إنجيل الآيات أو إنجيل المعجزات هو نص مفترض كمصدر لإنجيل يوحنا حسب النقد المصدري.

وضع فرضية إنجيل الأيات رودلف بولتمان في 1941 واقترح أن مؤلف إنجيل يوحنا اعتمد جزئيا على روايات معجزات شفهية أو مكتوبة تصف معجزات المسيح وأنها مستقلة عن الأناجيل السينوبتية ولم يستخدمها مؤلفو الأناجيل السينوبتية. يقال أن إنجيل الأيات المفترض انتشر قبل 70 للميلاد. يمكن رؤية آثاره في بقايا نظم العد المتعلقة ببعض المعجزات في إنجيل يوحنا: فكل المعجزات التي ذكرها يوحنا فقط حدثت بوجود يوحنا، وهذه المعجزات (ويسميها يوحنا وحده "سِميا") درامية جدا، وهي تحدث من أجل الدعوة للإيمان. تختلف هذه المعجزات عن باقي المعجزات في إنجيل يوحنا وعن معجزات الأناجيل السينوبتية والتي تحدث بفضل الإيمان ونتيجة له. استنتاج بولتمان أن يوحنا فسر تقاليد هيلينية عن يسوع كصانع معجزات (أي ساحر حسب نظرة العالم الهيليني) كان جدليا جدا بحيث رفعت دعوى تجديف ضد بولتمان.

من المقبول بشكل واسع الآن أن إنجيل يوحنا اعتمد على إرث عن معجزات يسوع كان مستقلا بشكل كبير عن الأناجيل السينابتية الثلاثة. ففي إنجيل مرقس يرفض يسوع عمل أي معجزة تثبت أنه المسيح، وهذا ما يعرف بالسر المسيحي، كما في مرقس 8: 11-12. وفي إنجيلي متى ولوقا يذكر أن آية يونان النبي فقط ستعطى (متى 12: 38-39، 16: 1-4، لوقا: 11: 29-30). أما إنجيل يوحنا فيقوم فيه يسوع بتأدية معجزات كثيرة، كما في 2: 11، 2: 18-19، 12:37.

حسب كتاب الأناجيل الكاملة يمكن إعادة إنجيل الأيات من التالي:

 يوحنا المعمدان (1: 6-7، 19-49)
 تحويل الماء إلى خمر (2: 1-11)
 شفاء ابن خادم الملك (2: 12أ ، 4: 46ب-54)
 صيد 153 سمكة من (21: 1-14)
 إطعام 5000 (6: 1-14)
 المشي على الماء (6: 15-25)
 إحياء لازاروس (11: 1-45)
 شفاء أعمى (9: 1-8)
 شفاء في بركة بيت حسدا (5: 2-9)
 مؤامرة قتل يسوع (11: 47-53)
 حادثة المعبد (2: 14-19)
 رفض اليهود (12: 37-40)
 مريم تدهن يسوع (12: 1-8)
 دخول القدس (12: 12-15)
 القبض على يسوع (18: 1-11)
 أمام رئيس الكهنة (18 :12-27)
 أمام بيلاطس (18: 28-19: 16أ)
 الصلب (19: 16ب - 37)
 يوسف من الرامة (19: 38-42)
 قبر فارغ (20: 1-10)
 لا تلمسيني (20: 11-18)
 الإرسال الكبير (20: 19-22)
 ختام (20: 30 - 31 أب)

انظر أيضا

 وثيقة ق

مراجع

مواقع خارجية

 "إنجيل الآيات". مصدر مكتوب مفترض لمعجزات إنجيل يوحنا
 الأناجيل الضائعة

أدب يوحناوي
نقد كتابي
وثائق مفترضة

إنجيل الآيات


La  ruée vers l'or du centre d'Otago  (souvent appelée la  ruée vers l'or d'Otago) est une ruée vers l'or qui s'est produite en 1860, dans le centre d'Otago, en Nouvelle-Zélande. Ce fut la plus grande découverte d'or du pays qui a conduit à un afflux rapide de mineurs dans la région. Beaucoup étaient des vétérans en provenance des sites aurifères  californiens et  australiens.

Contexte
La ruée a commencé à Gabriel's Gully, une localité située dans la région d'Otago, dans l'île du Sud en Nouvelle-Zélande,  localisée à trois kilomètres de la ville de Lawrence et près de la rivière Tuapeka.  Elle s'est propagée dans une grande partie du centre de l'Otago, entraînant une expansion rapide dans la nouvelle colonie de Dunedin. Elle est devenue rapidement la plus grande ville de Nouvelle-Zélande.

Découvertes d'or précédentes en Nouvelle-Zélande
Près de Nelson en 1842, un gisement avait été trouvé avec de petites quantités d'or dans la péninsule de Coromandel. À Auckland,  étaient offerts, par les entreprises financières, à celui qui ramenait de l'or. En , Charles Ring, marchand de bois, découvre des sites dans la péninsule de Coromandel. Une ruée, qui n'a duré que trois mois, s'est ensuivi autour des cantons de Coromandel, de Cape Colville et de Mercury Bay. L'exploitation de l'or sur ces sites ne rapporta que .

En 1856, la découverte d'un gisement dans la vallée de l' Aorere près de Collingwood  s'est avérée plus fructueuse, avec  y convergeant, et sur dix ans ils prélevèrent une quantité d'or qui fut négociée à  .

Découvertes d'or précédentes à Otago
L'existence de l'or dans le centre de l'Otago était connue par les Maoris depuis longtemps mais ils n'en avaient aucun usage. Pour les maoris, le jade est un matériau précieux, c'est un élément  essentiel de leur culture, il est utilisé pour la fabrication des bijoux, des armes et des outils.

La première découverte de l'or par les occidentaux fut à Goodwood, près de Palmerston le . D'autres découvertes en 1858 autour de la rivière Mataura en 1856, et dans la chaîne Dunstan qui vit la ville de Clyde grossir avec l'arrivée des premiers colons venant de  durant cette ruée de . La ville put se prétendre la ville la plus populeuse en Nouvelle-Zélande durant le pic de la fièvre de l'or. Au début de 1861, près du col de Lindis, la découverte de gisements a suscité quelques intérêts.

Ravin de Gabriel

La découverte de l'or à Gabriel's Gully par  en  conduit à la ruée vers l'or de Central Otago. Ce prospecteur australien qui avait prospecté dans les mines d'or en Californie et dans l'État fédéré australien de Victoria situé dans le sud-est, trouva de l'or dans le lit d'un ruisseau à Gabriel's Gully non loin des rives de la rivière Tuapeka le .

La découverte de Read eut un énorme retentissement dans l'opinion publique, notamment par une lettre publiée dans l' Otago Witness le . Un reportage documentant une tournée de prospection de dix jours y était rapporté. John Hardy du Conseil provincial d'Otago déclara que .

Conséquences

Ruées vers l'or ultérieures
La rivière Wakamarina à Marlborough s'est avérée contenir de l'or en 1862 et  ont afflué dans le district.
Article détaillé : Ruée vers l'or en Nouvelle-Zélande.

Dans la seconde moitié du , la première exploitation aurifère du Southland a eu lieu en 1860 sur les rives de la rivière Mataura et de ses affluents (et plus tard, elle a aidé des colonies telles que Waikaia et Nokomai à prospérer). Cependant, la première « ruée vers l'or » n'a eu lieu qu'au milieu des années 1860, lorsque de l'or fin a été découvert dans le sable noir de la plage d'Orepuki. Les mineurs ont suivi les ruisseaux jusqu'aux contreforts des Longwoods jusqu'à l'endroit où se trouvait l'or le plus riche. Cette activité a conduit à la fondation de colonies minières telles que Orepuki et Round Hill (les mineurs chinois et les propriétaires de magasins dirigeaient essentiellement leur propre ville connue familièrement par les Européens sous le nom de « Canton »).

Extraction commercial e

Au

L'attention s'est tournée vers les lits de gravier de la rivière Clutha, avec un certain nombre de tentatives pour développer une drague d'or mécanique à vapeur. Celles-ci ont finalement rencontré le succès en 1881 lorsque la Dunedin est devenue la première drague aurifère à succès commercial au monde. Le Dunedin a continué ses opérations jusqu'en 1901, récupérant un total de  () d'or.

