Le Comité pour les médicaments à base de plantes (HMPC, acronyme de Herbal Medicinal Products Committee), est l'un des comités de l'Agence européenne des médicaments, chargé d'élaborer les avis de l'agence sur les médicaments à base de plantes.

Missions
Le HMPC vise à aider à l'harmonisation des procédures et des dispositions concernant les médicaments à base de plantes au sein de l'Union européenne (UE) et à intégrer davantage les médicaments à base de plantes dans le cadre réglementaire européen. Le HMPC fournit aux États membres de l'UE et aux institutions européennes des avis scientifiques sur les questions relatives aux médicaments et préparations à base de plantes, et fournit des informations sur les utilisations recommandées et les conditions de sécurité de l'usage de ces plantes.

Parmi les autres tâches essentielles figurent l'établissement d'un projet de « liste communautaire des substances végétales, préparations et combinaisons de celles-ci destinées à être utilisées dans les médicaments traditionnels à base de plantes », ainsi que l'établissement de monographies communautaires de plantes médicinales. Ces monographies permettent une approche harmonisée pour l'évaluation scientifique des médicaments à base de plantes dans la communauté européenne.

Composition
 27 membres, un nommé par chacun des 28 États membres de l'Union européenne,
 2 membres nommés par l'Islande et la Norvège,
 un président, élu par les membres actifs du HMPC,
 Jusqu'à 5 membres supplémentaires peuvent être cooptés pour leurs domaines de compétences. Actuellement (février 2022), les membres cooptés ont une expertise en pharmacologie clinique, en pharmacologie expérimentale/non clinique, en toxicologie, en pédiatrie et en médecine générale.

Le HMPC a un observateur de la Direction européenne de la qualité du médicament (DEQM) et un observateur du Conseil de l'Europe.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Phytothérapie
 Pharmacopée européenne
 Agence européenne des médicaments
 Coopération scientifique européenne en phytothérapie
 Institut européen des substances végétales

Liens externes
 .

Santé dans l'Union européenne
Herboristerie


Meredith Scott Lynn (Brooklyn, Nueva York; 8 de marzo de 1970) es una actriz, productora, y directora estadounidense. Asistió a la Secundaria de Arte en Nueva York.

Filmografía

Referencias

Nacidos en Brooklyn
Actrices de cine de Estados Unidos
Actrices de televisión de Estados Unidos

Meredith Scott Lynn


En let brise er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2011, der er instrueret af Rania M. Tawfik.

Handling
Når jeg danser er jeg glad! Disse er Sahars ord, som åbner filmen. Men det er ikke altid let at gå efter, hvad der gør en lykkelig.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2011

En let brise


Cet article dresse la Liste des ministres italiens des Terres libérées de l'ennemi entre  et , période d'existence du ministère.

Liste des ministres
 Partis

Coalitions

Terres libérées de l'ennemi


مساواتية، مبدأ اجتماعي

 مساواة (رياضيات): المعادلة بين كميتين
 مساواة (المركز الفلسطيني لاستقلال المحاماة والقضاء)

فضيلة

مساواة (توضيح)


Bruno Popović (Zagreb, 17. srpnja 1928. – Zagreb, 28. ožujka 2012.) bio je hrvatski esejist, kritičar i pisac.

Životopis
Na filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu diplomirao je jugoslavistiku. Uglavnom je objavljivao kritike i eseje u kojima je komentirao književne opuse s filozofskih i intelektualno-humanističkih stajališta. Pisao je među ostalim i o Marinu Držiću, Silviju Strahimiru Kranjčeviću, Janku Poliću Kamovu, Antunu Gustavu Matošu, Antunu Branku Šimiću, Slavku Kolaru, Augustu Cesarcu, Petru Šegedinu, Ranku Marinkoviću, Vladu Gotovcu i drugima, a osobito je pisao o Miroslavu Krleži (Tema krležiana, 1982.)

Pisao je i poeziju, prozu i dramske tekstove, a adaptirao je i mnogobrojna djela za radiodramske izvedbe. Posljednje što je objavio bila je zbirka Čamac za veslanje: od pjesme do pjesme objavljena 2006. godine u nakladi Društva hrvatskih književnika čiji član nije bio.

Djela
Značajnija djela uključuju:

 Neko vrijeme, 1966.
 Pamfleti, 1969.
 Ikar iz Hada, 1970.
 Matoš i nakon njega, 1972.
 Književna Europa i drugi fragmenti, 1978.
 Dan kao svaki drugi, 1979.
 Tema krležiana, 1982.
 Časoslov iz Babilona, 1990.
 Čamac za veslanje: od pjesme do pjesme, 2006.

Nagrade
Dobio je Nagradu Vladimir Nazor 1990. godine.

Izvori

Hrvatski književnici
Hrvatski esejisti
Hrvatski kritičari
Hrvatski pjesnici
Životopisi, Zagreb
Dobitnici nagrade Vladimir Nazor

Bruno Popović


Interaction design, often abbreviated as IxD, is "the practice of designing interactive digital products, environments, systems, and services." While interaction design has an interest in form (similar to other design fields), its main area of focus rests on behavior. Rather than analyzing how things are, interaction design synthesizes and imagines things as they could be. This element of interaction design is what characterizes IxD as a design field, as opposed to a science or engineering field.

Interaction design borrows from a wide range of fields like psychology, human-computer interaction, information architecture, and user research to create designs that are tailored to the needs and preferences of users. This involves understanding the context in which the product will be used, identifying user goals and behaviors, and developing design solutions that are responsive to user needs and expectations.

While disciplines such as software engineering have a heavy focus on designing for technical stakeholders, interaction design is focused on meeting the needs and optimizing the experience of users, within relevant technical or business constraints.

History
The term interaction design was coined by Bill Moggridge and Bill Verplank in the mid-1980s, but it took 10 years before the concept started to take hold. To Verplank, it was an adaptation of the computer science term user interface design for the industrial design profession. To Moggridge, it was an improvement over soft-face, which he had coined in 1984 to refer to the application of industrial design to products containing software.

The earliest programs in design for interactive technologies were the Visible Language Workshop, started by Muriel Cooper at MIT in 1975, and the Interactive Telecommunications Program founded at NYU in 1979 by Martin Elton and later headed by Red Burns.

The first academic program officially named "Interaction Design" was established at Carnegie Mellon University in 1994, as a Master of Design in Interaction Design. At the outset, the program focused mainly on screen interfaces, before shifting to a greater emphasis on the "big picture" aspects of interaction—people, organizations, culture, service and system.

In 1990, Gillian Crampton Smith founded the Computer-Related Design MA at the Royal College of Art (RCA) in London, which in 2005 was renamed Design Interactions, headed by Anthony Dunne. In 2001, Crampton Smith helped found the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII), a specialized institute in Olivetti's hometown in Northern Italy, dedicated solely to interaction design. In 2007, after IDII closed due to a lack of funding, some of the people originally involved with IDII set up the Copenhagen Institute of Interaction Design (CIID), in Denmark. After Ivrea, Crampton Smith and Philip Tabor added the Interaction Design (IxD) track in the Visual and Multimedia Communication at the University of Venice, Italy.

In 1998, the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research founded The Interactive Institute—a Swedish research institute in the field of interaction design.

Methodologies

Goal-oriented design
Goal-oriented design (or Goal-Directed design) "is concerned with satisfying the needs and desires of the users of a product or service."

Alan Cooper argues in The Inmates Are Running the Asylum that we need a new approach to solving interactive software-based problems. The problems with designing computer interfaces are fundamentally different from those that do not include software (e.g., hammers).  Cooper introduces the concept of cognitive friction, which is when the interface of a design is complex and difficult to use, and behaves inconsistently and unexpectedly, possessing different modes.

Alternatively, interfaces can be designed to serve the needs of the service/product provider. User needs may be poorly served by this approach.

Usability
Usability answers the question "can someone use this interface?". Jakob Nielsen describes usability as the quality attribute that describes how usable the interface is. Shneiderman proposes principles for designing more usable interfaces called "Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design"—which are well-known heuristics for creating usable systems.

Personas
Personas are archetypes that describe the various goals and observed behaviour patterns among users.

A persona encapsulates critical behavioural data in a way that both designers and stakeholders can understand, remember, and relate to. Personas use storytelling to engage users' social and emotional aspects, which helps designers to either visualize the best product behaviour or see why the recommended design is successful.

Cognitive dimensions
The cognitive dimensions framework provides a vocabulary to evaluate and modify design solutions. Cognitive dimensions offer a lightweight approach to analysis of a design quality, rather than an in-depth, detailed description. They provide a common vocabulary for discussing notation, user interface or programming language design.

Dimensions provide high-level descriptions of the interface and how the user interacts with it: examples include consistency, error-proneness, hard mental operations, viscosity and premature commitment. These concepts aid the creation of new designs from existing ones through design maneuvers that alter the design within a particular dimension.

Affective interaction design

Designers must be aware of elements that influence user emotional responses. For instance, products must convey positive emotions while avoiding negative ones. Other important aspects include motivational, learning, creative, social and persuasive influences. One method that can help convey such aspects is for example, the use of dynamic icons, animations and sound to help communicate, creating a sense of interactivity. Interface aspects such as fonts, color palettes and graphical layouts can influence acceptance. Studies showed that affective aspects can affect perceptions of usability.

