ලන්දේසි බසින් සම්භවය ලද ඇති සිංහල වචනවල ආරම්භය වූයේ ක්‍රි.ව. 1658 හා ක්‍රි.ව. 1798 අතර පැවති ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ලන්දේසි යුගයයි. මෙම කලෙයේදී සිංහල ජනයා ලන්දේසි පාලකයන් සමඟ කටයුතු කිරීමෙන් මෙම වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට උකහාගැනීම සිදුවී ඇත. මෙය වෙරළබඩ පෙදෙස්හි වඩාත් දක්නට ලැබින. A wide variety of words were adopted from administrative terms to military terms, which reveals several points of contact between the two groups.

එක්වූ වචන වර්ග

මෙම වචන එදිනෙදා ජීවිතය, පරිපාලනය, ආහාර සහ යුධමය ක්ෂේත්‍ර වල වැඩි වශයෙන් භාවිත වේ. මෙයට හේතුව ලන්දේසි ජාතිකයන් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට ගෙන ආ නව භාණ්ඩ හා නිපැයුම් වේ.

වචන එක් වීමේ ක්‍රියාවලිය

ලන්දේසි බසින් සිංහලට බසට වචන එක් වීමේදී මුල් ලන්දේසි වචනය එලෙසින්ම භාවිත වන්නේ කලාතුරකිනි. සාමාන්‍යයෙන් මෙම වචන සිංහල භාෂාවේ ශබ්ද විද්‍යාත්මක හෝ රූප විද්‍යාත්මක (phonological & morphological) පද්ධතීනට ගැලපෙන පරිදි වෙනස් වීම් වලට ලක්ව ඇත.
(e.g. balk becomes bālkaya because Sinhala inanimate nouns (see grammatical gender) need to end with /a/, , in order to be declineable).

These are the main ways Dutch words are incorporated into the Sinhala lexicon with different endings:
With an /aya/ or /uva/ added to Dutch words ending in consonants (e.g. raam > rāmuva).
With a /ya/ added to words ending in /a/ or /e/ or /i/ (e.g. bakje > bakkiya).
With the animate ending /yā/ added to Dutch words signifying living beings or (e.g. tolk > tōlkayā).
Initiak /s/ preceeding a consonant usually forms an additional syllable (e.g school > iskōlaya).

Nouns and Adjectives
මෙය ලන්දේසි සම්භවයක් ඇති සිංහල වචන ලැයිස්තුවකි.

Note: For information on the transcription used, see National Library at Calcutta romanization. An exception from the standard is the romanization of Sinhala long "ä" () as "ää".

ක්‍රියා පද

ආශ්‍රිත
 ඉල්ලාගත් වචන
 සිංහල භාෂාව

Sinhala
සිංහල භාෂාව
Words
Sinhala
ලන්දේසි බස

ලන්දේසි බසින් සිංහලට බසට එක්වූ වචන


Agrilus inachus é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Obenberger, em 1935.

Referências

inachus

Agrilus inachus


Creeping Death (engl. für: "Schleichender Tod") ist ein Lied der US-amerikanischen Metal-Band Metallica. Es ist der siebte Song auf ihrem zweiten Studioalbum Ride the Lightning aus dem Jahre 1984 und wurde im gleichen Jahr als 12"-Single veröffentlicht.

Entstehung
Die Inspiration für dieses Lied holte sich die Band, als die Musiker gemeinsam den Spielfilm Die zehn Gebote aus dem Jahre 1956 sahen. Während einer Szene sagte der Bassist Cliff Burton "Wow, it's like creeping death"! ("Wow, das ist wie der schleichende Tod!"). Den Musikern gefielen die Worte "Creeping Death", so dass sie ein Lied mit diesen Worten als Titel schrieben.

Ursprünglich wurde der Mittelteil des Songs ("Die, by my Hand I creep across the land...") von Kirk Hammetts ehemaliger Band Exodus geschrieben und hatte den Titel Die by His Hands. Es wurde auf einem Demo aufgenommen, aber nicht auf einem Album von Exodus verwendet. Metallicas Version wurde in den Sweet Silence Studios in der dänischen Hauptstadt Kopenhagen aufgenommen.

Inhalt
Das Lied handelt von den Zehn Plagen, die laut dem Zweiten Buch Mose im 13. Jahrhundert v. Chr. das Land Ägypten heimsuchten. Der Titel des Songs bezeichnet die zehnte Plage, in der der Tod jedes erstgeborenen Sohnes angeordnet wird. Im Text des Liedes werden die erste und die neunte Plage explizit erwähnt. Die erste Plage verwandelte das Wasser des Nil in Blut . Die neunte Plage brachte drei Tage Dunkelheit .

Rezeption
Stefan Lang vom Onlinemagazin Powermetal.de bezeichnete Creeping Death als einen der Metallica-Songs überhaupt und lobte den Text, da es nicht viele Bands gebe, die Geschichten aus der Bibel so gut klingen lassen. Die Zeitschrift Guitar World wählte Creeping Death zum besten Song von Metallica.

Musikvideos
Es existiert ein nicht offizielles Musikvideo des Liedes auf YouTube, in dem zu den Passagen des im Hintergrund laufenden Liedes passende Szenen aus dem Film Die zehn Gebote von Cecil B. de Milles gezeigt werden. Es wurde von dem YouTuber "Savagemister" hochgeladen, und heißt schlicht "Creeping Death".

Es existieren ansonsten noch mehrere andere Videos davon auf YouTube, die teils sehr gewalttätig sind.

Live-Darbietungen
Creeping Death ist eines von sieben Liedern, die Metallica bei nachweislich mehr als 1000 Konzerten gespielt haben. Lediglich der Song Master of Puppets wurde häufiger als Creeping Death gespielt. Bei drei Konzerten im Juli 2000 wurde wegen einer Verletzung des Sängers James Hetfield der Gesang vom Bassisten Jason Newsted übernommen. Die Rhythmusgitarre wurde von Kenny Tudrick von der Liveband des Sängers Kid Rock übernommen. Am 6. Juni 2004 sprang Joey Jordison von der Band Slipknot für den erkrankten Schlagzeuger Lars Ulrich ein.

Coverversionen
 1996: Apocalyptica
 2004: Dark Angel
 2007: Bullet for My Valentine
 2012: Donots
 2015: Stone Sour

Einzelnachweise

Lied 1984
Thrash-Metal-Song
Metallica-Lied
Lied von Kirk Hammett
Lied von James Hetfield
Lied von Lars Ulrich

Creeping Death


NFC sjever je jedna od četiri divizije NFC konferencije u nacionalnoj ligi američkog nogometa NFL. Članovi divizije su Chicago Bearsi, Detroit Lionsi, Green Bay Packersi i Minnesota Vikingsi. Divizija postoji u trenutnom obliku od sezone 2002., kada je nakon ulaska u ligu Houston Texansa ukupan broj momčadi porastao na 32, koje su tada raspodijeljene na ukupno osam divizija po četiri momčadi, po četiri divizije u svakoj konferenciji.

Sjedišta momčadi divizije NFC sjever su Lake Forest, Illinois (Chicago Bears), Allen Park, Michigan (Detroit Lions), Green Bay, Wisconsin (Green Bay Packers) i Eagan, Minnesota (Minnesota Vikings).

Pobjednici divizije NFC sjever od 2002. do 2020. godine

Izvori

National Football League

NFC sjever


Robin Eubanks (25 de octubre de 1955; Filadelfia, Pensilvania) es un trombonista de jazz estadounidense, hermano del guitarrista Kevin Eubanks y del trompetista Duane Eubanks, y sobrino del pianista Ray Bryant.

Trayectoria
Robin apareció en la escena del jazz en 1980, tocando con Slide Hampton, Sun Ra, y Stevie Wonder.  Robin estuvo también una temporada en los Jazz Messengers de Art Blakey y colaboró frecuentemente, tanto en directo como en grabaciones, con el baterista y compositor, Bobby Previte. Fue uno de los componentes del grupo organizado por Steve Turre para su disco de 2003, One4J: Paying Homage to J.J. Johnson.  Eubanks ha editado además, varios discos como líder de sus propias formaciones. fue uno de los pioneros del movimiento M-Base, junto a Steve Coleman y Greg Osby, entre otros.

Usualmente, Robin toca en el grupo del contrabajista Dave Holland, y en su big band. Es además profesor en la New York University, y comparte docencia con John Scofield y Chris Potter.  Robin es también miembro del grupo SFJAZZ Collective, un colectivo en el que tocan músicos como Eric Harland, Joe Lovano, Dave Douglas, Miguel Zenón, Stefon Harris, Renee Rosnes, o Matt Penman.

Eubanks ha aparecido en un gran número de programas televisivos, con frecuencia junto a su hermano Kevin. En los últimos años ha ocupado los primeros puestos de los polls anuales de la revista Down Beat. Se le considera además uno de los primeros impulsores de la aplicación de la electrónica al trombón.

Discografía

Como líder
Wake Up Call (Sirocco Jazz, 1997)
Karma (JMT, 1990)
Dedication (con Steve Turre) (JMT, 1989)
Different Perspectives (JMT, 1988)
EB3 Live Vol. 1 CD/DVD (RKM, 2007)

En grupo
Mental Images: Get 2 It (REM, 2001)
Mental Images: Mental Images (JMT Records, 1994)
Robin Eubanks Sextet: 4:JJ/Slide/Curtis and Al (TCB, 1998)

Referencias

Este artículo está tomado, en su versión inicial, de Wikipedia en inglés.

Enlaces externos

Robin Eubanks' blog and music collection on MOG.com
Allaboutjazz

Trombonistas de jazz de Estados Unidos
Músicos de jazz moderno
Profesores del Oberlin College
Nacidos en Filadelfia

Robin Eubanks


Baruh Djaki Karyo (d. 4 Ekim 1953, İstanbul) ya da bilinen adıyla Tchéky Karyo,Yahudi asıllı Fransız oyuncu ve müzisyen.

Tchéky Karyo, Sefarad kökenli bir ailede, 1953 yılında İstanbul'da doğdu. Babası Türkiye Yahudisi, annesi ise Selanik Yahudisiydi. Ailesi daha sonra Fransa'ya göç etti. Karyo, çocukken gittiği Paris'te oyunculuğa merak sardı. İlk gözdesi tiyatroydu, Cyrano Tiyatrosu'nda başladığı kariyerini, Companie Daniel Sorano'da devam ettirdi. Daha sonra da sayılı tiyatrolardan biri olan Strazburg'daki Strazburg Ulusal Tiyatrosu'na girdi. ''Othello'', ''Macbeth'', ''Tartuffe'' gibi klasiklerin yanı sıra çağdaş tiyatroyla da ilgilendi.

Bu arada sinemaya da merak saldı. Fransız sinemasında bir anda yıldızı parlayan Karyo, 1982 yılında Fransa'nın Oscar'ı olarak bilinen César ödülüne aday gösterildiyse de ödülü kazanamadı. Karyo'ya beklediği ödül 1986'da geldi. Fransa'nın en prestijli ödüllerinden Jean Gabin Ödülü'nü kazanan sanatçı, bu yıllarda dünya sinemasına açıldı. 1995'te Pierce Brosnan'la birlikte ''Goldeneye''da oynadı. Sonra Meg Ryan ve Matthew Broderick ile oynadığı ''Addicted To Love'' ve Milla Jovovich ile Fransız ulusal kahramanı azize Jean d'Arc'ı konu alan ''Jeanne d'Arc The Messenger''da kamera karşısına geçti.