Au
L'exploitation minière a eu un impact environnemental considérable. En 1920, la Commission des rivières estimait que  de mètres cubes de matériaux avaient été déplacés par l'activité minière dans le bassin versant de la rivière Clutha. À cette époque, environ  de mètres cubes avaient été emportés dans la mer et  supplémentaires dans le fleuve. (Le reste était encore sur les berges). Cela avait entraîné une aggradation mesurée du fond de la rivière jusqu'à  .

L'or est toujours extrait par OceanaGold Corporation (OceanaGold), qui est une société d'exploitation aurifère multinationale de niveau intermédiaire possédant une vaste expérience mondiale en matière d'exploitation, de développement et d'exploration, à Otago sur le site de la Mine de Macraes. L'exploitation du site a débuté en 1990 à Palmerston à ciel ouvert de roche dure, elle traite plus de  de minerai par an. De 1990 à 2014, la production d'or a totalisé environ .

La ruée vers l'or d'Otago dans la culture populaire
De nombreuses chansons folkloriques, à la fois contemporaines et plus récentes, ont été écrites sur la ruée vers l'or. Parmi les chansons contemporaines, Bright Fine Gold, avec son refrain de Wangapeka, Tuapeka, bright fine gold (parfois rendu « One-a-pecker, two-a-pecker ») est peut-être la plus connue.

La plus connue des chansons les plus récentes est la chanson Tuapeka Gold de Phil Garland

Martin Curtis a écrit une chanson de style folk sur la ruée vers l'or intitulée Gin and Raspberry. Les paroles sont écrites avec la voix d'un chercheur d'or malheureux qui envie le succès de la plus grande mine d'or de la vallée de Cardrona à l'époque, le Gin and Raspberry (soi-disant ainsi nommé parce que le propriétaire crierait « Gin and framboise à toutes les mains! » chaque fois qu'un seau de matériaux extraits rapportait une once d'or. Le chanteur se lamente, « une once dans le seau et nous vendrions tous nos âmes/Pour un avant-goût du gin et de la framboise.» La chanson a eu plusieurs enregistrements, notamment par Gordon Bok.

La chanson de Paul Metsers Farewell to the Gold est vaguement basée sur une inondation en , qui a tué 13 mineurs sur la rivière Shotover. La chanson a été enregistrée par beaucoup, y compris Nic Jones, The Black Family, James Keelaghan et Nancy Kerr et James Fagan .

En 1976, la série dramatique télévisée pour enfants de Nouvelle-Zélande Hunter's Gold se déroule pendant la ruée vers l'or de Central Otago.

Chaque année, La Otago Goldfields Cavalcade retrace depuis 1991 les itinéraires des chariots à travers le pays jusqu'aux gisements d'or de Dunstan, dans les environs de Cromwell. L'itinéraire d'origine, qui a établi le service d'autocar de Cobb & Co., a quitté l'hôtel Provincial de Dunedin le . Les itinéraires de la Cavalcade varient chaque année à la fin février afin de se terminer dans une ville hôte différente. En 2008, des plans ont été élaborés pour un sentier du patrimoine comprenant Arrowtown, Kawarau Gorge, Lawrence et le .

Remarques
La rivière Wangapeka, dans le nord-ouest de l'île du Sud, a été le site d'une autre ruée vers l'or plus petite.

Liens externes
  Mine Océan Gold

Voir aussi
 Ruée vers l'or en Nouvelle-Zélande

Références

Liens externes

  Site officiel du tourisme de la péninsule de Coromandel

Macraes
Macraes
Otago

XIXe siècle

Ruée vers l'or du centre d'Otago


Sinatur Hotel Storebælt er et hotel, der ligger i Nyborg, placeret helt ud til vandkanten. Hotellet har ligget på sin nuværende placering ved Storebælt siden 1965. I 2013 gennemgik bygningen renovering og en større tilbygning.

Forinden flytningen i 1965 lå Hotel Storebælt ved Enghavevej i Nyborg, overfor banegården i en ejendom opført i 1900. Hotellet blev grundlagt som Turisthotellet, og opnåede i Nyborg et ry som stedet, hvor unge mennesker kunne more sig og holde baller. Inden flytningen til den nye beliggenhed skiftede hotellet navn til Hotel Storebælt.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Nyborg Lokalhistoriske Arkiv om Hotel Storebælt

Hoteller i Danmark
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Nyborg

Sinatur Hotel Storebælt


Highland Football League er den femte bedste fodboldliga i Skotland etableret i 1893. Ligaen er en semi-professional liga fra nordlige del af Skotland.

Oprykning til Scottish League Two
Vinderne af Highland Football League og Lowland Football League skal møde taberen af en play-off kamp mellem de to dårligst placeret i Scottish League Two.

Scottish Premiership
Etableret i 1893

Highland Football League


Sho-Air TWENTY20 er et professionelt landevejscykelhold for kvinder, der er baseret i USA. Holdets mest kendte ryttere har været den olympiske mester i enkeltstart, Kristin Armstrong og Giro Rosa 2013-vinderen Mara Abbott.

Holdet

2018

Sejre

Referencer

Cykelhold for kvinder
Cykelhold fra USA

Sho-Air TWENTY20


Lunca a fost un sat din lunca râului Ialomița. Numit anterior Chioara, denumirea a fost schimbată în Lunca la 1 ianuarie 1965. Grav afectat de inundațiile din 1970, satul a fost abandonat, cei mai mulți dintre locuitori mutându-se în localitățile Țăndărei, Vlădeni și Făcăeni. Inundațiile din 1975, mai catastrofale decât cele din 1970, au distrus urmele satului abandonat.

Localități dispărute din România

Lunca, Ialomița


A paca (from Tupí paka) is a member of the genus Cuniculus of ground-dwelling, herbivorous rodents in South and Central America.  It is the only genus in the family Cuniculidae.  Pacas are large rodents with dots and stripes on their sides, short ears, and barely visible tails. Pacas are eaten by people in Belize, where they are known as "gibnut" and, having been served to Queen Elizabeth II, "the royal rat".  In the Amazon basin they are known as "majás". In Guyanese English, it is known as labba from Arawak.

Evolutionary background
Pacas originated in South America and are one of the few mammal species that successfully emigrated to North America after the Great American Interchange .  They were formerly grouped with the agoutis in the family Dasyproctidae, subfamily Agoutinae, but were given full family status because they differ in the number of toes, the shape of the skull, and coat patterning.

Description

Pacas are  in length, excluding the  short tail, weigh , and are the sixth-largest rodents in the world.  Similar to guinea pigs, they have square heads, small ears, sides patterned with spots and stripes, and virtually invisible tails.

With large hind limbs, small fore limbs, and cone-shaped bodies, pacas are similar in appearance to the deer-like, ungulate chevrotains, and like them have four to seven horizontal lines of blotches and stripes along their flanks.  They have a heavy and robust appearance, though their legs are long and relatively tiny.  Their small ears are set high on their heads.  They have four toes on their fore feet and five on their hind feet (of which two are short and hardly touch the ground) and they have stout nails that resemble small hooves.  In young pacas, the skin is covered with horny scales about  in diameter; perhaps these scales have a protective function against smaller predators.  There is virtually no difference between sexes.  They can live up to 13 years in the wild.

Behavior
Pacas inhabit rainforests, cloud forests, and sometimes more open habitats. They are great swimmers and prefer to be near water.  They dive when threatened and can stay submerged up to 15 minutes.  They can also jump up to  and freeze for up to 45 minutes.  They normally move along well-established paths and will create new paths when old ones are disturbed.

They are normally passive in daytime and forage in the morning and afternoon, but can be strictly nocturnal in areas with many predators.  They live in burrows up to  deep, normally with two entrances covered with leaves to hide the burrow and to serve as an early warning system.  Burrows are often near water, but always above the seasonal flood line.  Predators except humans include jaguar, puma, ocelot, margay, jaguarundi, bush dog, boa constrictor, and caiman.

