geschaffen, der Eunostòs Limên (Eὐνοστòς Λιµήν, "Gute-Heimkehr-Hafen", später lat.: PORTVS EUSTONVS) im Westen und der Große Hafen (Μέγας Λιµήν, Mégas Limên, später lat.: PORTVS MAGNVS) im Osten.

Die Bucht des Großen Hafens war seewärts durch Sandbänke und Riffe begrenzt. Die Zufahrt wurde einfacher, seit ab 282 bei einem Riff zwischen den beiden Hauptpassagen der Pharos-Leuchtturm stand und auf einigen Riffen Molen gebaut wurden. Der Turm war also nicht nur bei der Navigation aus der Ferne, sondern auch bei der Einfahrt in den Hafen wichtig. Innerhalb der Bucht wurden durch Molen und künstliche Inseln geschützte Hafenbecken geschaffen. Auf einer der Inseln stand ein Königspalast. Der Große Hafen lag mitten vor der städtischen Bebauung des antiken Alexandria.

Wegen einer Reihe von Sandbänken erforderten auch beim Eunostos-Hafen Ein- und Ausfahrt gewisse Vorsicht. Nur die Südostecke der Bucht grenzte an die ummauerte Stadt. Hier mündete der Kanal von Alexandria in die "Kibotós" (ἡ κιβοτός, "die Kiste"), ein kleines ummauertes Hafenbecken.

Zusätzlich zu den Seehäfen besaß das antike Alexandria noch südlich der Stadt zwei Binnenhäfen, einen am besagten Süßwasserkanal und einen am Mareotis-See.

Nachdem der Pharos-Turm im 14. Jahrhundert seine Funktion als Leuchtturm eingebüßt hatte, markiert er immerhin noch die Einfahrt zum Großen Hafen, ebenso das 1480 an seiner Stelle erbaute Fort des Kait Bay (قايت باي — Qāyīt Bāy).

Zwischen den antiken Bezeichnungen als "Eunostus"- und "Großer" Hafen und den heutigen als "West"- und "Ost"-Hafen wurde in europäischen Karten der Westhafen als "Alter" Hafen und der Osthafen als "Neuer" Hafen bezeichnet, auf zwischenzeitliche Verschiebungen in der Nutzung hindeuten kann.

Siehe auch
 Liste von Seehäfen

Weblinks

 Alexandria Port Authority (Engl.)
 Dominion Shipping Agences: Alexandria port, detaillierte Informationen zum Handelshafen (Engl.)
 Alexandria gegen Ende der Regierung Kleopatras, Karte anhand der Erkundungen Goddios überarbeitet.

Einzelnachweise

Alexandria
Alexandria
Alexandria
Alexandria
Erbaut im 2. Jahrhundert v. Chr.

Hafen von Alexandria


Selskab for Medicinsk Studenterforskning (også kendt som SMS) er en studenterforening på Aarhus Universitet. Foreningen arbejder for at fremme prægraduat sundhedsvidenskabelig forskning i Danmark, hvilket selskabet i 2011 modtog Det Nationale Samarbejdsforum for Sundhedsforsknings forskerpris for. Prisen blev overrakt af daværende indenrigs- og sundhedsminister Bertel Haarder. Hvert år i marts afholder Selskab for Medicinsk Studenterforening en landsdækkende kongres for sundhedsvidenskabelige forskningsaktive studerende, Kongres for Medicinsk Studenterforskning, der første gang blev afholdt i 2008.

Foreningen består af 15 bestyrelsesmedlemmer, heribland en formand, næstformand, kasserer og en sekretær samt 11 menige medlemmer af bestyrelsen. Foruden bestyrelsesmedlemmerne kan være tilknyttet en håndfuld menige medlemmer, de såkaldte hangarounds, som ikke har stemmeret i bestyrelsen.

Selskab for Medicinsk Studenterforskning har søsterforeninger på to andre danske universiteter:

 Panums UngdomsForsker Forening (PUFF) på Københavns Universitet
 Sundhedsvidenskabelige Studenterforskere (SSF) på Syddansk Universitet

StudenterForskning Aalborg (SFA) på Aalborg Universitet blev den 30. september 2020 opløst på ekstraordinær generalforsamling.

Historie

Selskab for Medicinsk Studenterforskning (SMS) blev stiftet den 6. april 2005 af professor og læge Bo Løfgren, Ph.D. og læge Luis Sigaard Ferreira. SMS hed dengang SYngFor (Selskab for Yngste Forskere).

Kongres for Medicinsk Studenterforskning
Selskab for Medicinsk Studenterforskning arrangerer årligt Kongres for Medicinsk Studenterforskning (KMS), Danmarks eneste kongres for prægraduate forskere indenfor sundhedsvidenskabelig forskning. Her deltager over 100 studenterforskere, primært medicinstuderende, medIS-studerende, folkesundhedsvidenskabstuderende og molekylærmedicinsstuderende der har lavet sundhedsvidenskabelig forskning under studiet. Den første Kongres for Medicinsk Studenterforskning var i 2008 og har siden været en årligt tilbagevendende begivenhed med undtagelse af i 2009. Kongressen afholdes på et af landets kongressteder, men har i de fleste år været afholdt på Aarhus Universitets kursusejendom Sandbjerg Gods i Sønderborg.

Kildehenvisninger

Studenterforeninger ved Aarhus Universitet
Lægefaglige institutter, råd og foreninger


نوري الجراح شاعر من سوريا مقيم في بريطانيا وهو من مواليد دمشق 1956 م.

سيرة ذاتية
انتقل نوري الجراح إلى بيروت وعمل في الصحافة الأدبية منذ مطلع الثمانينات، فأدار تحرير مجلة «فكر» الأدبية التي أسسها هنري حاماتي ونصري الصايغ. ترك بيروت وعاش في قبرص سنتين، ثم هاجر إلى لندن وأقام هناك منذ سنة 1986. عمل في مجلة «الحوادث» وصحيفة الحياة، وغيرها من صحف المهجر.

