Palača Mazarović je barokna palača peraške hrvatske obitelji Mazarovića afiliranog bratstvu (kazadi) Smilo(j)evića.

Smještaj
Nalazi se u jugoistočnom dijelu Perasta, u predjelu zvanom Luka, u drugom redu zgrada uz obalu, iza Bizetine i palače Balović. Prema istoku je palača Šestokrilović i kapela sv. Otkupitelja. Straga su palača Mrša i crkva Rođenja Presvete Bogorodice. Povučena je od Glavne ulice, iznad starog puta, na dnu dubokih vrtova, gledano sa sjevera. I danas je veličinom prevladavajuća zgrada ovog dijela grada. Uz palaču se nalazi i starija kuća ove obitelji. Ta je kuća renesansnih građevinskih osobina.

Osobine
Datira iz sredine 18. stoljeća. Svojstveni je primjer kasnobaroknih palača s belvederom. Budući da je u drugom redu, niz kuća ispred nje koje izravno izlaze na stari put djelimice ju zaklanjaju.
Brojni su otvori koji otvaraju pročelje. Krov je imao dva vidikovca. Južni belveder ove palače najveći je u Perastu. Središnji dio je visok četiri etaže i širok nekoliko metara.
Zgrada ima ukupno četiri etaže.
Prizemni dio palače ima portal obrađen u bunjatu. Sa strane su dva ovalna prozora u baroknom stilu. Iznad prizemlja su dva kata i belveder s baroknim volutama, na kojem se nalazi grb Mazarovića odnosno grb Smiloe. Na drugoj je katu balkon. Dominirajući je dio te etaže. Ima šest konzola. U stražnjem dijelu palače je dvoetažna kuhinja u vidu ankesa. Raspored prostorija sačuvan je u izvornom izdanju. U sredini se nalazi veliki salon. Na zidovima je autentični interijer. Zidna dekoracija od maltera je sačuvana usprkos gotovo stoljetnoj izloženosti vanjskoj atmosferi.

Palača je danas u ruševnom stanju duže od jednog stoljeća.

Izvori

Palače u Perastu
Barokne palače u Crnoj Gori

Palača Mazarović


Operacija Džungla bio je obavještajni program britanske obavještajne službe MI6 u ranoj fazi hladnog rata. Operacija je trajala od 1949. godine do 1954. godine. Cilj operacije bio je tajno ubacivanje obavještajnih agenata u Poljsku i baltičke države. Uz britanske obavještajce plan je bio ubaciti određeni broj agenata otpora koji su bili državljani Poljske, Estonije, Latvije i Litve. Agenti su trenirani u obavještajnim centrima diljem Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva i Švedske. Agenti su se trebali pridružiti anti-sovjetskom pokretu otpora unutar okupiranih država (unutar okupiranih država bilo je nekoliko različitih skupina koje su pružale otpor Sovjetima, a najpoznatije su Cursed soldiers i Forest Brothers). U operaciji je sudjelovala britanska kraljevska ratna mornarica i određeni dijelovi Njemačke mornaričke postrojbe za uklanjanje mina (njem. Deutscher Minenräumdienst). U operaciji su sudjelovali i agenti obavještajne agencije Ghelen Org, odnosno agencije koju su 1946. godine uspostavile Sjedinjene Američke Države unutar sovjetskih okupiranih zona u NDR-u.

KGB je proveo uspješne kontra operacije i zarobio, odnosno ubio veliku većinu agenata. MI6 prekinuo je operaciju 1955. godine zbog povećanog gubitka svojih agenata i sumnje da je cijela operacija kompromitirana. Brodovi kojima su se služili agenti 1956. godine predani su Njemačkoj mornarici.

Pozadina

Krajem 1940ih godina obavještajna agencija MI6 uspostavila je specijalni centar u Londonu (okrug Chelsea) kako bi obučila određeni broj agenata koji će se potom infiltrirati u Estoniju, Litvu, Latviju i Poljsku. Operacija je dobila kodno ime Džungla, a za glavne zapovjednike operacije postavljeni su direktor odjela za sjeverni dio Europe agencije MI6 Henry Carr i voditelj odjela za Baltik Alexander McKibbin. Estonsku grupu agenata predvodio je Alfons Rebane, estonski vojni zapovjednik koji je za vrijeme nacističke okupacije služio u više odjela tadašnjeg SS-a. Latvijsku grupu bio je vodio bivši časnik Luftwaffea Rūdolfsa Silarājsa, a litvansku grupu profesor povijesti Stasys Žymantas. Agencija Gehlen svoje je pripadnike novačila u istočnim državama, odnosno u baltičkim. Njihovi agenti transportirani su putem paravana da su agenti jedne britanske državne službe koja se bavila zaštitom ribara i ribarenja.

Operacija

Operacija se tijekom godina odvijala u nekoliko navrata. Prvi transport agenata dogodio se u svibnju 1949. godine kada su se u gradu Kielu u brodove ukrcala šestorica agenata. Vožnja brodom trajala je oko 6 sati, a u 10:30 po lokalnom vremenu brod se nalazio sjeverno od litvanskog lučkog grada Klaipėda. Agenti su se iskrcali u more svega 300 metara od obale te se uputili put obale. Ovo je bila inicijalna faza operacije koja je uspješno završena.

Ohrabreni uspjehom ove akcije, MI6 izveo je još nekoliko sličnih operacija. 1. studenog 1949. godine dva agenta iskrcala su se u latvijski grad Ventspils. 12. travnja 1950. godine tri agenta iskrcana su na isto mjesto dok su se iste godine još dva agenta iskrcala u jednu od baltičkih zemalja.

Druga faza odvijala se od 1950. do sredine 1952. godine. Nova lokacija polaska i ukrcavanja agenata bilo je ribarsko selo Finkenwerder pokraj Hamburga. U ovoj fazi agenti su se transportirali pod paravanom da su službenici agencije za zaštitu ribara (eng. British Baltic Fishery Protection Service). Ova operacija uključivala je dodatnu fazu vizualnog i elektroničkog izviđanja baltičke obale, odnosno od Estonije do granica NDR-a (zbog toga su na brodove postavljeni dodatni spremnici goriva i elektronički senzori za prikupljanje obavještajnih podataka). Tijekom ove faze uspješno su obavljena 4 ukrcaja i iskrcaja, 16 agenata stupilo je na tlo dok ih je 5 ukrcano na brodove.

Tijekom posljednje faze operacije posadi dotadašnjeg operativnog brzog broda pridružila su se još četiri. 1955. godine, tijekom elektroničkog izviđanja obale, došlo je do kratke potjere i obračuna između sovjetskih ophodnih brodova i brodova obavještajne službe MI6. Jedan britanski brod pretrpio je štetu.

Sovjetsko djelovanje

Sovjetska protuobavještajna djelovanja bila su izrazito uspješna. Informacije vezane za akcije agencije MI6 prikupljali su od skupine sovjetskih špijuna raspoređenih diljem Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva (poznatiji kao Cambridge Five). U opsežnoj protuobavještajnoj akciji Lursen-S, KGB je zarobio i/ili ubio 42 agenta koji su stupili na baltički teritorij. Većina preživjelih agenata pretvorena je u dvostruke agente koji su se potom infiltrirali u baltičke pokrete otpora te ih značajno oslabili.

Izvori

Povijest Poljske
Povijest Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva nakon Drugog svjetskog rata
Povijest SAD-a
Povijest Sovjetskoga Saveza
Špijunaža
Hladni rat

Operacija Džungla


La saturación magnética es un efecto que se observa en algunos materiales magnéticos, y se caracteriza como el estado alcanzado cuando cualquier incremento posterior en un campo de magnetización externo H no provoca un aumento en la magnetización del material.

Esto se demuestra porque el campo magnético total B tiende a estabilizarse. Es una característica particular de los materiales ferromagnéticos tales como el hierro, níquel, cobalto y muchas de sus aleaciones.

Introducción

El efecto de saturación se puede observar más claramente en la curva de magnetización (también llamada curva BH o curva de histéresis) de una sustancia, en concreto en la región superior derecha de la curva. Mientras que el campo H se incrementa, el campo B se aproxima a un valor máximo de manera asintótica. Este valor al cual tiende asintóticamente el campo B es el nivel de saturación de esa sustancia.

Estrictamente hablando, por sobre el nivel de saturación, el campo B continúa aumentando pero de manera paramagnética, la cual es tres órdenes de magnitud más pequeña que la tasa de aumento ferromagnética observada por debajo del nivel de saturación.

La relación entre el campo de magnetización H y el campo magnético B también puede expresarse en términos de permeabilidad magnética:  o en términos de permeabilidad relativa , donde  es la permeabilidad magnética del vacío. La permeabilidad de los materiales ferromagnéticos no es constante, sino que depende de H. En los materiales saturables la permeabilidad relativa se incrementa con H hasta un máximo, y luego mientras el material se aproxima a saturación, el efecto se invierte y la curva decrece hasta uno.

Diferentes materiales poseen diferentes niveles de saturación. Por ejemplo, las aleaciones de hierro de alta permeabilidad utilizadas en la fabricación de núcleos de transformadores alcanzan la saturación a valores de 1,6 a 2,2 Tesla (T), mientras que los imanes de ferrita saturan a 0,2 - 0,5 T. Algunas aleaciones de metal amorfo saturan a 1,2-1,3 T.

Explicación

Los materiales ferromagnéticos que muestran saturación, tales como el hierro,  están compuestos de regiones microscópicas llamadas dominios magnéticos que actúan como pequeños imanes permanentes. Antes de que un campo magnético externo sea aplicado al material, los dominios se encuentran orientados al azar. Sus pequeños campos magnéticos apuntan en direcciones aleatorias y se cancelan entre sí, de modo que el material no produce un campo magnético global neto. Cuando se aplica un campo de magnetización externo  H al material, lo penetra y causa la alineación de los dominios, provocando que sus pequeños campos magnéticos roten y se alineen paralelamente al campo externo, sumándose para crear un gran campo magnético que se extiende hacia fuera del material. Esto es llamado magnetización. Cuanto más fuerte sea el campo magnético externo, mayor será la alineación de los dominios. El efecto de saturación ocurre cuando ya prácticamente todos los dominios se encuentran alineados, por lo que cualquier incremento posterior en el campo aplicado no puede causar una mayor alineación.

Efectos y usos
El efecto de saturación limita los máximos campos magnéticos que se pueden conseguir por medio de electroimanes de núcleo ferromagnético y transformadores hasta un tope de alrededor de 2 T, lo que pone un límite en el tamaño mínimo de sus núcleos. Esta es una de las razones del porqué los transformadores de alta potencia son tan grandes, para no tener pérdidas de energía causadas por la saturación de sus núcleos.

En los circuitos electrónicos, los transformadores e inductores con núcleos ferromagnéticos comienzan a operar de manera no lineal cuando la corriente a través de ellos es suficientemente grande para llevar a los materiales de sus núcleos hasta la saturación. Esto significa que su inductancia y otras propiedades varían con los cambios en la corriente circulante. En los circuitos lineales esto es usualmente considerado como una desviación indeseada del comportamiento ideal. Cuando se aplican señales de corriente alterna, esta no linealidad puede causar que se generen armónicos y distorsión por intermodulación. Para prevenir esto, lo que se hace es diseñar los circuitos de forma que el nivel de señales aplicadas a los inductores de núcleo de hierro se encuentren limitadas de forma tal que no se saturen. Para reducir sus efectos, algunos tipos de núcleos ferromagnéticos de transfomadores poseen a su vez un núcleo central de aire.

Por otro lado, la saturación es explotada en algunos dispositivos electrónicos. Por ejemplo el efecto de saturación se emplea para limitar la corriente en los transformadores de núcleo saturable, usados para la soldadura por arco. Cuando la corriente primaria excede de un cierto valor, el núcleo es empujado a su región de saturación, limitando mayores incrementos en la corriente secundaria. En una aplicación más sofisticada, los inductores de núcleo saturable y los amplificadores magnéticos utilizan una corriente continua aplicada a través de un bobinado independiente montado sobre el mismo núcleo que sirve para controlar la impedancia del inductor. Al variar la corriente en el devanado de control se puede mover el punto de operación arriba y abajo en la curva de saturación, controlando la corriente alterna que circula a través del inductor. Esto es usado en balastros de luz fluorescente variable, y sistemas de control de potencia.

Véase también
 Ferromagnetismo
 Dominio magnético
 Reluctancia magnética
 Permeabilidad magnética

Notas

Bibliografía

 USA 5126907, Yoshihiro Hamakawa, Hisashi Takano, Naoki Koyama, Eijin Moriwaki, Shinobu Sasaki, Kazuo Shiiki, "Thin film magnetic head having at least one magnetic core member made at least partly of a material having a high saturation magnetic flux density", issued 1992

Propiedades magnéticas de los materiales

Saturación (magnetismo)


Mijo Jurić (Drijenča, općina Lopare, kotar Tuzla, 27. svibnja 1953.), hrvatski disident, pisac i publicist iz BiH. Živi i radi u Austriji. Po struci reklamni grafičar (Werbegrafiker).