Pacas have resonating chambers in their cheeks and their growling noise, at about 1 kHz, is surprisingly loud for their size.  Aside from making noises, territories are marked with urine.  Population density can reach up to 70 adults per , and pacas often constitute some 20% of the biomass of terrestrial mammals.

Feeding

In the wild, pacas eat fruits from understory trees and fallen fruits from taller trees, but may also eat leaves, buds, flowers, fungi, and insects.  They play a vital role in seed dispersal, and, with seasonal adaptations, their home ranges are often centered on a group of fruit trees.  Pacas normally do not use their fore-paws to manipulate fruits (as do agoutis), instead using their powerful jaw muscles to break open hard-shelled fruits.  Unlike agoutis, pacas can store fat, and so are less dependent on the caching of seeds.  Competition from agoutis is avoided by a slight variation in activity cycles and food preferences.  Like rabbits, pacas are coprophagous and absorb protein and carbohydrates from specially produced moist fecal pellets.  Before allowing their young to suckle, mothers lick them to stimulate them to defecate and urinate, and then lick the resulting product, both to feed herself and to prevent the odour from attracting predators.

Reproduction
Gestation lasts between 114 and 119 days with about 190 days between births.  Pacas are precocial, the young are born with fur and open eyes.  Normally, mothers give birth to one young, but she can give birth up to three times per year if conditions allow.  More than one birth per year results in lactation periods overlapping pregnancies.   Weaning begins after six weeks, but the young start to follow their mothers early and can do so for up to a year.

Sexual maturity is reached after 6–12 months, when females weigh about  and males .  Pacas usually mate in water.  As the male approaches the female, she starts to hop enthusiastically, more so if he sprays her with urine.  Pacas have altered the common rodent strategy — safety in numbers — and mind their offspring carefully. At  at birth, the young are born in holes too small for both predators and the mother to enter, which are then covered with leaves and twigs.  To invite the young out of the hole, the mother uses a low rolling vocalization.  Suckling usually lasts for 90 days, after which the young weighs .

Distribution and habitat
The lowland paca is found from southern Mexico to northern Argentina.  They primarily live in rainforests near streams, but can also be found in a wide variety of habitats, including mangrove swamps, gallery forests near water currents, and even in public parks.  They have been observed up to  above sea level.

The smaller mountain paca lives in the northern Andes and the Páramo grasslands, with a peak occurrence between  above sea level.

Species
The mountain paca has longer and darker fur than the lowland paca.  Observations indicate mountain pacas are found between  above sea level.

 Lowland paca, Cuniculus paca (Agouti paca)
 Mountain paca, Cuniculus taczanowskii
 Cuniculus hernandezi (a recent and disputed nomen nudum)

Potential use by humans
The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama has studied the possibilities of developing the paca as a food supply for people in the tropics.

References

Sources

External links

 Gibnuts at Crooked Tree Wildlife Sanctuary

Hystricognath rodents
Mammals of Guyana
Coprophagous animals
Rodents of Central America
Taxa named by Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Paca


Kelvin Calder MacKenzie (born 22 October 1946) is an English media executive and a former newspaper editor. He became editor of The Sun in 1981, by which time the publication was established as Britain's largest circulation newspaper. After leaving The Sun in 1994, he was appointed to executive roles in satellite television and other broadcasting outlets, as well as being involved in a number of publishing enterprises.

After short periods as a columnist at the Daily Mail and The Daily Telegraph, MacKenzie returned to The Sun as a columnist. His contract was terminated by mutual consent in May 2017 after being suspended.

Early life and career
MacKenzie was born in Thanet, Kent, to Ian and Mary MacKenzie, both journalists working for The South London Observer. When the South London Press took over their paper, Mary became press chief for the Conservative leader of the Greater London Council, Horace Cutler. Educated at Alleyn's School in Dulwich, MacKenzie left school with one O-level in English literature. He joined the South East London Mercury at 17, and worked on local and then national newspapers, including the Daily Express, for the next ten years.

MacKenzie has said that he discovered early on in his career that he had little writing ability and that his talents lay in making up headlines and laying out pages. By 1978, at the age of 32, he was managing editor of the New York Post, two years after it had been purchased by Rupert Murdoch.

Editor of The Sun
After moving back to the United Kingdom and a period as night editor of the Daily Express, Murdoch appointed him The Sun editor in 1981. Conflict between the two groups meant that MacKenzie performed both jobs for a time.

In 1978, The Sun had finally overtaken the Daily Mirror in circulation becoming the newspaper with the highest sales in the UK. It was MacKenzie though who cemented the paper's image as a right-wing tabloid, not only increasing its profile, but also making it known for its attacks on left-wing political figures and movements and its sensationalist front-page celebrity exposés. These often proved to be misleading or false, with many controversies in this area occurring during MacKenzie editorship. Commentators including The Guardian contributor Roy Greenslade and journalist John Pilger have commented on the alleged "Murdoch effect". MacKenzie himself stated that he feels that his own spell as editor of The Sun had a "positively downhill impact on journalism".

MacKenzie is quoted as saying in the early 1980s (on the subject of how he perceived The Suns target audience):

The paper was frequently accused of dumbing down public discourse because of its preoccupations; Pilger blamed it for the promotion of jingoism, racism, homophobia, and intolerance.

MacKenzie was widely criticised for his perceived cruelty both to the targets of his – sometimes false – newspaper allegations, his choice of targets frequently being not only left-wing politicians and celebrities but even ordinary members of the public; and also his alleged cruelty to his own staff and colleagues, to which MacKenzie has since responded:

Headlines

MacKenzie was responsible for the "Gotcha" front-page headline of 4 May 1982, which reported the contentious sinking of the Argentinian cruiser General Belgrano by a British submarine during the Falklands War. MacKenzie was criticised by some commentators for the headline, although MacKenzie had actually changed the front-page of later editions to "Did 1,200 Argies drown?" after it was established that there had been a large number of Argentine casualties. MacKenzie later defended his "Gotcha" headline, saying:

Despite MacKenzie's self-professed pride at having printed the "Gotcha" headline, Roy Greenslade has said that he had only chosen the headline prior to it becoming clear that there had been a large number of Argentine casualties resulting from the sinking of the Belgrano and that even he later became concerned that the headline may be seen as insensitive and distasteful.

Greenslade states that MacKenzie insisted on changing the headline to "Did 1,200 Argies Die?" for later editions because of these concerns, and that he did so against the wishes of Rupert Murdoch, present in the newspaper building at the time because of an industrial dispute, who reputedly demanded that the "Gotcha" headline remain, despite the large number of casualties and later said of the headline, "I rather liked it". This is reportedly the only occasion that MacKenzie ever disobeyed a specific order from Murdoch.

MacKenzie's coverage of the Falklands War was criticised by some commentators for being a glorification of war (Greenslade was working with MacKenzie on The Sun at the time).

MacKenzie was responsible for the "Freddie Starr Ate My Hamster" front-page headline. The claims made in the accompanying article, that the comedian Freddie Starr had placed his girlfriend's hamster on a sandwich and proceeded to eat it, turned out to be entirely untrue and an invention of the publicist Max Clifford. The headline is often held up as the prime example of The Sun'''s supposedly celebrity-obsessed, sensationalist and often inaccurate journalism.

Politics
In the general elections which were held during his time as editor, MacKenzie's Sun strongly supported the Conservative Party and its policies.

Although the coverage of the 1992 election is particularly prominent, there were many other vitriolic personal attacks on Labour leaders by MacKenzie's Sun during elections, such as in the 1983 campaign, when MacKenzie ran a front page featuring an unflattering photograph of Michael Foot, then nearly 70 years old, alongside the headline "Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?".

MacKenzie's coverage of the British miners' strike in 1984–1985 supported the police and the Thatcher government against the striking NUM miners. The paper was accused of making misleading or even outright false claims about the miners, their unions and leader Arthur Scargill. MacKenzie at one point prepared a front page with the headline "Mine Führer" and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air, a pose giving the appearance of him making a Nazi salute. The print workers at The Sun, regarding it as an attempt at a cheap smear, refused to print it.

