Emperor An of Jin (; 382 – 28 January 419), personal name Sima Dezong (), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (266–420) in China. He was described as so developmentally disabled that he was unable to speak, clothe himself, or be able to express whether he was hungry or full. He was created crown prince in 387 and ascended the throne in 397. Because of his disability, the actual power was controlled by his uncle, Sima Daozi, Prince of Kuaiji. During his reign, regents and warlords dominated the Jin regime. Revolts by various governors also ravaged the land. From 398 to 403, there were constant revolts and civil war campaigns. In 403, the Jin regime was usurped by the warlord Huan Xuan, and while Emperor An was restored in 404, the Jin Dynasty was nearing its end. With the warlord Liu Yu as the actual power, Jin destroyed Southern Yan and Later Qin, greatly expanding its territory. However, with Liu Yu up in the north, the renegade governor of Guang Province (廣州, modern Guangdong and Guangxi), Lu Xun, rebelled and threatened the capital city Jiankang, before Liu Yu returned and crushed the revolt. In 419, Emperor An was strangled under the order of Liu Yu and replaced with his brother Emperor Gong, who would be the last emperor of the dynasty, before Liu Yu took the throne and establish the Liu Song Dynasty.

Early life
Sima Dezong was the oldest son of Emperor Xiaowu, born of his concubine Consort Chen Guinü in 382. It is not known when Sima Dezong's developmental disability became known, but it was likely very early in his childhood, for the degree of his disability, according to historians, was great. When he was just seven years old, in 390, his mother died. Even though he had a younger brother, Sima Dewen, born of Consort Chen as well (in 386), who was described to be intelligent and careful, and who learned to take care of him throughout the years, for reasons unknown, Emperor Xiaowu appeared to have never seriously considered making Sima Dewen his heir; in 16 September 387, Sima Dezong was created crown prince. In 395, he was set up in his own residence, the eastern palace, as was customary for crown princes. In 396, he married the daughter of the official Wang Xianzhi, Wang Shen'ai, as his crown princess.

In 397, Emperor Xiaowu was killed by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang, after offending her. However, with the emperor's only brother Sima Daozi, Prince of Kuaiji, being incompetent and Crown Prince Dezong being developmentally disabled, no investigation into Emperor Xiaowu's death was conducted. Crown Prince Dezong succeeded to the throne as Emperor An, and Sima Daozi became regent.

Under Sima Daozi's regency
Sima Daozi, as regent, was constantly drunk and greatly trusted Wang Guobao () and Wang Xu () because of their flattery, and his regency quickly developed a reputation for being corrupt and incompetent. The provincial governor Wang Gong (), whom Emperor Xiaowu entrusted with the armies of the northeastern part of the empire, considered starting a rebellion to overthrow Wang Guobao and Wang Xu. In 397, Wang Guobao and Wang Xu suggested to Sima Daozi that the armies that Wang Gong and another provincial governor, Yin Zhongkan (), were in charge of be reduced; Wang Gong and Yin, who was in command of the western provinces, in response, mobilized their forces and declared that Wang Guobao and Wang Xu should be executed. Sima Daozi, in fear, forced Wang Guobao to commit suicide and executed Wang Xu. Wang Gong and Yin then retreated. From this point on, Sima Daozi trusted no one but his teenage heir apparent, Sima Yuanxian, and entrusted the capital guards to Sima Yuanxian. He also gave military commands to his distant relatives Sima Shangzhi () the Prince of Qiao and Sima Shangzhi's brother Sima Xiuzhi, as well as Wang Yu (), in 398.

The giving of a military command to Wang Yu oddly drew a reaction from Wang Gong and Yin—as Wang Yu's command included four commanderies originally under the command of Yu Kai (), who became angry and managed to persuade Wang Gong and Yin that Sima Daozi's intention was to act against them as well. They therefore rose again, but Sima Daozi was able to persuade Wang Gong's general Liu Laozhi (), who was in command of the elite Beifu Forces (), to suddenly turn against Wang Gong, capturing and executing him. Yin, hearing of Wang Gong's death, was in fear but considered proceeding anyway—and Sima Daozi, under suggestion by Huan Xuan's cousin Huan Xiu (), managed to cause dissension between Yin and his generals Huan Xuan and Yang Quanqi () by offering Huan and Yang key posts; although Huan and Yang nominally remained Yin's allies, Yin was forced to withdraw his troops, and from that point on no longer posed a major threat, as his domain had now been divided into three, with Huan and Yang each given a third.

In late 398, the magician Sun Tai (), a friend of Sima Yuanxian's, who had gathered great following due to his magic, was exposed as planning a plot to take over the central government, and Sima Daozi ordered Sima Yuanxian to trap Sun Tai and execute him. Sun Tai's nephew Sun En fled to Zhoushan Island and planned revenge.

In summer 399, Sima Yuanxian, wanting even greater power, took an opportunity when his father was very drunk to have Emperor An issue an edict transferring Sima Daozi's authorities to Sima Yuanxian. When Sima Daozi awoke from his stupor, he was enraged, but after that point his power became extremely limited, even though he nominally remained regent.

Under Sima Yuanxian's regency
Sima Yuanxian's regency was one in which he became surrounded by flatterers, and he began to have unrealistic ambitions of ending the threat that various provincial warlords posed to his rule. He greatly trusted the strategist Zhang Fashun (), and also introduced many trusted associates into the administration. While he appeared to have some abilities, he also was, according to traditional historians, wasting the government's money in luxury and not paying attention to the burdens of the people. Late in 399, Sun En, seeing how the only province remaining under Jin imperial government's actual control—Yang Province (揚州, modern Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu) -- had been mismanaged by Sima Yuanxian, launched a major attack from Zhoushan Island, briefly taking over nearly all of Yang Province and advancing on the capital Jiankang (modern Nanjing, Jiangsu). Sun's rebellion was soon put down by Liu Laozhi, and Sun fled back to Zhoushan (but would remain a menace for several years), but Yang Province had been laid to waste. Despite this, Sima Yuanxian grew increasingly extravagant and arrogant.

In late 401, apprehensive of the growing power of Huan Xuan (who had in late 399 defeated and killed Yin Zhongkan and Yang Quanqi, seizing their domains and now controlled more than two thirds of Jin territory), Sima Yuanxian declared Huan a renegade and ordered an attack against Huan. However, he was largely dependent on Liu Laozhi's army, and Liu distrusted Sima Yuanxian. Meanwhile, Huan advanced east toward the capital and, after he made overtures to Liu, Liu turned against Sima Yuanxian. Jiankang fell to Huan, and Sima Yuanxian was captured and executed, along with all of his major associates. Huan also had Sima Daozi exiled and killed and became in full control of the empire. Not trusting of the treacherous Liu, Huan stripped him of his military command, and Liu tried to rebel again—but his own army officers were tired of repeated rebellions and deserted him, and he committed suicide.

Takeover and usurpation by Huan Xuan
Huan Xuan initially tried to institute reforms of the imperial government, and the populace and governmental officials were pleased with changes he introduced, and he also tried to make peace with Sun En's brother-in-law Lu Xun (), who replaced Sun En after Sun En committed suicide after a battlefield loss in 402, by offering Lu a commandery governorship. However, Huan Xuan soon took to living luxuriously and modifying laws at whim, and it was said that supplies to the imperial household were so reduced that even Emperor An almost suffered from hunger and cold.

In fall 403, Huan Xuan had Emperor An create him the Prince of Chu and give him the nine bestowments—both signs of an impending usurpation. In winter 403, Huan Xuan had Emperor An issue an edict (an edict that, according to traditional historians, Huan Xuan had Sima Bao () the Prince of Linchuan force Emperor An to personally write, although this account appears doubtful, as Emperor An's handicap makes it unlikely that he could personally write this edict) giving the throne to Huan Xuan. Huan then took the throne as emperor of a new Chu state. He created Emperor An as the Prince of Pinggu, but kept the emperor and his brother Sima Dewen the Prince of Langya (now reduced in rank to Duke of Shiyang) under virtual house arrest.

In spring 404, Huan Xuan's general Liu Yu, seeing that Huan Xuan lacked actual talent or popular support, led an uprising of a coalition of generals against him, starting the uprising at Jingkou (京口, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) and reaching Jiankang within a few days. Huan Xuan fled, but took Emperor An and Sima Dewen with him, back to his old power base Jiangling (江陵, in modern Jingzhou, Hubei). Liu Yu declared the restoration of Jin, and by summer 404, forces under his confederates Liu Yi (), He Wuji (), and his brother Liu Daogui () had reached the vicinity of Jiangling and defeated Huan Xuan's troops. Huan Xuan tried to flee again, but was killed by forces of the general Mao Qu (). Emperor An was declared to be restored at Jiangling by the officials Wang Kangchan () and Wang Tengzhi (). However, Huan Xuan's nephew Huan Zhen () soon surprised Wang Kangchan and Wang Tengzhi and captured Jiangling, taking Emperor An hostage, although ostensibly honoring him as the emperor. In spring 405, Jiangling fell to Liu Yi's forces, and Huan Zhen fled. Emperor An was welcomed back to Jiankang, but at this point on, Liu Yu was largely in control of the situation.

Under Liu Yu's regency

Early years
Liu Yu, although he had ambitions to be emperor, learned from Huan Xuan's failures that he could not act too quickly, but must establish his authority through further victories first, particularly since because he led a coalition of generals and officials with different agendas in his victory over Huan. He therefore proceeded cautiously, initially sharing power with He Wuji and Liu Yi, among others. For the next few years, he also made several offers to resign his posts, judging correctly that the imperial officials would not dare to accept them, to further establish the image that he was indispensable.

In spring 405, Mao Qu's soldiers, from Yi Province (modern Sichuan and Chongqing), unhappy that Mao sent them on long-distance campaigns initially against Huan Xuan and then against Huan Zhen, rebelled, supporting the military officer Qiao Zong as their leader. They defeated and killed Mao and captured Chengdu (成都, in modern Chengdu, Sichuan), and Qiao Zong established his independent Western Shu state there.

Also in 405, Lu Xun, who had in 404 marched south and captured Panyu (番禺, in modern Guangzhou, Guangdong) during the wars relating to Huan Xuan, offered peace to the imperial government by paying a tribute. Liu Yu, believing that he had no abilities to defeat Lu by this point, made Lu the governor of Guang Province (廣州, modern Guangdong and Guangxi) and Lu's brother-in-law and lieutenant Xu Daofu () the governor of Shixing Principality (始興, roughly modern Shaoguan, Guangdong).

In 407, Liu Yu commissioned his friend Liu Jingxuan (劉敬宣, Liu Laozhi's son) to launch a major attack on Qiao Zong's Western Shu, but in 408, Liu Jingxuan's forces became stalled against the Western Shu general Qiao Daofu () and was forced to retreat when food supplies ran out.

Campaigns against Southern Yan and Lu Xun
In 409, the Southern Yan emperor Murong Chao began a campaign of attacking and pillaging the Jin northern borders, intending to capture men and women to be trained as musicians. In response, Liu Yu decided to launch a campaign to destroy Southern Yan, over the objections of most imperial officials, but was supported by one of Liu Yu's initial allies in starting the uprising against Huan Xuan, Meng Chang (). While Liu Yu was quickly able to defeat Southern Yan main forces in late 409 and put the Southern Yan capital Guanggu (廣固, in modern Qingzhou, Shandong) under siege, Guanggu did not fall quickly. While Liu Yu was sieging Guanggu, Xu Daofu persuaded a reluctant Lu Xun (who was afraid of a confrontation with Liu Yu) to attack north, reasoning that eventually when Liu Yu was ready, Liu Yu would attack first, and that with Liu Yu sieging Guanggu, they could capture the rest of the empire together.

In spring 410, Liu Yu, captured Guanggu, ending Southern Yan, and considered further readying a campaign against Later Qin, was informed that Lu and Xu were attacking north, and therefore quickly returned south toward Jiankang. Meanwhile, He Wuji led a fleet against Xu at Yuzhang (豫章, in modern Nanchang, Jiangxi), but was defeated and killed by Xu. A second force commanded by Liu Yi was also defeated by Xu and Lu. However, Liu Yi's captured soldiers informed Lu that Liu Yu was on his way back to Jiankang, and Lu, intimidated, considered ending his campaign, but continued to Jiankang at Xu's insistence. A number of imperial officials, including Meng, suggested that Emperor An be taken across the Yangtze River to evade Lu's forces, but Liu Yu refused, choosing to defend Jiankang.