نشاط مهني
يشرف نوري الجراح، ما بين لندن ودولة الإمارات، على «المركز العربي للادب الجغرافي -ارتياد الآفاق»، و«جائزة ابن بطوطة للأدب الجغرافي»، و«ندوة الرحالة العرب والمسلمين: اكتشاف الذات والآخر» التي تنعقد سنوياً في عاصمة شرقية.
قبل ذلك، ساهم إلى جانب كل من رياض الريس وأنسي الحاج وزكريا تامر في تأسيس مجلة الناقد الشهرية الثقافية الحرة، وعمل فيها مديراً للتحرير ما بين 1988 و 1993.
وفي الفترة ما بين 1993 و 1995 أسس ورأس تحرير مجلة الكاتبة كأول منبر ثقافي عربي شهري يصدر من لندن ويوزع في العالم العربي ويعنى بمغامرة المرأة في الكتابة ومغامرة الكتابة في المرأة، وشاركت في الكتابة على صفحاتها نخبة من أهم الكاتبات والكتاب العرب.
كما أسس أول جائزة عربية للرواية التي تكتبها المرأة تحت اسم «جائزة الكاتبة للرواية» وحازت عليها في دورتها الأولى سنة 1994 الروائية اللبنانية هاديا سعيد عن روايتها «بستان أسود».
وفي سنة 1999 أسس ما بين لندن وقبرص مجلة «القصيدة» منبراً للشعر الحر وللأفكار الجديدة حول الشعر.

أعماله الشعرية
صدرت له عشر مجموعات شعرية هي:

 الصبي، بيروت 1982
 مجاراة الصوت، لندن 1988
 نشيد صوت، كولونيا 1990
 طفولة موت، الدار البيضاء 1992
 كأس سوداء، لندن 1993
 القصيدة والقصيدة في المرآة بيروت 1995
 صعود أبريل بيروت 1996
 حدائق هاملت بيروت 2003
 طريق دمشق والحديقة الفارسية في مجلد واحد 2004.
 الأعمال الشعرية الكاملة صدرت له عن المؤسسة العربية للدراسات والنشر في مجلدين، سنة 2008.
لَا حَرْب في طُرْوَادَة - كلماتْ هُومِيرُوسْ الأَخِيرَةْ. صدرت له عن منشورات المتوسط في مجلد، سنة 2019.

كما ترجمت بعض أعماله الشعرية إلى لغات عدة منها، اللغة الفارسية، الفرنسية، الإسبانية، الإنكليزية، الإيطالية اليونانية، التركية، البولونية، الفلمانية.

كتبوا عنه
 أصدر الروائي العراقي علي بدر كتاباً عن تجربته ضم مختارات ودراسة في شعره تحت عنوان «أمير نائم وحملة تنتظر» 2005.
 صدرت له مختارات شعرية في القاهرة تحت عنوان «رسائل أوديسيوس» مع مقدمة للناقد السوري خلدون الشمعة من منشورات الهيئة العامة لقصور الثقافة 2008.

كتب للطفولة
 أصدر كتابين للأطفال عن «دار فرح» في سلسلة نشرت لزكريا تامر ونصري الصايغ وحسن عبد الله وآخرين، والكتابين هما: الصدفة والإمبراطور - وقد نشر الكتابان باللغات الإنكليزية والإسبانية والتشيكية والصينية والفارسية.
 كما نشر عشرات القصص المنشورة في صحافة الأطفال والناشئة في بيروت والقاهرة خلال عقدي الثمانينات والتسعينات.

جوائز
حاز نوري الجراح على جائزة الدولة لأدب الأطفال في قطر 2008 عن كتابه «كتاب الوسادة / للأطفال من 7 إلى 77 سنة». وصدر الكتاب في الدوحة.

كتب أخرى
له في الثقافة والسياسة وأدب الرحلة:
 كتاب «الفردوس الدامي – 31 يوماً في الجزائر» الذي جاء ثمرة رحلة في الجغرافية الدموية الجزائرية سنة 1998، صدر أولاً بالفرنسية في باريس في 6 كراسات منفصلة سنة 1999، ثم صدر بالعربية سنة 2000 عن «دار رياض الريس» في بيروت.
 كتاب «بيت بين النهر والبحر _ حول اللاجئين الفلسطينيين والعودة». ستة 2000 عن المؤسسة العربية للدراسات والنشر في بيروت.
 حقق وحرر عدد من الرحلات العربية في إطار مشروع «ارتياد الآفاق» صدرت عن دار السويدي ما بين 2001 و2003 منها:
 «الذهب والعاصفة – رحلة الياس حنا الموصلي إلى أميركا سنة 1668»
 «رحلة الحبشة- من الآستانة إلى أديس أبابا سنة 1896» لصادق باشا المؤيد العظم
 «رحلة الوزير في افتكاك الاسير» - 1690 محمد الغساني الأندلسي
 "رحلة إلى أعالي النيل 1839 - 1840 لسليم قبطان
 «رحلة ابن خلدون» - تحقيق ابن تاويت الطنجي
 «رحلة إلى الهند 1899» مار أثناسيوس أغناطيوس نوري
 «رحلة البطريرك مكاريوس الحلبي إلى روسيا 1765»
 «رسائل البشرى في السياحة بألمانيا وسويسرا- رحلة عربي من برلين إلى برلين 1889» حسن توفيق العدل
 «حول العالم في 76 عاماً - رحلات نقولا زيادة» - تحقيق وتقديم.
 كتاب «الأولمب الإفريقي» الجزائر بعيون عربية 1900-1905.
 كتاب «أوروبا في مرايا الرحالين العرب.»، ومن بين الرحالة الذين ذكرهم أحمد أفوقاي صاحب رحلة الشهاب إلى لقاء الأحباب.

مشاركات
حاضر نوري الجراح في العديد من الجامعات وبيوت الثقافة في الوطن العربي والعالم، في قضايا المرأة والكتابة، وأدب الرحلة، و«تجليات صور الآخر في الثقافة العربية»، وفي الشعر وتجربته الشعرية، منها: «بيت ثقافات العالم» في برلين، «معهد العالم العربي» في باريس، «بيت الفنون» البريطاني، «منتدى صقلية للحوار العربي الأوروبي»، «جامعة قسنطينة»، «ندوة شومان الشهرية» عمان، «مؤسسة التعليم الألماني» الهيئة الألمانية للتبادل الثقافي في القاهرة. وفي «المجمع الثقافي» في أبو ظبي، وفي «وزارة التربية في الكويت»، و«اللجنة الوطنية للـيونسكو في سلطنة عمان». وغيرها الكثير من المعاهد والمؤسسات العلمية في أنحاء العالم.