At the time of the 1987 general election MacKenzie ran a mock-editorial entitled "Why I'm Backing Kinnock, by Joseph Stalin".

On the day of the 1992 election MacKenzie used the front-page headline "If Kinnock Wins Today, Will The Last Person To Leave Britain Please Turn Out The Lights", accompanied by a picture of Kinnock's head superimposed over a lightbulb. While the paper initially supported the government of John Major, because it appeared that Major himself shared the ideological hostility of Thatcher towards European integration, this soon changed. Following the UK's forced exit from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism on Black Wednesday in September 1992, according to MacKenzie, Major telephoned him to ask about how the paper would report the story. While Major has denied the conversation ever took place, MacKenzie has claimed his response was: "Prime Minister, I have on my desk in front of me a very large bucket of shit which I am just about to pour all over you."

False stories
In January 1987, MacKenzie published a completely unfounded front-page story alleging that pop singer Elton John had engaged in sex with underage rentboys. Shortly afterwards, MacKenzie published further entirely false allegations that the singer had had the voiceboxes of his guard dogs removed because their barking kept him awake at night. MacKenzie confirmed their inaccuracy shortly after publication by sending a reporter to the singer's house, who quickly discovered that all of his guard dogs were quite capable of barking.

MacKenzie later said that in retrospect he found it difficult to understand why he had believed, never mind published, the claims about the guard dogs which he later realised were self-evidently absurd. Elton John sued The Sun for libel over both these claims and was later awarded £1,000,000 in damages. MacKenzie later said of Elton John:

There were many other controversies during MacKenzie's time in charge of The Sun. MacKenzie at one point ran a story about a previously unknown member of the public who had just undergone a heart transplant operation, the story denouncing the man as a "love rat", Sun journalists having been told that he had left his wife 15 years earlier. Aside from criticism about the story's highly questionable news value, the newspaper was furiously condemned as the story was run when the man's recovery was still in the balance.

MacKenzie and his team were accused of simply inventing many of the stories that appeared in the newspaper, as well as interviews, and in some instances this proved to be the case, such as when an entirely fabricated interview with the disfigured Falklands war hero Simon Weston was published, which was criticised for "inviting readers to feel revulsion at his disfigurement". MacKenzie himself once told his staff: "Give me a Sunday for Monday splash on the royals. Don't worry if it's not true—so long as there's not too much of a fuss about it afterwards."

Some other controversies that occurred under MacKenzie include a headline describing Australian Aborigines as "The Abo's: Brutal and Treacherous" (which was condemned as "inaccurate" and "unacceptably racist" by the Press Council) and MacKenzie's sending of photographers to break into a psychiatric hospital to ask actor Jeremy Brett, who was a patient in the hospital at the time and who was suffering from manic depression and dying of cardiomyopathy, whether he was "dying of AIDS". The newspaper apparently suspected Brett of being a homosexual and that his mystery illness might be AIDS, which it was not.

These incidents caused The Sun to be criticised, but the newspaper's profile increased dramatically during MacKenzie's time as editor although sales figures dipped. On the subject of the sensationalist and sometimes inaccurate reporting which appeared in The Sun during his time as editor, MacKenzie has said:

Hillsborough disaster coverage

In April 1989, the single biggest controversy during MacKenzie's period as editor, later described in a Sun editorial in 2004 as "the most terrible mistake in our history", occurred during the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster, a deadly crush which occurred during an FA Cup semi-final at Hillsborough football stadium in Sheffield claiming the lives of 97 Liverpool fans.

Three days after the disaster, The Sun published an editorial which accused people of "scapegoating" the police, saying that the disaster occurred "because thousands of fans, many without tickets tried to get into the ground just before kick-off – either by forcing their way in or by blackmailing the police into opening the gates".

The next day, The Sun printed the front-page headline "The Truth", accusing Liverpool fans of theft and of urinating on and attacking police officers and emergency services. It quoted Conservative Member of Parliament Irvine Patnick in its claim that a group of Liverpool supporters told a police officer that they would have sex with a dead female victim. The journalist who wrote the first draft, Harry Arnold, said that MacKenzie claimed he would "make it clear that this is what some people are saying", but MacKenzie chose the headline "The Truth" after staff members convinced him not to use "You Scum". Its source was a Sheffield news agency, Whites, which later said that four South Yorkshire Police officers originated the claims.

The article was accompanied by graphic photographs showing Liverpool fans, including young children, choking and suffocating as they were being crushed against the perimeter fences surrounding the terraces – this was widely condemned as inappropriate.

In their book about the history of The Sun, Peter Chippindale and Chris Horrie wrote:

Prior to the publication of The Suns initial article, a number of local newspapers in Yorkshire, such as the Sheffield Star and The Yorkshire Post, published very similar allegations. It has since emerged that many British national newspaper editors were offered the same story from the same sources the day before The Sun article was published but while many national newspapers printed allegations about Liverpool fans being responsible for the disaster, only MacKenzie and his counterpart at the Daily Star newspaper were prepared to print the more outlandish allegations about theft and abuse of dead bodies, with many editors feeling that the claims sounded dubious. Furthermore, the other national papers which printed coverage claiming Liverpool fans to be responsible for the disaster, including the Daily Star, withdrew their allegations and apologised the day after publication, whereas The Sun did not.

Murdoch for his part ordered MacKenzie to appear on BBC Radio 4's The World This Weekend in the aftermath of the controversy to apologise. MacKenzie said on the programme: "It was my decision and my decision alone to do that front page in that way and I made a rather serious error".

MacKenzie maintained for years that his "only mistake was to believe a Tory MP". In 1993, he told a House of Commons committee, "I regret Hillsborough. It was a fundamental mistake. The mistake was I believed what an MP said". On Question Time the next year, MacKenzie said that he believed some of the material they published in The Sun but was not sure about all of it. He said in 2012, "Twenty-three years ago I was handed a piece of copy from a reputable news agency in Sheffield in which a senior police officer and a senior local MP were making serious allegations against fans in the stadium... these allegations were wholly untrue and were part of a concerted plot by police officers to discredit the supporters... I published in good faith and I am sorry that it was so wrong". A member of the Hillsborough Families Support Group responded "too little, too late".

Widespread boycotts of the newspaper throughout Merseyside followed immediately and continue to this day. Boycotts include both customers refusing to purchase it, and retailers refusing to stock it. The Financial Times reported in 2019 that Merseyside sales were estimated to drop from 55,000 per day to 12,000 per day, an 80% decrease. Chris Horrie estimated in 2014 that the tabloid's owners had lost £15million per month since the disaster, in 1989 prices.

The Press Council described the allegations unequivocally as "lies". The official government enquiry into the disaster dismissed the allegation that drunken Liverpool fans had been responsible for the disaster and concluded that inadequate crowd control and errors by the police had been the primary cause of the tragedy.

After editing The Sun
In January 1994, MacKenzie moved to BSkyB, another of Murdoch's News Corporation assets, but left within a few months.

In 1995, MacKenzie joined Mirror Group Newspapers and was appointed joint boss of its fledgling L!VE TV British cable television channel. The station had previously been headed by Janet Street-Porter, who had set out to establish L!VE TV as an alternative, youth-orientated station. She clashed with MacKenzie over programme content and soon left, leaving him in sole charge.

MacKenzie later said that he would agree to indulge in a "night of passion" with Janet Street-Porter and that he would be "willing" but only if she paid him £4.7m, a figure he had arrived at after calculating how much money he would lose from "loss of reputation, the negative impact on future earnings etc".

MacKenzie took a radically different approach and produced cheap, down-market, programming. MacKenzie introduced features such as nightly editions of 'Topless Darts' (featuring topless women playing darts on a beach), 'The Weather in Norwegian' (with a young, typically blonde and bikini-clad Scandinavian woman presenting weather forecasts in both English and Norwegian), other weather forecasts featuring dwarfs bouncing on trampolines and stock exchange reports presented by Tiffany, a young female presenter who would strip to her underwear as she read out the latest share prices.

A large amount of airtime was given over to tarot card readers and astrologers. L!VE TV's best known character was the News Bunny, a man dressed as a giant rabbit who popped up during news broadcasts to give a thumbs up or a thumbs down to the various news stories to indicate whether or not he found them interesting or exciting.

