José María Aragón Foureaux, conocido artísticamente como «Pompoff» (Francia, 11 de marzo de 1887-Madrid, 3 de febrero de 1970) fue un payaso español, junto a sus hermanos Pompoff, Thedy y Emig.

Biografía
Parte de la familia de artistas Aragón. Hijo del también payaso Gabriel Aragón Gómez, que había formado pareja con Arturo, su hermano, en 1909, formó una nueva pareja cómica con otro de sus hermanos, Teodoro. La iniciativa no duró por el rechazo del público.

Aragón se convirtió en empresario circense y recorrió Marruecos con sus espectáculos. Cuando su hermano Thedy regresó de América, en 1913 intentaron de nuevo convertirse en payasos, adoptaron el nombre, primero de Hermanos Aragón y poco después, definitivamente, Pompoff y Thedy.

El dúo duró más de 50 años. En la década de los años 1920 se convirtió en trío con la incorporación de Emilio «Emig», otro de sus hermanos. Ya en la década de los años 1930, se unió a los hermanos, el hijo de Aragón, José Aragón Hipkins «Nabuconodosorcito» y su sobrino Emilio «Zampabollos».

Pasaron 15 años triunfando en Estados Unidos, regresaron definitivamente en 1967. Aragón se retiró ese mismo año con una función en el Circo Price de Plaza del Rey en Madrid.

Fue tío de los payasos Gaby, Fofó y Miliki.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Payasos de España
Aragón (familia)
Fallecidos en Madrid

José María Aragón Foureaux


Fritz van Briessen (* 16. Juli 1906 in Colmar; † 1987) war ein deutscher Schriftsteller und Diplomat. Von 1961 bis 1962 war er deutscher Botschafter in Japan.

Leben
Fritz van Briessen war von 1940 bis 1949 Korrespondent der Kölnischen Zeitung in China. Zwischen 1955 und 1963 war er für das Auswärtige Amt in Japan tätig. In den 1970er Jahren war er Vorsitzender der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ostasienkunde.

Ehrungen
 1972: Verdienstkreuz 1. Klasse der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Literatur
 Barbara Schmitt-Englert: Deutsche in China 1920-1950: Alltagsleben und Veränderungen. Gossenberg: Ostasien Verlag, 2012. ISBN 978-3-940527-50-9. S. 15
 Briessen, Fritz van: Shanghai-Bildzeitung 1884-1898. Eine Illustrierte aus dem China des ausgehenden 19. Jahrhunderts. Zürich, Atlantis 1977.

Deutscher Botschafter in Japan
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes 1. Klasse
Deutscher
Geboren 1906
Gestorben 1987
Mann

Fritz van Briessen


Det russiske statsbibliotek (, ) i Moskva er et af Ruslands statsbiblioteker. Det er et af verden største biblioteker.

Fra 1925 til 1992 hed biblioteket Det russiske statsbibliotek "V. I. Lenin statsbibliotek i USSR", hvorefter det fik sit nuværende navn Det russiske statsbibliotek.

Biblioteket blev grundlagt 1. juli 1862 som Moskvas første frie offentlige bibliotek under navnet "Moskvas offentlige museums bibliotek og Rumjantsev museet" eller "Rumjantsev biblioteket" og med tilnavnet "Leninka". Af de to museer, som biblioteket oprindelig var tilknyttet, indgik Rumjantsev museet i Pasjkov huset som en del af Moskvas første offentlige museum, med kunstsamlinger tilhørende den russiske statsmand og mæcen Nikolaj Petrovitj Rumjantsev (1754-1826), som tidligere var overdraget til det russiske folk og overført fra Sankt Petersborg til Moskva.

Efter den politiske og samfundsmæssige stabilisering i kølvandet på Oktoberrevolutionen i 1917 voksede antallet af inddragede værker, hvorefter konstruktionen af det nuværende bygningskompleks blev indledt fra 1927-1929, baseret på design og tegninger af de to neoklassiske arkitekter Vladimir Sjtjuko og Vladimir Gelfrejkh. Første etape blev færdiggjort i 1941, efterfulgt af bibliotekets store læsesal i 1945 samt flere efterfølgende tilføjelser frem til den endelige færdiggørelse i 1960. Herefter nåede biblioteket sin fulde kapacitet i 1968, hvorefter den videre udvidelse af biblioteket blev sikret ved etablering af supplerende arkiver, der blev opført i Moskva-forstaden Khimki fra omkring 1975.

Biblioteket indeholdt (pr. 2012) mere end 275 km hyldeplads med flere end 43 millioner genstande, deriblandt over 17 millioner bøger, 13 millioner tidsskrifter, 373.000 musikalske værker og nodesamlinger, 151.700 landkort samt i tusindvis af andre typer arkivalier. Skønt hovedparten er på russisk, findes der værker på 247 forskellige sprog, og værker på diverse fremmedsprog repræsenterer omkring 29% af samlingerne.

Referencer

Se også
 Det russiske nationalbibliotek () - russisk nationalbibliotek i Sankt Petersborg
 Boris Jeltsins Præsidentbibliotek () - russisk bibliotek i Sankt Petersborg

Eksterne henvisninger

 Officiel hjemmeside for Det russiske statsbibliotek  /
 Officiel hjemmeside for "Leninka", Det russiske statsbibliotek

Nationalbiblioteker
Biblioteker i Rusland
Statsbibliotek
Moskva

Det russiske statsbibliotek


Domorodački narodi, starosjedilački narodi ili autohtoni narodi etničke su skupine koje su izvorni stanovnici određenoga područja, za razliku od skupina koje su naknadno naseljavale, okupirale ili kolonizirale prostor.

Etničke skupine obično se opisuju kao domorodačke kada održavaju tradiciju ili druge aspekte rane kulture koja je povezana s određenim područjem. Nemaju svi domorodački narodi posebne karakteristike, ponekad su se usvojili elemente kolonizacijske kulture, kao što su: odjeća, religija ili jezik. Starosjedilački narodi mogu se naseliti u određenoj regiji (sjedilački način života) ili imaju nomadski stil života na velikom teritoriju, ali su općenito povijesno povezani s određenim područjem o kojem ovise. Domorodačka društva nalaze se u svakoj naseljenoj klimatskoj zoni i na svim kontinentima svijeta.

Budući da se domorodačko stanovništvo često suočava s prijetnjama svome suverenitetu, ekonomskom blagostanju i pristupu sredstvima o kojima ovisi njihova kultura, u sklopu međunarodnoga prava međunarodne organizacije kao što su: Ujedinjeni narodi, Međunarodna organizacija rada i Svjetska banka. objavili su Deklaraciju o pravima domorodačkih naroda (UNDRIP) kao što su: kultura, identitet, jezik i pristup zapošljavanju, zdravstvu, obrazovanju i prirodnim resursima. Procjene su da ukupna populacija domorodačkih naroda iznosi između 220 milijuna i 350 milijuna ljudi.

Međunarodni dan domorodačkih naroda svijeta obilježava se 9. kolovoza svake godine.

Izvori

Narodi

Domorodački narodi


This is a timeline of architecture, indexing the individual year in architecture pages.  Notable events in architecture and related disciplines including structural engineering, landscape architecture, and city planning. One significant architectural achievement is listed for each year.

Articles for each year (in bold text, below) are summarized here with a significant event as a reference point.

2020s
2026 – The Sagrada Família is expected to be finished.
2021 – Central Park Tower in New York City, the tallest residential building in the world, is completed.

2020 – Torres Obispado in Monterrey, Mexico the tallest skyscraper in Latin America, completed.

2010s
2019 – Notre-Dame fire
2017 – Apple's new headquarters Apple Park, designed by Norman Foster, opened in Cupertino, California.
2016 – MahaNakhon opens in Bangkok, Zaha Hadid dies.
2015 – Shanghai Tower in Shanghai, the tallest building in China and the second-tallest building in the world, gets completed, Charles Correa dies.
2014 – One World Trade Center opens in New York City.
2013 – Gran Torre Santiago is completed in Santiago.
2012 – The Tokyo Skytree opens in Tokyo, The Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park is open in London for the 2012 Summer Olympics, Oscar Niemeyer dies.
2011 – Al Hamra Tower, the tallest skyscraper in Kuwait, is completed.
2010 – Burj Khalifa became the tallest man-made structure in the world, at .

2000s
2009 – CityCenter opens on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. This project is the largest privately funded construction project in the history of the United States.
2008 – "Water Cube", "Bird's Nest", South railway station, and other buildings in Beijing, completed for the 2008 Summer Olympics.
2007 – Tarald Lundevall completes the Oslo Opera House in Oslo, Norway.
2006 – Construction begins on the Freedom Tower, on the site of the former World Trade Center.
2005 – Casa da Música opens in Porto, Portugal, designed by the Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas with Office for Metropolitan Architecture.
2004 – 30 St Mary Axe (also known as "the Gherkin" and the Swiss Re Building), designed by Norman Foster, completed in the City of London.
2003 – Taipei 101, designed by C.Y. Lee & Partners the world's tallest building from 2004 to 2010 is topped out.
2002 – Simmons Hall dormitory, designed by architect Steven Holl, completed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
2001 – Jewish Museum Berlin designed by Daniel Libeskind opens to the public.
2000 – The Emirates Towers are both completed in Dubai, The London Eye is open in London.

1990s
1999 – Jewish Museum Berlin, designed by Daniel Libeskind is completed.
1998 – Petronas Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, designed by César Pelli completed (world tallest building 1998–2004). Kiasma Museum of Contemporary Art by Steven Holl opens to public.
1997 – Guggenheim Museum Bilbao designed by Frank Gehry. Sky Tower (Auckland) completed.
1996 – Oscar Niemeyer completes the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum in Brazil.
1996 – Aronoff Center for Design and Art, University of Cincinnati completed by Peter Eisenman.
1995 – Steven Holl Architects begin construction of St. Ignatius Chapel at Seattle University.
1994 – Building of the Basel Signal Box by Herzog and de Meuron
1993 – The Umeda Sky Building in Osaka City, Japan is completed.
1992 – The Bank of America Corporate Center in Charlotte, North Carolina is completed.
1991 – Stansted Airport terminal building in Essex, England, designed by Norman Foster, is completed.
1990 – Frederick Weisman Museum of Art, University of Minnesota completed by Frank Gehry.

1980s
1989 – I. M. Pei's pyramid addition to the Louvre is opened.
1988 – MOMA Exhibition called Deconstructivist architecture opens.
1987 – The Riga Radio & TV Tower in Riga, Latvia is completed.
1986 – The Lloyd's Building in London, designed by Richard Rogers, is completed.
1985 – The HSBC Headquarters Building in Hong Kong, China by Norman Foster, is completed.
1984 – Philip Johnson's AT&T Building opens in New York City
1983 – Xanadu House in Kissimmee opened.
1982 – Design competition is held for the Parc de la Villette in Paris.
1981 – Richard Serra installs Tilted Arc in the Federal Plaza in New York City. The sculpture is removed in 1989.
1980 – Santa Monica Place constructed by Frank Gehry.

1970s
1979 – Charles Moore designs the Piazza d'Italia in New Orleans.
1978 – United Nations City in Vienna, Austria is completed.
1977 –  The Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, designed by Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers and Gianfranco Franchini, is opened.
1976 – The Barbican Estate, designed by Chamberlin, Powell and Bon, opens in the City of London.
1976 – The CN Tower in Toronto opens as the tallest freestanding structure on land.
1975 – Completion of the Seoul Tower in Seoul, South Korea.
1974 – National Assembly Building in Dhaka, Bangladesh is completed.
1973 – The World Trade Center towers, designed by Minoru Yamasaki, are opened in New York.
1972 – The Transamerica Pyramid in San Francisco, California, designed by William Pereira, is completed.
1971 – Rothko Chapel in Houston, Texas, designed by Mark Rothko and Philip Johnson is completed.
1970 – Construction begins on the Sears Tower in Chicago, designed by Bruce Graham and Fazlur Khan (of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill).

1960s
1969 – Fernsehturm Berlin opens. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius die.
1968 – Mies van der Rohe's New National Gallery in Berlin finished.
1967 – Expo 67 in Montreal features the American pavilion, a geodesic dome designed by Buckminster Fuller, and the Habitat 67 housing complex designed by Moshe Safdie.
1966 – The Gateway Arch by Eero Saarinen is finished in St. Louis, Missouri.
1965 – NASA's Cape Canaveral VAB, the Niagara Skylon Tower, Philadelphia's LOVE Park, the Tel Aviv Shalom Meir tower and the Salk Institute all open.
1964 – The Unisphere heads New York World's Fair.
1963 – The Palace of Assembly at Chandigarh, India, is finished.
1962 – Orinda Orinda House & by Charles W. Moore is completed.
1962 – Seattle Space Needle & TWA Terminal by Saarinen at JFK are opened.
1961 – Louis Kahn finishes the Richards Medical Building at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
1960 – Lucio Costa & Oscar Niemeyer plan buildings of Brasilia, new capital of Brazil. The Television Centre for the BBC is opened in London.

1950s
1959 – Frank Lloyd Wright's Guggenheim Museum in New York City is finished after 16 years of work on the project.
1958 – The Seagram Building in New York designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson is completed.
1957 – The Interbau 57 exposition in Berlin features structures by Alvar Aalto, Walter Gropius and his The Architects' Collaborative (TAC), and an unité by Le Corbusier.
1956 – Crown Hall at the Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, designed by Mies van der Rohe, is finished.
1955 – Completion of Le Corbusier's Notre Dame du Haut chapel at Ronchamp, France and Disneyland (the world's first theme park) in Anaheim, California.
1954 – Louis Kahn finishes his Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, Connecticut, US.
1953 – Completion of the United Nations Headquarters in New York by a design team headed by Wallace Harrison and Max Abramowitz.
1952 – Le Corbusier completes his Unité d'Habitation in Marseilles.
1951 – Mies van der Rohe's Lake Shore Drive Apartments completed in Chicago.
1950 – Eames House completed in Santa Monica, California, designed by Charles and Ray Eames.