المصادر

وصلات خارجية

 روافد: حوار توثيقي مع نوري الجراح. العربية نت

أشخاص ذوو صلة بجائزة ابن بطوطة لأدب الرحلة
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء رابطة الكتاب السوريين
بريطانيون من أصل سوري
شعراء سوريون في القرن 20
كتاب أدب أطفال سوريون
مهاجرون عرب
مواليد 1375 هـ
مواليد 1956
مواليد في دمشق

نوري الجراح


Angst er en dansk kortfilm fra 2010 instrueret af Mette Kejlstrup Nielsen.

Medvirkende
 Silja Eriksen Jensen

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Filmskolefilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2010

Angst (film)


Aşınma çevrimi, taze toprak yüzeyinin aşınma etkilerine uğramasıyla başlayan ve toprak ana tabakasına indirgenince sona eren olaylar toplamı.

William Morris Davis'in tanımlamasına göre, aşınma çevrimi, toprak yüzeyinin, dağ oluş hareketi sonucunda yükselmesiyle başlar ve genel taban düzeyine doğru eğimli, hafifçe engebeli bir alan (peneplen) ortaya çıkar. Bir yanardağın aşınma çevrimi, genellikle yan yüzeylerinin aşınmasıyla başlar ve konik patlamasıyla tamamlanır. Kıyılardaki aşınma çevrimi, deniz düzeyindeki yükselmeleri izler ve koylarla girintili çıkıntılı olan kıyı çizgisini düzleştirir.

Davis, 1880'lerde erozyon döngüsü modelini tasarladı. 1900'e kadar tamamen gelişti, geniş beğeni topladı, ancak hiçbir zaman evrensel olarak kabul edilmedi. Model erozyonun baskın süreç olduğu Dünya tarihinde olayları ve dönemleri incelemek için bir çerçeve sağlamıştır. Aynı zamanda model 19. yüzyılda Darwin'in evrim teorisiyle ortaya çıkan büyük evrimsel düşünceye iyi uyum sağlamaktadır.

Model hızla yayıldı. 1901'de Hans Reusch modeli güney Norveç'in dalgalı platosunu açıklamak için kullandı.  Davis Walter Wråk'tan, kuzey İskandinav Dağları'nın kabartmasını incelemek için ve Borsu yüzeyini açıklamak için kullandı. 1907 yılında B. Willis ve iş arkadaşları modeli kullanarak Çin'in topoğrafyasını cıkardı.

Model

Modelin yaratıcısı William Morris Davis, geçişi kademeli olan aşamalara ayırdı. Model  yükselmiş bir manzara ile başlar. Daha sonra Davis, nehir insizyonunun manzarayı şekillendiren baskın süreç olduğu genç bir aşamayı tanımladı. Genç evre sırasında yaylalar ve vadi dipleri arasındaki yükseklik farkları hızla artar. Genç evre, vadi dipleri ve yaylalar arasındaki yükseklik farklılıklarının en büyük olduğu olgun bir evre tarafından takip edilir. Olgun evre eğimin düşüşünden başlayarak daha önemli bir durum  haline gelir ve yaylalar, nehirlerin kesilmesinden daha hızlı bir şekilde yüksekliğini kaybeder ve etkili bir şekilde eğim azalır. En son aşamada erozyon uzun süre hareket ederek, manzara – orijinal yüksekliğe rağmen-yuvarlanan bir ovaya indirilir. Bu manzaraya bir peneplain denir ve genel düzeyde ayakta kalan Yükseklikleri içerebilir. Peneplaİn, ikinci bir erozyon döngüsüne başlayarak yükselebilir.

Davis, tam bir döngünün özel bir durum olduğunu ve ilk yükselişin hızlı olması veya uzun bir sessizlik dönemi olmadığını kabul etti. Ancak, Davis  genellikle manzaraları açıklamak için hızlı bir yükselme ve sessizlik yaklaşımı kullandı. Bu, modelin hızlı ve epizodik tektonik yükselme varsaydığı anlamına gelir. Modelin bir başka özelliği, eğimlerin düşüşle evrimleşmesidir, yani başlangıçta dik eğimler ardı ardına daha yumuşak eğimler oluşturan erozyon ile aşınır. Modelin zayıf yönleri, doğada çoğunlukla teorik ve tümdengelimsel olması ve tektonik hareketlerin veya iklim değişikliğinin karmaşıklığını hesaba katmamış olmasıdır. Orijinal formdaki model, akan su ile erozyonun birincil öneme sahip olduğu varsayılan ılıman manzaralardaki rölyef gelişimini açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Ancak erozyon döngüsü, modifikasyonlarla, kurak, buzul, kıyı, karstik ve çevre bölgeleri olarak genişletilmiştir.

Aşınma Döngüsünün Çeşitleri

Tarihçe

Greko-Romen dünyasında ve daha sonra Orta Çağ'da İslam dünyasında ve Avrupa'da döngüsel erozyon hakkında bazı fikirler vardı. Bununla birlikte, erozyon döngüsünün yaratıcısı William Morris Davis'in hemen etkileri 19. yüzyıl Amerikan kaşifleriydi. Amerikan İç Savaş'ının sona ermesi (1861-1865), batı Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinin keşfinin yeniden başlatılmasına yol açtı. Üç kaşif, John Wesley Powell, Clarence Edward Dutton ve Grove Karl Gilbert, karşılaştıkları manzaralarda ki jeomorfoloji ve jeoloji hakkında yazdılar. Davis, bu çalışmalardan, modeli oluşturmak için kullanılan birçok kavramı ödünç almıştır.

Davis'in biyoloji alanındaki fikirlerden, özellikle de 19. yüzyılın sonlarında Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde mevcut olan Neo-Lamarckian düşüncesinden etkilendiği iddia edildi. Davis'in bu Neo-Lamarkkian etkisinin bir kısmını eğitmeni Nathaniel Shaler'den aldığı düşünülmektedir. Erozyon döngüsünü şekillendirmiş olabilecek diğer biyolojik teoriler, her ikisi de Neo- Lamarkianizm ile bağlantılı olan ortogenez ve rekapitülasyon teorileridir. Darwin'in evrim teorisi Neo-Lamarckizm'e göre daha az etkili oldu. Bu fikirlerin etkisi, modellerin "değişim" yerine "evrim" kavramını istihdam etmesinde ima edilebilir ve bu da peyzaj ve yerşekillerinin değişiminin öngörülebilir bir yönünü ima eder.