Emotion and pleasure theories exist to explain interface responses. These include Don Norman's emotional design model, Patrick Jordan's pleasure model and McCarthy and Wright's Technology as Experience framework.

Five dimensions
The concept of dimensions of interaction design were introduced in Moggridge's book Designing Interactions. Crampton Smith wrote that interaction design draws on four existing design languages, 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D. Kevin Silver later proposed a fifth dimension, behaviour.

Words

This dimension defines interactions: words are the element that users interact with.

Visual representations

Visual representations are the elements of an interface that the user perceives; these may include but are not limited to "typography, diagrams, icons, and other graphics".

Physical objects or space

This dimension defines the objects or space "with which or within which users interact".

Time

The time during which the user interacts with the interface. An example of this includes "content that changes over time such as sound, video or animation".

Behavior

Behavior defines how users respond to the interface. Users may have different reactions in this interface.

Interaction Design Association
The Interaction Design Association was created in 2003 to serve the community. The organization has over 80,000 members and more than 173 local groups. IxDA hosts Interaction the annual interaction design conference, and the Interaction Awards.

Related disciplines
Industrial design
The core principles of industrial design overlap with those of interaction design. Industrial designers use their knowledge of physical form, color, aesthetics, human perception and desire, and usability to create a fit of an object with the person using it.

Human factors and ergonomics
Certain basic principles of ergonomics provide grounding for interaction design. These include anthropometry, biomechanics, kinesiology, physiology and psychology as they relate to human behavior in the built environment.

Cognitive psychology
Certain basic principles of cognitive psychology provide grounding for interaction design. These include mental models, mapping, interface metaphors, and affordances. Many of these are laid out in Donald Norman's influential book The Design of Everyday Things.

Human–computer interaction
Academic research in human–computer interaction (HCI) includes methods for describing and testing the usability of interacting with an interface, such as cognitive dimensions and the cognitive walkthrough.

Design research
Interaction designers are typically informed through iterative cycles of user research. User research is used to identify the needs, motivations and behaviors of end users. They design with an emphasis on user goals and experience, and evaluate designs in terms of usability and affective influence.

Architecture
As interaction designers increasingly deal with ubiquitous computing, urban informatics and urban computing, the architects' ability to make, place, and create context becomes a point of contact between the disciplines.

User interface design
Like user interface design and experience design, interaction design is often associated with the design of system interfaces in a variety of media but concentrates on the aspects of the interface that define and present its behavior over time, with a focus on developing the system to respond to the user's experience and not the other way around.

See also

Activity-centered design
Attentive user interface
Chief experience officer (CXO)
Data presentation architecture
Hardware interface design
Human Experience Design
Human interface guidelines (user friendly computer application designs)
Information architecture
Instructional design
Interaction Design Foundation
Interaction design pattern
Interactive systems engineering
Interactivity
Interface design
Kinetic user interface
Mobile interaction
Service design
Sonic interaction design
Transgenerational design
Usability
User experience design
User-centered design
Web literacy (creating interactive experiences on the web)
Media psychology
Design prototyping

References

Further reading

Jones, Matt & Gary Marsden: Mobile Interaction Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2006, .

Human–computer interaction
Design
Technical communication
Usability
Multimodal interaction

Interaction design


est un commandant militaire et un daimyo de la période Azuchi-Momoyama au début de la période Edo. Il était un vassal du clan Tokugawa. Il était la deuxième (ou la troisième) génération du clan Naitō du domaine de Takatō.

Biographie
Né en 1577, il est le fils aîné de Naitō Kiyonari, un vassal du clan Tokugawa.

En 1604, il accompagne Tokugawa Iemitsu lors de sa première visite au sanctuaire de Sanno, et l'année suivante, il accompagne Tokugawa Hidetada dans la capitale. En 1607, il reçoit l'ordre de servir Iemitsu comme chef du shoin-ban, la garde du shōgun. En 1616, il est nommé au poste de Rōjū. Comme son père, Kiyonari, il était très respecté en politique et a soutenu le shogunat d'Edo à ses débuts.

Il reçoit  koku dans la province de Tokoriku, et en 1600, il est promu au rang de gouverneur de Wakasa. En 1608, à la mort de son père, il hérite de 21.000 koku, ce qui lui donne un total de 26.000 koku.

Il est mort en 1617 à l'âge de . Comme il n'a pas d'héritier mâle, son second frère Kiyomasa lui succède.

Références

Personnalité japonaise du XVIe siècle
Personnalité japonaise du XVIIe siècle
Naissance en 1577
Décès en août 1617
Décès à 41 ans

Naitō Kiyotsugu


Íslendingabók, Libellus Islandorum eller Bogen om islændingene, er et historisk værk om Islands tidligste historie. Forfatteren er den islandske lærde Are Torgilsson Frode, som skrev det tidligt i 1100-tallet. Bogen eksisterede i to forskellige versioner, men kun den yngste har overlevet. Den ældre indeholdt også oplysninger om de norske konger, som senere sagaskribenter drog nytte af.

Præsten Jón Erlendsson i Villingaholt (død 1672) skrev i tjeneste hos biskop Brynjólfur Sveinsson  to kopier af Íslendingabók (nu mærket som AM 113 a fol og AM 113 b fol på Árni Magnússon instituttet). Den sidste udgave kom, fordi biskoppen var misfornøjet med den første. Originalen, som den blev kopieret fra, formodes at være fra omkring 1200. Den gik tabt i 1600-tallet, og da Árni Magnússon ledte efter den, var den sporløst forsvundet.

Stil og kilder
Íslendingabók er et meget omfattende arbejde. Den omhandler de vigtigste hændelser i Islands tidligste historie, skrevet i en knap prosa, som siden er blevet karakteriseret som sagastil. Da forfatteren kun havde mundtlige fortællinger at forholde sig til, var han meget opmærksom på at opgive sine kilder ved navn. Are Frode undgår overnaturligt materiale og kristne fordomme. Forordet til bogen udtaler udtrykkeligt, at hvad der måtte være forkert i bogen, vil blive korrigeret til "det, som kan blive bevist til at være mest mulig sandt". På grund af disse kvaliteter og den tid, den blev skrevet, betragter nutidens historikere bogen som den pålideligste kilde til Islands første historie.

Indhold
Med undtagelse af forordet og en genealogi (slægtshistorie) i slutningen er Íslendingabók inddelt i ti korte kapitler:

Forord

1. Islands bosætning

Island blev beboet på den tid, da Harald Hårfagre regerede, af udflyttere fra Norge. Den første bosætter, Ingolf Arnarsson, bosatte sig i Reykjavík. Nogle få irske munke forlod øen, da de ikke ville leve sammen med hedninge. Da de første bosættere kom til Island, var øen skovklædt "fra kysten til fjeldene".

2. Indførelse af loven fra Norge

Da Island i større grad var blevet beboet, blev en Ulvljot den første mand, som bragte et lovværk til Island fra Norge. En anden, Grim Geitesko, undersøgte hele Island, før Alltinget (Alþingi) kunne oprettes. Forfatteren er noget uklar på dette punkt. Antageligvis udforskede Grim landet for at finde et egnet sted for tinget.

3. Etablering af Alltinget

Alltinget blev etableret på Tingvoldene (Þingvellir), som blev fælles ejendom. Efter 60 år var bosættelsen af Island fuldstændig. Ulvljot blev den første lovsigemand.

4. Ændring af kalenderen

De klogeste mænd på Island opdagede, at kalenderen var ved at komme ud af trit med årstiderne. Problemet beroede på, at kalenderen havde 52 uger: 364 dage. Efterhånden kom de til den konklusion, at selv om året manglede en dag, ville de ikke benytte et år, som ikke havde et lige antal uger. En Torstein Surt (Þorsteinn surtr) fremkom med en sindrig løsning – en hel uge skulle lægges til for hvert syvende år. Forslaget blev vedtaget af Alltinget.

5. Inddelingen af Island i fjerdinger

Systemet med sporadiske lovsamlinger blev uhåndterligt, og der opstod et behov for en standardisering. En Tord Gell (Þórðr gellir) beskrev på Alltinget sine vanskeligheder med at retsforfølge en sag på det lokale ting. Han foreslog, at landet skulle inddeles i fire fjerdinger med hvert sit fjerdingsting. I hver fjerding blev der holdt tre herredsting, bortset fra den nordlige, hvor der blev holdt fire, eftersom nordboerne ikke kunne enes om tre.

6. Opdagelsen og bosættelsen af Grønland

Grønland blev opdaget og befolket fra Island omkring 985. Erik den Røde gav landet dets indbydende navn for at opmuntre folk til at flytte dertil. De norrøne bosættere fandt spor af tidligere menneskelig aktivitet og sluttede, at de, som havde boet der, var i slægt med skrællingerne på Vinland.

