The Miracles (also known as Smokey Robinson and the Miracles from 1965 to 1972) were an American vocal group that was the first successful recording act for Berry Gordy's Motown Records, and one of the most important and most influential groups in pop, rock and roll, soul and R&B music history.

Referred to as Motown's "soul supergroup", the Miracles recorded more than 50 chart hits, including 26 Top 40 pop hits, 16 of which reached the Billboard Top 20, seven Top 10 singles, and a number-one single ("The Tears of a Clown") while the Robinsons and Tarplin were members. Following the departure of Tarplin and the Robinsons, the rest of the group continued with singer Billy Griffin and managed by Martin Pichinson, who helped rebuild the Miracles. They scored two final Top 20 singles, "Do It Baby" and "Love Machine", a second No. 1 hit, which topped the charts before the group departed for Columbia Records in 1977. Recording as a quintet at Columbia with Billy's brother Donald Griffin replacing Marv Tarplin, after a few releases, they disbanded in 1978. In all, the group had more than fifty charted hits by the time they disbanded, and have won numerous music industry awards, including four songs inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and several BMI and ASCAP Songwriters' Awards.

On the R&B charts, the Miracles scored 26 Top 10 Billboard R&B hits, with four R&B No. 1's, and 11 U.S. R&B Top 10 Albums, including two No. 1's. Bobby Rogers and Ronald White revived the group as a touring ensemble sporadically during the 1980s and again in the 1990s. Following White's death in 1995, Rogers continued to tour with different members until he was forced into retirement due to health issues in 2011, dying less than two years later. Smokey Robinson was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist in 1987, and much controversy ensued over the Miracles' omission from the Hall. The Miracles were finally inducted into the Hall of Fame by lead singer Robinson in 2012.

History

Initial career and success
The group that later became the Miracles was formed in 1955 by five teenage friends from Detroit, Michigan, under the name the Five Chimes. Three of the founding members,  Smokey Robinson, Warren "Pete" Moore, and Ronnie White,  had been singing together since they each were around the age of eleven. The group, influenced by acts such as Billy Ward and His Dominoes and Nolan Strong & the Diablos, featured Clarence Dawson and James Grice in the original lineup. All of the group's original members attended Northern High School in Detroit. After Dawson quit the group and Grice dropped out to get married, they were replaced by Emerson "Sonny" Rogers and his cousin Bobby and changed their name to the Matadors. Coincidentally, both Smokey Robinson and Bobby Rogers were born in the same hospital on the same date (February 19, 1940), despite not actually meeting each other until they were fifteen. In 1957, Sonny Rogers left to join the United States Army and Claudette Rogers, his sister, who had been singing with the sister group the Matadorettes, joined them shortly afterwards, and in 1958, the group became the Miracles. Following two years of courtship, Smokey and Claudette married in November 1959.

The group's extensive work with Berry Gordy and Tamla Records gave the parent label Motown Record Corporation its first million-selling hit record with the 1960 Grammy Hall of Fame smash, "Shop Around", and further established themselves as one of Motown's top acts with the hit singles "You've Really Got a Hold on Me", "What's So Good About Goodbye", "Way Over There", "I'll Try Something New",  "Mickey's Monkey", "Going to a Go-Go", "(Come 'Round Here) I'm the One You Need", "The Love I Saw in You Was Just a Mirage", "If You Can Want", "More Love", "I Don't Blame You at All", "Ooo Baby Baby", the multi-award-winning "The Tracks of My Tears", "My Girl Has Gone", "Special Occasion", "I Second That Emotion", "Baby Baby Don't Cry", the number-one Pop smashes "The Tears of a Clown" and "Love Machine", "Do It Baby", and "That's What Love Is Made Of", among numerous other hits.

The group auditioned for Brunswick Records in front of Alonzo Tucker (an original member of the Midnighters who had since left the group to join Jackie Wilson's management team), Nat Tarnopol (Jackie Wilson's manager) and one of the label's staff songwriters, Berry Gordy, who remained quiet during the audition. Tucker was unimpressed by the audition, stating that because there was the Platters that "there couldn't be two groups in America like that with a woman in the group." After the Tarnopol and Tucker rejection, Gordy followed them and soon agreed to work with the group after discovering Robinson's notebook full of songs he had written and having been impressed with Robinson's singing voice.

Gordy recorded their first single, "Got a Job", an answer song to the Silhouettes' "Get a Job" in January 1958. Gordy shortly thereafter struck a deal with George Goldner's End Records to distribute the single. Before the song was released, the group changed their name to the Miracles, taking it from the moniker "Miracletones", with the "'Tones" taken out. This first Miracles' single became a Top 10 National R&B Hit, peaking at #5, although it missed the Pop Hot 100. (see Miracles' Discography) .After earning only $3.19 for his production success, Gordy was told by Robinson to form his own label, which Gordy did, forming Tamla Records in 1959. One of the Miracles' first Tamla singles, the ballad "Bad Girl", became the Miracles' first song to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 Pop chart that October when it was licensed to and issued nationally by Chess Records. The next Miracles song, "It", was credited to "Ron & Bill", in a duet between White and Robinson, and was released on Tamla and nationally picked by Chess subsidiary Argo Records. Following a dismal reception at the Apollo Theater in 1959, Robinson recruited guitarist Marv Tarplin to join them on a few touring dates after Tarplin played with the Primettes (later the Supremes), with Tarplin officially joining the Miracles shortly afterwards. The addition of Tarplin was the final element in making the Miracles' "classic lineup" complete.

In 1960, the Miracles reached the charts with "Way Over There", their second national hit, which Robinson wrote and based on the Isley Brothers' "Shout". Later that year, the Miracles released "Shop Around", backed with "Who's Lovin' You", which became the group's first smash hit, reaching number one on the R&B charts, number two on the Billboard Hot 100, and number one on the Cash Box Magazine "Top 100" Pop Chart, and was the first Motown single to sell a million copies. Both sides of this record became classics, and standards for R&B and rock musicians alike for several decades afterwards.

As a result of this success, the Miracles became the first Motown act to appear on Dick Clark's "American Bandstand" on December 27, 1960. The Miracles had modest success with their next few singles, including "Ain't It Baby", "Mighty Good Lovin'", "Brokenhearted" and "Everybody's Gotta Pay Some Dues", as 1961 continued. During this early period, the group suffered some problems as Robinson caught Asian Flu and had to be bedded for a month, leaving wife Claudette Robinson to lead the Miracles on tour until he recovered. Claudette herself had her share of problems, having suffered her first miscarriage that occurred after a car accident and Pete Moore was drafted to serve in the United States Army. The group's next charted successes included "What's So Good About Goodbye", and the string-laden "I'll Try Something New".