Tchéky Karyo, Vatansever filmi ile adından söz ettirdi. Mel Gibson'ın ''Cesur Yürek''ten sonraki ikinci dev filmi olan ''Patriot''ta Fransız bir subayı canlandıran Karyo, uluslararası bir üne ve başarıya kavuştu. Oyuncu Isabelle Pasco'yla evliydi.

Filmler
 Jacquou le croquant (2006)
 Un long dimanche de fiançailles (2004)
 Ne quittez pas! (2004)
 Tempesta (2004)
 Taking Lives (2004)
 Blueberry (2004)
 The Core (2003)
 Utopía (2003)
 Cinemagique (2002)
 The Good Thief (2002)
 Kiss of the Dragon (2001)
 Le Fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain (2001) - uncredited, man on photo in Nino's photo album
 Le Roi danse (2000)
 Patriot (2000)
 Saving Grace (2000)
 Arabian Nights (2000)
 The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc (1999)
 My Life So Far (1999)
 Comme un poisson hors de l'eau (1999)
 Babel (1999)
 Wing Commander (1999)
 Que la lumière soit (1998)
 Passaggio per il paradiso (1998)
 From the Earth to the Moon (1998) - HBO miniseries
 Les Mille merveilles de l'univers (1997)
 Dobermann (1997)
 Addicted to Love (1997)
 Habitat (1997)
 Va' dove ti porta il cuore (1996)
 To Have and to Hold (1996)
 Albergo Roma (1996)
 Terra Estrangeira (1996)
 Colpo di luna (1995)
 GoldenEye (1995)
 Crying Freeman (1995)
 Operation Dumbo Drop (1995)
 Bad Boys (1995)
 Zadoc et le bonheur (1995)
 Innocent Obsession (1994)
 L'Ange noir (1994)
 Nostradamus (1994)
 La Cité de la peur: une comédie familiale (1994)
 Trop près des Dieux (1992)
 L'Atlantide (1992)
 Isabelle Eberhardt (1992)
 1492: Conquest of Paradise (1992)
 La Villa del venerdì (1992)
 L'Affût (1992)
 A Grande Arte (1991)
 Vincent et moi (1991)
 La Fille des collines (1990)
 Nikita (1990)
 Corps perdus (1990)
 Australia (1989)
 La Maison dans la dune (1988)
 L'Ours (1988)
 Spirale (1987)
 Le Moine et la sorcière (1987)
 États d'âme (1986)
 Bleu comme l'enfer (1986)
 L'Unique (1986)
 Contes clandestins (1985)
 Grottenolm (1985)
 L'Amour braque (1985)
 L'Air du crime (1984)
 Le Matelot 512 (1984)
 Les Nuits de la pleine lune (1984)
 La Java des ombres (1983)
 Le Marginal (1983)
 La Balance (1982)
 Que les gros salaires lèvent le doigt!!! (1982)
 Toute une nuit (1982)
 Le Retour de Martin Guerre (1982)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Yaşayan insanlar
1953 doğumlular
İstanbul doğumlu erkek oyuncular
Yunanistan Yahudisi asıllı Türkler
Fransa'daki Türk göçmenler
Fransız erkek sinema oyuncuları
Türkiye Yahudisi asıllı Fransızlar
Yunanistan Yahudisi asıllı Fransızlar
Fransa vatandaşlığına kabul edilenler

Tchéky Karyo


Stine Fischer Christensen (née en 1985) est une actrice danoise. Elle a joué dans plus d'une quinzaine de films depuis 1997. Elle a remporté le prix Bodil et Robert de la meilleure actrice dans un second rôle pour son interprétation d'Anna Louisa Hansson dans After the Wedding.

Filmographie

Cinéma
 2006 : After the Wedding : Anna Louisa Hansson
 2007 : : Angélique
 2011 : : Joséphone Lorenz
 2017 : Darkland : Stine
 2020 : : Frigg
 2021 : La Dernière Nuit de Lise Broholm de Tea Lindeburg : tante Karen

Télévision
 2005 :  : Sophie

Distinctions
 Bodil de la meilleure actrice dans un second rôle (2006)
 Robert de la meilleure actrice dans un second rôle (2007)

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en février 1985
Naissance à Copenhague
Actrice danoise de cinéma

Stine Fischer Christensen


Undeva unde doar noi știm (în ) este o dramă romantică chinezească din 2015 film regizat de Xu Jinglei. Filmările au avut loc în Praga, Republica Cehă. Filmul a fost lansat pe 10 februarie,2015.

Rezumat

Jin Tian (Wang Likun) este o femeie tânără, care recent a fost părăsită de logodnicul ei și și-a pierdut bunica, Chen Lanxin (Xu Jinglei). Simțindu-și inima frântă, ea se înscrie într-un curs de limbă în străinătate și călătorește la Praga pentru o schimbare de ritm, orașul în care bunica ei, și-a petrecut câțiva ani din viață. În lucrurile bunicii ei, ea găsește o scrisoare din 1970, scrisă de Josef Novak, iubitul din trecut al bunicii.

În Praga, Jin Tian îl întâlnește pe Peng Zeyang (Kris Wu), un tânăr tată singur, care locuiește cu fiica și mama bipolară. Cei doi dezvolta o atracție reciprocă în timpul călătoriei lor în căutarea pentru Josef Novak.

Distribuție
 Kris Wu ca Peng Zeyang
 Wang Likun ca Jin Tian
 Xu Jinglei ca Chen Lanxin
 Gordon Alexander ca Josef Novak
 Cong Shan ca Zeyang Mama lui
 Sophia Cai Shuya ca Ni Ni, Zeyang fiica lui
 Juck ca Zhang Luo Ji
 Re Yizha ca Shanshan

Producție
Filmările au început în iunie 2014, în Praga și s-a încheiat în August 2014.

Box office
În China continentală, filmul a avut incasari de$37.81 milioane de euro în primele șase zile a debutat pe Locul 1 la box-office.

Referințe

Filme din 2015
Filme chinezești
Filme realizate în Republica Cehă

Undeva unde doar noi știm


Sagar Cantonment es una localidad de la India en el distrito de Sagar, estado de Madhya Pradesh.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 517  a 181 km de la capital estatal, Bhopal, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 28 889 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Madhya Pradesh

Sagar Cantonment


Nikolaus Alois Maria Vinzenz Negrelli, Ritter von Moldelbe (born Luigi Negrelli; 23 January 1799 – 1 October 1858) was a Tyrolean civil engineer and railroad pioneer mostly active in parts of the Austrian Empire, Switzerland, Germany and Italy.

Biography
Alois Negrelli was born Luigi Negrelli as the seventh of ten children to an Italian-speaking father and a German-speaking mother in Fiera di Primiero (German ) in the Dolomites. The village is situated in the Trentino (), once the south of the County of Tyrol (then with the Austrian Empire, today in northern Italy). Being in part of Welschtyrolean heritage (Romance-speaking southern Tyroleans), the father and one of his older sisters actively supported the Tyrolean Rebellion of 1809, led by Andreas Hofer against the occupation of their homeland by French and Bavarian troops. Alois's father was held prisoner for years, finally returning home in 1814. The family, having lost a substantial part of their wealth, struggled at first to enable good education and safe livelihood for Alois and his siblings. This toil was facilitated by governmental authorities in recognition of their commitment. Alois Negrelli received an Austrian scholarship and went to secondary school in Feltre in 1812, together with his brothers. He later studied in Padua and Innsbruck in 1817, the capital of the Crownland of Tyrol.

Civil engineering
After beginning his career in 1818 as assistant to the Department of Construction in Innsbruck, Austria, he also worked in Vorarlberg from 1825 onwards residing in Bregenz. Negrelli constructed the Gschwendtobel-Brücke in Lingenau, a covered wooden bridge still in existence, and earned a reputation for taking part in the channelisation of the Alpenrhein and of the various Austrian and Swiss interests connected therewith. He moved to Switzerland in 1832 and took part in the erection of various constructions in the Canton of St. Gallen. In 1835, Negrelli was called to Zürich, where he continued with similar activity, notably working on the Münsterbrücke (Munster Bridge) crossing the Limmat together with Ferdinand Stadler, who was responsible for the carpentry. Stone bridges were still built over a wooden timber frame at this time. He also created the new Kornhaus (granary) in 1839 which later became the first Tonhalle (concert hall) of Zürich. In 1895 it was replaced by a newly constructed second building for this purpose.

Railway construction
Beginning in 1836 Negrelli started planning a first railway line in this country. The Swiss Northern Railway was built years later in 1846 from Zürich to Baden, Switzerland, under his supervision. At around this time he was also appointed to different governmental commissions, working for other cantons. During a journey to England, France and Belgium he, like many other engineers, studied recent advances in railway construction and subsequently published his ideas of adapting this technology to mountainous regions in papers, receiving wide attention in the industry. In 1837 he advocated the creation of the railway Innsbruck–Kufstein in Tyrol and made preliminary plans for it, upon which the project was later based.

Negrelli returned to working in Austria in 1840. He was chosen as inspector general for the private Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway, and the Northern State Railway in 1842. He was responsible for the construction of the railway lines from Vienna via Prague to the German border in direction of Dresden, and via Ostrava to the Polish border in direction of Kraków. Negrelli prepared the railway to the then Austrian Lviv and the extension to the Russian border further east. He led the construction of the Negrelli Viaduct between 1846 and 1849, a railway bridge crossing the Vltava (Moldau) river in Prague, with 1,110 m the longest bridge of its kind in Europe until 1910 Negrelli's authority in railway matters was of particular relevance in the process of decisions to have the mountainous Semmering railway built by a fellow engineer, Carl von Ghega, in 1848 and his advice was requested for projects by various other states like the Kingdom of Württemberg and the Kingdom of Saxony in Germany. In 1849, Negrelli was to travel to the then Austrian Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia with the task to oversee work on public buildings, railways and telegraph lines, and heading a commission regulating traffic on the river Po. In 1850 he was awarded for his services and received a title of nobility with the designation Ritter von Moldelbe, chosen by himself in memory of his times working on the rivers Vltava/Moldau and Elbe. After arriving back in Vienna in 1855, Negrelli was appointed inspector general of the newly founded Imperial Royal Privileged Austrian State Railway Company until 1857. It would later become the Staats-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (State Railway Company), one of the biggest railway enterprises of the Austrian Empire.

Channelisation projects in Egypt
Negrelli, like many other engineers of his time, had thought about possibilities to build an artificial waterway to connect the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea from 1836 onwards. In 1846 he had been invited by Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin to the Société d'Études du Canal de Suez and took part in the exploration tour to the isthmus of Suez in 1847. Because of the outbreak of revolutions of 1848 and the following years, and other circumstances the  had to cease activities, Negrelli himself being sent to Lombardy–Venetia at that time.

In 1855 Negrelli was invited by Ferdinand de Lesseps to participate again, now in the International Commission for the piercing of the isthmus of Suez (). Consisting of thirteen experts from seven countries who were to examine the plans made by Linant de Bellefonds it had to advise on the feasibility of and on the best route for a canal project. Negrelli formed part of the surveying group travelling to Egypt in late 1855 and early 1856. In the final deliberations of the commission in Paris at the end of June 1856, his principal ideas of a canal without locks and a northern entry further to the west prevailed. A comprehensive final report was produced, including plans and profiles, according to which the Suez Canal was later to be built by the Suez Canal Company, established in late 1858 by Lesseps.