Životopis
Rođen je u Drijenči kao najstarije od sedmoro djece u snažnoj katoličkoj obitelji. U obližnoj Šibošnici pohađao osnovnu školu (do 5. razreda) a nastavio u Tuzli (Solina), koju je završio 1968. godine. U Bolu na Braču je pohađao dominikansku Klasičnu gimnaziju. Jeseni 1970. otišao je iz Bola i nastavio školovati se na tuzlanskoj Realnoj gimnaziji. Zbog inzistiranja na uporabi hrvatskoga jezika u toj gimnaziji izbačen je iz nje.
U školskom uratku napisao je "točno", a profesor je to smatrao pogreškom. Jurić je zbog toga dobio manju ocjenu. Od Jurića je tražio da napiše "tačno", što je izrevoltirani Jurić odbio. Zbog toga su ga izbacili iz gimnazije. Iz škole je izbačen 1970. godine.  Uslijedile su dramatične situacije gdje je gotovo bio u pogibelji. U dječačkom zanosu iz revolta prema tadašnjem komunističkom režimu s kojim se nikada nije slagao, napisao je čak i nekoliko antidržavnih parola u blizini Tuzle pa je zbog toga uhićen te osuđen kao državni neprijatelj na tri godine stroge robije.
Otišao je u Zagreb gdje je nastavlja školu dopisnim školovanjem kao đak Gimnazije u Križanićevoj ulici. Zatim se priključio studentskome pokretu za samostalnost Hrvatske. Mladenački san bilo mu je državno zajedništvu Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine. Sudbonosnoga Hrvatskoga proljeća 1971. godine priključio se studentima, radnicima i inim borcima za slobodu Domovine. Bio je uhićen u Tuzli i odveden iz zavičaja.

Uspio mu je bijeg u inozemstvo te je u zatvoru proveo tri mjeseca. Jurić je vješto nadmudrio mjesne doušnike i više graničnih kontrola te pobjegao u inozemstvo, nadajući se slobodi i zaštiti u demokratskim društvima, no brzo uvjerio u suprotno. Ocrnjeni Hrvati nisu dobro stajali u međunarodnom poretku, miljenici velesila Jugoslaviji sve je bilo dopušteno, pa su hrvatski emigranti bili suočeni s nezainteresiranošću policije i nasilju Udbe. U Beču živi od 1973. godine. Od 1974. do 1977. pohađao je bečku umjetničku školu (Wiener Kunstschule, Schwerpunkt Porträt).
Profesionalni agenti zagorčavali su život i njemu u Austriji i njegovoj obitelji u Tuzli. Kada je Tito umro 1980. danima su stražarili pred njegovom kućom u Tuzli i uz to je nekoliko puta dolazila austrijska policija u Beču.
Udba je bila autor monstruoznih optužbi protiv njega, zbog kojih je svojevremeno mogao biti osuđen na dugogodišnju robiju, i zbog kojih je godinama imao ogromne probleme. Obitelj mu je u Tuzli je sredinom 80-ih godina nadzirao susjed, koji je zadaću je dobio od Partije. U predvečerje velikosrpske agresije na 'bratske republike', u beogradskim novinama Ekspres Politika izašao je članak pamflet Ustaški tandem. U njemu su se obrušili na kasnijeg ministra obrane Republike Hrvatske Gojka Šuška i njegova tadašnjega zamjenika Ivana Milasa. U istom članku Jurića spominju kao ekstremnog ustaškoga emigranta, člana HOP-a (Hrvatskoga osloboditeljskog pokreta) i financijera Milasova lokala u Beču "Agram-Grill". Jurić je spontano napisao svoju knjigu. Nastala je kao odgovor na neke podvale iz udbaških dosjea koje je konstruirala sama UDBA, a koji su objavljivani 2000-ih u Hrvatskoj i BiH. Bili su tako bezočno sročeni da bi čitatelj mogao pomisliti da se radi u najmanju ruku kao o teroristu.
Životnu sudbinu opisao je u svojoj knjizi svojih uzničkih uspomena "Osamnaesto proljeće", svjedočanstvu vremena koje nije bilo sklono slobodi, a hrvatstvu ponajmanje, jer su, jugokomunističkoj inkviziciji smetala i najmanja očitovanja te i takve nacionalne pripadnosti. U to doba nije bilo lako biti Hrvatom, ni u Hrvatskoj a ni poglavito u Bosni i Hercegovini. Mnoge su hrvatske hercegovačke i bosanske obitelji, ako su željele da im obrazovni sustav ne odnarodi i indoktrinira djecu, bile prisiljene svoju darovitu djecu slati u zavode za odgoj svećenika, jer su ondje stjecala dobru naobrazbu, čvrsta načela te razvijala hrvatsku nacionalnu svijest. Predgovor njemačkom izdanju Jurićeve knjige Wölfe im Frühling - Ein Leben im Zeichen der Diktatur napisao je Alois Mock, a pogovor Hannes Swoboda.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Proljeće1971.com Radio emisija -
gostovanje na Radiju Soli
Prospekt
Gradovrh.com Mijo Jurić: Ulomci uzničkih uspomena (Objavljeno u Hrvatskoj književnoj reviji "Marulić", 6/06)
Grb župe Drijenča, napravljen na prijedlog Mije Jurića
Hrvatski glasnik  srpanj-kolovoz 2012.

Životopisi, Tuzla
Hrvati u Austriji
Hrvatska politička emigracija (1945. – 1989.)
Hrvatsko proljeće
Drijenča

Mijo Jurić


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Plavecký Štvrtok enthält das eine nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützte Objekt in der Gemeinde Plavecký Štvrtok im Okres Malacky.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Plavecky Stvrtok
!


كاليفس  هي مدينة في خانيا في جزيرة كريت في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 1198 نسمة.

المراجع

مدن اليونان
أماكن مأهولة في خانيا (مقاطعة)

كاليفس


Zagrebačka nogometna zona – Sjever  je bila jedna od dvije skupine Zagrebačke zone, te liga četvrtog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1976./77.
Sudjelovalo je 14 klubova, a prvak je bio "MTČ" iz Čakovca.

Ljestvica

 Juraj u Trnju – tadašnji naziv za Sveti Juraj u Trnju

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Povezani članci
 Hrvatska liga – Sjever 1976./77.
 Zagrebačka zona – Jug 1976./77.
 Međuopćinska A liga Bjelovar – Garešnica – Đurđevac 1976./77.
 Međuopćinska liga Daruvar – Virovitica 1976./77.
 Područna liga Koprivnica 1976./77.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 library.foi.hr, "Bjelovarski list"
 library.foi.hr, "Glas Podravine"
 library.foi.hr, "Bjelovarski list", br. 24, god. XXXII, objavljeno 23. lipnja 1977., str. 11 (Sport), (završna ljestvica), preuzeto 8. listopada 2019.
 library.foi.hr, "Glas Podravine", br. 24, god. XXXII, objavljeno 23. lipnja 1977., str. 11 (Sport), (završna ljestvica), preuzeto 8. listopada 2019.
 Mladen Levak, Kristina Poljičak: "Nogometni klub "Osvit" Đelekovec : 1923. – 2013. : 90 godina Nogometnog kluba "Osvit" i igranja nogometa u Đelekovcu ", Đelekovec, 2014., str. 176-180
 Branko Pleše, Goran Čičin-Mašansker: "Nogometni klub Slaven Belupo, Koprivnica : 1907. – 2007.", Koprivnica, 2007., , str. 84

1976-77 Sjever
Zagreb S
1976-77 Zagreb

Zagrebačka nogometna zona – Sjever 1976./77.


وحش فرانكنشتاين هو الشخصية الرئيسية في رواية ماري ولستونكرافت شيلي فرانكنشتاين، النموذج الأولي لـ "العالم المجنون" الذي يخلق وحشًا يُقتل على يده في النهاية.

فحوى القصة
تدور أحداث الرواية عن طالب ذكي اسمه فيكتور فرانكنشتاين يكتشف في جامعة ركنسبورك الألمانية طريقة يستطيع بمقتضاها بعث الحياة في المادة. يبدأ فرانكنشتاين بخلق مخلوق هائل الحجم ولكنه يرتكب خطأ فيكتشف أن مخلوقه غاية في القبح، وقبل أن تدب الحياة فيه ببرهة يهرب من مختبر الجامعة. يعود بعد ذلك مع صديقه هنري الذي جاء لزيارته إلى المختبر ولكنهما لا يجدا ذلك المسخ الهائل. تستمر أحداث القصة بحادثة قتل أخ فيكتور من قبل ذلك المسخ ثم بتهمة باطلة تعدم على أثرها الخادمة. فرانكنشتاين يعلم أن مسخه هو المسؤول عن هذه الأحداث. بعدها يأتيه المسخ ويطلب منه أن يصنع له امرأة لأنه يشعر بالوحدة بعد أن قام بخدمة عائلة فلاحية خفية وتعلم منهم القراءة والكتابة ولكن العائلة فزعت منه وضربته عندما ظهر لهم. يبرر المسخ أفعاله في قتل الأخ أنه لم يقصد قتله وإنما أراد إسكات صراخه المتواصل بسبب الخوف. المسخ استدل على صانعه لأنه عثر على دفتر مذكراته في المختبر قبل أن يغادره وعندما تعلم القراءة والكتابة أستطاع أن يجده مرة أخرى، أي فرانكنشتاين. يوافق فرانكنشتاين على أن يخلق له امرأة ويذهب لهذا الغرض مع صديقه هنري إلى إسكتنلندا وقبل أن يتم خلق المرأة المسخ يخشى أنها ستكون شريرة مثل المسخ الذكر ويفكر في إنهما ربما أنجبا مسخاً شريرة جديدة، لذلك يدمر ما بدأه قبل لحظات من إتمامه له. وهنا يشعر المسخ الذي كان يراقب عمله بسرية بغضب هائل فيقوم بقتل صديق فرانكنشتاين أي هنري ويحاول قتل فرانكنشتاين نفسه إلا أن هذا يتمكن من الفرار. يعود فرانكنشتاين إلى بلدته ويتزوج ولكن المسخ يقتل زوجته في نفس ليلة العرس. يموت أب فرانكنشتاين حزنا من الأحداث الرهيبة التي قاستها العائلة. يقرر فرانكنشتاين البحث عن المسخ ليقتله ويذهب لأجل ذلك إلى القطب الجنوبي بعد أن أخذه، تتبع آثار المسخ إلى هناك. وهناك تعثر عليه سفينة مستكشفه فيقص عليهم حكايته في البحث عن المسخ. ولكن فرانكنشتاين يموت بعد وقت قصير ويأتي المسخ ليرى صانعه ميتا ويحاول أن يلقي نفسه في نار مشتعله كملجأ أخير بسبب شعوره بالعار بسبب كل ماحصل.

مظهره

مظهر الوحش

مراجع

شخصيات أدبية عرضت في 1818
أشخاص خياليون انتحروا
شخصيات أفلام رعب
شخصيات خيالية ذات قوة خارقة
شخصيات خيالية ظهرت في 1818
شخصيات ذكور في الأدب
شخصيات ذكور في الأفلام
شخصيات روائية
شخصيات غير ميتة خيالية
شخصيات في روايات بريطانية في القرن 19
قتلة أطفال خياليون
قتلة خياليون

وحش فرانكنشتاين


Windows 10 is යනු මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතියේ වින්ඩෝස් එන්ටටේන් පවුලේ කොටසක් ලෙස මයික්රොසොෆ්ට් විසින් නිර්මාණය කරන ලද පුද්ගලික පරිගණක මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතියකි.

එය 2015 ජූලි 29 වන දින නිකුත් කරන ලදී. [9] වින්ඩෝස් හි පළමු අනුවාදය දැනට පවතින විශේෂාංග යාවත්කාලීන ලබා ගැනීමයි. ව්යවසායක පරිසරවල උපාංගයන්ට මෙම යාවත්කාලීනයන් මන්දගාමී වේගයකින් ලබා ගත හැක, දිගුකාලීන සහයෝගයේ දිගුකාලීන සේවා කාලය තුල ආරක්ෂක ප්ෙච් වැනි විවේචනාත්මක යාවත්කාලීන පමණක් ලැබෙන දිගු කාලීන ආධාරක පියවරයන් භාවිතා කළ හැකිය. [10] [11]

වින්ඩෝස් 10 හඳුන්වා දෙන්නේ මයික්රොසොෆ්ට් "විශ්වීය යෙදුම්" ලෙස විස්තර කරමිනි. Metro-style apps මත පුළුල් වෙමින් මෙම යෙදුම් නිර්මාණය කර ඇත්තේ පරිගණක, tablets, smartphones, embedded පද්ධති, Xbox One, Surface Hub සහ Mixed Reality වැනි පාහේ අනන්ය සංග්රහයක් සහිත බහු මයික්රොසොෆ්ට් නිෂ්පාදන පවුල් හරහාය. වින්ඩෝස් පරිශීලක අතුරුමුහුණත මූසිකය ආශි්රත අතුරුමුහුණතක් සහ ටච්වුනි-ප්රශස්තකරණය කළ හැකි අතුරුමුහුණතකි අතර විශේෂයෙන් 2-in-1 පරිගණක මත පදනම්ව සංක්රාන්ති කටයුතු මෙහෙයවන ලදි. වින්ඩෝස් 7 හි සම්ප්රදායික ආරම්භක මෙනුවේ වින්ඩෝස් 7 ටයිල් ඇතුළත් කර ඇති යාවත්කාලීන කරන ලද ඇරඹුම් මෙනුව ඇතුළත් වේ. වින්ඩෝස් 10 හි ප්රථම නිකුතුව මගින් අථත්ය ඩෙස්ක්ටොප් පද්ධතියක්, කවුළුවක් සහ ඩෙස්ක්ටොප් කළමණාකරණ අංගයක් Task View, Microsoft Edge වෙබ් බ්රවුසරය, ඇඟිලි සලකුණු සහ මුහුණ හඳුනාගැනීමේ පිවිසුමක්, ව්යවසාය පරිසරයන් සඳහා නව ආරක්ෂණ විශේෂාංග සහ DirectX 12 සහ WDDM 2.0 සඳහා ක්රීඩා මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතියේ චිත්රක හැකියාවන් වැඩි දියුණු කිරීම සඳහා