Ayrıca Bakınız

 Aşınma
 Dış Kuvvetler

Kaynakça

Jeomorfoloji

Aşınma çevrimi


Audouinella nom. cons., rod crvenih algi iz porodice Acrochaetiaceae. Postoji 45 priznatih vrsta

Vrste

 Audouinella amahatana (Kumano) Garbary
 Audouinella armoricanum Dizerbo
 Audouinella beardsleei (Wolle) F.D.Ott
 Audouinella blumii Woelkerling
 Audouinella boweri (Murray & E.S.Barton) Hamel
 Audouinella chalybea (Roth) Bory
 Audouinella cheminii Dizerbo
 Audouinella chnoosporae (Børgesen) Garbary
 Audouinella curviramulosa Luan
 Audouinella cylindrica C.-C.Jao
 Audouinella dalianensis L.Luan
 Audouinella drewii (Baardseth) R.X.Luan & S.M.Zhang
 Audouinella eugenea (Skuja) C-.C.Jao
 Audouinella funiformis Bory
 Audouinella godwardensis (R.J.Patel) Garbary
 Audouinella hermannii (Roth) Duby
 Audouinella huastecana Carmona & Necchi
 Audouinella indica (S.K.S.Raikwar) Garbary
 Audouinella jogensis Iyengar ex V.Krishnamurthy & M.Baluswami
 Audouinella laminariae Dizerbo
 Audouinella lanosa C.-C.Jao
 Audouinella liaonanensis Luan
 Audouinella manxiana Garbary
 Audouinella mstinensis (Kamarov) Papenfuss
 Audouinella neozeelandica (Levring) Garbary
 Audouinella parva Garbary
 Audouinella patelii C.Shaji
 Audouinella polymorpha (Möbius) F.D.Ott
 Audouinella polyspora R.X.Luan
 Audouinella pugettia Luan
 Audouinella pygmaea (Kützing) Weber Bosse
 Audouinella quilonensis C.Shaji & M.V.N.Panikkar
 Audouinella sarmae (M.Khan) Garbary
 Audouinella scopulata S.Skinner & T.J.Entwisle
 Audouinella serpens (Israelson) Sheath ex Kumano
 Audouinella sorocarpa R.X.Luan
 Audouinella sphaerotrichia R.X.Luan
 Audouinella spinulosa (Suhr) G.R.South & Tittley
 Audouinella streblocladiae (P.J.L.Dangeard) J.H.Price
 Audouinella subtilis C.C.Jao
 Audouinella tenella (Skuja) Papenfuss

Izvori

Acrochaetiales

Audouinella


Dead Man Down er en amerikansk neo-noir kriminal-thriller skrevet af J.H. Wyman og instrueret af danske Niels Arden Oplev. I hovedrollerne medvirker Colin Farrell, Noomi Rapace, Dominic Cooper og Terrence Howard og blev udgivet den 8. marts, 2013. Dead Man Down var Oplev's første film siden Mænd der hader kvinder (film) (2009) hvor Rapace også medvirkede med musik af Jacob Groth.

Rolleliste
 Colin Farrell som Victor/László Kerick
 Noomi Rapace som Beatrice Louzon
 Dominic Cooper som Darcy
 Terrence Howard som Alphonse Hoyt
 Isabelle Huppert som Maman Louzon
 Luis Da Silva som Terry
 Wade Barrett som Kilroy
 Franky G som Luco
 Declan Mulvey som Goff
 John Cenatiempo som Charles
 Roy James Wilson som Blotto
 Stephen Hill som Roland
 Aaron Vexler som Paul
 Accalia Quintana som Delphine
 James Biberi som Ilir
 F. Murray Abraham som Gregor
 Andrew Stewart-Jones som Harry
 William Zielinski som Alex
 Armand Somsante som Lon Gordon
 Raw Leiba som Harry's Jamaican #2

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Amerikanske film fra 2013
Kriminalfilm fra USA
Neo-noir
Film instrueret af Niels Arden Oplev
Engelsksprogede film

Dead Man Down


Die folgende Tabelle listet die Verteilung der Mitglieder des Europäischen Parlaments auf die Fraktionen (absolute Zahlen und Prozentangaben) seit 1979, jeweils zu Beginn und zu Ende der Legislaturperiode.

 Einzelnachweise

Europäisches Parlament

Sitzverteilung im Europäischen Parlament nach Fraktionen


USS Iwo Jima (LHD-7) is a  of the United States Navy. The ship was named for the Battle of Iwo Jima of World War II. The ship was commissioned in 2001 and is in service.

Construction and career
Fabrication work for Iwo Jima began at Ingalls shipyard on 3 September 1996, and the ship's keel was laid on 12 December 1997. At the keel laying ceremony, United States Army Captain Jacklyn H. Lucas, who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions while serving as a Marine at the Battle of Iwo Jima, placed his Medal of Honor citation in the hull of the ship, where it remains today. She was launched on 4 February 2000. USS Iwo Jima was christened by her sponsor, Mrs. Zandra Krulak, wife of General Charles C. Krulak, the former Commandant of the Marine Corps, in Pascagoula, Mississippi on 25 March 2000. The commissioning crew moved aboard in April 2001, and made the ship's maiden voyage on 23 June 2001, accompanied by more than 2,000 World War II veterans – many of them survivors of the Battle of Iwo Jima. She was commissioned a week later in Pensacola, Florida, on 30 June 2001.

Shortly thereafter, the ship and crew began an accelerated Inter Deployment Training Cycle, which tested virtually every system on board in realistic combat conditions. Iwo Jima was also the first ship on the waterfront open to the public after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. In 2002, Iwo Jima participated in Fleet Week in New York City.

Ship's history

2003

Iwo Jima and the Marines of the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit (26 MEU) along with two other amphibious assault ships formed the Iwo Jima Amphibious Ready Group. Iwo Jima left port on 4 March 2003 in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and deployed Marines in April 2003 from the Mediterranean Sea into Northern Iraq for the Iraq War. In July 2003, Iwo Jima deployed to the coast of Liberia as part of JTF Liberia in response to the Second Liberian Civil War. During this operation, the Southern European Task Force (SETAF) as the command element of JTF Liberia and Iwo Jima with the 26 MEU landed Marines in Liberia to perform humanitarian assessments. "At its height, JTF Liberia consisted of over 5,000 service members from the SETAF headquarters, the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit, the three-ship Iwo Jima Amphibious Ready Group, 3rd Air Force's 398th Air Expeditionary Group, U.S. Army Europe's 21st Theater Support Command, and Army Special Forces."