The Suez Canal project, as the first of its kind in modern times, caused headlines. Since the  had presented their report in 1856 critics were agitating against it to a great degree, among them Robert Stephenson, son of railway pioneer George Stephenson. Negrelli and others declared active support. The quarrel between defenders and repudiators went on for a time, this exchange was followed by publications throughout Europe, especially in France, Austria and the United Kingdom. Negrelli was prevented from travelling to Egypt another time and meeting with Lesseps, who went to London, in June 1858. Feeling unwell, he used his leave from work to stay in a health resort for recovery. On the way back, Negrelli was able to attend a congress on railway development held in Trieste before he arrived at home in Vienna. Already seriously ill by September, he managed to write one last reply on the comments of Stephenson. Negrelli's response was published in the Oesterreichische Zeitung (Austrian Gazette) on 26 September 1858.

Alois Negrelli von Moldelbe died in the morning hours of 1 October 1858 at age 59, probably from food poisoning causing bacterial infection. His death occurred only weeks shy of witnessing the establishment of the Suez Canal Company, and just half a year before the works on the canal project were to officially begin.

In his book Transportation and Communication of Egypt, Negrelli wrote in 1856 about the Suez Canal:
The connection of the two seas by a maritime canal, shortening the route between Europe and the rich countries of the Old World located at the Indian Ocean, not only for the development of global trade but also for the increase of cabotage (domestical shipping) for Egypt, related to the prosperity of inbound welfare to this country so blessed, is an undeniable necessity.

Selected works
Gutachten über den Bau einer obenfahrbarn Brücke über die Limmat in Zürich, eines neuen Kornhauses und Hafens, 1834 (German)
Ausflug nach Frankreich, England und Belgien zur Beobachtung der dortigen Eisenbahnen, mit einem Anhange über Anwendung von Eisenbahnen in Gebirgsländern, L. Negrelli, Oberingenieur der Kaufmannschaft in Zürich, Frauenfeld 1838 (German); digitised at Austrian Literature Online
Die Eisenbahnen mit Anwendung der gewöhnlichen Dampfwägen als bewegende Kraft über Anhöhen und Wasserscheiden sind ausführbar. Ein auf Erfahrungen begründeter und praktisch dargestellter Vorschlag. Beck'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Vienna 1842 (German); digitised at Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Digital Library
Über Gebirgseisenbahnen ("About Railways in mountainous Areas"), Vienna 1842 (German)
Die Münsterbrücke in Zürich, Vienna 1844 (German)
Die gegenwärtigen Transport- und Kommunikationsmittel Egyptens, mit Beziehung auf die beantragte Durchstechung der Landenge von Suez ("Means of Transportation and Communication of Egypt"), Alois Negrelli von Moldelbe, Vienna 1856 (German)

References

External links

 Alois Negrelli information at Architekturzentrum Wien

1799 births
1858 deaths
People from Trentino
Engineers from Austria-Hungary
Suez Canal
Italian civil engineers

Alois Negrelli


Rodnikov  es un jútor del raión de Gulkévichi del krai de Krasnodar, en el sur de Rusia. Está situado en la orilla izquierda del río Zelenchuk Treti, 25 km al suroeste de Gulkévichi y 116 km al este de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 9 habitantes en 2010.

Pertenece al municipio Skobelevskoye.

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
 Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Родников.
 Mapa topográfico en maps.vlasenko.net

Localidades del raión de Gulkévichi del krai de Krasnodar

Rodnikov


Thomas Patrick Keating (1917–1984) was an English artist, art restorer and art forger. Considered the most prolific and versatile art forger of the 20th century, he claimed to have faked more than two thousand paintings by over a hundred and fifty different artists. Total estimated profits from his forgeries amount in today's value to more than (US) ten million dollars.

Unlike most art forgers, his aim was not material gain, but rather a crusade against art dealers he believed were only interested in fine art as a commodity, for which an impressive provenance, often dubious or wholly invented, always trumped the masterful artistry and intrinsic beauty of any particular drawing or painting.

He began flooding the London art market in the early 1950s with hundreds of consistently convincing fakes, often by giving them to friends and acquaintances, with tacit expectation that many would soon end up in a posh Bond Street auction house, or gallery.

He escalated his crusade in the late 1960s and early 1970s by directing his business partner and lover, Jane Kelly, to sell several fakes of then little known romanticist, Samuel Palmer. As a result of these sales, both Keating and Kelly ended up on trial, in 1979, at the top criminal court in Britain, charged with art fraud. Kelly pleaded guilty and received an eighteen month sentence, suspended for two years. After two days giving evidence, Keating ended up in hospital for a motorbike injury. He returned for a third day in court, during which he collapsed in the witness box, and was taken back to hospital. He was released without charge two weeks later due to failing health.

In 1982, he starred in an award-winning Channel 4 television series in which he instructed viewers in the intricately detailed painting techniques of his favourite Old Masters. A followup series, focusing on the Impressionists, began airing two days after his death, in 1984.

Early life
Keating was born into a working-class family in an overcrowded flat in South London. As a youth, living hand to mouth on his father's shilling-and-sixpence hourly wage as a house painter, he helped his mother make ends meet by collecting and selling horse manure, running errands for neighbours, and taking parcels to the local pawn shop. Growing up he worked as a delivery boy, lather boy, lift boy and bellboy before finally joining the family business as a house painter.

Art classes
He discovered his love and early talent for picture-making at Eltham College primary school in Kent. Having run away from home to visit his grandmother seven miles away, he ended up staying for three years, trading persistent poverty and grim prospects for regular home-cooked meals and a headmistress who was also an art teacher, who encouraged him to spend as much time as he liked drawing and painting owls, foxes, badgers, and a sailing ship. When his grandmother died, he returned to Forest Hill.

At the age of fourteen, he passed an entrance exam for the nearby, prestigious, St Dunstan's College, but was crestfallen when told the impossible sum required for clothes and books needed just to start. He returned to odd jobs and house painting, developing his own talent for detailing woodwork, graining, marbling, and sign writing.

Navy tour
Keating was called up to the Royal Navy in the spring of 1940, finishing his training just in time to get a taste of combat at Dunkirk, before setting off for Singapore aboard the SS Strathmore. He spent the next three years in the South China Sea on a variety of vessels, also spending time in hospital for a range of illnesses, including shock, and injuries he attributed to the abuse of fellow crewmen and officers dubious of a sailor who spent all his free time on his own, reading and drawing, instead of carousing with the rest of them.

On 15 September 1943 he was posted to the frigate HMS Lagan as a stoker first class, and sent into the Battle of the Atlantic, escorting a convoy of merchant supply ships from Liverpool to New York.  After suffering major defeats four months earlier, the German U-boat offensive had been withdrawn from the North Atlantic, awaiting tactical and technical improvements, which were now complete.  In the wee small hours of 20 September 1943, the Lagan became the first Allied warship to be hit by the new T5 acoustic torpedo, which tore off her entire stern, killing over a quarter of the crew, and leaving the remainder dead in the water southwest of Iceland, about a third of the way into their journey. The Lagan was towed back to Merseyside. Nerves shattered and his back badly injured by Hedgehog shrapnel, Keating was sent home to hospital for psychiatric treatment – a fortnight in an induced coma, then discharged with a disability pension of seventeen shillings a week. He soon married his wife Ellen, with whom he had two children, Douglas, and Linda. They separated in 1952.

Self-taught
Keating always claimed he learned his most important skills as an artist through independent study and experimentation on his own. His early sources of inspiration were chiefly the father of the Renaissance, Titian, of the Venetian School; the Baroque Dutch master Rembrandt, the pioneering British portrait and landscape painter Thomas Gainsborough, and the Romanticists Goya, Turner and Constable. He divined their secrets by spending countless hours scrutinising and sketching examples of their work in Britain's greatest museums, especially the National Gallery, The Royal Academy and the Tate.

In 1950, he was given for his service in the war a two-year course at Goldsmiths' College, and a grant from the Ministry of Labour of £4 and 5 shillings a week (£4.20 in decimal currency). He supplemented this by working nights and weekends, but was seldom able to simultaneously manage all the expenses of essential art supplies and feeding his family. He then discovered he lacked the prerequisite A-levels to qualify for a teaching certificate. This, combined with his disappointment at the calibre of technical training on offer, and a complete lack of interest in the modern art movements in vogue at the time (he was ridiculed for praising the work of Pietro Annigoni, who only a few years later was commissioned to paint a popular portrait of the Queen), led inevitably to him failing two final exams––praised for 'painterly technique', thwarted by his composition's 'insufficient originality'––and dropping out.

Never one to shy away from self-contradiction, Keating told a journalist in May 1977 he had to unlearn everything he was taught at Goldsmith's. In his autobiography published the following month, he credited some of the training he received there with getting him started on a career.

Art restorer
While studying at Goldsmith's, Keating secured a part-time job as a restorer, at the well-respected Hahn Brothers, in Mayfair, where he began meticulously filling thousands of tiny cracks in old pictures. The breadth of his expertise in painting techniques quickly expanded, however, when he began taking more challenging jobs on the shady fringes of the London art market, where he learned to skilfully mimic the methods of scores of lesser-known artists, in the course of figuring out how to fix them. The typical instruction he got in these establishments was along the lines of, 'here, show us what you can do with this'.

While working in a small shop for a man called Fred Roberts, he was asked to replace a herd of grazing cattle––that had been obliterated by the repair of a large tear in a 19th-century painting by Thomas Sidney Cooper––with laughing children dancing around a maypole, dramatically enhancing the picture's charm. Roberts was so impressed with several of Keating's 'repairs' that he framed them, added a forged signature, and put them up in a nearby showroom for hundreds, even thousands of pounds, all while paying Keating slave wages, generally £5 to £10 per week.

When Keating discovered some Frank Moss Bennetts he'd nearly completely repainted for Roberts, on offer at a posh West End gallery for £1,500 to £3,000, he was so disgusted he dashed back, gave Roberts an earful of expletives and quit on the spot, hurling a palette at him as a parting gesture.

When he later discovered that similar subterfuge was rampant throughout the trade, dealers raking in cash while his wife and children were stuck in a damp, dilapidated flat, with scant, tattered furniture and often little to eat, he decided he too could play at that game. A forger was born, with a sense of righteous indignation and a desire for vengeance that plagued him the rest of his life, baffling those who thought his tremendous talent could be put to far better use, landing him in the Old Bailey on charges for fraud, bringing him post-trial wealth and fame, and condemning him––through the stress on his health of violent mood swings and massive consumption of tobacco and alcohol––to an early death.

Crusade against the art world
Keating never attempted to get rich off the fakes he produced, rather he often gave them away as gifts, bartered them for food, booze, and rent, or sold them for a pittance to friends and acquaintances, even the local gas man.

His main objective was a vendetta against corrupt, predatory art dealers whom he believed victimised both artists and the buying public. Not long after finding a number of old pictures he'd been ordered to 'enhance', on sale nearby for inflated prices, he was taken in by an even more perfidious employer. Keating would often stay after hours painting pictures in the styles of other artists he admired, to study their techniques. One evening his boss discovered him finishing a pastiche of a wintry Canadian scene, à la Cornelius Krieghoff. The man offered to buy it from him, and asked him to do another, for which he paid him $15 each. Keating later learned they were sold at a London Gallery for over $3000.