1940s
1949 – Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut designed by Philip Johnson.
1948 – Pietro Belluschi completes the Equitable Building in Portland, Oregon.
1947 – Alvar Aalto builds the Baker House dormitories at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
1946 – Le Corbusier draws up plans for La Rochelle-La Pallice, while his efforts to redesign Saint-Dié-des-Vosges (both cities in France) are foiled.
1945 – John Entenza launches the Case Study Houses Program through his post as editor of Arts & Architecture magazine.
1944 – Frank Lloyd Wright builds the research tower for his Johnson Wax Headquarters in Racine, Wisconsin.
1943 – Oscar Niemeyer completes his Pampulha project in Brazil.
1942 – Vichy rejects Le Corbusier's Obus E plan for Algiers.
1941 – Australian War Memorial in Canberra, Australia, completed.
1940 – Peter Behrens dies.

1930s
1939 – The 1939 World's Fair in New York includes the Finnish Pavilion by Alvar Aalto and the Brazilian Pavilion by Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer.
1938 – Frank Lloyd Wright purchases  of land 26 miles away from Phoenix, and begins to build Taliesin West, his winter home, in Scottsdale, Arizona, US
1937 – Wright completes his house Fallingwater, at Bear Run, Pennsylvania.
1936 – Frank Lloyd Wright designs his monumental inward-looking Johnson Wax Headquarters in Racine, Wisconsin, US.
1935 – Cass Gilbert's United States Supreme Court Building is posthumously finished.
1934 – Frank Lloyd Wright draws up plans for his Broadacre City, a decentralized urban metropolis.
1933 – The Bauhaus closes under Nazi pressure.
1932 – The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York holds its exhibition on modern architecture, coining the term "International Style."
1931 – The Empire State Building, designed by Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, becomes the tallest building in the world.
1930 – William Van Alen completes the Chrysler Building, an Art Deco skyscraper in New York City, US.

1920s
1929 – Barcelona Pavilion designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
1929 – Villa Savoye designed by Le Corbusier.
1928 – Hector Guimard builds his last house in Paris.
1927 – The Weissenhof Estate, an exhibition of apartment houses designed by leading modern architects, held at Stuttgart, Germany.
1926 – Bauhaus Dessau building, designed by Walter Gropius, opened. Antoni Gaudí and Louis Majorelle die.
1925 – Government House of Thailand, in Bangkok, opened
1924 – Gerrit Rietveld completes the Schröder House in Utrecht.
1923 – Le Corbusier publishes Vers une architecture (Toward an Architecture), a summary of his ideas.
1922 – Monument to the Third International designed by Vladimir Tatlin (unbuilt).
1921 – Frank Lloyd Wright completes his Hollyhock House for Aline Barnsdall in Los Angeles, begun in 1917.
1920 – The Einstein Tower in Potsdam, designed by Erich Mendelsohn, is completed.

1910s
1919 – Bauhaus design school founded in Weimar, Germany
1918 – Birth of Jørn Utzon, designer of the Sydney Opera House.
1917 – Georges Biet's Art Nouveau house and apartment building in Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle is severely damaged by combat shells, but will be rebuilt nearly exactly as before in 1922.
1916 – De Stijl movement founded in the Netherlands.
1915 – Le Corbusier completes studies for his Dom-ino Houses.
1914 – Walter Gropius designs his Fagus Factory.
1913 – Cass Gilbert completes the Woolworth Building in New York.
1912 – Frank Lloyd Wright begins work on the Avery Coonley Playhouse, Riverside, Illinois.
1911 – Josef Hoffmann completes the Palais Stoclet in Brussels.
1910 – Gaudí finishes the Casa Milà in Barcelona.

1900s
1909 – Frank Lloyd Wright completes the Robie House near Chicago.
1908 – Adolf Loos publishes his essay "Ornament and Crime".
1907 – Gaudí completes the Casa Batlló in Barcelona.
1906 – Lucien Weissenburger completes his own house, a striking example of the Art Nouveau style in Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle.
1905 – Wright designs Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois.
1904 – Otto Wagner completes his Post Office Savings Bank Building in Vienna.
1903 – Josef Hoffmann finishes the Moser House in Vienna.
1902 – Otto Wagner's Viennese Stadtbahn railway system is completed.
1901 – John McArthur, Jr., completes the Second Empire-style Philadelphia City Hall, the world's tallest masonry building.
1900 – The Gare d'Orsay, later the famous Musée d'Orsay, is built in Paris by Victor Laloux.

1890s
1899 – Hector Guimard is commissioned to design the edicules for the Paris Métropolitain, which have become a hallmark of Art Nouveau design.
1898 – Victor Horta designs his own house, later the Horta Museum.
1897 – Hendrik Berlage designs his Amsterdam Stock Exchange.
1896 – Eugène Vallin completes his own house and studio in Nancy (France), which is the first of many Art Nouveau structures built there by the members of the  École de Nancy.
1895 – The Biltmore Estate, the largest house in the US, is completed for the Vanderbilt family in Asheville, North Carolina.
1894 – Louis Sullivan builds the Guaranty Building in Buffalo, NY, US.
1893 – Victor Horta builds what is widely considered the first full-fledged Art Nouveau structure, the Hôtel Tassel, in Brussels.
1892 – Birth of Modernist architect Richard Neutra.
1891 – Louis Sullivan completes his Wainwright Building in Saint Louis.
1890 – Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler build the Auditorium Building in Chicago.

1880s
1889 – The 1889 Paris exhibition showcases some of the new technologies of iron, steel, and glass, including the Eiffel Tower.
1888 – The Exposición Universal de Barcelona (1888) displays many buildings by Lluís Domènech i Montaner and other Catalan architects.
1887 – H. H. Richardson's Marshall Field Store in Chicago is completed.
1886 – Birth of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
1885 – William Le Baron Jenney builds the first metal-frame skyscraper, the Home Insurance Building, in Chicago.
1884 – Gaudí is given the commission for the Sagrada Família church in Barcelona, which he will work on until 1926.
1883 – Antoni Gaudí completes his Casa Vicens in Barcelona.
1881 – The Natural History Museum in London opens.
1880 – Cologne Cathedral is finally completed after 632 years.

1870s
1879 – Louis Sullivan joins Dankmar Adler's firm in Chicago.
1878 – Work begins on the Herrenchiemsee in Bavaria, designed by Georg Dollman. Death of Sir George Gilbert Scott.
1877 – St Pancras railway station in London, by Sir George Gilbert Scott, is completed.
1876 – Construction is finished on the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, designed by Gottfried Semper.
1875 – The Opéra Garnier is completed in Paris.
1874 – Completion of the California State Capitol in Sacramento, California.
1873 – Scots' Church in Melbourne, Australia is finished.
1872 – The Albert Memorial in London, designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott, is opened.
1871 – The Great Chicago Fire destroys most of the city, sparking a building boom there; The Royal Albert Hall is completed in London.
1870 – Birth of Adolf Loos.

1860s
1869 – Birth of Georges Biet.
1868 – Birth of Peter Behrens and Charles Rennie Mackintosh.
1868 – The Gyeongbokgung of Korea is reconstructed.
1867 – Birth of Frank Lloyd Wright. William Le Baron Jenney opens his architectural practice in Chicago.
1866 – Completion of the St Pancras Hotel in London by Sir George Gilbert Scott.
1865 – Birth of French architect Paul Charbonnier.
1864 – Birth of French Art Nouveau architect Jules Lavirotte.
1863 – United States Capitol building dome in Washington, D.C., is completed.
1862 – Construction begins on Henri Labrouste's reading room at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (site Richelieu).
1861 – Birth of Victor Horta.
1860 – Construction on Longwood, the largest octagonal residence in the US, is begun in Natchez, Mississippi.

1850s
1859 – Birth of Louis Majorelle and Cass Gilbert.
1858 – The competition to design Central Park in New York is won by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux.
1857 – Founding of the American Institute of Architects.
1856 – Louis Sullivan and Eugène Vallin are born.
1855 – The Palais d'Industrie is built for the World's Fair in Paris.
1854 –
1853 – Baron Haussmann becomes prefect of the Seine  and begins his vast urban renovations of Paris.
1852 – Birth of Antoni Gaudí.
1851 – The Crystal Palace designed by Joseph Paxton.
1850 – Lluis Domènech í Montaner and John W. Root are born.

1840s
1849 – John Ruskin's The Seven Lamps of Architecture is published.
1848 – Construction begins on the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C., though it will not be completed until 1885.
1847 – 24 August, birth of Charles Follen McKim (died 1909).
1846 – 4 September, birth of Daniel Burnham of the firm Burnham and Root.
1845 – Trafalgar Square in London, designed by Charles Barry and John Nash, is completed.
1844 – Uspensky Cathedral in Kharkiv, Ukraine is completed.
1843 – Construction begins on Henri Labrouste's Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève in Paris.
1842 – The Église de la Madeleine is finally consecrated in Paris as a church.
1841 – Birth of Otto Wagner.
1840 – Construction begins on the Houses of Parliament in London, designed by Sir Charles Barry and Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin.

1830s
1839 – Birth of Frank Furness in Philadelphia.
1838 – Rideau Hall is built by Scottish architect Thomas McKay.
1837 – The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is founded.
1836 – A.W.N. Pugin publishes his Contrasts, a treatise on the morality of Catholic, Gothic architecture.
1835 – The New Orleans Mint, Dahlonega Mint, and Charlotte Mint are all designed by William Strickland and begin producing. coins in three years.
1834 – Alfred B. Mullet, designer of both the San Francisco and the Carson City Mints in the US, is born in Britain.
1833 – William Strickland completes the first Philadelphia Mint building.
1832 – Birth of William Le Baron Jenney.
1830 – The Altes Museum in Berlin, designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel, is completed after seven years of construction.

1820s
1829 – The panopticon-design Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia, designed by John Havilland, opens.
1828 – Completion of the Marble Arch in London, designed by John Nash.
1827 – Birth of British Gothic Revial architect William Burges.
1826 – The Menai Suspension Bridge over the Menai Strait, in Wales, designed by Thomas Telford, is completed.
1825 – The front and rear porticoes of the White House are added to the building.
1824 – The Shelbourne Hotel in Dublin, Ireland is completed.
1823 – Work begins on the British Museum in London, designed by (Sir) Robert Smirke.
1822 – Birth of landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted.
1821 – Karl Friedrich Schinkel completeds his Schauspielhaus in Berlin and Benjamin Latrobe's Baltimore Basilica is completed.
1820 – Death of Benjamin Latrobe.

1810s
1819 – Birth of English architect Horace Jones.
1818 – Birth of American architect James Renwick, Jr.
1817 – Dulwich Picture Gallery in London is designed by Sir John Soane as the first purpose-built art gallery.
1816 – Regent's Bridge, crossing the River Thames in central London, designed by James Walker, is opened.
1815 – Brighton Pavilion is redesigned by John Nash for the future King George IV.
1814 – British troops burn the White House in Washington, D.C., gutting it completely.
1813 – Death of Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart.
1812 – The Egyptian Hall in London, designed by P. F. Robinson, is completed.
1811 – The United States Capitol, designed by Benjamin Latrobe, is completed. Birth of George Gilbert Scott.
1810 – Old Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange, designed by Jean-François Thomas de Thomon, is completed.

1800s
1809 – Birth of city planner Baron Haussmann.
1808 – Construction begins on the Paris Bourse, designed by Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart.
1807 – The Templo de la Virgen del Carmen in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico is completed.
1806 – Arc de Triomphe, Paris from Jean Chalgrin commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte.
1805 – The Ellesmere Canal, designed by Thomas Telford, is completed.
1804 – Completion of the Government House in the Bahamas.
1803 – The Raj Bhavan in Kolkata, West Bengal, India is finished.
1802 – The Temple of Saint Philip Neri in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico is completed.
1801 – Birth of Henri Labrouste.
1800 – The White House in Washington, D.C. is completed by team of client George Washington, planner Pierre L'Enfant, and architect James Hoban.

1790s
1799 – Death of French neoclassicist Étienne-Louis Boullée.
1798 – Karlsruhe Synagogue, usually regarded as the first building of the Egyptian Revival architecture, built by Friedrich Weinbrenner in Karlsruhe.
1797 – Ditherington Flax Mill, in Shrewsbury, England, the world's oldest surviving iron-framed building, is completed.
1796 – Somerset House in London, designed by William Chambers, is completed.
1795 – Birth of English architect Charles Barry.
1794 – Hwaseong Fortress in Suwon, Korea, begins.
1793 – Old East, the oldest public uniir John Soane's Museum.
1791 – Brandenburg Gate in Berlin is completed
1790 –

1780s
1789 – Jacques-Germain Soufflot's Panthéon in Paris is completed by his student Jean-Baptiste Rondelet.
1788 –
1787 –
1786 – Schloss Bellevue in Berlin, designed by Philipp Daniel Boumann, is completed.
1785 –
1784 –
1783 –
1782 – Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart is named architect and controller-general of the École Militaire in Paris.
1781 –
1780 – 29 August – Death of Jacques-Germain Soufflot (b. 1713).

