Pneumoencephalography (sometimes abbreviated PEG; also referred to as an "air study") was a common medical procedure in which most of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was drained from around the brain by means of a lumbar puncture and replaced with air, oxygen, or helium to allow the structure of the brain to show up more clearly on an X-ray image. It was derived from ventriculography, an earlier and more primitive method where the air is injected through holes drilled in the skull.

The procedure was introduced in 1919 by the American neurosurgeon Walter Dandy and was performed extensively until the late 1970s, when it was replaced by more-sophisticated and less-invasive modern neuroimaging techniques.

Procedure
Though pneumoencephalography was the single most important way of localizing brain lesions of its time, it was nevertheless extremely painful and generally not well tolerated by conscious patients. Pneumoencephalography was associated with a wide range of side-effects, including headaches and severe vomiting, often lasting well past the procedure. During the study, the patient's entire body would be rotated into different positions in order to allow air to displace the CSF in different areas of the ventricular system and around the brain.  The patient would be strapped into an open backed chair which allowed the spinal needle to be inserted, and they would need to be secured well, for they would be turned upside down at times during the procedure and then somersaulted into a face down position in a specific order to follow the air to different areas in the ventricles.  This further added to the patient's already heightened level of discomfort (if not anesthetized). A related procedure is pneumomyelography, where gas is used similarly to investigate the spinal canal.

Limitations
Pneumoencephalography makes use of plain X-ray images. These are very poor at resolving soft tissues, such as the brain. Moreover, all the structures captured in the image are superimposed on top of each other, which makes it difficult to pick out individual items of interest (unlike modern scanners which are able to produce fine virtual slices of the body, including of soft tissues). Therefore, pneumoencephalography did not usually image abnormalities directly, rather their secondary effects. The overall structure of the brain contains crevices and cavities which are filled by the CSF. Both the brain and the CSF produce similar signals on an X-ray image. However, draining the CSF allows for greater contrast between the brain matter and the (now drained) crevices in and around it, which then show up as dark shadows on the X-ray image. The aim of pneumoencephalography is to outline these shadow-forming air-filled structures so that their shape and anatomical location can be examined. Following the procedure, an experienced radiologist reviews the X-ray films to see if the shape or location of these structures have been distorted or shifted by the presence of certain kinds of lesions. This also means that in order to show up on the images, lesions have to either be located right on the edge of the structures or if located elsewhere in the brain, be large enough to push on surrounding healthy tissues to an extent necessary to cause a distortion in the shape of the more distant air-filled cavities (and hence more-distant tumors detected this way tended to be fairly large).

Despite its overall usefulness, there were major portions of the brain and other structures of the head that pneumoencephalography was unable to image. This was partially compensated by increased use of angiography as a complementary diagnostic tool, often in an attempt to infer the condition of non-neurovascular pathology from its secondary vascular characteristics. This additional testing was not without risk though, particularly due to the rudimentary catheterization techniques and deleterious radiocontrast agents of the day. Another drawback of pneumoencephalography was that the risk and discomfort it carried meant that repeat studies were generally avoided, thus making it difficult to assess disease progression over time.

Current use
Modern imaging techniques such as MRI and CT have rendered pneumoencephalography obsolete. Widespread clinical use of diagnostic tools using these newer technologies began in the mid-to-late 1970s. These revolutionized the field of neuroimaging by not only being able to non-invasively examine all parts of the brain and its surrounding tissues, but also by doing so in much greater detail than previously available with plain X-rays, therefore making it possible to directly visualize and precisely localize soft-tissue abnormalities inside the skull. This led to significantly improved patient outcomes while reducing discomfort. Today, pneumoencephalography is limited to the research field and is used under rare circumstances.

See also
Mass effect
History of neuroimaging
Neuroimaging

References

External links
Neuroradiology in the pre CT era – Presentation about historical neuroradiology techniques from the Yale Medical School. Pneumoencephalography discussion begins approximately 21 minutes into the presentation.

Neuroimaging
Projectional radiography
American inventions

Pneumoencephalography


Savovo () ist ein Dorf in Serbien.

Geographie und Bevölkerung
Das Dorf liegt in der Opština Kraljevo, im Okrug Raška. Savovo hatte bei der Volkszählung 2002 166 Einwohner, während es 1991 256 Einwohner waren. Nach den letzten drei Bevölkerungsstatistiken fällt die Einwohnerzahl weiter. Die Bevölkerung stellen orthodoxe Serben. Das Dorf besteht aus 70 Haushalten. Savovo liegt südwestlich von Kraljevo und östlich von der Kleinstadt Ivanjica.

Demographie

Belege
 Knjiga 9, Stanovništvo, uporedni pregled broja stanovnika 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002, podaci po naseljima, Republički zavod za statistiku, Beograd, maj 2004, ISBN 86-84433-14-9
 Knjiga 1, Stanovništvo, nacionalna ili etnička pripadnost, podaci po naseljima, Republički zavod za statistiku, Beograd, Februar 2003, ISBN 86-84433-00-9
 Knjiga 2, Stanovništvo, pol i starost, podaci po naseljima, Republički zavod za statistiku, Beograd, Februar 2003, ISBN 86-84433-01-7

Ort in der Opština Kraljevo

Savovo


was a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan.

At the time of its merger, the city had an estimated population of 102,720 and a density of 11,350 persons per km2. The total area was 9.05 km2.

The area of modern Hōya was an agricultural region and agricultural products transshipment center for Edo in the premodern period, and was part of ancient Musashi Province. After the Meiji Restoration it came under the jurisdiction of the short-lived prefectures of Shinagawa (1868), Irima (1871), Kumagaya (1873) and Saitama (1876).

On April 1, 1889, the villages of Kamihōya, Shimohōya, and Hōya-shinden merged to form the village of Hoya within Niikura District, then a portion of Saitama Prefecture. The district merged with Kitaadachi District in 1896, but subsequently was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1907. Hōya was connected to central Tokyo by train from 1915. Hoya was elevated to town status in 1940, and to city status in 1967.

On January 21, 2001, Hōya was merged with the neighboring city of Tanashi to create the city of Nishi-Tōkyō, and Hōya thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.

External links

Populated places disestablished in 2001
Dissolved municipalities of Tokyo
Nishitōkyō, Tokyo

Hōya, Tokyo


Darl Douglas (Paramaribo, Surinam, 5 de octubre de 1979) es un futbolista surinamés. Juega de delantero y su equipo actual es el Heracles Almelo de la Eredivisie de Holanda.

Clubes

Enlaces externos
 Perfil de Douglas en Transfermarkt.de (en alemán)
 Perfil de Douglas en VoetbalInternational.nl (en Idioma neerlandés)

Futbolistas de Surinam
Futbolistas del RBC Roosendaal
Futbolistas del Heracles Almelo
Futbolistas del Football Club Utrecht
Futbolistas del Club Sport Marítimo
Emigrantes surinameses hacia los Países Bajos

Darl Douglas


Hoșen sau pe numele lui întreg Hoșen Hamișpat (în ebraică:חושן= hoshen, חושן המשפט = hòshen hamishpat, adică "hoșenul sau pieptarul judecății")
este un pieptar numit și pieptarul judecății, unul din cele opt veștminte ale marelui preot (Hakohén hagadol) în timp ce slujea în Templul din Ierusalim. El era așezat pe pieptul marelui preot și era încrustat cu 12 pietre scumpe diferite reprezentând cele 12 triburi ale fiilor lui Israel.
Porunca de a confecționa hoșenul se află în Cartea Exodului din Torá sau Pentateuh (pericopa săptămânală iudaică תצוה Tetzavè). Despre modul de a-l confecționa se vorbește în aceeași carte, 39, 8-21 (pericopa iudaică פקודי Pekudéy)

Scopul pieptarului

După Cartea Exodului 38, 29- 28, 29 hoșenul trebuia să amintească de fiecare trib israelit în fața lui Dumnezeu, în Cortul întâlnirii sau în Templu.
În cartea Numeri 27,21; 27,21 se menționează încă un obiectiv: cel de a ajuta la primirea din partea divinității a unui sfat în legătură cu hotărârea de a porni un război. În hoșen se aflau Urim și Tumim.
Urim și Tumim erau folosite pentru a determina care este voia lui Dumnezeu într-o situație particulară (Exodul 28:30). De aceea pieptarului i se spunea Hoșen mișpat, adică Hoșen al judecății. Dar aceasta nu reușea totdeauna, așa cum s-a întâmplat în cazul regelui Saul (Samuel I, 28,6).
Marele preot purta pieptar, un șorț, o mantie și filacterii. (M.Yoma 7:5, A_C)
....Pieptarul urma să ajute la ispășirea păcatelor celor care strâmbă judecata....In hoșenul judecății să pui Urim și Tumim
(Exodul 28,30)

Descrierea pieptarului
Hoșenul era dintr-o țesătură din fire scumpe de "aur, mătăsuri violete, purpurii și stacojii și in subțire". Avea formă de pătrat, iar laturile sale erau de un "zeret" (distanța maximă dintre degetul mic numit "zeret" și degetul mare - "agudal", circa 25 cm, echivalentul unei palme).
Pe hoșen erau încrustate în niște pătrățele de aur 12 pietre prețioase diferite, după numărul triburilor Israelului. Pe hoșen sau înăuntrul lui se aflau Urim și Tumim, care erau un fel de mecanism al hoșenului, care făcea ca pietrele prețioase ale  pieptarului să licărească.
Hoșenul este așezat pe efodul marelui preot, și este prins de inelele efodului prin niște lănțisoare.

În literatura rabinică

După Talmudul babilonean la finele capitolului 7 al tratatului Yoma, în hoșen au fost gravate nu numai numele triburilor
ci și cuvintele următoare:"Avraam, Isaac, Iacob, triburile lui Yeshurun"
Aceasta pentru ca fiecare literă să apară pe hoșen, și să permită funcționarea mecanismului Urim și Tumim.
Exegeții susțin ca literele erau împărțite în mod egal, și pe fiecare piatră erau șase litere.
Pe piatra lui Reuven s-a adăugat litera alef, pe cea a lui Simon - beit, pe cea  a lui Levi reș, het și mem, ceea ce prin sumație crea pe orizontală numele Avraham.  Pe piatra lui Yehuda s-a adăugat litera yod, etc.etc. pâna ce se crea numele lui Isaac, Iacob, cuvântul "triburile" și Yeshurun. La Maimonide (Rambam) în cartea Hilhot Kley Hakodesh 9, Halaha 7 se menționează că numele patriarhilor erau scrise înaintea numelor triburilor.aceasta deoarece, în tratatul Midrash Rabba, sfârșitul pericopei Tetzave, e scris: pe piatra "odem" scria "Avraam, Isaac și Iacob Ruben", pe piatra topaz (pitdá) scria Shimon...pe jasp scria "Beniamin triburile lui Yeshurun".