වින්ඩෝස් 10 හි ජූලි මාසයේ දී නිකුත් කරන ලද මුල් පිටපතට වැඩි වශයෙන් ධනාත්මක ප්රතිචාර ලැබුණි. Windows වින්ඩෝස් 10 හි ටච් හිතවාදී පරිශීලක අතුරුමුහුණත් මාදිලිය, වින්ඩෝස් වින්ඩෝස් මෙහෙයුම් පද්දතිය මත ස්පර්ශක මුහුණත මත රදවා තබා ගැනීම සඳහා වින්ඩෝස් 10 පෙර වින්ඩෝස් වින්ඩෝස් සමඟ අනුකූලව ඩෙස්ක්ටොප්-දිශානුගත අතුරු මුහුණතක් සැපයීමට Microsoft තීරණය කළේය. 8. වින්ඩෝස් 8.1 වින්ඩෝස් 8.1, Xbox Live ඒකාබද්ධ කිරීම සඳහා වින්ඩෝස් 10 හි මෘදුකාංගය වැඩිදියුණු කිරීම මෙන්ම Cortana පෞද්ගලික සහායකයන්ගේ ක්රියාකාරිත්වය සහ හැකියාවන් සහ Microsoft Edge සමඟ ආදේශ කිරීම වෙනුවට විවේචකයන් ප්රශංසාවට ලක් කළේය. කෙසේ වෙතත්, මයික්රොසොෆ්ට් ආයතනය විසින් මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතියේ හැසිරීම් වලට වෙනස්කම් කිරීම, අනිවාර්ය යාවත්කාලීන ස්ථාපනය, මයික්රොසොෆ්ට් සහ එහි හවුල්කරුවන් විසින් මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිය මගින් සිදුකරන දත්ත රැස්කිරීම් සම්බන්ධයෙන් පුද්ගලිකව සැලකිලිමත් වන අතර, මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතියේ මුදාහැරීමේදී ප්රවර්ධනය කිරීම සඳහා භාවිතා කරන adware-like උපක්රම වේ. [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]

මයික්රොසොෆ්ට් සමාගම විසින් වින්ඩෝස් 10 නිකුතුව නිකුත් කළ පසුව වසර දෙක තුනක් තුළ අවම වශයෙන් බිලියනයක් උපකරණයක ස්ථාපිත කර තිබේ. [10] 2016 අගෝස්තු මාසය දක්වා වින්ඩෝස් 10 භාවිතය ඉහළ යන අතර පසුව එය සුළං වේගය [17] [18] වන අතර අවසානයේ දී 2018 දී එය වින්ඩෝස් 7 වඩා ජනප්රිය වී ඇති අතර එමඟින් එකම ජනප්රිය වින්ඩෝස් වෙළුම (42.78% අනෙක් වඩාත් ජනප්රිය සමස්තයක් ලෙස), [19] වෙබ් මහාද්වීපයෙන් මනින ලද පරිදි සමහර මහද්වීප වලට එය සත්යයෙන් මින් සත්ය නොවේ. 2017 නොවැම්බර් මාසය වන විට මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිය ක්රමයෙන් මිලියන 600 කට වැඩි උපකරණ මත ක්රියාත්මක වේ [32] සහ සාම්ප්රදායික පරිගණක වල [32] සඳහා ඇස්තමේන්තුගත පරිභෝජන අනුපාතය [21] [22] සහ අනෙකුත් සියලු වේදිකාවලින් (PC, mobile, tablet, සහ කොන්සෝල). [23] [24] වින්ඩෝස් 10 යනු අයිස්ලන්තයේ වඩාත්ම ජනප්රිය අනුවාදය වන අතර පසුකාලීනව අනෙකුත් සංවර්ධිත රටවල ඕස්ට්රේලියාව වැනි ඉතා ඉහළ පිළිගැනීමක් සහිත (වඩාත්ම ඉහළ පිළිගැනීමක් සහිත).

Windows 10


An Carex rikuchiuensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Shigeo Akiyama. An Carex rikuchiuensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex rikuchiuensis


Kızlan, aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir:

 Kızlan, Datça, Muğla ili Datça ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kızlan, Alaçam, Samsun ili Alaçam ilçesine bağlı mahalle

Kızlan


Jared Polis () este un politician american, reprezentant al Partidului Democrat, guvernator al statului Colorado din ianuarie 2019.

Note

Nașteri în 1975

Jared Polis


RFA King Salvor (A291), initially HMS King Salvor (W191), was the lead ship of a class of 12 salvage vessels of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. A 13th ship was completed as the submarine rescue vessel  for the Royal Navy.

King Salvor was built by Wm. Simons & Co. Ltd. of Renfrew as Allegiance, launched on 18 May 1942, and commissioned on 17 July 1942.

The ship converted into a submarine rescue bell and target ship, and renamed HMS Kingfisher in April 1954.

Decommissioned in 1960, the ship was sold to the Argentine Navy in December 1960 and renamed Tehuelche in 1961, Guardiamarina Zicari in 1963, and disposed of in 1974.

Notes

Further reading

External links
King Salvor class
King Salvor class at uboat.net

King Salvor-class salvage vessels
Ships built on the River Clyde
1942 ships

RFA King Salvor (A291)


Laomedon (Λαομέδων), Yunan mitolojisinde Truva kralıdır. İlos'un oğlu, Priamos'un babasıdır. Laomedon İlyada'da yer almaz ama kentin geçmişinde dönek, korkak, ikiyüzlü bir kral olarak önemli bir yer tutar.

Aile
Laomedon, Dardanos'un torunu, İlos'un oğludur. Çocukları ise Priamos, Lampus, Hicetaon, Clytius, Hesione, Cilla, Astyoche, Proclia, Aethilla, Medesicaste ve Clytodora'dır. Hektor ve Paris'in büyükbabasıdır.

Mitoloji
Zeus, Laomedon'un büyükbabası Tros'a Ganymedes'i kaçırmak için tazminat olarak büyülü atlar vermiştir. Ganymedes, Truvalı bir prenstir ve Laomedon'un babası İlos'un kardeşi, Tros'un ise oğludur.

Bir kaynağa göre Poseidon ve Apollon, Zeus'a komplo kurdukları için, Laomedon'un Truva surlarını inşa etmesine yardım için gönderilir. Diğer bir kaynağa göre Laomedon'un ahlaksızlığını test etmek için yardım teklifinde bulunurlar. Poseidon ve Apollon, Truva şehrini çevresine surları inşa etmesine yardım ettikten sonra, ücret olarak ölümsüz atları istediler. Laomedon, bu anlaşmayı kabul etmesine rağmen; surların inşası bittikten sonra anlaşmayı yerine getirmedi. Bunun üzerine Apollon intikam için Truva şehrine veba salgınını, Poseidon ise Truva şehrini yerle bir etmesi için bir deniz canavarı gönderdi.

Kahinler, Laomedon kızı Hesione'u deniz canavarına kurban ederse bu felaketlerden kurtulabileceğini söyledir. Bunun üzerine Laomedon, kızı Hesione'u deniz kenarındaki kayalıklara bağladı. Ancak Amazonlar ile savaştan dönen Herakles tesadüf eseri kurban edilmek üzere bırakılmış Hesione'u gördü. Laomedon'a Zeus'un Tros'a verdiği büyülü atları vermek şartıyla, bu deniz canavarını öldürebileceğini ve Hesiodon'u kurtarabileceğini söyledi. Laomedon anlaşmayı kabul etti ve Herakles (Oicles ve Telamon ile birlikte) Poseidon'un gönderdiği deniz canavarını öldürdü. Ancak Laomedon yine sözünü tutmadı.

Bunun üzerine Herakles, Truva'ya savaş açtı ve Truva şehrini kuşattı. Şehre ilk giren Telamon, ardından Zeus oğlu Herakles oldu.

Herakles şehri ele geçirdikten sonra Laomedon ve bütün oğullarını öldürür, sadece Podarkes'i öldürmez ve Hesione'u savaş ganimati olarak Telamon'a verir. Telamon ile Hesione'un birlikteliğinden Teukros doğar. Teukros Truva Savaşına üvey abisi Aias (Büyük Ajax) ile birlikte katılacaktır.

Herakles, Hesione'a istediği bir kişiyi kendi esiri olarak almasına izin verir. Hesione, kardeşi Podarces'i seçer. Herakles de Hesione'a Podarkes'in önce bir köle olması gerektiğini ve sonra bir fidye ile onu kendine tutsak olarak alabileceğini söyler. Böylece Prens Podarkes satıldıktan sonra, Hesione altın duvağını kafasında çıkarıp fidye olarak verir. Bundan sonra Podarkes, Priamos olarak anılmaya başlandı. ('priamai ' - 'satın almak')

Soyağacı

KAYNAKÇA

Truva kralları
Heracles torunları

Laomedon


Korčulanski barokni festival je hrvatska glazbena manifestacija. Održava se u gradu Korčuli. Po korčulanskim crkvama i otvorenim prostorima srednjovjekovnog grada odvijaju se koncerti barokne glazbe. Festival organiziraju Maša i Michael Unsworth. Prvi festival održan je od 7. do 16. rujna 2012. godine. Utemeljio ga je Saša Britvić, koji je bio umjetničkim ravnateljem sve do smrti. Održava se svake godine u prvoj polovici rujna i traje desetak dana.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Korčulanski barokni festival

Korčula (grad)
Hrvatski glazbeni festivali
Barokna glazba

Korčulanski barokni festival


Emily Behr (* 1976 in Aachen) ist eine deutsche Schauspielerin, Hörbuch- und Synchronsprecherin.

Ausbildung
Ausgebildet wurde Behr in der "Theater Werkstatt Charlottenburg". Danach besuchte sie mehrere Fortbildungskurse, wie z. B. den "Method Acting Workshop" oder den "Japanischer Slow Tempo Workshop nach Shogo Ohta".

Als Schauspielerin war Behr in Fernsehserien wie Großstadtrevier, Löwenzahn und Lindenstraße zu sehen. Sie spielt außerdem in Theaterstücken mit.

Filmografie
 1999: Racheengel – Stimme aus dem Dunkeln
 2000: Die blauen und die grauen Tage
 2002: Großstadtrevier – Kleiner Mann, was nun?
 2003: Die Rettungsflieger – Die Entscheidung
 2003: Sobre el arco iris
 2004: Manson's Dream
 2005: Thumbs Up
 2006: Kopfsache
 2007: Blind Eye
 2007: Far Too Close
 2007: A tes amours
 2008: En passant
 2008: Abschnitt 40 – Zechanschlussraub
 2009: El cónsul de Sodoma
 2010: Allein gegen die Zeit
 2010: Da kommt Kalle – Kalle auf dem Eis
 2011: Gottes mächtige Dienerin
 2011: Löwenzahn – Bienen – Der Raub der Honigmacher
 2013: Lindenstraße
 2013: Kinderwald

Synchronrollen (Auswahl)

Filme
 2008: Brett O'Mara als Brett in The Eye
 2009: Mélanie Laurent als Shosanna Dreyfus in Inglourious Basterds
 2010: Mélanie Laurent als Anna in Beginners
 2012: Leigh Quinn als Krankenschwester Carr in The Best of Men
 2013: Audrey Dana als Fanny in Der jüdische Kardinal
 2013: Mélanie Laurent als Alma Dray in Die Unfassbaren – Now You See Me
 2016: Donna Benedicto als Megan in A Wish for Christmas

Serien
 2006–2007, 2014: Jessica DiCicco als Zing in Winx Club
 2013: Rochelle Bostrom als Frau mit Akzent in Damages – Im Netz der Macht
 2013: Mary Cavett als Roxanne in Pan Am
 2013: Lisa Henni als Lotta Svensson in Ein Fall für Annika Bengtzon
 2014: Julieta Cardinali als Eve Perón in Brief an Evita

Auszeichnungen
 2006: Publikumspreis Landshuter Filmfest für "Kopfsache"
 2007: Jurypreis Festival Villingen-Schwenningen für "Kopfsache"
 2010: Prix Jeunesse International für "Allein gegen die Zeit"
 2010: Nominierung für den Deutschen Fernsehpreis für "Allein gegen die Zeit"
 2010: Goldener Spatz für "Allein gegen die Zeit"
 2010: Der weiße Elefant für "Allein gegen die Zeit"
 2011: Nominierung für den Internationalen Emmy Award 2011 in der Kategorie "children & young people" für "Allein gegen die Zeit"

Weblinks
 Emily Behr auf der Seite ihrer Agentur

Filmschauspieler
Theaterschauspieler
Deutscher
Geboren 1976
Frau

Emily Behr


NGC 156 este o stea dublă situată în constelația Balena. A fost descoperită în anul 1882 de către Wilhelm Tempel.

Note

Vezi și
 NGC 155
 NGC 157

Legături externe
 NGC 156 pe WikiSky
 NGC 156 pe spider.seds.org

Stele duble
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Balena
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1882
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel

NGC 156


The Pteridales were an order of ferns that have their sori in linear strips under the edge of the leaf tissue, usually with the edge of the lamina reflexed over.