7. Island går over til kristendommen

Den norske kong Olav Tryggvason sendte den missionerende præst Tangbrand (Þangbrandr) til Island for at omvende beboerne til kristendommen. Han havde held til at døbe et par høvdinge, men mødte også modstand og endte med at dræbe to eller tre mand, som havde digtet et niddigt om ham. Han drog tilbage til Norge efter et eller to år med en opremsning af trivielle klager og fortalte kongen, at han har ringe tro på, at landet kan blive omvendt. Kongen blev rasende over at høre det og truede med at fængsle eller dræbe alle islændinge i Norge. To islandske høvdinger, som var omvendt af Tangbrant, mødte kongen og lovede at hjælpe til med at få landet omvendt.

Sommeren 999 eller 1000 nåede spørgsmålet om religion et kritisk punkt på Alltinget. De kristne og de hedenske ville ikke dele de samme love. De kristne valgte en ny lovsigemand for sig selv, Hallr á Síðu. Han aftalte med Torgeir Ljósvetningagoði, den hedenske lovsigemand, at Torgeir skulle komme med et kompromis, som alle kunne godtage.

Torgeir gik til sin lejr og forblev i teltet resten af dagen og næste nat. Dagen efter talte han ved Lögberg. Han sagde, at der kun var én måde at beholde freden i landet på: at alle adlød samme love og havde samme religion.

Þat mon verða satt, es vér slítum í sundr lögin, at vér monum slíta ok friðinn.
Det vil vise sig som sandt, at om vi river lovene i stykker, vil vi også rive freden i stykker.

Før han forelagde sit kompromis, fik han forsamlingen til at love at holde sig til ét lovværk for alle i landet. Torgeir sagde, at alle, som ikke allerede var døbt, skulle konvertere til kristendommen, med tre undtagelser:
 Det skulle fortsat være tilladt at udsætte uønskede barn
 Det skulle fortsat være tilladt at spise hestekød
 Det skulle fortsat være tilladt at blote i eget hus, blot ingen andre så det.

Nogle år senere blev disse undtagelser ophævet.

8-10. Biskopperne og lovsigemændene på Island

Genealogi

Litteratur
 Finnur Jónsson (redaktør) (1930). Are hinn fróþe Þorgilsson : Íslendingabók. København. Jørgensen & co.s Bogtrykkeri. Tilgængelig online hos www.heimskringla.no: islendingabok
 Jakob Benediktsson (redaktør) (1968). Íslenzk fornrit I : Íslendingabók : Landnámabók. Reykjavík. Hið íslenzka fornritafélag.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Íslendingabók fra «Kulturformidlingen Norrøne Tekster og Kvad» i Norge.

Islendingabok
Islendingabok

Íslendingabók


Barrow Creek es una pequeña población de 11 habitantes al sur del Territorio del Norte, en Australia. Está localizada junto a la Stuart Highway (carretera Stuart), a unos 280 kilómetros al norte de la ciudad de Alice Springs, aproximadamente a medio camino con la ciudad de Tennant Creek. La principal característica de la localidad es la existencia de un hotel de carretera y una pista de aterrizaje de tierra. Varias compañías mineras exploran actualmente el área, aunque ninguno de sus residentes trabaja en la industria minera.

Referencias

Enlaces

Localidades del Territorio del Norte

Barrow Creek


Das Polytechnische Institut Lissabon (portugiesisch: Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, kurz IPL) ist eine technische Hochschule in der portugiesischen Hauptstadt Lissabon.

Das IPL gehört zu einer Reihe technischer Hochschulen in Portugal, die alle staatlich geführt werden. Die Hochschule wurde 1986 gegründet und zählt an ihren sechs Schulen und zwei Instituten 14.540 Studenten und 1335 Professoren (Stand 1. Semester 2012).

Schulen
Das Polytechnische Institut Lissabon besteht aus sechs sogenannten Schulen (escolas):
 die Tanzhochschule Escola Superior de Dança (ESD)
 die Erziehungswissenschaftliche Schule Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa (ESELx)
 die Kommunikationswissenschaftliche Hochschule Escola  Superior de Comunicação Social (ESCS)
 die Musikhochschule Escola Superior de Música de Lisboa (ESML)
 die Theater- und Filmhochschule Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema (ESTC)
 die Gesundheitswissenschaftliche Schule Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa (ESTeSL)
Dazu kommen zwei weitere Einrichtungen:
 das Finanzwissenschaftliche Institut Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração de Lisboa (ISCAL)
 das Ingenieurwissenschaftliche Institut Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL)

Siehe auch
 Liste der Universitäten und Hochschulen in Portugal

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

Einzelnachweise

Lissabon
Lissabon
Bildung und Forschung in Lissabon
Benfica (Lissabon)
Gegründet 1986

Polytechnisches Institut Lissabon


Night Shift is a 1982 American comedy film directed by Ron Howard. The film centers on a timid night-shift morgue employee whose life is turned upside down by a new co-worker who fancies himself a free-spirited entrepreneur. It stars Howard's Happy Days co-star Henry Winkler along with Michael Keaton, in his first starring role,"Michael Keaton looks back on Batman, Beetlejuice, and more of his memorable roles" by Leah Greenblatt at ew.com and Shelley Long. Also appearing are Richard Belzer and Clint Howard. There are brief scenes with a young Kevin Costner"Kevin Costner" by Norman Wilner, Toronto Star (24 Aug, 1991) Retrieved from  as "frat boy #1", Shannen Doherty as a Bluebird scout,"Obscure Movie Review: Night Shift, a star studded comedy that ended up a John Doe" Mudgee Guardian and Gulgong Advertiser (16 May, 2020) Retrieved from  Vincent Schiavelli as a man who delivers a sandwich,"Vincent Schiavelli Cuckoo's Nest character actor with unforgettable features" by Alison Kerr, The Herald (29 Dec, 2005) [Final Edition] Retrieved from  and Charles Fleischer"Film Notes: Fleischer tunes up his 'Toony' voice for Roger Rabbit" by Lawrence Van Gelder, The Globe and Mail (1 July, 1988)  Retrieved from  as one of the jail prisoners.

Winkler was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy,"Officer takes the lead in Golden Globe rush" The Globe and Mail (11 Jan, 1983) Retrieved from  while Keaton won the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Plot
Charles "Chuck" Lumley, formerly a successful stockbroker, has found a refuge from the ulcer-inducing Wall Street rat race in his job as an attendant at a New York City morgue. His displeasure at being "promoted" to night-shift supervisor to make room for his boss' nephew, Leonard, is exacerbated by the irrational exuberance of Bill "Blaze" Blazejowski, his new co-worker. They are inspired by the plight of Chuck's prostitute neighbor, Belinda, to apply Chuck's financial acumen and Bill's entrepreneurial spirit to open a prostitution service headquartered at the morgue.

Chuck falls in love with Belinda, but their relationship becomes complicated when Belinda refuses to quit prostitution. Chuck's passiveness keeps him from telling Belinda he loves her. Meanwhile, Chuck and Bill's foray into the prostitution business draws the ire of dangerous pimps who come to the morgue and threaten to kill Chuck. Bill inadvertently leads two undercover police officers to the morgue where Chuck is being assaulted by the pimps. A shootout ensues. Chuck and Bill are rescued, but are arrested for promoting prostitution. Because their arrest would be a political embarrassment, the two men are offered their old jobs back and a dismissal of all charges. Chuck accepts this, but Bill sees it as an opportunity to bargain with the mayor's office. Chuck and Bill fight and part ways. Chuck's fiancée Charlotte ends their engagement.

Chuck sees Belinda in the hall of their apartment complex, but again fails to express his true feelings for her. Belinda leaves, and Chuck becomes angry with himself for being afraid. With renewed determination, Chuck finds Belinda working in an adult club and professes his love for her. He also finds Bill is employed there, apologizes for his harsh words, and assures Bill of the value of his creative ideas. The three leave the club together and go out on the town.

Cast

Soundtrack
The film's opening theme song is "Night Shift" by Quarterflash."Night Shift Let Ron Howard Direct a Morgue-Set Sex Romp 40 Years Ago" by Craig D. Lindsey at www.pastemagazine.com The closing theme song, "That's What Friends Are For" was written by Burt Bacharach and Carole Bayer Sager and performed by Rod Stewart. It gained popularity a few years later when covered by Dionne Warwick, Elton John, Gladys Knight, and Stevie Wonder.

The official soundtrack was released in 1982 on the Warner Bros. label, It included ten selected tracks from the film, six of which were written specifically for the film:

"Night Shift" by Quarterflash
"Street Talk" by Burt Bacharach
"Girls Know How" by Al Jarreau
"The Love Too Good to Last" by The Pointer Sisters
"That's What Friends Are For" by Rod Stewart
"Someday, Someway" by Marshall Crenshaw
"Penthouse and Pavement" by Heaven 17
"Talk Talk" by Talk Talk
"Everlasting Love" by Rufus and Chaka Khan
"That's What Friends Are For (Night Shift Love Theme) (instrumental)" by Burt Bacharach

The soundtrack was released solely on vinyl and cassette. The versions of "Talk Talk" and "Penthouse and Pavement" that are on the soundtrack are different from any other releases of the songs as they were specially mixed for the soundtrack.

Other songs heard in the film include "You Really Got Me" by Van Halen and a live version of "Jumpin' Jack Flash" by the Rolling Stones, taken from the 1977 live album Love You Live; a section of "Cutting Branches for a Temporary Shelter" by the Penguin Cafe Orchestra is also heard.