Rabbi Bahiya Ben Asher (Rabbenu Bahiya) a descris în comentariul său la pericopa Tetzave, capitolul 28, însușirile pietrelor din Hoșen - "avney hoșen": "Să știi că este scris în cărțile înțelepciunii naturii că toate pietrele scumpe cele însemnate și de viță nu sunt decât douăsprezece și ele sunt înaintașele tuturor celorlalte pietre"
Hoshen hamishpat, "Pieptarul dreptății" este numele părții a patra a codului de legi al iudaismului Shulhan Arukh

Traducerea latină a Vechiului Testament, Vulgata traduce termenul "hoșen "prin "rationale":"Rationale quoque judicii facies opere polymito juxta texturam superhumeralis..." (Ex 28,15a).

In media artistică
2002 - Poșta israeliană a emis o serie de mărci poștale cu pietrele prețioase ale pieptarului Hoșen - Avney Hahoshen

Îmbrăcăminte tradițională

Hoșen


Avrupa İşkencenin Önlenmesi Komitesi ya da tam adıyla Avrupa İşkenceyi ve İnsanlık Dışı veya Aşağılayıcı Muamele ve Cezayı Önleme Komitesi, Avrupa Konseyi çerçevesinde 1987 yılında kabul edilip 1989'da yürürlüğe giren İşkencenin Ve İnsanlıkdışı Veya Onur Kırıcı Muamele Ve Cezanın Önlenmesi İçin Avrupa Sözleşmesi uyarınca oluşturulan bir insan hakları komitesidir.

Komite bu sözleşmeye taraf ülkelere yaptığı programlı ya da önceden haber vermeksizin (ad hoc) ziyaretlerle o ülkelerde işkence ve benzeri uygulamaların olması olası sivil ya da askeri gözaltı merkezleri, hapishaneler, hastaneler, akıl hastaneleri, göçmen misafirhaneleri vb. tutma yerlerine yaptığı ziyaretler sonucunda hazırladığı raporlar ve bu raporlarda yer alan tavsiyeler yoluyla işkencenin önlenmesi konusunda uluslararası denetim ve iş birliği sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

İşkencenin Önlenmesi Komitesi, ilgili taraf devletlerin iş birliği yapmaktan kaçınması ya da Komite'nin tavsiyeleri doğrultusunda durumda iyileştirme yapmaması durumunda konu hakkında kamuoyuna açıklama yapmaya karar verebilmektedir. İşkencenin Önlenmesi Komitesi, diğer taraf devletlerin Komite raporunun yayınlanmasını kabul etmeleri nedeniyle bu kamuoyuna açıklama yapma yetkisini bugüne kadar sadece Türkiye'ye karşı kullanmıştır.

İlgili Bağlantılar
 İşkenceye Karşı Komite
 İnsan Hakları
 İşkence

Dış politika
Uluslararası kuruluşlar
Fransa merkezli insan hakları kuruluşları
İşkence
1989'da kurulan kuruluşlar

Avrupa İşkencenin Önlenmesi Komitesi


Events from the year 1744 in Canada.

Incumbents
French Monarch: Louis XV
British and Irish Monarch: George II

Governors
Governor General of New France: Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois
Colonial Governor of Louisiana: Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial
Governor of Nova Scotia: Paul Mascarene
Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: Thomas Smith

Events
 France declares war on England (March 15)
 Treaty of Lancaster (English-Iroquois).
 Having begun in Europe in 1740, The War of the Austrian Succession spreads to North America (King George's War).
 Nicolas-Joseph de Noyelles de Fleurimont succeeded Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye as the Commandant of the western French forts.

Births
 May 22 - Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra, naval officer, explorer, administrator (d.1794)
 October 6 - James McGill, merchant, philanthropist (d.1813)
 December 10 - William Berczy, painter, architect, author, and colonizer (d.1813)

Full date unknown
 Elias Hardy, lawyer and office-holder (d.1798)

Deaths

Historical documents
Alerting Fort Albany to war with France, Hudson's Bay Company orders readying of men and arms and getting "Trading Indians" to patrol daily

Louisbourg francophone man obtains Council warrant to capture chief and other "Chickinakady Indians" he says murdered crew of British ship

Council meets with Saint John River Indigenous leaders who have heard rumours of British-French war and seek (and get) assurances of peace

Duvivier's force of 900 regular troops and militia from Île-Royale takes Canso from its 80-man garrison on May 13 and burns settlement

"Breaking the French measures;[...]timely Succours receiv'd [and] our French refusing to take up arms against us" halts Annapolis attack

Nova Scotia Council reports that in June and August attacks, local Acadians helped enemy "while we were entirely Deserted by them"

Word from Île-Royale is that 23 British fishing and commercial ships have been taken by large schooner and five other French privateers

New York governor George Clinton tells Assembly he has increased defences (including Six Nations scouts) at Oswego, Saratoga and Albany

In July and August, Boston privateer takes French ships on "great banks," plus other French fishers on northeast coast of Newfoundland

Privateer brings in to Boston three French ships, including one carrying to Canada wine, brandy, iron and dry goods worth £8-9,000

Under flag of truce, three vessels arrive at Boston from Île-Royale with 350 British prisoners taken from Canso and "sundry Vessels, &c."

French abhor inhumanity of privateers who took New York ship by firing after it surrendered, including one "chew'd" musket ball

New Hampshire privateer with Île-Royale prizes is attacked by "Indians on Cape Sables," and later by canoes (driven off by swivel guns)

Report of arrival of 70-gun and three other French warships plus 18 armed merchant ships at Île-Royale with arms for Quebec-built warship

Duvivier orders Minas Acadians to supply horses, handlers and gunpowder, and to pledge loyalty to French king (Note: "savages" used)

Nova Scotia commander Mascarene reports skirmish and tactical issues (including Indigenous fighters' "sculking way of fighting")

Acadians ask French not to take their meagre harvest and to withdraw, citing "mild" government they live under (Note: "savages" used)

In October, captured French privateer's crew is found to include "Irish Roman-catholick soldiers formerly of" Canso regiment

Nova Scotia Council allows commandeering of vessel and equipment to counter "great body of Indians" threatening from Minas and Chignecto

Massachusetts declares war on French-allied Indigenous peoples in November, and sets bounties for scalps of men, women and children

Mascarene says loyal as well as disloyal Acadians "must unavoidably share in the trouble that military people generally bring with them"

Mascarene praises daughter of former seigneur for her loyalty, but will not defend property of her disloyal family (Note: "savages" used)

Council hears of Cobequid Acadians' loyalty and non-participation "in the last troubles " (except when forced to assist)

Annapolis River Acadians told loyalty includes supplying non-combatant personnel, no matter their fear of Indigenous people's "resentment"

Map: lands surrounding Gulf of St. Lawrence and lower St. Lawrence River

Dominique Nafréchoux of Montreal signs deed of emancipation for his slave Dominique-François Mentor to take effect on his death

Joseph Robson wonders what keeps Hudson's Bay Company from competing with French upriver, and then finds it hard going up Nelson River

Minister to Kanien'kéhà:ka reports having to calm them after "our restless Enemies the French" spread rumour of British attack

New Hampshire proclamation summons volunteers for expedition against Cape Breton Island (Île-Royale)

Soldier's widow and step-mother of his children has to ask Council's permission to sell his property, as "none Other would Accept of that Office"

"There is a satisfaction even, in giving way to Grief" - On duty in Belgium, young James Wolfe writes home about his soldier brother's death

References

1740s in Canada
1744 in New France
Canada
44

1744 in Canada


Çine aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir:

Yerleşim yerleri
 Çine: Aydın ili ilçesi

 Çine, Yüreğir - Adana ili Yüreğir ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Çine, Burdur - Burdur ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Çine, Geyve - Sakarya ili Geyve ilçesine bağlı mahalle

Kişi adları
 Hamit Çine (1926 - 2018), folklor araştırmacısı, halk müziği derleyicisi ve yorumcusu

Diğer anlamları
 Çine Çayı: Muğla'nın Yeşilyurt beldesinden doğan ve Aydın'ın Çine ilçesi sınırları içinde Büyük Menderes nehrine kavuşan bir akarsu
 Çine Barajı: Çine Çayı üzerinde inşa edilmekte olan bir baraj

Çine (anlam ayrımı)


Hanna Huskova (Minsk, 28. kolovoza 1992.) bjeloruska je reprezentivka u slobodnom skijanju u disciplini akrobatski skokovi.

Slobodnim skijanjem se bavi od 2001. godine.

U Svjetskom kupu debitirala je 2009. u Moskvi. Na Svjetskom prvenstvu 2009. bila je jedanaesta, a 2011. deveta. Natjecala se na Olimpijskim igrama u Sočiju 2014. gdje je bila dvadeset prva.

Na Svjetskom prvenstvu 2015. bila je šesta, a najveći uspjeh ostvarila je osvajanjem zlatne medalje na Olimpijskim igrama u Pjongčangu 2018. U sezoni 2017./'18. četvrta je u ukupnom poretku Svjetskoga kupa u slobodno skijanju, a druga u poretku discipline aerial. Pobijedila je na utrci Svjetskog kupa u Pekingu 16. prosinca 2017. godine, a bila druga u Lake Placidu 19. siječnja 2018.

Izvori

Bjeloruski skijaši
Olimpijski pobjednici
Slobodno skijanje

Hanna Huskova


An Andropogon campestris in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Bernhard von Trinius. An Andropogon campestris in nahilalakip ha genus nga Andropogon, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Andropogon

Andropogon campestris


Peter Schütte (* 4. Februar 1911 in Petershagen, Deutschland; † 19. September 1973 in Hamburg) war ein deutscher Schauspieler und Sänger.

Leben
Schütte begann 1930 in Wien ein Studium der Kunst- und Musikgeschichte und nahm Schauspiel- und Gesangsunterricht (Stimmlage: Bariton, allerdings wurde er später meist als Tenor eingesetzt). Danach ging er nach Berlin, wo er seine künstlerische Ausbildung fortsetzte. Nach einer Razzia in der Berliner Homosexuellenszene verbrachte Schütte ab Dezember 1934 zwei Monate in "Schutzhaft" im KZ Lichtenburg. Im Anschluss ging er nach Paris. Von 1936 bis 1940 war er als Opern- bzw. Operettensänger am Städtischen Theater in Kiel engagiert. 1940 heiratete er die Schauspielerin und Halbjüdin Brigitte Mira.

Während des Krieges war er im selben Fach an Hamburgs Volksoper am Millerntor beschäftigt. Bei Kriegsende blieb Schütte in der Hansestadt und nahm Verpflichtungen an das Flora-Theater und das Operettenhaus an. 1951 kehrte der Sänger für eine Spielzeit an die Hamburger Volksoper zurück. Im darauffolgenden Jahr gastierte er in Berlin, um 1953 wieder nach Hamburg heimzukehren. In diesem Jahr wurde Peter Schütte mit seiner Verpflichtung an das Deutsche Schauspielhaus erstmals auch als Schauspieler engagiert. In dieser Zeit sah man ihn unter anderem als Heinrich von Kleists Amphitryon und als K. in Franz Kafkas Der Prozeß.