This order was reduced the family Pteridaceae under the Smith classification of 2006, a position maintained in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).

References

 Schuettpelz, Eric, Harald Schneider, Layne Huiet, Michael D. Windham, Kathleen M. Pryer. "A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae: Assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44: 1172–1185. 2007: https://web.archive.org/web/20080820183832/http://www.pryerlab.net/publication/fichier1047.pdf

External links

 01
Historically recognized plant orders

Pteridales


Zak O'Sullivan (Cheltenham, 6 de fevereiro de 2005) é um automobilista britânico de ascendência irlandesa que atualmente compete no Campeonato de Fórmula 3 da FIA pela equipe Prema Racing. Ele é o campeão do Campeonato GB3 de 2021, e membro da Williams Driver Academy. O'Sullivan recebeu o prêmio Aston Martin Autosport BRDC de 2021.

Carreira

Campeonato GB3
O'Sullivan permaneceu com a equipe Carlin em 2021, avançando para o Campeonato GB3 com seu companheiro de equipe anterior Christian Mansell e o estadunidense Bryce Aron. Ele conquistando o título da categoria de forma dominante.

Por seus esforços, O'Sullivan foi indicado para o Prêmio Autosport BRDC de 2021 e, em fevereiro de 2022, recebeu essa honra à frente de Jonny Edgar, Louis Foster e Oliver Bearman. Além disso, em dezembro de 2021, o BRDC concedeu a O'Sullivan o Troféu Jim Clark por ganhar o título do Campeonato GB3.

Fórmula 3
Em 4 de fevereiro de 2022, foi anunciado que O'Sullivan, mais uma vez, permaneceu com a equipe Carlin para disputar o Campeonato de Fórmula 3 da FIA de 2021.

O'Sullivan pilotou pela equipe Prema Racing em todos os três dias durante o teste pós-temporada no circuito de Jerez. Em novembro de 2022, foi anunciado que ele se juntaria à Prema para a disputa da temporada de 2023.

Fórmula 1
Em fevereiro de 2022, foi anunciado que O'Sullivan ingressaria na Williams Driver Academy. No final de outubro, ele experimentou pela primeira vez as máquinas da Fórmula 1, pilotando o Aston Martin AMR21 no circuito de Silverstone como parte de sua recompensa por conquistar o prêmio Autosport BRDC no ano anterior.

Ligações externas

Pilotos de automóvel do Reino Unido
Pilotos do Campeonato de Fórmula 3 da FIA
Naturais de Cheltenham

Zak O'Sullivan


කන්කසන්තුරේ ප්‍රදීපාගාරය...✍
1892 වසරේ දී ඉදි කොට ඇති කන්කසන්තුරේ ප්‍රදීපාගාරය එල්ටීටීඊ ප්‍රහාරවලින් විශාල ලෙස විනාශ වී තිබුණි.
ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද හමුදා පස්වන ඉංජිනේරු බලකාය විසින් පුරාවිද්‍යා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවේ සහයෝගය ඇතිව ප්‍රදීපාගාරය ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණය කරන ලදී .

කන්කසන්තුරේ ප්‍රදීපාගාරය


Der Merkantilmagistrat war ein bilateral deutsch-italienisch besetztes Sondergericht in Handelssachen. Es bestand in Bozen von 1635 bis 1851.

Vorgeschichte
Bozen wurde um 1170/80 durch die Bischöfe von Trient als städtische Marktsiedlung gegründet. Diese war von Anfang an als überregionaler Handelsplatz entlang der alpenquerenden Brennerroute konzipiert. Periodisch stattfindende Märkte, zu denen Handelsleute aus Nord und Süd nach Bozen kamen, sind 1202 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt.

Durch seine günstige Verkehrslage entwickelte sich Bozen zum bedeutendsten Handelszentrum Tirols.

Der Bau des Kunterswegs (1307) durch die Eisackschlucht stärkte Bozen noch weiter und bedeutete für die alte Landeshauptstadt Meran eine große Handelseinbuße, weil der Weg über den Jaufenpass nach Sterzing dadurch zweitrangig geworden war. 1357 wurde der von Graf Otto von Tirol in Gries als Konkurrenz errichtete Andreasmarkt nach Bozen verlegt, so dass es dort nun drei große Märkte gab. Trotz heftiger Proteste der Meraner wurde im Jahr 1501 auch noch deren Fronleichnamsmarkt in das von den Fernhändlern bevorzugte Bozen transferiert.

Die vier Bozner Jahrmärkte hießen Mittfastenmarkt, Fronleichnamsmarkt, Bartholomäusmarkt und Andreasmarkt. Sie dauerten jeweils zwei Wochen.

Die Händler waren fast ausnahmslos keine Bozner, sondern kamen aus Verona, Augsburg, Nürnberg und anderen Handelsstädten des norditalienischen und deutschen Raums.

Neben diesen internationalen Jahrmärkten bestand weiterhin die Organisation des heimischen Handels, der ausschließlich deutsch war, da er ein Bürgervorrecht war. Das Bürgerrecht wurde an Italiener grundsätzlich nicht verliehen.

Gründung

Die Verkehrssprache an den internationalen Bozner Märkten war häufig italienisch. Falls Streitigkeiten nicht durch ein Schiedsgericht gelöst wurden, war dafür der Stadt- und Landrichter zuständig. Vor Gericht war nur Deutsch Amtssprache, die Stadt kam den Italienern aber entgegen, indem sie als Bedingung für dieses Amt verlangte, dass der zukünftige Richter "lateinischer, teutscher und welscher sprach geübt und kundig" sein müsse.

Am 15. September 1635 errichtete die Tiroler Landesfürstin Erzherzogin Claudia von Medici den Merkantilmagistrat. Damit machte sie den Versuch Venedigs zunichte, durch die Schaffung einer ähnlichen Einrichtung in Verona (1630) die Bozner Märkte auszustechen. Entscheidender Ratgeber der Landesregierung war der aus Augsburg stammende, in Bozen sesshafte Kaufmann David Wagner, der eine eigene Bozener Judikatur seit den 1620er Jahren urgiert hatte.

Funktionsweise
Das neue Sondergericht hatte zwei Instanzen, von denen jede aus einem Konsul und zwei Beisitzern bestand. War der Konsul erster Instanz ein deutscher "Kontrattant", also ein in eine besondere Matrikel eingetragener Marktbesucher, so waren seine Beisitzer zwei Italiener. Die zweite Instanz hatte dann einen italienischen Konsul und zwei Deutsche als Beisitzer.

Der Schriftverkehr des Merkantilmagistrats wurde meist in italienischer Sprache gehalten, um das Abwandern der italienischen Marktbesucher nach der ihrerseits von Venedig privilegierten Messestadt Verona zu verhindern.

So kam es in Bozen zu einer besonders kaufmannsfreundlichen Rechtsordnung. Es galten Anwaltsverbot, Gerichtskostenfreiheit und das Außerachtlassen überflüssiger Förmlichkeiten. Der Notar, später Kanzler genannt, war allerdings juristisch ausgebildet und hatte die Verwahrung der Gerichtspapiere zu übernehmen.

Merkantilgebäude

Das Merkantilgebäude in der Bozner Silbergasse wurde zwischen 1708 und 1716 nach Plänen des Veroneser Architekten Francesco Perotto errichtet. Es ist das einzige Spätrenaissancegebäude in Bozen – seine zweite Schauseite ist gegen die Bozner Lauben gerichtet und mit Arkaden versehen. Während der Auktionssaal im Erdgeschoss sehr schlicht ist, wurde der Gerichtssaal im Stock darüber großzügig ausgestattet.

Niedergang

Das Bozner Messeprivileg wurde von Kaiserin Maria Theresia 1744 bestätigt.
Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts waren die berühmten Bozner Messen dann aber zu Provinzmärkten herabgesunken, wie die Händlerliste vom Jahr 1817 erkennen lässt. 1849 waren schließlich nicht mehr große Fernhändler, sondern nur mehr kleine Landkrämer tätig, die um Pferdepeitschen, Sägeblätter, Nägel und Taschenmesser feilschten. Im Lichte dieses kaufmännischen Dahinwelkens kam es am 10. März 1851 zur Umbildung des Merkantilmagistrats in eine Handels- und Gewerbekammer. Die Jurisdiktionsbefugnisse gingen an das neu errichtete Landesgericht Bozen über.

Merkantilmuseum
Im Gebäude des Merkantilmagistrats ist seit 1998 das Merkantilmuseum untergebracht. Seit 2012 können auch die mittelalterlichen Kellerräume besichtigt werden.

Archiv
Das umfangreiche historische Archiv des Bozner Merkantilmagistrats umfasst den Zeitraum von 1415 bis 1851. Erstmalig wurde der Bestand von Ferdinand Kogler geordnet und verzeichnet. Es wird zum überwiegenden Teil vom Südtiroler Landesarchiv verwahrt; nur wenige Reste befinden sich heute noch im Magistratsgebäude selbst und werden hier zu Ausstellungszwecken genutzt.

Siehe auch
 Geschichte der Stadt Bozen
 Messe Bozen

Literatur
 Wilhelm Silberschmidt: Bozen. In: Ders.: Die Entstehung des deutschen Handelsgerichts. Leipzig, Duncker 1894, S. 100–115 (online).
 Handels- und Gewerbekammer Bozen: Das Merkantilgebäude in Bozen. Kunstverlag Anton Schroll, Wien 1908.
 Franz Huter: Die Quellen des Meßgerichtsprivilegs der Erzherzogin Claudia für die Boznermärkte (1635). In: Bozner Jahrbuch für Geschichte, Kultur und Kunst, Verlagsanstalt Vogelweider, Bozen 1927.
 Rainer Sprung: Das Privileg und die Ordnung Erzherzogin Claudias von Medici vom 15. 9. 1635 für die Bozner Märkte und Messen. In: Handels-, Industrie-, Handwerks- und Landwirtschaftskammer Bozen (Hrsg.): Die Bozner Handelskammer. Vom Merkantilmagistrat bis zur Gegenwart. Bozen 1981, S. 9–58.
 Hans Heiss: Die ökonomische Schattenregierung Tirols. Zur Rolle des Bozner Merkantilmagistrats vom 17. bis ins frühe 19. Jahrhundert. In: Geschichte und Region/Storia e regione. Band 1, 1992, S. 66–85.
 Handelskammer Bozen: Merkantilmuseum Bozen. Katalog, Bozen 1998.
 Handelskammer Bozen: Die Familie Menz und die Stadt Bozen. Katalog, Bozen 2009.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Webseite des Merkantilmuseums Bozen

Wirtschaftsgeschichte Tirols
Handelsrecht
Geschichte Bozens
Recht (Südtirol)

Merkantilmagistrat


Mbilinga Football Club ist ein gabunischer Fußballklub mit Sitz in der Stadt Port-Gentil in der Provinz Ogooué-Maritime.

Geschichte
Der Klub wurde im 1962 als Team des Unternehmens Shell Oil gegründet, daher taucht das Team auch in früheren Aufzeichnungen als Shellsport FC oder Shell FC auf. Das Team nahm an der Premieren-Saison 1984/85 der im Liga-System ausgespielten Championnat National D1 teil. Danach etablierte sich das Team in der Liga und platzierte sich zumeist im Mittelfeld der Spielklasse. Nachdem man es schon einige Male ins Finale des nationalen Pokals schaffte, gelang es in der Saison 1989/90 diesen dann auch schließlich dass erste Mal, nach einem 3:1-Sieg über den AS Sogara, zu gewinnen. Dadurch durfte die Mannschaft am African Cup Winners' Cup der Saison 1991 teilnehmen.

Für die Saison 1991/92 nahm der Klub übergangsweise den Namen Shellsport Mbilinga FC an. Zur Folgesaison trat man dann nur noch unter dem Namen Mbilinga FC auf. In dieser Saison gelang nach einem 2:1 im Finale über den Delta Sports FC auch der zweite Gewinn des Pokals. Nachdem der Pokal in den kommenden Spielzeiten nicht ausgetragen wurde, qualifizierte sich der Klub als Zweitplatzierter der Meisterschaft in den Jahren 1995 und 1997 für den internationalen Wettbewerb. In der Saison 1996 gelang in einer sehr verkürzt ausgetragenen Liga sogar die erste Meisterschaft in der Liga. Der letzte Gewinn des Pokals gelang dann noch einmal in der Saison 1998, nach einem 3:0-Sieg im Finale über Wongosport. Vermutlich als Strafe musste der Klub, obwohl er sich in der Liga auf dem achten Platz positionieren konnte, zur nächsten Saison aber eine Liga tiefer spielen. Seitdem ist der Klub nicht mehr in einer der obersten Spielklassen des Landes aufgetaucht.

Erfolge
 Championnat National D1: 1
 1996
 Coupe du Gabon Interclubs: 3
 1989/90, 1993, 1998

Statistik in den CAF-Wettbewerben

Einzelnachweise

Gabunischer Fußballverein
Sportverein (Port-Gentil)

Mbilinga FC


Probele sportive de patinaj viteză pe pistă scurtă la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2018 s-au desfășurat în perioada 9-25 februarie 2018 la Pyeongchang, Coreea de Sud la Arena de gheață Gangneung.

Sumar medalii

Clasament pe țări

Masculin

Feminin

Note

Legături externe
Patinaj viteză pe pistă scurtă

Sporturi la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2018
2018

Patinaj viteză pe pistă scurtă la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2018


إذاعة بيروت دوت كوم هي اذاعة لبنانية تبث عبر الإنترنت.