Keating retaliated by disseminating quantities of fakes of sufficient quality to fool the experts, hoping to destabilize the system. At one point in the 1950s, so many 'newly-discovered' Krieghoffs had come on the market that prices were acutely depressed, over fears many were fake, neatly achieving two of Keating's goals: to reduce the profits of greedy art dealers, and to make beautiful pictures from one of his favourite artists more affordable to the buying public. Some twenty years later, a Sotheby's expert on Canadian art lamented, due to unceasing difficulties in making a firm identification of Krieghoff's work, that instead of listing them under the artist's full name – to indicate full confidence in their authenticity – they catalogued paintings in a 1976 auction as merely, 'attributed to Krieghoff'. Prices however, had made a handsome recovery; they sold for $11,000 - $13,000.

Keating considered himself a socialist and used that mentality to rationalize his actions. He planted "time bombs" in his products. He left clues of the paintings' true nature for fellow art restorers or conservators to find. For example, he might write text onto the canvas with lead white before he began the painting, knowing that x-rays would later reveal the text. He deliberately added flaws or anachronisms, or used materials peculiar to the 20th century. Modern copyists of old masters use similar practices to guard against accusations of fraud.

In Keating's book The Fake's Progress, discussing the famous artists he forged, he stated that "it seemed disgraceful to me how many of them died in poverty". He reasoned that the poverty he had shared with these artists qualified him for the job. He added: "I flooded the market with the 'work' of Palmer and many others, not for gain, but simply as a protest against the merchants who make capital out of those I am proud to call my brother artists, both living and dead." In 1962, Keating counterfeited Edgar Degas' self-portrait.

Techniques of the old masters
Mastering an artist's style and technique, as well as getting to know the artist very well, was a priority for Keating. He bristled at being called a forger, claiming he never truly copied any pictures, rather he did new pictures that looked like they were done by others. In a 1977 BBC documentary he described a kind of hierarchy of terms for various types of imitation:

Copy – an exact duplicate, such as those often displayed in place of an original kept safe in a vault

Repaint – the result of heedless, heavy-handed restoration

Pastiche – a variation of an existing painting, or a new picture that mimics another artist's style

Fake – a pastiche that has been doctored up to look like an original

Forgery – a fake with another artist's signature added and false provenance provided

Though not always consistent in his own use of these distinctions, by far his favourite term for what he did was, Sexton Blake. The name of the long-running fictional detective was commonly used from the early twentieth century to mean, cake. Keating revised and popularized its use as rhyming slang for fake.

Keating's preferred approach in oil painting was a Venetian technique inspired by Titian's practice, although modified and fine-tuned along Dutch lines. The resultant paintings, while time-consuming to execute, have a richness and subtlety of colour and optical effect, and a variety of textures and depth of atmosphere unattainable in any other way. Unsurprisingly, his favourite artist was Rembrandt.

For a "Rembrandt", Keating might make pigments by boiling nuts for 10 hours and filtering the result through silk; such colouring would eventually fade, while genuine earth pigments would not. As a restorer he knew about the chemistry of cleaning fluids; so, a layer of glycerine under the paint layer ensured that when any of his forged paintings needed to be cleaned (as all oil paintings need to be, eventually), the glycerin would dissolve, the paint layer would disintegrate, and the painting – now a ruin – would stand revealed as a fake.

Occasionally, as a restorer, he would come across frames with Christie's catalogue numbers still on them. To help in establishing false provenances for his forgeries, he would call the auction house to ask whose paintings they had contained – and would then paint the pictures according to the same artist's style.

Keating also produced a number of watercolours in the style of Samuel Palmer. To create a Palmer watercolor, Keating would mix the watercolor paints with glutinous tree gum, and cover the paintings with thick coats of varnish in order to get the right consistency and texture. And oil paintings by various European masters, including François Boucher, Edgar Degas, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Thomas Gainsborough, Amedeo Modigliani, Rembrandt, Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Kees van Dongen.

One of many artists associated with Kew, London, Keating had a strong desire to inspire more people to take up fine art painting. In the early 1960s, he started an informal school of his own, endeavouring to teach local teenagers elaborate techniques in his studio in Kew Village, in exchange for tobacco or second-hand art books.

Relationship with Jane Kelly
In the summer of 1963, forty-six year-old Keating, met sixteen-year-old Jane Kelly, in the Railway Café at Kew Gardens Station––opposite his flat, and just across an historic footbridge from her family home. Having recently relocated from Llangyndeyrn, Wales, Kelly quickly joined a group of young people she found gathered round a charming older man perched at the end of the bar, regaling them with wild stories of war, protest, and Art World treachery. Keating gave informal painting lessons to several of them, but Kelly immediately stood out. From early childhood, she'd grown up studying a number of rare sketch books her great grandfather, Thomas Farr, had made in British Ceylon in the 1890s. The pioneering tea planter, artist, and early conservationist made detailed field drawings and vivid watercolours, which inspired Kelly to become an artist. She soon became Keating's full-time student and apprentice. Four years later, the two began a life together in Suffolk, where they started an art restoration business.

Revealing the forger

In February 1970, Geraldine Norman, sale room correspondent for The Times of London, reported the sale of a rare painting from Samuel Palmer's Shoreham period, which mainly depicted moonlit scenes of shepherds and sheep from around his home in  Shoreham, Kent. A nearly life-sized photo of the picture accompanied the article. Entitled Sepham Barn, it was purchased for £9,400, by Harold Leger, of Leger Galleries, Old Bond Street in London.

A month later, The Times published a letter from art expert David Gould claiming the picture to be a fake. Mrs. Norman continued to receive reports of more new Palmer pictures appearing in the market, along with claims from David Gould that all of them were fakes. In March 1976, she began investigating them, enlisting the assistance of Palmer experts from the Ashmolean Museum, the Tate Museum, the British Museum, and the Fitzwilliam Museum, as well as author Geoffrey Grigson.

In July 1976 the first of Norman's series of articles on fake Palmers was published on page one of The Times. Thirteen previously unknown Palmers that had appeared on the market in the past decade were all declared fake. Five of them had come from a single source: Jane Kelly. Norman was unable to reach Miss Kelly but received several phone calls with tips including one from Miss Kelly's brother, who brought photos from Keating's studio, revealing that Tom Keating was the forger she was looking for.

Soon after, she drove out to the house that Kelly's brother had told her about, and met Keating. He welcomed her inside and told her all about his life as a restorer and artist, not discussing his life as a forger. He also spent much of the time ranting about his fight against the art establishment as a working-class socialist. A little over a week after their meeting (and a month after the first article), The Times published a further article written by Norman, writing about Keating's life and the many allegations of forgery against him. In response, Keating wrote: "I do not deny these allegations. In fact, I openly confess to having done them." He also declared that money was not his incentive. Though Norman was the one to expose him, Keating did not feel resentment towards her. Instead, he said that she was sympathetic, respectful of his radical politics, and appreciative of him as an artist.

When an article published in The Times discussed the auctioneer's suspicions about their provenance, Keating confessed that they were his. He also estimated that more than 2,000 of his forgeries were in circulation. He had created them, he declared, as a protest against those art traders who get rich at the artist's expense. He also refused to list the forgeries.

Trial at the Old Bailey
After Keating and Jane Kelly were finally arrested in 1977, and both accused of conspiracy to defraud and obtaining payments through deception amounting to £21,416, Kelly pleaded guilty, promising to testify against Keating. Conversely, Keating pleaded innocent, on the basis that he was never intending to defraud, rather he was simply working under the masters' guidance and in their spirit. The charges were eventually dropped due to his poor health after he was severely injured in a motorcycle accident. He then contracted bronchitis in the hospital, which was exacerbated by a heart ailment and pulmonary disease, leading the doctors to believe that he was not going to survive. The prosecutor dropped the case, declaring nolle prosequi. Since Kelly had already pleaded guilty, she received an eighteen month sentence, suspended for two years. However, Keating served no time, and shortly after the charges were dropped, Keating's health improved. Soon after, Keating was asked to star in a television show about the techniques needed to paint like the masters.

Crusader vindicated
The same year Keating was arrested (1977), he published his autobiography with Geraldine and Frank Norman. A 2005 article in The Guardian stated that after the trial was halted, "the public warmed to him, believing him a charming old rogue." Years of chain smoking and the effects of breathing in the fumes of chemicals used in art restoring, such as ammonia, turpentine and methyl alcohol, together with the stress induced by the court case, had taken their toll. Through 1982 and 1983, however, Keating rallied at the prospect of finally fulfilling a long-held ambition to be a teacher; to encourage others to paint. Though still in fragile health, he accepted a proposal to star in a (UK) Channel 4 television series called Tom Keating on Painters (see more below).

A year before he died in Colchester at the age of 66, Keating stated in a television interview, that, in his opinion, he was not an especially good painter. Keating is buried in the churchyard of the parish church of St Mary the Virgin at Dedham (a scene painted numerous times by Sir Alfred Munnings), and his last painting, The Angel of Dedham, is to be found in the Muniment Library of the church.

Even when he was alive, many art collectors and celebrities, such as the ex-heavyweight boxer Henry Cooper, had begun to collect Keating's work. After his death, his paintings became increasingly valuable collectibles. In the year of his death, Christie's auctioned 204 of his works. The amount raised from the auction was not announced, but it is said to have been considerable. Even his known forgeries, described in catalogues as "after" Gainsborough or Cézanne, attain high prices. Nowadays, Keatings sell for tens of thousands of pounds.

Keatings' work has itself been faked. The 2005 Guardian article states, "Dodgy paintings in Keating's original style, proudly bearing what-looks-like his signature, are finding their way into the market. If they manage to fool, they can claim £5,000 to £10,000. But if uncovered they are virtually worthless, much like Keating's 20 years ago. If you can pick them up for next to nothing, they may be a better investment than an original Keating counterfeit."

Works
 Major restoration of the Louis Laguerre murals depicting the Battle of Blenheim in the West Staircase at Marlborough House.
 The Hay Wain in Reverse, his best known painting, is a pastiche of John Constable's celebrated, The Hay Wain. It is reportedly on display in the Granary Barn and Museum in Flatford.
 Turner at Greenwich, the reverse Temeraire shown in the Turner episode of Tom Keating On Painters.
 A modest painting of the Greek sun god Helios in his chariot adorns a sign over The Sun Inn, in Dedham, Essex.

Television series

A Picture of Tom Keating
Subtitled An exclusive study of a master forger, this BBC1 special broadcast on 3 May 1977, featured an interview of Keating in his studio, demonstrating how he produced fakes of Renoir, Degas and Palmer. He claimed he duped the so-called experts because he wanted to expose the dubious practices of art dealers. He also discussed his relationship with Jane Kelly, and their restoration business at Wattisfield Hall, in East Anglia, and later at Vilaflor in Tenerife.

The programme was rebroadcast on BBC2 on 6 August 1979, with a new sequence which covered Keating's trial in February.

Tom Keating On Painters
Keating's award-winning first educational series began airing on 4 November 1982, two days after the launch of Britain's fourth television station. Channel 4 enticed viewers by inviting them to: "Watch the great 16th century Italian painter Tom Keating (who) believes the spirits of the Old Masters sometimes enter him as he works on a canvas. Tonight, in the first of a series, watch Titian paint 'Tarquin and Lucretia' through Keating."