Im Herbst 1955 folgte er einem Ruf nach Bremen und trat gastweise auch am Staatstheater Stuttgart auf. 1958 ging Schütte nach Zürich, um einer Verpflichtung ans dortige Schauspielhaus nachzukommen. Seit den 1960er Jahren blieb Schütte in seiner Wahlheimat und trat dort unter anderem am Thalia Theater und Ida Ehres Kammerspielen auf. Bis zuletzt begab er sich auf Gastspielreisen, so noch in seinem Todesjahr 1973 nach Frankfurt am Main, wo er am Kleinen Theater im Zoo auftrat, und an das Theater Baden-Baden.

Während seines Aufenthaltes in Hamburg erhielt er im Sommer 1947 von Werner Klingler eine Filmrolle in dessen Inszenierung Arche Nora angeboten. Bis im Jahre 1954 erstmals das Fernsehen an ihn herantrat, stand Schütte nur sporadisch vor der (Film-)Kamera. Von stattlicher Statur, besetzte man Schütte fortan bevorzugt als Offizier und Adeligen, Arzt oder Firmendirektor. In drei Fernsehspielen von 1970 stellte er zwei bedeutende Persönlichkeiten der NS-Zeitgeschichte dar: Generalfeldmarschall Paulus und zweimal den Widerstandskämpfer Carl Goerdeler.

Schütte spielte seine letzte Rolle als Graf in dem Kinofilm Der Lord von Barmbeck von Ottokar Runze. Während der Dreharbeiten nahm sich Peter Schütte das Leben. Er wurde auf dem Ohlsdorfer Friedhof in Hamburg beigesetzt im Planquadrat AE 27 westlich von Kapelle 6.

Filmografie
 1947: Arche Nora
 1948: Finale
 1949: Die letzte Nacht
 1951: Die verschleierte Maja
 1953: Im Banne der Guarneri
 1954: Jedem das Seine
 1955: Das kalte Licht (nach dem gleichnamigen Theaterstück)
 1955: Abschiedsvorstellung
 1955: Alle meine Söhne
 1957: Die Festung
 1957: Eine Frau, die weiß, was sie will
 1959: Die Caine war ihr Schicksal (Fernsehfilm)
 1959: Kopfgeld
 1959: Ein Traumspiel
 1960: Paris, 20. Juli
 1960: Parkstraße 13 (Fernsehserie)
 1961: Die Mitschuldigen
 1962: Ein toller Tag
 1962: Heute kündigt mir mein Mann
 1963: Ein Todesfall wird vorbereitet
 1963: Schönes Weekend, Mr. Bennett
 1963: Die Tote von Beverly Hills
 1964: Umbruch
 1964: Hafenpolizei (Fernsehserie, 1 Folge)
 1964: Magie
 1965: Intermezzo
 1965: Platons Gastmahl
 1965: Abends Kammermusik
 1966: Zehn Prozent
 1966: Hinter diesen Mauern
 1966: Die Geschichte des Rittmeisters Schach von Wuthenow
 1967: Der Heldenmantel
 1967: Das Attentat – L.D. Trotzki
 1968: Ein Schweigen vom Himmel
 1968: Kirschen für Rom
 1969: Goldmacher Tausend
 1969: Torquato Tasso
 1970: Das Haus Lunjowo
 1970: Claus Graf Stauffenberg
 1970: General Oster – Verräter oder Patriot?
 1972: Der Kommissar (eine Folge)
 1972: Agent aus der Retorte
 1973: Butler Parker (Fernsehserie, 1 Folge)
 1973: Dem Täter auf der Spur (Fernsehserie, 1 Folge)
 1973: Der Lord von Barmbeck

Literatur

 Herbert A. Frenzel, Hans Joachim Moser (Hrsg.): Kürschners biographisches Theater-Handbuch. Schauspiel, Oper, Film, Rundfunk. Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz. De Gruyter, Berlin 1956, , S. 674.
 Johann Caspar Glenzdorf: Glenzdorfs internationales Film-Lexikon. Biographisches Handbuch für das gesamte Filmwesen. Band 3: Peit–Zz. Prominent-Filmverlag, Bad Münder 1961, , S. 1562.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Theaterschauspieler
Sänger
Deutscher
Geboren 1911
Gestorben 1973
Mann

Peter Schütte


Onthophagus tridentitibialis é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Ochi & Kon em 2008.

Referências

Ligações externas

tridentitibialis
Coleópteros descritos em 2008

Onthophagus tridentitibialis


Star Wreck is a series of Finnish Star Trek parody movies started by Samuli Torssonen in 1992. The first movie, simply named Star Wreck, was a simple Star Control-like animation with three ships shooting at each other, but later movies featured 3D CGI, animated characters and, in the latest films, live actors. Often Star Wreck is used to refer to the latest and most popular film Star Wreck: In the Pirkinning.

Star Wreck relates the adventures of James B. Pirk (named after the Star Trek character James T. Kirk), Captain of the starship C.P.P. Potkustartti (English C.P.P. Kickstart). Other characters include Mr. Fukov, Mr. Spook (Finnish: Mr. Spökö), Mr. Dwarf (Wuf), Ensign Shitty and Mr. Info (loosely based, respectively, on Star Trek's Pavel Chekov, Mr. Spock, Worf, Scotty, and Data). The characters speak Finnish; subtitles in  various languages, including Klingon, are available.

In 2015, it was announced that two new films were going to be released. The first one will be a short film titled "Star Wreck: Timecrash", set in future Soviet Union, and the second, currently untitled one will be a feature-length film.

Films
All Star Wreck films are available for free download and viewing online. They are offered under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND licence.

 Star Wreck (1992)
 Star Wreck II: The Old Shit (1994)
 Star Wreck III: The Wrath of the Romuclans (1995)
 Star Wreck IV: The Kilpailu (1996)
 Star Wreck V: Lost Contact (1997)
 Star Wreck 4.5: Weak Performance (2000; takes place between IV and V)
 Star Wreck: In the Pirkinning (2005)
 Star Wreck 2π: Full Twist, now! (2012)

The first five Star Wreck films were re-released on Star Wreck: Legacy DVD in 2006, with original score replacing the Star Trek score, and other changes. Star Wreck: In the Pirkinning was re-released on an Imperial Edition DVD in 2006, with updated models and effects.

Popularity
Star Wreck has enjoyed a relatively large niche following among sci-fi fans, but it was only the 2005 movie that really pushed it into the limelight. Star Wreck: In the Pirkinning was downloaded over 700,000 times during the first week after its release  and the current estimates by the hosting service, Magenta sites, are between 3.5 and 4 million downloads, including mirror sites. This has been claimed to make In the Pirkinning the most popular Finnish film of all time, topping the movie theatre viewings for The Unknown Soldier (approx. 2.8 million viewers); the comparison, however, may not be particularly meaningful. Numerous TV and magazine interviews of the film's authors have been published, both in Finland and abroad.

Star Wreck: In the Pirkinning has also been shown on Finnish national television, YLE TV2, on the Belgian national television channel Canvas, and Italian TV-channel Jimmy.

A new Imperial Edition DVD has also been released by Universal Pictures in Scandinavia. With the Imperial Edition release, all the space scenes with Star Trek or Babylon 5 ship models were removed and completely remade.

In September 2007, a 1-DVD version of Star Wreck: In the Pirkinning – Imperial Edition was released also in Japan by AMG & Medallion Media. The version includes a professional dub for Japanese, as well as new sleeve design and a poster/cue card inside the DVD case.

In 2012, a spin-off called Star Wreck 2π: Full Twist, now! was released. It is made by Swiss film makers, but Samuli Torssonen and Timo Vuorensola have a guest appearance in their respective roles.

There is also a spin-off animated Star Wreck, created by a different author who has no relation to Torssonen's team, called Star Wreck Asskicker which tells the story of the C.P.P. Asskicker.

Roleplaying Game
The Star Wreck Roleplaying Game is an English-language role-playing game (RPG) published in Finland by Energia Productions that is set in the Star Wreck universe.  It was first released at Ropecon in 2006.
The game is a parody of the numerous Star Trek roleplaying games, but is also playable on its own. Its rule mechanics are built to emulate the setting of the films, with experienced characters becoming more heroically incompetent instead of getting better at their tasks, as is the case in most mainstream games.

In August 2007 the game was licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike license and made available for free download.

See also
Iron Sky

References

External links
Star Wreck: In the Pirkinning
Star Wreck forums (English and Finnish)

Parody films based on Star Trek
Fan films based on Star Trek
Finnish film series
Finnish comedy films
Finnish independent films
Creative Commons-licensed science fiction films

Star Wreck


As Enchentes no Noroeste Pacífico em 2021 são uma série de inundações que afetaram partes da província da Colúmbia Britânica no Canadá e do vizinho estado de Washington, nos Estados Unidos. A inundação, juntamente com vários eventos de destruição em massa, foram causados por um rio atmosférico que trouxe fortes chuvas para partes do sul da Colúmbia Britânica e noroeste dos Estados Unidos. O desastre natural levou ao estado de emergência na Colúmbia Britânica.

De particular preocupação no sul da Colúmbia Britânica foi a severa interrupção de curto e longo prazo do corredor de transporte que liga a cidade costeira de Vancouver, o maior porto do Canadá, ao Vale Fraser, ao resto da Colúmbia Britânica e ao resto do Canadá. O Vale Fraser, densamente povoado, é responsável pela maior parte da produção agrícola da província, com capacidade limitada para alimentar o gado na ausência do serviço ferroviário. O vale está particularmente atingido, já que todas as principais rotas para o oeste de Vancouver e para o leste em direção a Alberta foram afetadas. As rotas alternativas para o norte da Colúmbia Britânica e para o sul em direção ao estado de Washington são limitadas pela topografia montanhosa. As ligações ferroviárias muito utilizadas da Canadian National Railway (CN) e da Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) foram ambas interrompidas, bem como todas as rodovias que conectam o Baixo Continente com o resto da província.

A preocupação do público com essas extensas interrupções na cadeia de abastecimento levou ao pânico e ao desabastecimento de supermercados no Baixo Continente. A produção agrícola provavelmente permanecerá interrompida por um período mais longo de tempo, além da interrupção nos embarques de grãos, carvão e potássio para o Porto de Vancouver.

Causa

Vários sistemas climáticos no início de novembro contribuíram para o registro de chuvas no sudoeste da Colúmbia Britânica e na região noroeste dos Estados Unidos. Um dos sistemas produziu uma tromba d'água tornádica perto de Vancouver em 6 de novembro. Outro sistema fez com que dois avisos separados de tornado fossem emitidos no condado de Kitsap, em Washington, em 9 de novembro. Um sistema profundo de baixa pressão, que os climatologistas chamam de rio atmosférico, formou-se no Oceano Pacífico e deslocou-se para a costa em 12 de novembro. O Serviço Nacional de Meteorologia dos Estados Unidos emitiu avisos de inundação para os condados de Skagit e Whatcom e avisos de vento forte para a maior parte do noroeste de Washington.