مراجع

إذاعات إنترنت
إذاعات لبنان

راديو بيروت دوت كوم


Grænselandet er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2013, der er instrueret af Jarl Sidelmann efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Filmen handler om spirituelle kriser, psykoser i forbindelse med meditation og kundalinifænomenet.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2013

Grænselandet


Agathis lenticula er tegund af barrtrjám sem vex í Borneó. Það verður um 45 m hátt.

Tilvísanir

Barrtré

Agathis lenticula


The term Listserv (styled by the registered trademark licensee, L-Soft International, Inc., as LISTSERV) has been used to refer to electronic mailing list software applications in general, but is more properly applied to a few early instances of such software, which allows a sender to send one email to a list, which then transparently sends it on to the addresses of the subscribers to the list.

The original Listserv software, the Bitnic Listserv (also known as BITNIC LISTSERV) (1984–1986), allowed mailing lists to be implemented on IBM VM mainframes and was developed by Ira Fuchs, Daniel Oberst, and Ricky Hernandez in 1984. This mailing list service was known as Listserv@Bitnic (also known as LISTSERV@BITNIC) and quickly became a key service on the BITNET network. It provided functionality similar to a UNIX Sendmail alias and, as with Sendmail, subscriptions were managed manually.

In 1986, Éric Thomas developed an independent application, originally named "Revised Listserv" (also known as "Revised LISTSERV"), which was the first automated mailing list management application. Prior to Revised Listserv, email lists were managed manually. To join or leave a list, people would write to a list administrator and ask to be added or removed, a process that became more time-consuming as discussion lists grew in popularity.

By 1987, the users of the Bitnic Listserv had migrated to Thomas' version.

Listserv was freeware from 1986 through 1993 and is now a commercial product developed by L-Soft, a company founded by Thomas in 1994.  A free version limited to ten lists of up to 500 subscribers each can be downloaded from the company's web site.

Several other list-management tools were subsequently developed, such as Lyris ListManager in 1997 (now Aurea Email Marketing), Sympa in 1997, GNU Mailman in 1998, and Gaggle in 2015.

Automated mailing list management
In 1986, Éric Thomas developed the concept of an automated mailing list manager. Whilst a student at École Centrale Paris, he developed the software now known as LISTSERV. Some of the early software features allowed joining or leaving a list without the need for human administration. Also, the list owner could add or remove subscribers, and edit templates for both welcome and system messages. Amongst other innovations LISTSERV introduced double opt-in in 1993 and the first spam filter in 1995.

After the release of Thomas' LISTSERV in 1986, LISTSERV@BITNIC was enhanced to provide automatic list management, but was abandoned a few months later when Bitnic installed Thomas' LISTSERV.

Other than their name, Bitnic's and Thomas' products are unrelated and neither product is based on the other product's code.

Though electronic mailing lists (also known as "email lists") are not as popular as they once were, they continue to be used today due to their ease of use.

Trademark
LISTSERV was registered as a trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in 1995, based on its use since 1986.  It was registered with the Swedish Patent and Registration Office, PRV, in 2001. As such, in those jurisdictions, using the word "listserv" to describe a different product or as a generic term for any email-based mailing list of that kind is a trademark misuse. The standard generic terms are electronic mailing list, e-list, or email list for the list itself, and email list manager or email list software for the software product that manages the list.  Nevertheless, the generic use of the term has been common at times.

Security
Individual user passwords were stored in plaintext until version 15.0. This made them available to users who are listed as "Site Managers" or "Postmasters" in the application configuration. Storing passwords in plaintext has the potential to allow anyone with access to the site, including attackers who might have compromised the site, to read the credentials. With the 2007 release of version 15.5, passwords are now stored hashed to defend against this attack.

Editions
LISTSERV is available in several licensing options: LISTSERV Lite Free Edition for non-commercial hobby use; LISTSERV Lite for smaller workloads; LISTSERV, the standard, full-featured version; LISTSERV HPO (High Performance Option); and LISTSERV Maestro (for customized and targeted email publishing and reporting).

Supported operating systems
A list of currently-supported operating systems can be found at LISTSERV Supported Operating Systems

See also

 List of mailing list software
 Massively distributed collaboration

References

External links
 LISTSERV product information on L-Soft's Web site and its catalog of LISTSERV lists (CataList Email List Search)

Computer-related introductions in 1986
Mailing list software
Internet protocols
Internet Standards
Internet Protocol based network software
Email
Trademarks

LISTSERV


An Galeandra bicarinata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Gustavo Adolfo Romero ngan Paul Martin Brown. An Galeandra bicarinata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Galeandra, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Galeandra

Galeandra bicarinata


Anne-Marie Hofmann (* 17. August 1920 in Stuttgart; † 23. August 2014) war eine deutsche Juristin.

Werdegang
Anne-Marie Hofmann  wurde am 17. August 1920 als zweites Kind eines Arztes in Stuttgart geboren.
Sie studierte Rechtswissenschaften an der Universität Münster und in Heidelberg. 1972 wurde sie zur Bundesanwältin beim Bundesgerichtshof ernannt. Sie blieb zwölf Jahre lang einzige Bundesanwältin in der Justizgeschichte der Bundesrepublik.

Ehrungen
 1985: Großes Verdienstkreuz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Einzelnachweise

Staatsanwalt (Deutschland)
Träger des Großen Bundesverdienstkreuzes
Deutscher
Geboren 1920
Gestorben 2014
Frau

Anne-Marie Hofmann


Mixed doubleturnering i badminton under sommer-OL 2020 fandt sted 24. – 30. juli 2021 og blev afviklet i Musashino Forest Sport Plaza, der ligger i Heritage Zonen.

Medaljefordeling

Format
Turneringen begyndte med indledende gruppekampe, hvor udøverne blev delt op i fire grupper og spillede alle-mod-alle i de indledende grupper. De fire bedst doubler var seedede og placeret i hver deres indledende gruppe. De to bedste doubler fra de indledende gruppekampe gik videre til kvartfinalerne. Den bedste double i hver gruppe gik til hver sin kvartfinale, mens de fire toere var gennem lodtrækning for at blive placeret i kvartfinalen. Herefter var der semifinaler, kamp om bronze samt finalen.

Seedet
I alt var fire par seedet i konkurrencen.

  Zheng Siwei / Huang Yaqiong
  Wang Yi Lyu / Huang Dong Ping

<li>  Dechapol Puavaranukroh / Sapsiree Taerattanachai
<li>  Praveen Jordan / Melati Daeva Oktavianti

Resultater

Gruppespil

Gruppe A

Gruppe B

Gruppe C

Gruppe D

Slutspil

Referencer

Mixed double

Badminton under sommer-OL 2020 - mixed double


بلدية سان خوان دي لا إنثينيا (بالإسبانية: San Juan de la Encinilla) هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة آبلة التابعة لمنطقة قشتالة وليون وسط إسبانيا.

الديموغرافيا
بلغ عدد سكان بلدية سان خوان دي لا إنثينيا 103 نسمة عام 2011 (وفقاً للمعهد الوطني للإحصاء الإسباني).

مراجع

مصادر
  الموقع الرسمي لبلدية سان خوان دي لا إنثينيا

أماكن مأهولة في آبلة
بلديات آبلة

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A competição da marcha atlética masculina 35 km no Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 2022 foi realizada em Eugene, nos Estados Unidos, no dia 24 de julho de 2022.

Recordes
Antes da competição, os recordes eram os seguintes:

Os seguintes recordes mundiais ou olímpicos foram estabelecidos durante esta competição:

Medalhistas

Tempo de qualificação

Calendário

Resultado final
A final ocorreu dia 24 de julho às 06:15.

Ligações externas

 Site da World Athletics

Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 2022

Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 2022 - 35 km marcha atlética masculina


Sicherheitsindikator ist ein aus der Betriebserfahrung abgeleiteter Parameter einer Sicherheitseigenschaft des Systems.

Der Parameter wird aus der Häufigkeit, mit der eine Sicherheitseigenschaft des Systems in Erscheinung tritt, ermittelt. Stör- und Unfallereignisse geben Aufschluss darüber, wie ein System ausfallen kann (hinsichtlich Art, Umfang und Ursache des Schadens).

Eigenschaften und Bedeutung von Sicherheitsindikatoren

Sicherheitsindikatoren stellen heute für die Sicherheitsmanagement-Systeme in allen risikorelevanten Systemen (wie Kerntechnik, Chemie und in Verkehrssystemen: Luftfahrt, Schiff, Bahn, Kraftfahrzeug) ein wesentliches und notwendiges Werkzeug dar. Sie sind nach aus dem Betrieb leicht ableitbar und als quantitative Größen in ihrer Bedeutung unzweideutig und überprüfbar. Sie vermitteln dem Sicherheitsmanagement ein klares Bild über den Sicherheit-Status des Systems.

Die Trendverfolgung der Indikatoren über Störungen – im Vorfeld von Unfällen – gibt der Betriebsführung Hinweise auf mögliche Verschlechterungen des Systems, worauf Korrekturmaßnahmen eingeleitet werden können. (Leading indicators / Potential accident fore-runners).

Die Trendverfolgung der Unfallereignisse vergleichbarer Systeme gibt einer Betriebsführung Aufschluss über die allgemeinen Unfallrisiken des Systems und seiner Veränderungen, ob ein Lernprozess aufgrund der Unfallerfahrung stattgefunden hat und welche Maßnahmen dabei wirksam waren (Lagging indicators).

Anhand der Unfallverursacher können gezielt Verbesserungsmaßnahmen eingeleitet werden. Sie stellen gleichermaßen eine Quelle für die Auswahl wesentlicher Indikatoren im Vorfeld von Unfällen dar (Leading indicators). Das ergibt sich aus dem Umstand, dass die Mehrzahl der ermittelten Unfallursachen sich aus einer Verkettung von einzelnen Störungen im System zusammensetzen, wobei die einzelne Störung in der Regel sicherheitstechnisch unbedeutend ist (vgl.).

In der Finanzwirtschaft kommen die Indikatoren in entsprechender Weise zur Anwendung und werden wie folgt definiert:
 Leading indicators sind Indikatoren, die sich verändern, bevor sich die Finanzwirtschaft als Ganzes verändert.
 Lagging indicators sind Indikatoren, die sich verändern, nachdem sich die Finanzwirtschaft als Ganzes verändert hat.

Ein grundlegendes Management-Axiom besagt, dass man nicht managen kann, was nicht messbar ist. Es ist daher notwendig, für jedes System einen Satz von messbaren Systemleistungsgrößen (performance outcomes) zu definieren, um beurteilen zu können, ob das System sich tatsächlich so verhält, wie es geplant, entworfen und genehmigt wurde.

Nach ist eine gute Gesundheits- und Sicherheitsleistung (Health and safety performance H&S) eines Unternehmens ein guter Indikator für ein gutes Management.

Die Leistung des Managements ist selbst anhand von Indikatoren überprüfbar, wie durch H&S-Audits, Training, die Einbeziehung der Belegschaft in die Unternehmenspolitik und deren Ziele sowie durch regelmäßige Überprüfungen der Sicherheitskultur. Die Berichterstattung des Managements über die Unternehmensleistung und deren Ziele stellt einen Schlüsselindikator des Managements (Reporting indicator). In wird jedoch darauf hingewiesen, dass noch wenig Klarheit darüber besteht, welche Indikatoren die wichtigsten sind.

Zur Erweiterung des Erfahrungsstandes über den einzelnen Unternehmensbereich hinaus werden in den verschiedenen Branchen (wie Luftverkehr, Schifffahrt, Kernkraftwerke) nationale und internationale statistische Erhebungen über die Unfallereignisse und deren Ursachen durchgeführt (Lagging indicators).

Anwendungen von Sicherheitsindikatoren

Luftfahrt
In der zivilen Luftfahrt werden seit 1960 die weltweit auftretenden Unfälle hinsichtlich ihrer Unfallursachen mit dem Ziel untersucht, Wiederholungen von Unfällen der gleichen Art zu verhindern und die Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu verbessern (Lagging indicators). Die Auswertungen der Unfallursachen zeigen in der Regel eine Verkettung von Ereignissen, die auch die Analyse der Unfallursachen in der Regel schwierig gestalten.

Die statistischen Auswertungen der jährlichen Unfallzahlen in der zivilen Luftfahrt von 1960 bis 1970 zeigen eine deutliche Abnahme der Unfallrate, die auf einen entsprechenden Lernprozess in der Sicherheitstechnik hinweist. Von 1991 bis 2010 fällt die Unfallrate nur noch geringfügig von ca. 1,5 auf 0,5 Ereignissen pro 1 Mill. Starts und Jahr ab.
Die Anzahlen der aufgetretenen Unfalltoten schwanken dagegen von Jahr zu Jahr beträchtlich von weniger als 5 bis zu 1300 Toten und ohne erkennbaren zeitlichen Trend.

Die in ermittelten Unfallraten werden durchgehend auf die Starts der Flugzeuge normiert, mit der Begründung, dass die Unfallhäufigkeit mit Anzahl der Flugbewegungen und weniger mit der Flugdauer korreliert ist. Das leitet sich daraus ab, dass die Unfallrate viel stärker durch die Start- und Landephase als durch die Dauer des Reisefluges (Anteil 11 % in 2001 bis 2010) bestimmt wird. Der Bezug der Unfallrate auf die Flugstunde würde danach keine realistischen Unfallzahlen ergeben.