1770s
1779 – Fridericianum in Kassel (Hesse), designed by Simon Louis du Ry, completed.
1778 – La Scala opera house in Milan (Lombardy), designed by Giuseppe Piermarini, is opened
1777 –
1776 –
1775 –
1774 –
1773 –
1772 –
1771 –
1770 –

1760s
1769 – St Clement's Church, Moscow is completed
1768 – Petit Trianon at Versailles is completed.
1767 – Arg of Karim Khan
1766 – Horace Walpole's Strawberry Hill House in London is completed.
1765 –
1764 – Construction begins on church of La Madeleine, Paris.
1763 –
1762 –
1761 –
1760 –

1750s
1759 – Royal Palace of Riofrío in Spain, designed by Virgilio Rabaglio completed.
1758 – The royal water garden of Taman Sari (Yogyakarta) on Java, designed by Tumenggung Mangundipura, is begun.
1757 – Vorontsov Palace (Saint Petersburg), designed by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli, is completed.
1756 –
1755 – Nuruosmaniye Mosque in Istanbul, designed by Mustafa Ağa and Simeon Kalfa, is completed
1754 – Tomb of Safdar Jang in Delhi is completed.
1753 – The Georgian-Style Pennsylvania State House, (Independence Hall) is completed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1752 – Valletta Waterfront on Malta is built
1751 –
1750 – Rang Ghar in eastern India.

1740s
1749 – The Radcliffe Camera in Oxford, England, designed by James Gibbs, is opened as a library.
1748 –
1747 –
1746 –
1745 –
1744 –
1743 – Dresden Frauenkirche, Dresden, Germany, completed.
1742 –
1741 –
1740 –

1730s
1739 – Birth of Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart.
1738 –
1737 –
1736 –
1735 – Buckingham Palace built
1734 –
1733 –
1732 –
1731 – Basilica of Superga in the vicinity of Turin built, and designed by Filippo Juvarra
1730 –

1720s
1729 – Christ Church, Spitalfields in London is completed.
1728 –
1727 –
1726 – The remaining ruins of Liverpool Castle are demolished.
1725 –
1724 – The construction of Blenheim Palace is completed.
1723 – Mavisbank House in Loanhead, Scotland is designed. Death of Christopher Wren.
1722 –
1721 –
1720 –

1710s
1719 –
1718 –
1717 –
1716 –
1715 –
1714 –
1713 – Vizianagaram Fort in South India is built.
1712 –
1711 –
1710 –

1700s
1709 –
1708 – St. Paul's Cathedral in London, designed by Christopher Wren, is completed.
1707 –
1706 –
1705 – November: In Williamsburg, capital of the Virginia colony in America, construction of the Capitol building is completed.
1704 – St Magnus-the-Martyr in London is completed.
1703 –
1702 – The Thomaskirche in Leipzig, Germany is completed.
1701 –
1700 –

17th century
1690s – Potala Palace is completed in Tibet.
1690s – The city of Noto, Italy, on Sicily, is devastated by an earthquake (1693), and a rebuilding program begins in the Baroque style.
1680s – Church of Les Invalides, Paris is built by Jules Hardouin-Mansart.
1670s – The Royal Greenwich Observatory in London, designed by Christopher Wren is completed (1676).
1660s – Louis XIV, with the architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart, begins to enlarge the Palace of Versailles (1661); foundation stone of Petersberg Citadel, Erfurt, Germany laid (1665).
1650s – Completion of the church Sant'Agnese in Agone in Rome, designed by Borromini and Carlo Rainaldi.
1640s – Borromini builds the church Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza in Rome.
1630s – Emperor Shah Jahan construct Taj Mahal in Agra, India.
1630s – Borromini builds the church San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome.
1620s – St. Peter's Basilica is completed in Vatican City (1626).
1610s – Mohammadreza Isfahani builds Naghsh-i Jahan Square in Isfahan, Iran.
1600s – 33 pol bridge is constructed in Isfahan, Iran.

16th century
1590s – Bernini and Borromini are born.
1580s –
1570s –
1560s – work begins on Palladio's Villa Capra "La Rotonda".
1550s –
1540s –
1530s – Work begins on Michelangelo's Piazza del Campidoglio (Capitoline Hill).
1520s – Santhome Church was built in Chennai.
1510s – Construction begins on Chateau Chambord.
1500s – Construction begins on St. Peter's Basilica. Birth of Andrea Palladio.

15th century
1490s –
1480s – Vitruvius' treatise De architectura and Leon Battista Alberti's De re aedificatoria were published, having previously existed only in manuscript.
1470s –
1460s –
1450s – Architecture of the Ottoman Empire after capturing Constantinople
1440s –
1430s –
1420s – The Forbidden City of China is completed
1410s –
1400s – The Changdeokgung of Korea is completed.

14th century
14th Century architecture

13th century
1290s –
1280s –
1270s – St. Augustine's Monastery (Erfurt), Germany begun 1277
1260s – Fakr Ad-Din Mosque is finished in the Sultanate of Mogadishu
1250s –
1240s – The foundation stone of Cologne Cathedral in Cologne is laid.
1230s –
1220s –
1210s –
1200s –

12th century
1190s – Construction of Qutb Minar started in India
1190s – Construction begins on the present form of Chartres Cathedral after a fire.
1180s –
1170s –
1160s –
1150s –
1140s – Abbot Sugar supervises the reconstruction of St. Denis in the Gothic style
1130s – Work begins on the Basilica of Saint-Denis in France.
1120s –
1110s –
1100s – Yingzao Fashi written by Li Jie published during mid Song dynasty, an important set of building standards.

11th century
1090s – Durham Cathedral founded; Old Synagogue (Erfurt), Germany, one of the oldest synagogue buildings in Europe (1094)
1080s –
1070s – St Albans Cathedral commenced; built from the ruins of Roman Verulamium.
1060s –
1050s – Greensted Church built, oldest surviving wooden church (extensively repaired) in the world, possibly the oldest wooden building in Europe.
1040s –
1030s – Gangaikonda Cholapuram built by the kingdom of Rajendra Chola I under Chola dynasty.
1020s –
1010s –
1000s – Brihadisvara Temple built by the kingdom of Rajaraja I under Chola dynasty. Construction of stone buildings in Great Zimbabwe begins.

1st millennium AD
 905 – Aachen Cathedral consecrated (major renovations in the 10th century).
900s – Akhtala Monastery built, intended as a fortress.
800s –
 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
 848 – San Miguel de Lillo built in the Asturian pre-romanesque style of Spain.
700s – Seokguram of Korea is constructed.
 605 – Anji Bridge, China, the world's oldest known open-spandrel segmental stone arch bridge, is completed.
600s – St. Hripsime Church, Echmiadzin, one of the world's oldest surviving churches, constructed.
500s – Hagia Sophia built in its present form. Oldest known surviving roof truss in Saint Catherine's Monastery.
495–504 – Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna.
 470 – Basilica of St. Martin, Tours.
 432–40 – Santa Maria Maggiore and Santa Sabina in Rome.
400s – Mahabalipuram, an ancient port city of south east India, constructed under Mahendravarman I & his son Narasimhavarman I of the Pallava Kingdom, Tamil Nadu, South India.
391 – Serapeum of Alexandria is destroyed in a conflict between Christians and pagans.
 c.330 – Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, Rome.
 325 – Old St. Peter's Basilica, Rome.
 320 – Construction of Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, Rome, begun using standards that will be followed in future basilica designs.
 315 – Arch of Constantine in Rome dedicated to the Battle of Milvian Bridge.
 312 – Aula Palatina (Basilica of Constantine) at Trier, the brick audience hall, completed.
 307–312 – Basilica of Maxentius and Catacomb of the Via Latina in Rome begun.
300s – Nalanda, an ancient center of higher learning, is built in Gupta Empire in India.
 296–306 – Baths of Diocletian in Rome.
 262 – Arch of Gallienus in Rome completed.
 231 – Dura-Europos church in Syria, a house built c.200 converted into a Christian Church.
 224 – Dura-Europos synagogue one of the oldest synagogues.
 211 – Arch of Drusus in Rome completed.
 203 – Arch of Septimius Severus in Rome completed.
 212–16 – Baths of Caracalla in Rome.
200s –
200 –  Pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacan is constructed.
 193 – Column of Marcus Aurelius dedicated in Rome.
 134 – Ponte Sant'Angelo across the Tiber in Rome completed.
 118–28 – Pantheon, Rome is completed, an early full dome.
 113 – Trajan's Column in Rome dedicated.
 104–6 – Alcántara Bridge, a Roman multiple arched bridge over the Tagus River in Spain.
 82 – Arch of Titus in Rome an artifact from the 'Temple Period' and the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora.
100s – Pantheon, Rome is completed.
 70–80 – Colosseum in Rome built under Emperors Vespasian and Titus.
 60–69 – Domus Aurea in Rome begun.
 52 – Porta Maggiore (Porta Prenestina) in Rome built. A subterranean Neopythagorean basilica nearby also dates to this century.
 47–50 – Romans establish the city of Londinium in Britain.
 40 – Lighthouse at Boulogne built.
 3 – Gungnae City of Goguryeo completed.

1st millennium BC
1-99 BC – Vitruvius writes De architectura (c. 15 BC). Expansion of Herod the Great's temple begins (c. 37 BC). Pont du Gard (c. 50 BC), Provence, France. Pons Fabricius, oldest functional stone Roman bridge in Rome, Italy (62 BC). Maison Carrée Roman temple is constructed (c. 16 BC). Mausoleum of Augustus is completed (28 BC).
100s – Across the Tiber in Italy: Ponte Milvio is the second bridge at this location (115 BC); Pons Aemilius is the oldest stone Roman bridge in Rome (126 BC).
200s – Erechtheion in Athens completed (206 BC). Lighthouse of Alexandria in Egypt completed and is the tallest man-made structure in existence at the time (c. 246 BC). The city of Djenné-Djenno is first occupied (250 BC). Colossus of Rhodes is completed (280 BC).
300s – University of ancient Taxila, one of the first institutes of learning (according to some historians), built in the Indian Subcontinent. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, is completed (350 BC). Alexander the Great founds the city of Alexandria and plans its layout (331 BC). The city of Antioch is founded (300 BC).
400s – Completion of the final form of the Parthenon in Athens (432 BC). Construction of Pataliputra (modern day Patna) in the Magadha empire (Indian Subcontinent) begun (490 BC).
500s – Construction of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus begins (c. 500 BC). Second Temple in Jerusalem completed  (February 25, 515 BC). Work begins on Persepolis (515 BC). Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus completed in Rome (509 BC).
600s – Port city of Naucratis is founded in Egypt (c. 625 BC). Massalia (modern-day Marseille) is founded (c. 600 BC).
700s – According to legend, the city of Rome is founded (753 BC).
800s –
900s – The earliest Greek temple built at Samos with some timber framing based on the Mycenaean megaron

2nd millennium BC
1000s BC –
1100s –
1200s – Chogha Zanbil built. End of Harappan architecture
1300s –
1400s –
1500s –
1600s – Final construction of Stonehenge in England
1700s –
1800s – Last Egyptian pyramid built in Hawara
1900s –

3rd millennium BC
2000s BC – Ziggurat of Ur construction takes place
2100s –
2200s –
2300s –
2400s –
2500s –
2600s – Mohenjo-daro ancient city in the Indian subcontinent built. Great Pyramid of Giza and Pyramid of Djoser built in Egypt.
2700s –
2800s –
2900s –  (2900 – 1600 BC) the Longshan culture in China. Examples in Shandong, Henan, and southern Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces.

Neolithic
4th millennium BC – Harappa ancient city built.
5th millennium BC – (5000–3000 BC) Yangshao culture in China.
6th millennium BC – (6000–2000 BC) Emergence of wooden frames in Chinese architecture including the use of mortise and tenon joinery to build wood beamed houses.
7th millennium BC – Çatalhöyük in Anatolia constructed without streets.
8th millennium BC – Lahuradewa architecture in Ganges plains of India. Early Mehrgarh settlement sites in Indian subcontinent. Earliest town sites with simple residential neighbourhoods in Jarmo, Jericho, and Ain Ghazal on the Levant.
10th millennium BC – Göbekli Tepe in Turkey, an ancient structure believed to be the first place of worship.

References

See also

Table of years in architecture
Timeline of architectural styles
Outline of architecture
History of architecture

Architecture

+
Architecture lists
Architecture

Timeline of architecture


El faro de la Punta de los Capelinhos se localiza en la punta de mismo nombre, en la parroquia de Capelo, Isla de Fayal, en las Azores (Portugal).

Su estructura está compuesta por un cuerpo rectangular, de dos pisos (uno de los cuales actualmente soterrado), con cuatro viviendas, y por una torre central de planta octogonal de 20 metros de altura. Fue construido en mampostería de piedra remolcada (en otra época pintada), excepto las molduras de los vanos, los cuñas y a cornisa, que son en piedra a la vista.

Dejó de operar el 29 de septiembre de 1957, en virtud de la erupción volcánica.

Historia
A finales del , el Servicio de Faros decide levar por a causa una idea que ya venía de 1883. Se idea la construcción de un faro que cubra un sector marítimo de 222° conforme los planos del 17 de enero de 1894. Las obras de construcción se iniciaron el 1 de abril de ese mismo año, teniendo, en 1901 recibido la visita del Rey D. Carlos y de la Reina D. Amélia.

Fue inaugurado el 1 de agosto de 1903, funcionando entonces con un candelero a petróleo de cuatro torcidas, con óptica flotando en baño de mercurio. Emitía una luz con cuatro relámpagos alternadamente blancos y rojos teniendo también instalado un señal sonoro de neblina.