Condições meteorológicas
Em Hope, na Colúmbia Britânica, 277,5 milímetros de chuva caíram de 14 de novembro a 15 de novembro. No pico da tempestade em 15 de novembro, Bellingham recebeu 71 milímetros de chuva em um único dia. No total, 20 recordes de precipitação foram quebrados na Colúmbia Britânica.

2021 na América do Norte
Desastres naturais nos Estados Unidos em 2021
Desastres no Canadá
2021 no Canadá

Enchentes no Noroeste Pacífico em 2021


In biology, a sequence motif is a nucleotide or amino-acid sequence pattern that is widespread and usually assumed to be related to biological function of the macromolecule. For example, an N-glycosylation site motif can be defined as Asn, followed by anything but Pro, followed by either Ser or Thr, followed by anything but Pro residue.

Overview

When a sequence motif appears in the exon of a gene, it may encode the "structural motif" of a protein; that is a stereotypical element of the overall structure of the protein. Nevertheless, motifs need not be associated with a distinctive secondary structure. "Noncoding" sequences are not translated into proteins, and nucleic acids with such motifs need not deviate from the typical shape (e.g. the "B-form" DNA double helix).

Outside of gene exons, there exist regulatory sequence motifs and motifs within the "junk", such as satellite DNA. Some of these are believed to affect the shape of nucleic acids (see for example RNA self-splicing), but this is only sometimes the case. For example, many DNA binding proteins that have affinity for specific DNA binding sites bind DNA in only its double-helical form. They are able to recognize motifs through contact with the double helix's major or minor groove.

Short coding motifs, which appear to lack secondary structure, include those that label proteins for delivery to particular parts of a cell, or mark them for phosphorylation.

Within a  sequence or database of sequences, researchers search and find motifs using computer-based techniques of sequence analysis, such as BLAST. Such techniques belong to the discipline of bioinformatics. See also consensus sequence.

Motif Representation

Consider the N-glycosylation site motif mentioned above:

 Asn, followed by anything but Pro, followed by either Ser or Thr, followed by anything but Pro

This pattern may be written as N{P}[ST]{P} where N = Asn, P = Pro, S = Ser, T = Thr; {X} means any amino acid except X; and [XY] means either X or Y.

The notation [XY] does not give any indication of the probability of X or Y occurring in the pattern. Observed probabilities can be graphically represented using sequence logos. Sometimes patterns are defined in terms of a probabilistic model such as a hidden Markov model.

Motifs and consensus sequences

The notation [XYZ] means X or Y or Z, but does not indicate the likelihood of any particular match.  For this reason, two or more patterns are often associated with a single motif: the defining pattern, and various typical patterns.

For example, the defining sequence for the IQ motif may be taken to be:

 [FILV]Qxxx[RK]Gxxx[RK]xx[FILVWY]

where x signifies any amino acid, and the square brackets indicate an alternative (see below for further details about notation).

Usually, however, the first letter is I, and both [RK] choices resolve to R. Since the last choice is so wide, the pattern IQxxxRGxxxR is sometimes equated with the IQ motif itself, but a more accurate description would be a consensus sequence for the IQ motif.

Pattern description notations

Several notations for describing motifs are in use but most of them are variants of standard notations for regular expressions and use these conventions:

 there is an alphabet of single characters, each denoting a specific amino acid or a set of amino acids;
 a string of characters drawn from the alphabet denotes a sequence of the corresponding amino acids;
 any string of characters drawn from the alphabet enclosed in square brackets matches any one of the corresponding amino acids; e.g. [abc] matches any of the amino acids represented by a or b or c.

The fundamental idea behind all these notations is the matching principle, which assigns a meaning to a sequence of elements of the pattern notation:

 a sequence of elements of the pattern notation matches a sequence of amino acids if and only if the latter sequence can be partitioned into subsequences in such a way that each pattern element matches the corresponding subsequence in turn.

Thus the pattern [AB] [CDE] F matches the six amino acid sequences corresponding to ACF, ADF, AEF, BCF, BDF, and BEF.

Different pattern description notations have other ways of forming pattern elements. One of these notations is the PROSITE notation, described in the following subsection.

PROSITE pattern notation

The PROSITE notation uses the IUPAC one-letter codes and conforms to the above description with the exception that a concatenation symbol, '-', is used between pattern elements, but it is often dropped between letters of the pattern alphabet.

PROSITE allows the following pattern elements in addition to those described previously:
 The lower case letter 'x' can be used as a pattern element to denote any amino acid.
 A string of characters drawn from the alphabet and enclosed in braces (curly brackets) denotes any amino acid except for those in the string. For example, {ST} denotes any amino acid other than S or T.
 If a pattern is restricted to the N-terminal of a sequence, the pattern is prefixed with '<'.
 If a pattern is restricted to the C-terminal of a sequence, the pattern is suffixed with '>'.
 The character '>' can also occur inside a terminating square bracket pattern, so that S[T>] matches both "ST" and "S>".
 If e is a pattern element, and m and n are two decimal integers with m <= n, then:
 e(m) is equivalent to the repetition of e exactly m times;
 e(m,n) is equivalent to the repetition of e exactly k times for any integer k satisfying: m <= k <= n.

Some examples:
 x(3) is equivalent to x-x-x.
 x(2,4) matches any sequence that matches x-x or x-x-x or x-x-x-x.

The signature of the C2H2-type zinc finger domain is:
 C-x(2,4)-C-x(3)-[LIVMFYWC]-x(8)-H-x(3,5)-H

Matrices
A matrix of numbers containing scores for each residue or nucleotide at each position of a fixed-length motif.  There are two types of weight matrices.
 A position frequency matrix (PFM) records the position-dependent frequency of each residue or nucleotide.  PFMs can be experimentally determined from SELEX experiments or computationally discovered by tools such as MEME using hidden Markov models.
 A position weight matrix (PWM) contains log odds weights for computing a match score.  A cutoff is needed to specify whether an input sequence matches the motif or not. PWMs are calculated from PFMs.

An example of a PFM from the TRANSFAC database for the transcription factor AP-1:

The first column specifies the position, the second column contains the number of occurrences of A at that position, the third column contains the number of occurrences of C at that position, the fourth column contains the number of occurrences of G at that position, the fifth column contains the number of occurrences of T at that position, and the last column contains the IUPAC notation for that position.
Note that the sums of occurrences for A, C, G, and T for each row should be equal because the PFM is derived from aggregating several consensus sequences.

Motif Discovery

Overview
The sequence motif discovery process has been well-developed since the 1990s. In particular, most of the existing motif discovery research focuses on DNA motifs. With the advances in high-throughput sequencing, such motif discovery problems are challenged by both the sequence pattern degeneracy issues and the data-intensive computational scalability issues.

De novo motif discovery
There are software programs which, given multiple input sequences, attempt to identify one or more candidate motifs. One example is the Multiple EM for Motif Elicitation (MEME) algorithm, which generates statistical information for each candidate. There are more than 100 publications detailing motif discovery algorithms; Weirauch et al. evaluated many related algorithms in a 2013 benchmark. The planted motif search is another motif discovery method that is based on combinatorial approach.

Phylogenetic motif discovery
Motifs have also been discovered by taking a phylogenetic approach and studying similar genes in different species. For example, by aligning the amino acid sequences specified by the GCM (glial cells missing) gene in man, mouse and D. melanogaster, Akiyama and others discovered a pattern which they called the GCM motif in 1996.  It spans about 150 amino acid residues, and begins as follows:

 WDIND*.*P..*...D.F.*W***.**.IYS**...A.*H*S*WAMRNTNNHN

Here each . signifies a single amino acid or a gap, and each * indicates one member of a closely related family of amino acids. The authors were able to show that the motif has DNA binding activity.

A similar approach is commonly used by modern protein domain databases such as Pfam: human curators would select a pool of sequences known to be related and use computer programs to align them and produce the motif profile, which can be used to identify other related proteins. A phylogenic approach can also be used to enhance the de novo MEME algorithm, with PhyloGibbs being an example.

De novo motif pair discovery

In 2017, MotifHyades has been developed as a motif discovery tool that can be directly applied to paired sequences.

De novo motif recognition from protein

In 2018, a Markov random field approach has been proposed to infer DNA motifs from DNA-binding domains of proteins.

Motif Cases

Three-dimensional chain codes
The E. coli lactose operon repressor LacI ( chain A) and E. coli catabolite gene activator ( chain A) both have a helix-turn-helix motif, but their amino acid sequences do not show much similarity, as shown in the table below. In 1997, Matsuda, et al. devised a code they called the "three-dimensional chain code" for representing the protein structure as a string of letters. This encoding scheme reveals the similarity between the proteins much more clearly than the amino acid sequence (example from article): The code encodes the torsion angles between alpha-carbons of the protein backbone. "W" always corresponds to an alpha helix.

See also

Biomolecular structure
Mammalian Motif Finder
MochiView
Multiple EM for Motif Elicitation
Nucleic acid sequence
Protein primary structure
Protein I-sites
Sequence logo
Sequence mining
Structural motif
Short linear motif
 Conserved sequence
 Protein domain
 Structural motif

References

Secondary and tertiary sources

Primary sources

Further reading

Secondary and tertiary sources

Primary sources

Bioinformatics

Sequence motif


Skåne ili (İsveççe: Skåne län), İsveç'in en güneyinde yer alan Skåne ve Halland bölgeleri üzerinde yer alan bir ildir. İlin komşuları arasında Halland, Kronoberg ve Blekinge yer alır. İlin yönetim merkezi, ülkenin üçüncü büyük kenti olan Malmö'dür.

İsveç'in alan olarak yüzde üçünü, nüfus olarak yüzde on üçünü kaplayan il, 1997 yılında Kristianstad ili ve Malmöhus ilinin birleştirilmesiyle kuruldu.

Bölgeler
Skåne ili, kendisiyle aynı adı taşıyan fakat idari bir konumu bulunmayan Skåne bölgesinin ve bir miktar da Halland bölgesinin üzerinde yer alır.

Yönetim
İlin bir yönetim kurulu bulunmaktadır. Bu kurul, İsveç yönetimine bağlı olup, yöresel anlamda sağlık, eğitim, güvenlik ve ulaşım gibi konularda yöre ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaktadır. İl, vali tarafından yönetilmektedir. İlin kurulmasından önce yer alan ve her ikisi de 1719 yılında kurulan Kristianstad ili ve Malmöhus ili, 1997 yılında birleştirilerek bugünkü Skåne ili ortaya çıktı.