2004–2005
In 2004, Iwo Jima participated in Fleet Week. Iwo Jima served as the 2nd Fleet flagship in 2005, based out of Norfolk, Virginia.

Hurricane Katrina

On 31 August 2005, Iwo Jima was sortied to the Gulf of Mexico to provide disaster relief and to conduct support operations in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Iwo Jima sailed up the Mississippi River to the city of New Orleans to directly support relief operations and act as the central command center for all federal, state and local disaster recovery operations.

During this critical period, Iwo Jima also served as the region's only fully functional air field for helicopter operations, conducting over one thousand flight deck operations; provided hot meals, showers, drinking water, and berthing to thousands of National Guardsmen and relief workers; provided medical services, including first aid and surgical services, for disaster victims; and conducted clean-up operations in the city and suburbs of New Orleans.

Iwo Jima served as flagship for the commander-in-chief, George W. Bush, during Hurricane Katrina Joint Task Force, and is only the second Navy ship to have been presented the flag of the president of the United States.

2006
On 6 June 2006, Iwo Jima left her homeport of Norfolk, Virginia, and began a regularly scheduled six-month deployment to the U.S. European Command and U.S. Central Command area of responsibilities, as flagship for the Iwo Jima Expeditionary Strike Group, encompassing 6,000 sailors and Marines. The ship was also a part of the evacuation effort of American citizens from the conflict in Lebanon.

News reports on 15 July 2006 stated that Iwo Jima, flagship of the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit, would be used to evacuate U. S. citizens from Lebanon after the Israeli Defense Force made the Beirut International Airport unusable through bombing its runways and fuel storage areas.

2007
On 16 February 2007, Iwo Jima was awarded the 2006 Battle "E" award.

2009–2012
In 2009, 2010, and 2011, Iwo Jima participated at the annual Fleet Week in New York City.

On 3 November 2010, Iwo Jima was deployed to Haiti in anticipation of providing humanitarian assistance due to an impending Tropical Storm Tomas.

On 27 March 2012, Iwo Jima was deployed as part of the Iwo Jima Amphibious Ready Group with Marines from the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit supporting maritime security operations and security cooperation efforts in the U.S. 5th and 6th Fleet areas of responsibility.

On 11 April 2012, an MV-22 from VMM-261 crashed near Agadir, Morocco, during a joint training exercise after taking off from USS Iwo Jima. Two US Marine crew chiefs were killed and the two pilots were seriously injured.

Early in May 2012, Iwo Jima was operating in the Gulf of Aqaba and in the south of the Red Sea. In November 2012, Iwo Jima was dispatched to the eastern Mediterranean, during escalating warfare between Israel and Hamas, in case the evacuation of U.S. citizens from Israel was required, delaying the scheduled return of Iwo Jima to Norfolk.

2014
In August 2014, Iwo Jima shifted homeport to Mayport.

2015
In January 2015, Iwo Jima,  and  were positioned off the coast of Yemen on standby to evacuate the staff of the US embassy should the need arise due to the collapse of the Yemeni government.

2016
In October 2016, Iwo Jima sailed to Haiti to relieve , assisting victims of Hurricane Matthew.

2018

In October and November 2018, Iwo Jima participated in NATO's Exercise Trident Juncture 2018 in Norway.

2021

In December 2021, Iwo Jima shifted homeports from Naval Station Mayport to Naval Station Norfolk as a part of the Navy's plan to consolidate the East Coast-based amphibious ships to the Norfolk area.

Awards
 Admiral James Flatley Memorial Award for Naval Aviation Safety - (2003, 2015, 2018, 2021)

Motto

The ship's motto, "Uncommon Valor", is based on Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz's words when he spoke of Sailors and Marines who fought at Iwo Jima: "Among the Americans who served on Iwo Jima, uncommon valor was a common virtue."

References

External links

Maritimequest USS Iwo Jima LHD-7 Photo Gallery
USS Iwo Jima history at U.S. Carriers

Wasp-class amphibious assault ships
Amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Ships built in Pascagoula, Mississippi
2001 ships

USS Iwo Jima (LHD-7)


INFP (Introversión, iNtuición, sentimiento -Feeling-, Percepción) son unas siglas empleadas en el Indicador Myers-Briggs (MBTI) para describir uno de los dieciséis tipos de personalidad.

El indicador MBTI se desarrolló a partir de las investigaciones del prominente psiquiatra Carl Gustav Jung en su libro Tipos psicológicos. Jung propone los tipos psicológicos de personalidad basados en sus observaciones de las funciones cognitivas de sus pacientes a lo largo de toda su experiencia clínica.

Con la obra de Jung, los investigadores empezaron a crear sus propias teorías de tipos adaptadas e indicadores, en los que se incluye el Indicador Myers-Briggs o MBTI, desarrollado por Isabel Briggs Myers y Katharine Cook Briggs, y el Keirsey Temperament Sorter (KTS), desarrollado por David Keirsey. Keirsey se refiere a los INFP como los Sanadores, uno de los cuatro tipos que pertenece al temperamento llamado Idealista. Los INFP son uno de los tipos más raros, habiendo solamente entre un 4-5% de la población.

Instrumento del indicador MBTI

Las preferencias MBTI indican las diferencias en las personas basadas en lo siguiente:
 Cómo enfocan su atención u obtienen su energía (Extraversión o Introversión)
 Cómo perciben o toman la información (Sensación o Intuición)
 Cómo prefieren tomar decisiones (Pensamiento o Sentimiento)
 Cómo se orientan hacia el mundo exterior (calificador o "Judging"  y Prospección)

Al usar sus preferencias en cada una de estas áreas, las personas pueden desarrollar lo que Jung y Myers llamaban tipos psicológicos. Este patrón de personalidad fundamental resulta de la interacción dinámica de las cuatro preferencias, en relación con sus influencias ambientales y sus tendencias individuales propias. Las personas son propensas a desarrollar conductas, habilidades y actitudes en función de su tipo particular. Cada tipo de personalidad tiene su propia fuerza potencial como también áreas que ofrecen la oportunidad de ser desarrolladas.