Reception

Box office
Night Shift grossed $21,095,638 million at the domestic box office.

Critical reception
Night Shift received mostly positive reviews from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 93% based on 28 reviews, with an average rating of 6.70/10. The site's critics consensus reads, "Night Shift bristles with pitch-perfect laughs thanks to Ron Howard's snappy direction and a side-splitting turn from Michael Keaton." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 62 out of 100, based on 11 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Many reviewers praised the performances of the two male leads, particularly Michael Keaton.

TV Guide Movie Guide wrote that "Winkler turns in the best performance of his career, and Keaton is wonderful." The Chicago Reader Jonathan Rosenbaum compared Night Shift to the subsequent comedy film Risky Business (which also dealt with the theme of prostitution), noting that Night Shift is not "as snappily directed or as caustically conceived, ... but it's arguably just as sexy and almost as funny." Janet Maslin of The New York Times, however, deemed Night Shift "a halfway funny movie, one that's got loads of good gags in its first half and nothing but trouble in its second." Gene Siskel, writing in the Chicago Tribune, gave the film two stars out of four but hailed Keaton's "superb comic performance", writing that "based on this one role, I would now pay to see Keaton in just about anything. Anything except Night Shift."

References

External links

1982 films
1982 comedy films
1980s sex comedy films
American sex comedy films
Films about prostitution in the United States
Films directed by Ron Howard
Films produced by Brian Grazer
Films scored by Burt Bacharach
Films set in New York City
Films with screenplays by Babaloo Mandel
Films with screenplays by Lowell Ganz
The Ladd Company films
Warner Bros. films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films

Night Shift (1982 film)


Bela (?, oko 1249. – ?, 1269.), hrvatski herceg od 1261. do 1269. godine, iz dinastije Arpadovića. Bio je najmlađi sin hrvatsko-ugarskog kralja Bele IV. (1235. – 1270.) i kraljice Marije Laskaris. Otac ga je 1261. godine imenovao hercegom Slavonije, Hrvatske i Dalmacije, ali tu je dužnost preuzeo 1268. godine.

Godine 1264. oženio je Kunigundu Aksijansku, kćer brandenburškog markgrofa Otona III. († 1267.). Umro je mlad, a njegova udovica se preudala za vojvodu Walerana IV. od Limburga († 1279.).

Arpadovići
Hrvatski hercezi

Bela (herceg)


La adustión es la cauterización o acción del fuego  fue considerada como remedio quirúrgico.

Derecho canónino
Los cánones de la Iglesia católica prohibieron durante muchos siglos a los sacerdotes dedicarse al ejercicio de la medicina y especialmente a la cirugía, por considerar ciertas prácticas, sobre todo la adustión, como indignas del sacerdocio. Varios concilios trataron de esto y en especial el celebrado en Tours en 1162, que prohibía terminantemente a los clérigos practicar toda operación cruenta cualquiera que ella fuese.

Véase también
Cauterización

Referencias

Tratamientos en medicina

Adustión


An Najas marina in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné. An Najas marina in nahilalakip ha genus nga Najas, ngan familia nga Hydrocharitaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo diri gud kababarak-an.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 N. m. arsenariensis
 N. m. commersonii
 N. m. marina
 N. m. sumatrana
 N. m. brachycarpa
 N. m. grossidentata
 N. m. intermedia
 N. m. zollingeri

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Najas

Najas marina


SL-79 (forkortelse for Sporvogn Ledd bestilt i 1979) er en type sporvogne udformet som ledvogne, der benyttes på Oslos sporveje. Der er leveret 40 sporvogne fordelt på to serier. De første 25 vogne, SL-79/I, blev sat i drift i 1982, mens de sidste 15, SL-79/II, fulgte i 1989. De to serier ligner hinanden meget, om end SL-79/II har et lidt anderledes interiør, ligesom der er nogle mindre tekniske forskelle. Derudover blev SL-79/I leveret med en enkelt bagdør i venstre side, som SL-79/II ikke har. De første 10 vogne blev produceret af Duewag i Düsseldorf og resten af Strømmens Værksted (siden 1988 EB Strømmens Verksted). Vognene har 71 siddepladser og 66 ståpladser.

Ved leveringen fra Strømmens Værksted til Oslo benyttedes NSB's spornet. Vognene blev koblet til et diesellokomotiv og trukket til det nuværende sporterræn ved Oslo S. I begyndelsen af 1980'erne var der et forbindelsesspor, som gjorde det muligt at skubbe vognene over på sporvejsskinnerne. Her blev strømaftageren hævet, hvorefter sporvognene kunne køre til remisen i Holtet for egen kraft.

I dag er SL-79 den eneste type sporvogn, der benyttes i normal drift på linjerne til Majorstuen (11, 12 og 19). Desuden benyttes de sammen med de nyere SL-95 på linje 13. Derimod benyttes de normalt ikke på Ullevål hageby-linjen (linje 17 og 18) til Rikshospitalet, da endestationen der ikke har en vendesløjfe, der er nødvendig for at vende SL-79, der kun har en vognstyrerplads i den ene ende. Den tidligere endestation på Ullevål hageby-linjen, John Colletts plass, har dog en vendesløjfe.

Til trods for deres alder anser trafikselskabet Ruter Sl-79 for at være robuste vogne i god teknisk stand. Interiøret er dog noget slidt, og en del vogne har rustskader. Derudover lever de ikke op til kravene om universelt design, da de har højt gulv. Ruter lagde derfor i 2011 op til, at en plan for udfasning af de ældste vogne burde træde i kraft senest i 2017, mens SL-70/II kan holdes i drift til omkring 2025-2028.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

 Tv2nyhetene.no – Ny milliardsmell for Oslo-trafikken (23.09.2010) – Om anskaffelse af nye sporvogne

Oslos sporveje
Sporvogne

SL-79


→ Bu madde 28 Şubat tarihiyle ilgilidir. Aynı gün MGK'da alınan kararlar ile başlayan süreç için 28 Şubat süreci'ne bakınız.

Olaylar
 1855 - 1855 Bursa Depremi meydana geldi.
 1870 - Osmanlı padişahı Abdülaziz "Bulgar Eksarhanesinin" (Rumlardan bağımsız Bulgar Ortodoks Kilisesi) kurulmasına izin verdi.
 1902 - Gürcistan'ın başkenti Batum'da bulunan Rothschild fabrikasında işten çıkartmalara karşı 400 işçinin katılımıyla bir grev yapıldı. Polis 32 işçiyi tutukladı. Grev öncesinde fabrikada kurulan grev komitesinin lideri Jozef Stalin'di.
 1919 - Nasrullah Han'ın yerine tahta çıkan Amanullah Han, tahta çıkma töreninde yaptığı konuşmada Afganistan'ın bağımsızlığını ilan etti.
 1921 - TBMM'de ilk bütçe kabul edildi.
 1922 - Mısır, Birleşik Krallık'tan bağımsızlığını ilan etti.
 1935 - Wallace Carothers, naylonu keşfetti.
 1939 - Sözlük yazımı tarihinin en ünlü hatalarından biri keşfedildi, Webster's New International Dictionary nin 2. Baskısında Dord adlı uydurma bir kelimenin yoğunluk karşılığıyla baskıya verildiği anlaşıldı.
 1940 - İlk kez bir basketbol maçı ABD'de televizyondan naklen yayınlandı. Fordham ile Pittsburgh Üniversiteleri takımlarının Madison Square Garden'da yaptığı basketbol maçı, televizyondan yayımlanan ilk basketbol karşılaşması oldu.
 1942 - II. Dünya Savaşı: Japon İmparatorluk Donanması ile Müttefik Deniz Kuvvetleri arasında, Java ve Sumatra adalarını ayıran Sunda Boğazı'nda, Sunda Boğazı Muharebesi gerçekleşti.
 1942 - İstanbul Vezneciler'deki Zeynep Hanım Konağı (İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi binası) tamamen yandı.
 1945 - Türkiye, Birleşmiş Milletler Beyannamesi'ni imzaladı.
 1953 - Türkiye, Yunanistan ve Yugoslavya arasında, Balkan Paktı adıyla Dostluk ve İşbirliği Antlaşması, Ankara'da imzalandı.
 1959 - Sivil Savunma Yasa Tasarısı 7126 kanun numarası ile yürürlüğe konuldu.
 1947 - Tayvan'da halk ayaklanması büyük can kayıpları verilerek bastırıldı.
 1949 - İstanbul Şehzadebaşı'nda Özel Gazetecilik Okulu açıldı.
 1967 - Anadol marka ilk Türk otomobili 26.800 liradan piyasaya sürüldü.
 1975 - Londra'da metro kazası: 43 kişi öldü.
 1977 - Malatya'da İnönü Üniversitesi ile iki yüksek okul hizmete açıldı.
 1980 - Yurt dışında çalışan vatandaşlara dövizle askerlik yapma imkânı tanıyan yasa TBMM'de kabul edildi.
 1983 - ABD'de M*A*S*H adlı televizyon dizisinin son bölümü yayınlandı. 106 ilâ 125 milyon kişinin izlediği tahmin edilen bu bölüm televizyon tarihinin en çok izlenilen dizi bölümü olma unvanını da kazanmış oldu.
 1986 - İsveç başbakanı Olof Palme, bir suikast sonucu öldürüldü.
 1994 - Kuzey Atlantik Antlaşması tarihinin ilk saldırısını Sırplara karşı gerçekleştirdi.
 1997 - Türkiye Millî Güvenlik Kurulu'nun 9 saat süren toplantısında 28 Şubat süreci olarak adlandırılan kararlar alındı. Bu kararlar, irticayı Türkiye'nin önündeki en büyük tehlike olarak saptadı. MGK'da, Atatürk ilke ve inkılaplarının ödünsüz uygulanması kararı verildi.
 1998 - Kosova Savaşı: Sırp güvenlik güçlerinin UÇK'ya karşı bastırma harekâtı başladı.
 2001 - Ulusal Bank'a el konuldu.
 2002 - Hindistan'ın Ahmedabad kentinde Hinduların ateşe verdiği, Müslümanlara ait evlerde 55 kişi öldü.
 2003 - Ankara Bir Numaralı Devlet Güvenlik Mahkemesi, kapatılan DEP'in 4 eski milletvekilinin yeniden yargılanma istemini kabul etti.
 2008 - Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Savunma Bakanı Robert Gates Ankara'ya geldi ve Türkiye'nin Irak'a düzenlediği Güneş Operasyonu'yla ilgili olarak temaslarda bulundu.