Once at Jiankang, Lu refused several strategies that Xu offered that were risky but offered chances of success, instead trying to intimidate Liu Yu's forces into collapsing, which he could not do. Soon he ran out of food supplies and withdrew to Xunyang (尋陽, in modern Jiujiang, Jiangxi). Liu Yu gave chase, but also ordered his generals Sun Chu () and Shen Tianzi () to take a fleet by sea to attack Panyu, fully confident that he can defeat Lu and make it impossible for Lu to then retreat to his home base. Meanwhile, Xu attacked Jing Province (荊州, modern Hubei and Hunan), but was defeated by Liu Yu's brother Liu Daogui (), and rejoined Lu, preparing for a confrontation with Liu Yu. Around the new year 411, they engaged Liu Yu at Dalei (大雷, in modern Anqing, Anhui), but Liu Yu destroyed their fleet with fire. Lu and Xu fled toward Panyu, which had however been captured by Sun at this point. Lu put Panyu under siege, but Shen, who was then trying to capture other commanderies, returned to Panyu and defeated Lu along with Sun. Lu fled toward Jiao Province (交州, modern northern Vietnam). The governor of Jiao Province, Du Huidu (), defeated Lu, and Lu killed his wife and concubines, and then committed suicide by jumping into a river.

Campaigns against Western Shu and Later Qin
With the state having been stabilized after Lu Xun's destruction, Liu Yu again turned his attention outward, hoping to use military victories to propel himself into sufficiently high public standing that he can take the throne for himself. At the same time, however, he began to remove members of his coalition who stood or might stand in his way. In 412, believing that Liu Yi, then governor of Jing Province, was about to act against him along with Liu Yi's cousin Liu Fan () the governor of Yan Province (兗州, then modern central Jiangsu), he arrested Liu Fan and his friend Xie Hun (), and then made a surprise attack against Liu Yi, defeating Liu Yi's forces easily. Liu Yi was killed in flight. In 413, Liu Yu also surprised and killed his assistant, the general Zhuge Zhangmin (), whom he suspected of considering to act against him when he was away from Jiankang attacking Liu Yi.

Meanwhile, in late 412, Liu Yu commissioned the general Zhu Lingshi () to attack Qiao Zong's Western Shu, secretly instructing him to take the long route to Qiao Zong's capital Chengdu by Min River (), rather than the short route by Fu River (). Zhu's forces were able to surprise Qiao Zong's main general Qiao Daofu and Qiao Zong himself, capturing Chengdu in 413 and annexing Western Shu back into Jin.

In 414, Liu Yu began to suspect Liu Yi's replacement as the governor of Jing Province, Sima Xiuzhi (), who was a member of the imperial clan and whose son Sima Wensi () had been created the Prince of Qiao and had gathered many adventurers around him. In spring 414, Liu Yu had Sima Wensi's confederates arrested and executed, while delivering Sima Wensi to Sima Xiuzhi, intending for Sima Xiuzhi to show submission by executing Sima Wensi himself. Instead, Sima Xiuzhi only requested that Sima Wensi's princely title be stripped. In spring 415, Liu Yu arrested another son of Sima Xiuzhi, Sima Wenbao (), and Sima Xiuzhi's nephew Sima Wenzu (), ordering the two to commit suicide, and then launched an attack on Sima Xiuzhi, who was joined by Lu Zongzhi () the governor of Yong Province (雍州, then modern northwestern Hubei). Initially, Sima Xiuzhi and Lu Zongzhi enjoyed some successes, defeating Liu Yu's son-in-law Xu Kuizhi (), but after Liu Yu himself arrived, he defeated Sima Xiuzhi's forces, capturing Jiangling and forcing Sima Xiuzhi and Lu Zongzhi to flee to Later Qin. Liu Yu now no longer had significant opposition in Jin.

In 416, Liu Yu launched a major attack against Later Qin, in light of the recent death of the Later Qin emperor Yao Xing, entrusting the capital to his assistant Liu Muzhi (), with his teenage heir apparent Liu Yifu being nominally in charge. In winter 416, the important city Luoyang fell to Liu Yu's general Tan Daoji (). In light of Luoyang's fall, Liu Yu had Emperor An create him Duke of Song and bestow him the nine bestowments, showing his intentions to take the throne eventually, although he declined both honors at that point.

In spring 417, Tan Daoji and another general, Shen Linzi (), engaged in a major campaign with Later Qin's most prominent general, Yao Shao () the Duke of Lu, the uncle of the emperor Yao Hong. After a month of battles, Yao Shao was defeated, and he died in anger. With Yao Shao dead, the other Later Qin generals could not resist Jin forces. Liu Yu's fleet, commanded by Wang Zhen'e (王鎮惡, Wang Meng's grandson), advanced quickly, while Yao Hong tried to first destroy Liu Yu's flank forces, commanded by Shen Linzi's brother Shen Tianzi. Despite Yao Hong's large advantage in numbers, Shen Tianzi crushed him, forcing him to flee back to his capital Chang'an. Wang Zhen'e's fleet then arrived and defeated Later Qin's final resistance, entering Chang'an. Yao Hong surrendered, and Liu Yu had him delivered to Jiankang and executed, ending Later Qin.

Emperor An's death
With Later Qin destroyed, there was an expectation that Liu Yu would next advance northwest and either destroy or force the subjugation of the several states in the northwest still -- Xia, Western Qin, Northern Liang, and Western Liang. Indeed, at this point, Western Qin's prince Qifu Chipan, Northern Liang's prince Juqu Mengxun, and Western Liang's prince Li Gao were all sufficiently intimidated that they nominally submitted to Jin's authority. However, Liu Muzhi then died at this time, and Liu Yu, intending on taking the throne, decided to return to Jiankang himself, leaving his 11-year-old son Liu Yizhen () and the generals Wang Zhen'e, Shen Tianzi, Mao Dezu (), and the official Wang Xiu () in charge of Chang'an.

With Liu Yu having left Chang'an, Xia's emperor Helian Bobo was intent on taking Chang'an himself. He had his sons Helian Gui () and Helian Chang, along with his general Wang Maide () make a three-pronged advance toward Chang'an while cutting off the supply route between Luoyang and Chang'an. Meanwhile, with Wang Zhen'e and Shen Tianzi being previously envious of each other, Shen Tianzi suspected Wang Zhen'e of being ready to rebel, and so killed him. Wang Xiu then executed Shen Tianzi, but then Liu Yizhen believed the accusations that Wang Zhen'e was in fact about to rebel and that Wang Xiu was ready to as well, and so executed Wang Xiu. Once Wang Xiu was executed, Liu Yizhen himself was without supervision, and he, in fear of Xia forces, withdrew all of his forces inside Chang'an, and Xia forces then sieged the city. Liu Yu, hearing this, sent Zhu Lingshi to replace Liu Yizhen and ordered Liu Yizhen to withdraw. Liu Yizhen's forces, however, having pillaged Chang'an, could not withdraw quickly, and they were crushed by Xia forces at Qingni (青泥, in modern Xi'an, Shaanxi), with nearly the entire army killed or captured. Liu Yizhen barely escaped with his life, and the Chang'an region became Xia possession, although Jin retained the Luoyang region.

Meanwhile, Liu Yu, having accepted the Duke of Song title and the nine bestowments in summer 418, had Emperor An create him the Prince of Song, but then publicly declined it. Meanwhile, he became convinced of the truth of a prophecy that stated, "There will be two more emperors after Changming." (Changming, which meant "dawn," was the courtesy name of Emperor An's father Emperor Xiaowu.) He therefore became resolved to kill Emperor An, and he tried several times to have Emperor An's servants poison him, but because Emperor An's brother Sima Dewen continuously attended to him, the servants had no chance to poison him. However, around the new year 419, Sima Dewen was himself ill and had to be at his house. Liu Yu's assassin Wang Shaozhi () then took the opportunity to kill Emperor An—according to Zizhi Tongjian, by twisting clothes into a rope and then using it to strangle Emperor An. Liu Yu then made Sima Dewen emperor (as Emperor Gong).

Era names
 Longan (隆安, lóng ān): 13 February 397 – 17 February 402
 Yuanxing (元興, yuán xīng): 18 February 402 – 1 March 405
 Yixi (義熙, yì xī): 2 March 405 – 11 February 419

Family
Consorts:
 Empress Anxi, of the Wang clan of Langya (; 384–412), first cousin, personal name Shen'ai ()

Ancestry

References

382 births
419 deaths
Jin dynasty (266–420) emperors
Huan Chu people
Deaths by strangulation
4th-century Chinese monarchs
5th-century Chinese monarchs
Murdered Chinese emperors
People with intellectual disability
Royalty and nobility with disabilities
Chinese people with disabilities

Emperor An of Jin


Dave Douglas (born March 24, 1963) is an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and educator. His career includes more than fifty recordings as a leader and more than 500 published compositions. His ensembles include the Dave Douglas Quintet; Sound Prints, a quintet co-led with saxophonist Joe Lovano; Uplift, a sextet with bassist Bill Laswell; Present Joys with pianist Uri Caine and Andrew Cyrille; High Risk, an electronic ensemble with Shigeto, Jonathan Aaron, and Ian Chang; and Engage, a sextet with Jeff Parker, Tomeka Reid, Anna Webber, Nick Dunston, and Kate Gentile.

He has won a Doris Duke Performing Artist Award, a Guggenheim Fellowship, an Aaron Copland award, and received Grammy Award nominations.  As a composer, Douglas has received commissions from the Trisha Brown Dance Company, Birmingham Contemporary Music Group, Norddeutscher Rundfunk, Essen Philharmonie, The Library of Congress, Stanford University and Monash Art Ensemble, which premiered his chamber orchestra piece Fabliaux in March 2014.

From 2002 to 2012, he served as artistic director of the Workshop in Jazz and Creative Music at the Banff Centre in Canada. He is a co-founder of the Festival of New Trumpet Music in New York with trumpeter Roy Campbell Jr. Since 2003, Douglas has served as director of the nonprofit festival. He is on the faculty at the Mannes School of Music and is a guest coach for the Juilliard Jazz Composer's Ensemble. In 2016, he accepted a four-year appointment as the artistic director of the Bergamo Jazz Festival.

In 2005 Douglas founded Greenleaf Music, a record label for his albums, sheet music, podcasts, as well as the music of other modern jazz musicians. Greenleaf has produced over 70 albums.

Early life
Born in Montclair, New Jersey, Douglas grew up in the New York City area and attended Phillips Exeter Academy, a private high school in New Hampshire. He was introduced to jazz by his father, Damon Greenleaf Douglas Jr., and as a young teen was shown jazz theory and harmony by the pianist Tommy Gallant. Douglas began performing jazz during his junior year in high school while on an abroad program in Barcelona, Spain. After graduating from high school in 1981, he studied at the Berklee College of Music and New England Conservatory, both located in Boston, Massachusetts.

Career

1980s
In 1984, Douglas moved to New York to study at New York University, to study directly with Carmine Caruso, and he finished a degree in music. Early gigs included the experimental rock band Dr. Nerve, Jack McDuff, Vincent Herring as well as street bands around New York City. He played with a variety of ensembles and came to the attention of the jazz pianist, composer, and bandleader, Horace Silver, with whom he toured the US and Europe in 1987.

In the late 1980s, Douglas began playing with bands led by Don Byron, Tim Berne, Marty Ehrlich, Walter Thompson, and others in New York. He played in the composer collectives Mosaic Sextet and New and Used. He also toured with theater companies including the world-renowned Bread and Puppet Theater and the Swiss ensemble .

1990s
In March 1993, Douglas got the opportunity to record his first album as a leader, Parallel Worlds (Black Saint/Soul Note), which featured his String Group with Mark Feldman (violin), Erik Friedlander (cello), Mark Dresser (bass), Michael Sarin (drums). The album is a collection of original pieces, some using serial composition techniques, and arrangements of Webern, Ellington, Kurt Weill and Stravinsky.

This first recording was followed in quick succession by the debuts of two groups, the Tiny Bell Trio (Songlines) with Brad Shepik and Jim Black and The Dave Douglas Sextet, with Chris Speed, Josh Roseman, Uri Caine, James Genus and Joey Baron, which recorded an homage to Booker Little called In Our Lifetime (New World).