En septiembre de 1957, debido a la erupción volcánica, el faro fue desactivado, siendo retiradas la óptica y otros equipamientos como los grupos electrógenos que habían sido recientemente instalados y que suministraban la energía para el faro.

En 2005 el Gobierno Regional de los Azores anunció planos para la rehabilitación estructural del faro y la instalación de la linterna visitable, con un centro museológico anexo. La linterna fue reinstalada en el inicio de 2006 y el 17 de agosto de 2008 fue inaugurado el Centro de Interpretación del Volcán de los Capelinhos, funcionando junto al faro.
El área de erupción está clasificada como paisaje protegida de elevado interés geológico y biológico e integra a Red Natural 2000.

Galería

Véase también
 Juán Joaquim André de Freitas

Referencias

Bibliografía
 FURTADO. Eduardo Carvalho Vieira. Guardiães del Mar de los Azores: una viaje por las islas del Atlântico. s.l.: s.y., 2005. 298p. mapas, fotos. ISBN 972-9060-47-9

Enlaces externos

Isla de Fayal
Faros de Portugal
Arquitectura de Portugal del siglo XIX

Faro de Punta de Capelinhos


An Zootrophion hypodiscus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Carlyle August Luer. An Zootrophion hypodiscus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Zootrophion, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Zootrophion

Zootrophion hypodiscus


චියෑන් අධිරාජිනිය (1426–1468) යනු මිං රාජවංශයේ චීන වල්ලභ අධිරාජිනියකි. ඇය චෙංතොං අධිරාජයාගේ භාර්යාව වූවා ය. ඇයව නිල වශයෙන් අමතනු ලැබූයේ ෂියාඕචුවෑංරුයි අධිරාජිනිය () ලෙසිනි.

විවාහය
චියෑන් අධිරාජිනියගේ උපන් නාමය පිළිබඳ කිසිදු වාර්තාවක් හමු නොවේ. හමුවන්නේ ඇය චියෑන් () වංශයේ සාමාජිකාවක බව පමණි. 1442 ජූනි 8 දින ඇය චෙංතොං අධිරාජයා සමග විවාහ වූවා ය. ඇය ඔහුගේ ප්‍රධාන බිසව සහ අධිරාජිනිය බවට පත්වූවා ය.

ධුරයෙන් පහකිරීම
1449දී, චෙංතොං අධිරාජයා ටුමු සටනේ දී ග්‍රහණයට නතු විය. ඔහුව ග්‍රහණයට නතු කරගත් අය කප්පම් ඉල්ලා සිටියහ. චියෑන් අධිරාජිනිය සහ ඇගේ නැන්දණිය හමුවේ එය තවත් ඉහළ දැමිණි. චෙංතොං අධිරාජයා ප්‍රාණඇපකරුවකු ලෙස රඳවා ගැනීමට පසුව කප්පම් ලබාගැනීම ද ප්‍රතික්ෂේප විය. මේ හේතුවෙන් රාජසභාව විසින් ඔහුව විශ්‍රාම ලත් අධිරාජයා ලෙස නම් කොට ඔහුගේ අර්ධ-සොයුරා වූ චූ ක්වියු අධිරාජ පදවියට පත්කරන ලදී. වල්ලභ අධිරාජිනී පදවිය හෙබවීමට වං අධිරාජිනියට අවකාශ සලසනු පිණිස ක්වියෑන් අධිරාජිනිය රාජ මාලිගය අත්හැර වෙනත් මාලිගයක් වෙත පිටත් වූවා ය.

1450 සැප්තැම්බර් 19 දින ඇගේ සැමියා මොංගෝලවරුන් වෙතින් මිදී බෙයිජිං වෙත පැමිණි විට, චියෑන් අධිරාජිනිය අධිරාජකීය නගරයේ ආරක්ෂිත පෙදෙසේ ඇගේ සැමියා සමග නිවාස අඩස්සියෙහි පසුවූවා ය. 1452දී ඇගේ සැමියාගේ එකම පුත්‍රයා වූ අනාගත චෙංහුවා අධිරාජයා කිරුළේ උරුමකරු ධුරයෙන් ඉවත් කළ අවස්ථාවේ ඔහුව ක්වියෑන් අධිරාජිනිය‍ගේ භාරයේ දිවි ගෙවීමට පිටත් කෙරිණි. 1457දී, කුමන්ත්‍රණයක් මගින් ඇගේ සැමියා යළි අධිරජ පදවියට පත්වූයේ ටියෑන්ෂුන් අධිරාජයා ලෙසයි. චියෑන් අධිරාජිනිය නැවත වල්ලභ අධිරාජිනී පදවියෙහි පිහිටුවනු ලැබිණි.

වැන්දඹු අධිරාජිනිය
චියෑන් අධිරාජිනියට දරුවන් නොවී ය. 1464දී චෙංතොං අධිරාජයා මියයාමත් සමග, චෙංහුවා අධිරාජයා සිහසුනට පත් විය. නව අධිරාජයාගේ ජීව විද්‍යාත්මක මෑණියන් වූ ෂියාඕසු අධිරාජිනිය සමග ඇය අරගලයකට මැදි වූවා ය. එයට හේතුව අධිරාජයාගේ මව වූ ෂියාඕසු අධිරාජිනිය, චියෑන් සේම වැන්දඹු අධිරාජිනිය පදවිය ඉල්ලා සිටීමයි. අධිරාජයාගේ මව කරුණු දැක්වූයේ තමන් අධිරාජයාගේ මෑණියන් බවත්, චියෑන් දරුවන් නොමැති බවත් ය. නමුත් චියෑන් කරුණු දැක්වූයේ තමන් හිටපු අධිරාජයාට පක්ෂපාතීව කටයුතු කළ බවත්, ඔහු නිවාස අඩස්සියේ පසුවූ කාලයේ තමන් ද එම දණ්ඩනය ඔහු සමග බෙදාගත් බවයි.

අධිරාජයාහට දෙපාර්ශ්වයම සතුටු වන පරිදි මෙම අරගලය විසඳීමට නොහැකි විය. නමුත් ඔහු මේ දෙදෙනාටම වැන්දඹු අධිරාජිනිය පදවිය පිරිනැමී ය. කෙසේවුවත්, චියෑන් නිල පදවි නාමය හේතුවෙන් ඇයට මාලිගයේ කටයුතුවල දී ඉහළ ප්‍රමුඛත්වයක් ගෙනදීමට සමත් විය.

භූමදානය
1468දී චියෑන් වැන්දඹු අධිරාජිනිය මියගි අතර, ඇගේ දේහය බෙයිජිං අසල මිං සොහොන් සංකීර්ණයේ යූ ලිංහි තැන්පත් කෙරිණි. ටියෑන්ෂුන් අධිරාජයා විශේෂයෙන් සඳහන් කොට තිබුණේ ඇය තමන් අසලින් භූමදාන කළ යුත්තේ, 'වසර දහසක දීර්ඝ දිවියකින් පසුව' බවයි.

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

සටහන්

සඳහන් කළ කෘති

1426 උපත්
1468 මරණ
මිං රාජවංශයේ අධිරාජිනියන්
මිං රාජවංශයේ වැන්දඹු අධිරාජිනියන්
15වන සියවසේ කාන්තාවන්

චියෑන් අධිරාජිනිය


Geçiş metalleri veya bazı kimyacıların tabiriyle ağır metaller; sertlikleri, yüksek yoğunlukları, iyi ısı iletkenlikleri ve yüksek erime-kaynama sıcaklıklarıyla tanınırlar. Özellikle sertlikleri nedeniyle saf halde ya da alaşım halinde yapı malzemesi olarak kullanılırlar.

Geçiş elementlerinin hepsi, elektron dizilimlerinde en dışta her zaman d-orbitalinde elektron taşırlar. Tepkimelere giren elektronlar da d-orbitalindeki elektronlardır. Geçiş metalleri sıklıkla birden fazla yükseltgenme basamağına sahiptir. Çoğu, asit çözeltilerinde hidrojenle yer değiştirecek kadar elektropozitiftir. İyonları renkli olduğu için analizlerde kolay ayırt edilirler.

Geçiş metali


Louis Félicien Joseph Caignart de Saulcy (født 19. marts 1807 i Lille, død 4. november 1880 i Paris) var en fransk numismatiker og orientalist.

Saulcy optoges 1826 i École Polytechnique, blev artilleriofficer i Metz, hvor han 1838 blev lærer i mekanik på kadetskolen. Fra en meget ung alder nærede han stor interesse for mønter og oldsager, samlede selv og erhvervede sig tidlig dybtgående kundskaber i numismatikken. Allerede som ung løjtnant vandt han akademiets pris for sin Essai sur la classification des suites monétaires byzantines (1836), der snart fulgtes af forskellige andre arbejder over spanske, franske, lothringske, galliske, puniske, jødiske, arabiske og seleukidiske, ligesom også over korsfarernes mønter. Efter et besøg, hertugen af Orléans havde aflagt i Metz, kaldtes Saulcy til Paris, hvor han 1842 blev forstander for Artillerimuseet og samme år medlem af Académie des inscriptions, som anerkendelse af hans fortjenester af numismatikken. Da Paul-Émile Botta i Assyrien havde opdaget talrige assyriske kileindskrifter, kastede Saulcy sig over decifreringen af disse tegn, ligesom han også søgte at finde ud af den ægyptiske demotiske skrift. De skrifter, han udgav om disse spørgsmål, førte dog ikke videnskaben synderlig videre, om de end lettede vejen for hans efterfølgere. For Østerlandene, især det hellige land, nærede han levende interesse og besøgte dem oftere. I forbindelse med disse rejser og talrige derhen hørende undersøgelser står hans Voyage autour de la Mer Morte et dans les terres bibliques (2 bind, 1852—54); Voyage en Terre-Sainte (1865), Jérusalem (1881), Histoire de l'Art judaïque (1858), Recherches sur la Numismatique judaïque (1854), Numismatique de la Terre-Sainte (1874), Les derniers jours de Jérusalem (1866), Histoire d'Hérode, roi des Juifs (1867), Sept siècles de l'histoire judaïque (1874) og Histoire des Machabées (1880). I 1859 blev Saulcy af Napoleon III udnævnt til senator; i 1856 ledsagede Saulcy prins Napoleon, kejserens fætter, på dennes rejse til Skandinavien, Island og Grønland.

Kilder

Orientalister fra Frankrig
Numismatikere
Museumsfolk fra Frankrig
Medlemmer af Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres
Faglitterære forfattere fra Frankrig
Fransksprogede forfattere
Franskmænd i 1800-tallet
Personer fra Lille

Félicien de Saulcy


Dagmar a Boemiei (cunoacută și sub numele de  Margareta de Boemia;  1186 – 24 mai 1212) a fost regină consort  Danemarcei ca prima soție a regelui Valdemar al II-lea al Danemarcei. Ea a fost fiica regelui Ottokar I al Boemiei și a primei lui soții, Adelheid de Meissen.

Biografie
Margareta () a avut un frate, Vratislav, și două surori: Božislava și Hedvika. Tatăl ei a devenit Duce de Boemia în 1192, însă în 1193 a fost detronat. El a părăsit Boemia împreună cu familia sa. Adelheid și copiii s-au stabilit la curtea fratelui ei, Albert, Margraf de Meissen, iar Ottokar a devenit mercenar pentru conducătorii germani.

În 1197, Ottokar a devenit Duce al Boemiei pentru a doua oară. El a repudiat-o pe Adelheid și a divorțat de ea în 1199 pe motiv de consangvinitate. El s-a căsătorit cu Constance a Ungariei în același an. Acest pas, împreună cu alte manevre, l-au ajutat mai târziu să obțină alegerea ereditară a titlului său de rege.

Adelheid nu a renunțat la drepturile ei. În 1205 ea s-a întors la Praga temporar. La acel moment, Ottokar decisese să o căsătorească pe Margareta cu regele Valdemar al II-lea al Danemarcei. Constance a născut un fiu, mai târziu regele Venceslav I al Boemiei. Adelheid a părăsit Boemia curând și a murit câțiva ani mai târziu.

Înainte să se căsătorească cu Margareta, Valdemar a fost logodit cu Richeza a Bavariei, fiica ducelui de Saxonia. Când logodna s-a rupt, el s-a căsătorit cu Margareta în 1205 la Lübeck. În 1209, noua regină, cunsocută acum ca Dagmar, a născut un fiu, Valdemar cel Tânăr.

Note

Decese în 1212
Regine ale Danemarcei
Femei din Evul Mediu
Dinastia Přemyslid
Decese la naștere

Dagmar a Boemiei


Bény-sur-Mer (, literally Bény on Sea) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region, in northwestern France. It lies 5 km south of Bernières-sur-Mer and 13 km north of Caen.

World War II
During World War II, Bény-sur-Mer was liberated on D-Day by Le Régiment de la Chaudière, a French Canadian unit. There was a gun battery located near the town at the time.

D-Day: morning
Although garrisoned during the Occupation, Beny-sur-Mer did not play a central role in a major tactical confrontation on D-Day. Instead, the village witnessed three noteworthy incidents on that day. To the northeast, a prolonged struggle unfolded at Château-de-Tailleville (WN 23) before Beny-sur-Mer's security was assured. Directly to its west, a brief encounter occurred at WN 28a later in the day. Additionally, early in the morning, two battalions from the 716 Infantry Division encountered a transformative shift in their day due to Naval Gunfire.