L!VE TV had a budget of only £2,000 an hour and attracted a small audience, with an average of 200,000 viewers, but it was well known because of the controversy and criticism surrounding its programming. This led to the station being labelled "Tabloid TV" and even "Sun TV" (in reference to the newspaper, some critics accusing MacKenzie of doing nothing more than creating a television version of his old newspaper). MacKenzie has been accused of taking a "shamelessly tacky approach". He eventually left the station in 1997. He later said on LIVE TV:

 The station failed and closed.

In November 1998, MacKenzie headed a consortium, TalkCo Holdings, which purchased Talk Radio from CLT for £24.7 million. One of the financial backers was News International, News Corporation's UK subsidiary. In 1999 TalkCo was renamed The Wireless Group and in January 2000 Talk Radio was rebranded as Talksport. The Wireless Group acquired The Radio Partnership in 1999, gaining control of its nine local commercial stations. In May 2005, it was announced that the Northern Irish media company, UTV plc, had made an agreed offer to buy the company, subject to shareholder and regulatory approval. In June 2005, the takeover proceeded, with MacKenzie being replaced by UTV executive Scott Taunton. The station lost listeners during MacKenzie's tenure.

MacKenzie spent a year as chairman of one of the UK's largest marketing and communications groups, Media Square plc. This was unsuccessful and MacKenzie left in March 2007.

In March 2006, MacKenzie joined BBC Radio 5 Live as a presenter. He made his debut on the station over the summer, presenting a series of programmes telling the story of various scandals which have occurred at FIFA World Cup tournaments over the years. He then presented a retrospective look at the year gone by on Christmas Day.

In May 2006, MacKenzie returned to The Sun, this time as a columnist, where he was accused of using one of his columns to launch an attack on the people of Scotland (see below). On the subject of the columns themselves, he has said "I want to get the Lonsdale Belt for vile and be personally rude to as many people as possible." In June 2011, it was announced that MacKenzie would leave The Sun to write a column for the Daily Mail.

It later emerged in December 2016, during a civil case, that MacKenzie had left The Sun because Rebekah Brooks, then head of News International, and Dominic Mohan, then editor of The Sun, had not told him of the extent of the company's phone hacking scandal. MacKenzie was also concerned about their employment of Jeremy Clarkson whose privacy injunction against his ex-wife was then in force. However he left the Mail in July 2012 after writing for the title for one year, citing an "increased commercial workload". Subsequently, The Guardian reported that MacKenzie's departure from the Mail was due to disagreements regarding the editing of his column.

MacKenzie was an early investor in online video company Base79, established by his son Ashley MacKenzie in 2007. They sold the firm in 2014.

In 2011 MacKenzie launched the online TV channel Sports Tonight, describing the channel as "Sky Sports News meets TalkSport". The channel received investment from former Conservative Party treasurer Lord Ashcroft, who took a minority stake.

MacKenzie joined The Daily Telegraph as an online columnist in 2013, but he was dropped by the newspaper after one column, with Roy Greenslade reporting in The Guardian that he was let go because of upset among staff on the Telegraph sports desk at his role in reporting on the Hillsborough disaster, in particular from football columnist and ex-Liverpool player Alan Hansen, who played at Hillsborough.

In April 2013, The Guardian reported that the Daily Mail was being sued for libel for £200,000 over a column by MacKenzie. The claim was brought by an NHS doctor, Antonio Serrano, whom MacKenzie had criticised in the paper.

In October 2014, MacKenzie was a contestant on gameshow Pointless Celebrities. Some angered viewers complained to host Richard Osman, who said that if he had known in advance, he would not have let him appear.

In December 2014, The Sun announced that MacKenzie would make a second return to the newspaper as a columnist.

Politics
MacKenzie's commitment to Conservative, Thatcherite politics has led him to argue that Margaret Thatcher is the UK's greatest post-war prime minister. In 2003, he presented a documentary, Kelvin Saves the Tories, in which he proposed a low-tax, anti-BBC and cautiously pro-capital punishment manifesto for the party. However, in February 2008, in a Sun newspaper article, MacKenzie wrote that he was against the return of the death penalty.

In May 2008, MacKenzie stood for election as a local councillor in Elmbridge. He lost the election, gaining 227 votes, whereas the Conservative seat holder Glenn Dearlove won 679.

That same year, after Conservative member of parliament David Davis announced that he would resign his seat in the House of Commons in order to fight a by-election as a protest against the Labour government's plans for 42-day detention without charge for terrorist suspects, MacKenzie announced that he was likely to contest the election on a pro-42-day detention platform, stating: "I have been associated with The Sun for 30 years. The Sun is very, very hostile to David Davis because of his 28 day stance and The Sun has always been very up for 42 days and perhaps even 420 days". Off-camera, before a BBC interview, MacKenzie referred to Hull, which the Haltemprice and Howden constituency borders, as "an absolute shocker". Asked to clarify those comments, he said it was "a joke" and that he has "never actually been to Hull".

MacKenzie subsequently decided not to run for the Haltemprice and Howden seat, stating: "The clincher for me was the money. Clearly The Sun couldn't put up the cash – so I was going to have to rustle up a maximum of £100,000 to conduct my campaign."

Later developments in the Hillsborough controversy

Incidents in 2006–2007
During an after-dinner speech to Newcastle-based law firm Mincoffs Solicitors on 30 November 2006, MacKenzie is reported to have said of his coverage of the Hillsborough disaster:

MacKenzie went on to compare Merseysiders with animal rights activists. "If this got out, it would blow up all over again", MacKenzie is said to have remarked.

The remarks were met with widespread incredulity and condemnation, particularly on Merseyside, where Liverpool F.C., the local Liverpool Echo and numerous local MPs condemned MacKenzie, with Walton MP Peter Kilfoyle arguing that the quotes confirmed that MacKenzie was "never fit to edit a national newspaper". The Liverpool Echo called for The Sun to sack MacKenzie as a columnist. The Sun issued a statement saying that they had "already apologised for what happened and we stand by that apology." However, despite reports of consternation at The Sun over MacKenzie's statements, the newspaper chose to retain him as a columnist. MacKenzie refused to comment publicly on the controversy and pulled out of a scheduled appearance on BBC television's Question Time later that week.

Earlier that autumn MacKenzie had already provoked controversy in Liverpool by stating in a Press Gazette interview that he had never knowingly printed any lies in The Sun and that even stories which later turned out to be untrue were still "good stories". In relation to the publishing of false or misleading reports in The Sun, MacKenzie asked "What am I supposed to feel ashamed about?" MacKenzie was not specifically referring to the coverage of the Hillsborough disaster and made no mention of the tragedy during the interview, but the Liverpool Echo published a piece reporting MacKenzie's statements and criticising the apparent lack of shame or regret over the Hillsborough coverage implied by them (and the fact that MacKenzie may still regard the misleading coverage as a "good story").

Although there was actually little reaction to the quotes on Merseyside at the time, they did draw comment from Phil Hammond, chairman of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, who said: "I can't believe that even after all these years, there is no remorse or regret for the hurt he caused". It was still thought at this point however that, although MacKenzie appeared not to regret the coverage, he no longer regarded it as having any factual basis after his apparent admissions in the past that the allegations made were lies fed to him by police officers and a Conservative MP.

In February 2007, Independent journalist Matthew Norman claimed that MacKenzie was considering issuing a public apology for his coverage of the Hillsborough disaster, although at the time he was "still unsure" as to whether to do so. His former colleague at The Sun, Roy Greenslade has suggested that the real reason why MacKenzie may be so hesitant to apologise and admit the inaccuracy of the coverage may be his "anti-Scouse" bias, which Greenslade suspects makes it difficult for MacKenzie to "bring himself to say sorry to the city's people".

Fan exoneration (2012)
On 12 September 2012, following the publication of the official report into the disaster using previously withheld government papers which has exonerated the Liverpool fans present at the match, MacKenzie issued the following statement:

Trevor Hicks, chairman of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, rejected Mr MacKenzie's apology as "too little, too late", calling him "lowlife, clever lowlife, but lowlife".
The copy from White's news agency was available to other newspapers, who reported the story as allegations – The Sun reported the allegations, on McKenzie's say-so, as 'the truth'.