In each half-hour episode, filmed in his private studio in Dedham, a soft-spoken Keating displayed a depth of knowledge and range of technical skills that astonished many viewers. A Times television critic commenting on the Rembrandt episode wrote, "Tom Keating does more than just break new ground in art appreciation. Other art experts limit themselves to indicating areas of great paintings and explaining this, that, and the other. Mr. Keating goes one better by first putting himself into the Old Master's shoes, then insinuating himself into their minds, and finally putting paint to canvas with an uncanny command of the original style. Instruction by example: that is the Keating approach."

He would begin each episode with a brief life history of the artist, including aesthetic influences and interactions with other famous painters, then quickly demonstrate the compositional development, sketching and painting techniques of one of his favourite mentors, each among the most revered fine artists in history. In March the following year, the programme captured the Broadcasting Press Guild's award for 'Best on-screen performance in a non-acting role' for Keating. Both series were released on VHS in 1983.

Turner – "In his day people had a need, an urge to escape the ugliness of life," Keating explains. "They hid themselves in their paintings, looking at them. So he created another world of colour, magic and mystery." Keating draws and paints a reverse rendering of The Fighting Temeraire.

Titian – Keating illustrates Titian's multilayered painting techniques by creating a copy of Tarquin and Lucretia.

Constable – Keating reviews the history of the making of The Hay Wain. Then recreates another version of his Hay Wain in Reverse.

Rembrandt – Keating paints a pastiche combining a Rembrandt self-portrait with a portrait of his son Titus.

Degas – Keating demonstrates the making of The Ballet Class, in pastel.

Restoration – Louis Laguerre murals depicting the Battle of Blenheim in the West Staircase at Marlborough House.

Tom Keating On Impressionism

Rousseau, Boudin, Pissarro

Manet

Monet
Keating demonstrates the effects Monet captured by painting outdoors on the frozen River Seine

Renoir

Van Gogh

Cezanne

In popular culture
In the 2002 film The Good Thief, Nick Nolte's character claims to own a painting Picasso did for him after losing a bet, when it is exposed as a fake he claims it was painted for him by Keating after meeting in a betting shop.

The fourth track, titled "Judas Unrepentant", on progressive rock band Big Big Train's 2012 album English Electric (Part One) is based on the life of Keating as an artist. According to the blog of Big Big Train vocalist David Longdon, the song walks through Keating's artistic life from his time as a restorer to his death and posthumous fame.

Further reading
 Tom Keating, Geraldine Norman and Frank Norman, The Fake's Progress: The Tom Keating Story, London: Hutchinson and Co., 1977.
 Associated Press obituary for Tom Keating
 Keats, Jonathon, Forged: Why Fakes Are the Great Art of Our Age, New York: Oxford University Press., 2013. (Excerpt on Tom Keating published by Forbes, 13 December 2012).
Paci, P., "A Forger's Career, Tom Keating – UK," in Masters of the Swindle: True Stories of Con Men, Cheaters & Scam Artists, edited by Gianni Morelli and Chiara Schiavano, Milano, Italy: White Star Publishers, 2016, pages 180–84.

References

1917 births
1984 deaths
Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
British military personnel of World War II
English art forgers
English male painters
English socialists
Conservator-restorers
House painters
Painters from London
People from Lewisham
Military personnel from London
Television personalities from London

Tom Keating


Caracol Televisión er kólumbísk sjónvarpsstöð (stofnuð 28. ágúst 1969).

Tenglar
 Caracol Televisión

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ට්‍රාන්ස්ෆෝර්මර්ස් යනු  හැස්බ්‍රෝ සමාගම විසින් නිර්මාණය කෙරුණු  එම නම දරන කෙළිබඩු වර්ගය මත පදනම් වූ 2007 ඇමරිකානු විද්‍යා ප්‍රබන්ධ අභිනය චිත්‍රපටයකි. පරිගණක සජීවිකරණය සමග සජීවි-අභිනය රූගතකිරීම් ඒකාබද්ධ කෙරෙන චිත්‍රපටයක් වන මෙය, මයිකල් බේ විසින් අධ්‍යක්ෂණය කෙරුණු අතර, ස්ටීවන් ස්පිල්බර්ග් එහි විධායක නිෂ්පාදකයා විය.

ට්‍රාන්ස්ෆෝර්මර්ස් (චිත්‍රපටය)


Pınarhüyük, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Türkoğlu ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Daha önceleri Pazarcık ilçesine bağlıyken, 4 Aralık 1985'te Türkoğlu ilçesine bağlandı.

Coğrafya
Kahramanmaraş il merkezine 34 km., Türkoğlu ilçesine 12 km. uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Türkoğlu'nun mahalleleri

Pınarhüyük, Türkoğlu


حي المساكن الشعبية هو أحد الأحياء الشرقية في مدينة نابلس، ويعتبر مدخل نابلس من جهة الأغوار والباذان. يرجع تأسيس الحي إلى الستينات والسبعينات من القرن العشرين.

انظر أيضًا
 نابلس.
 محافظة نابلس.

المراجع

وصلات خارجية
 موقع بلدية نابلس الرسمي.

آثار فلسطين
أحياء نابلس

المساكن الشعبية (نابلس)


Yumuşama, özellikle siyasi ilişkilerin sözlü iletişim yoluyla gerilimlerin azaltılması anlamına gelen bir diplomasi terimidir. Bu terim, 1912 yılında Fransa ve Almanya'nın gerilimleri azaltmaya yönelik başarısız girişimleriyle ortaya çıkmıştır.

Terim genellikle Soğuk Savaş döneminde Sovyetler Birliği ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri arasındaki jeopolitik gerilimlerin genel olarak azaldığı bir dönemi ifade etmek için kullanılır. Yumuşama, 1969 yılında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Başkanı Richard Nixon'ın dış politikasının temel bir unsuru olarak başlamıştır. Doğu Bloku ile çatışmanın tırmanmasını önlemek amacıyla, Nixon yönetimi, silah kontrolü ve diğer ikili anlaşmalar üzerine müzakereleri kolaylaştırmak için Sovyet hükümetiyle daha fazla diyalogu teşvik etmiştir.

Soğuk savaş ve yumuşama
Yumuşamanın resmi olarak Nixon başkanlığı döneminde başladığı kabul edilse de, Soğuk Savaş döneminde ABD ve Sovyetler Birliği arasında ilişkilerin gevşemesine yönelik önceden yaşanan durumlar da vardı. 1962'deki Küba Füze Krizi'nden sonra, hem Amerika Birleşik Devletleri hem de Sovyetler Birliği, Washington ve Moskova arasında doğrudan bir hat kurmayı kabul etti. Bu hat halk arasında kırmızı telefon olarak bilinir. Bu hat, her iki ülkenin liderlerinin olası bir felaketle karşılaşma durumunda hızlı iletişim kurmalarını sağlamıştır.

Soğuk Savaş dönemindeki yumuşama süreci, Anti-Balistik Füze Anlaşması gibi önemli silahsızlanma antlaşmalarının onaylanmasını ve Helsinki Antlaşması gibi sembolik anlaşmaların oluşturulmasını gördü. Tarihçiler arasında hala yumuşama döneminin barışı sağlama konusunda ne kadar başarılı olduğu konusunda devam eden bir tartışma bulunmaktadır.

Yumuşama, 1980 Moskova Olimpiyatlarına Amerika'nın boykotuyla sonuçlanan Sovyetler Birliği'nin Afganistan'a müdahalesi sonrasında sona erdiği kabul edilmektedir. Ronald Reagan'ın 1980'de başkan seçilmesi, büyük ölçüde yumuşama karşıt kampanyasına dayanması nedeniyle gerilimin arttığı bir dönemi tetikledi. Reagan ilk basın toplantısında, ABD'nin yumuaşamayı takip etmesinin Sovyetler Birliği'nin çıkarlarını ilerletmek için kullanıldığını iddia etti.

İlişkiler, Polonya'daki olaylar, ABD'nin SALT II silah anlaşmasından çekilmesi ve NATO'nun Able Archer tatbikatıyla birlikte giderek daha da gerilmeye devam etti.

Gerilimlerin artması karşısında Dışişleri Bakanı George P. Shultz, Reagan yönetiminin Sovyetler Birliği ile bir başka dönemde-gerilim politikasına yönelik değişikliğe gitti, özellikle de Mikhail Gorbaçov'un iktidara gelmesinden sonra. Gorbaçov'un liderliği sırasında, START silah indirme anlaşması üzerine yapılan diyalog anlamlı ilerleme kaydetti. Diplomatik girişimler, Sovyetler Birliği'nin 1991'de çöküşüne kadar devam eden Bush yönetimi tarafından sürdürüldü, bunlar arasında START anlaşmasının onaylanması da bulunuyordu. 1983'ten 1991'e kadar süren bu yeniden-gerilim dönemi bazen ikinci bir dönemde-gerilim olarak adlandırılır.

Eric Grynaviski'ye göre, "Sovyet ve ABD karar vericileri, yumuşama kavramının ne anlama geldiği konusunda iki farklı anlayışa sahipti" ve aynı zamanda "her iki tarafın da gelecekteki davranışları için ortak ilkeler ve beklentileri paylaştığı yanlış bir inanca sahipti."

Zirveler ve anlaşmalar

Nixon döneminden önce, yumuşamanın temelleri erken ve orta 1960'ların multilateral silah sınırlama antlaşmalarıyla oluşturulmuştur. Bunlar arasında Ağustos 1963 Kısmi Nükleer Deneme Yasağı Antlaşması, Ocak 1967 Uzay Antlaşması ve Temmuz 1968 Nükleer Silahların Yayılmasının Önlenmesi Antlaşması bulunmaktadır. Küba Füze Krizi gibi tarihi gelişmeler ve kıtalararası balistik füze (ICBM) gelişimi gibi teknolojik ilerlemeler bu anlaşmaları teşvik etmiştir.

Nixon 1969 yılında göreve gelince, birkaç önemli yumuşama antlaşması geliştirildi. Varşova Paktı'nın Siyasi Danışma Komitesi, Batı'ya ve ABD'ye, "Avrupa'da güvenlik ve işbirliği" konulu bir zirve düzenlenmesini teşvik eden bir teklif gönderdi. Batı bunu kabul etti ve Stratejik Silah Sınırlama Görüşmeleri, her iki süper gücün nükleer yeteneklerine gerçek sınırlamalar getirmek amacıyla başladı ve sonunda 1972'de SALT I antlaşmasının imzalanmasına yol açtı. Bu antlaşma, her iki gücün nükleer silah stoklarını sınırladı, ancak çok hızlı bir şekilde MIRV'lerin geliştirilmesi sonucunda eskimiş hale geldi. Ayrıca, 1972'de Biyolojik Silahlar Sözleşmesi ve Anti-Balistik Füze Antlaşması imzalandı ve aynı yıl SALT II üzerinde görüşmelere başlandı. 1973 Washington Zirvesi, diplomatik işbirliği konusunu tartışarak karşılıklı ve uluslararası ilişkileri ilerletti.

1975 yılında, Avrupa'da Güvenlik ve İşbirliği Konferansı (AGİK) toplandı ve ekonomik, siyasi ve insan hakları konularında geniş kapsamlı bir dizi anlaşma olan Helsinki Bildirgesi'ni ortaya çıkardı. AGİK, Sovyetler Birliği tarafından başlatıldı ve Avrupa'da 35 ülkeyi içeren bir sürece dahil oldu. Konferansın ardından en yaygın sorunlardan biri, Sovyetler Birliği'ndeki insan hakları ihlalleri sorunuydu. Sovyet Anayasası, Birleşmiş Milletler İnsan Hakları Bildirgesi'ni doğrudan ihlal etti ve bu konu, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Sovyetler Birliği arasında önemli bir ayrılık noktası haline geldi.