This began a period during which Douglas recorded widely as a side musician and as a member of many new jazz groups. Douglas also began touring extensively worldwide both as a leader and as a side musician.

In 1993, Douglas also began performing with John Zorn in his Masada quartet, with Greg Cohen and Joey Baron. The group, which still occasionally performs, deals with Jewish and diaspora culture and heritage through Zorn's original compositions. As such, it is an amalgam of jazz, new music, klezmer, and purely improvised styles. The band became one of Zorn's most long-standing and popular ensembles, and brought Douglas wider attention.

Since the mid-1990s, Douglas has led a variety of groups simultaneously. In 1996, Douglas recorded Sanctuary with Cuong Vu, Anthony Coleman, Yuka Honda, Dougie Bowne, and other musicians of the New York downtown scene of the time. The group involved sampling and DJ improvisations in addition to jazz.

In 1997, Douglas started a quartet featuring trumpet, violin, accordion, and bass (with Guy Lucevsek, Mark Feldman, and Greg Cohen) which recorded Charms of the Night Sky, incorporating sounds of Eastern European and Argentinian folk musics as well as jazz influences on the music, which is generally mellow and relaxed. The album included a number of tracks with Douglas and accordionist Guy Klucevsek performing as a duo. A second album by the Charms of the Night Sky group, A Thousand Evenings was released in 2000.

Also in 1997, Douglas founded a jazz quartet with Chris Potter, James Genus, and Ben Perowsky. This group recorded two albums in this period, Magic Triangle and Leap of Faith. Both were originally released by Arabesque Recordings, and have subsequently been reissued on Douglas's own imprint, Greenleaf Music. Greenleaf has also released sheet music containing all of the original compositions from these albums. This group further explored Douglas's interest in writing harmony for cordless groups and lyrical, accessible new acoustic jazz sounds.

Towards the end of the 1990s, Douglas formed a Quintet with Uri Caine on fender rhodes, Chris Potter, James Genus and drummer Clarence Penn. The formation of this group coincided with Douglas signing a seven-record deal with major label RCA Victor.

Douglas also began to appear at the mainstream jazz clubs around New York such as Iridium, Village Vanguard and Jazz Standard. His international touring continued with multiway residencies of his original works at festivals in Belgium, Italy, Poland, Germany, France and Spain.

It was at the end of the 1990s that Douglas first visited the Banff Centre for the Arts as a visiting artist, at the invitation of pianist Kenny Werner. A few year later he would begin a ten-year stint as the Director of the Banff International Workshop in Jazz and Creative Music.

2000s
In 2000, Douglas released Soul on Soul, a tribute to composer and pianist Mary Lou Williams, featuring original arrangements of her music for the sextet and new pieces inspired by her work. Douglas also released albums featuring Charms of the Night Sky and the Dave Douglas Quartet in the same year.

In the early years of the decade, Douglas worked often with the Trisha Brown Dance Company. El Trilogy, an extended musical work accompanying modern dance, was performed during 2000–2001.

Witness, a nine-part suite, was released in 2001. It features a band made up of trumpet, sax, two electric pianos, electronic percussion, bass, and drums. Douglas' music had always been informed by his political concerns, but this album was his most ambitious attempt to give them musical form, often by celebrating his political and cultural heroes through dedications and track titles. The album includes a 20-minute track entitled "Mahfouz", in which gravel-voiced singer Tom Waits reads an excerpt from the works of Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz, as well as pieces dedicated to Edward Said and Taslima Nasrin.

More recently, Douglas founded the Dave Douglas New Quintet and Nomad. The Quintet is a trumpet and tenor sax-led group but with Fender Rhodes electric piano. Their first album, The Infinite (2001), featured Douglas originals and pieces by or inspired by musicians Rufus Wainwright, Björk and Thom Yorke. This was followed up by 2004's Strange Liberation by the same group with guest Bill Frisell on guitar. Formed in 2003, Nomad is made up of trumpet, clarinet, cello, tuba, and drums. With this band, Douglas performed his suite Mountain Passages, commissioned for the Italian Sound of the Dolomites Festival, and released as the first album on Douglas' record label Greenleaf Music in 2005. The suite features a variety of different influences including Italian Ladino music, New Orleans jazz, and other musics, and is to be played from 9 to 12,000 feet above sea level.

Douglas also started a new band called Keystone, which performs works influenced by the silent film actor and director Roscoe 'Fatty' Arbuckle. The project includes pieces to be performed with Arbuckle's films. This ensemble is made up of trumpet, tenor sax, Wurlitzer (electric piano), turntables, electric bass, and drums. A CD of this music – accompanied by a DVD with two Arbuckle shorts – was released in 2005.

2006 saw Douglas release Meaning and Mystery, where he plays again with his quintet, now with Donny McCaslin in place of Chris Potter on saxophones. In December 2006, Greenleaf Music recorded all the quintet's performances over a six-night engagement at New York's Jazz Standard jazz club, called them Live at the Jazz Standard, and made the two-hour sets the band played each night available for download from the company's website within 24 hours. The 44 compositions, almost all of them by Douglas alongside covers of Wainwright, Mary J. Blige and Björk, featured 14 tunes not previously recorded by the band. Those 14 new compositions were released on a 2-CD set, Live at the Jazz Standard, in 2007.

In late 2007, Moonshine, a further recording by Keystone, was released. This was based upon recordings made of a concert performance by the band at that year's Bray Jazz Festival in Ireland. The Keystone band then led a 5-night run at Jazz Standard in April 2008. Greenleaf Music recorded and released all ten sets through their website as a download-only series, Keystone: Live at Jazz Standard (Complete Book).

In 2009, Douglas released two albums: Spirit Moves by his Brass Ecstasy band which featured Vincent Chancey, Luis Bonilla, Marcus Rojas and Nasheet Waits; and his first album of big band compositions, A Single Sky, a collaboration with Jim McNeely and the Frankfurt Radio Bigband.

2010's
In tandem with the 100th anniversary of the first Frankenstein film, Douglas collaborated with experimental film-maker Bill Morrison and released the 3-CD set Spark of Being. Written for his Keystone ensemble, the set includes three related, yet subtly different, albums to accompany the Morrison film. The first edition, entitled Soundtrack, comprises long-form pieces edited to accompany the film in real time. The second edition, Expand, contains extended performances of the original themes from the soundtrack, arranged in a traditional jazz album format. Burst, the third edition, consists of additional variations and unused outtakes recorded at the initial session.

In 2011, Douglas released three albums within the span of five months through Greenleaf Music. The albums were released only in digital format and contained approximately 30 to 50 minutes of music per album, referencing album lengths of the LP era. Released under the unifying label of the Greenleaf Portable Series, or GPS, the albums showcased ensembles that Douglas may only "rarely get to play with" in some cases.  The first album, Rare Metals featured Douglas' Brass Ecstasy ensemble. The second album, Orange Afternoons included Ravi Coltrane on tenor sax, Vijay Iyer on piano, Linda Oh on bass, Marcus Gilmore on drums. The third, Bad Mango, paired Douglas with the innovative quartet So Percussion.

After the bandleaders' intersecting tenures in the SFJAZZ Collective in 2008, Douglas joined with tenor saxophonist Joe Lovano to form the co-led quintet Sound Prints with drummer Joey Baron, bassist Linda Oh and pianist Lawrence Fields. Inspired by the music of tenor saxophonist Wayne Shorter the group debuted at New York's Village Vanguard in November 2012. In 2013 the Monterey Jazz Festival commissioned Wayne Shorter to write two pieces for the group. Sound Prints premiered "Unknown" and "To Sail Beyond The Sunset" at the festival that year. The concert resulted in Live at Monterey Jazz Festival on Blue Note Records in 2015. The group's second album Scandal, was released in 2018 on Greenleaf Music and it marked the first time the pair has recorded a full studio album of material together. The album boasts ten originals by Lovano and Douglas as well as treatments of two Shorter classics. Two tracks from the same recording session were released on a 7" 45 on green vinyl: On Pebble Street was a special release for Record Store Day in April 2018. The quintet released their third album of original compositions, Other Worlds, in May 2021. The CD artwork features space-inspired artwork by celebrated visual artist Dave Chisholm. Other Worlds was later released as a double vinyl LP for Record Store Day Black Friday on November 25, 2022.

Douglas released Be Still in 2012. The album featured Douglas' newly formed quintet of Jon Irabagon on saxophone, Matt Mitchell on piano, Linda Oh on bass, and Rudy Royston on drums with the addition of vocalist Aoife O'Donovan. Dedicated to the memory of Douglas' mother, Emily, who died in 2011, Be Still features nine tracks, of which six are hymns and folks songs that she requested Douglas perform at her funeral. The same ensemble, minus O'Donovan, recorded and released Time Travel the following year.

Inspired by 2005's Mountain Passages, which the I Suoni delle Dolomiti festival in Northern Italy commissioned to be performed at a high altitude, Douglas initiated his 2013 tenure as the Monterey Jazz Festival's "Showcase Artist" with a benefit concert and hike at Glen Deven Ranch in Big Sur, California. The audience and performers alike hiked to a promontory overlooking the Pacific Ocean and then listened to a concert of Douglas' music.

In celebration of his 50th birthday, Douglas launched his "50 States Project" and set out to perform in each of the 50 U.S. states throughout the course of 2013. The tour aimed to include performances in "unlikely and outdoors locations for people who might not otherwise have the same kind of access to live, improvised music as those in larger cities." The tour also coincided with the release of 'DD|50: Special Edition 50th Birthday Recordings' a special box set that included three CDs (Pathways, Time Travel, and Be Still) and a DVD containing previously unreleased in-studio performances and art videos shot by Christoph Green.

Douglas formed the collective ensemble Riverside in collaboration with tenor saxophonist Chet Doxas, electric bassist Steve Swallow and drummer Jim Doxas out of a shared respect for Texas-born multireedist Jimmy Giuffre. The group's eponymously titled recording features originals by Douglas and Doxas, as well as Giuffre's "The Train and the River". The group's sophomore album The New National Anthem was released in May 2017 featuring the pianist and composer Carla Bley. The album features three compositions by Bley, as well as songs by Douglas, Swallow and Doxas. The group played a number of concerts and festivals in the summer and fall of 2017 with Bley as a special guest, including two concerts in Quebec and a ten-date tour of Europe

In July 2014, Douglas released a duo project Present Joys with his long-time collaborator, pianist Uri Caine. The two explore the music of the Sacred Harp tradition, taking on four pieces from the shape-note tune books as well as several new Douglas compositions undertaken in the same vein. The duo expanded with the addition of drummer Andrew Cyrille. The trio released Devotion in 2019, performing Douglas compositions inspired by Franco D'Andrea, Carla Bley, Mary Lou Williams, and Dizzy Gillespie.

The Monash Art Ensemble (MAE) is a collaboration between the Sir Zelman Cowen School of Music at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, and the Australian Art Orchestra (AAO), an improvising chamber orchestra including some of Melbourne's finest players also affiliated with Monash University. In 2014, Dave composed a set of music drawing inspiration from composers of the early 14th century French Ars Nova, most notably Guillaume De Machaut. Scored for four winds, four brass, four strings, and four percussion, including electronics, the music explores ideas of hocket, isorhythm, and modal counterpoint as points of departure, mixing improvisation with timbre and structure in unexpected ways. The resulting album, Fabliaux, was released in 2015 on Greenleaf Music in collaboration with Australian label JazzHead.

Dave first met DJ, producer and beatmaker Shigeto (Ghostly International) at a Red Bull Music Academy event that paired musicians in a series of solo and duet improvisations, and the two found some common creative ground. Following that collaboration, Douglas formed an electronic ensemble to probe the possibilities of improvised jazz and electronic music. Adding Jonathan Maron on electric and acoustic bass and Mark Guiliana on electric and acoustic drums, as well as engineer Geoff Countryman - whose knowledge and skills as a musician and technician helped piece everything together – the group released High Risk in 2015. The group's follow up album, Dark Territory, was released on LP as a Record Store Day 2016 Exclusive.

In the fall of 2015, Dave released Brazen Heart, an album featuring his longstanding quintet with Jon Irabagon, Matt Mitchell, Linda May Han Oh, and Rudy Royston. The title track was commissioned for the Ecstatic Music Festival as a piece for large brass ensemble to be performed at the World Trade Center site in lower Manhattan, reimagined for a small group. Following a North American tour, the quintet played a week of shows at the Jazz Standard in November 2015. Recorded on the fly, each night's music was released the next day for digital download on Bandcamp, allowing fans to hear the music with a remarkable turnaround. The complete set of music – four nights, eight sets, eighty-four tracks in total – was released as Brazen Heart Live, an 8-CD box set. PopMatters compared the release to Miles Davis' The Complete Live
at the Plugged Nickel 1965 sessions.