Zur Untersuchung der verschiedenen Einflussgrößen, werden die Unfallereignisse nach folgenden Kategorien aufgeschlüsselt, so z. B. nach Art der Luftfahrzeuge (Linie, Charter, Fracht), Flugzeugtyp, der Flugphase (Start, Reiseflug, Landen, Flugplatz) sowie nach Schadenskategorien, wie Verlust der Flugkontrolle, Brennstoffverlust, Feuer / Rauch, Abkommen von der Start- und Landebahn, System- und Komponentenfehler, Vogelschlag.

Die Unfallstatistik zeigt besondere Ausprägungen für folgende Kategorien:
 ältere Flugzeugtypen gegenüber neueren Maschinen,
 Start- und Landephase gegenüber dem Reiseflug,
 Verlust Flugkontrolle,
 Kollision / Beinahe-Kollision mit Landschaftsobjekten,
 Abkommen des Flugzeuges von der Landebahn.

Luftfahrt in Deutschland

Für die zivile Luftfahrt in Deutschland gibt die (Bundesstelle für Flugunfalluntersuchung) BFU Jahresberichte "Unfälle und schwere Störungen beim Betrieb ziviler Luftfahrzeuge" heraus.
Die statistischen Unfalldaten aller Luftfahrzeuge (Flugzeuge, Hubschrauber, Segelflugzeuge) in Deutschland zeigen über einen Zeitraum von 1991 bis 2008 mit ca. 40 Unfalltoten pro Jahr einen annähernd konstanten Verlauf. Eine Korrelation mit dem sich verändernden Bestand an Luftfahrzeugen oder der Gesamtzahl der Flugbewegungen wird nicht gegeben.

Flugplatz-Management

Zur sicherheitstechnischen Bewertung der Betriebsabläufe eines Flugplatzes durch das Sicherheitsmanagement werden in die folgenden Sicherheitsindikatoren genannt (Leading indicators):
 Verletzung der Verkehrsregeln auf dem Flugplatz
 unautorisiertes Personal auf dem Flugfeld
 Störungen und Unfälle auf dem Flugfeld (betreffend Personal, Flugzeug oder Flugfeldeinrichtungen)
 Instandsetzung von Fahrwegschäden durch Fremdeinwirkung
 Schäden durch Vogelschlag
 Schäden an Warnmarkierungen
 Unterbrechung der Hauptstromversorgung
 Eingeschränkte Verfügbarkeit des Beleuchtungssystems
 Ausfall von Signaleinrichtungen
 Eingeschränkte Alarmbereitschaft der Feuerwehr
 Eingeschränkte Verfügbarkeit der Brandschutzeinrichtungen
 Unzureichend qualifiziertes Brandschutz-Personal.

Kerntechnik
Zur Erfassung des Sicherheits- bzw. Risikozustandes eines Kernkraftwerkes (KKW) in seiner Gesamtheit empfiehlt die IAEA einen umfassenden Satz von Sicherheitsindikatoren (SI) zu verwenden (Leading indicators). Für die Ableitung der SI stellen die Modelle der Risikoanalyse, die die Ausfallstrukturen der Systeme abbilden, eine geeignete Grundlage dar.

Tschechien

Im tschechischen KKW Dukovany wurde entsprechend der Empfehlung der IAEA ein SI-System installiert, das insgesamt 184 der von WANO und IAEA empfohlenen Indikatoren enthält. Die SI über die jeweils aktuellen Zustände der Komponenten werden anhand von vier Farben (Werte-Bereiche) angezeigt:

 Grün: Exzellent
 Weiß: normal
 Gelb: Warnung
 Rot: unzulässig

USA

Die amerikanische Sicherheitsbehörde NRC hat für laufende Überwachung der Kernkraftwerke in den USA ein computerbasiertes Sicherheitsindikatoren-Programm (Reactor Oversight Process) erstellt, das vom Personal des jeweiligen KKW ausgeführt. Die erfassten Ergebniszustände der SI werden der NRC vierteljährlich berichtet, die diese wiederum in veröffentlicht.

Die in den KKW zur Anwendung kommenden SI leiten sich aus der Struktur der Risikoanalyse des jeweiligen KKWs ab (Cornerstones of Safe Operation) und sind wie folgt gegliedert:
 Störfall-auslösende Ereignisse (Initiating Events) – Systeme und Komponenten, die bei Ausfall den Einsatz von Sicherheitssystemen notwendig machen, um einen Reaktorunfall zu vermeiden.
 Sicherheitssysteme (Mitigating Systems) – Systeme und Komponenten, die im Fall eines störfallauslösenden Ereignisses zum Einsatz kommen.
 Barriere-Systeme (Barrier Integrity) – Komponenten, die den drei Sicherheitseinschlüssen des radioaktiven Inventars des KKW zugeordnet sind:
 die Brennstabhüllen, die die Uranbrennstoff-Tabletten (Pallets) einschließen;
 der Reaktorprimärkreis, der die Brennelemente im Reaktorkern umschließt und
 der Reaktorsicherheitsbehälter (Containment), der den Primärkreis umschließt.
 Notfallbereitschaft (Emergency Preparedness) – Notfallmaßnahmen, die im Fall eines Unfalls geplant sind, Ergebnisse der Notfallübungen.
 Strahlenschutz des Personals (Occupational Radiation Safety) – Maßnahmen und Einrichtungen zur Begrenzung der Strahlenexpositionen des Personals.
 Strahlenschutz der Bevölkerung (Public Radiation Safety) – Maßnahmen und Einrichtungen zur Begrenzung der Radioaktivitätsabgabe aus dem KKW.
 Sicherung (Security) – Maßnahmen und Einrichtungen zur Abwehr von Sabotage, Alkohol- und Drogenkonsum.
 Leistungsfähigkeit des Personals (Human performance).
 Sicherheitsbewusstsein des Personals (Management attention to safety and workers' ability to raise safety issues) – Sicherheitsbewusstsein am Arbeitsplatz.
 Problem-Lösungs-Findungen (Finding and fixing problems) – Das Managementprogramm zur Problemlösung.

Der aktuelle Zustand der erfassten Größen wird anhand von vier Farben ("Color-coded performance indicators") angezeigt:
 Grün: Zustand der Komponente ist einwandfrei,
 Weiß: geringfügige sicherheitstechnische Abweichung,
 Gelb: mäßige sicherheitstechnische Abweichung,
 Rot: erhebliche sicherheitstechnische Abweichung.

Südkorea

Für die KKW in Südkorea wurden SI-Programme nach dem Vorbild der NRC erarbeitet. Grundlage für die Festlegung der SI ist hier auch die Probabilistische Sicherheitsanalyse (PSA) der koreanischen KKW.

Chemie
Nach der OECD fällt der Aufsichtsbehörde eines Chemiewerkes bei der Einführung und Anwendung von Sicherheitsindikatoren-Programmen zur Vorsorge gegen Chemieunfälle durch das Unternehmen eine wichtige Rolle zu. Die Behörde soll die behördlichen Rahmenbedingungen für die Anwendung der SI schaffen sowie die SI selbst bei Eintritt eines Unfalles zur Verbesserung des eigenen Informationsstandes nutzen, wie zur Warnung und Evakuierung der umliegenden Bevölkerung, zum Einsatz der Polizei, Feuerwehr und weiterer Notfalldienste.

Der SI wird nach als eine messbare Größe verstanden, die Einblicke in das Sicherheitskonzept einer Anlage ermöglicht, was durch andere Verfahren nicht direkt möglich ist. Es werden zwei wesentliche Arten der SI unterschieden:
 Activities indicators: Soll die Aktionen und Maßnahmen des Managements aufzeigen, die dazu dienen, das Anlagenrisiko zu reduzieren (Leading indicators).
 Outcome indicators: Soll aufzeigen, inwieweit die vom Management eingeleiteten Maßnahmen die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Störungen, Unfällen und Verletzungen senken (Lagging indicators).

Pipeline-Systeme

Zur Ertüchtigung des Sicherheit des kanadischen Pipeline-Netzes und zum Schutz der Umwelt hat das kanadische "National Energy Board" (NEB) 2011 ein Safety Performance Indicators (SPI)-Programm initiiert. Das Pipeline-Netz, das der statistischen Auswertung unterliegt, umfasste 2000: 39.193 km Rohrleitungslänge, 2008: 40.760 km und 2009: 62.607 km.

Die erfassten Hauptgruppen der SPI betreffen (Lagging indicators):
 Anzahl Unfall-Tote
 Anzahl Unfall-Verletzte
 Anzahl Pipeline-Brüche
 Anzahl Pipeline-Leckagen (≤1,5 m³ und >1,5 m³)
 Menge der Gasfreisetzungen
 Managementdefizite als Mitverursacher von Unfallverletzungen.

Die jährliche Anzahl der Rohrleitungsbrüche in der Zeit von 1991 bis 2009 schwankt zwischen Null und 6 Ereignissen, bei einem Durchschnittswert von ca. 2 Ereignissen pro Jahr. 2009 erreichte die Rate wieder einen Maximalwert von 5 Ereignissen, der  z. T. auf die deutliche Erweiterung des Pipeline-Netzes in diesem Jahr zurückgeführt wird.
Der größte Anteil der Schadensursachen für den Rohrbruch (65 %) wird durch Korrosionen der Metallwand hervorgerufen.

Diagramm: Anzahl der Rohrleitungsbrüche pro Jahr

Die Anzahl der Pipeline-Leckagen in der Zeit von 2000 bis 2009 werden im Durchschnitt für die Leckgrößen (≤1,5 m³) mit 37 und (>1,5 m³) mit 5 Ereignissen pro Jahr angegeben, ohne erkennbaren Trend im Erfassungszeitraum.

Zur Bewertung und Verbesserung des Sicherheitsprogramms des Pipeline-Managements und des Ausbildungsstandes des Personals wurden die Schadensereignisse mit Unfallverletzten im Zeitraum von 2000 bis 2009 nach folgenden Ursachenmerkmalen untersucht und in zwei Gruppen unterteilt (Werte in Klammern – Anzahl der festgestellten Ursachenmerkmale im Erfassungszeitraum):

Direkte Ursachen:
 Ungeeignete Positionierung (4)
 Ungeeignete Anordnung (6)
 Ungeeignete Anwendung von Werkzeugen und Einrichtungen (4)
 Unterlassene Warnung (1)
 Ungenügende Absicherung (4)
 Fehlerhafte Anwendung von Prozeduren (1)
 Gefährliche Arbeitsbedingungen (1)
 Ungeeignete Kennzeichnung (1).

Grundlegende Ursachen:
 Ungeeignete Führung und Überwachung (3)
 Ungeeignete Werkzeuge und Einrichtungen (4)
 Ungeeignete Arbeitsrichtlinien (3)
 Ungeeignetes Engineering (2)
 Fehlerhafte Beurteilung / Einschätzung (5)
 Ungenügender Kenntnisstand (3)
 Ungenügende Motivation (2).

Einzelnachweise

Sicherheitstechnik

Sicherheitsindikator


The Douglas SBD Dauntless is a World War II American naval scout plane and dive bomber that was manufactured by Douglas Aircraft from 1940 through 1944. The SBD ("Scout Bomber Douglas") was the United States Navy's main carrier-based scout/dive bomber from mid-1940 through mid-1944. The SBD was also flown by the United States Marine Corps, both from land air bases and aircraft carriers. The SBD is best remembered as the bomber that delivered the fatal blows to the Japanese carriers at the Battle of Midway in June 1942. The type earned its nickname "Slow But Deadly" (from its SBD initials) during this period, along with a rarely-used accompanying nickname of "Furious D."

During its combat service, the SBD proved to be an excellent naval scout plane and dive bomber. It possessed long range, good handling characteristics, maneuverability, potent bomb load, great diving characteristics from the perforated dive brakes, good defensive armament, and ruggedness. One land-based variant of the SBD – omitting the arrestor hook — was purpose-built for the U.S. Army Air Forces, as the A-24 Banshee.

Design and development
Design work on the Northrop BT-1 began in 1935. In 1937, the Northrop Corporation was taken over by Douglas, and the active Northrop projects continued under Douglas Aircraft Corporation. The Northrop BT-2 was developed from the BT-1 by modifications ordered in November 1937, and provided the basis of the SBD, which first entered service in mid-1939. Ed Heinemann led a team of designers who considered a development with a  Wright Cyclone engine. The plane was developed at the Douglas El Segundo, California, plant, and that facility, along with the company's Oklahoma City plant, built almost all the SBDs produced. One year earlier, both the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps had placed orders for the new dive bomber, designated the SBD-1 and SBD-2 (the latter had increased fuel capacity and different armament). The SBD-1 went to the Marine Corps in late 1940, and the SBD-2 to the Navy in early 1941, replacing the SBU Corsair and Curtiss SBC Helldiver squadrons on US carriers. Distinctive perforated split flaps or "dive-brakes" had been incorporated into the BT-1 to eliminate tail buffeting during diving maneuvers. Unusual for carrier aircraft, folding wings were not chosen for the design, opting instead for structural strength.

The next version was the SBD-3, which began manufacture in early 1941. It had increased armor, self-sealing fuel tanks, and four machine guns. The SBD-4 provided a 12-volt (up from 6-volt) electrical system, and a few were converted into SBD-4P reconnaissance aircraft.