Following the Warrington Inquests verdicts, Mackenzie was door-stepped by Alex Thomson of Channel 4 News. He was filmed pleading "Please Alex, this isn't reasonable". Nine complaints were received by Ofcom asserting MacKenzie's privacy had been invaded, but in its adjudication, the regulator rejected the application.

Comments in 2016–2017
Despite apologising on a number of platforms, in 2016, MacKenzie made a joke in The Sun newspaper that if it was true that George Osborne (the then Chancellor of the Exchequer) was putting gongs up for sale, he should be made Lord MacKenzie of Anfield (Liverpool FC's home stadium).

A day before the 28th anniversary of the Hillsborough disaster in April 2017, MacKenzie's column in The Sun mentioned the Everton footballer Ross Barkley appearing to imply Barkley deserved to be beaten up in a nightclub incident earlier in the week. Comparing the player to a "gorilla at the zoo", MacKenzie was accused of racism (Barkley is of part-Nigerian descent). The column was removed from the newspaper's website on the afternoon of its day of publication. Later in the day, a spokesman for the newspaper apologised "for the offence caused" and said the columnist "has been suspended from the paper with immediate effect. The views expressed by Kelvin Mackenzie about the people of Liverpool were wrong, unfunny and are not the view of the paper". A month after the column appeared, it was announced that MacKenzie's "contract with News Group Newspapers", the Suns publishers, "has been terminated by mutual consent".

In response to MacKenzie's article, on the day of its publication Everton FC banned The Sun and its reporters "from all areas of its operation" following Liverpool FC who had made such a decision about The Sun in February 2017.

Views
Scotland
MacKenzie has criticised Scotland, although he is of Scottish descent – his grandfather was from Stirling.

In July 2006, MacKenzie wrote a column for The Sun referring to Scots as "Tartan Tosspots" and apparently rejoicing in the fact that Scotland has a lower life expectancy than the rest of the United Kingdom. MacKenzie's column provoked a storm of protest and was heavily condemned by numerous commentators including Scottish MPs and MSPs.

On 11 October 2007, MacKenzie appeared on the BBC's Question Time TV programme and launched another attack on Scotland. During a debate about tax, MacKenzie said that:
The comments came as part of criticism of prime minister Gordon Brown, whom MacKenzie said could not be trusted to manage the British economy because he was "a socialist Scot", and stating that this was relevant to the debate. Fellow panellist Chuka Umunna from the think tank Compass called his comments "absolutely disgraceful", and booing and jeering were heard from the Cheltenham studio audience. The BBC received around 200 complaints and MacKenzie's comments drew widespread criticism, including comments from the Scottish entrepreneur Duncan Bannatyne who responded on BBC Radio 5 Live:

On 13 January 2012, MacKenzie once again appeared on the BBC's Question Time  and remarked on the move for Scottish independence:

Hijabs
In July 2016, after the Nice (France) truck attack, MacKenzie wrote an article for The Sun in which he queried whether it was appropriate for Channel 4 News presenter Fatima Manji to read the news wearing a hijab. Manji accused MacKenzie of attempting to "intimidate Muslims out of public life" and attempting to smear 1.6 billion Muslims in suggesting they are inherently violent. She said, "He has attempted to smear half of them further by suggesting they are helpless slaves. And he has attempted to smear me by suggesting I would sympathise with a terrorist".

The Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) received 17 complaints about Manji wearing the hijab, an objection which was rejected. Eventually, the IPSO received 1,700 complaints about MacKenzie's article. The IPSO ruled in October 2016 that MacKenzie was "entitled" to make his comments, and a "prejudicial or pejorative reference" to Manji's religion was not present in the article. Manji said the ruling meant it was now "open season on minorities, and Muslims in particular".

Irish
In December 2020, MacKenzie expressed that the Irish love the Germans and did not fight to save Jewish people in World War II. An estimated 70,000 Irish citizens served in the British Armed Forces, along with an estimated 50,000 from Northern Ireland. This does not include those already in Britain.

Personal life
MacKenzie married Jacqueline Holland in 1968 in Camberwell. They had a daughter (born 1969) and two sons (born 1972 and 1974). His elder son and his daughter worked at Talkradio. In the late 1990s, MacKenzie was featured in The Mail on Sunday'', holidaying in what the paper described as a "love nest" in Barbados with News International secretary Joanna Duckworth.

References

External links
 Sport Relief Does The Apprentice – Official Website
 His Scottish family tree

1946 births
Anglo-Scots
British male journalists
British media executives
British newspaper editors
English people of Scottish descent
Hillsborough disaster
Living people
People educated at Alleyn's School
People from Meopham
People from Weybridge
The Sun (United Kingdom) editors

Kelvin MacKenzie


إيرنست توماس والتون  هو فيزيائي إيرلندي حصل على جائزة نوبل للفيزياء عام 1951 بالاشتراك مع جون كوكروفت. وكان تقدير لجنة جائزة نوبل لهما عن «أبحاثهما الرائدة في مجال تغيير النواة الذرية بواسطة تصويب جسيمات أولية معجّلة عليها».

ولد إيرنست والتون في 6 أكتوبر1903 ، وتوفي في 25 يوليو 1995.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

أيرلنديون في القرن 20
أكاديميو جامعة كامبريدج
أكاديميون من كلية الثالوث (دبلن)
أنجلو إيرلنديون في القرن 20
أنجلوأيرلنديون
أيرلنديون حازوا جائزة نوبل
بروتستانت أيرلنديون
حائزون على جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء
خريجو كلية ترينيتي (دبلن)
خريجو كلية ترينيتي (كامبريج)
دارسون من كلية الثالوث (دبلن)
علماء الفيزياء التجريبية
علماء من مقاطعة وترفورد
فيزيائيو القرن 20
فيزيائيون أيرلنديون
مسيحيون حازوا جائزة نوبل
مواليد 1903
ميثوديون أيرلنديون
وفيات 1995
وفيات في بلفاست
دارسون وأكاديميون من مقاطعة وترفورد
فيزيائيون أيرلنديون في القرن 20

إيرنست والتون


12581 Rovinj este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
12581 Rovinj este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Visnjan de Observatorul din Višnjan. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,26 ua, o excentricitate de 0,09 și o înclinație de 3,7° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 12001-13000
 Centura de asteroizi

Note

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

12581 Rovinj


Virovitica-Podravina (Hırvatça : Virovitičko-podravska županija). Hırvatistan Kuzey Slavonya'da bölge. Yönetim merkezi Virovitica şehridir. Önemli şehirleri Slatina ve Orahovica.

Dış bağlantılar
 Bölge İnternet Sitesi

Hırvatistan'ın illeri
Slavonya

Virovitica-Podravina


Rosanna Eleanor Leprohon ( - ), née Rosanna Eleanor Mullins, est une écrivaine et poète canadienne. Elle est « l'une des premières écrivaines canadiennes-anglaises à dépeindre le Canada français d'une manière qui lui a valu les éloges et a abouti à ce que ses romans soient lus par des Canadiens anglophones et francophones ».

Biographie
Leprohon naît le 12 janvier 1829 à Montréal. Elle est la deuxième fille de Francis et Rosanna Mullins. Son père est un riche marchand. Elle fait ses études au couvent de la Congrégation de Notre-Dame. Plus tard, elle écrit les poèmes « A Touching Ceremony » et  « On the Death of the Same Reverend Nun » pour honorer les religieuses et le couvent.

Elle « publia sa première poésie, à 17 ans, dans la Literary Garland, suivie de romans sérialisés de mœurs se déroulant en Angleterre, publiés chaque année de 1848 à 1851 ». Ida Beresford, son premier roman, est publié dans Garland en neuf feuillets en 1848. Le roman est salué par Susanna Moodie, qui la décrit comme « une histoire écrite avec beaucoup de puissance et de vigueur » et qui promet à son auteur « une couronne de gloire brillante ».