İl meclisi
Skåne Bölge Meclisi, ilde bulunan ve diğer il meclislerinden daha fazla yetkiye sahip bir yönetim merkezidir. Bu meclisin ana görevleri arasında sağlık ve ulaşım hizmetlerinin halka ulaştırılması yer almaktadır. 1999 yılında bu bölgesel meclis (İsveççe: Region Skåne) tüm siyasi etkinlikler adına yetki sahibi oldu. Bu meclis yüksek yetkilere sahip olduğu gibi, üyeleri bölge halkının oylarıyla seçilmektedir.

Alt belediyeler
Skåne ili otuz üç alt belediyeye ayrılmıştır. Bu belediyelerden en büyüğü 280.000'lik nüfusuyla Malmö belediyesidir. Her bir belediyenin kendine ait yetkileri bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca bu belediyelerin daha küçük birimler olan semtleri de bulunmaktadır.

Ulaşım

1953 yılında Malmö ve Lund arasında yapılan otoban, İsveç'te yapılan ilk otobandır. Yine Malmö ve Danimarka'nın başkenti Kopenhag arasında yapılan Öresund Köprüsü de 2000 yılında inşa edilmiş olup Avrupa'nın en uzun birleştirilmiş karayolu ve demiryolu köprüsüdür. Köprünün yapımından önce Helsingborg ve Helsingør arasında feribot seferleri düzenlenmekteydi.Feribot seferleri günümüzde düzenlenmeye devam etmektedir.  Bugün hâlen ile Almanya ve Polonya'dan düzenli feribot seferleri bulunmaktadır.

Bölgede Malmö Havaalanı, Ängelholm-Helsingborg Havaalanı ve Kristianstad Havaalanı olmak üzere üç büyük havaalanı bulunmaktadır. 1910 yılında kurulan ve dünyanın en eski havaalanlarından olan Ljungbyhed Havaalanı da hâlen kullanılmaktadır. 1926 yılından sonra İsveç Hava Kuvvetleri tarafından kullanılan havaalanı bu yıldan sonra askeri uçuş derslerinin verildiği bir merkez oldu. 1997'de bu okul, Ängelholm'a taşındı. Bu havaalanı ayrıca 1980'lerin sonuna doğru dünyanın en yoğun havalimanlarından biri durumuna geldi. Öyle ki günde 1,400 kez kalkış ve iniş yapılmaktaydı.

İlde yer alan limanlar arasında en büyükleri Kopenhag Malmö Limanı ve Helsingborg Limanı'dır. Bunun dışında birçok kentte küçük limanlar yer almaktadır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Skåne İl Yönetim Kurulu
 Skåne Bölge Meclisi

Coğrafi konumu

Skåne (il)


Popis negativaca u talijanskom komičnom stripu Alan Ford.

Glavni negativci

Superhik
Superhik, pravim imenom Ezekijel Bluff, siromašni je čistač ulica s posebnom moći: alkoholnim zadahom koji je u stanju svakoga oboriti na pod. Zbog činjenice da bogati ljudi bacaju smeće u kante, a siromašni ne, Superhik stječe naklonost prema njima te počinje krasti od siromašnih i davati bogatima, što je suprotnost engleskom junaku Robinu Hoodu. U kasnijim epizodama počet će krasti od bogatih i davati siromašnima, a na kraju će krasti samo za svoju korist. Zaljubljen je u kriminalku Beppu Joseph, od koje je pobjegao nakon vjenčanja, ali ju je kasnije ponovno pokušao osvojiti. U epizodi "Ralje" upao je u morskog psa iz Hudsona, nakon čega je zavladao šok zbog morskog psa koji govori. U epizodi "Neprijatelj broj 1" počinje živjeti sa siromašnim bračnim parom, Bertom i Bertom, čiji mu rajčica i luk daju snagu za zločinačke pothvate. U epizodi "Stranka pijančevanja" pokušao se baviti politikom, ali neuspješno. U epizodi "Osveta u dimu" napokon nestaje u petoj dimenziji s Morganom. Ponovno se pojavljuje u novim epizodama.

Gumiflex je opasan, uporan i učinkovit neprijatelj Grupe TNT. On je tajanstvena osoba s gumenim licem koja s lakoćom mijenja izgled i identitet. Prvi put se pojavio u epizodi nazvanoj "Gumiflex" (110).

Povremeni negativci
Beppa Joseph je ženski lik koji je životna ljubav Superhika, ali istovremeno i neprijatelj Grupe TNT. Ističe se po impresivnoj veličini, bradavici na nosu i trodnevnoj bradi.

Profesor Kreutzer je bivši nacistički znanstvenik koji ima opsesiju sendvičima i pivom.

Arsen Lupiga je manje džentlmen, a više lopov. Koristi arsen kako bi omamio bogate dame i potom im ukrao vrijedan nakit koji nose.

Konspirator je čovjek s maskom i veliki neprijatelj Grupe TNT. Pokušava im se osvetiti jer su ga spriječili da ukrade vrijedne stvari od ubijene udovice Norton(broj 65). Konspirator umire nakon što pobjegne u zagađeno područje, ali se vraća u životu u epizodi "Nevjerojatan povratak" (broj 164), kada područje prestane biti zagađeno.

Margot je superšpijunka inspirirana likom Modesty Blaise i najdugovječniji neprijatelj Grupe TNT. Susreću se s njom od samih početaka. Radi za onoga tko više plaća i uspješno zavodi sve članove grupe.

Tromb je debeli čovječuljak koji želi uništiti planet Zemlju. Nos i uši su mu prekriveni globusima koje raznosi eksplozivima kako bi zadovoljio svoju želju za uništavanjem. Nakon što se vjerovalo da je Konspirator umro, postaje vođa Trija Fantastikus.

George Duls je multimilijarder koji je opsjednut čistačicom Miss Boa, koja voli kršitelje zakona. Pojavljuje se kao negativac u 36. broju, kada postaje Centurion.

Maharadža Blic je nesretni činovnik koji odlučuje opljačkati banku u kojoj radi. Kako bi preuzeo zasluge za krađu, šalje novinama svoju sliku sa svojim električnim slonom i naziva se Maharadža Blic. Pojava njegove slike u novinama zbunjuje Broja 1 jer nema nikakve zapise o njemu u svojoj crnoj knjižici.

Trio Fantastikus je neobična grupa pljačkaša koju čine Konspirator, Dr. Alsar i Stampel. Nakon smrti Konspiratora, Tromb postaje vođa grupe.

Baby Kate je šefica bande duhova i gangstera iz 30-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Nesretno je zaljubljena u Alana Forda.

Veliki Cezar je nekada bio desna ruka Broja Jedan i voditelj poslovnice u L.A. Kasnije postaje negativac kada izda Broja 1, što ga čini metom osvete i progonom Grupe TNT. Često se pojavljuje kao savjetnik u kombinaciji s drugim negativcima. Okružen je gorilom Theodorom, panterom Betty i psom Teddyjem. Za njega rade Bobova braća Tim, Tom i Tumb, te izumitelj Lamp.

Barun Vurdalak je vođa grupe vampira iz Transilvanije. Slučajno se upliće u poslove Grupe TNT napadajući ih zbog želje za pijenjem ljudske krvi.

Melisa je pseudonim pčelara Joea Pullovera. Frustiran širenjem grada i teškim životom na selu, počinje se baviti pljačkama koristeći dresirane pčele, a kasnije se upušta u ucjene koristeći komarce.

Kronos je digitalna kopija koju je stvorio Lampov brat blizanac. Njegov cilj je zamijeniti Zemljinu populaciju digitalnim kopijama ljudi.

Katodik je popravljač televizora koji slučajno otkriva petu dimenziju i koristi je za pljačke putem TV aparata.

Ljeponoga Betty je kriminalka koja zavođenjem muškaraca krade njihovo bogatstvo. Njeni poslovi često su povezani s Grupe TNT zbog veze njene bake s Brojem 1.

Supersirko je kriminalac kojemu je droga upala u juhu i dala mu moć letenja. Čuva otok koji je bombardiran bombama koje su izmijenile njegove gene i dale mu nadljudsku snagu. Kada izgovori "Na vrh brda vrba mrda", pretvara se u nabildanu verziju Supersirka.

Anten-man je parodija na Silvija Berlusconija. On je kriminalac koji može koristeći TV antene putovati bilo gdje.

Novi Anten-man je radnik Telezmije koji u uredu pravog Anten-mana, Vipere, pronalazi kostime Anten-mana. Želi se osvetiti Viperi.

Profesor Krupp je bivši nacistički znanstvenik koji s profesorom Kreutzerom želi osnovati Četvrto Carstvo.

12 umjetnika su kriminalci violinisti. Dirigent je na čelu njihove bande.

Negativci s jednim pojavljivanjem
Likovi iz stripa Alan Ford

Negativci u Alanu Fordu


Curtis Julian Jones (fæddur 30. janúar 2001) er enskur knattspyrnumaður sem spilar sem miðjumaður með Liverpool í ensku úrvalsdeildinni.

Curtis Julian Jones fæddist þann 30. janúar 2001 í Merseyside í Liverpool og ólst upp í Toxteth-svæðinu í borginni.

Jones gekk til liðs við Liverpool níu ára að aldri. Eftir fraumraun hans í U23-liðinu í janúar 2018 skrifaði Jones undir fyrsta atvinnusamning sinn þann 1. febrúar 2018. Hann var valinn í lið Liverpool fyrir leikinn gegn Everton þann 7. apríl og var á bekknum án þess að koma fram.

Tilvísanir

Enskir knattspyrnumenn
Fólk fætt árið 2001

Curtis Jones


3rd Congress may refer to:
3rd Congress of the Philippines (1954–1957)
3rd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (1905)
3rd Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea (1956)
3rd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (1923)
3rd National Congress of the Kuomintang (1929)
3rd National Congress of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1982)
3rd National People's Congress (1964–1975)
3rd United States Congress (1793–1795)
3rd World Congress of the Comintern (1921)
Brussels Congress (1868), the 3rd Congress of the First International
International Socialist Workers Congress, Zürich 1893, the 3rd Congress of the Second International

3rd Congress


Lina Medina, (d. 27 Eylül 1933 - Paurange, Peru) Dünyanın bilinen en genç annesi.

Henüz 5 yaşındayken karın bölgesinin şişmesinden dolayı tümör şüphesiyle hastaneye kaldırıldığında aslında hamile olduğu öğrenildi. 14 Mayıs 1939 tarihinde sezaryen doğum yaparak Gerardo isimli erkek bebeği dünyaya getirdi. 2,7 kilogram olarak doğan Gerardo, ismini kendisini doğurtan doktordan almaktadır. Gerardo, 10 yaşına kadar Lina'yı ablası olarak bilmiştir.
Lina 1972 yılında (39 yaşında iken) evlenmiştir ve ilk doğumundan 33 yıl sonra ikinci çocuğunu (erkek) dünyaya getirmiştir.