The Miracles have been awarded many top music industry honors over the years. In 1997, the group received the Pioneer Award at the Rhythm and Blues Foundation for their musical achievements. Four years later, in 2001, they were inducted to the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. In 2004, they were ranked No. 32 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, retaining that same position seven years later, in 2011. Four of their hit songs were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame (The most of any Motown group). In 2009, the group received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Throughout their careers, the Miracles were also enshrined with honors for their songwriting by both BMI and ASCAP. In 2008, Billboard listed them at No. 61 on their 100 most successful Billboard artists ever list.

"The Showstoppers"
The group reached the Top 10 again with "You've Really Got a Hold on Me" (another Grammy Hall of Fame-inducted hit) in 1962, featuring lead vocals by Smokey Robinson and Bobby Rogers. (This song actually began life as the "B" side to the group's intended "A" side, "Happy Landing", but the nation's Dee Jays flipped the song over, because they liked "Hold on Me" better). The Miracles hit the Top 10 still a third time the following year with the Holland-Dozier-Holland-written-and-produced song "Mickey's Monkey". The group's exciting live performances were so well received, they were often referred to as "The Showstoppers". The Miracles' success paved the way for all future Motown stars, and, as Motown's first group, they would serve as the prototype for all other Motown groups to follow. The Miracles had become a national sensation, and their success catapulted them to the position of Motown's top-selling act, making them headliners at the nationwide Motortown Revue package touring shows, which showcased Motown artists, and that started around late 1962.

The Miracles were also the first Motown act to receive coaching and instruction from famed choreographer Cholly Atkins, who had previously worked with Little Anthony & the Imperials, the Cadillacs, and future Motown act Gladys Knight & the Pips. (Bobby Rogers, the Miracles' best dancer, did choreography for the group prior to Atkins' arrival). Through his association with the Miracles, Atkins came into Motown at their insistence, and soon became the official in-house choreographer for all of the company's acts, including the Temptations, the Marvelettes, the Four Tops, the Contours, Martha & the Vandellas, and the Supremes.

Songwriting

In addition to penning their own material, Miracles Robinson, White, Rogers, Tarplin, and Moore wrote for many of their labelmates as well. Motown hits written, but not recorded, by members of the Miracles include songs for the Temptations ("The Way You Do The Things You Do", "My Girl", "Don't Look Back", "Since I Lost My Baby", "It's Growing", "Get Ready", "My Baby"), Mary Wells ("My Guy", "The One Who Really Loves You", "What Love Has Joined Together", "Two Lovers"), Marvin Gaye ("I'll Be Doggone", "Ain't That Peculiar", "One More Heartache"), the Marvelettes ("Don't Mess With Bill", "My Baby Must Be a Magician", "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game"), The Contours ("First I Look at the Purse"), and Brenda Holloway ("When I'm Gone"). Unlike other Motown artists, whose songs were written for them by staff songwriters, the Miracles were one of the few Motown acts that composed their own songs, adding to the group's already impressive reputation.

Around 1964, Smokey Robinson became Motown's vice president, while the other members of the Miracles also began to work staff jobs with the company. Smokey and Claudette Robinson made plans to begin a family, but the rough life of touring caused Claudette to have several miscarriages. In early 1964, Claudette decided to retire from the road and remain at home in Detroit after another miscarriage, her sixth. From this point on, Claudette did not tour with the Miracles or appear in any official group photographs or on television, although she remained as a non-touring member of the Miracles, and continued to sing backup with the group in the studio until 1972.

After Claudette Robinson's departure, the remaining Miracles appeared on The T.A.M.I. Show, a landmark 1964 concert film released by American International Pictures that included performances by numerous popular rock and roll and R&B musicians from the United States and England, filmed and recorded live at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium on October 28 and 29, 1964. This film had theatrical release in theatres across the United States, and also included performances by fellow Motown artists the Supremes and Marvin Gaye, along with Chuck Berry, Lesley Gore, the Beach Boys, the Rolling Stones, and James Brown and the Famous Flames. The Miracles' performance was one of the show's highlights, called "athletically electrifying" by critics. Miracles chart hit singles that year included "That's What Love Is Made Of" and "I Like It Like That". In early 1965, the group released Motown Records' first double album, The Miracles Greatest Hits from the Beginning, which was a success on Billboard's Pop and R&B Album Charts. Also in 1965, the Miracles released their landmark Top 10 album, Going to a Go-Go, under the new group name of Smokey Robinson and the Miracles. This album launched four Top 20 singles into the Billboard Hot 100, including the landmark million-selling Grammy Hall of Fame single, "The Tracks of My Tears", "Ooo Baby Baby", "Going to a Go-Go" and "My Girl Has Gone", all of which became Top 10 R&B hit singles as well. During this period, their music had also made its way abroad, influencing several British groups along the way. The effects of this influence soon became even more pronounced when the Beatles, the Hollies, the Zombies, the Who, and the Rolling Stones all began recording covers of Miracles hits. Members of the Beatles, in particular, publicly stated that the music of the Miracles had greatly influenced their own.

Around this time, the group had begun performing in nightclubs and other high-profile venues after years on the Chitlin' Circuit. According to an Ebony article on the group, the group began grossing $150,000 a year due to royalties and personal investments. They also were making between $100,000 and $250,000 for nightly shows. In addition, the Miracles appeared on many of the popular variety television programs of the period, including The Ed Sullivan Show, Shindig!, Hullabaloo, American Bandstand, Where The Action Is, The Mike Douglas Show, The Andy Williams Show,Teen Town,Hollywood A Go-Go, Upbeat, and Britain's Ready Steady Go!. The Miracles' success continued with several hits including "(Come 'Round Here) I'm the One You Need", "More Love", "Special Occasion", "If You Can Want", and the Top 10 hit "I Second That Emotion". Around this time, the group was starting to be billed as Smokey Robinson and the Miracles on several of their albums. The name change did not appear on their singles until the release of "The Love I Saw in You Was Just a Mirage", a Top 20 hit released in 1967. On that song's flipside was the tune "Come Spy with Me". The Miracles sang the original theme to the 1967 20th Century Fox film of the same name.

The year 1968 brought a second "greatest hits" collection, The Miracles Greatest Hits, Vol. 2, which was the group's second Top 10 album, which featured the most popular singles from their successful Going to a Go-Go, Away We A Go-Go and Make It Happen albums of the 1965–67 period. Also in 1968, the group released their hit album Special Occasion which spawned three Top 40 singles, including the smash "If You Can Want", which the group performed on their first appearance on CBS' The Ed Sullivan Show, at the time considered television's top talent and entertainment showcase.