La herramienta del MBTI consiste en preguntas de opción múltiple que responde a las bases de las cuatro dicotomías (par de opuestos psicológicos). Dieciséis resultados son posibles, cada uno identificado por su propio código de cuatro letras y es denotado por su letra inicial. (La N es usada para Intuición, ya que la I es usada para Introversión). El MBTI tiene aproximadamente un 75% de precisión de acuerdo con su propio manual.

 I - Introversión en contraposición a la extraversión: los INFP tienden a ser callados y reservados. Generalmente prefieren interactuar con unos pocos pero cercanos amigos en lugar de un amplio círculo de amistades, y gastan su energía en las situaciones sociales (mientras que los extravertidos la ganan).
 N - Intuición en contraposición a la sensación: los INFP tienden a ser más abstractos que concretos. Se concentran en el cuadro grande en lugar de en sus detalles, y en las posibilidades futuras más que en la realidad inmediata.
 F - Feeling (sentimiento) en contraposición al pensamiento: los INFP tienden a valorar las consideraciones personales sobre los criterios objetivos. Al tomar decisiones, suelen dar más peso a las implicaciones sociales que a la lógica.
 P - Prospección en contraposición a la calificación: los INFP tienden a aplazar los juicios y a retrasar las decisiones importantes, prefiriendo mantener sus opciones abiertas por si las circunstancias cambiasen.

Características de los INFP

Según Myers-Briggs, los INFP concentran mucha de su energía en su mundo interior, dominado por intensos sentimientos y principios rígidos. Buscan una vida exterior que esté a la altura de esos valores. Leales a la gente y a las causas importantes para estas personas, los INFP pueden reconocer rápidamente aquellas oportunidades adecuadas para poner en práctica sus ideales. Son curiosos a la hora de entender a las personas de su alrededor, y son flexibles y tolerantes excepto cuando ven amenazados sus valores.

El exterior reservado y educado de los INFP puede hacer que se hagan difíciles de conocer en primera instancia. No obstante, disfrutan de la conversación, siendo sus preferidas las más inusuales. Cuando el INFP está en su modo más sociable, su buen humor y su encanto brillan por encima del resto. Dispuestos a caerle bien a la gente y a evitar el conflicto, los INFP pueden hacer una agradable compañía.

Devotos a las personas de su círculo interno, los INFP cuidan del bien emocional de los demás, consolando a los más afligidos. Guiados por su deseo de armonía, prefieren ser flexibles a no ser que sus valores se vean traicionados. En ese caso, se convierten en apasionados abogados de sus creencias. Son capaces de tomar en cuenta las opiniones de los demás con tacto, diplomacia, y con la habilidad de ver los diferentes lados de un problema.

Los INFP desarrollan estas capacidades a través de la reflexión, y necesitan una considerable cantidad de tiempo a solas para ponderar y procesar nueva información. Mientras que pueden ser muy pacientes con casos complejos, les aburre la rutina. Aunque no siempre sean ordenados, son meticulosos con las cosas que realmente valoran. Son también muy perfeccionistas, siendo a veces incapaces de finalizar una tarea cuando no van a completarla según sus altos criterios. Pueden llegar a volver sobre un proyecto una vez finalizado el periodo de entrega para seguir mejorándolo.

Los INFP son personas creativas que suelen tener un don para las palabras. Como introvertidos, prefieren expresarse mediante la escritura. Su sentimiento dominante conlleva la necesidad de comunicarse, a la vez que la intuición auxiliar proporciona información a la imaginación. Tienen un gran talento para el simbolismo, creando hábiles metáforas y símiles. Buscan continuamente nuevas ideas y se adaptan bien a los cambios. Prefieren trabajar en un ambiente que valore estos dones y les permita hacer cosas importantes, según sus propias creencias.

Debido a que suelen ser personas amorosas y cariñosas, la mayoría de las veces los INFP tienden a valorar a primera vista a las personas que van conociendo en el transcurso de su vida, y generalmente dan una buena impresión de la misma. Sin embargo, muchas veces tienen el don para intuir qué personas son buenas y cuáles no lo son. Para un INFP, ser amable y gentil con una persona que tan solo se caracteriza por ser buena y de trato agradable para ellos y para las demás personas, es suficiente para crear una gran amistad larga y duradera.

Los INFP, como mediadores que son, detestan los maltratos injustificados y a las personas que no son socialmente íntegras y honestas consigo mismo, tampoco toleran a las personas que quieren aparentar comportamientos de buena conducta, cuando en realidad no sea así. Sin embargo, debido a que la mayoría de la veces los INFP suelen crear inmediatamente lazos emocionales con las personas que conocen, les cuesta mucho romperlos en el momento en dónde la relación emocional se vuelva desagradable y perjudicial para ellos, si este fuese el caso.

Funciones cognitivas

Partiendo de la teoría de Jung, Isabel Myers propuso que para cada personalidad las funciones cognitivas (sensación, intuición, pensamiento y sentimiento) forman una jerarquía. Esta jerarquía representa el patrón de comportamiento por defecto del individuo.

La función Dominante es el papel preferido por el tipo de personalidad, aquel con el que se sienten más cómodos. La función Auxiliar secundaria sirve como apoyo y amplía la función Dominante. Si la Dominante es una función de recopilación de información (sensación o intuición), la Auxiliar es una función de toma de decisiones (sentimiento o pensamiento), y viceversa. La función Terciaria está menos desarrollada que la Dominante y la Auxiliar, pero madura con el tiempo, completando las habilidades de la persona. La función Inferior es el talón de Aquiles del individuo, aquella con la que la persona se siente más incómodo. Al igual que la Terciaria, la función Inferior mejora con la madurez.

Jung y Myers consideraron que la actitud de las funciones Auxiliar, Terciaria e Inferior es contraria a la Dominante. Según esta interpretación, si la función Dominante es extravertida, entonces las otras tres son introvertidas, y viceversa. No obstante, muchos practicantes modernos sostienen que la Terciaria es igual que la Dominante. Usando las más modernas interpretaciones, las funciones cognitivas del INFP son las siguientes:

Dominante: sentimiento introvertido (Fi)

La función Fi filtra información basada en interpretaciones de valor, formando juicios según unos criterios que a menudo son intangibles. El Fi mantiene constantemente en equilibrio un grupo interno de valores como la armonía y la autenticidad. En consonancia con distinciones sutiles, el Fi siente de manera innata lo verdadero y lo falso en una situación. Con esta función como dominante, el INFP vive primordialmente en su rico mundo interior lleno de emociones.