Carter yönetimi, Sovyetler Birliği içindeki insan hakları gruplarını desteklemişti ve Leonid Brejnev, ABD'yi diğer ülkelerin iç işlerine müdahale etmekle suçladı. Bu durum, temel insan hakları olan ifade özgürlüğü ve din özgürlüğü gibi haklar ihlal edildiğinde diğer ulusların müdahale edip etmeyeceği konusunda yoğun bir tartışmaya yol açtı. Bu süper güçler arasındaki temel anlaşmazlık, bir demokrasi ile tek parti rejimi arasında, bu konunun uzlaştırılmasına izin vermedi. Dahası, Sovyetler, kendi iç politikalarını insan hakları konusunda Amerikan desteğini eleştirerek savundu ve aynı insan haklarını ihlal ettiği bilinen Güney Afrika, Şili ve diğer ülkelerin Amerikan desteğini hedef aldı.

Temmuz 1975'te Apollo-Soyuz Test Projesi, uluslararası bir uzay misyonu olarak gerçekleşti; üç Amerikalı astronot ve iki Sovyet kozmonot, uzay araçlarını birleştirip ortak deneyler gerçekleştirdi. Bu misyon, her iki ülkenin uzay merkezleri arasında beş yıl süren siyasi müzakereler ve teknik işbirliğiyle önceden hazırlanmıştı. Amerikalı ve Sovyet mühendislerinin değişimlerini içeren çalışmalar da yapıldı.

Yumuşama döneminde her iki blok arasındaki ticari ilişkiler önemli ölçüde arttı. En önemli olanı, her yıl Batı'dan Sovyetler Birliği'ne gönderilen büyük tahıl sevkiyatlarıydı ve bu sevkiyatlar Sovyet kolektif çiftlikleri olan kolkhozların başarısızlığını telafi etmeye yardımcı oldu.

Aynı zamanda, Jackson-Vanik Değişikliği, Amerikan Başkanı Gerald Ford tarafından 3 Ocak 1975'te imzalanan ve ABD Kongresi'nin her iki kanadında oybirliğiyle kabul edilen bir yasa idi. Bu yasa, Amerikalılar ve Sovyetler arasındaki ticari ilişkileri dengelemeyi amaçlıyordu. İnsan haklarının Sovyetler Birliği'nde iyileştirilmesine bağlı olarak, özellikle reddedilen göçmenlerin göç etmesine izin vererek işlem yapma imkanı sağladı. Aynı zamanda, en çok tercih edilen millet statüsüne direnen hiçbir ülkenin bu statüyü alamayacağı bir madde ekleyerek jeopolitiği insan haklarıyla ilişkilendirmenin bir yolunu sağladı.

Vietnam savaşı
Richard Nixon ve Ulusal Güvenlik Danışmanı Henry Kissinger, 1970'lerin başında Sovyetler Birliği ile yumuşamaya doğru ilerledi. Karşılığında, Sovyetlerin ABD'nin Vietnam'dan çıkmasına yardım etmesini veya ABD'nin kendisini oradan çekmesini istediler. İnsanlar, o zamanlarda ABD siyasetçilerinin nasıl bilinçli hareket etmeye başladıklarını fark etmeye başladı.

Stratejik silahların sınırlandırılması görüşmeleri

Richard Nixon ve Leonid Brezhnev, 26 Mayıs 1972 tarihinde Moskova'da bir ABM anlaşması ile birlikte Geçici Anlaşma (SALT I) imzaladı. Bu anlaşmalar, stratejik silahların (MIRV'ler, SLBM'ler ve ICBM'ler) geçici olarak sınırlandırılmasını sağladı. Bu, nükleer balistik silahların yayılmasının başladığı bir dönemde, askeri anlamda bir yumuşama örneğiydi.

Nixon ve Kissinger'ın amacı, silah kontrolünü kullanarak daha geniş bir détente politikasını teşvik etmek ve ardından Nixon'ın "linkage" olarak adlandırdığı şekilde diğer acil sorunların çözümüne izin vermekti. David Tal, şöyle iddia etti:

Apollo-Soyuz işbirliği

Yumuşamaya katkıda bulunan önemli bir olayın uzayda gerçekleşen bir tokalaşma olduğu söylenebilir. Temmuz 1975'te gerçekleşen Apollo-Soyuz Test Projesi ile ilk Sovyet-Amerikan ortak uzay uçuşu gerçekleştirildi. Temel hedefi, farklı iki uzay aracının yörüngede birleşmesine izin veren uluslararası bir kenetlenme sistemi oluşturulmasıydı. Bu, her iki mürettebatın uzay keşfi konusunda işbirliği yapmasına olanak sağlayacaktı. Proje, 1957'de Sputnik 1'in fırlatılmasıyla başlayan Uzay Yarışı'nın sonunu getirdi ve Amerikalılar ile Sovyetler arasındaki gerilimi önemli ölçüde azaltmaya imkân sağladı.

Eşzamanlı çatışmalar
Doğrudan ilişkilerin yumuşadığı bir dönemde, süper güçler arasında gerilimler artarak devam etti, özellikle Üçüncü Dünya'da. 1973'te Güney Asya ve Ortadoğu'daki çatışmalar, Afganistan gibi yerlerde Sovyetler Birliği ve ABD'nin savaş malzemesi ve diplomatik tutumlarla destekledikleri vekiller aracılığıyla gerçekleşti. Latin Amerika'da ABD, bölgedeki sol eğilimli seçim değişikliklerini engellemeye devam ederek, sağcı askeri darbeleri ve askeri diktatörlükleri destekledi. Bu arada, bölgede Sovyetler Birliği, Çin ve Küba tarafından askeri ve ekonomik olarak desteklenen birçok komünist veya solcu gerilla bulunuyordu.

Erken dönemdeki büyük bir kısmında Vietnam Savaşı devam etti. Her iki taraf da birbirine hâlâ güven duymuyordu ve nükleer savaş olasılığı sürekli bir tehdit olarak kalmaya devam ediyordu, özellikle 1973 Yom Kippur Savaşı sırasında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin Küba Füze Krizi'nden bu yana en yüksek seviye olan DEFCON III'e yükseldiği dönemde.

Her iki taraf da binlerce nükleer başlık taşıyan kıtalararası balistik füzelerle (ICBM'ler) birbirlerinin şehirlerini hedef almaya devam etti, dünyanın okyanuslarında uzun menzilli nükleer silah kapasitesine sahip denizaltılarını (denizaltıdan fırlatılan balistik füzeler veya SLBM'ler) sürdürdü, sürekli alarma hazır yüzlerce nükleer silahlı uçak bulundurdu ve Kore ve Avrupa'daki anlaşmazlık yaratan sınırlarını büyük karasal kuvvetlerle korudu. Casusluk çabaları yüksek öncelikli olarak devam etti ve firarlar, keşif uyduları ve sinyal dinlemeleri, birbirlerinin niyetlerini ölçerek stratejik bir avantaj elde etmeye çalıştı.

Ayrıca bakınız

 Yatıştırma politikası

Kaynakça
Siyasi kavramlar
Siyasi tarih
Soğuk Savaş
Uluslararası politika

Yumuşama (uluslararası politika)


Alsace-Lorraine ya da Alsas-Loren (Almanca: Elsaß-Lothringen), Sedan Savaşı'ndan önce Fransa'nın toprağı olan Alsas-Loren bölgesi, Frankfurt Barış Antlaşması'yla Alman İmparatorluğu'nun bir Eyaleti hâline geldi. Ancak Loren'in küçük bir kısmı Fransa'ya bırakıldı.

I. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra kısa bir süreliğine, Alsas-Loren Sovyet Cumhuriyeti ismi altında bağımsız olsa da, Versay Antlaşması ile Fransa'ya bağlandı.

Yeni gelen Fransız Yönetimi hızlı bir şekilde bölgeyi Fransızlaştırmaya başladı. Zamanla Fransızlaşan bölgeye, Fransa pek çok tahkimat, kale ve Maginot Hattı'nı konuşlandırdı. II. Dünya Savaşı'nda Fransa'nın yenilmesiyle tekrar Almanya'ya geçen bölge, Almanların teslim olmasıyla yeniden Fransız yönetimine bırakıldı. Günümüzde ise Fransız yönetimi altındadır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Alsas
 Loren

Alsas-Loren


Innvikfjorden er en del af  fjorden Nordfjord i Stryn kommune i Vestland fylke i Norge. Den har en længde på cirka 4,5 kilometer og er en fortsættelse af Utvikfjorden. Fjorden starter mellem Ulvedal i nord og Utvik i syd og går forbi Innvik, som den er opkaldt efter. Ved Hildeneset fortsætter fjorden som Faleidfjorden.

Fylkesvej 60 går langs østsiden af fjorden, mens fylkesvej 698 går på vestsiden.

Kilder og henvisninger

Fjorde i Vestland
Stryn

Innvikfjorden


La ventana de enfrente puede hacer referencia a:
 La ventana de enfrente, película estadounidense de 1998, protagonizada por Christopher Reeve.
 La ventana de enfrente, película italiana de 2003, dirigida por Ferzan Özpetek.

La ventana de enfrente


Böhnhusen er en kommune og en by i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Flintbek i den østlige del af Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde. Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde ligger i den centrale del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Böhnhusen er en vejby omkring 15 km syd for Kiel mellem Bundesautobahn 215 mod Neumünster og Bundesstraße 404, der videre mod syd overgår til Bundesautobahn 21 mod Lübeck.

Kommunen ligger i moseområderne Kirchenmoor og Techelsdorfer Moor, der nu for en stor del er tørlagte. Gennem kommunen løber vandløbet Spöck.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde

Böhnhusen


Shogo Shimada (født 13. november 1979) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder FC Gifu.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Shogo Shimada


Gludsted Plantage er en statsskov,, der ligger på grænsen mellem Silkeborg Kommune og Ikast-Brande Kommune lidt nord for Gludsted. Storå har sit udspring i plantagens nordvestlige hjørne. Mod øst er plantagen nærmest sammenhængende via en række andre skove med Silkeborgskovene.

Plantagen er anlagt 1877-1900 og efterhånden udvidet, og er iflg. Naturstyrelsen Danmarks største skovområde.

Vejr
Gludsted Plantage har to vejrrekorder: 14. maj 1900 blev der målt -8°, og 16. juli 1903 blev der målt -0,3° - i begge tilfælde den laveste målte temperatur i Danmark i den pågældende måned.

Historie

Fortidsminder
Plantagen er på næsten alle sider omkranset af et jorddige. Der er en række fredede fortidsminder i plantagen:

Alkenbjerg
Rundhøjen Alkenbjerg blev berejst i 1877, 1951 og 1991. I 1951 blev det bemærket at højen var udflydende og forgravet og tæt bevokset med gran.

Blåbærhøj
Rundhøjen Blåbærhøj blev berejst i 1951, hvor det blev noteret, at den vestre halvdel af højen var fjernet. Højen ligger lige ved kommunegrænsen.

Højene ved Christianshede By
Sydvest for Christianshede By ligger en række rundhøje med stensætninger, som er berejst i 1895, 1950 og 1991, og de to af dem er tilset i 2012.

Munkhøj
Rundhøjen Munkhøj blev berejst i 1877 og 1951 og tilset i 2009 og 2013. Højen har været gennemgravet til fårehus.