Doğumlar
 1533 - Michel de Montaigne, Fransız yazar ve düşünür (ö. 1592)
 1573 - Elias Holl, Alman mimar (ö. 1646)
 1683 - Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur, Fransız bilim insanı (ö. 1757)
 1690 - Aleksey Petroviç, Rus çareviç (ö. 1718)
 1792 - Johann Georg Hiedler, Adolf Hitler'in büyükbabası (ö. 1857)
 1820 - John Tenniel, İngiliz çizer, grafik mizahçı ve politik karikatürist (ö. 1914)
 1823 - Ernest Renan, Fransız filozof, tarihçi ve filolog (ö. 1892)
 1833 - Alfred Graf von Schlieffen, Alman general (ö. 1913)
 1843 - Đorđe Simić, Sırp siyasetçi ve diplomat (ö. 1921)
 1860 - Kaarlo Castrén, Finlandiya Başbakanı (ö. 1938)
 1872 - Mehdi Frashëri, Arnavutluk Başbakanı (ö. 1963)
 1873 - Georges Theunis, Belçika'nın 24. Başbakanı (ö. 1966)
 1878 - Mary Meigs Atwater, Amerikalı dokumacı (ö. 1956)
 1882 - Geraldine Farrar, Amerikalı opera sanatçısı ve oyuncu (ö. 1967)
 1886 - İsmail Hakkı Baltacıoğlu, Türk eğitimci, yazar, hattat, siyasetçi ve Cumhuriyet döneminin ilk rektörü (ö. 1978)
 1892 - Muhsin Ertuğrul, Türk tiyatro sanatçısı (ö. 1979)
 1894 - Ben Hecht, Amerikalı yazar ve senarist (ö. 1964)
 1895 - Marcel Pagnol, Fransız yazar, oyun yazarı ve yönetmen (ö. 1974)
 1896 - Philip Showalter Hench, Amerikalı hekim (ö. 1965)
 1898 - Zeki Rıza Sporel, Türk futbolcu, millî takımın ve Fenerbahçe'nin efsane futbolcusu (ö. 1969)
 1901 - Linus Pauling, Amerikalı kimyacı ve Nobel Kimya Ödülü ve Nobel Barış Ödülü sahibi (ö. 1994)
 1903 - Vincente Minnelli, Amerikalı yönetmen ve En İyi Yönetmen Akademi Ödülü sahibi (ö. 1986)
 1915 - Peter Medawar, Brezilyalı/Büyük Britanyalı biyolog (ö. 1987)
 1915 - Zero Mostel, Amerikalı aktör (ö. 1977)
 1916 - Svend Asmussen, Danimarkalı caz müzisyeni (ö. 2017)
 1921 - Saul Zaentz, Amerikalı film yapımcısı (ö. 2014)
 1923 - Charles Durning, Amerikalı sinema, sahne ve televizyon oyuncusu (ö. 2012)
 1928 - Kuzgun Acar, Türk heykeltıraş (ö. 1976)
 1928 - Stanley Baker, Galli aktör ve film yapımcısı (ö. 1976)
 1928 - Erol Taş, Türk sinema oyuncusu (ö. 1998)
 1929 - Frank Gehry, Kanadalı mimar ve tasarımcı
 1930 - Leon Cooper, John Bardeen ve Robert Schrieffer ile birlikte Nobel Fizik Ödülü'nü kazanan Amerikalı fizikçidir
 1931 - Peter Alliss, İngiliz eski profesyonel golfçü, televizyon sunucusu, ve golf sahası tasarımcısı (ö. 2020)
 1931 - Gavin MacLeod, Amerikalı aktör, yazar ve aktivis (ö. 2021)
 1933 - Jennifer Kendal, İngiliz aktris (ö. 1984)
 1939 - Daniel Tsui, Amerikalı fizikçi ve Nobel Fizik Ödülü sahibi
 1939 - Thomas Tune, Amerikalı aktör, dansçı, şarkıcı, tiyatro yönetmeni, yapımcı ve koreograf
 1940 - Mario Andretti, Amerikalı Formula 1 pilotu
 1942 - Brian Jones, İngiliz müzisyen (The Rolling Stones'un kurucu üyesi) (ö. 1969)
 1942 - Dino Zoff, İtalyan eski millî kaleci
 1944 - Kelly Bishop, Amerikalı oyuncu ve dansçı
 1944 - Sepp Maier, Alman eski kaleci
 1944 - Storm Thorgerson, Hipgnosis'in kurucusu İngiliz grafiker (ö. 2013)
 1945 - Bubba Smith, Amerikalı oyuncu (ö. 2011)
 1946 - Robin Cook, Britanyalı politikacı (ö. 2005)
 1947 - Deniz Gezmiş, Türk siyasi aktivist (ö.1972)
 1947 - Tatyana Vasilyeva, Rus aktris
 1948 - Steven Chu, Amerikalı fizikçi ve Nobel Fizik Ödülü sahibi
 1948 - Bernadette Peters, Amerikalı oyuncu, şarkıcı ve çocuk kitabı yazarı
 1953 - Paul Krugman, Amerikalı ekonomist ve yazar
 1954 - Doru Ana, Rumen aktör (ö. 2022)
 1954 - Ümit Kayıhan, Türk futbolcu ve teknik direktör (ö. 2018)
 1955 - Gilbert Gottfried, Amerikalı oyuncu, komedyen ve seslendirme sanatçısı
 1965 - Park Gok-ji, Güney Koreli bir film editörüdür
 1966 - Paulo Futre, Portekizli eski millî futbolcu
 1966 - Roman Kosecki, Polonyalı futbolcu
 1966 - Philip Reeve, İngiliz yazar
 1968 - Sibel Turnagöl, Türk sinema oyuncusu
 1969 - Robert Sean Leonard, Amerikalı oyuncu
 1970 - Daniel Handler, Amerikalı yazar
 1974 - Lee Carsley, İrlandalı millî futbolcu ve teknik direktör
 1974 - Alexander Zickler, Alman millî futbolcu ve teknik direktör
 1976 - Ali Larter, Amerikalı oyuncu ve model
 1980 - Piotr Giza, Polonyalı futbolcu
 1980 - Tayshaun Prince, Amerikalı profesyonel basketbolcu
 1982 - Natalya Vodyanova, Rus model, hayırsever, girişimci ve konuşmacı
 1984 - Laura Asadauskaitė, Litvan modern pentatlet
 1984 - Cody Bryant, Amerikalı pornografik film oyuncusu
 1984 - Karolína Kurková, Çek model
 1985 - Diego, Brezilyalı futbolcu
 1985 - Jelena Jankovic, Sırp tenis oyuncusu
 1987 - Antonio Candreva, İtalyan millî futbolcu
 1987 - Yeliz Kuvancı, Türk dizi oyuncusu
 1989 - Lena Aylin Erdil, Türk rüzgâr sörfçüsü
 1990 - Takayasu Akira, Japon profesyonel sumo güreşçisi
 1993 - Emmelie de Forest, Danimarkalı pop şarkıcısı ve 2013 Eurovision Şarkı Yarışması birincisi
 1994 - Arkadiusz Milik, Polonyalı millî futbolcu
 1995 - Dilan Çiçek Deniz, Türk oyuncu
 1995 - Uche Ikpeazu, Ugandalı futbolcu
 1996 - Lucas Boyé, Arjantinli futbolcu
 1999 - Luka Dončić, Sloven profesyonel basketbolcu