Le 17 juin 1851, Rosanna épouse le docteur Jean-Lucien Leprohon et part vivre avec lui à Saint-Charles-sur-Richelieu. Moins d'une année plus tard, elle est enceinte. Elle aura avoir treize enfants (dont huit ont survécu). Sa production littéraire en souffre. En 1859, même si elle est de retour à Montréal et reprend l'écriture, avec un nouveau roman, Eveleen O'Donnell, publié en série dans le magazine Boston The Pilot.

L'expérience d'être mariée à un Canadien-français et de vivre au cœur du Canada français lui a donné une perspective qui n'est pas accessible à la plupart des romanciers canadiens-anglais - une perspective qu'elle met à profit dans son prochain roman, Le Manoir de De Villerai: A Tale of Canada Under the French Dominion, publié en plusieurs fois par le Montreal Family Herald en 1859-1860. Dans ce roman, « Leprohon a utilisé un contexte canadien et décrit des événements d'une importance cruciale dans l'histoire du Canada. De plus, elle a dépeint ces événements du point de vue des Canadiens français, « quelque chose de nouveau dans la littérature canadienne-anglaise » .

Leprohon continue à écrire sur le Canada français dans ses deux romans suivants, Antoinette de Mirecourt or, Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing, et Armand Durand or, A Promise Fulfilled, qui sont publiés par Lovell en 1864 et 1868. « Bien que les œuvres antérieures de Leprohon aient un cadre non canadien, ces [trois] romans se déroulent au Québec et dépeignent efficacement l'histoire et la culture québécoises.

Ces trois romans canadiens « ont été bien évalués au moment de leur première publication dans la presse canadienne anglaise et française ». Une traduction française de chacun a été rapidement publiée, et les trois «ont fait partie des deux littératures canadiennes». « Le manoir de Villerai (Montréal, 1884) et la traduction française d'Armand Durand étaient encore en cours de publication au milieu des années 1920 » . « Le Manoir de Villerai (versements 1851, forme de livre 1861), fréquemment réimprimé en français, n'a pas encore paru sous forme de livre dans l'original anglais » .

Cinq des poèmes de Leprohon sont inclus dans l'anthologie d'Edward Hartley en 1864, Selections from Canadian Poets. En 1867, le dictionnaire biographique Bibliotheca Canadensis affirme qu'elle a fait « presque plus que tout autre écrivain canadien pour favoriser et promouvoir la croissance d'une littérature nationalen» .

Un autre roman, Ada Dunmore, est publié dans le Canadian Illustrated News par tranches en 1869-1870. « L'anniversaire de mariage de Clive Weston » paraît dans The Canadian Monthly and National Review en 1872. Le dernier ouvrage publié de Leprohon, « A school-girl friendship » (1877), est publié dans le Canadian Illustrated News en 1877 ».

En 1881, le rédacteur en chef du Montreal Gazette, John Reade, édite un recueil de poèmes posthumes, The Poetical Works of Mrs. Leprohon, également publié par Lovell. Un poème du volume, « A Canadian Summer Evening », est inclus dans l'anthologie de 1889 de WD Lighthall, Songs of the Great Dominion.

Reconnaissance
Les romans de Leprohon sont populaires au Canada anglais et français à la fin du  et sont toujours réimprimés en français au milieu des années 1920. Ils se démodent progressivement au début du , à mesure que les styles littéraires changent.

« Depuis 1970, cependant », dit le Dictionary of Literary Biography, « la vie et les œuvres de Rosanna Eleanor Mullins Leprohon ont été fréquemment mentionnées et de plus en plus louées par les critiques et les érudits de la littérature canadienne anglaise et française, et de nouvelles éditions de ses œuvres ont été publiés ».

Œuvres

En anglais
 Antoinette de Mirecourt: Or, mariage secret et chagrin secret . Montréal: John Lovell, 1864.
 Antoinette de Mirecourt: Or, Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing: Ottawa: Carleton UP, 1989.
 Antoinette de Mirecourt: Or Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart New Canadian Library, 2000.

 Armand Durand: or A Promise Fulfilled. Montreal: John Lovell, 1868.
 Armand Durand: or A Promise Fulfilled Hardcover, Ottawa: Tecumseh Press, 1994.
 Armand Durand: or A Promise Fulfilled Softcover, Ottawa: Tecumseh Press, 1994.
 The Poetical Works of Mrs. Leprohon. 1881.

En français
 Le manoir de Villerai. Montréal: Beauchemin, 1925.

Bibliographie
 Michelle Gadpaille: "As She Should Be": Codes of Conduct in Early Canadian Women's Writing. Series: Anglistische Forschungen. Winter, Heidelberg 2010.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Poétesse canadienne
Romancière canadienne
Personnalité canadienne du catholicisme
Personnalité canadienne née d'un parent irlandais
Anglo-Québécois
Naissance en janvier 1829
Naissance à Montréal
Décès en septembre 1879
Décès à Montréal
Décès à 50 ans

Rosanna Eleanor Leprohon


Amanieu VII. (? — poslije travnja 1272.) bio je francuski plemić, lord Albreta (fr. Seigneur d'Albret).

Obitelj
Lord Amanieu VII. je bio sin lorda Amanieua VI. i njegove prve žene, gospe Assalide od Tartasa (kći plemića Arnauda Rajmonda od Tartasa). Prva supruga Amanieua VII. bila je gospa Viane od Gontauda, koja se rastala od muža; ipak, prema odluci crkvenog suda iz god. 1272., ona se morala vratiti mužu. Par je imao barem dvoje djece. Druga supruga Amanieua VII. bila je gospa Marta od Bordeauxa. Marta i Amanieu su bili roditelji lorda Bernarda Ezija III.; zatim, kćeri Assalide; potom, lorda Amanieua VIII. te Arnauda Amanieua i Marte.

Unuke lorda Amanieua bile su Marta od Albreta i Izabela od Albreta, koje su vladale Albretom po svome vlastitome pravu.

Izvori

Dinastija Albret

Amanieu VII.


An Masdevallia oreas in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlyle August Luer ngan Roberto Vásquez. An Masdevallia oreas in nahilalakip ha genus nga Masdevallia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Bolivia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Masdevallia

Masdevallia oreas


Sense tu (en français Sans toi) est la chanson représentant l'Andorre au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2006. Elle est interprétée par l'Espagnole Jennifer.

Eurovision
Après le dépôt des artistes et des compositeurs jusqu'au  de leurs chansons, dont une doit être en catalan, 37 chansons de compositeurs et 48 candidatures d'artistes sont déposés. Un jury professionnel sélectionne trois chansons et quatre artistes pour la sélection finale. Le , la RTVA annonce que Jenny sera la représentante d'Andorre au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2006 avec la chanson en catalan Sense tu.

Comme elle n'a pas atteint la finale en 2005, Andorre doit d'abord participer à la demi-finale le .

La chanson est la quatrième de la soirée, suivant Mr. Nobody interprétée par Anžej Dežan pour la Slovénie et précédant Mum interprétée par Polina Smolova pour la Biélorussie.

L'interprétation de la chanson est critiquée, car Jenny est entourée de danseuses portant de la lingerie blanche et Jenny porte une chemise de nuit noire.

À la fin des votes, elle obtient 8 points (seulement de l'Espagne) et finit dernière des vingt-trois participants.

La chanson est interprétée en anglais, It's for you, par Anabel Conde, la représentante de l'Espagne au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2006.

Points attribués à l'Andorre

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Chanson représentant l'Andorre au Concours Eurovision de la chanson
Chanson de l'Eurovision de 2006
Chanson en catalan
Single musical sorti en 2006

Sense tu


Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a cavernous hemangioma that arises in the central nervous system. It can be considered to be a variant of hemangioma, and is characterized by grossly large dilated blood vessels and large vascular channels, less well circumscribed, and more involved with deep structures, with a single layer of endothelium and an absence of neuronal tissue within the lesions. These thinly walled vessels resemble sinusoidal cavities filled with stagnant blood. Blood vessels in patients with cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) can range from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.  Most lesions occur in the brain, but any organ may be involved.