Kompanie 8 (schwere). / Battalion II./ Grenadier-Regiment 736., commanded by Hauptmann Johann Grzeski, the Ballation reserve, was sited at Les Ruines Saint-Ursin: La Haye de Saule (at North 49.3078 Deg / West 00.4386 Deg), in a 'Open Field Earth (Hinzu kommen Positionen in offener Feldstellung) Fa Position'. It is reported that at 0510 hrs HQ Stab Btl II. / 736 reported, to HQ 716 Inf.Div., of airborne landings south of Bernières-sur-Mer (WN 28) and north of the Chateau-de-Tailleville (WN 23) inferring enemy troopers had penetrated up into Bernières-sur-Mer.  Consistent with tactical doctrine, the Kdr. Btl II./ 736., ordered Ko 8./II 736. to mount a counterattack, and destroy  the  threat (... 'no one is to wait, for higher…'). Though the details of the action are not confirmed, it is suggested that Ko 8. was lost. Committed, from a well dug-in position, in its action, moving across open ground, it would have taken naval gun fire, from HMS Kempenfelt, it shelling Kompanie 3. (Flak)/Pz.Jg.-Abt.716., at la-Tomblette.  'Nobody returned … so the details are not known.'  Kdr 716 Inf.Div.
3. (FlaK) Kompanie. / Panzerjäger-Abteilung 716., on Le Pommeret (la Tomblette) was sited on the low ridge overlooking the beaches from St. Aubin to Courseulles, north of Beny-sur-Mer, under the leadership of the Oberleutnant Kurt Kaergel, his Panzerjäger-Abteilung 716, Gefechtsstand: Sallenelles. The primary target of HMS Kempenfelt, its two platoons were shelled at 06h19 BST, in positions at N 49.3026Deg / W 0.4238Deg and at N 49.3015Deg / W 0.4202Deg.
Züg - 3. (Flak) Kp. /Pz.Jg.-Abt.716. x6 7.5 cm D.C.A. Mle 1938(f) Static AA guns, in a field emplacement.
Züg - 3. (Flak) Kp.  /Pz.Jg.-Abt.716. x20 3.2 cm Wurfgerät 40/41, set up in Packkiste, in an open field emplacement.

Late in the Occupation, Beny-sur-Mer garrisoned a German a [Hauptkolonnen (Main) or Saunderkolonnen (Special) 160] supply transportation unit assigned from LXXXIV Armeekorps (Stab: St. Lô), to KVA H1 Caen. Located centrally to the work and units of Infantry-Division 716, a sub-unit of Kw.Trsp.Kp. 4./ Kw.Trsp.Abt. 564., it was noted to be in Beny-sur-Mer on D-Day. The supply and transport services of Occupation Static Divisions (Coastal Defense) were organized on the design that artillery batteries were not moved; as such artillery ammunition and the troop supply trains were not well resourced. From 1941, the priority for motorized and horse-drawn transport was for Divisions fighting in Russia; with almost no additional vehicles available for Divisions on occupation duty, in France. While a 'standard' Division Supply Column (Trains) should see up to eight motor transport columns, when mobilized in 1941, Inf.Div. 716., was allocated no supply commander, and only one motor transport column.

Kraftwagen-Transport-Abteilung 564 (Motor Vehicle Transport Battalion: Kw.Trsp.Abt.564.) was established (Aufstellung) in June 1941 in Wehrkreis IV: Dresden, and assigned to Heerestruppe bei der Heeresgruppe B im Westen (H.Gr.B - La Roche Guyon). In December 1941, it added Kompanien 3. (FN 44363 aus WK IX: Kassel) and Kompanien 4. (FN 45651 aus WK VI: Münster) and in May 1943, designated 'z. b. V.' (zur besonderer Verwendung: for special purposes / for special use). With an OB West February 1944 reorganization: Kraftwagen-Transport-Regiment z.b.V. West., (Standarten) was established (in France) regrouping its three Kw.Trsp.Abt, fielding 13 Companies. The new Kw.Trsp.Rgt. West was designated Heeresgruppen-Truppen beim OB West (Paris: St Germain-en-Laye), commanded by General des Transportwesens West. Consequently, Kw.Trsp.Abt. 564 z.b.V. (Versorgungstruppen Nu. 21108010) was assigned (directly) as (Unterstellung): Kw.Trsp.Abt 564 (Stab Paris: Rueil-Malmaison) to 7. Armee (Stab: Le Mans) in der Kompanie NSKK (Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrkorps) Transportabteilung zur Wehrmacht.
AOK 7 allocated Kraftwagen Transport Kompanie 4., to LXXXIV Armeekorps (Stab: St. Lô) for employment with NSKK Transportkorps Speer, supporting allocated Divisions in defence and construction of Coastal fortifications.  Feldpostnummern FN 45651 was first used in July 1941, assigned to 4.Kompanie Kraftwagen-Transport-Abteilung z.b.V. 564 (zur besonderer Verwendung). It changed designation in March 1942 to 4. Kompanie  Kraftwagen-Transport-Abteilung 564.  With a further reorganization, in October 1943, it was deleted, as a standalone unit in the Field Postal Directory (with the eventual forming of Kraftwagen-Transport-Regiment West).

D-Day: around noon
 Widerstandnesten WN 23 was located at North 49.308275 Degrees / West 00.409888 Degrees and in June 1944, for targeting purposes, at: LZ1 vT MR Grid 003823 (Ref. GSGS 4250 1:50K: Creully Sheet 7E/5).  The (WN) - Resistance Nest at the Château-de-Tailleville (de la colonie) was a unique 'platoon-sized' position, incorporating standard concrete (Verstärkt Feltmessig: Vf Type 2) gun casemates, with well-sited observation and crewed fighting positions. Located to dominate the roads entering the town, the position did dispose of an integrated network of trenches and tunnels, partially surrounded by a stone wall, permitting unobserved movement under cover.

Hauptmann Deptolla, Kommandeur Bataillon II./ 736., defending with only his Stabs-züg (Lt Heinz Rix, Karl Rub), and the Stabs-kompanie, perhaps undermanned, would cause problems all day for the Canadians.  Planning to fight with his west flank secured by Kompanie 8.(schwere)/ II 736., at Les Ruines Saint-Ursin, off to the west, his right flank by Kompanie 12.(schwere)/ Bataillon III./736., to the east, in front of Douvres (WN 23a), and drawing 'artillery' support from Kompanie 3.(Flak)/Pz.Jg.-Abt.716., to his immediate west, he found himself alone.  Having been located and well targeted, in 3rd Canadian Infantry Division planning, the fight for WN 23 was first impacted by Naval Counter Battery Gun Fire from the destroyer HMS Kempenfelt (R03) (at 06h19m), she shelling Kompanie 3 (Flak)./Pz.Jg.-Abt.716., sited in an open field emplacement, at Tailleville-la-Tomblette. This followed later in the morning by RAF Medium (Day) Bombers at 07h55 (BST).

WN 23 was overcome by the efforts of 'C' Company, The North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment (O.C. Major Daughney), landing at Saint Aubin-sur-Mer at 09h45.  When able to bypass the fight for WN 27, intending to make a quick run to Tailleville, 'C' Company, The North Shore Regiment, was attached a tank troop from 'C' Squadron, The Fort Garry Horse. First reporting contact around noon, moving South, at MR Grid 004823, enemy mortars slowed the advance, the 'C' Sqn tanks moved-up, giving the necessary fire and moral support to get the North Shores up to the Chateau. Getting into the position at 13h52, a Sherman tank penetrated the walls, fronting the Chateau grounds, and shot up the trenches and their defenders with high explosive shells, at point blank range. After six hours of fighting, the remnants of the garrison surrendering, 'C' Company 'secured' Tailleville, at 17h30. 'D' Company was moved up to Tailleville on the east flank, as 'A' Company had previously sealed off the southern side of the position.

Having consolidated on the position, 'C' Company captured 4 Officers and 57 other prisoners, this reported at 20h10. It continued to root in the underground workings of the Château; around 23h00 producing more prisoners, including two wounded monocled officers. At 23h30 all of 'C' Squadron, The Fort Garry Horse, moved into position with the North Shores, the squadron laagered and passed an uncomfortable night constantly on the alert in expectation of a German counterattack. The North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment lost 34 killed and 90 wounded in the fight for WN 23.

German Crew Served Weapons at Châteaux de Tailleville.

D-Day: at dusk
Le Regiment de la Chaudiere (8 CIB Reserve), at Bernières-sur-Mer, by 10h30, forming up with 'A' Squadron, The Fort Garry Horse moved South towards Beny-sur-Mer, encountering significant resistance, in exiting the town.  While its Company 'A' (OC Major H. Lapointe), dealt with two very capable 8.8 cm Pak 43/41, in an open field emplacement, of Kompanie 2.(StuG) /Pz.Jg-Abt 716., sited just southwest of Berniers (on Les Perrucques), its 'B' Company remained focused on its run to Beny-sur-Mer and WN28a. Having moved up with little difficulty, Company 'B' Le Regiment de la Chaudiere (OC J.F. L'Esperance), 'captured' WN 28a by mid-afternoon, taking 54 prisoners. At the end of the day, The Fort Garry Horse were ordered back for rest and vehicle replenishment in Beny-sur-Mer, it was not until 01h00 07.06 that 'B' squadron made it back, while 'C' Squadron remained in Tailleville. The Fort Garry Horse suffered 13 killed and 12 wounded casualties on D-Day.

Widerstandnesten WN 28a was located West of Beny-sur-Mer (Moulineaux), at North 49.293 Degrees / West 00.451 Degrees and in June 1944, for targeting purposes, at: French Lambert MR Grid LZ1 vT 972808 (Ref. GSGS 4250 1:50K: Creully Sheet 7E/5).  The (WN) - Resistance Nest, its south approach protected by La Mue, was a doctrinally laid-out four gun German 'batterie-sized' tactical position, with perimeter crewed weapon fighting positions, and ammunition storage points.  The four 100mm le.F.H14/19(t) Czech guns, with an effective range of 9,970m range, were disposed in Type 1 'Open' Field Gun Earth Fa Emplacements (Geschutzestellungen), incorporating only one Type Heer 669 'Gun' (Verstärkt Feltmessig: Vf Type 2) concrete casement. Located to support the landing defences at Courseulles-sur-Mer, Berniers-sur-Mer, and St Aubin-sur-Mer, the position did dispose of light crew-served weapons, in supporting trenches on its South flank.

While effectively manned by Batterie 7. (Resi).  / Bataillon II. / 1716 AR, commanded by Hauptmann Wilhelm Franke, his contribution to the fights on the JUNO beaches did not go as planned.  Its intended effect, on the five Mike and Nan beaches was effectively neutralized by Naval Counter Battery Gun Fire, specifically from the cruiser HMS Diadem (84) at 05h52, and then furthered bombed by RAF Medium / Fighter Bombers at 08h15. There was not much fight left when, approaching from the northeast, it was  overcome Le Regiment de la Chaudiere.

In Beny-sur-Mer there remains two reminders of D-Day and June 1944.

 Bény-sur-Mer Canadian War Cemetery commemorates Canadian losses suffered on D-Day 1944 and subsequent battles in France. The cost in lives had been high, though not as high as had been estimated, on D-Day Canada suffered almost a thousand casualties, of whom 340 were killed or died of wounds.
 Beny-sur-Mer Airfield at 49°17'54"N / 00°25'34"W was a former Allied temporary invasion airfield, located 1 km north-northeast of Beny-sur-Mer in the Lower Normandy. The Airfield (ALG B4) was completed on 15 June 1944, it consisted of a 4,000' runway aligned 08Deg/35Deg, with dispersal areas, communications facilities, and landing lights, and was in continuous use until early August 1944.

Population

See also
Communes of the Calvados department

References

External links

Juno Beach – Le Régiment de la Chaudière on D-Day

Communes of Calvados (department)
Calvados communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated coastal places in France

Bény-sur-Mer


ييبيفان  هي مدينة في مقاطعة تولا أوبلاست في روسيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 2190 نسمة.

مراجع

مدن سابقة في روسيا
مدن مقاطعة تولا
غوبرنيه تولا

ييبيفان


NGC 7639 je eliptična galaktika u zviježđu Pegazu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 7639
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 7639 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
  NGC 7639 DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 7600 - 7649

7639

NGC 7639


Frederik Godthjælp Petersen (født den 11. april 2002 i Greve) er en dansk karatekæmper i den tungeste vægtklasse. Frederik Godthjælp Petersen blev, den 28. oktober 2017, Danmarks første officielle verdensmester i karate ved U21 VM  i Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

Familie
Frederik og hans bror, Christian Godthjælp Petersen, startede i Greve Karate i 2011. Christian skiftede fodbold ud med kampsporten, mens Frederik havde lidt svært ved at opgive fodbolden. Men da begge brødre blev udtaget til det officielle danske karatelandshold i starten af 2017, blev fodboldstøvlerne endeligt lagt på hylden.

Trods deres mange år som hinandens træningsmakkere, har de kun få gange mødt hinanden til mesterskaber. Det er dog blevet til finaler mod hinanden ved Danmarksmesterskaberne i Solrød i 2022 og ved De Nordiske Mesterskaber i Göteborg i 2023.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Karateudøvere fra Danmark
Personer fra Greve

Frederik Godthjælp Petersen


دقة هو اسم أكثر من شيء:.

 دُقَّة مدينة تونسية.
 دُقَّة خلطة توابل عربية.
 دِقة شاشة مصطلح دقة للتلفاز الرقمي أو لشاشة الحاسب.
 دقة تفاصيل صورة تعبير يطلق على الصور الرقمية، وصور الأفلام، والأنواع الأخرى من الصور.
 دقة الزاوية مصطلح في الرياضيات.

دقة (توضيح)


Ernst Alex P. Biesalski (* 23. Oktober 1881 in Bischofswerder, Westpreußen; † 30. Oktober 1963 in Berlin) war ein deutscher Chemiker. Er wirkte als Hochschullehrer in Berlin.