Auxiliar: intuición extravertida (Ne)

El Ne busca e interpreta significados ocultos, usando preguntas hipotéticas para explorar alternativas, permitiendo coexistir a multitud de posibilidades. Este proceso imaginativo une deducciones y experiencias de varias fuentes para formar un todo que puede convertirse en un catalizador de la acción. Los INFP se dirigen al mundo principalmente a través de su intuición. Prefieren ver el cuadro grande, identificando patrones y el flujo de la existencia desde el pasado hacia el futuro.

Terciaria: sensación introvertida (Si)

La función Si recolecta datos del presente y los compara con experiencias pasadas, un proceso que a veces evoca los sentimientos asociados con la memoria, como si el individuo lo estuviera volviendo a vivir. Buscando proteger lo familiar, el Si hace uso de la historia para formar objetivos y expectativas sobre lo que sucederá en el futuro. Esta función le da al INFP la tendencia al ensoñamiento y hace que se distraigan más a menudo.

Inferior: pensamiento extravertido (Te)

El Te organiza y programa las ideas y el ambiente para asegurar la eficiencia y la persecución productiva de los objetivos. Busca explicaciones lógicas para acciones, eventos y conclusiones, buscando razonamientos defectuosos y errores en la secuencia. Esta función permite al INFP concentrarse en los detalles externos, pero al ser la función inferior, requiere de gasto de mucha energía y no es tan confiable.

Funciones sombra

Los más recientes investigadores de la personalidad (especialmente Linda V. Berens) añadieron cuatro funciones a la jerarquía descendente, las llamadas "funciones sombra" hacia las que el individuo no está naturalmente inclinado pero que pueden revelarse cuando la persona está bajo estrés. Para los INFP, las funciones sombra son:

 Sentimiento extravertido (Fe): la función Fe busca conexiones sociales y crea armoniosas interacciones a través de un comportamiento educado, apropiado y considerado. El Fe responde a los deseos explícitos (e implícitos) de los demás, y pueden llegar a crear un conflicto interno entre las propias necesidades del sujeto y el deseo de cumplir con las necesidades de los demás.
 Intuición introvertida (Ni): atraídos a las acciones u objetos simbólicos, la función Ni sintetiza aparentes paradojas para crear lo inimaginable anteriormente. Estas deducciones vienen con una certeza que pide acción para satisfacer una nueva visión del futuro, soluciones que pueden incluir complejos sistemas o verdades universales.
 Sensación extravertida (Se): el Se se concentra en las experiencias y sensaciones del mundo físico. Con una aguda conciencia de lo que le rodea, lleva los hechos y detalles relevantes al frente, lo que puede llevar a la acción espontánea.
 Pensamiento introvertido (Ti): el Ti busca precisión, como la palabra exacta para expresar una determinada idea. Se da cuenta de las ligeras diferencias que definen la esencia de las cosas, y luego las analiza y clasifica. El Ti examina todos los lados de un problema, buscando resolverlo con el mínimo esfuerzo y riesgo. Usa modelos que erradiquen la inconsistencia lógica.

INFP famosos

A título ilustrativo, Keirsey y su hijo David M. Keirsey, entre otros autores, han identificado a personas famosas cuyo comportamiento pertenece a la tipología INFP, o bien porque lo declararon en algún momento o bien como consecuencia del estudio de estos expertos basado en el análisis de la personalidad de estos hombres y mujeres.

Ludwig van Beethoven
Kurt Cobain
Princess Diana
San Agustín
Hans Christian Andersen
William Blake
Robert Bresson
Bill Bryson
Tim Burton
Albert Camus
Homero
Jennie
Jim Morrison
Johnny Depp
Chaeyoung
John F. Kennedy
Søren Kierkegaard
David Bowie
Aldous Huxley
Audrey Hepburn
James Joyce
John Lennon
C.S. Lewis
David Lynch
 J.R.R. Tolkien
Terrence Malick
Margaret Mead
A.A. Milne
John Milton
Jeff Mangum
Vladimir Nabokov
Juan Carlos Onetti
George Orwell
Oh Sehun
Heath Ledger
Sylvia Plath
Brian May
Edgar Allan Poe
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
J.K. Rowling
Antoine de Saint Exupery
J.D. Salinger
William Shakespeare
Vincent Van Gogh
Andy Warhol
Bill Watterson
Virginia Woolf
Frank Lloyd Wright
Julia Roberts
Alicia Keys
Tom Hiddleston
Timothée Chalamet
Melanie Martinez
Jude Law
Marlon Brando
Hongjoong
Ann Walker

Otros INFP famosos
 H. P. Lovecraft
 IU
 Neil Gaiman
 Oh Sehun
 Anais Nin
 Serj Tankian
 Stevie Nicks
 Julio Cortázar
 Taemin
 Manolensen
 Luis Alberto Spinetta
 Hyunjin
 Momo
 Taehyung

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Keirsey's Healer Idealist (INFP)
 TypeLogic INFP
 Personality Page INFP
 The Myers & Briggs Foundation: The 16 MBTI Types
 Odisea Jung

Tipos MBTI

INFP


نيكولاس فيدور  (مواليد 19 أغسطس 1985 في كاراكاس - فنزويلا) لاعب كرة قدم فنزويلي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى نادي خيتافي الإسباني في مركز المهاجم كما يجيد اللعب في مركز الوسط المهاجم والجناح الأيمن .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسكتلندا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في الهند
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في قبرص
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في قطر
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون فنزويليون مغتربون في الهند
رياضيون فنزويليون مغتربون في إسبانيا
رياضيون فنزويليون مغتربون في إسكتلندا
رياضيون فنزويليون مغتربون في قبرص
رياضيون فنزويليون مغتربون في قطر
رياضيون من كاراكاس
فائزون بميداليات فضية في ألعاب أمريكا الوسطى والكاريبي من فنزويلا
فائزون بميداليات في ألعاب أمريكا الوسطى والكاريبي في كرة القدم
فنزويليون من أصل مجري
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية ب
لاعبو الدوري الإسكتلندي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري القبرصي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو خيمناستيك طركونة
لاعبو دوري السوبر الهندي
لاعبو دوري نجوم قطر
لاعبو ديبورتيفو لاكورونيا
لاعبو رايو فايكانو
لاعبو ريال مورسيا
لاعبو سيوداد دي مرسية
لاعبو فالنسيا ميستايا
لاعبو كرة قدم فنزويليون
لاعبو كرة قدم فنزويليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في الهند
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسكتلندا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في قبرص
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في قطر
لاعبو كرة قدم من كاراكاس
لاعبو كوبا أمريكا 2011
لاعبو كوبا أمريكا 2015
لاعبو منتخب فنزويلا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي الغرافة
لاعبو نادي ألكويانو
لاعبو نادي أومونيا
لاعبو نادي بنغالورو
لاعبو نادي خيتافي
لاعبو نادي سالامانكا
لاعبو نادي سلتيك
لاعبو نادي فالنسيا
منافسون في ألعاب أمريكا الوسطى والكاريبي 2006
مواليد 1405 هـ
مواليد 1985
مواليد في كاراكاس