Lina'da görülen bu durumun sebebi Puberte Prekoks isimli bir hastalıktır. Bu hastalık, kız çocuklarında yaşanan 8 yaşından önce adet görme ve diğer seks karakterlerinin gelişmesi olarak tanımlanır. Kız çocuklarının yaklaşık %10'unda görülmekte olup Lina Medina'da çok daha erken yaşanmıştır. Doğan çocuğun babası olma şüphesiyle bir kişi çocuğa cinsel istismar suçundan tutuklandı, daha sonra delil yetersizliğinden serbest bırakıldı. Medina'nin oğlu sağlıklı büyüdü ve 40 yaşındayken 1979 yılında öldü.

Ayrıca bakınız
 En genç anneler listesi

Kaynakça

1933 doğumlular
Peru doğumlular
İnsan gelişimi
Rekorlar
Gebelik
Yaşayan insanlar

Lina Medina


Montserrat Blanch Ferrer (n. 1903 - f. Madrid; febrero de 1995) fue una actriz española.

Biografía
Hermana de los actores José y Modesto Blanch y tía de Jaime Blanch. Actriz eminentemente teatral. Su carrera se remonta a la década de 1920. Se integra entonces en la compañía de Carmen Díaz, en la que compartía escenarios con actores como Rafael Bardem, Matilde Muñoz Sampedro y Julia Lajos en obras como La maja, de Luis Fernández Ardavín, Los duendes de Sevilla (1929), de los Hermanos Álvarez Quintero, La de los claveles dobles (1930), de Luis de Vargas, o El susto (1933), de los Quintero. Más tarde, con Josefina Díaz de Artigas interviene en Mañana me mato (1935), de Pérez Fernández y en 1937 protagoniza Electra, de Benito Pérez Galdós en el Teatro Español.

Tras la Guerra civil española retoma su carrera y en 1940 estrena Mujeres, de Clara Boothe. Poco después, se incorpora a la compañía de Irene López Heredia, con la que interpreta El viaje infinito (1943), de Sutton Vane y La sombra (1944), de Darío Niccomedi.

Ya en los años 1950 tras protagonizar El zoo de cristal (1952), de Tennesse Williams, se une a Mariano Asquerino en el estreno de La mujer de Pilatos (1956), de Rafael Martí Orberá y a Mercedes Prendes en La desconcertante Señora Savage (1959), de John Patrick.

En 1960 obtuvo un gran éxito comercial con el estreno de La boda de la chica, de Alfonso Paso y un año más tarde vuelve a interpretar El zoo de cristal protagonizado por Berta Riaza. En años sucesivos interviene en los montajes de Premio para un asesino (1962), de Frederick Knott, Los monos gritan al amanecer (1963), de José María Pemán, Las chicas del taller (1963), de Juan Ignacio Luca de Tena, con Pastor Serrador, Don Juan Tenorio (1963), en el Teatro Español, La culpa es tuya (1965), de Jacinto Benavente, con Rafael Alonso, El precio de los sueños (1966), de Carlos Muñiz, La factura (1969), con dirección de Luis Escobar y protagonizada por Conchita Montes, El escaloncito (1969), de David Turner, con Florinda Chico, en el Teatro Maravillas, Andorra (1971), de Max Frisch, y Diez negritos (1977), de Agatha Christie.

Junto a su dilatada carrera teatral, participó en el rodaje de una decena de películas, entre las que destaca Nueve cartas a Berta (1966), de Basilio Martín Patino. También intervino ocasionalmente en espacios de televisión como Estudio 1.

Enlaces externos
 Ficha en IMDb

Referencias

Actrices de teatro de España
Actrices de España
Fallecidos en Madrid

Montserrat Blanch


Fleksografi veya yaygın olarak kullanılan adı ile flexo (flekso), genellikle ambalaj sanayisinde kullanılan bir baskı türüdür. Genellikle ambalaj sanayisinde kullanılmakla birlikte, etiket sanayisinde de kullanılır. Bu baskı türünde nyloprint klişe kalıpları kullanılır. baskı yapılan yüzeyler ise; PP, PE gibi film grubu ya da kuşe, 1.hamur gibi kâğıt grubu materyalleridir.

Ambalaj
Sanayi
Matbaacılık

Fleksografi


الأكاديمية المهنية للمعلمين، هي مقر تدريبي للمعلمين وهي تابعة لوزارة التربية والتعليم المصرية، وتأسست بالقرار الجمهوري رقم 129 لسنة 2008، ووفقاً للمادة (75) من القانون رقم 155 لسنة 2007 بتعديل بعض أحكام قانون التعليم الصادر بالقانون رقم 139 لسنة 1981. الأكاديمية المهنية للمعلمين هي هيئة تتمتع بالشخصية الاعتبارية العامة وتتبع وزير التربية والتعليم، وتعتبر هذه الأكاديمية إحدى الهيئات المعاونة في تنفيذ الخطة الإستراتيجية القومية للتعليم 2007- 2012 لإصلاح التعليم قبل الجامعى في مصر وذلك فيما يتعلق ببرنامج تحديث الموارد البشرية والتنمية المهنية من خلال الارتقاء بالنواحي المهنية للمعلمين.

ويتلخص دور الأكاديمية في أنها الكيان المتخصص المسئول عن تصميم وتخطيط أنشطة التنمية المهنية للمعلمين والقيادات التربوية وتنسيقها وتقييمها ومتابعتها وذلك لضمان تطبيق كادر المعلمين بالإضافة إلى تطبيق نظام لمنح تراخيص أو شهادات صلاحية مزاولة المهنة للمعلمين والمدربين والمقيمين ونظام لاعتماد برامج وهيئات التدريب والتنمية المهنية ويتضمن ذلك الإرشاد والتأهيل لمزاولة مهنة التدريس واعتماد معايير الترقى من مستوى لآخر من مستويات كادر المعلمين ووضع أسئلة الاختبارات. تهتم الأكاديمية كذلك بمجالي البحث العلمي وخدمة المجتمع.

شروط الأكاديمية المهنية للمعلمين لترقية المعلمين
توجد بعض الشروط التي تخص ترقية المعلمين والتي تتمثل في النقاط التالية:

 أن يكون المعلم قد أجتاز الشروط الخاصة بكادر المعلم وقد تم تسوية الحالة الوظيفية للمعلم.
 ولابد وأن يكون المعلم المرشح لتلك الترقية قد أتم 5 سنوات بالدرجة الوظيفية التي يوجد بها خاصة وقت فتح باب التقديم على الترقيات وأن يتم احتساب تلك المدة منذ اليوم الأول الذي قد تم تعيينه على الدرجة الوظيفية الأدنى من الجهة المختصة سواء إن كان من قبل المحافظ أو الوزير.
 أن يكون المعلم المتقدم على رأس العمل ولا يأخذ أجازة من أي نوع إلا في الحالات المسموح بها من قبل وزارة التربية والتعليم والأزهر الشريف.
 يستثني من التدريبات المقدمة من الأكاديمية المهنية من يعاني من الأمراض المزمنة على أن يتم تحديد الأمر من قبل المختصين.

الأوراق المطلوبة لترقية المعلمين

 ملف الترقية من مستوى لمستوى أعلى الخاص بالمعلم
 تقريرين عن أداء المعلم في العاميين الماضيين
 صحيفة أحوال معتمدة مطبوعة من الإدارة التعليمية التابع لها المعلم
 صورة من بطاقة الرقم القومي
 ملف إنجاز المعلم مدون به كافة بياناته الأساسية
 تقديم إخلاء طرف للأكاديمية الخاصة بالمعلم سيتم تسلمه بعد التدريب
 تسليم إقرار يفيد بعمله مدة 5 سنوات في الدرجة الوظيفية التي يريد الانتقال منها.

انظر ايضاً
 كادر المعلمين

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
موقع أكاديمية المعلم

أكاديميات حكومية مصرية
جامعات مصر
مؤسسات تعليمية

الأكاديمية المهنية للمعلمين (مصر)


Întîlnire cu Hebe este o nuvelă și o colecție de povestiri științifico-fantastice ale scriitorului român Ovidiu Șurianu. A apărut în 1972 la editura Albatros în colecția Fantastic Club. Colecția cuprinde povestirea "Galbar" și nuvela omonimă.

Prezentare

Galbar

Povestirea prezintă contactul unei colonii pământene de pe planeta Marte cu o civilizație extraterestră.

Întîlnire cu Hebe
Matt Rogers are 51 de ani. După ce efectuează un zbor spațial în jurul Pământului, constată că a întinerit, având cu peste 20 de ani mai puțin.

Analiză
Ovidiu Șurianu solicită cititorul în direcția meditației filozofice cu privire la relația individ-societate în condiții de pionierat cosmic, privind consecințele nebănuite ale unei întâlniri cu o civilizație extraterestră.

Personajul Lucian Mirea cuprinde într-o frază problematica întregului volum Întâlnire cu Hebe:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1972 în literatură
 Lista cărților științifico-fantastice publicate în România
 Lista volumelor publicate în Colecția Fantastic Club

Cărți din 1972
Colecții de povestiri științifico-fantastice
Povestiri științifico-fantasticeNuvele științifico-fantastice
Nuvele româneștiPovestiri româneștiPovestiri de Ovidiu Șurianu
1972 în științifico-fantastic

Întîlnire cu Hebe


Keltisk musik er en bred musikgenre, der har udviklet sig fra den keltiske folkemusik i Vesteuropa. Genre omfatter både den orale musiktradition og den indspillede musik, og det enkelte stiltræk kan variere betragteligt fra traditionelle folkemelodier til keltisk fusion, der kombinere en lang række forskellige genre.

Instrumenterne inkluderer ofte traditionelle instrumenter som harpe, sækkepibe, tinwhistle og violin.