In 2016, Douglas joined with French pianist Frank Woeste, bassist Matt Brewer and drummer Clarence Penn to produce a cooperative album with support from the French-American Jazz Exchange. Dada People was inspired by the Dada art movement and the work of Man Ray and his circle of artists.

Douglas composed a series of twelve short compositions, each named for an Italian month of the year entitled New Sanctuary. The 2016 work touches on his compositional process from 1996'sSanctuary. It challenges the performers to maximally tease out the implications of each idea, using their own personal vocabulary to develop and explore the music in fresh ways every time. Douglas recorded the music in a new trio with guitarist Marc Ribot and percussionist Susie Ibarra.

In 2017, Douglas released Little Giant Still Life, featuring the brass quartet, The Westerlies. After encountering the group at Seattle's Earshot Jazz Festival, Douglas began writing music for group of ensemble improvisors, later adding drummer Anwar Marshall. Much of the music is inspired by the American painter Stuart Davis.

Douglas' 2018 Subscriber Series is entitled, UPLIFT. Subtitled, "Twelve Pieces For Positive Action," the music was conceived by Douglas as a response to the tumultuous political and social climate of the United States and beyond. Featuring twelve new Douglas compositions for a new sextet, each piece highlights a specific social cause and references organizations doing important work. The ensemble, which came together to record the music in December 2017, features saxophonist Joe Lovano, guitarists Mary Halvorson and Julian Lage, bassist Bill Laswell and drummer Ian Chang. Throughout 2018, a new track was released each month exclusively for subscribers with a CD coming out in December 2018. A descendant of UPLIFT, Douglas recorded a program of brand new compositions – ENGAGE  - as reactions and ruminations on hope and positivity. Douglas sought out specific improvisers and collaborators from different generations and backgrounds to deal with music that inspires, challenges and stirs to action. The songs were specifically built for this collaborative and dynamic ensemble including woodwind player Anna Webber, cellist Tomeka Reid, guitarist Jeff Parker, bassist Nick Dunston and drummer Kate Gentile. On some of the pieces, the ensemble is joined by trumpeters Dave Adewumi and Riley Mulherkar. The twelve pieces are built using the compositional rule of major triads, with each of the twelve pieces in the "song cycle" approaching these triads in a different way. The pieces were released monthly during 2019 to Greenleaf Music subscribers, and a culminating CD was released in December 2019.

2020-present
To honor the legacy of the great trumpeter, composer and humanist Dizzy Gillespie, Douglas wanted to explore Dizzy's experimental and wide open mind as well as the influence of his music. The project started out as a concert program, assembled for a performance presented by Jazz at Lincoln Center in February, 2018. For that, Douglas assembled a sextet that included Ambrose Akinmusire on trumpet, guitarist Bill Frisell, pianist Gerald Clayton, bassist Linda May Han Oh and Joey Baron on drums. Douglas began to conceive of a recorded version of the program, although with a different set of players. In addition to Baron, Douglas brought trumpeter Dave Adewumi, guitarist Matthew Stevens, pianist Fabian Almazan, and bassist Carmen Rothwell into the studio. The resulting album Dizzy Atmosphere: Dizzy Gillespie at Zero Gravity was released in 2020.

Douglas collaborated again with the Monash Art Ensemble in 2020 as a virtual Artist in Residence. Working with a 13-piece ensemble, the musicians workshopped five pieces that Dave composed with inspiration from the Australian writer and poet Kevin Gilbert, along with lyrics contributed by ensemble members. Recording online and remotely, everyone recorded their parts separately and the music was blended together after the fact. The Dream: Monash Sessions was released in digital format in March 2021.

For the 2020 Greenleaf Music Subscriber Series, Douglas recorded a suite entitled, Marching Music. Subtitled Music to March By, Douglas conceived of these pieces as music you could have in your headphones when you attend Climate Marches, Demonstrations for Equal Rights, Voting Rights Movements, and all other actions towards a just society. Featuring a special quartet with guitarist Rafiq Bhatia, bassist Melvin Gibbs and drummer Sim Cain, the ten pieces were released throughout 2020 to subscribers.

On December 4, 2020, Douglas released the album Overcome exclusively to Bandcamp, featuring vocalist Fay Victor, vocalist and guitarist Camila Meza, bassist Jorge Roeder, and drummer Rudy Royston. The album includes a version of "We Shall Overcome", a gospel song that is best known as a protest song of the American civil rights movement. Having been recorded remotely in first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was eventually issued on vinyl and via digital distribution in 2022.

In 2021, Douglas was approached by the Kerrytown Concert House in Ann Arbor to  produce an online solo trumpet concert, which was live streamed in December 2021. Using some of that material, plus some additional performances online for Greenleaf subscribers, the album Hudson Solos emerged, all tied to thoughts about the Hudson River. A number of the pieces were released to Greenleaf Music subscribers in 2021 as part of the Subscribers Series and a CD was released in late 2021.

Secular Psalms is a new Dave Douglas studio album featuring a newly commissioned suite of ten pieces, inspired by and dedicated to The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb by Jan van Eyck and Hubert van Eyck – a polyptych originally painted for display in St. Bavo's Cathedral in Ghent, Belgium. Commissioned by Handelsbeurs Concert Hall in Gent, Belgium to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the Altarpiece with creation of new music. Drawing on Latin Mass, on early medieval folk songs, on composers of the period, like Guillaume DuFay, and on jazz and improvised music, Douglas and team deliver a lyrical, mystical, spiritual score full of upbeat optimism for our times. Douglas says the title refers to "songs of praise for all of us." For this project Douglas branched out into new instruments including serpent, lute, organ and sampler, providing a painterly panorama of new sounds, and performed by group of international musicians: Tomeka Reid, Marta Warelis, Berlinde Deman, Frederick Leroux and Lander Gyselinck. The world premiere of the piece took place in Europe in November 2021 with performances in Gent and Brugge Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany. The CD was released by Greenleaf Music in April 2022. The albums and their compositions reference the Song of Ascents, a set of songs from the Book of Psalms.

The Dave Douglas Quintet featuring Irabagon, Mitchell, Oh, and Royston reunited to release its fourth studio album, Songs of Ascent: Book 1 - Degrees on October 7, 2022. The ensemble simultaneously released a second album, Songs of Ascent: Book 2 - Steps directly to subscribers of Greenleaf Music. Douglas recorded all his trumpet parts for both albums first, recording remotely with the musicians from their homes.

In March 2023, Douglas released If There Are Mountains with pianist Elan Mehler, featuring haiku sung by vocalist Dominique Eade. The album had previously been released in 2020 only on vinyl through Mehler's independent label Newvelle Records. The recorded ensemble, a sextet, also includes John Gunther, Simón Willson, and Dayeon Seok.

Personal life
Douglas lives in the New York area, lectures regularly at The New School and travels frequently worldwide as a composer and performer. His daughter Mia was born in 1984.

Discography

 Parallel Worlds (Soul Note, 1993)
 The Tiny Bell Trio (Songlines, 1994)
 In Our Lifetime (New World, 1995)
 Constellations (Hat Hut, 1995) with Tiny Bell Trio
 Five (Soul Note, 1996)
 Live in Europe (Arabesque, 1996) with Tiny Bell Trio
 Sanctuary  (Avant, 1997)
 Stargazer (Arabesque, 1997)
 Moving Portrait (DIW, 1998)
 Charms of the Night Sky (Winter & Winter, 1998)
 Magic Triangle (Arabesque, 1998)
 Convergence (Soul Note, 1998)
 Songs for Wandering Souls (Winter & Winter, 1999)
 Soul on Soul (RCA, 2000)
 Leap of Faith (Arabesque, 2000)
 A Thousand Evenings (RCA, 2000)
 El Trilogy (BMG, 2001)
 Witness (RCA, 2001)
 The Infinite (RCA, 2002)
 Freak In (Bluebird, 2003)
 Strange Liberation (Bluebird, 2004)
 Bow River Falls (Koch, 2004)
 Mountain Passages (Greenleaf, 2005)
 Keystone (Greenleaf, 2005)
 Meaning and Mystery (Greenleaf, 2006)
 Live at the Jazz Standard (Greenleaf, 2006)
 Moonshine (Greenleaf, 2007)
 Spirit Moves (Greenleaf, 2009)
 A Single Sky (Greenleaf, 2009)
 Spark of Being (Greenleaf, 2010)
 United Front: Brass Ecstasy at Newport (Greenleaf, 2010)
 Three Views (Greenleaf, 2011)
 Be Still (Greenleaf, 2012)
 Time Travel (Greenleaf, 2013)
 Present Joys with Uri Caine (Greenleaf, 2014)
 High Risk (Greenleaf, 2015)
 Brazen Heart (Greenleaf, 2015)
 Dark Territory (Greenleaf, 2016)
 Brazen Heart: Live at Jazz Standard (Greenleaf, 2018)
 Uplift - Twelve Pieces for Positive Action (Greenleaf, 2018)
 Devotion (Greenleaf, 2019)
 Engage (Greenleaf, 2019)
 Dizzy Atmosphere (Greenleaf, 2020)
 Marching Music (Greenleaf, 2020)
 Overcome (Greenleaf, 2020)
 Other Worlds (Greenleaf, 2021)
 Hudson Solos (Greenleaf, 2021)
 Secular Psalms (Greenleaf, 2022)
 Degrees - Book 1 of Songs of Ascent (Greenleaf, 2022)
 Songs of Ascent: Book 2 - Steps (Greenleaf, 2022)
  If There Are Mountains (Greenleaf, 2023)

References

External links
 Official site
 Discography
 Album review at TracksMusic.com
 Biography, CD and concert review of Dave Douglas

1963 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Klezmer musicians
Post-bop trumpeters
Experimental big band trumpeters
American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
American jazz composers
American male jazz composers
Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
Arabesque Records artists
RCA Records artists
Avant-garde jazz trumpeters
Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development alumni
21st-century trumpeters
21st-century American male musicians
Masada (band) members
Orange Then Blue members
SFJAZZ Collective members
Winter & Winter Records artists
Black Saint/Soul Note artists

Dave Douglas (trumpeter)


L' Hôtel Bristol (ukrainien Бристоль) est un bâtiment en Ukraine à Odessa au 15 de la rue Pouchkine.

Histoire
Construit entre 1898 et 1899 par Alexandre Bernadazzi et Adolf Minkus en un style renaissance et des statues de style baroque. Fermé lors de la Révolution bolchevique, il ré-ouvre en 1927 mais sous le nom de Hotel Krasnaya pour hôtel rouge. Il est fermé entre 2002 et 2010 pour rénovation.

Notes et références

Architecture à Odessa
Patrimoine classé d'Ukraine

Hôtel Bristol (Odessa)


An Eriocaulon trilobatum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Wilhelm Willy Otto Eugen Ruhland. An Eriocaulon trilobatum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eriocaulon, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Madagascar. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eriocaulon

Eriocaulon trilobatum


Felix König (* 26. Oktober 1990) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Handballspieler, der zuletzt beim Bundesligisten SG BBM Bietigheim unter Vertrag stand.

Karriere
Das Handballspielen erlernte König bei seinem Heimatverein JSG Balingen-Weilstetten, bei welchem er bis 2007 aktiv war. Im selben Jahr wechselte Felix König ablösefrei zum HBW Balingen-Weilstetten, wo er zunächst einen Zwei-Jahres-Vertrag unterschrieb. 2009 verlängerte er diesen um weitere fünf Jahre. Sein erstes Spiel für den HBW bestritt König in der Saison 2009/10. In den darauffolgenden Saison wuchs König zum Leistungsträger seiner Mannschaft heran und stand in der Saison 2011/12 bereits 27 mal auf dem Feld. Zur Saison 2017/18 wechselte er zum Zweitligisten SG BBM Bietigheim. Mit Bietigheim stieg er 2018 in die Bundesliga auf. Nach der Saison 2018/19 beendete er seine Karriere.

König lief des Weiteren mehrere Male für verschiedene Juniorennationalmannschaften auf. Er wurde 2008 Jugend-Europameister und 2011 Junioren-Weltmeister.