However, due to constant changes in the music industry and Motown, by 1969, Smokey Robinson sought to leave the Miracles and the stage, to settle for continued work as Motown's vice president as well as become more of a family man to his wife Claudette and their children. The year 1969 had brought a second Ed Sullivan Show appearance for the group, singing their then-current singles "Doggone Right", and their hit cover of Dion's "Abraham, Martin and John". Robinson's departure plans however, were thwarted after the group's 1969 song "Baby Baby Don't Cry" hit the Billboard Pop Top 10, and when the Miracles' 1967 song, "The Tears of a Clown",(their fourth Grammy Hall of Fame-inducted hit) was released as a single in 1970, it became a number-one hit in the UK. It was subsequently released in the U.S., where it duplicated its U.K. success, reaching number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 Pop Chart and selling over 3 million copies. As a result, the Miracles became hotter than ever, and Robinson decided to stay with the group for another two years. In 1970, the group were given their own ABC television special, The Smokey Robinson Show, which starred the Miracles, with guest stars the Supremes, the Temptations, Stevie Wonder, and Fran Jeffries. In 1971, they scored one more Top 20 hit with 1971's "I Don't Blame You at All". In 1972, Robinson made good on his promise to leave the Miracles, starting a six-month tour which ended in July 1972 at Washington, D.C., later introducing Billy Griffin as his official replacement. This series of final live Miracles concerts with Robinson was released by Motown on the double album Smokey Robinson & The Miracles: 1957–1972 (Tamla TS320). About that final tour, Miracle Pete Moore stated: "We had 12 farewell engagements playing to sold-out houses. It was amazing." Also released that year was the group's last studio album with Smokey, Flying High Together, with its lead single "We've Come Too Far to End It Now" reaching the Billboard R&B Top 10 (their 23rd visit to the Top 10 of that chart). After Smokey's retirement, Billy Griffin was introduced to national television audiences on NBC's The Midnight Special, on an episode guest-starring the Miracles and hosted by Smokey Robinson, broadcast on July 13, 1973. Within a year afterwards, Marv Tarplin also decided to leave the group and continued working with Robinson on his solo material, while Claudette, who had essentially retired from the Miracles' live performances in 1963, permanently left the Miracles when her husband Smokey did, retiring from recording with them as well.

Later career
In 1973, the Miracles, with Griffin, re-emerged with the critically acclaimed album, Renaissance – their first without Smokey Robinson on lead vocals, which included the Marvin Gaye composition, "I Love You Secretly", "What Is a Heart Good For" (the intended first single), and the charting single,"Don't Let It End (Til You Let It Begin)". The following year, in 1974, after releasing the much-covered single "Give Me Just Another Day", the group had their first Top 20 hit in three years with the million-selling funk song, "Do It Baby". This was followed by the Top 10 R&B hit, "Don't-Cha Love It". Late that following year, the group recorded the disco smash, "Love Machine", which came off their self-written-and-produced hit album, City of Angels. "Love Machine" reached number-one on the Hot 100 in early 1976, the Miracles' first since "Tears of a Clown", and later sold over 4.5 million copies. The Miracles, who had long been written off by the music industry, had proven that they could have big hits without Robinson. Despite this success, however, in 1976, the Miracles' relationship with Motown imploded during contract renewals after their contract with the label had expired. When Motown, then going through a contract issue with Stevie Wonder, advised the group to wait "six months" to discuss a new contract, the group took on an offer to sign with Columbia Records, signing with them in 1977. Following this, Billy's brother Donald joined them on lead guitar, replacing Marv Tarplin. The group immediately had problems after signing with Columbia, starting with the release of their first Columbia single, "Spy For Brotherhood". Expecting controversy from the single as well as possible threats from the FBI, Columbia pulled the song from the airwaves. The group failed to have a hit during their short Columbia run and in 1978, Pete Moore decided to retire from the road while Billy Griffin wanted to return to his solo career, leading to the group to disband.

In 1980, Ronnie White and Bobby Rogers decided to carry on with the Miracles as a touring unit replacing Pete Moore and Billy Griffin with Dave Finley and Carl Cotton, which carried on for three years as "The New Miracles". This version of the Miracles was short-lived though after White decided to retire from show business following the death of his wife Earlyn, who died from breast cancer in 1983, disbanding the group again. Around this same time, most of the original Miracles including Smokey Robinson and Claudette Robinson as well as Pete Moore, Marv Tarplin, and Bobby Rogers reunited to perform a medley of their songs on the 1983 NBC television special, Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever. Ron White was attending his wife Earlyn's funeral around this time, and did not participate in the reunion. Following his exit from the Miracles, Smokey Robinson enjoyed a successful solo career; in 1979, he and Tarplin co-wrote his signature hit, "Cruisin'". Following his reunion with the original Miracles on Motown 25, Robinson became dependent on cocaine, which affected his life and career. He broke the addiction in the late 1980s and revived his singing career, with the Grammy-winning Top 10 hit single, "Just to See Her". In 1986, Smokey's marriage with Claudette Robinson ended in divorce while Bobby's marriage to Marvelettes member Wanda Young ended in 1975. After the release of a 35th anniversary commemorative compilation album in 1993, Ronnie White and Bobby Rogers decided to regroup the Miracles yet again, with Dave Finley returning to the fold and Sidney Justin, a former NFL player and former member of Shalamar, as lead singer. Rogers replaced Justin with Mark Scott, who toured the world as lead singer of the group. Both Justin and Scott lead separate Miracles groups.

Two years later, Ronnie White died from a longtime bout with leukemia, leaving the remaining Miracles as a trio until Tee Turner joined the group in 2001.

Following White's death in 1995, Rogers continued to tour with different members. In 2009, the group received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame with Bobby Rogers, Berry Gordy, Smokey Robinson, Stevie Wonder, Pete Moore, Claudette Robinson, and Billy Griffin in attendance.
Following another PBS appearance, Rogers was forced into retirement due to health issues, dying less than two years later. Bobby Rogers died in March 2013, two weeks after his 73rd birthday. Pete Moore died on November 19, 2017, his 79th birthday.
Former members Carl Cotton, Marv Tarplin and Donald Griffin are also deceased (in 2003, 2011, and 2015 respectively).

Accolades, awards and honors

During their tenure, the Miracles were awarded several times for their songwriting work from both the BMI and ASCAP songwriting and licensing organizations. In 1997, the Miracles were honored by the Rhythm and Blues Foundation with the Pioneer Award for their contributions to music. In 2001, the group was inducted to the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. Three years later, the Miracles were included in Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time at No. 32, still holding to that position in a revised 2011 edition, making the Miracles the highest-ranking Motown group on the Rolling Stone listing. In both editions, they were immortalized by rock musician Bob Seger, who grew up a Miracles fan. In 2006, Woodbridge Estates, an exclusive residential development in Detroit, named their community park "Miracles Park" and one of its streets "Miracles Boulevard", in recognition of the legendary Motown group's importance to the city, and as a tribute to their many accomplishments in the music industry. In June 2006, the Miracles were voted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame.

In 2009, all the known members of the group (including Billy Griffin) were honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, attended by Berry Gordy and Stevie Wonder, who thanked the Miracles (in particular Ronnie White, who had brought the then 11-year-old to Motown's studios), for discovering him. Wonder stated: "Were it not for the Miracles, there would not be a Stevie Wonder". Gordy added that without the Miracles, "Motown would not be the Motown that it is today." Also in 2009, Motown released a special two-CD compilation: The Miracles – Depend on Me: The Early Albums, a collection consisting of the group's first five albums. In 2011, the Miracles were inducted to the Doo-Wop Hall of Fame.  That same year, Goldmine magazine named them as one of the 10 greatest doo-wop groups of all time.