Ölümler
 628 - II. Hüsrev, Sasani İmparatorluğu'nun 590–628 yılları arasındaki hükümdarı (d. 570)
 1648 - IV. Christian, Danimarka ve Norveç kralı (d. 1577)
 1687 - Ermeni Süleyman Paşa, Osmanlı devlet adamı (d. 1607)
 1702 - Müneccimbaşı Ahmed Dede, Osmanlı tarihçisi (d. 1631)
 1810 - Jacques-André Naigeon, Fransız sanatçı ve ateist filozof (d. 1738)
 1812 - Hugo Kołłątaj, Polonyalı Katolik rahip, sosyal ve politik aktivist, politik düşünür, tarihçi ve filozof (d. 1750)
 1869 - Alphonse de Lamartine, Fransız yazar, şair ve politikacı (d. 1790)
 1916 - Henry James, Amerikalı yazar (d. 1843)
 1925 - Friedrich Ebert, Almanya'nın ilk cumhurbaşkanı (d. 1871)
 1929 - Clemens von Pirquet, Avusturyalı doktor ve bilim insanı (d. 1874)
 1932 - Guillaume Bigourdan, Fransız astronom (d. 1861)
 1936 - Charles Nicolle, Fransız biyolog, akademisyen ve Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü sahibi (d. 1866)
 1941 - XIII. Alfonso, İspanya Kralı (d. 1886)
 1958 - Osman Zeki Üngör, Türk besteci ve orkestra şefi, İstiklâl Marşı'nın bestecisi (d. 1880)
 1963 - Racendra Prasad, Hindistan'ın ilk cumhurbaşkanı (d. 1884)
 1966 - Charles Bassett, Amerikalı elektrik mühendisi ve ABD Hava Kuvvetleri test pilotu (d. 1931)
 1985 - Mazhar Şevket İpşiroğlu, Türk sanat tarihçisi (d. 1908)
 1986 - Olof Palme, İsveçli siyasetçi ve devlet adamı (d. 1927)
 1986 - Orhan Apaydın, Türk hukukçu ve yazar, İstanbul Barosu eski başkanlarından (d. 1926)
 1990 - Salim Başol, Türk hukukçu, Yassıada Yargılamalarını yapan Yüksek Adalet Divanı'nın başkanı (d. 1908)
 2006 - Owen Chamberlain, Amerikalı fizikçi ve Nobel Ödülü sahibi (d. 1920)
 2007 - Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Amerikalı tarihçi (d. 1917)
 2008 - Senih Orkan, Türk oyuncu (d. 1932)
 2011 - Annie Girardot, Fransız oyuncu (d. 1931)
 2011 - Jane Russell, Amerikalı sinema oyuncusu (d. 1921)
 2013 - Bruce Reynolds, İngiliz çete lideri (d. 1931)
 2013 - Donald Arthur Glaser, Rus asıllı Amerikalı fizikçi ve Nobel Fizik Ödülü sahibi (d. 1926)
 2015 - Yaşar Kemal, Türk romancı, senaryo ve öykü yazarı (d. 1923)
 2016 - George Kennedy, Amerikalı oyuncu (d. 1925)
 2017 - Elisabeth Waldheim, eski Avusturya first ladylerinden (d. 1922)
 2018 - Barry Crimmins, Amerikalı aktör (d. 1953)
 2019 - Norma Paulus, Amerikalı hukukçu ve siyasetçi (d. 1933)
 2019 - André Previn, Alman-Amerikalı film müziği bestecisi, piyanist ve orkestra şefi (d. 1929)
 2020 - Freeman Dyson, İngiltere doğumlu Amerikalı teorik fizikçi ve matematikçi (d. 1923)
 2021 - Sabah Abdül Celil, Iraklı eski millî futbolcu ve teknik direktör (d. 1951)
 2021 - Milan Bandić, Hırvat siyasetçi (d. 1955)
 2021 - Aqel Biltaji, Ürdünlü politikacı (d. 1941)
 2021 - Johnny Briggs, İngiliz aktör (d. 1935)
 2021 - Glenn Roeder, İngiliz teknik direktör ve eski millî futbolcu (d. 1955)
 2021 - Yusuf Şaban, Mısırlı aktör (d. 1931)
 2022 - John A. Murphy, İrlandalı siyasetçi ve tarihçi (d. 1927)
 2022 - Yadlapati Venkata Rao, Hint siyasetçi (d. 1919)
 2022 - Sadi Somuncuoğlu, Türk siyasetçi ve gazeteci (d. 1940)
 2023 - Kazım Akşar, Türk oyuncu (d. 1953)
 2023 - Abduh Bisisi, Suudi Arabistanlı profesyonel futbolcu (d. 1977)
 2023 - Sabih Kanadoğlu, Türk hukukçu, eski Yargıtay Cumhuriyet Başsavcısı (d. 1938)
 2023 - Geneviève Lhermitte, 28 Şubat 2007'de beş çocuğunu katleden Belçikalı ev hanımı (d. 1966)
 2023 - Cevad Tebatebayi, İranlı akademisyen (d. 1945)
 2023 - Indrek Toome, Sovyet-Eston komünist siyasetçi ve iş adamı (d. 1943)
 2023 - Grant Turner, Yeni Zelandalı milli futbolcu (d. 1958)

Tatiller ve özel günler
 Sivil Savunma Günü
 Trabzon'un Of ilçesinden Rusya ve Ermenistan birliklerinin çekilişi (1918)

0228
28

28 Şubat


Pontus Ayaklanması, Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı sırasında Kuzey Anadolu'da bağımsız bir Pontus Rum Devleti kurmak amacıyla çıkarılan ayaklanma (1920-1923). 1904'te kurulan Pontus Rum Cemiyeti ile Mukaddes Anadolu Rum Cemiyeti; I. Dünya Savaşı sonunda Batum'dan İnebolu'ya kadar uzanan Kastamonu, Çankırı, Yozgat, Sivas, Tokat, Amasya, Çorum, Gümüşhane ve Erzincan'ın bir kısım toprakları üzerinde bir Rum devleti kurmak için faaliyete geçtiler. Pontusçular, I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Doğu Anadolu'ya giren ve daha sonra geri çekilen Rus ordularının bıraktığı silahlarla donatılıp İngilizlerden ve Yunanlardan silah yardımı gördüler. Yunanistan'dan gelen gönüllülerin de katılımıyla Pontus Çetecilerinin sayısı 25.000'i buldu. Topal Osman ve silah arkadaşlarının asilerle yaptıkları çarpışmalarda 2.500 tüfek, 1.200.000 mermi ele geçirildi. 11.188 çeteci öldürüldü. 1923'te bölgedeki Rumlar Anadolu'dan çıkarılarak, Pontus Devleti kurma çalışmalarına devam etmeleri önlendi.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Pontus Kırımı
 Müslüman-Türk katliamları

Kaynakça

Türk Kurtuluş Savaşında ayaklanmalar
Pontus

Pontus Ayaklanması


Les  sont une famille d'algues unicellulaires de l'ordre des Dictyochales.

Le genre fossile Lyramula a été décrit par G Dallas Hanna en 1928 dans une roche diatomite du Crétacé de Californie, et a également été trouvé dans des roches des montagnes de l'Oural et de l'île Seymour dans la péninsule antarctique.

Étymologie
Le nom vient du genre type Lyramula, dérivé du latin lyra, lyre, en référence à la forme « en lyre » du squelette siliceux, le suffixe mula n'étant pas clair ; il pourrait s'agir de l'accusatif lyram suivi de ula pour l'euphonie.

Description
Le squelette de ces silicoflagellés peut être un simple tube robuste en silice en forme de « U » (Lyramula simplex), ou constitué d'une épine « vertébrale » à la jonction de deux branches de silice, formant un « Y » (Lyramula  furcula).

Liste des genres
Selon  :
 Lyramula Hanna, 1928

Liens externes

Notes et références

Dictyochophyceae
Famille d'algues (nom scientifique)
Taxon fossile non connu en Paleobiology Database
Taxon décrit en 1963

Lyramulaceae


Ilya Valeryevich Kovalchuk (; born 15 April 1983) is a Russian former professional ice hockey winger. He played for the Atlanta Thrashers, New Jersey Devils, Los Angeles Kings, Montreal Canadiens, and Washington Capitals in the National Hockey League (NHL), as well as Ak Bars Kazan, Khimik Moscow Oblast, SKA Saint Petersburg, and Avangard Omsk in the Russian Superleague (RSL) and Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Kovalchuk developed in the youth system of Spartak Moscow, joining their senior team in the Vysshaya Liga in 1999. After two seasons with Spartak, he joined the Atlanta Thrashers of the NHL, who selected him first overall in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. After eight seasons with the Thrashers, he was traded to the New Jersey Devils in 2010, with which he signed a 15-year, $100 million contract, after a 17-year, $102 million deal was rejected by the NHL. In 2013, he left the NHL to return to Russia, joining SKA Saint Petersburg, where he played for five seasons before returning to the NHL in 2018.

Kovalchuk is tied for fourth all time in the NHL for regular-season overtime goals scored (15) and 18th in goals-per-game average (.511), and is the seventh-highest scoring Russian in NHL history. In the NHL, Kovalchuk has twice been named to the All-Star team, and in 2004 finished in a three-way tie for the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy as the NHL's leading goal-scorer, sharing it with Jarome Iginla and Rick Nash.

Internationally, Kovalchuk has played for the Russian national junior team in the World U18 Championship and World Junior Championship, and for the Russian national senior team in the World Championship, World Cup and Winter Olympics, winning the 2008 and 2009 World Championships. At his fifth Olympics in 2018, Kovalchuk was named the most valuable player while helping Olympic Athletes from Russia win the gold medal.