Kunstnere
 Altan
 Blackmore's Night
 Celtic Thunder
 Celtic Woman
 Enya
 Eric Bogle
 Gaelic Storm
 Hevia
 Loreena McKennitt
 Nolwenn Leroy
 Runrig
 Secret Garden
 The Chieftains
 The Corrs
 The Makem Brothers
 William Coulter

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Ancient Celtic music article at Citizendium
 Celtic melody library
 Free sheet music on CelticScores.com
 Free sheet music, chords, midis at Vashon Celtic Tunes

Musikgenrer

Keltisk musik


الحياة الوردية ،  هو فيلم سينمائي فرنسي لعام 2007.أخرج اوليفيه داهان الفيلم الذي كان مرشحا لجوائز عدة منها جائزة سيزر. يدور الفيلم عن حياة المطربة الأسطورية الفرنسية اديث بياف، حيث يحمل الفيلم اسم أغنيتها الحياة الوردية. وفاز الفيلم خمس جوائز Césars، بما في ذلك واحدة لجائزة أفضل ممثلة، ماريون كوتيار حصلت على جائزة الأوسكار لأدائها، وهي المرة الأولى تمنح جائزة اوسكار لدور باللغة الفرنسية. وهي أيضا أول ممثلة فرنسية تفوز بافتا لأفضل ممثلة، وأول ممثلة تفوز عن فيلم كوميدي أو موسيقي بغولدن غلوب عن دور اللغات الأجنبية. وأصبح الحياة الوردية أول فيلم سينمائي فرنسي يفوز بجائزتين الأوسكار، وأخرى للماكياج.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي في الولايات المتحدة
 الموقع الرسمي للفيلم

 La Vie rn rose- صور من الفيلم
 حوار مع Olivier Dahan
 حوار مع Marion Cotillard

أفلام أيكون برودكشن
أفلام إنتاج 2007
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 2000
أفلام باللغة الفرنسية
أفلام باللغة الفرنسية في عقد 2000
أفلام تقع أحداثها في باريس
أفلام تقع أحداثها في عقد 1910
أفلام تقع أحداثها في عقد 1920
أفلام تقع أحداثها في عقد 1930
أفلام تقع أحداثها في عقد 1940
أفلام تقع أحداثها في عقد 1950
أفلام تقع أحداثها في عقد 1960
أفلام تقع أحداثها في فرنسا
أفلام تقع أحداثها في مانهاتن
أفلام حائزة على جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل ماكياج
أفلام حائزة على جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل ممثلة
أفلام درامية 2007
أفلام سيرة ذاتية عن مغنين
أفلام سيرة ذاتية فرنسية
أفلام عن المرأة
أفلام فرنسية
أفلام فرنسية في عقد 2000
أفلام مستقلة 2007
أفلام مصورة في جمهورية التشيك
أفلام مصورة في فرنسا
أفلام من إخراج أوليفيه داهان
أفلام موسيقية درامية فرنسية
أفلام موسيقية درامية في عقد 2000
أفلام موسيقية فرنسية
تصوير ثقافي عن إديث بياف

الحياة الوردية


Li Xin (en ), née le  à Harbin, est une fondeuse chinoise.

Biographie
Même si ses parents pratiquent le ski de fond, ils sont d'abord réticents à ce qu'elle suive leur trace en raison de la dureté du sport, mais Li persiste car cela représente un rêve pour elle.

Sa première expérience au niveau international a lieu en février 2007 lors d'un étape de Coupe du monde à Changchun, en profitant pour marquer des points pour le classement général avec une  place sur le dix kilomètres libre.

En 2008, Li prend part à ses premiers Championnats du monde junior à Malles, s'y classant notamment dixième sur le dix kilomètres libre. Un an plus tard, elle honore sa première sélection en championnat du monde élite à Liberec, arrivant  du trente kilomètres libre.

Lors de la saison 2009-2010, alors âgée de 17 ans, elle court deux étapes de la Coupe du monde, mais surtout sa première édition des jeux olympiques à Vancouver, prenant la  place au dix kilomètres libre.

Lors des saisons suivantes, elle ajoute quelques courses de Coupe du monde à son expérience, sans obtenir de résultat important. Sur les Championnats du monde, elle signe une  place sur le trente kilomètres en 2013 et une  place sur cette épreuve en 2015.

En 2018, elle prend part à ses deuxièmes jeux olympiques à Pyeongchang, courant les quatre épreuves individuelles au programme, pour obtenir comme meilleur résultat une  place au dix kilomètres libre.
Lors de la saison 2018-2019, elle court la plupart des étapes de distance, ainsi que les Championnats du monde à Seefeld, où elle termine trois fois dans le top 50.

Finalement, Li se distingue lors de l'hiver 2019-2020, obtenant son meilleur résultat sur une course par étapes :  du Ski Tour en Scandinavie et son meilleur classement général en Coupe du monde : .

Palmarès

Jeux olympiques d'hiver

Légende :
  : pas d'épreuve
 — : Non disputée par Li Xin

Championnats du monde

Légende :
  : pas d'épreuve
 — : Non disputée par Li Xin

Coupe du monde
Meilleur classement général :  en 2020.
Meilleur résultat individuel : .

Classements en Coupe du monde

Jeux asiatiques
Almaty-Astana 2011 :
 Médaille de bronze en relais.
Sapporo 2017 :
 Médaille d'argent en relais.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en juillet 1992
Naissance à Harbin
Fondeuse chinoise
Fondeuse aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2010
Fondeuse aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2018
Fondeuse aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022

Li Xin (ski de fond)


Die Scatterometrie (dt. etwa Streustrahlungsmessung) ist eine zerstörungsfreie Methode zur Analyse von Partikeln und periodischen Oberflächenstrukturen mithilfe der elastischen Streuung und der Beugung von elektromagnetischen Wellen (häufig sichtbares Licht). Die Größen von Strukturen können dabei bis in den Nanometerbereich reichen, das heißt auch unterhalb der abbeschen Auflösungsgrenze (vgl. Auflösungsvermögen) des verwendeten Lichts.

Neben der Auswertung der Beugung von sichtbaren Licht gibt es auch noch ähnliche Verfahren, die in der Regel elektromagnetische Strahlung kürzerer Wellenlänge, z. B. Röntgenstrahlung, oder Teilchenstrahlung nutzen. Diese Verfahren werden im Deutschen in der Regel nicht als Scatterometrie, sondern als Diffraktometrie bezeichnet, beispielsweise die Neutronen- und Röntgen-Diffraktometrie.

Einteilung

Scatterometrische Verfahren lassen sich hinsichtlich der eingesetzten Strahlungsquelle und der Detektionsart in folgende Unterverfahren einteilen:
 Detektionsart/Messaufbau
 2θ-Scatterometrie: Messung der nullten Beugungsordnung des reflektierten/gestreuten Lichts unter Variation des Einfallswinkels θ () sowie unter Betrachtung der s- und p-Polarisation (ähnlich der Ellipsometrie). Ursprünglich wurde hierbei nur monochromatisches Licht genutzt.
 Scatterometrie mit senkrechtem Einfall (): Messung bei senkrechtem Lichteinfall mit Variation der Wellenlänge, manchmal auch in Verbindung mit der Auswertung der ±1. Beugungsordnung
 Dome-Scatterometrie: Messung der höheren Beugungsordnungen mithilfe einer diffus streuenden Kuppel ()
 Fourier-(Transformations)-Scatterometrie
 Strahlungsquelle
 spektrale Scatterometrie: Scatterometrie unter Nutzung einer breitbandigen Strahlungsquelle und der Detektion eines größeren Spektralbereichs
 Laserscatterometrie: Scatterometrie unter Nutzung eines Lasers bzw. monochromatischen Lichts

Darüber hinaus existieren auch Scatterometrie-Verfahren, die als Kombination verschiedener Grundformen angesehen werden können oder um zusätzliche Parameter ergänzt wurden, beispielsweise um einen weiteren Drehwinkel in der Probenebene (φ-Scatterometrie).

Funktionsweise
Im Folgenden wird die Funktionsweise der Methode am Beispiel einer Tiefenmessungen mithilfe der spektralen Scatterometrie kurz beschrieben werden.
Zur Messung wird ein mehrere zehn Mikrometer großes Feld mit einer periodischen Linienstruktur mit sichtbaren Licht bestrahlt und die Intensität und/oder der Polarisationszustand des an den Strukturen reflektierten Lichts detektiert. Dabei wird in der Regel nur die nullte Beugungsordnung betrachtet. Je nach Methode kann die Lichtdetektion als Funktion des Winkels, der Wellenlänge oder beidem erfolgen.
Das detektierte Spektrum ist abhängig von Strukturparametern wie der Linienbreite, der Tiefe, den Flankenwinkeln der Seitenwände oder dem Material, und in einem oder mehreren Bereichen charakteristisch für die beugende Struktur. Eine direkte inverse Bestimmung der Strukturparameter aus dem gemessenen Spektrum ist jedoch nicht möglich, da die notwendigen Gleichungen analytisch nicht gelöst werden können. Die inverse Bestimmung erfolgt daher indirekt mithilfe einer Ausgleichsrechnung an einem zuvor erstellten Modell, das die wesentliche Sollform der Struktur beschreibt. Durch die Ausgleichsrechnung werden daher nur die im Modell grob erfassten Parameter genauer bestimmt.

Anwendung

Scatterometrische Verfahren basieren auf der elastische Streuung und Beugung von Licht an Partikeln und nichtplanaren Oberflächen. Sie werden daher zum einen zur Detektion von Partikeln in Gasen, Flüssigkeiten oder auf Oberflächen zum anderen zur Charakterisierung von periodischen oder zufälligen Oberflächenstrukturen eingesetzt werden.

Die spektrale Scatterometrie hat ist in den letzten Jahren zu einer wichtigen Methode bei der Produktionsüberwachung in der Halbleitertechnik geworden. Dort dient sie u. a. zur Charakterisieren von periodischen Profilen, wie die Tiefe oder Seitenwinkeln von geätzten Strukturen sowie der kritischen Dimension (CD); das Verfahren wird daher im Englischen auch als  (OCD-Metrologie) bezeichnet. Darüber hinaus eignet es sich auch zur Bestimmung des Overlay-Versatzes (, DBO) oder zur Messung vergrabener Strukturen, was vor allem bei fortgeschrittenen Techniken wie FinFETs neue Möglichkeiten der Prozesskontrolle eröffnet.

Als optische Messmethode lässt sie sich in andere optische Messgeräte, wie Geräten für die Bestimmung des Overlay-Versatzes oder der Schichtdicke (z. B. Reflektometer, Ellipsometer), und auch in Prozessanlagen integrieren. Letzteres ermöglicht eine sehr schnelle Rückmeldung an das Prozesskontrollsystem (mitunter in Echtzeit) und somit eine bessere Prozesskontrolle.

Nachteilig an Scatterometrie-Messungen ist der relativ hohe Platzbedarf für die Testflächen, diese sind oft 50 µm × 50 µm groß und können daher in der Regel nur im Ritzrahmen () zwischen den eigentlichen Chips untergebracht. In-Die-Messungen sind daher sehr selten, da hier kostbare Chipfläche belegt werden würde. In bestimmten Fällen können jedoch auch direkt periodische Strukturen der Schaltkreise für die Messung genutzt werden, beispielsweise größere DRAM- oder SRAM-Blöcke auf dem Chip. Ein wichtiger Nachteil, der gerade für die CD-Messung zum Tragen kommt, ist, dass die OCD-Messung in der Regel die keine Messung von isolierten Linienstrukturen erlaubt. Neben dem CD-Wert aus dichten Linien-Graben-Strukturen werden solche Informationen bei heutigen fotolithografischen Verfahren für die Bewertung des Belichtungsdosiseinflusses benötigt. Daher erfolgt im industriellen Umfeld die Messung der kritischen Dimension in der Regel nicht durch scatterometrische Verfahren, sondern durch Rasterelektronenmikroskope.