Leben
Ernst Biesalski studierte nach dem Besuch des Luisenstädtischen Gymnasiums in Berlin an der Friedrichs-Universität Halle Chemie. Wie zuvor sein Bruder Konrad Biesalski (1868–1930) wurde er 1902 Mitglied des Corps Teutonia Halle. 1903 wurde er auch im Corps Makaria München aktiv. 1908 wurde er an der Universität Halle cum laude zum Dr. phil. promoviert und legte sein Staatsexamen ab. Er zog nach Friedenau und wurde Assistent an der TH Charlottenburg. Aus der 1910 mit Käte Schulze geschlossenen Ehe gingen drei Töchter und ein Sohn hervor. Den Ersten Weltkrieg erlebte er als Kriegsfreiwilliger von 1914 bis 1918. 1915 wurde er Leutnant. Ab 1916 unterrichtete er als Lehrer an Gasschulen in Berlin und Leverkusen. 1918 ging er als Gasoffizier nach Mazedonien. Er erhielt das Eiserne Kreuz I.

1920 war er wieder zurück in seiner Assistentenstelle und wurde 1924 Privatdozent. Seit 1928 außerordentlicher Professor für Anorganische Chemie an der Technischen Hochschule Charlottenburg und seit 1933 NSDAP-Mitglied (Nr. 2.636.974), wurde Biesalski 1934 als Ordinarius für Analytische Chemie und Chemie des Bergbaus berufen. Neben der Chemie des Bergbaus war sein Spezialgebiet die Synthetisierung von Ersatzstoffen für Pflanzenfarben. Er war Mitglied im DIN-Fachnormenausschuss Farbe (FNF/DIN). 1945 wurde er emeritiert.

Als Liebhaber und Sammler der Gattung Iris gründete er 1950 die Deutsche Iris-Gesellschaft, deren Vorsitzender er bis 1959 war. 1959 trat er von der aktiven Arbeit zurück und sollte den neu geschaffenen Posten eines Präsidenten erhalten, wozu es aber nicht kam.

In der Nachkriegszeit erhielt er 1949 das Band des Hallenser Nachfolgecorps Saxonia Frankfurt/Main. Für Erich Bauer war Biesalski der "unzweifelhaft größte Sachkenner auf dem Gebiet der studentischen Kleinkunst". Biesalski besaß eine große Sammlung von Schattenrissen. Für den Verein für corpsstudentische Geschichtsforschung schrieb er maßgebliche Beiträge zur Geschichte der Silhouettenkunst. Heute hütet Kutz Makariae München, Franconiae Würzburg IdC, des Schacht Biesalskis Silhouettensammlung. Ernst Biesalski war ein passionierter Rosenzüchter. Er war Mitgründer und Vorsitzender der Deutschen Iris-Gesellschaft.

Ernst Biesalski lebte in Eldagsen und Berlin-Dahlem. Er starb, nur eine Woche nach seinem 82. Geburtstag, am 30. Oktober 1963 in Berlin. Er wurde im Familiengrab Biesalski auf dem Friedhof Zehlendorf beigesetzt. Dort ruht er neben seinem Bruder Konrad, der bereits 1930 an gleicher Stelle bestattet worden war.

Schriften
 1. Kondensation von Benzaldehyd mit Resorcin. 2. Anomalien der Raoultschen Molekulargewichtsbestimmung. Diss. Halle, 1908.
 Nachrichtenblatt der Deutschen Iris-Gesellschaft 1950–1959 (Redaktion, Beiträge)
 Pflanzenfarbenatlas für Gartenbau, Landwirtschaft und Forstwesen mit Farbzeichen nach DIN 6164. Göttingen 1957.
 Scherenschnitt und Schattenrisse. München 1964; 2. Aufl. 1978.
 Beitrag zur Kenntnis studentischer Silhouetten des K[ösener] S[enioren-]C[onvents-]V[erbands] und seiner Vorzeit. Einst und Jetzt, Bd. 1 (1956), S. 77–84.
 "Fide, sed cui vide!" im alten Halle. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der dortigen Saxonia von 1802. Einst und Jetzt, Bd. 4 (1959), S. 172–187.
 Technik und Typ der studentischen Silhouette. Einst und Jetzt, Bd. 5 (1960), S. 94–101.
 Das studentische Mensurbild in einer künstlerischen Auswahl I. Einst und Jetzt, Bd. 6 (1961), S. 112–122.
 Das allgemeine deutsche Studentenbild in einer künstlerischen Auswahl. Einst und Jetzt, Bd. 7 (1962), S. 45–48.
 Das studentische Mensurbild in einer künstlerischen Auswahl II. Einst und Jetzt, Bd. 8 (1963), S. 45–52.

Literatur
 Eduard Riecke: Physikalische Zeitschrift. Bd. 35, S. Hirzel Verlag 1934, S. 624.
 Biesalski, Ernst, in: Kürschners Deutscher Gelehrten-Kalender 1961, Band 1, A–N, S. 143.
 Nes, Herta van: Ernst Biesalski, in: Jahrbuch der deutschen Iris- ind Liliengesellschaft 1964, S. 18–21
 Biesalski, Ernst, in: Friedhelm Golücke: Verfasserlexikon zur Studenten- und Hochschulgeschichte. SH-Verlag, Köln 2004, ISBN 3-89498-130-X. S. 41–42.

Einzelnachweise

Chemiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Technische Universität Berlin)
Rosenzüchter
Sammler
Studentenhistoriker
Corpsstudent (20. Jahrhundert)
Träger des Eisernen Kreuzes I. Klasse
Deutscher
Geboren 1881
Gestorben 1963
Mann

Ernst Biesalski (Chemiker)


Jamie Lee Rattray (Kanata, 30 de setembro de 1992) é uma jogadora de hóquei no gelo canadense. Enquanto estava na faculdade, ela jogou pelo Clarkson Golden Knights. Em 2014, ela foi a vencedora do Prêmio Patty Kazmaier e ajudou Clarkson a ganhar seu primeiro campeonato de hóquei feminino da NCAA.

Rattray também foi membro da equipe nacional de hóquei em bola do Canadá que competiu no Campeonato Mundial de Hóquei em Bola de 2017. Em 11 de janeiro de 2022, foi convocada para a equipe do Canadá nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022 em Pequim, que conquistou a medalha de ouro.

Campeões olímpicos do Canadá
Jogadoras de hóquei no gelo do Canadá
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022
Jogadores de hóquei no gelo nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022

Jamie Lee Rattray


المبروك بنحمادي شهر المنجي حمادي، ولد في 21 فيفري 1955 بمدينة قبلي بالجنوب التونسي وتوفي بها إثر مرض عضال يوم 14 أوت 2014. مدرب كرة قدم.

لاعب كرة قدم
لعب المبروك حمادي والمعروف بالمنجي حمادي كرة القدم منذ كان عمره 10 سنوات، واستمر بدون انقطاع لمدة عشرين عاما، حيث كان في المنتخب الإقليمي للناشئين فيما بين 1965 و1968، ومنذ عام 1975 وإلى عام 1985 تقلد مهمة قائد فريق الواحة الرياضية بقبلي. كما لعب كرة القدم في منتخبات المعاهد الثانوية وفي المنتخبات الجامعية وكان على وشك الانضمام إلى أحد النوادي الكبرى بالعاصمة التونسية....

مدرب كرة قدم
دخل المبروك حمادي ميدان التدريب منذ عام 1979 إذ عهدت إليه الفئات السنية بنادي واحة قبلي، ومنتخبات التربية والتعليم. ومن الفرق التي تولى تدريبها منذئـذ:

 الواحة الرياضية بقبلي لعدة سنوات وكانت البداية منذ عام 1988. وقد عاد إليها هذا العام.
 في عام 1998-1999 تولى تدريب نادي نادي العروبة السعودي الذي صعد إلى الدرجة الأولى.
 في عام 2000 2001 درب الفريق الأول للهلال الرياضي بالرديف (درجة 1)	.
 وفي عام 2005-2006 درب الفريق الأول بنادي الحياد الليبي (درجة 1).
 والتحق في بداية الموسم 2008-2009 لتدريب نادي التعاون السعودي حيث كان محل تقدير وإعجاب بقدراته الفنية وأسلوبه في التدريب وبحسن تعامله مع الجميع,
إلاأنه انسحب معتذرا عن المواصلة مضطرا بسبب التزام سابق.
 2010-2011 عودة إلى نادي التعاون السعودي بالدوري المحترف-دوري زين-لتدريب الفريق الأولمبي
 كما قام بتدريب عدة نواد محلية أخرى.
ٍِّّْبعض الأوضاع الخاصة دفعته إلى الاعتذار عن تدريب بعض الأندية المحترفة..الأمر الذي جعله بعيدا عن الأضواءرغم ما يمتلكه من إمكانيات عريضة وأساليب راقية في التدريب فضلا عما عرف عنه من أخلاق رفيعة

في رصيده
 7 بطولات صعود إلى الدرجة الأعلى في تونس وفي السعودية
 6 بطولات الدرجة الأولى والثانية في تونس (الواحة الرياضية بقبلي ونادي دوز)
 بطولة الدرجة الثانية في المملكة العربية السعودية(نادي العروبة)
 تكوين عشرات اللاعبين وإلحاقهم بالبطولات المحترفة في تونس وخارجها.(مرابط- الجواشي- بن عمارة- دخيل-عبيد- بواب- كريدان -عاشور...)
 13 كاس وبطولة لفئات الشباب والناشئين من ضمنها بطولتي المنطقة والمنطقة الشمالية مع شباب العروبة بالسعودية.

وصلة خارجية
حوار مع المدرب المبروك بنحمادي على شبكة نادي الشباب السعودي

المراجع

مواليد 1955
مدربو كرة قدم تونسيون
وفيات 2014

المبروك بنحمادي


الدموع (مفردها دمعة) هي أحد السوائل الجسمية، سائل ناتج عن عمليات إنتاج وافراء واراقة لتنظيف العين.
العواطف القوية مثل الحزن أو شدة الفرحة والإثارة، من الممكن أن تؤدي إلى البكاء. وعمليئة التثاؤب من الممكن أن تتسبب في الدموع.

تصدر الدموع عندما يواجه عقل الإنسان موقف يصعب عليه تحمله فيصدر أمر إلى العين بإفراز الدموع كي تساعده على تحمل هذا الموقف كما تساعده على التعبير عن مدى تأثره بهذا الموقف فهي لا تدل دائما على الحزن وإنما تدل على شدة التأثر.

الوظيفة الحيوية للدموع

لدى البشر، هناك طبقة شفافة من السائل الدمعي تغطي العين، وتعرف بفلم أمام القرنية، ويتكون من ثلاث طبقات مختلفة، وهي بالترتيب من الخارج إلى الداخل كالتالي:

في حالة نقص سماكة طبقات السوائل الدمعية عن المعدل الطبيعي، فإن الإنسان قد يفقد القدرة على استعمال العدسات اللاصقة حيث أن تزداد كمية الأوكسجين التي يحتاج إليها، بينما تمنع العدسات اللاصقة الأوكسجين من الوصول إلى العين. في حالة نقص سماكة طبقات السوائل الدمعية، فإن هذه السوائل ستجف عند استعمال العدسات اللاصقة. تتوفر قطرات للعين بمواصفات خاصة للابسي العدسات اللاصقة وكذلك فإن بعض أنواع العدسات اللاصقة مصممة بحيث تسمح بمرور كمية من الأوكسجين خلالها نحو العين.

مراجع

سوائل الجسم
عين
غدد خارجية الإفراز
فيزيولوجيا الإنسان

دموع


مندن   مدينة ألمانية، يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 83,000 نسمة، تقع في شمال شرق ولاية شمال الراين - وستفاليا الألمانية.

عنها
تقع المدينة على ضفاف نهر فيزر وهي عاصمة ناحية مندن-لوبيكه في شرقي وستفاليا التابعة لمحافظة دتمولد، المركز السياسي التاريخي لبلاد مندن. تشتهر مندن بتقاطع الممرات المائية الذي تتقاطع عبر منشآته قناة البلاد الوسطى ونهر فيزر. تتواجد في المدينة الأسقفية السابقة التي يبلغ عمرها أكثر من 1200 عامًا، إضافة إلى العديد من مباني عصر نهضة فيزر، إضافة إلى الكاتدرائية التي تعتبر معلمًا معماريًا تاريخيًا هامًا.