In 2015, the Miracles were inducted into The National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in Detroit, Michigan. On their website, it is stated that the Miracles' exclusion from the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was "outrageous", pointing out Robinson's solo induction went against its own rules. Robinson had only spent 14 years as a solo performer, and his name was not in front of the group's until 1967. It further stated the Miracles were "the heartbeat of Motown in the 1960s, one of the best vocal groups ever formed and owners of some of the greatest records Rock has ever produced." It was also stated that with the Miracles' induction, the Hall of Fame "remedied its most shameful chapter and the biggest miracle is it took this long to do it."

In May 2016, The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences paid tribute to the Miracles with a special year-long career retrospective of the group at The Grammy Museum in Los Angeles entitled "Legends of Motown: Celebrating the Miracles", highlighting their groundbreaking history and accomplishments as Motown's first recording artists, with appearances by original Miracles Claudette Rogers-Robinson and Pete Moore. The Miracles are four-time Grammy Hall of Fame inductees. At this special showing, as an expression of her gratitude, Ms Robinson stated:

"It is my honor to be recognized by the GRAMMY Museum's Legends of Motown series. I am very grateful that the GRAMMY Museum has provided a platform for fans to experience the history of the Miracles and include items from my private collection to be displayed. The Miracles along with Mr. Berry Gordy and Motown have become a part of musical history that changed the landscape of popular music, soul and R&B to foster positive and progressive race relations in America and around the world. Thank you for the amazing opportunity."

In a tribute to Motown's first group, Martha Reeves of Martha and the Vandellas stated: "In Liverpool they have a statue of the Beatles. Someplace in Detroit there should be a statue of (Smokey Robinson and) the Miracles."

The 1987 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame controversy and 2012 Miracles induction
In 1987, former Miracles lead singer Smokey Robinson was inducted to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist, without his fellow Miracles, which Robinson expressed deep regret and disappointment that his group-mates weren't inducted with him. This solo induction triggered shockwaves and cries of protest throughout the music industry. In an article in the oldies music magazine Goldmine, editor Phil Marder stated: "How did Smokey Robinson get inducted without (the rest of) the Miracles?"

"Robinson certainly deserves solo induction due to his songwriting, producing, solo career and his contributions in many official capacities in Motown's front office. But if the Supremes got in with Diana Ross and the Vandellas made it in with Martha Reeves and the three other Tops made it in with Levi Stubbs, how could the Miracles, who were much more important, not get in with Smokey?"

Miracles bass singer Pete Moore told the Cleveland Plain Dealer: "It was a slap in the face, very disappointing. We are the premier group of Motown. We were there before there was a Motown. We set the pace for all the other artists to come after us. We were a little older, and the other artists looked up to us. How could we not be in there?" Moore later stated, "When Terry Stewart [Rock Hall president and CEO] called and told me we were to be inducted, he was apologetic," Moore said. "He said it should have been done years ago, everybody knew it. He said they received many, many calls over the years from angry (Miracles) fans."

Robinson had told Billboard that he had been lobbying for the Miracles since his own induction, "making calls and signing petitions and everything, because they really deserve it." Though some felt Robinson should have been included as an inductee with the other Miracles, Robinson said: "I don't really even care about that. I'm already in there. I don't understand why it was, like, a task to get the Miracles in there. We were one of the hottest and most prolific groups in the world at that time, so I don't understand the hesitancy." Claudette Robinson stated, "When I spoke to (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame & Museum President and CEO) Terry Stewart, he said he got no less than 900 e-mails per day saying the Miracles should be inducted, and why aren't they? I was surprised by that. I would think five or 10, but he said that amount, so it's a lot of people that were really pulling for us. You have to be thankful and grateful for that." However, before this decision, Miracle Marv Tarplin died in September 2011 at the age of 70, just months before the induction ceremony.

The Miracles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of the class of 2012 along with five other groups whose leader had been inducted as a solo artist. Upon their induction, Claudette Robinson told Billboard: "I didn't think it would happen in my lifetime. For the longest time so many people have put in their comments and tried so hard for us to be inducted, and there was always a reason we weren't. So I was a little shocked when they called and said it would happen." Robinson was selected as the induction speaker for the Miracles and the other five groups. The inducted members were original members Claudette Rogers-Robinson, Pete Moore, Bobby Rogers, Ronnie White (posthumously), and Marv Tarplin (posthumously).

Legacy
The Miracles and their music have had worldwide impact, influencing scores of artists of many different musical genres around the globe. The original lineup of the group has consistently been revered by several critics in major rock and music magazines and have received numerous honors and awards for their contributions to the music industry. One of their most honored songs, "The Tracks of My Tears", was included in the United States Library of Congress' National Recording Registry because of its "culturally, historically and aesthetically significance" in 2008. It was also chosen as one of the Top 10 Best Songs of All Time by a panel of 20 top industry songwriters and producers including Hal David, Paul McCartney, Brian Wilson, Jerry Leiber, and others as reported to Britain's Mojo music magazine, and was also winner of "The Award of Merit" from The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) for the song's writers, Miracles members Pete Moore, Marv Tarplin and Smokey Robinson. In addition, "The Tracks of My Tears" has been ranked by the Recording Industry Association of America and The National Endowment for the Arts at No. 127 in its list of the Songs of the Century – the 365 Greatest Songs of the 20th Century. And in 2021,Rolling Stone Magazine selected The Miracles'"The Tracks of My Tears"as "The Greatest Motown Song of All Time." Their hit-filled 1965 album, Going to a Go-Go is listed on Rolling Stone Magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Four of the group's songs were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame including "You Really Got a Hold on Me", "Tears of a Clown", "Shop Around" and "Tracks of My Tears". In addition, "You Really Got a Hold on Me", "Going to a Go-Go", "Shop Around" and "Tracks of My Tears" were inducted to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame as part of their list of The 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll. In addition, The Miracles hit — "The Tracks of My Tears,"  has been selected by the National Recording Preservation Board for the United States Library of Congress' National Recording Registry, which honors and preserves culturally, historically and aesthetically significant American recordings. The group was also ranked No. 61 on VH-1's 100 Greatest Rock Stars of All Time in 1998 while also ranking at No. 71 on Billboards 100 Greatest Artists of All Time in 2008.They have also been inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame as of 2014. and the R&B Music Hall of Fame in 2015.

Commenting to Rolling Stone Magazine, Bob Seger said: "I used to go to the Motown Revues, and the Miracles always closed the show. They were that good, and everybody knew it." Producer Quincy Jones called the group the "Beethovens of The 20th Century" due to their songwriting talents. In addition, the Miracles have been regarded as the most covered act in Motown's roster and have influenced numerous artists worldwide in the last 50 years.