نيكولاس فيدور


Nogometni klub Mladost (NK Mladost; Mladost; Mladost Modran) je bio nogometni klub iz Modrana, Grad Derventa, Republika Srpska, Bosna i Hercegovina.

O klubu
NK "Mladost" je osnovana u Modranu u srpnju 1952. godine na osnovi dva neregistrirana kluba. "Naprijeda" i "Ljute Piskavice". S ligaškim natjecanjima počinje 1954. godine u "Sreskoj ligi Dervente", a potom "Općinskoj ligi Dervente", koju osvaja u sezoni 1960./61. Od tada je nastupala u ligama pod vodstvom saveza iz Doboja - "Podsavezna liga", "Područna liga", "Grupna liga", "Međuopćinska liga".

Zbog rata u BiH, okupacije i protjerivanja hrvatskog stanovništva iz Modrana klub se 1992. godine gasi. U obrani sudjeluju i članovi NK "Mladosti"'''. U ratu je deset bivših nogometaša "Mladosti" izgubilo život.  "Mladost" je uz "Tekstilac" iz Dervente bila najuspješniji nogometni klub derventske općine.

U izbjeglištvu je aktivnost kluba bila vezana uz veterane. Malonogometna momčad "NK Mladost Modran" se natjecala u "Malonogometnoj ligi Sesvete" - "veterani preko 30" od 2005. do 2009. godine.

U Modran se vratio samo manji dio stanovništva, te rad kluba nije obnovljen. Od 2010. godine na igralištu "Mladosti" veterani kluba u ljeto organiziraju nogometne utakmice pod nazivom "Susret generacija".

2012. godine je izdata klupska monografija pod nazivom "Priča o jednoj mladosti".

 Uspjesi
 Općinska liga Derventa
 prvak: 1960./61.

 Međuopćinska liga Doboj - Zapad
 prvak: 1986./87.

 Dobojska grupna liga - Zapad
 prvak: 1984./85.

 Pregled plasmana

 Poznati igrači

 Unutrašnje poveznice
 Modran

 Vanjske poveznice

 Izvori
 Vladimir Ravlić: Priča o jednoj Mladosti --- : nogometni klub "Mladost" Modran : 1952. – 2012. : monografija, Zagreb, 2012.,
 Iljo Dominković: Nogomet u Bosanskoj Posavini : 1920-1995'', Orašje, 1996.,  (B - graf), str. 155-156

Mladost
Mladost
Mladost

NK Mladost Modran


Unity, United Progressive Movement and United Reform were the names used in Canada by a popular front party initiated by the Communist Party of Canada in the late 1930s.

United Progressive/Unity in Saskatchewan
Two of the movement's members, Dorise Nielsen and Walter George Brown, were elected to the federal House of Commons in the 1940 Canadian election and two United Progressives, Alan Carl Stewart and Herman Kersler Warren, were elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan in the 1938 provincial election. The unity movement included Communists, members of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (despite objections from the CCF leadership), supporters of the Canadian social credit movement, and other populists and reformers opposed to the Liberal and Conservative parties.

Dorise Nielson was elected in North Battleford under the Unity label, and Walter George Brown was elected as a United Reform Member of Parliament in Saskatoon City.

Nielson was a supporter of the Communist Party and ran for re-election in 1945 federal election as a Labor-Progressive Party candidate (the name adopted by the Communist Party after it was banned) and was defeated.

United Reform in Saskatoon
The United Reform Movement or United Reform was an attempt in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, to create a left wing farmer-labour coalition. It was part of an effort in Saskatchewan and Alberta by the Communist Party of Canada to create a united front bringing together the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, Communists, other leftists and even the populist Social Credit movement against the Liberals and Conservatives. While the movement was opposed and denounced by the leadership of the CCF it succeeded in some areas to bring local CCF activists on board.

Clergyman Walter George Brown won election to the House of Commons as a United Reform Movement candidate in a 1939 by-election in the riding of Saskatoon City, and was re-elected in the 1940 general election with the endorsement of the National Government party (as the Tories were called in 1940). He died on April 1, 1940, five days after being re-elected.

The URM recruited Agnes Macphail, a longtime Member of Parliament (MP) who had been defeated in the 1940 election to run in the by-election to fill Brown's vacancy. MacPhail had been an MP since 1921, first as a representative for the Progressive Party of Canada and since 1930 as a United Farmers of Ontario-Labour MP, although she was active with the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. In deference to her nominators, she ran as a "United Reform" candidate in the August 1940 by-election, but was defeated by the Conservative candidate.

There was also a "United Reform" candidate in the Saskatchewan riding of Weyburn who ran in the 1940 general election against Tommy Douglas of the CCF.

United Progressive in Alberta
In the 1940 federal election, William Halina sought election to the Canadian House of Commons in the riding of Vegreville, Alberta under the United Progressive banner.  Halina won 2,727 votes, or 19.4% of the total cast, placing third behind the Social Credit and Liberal candidates, but ahead of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation candidate. Halina ran for the communist Labor-Progressive Party in the 1945 election.

References

See also
Labor-Progressive Party
Communist Party (Alberta)
List of political parties in Canada
Walter George Brown
Politics of Saskatchewan
Communist Party of Canada (Saskatchewan)

Federal political parties in Canada
Politics of Saskatchewan
Popular fronts
Socialist parties in Canada
Communist parties in Canada

Unity (Canada)