Personal life

Early life
Kovalchuk was born in Kalinin (now Tver), a city roughly 180 kilometres northwest of Moscow, the second child and first son of Valeri and Lyubov. Born big, he was named in honour of Ilya Muromets, a legendary figure from Kievan Rus'. Kovalchuk's father, Valeri, played basketball in Tver; after his career ended, he turned to coaching and was the head of the sport's school at the Spartak Olympic reserve in the city from 1980 until 1998, while Lyubov was the head of the #2 polyclinic of the #7 Tver city hospital. Valeri would later write a book detailing Kovalchuk's development as a hockey player, titled "From Tver to Atlanta" (Russian: «От Твери до Атланты») and published in 2004; he died in 2005 due to heart disease. Kovalchuk's sister, Arina, is seven years older than him. At age seven, Kovalchuk was invited to join the Spartak Moscow youth school, which he went to every weekend, taking the train with his father.

Marriage and children
Kovalchuk met his future wife, Nicole Andrazajtis, in 2002 after being introduced by mutual friends. Nicole was a well known singer in Russia at the time and was part of the group Mirage. They married in 2008 at Church of Dormition in Russia. Together they have four children: daughters Karolina and Eva, born in 2005 and 2015; and sons Philipp and Artem, born in 2009 and 2010, respectively.

Politics
Kovalchuk is a member of Alexander Ovechkin's PutinTeam which was founded in 2017 to promote Vladimir Putin's 2018 presidential campaign.

Playing career

Early career
As a youth, Kovalchuk played in the 1997 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with Spartak Moscow. He later played for Vysshaya Liga club Spartak Moscow for two seasons before entering the NHL. Drafted by the Thrashers first overall in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft, he became the first Russian to be drafted first overall in the NHL's history. In club-level competition, Kovalchuk wore the number 17 as a tribute to Valeri Kharlamov, a Soviet superstar in the 1970s.

Atlanta Thrashers (2001–2010)
Entering his NHL rookie season in 2001–02, Kovalchuk scored 29 goals and 51 points despite missing 17 games with a season-ending shoulder injury. He finished second in voting to teammate Dany Heatley for the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL rookie of the year. Both were named to the NHL All-Rookie Team. After improving to 38 goals and 67 points in his second season, Kovalchuk scored 41 goals in 2003–04, making him a co-winner of the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy after tying for the NHL lead in goals with Jarome Iginla of the Calgary Flames and Rick Nash of the Columbus Blue Jackets. He also added 46 assists for 87 points, tying him with Joe Sakic of the Colorado Avalanche for second in the NHL that season, behind Martin St. Louis. Kovalchuk also participated in his first NHL All-Star Game in 2004.

Due to the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Kovalchuk returned to Russia, playing for both Ak Bars Kazan and Khimik Moscow Oblast of the Russian Superleague (RSL). After the lockout, Kovalchuk and the Thrashers could not initially agree to a new contract, so he stayed in Russia, rejoining Khimik Moscow Oblast. He played 11 games for the team, recording 8 goals and 13 points before returning to the Thrashers and NHL after signing a five-year, $32 million contract. During the 2005–06 season, he scored 52 goals, tying him with rookie Alexander Ovechkin of the Washington Capitals for third in the NHL in scoring, behind Jonathan Cheechoo of the San Jose Sharks (56) and Jaromír Jágr of the New York Rangers (54). He also tied his career-high of 46 assists for a career-high 98 points, leading the Thrashers in team scoring for the second consecutive season, while finishing eighth overall in NHL scoring. He also became the first Thrashers player to score 50 goals in a season.

In the 2006–07 season, Kovalchuk's point production dropped for the first time in his career. He finished with 42 goals and 34 assists for 76 points. During a game against the Nashville Predators on 11 January 2006, Predators head coach Barry Trotz accused Kovalchuk with "always plays with an illegal stick". Trotz had asked the referees to check Kovalchuk's stick following a Thrashers goal, but claimed Kovalchuk was able to switch his stick before the referees could check. Despite his drop in production on the season, Kovalchuk and the Thrashers qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in franchise history. Kovalchuk scored one goal and one assist in his NHL playoffs debut as the team lost in the opening round to the New York Rangers in four games.

In 2007–08, Kovalchuk scored two consecutive hat-tricks in a loss to the Ottawa Senators and a win against the Tampa Bay Lightning on 1 and 3 November 2007, respectively. Later that season, on 23 January 2008, Kovalchuk was suspended for one game by the NHL for a hit from behind on New York Rangers defenceman Michal Rozsíval in a game a day prior. He finished with his second 52-goal season in three years, along with 35 assists for 87 points.

With the departure of Bobby Holík to the New Jersey Devils in the 2008 off-season, the Thrashers' captaincy remained vacant for the first half of the 2008–09 season. Kovalchuk served as one of five alternate captains to start the season until the alternates collectively requested to general manager Don Waddell and head coach John Anderson for Kovalchuk to take over the captaincy. Soon thereafter, on 11 January 2009, Kovalchuk was named Holík's successor and the sixth team captain in Thrashers' history during the team's Casino Night charity event. The announcement came amidst speculation that the Thrashers were looking to trade Kovalchuk, as his contract was set to expire at the end of the following season. Kovalchuk completed his first season as team captain with 43 goals for his fifth consecutive 40-goal season and 91 points.

Near the beginning of the 2009–10 season, Kovalchuk scored the 300th and 301st goal of his NHL career in a 4–2 win during the St. Louis Blues' home opener on 8 October 2009. He was leading the NHL in goals several weeks into the season when he suffered a broken foot after blocking shot in a game against the San Jose Sharks on 24 October.

New Jersey Devils (2010–2013)

In the final year of his contract, Kovalchuk and the Thrashers could not come to an agreement on an extension. Thrashers general manager Don Waddell reportedly offered 12-year, $101 million and seven-year, $70 million contracts, both of which Kovalchuk turned down. A few days after Kovalchuk rejected the second contract offer, Waddell told him that he was going to be traded, rather than risk losing him to unrestricted free agency for nothing in the off-season, despite the fact that the Thrashers were still in the playoff race. On 4 February 2010, Kovalchuk was traded to the New Jersey Devils. Atlanta received defenceman Johnny Oduya, rookie forward Niclas Bergfors, junior prospect Patrice Cormier and a first-round selection in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft in exchange for Kovalchuk and defenceman Anssi Salmela; the teams also traded second-round selections in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. Kovalchuk left the Thrashers as their all-time leader in several categories, including games played, goals, assists and points. He recorded two assists the following day in his Devils' debut, a 4–3 win over the Toronto Maple Leafs on 5 February. Kovalchuk eventually ended the season with 41 goals along with 44 assists, for 85 points split between Atlanta and New Jersey. On 10 February 2011, Kovalchuk scored the game-winning goal in a game over the Maple Leafs to give Jacques Lemaire the 600th win of his coaching career.

Kovalchuk recorded a Gordie Howe hat trick – a goal, an assist, and a fight – on 4 February 2012, the two-year anniversary of his trade to the Devils, against the Philadelphia Flyers. This was the first such hat trick ever recorded by Kovalchuk and second in the Devils' franchise, following Adam Henrique the month before. Kovalchuk assisted on two goals by teammate Kurtis Foster, scored a short-handed goal, then fought Brayden Schenn after a scrum formed when Flyers forward Zac Rinaldo performed a slew-foot on Devils captain Zach Parise.

Kovalchuk recorded his first scoring hat-trick as a member of the Devils on 14 February 2012, during a 4–1 victory in Buffalo against the Sabres.

On 8 March, Kovalchuk's 13th career hat trick and second hat-trick as a New Jersey Devil was recorded. The Devils won 5–1 against the New York Islanders, with Kovalchuk being the first star of the night. On 20 March, Kovalchuk became the 87th player in NHL history to score 400 goals. It was the lone goal of a 1–0 victory over the Ottawa Senators. He was given third star of the night.

Kovalchuk ended the 2011–12 season with seven game-deciding shootout goals and 11 shootout goals in total, setting a new record in both categories. The NHL first introduced shootouts in 2005. Kovalchuk and the Devils won the 2011–12 Eastern Conference finals against the New York Rangers in six games, setting a Stanley Cup meeting with the Los Angeles Kings. Despite leading the 2012 playoffs in scoring through the first three rounds, Kovalchuk was playing with a herniated disc and was largely ineffective against the Kings, scoring just one point in the series, an empty-net goal in game 4, as the Devils fell to the Kings in six games.

Contract controversy
Kovalchuk became an unrestricted free agent on 1 July 2010. On 19 July, after receiving offers from other teams, Kovalchuk agreed to a 17-year, $102 million deal to remain with the Devils. The length of the deal broke the record for the longest contract in NHL history. However, the contract was blocked by the NHL the next day on the ground it circumvented the NHL salary cap. Arbitrator Richard Bloch heard the National Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA)'s appeal and ultimately nullified the deal.

Another contract was subsequently submitted to the NHL. During the early morning hours of 4 September 2010, the NHL approved the contract along with a new agreement with the NHLPA. The contract was for 15-years and worth $100 million.