The success of the Miracles actually launched the Motown Records label, and, according to Motown Records founder, Berry Gordy, without the Miracles, the Motown Record Corporation would not have been possible.

Cover versions and influence

Awards and achievements

Members

Original members:

 Claudette Rogers Robinson (1957–1972, 1983, occasional appearances between 1993 and 2011)
 Ronald "Ronnie" White (1955–1978, 1980–1983, 1993–1995) died 1995
 Robert "Bobby" Rogers (1955–1978, 1980–1983, 1993–2011) died 2013
 Warren "Pete" Moore (1955–1978) died 2017
 William "Smokey" Robinson, Jr. (1955–1972, 1983)
 Marv Tarplin (1958–1973) died 2011

Discography

The Miracles
Hi... We're the Miracles (1961)
Cookin' with the Miracles (1961)
I'll Try Something New (1962)
The Fabulous Miracles (1963)
The Miracles Doin' Mickey's Monkey (1963)
I Like It Like That (1964)

Smokey Robinson & the Miracles
Going to a Go-Go (1965)
Away We a Go-Go (1966)
Make It Happen (1967) (Reissued in 1970 as The Tears of a Clown)
Special Occasion (1968)
Time Out for Smokey Robinson & The Miracles (1969)
Four in Blue (1969)
What Love Has...Joined Together (1970)
A Pocket Full of Miracles (1970)
The Season for Miracles (1970)
One Dozen Roses (1971)
Flying High Together (1972)

The Miracles
Renaissance (1973)
Do It Baby (1974)
Don't Cha Love It (1975)
City of Angels (1975)
The Power of Music (1976)
Love Crazy (1977)
The Miracles (1978)

References

Further reading

 Smokey Robinson in-depth interview by Pete Lewis, 'Blues & Soul' December 1992 (reprinted February 2009)

External links

 The Miracles- on the "Soulwalking UK" website
 The Miracles' R&B Music Hall of Fame page
 The Miracles' Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction page
 History of Rock page on'The Miracles
 The Miracles' Vocal Group Hall of Fame site
 The Miracles song reviews from the "Motown Junkies" website
 YouTube video: The Miracles'2012 Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Pre-Induction Party
 The Miracles-Motown Museum Featured Artists
 The Miracles on the Top of the Charts website
 The Miracles on the Soul Patrol website
 The Miracles in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
 YouTube Video-The Miracles' Hollywood Walk of Fame'' 2009 Ceremony
 Interview with Bobby Rogers of The Miracles

1955 establishments in Michigan
2011 disestablishments in the United States
African-American musical groups

American disco groups
American rhythm and blues musical groups
American soul musical groups
American vocal groups
Chess Records artists
Columbia Records artists
Doo-wop groups
Motown artists
Musical groups disestablished in 2011
Musical groups established in 1955
Musical groups from Detroit
Musical quintets
Northern soul musicians

The Miracles


Alphonse Depuiset, eigentlich Louis Marie Alphonse Depuiset, (* 20. September 1822 in Autry, Département Ardennes; † 17. März 1886 in Paris) war ein französischer Entomologe.

Leben
Depuiset war der Sohn eines Tierpräparators und durch diesen bekam er auch seinen ersten naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht. War anfangs noch das Interesse allgemein auf die Insektenkunde gerichtet, spezialisierte er sich schon bald auf Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera).

Um 1840 kam Depuiset nach Paris. Er blieb in der Stadt, und ab 1850 verdiente er seinen Lebensunterhalt als Insektenhändler. Dabei unterstützten ihn Freunde, wie z. B. der Naturwissenschaftler Jean Baptiste Alphonse Dechauffour de Boisduval.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Catalogue méthodique des Lépitoptères d'Europe. Rothschild, Paris 1861.
 Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Lepidoptère du g. Papilio, provenant de la Nouvelle-Guinée. Rotschild, Paris 1878.
 Musée entomologique illustré. Histoire naturelle iconographique des insectes. Rotschild, Paris 1876/78
 Les Coleopteres. 1876.
 Les Papillons. 1877.
 Les Insectes. 1878.

Literatur
 Armand-Lucien Clément: Notice nécrologique dur Depuiset. In: Annales de la Société Entomologiques de France/6. Serie, Bd. 7 (1887), März, S. 471–474, .
 S. Le Tourneur: Alphonse Depuiset. In: Roman d'Amat, Roger Limouzin-Lamothe (Hrsg.): Dictionnaire biographie française, Bd. 10. Letouzey, Paris 1965, S. 1114.

Entomologe
Franzose
Geboren 1822
Gestorben 1886
Mann

Alphonse Depuiset


El abominable Dr. Phibes (The Abominable Dr. Phibes) es una película de terror de 1971 dirigida por Robert Fuest. Fue protagonizada por Vincent Price, Joseph Cotten y Peter Jeffrey. La cinta tuvo una secuela, Dr. Phibes Rises Again (1972), también dirigida por Fuest.

Trama

Ambientada en 1925, la película muestra al Dr. Phibes (Vincent Price), un misterioso organista experto en teología y música quien, junto a su ayudante Vulnavia (Virginia North), comienza a asesinar uno por uno a varios médicos de Londres. La forma en que realiza sus asesinatos es diversa, utilizando por ejemplo animales como abejas y murciélagos, un teléfono con un cuchillo. Mientras lleva a cabo uno de sus crímenes, Phibes deja caer accidentalmente un amuleto, que es descubierto por el inspector Trout (Peter Jeffrey) que investiga el caso.

Trout acude a un joyero, quien le dice que el objeto corresponde a una serie de diez amuletos que hizo a pedido de una mujer. Posteriormente visita a un rabino, quien le señala que el símbolo del amuleto es la palabra hebrea "sangre", y corresponde a una de las plagas que sufrieron los egipcios por haber esclavizado a los hebreos.

Una de las características comunes de las víctimas era que todas trabajaron para un médico llamado Vesalius (Joseph Cotten), quien le revela al inspector de todas las operaciones que llevó a cabo durante los últimos años, sólo en una participaron todas las víctimas. La paciente era Victoria Regina Phibes, esposa del Dr. Phibes,  quien murió durante la operación. Es por eso que su marido decidió vengarse de los nueve doctores involucrados en la operación, eligiendo para tal fin las plagas descritas en el Antiguo Testamento. Sin embargo, Vesalius descarta que el asesino sea Phibes, ya que según la policía él murió quemado en un accidente automovilístico tras conocer la muerte de su esposa.