Sonstiges
Felix König besuchte das Gymnasium Balingen, dort legte er 2010 sein Abitur ab. Er studiert Sportpublizistik (Bachelor) und ist seit September 2020 verheiratet.

Seit der Saison 2023/24 ist König Geschäftsführer der HBW Balingen.

Einzelnachweise

U21-Junioren-Weltmeister (Handball)
U18-Junioren-Europameister (Handball)
Handballspieler (HBW Balingen-Weilstetten)
Handballspieler (SG BBM Bietigheim)
Rückraumspieler
Deutscher
Geboren 1990
Mann

Felix König


Kiss Me Once Tour er den australske sangerinde Kylie Minogues fjortende koncertturne, som hun gennemførte for at følge op på hendes tolvte studiealbum Kiss Me Once (2014). Turnéen begyndte den 24. september 2014 i Liverpool. Den første del af turnéen blev afholdt i Europa, og i marts 2015 fortsatte den i Minogues hjemland Australien.

Numre

Akt 1: Sex Is Better
 "Breathe" (Intro)
 "Les Sex"
 "In My Arms"
 "Timebomb"
 "Wow"
Akt 2: Secret Kiss
 "Bauhaus Disco" (Dance Interlude)
 "Step Back in Time"
 "Spinning Around"
 "Your Disco Needs You"
 "On a Night Like This"
 "Slow"
Akt 3: Dizzy Kiss
 "Chasing Ghosts" (Video Interlude)
 "Dollhouse Medley" : "Enjoy Yourself" (Intro) / "Hand on Your Heart" / "Never Too Late" / "Got to Be Certain" / "I Should Be So Lucky"
Akt 4: Lick Kiss
 "Skirt" (Video Interlude)
 "Need You Tonight" (INXS-cover)
 "Sexercize"
 "Nu-di-ty" (Dance Interlude)
 "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
 "Kids"
Akt 5: French Kiss
 "Beautiful"
 "Kiss Me Once"
 "Get Outta My Way"
 "Love at First Sight"
 "The Loco-Motion"
 "All the Lovers"
Ekstranummer
 "Into the Blue"

Turnedatoer

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
Den officielle hjemmeside for Kylie Minogue

Kylie Minogue-koncertturneer

Kiss Me Once Tour


قانون حفظ الشحنة قانون مصاغ من قانون حفظ الطاقة وهو علاقة حسابية بين كمية الشحنة داخل وسط ما وبين مقدار تدفق تلك الشحنة داخل وخارج الوسط، ينص القانون على أن كمية الشحنة الكهربائية في دائرة كهربائية معزولة هي مقدار ثابت مما يعني أن الطاقة لا تفنى ولا تستحدث من العدم ولكنها تتحول من صورة إلى أخرى ويمكن اثبات هذا القانون رياضيا عن طريق قانون أمبير وقانونا كيرشوف.

المراجع

قوانين حفظ
كهرباء
كهرومغناطيسية

قانون حفظ الشحنة


An Hypolytrum ohwianum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Tetsuo Michael Koyama. An Hypolytrum ohwianum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hypolytrum, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Hainan. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Hypolytrum

Hypolytrum ohwianum


In economics, goods are items that satisfy human wants and provide utility, for example, to a consumer making a purchase of a satisfying product. A common distinction is made between goods which are transferable, and services, which are not transferable.

A good is an "economic good" if it is useful to people but scarce in relation to its demand so that human effort is required to obtain it.
In contrast, free goods, such as air, are naturally in abundant supply and need no conscious effort to obtain them.
Private goods are things owned by people, such as televisions, living room furniture, wallets, cellular telephones, almost anything owned or used on a daily basis that is not food-related.

A consumer good or "final good" is any item that is ultimately consumed, rather than used in the production of another good. For example, a microwave oven or a bicycle that is sold to a consumer is a final good or consumer good, but the components that are sold to be used in those goods are intermediate goods. For example, textiles or transistors can be used to make some further goods.

Commercial goods are construed as tangible products that are manufactured and then made available for supply to be used in an industry of commerce. Commercial goods could be tractors, commercial vehicles, mobile structures, airplanes, and even roofing materials. Commercial and personal goods as categories are very broad and cover almost everything a person sees from the time they wake up in their home, on their commute to work to their arrival at the workplace.

Commodities may be used as a synonym for economic goods but often refer to marketable raw materials and primary products.

Although common goods are tangible, certain classes of goods, such as information, only take intangible forms. For example, among other goods an apple is a tangible object, while news belongs to an intangible class of goods and can be perceived only by means of an instrument such as printers or television.

Utility and characteristics of goods
Goods may increase or decrease their utility directly or indirectly and may be described as having marginal utility. Some things are useful, but not scarce enough to have monetary value, such as the Earth's atmosphere, these are referred to as 'free goods'.

In normal parlance, "goods" is always a plural word, but economists have long termed a single item of goods "a good".

In economics, a bad is the opposite of a good. Ultimately, whether an object is a good or a bad depends on each individual consumer and therefore, not all goods are goods to all people.

Types of goods

Goods' diversity allows for their classification into different categories based on distinctive characteristics, such as tangibility and (ordinal) relative elasticity. A tangible good like an apple differs from an intangible good like information due to the impossibility of a person to physically hold the latter, whereas the former occupies physical space.  Intangible goods differ from services in that final (intangible) goods are transferable and can be traded, whereas a service cannot.

Price elasticity also differentiates types of goods.  An elastic good is one for which there is a relatively large change in quantity due to a relatively small change in price, and therefore is likely to be part of a family of substitute goods; for example, as pen prices rise, consumers might buy more pencils instead. An inelastic good is one for which there are few or no substitutes, such as tickets to major sporting events, original works by famous artists, and prescription medicine such as insulin. Complementary goods are generally more inelastic than goods in a family of substitutes. For example, if a rise in the price of beef results in a decrease in the quantity of beef demanded, it is likely that the quantity of hamburger buns demanded will also drop, despite no change in buns' prices. This is because hamburger buns and beef (in Western culture) are complementary goods. Goods considered complements or substitutes are relative associations and should not be understood in a vacuum. The degree to which a good is a substitute or a complement depends on its relationship to other goods, rather than an intrinsic characteristic, and can be measured as cross elasticity of demand by employing statistical techniques such as covariance and correlation.

Goods classified by exclusivity and competitiveness

Fourfold model of goods

Goods can be classified based on their degree of excludability and rivalry (competitiveness). Considering excludability can be measured on a continuous scale, some goods  would not be able to fall into one of the four common categories used.

There are four types of goods based on the characteristics of rival in consumption and excludability: Public Goods, Private Goods, Common Resources, and Club Goods.  These four types plus examples for anti-rivalry appear in the accompanying table.

Public goods

Goods that are both non-rival and non-excludable are called public goods. In many cases, renewable resources, such as land, are common commodities but some of them are contained in public goods. Public goods are non-exclusive and non-competitive, meaning that individuals cannot be stopped from using them and anyone can consume this good without hindering the ability of others to consume them. Examples in addition to the ones in the matrix are national parks, or firework displays. It is generally accepted by mainstream economists that the market mechanism will under-provide public goods, so these goods have to be produced by other means, including government provision. Public goods can also suffer from the Free-Rider problem.

Private goods

Private goods are excludable goods, which prevent other consumers from consuming them. Private goods are also rivalrous because one good in private ownership cannot be used by someone else. That is to say, consuming some goods will deprive another consumer of the ability to consume the goods. Private goods are the most common type of goods.  They include what you have to get from the store. For examples food, clothing, cars, parking spaces,etc. An individual who consumes an apple denies another individual from consuming the same one. It is excludable because consumption is only offered to those willing to pay the price.

Common-pool resources

Common-pool resources are rival in consumption and non-excludable. An example is that of fisheries, which harvest fish from a shared common resource pool of fish stock. Fish caught by one group of fishermen are no longer accessible to another group, thus being rivalrous. However, oftentimes, due to an absence of well-defined property rights, it is difficult to restrict access to fishermen who may overfish.

Club goods

Club goods are excludable but not rivalrous in the consumption. That is, not everyone can use the good, but when one individual has claim to use it, they do not reduce the amount or the ability for others to consume the good. By joining a specific club or organization we can obtain club goods; As a result, some people are excluded because they are not members. Examples in addition to the ones in the matrix are cable television, golf courses, and any merchandise provided to club members. A large television service provider would already have infrastructure in place which would allow for the addition of new customers without infringing on existing customers viewing abilities. This would also mean that marginal cost would be close to zero, which satisfies the criteria for a good to be considered non-rival. However, access to cable TV services is only available to consumers willing to pay the price, demonstrating the excludability aspect.

Economists set these categories for these goods and their impact on consumers. The government is usually responsible for public goods and common goods, and enterprises are generally responsible for the production of private and club goods. But this pattern does not fit for all the goods as they can intermingle.

History of the fourfold model of goods

In 1977, Nobel winner Elinor Ostrom and her husband Vincent Ostrom proposed additional modifications to the existing classification of goods so to identify fundamental differences that affect the incentives facing individuals. Their definitions are presented on the matrix.

Elinor Ostrom proposed additional modifications to the classification of goods to identify fundamental differences that affect the incentives facing individuals

 Replacing the term "rivalry of consumption" with "subtractability of use".
 Conceptualizing subtractability of use and excludability to vary from low to high rather than characterizing them as either present or absent.
 Overtly adding a very important fourth type of good—common-pool resources—that shares the attribute of subtractability with private goods and difficulty of exclusion with public goods. Forests, water systems, fisheries, and the global atmosphere are all common-pool resources of immense importance for the survival of humans on this earth.
 Changing the name of a "club" good to a "toll" good since goods that share these characteristics are provided by small scale public as well as private associations.

Expansion of Fourfold model: Anti-rivalrous

Consumption can be extended to include "Anti-rivalrous" consumption.

Expansion of Fourfold model: Semi-Excludable

The additional definition matrix shows the four common categories alongside providing some examples of fully excludable goods, Semi-excludable goods and fully non-excludeable goods. Semi-excludable goods can be considered goods or services that a mostly successful in excluding non-paying customer, but are still able to be consumed by non-paying consumers.  An example of this is movies, books or video games that could be easily pirated and shared for free.

Trading of goods

Goods are capable of being physically delivered to a consumer. Goods that are economic intangibles can only be stored, delivered, and consumed by means of media.

Goods, both tangibles and intangibles, may involve the transfer of product ownership to the consumer. Services do not normally involve transfer of ownership of the service itself, but may involve transfer of ownership of goods developed or marketed by a service provider in the course of the service. For example, sale of storage related goods, which could consist of storage sheds, storage containers, storage buildings as tangibles or storage supplies such as boxes, bubble wrap, tape, bags and the like which are consumables, or distributing electricity among consumers is a service provided by an electric utility company. This service can only be experienced through the consumption of electrical energy, which is available in a variety of voltages and, in this case, is the economic goods produced by the electric utility company. While the service (namely, distribution of electrical energy) is a process that remains in its entirety in the ownership of the electric service provider, the goods (namely, electric energy) is the object of ownership transfer. The consumer becomes an electric energy owner by purchase and may use it for any lawful purposes just like any other goods.

See also

 Bad (economics)
 Commodification
 Fast-moving consumer goods
 Final goods
 Goods and services
 Intangible asset
 Intangible good
 List of economics topics
 Property
 Tangible property
 Service (economics)

Notes

References
 Bannock, Graham et al. (1997). Dictionary of Economics, Penguin Books.
 Milgate, Murray (1987), "goods and commodities," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 2, pp. 546–48. Includes historical and contemporary uses of the terms in economics.
 Vuaridel, R. (1968). Une définition des biens économiques. (A definition of economic goods). L'Année sociologique (1940/1948-), 19, 133-170. Stable JStor URL:

External links

Utility
Supply chain management
Microeconomics

Goods


Jan Beneš (* 26. März 1936; † 1. Juni 2007) war ein tschechischer Dichter, Übersetzer, Drehbuchautor und Publizist. Er benutzte die unter anderem die Pseudonyme Milan Štěpka, Bobisud Mihule, Mojmír Čada, Ing. Čada, JAB, JeBe, Světlana. Er schrieb Romane und einige historische Bücher.