Over Isengaard
Her er to rundhøje, beliggende på den lille bakkeø Isen Bjerg. Højene blev berejst i 1895, 1950 og 1990.

Ulvhøj
Rundhøjen Ulvhøj blev berejst i 1895, 1950 og 1990. Den har et større, uregelmæssigt hul i toppen og har haft flere rævegrave.

Forskellige unavngivne høje
Rundhøjen med nr. 55140 (Gludsted Statsplantage afd. 68) blev berejst i 1951. En lille firkant tørv er skrællet af, måske af tyskerne.

Rundhøjen med nr. 55122 (Gludsted statsplantage afd.150) blev berejst i 1877 og 1951. Den er ujævn på grund af tilplantning.

Rundhøjen med nr. 189919 (Vrads) blev berejst i 1991. Den har en sænkning i toppen.

Rundhøjen med nr. 191679 (Vrads) blev berejst i 2014. Den ligger på militært areal.

Mordsag
I 1948 blev den 14-årige bogbinderlærling Henning Carøe Jensen myrdet af den da 35-årige Carl Oskar Bernhard Christensen i Gludsted Plantage. Liget af drengen blev først fundet syv år senere, da Carl Oskar Bernhard Christensen tilstod mordet og viste, hvor det lå. Carl Oskar Bernhard Christensen blev idømt psykopatforvaring for røveri af særlig farlig karakter og voldeligt overfald med døden til følge.

Se også
 Fredede fortidsminder i Ikast-Brande Kommune
 Fredede fortidsminder i Silkeborg Kommune

Kilder

Skove i Danmark
Ikast-Brande Kommunes geografi

Gludsted Plantage


Šalgočka este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Galanta din regiunea Trnava. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 460 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Šalgočka este atestată documentar din 1248.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Šalgočka


أحمد عبد العزيز السعدون (مواليد 12 نوفمبر 1934) سياسي كويتي، رئيس مجلس الأمة منذ 20 يونيو 2023.

عن حياته
عمل كوكيل مساعد لشؤون البرق والهاتف في وزارة المواصلات حتى ترك العمل الحكومي في عام 1974، وكان من مؤسسي نادي كاظمة في عام 1964، وكان أمين السر في النادي منذ تأسيسه وحتى عام 1968، حيث ترك أمانة السر وظل عضوًا في مجلس إدارة النادي حتى عام 1982، وكان رئيسًا للاتحاد الكويتي لكرة القدم مُنذ عام 1968 وحتى عام 1976، وكان نائبًا لرئيس الاتحاد الدولي لكرة القدم منذ عام 1974 وحتى عام 1982.

مشواره البرلماني
ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1967 عن الدائرة السادسة، وخسر بالانتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز السابع برصيد 344 صوت

وكما ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1975 عن الدائرة الثانية، وفاز بالانتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز الثاني برصيد 641 صوت  وفي 11 فبراير 1975 انتخب نائباً لرئيس مجلس الأمة للفصل التشريعي الرابع وذالك خلال الجلسة الأولى لمجلس الأمة

وكما ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1981 عن الدائرة الحادية عشر، وفاز بالانتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز الأول برصيد 707 صوت  وفي 9 مارس 1981 انتخب نائباً لرئيس مجلس الأمة للفصل التشريعي الخامس وذالك خلال الجلسة الأولى لمجلس الأمة

وكما ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1985 عن الدائرة الحادية عشر، وفاز بالانتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز الأول برصيد 820 صوت  وفي 9 مارس 1985 تم تزكيته رئيساً لمجلس الأمة للفصل التشريعي السادس وذالك خلال الجلسة الأولى لمجلس الأمة

وكما ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1992 عن الدائرة الحادية عشر، وفاز بالانتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز الأول برصيد 1403 صوت  وفي 20 أكتوبر 1992 انتخب رئيساً لمجلس الأمة للفصل التشريعي السابع بعد حصوله على 46 صوت مقابل 13 صوت لعبدالعزيز العدساني وذالك خلال الجلسة الأولى لمجلس الأمة

وكما ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1996 عن الدائرة الحادية عشر، وفاز بالانتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز الأول برصيد 1262 صوت وفي 20 أكتوبر 1996 انتخب رئيساً لمجلس الأمة للفصل التشريعي الثامن بعد حصوله على 30 صوت مقابل 29 صوت لجاسم الخرافي خلال الجلسة الأولى لمجلس الأمة

وكما ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1999 عن الدائرة الحادية عشر، وفاز بالانتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز الأول برصيد 1440 صوت

وكما ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2003 عن الدائرة الحادية عشر، وفاز بالانتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز الثاني برصيد 1200 صوت

وكما ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2006 عن الدائرة الحادية عشر، وفاز بالانتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز الأول برصيد 4970 صوت

وكما ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2008 عن الدائرة الثالثة، وفاز بالانتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز التاسع برصيد 6105 صوت.

وكما ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2009 عن الدائرة الثالثة وفاز في الأنتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز الثالث برصيد  10,969.

وكما ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي (فبراير 2012) التي تم بطلانها من قبل المحكمة الدستورية عن الدائرة الثالثة وفاز في الأنتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز الخامس برصيد 9950 وفي 15 فبراير 2012 أنتخب رئيساً لمجلس الأمة بعد حصوله على 38 صوت مقابل 26 صوت لمحمد الصقر وذالك خلال الحلسة الأولى للمجلس وشغل المنصب حتى إبطال المجلس في 20 يونيو 2012 حيث قررت المحكمة الدستورية إبطال المجلس وعودة مجلس الأمة 2009 المنحل بقوة الدستور كأن الحل لم يكن وذالك بسبب بطلان مرسوم حل مجلس الأمة 2009 حيث يعتبر مجلس الأمة 2012 دستورياً كأنه لم يكن.

وكما ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة 2022 التي تم بطلانها من قبل المحكمة الدستورية عن الدائرة الثالثة وفاز في الأنتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز الأول برصيد 12,239 وتم تزكيته رئيساً لمجلس الأمة في يوم الثلاثاء 18 أكتوبر 2022 خلال الجلسة الأولى للمجلس وشغل المنصب حتى إبطال المجلس في 19 مارس 2023 حيث قررت المحكمة الدستورية إبطال المجلس وعودة مجلس الأمة 2020 المنحل بقوة الدستور كأن الحل لم يكن وذالك بسبب بطلان مرسوم حل مجلس الأمة 2020 حيث يعتبر مجلس الأمة 2022 دستورياً كأنه لم يكن.

وكما ترشح لانتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2023 وفاز في الانتخابات بعد حصوله على المركز الثاني برصيد 6,325 صوت، وفي يوم الثلاثاء 20 يونيو 2023 تم تزكيته رئيساً لمجلس الأمة خلال الجلسة الأولى للمجلس.

بعض مواقفه في مجلس الأمة

ترتيبه في انتخابات مجلس الأمة

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أصحاب أعمال في مجال العقارات
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1975
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1981
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1985
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1992
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1996
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1999
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2003
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2006
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2008
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2009
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2022
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2023
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي فبراير 2012
رؤساء الاتحاد الكويتي لكرة القدم
رؤساء مجلس الأمة الكويتي
سياسيو كتلة العمل الشعبي
شخصيات أعمال كويتيون في عقارات
مواليد 1353 هـ
مواليد 1934
مواليد في مدينة الكويت

أحمد السعدون


El topónimo Sandhurst puede hacer referencia a varios lugares de Inglaterra:

 Sandhurst, una parroquia civil y una villa en el condado de Berkshire.
 Sandhurst, una parroquia civil y un pueblo en el condado de Gloucestershire.
 Sandhurst, una parroquia civil y un pueblo en el condado de Kent.

También puede referirse a:

 La Real Academia de Sandhurst, la academia de oficiales del ejército británico, en Sandhurst, Berkshire.

Sandhurst


Herminia Pasantes Ordóñez, también conocida como Herminia Pasantes Morales (Ciudad de México, 1936) es una bióloga, investigadora, catedrática y académica mexicana. Se ha especializado en Fisiología es bióloga por la UNAM y doctora en ciencias por la universidad de Estrasburgo, Francia. En 2001 fue reconocida con el Premio Nacional De Ciencias y Artes y Actualmente es investigadora emérita en el Instituto de fisiología Celular de la UNAM, donde estudia las psicopatologías en neuronas y células gliales, sobresaliendo sus investigaciones de los mecanismos moleculares del edema cerebral. Hasta 2018 su proyecto principal tiene como objetivo investigar los mecanismos celulares y moleculares de los cambios volumétricos en situaciones experimentales que simulan los que ocurren durante una serie de neuropatologías como epilepsias, isquemia, hipoglucemia, encefalopatía hepática o traumatismo craneoencefálico.

Vida académica
Cursó la licenciatura de Biología en la Facultad de Ciencias, así como una maestría de Bioquímica en la Facultad de Química de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Viajó a Francia para obtener un doctorado en Ciencias en la Universidad de Estrasburgo.
Ha impartido cátedra de Bioquímica y Neurobiología en su alma máter, en la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria, así como en otras universidades de México y Latinoamérica. Miembro del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores nivel III, teniendo actualmente la distinción de investigadora Emérita. Es miembro del Consejo Consultivo de Ciencias de la Presidencia de la República y del Seminario de Cultura Mexicana.

Ha formado parte de los comités editoriales de las revistas de la Universidad Brandeis, de la Universidad de California y de la Universidad Estatal de Nueva York. Ha trabajado en la investigación durante más cincuenta años, colaborando primordialmente para el Instituto de Fisiología Celular de la UNAM (desde 1990) y ocasionalmente para el centro de neuroquímica del Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), el laboratorio de bioquímica de la Universidad de París VI Pierre et Marie Curie y el departamento de desarrollo humano del New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities.

Uso, cultivo y consumo de marihuana
La Dra. Pasantes ha dedicado parte de sus estudios a diferentes drogas. Durante la conferencia  El cerebro de los límites de la libertad expuso que "las decisiones están determinadas por el entorno; las tomamos influenciados de manera importante por lo que nos ha pasado, lo que hemos vivido y lo que se ha almacenado en el cerebro como memoria... No obstante, la libertad de tomar una decisión se pierde cuando nos volvemos esclavos del cerebro. Las adicciones a las drogas, al alcohol, al juego, al trabajo o al sexo son un atentado contra esa libertad el cerebro nos hace dependientes cuando hay una adicción".

También ha aclarado estar en contra del uso de las drogas, pero a diferencia de la inhalantes, a los que se les pone poca atención y causan muerte cerebral o las anfetaminas y cocaína que sí causan efectos sobra la conducta, la marihuana no tiene efectos de daño al cerebro. Para ella lo importante es que el Estado informe sobre lo que puede suceder con las diferentes drogas. "En niños y adolescentes sí está documentado que tiene algunos efectos de reducción de capacidad cognoscitiva, pero en adultos no. La marihuana la considero mucho menos nociva que el alcohol o el tabaco"

Debido a esto, en julio de 2015 junto con los investigadores Luis Alonso Lemus y Francisco Fernández de Miguel solicitaron ante la COFEPRIS un permiso para sembrar y usar marihuana. Sin embargo les fue negado. En noviembre de ese mismo año interpusieron un amparo para el uso, cultivo y consumo de marihuana con el fin de sentar jurisprudencia m México sobre el tema. "No acepto que el estado me diga 'no puedes consumir esto porque te hace daño', lo que sí debe es informarme con todo detalle que esa sustancia perjudicara mi salud y que riesgos corro si elijo consumirla", declaró al periódico El Universal

Premios y distinciones
 Premio Universidad Nacional en Ciencias Naturales por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en 1991.
 Premio Juchimán de Plata en 2008.
 Premio Nacional María Lavalle Urbina.
 Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes en el área de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas y Naturales en 2001.
 Investigadora Emérita del Instituto de Fisiología Celular de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
 Investigadora Nacional de Excelencia por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Conacyt) de México.
 Miembro del Seminario de Cultura Mexicana.