La película continúa con Phibes asesinando a los médicos que participaron en la operación de su esposa, y con Trout tratando de descubrir al responsable de los crímenes. El inspector cree que, a pesar de ser dado por muerto, lo más probable es que Phibes sea el asesino, ya que diversos antecedentes lo conducen a aquella conclusión. Cuando solo queda Vesalius, Phibes secuestra a su hijo para castigarlo a través de la novena plaga, la muerte del primogénito. Phibes telefonea a Vesalius, indicándole que acuda a su casa solo, cosa que Vesalius cumple. Al llegar, Phibes lo obliga a operar a su hijo, ya que en su interior está la llave que lo liberará de la camilla que lo apresa, antes que le caiga ácido y muera.

Mientras Vesalius opera a su propio hijo, Phibes le revela su verdadero rostro, producto del accidente automovilístico que sufrió. Tras esto llegan a la casa el inspector Trout y un grupo de policías. Vesalius logra salvar a su hijo y el ácido termina cayendo sobre la ayudante de Phibes. Sin embargo, antes que la policía capture a Phibes, él se embalsama junto al cadáver de su esposa, oculto en un compartimiento secreto para volver a la vida en el futuro.

Reparto
 Vincent Price como el doctor Anton Phibes.
 Joseph Cotten como el doctor Vesalius.
 Peter Jeffrey como el inspector Harry Trout.
 Virginia North como Vulnavia.
 Terry-Thomas como el doctor Longstreet.
 Aubrey Woods como Goldsmith.
 Sean Bury como Lem Vesalius.
 Susan Travers como la enfermera Allen.
 David Hutcheson como el doctor Hedgepath.
 Edward Burnham como el doctor Dunwoody.
 Alex Scott como el doctor Hargreaves.
 Peter Gilmore como el doctor Kitaj.
 Maurice Kaufmann como el doctor Whitcombe.
 Derek Godfrey como Crow.
 Norman Jones como el sargento Tom Schenley.
 John Cater como Waverley.
 Hugh Griffith como rabino.

Recepción
La película obtuvo una buena respuesta por parte de la crítica cinematográfica. En el sitio web Rotten Tomatoes posee un 77% de comentarios "frescos", basado en un total de 22 críticas. Ian Nathan de la revista británica Empire se refirió a ella como "grotescamente magnífica", destacando su música y humor. Steve Biodrowski de la revista Cinefantastique escribió: "Esta es una de las mejores películas del final de la carrera de Vincent Price en American International Pictures [...] Visto hoy, el impacto terrorífico de la película puede haber disminuido, pero el humor -sutil y no tan sutil- todavía funciona".

En otros medios
Algunos grupos de música han hecho referencia a la película y su secuela a través de sus canciones. El grupo Kryst the Conqueror compuso una canción titulada "Dr. Phibes Rises Again". Una versión de aquella canción fue incluida en el álbum Cuts from the Crypt del grupo The Misfits. El grupo británico Angel Witch compuso el tema instrumental "Dr. Phibes", incluido en el álbum Loser.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sobre la película, en el sitio de Turner Classic Movies.

 Reclamo oficial; en inglés.

 Música de la película.
 Sobre la música, en el sitio Score Magacine; en español.
 Dr. Phibes' Waltz / Cage Full of Bats.
 Vulnavia.
 Vulnavia (Reprise), con carteles e imágenes relacionadas con la película.
 Música del final: versión de Over the Rainbow.
 Suite de la música sobrante.

Películas en inglés
Películas de terror de Reino Unido
Películas de Estados Unidos de los años 1970
Películas cómicas
Películas dirigidas por Robert Fuest

El abominable Dr. Phibes


is a village located in Uda District, Nara Prefecture, Japan.

As of April 2017, the village has an estimated population of 1,528 and a density of 32 persons per km2. The total area is 47.84 km2.

Geography

The village of Soni is located in the northeastern portion of Nara Prefecture, in Uda District.
It is situated in a cool climate, and most dwellings are located near the valley. Many mountains, including the Byōbu-iwa,
are close to the valley. Also, the Shōrenji River flows through the village.

Surrounding municipalities
 Nara Prefecture
 Uda
 Mitsue
 Higashiyoshino
 Mie Prefecture
 Nabari
 Tsu

Notable locations
 Soni Plateau
 Koochi Valley
 Soni Plateau Hot Springs
 Byōbu-iwa

References

External links

 Soni village Official Site

Villages in Nara Prefecture

Soni, Nara


Jintara Poonlarp (în , )  o actriță și cântăreață thailandeză.

Tinerețe
Jintara Poonlarp s-a născut pe 6 martie 1969 într-o familie săracă din provincia Roi Et, și-a început cariera muzicală în 1987, colaborând cu GMM Grammy, o casă de discuri tailandeză, până în 2008.

Discografie

Album
Took lauk auk rong rian (ถูกหลอกออกโรงเรียน)
Wan puean kian jot mai (วานเพื่อนเขียนจดหมาย)
Rai oi khoi rak (ไร่อ้อยคอยรัก)
Songsan huajai (สงสารหัวใจ)
Uaipon hai puean (อวยพรให้เพื่อน)
Mor Lam Sa On+Luk Thung Sa on 1st-14th (หมอลำสะออน+ลูกทุ่งสะออน ชุด 1-14)
Jintara Krob Krueang 1st-9th (จินตหราครบเครื่อง ชุด 1-9)

Single-uri
Tao Ngoy (เต่างอย)
Phak Dee Tee Jeb (ภักดีที่เจ็บ)
Pha Mai Aai Lueam (ผ้าไหมอ้ายลืม)

Note

Nașteri în 1969
Actori thailandezi
Cântărețe thailandeze
Oameni în viață

Jintara Poonlarp


Christoph Egedacher der Ältere († 1661) arbeitete in Südbayern und Österreich als Orgelbauer.

Leben
Christoph Egedacher d. Ä. (auch: Christoph Egedacher I.) gilt als Begründer der Straubinger Orgelbaudynastie der Egedacher, die zusammen mit den Familien Butz und Freundt als wichtigste Vertreter der süddeutschen Orgelbauschule und damit des bayrischen und (heutigen) österreichischen Raumes angesehen werden. Das Orgelbauhandwerk erlernte er bei dem Orgelbauer Bartholomäus Kugelmann in Straubing. In schriftlichen Quellen wird er grundsätzlich als Orgelbauer bezeichnet, mitunter auch als Hausbesitzer mit Bräugerechtigkeit. Da er aber nicht direkt aus Straubing stammt, konnten sein Geburtsdatum und -Ort bis heute nicht ermittelt werden. 1636 war er in Bogen bei Straubing ansässig, von wo aus er ein Offert zum Neubau der Orgel in der Hofkirche von Luzern legte. Fest steht, dass er dreimal verheiratet war: am 9. September 1637 heiratete er ein zweites Mal, die aus Haidenburg stammende Anna Weinzürl, die am 31. Mai 1639 verstarb, und am 17. September 1640 Catharina Gäderspäck, eine Witwe aus Landshut, die ihn überlebte und am 8. Juni 1664 verstarb. Mit seiner ersten Frau, Maria, hatte er zwei Töchter, mit seiner dritten drei Söhne: Christophorus, Johannes und Willibald. Christophorus, der spätere so genannte Christoph Egedacher d. J., setzte die Tradition des Orgelbaues fort, während Christoph Egedacher d. Ä. als eigentlicher Begründer der Orgelbaudynastie der Egedacher angesehen wird. Er wohnte zeitweise in einem Haus am Rindermarkt (heute Fraunhoferstraße) in Straubing, das er am 3. Februar 1644 gekauft hatte und am 6. Juni 1653 wieder veräußerte, später zog er in die sog. Alte Propstei am Obern Tor, wo sein Sohn 1675 aktenkundig ist. Christoph Egedacher d. Ä. wurde 1661 vermutlich irgendwo bei der Aufstellung einer Orgel vom Tode überrascht. Eine Nachricht über seinen Todestag und darüber, wo er bestattet wurde, könnte, ähnlich wie bei den Geburtsdaten, nur durch Zufall entdeckt werden.