Leben
Er studierte an der Kunstgewerbeschule in Prag.
Er war politischer Verfolgter des kommunistischen Regimes in der damaligen Tschechoslowakei und flüchtete 1969 kurz vor einer beabsichtigten Festnahme in die Vereinigten Staaten. Er kämpfte zehn Jahre lang um den Nachzug seiner zwei Kinder. In den Siebzigern lehrte er an der Harvard-Universität.
Er war Freiwilliger der US-Fliegerstaffel grünes Barett und arbeitete 20 Jahre lang für das dortige Verteidigungsministerium.

Nach dem Fall des Eisernen Vorhangs kehrte er 1993 in seine Heimat zurück.

Werk
 Kurzgeschichten
 Do vrabců jako když střelí, Naše Vojsko, Prag 1963
 Situace, 1963
 Disproporce, Čs. spisovatel, Prag 1965, teilweise verboten
 Na místě, Mladá fronta, Prag 1969, verboten
 Na místě, '68 Publishers, Toronto 1972
 Až se se mnou vyspíš, budeš plakat, Mladá fronta, Prag 1969, verboten
 Můj otec nepadl za nikoho, Melantrich, Prag 1969, verboten
 The Blind Mirror, 1971
 Banánové sny, Konfrontace, Zürich 1984
 Žádné kvítí, Rozmluvy, London 1986
 Svoboda nechodí v rudém šatě, Primus, Prag 1995
 Psové a jiné animálie, Primus, Prag 2004

 Romane
 Druhý dech, Melantrich, Prag 1969, Verteilung verboten
 Second Breath, Grossmann Press, New York 1969
 Druhý dech, Konfrontace, Zürich 1974 (erste tschechische Ausgabe)
 Druhý dech, Mladá fronta, Prag 2006
 Trojúhelník s Madonou, Naše Vojsko, Prag 1969, verboten
 Trojúhelník s Madonou, '68 Publishers, Toronto 1979
 Zelenou nahoru, '68 Publishers, Toronto 1977
 Indolence, Primus, Prag 1994
 Zelenou nahoru : kiss me, I am Bohemian, kriminaloidní sci-fiction přítomně minulé budoucnosti, Knižní klub, Prag 2001
 Smrt kmotřička, Elka Press, Prag 2001
 Balada o Ludimíru, Primus, Prag 1996
 Americká causerie: Čtení po Evropě, Primus, Prag 1997
 Americký pitaval, Čs. spisovatel, Prag 1997
 Jan Beneš; Josef Frolík: Střílející abatyše, Votobia, Prag 2001
 Moji výbušní zlotvoři, Votobia, Prag 2001

 Pädagogische Werke
 Ve znamení lva, historie čs. zahraničních armád, 1972, časopis ABC|časopise ABC, Prag 1991–94
 Always Dubiety, für die Moynihan Commission des Senates der Vereinigten Staaten, 1974
 The Geography and History of Czechoslovakia I.+II., für das Verteidigungsministerium der Vereinigten Staaten, 1986
 The Economical and Political Affairs in Contemporary Czechoslovakia, für das Verteidigungsministerium der Vereinigten Staaten, 1986
 Zločin genocidy: Litva v drtivém objetí velkého bratra SSSR 1939-1953, polnisch, Wuppertal 1989, Votobia, Prag 2001
 Ve znamení temna: sovětská špionážní a podvratná činnost proti Československu v letech 1918-1969: studijní materiál pro doplnění zápočtových seminářů FFUK (basierend auf den Vorarbeiten von  František August), Votobia, Praha 2001
 Čas voněl snem: stručný přehled dějin VKS(b): doplňkový studijní materiál, Primus, Prag 2004

Weblinks

 Schriftsteller Jan Benes verstorben, Nachruf von Martina Schneibergová, Radio Prag, 5. Juni 2007

Einzelnachweise

Publizist
Autor
Literatur (Tschechisch)
Roman, Epik
Kurzgeschichte
Übersetzer
Drehbuchautor
Sachbuchautor (Pädagogik und Psychologie)
Dissident (Tschechoslowakei)
Tscheche
Geboren 1936
Gestorben 2007
Mann

Jan Beneš (Schriftsteller, 1936)


Krisztián Pars (18 de febrero de 1982, Körmend, Hungría) es un atleta húngaro que es especialista en el lanzamiento de martillo. Fue medalla de plata en el Campeonato Mundial de 2011, por detrás del japonés Koji Murofushi, oro en el europeo de Helsinki 2012, medalla de oro en Londres 2012  y de nuevo plata en el Campeonato Mundial celebrado en Moscú en 2013, siendo superado por el polaco Paweł Fajdek.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Atletas de Hungría
Atletas en los Juegos Olímpicos de Atenas 2004
Atletas en los Juegos Olímpicos de Pekín 2008
Atletas en los Juegos Olímpicos de Londres 2012
Atletas en los Juegos Olímpicos de Río de Janeiro 2016
Medallistas olímpicos de oro de atletismo
Medallistas olímpicos de oro de Hungría
Medallistas olímpicos de oro de Londres 2012
Deportistas de Hungría en los Juegos Olímpicos de Atenas 2004
Deportistas de Hungría en los Juegos Olímpicos de Pekín 2008
Lanzadores de martillo
Húngaros del siglo XXI

Krisztián Pars


ناظم السطح أو الناظم أو عمود السطح  على سطح مستوي هو متجه عمودي على ذلك السطح. والناظم على سطح غير مستوي عند نقطة P هو متجه عمودي على السطح المماس لذلك السطح عند النقطة P.

في الفضاء ثنائي الأبعاد، يشطر الخط الناظم الخط المماس للمنحني عن نقطة التماس.

يستخدم الناظم في الرسوميات الحاسوبية لتحديد اتجاه السطح بالنسبة للمنبع الضوئي من أجل التظليل (flat shading)، أو اتجاه الزوايا (نقطة هندسية) لمحاكاة السطح المنحني باستخدام تظليل فونغ.

ناظم سطح في فضاء ثلاثي الأبعاد

مراجع

برمجيات
حساب المتجهات
رسوميات حاسوبية ثلاثية الأبعاد
سطوح

ناظم سطح


أنو سيروس (Άνω Σύρος) هي مدينة في كيكلاديس في مقاطعة جنوب إيجة في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 1021 نسمة.

مراجع

مدن اليونان
أماكن مأهولة في سيروس

أنو سيروس


Tolmács ist eine ungarische Gemeinde im Kreis Rétság im Komitat  Nógrád. Sie liegt ungefähr zwei Kilometer westlich von Rétság.

Gemeindepartnerschaft
  Fitod, Rumänien, seit 2009

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Römisch-katholische Kirche Szent Lőrinc, erbaut 1851–1854
 Kalvarienberg
 Landhaus Szentiványi (Szentiványi kúria), erbaut im 18. Jahrhundert
 Alte Weinkeller

Verkehr
Durch Tolmács verläuft die Nebenstraße Nr. 12121. Die Gemeinde liegt an der Bahnstrecke Diósjenő-Romhány. Der Personenverkehr auf dieser Strecke wurde jedoch im Jahr 2007 eingestellt, so dass Reisende den etwa sechs Kilometer westlich gelegenen Bahnhof in Diósjenő nutzen müssen.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website ()
 Tolmács bei Magyarország helységnévtára (ungarisch)

Ort im Komitat Nógrád

Tolmács


Olga Evegeneva Veliciko (în ; ) este o fostă scrimeră specializată pe floretă, care a reprezentat Uniunea Sovietică, Echipa Unificată, și Rusia. A fost campioană mondială pe echipe în 1986 și la individual în 1989.

După ce s-a retras din activitatea competițională, a devenit antrenoară de scrimă. Activează în prezent la clubul școlar (СДЮСШОР) din Himki.

Este căsătorită cu fostul floretist Anvar Ibraghimov. Împreună au un copii, Kamil, dublu campion mondial pe echipe la sabie.

Referințe

Oameni din Vladikavkaz
Scrimeri sovietici
Scrimeri olimpici ruși
Scrimeri olimpici din Echipa Unificată
Scrimeri la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1992
Scrimeri la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1996
Floretiști
Antrenori de scrimă ruși

Olga Veliciko


Alicia Escalante é uma ativista chicana que atuou durante o movimento chicano. Escalante foi a fundadora e presidente da Organização de Direitos de Segurança Social Chicana de Los Angeles Ocidental ("East Los Angeles Chicana Welfare Rights Organization" ou CWRO, em inglês) de 1967 a 1978.

Primeiros anos
Alicia Escalante nasceu Alicia Lara em El Paso, Texas, em 1933. Ela era a segunda mais velha de sete filhos. A mãe de Escalante acabou por deixar o seu pai abusivo. Aos doze anos, Escalante fugiu em busca da sua mãe, eventualmente reunindo-se com ela em Boyle Heights, Los Angeles Oriental. Os tempos eram difíceis para a família, e a cevada sobreviveu com pouca assistência da segurança social. Ela foi curada de uma perda auditiva por um médico que doou os seus serviços.

Atividades públicas
Em 1967, Escalante formou a Organização de Direitos de Segurança Social Chicana de Los Angeles Ocidental, uma organização dedicada a ajudar a comunidade de língua espanhola em particular. Defendendo e representando os beneficiários da assistência social através da implementação das leis existentes que eram os direitos dos beneficiários para começar. Ela também defendeu novos direitos em relação à tradução de inglês, cuidados infantis e formação profissional e implementação de Ações Afirmativas.

Escalante foi uma das trinta e cinco presas no protesto sentado ("sit-in", em inglês) do Conselho de Educação de 1968 em favor da reintegração de Sal Castro. Ela participou da Campanha dos Povos Pobres de 1968. Organizando mães solteiras da comunidade com filhos junto com os seus próprios filhos e viajando de autocarro Grey Hound de Los Angeles (Califórnia) para Washington D.C. Ela participou na Demonstração em Massa à Meia-noite Catolicos Por Mi Raza de 1969 na Igreja de Saint Basils, junto com os seus filhos e foi presa e condenada a 30 dias de prisão. Ela foi encorajada por Corky Gonzales em 1969-1970 a estabelecer a CWRO na comunidade chicanade Denver Co. E participou em atividades e eventos com Crusade For Justice e Esquela Tlatelolco. Ela participou nas Moratórias Chicanas de 1969 e fevereiro de 1970, e agosto de 1970. Ela participou numa World Hunger Tour de 1969 para mulheres, tendo sido escolhida e patrocinada pela Igreja Presbiteriana.

Em 1973, o Encuentro Femenil publicou o ensaio de Escalante intitulado "Uma Carta da Organização de Direitos de Segurança Social Chicana" ("A Letter from The Chicana Welfare Rights Organization", em inglês). Em entrevista posterior, Adelaida Del Castillo, Editora Associada da revista, citou a publicação da carta como um evento significativo na história da revista. Ela caracterizou Escalante como parte do feminismo chicano. Nesse mesmo ano, Escalante foi retratada num mural criado por Mario R Gonzales na Universidade de Houston intitulado La Marcha Por La Humanidad ao lado de outros líderes do Movimento Chicano como Corky Gonzales, José Ángel Gutiérrez e Reyes Lopez Tijerina.

Em 2009 ela foi reconhecida pelo Comité Nacional Moratória Chicana pelo seu trabalho.

Referências

Norte-americanos de ascendência mexicana
Ativistas dos Estados Unidos

Alicia Escalante


روبرتو دو كارمو  أو روبيرتينهو ، مدرب كرة قدم برازيلي ولد في ريو دي جانيرو يوم 22 يونيو 1960.