The next (and most produced) version, the SBD-5, was produced mostly in the Douglas plant in Tulsa, Oklahoma. This version was equipped with a  engine and an increased ammunition supply. Over 2,400 of these were built. A few of them were shipped to the Royal Navy for evaluation. In addition to American service, the SBD saw combat against the Japanese Army and Navy with No. 25 Squadron of the Royal New Zealand Air Force—but the RNZAF soon replaced them with the larger, faster, heavier and land-based Vought F4U Corsairs.

Some SBDs were also flown by the Free French Air Force against the German Heer and Luftwaffe. SBDs were also sold to Mexico.

The final version, the SBD-6, had more improvements, but its production ended during the summer of 1944.

The U.S. Army Air Force had its own version of the SBD, called the A-24 Banshee. It lacked the tail hook used for carrier landings, and a pneumatic tire replaced the solid tail wheel. First assigned to the 27th Bombardment Group (Light) at Hunter Field, Georgia, A-24s flew in the Louisiana maneuvers of September 1941. There were three versions of the Banshee (A-24, A-24A and A-24B) flown by the army to a very minor degree in the early stages of the war. The USAAF used 948 of the 5,937 Dauntlesses built.

Operational history

U.S. Navy and Marine Corps

U.S. Navy and Marine Corps SBDs saw their first action at Pearl Harbor, when most of the Marine Corps SBDs of Marine Scout Bombing Squadron 232 (VMSB-232) were destroyed on the ground at Ewa Mooring Mast Field. Most U.S. Navy SBDs flew from their aircraft carriers, which did not operate in close cooperation with the rest of the fleet. Most Navy SBDs at Pearl Harbor, like their Marine Corps counterparts, were destroyed on the ground. On 10 December 1941, SBDs from  sank the Japanese submarine I-70. In February–March 1942, SBDs from the carriers , , and , took part in various raids on Japanese installations in the Gilbert Islands, the Marshall Islands, New Guinea, Rabaul, Wake Island, and Marcus Island.

The first major use of the SBD in combat was at the Battle of the Coral Sea where SBDs and TBD Devastators sank the Japanese light aircraft carrier (CVL)  and damaged the Japanese fleet carrier . SBDs were also used for anti-torpedo combat air patrols (CAP) and these scored several victories against Japanese aircraft trying to attack Lexington and Yorktown. Their relatively heavy gun armament with two forward-firing  M2 Browning machine guns and either one or two rear flexible-mount  AN/M2 machine guns was effective against the lightly built Japanese fighters, and many pilots and gunners took aggressive attitudes to the fighters that attacked them. SBD pilot Stanley "Swede" Vejtasa was attacked by three A6M2 Zero fighters; he shot down two of them and cut off the wing of the third in a head-on pass with his wingtip.

The SBD's most important contribution to the American war effort came during the Battle of Midway in early June 1942. Four squadrons of Navy SBD dive bombers attacked and sank or fatally damaged all four Japanese fleet carriers present, disabling three of them in the span of just six minutes (, , ) and, later in the day, . They also caught two straggling heavy cruisers of the Midway bombardment group of four, heavily damaging them, with  eventually sinking.

At the Battle of Midway, Marine Corps SBDs were not as effective. One squadron, VMSB-241, flying from Midway Atoll, was not trained in the techniques of dive-bombing with their new Dauntlesses (having just partially converted from the SB2U Vindicator). Its pilots resorted to the slower but easier glide bombing technique. This led to many of the SBDs being shot down during their glide, although one survivor from these attacks is now on display at the National Naval Aviation Museum and is the last surviving aircraft to fly in the battle. The carrier-borne squadrons were effective, especially when they were escorted by Grumman F4F Wildcats. The success of dive bombing resulted from one important circumstance:

SBDs played a major role in the Guadalcanal campaign, operating off both American carriers and from Henderson Field on Guadalcanal. SBDs proved lethal to Japanese shipping that failed to clear New Georgia Sound (The Slot) by daylight. Losses inflicted included the carrier , sunk near the Solomon Islands on 24 August. Three other Japanese carriers were damaged during the six-month campaign. SBDs sank a cruiser and nine transports during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.

The SBD's strengths and weaknesses became evident. While the American strength was dive bombing, the Japanese stressed their Nakajima B5N2 "Kate" torpedo bombers, which had caused the bulk of the damage during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

In the Atlantic Ocean the SBD saw action during Operation Torch, the Allied landings in North Africa in November 1942. The SBDs flew from  and two escort carriers. Eleven months later, during Operation Leader, the SBDs saw their European debut when aircraft from Ranger attacked Nazi German shipping around Bodø, Norway.

By 1944 the U.S. Navy began replacing the SBD with the more powerful SB2C Helldiver. During the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944, a long range twilight strike was made against the retreating Japanese fleet, at (or beyond) the limit of the combat radius of the aircraft. The force had about twenty minutes of daylight over their targets before attempting the long return in the dark. Of the 215 aircraft, only 115 made it back. Twenty were lost to enemy action in the attack, and 80 were lost as one by one they expended their fuel and had to ditch into the sea. In the attack were 26 SBDs, all of which made it back to the carriers.

The Battle of the Philippine Sea was the last major engagement of the carrier-borne SBDs. Marine squadrons continued to fly SBDs until the end of the war. Although the Curtiss Helldiver had a more powerful engine, a higher maximum speed and could carry nearly a thousand pounds more in bomb load, many of the dive bomber pilots preferred the SBD, which was lighter and had better low-speed handling characteristics, critical for carrier landings.

The Dauntless was one of the most important aircraft in the Pacific War, sinking more enemy shipping in the Pacific than any other Allied bomber. Barrett Tillman, in his book on the Dauntless, claims that it has a "plus" score against enemy aircraft, meaning it was credited with more victories over enemy planes than losses from enemy action. This is considered to be a rare event for a nominal "bomber".

A total of 5,936 SBDs were produced during the war. The last SBD rolled off the assembly lines at the Douglas Aircraft plant in El Segundo, California, on 21 July 1944. The Navy placed emphasis on the heavier, faster and longer-ranged SB2C. From Pearl Harbor through April 1944, SBDs had flown 1,189,473 operational hours, with 25% of all operational hours flown off aircraft carriers being in SBDs. Its battle record shows that in addition to six Japanese carriers, 14 enemy cruisers had been sunk, along with six destroyers, 15 transports or cargo ships and scores of various lesser craft.

United States Army Air Forces

The USAAF sent 52 A-24 Banshees in crates to the Philippines in the fall of 1941 to equip the 27th Bombardment Group, whose personnel were sent separately. However, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, these bombers were diverted to Australia and the 27th BG fought on the Bataan Peninsula as infantry. While in Australia the aircraft were reassembled for flight to the Philippines, but their missing parts, including solenoids, trigger motors and gun mounts delayed their shipment. Plagued with mechanical problems, the A-24s were diverted to the 91st Bombardment Squadron and designated for assignment to Java instead.

Referring to themselves as "Blue Rock Clay Pigeons" (after a brand of trap shooting targets), the 91st BS based at Malang attacked the enemy-held harbor and airbase at Bali and damaged or sank numerous ships around Java during the Dutch East Indies campaign. After the Japanese downed two A-24s and damaged three so badly that they could no longer fly, the 91st received orders to evacuate Java in early March 1942.

The A-24s remaining in Australia were assigned to the 8th Bombardment Squadron of 3d Bombardment Group, to defend New Guinea. On 29 July 1942, seven A-24s attacked a convoy off Buna, but only one survived: the Japanese shot down five of them and damaged the sixth so badly that it did not make it back to base. Regarded by many pilots as too slow, short ranged and poorly armed, the remaining A-24s were relegated to non-combat missions. In the U.S., the A-24s became training aircraft or towed targets for aerial gunnery training. The more powerful A-24B was used later against the Japanese forces in the Gilbert Islands. From December 1943 until March 1944, the 531st Fighter Squadron of the 7th Air Force flew A-24Bs from Makin Island in the Gilbert Islands against Japanese controlled islands in the Marshall Islands. The A-24Bs were then withdrawn from combat.

The A-24B (equivalent to the U.S. Navy SBD-5, with the omission of the arrestor hook) arrived in 1943 with the more powerful 1,200-hp Wright R-1820-60 Cyclone engine, a more powerful engine than either the A-24 or A-24A. As a result, the A-24B could fly slightly faster and higher than the earlier models. The A-24B lacked the small air intake on the top of the engine cowling present on the earlier models and that is an easy way to distinguish the B model. The 407th Bomb Group, assigned to the 11th Air Force, flew A-24Bs against the Japanese held island of Kiska, Alaska, during July and August 1943.

A handful of A-24s survived in the inventory of the USAAF long enough to be taken over by the Air Force (USAF) when that service became independent of the Army in September 1947. The USAF established a new designation system for its aircraft, eliminating the "A-" (for attack) category (through 1962); all of the single-engined "A-" aircraft were given "F-" (for fighter) nomenclature (or were determined to be obsolete and scrapped); thus the few remaining A-24 Banshees became known as F-24 Banshees, soldiering on in a reserve role until 1950 when they were scrapped.

French Air Force and Naval Aviation (Aeronavale)
The first production Dauntless sent into action was the "SBD-3", which was produced for the French Naval Aviation. A total of 174 Dauntlesses were ordered by the French Navy, but with the fall of France in the spring of 1940 that production batch was diverted to the U.S. Navy, which ordered 410 more.

The Free French received about 80 SBD-5s and A-24Bs from the United States in 1944. They were used as trainers and close-support aircraft.
 Free French squadrons received 40 to 50 A-24Bs in Morocco and Algeria during 1943.
 French Naval Aviation (Aeronautique Navale) received 32 in late 1944 for Flotilles 3FB and 4FB (16 SBD-5s for each).

Squadron I/17 Picardie used a few A-24Bs for coastal patrol. The most combat-experienced of the Banshee units was GC 1/18 Vendee, which flew A-24Bs in support of Allied forces in southern France and also experienced how deadly German flak was, losing several aircraft in 1944. This squadron flew from North Africa to recently liberated Toulouse to support Allied and French resistance troops. Later, the unit was assigned to support attacks on cities occupied by the Germans on the French Atlantic coast. In April 1945 each SBD-5 averaged three missions a day in the European theater. In 1946 the French Air Force based its A-24Bs in Morocco as trainers.

French Navy Dauntlesses were based in Cognac at the end of 1944. The French Navy Dauntlesses were the last ones to see combat, during the Indochina War, flying from the carrier Arromanches (the former Royal Navy carrier Colossus). In late 1947 during one operation in the Indochina War, Flotille 4F flew 200 missions and dropped 65 tons of bombs. By 1949, the French Navy removed the Dauntless from combat status although the type was still flown as a trainer through 1953.

Royal New Zealand Air Force
The Royal New Zealand Air Force received 18 SBD-3s and 23 SBD-4s and No. 25 Squadron RNZAF used them in combat over the South Pacific. Under the original plan, four Squadrons (25, 26, 27 and 28) of the RNZAF were going to be equipped with the Dauntless but only 25 Squadron used them. The RNZAF soon replaced them with F4U Corsairs.

Variants

XBT-2 prototype, airframe was a production Northrop BT-1 heavily modified and redesignated as the XBT-2. Further modified by Douglas as the XSBD-1.
SBD-1 Marine Corps version without self-sealing fuel tanks; 57 built.
SBD-1P reconnaissance aircraft, converted from SBD-1s.
SBD-2 Navy version with increased fuel capacity and different armament but without self-sealing fuel tanks, starting in early 1941; 87 built.
SBD-2P reconnaissance aircraft, converted from SBD-2s.
SBD-3 began to be manufactured in early 1941. This provided increased protection, self-sealing fuel tanks, and four machine guns; 584 were built.
SBD-4 provided a 24-volt (up from 12 volt) electrical system; In addition, a new propeller and fuel pumps rounded out the improvements over the SBD-3. 780 built.
SBD-4P reconnaissance aircraft, converted from SBD-4s.
SBD-5 The most produced version, primarily produced at the Douglas Aircraft plant in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Equipped with a 1,200-hp engine and an increased ammunition supply. A total of 2,965 were built, and a few were shipped to the Royal Navy for evaluation. In addition to American service, these saw combat against the Japanese with No. 25 Squadron of the Royal New Zealand Air Force which soon replaced them with F4Us, and against the Luftwaffe with the Free French Air Force. A few were also sent to Mexico.
SBD-5A
as A-24B, for USAAF but delivered to USMC; 60 built.
SBD-6 The final version, providing more improvements, including a  engine, but production ended in the summer of 1944; 450 built.
A-24 Banshee (SBD-3A) USAAF equivalent of the SBD-3 without arrestor hook; 168 built.
A-24A Banshee (SBD-4A) USAAF equivalent of the SBD-4; 170 built.
A-24B Banshee (SBD-5A) USAAF equivalent of the SBD-5; 615 built.

Operators

 Chilean Air Force operated A-24B Banshees.

 French Air Force
 French Navy

 Mexican Air Force

 Moroccan Desert Police

 Royal New Zealand Air Force
 No. 25 Squadron RNZAF

 Royal Air Force received aircraft for evaluation from the nine originally tested by the Fleet Air Arm.
 Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm received nine former United States Navy SBD-5s for evaluation.