توأمة
لمندن اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من:

 منطقة ساتون
 غاغني
 شارلوتنبورج فيلمسدورف
 تانغرمونده
 غرودنو

أعلام

 هانس كرامر
 هاينرش فون هيرفورد
 كارل هوفمان
 فريدريش بيسل
 فرانز بواس
 جيرترد فون لي فورت
 سابينه لويتهويزر شنارينبيرغير
 رينيه كارول

مراجع

مندن
أعضاء الرابطة الهانزية
مدن شمال الراين-وستفاليا
مقاطعة ويستفاليا
مواقع المحرقة في ألمانيا

مندن


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 24 Şubat – Jacques de Vaucanson, Fransız mucit (d. 1782)
 10 Mart – Georg Steller, Alman doğa bilimci (d. 1746)
 14 Nisan – Charles Collé, Fransız oyun yazarı (d. 1783)
 7 Ağustos – Jean-Jacques Lefranc, Fransız şair (d. 1784)
 8 Ağustos – Tokugawa Ietsugu, (d. 1716)
 Eylül – John Cleland, İngiliz romancı (d. 1789)
 18 Eylül – Samuel Johnson, İngiliz yazar (ö. 1784)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Madrup Yusuf Efendi, Osmanlı kadısı ve müderris
 Thomas Alcock, İngiliz rahip (d. 1798)

Ölümler
 16 Ocak – Emperor Higashiyama of Japan (b. 1675)
 20 Ocak – François de la Chaise, French confessor of Louis XIV of France (b. 1624)
 24 Ocak – George Rooke, English admiral (b. 1650)
 February 8 – Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (b. 1658)
 February 9 – François Louis, Prince of Conti, French general (b. 1664)
 9 Mart – Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, English diplomat
 21 Nisan – Gorgin Khan, Persian Governor of Kandahar (b. 1651)
 29 Haziran – Antoine Thomas, Belgian Jesuit astronomer in China (b. 1644)
 30 Haziran – Edward Lhuyd, Welsh scientist (b. 1660)
 July 17 – Robert Bolling, English settler in Virginia (b. 1646)
 September 14 – Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero, Spanish cardinal and archbishop of Toledo (b. 1635)
 2 Ekim – Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Ukraine (b. 1639)
 9 Ekim – Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1640)
 December 1 – Abraham a Sancta Clara, Austrian preacher (b. 1644)
 December 8 – Thomas Corneille, French dramatist (b. 1625)

1709


Kosowa (ukrainisch und russisch , polnisch Kozowa) ist eine Siedlung städtischen Typs in der Westukraine etwa 33 Kilometer südwestlich der Oblasthauptstadt Ternopil am Fluss Koropez gelegen.

Geschichte
Der Ort wird 1440 zum ersten Mal schriftlich erwähnt, im Jahr 1650 erhielt er das Magdeburger Stadtrecht verliehen und gehörte dann bis 1772 in der Woiwodschaft Ruthenien, zur Adelsrepublik Polen-Litauen. Mit den Teilungen Polens fiel der Ort an das österreichische Galizien, hier war der Ort zwischen 1854 und 1867 Sitz einer Bezirkshauptmannschaft und gehörte danach schließlich bis 1918 zum Bezirk Brzeżany, gleichzeitig wurde im Ort ein Bezirksgericht eingerichtet.
Am 25. Januar 1897 kam es zur Eröffnung eines Bahnhofs an der Staatsbahnlinie Halicz–Ostrów-Berezowica, ein Teil der heutigen Bahnstrecke Stryj–Ternopil.

Nach dem Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges kam der Ort zu Polen (in die Woiwodschaft Tarnopol), wurde im Zweiten Weltkrieg kurzzeitig von der Sowjetunion und dann bis 1944 von Deutschland besetzt. 1940 unter sowjetischer Herrschaft wurde sie schließlich zu einer Siedlung städtischen Typs herabgestuft, gleichzeitig aber zur Rajonshauptstadt des gleichnamigen Rajons bestimmt.

Nach dem Ende des Krieges wurde der Ort der Sowjetunion zugeschlagen, dort kam die Stadt zur Ukrainischen SSR und ist seit 1991 ein Teil der heutigen Ukraine.

Verwaltungsgliederung
Am 12. Juni 2020 wurde die Siedlung zum Zentrum der neugegründeten Siedlungsgemeinde Kosowa (Козівська селищна громада/Kosiwska selyschtschna hromada), bis dahin bildete sie die gleichnamige Siedlungsratsgemeinde Kosowa (Козівська селищна рада/Kosiwska selyschtschna rada) im Süden des Rajons Kosowa.

Seit dem 17. Juli 2020 ist sie ein Teil des Rajons Ternopil.

Folgende Orte sind neben dem Hauptort Kosowa Teil der Gemeinde:

Söhne und Töchter der Ortschaft
 Iryna Stelmach (* 1993), Handballspielerin
 Natalija Wolownyk (* 1993), Handballspielerin

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in der Oblast Ternopil
Ersterwähnung 1440
Stadtrechtsverleihung 1650
Rajon Ternopil

Kosowa


Le  taux de suicide standardisé en Suisse fut de 10,7 pour  (hommes 15,5, femmes 6,0) en 2015. Le taux réel (non standardisé) fut de 12,5 (hommes 18,5, femmes 6,6) en 2014.

Statistiques
Le taux de suicide suisse de 10,7 en 2015 (hommes 15,5, femmes 6,0) publié par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé est « normalisé selon l'âge », tentant de contrôler les différences de structure par âge à des fins de comparaison internationale. Le taux de suicide standardisé suisse est similaire aux taux de la France voisine (12,7 ; hommes 19,0, femmes 5,9), de l'Autriche (11,7 ; hommes 18,5, femmes 5,3) et de l'Allemagne (9,1 ; hommes 14,5, femmes 4,5). Il est légèrement inférieur à la moyenne européenne de 11,93 et proche de la moyenne mondiale de 10,67.

Le taux de suicide brut (non standardisé) suisse est un peu plus élevé ; en 2014,  personnes se sont suicidées sans assistance (754 hommes, 275 femmes), soit un taux de 12,5 pour  (18,5 hommes, 6,6 femmes).

Ne sont pas inclus 742 suicides assistés (320 hommes, 422 femmes) ; la plupart des suicides assistés concernaient des personnes âgées atteintes d'une maladie en phase terminale.

Les statistiques suisses des causes de décès par années de vie potentielle perdues (AVP) de 2014 estiment les suicides à  pour les hommes (12 % des AVP toutes causes de décès) et  pour les femmes (8 % des AVP toutes causes de la mort). Les taux standardisés d'AVP pour 100 000 personnes par rapport à la population standard européenne de 2010 (Eurostat 2013) sont de 327,0 pour les hommes (29 heures par habitant) et de 128,6 (11 heures par habitant) pour les femmes.

Le taux de suicide a continuellement diminué depuis 1980 jusqu'au années 2000. Vers 2010, cette tendance s'est arrêtée et il n'y a plus eu de réduction significative des taux de suicide. Le pic des années 1980 a été précédé d'un taux historiquement bas de 17 pour 100 000 dans les années 1960. Le ratio hommes—femmes a été réduit de 6:1 à la fin du XIXe siècle à environ 2,5:1 aujourd'hui. En 1881, le taux de suicide des hommes était de 42 pour , près de 2,5 fois la valeur moderne, tandis que le taux de suicide des femmes était de 7 pour , comparable à la valeur moderne.

Les cantons suisses avec les taux de suicide les plus élevés pour la période 2001 – 2010 étaient Appenzell Rhodes-Extérieures pour les hommes (37) et le canton de Schaffhouse pour les femmes (10) ; le canton avec le taux de suicide le plus bas était le Tessin italophone (hommes 14, femmes 5), cohérent avec des taux plus faibles en Europe du Sud, mais nettement supérieur au taux de l'Italie voisine (à 5,4 en 2015).

Une statistique des méthodes de suicide compilées pour la période de 2001–2012 a constaté que la méthode de suicide choisi par les hommes était de tir (29,7 %), suivi par pendaison (28,7 %), le poison (16,5 %), en sautant d'une hauteur (9,8 % ) et en train (7,9 %). Les chiffres pour les femmes sont nettement différentes, la méthode la plus utilisée étant le poison (38,8 %) et un taux plus élevés pour le saut d'une hauteur (16,0 %) et par le train (9,5 %), mais un taux plus faibles pour la pendaison (18,5 %) et le tir (3,0 %).

Le suicide assisté
En 2014, un total de 742 suicides assistés (320 hommes, 422 femmes) ont été enregistrés, soit 1,2 % des décès dans la population résidente de la Suisse. Cela représente une augmentation de plus de 250 % par rapport à 2009 ; alors que le taux de suicide total est en baisse depuis les années 1980, le suicide assisté a augmenté de manière significative depuis 2000. Dans 94 % des cas, les personnes optant pour le suicide assisté avaient plus de 55 ans et souffraient pour la majorité des cas d'une maladie terminale (42 % cancer, 14 % neurodégénérescence (exemple : Parkinson ), 11 % maladies cardiovasculaires, 10 % troubles musculo-squelettiques ). Le taux était plus élevé dans le canton de Zürich (1,4 % des décès), suivi de Genève (1,3 %).

Le suicide assisté est légal depuis 1941 s'il est pratiqué par un non-médecin sans intérêt direct dans la mort de cet individu. La loi interdit aux médecins, conjoints, enfants ou autres personnes apparentées de participer directement au décès d'une personne. De nombreux citoyens d'autres pays traversent la Suisse pour mettre fin à leurs jours. En 2011, un projet d'interdiction de cette pratique de « tourisme suicide » a été rejeté par le vote populaire dans le canton de Zürich avec 78 % de votre contre. Les lois réglementant l'aide au suicide ne limitent pas la pratique aux malades en phase terminale, il faut cependant que la personne qui sollicite l'aide au suicide le fasse en pleine possession de sa capacité de décision (les statistiques sur l'aide au suicide montrent une minorité de cas citant la dépression comme maladie pertinente). Le gouvernement suisse a néanmoins annoncé en 2011 son intention de demander une modification de ses lois « pour s'assurer qu'elle ne soit utilisée qu'en dernier recours par les malades en phase terminale ». Dignitas, un groupe suisse qui facilite le suicide, exige que les patients fournissent par écrit une preuve médicale et un pronostic précis précisant la maladie en phase terminale.

Cas médiatisés
En , la docteure britannique Anne Turner s'est suicidée dans une clinique de Zurich après avoir développé une maladie dégénérative incurable. Son histoire a été rapportée par la BBC puis en 2009, transformée en un téléfilm Un court séjour en Suisse.

En , le chef d'orchestre britannique Sir Edward Downes et son épouse Joan sont décédés ensemble dans une clinique du suicide à l'extérieur de Zurich « dans les circonstances de leur choix ». Sir Edward n'était pas en phase terminale, mais sa femme a été diagnostiquée avec un cancer à développement rapide.

Référendums cantonaux
En , le canton de Zurich a organisé un référendum demandant aux électeurs si (i) le suicide assisté devait être purement et simplement interdit ; et (ii) si Dignitas et d'autres fournisseurs d'aide au suicide devraient refuser d'admettre les personnes étrangères. Les électeurs de Zurich ont fortement rejeté les deux proposition, malgré le lobbying anti-euthanasie de deux partis politiques sociaux-conservateurs suisses, le Parti populaire évangélique de Suisse et l'Union démocratique fédérale. La proposition d'interdiction pure et simple a été rejetée par 84 % des électeurs, tandis que 78 % ont voté pour maintenir les services ouverts aux étrangers qui en aurait besoin.

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Démographie de la Suisse
 Épidémiologie du suicide
 Liste des pays par taux de suicide
 Euthanasie en Suisse

Liens externes
 fssz.ch

Société suisse
Culture suisse
Suicide en Suisse
Pages avec des traductions non relues

Suicide en Suisse


الطائرة الدوَّارة أو طائرة جيرو أو أوتوجيرو هي نوع من طائرات دوار تم اختراعه من قبل الإسباني خوان دي لا سيرفا عام 1919، وأقلعة بنجاح في 9 يناير عام 1923 في حقل طيران كواترو فينتوس (Cuatro Vientos Airfield) في مدريد. وهي تستخدم دوار كالمروحية لتقلع. وفي حين تستخدم المروحية محرك لتدير الدوار، تستخدم الطائرة الدورة قوى حركية هوائية لتدير الدور عن طريق دوران ذاتي. ويقوم محرك بتشغيل مروحة لتؤمن الدفع الأمامي للطائرة الدوارة.

مراجع

أشكال الطائرات
استحداثات 1923
اختراعات إسبانية
مركبات اخترعت في 1923

أوتوجيرو


Smínthi, en , est un village  de Macédoine-Orientale-et-Thrace, en Grèce. La localité est le siège du dème de Mýki.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du village compte  tandis que celle du dème s'élève à .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Village en Macédoine-Orientale-et-Thrace

Smínthi


An Aristida warburgii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Christian Mez. An Aristida warburgii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aristida, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Queensland. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Aristida

Aristida warburgii


Uska (Škoj od Uske) je nenaseljeni otočić uz južnu obalu Lastova, nedaleno Skrivene Luke.

Površina otoka je 3640 m2, a visina oko 4 metra.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Lastovsko otočje

Uska


පරිසර ඌනතා ව්‍යාබාධය ලෙසින් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ, 2005 වසරෙහි ප්‍රකාශයට පත් ඔහුගේ ග්‍රන්ථයක් වූ  ලාස්ට් චයිල්ඩ් ඉන් ද වුඩ්ස් තුල රිචඩ් ලූව් විසින් ඉදිරිපත් කෙරුණු උපකල්පිතයක් වන අතර එහි දැක්වෙන පරිදී, මානවයන්, විශේෂයෙන්ම දරුවන්, අඩු කාලයක් එළිමහනේ කාලය ගතකරන අතර  එම නිසාම පුළුල් පරාසයක චර්යාත්මක ගැටළුවලට ගොදුරු වෙති.

ආශ්‍රිත

බාහිර සබැඳි
රිචඩ් ලූව්ගේ වෙබ් අඩවිය
චිල්ඩ්රන් ඇන්ඩ් නේචර් නෙට්වර්ක්
නේචර් බුක්ස්, දරුවන් ස්වභාවධර්මය හා සම්බන්ධ කිරීමට දෙමව්පියන් දිරිමත් කිරීමට හා බලාත්මක කිරීමට රිචඩ් ලුව් සහ චිල්ඩ්රන් ඇන්ඩ් නේචර් නෙට්වර්ක් විසින් ඇරඹුනු වැඩසටහන
ජාතික වනජීවී සන්දීයනයෙහි ග්‍රීන් අවර් වෙබ් අඩවිය

සංවර්ධනාත්මක මනෝවිද්‍යාව
පාරිසරීය මනෝවිද්‍යාව
එළිමහන් අධ්‍යාපනය
ළමා කාලය

පරිසර ඌනතා ව්‍යාබාධය


Martin Schulz (Eschweiler, 20. prosinca 1955.), njemački političar, predsjednik Socijaldemokratske stranke Njemačke, dugogodišnji zastupnik i   predsjednik Europskog parlamenta od siječnja 2012. do siječnja 2017. godine, kada ga je na toj dužnosti naslijedio Antonio Tajani.