يدرب نادي الملعب التونسي منذ عام 2007.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة القدم البرازيليون
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
برازيليون مغتربون في أوغندا
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في الكويت
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في أنغولا
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في تنزانيا
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في تونس
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في رواندا
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في قطر
رياضيون من مدينة ريو دي جانيرو
لاعبو الدوري البرازيلي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو أتليتيكو مينيرو
لاعبو بالميراس
لاعبو بوتافوغو
لاعبو فلامينغو
لاعبو فلومينينسي
لاعبو كرة قدم برازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم من ريو دي جانيرو
لاعبو كرة قدم من مدينة ريو دي جانيرو
لاعبو منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي إنترناسيونال
لاعبو نادي سبورت دي ريسيفه
لاعبو نادي ناسيونال
مدربو الدوري البرازيلي الدرجة الأولى
مدربو الملعب القابسي
مدربو سنترو سبورتيفو ألاجنو
مدربو فلومينينسي
مدربو كرة قدم برازيليون
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون برازيليون
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في الإمارات العربية المتحدة
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في الكويت
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في أنغولا
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في أوغندا
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في تنزانيا
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في تونس
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في رواندا
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في قطر
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في كينيا
مدربو نادي الشمال
مدربو نادي الملعب التونسي
مدربو نادي أمريكا (ريو دي جانيرو)
مدربو نادي ريو برانكو
مدربو نادي كاظمة
مواليد 1960
مواليد في ريو دي جانيرو
برازيليون مغتربون في كينيا
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في أوغندا

روبرتو دو كارمو


Ahmet Dursun (d. 25 Ocak 1978, Almanya), Türk eski millî futbolcudur. Futbola SG Wattenscheid 09'da başlayan futbolcu, 1996'da Kocaelispor'a transfer olarak Türkiye kariyerine başladı. 1999-2003 arasında bir lig şampiyonluğu yaşadığı Beşiktaş kariyeriyle zirve yaptı. Çin ve Azerbaycan'da da futbol oynayan Dursun, 2014 yılında profesyonel kariyerine nokta koymuş, 2016'da amatör olarak futbola geri dönmüş ve 2018 yılında memleketi Tokatspor'da futbolu bırakmıştır.

Kulüp kariyeri

Almanya ve Kocaelispor
Almanya'da Dayısı Kurtuluş Şahin'in desteği üzeri futbola başlayan Ahmet Dursun, 1995-96 sezonunda 2. Bundesliga ekibi SG Wattenscheid 09'da yer aldı. 20 Nisan 1996'da ilk maçına 1. FSV Mainz 05 karşısında çıktı. İlk sezonunda dört maç forma şansı buldu. 1996-97 sezonunda SG Wattenscheid 09 takımından Mustafa Denizli yönetimindeki Kocaelispor'a transfer oldu ve bu dönemde genç millî takıma çağrıldı. 15 Eylül 1996'da Zeytinburnuspor karşısında ilk Süper Lig maçına çıktı. 27 Kasım 1996'da Çanakkale Dardanel'i 3-0 yendikleri Türkiye Kupası maçında ilk profesyonel golünü attı. O sezonun sonunda bu kupayı kaldırmayı başardılar. Bu kupa da Dursun'un kariyerinin ilk kupasıydı. Ancak sezonun ikinci yarısında tecrübe kazanması Kocaelispor PAF takımına geçti.

1997-98 sezonunda Holger Osieck, Dursun'u takıma monte etti. Sezon içinde oynadığı ilk maçta ligdeki ilk golünü MKE Ankaragücü'ne attı. 1999-2000 sezonunda Beşiktaş'a transfer oldu. 28 Temmuz 1999'da Hapoel Haifa ile oynanan UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi ön eleme maçında ilk kez Beşiktaşlı formayı giydi. 7 Ağustos 1999'da Gençlerbirliği ile oynanan maçta ise ilk kez Beşiktaş ile lig maçına çıktı. Bir hafta sonra ise İnönü Stadı'nda oynadığı ilk lig maçında Samsunspor'a hat-trick yapıp, Beşiktaş'taki ilk gollerini kaydetti. İlk sezonunda oynadığı 30 lig maçında 21 gol atarak başarılı bir performans gösterdi. O sezon Dursun'un Beşiktaş'taki en golcü sezonuydu. O dönemde ligde ve Avrupa'da fazla başarılı olmayan Beşiktaş taraftarları başkan Süleyman Seba'ya tepkisini "Ahmet Dursun, Seba gitsin" tezahüratlarıyla göstermişti. 2000-01 sezonunda Dursun, ligde 12 gol atmayı başardı. O sezon Beşiktaş'ın iki ön eleme turunda da başarılı olması sayesinde Dursun, ilk kez Şampiyonlar Ligi gruplarında forma şansı yakaladı. Dursun'un kariyerinin en önemli maçlarından biri 19 Eylül 2000'de Barcelona ile oynanan grup maçıydı. Beşiktaş'ın güçlü rakibini 3-0 yendiği maçta, Dursun iki gol atarak dikkat çekti. 2001-02 sezonunun başında ise sakatlanıp sahalardan birkaç ay uzak kaldı. Daha az maç oynamasına rağmen bir önceki sezonki gibi 12 gole ulaşmayı başardı. 7'de ilk Avrupa maçına çıktı ve National Bucarest ile oynanan UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası maçında forma giydi. O sezon oynadığı 25 lig maçında oyuna genellikle sonradan dahil olmasına rağmen 10 gol atma başarısı gösterdi. Başarılı performansını bir sonraki sezon da devam ettirdi.

Beşiktaş JK

Beşiktaş'ın 100. yılında takımın forvetlerinden biri olarak kullanılan Dursun, 23 maçta attığı sekiz golle kariyerinin ilk ve tek şampiyonluğunu yaşadı. Ayrıca UEFA Kupası çeyrek final başarısı gösteren takıma bu kupada üç gol atarak katkıda bulundu. 2003-04 sezonu başında teknik direktör Mircea Lucescu, Dursun'u ilk üç hafta ilk 11'de sahaya sürdü ancak beklediği performansı alamyan Lucescu, futbolcuyu daha sonraki maçlarda oyuna sonradan dahil etti. Ancak ligde ve iki maç forma giydiği UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi'nde forma şansı bulamadı. Takım arkadaşı Federico Giunti ile giriştiği kavga da Dursun'un Beşiktaş kariyerine büyük darbe vurdu. Futbolcu Giunti ile kavga ettiğini ve ona deodorant şişesi fırlattığını kabul etti. Bu olay sonrasında Beşiktaş, disiplinsiz davranışlarından ötürü Ahmet Dursun'un sözleşmesini Aralık ayında fesh etti.

Tianjin Teda
2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası sonrası Uzak Doğu marketinde Türk futbolcuları karşı gösterdiği ilginin artmasıyla Ahmet Dursun da Çin ekibi Tianjin Teda ile anlaştı ve Nisan ayında yeni sezon öncesi takımına katıldı. Sezonun ilk hazırlık maçında Dursun, takımı adına bir gol kaydetti. Ancak bunun devamı gelmedi ve devre arasına kadar yalnızca üç maçta şans bulup, golle buluşamadı. Çin'e alışmakta zorluk çeken futbolcu 2004 yazında takımdan ayrıldı ve Türkiye'ye dönmeye karar verdi.

İstanbulspor
2004-05 sezonu öncesi eski takımı Beşiktaş ile deneme antrenmanlarına çıkan ancak teknik direktör Vicente del Bosque'nin beğenmediği Dursun, transferin son gününde İstanbulspor ile bir yıllık sözleşme imzaladı. Türkiye'ye golle dönen futbolcu İstanbulspor forması ile çıktığı ilk maçta Galatasaray'a bir gol attı. Yarım sezon kaldığı İstanbulspor'da beş gol ile eski formunu tekrar yakaladığını gösterdi.

Beşiktaş'a dönüş
Dursun, Ocak 2005'te yeniden Beşiktaş'a transfer oldu. İkinci Beşiktaş dönemi 1,5 sezon süren Dursun, ligde sadece iki golle buluştu. Beşiktaş'taki ikinci döneminin tesellisi 2005 yılında kazandıkları Türkiye Kupası oldu. Dursun, iki maç forma giydiği bu turnuvada bir gol kaydetmişti. Konyaspor'a attığı bu gol de Beşiktaş için attığı son goldü. Rıza Çalımbay döneminde Souleymane Youla'nın daha fazla forma şansı bulmasıyla Dursun, motivasyonunu kaybederken, Çalımbay'ın yerine gelen Jean Tigana'nın yeni transferler Bobo ve Gökhan Güleç'e görev verip Dursun'u planlarına dahil edilmemesiyle de sezon sonu Beşiktaş'tan ayrıldı.

Sonraki yıllar
2006-07 sezonunde sürpriz bir şekilde 2. Lig'de mücadele eden Etimesgut Şekerspor'a transfer oldu. Eski takım arkadaşları Sergen Yalçın, Tamer Tuna ve Ahmet Yıldırım ile gittikleri bu takımda oynadığı 11 maçta altı gol kaydederek ligin seviyesinin çok üstünde olduğunu gösterdi. Ancak takımın finansal anlamda verdiği sözleri tutmaması nedeniyle devre arasında tekrar Süper Lig'e dönerek Antalyaspor'la anlaştı. Antalyaspor'da 11 maç forma giyip, iki gol kaydeden futbolcu takımının küme düşmesine engel olamadı. Sezon sonunda Süper Lig'e Ankaragücü forması ile geri döndü. Ancak sadece ilk maçında gol kaydedebilen futbolcu devre arasında ilk deneyimlerini yaşadığı Kocaelispor takımına transfer oldu. Eski gol sayılarına ulaşamasa da sezonun ikinci yarısında Kocaelispor'un değişmezlerinden olan futbolcu, ilk kez forma giydiği 1. Lig'ta şampiyonluk yaşadı ve takımı Süper Lig'e yükseldi. 2008-09 sezonu Dursun'un son kez Süper Lig'de forma giydiği dönem oldu. Yarım sezonda sekiz maçta üç gol kaydetti.

Şubat 2009'da bir kez daha yurtdışına çıkan futbolcu Azerbaycan'ın Hazar Lenkeran takımında oynadı. Burada 10 lig maçında beş gol atarak, iyi bir performans gösterdi.

2010-11 sezonu için 1. Lig takımlarından Adanaspor'un yolunu tuttu. 2010-11 sezonunun devre arası transfer döneminde ise 2. Lig Kırmızı Grup ekiplerinden olan Eyüpspor ile 1.5 yıllık anlaşmaya imza atmıştır. Burada 10 Ocak 2012 tarihinde sakatlıklardan dolayı kariyerine nokta koyduğunu açıkladı. Ahmet Dursun 3 Ocak 2014'ten itibaren futbol hayatına devam edeceğini açıkladı. Burada 3 maça çıkan Dursun aktif futbolculuk hayatını burada sonlandırdı.

2015-16 sezonu devre arasında bu sefer amatör olarak sahalara dönme kararı alan Dursun, eski Galatasaray'lı Evren Turhan ile birlikte 2. Amatör Lig ekibi Büyükdere SK ile anlaştı. Sakatlığı nedeniyle bir süre forma şansı bulamasa da oynadığı ilk maçta futbolcu golle buluşmayı başardı.

Tokatspor
Ahmet Dursun, Haziran 2018'de Tokatspor'un yönetim kuruluna seçildi. Ahmet Dursun, 40 yaşında futbola yeniden dönme kararı aldı ve 2. Lig ekiplerinden Tokatspor ile transfer döneminin son gününde 1 yıllık sözleşme imzaladı. 1 Kasım 2018'de, Spor Toto 2. Lig Kırmızı Grup takımlarından Tokatspor, takımın sportif direktörlük görevini de üstlenen Ahmet Dursun ile yollarını ayırdığını açıkladı.

Millî takım kariyeri
Dursun, 1994'ten itibaren çeşitli seviyelerde Türk millî takımı forması giydi. 1998 yılında Türkiye 21 yaş altı millî futbol takımı forması giymeye başladı. 2000 Avrupa 21 Yaş Altı Futbol Şampiyonası eleme maçlarında yedi maçta forma giyip, bir gol attı. Türkiye, Almanya gibi bir ülkeyi geride bırakarak tarihinde finallere kaldı. Dursun, final kadrosuna dahil edildi. İlk grup maçında ev sahibi Slovakya'ya 2-1 yenildikleri maçta bir gol attı. Diğer grup aşamasında da oynadı ama bir üst tura çıkamadılar.

2000 yılında Türkiye'deki ilk hocası Mustafa Denizli'nin çalıştırdığı Türkiye millî futbol takımına ilk kez çağrıldı ve 23 Şubat 2000'de Norveç ile oynanan hazırlık maçında ilk kez forma şansı buldu. O sene iki kez A millî olan futbolcu, millî formayı daha sonra terletemedi.

Futbolculuk sonrası
2014 Mart'ından itibaren Star TV'de yayınlanan Survivor'da, ünlüler takımında yer almıştır. Yarışmada 111 gün kaldıktan sonra Merve Aydın'la birlikte 3. olmuştur. 22 Şubat 2015 tarihinden itibaren Survivor All-Star'a katılmış fakat sağlık problemi nedeniyle 17 Mart 2015 tarihinde çekilmek zorunda kaldı.