Symptoms and signs
Clinical symptoms of central nervous system origin include recurrent headaches, focal neurological deficits, hemorrhagic stroke, and seizures, but CCM can also be asymptomatic. The nature and severity of the symptoms depend on the lesion's location.

CCMs and venous angiomas

In up to 30% there is a coincidence of CCM with a venous angioma, also known as a developmental venous anomaly.  These lesions appear either as enhancing linear blood vessels or caput medusae, a radial orientation of small vessels that resemble the hair of Medusa from Greek mythology.  These lesions are thought to represent developmental anomalies of normal venous drainage.  These lesions should not be removed, as venous infarcts have been reported.  When found in association with a CCM that needs resection, great care should be taken not to disrupt the angioma.

Genetics
Familial forms of CCM occur at three known genetic loci. The gene for CCM1 encodes KRIT1 (krev interaction trapped 1), and has been found to bind to ICAP1alpha (integrin cytoplasmic domain associated protein alpha), a beta1 integrin associated protein. A particular mutation in CCM1 (the Q455X mutation), accounts for a cluster of cases in the Southwestern United States.  This cluster, particularly in northern New Mexico, is an example of the founder effect; it has been traced back to early Spanish settlers.

The gene for CCM2 encodes a protein named malcavernin that contains a phosphotyrosine binding domain. The exact biological function of CCM2 is not clear. Recently, it has been shown that CCM1 and CCM2 proteins as well as ICAP1alpha form a macromolecular complex in the cell. In addition, it appears that CCM2 protein may function as a scaffolding protein for MAP kinases that are essential in p38 activation responding to osmotic stress including MEKK3 and MKK3. It also binds to Rac and actin. Therefore, CCM2 protein is also called OSM (osmosensing scaffold for MEKK3).

The CCM3 gene is the most recently identified CCM gene . CCM3 is known as PDCD10 (programmed cell death 10), which was initially identified as a gene that is up-regulated during the induction of apoptosis (cell death) in TF-1, a human myeloid cell line. The precise role of the PDCD10 protein in the CCM pathway is not clear. It is recently shown that PDCD10 forms a complex with CCM1 protein (KRIT1) and CCM2 protein (OSM). PDCD10 interacts directly with OSM independent of KRIT1-OSM interaction. Research is ongoing to determine the function and properties of all three CCM gene products as well as the reaction pathways in which they are involved.

Evidence suggests that a fourth gene, CCM4, may also cause CCM. Mutations in these genes account for 70 to 80 percent of all cases of cerebral cavernous malformations. The remaining 20 to 30 percent of cases may be due to other, still unidentified, genes. Recently it has been shown that the deletion of CDC42 in endothelial cells elicits cerebral vascular malformations, suggesting that it may be a fourth gene involved in CCM pathology.

Recently, gain of function mjutations in Pik3ca has been reported in both sporadic and familial CCM, suggesting that like cancer, CCM lesions need to inhibit tumor suppressor genes and activate oncogenes.

Mechanisms
Many molecular mechanisms have been identified in CCM pathology. In 2015 it was reported that the endothelial cells forming cerebral vascular malformations undergo an endothelial to mesenchymal transition in both sporadic and familial CCM

CCM mutant endothelial cells have been reported to undergo clonal expansion and be able to recruit non-mutant cells into the lesions Recently, immunothrombosis and hypoxia have also been reported to be dysregulated in CCM.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is generally made by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly using a specific imaging technique known as a gradient-echo sequence MRI, which can unmask small or punctate lesions that may otherwise remain undetected. These lesions are also more conspicuous on FLAIR imaging compared to standard T2 weighing. FLAIR imaging is different from gradient sequences. Rather, it is similar to T2 weighing but suppresses free-flowing fluid signal. Sometimes quiescent CCMs can be revealed as incidental findings during MRI exams ordered for other reasons. Many cavernous hemangiomas are detected "accidentally" during MRIs searching for other pathologies. These "incidentalomas" are generally asymptomatic. In the case of hemorrhage, however, a CT scan is more efficient at showing new blood than an MRI, and when brain hemorrhage is suspected, a CT scan may be ordered first, followed by an MRI to confirm the type of lesion that has bled. Sometimes the lesion appearance imaged by MRI remains inconclusive.  Consequently, neurosurgeons will order a cerebral angiogram or magnetic resonance angiogram.  Since CCMs are low flow lesions (they are hooked into the venous side of the circulatory system), they will be angiographically occult (invisible).  If a lesion is discernible via angiogram in the same location as in the MRI, then an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) becomes the primary concern.

Treatment
Treatment of symptomatic CCM is only via surgery, depending on the location of the lesions. There are no pharmaceuticals currently available to treat CCM.

Incidence
The incidence in the general population is roughly 0.5%, and clinical symptoms typically appear between 20 and 30 years of age.  Once thought to be strictly congenital, these vascular lesions have been found to occur de novo.  It may appear either sporadically or exhibit autosomal dominant inheritance.

References

Further reading
 GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Cerebral Cavernous

External links

Cerebrovascular diseases
Genetic disorders with no OMIM
Benign neoplasms

de:Kavernom
es:Cavernoma
fr:Hémangiome caverneux
nl:Caverneus hemangioom
pl:Naczyniaki jamiste ośrodkowego układu nerwowego

Central nervous system cavernous hemangioma


Le Northamptonshire Regiment est un régiment d'infanterie de ligne de l'armée britannique existant de 1881 à 1960. En 1960, il fusionna avec le Royal Lincolnshire Regiment pour former le 2 East Anglian Regiment (Duchess of Gloucester's Own Royal Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire), qui lui-même fusionna avec le  East Anglian Regiment (Royal Norfolk and Suffolk), le 3 East Anglian Regiment (16th/44th Foot) et le  pour former l'actuel .

Histoire

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

 J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Two Volume Version, Wakefield, Microform Academic, 1984, .

Lectures complémentaires

Liens externes
 The Northamptonshire Regiment in 1914-1918 (1914-1918.net)
 The Northamptonshire Regiment (48th/58th Foot) (The Royal Anglian Regiment Museum)

Unité ou formation militaire dissoute en 1960
Unité ou formation militaire créée en 1881
Régiment de l'armée britannique

Northamptonshire Regiment


La brigade des pompiers de l'air (BPA) est une unité militaire de l'Armée de l'air et de l'espace française. Placée sous l'autorité du Commandement territorial de l'armée de l'air et de l'espace, elle regroupe 28 unités opérationnelles composées de .

Description
Elle regroupe l'ensemble des militaires spécialistes qui assurent les missions de sécurité incendie et secours aéronautiques, de protection des installations aéroportuaire, le secours à personne, la sécurité nucléaire, la défense contre la menace NRBC, ou la mission Nedex de l'Armée de l'air et de l'espace. Ses unités sont réparties sur l'ensemble du territoire national, au sein des bases aériennes françaises (ou de certains détachements air) ainsi qu'à l'étranger.

La Brigade des pompiers de l'air (BPA) est l'une des deux brigades du commandement territorial de l'armée de l'air et de l'espace (CTAAE), son état major est situé sur la base aérienne 120 de Cazaux.

Attributions
Cette brigade assure un commandement organique sur les Escadrons de sécurité incendie et de sauvetage (ESIS) et les Groupes d'Intervention Nedex (GrIN), l'unité d'intervention NRBC (UI NRBC) et le Centre de Formation des Techniciens de la sécurité de l'Armée de l'Air et de l'Espace (CFTSAAE) situé sur la base aérienne 120 de Cazaux . Il forme l'ensemble des pompiers de l'air, dispense des formations dans le domaine du secours aéronautique, de l'incendie, de la sécurité nucléaire, du NRBC et réalise l'aguerrissement avant projection en opération.

Insigne
L'insigne de la BPA représente les 3 métiers de la brigade : la sécurité incendie, la défense NRBC et la sécurité nucléaire, et l'intervention NEDEX.

Homologation
L'insigne a été homologué par le ministre des armées le 10 juin 2021 sous le n° A1536.

Héraldique

Commandants

Notes et références

Unité de l'Armée de l'air et de l'espace française
Pompier en France

Brigade des pompiers de l'air