Bio je kandidat SPD-a za kancelara za njemačkim saveznim izborima 2017., na kojima ga je porazila Angela Merkel.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službene stranice
 Martin Schulz: Zastupnička iskaznica  na stranicama Europskog parlamenta

Njemački političari od 1989.

Martin Schulz


Un amor de película es una telenovela estadounidense realizada en Los Ángeles y Hollywood, tanto como en Miami y España. Producida por Telemundo y GenTV.

La telenovela es producida por Silvana Tukson, junto con Aurelio Varcarcel, la telenovela cuenta con la participación protagónica de Litzy y Eugenio Siller y las participaciones antagónicas de José Luis Reséndez, Maritza Rodríguez y  Maritza Bustamante como villanos principales

Sinopsis
Fernando (Eugenio Siller) es un joven de 27 años un poco acomodado que viaja a Los Ángeles para convertirse en un director de películas. Allí conocerá a su cinefilia llamada Alexandra convirtiéndose en su amor de película, pero este camino estará lleno de obstáculos.

Trama
Luego de muchos trabajos como salvavidas en Miami, Fernando se ve obligado a radicarse en Los Ángeles con su madre Carlota debido a sus problemas económicos se ve en la situación de ser un modelo suplente de Vlverde Models.

Elenco

Elenco Principal
 Litzy .... Alexandra Valverde de las Salas
 Eugenio Siller .... Fernando Castillo Rangel
 Maritza Rodríguez .... Renata de las Salas de Valverde
 Maritza Bustamante .... Tamara Quinto Valverde
 Saúl Lisazo .... Ariel Valverde Rugeles
 José Luis Reséndez .... Juan José Valleldivia Rojas
 Natalia Ramírez .... Carlota Rangel Vda. de Castillo
 Eleazar Gómez .... Aldo Valverde de las Salas
 Vanessa Pose .... Elizabeth "Eli" Alcandriz Voltaire

Elenco Secundario
 Mara Croatto .... Rosalía Valverde de Quinto
 Vanessa Villela .... Augusta McFarrell
 Aimario Ferrer.... Antonio "Tony Beltrán
 Roberto Vander .... Rodrigo Basañes
 Ana Suárez .... Enelda Roenes Bueno
 Alejandra Soto .... Karina de las Salas

Telenovelas de 2011
Telenovelas de Telemundo

Un amor de película


Salmanköy, Çorum ilinin Sungurlu ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1919 yılı kayıtlarında Süleyman, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında ise Salman olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 72 km, Sungurlu ilçe merkezine 18 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Sungurlu belde ve köyleri

Salmanköy, Sungurlu


Republička liga Crne Gore (Crnogorska republička nogometna liga) je bila liga trećeg stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1983./84.  Sudjelovalo je 16 klubova, a prvak je bio "OFK Titograd" iz današnje Podgorice.

Ljestvica

 Titograd – tadašnji naziv za Podgoricu

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Unutrašnje poveznice

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 Novak Jovanović: Fudbalska takmičenja u Crnoj Gori : 1925-1985 , Cetinje, 1991., UDK: 796.332.093(497.16)"1925/1985", str. 59
 Zdravko V. Gavrilović: Od Sloge do Iskre : (monografija) : 85 godina fudbala u Bjelopavlićima 1919-2004 , Podgorica, 2004., UDK: 796.332(497.16)"1919/2004" 796.332:061.2(497.16)(091), str. 354-356
 Slaven Zambata i dr: Nogomet 84, Zagreb, 1984, UDK: 796.332"1984", str. 38-39

1983-84 1
CG 1 republička
1983-84 1 republička
1983-84 1

Crnogorska republička nogometna liga 1983./84.


O USS New Orleans foi um cruzador pesado operado pela Marinha dos Estados Unidos e a primeira embarcação da Classe New Orleans, seguido pelo , , , ,  e . Sua construção começou em março de 1931 no Estaleiro Naval de Nova Iorque e foi lançado ao mar em abril de 1933, sendo comissionado na frota norte-americana em fevereiro do ano seguinte. Era armado com uma bateria principal composta por nove canhões de 203 milímetros montados em três torres de artilharia triplas, tinha um deslocamento carregado de mais de doze mil toneladas e alcançava uma velocidade máxima de 32 nós.

O New Orleans teve uma carreira relativamente tranquila durante seus primeiros anos de serviço, ocupando a maior parte de seu tempo com treinamentos e exercícios de rotina junto com o resto da frota. Atuou principalmente no Oceano Pacífico, primeiro a partir da Califórnia e depois do Havaí. O cruzador estava presente durante o Ataque a Pearl Harbor em dezembro de 1941, em que sua tripulação passou munição manualmente entre si para poderem utilizar suas armas antiaéreas contra as aeronaves japonesas. O New Orleans sofreu apenas danos leves durante o ataque e logo foi colocado de volta à ativa, sendo inicialmente designado para a escolta de comboios na Guerra do Pacífico.

Pouco depois foi colocado na escolta de porta-aviões, desempenhando esta função nas Batalhas do Mar de Coral e Midway. Em seguida atuou na Campanha de Guadalcanal, participando das Batalhas das Salomão Orientais e Tassafaronga, sendo torpedeado e seriamente danificado nesta última. Foi reparado e empregado em escoltas e bombardeios litorâneos nas Campanha das Ilhas Gilbert e Marshall, Nova Guiné, Ilhas Marianas e Palau, Filipinas e Ilhas Vulcano e Ryūkyū, incluindo as Batalhas do Mar das Filipinias, Golfo de Leyte e Okinawa. A guerra terminou em 1945 e o New Orleans foi descomissionado no início de 1947, permanecendo inativo até ser desmontado em 1959.

Ligações externas

Classe New Orleans
Navios de 1933
Navios construídos em Nova Iorque
Navios construídos pelo Brooklyn Navy Yard
Cruzadores da Marinha dos Estados Unidos
Cruzadores dos Estados Unidos na Segunda Guerra Mundial

USS New Orleans (CA-32)


Lois Orr, née en 1917 à Louisville et morte en août 1985, est une militante américaine engagée au POUM à Barcelone durant la guerre d'Espagne.

Biographie
Née le 23 avril 1917 à Louisville, dans le Kentucky, Lois Orr étudie à l'Université de Louisville, où elle rencontre Charles Orr qu'elle épouse. Leur lune de miel se déroule en Europe, et ils y observent la montée du fascisme et l'arrivée au pouvoir des nazis en Allemagne. En 1936, alors qu'ils s'apprêtent à se rendre en Inde, ils apprennent le déclenchement de la guerre d'Espagne.

Lois Orr est très idéaliste est veut rejoindre la Révolution sociale espagnole de 1936. Le couple s'installe à Barcelone à l'automne 1936, dans une Catalogne fidèle à la Seconde République. Lois adhère au POUM et travaille au service de propagande du gouvernement catalan. Ils rencontrent pendant leur séjour d'autres personnalités, comme l'anarchiste français Gaston Leval ou Eileen Blair, l'épouse de George Orwell, qui travaille avec Charles au POUM.

Ils sont dans la ville lorsqu'éclatent les Journées de mai 1937 à Barcelone.

Le 16 juin, le POUM est déclaré illégal par le gouvernement de Juan Negrín. L'ancien ministre catalan Andreu Nin est arrêté, puis assassiné le 20 juin à Alcalá de Henares, sur ordre d'Alexandre Orlov, responsable du NKVD en Espagne.

Lois et Charles sont arrêtés le 17 juin. Finalement libérés le 1er juillet, Mahlon Perkins, le consul américain de Barcelone, les fait embarquer au port de Barcelone sur un bateau en partance pour Marseille.

Ils se rendent à Paris, où ils viennent en aide aux exilés espagnols, avant de revenir aux Etats-Unis où ils militent avec les trotskystes américains puis au Parti socialiste des travailleurs.

En 2009, la correspondance de Lois Orr depuis Barcelone, témoignage de la vie en Catalogne pendant la guerre, est publiée à titre posthume par le professeur de Sciences-Po Gerd-Rainer Horn.

Bibliographie

Voir aussi

 Brigades internationales
 Parti ouvrier d'unification marxiste (POUM)

Références

Liens externes

Féministe américaine
Personnalité américaine de la guerre d'Espagne
Membre des Brigades internationales (États-Unis)
Antifasciste
Personnalité du Parti ouvrier d'unification marxiste
Socialiste libertaire
Socialiste américain
Femme dans la guerre d'Espagne
Antifranquiste américain

Lois Orr


පළමු පදය a සහ පොදු අනුපාතය r වන ගුණෝත්තර ශ්‍රේණියක n වැනි පදය

an = arn-1 මගින් දෙනු ලැබේ.

එවැනි ගුණෝත්තර ශ්‍රේඪියක්

1 වන සෑම පූර්ණ සංඛ්‍යාවක් සඳහාම an = r.an-1 යන ආවර්තිත සම්බන්ධයද අනුගමනය කරයි.

සාමාන්‍යයෙන් දී ඇති ශ්‍රේඪියක්, ගුණෝත්තර ශ්‍රේඪියක් දැයි පරීක්ෂා කිරීමට, අයෙක් සරලවම ශ්‍රේඪියේ අනුයාත පද අතර අනුපාතය සමාන දැයි බලයි.

ගුණෝත්තර ශ්‍රේඪියක පොදු අනුපාතය සෘණ වීමටද පුළුවන එවිට පදයක් ඇර පදයක් සෘණ හා ධන වන සංඛ්‍යා ඇති අනුක්‍රමයක් ලැබේ. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස 1, -3, 9, -27, 81, -243, ...... යනු පොදු අනුපාතය -3 වන ගුණෝත්තර ශ්‍රේඪියකි.

ගුණෝත්තර ශ්‍රේඪියක හැසිරීම පොදු අනුපාතයේ අගය මතරඳා පවතී. පොදු අනුපාතය
ධන නම්, සෑම පදයක්ම මුල පදයේ ලකුණම ගනී.
සෘණ නම්, පදයක් ඇර පදයක් සෘණ හා ධන වේ.
1 ට වඩා විශාල නම් ධන අනන්තය වෙතට ඝාතිය වර්ධනයක් සිදු‍වේ.
1 නම්, ශ්‍රේණියේ නියත අනුක්‍රමයකි
-1 හා 1අතර නමුත් ශුන්‍ය නොවේ නම්, ශුන්‍ය කරා ඝාතිය අඩුවීමක් සිදුවේ.
-1 නම් ශ්‍රේණිය ඒකාන්තරණ අනුක්‍රමයකි. (ඒකාන්තරණ ශ්‍රේණි බලන්න)
-1 ට වඩා අඩු නම්, අනන්තය (ධන හා සෘණ) වෙතට ඝාතිය වර්ධනයක් සිදුවේ.

4, 15, 26, 37, 48, ...... (පොදු අන්තරය 11 වු) වැනි සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේඪියක රේඛීය වර්ධනයට (හෝ අඩුවීමට) විරුද්ධ ලෙස ගුණෝත්තර ශ්‍රේඪි (-1, 1 හෝ ශුන්‍ය නොවන පොදු අනුපාතයක් සහිත) ඝාතිය වර්ධනයක් හෝ ඝාතිය අඩුවික් පෙන්වයි. T.R මැල්දස් ඔහුගේ ජනගහණය පිළිබඳ මූලධර්මයේ ගණිතමය පදනම ලෙස මෙම මූල ධර්මය භාවිතා කරන ලදී. මෙම ශ්‍රේඪි වර්ග 2 එකිනෙකට සම්බන්ද බව සලකන්න. ගුණෝත්තර ශ්‍රේඪියක සෑම පදයකම ධන පොදු අනුපාතයක් සහිතව ලඝුගණකය ගැනිමෙන් සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේඪියක් ලබාගත හැකි අතරම සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේඪියක සෑම පදයක්ම ඝාතිය කිරීමෙන් ගුණෝත්තර ශ්‍රේඪියක් ලබාගත හැක.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_progression#Elementary_properties

 ගණිතය

ගුණෝත්තර ශ්‍රේණියක මූලික ගුණ


El estadio Central Sindical (en ruso: Центральный стадион профсоюзов, Tsentralnyi stadion profsoyuzov) es un estadio multiusos situado en el Complejo Deportivo "Central" de la ciudad de Vorónezh, Rusia. Fue inaugurado en 1934, tiene una capacidad para 25 000 espectadores sentados —el tercero más grande de Rusia tras Luzhniki y el Metallurg de Samara— y en él disputa sus partidos como local el Fakel Voronezh, el club de fútbol de la ciudad.

Véase también
 Anexo:Estadios de fútbol de Rusia

Enlaces externos
Sitio web oficial

Estadios de fútbol de Rusia del siglo XX
Estadios de fútbol inaugurados en 1932
Óblast de Vorónezh
Unión Soviética en 1932

Estadio Central Sindical


Termenul de diazepină face referire la un compus heterociclic heptaciclic, polinesaturat, ce conține doi atomi de azot, cu formula chimică C5H6N2

Izomerii sunt:

Vezi și
 Azepină
 Benzodiazepină

Diazepină