Publicaciones destacadas
 De neuronas, emociones y motivaciones / Fondo de Cultura Económica / La Ciencia Para Todos, 158 / 1.ª edición 1985, 2.ª edición 2013
 Vida y muerte del cerebro/ UNAM / video curso: Grandes Maestros UNAM / 2013
 Acuaporinas y edema cerebral/ Revista de Educación Bioquímica 2009; 28 (4)
 Marihuana, cerebro y sociedad / Revista C2: Ciencia y cultura
Además cuenta con más de 50 artículos publicados en revistas científicas especializadas entre 2001 y 2018

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Ciudad de México
Fisiólogos de México
Alumnado de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes (México)
Investigadores del Instituto de Fisiología Celular
Biólogas de México
Alumnado de la Facultad de Química de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Herminia Pasantes


Natura 2000-område nr. 92 Pamhule Skov og Stevning Dam er et Natura 2000-område der består af habitatområdet H81, og fuglebeskyttelsesområde F57 og er på 1.091 hektar, hvoraf de 590 ha er statsejet. Området er den indre del af Haderslev Tunneldal, en stor tunneldal med meget markante sidedale, som løber ca. 25 km øst-vest fra Lillebælt til Vojens. Natura 2000-området er beliggende i Haderslev Kommune og går mod øst til Haderslev Dam. Området hører under Vandplan 1.11 Lillebælt/Jylland.

Beskrivelse
Området er domineret af skovområder med indslag af vandflader, enge, overdrev og dyrkede arealer. Pamhule Skov, der er en af de største skove i området, er oprindelig løvskov, hvilket stadig dominerer. Skovene drives med plukhugst og græsning eller forbliver urørt i henhold til naturskovsstrategien. Der findes mindre arealer med surt overdrev og rigkær. Største søer er Stevning Dam og Hindemade der er forbundet med Tørning Å samt Pamhule Sø. Hindemade blev afvandet og opdyrket i 1935, men i 1994 genoprettet som lavvandet sø og eng. Pamhule Sø er beliggende i et dødishul omgivet af bakket terræn ca. 1,5 km syd for Haderslev Dam. Naturstyrelsen har udpeget Pamhule Skovene som et af landets 14 særlige områder for naturskov.

Størstedelen af arealet med rigkær (7230) samt alle forekomster med surt overdrev (6230) er i moderat eller ringe naturtilstand. På nogle forekomster skyldes dette tilgroning som følge af manglende pleje. På andre forekomster skyldes det, at de for naturtypen karakteristiske arter, er dårligt repræsenteret. Natura 2000-indsatsen overvåges i forhold til udpegningsgrundlaget og naturværdiernes tilstand via det nationale overvågningsprogram NOVANA, som Miljø- og Fødevareministeriet er ansvarlig for.

Se også
 Internationale naturbeskyttelsesområder i Danmark
 Naturtyper i Danmark

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

 Naturplanen
 Basisanalysen 2016-21

Natura 2000-planer
Fuglebeskyttelsesområder i Danmark
Lokaliteter i Haderslev Kommune
EU-habitatområder i Danmark


Jack Elam (n. 13 noiembrie 1920, Miami, SUA - d. 20 octombrie 2003, Ashland, SUA) a fost un  american.

Biografie

Filmografie selectivă)

Cinema
 1949 Wild Weed, regia Sam Newfield
 1950 La frusta di fuoco (The Sundowners), regia George Templeton
 1950 La figlia dello sceriffo (A Ticket to Tomahawk), regia Richard Sale
 1950 I guerriglieri delle Filippine (American Guerrilla in the Philippines), regia Fritz Lang
 1950 Bandito senza colpa (High Lonesome), regia Alan Le May
 1950 Romantico avventuriero (The Gunfighter), regia Henry King
 1950 The Texan Meets Calamity Jane, regia Ande Lamb
 1951 L'uccello di Paradiso (Bird of Paradis), regia Delmer Daves
 1951 L'uomo dell'est (Rawhide), regia Henry Hathaway
 1951 La jena del Missouri (The Bushwhackers), regia Rod Amateau
 1952  La amiază (High Noon), regia Fred Zinnemann
 1952 Kociss, l'eroe indiano (The Battle at Apache Pass), regia George Sherman
 1952 Giustizia di popolo (Montana Territory), regia Ray Nazarro
 1952 Prigionieri della palude (Lure of the Wildernness), regia Jean Negulesco
 1952 Il quarto uomo (Kansas City Confidential), regia Phil Karlson
 1952 Il mio uomo (My Man and I), regia William A. Wellman
 1952 Rancho Notorious, regia Fritz Lang
 1953 Le ore sono contate (Count the Hours), regia Don Siegel
 1953 Ferma lui Cameron (Ride Vaquero!), regia John Farrow
 1953 Mani in alto! (Gun Belt), regia Ray Nazarro
 1953 Notturno selvaggio (The Moonlighter), regia Roy Rowland
 1953 I ribelli dell'Honduras (Appointment in Honduras), regia Jacques Tourneur
 1954 La grande carovana (Jubilee Trail), regia Joseph Kane
 1954 La principessa del Nilo (Princess of the Nile), regia Harmon Jones
 1954 Țara îndepărtată (The Far Country), regia Anthony Mann
 1954 Vera Cruz, regia Robert Aldrich
 1954 La regina del Far West (Cattle Queen of Montana), regia Allan Dwan
 1954 La mano vendicatrice (Ride Clear of Diablo), regia Jesse Hibbs
 1955 Tarzan e la giungla proibita (Tarzan's Hidden Jungle), regia Harold D. Schuster
 1955 Kiss Me Deadly (Kiss Me Deadly), regia Robert Aldrich
 1955 L'uomo senza paura (Man Without a Star), regia King Vidor
 1955 Wichita, regia Jacques Tourneur
 1955 Omul din Laramie (The Man from Laramie), regia Anthony Mann
 1955 Il covo dei contrabbandieri (Moonfleet), regia Fritz Lang
 1955 Kismet (Kismet), regia Vincente Minnelli
 1955 Artists and Models (Artists and Models), regia Frank Tashlin
 1956 Vento di terre lontane (Jubal), regia Delmer Daves
 1956 Pardners (Pardners), regia Norman Taurog
 1956 Duello al Passo Indio (Thunder Over Arizona), regia Joseph Kane
 1957 Massacro ai grandi pozzi (Dragoon Wells Massacre), regia Harold D. Schuster
 1957 La palude maledetta (Lure of the Swamp), regia Hubert Cornfield
 1957 Rafuială la O.K. Corral (Gunfight at the OK Corral), regia John Sturges
 1957 Passaggio di notte (Night Passage), regia James Neilson
 1957 Faccia d'angelo (Baby Face Nelson), regia Don Siegel
 1958 Agguato nei Caraibi (The Gun Runners), regia Don Siegel
 1959 Sull'orlo dell'abisso (Edge of the Eternity), regia Don Siegel
 1960 The Girl in Lovers Lane, regia Charles R. Rondeau
 1961 Angeli con la pistola (Pocketful of Miracles), regia Frank Capra
 1961 I comanceros (The Comancheros), regia Michael Curtiz
 1961 L'occhio caldo del cielo (The Last Sunset), regia Robert Aldrich
 1963 Patru pentru Texas (4 for Texas), regia Robert Aldrich
 1966 La valle dell'orso (The Night of the Grizzly), regia Joseph Pevney
 1966 Rancho Bravo (The Rare Breed), regia Andrew V. McLaglen
 1967 Drumul spre vest (The Way West), regia Andrew V. McLaglen
 1968 Sfida oltre il fiume rosso (The Last Challenge), regia Richard Thorpe
 1968 L'ora della furia (Firecreek), regia Vincent McEveety
 1968 L'incredibile furto di Mr. Girasole (Never a Dull Moment), regia Jerry Paris
 1968  A fost odată în vest (Once Upon a Time in the West/C'era una volta il West), regia Sergio Leone
 1968 Sartana non perdona (Sonora), regia Alfonso Balcázar
 1969 The Over-the-Hill Gang, regia Jean Yarbrough - film tv
 1969 Sprijiniți-l pe șerif! (Support Your Local Sheriff!), regia Burt Kennedy
 1970 Dingus, quello sporco individuo (Dirty Dingus Magee), regia Burt Kennedy
 1970 Cockeyed Cowboys of Calico County, regia Anton Leader, Ranald MacDougall
 1970 Rio Lobo, regia Howard Hawks
 1970 Țara sălbatică (The Wild Country), regia Robert Totten
 1971 Latigo (Support your Local Gunfighter), regia Burt Kennedy
 1971 Il suo nome è qualcuno (The Last Rebel), regia Denis Mc Coy
 1971 La texana e i fratelli Penitenza (Hannie Caulder), regia Burt Kennedy
 1973 Căluțul roib (The Red Pony), regia Robert Totten
 1973 Pat Garrett și Billy Kid (Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid), regia Sam Peckinpah
 1976 Hawmps!, regia Joe Camp
 1977 Aquila Grigia il grande capo dei Cheyenne (Grayeagle), regia Charles B. Pierce
 1978 Teste calde e tanta fifa (Hot Lead and Cold Feet), regia Robert Butler
 1975 La banda delle frittelle di mele 2 (The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again), regia Vincent McEveety
 1979 Cactus Jack (The Villain), regia Hal Needham
 1981 La corsa più pazza d'America (The Cannonball Run), regia Hal Needham
 1982 Un giocatore troppo fortunato (Jinxed!), regia Don Siegel
 1983 Sacred Ground, regia Charles B. Pierce
 1984 La corsa più pazza d'America n. 2 (Cannonball Run II), regia Hal Needham
 1986 The Aurora Encounter (The Aurora Encounter), regia Jim McCollough Sr.
 1988 Once Upon a Texas Train, regia Burt Kennedy
 1988 Where The Hell's That Gold?, regia Burt Kennedy
 1990 Big Bad John, regia Burt Kennedy
 1991 Cose dell'altro mondo (Suburban Commando), regia Burt Kennedy
 1992 Shadow Force, regia Ken Lamkin
 1993 Uninvited, regia Michael Derek Bohusz

Televiziune

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1920
Decese în 2003
Nașteri pe 13 noiembrie
Decese pe 20 octombrie
Actori americani

Jack Elam


أييوس بيتروس (Άγιος Πέτρος) هي مدينة في أركاديا في مقاطعة كينتريكي إلادا في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 675   نسمة.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في أركاديا
مدن اليونان

أييوس بيتروس (أركاديا)


Dan getur átt við eftirfarandi:
 Dan Aykroyd
 Dan Calichman
 Stefán Dan Óskarsson
 Valgerður Dan
 Dan Burn
 Dan Quayle
 Dan Mintz

Sjá einnig
 Dan
 DAN (aðgreiningarsíða)
Ættarnöfn
Mannanöfn

Dan (aðgreining)