Werkliste (Auswahl)
Die Liste führt einige seiner nachgewiesenen Neubauten auf.

Die Größe der Instrumente wird in der fünften Spalte durch die Anzahl der Manuale und die Anzahl der klingenden Register in der sechsten Spalte angezeigt. Ein großes "P" steht für ein selbstständiges Pedal.

Literatur
 Georg Brenninger: Der Straubinger Orgelbauer Christoph Egedacher. In: Die Musikforschung. 29 (1976), S. 56–60.
 Georg Brenninger: Orgeln in Altbayern. München 1978, ISBN 3-7654-1704-1.
 Rupert Frieberger: Der Orgelbau in Oberösterreich im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung bestehender Instrumente. Innsbruck 1984.
 Josef Saam: Die alten Passauer Orgelbauer. Ihre Herkunft und ihr Schaffen von 1467 bis 1744. In: Ostbairische Grenzmarken. Passau 1977 (Passauer Jahrbuch für Geschichte, Kunst und Volkskunde), S. 108–137.
 Gerhard Walterskirchen: Orgeln und Orgelbauer in Salzburg vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart. Beiträge zu 700 Jahren Orgelbau in der Stadt Salzburg. (= Dissertation) Salzburg 1982.

Einzelnachweise

Deutscher
Orgelbauer (17. Jahrhundert)
Geboren im 16. oder 17. Jahrhundert
Gestorben im 17. Jahrhundert
Mann

Christoph Egedacher der Ältere


Pigbag were a British post-punk band, best known for their instrumentals, active between 1980 and 1983.

Origin and formation

Pigbag were formed in Cheltenham in late 1980 by Chris Hamlin, a fashion student at Cheltenham Art College. Hamlin recruited multi-instrumentalist Roger Freeman, an old friend from his hometown of Birmingham, along with Chris Lee on trumpet and James Johnstone, a guitarist, record shop assistant and newcomer to the alto sax, for initial jam sessions which would eventually evolve into Pigbag. The group would jam in parks and various other places, but their usual practice space was Hamlin's house, Beech House, which still stands on the corner of St James's Square and St George's Place in Cheltenham.

After a couple of months they decided to expand the line-up, adding a rhythm section and rehearsing more seriously. They recruited Andrew "Chip" Carpenter on drums and Mark "Miff" Smith on bass, both old school friends of Johnstone's, and former members of their previous band Hardware. It was at these jam sessions that "Papa's Got a Brand New Pigbag" was developed from an idea Chris Hamlin had had before the band was formed. The song would become their signature tune.

When Hamlin heard that Simon Underwood had left The Pop Group he invited him to join the nascent band (to replace Mark Smith who had left by this point), the band then trading under the tentative title "Us Corporation". Through a friend who knew Mark Stewart, The Pop Group's vocalist, Hamlin and Johnstone acquired Underwood's address and hitched down to Bristol to convince him, using tape recordings of their jam sessions. To their surprise Underwood agreed, also suggesting his friend Ollie Moore as tenor sax player.

Through Underwood's connections with Dick O'Dell, then manager of The Slits and head of Y Records, they landed their first gig, supporting The Slits at Romeo and Juliet's in Bristol on 21 October 1980. They played a twenty-minute version of what was to become "Papa's Got a Brand New Pigbag" to a positive reception, and the next day O'Dell invited them to record the track for Y Records. At this point they adopted the name Pigbag, in reference to Chris Hamlin's scruffy cloth bag bearing a screen-printed warthog.

Early recordings
The band made their first recordings in 1981 at Berry Street Studios in London. Later that year they released their first single, the instrumental classic "Papa's Got A Brand New Pigbag", on Y Records, distributed by Rough Trade, the title being a clear pun on James Brown's "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag". The track quickly became an underground dance hit, selling many thousands of copies and charting well. The song, and the Paul Oakenfold remix, "Reach Up (Papa's Got A Brand New Pigbag)" has become a stadium anthem in English football (particularly in the Football League), originally adopted by Queens Park Rangers supporters in 1994 after some of their fans took it on as an anthem at a music venue in Westbourne Park, often played or chanted before a match or at half time, or after the scoring of a goal, and often incorporating the name of a player into the song.

Around this time Hamlin left the band, feeling that he had created an unmanageable group with too many egos to contend with, and that he was "losing control of the band". Soon afterwards he recorded a version of "Swinging on a Star" which was never released.

During September and October 1981, the band toured the US, playing in New York City, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., Northampton, MA, San Francisco and Berkeley, California. They followed the success of "Papa..." with "Sunny Day", a similarly brash, bright and funky track for which Ed Steinberg shot a video in New York, though the video in question has been unavailable since. They also recorded another single, "Getting Up", in early 1982. April 1982 saw the release of their first album Dr Heckle and Mr Jive, which was a huge success, topping the UK Indie Chart for several weeks, despite including only one of their previous singles - "Getting Up".

The band embarked on a long and gruelling college tour in the spring of 1982, which placed them under considerable strain. Roger Freeman was replaced by Brian Nevill for several gigs. Club play and the extensive tour had stimulated demand for "Papa's Got a Brand New Pigbag", which was consequently re-released on Stiff Records, peaking at No. 3 in the UK Singles Chart and giving the band their only significant mainstream success.

The band made two appearances on Top of the Pops, on 8 and 22 April 1982. Brian Nevill sat in on both appearances, and Paul "Nellee" Hooper (later producer for Björk, Madonna and Soul II Soul) also made an appearance with the band, although he was never a band member and did not play on any of the Pigbag recordings. The first Top of the Pops appearance also saw Roger Freeman's departure from the band. Already stressed from touring, Freeman refused to switch his donkey jacket for the suits which the band had decided to all wear for the show, so departed from the band the day before the recording. He went on to record the 1986 non-stop forty-minute prototype chill-out / house album Designer Beatnik with ex-Duran Duran member Stephen Duffy under the name Dr Calculus mdma (the cover photo showing the "Spirit of Ecstasy" car mascot.)