Vor- und Nachteile
Scatterometrische Messungen sind zerstörungs- und berührungsfreie Methoden. Für den Einsatz in der Prozesskontrolle bei der Fertigung von Halbleiterprodukten zeichnen sie sich durch eine hohe Empfindlichkeit auch gegenüber kleinen Material- oder Strukturänderungen aus und ist anlagentechnisch meist verhältnismäßig einfach umzusetzen. Die scatterometrische Bestimmung von Profiltiefen sind im Vergleich zu alternativen Verfahren wie Rasterkraftmikroskopen deutlich schneller, im Hochdurchsatzbetrieb weniger störanfällig und bieten zudem die Möglichkeit, weitere Profilparameter wie Linienbreite, Seitenwandwinkel und Schichtdicken zu bestimmen.
Nachteilig ist jedoch, dass die Messungen der gewünschten Material- und Geometriedaten indirekt erfolgt, das heißt, sie benötigen eine Anpassungsrechnung eines vorher definierten Modells. Eine direkte Bestimmung der Materialdaten eines unbekannten Systems ist meist nicht möglich. Auch größere Abweichungen können ggf. nur mit größeren Fehlerwerten ermittelt werden. Darüber hinaus ist auch die Bestimmung von isolierten Linienbreiten, wie sie oft für die Prozesskontrolle in der Fotolithografie benötigt werden, nicht möglich.

Einzelnachweise

Messtechnik
Spektroskopisches Verfahren

Scatterometrie


Marie Taglioni (født 23. april 1804, død 24. april 1884) var en svensk-italiensk balletdanser i den romantiske ballet æra, en central figur europæisk dans historie. Hun var en af de mest berømte ballerinaer i den romantiske ballet. Hun er krediteret med (dog ikke bekræftet) at være den første ballerina der virkelig dansede en pointe.

Hun blev kendt i 1832 da hendes far, Filippo Taglioni, koreografere balletten Sylfiden til hende. Det var i dette stykket hun først brugte tåspidssko.

I 1837 blev hun medlem af Mariinskijballetten i Rusland. Efter hendes sidste forestilling i Rusland, i 1842, mens hendes popularitet var på toppen, blev et par af hendes gamle tåspidssko solgt for to hundrede rubler, angiveligt for at blive kogt, serveret med en sauce og spist af en gruppe af tilhængere.

Taglioni sluttede som professionel danser i 1847, hvorefter hun bosatte sig i Venezia i Italien. Hun var med til at indføre et strengere regime ved operaen i Paris, og var jurymedlem i den aller første corps de ballet-konkurrence. Senere havde hun nogle få balletelever. Den mest kendte er Emma Livry. Taglioni koreografer sin eneste ballet, Le Papillion, til Livry.

Johann Strauss komponerte Marie Taglioni Polka til Taglioni.

Hun blev begravet på Cimetière de Montmartre.

Bibliografi
 Marie Taglioni, Souvenirs. Le manuscrit inédit de la grande danseuse romantique, édition établie, présentée et annotée par Bruno Ligore, Gremese, 2017.
 Madison U. Sowell, Debra H. Sowell, Francesca Falcone, Patrizia Veroli, Icônes du ballet romantique. Marie Taglioni et sa famille, Gremese, 2016.

Eksterne henvisninger

Omtale hos Life in Italy
Nederlands Muziek Instituut: Marie Taglioni (1804–1884): A life on toe tip

Ballerinaer

Marie Taglioni


An Hystrix californica in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Henry Nicholas Bolander, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze. An Hystrix californica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hystrix, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Hystrix (Poaceae)

Hystrix californica


La pentlandita es un mineral de la clase de los minerales sulfuros, miembro del llamado "grupo de la pentlandita". Fue descrita en 1856 por J. B. Pentland en el municipio de Sør-Fron, en la provincia de Oppland (Noruega), recibiendo el mineral el nombre de su descubridor. Sinónimos poco usados son: folgerita, lillehammerita o nicopirita.

Características químicas
Es un sulfuro simple anhidro de hierro y níquel y la proporción de estos elementos es de 32 y 31% respectivamente, como todos los demás minerales del grupo de la pentlandita.

Forma una serie de solución sólida con la cobaltopentlandita (Co9S8), en la que la sustitución gradual del níquel y hierro por cobalto va dando los distintos minerales de la serie.

Además de los elementos de su fórmula, suele llevar como impurezas: cobalto, plata y cobre.

Formación y yacimientos
Aparece en rocas ígneas máficas y ultramáficas. Muy frecuentemente se le encuentra formando intercrecimiento de sus cristales con los de pirrotita, de la cual se la distingue fácilmente por su claro sistema cúbico y por su no magnetismo.

También se ha encontrado en yacimientos de xenolitos de humeros submarinos. Rara vez se ha encontrado también en meteoritos.

Suele encontrarse asociado a otros minerales como: pirrotita, troilita, calcopirita, cubanita, mackinawita o magnetita.

Usos
Se utiliza como mena de hierro y níquel, siendo la mena más importante de este último a nivel mundial.

Referencias

 Manual de pentlandita, Mineral Data Publishing.

Minerales sulfuros
Minerales de hierro
Minerales de níquel
Sistema cúbico
Minerales descubiertos en 1856
Minerales  epónimos
Minerales descubiertos en Noruega en el siglo XIX
Provincia de Oppland

Pentlandita


Başpınar, Karabük ilinin Eskipazar ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1896 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Karabük il merkezine 40 km, Eskipazar ilçe merkezine 15 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Eskipazar belde ve köyleri

Başpınar, Eskipazar


Sergio Fernando Tejada Galindo (Lima, 16 de abril de 1980) es un sociólogo, político y músico peruano. Fue congresista de la república en el período 2011-2016 por Lima.

Biografía
Nació en el distrito de Miraflores en Lima el 16 de abril de 1980. Hijo de David Tejada Pardo, quien fue viceministro de Salud y de María de Lourdes Galindo. Es nieto del exministro de Salud David Tejada de Rivero.

Realizó sus estudios primarios en el Colegio Héctor de Cárdenas, y los secundarios en el Colegio Argentino-Boliviano de Bolivia. Entre 1999 y 2005 realiza estudios de Sociología en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.

Miembro de la Comisión de Formación Política del Partido Nacionalista Peruano, entre el 2008 y 2010. En agosto del 2010 es nombrado Coordinador Nacional de juventudes de Gana Perú.

En las elecciones parlamentarias realizadas en el Perú el 10 de abril de 2011 postuló como candidato al Congreso por la circunscripción de Lima, por el partido Gana Perú. Obtuvo 27 456 votos preferenciales, resultando electo congresista para el período 2011-2016, asumiendo sus funciones el día 28 de julio de 2011.

Fue elegido Presidente de la Mega-Comisión investigadora del gobierno de Alan García.

A finales de 2019 publicó el libro El Reino de la Impunidad. Revelaciones de la Megacomisión y la caída de Alan García, con la editorial Penguin Random House.

Tocó en varios grupos de punk como Insecto Urbano, Tiempo Fuera y Antiestátika.

En el año 2021, mediante Resolución Ministerial Nº 257-2021-MIMP del 30 de setiembre de 2021, fue designado por la ministra de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables Anahi Durand Guevara como Director Ejecutivo del Programa Integral Nacional para el Bienestar Familiar (INABIF).

Publicaciones

Tejada Galindo, Sergio. Tras los pasos de Juan Bustamante: Apuntes biográficos y políticos. ISBN 978-612-47932-0-2.

Véase también

Comisión Investigadora de la gestión del gobierno de Alan García

Referencias externas

Enlaces externos
 Hoja de vida presentada ante el Jurado Nacional de Elecciones
 Referencia en blog de Gana Perú

Nacidos en Lima
Alumnado de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Políticos de Perú
Miembros del Partido Nacionalista Peruano
Congresistas de Perú 2011-2016
Congresistas por Lima Metropolitana
Socialdemócratas de Perú

Sergio Tejada


Acer garrettii er hlyntegund sem er ættuð frá suðaustur Asíu. Hún verður yfir 30m há. Oft er hún talin undir Acer laurinum Hassk.

Tilvísanir

Hlynir

Acer garrettii


Una agrupación de ciclos o policiclos acoplados es un sistema policíclico en donde dos o más sistemas cíclicos (ya sean monocíclicos, policiclos con puentes, sistemas fusionados o compuestos espiro) están directamente unidos entre sí por enlaces dobles o simples. Cuando los ciclos se unen entre sí con dos enlaces vecinales, el sistema puede ser considerado como fusionado.

Nomenclatura

Agrupaciones simétricas
Las agrupaciones de dos hidrocarburos cíclicos idénticos se pueden nombrar con cualquiera de estas dos maneras:
(a) colocando el prefijo "bi-" (o "bis" si el nombre del radical va entre paréntesis) antes del nombre del sustituyente correspondiente
(b) para los sistemas unidos por un enlace único mediante la colocación del prefijo "bi-"  antes del nombre del hidrocarburo correspondiente.

En cada caso, a un anillo se le asigna una numeración primada y al otro sin primar. Se deben indicar los localizadores donde se unen los dos ciclos. El sistema cíclico tiene su numeración correspondiente, de acuerdo a sus reglas establecidas. Si la unión de la agrupación es una doble ligadura, puede indicarse por medio de una letra delta (Δ) y los localizadores como superíndices. La agrupación entre dos anillos de benceno se denomina bifenilo:

Si hay dos opciones posibles en la numeración, los números no primados se asignan al sistema que tiene el sitio de unión con el número localizador más bajo:

Si dos sistemas de hidrocarburos idénticos tienen el mismo punto de unión y contienen sustituyentes en diferentes posiciones, los localizadores de estos sustituyentes se asignan en la dirección que proporcione el menor número posible de cadenas laterales, para lo cual un número no primado se considera menor que el mismo número cuando esta primado. Si dos sustituyentes distintos compiten por el localizador más bajo, se selecciona el más pequeño. Los números primados y sin primar serán  dispuestos en orden numérico ascendente.

Las agrupaciones no ramificadas formadas por tres o más anillos idénticos se nombran mediante la colocación de un prefijo numérico correspondiente antes de que el nombre del hidrocarburo correspondiente a la unidad repetitiva. Los prefijos numéricos se utilizan son ter- (3), cuater- (4), quinque- (5), sexi- (6), septi- (7), octi- (8), novi- (9), deci-(10).

Los números no primados se asignan a uno de los anillos terminales, mientras que el resto se nombra como una serie. En los ciclos intermedios (excepto en los ciclopropilos) deben indicarse las dos posiciones de unión (con los localizadores más bajos posibles) separadas entre dos puntos (:). Como excepción, las agrupaciones no ramificadas de anillos de benceno se nombran como "polifenilos":

Véase también
 Sistema de nomenclatura de fusión
 Nomenclatura de hidrocarburos policíclicos con puentes

Referencias

Nomenclatura de compuestos orgánicos

Agrupación de ciclos