 United States Army Air Forces
 339th Bombardment Group (Dive), as operational training unit in 1942-1943
 United States Marine Corps
 United States Navy

Notable accidents

 On 7 December 1943, during a joint U.S. Navy–U.S. Marine simulated close air support exercise near Pauwela, Maui, Territory of Hawaii, the pilot of a U.S. Navy SBD-5, BuNo 36045 of squadron VB-10, initiated a slight right-hand turn and deployed dive brakes in preparation for a bomb run, but his aircraft was struck by a second VB-10 SBD-5, 36099, that did not have dive brakes deployed. Both aircraft crashed, and a bomb knocked loose from 36045 fell in the midst of a group of marines and detonated, killing 20 and seriously injuring 24. Both SBD pilots parachuted to safety, but both SBD gunners died, one after an unsuccessful bailout attempt. The collision was attributed to poor judgment and flying technique by both pilots. Aviation Archaeology Investigation & Research gives the date of this accident as 6 December.

Surviving aircraft
The hyphenated numbers are original U.S. Army Air Forces Serial Numbers (AAF Ser. No.); four or five digit numbers are original U.S. Navy Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) Bureau Numbers (BuNo).

New Zealand
On display
SBD-4
 06853 – Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum in Christchurch.

Solomon Islands

On display
SBD-?
 Unknown – Vilu Military Museum in Guadalcanal.

United States
Airworthy
A-24A
 42-60817 – based at the Erickson Aircraft Collection in Madras, Oregon as an SBD-3.
A-24B
 42-54682 – based at the Lone Star Flight Museum in Houston, Texas as an SBD-5.
SBD-4
 10518 – based at the Yanks Air Museum in Chino, California.
 10694 – based at the National Museum of World War II Aviation in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
SBD-5
 28536 – based at the Planes of Fame in Chino, California.
 54532 – based at the Commemorative Air Force – Airbase Georgia in Peachtree City, Georgia
On display
A-24B
 42-54582 – National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio.
 42-54654 – Pima Air & Space Museum, adjacent to Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Tucson, Arizona.
SBD-2
 02106 – National Naval Aviation Museum at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. Veteran of the Pearl Harbor attack and the Battle of Midway.
 02173 – Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum at Ford Island, Hawaii.
SBD-3

 06508 – National World War II Museum in New Orleans, Louisiana.
 06583 – National Museum of the Marine Corps at Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia.
 06624 – Air Zoo in Kalamazoo, Michigan. It is on loan from National Naval Aviation Museum at Naval Air Station Pensacola.
 06694 –  museum in Corpus Christi, Texas. It is on loan from National Naval Aviation Museum at Naval Air Station Pensacola.
SBD-4
 06833 – National Naval Aviation Museum at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida in its recovered condition in a simulated underwater exhibit.
 06900 – San Diego Aerospace Museum in San Diego, California. It is on loan from the National Naval Aviation Museum at Naval Air Station Pensacola.
 10575 – Battle of Midway Memorial at Midway Airport in Chicago, Illinois.
SBD-5
 36173 –  at the Patriot's Point Naval and Maritime Museum in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina.
 36176 – Palm Springs Air Museum in Palm Springs, California.
 36291 - Valiant Air Command Warbird Museum in Titusville, Florida. It is on loan from the National Naval Aviation Museum at Naval Air Station Pensacola.
 36711 - American Heritage Museum in Hudson, Massachusetts. Long term loan from the National Naval Aviation Museum at Naval Air Station Pensacola. Formerly on display at Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum at Ford Island, Hawaii.
SBD-6
 54605 – National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.
 54654 – USS Midway Museum in San Diego, California.
Under restoration or in storage
SBD-1
 1612 – for display at the Air Zoo in Portage, Michigan.
SBD-4
 10508 – for display at the Castle Air Museum at the former Castle Air Force Base in Atwater, California.
SBD-5
 36175 – to flightworthiness at the Military Aviation Museum in Virginia Beach, Virginia.

Specifications (SBD-5)

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 Bowers, Peter M. United States Navy Aircraft since 1911. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1990. .
 Brazelton, David. The Douglas SBD Dauntless, Aircraft in Profile 196. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1967. No ISBN.
 Brown, Eric, CBE, DCS, AFC, RN, William Green and Gordon Swanborough. "Douglas Dauntless". Wings of the Navy, Flying Allied Carrier Aircraft of World War Two. London: Jane's Publishing Company, 1980, pp. 52–60. .
 Buell, Harold L. Dauntless Helldivers: A Dive Bomber Pilot's Epic Story of the Carrier Battles. New York: Crown, 1991. .
 Dann, Richard, S. SBD Dauntless Walk Around, Walk Around Number 33. Carrollton, Texas, USA: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 2004. .
 Drendel, Lou. U.S. Navy Carrier Bombers of World War II. Carrollton, Texas, USA: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1987. .
 Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920. London: Putnam, 1979. .
 Gunston, Bill. The Illustrated History of McDonnell Douglas Aircraft: From Cloudster to Boeing. London: Osprey Publishing, 1999. .
 Hernandez, Daniel V. with Lt. CDR Richard H. Best, USN Ret. SBD-3 Dauntless and the Battle of Midway. Valencia, Spain: Aeronaval Publishing, 2004. .
 Howard, John Jr. A Marine Dive-Bomber Pilot at Guadalcanal. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA: University of Alabama Press, 1987. .
 Janowicz, Krzysztof and Andre R. Zbiegniewski. Douglas SBD Dauntless (Bilingual Polish/English). Lublin, Poland: Kagero, 2007.
 Jenks, Cliff F.L. with Malcolm Laird and Phil Listemann. Allied Wings No.5: The Dauntless in RNZAF Service. France: www.raf-in-combat.com, 2008. .
 Kinzey, Bert. SBD Dauntless in Detail & Scale, D&S Vol.48. Carrollton, Texas, USA: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1996. .
 Mondey, David, The Concise Guide to American Aircraft of World War II. London: Chancellor, 1996. .

 Pęczkowski, Robert. Douglas SBD Dauntless. Sandomierz, Poland/Redbourn, UK: Mushroom Model Publications, 2007. .
 Potter, E. B. Admiral Arliegh Burke. Annapolis, Maryland: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 2005. .
 Smith, Peter C. Douglas SBD Dauntless. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press Ltd., 1997. .
 Smith, Peter C. The History of Dive-Bombing. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Aviation, 2007. .
 Stern, Robert. SBD Dauntless in Action, Aircraft Number 64. Carrollton, Texas, USA: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1984. .
 Tillman, Barrett. The Dauntless Dive Bomber of World War II. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1976 (softcover 2006). .
 Tillman, Barrett. SBD Dauntless Units of World War 2. Botley, Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1998. .
 Tillman, Barrett and Robert L. Lawson. U.S. Navy Dive and Torpedo Bombers of World War II. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA: Motor Books Publishing, 2001. .
 White, Alexander S. Dauntless Marine: Joseph Sailer Jr., Dive-Bombing Ace of Guadalcanal. Santa Rosa, California, USA: Pacifica Press, 1997. .
 Wildenberg, Thomas. Destined for Glory: Dive Bombing, Midway, and the Evolution of Carrier Airpower. Annapolis, Maryland: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1998. .
 Wheeler, Barry C. The Hamlyn Guide to Military Aircraft Markings. London: Chancellor Press, 1992. .
 Yenne, Bill. McDonnell Douglas: A Tale of Two Giants. New York: Crescent Books, 1985. .

External links

 Warbird Alley: SBD
 The SBD Shipborne Dive Bomber
 Aero-Web.org: SBD-5 Dauntless
 Boeing history of SBD Dauntless Divebomber
 Douglas SBD Dauntless onboard the USS Yorktown (CV-10) at Patriot's Point Naval & Maritime Museum near Charleston, SC
  "Diving Artillery" , April 1942, Popular Science article on the first U.S. Army A-24 unit, with rare photos of the A-24
 SBD-2 Dauntless BuNo 2106 Cockpit Panorama, National Naval Aviation Museum, NAS Pensacola, FL

SB1D Dauntless
1930s United States attack aircraft
1940s United States bomber aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
World War II dive bombers of the United States
Douglas
Aircraft first flown in 1940

Douglas SBD Dauntless


Secrets On Parade er Tim Christensens debutalbum som solokunstner, der der udkom i 2000. Albummet modtog fire ud af seks stjerner i musikmagasinet GAFFA.

Spor
 "Secrets On Parade" - 4:40
 "Get The Fuck Out Of My Mind" - 4:23
 "Time Is The Space Between Us" - 4:40
 "Love Is A Matter Of..." - 2:55
 "Watery Eyes" - 3:07
 "Falling To Pieces" - 4:55
 "Let's Face It" - 3:18
 "Prime Time" - 4:20
 "Stranger" - 4:30
 "21st Century High" - 5:20
 "Caterpillar" - 8:16
 "King's Garden" - 3:59

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Secrets on Parade på Discogs

Debutalbum fra 2008
Tim Christensen-album
Debutalbum fra Danmark

Secrets on Parade


Frederiksberg d. 8.9.1996 er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1996, der er instrueret af Steen Møller Rasmussen.

Handling
Filmen er en samtale mellem kunstneren Peter Land og den afasiramte Niels Olaf Gudme. Ikke blot har de to svært ved at kommunikere, også apparaturet har knas i maskineriet. Råfilmen er forældet og båndoptageren har fået hikke.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1996

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Frederiksberg d. 8.9.1996


Kosmos 2279, ruski navigacijski i komunikacijski satelit iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je Celina-2.
Lansiran je 26. travnja 1994. godine u 02:14 s kozmodroma Pljesecka u Rusiji. Lansiran je u nisku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Kosmos-3M 11K65M. Orbita mu je 956 km u perigeju i 1006 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je 82,95°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 23092. COSPARova oznaka je 1994-024-A. Zemlju obilazi u 104,72 minuta. Pri lansiranju bio je mase 825 kg.

Izvori
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2279


The Okavango River (formerly spelled Okovango or Okovanggo), also known as the Cubango River, is a river in southwest Africa. It is the fourth-longest river system in southern Africa, running southeastward for . It begins at an elevation of   in the sandy highlands of Angola. Farther south, it forms part of the border between Angola and Namibia, and then flows into Botswana. The Okavango does not have an outlet to the sea. Instead, it discharges into the Okavango Delta or Okavango Alluvial Fan, in an endorheic basin in the Kalahari Desert.

Flow

In Angola, the upper reaches of the Cuito (a tributary river to the Okavango) suffers clogging due to controlled burns of the vegetation, reducing water flow downstream as the accumulated water instead flows into the sand.

Before it enters Botswana, the river drops 4 m in a series of rapids known as Popa Falls, visible when the river is low, as during the dry season.

In the rainy season, an outflow to the Boteti River in turn seasonally discharges to the Makgadikgadi Pans, which features an expansive area of rainy-season wetland where tens of thousands of flamingos congregate each summer. Part of the river's flow fills Lake Ngami. Noted for its wildlife, the Okavango area contains Botswana's Moremi Game Reserve.

Flood

Every wet season, Angola receives three times more rainfall than Botswana, discharging a higher than usual flow into the Okavango, turning swathes of outlying desert into a huge wetland.

Although the summer rains fall in Angola in January, they take a whole month to travel the first 1,000 km of the Okavango River, and then they take a further four months to filter through the plants and numerous channels of the final 250 km of the delta. As a result, the flood is at its biggest sometime between June and August, during Botswana's dry winter months. The delta then swells to three times its permanent size, attracting animals from kilometres around and creating one of Africa's greatest concentrations of wildlife.

At its widest point in a big flood year, the seasonal swamp stretches to 150 km across from east to west; one of the factors that leads to the ever-changing nature of the delta is the flatness of the area. If one were to take a cross section of the delta at its widest point, one would find that the height variation from the mean over that 150 km is less than 2 m, which means that a minor sand deposition can cause major changes.

In very wet years, a part of the river's flow may extend along the Magweggana River (actually a northeastern distributary of the Okavango Delta) and enter the Zambezi River, bypassing the Kalahari.

Sediment transport
The river carries annually  28,000 tonnes of suspended sediment and a similar amount of bedload to the terminal swamps. Most of the particulate sediment carried by the river is fine sand, with some silt and mud, thanks to the geological makeup of the Okavango River catchment which is largely underlain by Kalahari sand. There is low concentration of  dissolved solids in the river water - around 40 mg/L, made up mostly of silica, calcium and magnesium bicarbonates - but these dissolved solids form the largest component of sediment carried into the delta because the annual water volume is so large.

History
During colder periods in Earth's history, a part of the Kalahari was a massive lake, known as Lake Makgadikgadi. In this time, the Okavango would have been one of its largest tributaries.

Water conflict
Both Namibia and Botswana experience drought, and as a result, concerns have been expressed about possible conflict over use of the river's water. Namibia has built a water canal, measuring about 300 km long, and has proposed a project to build a 250 km pipeline to divert water from the river into Namibia to help relieve the drought.

Botswana, however, uses the Okavango Delta for both tourism income and a water source. The Department of Water Affairs in Botswana has submitted that 97% of the water in the river is lost through evaporation, so the country cannot afford to lose any extra water.

Namibia, in turn, has argued that it will only divert half of one percent of the river's flow, and that it is entitled to any water that flows through its territory. To deal with such issues, in September 1994, Angola, Namibia, and Botswana signed an agreement to form the Permanent Okavango River Basin Water Commission, to provide advice to the three countries about the best ways to share the Okavango River's resources.

References

External links

 OKACOM Homepage

Rivers of Angola
Rivers of Namibia
Rivers of Botswana
International rivers of Africa
Kalahari Desert
Angola–Namibia border
Water conflicts
Border rivers

Okavango River