Later career
On 27 April 1982, a new line-up, including Brian Nevill and Oscar Verden, started rehearsing. The band changed their sound slightly, following up with "The Big Bean", a slower track with a more Caribbean vibe, which peaked at No. 40 in the UK Singles Chart. The single was recorded at Abbey Road Studios on 5 and 6 June 1982. This was followed by a short UK tour, then a European one, and dates in New York on 9 and 10 July and in Japan from 18 to 31 July.

Soon afterwards Angela Jaeger, a New York jazz singer, joined the band. Jaeger had previously sung with a band called The Drowning Craze. The next LP, Lend An Ear, was recorded in the late summer of 1982, and the band appeared on the Christmas edition of Top of the Pops.

Underwood and Jaeger were married at Hammersmith Registry Office in 1983, attended by many notables from the music scene, including Johnny Rotten. During 1983, the band released a single, "Hit The 'O' Deck" (a reference to turntables), and the album recorded the previous year, Lend An Ear. The band toured the UK from 14 February to 13 March 1983. A European tour followed from 29 March to 16 April. Their last ever live gig was in Portsmouth on 28 April 1983.

Following a poor critical reception to the new direction and differences in the band, Pigbag split in June 1983, with Johnstone, Jaeger and Underwood forming Instinct. Y Records released two posthumous albums, Pigbag (including seven live tracks and one remix), and Favourite Things (including all the singles plus a few other album tracks). The press accused Dick O'Dell of releasing the albums purely to buoy up Y Records' finances, which were in trouble following the failure of most of their roster to make significant sales (with the possible exception of Shriekback, who instead fell out with O'Dell and left the label.)

Kaz Records (part of Castle Communications) took over Y Records' operations when the label finally went bankrupt, and have subsequently released Discology: The Best Of Pigbag on CD.

Legacy
Although never hugely commercially successful, Pigbag had a distinctive sound. Members of the band went on to record with many other bands, some still active today. Their career took place during the huge mushrooming and cross-pollination of genres that followed the punk movement, and their music can be said to incorporate elements of punk, jazz, funk, ska, reggae and even tribal world music, such as afrobeat, all accompanied with undeniable pop sensibility. Pigbag's influence can be heard today in the more funk-influenced percussive side of the post-punk revival, in such bands as !!! and LCD Soundsystem.

Their single "Papa's Got a Brand New Pigbag" has entered mainstream consciousness, and is considered a classic pop hit of its era. It is removed somewhat from the rest of the band's career, to the effect that Pigbag are sometimes considered one-hit wonders. It has been used extensively as soundtrack music and at sporting events, particularly by Middlesbrough Football Club and Queens Park Rangers, and is still a popular dance record in clubs. In 2003, an anthem row erupted before a play-off final at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff between Cardiff and Queens Park Rangers. Eventually neither "God Save the Queen" nor "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" were played and the clubs could choose their own song. Cardiff opted for "Men of Harlech", while QPR went for "Papa's Got A Brand New Pigbag".

The track was sampled in Alex Gaudino's song Watch Out and has been covered by several other artists. It featured on the soundtrack of the 2006 film of Alan Bennet's The History Boys. English group, Madness, have included a cover version of the song in their live set on occasions. In Canada, the song was used as the theme for The NewMusic, a music newsmagazine show for over 25 years. British gymnast Claudia Fragapane used a remix for her floor music between 2015-2016.

Band members

Original line-up
Simon Underwood – Electric and Acoustic Bass
James Johnstone – Alto Saxophone and Guitar
Chris Lee – Trumpet and Steel Drums
Ollie Moore – Tenor and Baritone Saxophone
Roger Freeman – Trombone / Keyboards and Percussion
Andy 'Chip' Carpenter – Drum kit and Percussion
Chris Hamlin – Clarinet and Percussion
Mark Smith – Electric Bass

Later additions
Brian Nevill – Drum Kit / Percussion and soprano saxophone
Oscar Verden – Trombone and Keyboards
Angela Jaeger – Vocals

Discography

Albums

Singles

Song appearances
 "Papa's Got a Brand New Pigbag" used in The Ongoing History of New Music episode, "Alt-Rock's Greatest Instrumentals" from 2003.
 "Papa's Got a Brand New Pigbag" used as intro music to Toronto TV station City TV's "The New Music" from 1980 to c. 1983.

References

External links

Dance-punk musical groups
English dance music groups
Funk rock musical groups
Alternative dance musical groups
English post-punk music groups
Musical groups established in 1980
Music in Gloucestershire
Musical groups from Bristol

Pigbag


Vilar Chão Portekiz'de Vieira do Minho belediyesine bağlı olan, 8,55 km2 yüz ölçümüne sahip, 291 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Vieira do Minho

Vilar Chão (Vieira do Minho)


A Nebraska Wing Civil Air Patrol (NEWG) é uma das 52 "alas" (50 estados, Porto Rico e Washington, D.C.) da "Civil Air Patrol" (a força auxiliar oficial da Força Aérea dos Estados Unidos) no Estado do Nebraska.
A sede da Nebraska Wing está localizada em Fremont, Nebraska.

A Nebraska Wing consiste em mais de 380 cadetes e membros adultos distribuídos em 14 locais espalhados por todo o Estado.

A ala de Nebraska é membro da Região Centro-Norte da CAP juntamente com as alas dos seguintes Estados: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota e South Dakota.

Missão
A Civil Air Patrol tem três missões: fornecer serviços de emergência; oferecer programas de cadetes para jovens; e fornecer educação aeroespacial para membros da CAP e para o público em geral.

Serviços de emergência
A CAP fornece ativamente serviços de emergência, incluindo operações de busca e salvamento e gestão de emergência, bem como auxilia na prestação de ajuda humanitária.

A CAP também fornece apoio à Força Aérea por meio da realização de transporte leve, suporte de comunicações e levantamentos de rotas de baixa altitude. A Civil Air Patrol também pode oferecer apoio a missões de combate às drogas.

Programas de cadetes
A CAP oferece programas de cadetes para jovens de 12 a 21 anos, que incluem educação aeroespacial, treinamento de liderança, preparo físico e liderança moral para cadetes.

Educação Aeroespacial
A CAP oferece educação aeroespacial para membros do CAP e para o público em geral. Cumprir o componente de educação da missão geral da CAP inclui treinar seus membros, oferecer workshops para jovens em todo o país por meio de escolas e fornecer educação por meio de eventos públicos de aviação.

Organização

Ver também
 First Air Force
 Civil Air Patrol
 Nebraska Air National Guard
 Nebraska State Guard
 História da Civil Air Patrol

Ligações externas

  (1)
  (2)
 Civil Air Patrol Newsroom
 Civil Air Patrol Official Website

Organizações dos Estados Unidos
Educação e treinamento militar
Força Aérea dos Estados Unidos
Ajuda humanitária

Nebraska Wing Civil Air Patrol