Başarılar

Kocaelispor
 Türkiye Kupası (1): 1997
 1. Lig (1): 2008

Beşiktaş
 Süper Lig (1): 2003
 Türkiye Kupası (1): 2006

Katıldığı Yarıșmalar

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 * weltfussball.de İnternet Sitesi - Futbolcu Ahmet Dursun Profili

1978 doğumlular
Gelsenkirchen doğumlular
Türk erkek futbolcular
Resim aranan futbolcular
Türk gurbetçi futbolcular
Beşiktaş JK futbolcuları
Eyüpspor futbolcuları
Adanaspor futbolcuları
Hazar Lenkeran FK futbolcuları
Kocaelispor futbolcuları
Türkiye millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Türkiye 21 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
Süper Lig futbolcuları
Turanspor futbolcuları
1. Lig futbolcuları
Azerbaycan Premyer Ligası futbolcuları
Çin'deki gurbetçi futbolcular
Azerbaycan'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Çin'deki Türk gurbetçiler
Azerbaycan'daki Türk gurbetçiler
Antalyaspor futbolcuları
Forvet futbolcular
Survivor yarışmacıları

Ahmet Dursun


الكومون  هو نوع من أنواع الكيمونو يكثر فيه نقش صغير ومكرر في أرجاء الثوب، يعتبر هذا الكيمونو بسيط وعادي يمكن لبسه والمشي به في أرجاء البلدة، أو يُلبَس مع أوبي حسن المنظر لأجل وجبة في مطعم، يمكن لكل من المرأة المتزوجة وغير المتزوجة لبس هذا النوع من الكيمونو.

بالمقارنة مع هوومونغي وتسوكيساغه التي تتركز فيها النقوش في النصف العلوي وعند الأكتاف، فإن كومون تتوزع فيه الرسوم على كامل الثوب، لذا فإنه من غير الممكن ارتداؤه في المناسبات الرسمية أو الاحتفالات.

ملابس يابانية

كومون


(4091) Lowe ist ein Hauptgürtelasteroid, der am 7. Oktober 1986 von Ted Bowell vom Lowell-Observatorium aus entdeckt wurde.

Weblinks

Hauptgürtelasteroid unter 50 km Durchmesser

(4091) Lowe


Le pico da Tijuca est une montagne culminant à  d'altitude dans la forêt de Tijuca, à Rio de Janeiro. Il est le deuxième point le plus élevé de la zone urbaine de Rio de Janeiro après le pico da Pedra Branca.

Le pico da Tijuca est situé au milieu du parc national de la Tijuca et est accessible par un sentier de randonnée circulaire de 10 km de long. Devant le sommet se trouve un escalier de 117 marches directement exposé au soleil. Selon la légende, il a été créé pour le roi belge Albert  lors de sa visite à Rio de Janeiro en 1920. Le sommet offre une vue complète à 360 degrés sur la zone urbaine de Rio de Janeiro.

Notes et références

Tijuca
Tijuca
Géographie de Rio de Janeiro

Pic de Tijuca


Yeni Emperyalizm, 1870 Fransa-Prusya Savaşı ile I. Dünya Savaşı arasındaki dönemde Avrupalı güçlü devletler tarafından yapılan kolonileşme türü yayılmacılığa sahip Emperyalizm.

20. yüzyılda ABD ve Japonya'da kolonileşme hareketleri ile yeni sömürgeciliğe dahil olmuştur. Denizaşırı bölgelerin ele geçirilmesindeki saldırgan rekabet ve kolonileştirilen ülkelerde ırk üstünlüğünü ileri sürerek, bölge halklarının kendi kendini yönetmeye uygun olmadığı doktrininin ortaya çıkması ile ayrılır.

2 Aralık 1823 tarihinde ABD Başkanı James Monroe, Monroe Doktrini ile borçlarını ödeyemeyen Latin Amerika ülkelerine müdahale etmeyi öngörmüştür.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Britanya İmparatorluğu hakkında kapsamlı bilgi (İngilizce)

19. yüzyıl
Afrika'nın sömürgeleştirilmesi

Yeni Sömürgecilik


Baron Kensington is a title that has been created three times, in the Peerages of England, Ireland and the United Kingdom.

English title (1623)

The first creation came in the Peerage of England in 1623 when the Honourable Henry Rich was made Baron Kensington. He was the younger son of Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick (see Earl of Warwick for earlier history of the Rich family). Henry was made Earl of Holland in 1624. His son, the second Earl, succeeded as 5th Earl of Warwick on the death of his cousin in 1673. These titles all became extinct on the death of Edward Rich, 5th Baron Kensington, 5th Earl Holland and 8th Earl Warwick, in 1759 (see Earl of Warwick for a more detailed description of the descent of the titles). The barony was revived in 1776 for a female-line grandson of the fifth Earl of Warwick (see below).

Irish title (1776)

Lady Elizabeth Rich, only daughter of Robert Rich, 5th Earl of Warwick, married Francis Edwardes, Member of Parliament for Haverfordwest from 1722 to 1725, and the member of a family which owned extensive lands in Pembrokeshire, Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire. Their son William Edwardes represented Haverfordwest in the House of Commons for over fifty years. He succeeded to the Rich family estates (including Holland House in Kensington, although this was sold to Henry Fox in 1768) on the death of the last of Earl of Warwick and Holland in 1759. In 1776 the barony of Kensington attached to the earldom of Holland was revived when he was made Baron Kensington in the Peerage of Ireland. The first Baron was succeeded by his son, William, the second Baron, who also represented Haverfordwest in Parliament. The second Baron's son, William, the third Baron, served as Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire. The third Baron was succeeded by his son, the fourth Baron.

UK title (1886)
William Edwardes, 4th Baron Kensington, sat as Liberal Member of Parliament for Haverfordwest from 1868 to 1885 and served as a government whip under William Ewart Gladstone from 1880 to 1885. In 1886, he was created Baron Kensington, of Kensington in the County of Middlesex, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which gave the holder an automatic seat in the House of Lords up until 1999. His eldest son, the fifth Baron of the Irish Peerage, who now also became the second Baron of the United Kingdom Peerage, served in the Second Boer War and died from wounds received in action in June 1900. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the sixth and third Baron. He was a Colonel in the Territorial Army and also fought in South Africa as well as in the First World War.  the titles are held by his grandson, the eighth and fifth Baron, who succeeded his uncle in 1981.

Baron Kensington, first creation (1623)
Henry Rich, 1st Baron Kensington (1590–1649) (created Earl of Holland in 1624)

Earl Holland (1624)
Henry Rich, 1st Earl Holland (1590–1649)
Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Holland, 5th Earl of Warwick (c. 1620 – 1675) (inherited the title of Earl of Warwick in 1673)
Edward Rich, 3rd Earl of Holland, 6th Earl of Warwick (1673–1701)
Edward Henry Rich, 4th Earl of Holland, 7th Earl of Warwick (1697–1721)
Edward Henry Rich, 5th Earl of Holland, 8th Earl of Warwick (1695–1759)

Baron Kensington, second and third creations (1776, 1886)
William Edwardes, 1st Baron Kensington (–1801)
William Edwardes, 2nd Baron Kensington (1777–1852)
William Edwardes, 3rd Baron Kensington (1801–1872)
William Edwardes, 4th Baron Kensington, 1st Baron Kensington of Kensington (1835–1896)
William Edwardes, 5th Baron Kensington, 2nd Baron Kensington of Kensington (1868–1900)
Hugh Edwardes, 6th Baron Kensington, 3rd Baron Kensington of Kensington (1873–1938)
William Edwardes, 7th Baron Kensington, 4th Baron Kensington of Kensington (1904–1981)
Hugh Ivor Edwardes, 8th Baron Kensington, 5th Baron Kensington of Kensington (1933–2018)
William Owen Alexander Edwardes, 9th Baron Kensington, 6th Baron Kensington of Kensington (born 1964)
The heir apparent is the present baron's son, William Francis Ivor Edwardes (born 1993).

Family tree

See also
Earl of Warwick (1618 creation)
Earl of Holland

References

Book cited
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

Whittakers Almanac (2011)

External links

Baronies in the Peerage of Ireland
Noble titles created in 1776
Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1886
Noble titles created for UK MPs
Extinct baronies in the Peerage of Ireland
Noble titles created in 1623

Baron Kensington


Night on Earth is a 1991 film directed by Jim Jarmusch.

Night on Earth may also refer to:

Night on Earth (TV series), a British nature documentary
Night on Earth (soundtrack), the soundtrack album from the Jarmusch film, written by Tom Waits
Night on Earth (Dawn of Relic album), a 2005 album by black metal band Dawn of Relic
A Night on Earth, an album by Crazy Penis

See also
 Last Night on Earth (disambiguation)

Night on Earth (disambiguation)


Fuchsmühle ist ein Gemeindeteil der Großen Kreisstadt Rothenburg ob der Tauber im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Die Einöde liegt an der Tauber. 0,3 km westlich steht ein Bismarckdenkmal. Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Kaiserstuhl (0,2 km südwestlich) bzw. zur Staatsstraße 1020 bei der Bronnenmühle (0,6 km nördlich). Im Ort steht eine Linde, die als Naturdenkmal ausgezeichnet ist.

Geschichte
Die Mühle wurde 1447 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jahrhundert) wurde der Ort dem Steuerdistrikt und der Munizipalgemeinde Rothenburg ob der Tauber zugeordnet.

Die Fuchsmühle ist mit kurzer Unterbrechung von 1989 bis 2010 ununterbrochen in Betrieb. Heute dient sie zur Stromerzeugung. Seit 1999 befindet sich in der Mühle eine Pension mit Café.

Baudenkmal
 Taubertalweg 101, 103 a/c: Fuchsmühle, Hauptgebäude mit Innenraum mit Längsbalken, 15./16. Jahrhundert; Nebengebäude von 1832. Es sind große Teile der Mühlentechnik erhalten geblieben, z. B. das Getriebe von ca. 1900, sechs Walzenstühle ein Steinmahlgang sowie mehrere Plansichter.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Jakob (Rothenburg ob der Tauber) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession sind nach St. Johannis (Rothenburg ob der Tauber) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Ortsteil von Rothenburg ob der Tauber
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Einzelsiedlung
Ort an der Tauber
Ersterwähnung 1447

Fuchsmühle (Rothenburg ob der Tauber)


Campeche er fylki á Júkatanskaga í suðaustur-Mexíkó. Flatarmál þess er um 57.000 ferkílómetrar og eru íbúar um 930.000 (2020). Höfuðborgin heitir einnig Campeche. Hún var mikilvæg höfn Nýja Spáns. Frá 1970 gerði olíufundur undan ströndum Campeche auðugra. Eins og annars staðar á Júkatanskaga má finna regnskóga og fornminjar majaveldisins þar.

Fylki Mexíkó

Campeche


2004-2008

2004-2007

În urma alegerilor locale din 2004:

Primar: Iuliu Ilyés (UDMR)

2007-2008

În urma excluderii Partidului Democrat din Guvernul Tăriceanu:

Primar: Iuliu Ilyés (UDMR)

2008-2012

În urma alegerilor locale din 2008:

Primar: Iuliu Ilyés (UDMR)

2012-2016

2012-2014

În urma alegerilor locale din 2012, până în luna februarie a anului 2014:

Primar: Coica Costel Dorel (USL)

2014 (februarie-iunie)
În urma dizolvării alianței USL, după 24 februarie 2014:

Primar: Costel Dorel Coica (PSD)

2014 (iulie-noiembrie)

În urma înființări Partidului Liberal Reformator și trecerii de la PNL la PLR a 3 consilieri locali, după 3 iulie 2014:

Primar: Costel Dorel Coica (PSD)

2014-2015

În urma fuziunii Partidului Național Liberal cu Partidul Democrat Liberal, începând cu luna noiembrie a anului 2014:

Primar: Costel Dorel Coica (PSD)

2015 - 2016

În urma înființării Partidului Alianța Liberalilor și Democraților prin fuziunea Partidului Liberal Reformator cu Partidul Conservator, între 19 iunie 2015 și 5 iunie 2016:

Primar: Costel Dorel Coica (PSD)

2016-2020

În urma alegerilor locale din 2016:

Primar: Gábor Kereskényi (UDMR)

2020-2024

În urma alegerilor locale din 2020:

Primar: Gábor Kereskényi (UDMR)

Satu Mare

Componența istorică a Consiliului Local Satu Mare