Consequently, the NHL penalized the Devils for trying to circumvent the NHL salary cap with Kovalchuk's original contract. As a result, the Devils surrendered $3 million, a third-round draft choice in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft and one future first-round draft pick within the next four seasons. The Devils decided to use their first-round draft pick in the 2011 and 2012 NHL Entry Drafts and were to surrender their first-round pick in 2014. However, on 6 March 2014, the NHL announced it would forgive part of the $3 million fine and grant the Devils the 30th pick in the first round of the 2014 NHL Entry Draft.

SKA Saint Petersburg (2013–2018)
As a result of the 2012–13 NHL lockout, Kovalchuk elected to sign a temporary contract with SKA Saint Petersburg of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) on 18 September 2012. Kovalchuk played in Russia until a labor agreement was reached between the NHLPA and the NHL in January, allowing the 2012–13 NHL season to start. Kovalchuk was named captain of SKA Saint Petersburg at his contract signing. In addition, Kovalchuk was the subject of criticism for not returning to the United States immediately after the lockout ended, instead electing to be one of two participating NHL players in the KHL All-Star Game (the other being Pavel Datsyuk). Kovalchuk served as the captain of the Western Conference and returned to the United States to the Devils' training camp immediately after. He finished the season with 31 points in 37 games for the Devils, and 42 points in 36 games for SKA.

On 11 July 2013, Kovalchuk chose to retire from the NHL. Although Devils general manager Lou Lamoriello knew Kovalchuk had been considering retirement since before the 2012–13 shortened season, Kovalchuk's departure came as a surprise to the public. Upon leaving, Kovalchuk had $77 million and 12 years remaining on his contract. Kovalchuk claimed he desired to return home to Russia along with his family, though it was speculated that money had quite an influence as well, due to the higher total salary Kovalchuk would receive in Russia via the far lower Russian tax rate compared to the U.S. Kovalchuk tallied 417 goals and 816 points in 816 games in his first stint in the NHL.

Kovalchuk signed a four-year contract with SKA Saint Petersburg on 15 July 2013. The contract, signed less than a week after Kovalchuk's retirement from the NHL, was alleged to be comparable to his former contract with the Devils. He helped the team win the 2014–15 Gagarin Cup for the first time. He was chosen as the MVP of 2015 Gagarin Cup playoffs, but passed the award to Evgenii Dadonov. He won a second Gagarin Cup, again with SKA Saint Petersburg, in 2016–17.

Los Angeles Kings (2018–2019)
Kovalchuk announced after the 2017–18 season that he would attempt a return to the NHL. Several teams expressed interest, including the Los Angeles Kings, Vegas Golden Knights, San Jose Sharks and Boston Bruins. On 23 June 2018, it was announced Kovalchuk and the Kings had agreed to a three-year contract, effective 1 July, with an average yearly value of $6.25 million. He scored his first goal on 9 October 2018, against the Winnipeg Jets, the franchise he had spent most of his first NHL stint with when they were the Thrashers.

On 5 February 2019, the Kings faced the Devils at Prudential Center. Each time Kovalchuk touched the puck or the PA announcer, Kevin Clark, mentioned his name, Kovalchuk was roundly booed by Devils fans. Kovalchuk scored once as the Kings defeated the Devils 5–1.

With 14 points in his first 14 games, the 2018–19 season had started well for Kovalchuk, but badly for the team. Head coach John Stevens was fired and replaced by Willie Desjardins, who reduced Kovalchuk's ice time significantly. As a disappointing season came to a close, Kovalchuk expressed his frustration, saying "I don't have a chance" under Desjardins. The day after their season ended, having finished second from the bottom overall, the Kings announced that Desjardins would not be back the following year.

In the 2019–20 season, after Kovalchuk had played his seventeenth game for the Kings, the team announced that he would be scratched for the "foreseeable future". On 17 December the Kings terminated Kovalchuk's contract and he became an unrestricted free agent.

Montreal Canadiens and Washington Capitals (2020)
On 3 January 2020, Kovalchuk signed a one-year, two-way league minimum contract with the Montreal Canadiens. On 6 January, Kovalchuk played his first game with the Canadiens, against the Winnipeg Jets, and collected one assist in a 3–2 loss. On January 11, Kovalchuk scored his first goal with the Canadiens, the game-winner against the Ottawa Senators in overtime. He quickly became a solid contributor for the Canadiens posting a two goal game three games later and put up eight points in his first eight games for the team.

Despite his contributions, the team was out of the playoff picture and after 22-game and 13-point tenure, Kovalchuk was traded on 23 February 2020 to the Washington Capitals in exchange for a third-round pick in the 2020 NHL Entry Draft. Kovalchuk recorded four points in seven regular season games and one point in eight playoff games as the Capitals were eliminated in the first round of the 2020 Stanley Cup playoffs by the New York Islanders.

Avangard Omsk (2020–2021)
Kovalchuk returned to the KHL for the 2020–21 season, as he signed a two-year contract with Avangard Omsk on 26 December. Kovalchuk won the Gagarin Cup with Avangard on 28 April 2021, and on 30 April 2021, he and Avangard mutually agreed to terminate his contract.

International play

Kovalchuk won his first medals with Russia in a major international event at the IIHF World U18 Championships, earning silver and gold medals in 2000 and 2001, respectively.  He also competed for Russia at the World Junior Championships in 2001, but finished seventh.

The following year, Kovalchuk made his senior international debut with Russia at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, during his rookie NHL season with the Atlanta Thrashers. He recorded three points in six games to help Russia to a bronze medal finish. He then made his World Championships debut in 2003, but failed to medal.

Kovalchuk made his second straight Winter Olympics appearance in 2006 in Turin.  He had a four-goal game on February 19 in a 9–2 win over Latvia, but returned to Atlanta without a medal, losing in the bronze medal game.

In 2008, Kovalchuk played in the IIHF World Championship, held in Quebec City and Halifax. He scored his only two goals of the tournament in the gold medal game against Team Canada – one to force the game into overtime, then the game-winner to give Russia the championship. The following year, he led Russia to a second straight gold medal over Canada in the 2009 IIHF World Championship and was named the tournament MVP.

In May 2010, Kovalchuk played for Russia at IIHF World Championship in Germany, finishing second.

At the 2015 IIHF World Championship, Kovalchuk served as captain of Russia. After losing the gold medal game to Canada, Kovalchuk and many of the Russian players left the ice after receiving their silver medals, but prior to the playing of the Canadian national anthem. The Russian Hockey Federation was fined for the act, and while the IIHF determined Kovalchuk gave an "unmistakable head gesture" for his team to leave, he was not independently punished.

Records

NHL
 Record for most shootout goals in a single-season (11) (2011–12)
 Record for most game-deciding shootout goals in a single-season (7) (2011–12)
Atlanta Thrashers franchise single season goal total, 52 (2005–06, 2007–08)

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs
Bold indicates led league

International

All-Star Games

Awards and achievements

RSL/KHL
KHL All-Star Game – 2013, 2014, 2015
2015 Gagarin Cup winner – SKA Saint Petersburg
2015 Gagarin Cup playoffs MVP (refused to accept and passed it to Evgenii Dadonov)
2017 Gagarin Cup winner – SKA Saint Petersburg
2021 Gagarin Cup winner – Avangard Omsk

NHL
NHL All-Rookie Team – 2002
NHL first All-Star team – 2012
NHL second All-Star team – 2004
2002 NHL YoungStars Game – (MVP)
NHL All-Star Game – 2004, 2008, 2009
2003–04 NHL Season – Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy  (Most Goals) – (41*) (tied with 2 others)
2003–04 NHL Season – Kharlamov Trophy (Top Russian Player in the NHL)
2011–12 NHL Season – NHL Leader in Shootout Goals (11)
2012 NHL Stanley Cup Playoffs – Goal Scoring Leader (8) (tied)

International

2002 Winter Olympics (Ice Hockey) – Bronze Medal
2018 Winter Olympics (Ice Hockey) – Gold Medal
2018 Winter Olympics (Ice Hockey) – (MVP)
2008 World Championship – Gold Medal
2009 World Championship – Gold Medal
2009 World Championship – MVP
2009 World Championship – Best Forward
2010 World Championship –  Leading Scorer (12)
2013 World Championship – Goal Scoring Leader (8) (tied)

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Ak Bars Kazan players
Atlanta Thrashers captains
Atlanta Thrashers draft picks
Atlanta Thrashers players
Atlant Moscow Oblast players
Avangard Omsk players
Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Los Angeles Kings players
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Montreal Canadiens players
National Hockey League All-Stars
National Hockey League first-overall draft picks
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
New Jersey Devils players
Olympic bronze medalists for Russia
Olympic gold medalists for Olympic Athletes from Russia
Olympic ice hockey players for Russia
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Sportspeople from Tver
Rocket Richard Trophy winners
Russian ice hockey left wingers
SKA Saint Petersburg players
HC Spartak Moscow players
Washington Capitals players
Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism alumni
Russian expatriate ice hockey people
Russian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Russian expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Expatriate ice hockey players in Canada

Ilya Kovalchuk


An Scirpoides burkei in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Charles Baron Clarke, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Goetgh., Muasya och David Alan Simpson. An Scirpoides burkei in nahilalakip ha genus nga Scirpoides, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

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