Paris Whitney Hilton, (d. 17 Şubat 1981, New York). Amerikalı medya kişiliği, oyuncu, iş kadını, model, şovmen ve sosyetiktir. New York'ta doğup orada ve Beverly Hills, California'da büyümüş, Hilton Hotelleri'nin kurucusu Conrad Hilton'ın torunudur.

Paris Hilton ilk olarak 1990'ların sonlarında magazin dergilerinin ilgisini çekti. New York'un sosyal ortamında görünür haline gelince,
19 yaşında Donald Trump'ın ajansı Trump Model Management ile anlaşarak modellik yapmaya başladı. David LaChapelle, Vanity Fair'in Eylül 2000 sayısı için kız kardeşi Nicky ile fotoğrafını çektikten sonra Hilton, 2001 yılında "New York'un önde gelen It Girl'ü" (hem cinsel çekiciliğe hem de özellikle ilgi çekici bir kişiliğe sahip olduğu düşünülen çekici genç kadın) ilan edildi.

Aile geçmişine ek olarak, Doku-Soap The Simple Life adlı iki önemli rolden biri olarak ilk kez daha geniş bir ün kazandı. Ayrıca "Paris'te 1 Gece" adlı ticari sebeplerle dağıtılan özel bir seks videosunun kadın kahramanı oldu. Ardından 2005 yılında Yılın En Çok Satan Pornografik Film ödülünü aldı.

Paris Hilton 2005 yılında "Yılın Kızı" isimli VH1 müzik kanalı ile ödüllendirildi.

Ünlü bir fenomen olan Hilton, 2000'li yıllarda yeniden canlanmasını etkilemesiyle, birkaç yıldır dünyanın en yaygın halk figürlerinden biriydi. 2007 Guinness Dünya Rekorları'nda En Çok Abartılan Ünlü olarak görünürken, Forbes dergisi onu 2004, 2005 ve 2006'da 100 Ünlü listesine dahil etti ve 2012'de En Fazla Poz veren Ünlülerden biri olarak derecelendirdi. Hilton, medyadaki ününü çok sayıda ticari girişimde kullandı. Hilton, medyadaki şöhretini 19 ürün grubu, dünya çapında 50 butik ile isimsiz marka haline getirdi. Yalnızca parfüm serisi, bugüne kadar 2,5 milyar ABD dolarının üzerinde gelir sağladı. Variety, 2011'de ona "Milyar Dolarlık Girişimci" adını verdi.

Şirketi altında, yayın medyası için içerik üretti, çeşitli ürün grupları piyasaya sürdü ve dünya çapında kendi markasını taşıyan bir butikler zincirinin yanı sıra Filipinler'de bir şehir plaj kulübü açtı. Tek başına parfüm serisi bugüne kadar 2,5 milyar ABD dolarının üzerinde gelir elde etti.

Hilton, ticari girişimlerden yılda 10 milyon ABD dolarının üzerinde para kazanıyor ve 2020 itibarıyla, kulüp ve etkinliklerde görünmesi sayesinde kendisine yaklaşık 300.000 ABD doları ödeme yapıldı.

Özel hayatı
Paris Hilton, Richard Hilton ve Kathy Hilton'un en büyük kızıdır. Nicholai "Nicky" Hilton adında küçük bir kız kardeşi ve iki küçük erkek kardeşi Barron ve Conrad Hilton vardır. Okul günlerini Connecticut'taki Canterbury School'da, California'daki Sherman Oaks'ta Buckley School'da ve en son da amigo olduğu New York'taki Dwight School'da geçirdi. 17 yaşında okulu bıraktı. Üç yıl sonra bir manken olarak çalışmaya başladı. Mankenliğin yanında ek olarak Hilton daha az bilinen filmlerde yardımcı oyuncu olarak çalıştı.

2000 yılında, GQ ve FHM dergileri için fotoğraf çekildiğinde ilk başarısı oldu. 2003 yılında Paris Hilton, [[Arkansas, Altus'taki bir çiftlikte arkadaşı Nicole Richie'nin kırsal yaşamının yanında tanıştığı ABD televizyon kanalı FOX dizisi The Simple Life tarafından yayınlanan dizide oynadı. Başlangıçta düşük derecelendirme, özel bir seks videosunun halka açık olmasıyla düzeldi. Eski erkek arkadaşı Rick Salomon, filmi Paris'te 1 Gece başlığı altında VHS video ve DVD olarak yayınlamıştı. 2005'te, film en çok satan ve en çok kiralanan seks videosu dâhil olmak üzere üç AVN Ödülü aldı. Paris Hilton, Salomon'a dava açtı ve daha sonra 400.000 dolar tazminat ve satış gelirlerinde pay aldı. Beşinci sezondan sonra (Goes to Camp) The Simple Life durdu.

İlişkileri
Aralık 2019'da Paris Hilton, işadamı Carter Reum ile bir ilişki başlattı. 13 Şubat 2021'de nişanlandıktan sonra Hilton ve Reum, 11 Kasım'da Los Angeles'ta evlendi.

Ocak 2023'te Hilton ve kocası, taşıyıcı annelik yoluyla doğan oğullarının doğumunu duyurdu.

Serveti
Forbes'''a göre Hilton, 2003 ile 2004 arasında yaklaşık 2 milyon ABD doları, 2004 ile 2005 arasında 6,5 milyon ABD doları, 2005 ile 2006 arasında 7 milyon ABD doları ve 2008 ile 2009 arasında 8 milyon ABD doları kazandı. 2011'de CNN.com, Hilton'un yıllık kazancının 10 milyon ABD dolarının üzerinde olduğunu bildirdi.

Aralık 2007'de Hilton'un büyükbabası Barron Hilton, mülkünün (Hilton ailesinin serveti) yüzde 97'sini büyük büyükbabası Conrad Hilton tarafından kurulan bir hayır kurumu olan Conrad N. Hilton Vakfı'na bağışladı. Sonuç olarak torunlarının mirası azaldı. Hemen 1,2 milyar ABD doları (Hilton Hotels Corporation'ın satışından elde edilen gelir) tutarında bir taahhüt verildi ve ölümünden sonra 1,1 milyar ABD doları daha ödenecektir. Barron, bunun nedeni olarak babası Conrad Hilton'un eylemlerini gösterdi.

Paris Hilton'un servetinin büyük bir kısmı, çok sayıda cirodan ve çok sayıda ürün grubu ve mağazayı içeren ve 4 milyar ABD dolarının üzerinde satış sağlayan perakende işinden gelmektedir. Partilerde ve etkinliklerde hem DJ'lik hem de kişisel görünüm için düzenli ücretlerinin 250.000 ABD Doları ile 1 milyon ABD Doları arasında olduğu bildirildi. Örneğin 2009'da Hilton, 50 Cent ve Lenny Kravitz, Ed Hardy'nin kurucusu Christian Audigier'in 51. yaş doğum günü partisi için 4 milyon ABD doları aldı ve 2014'te, İbiza'daki iki aylık ikametinin bir parçası olarak dört gecelik çalışma karşılığında 2,7 milyon ABD Doları (saatte 347.000 ABD Doları) kazandı.

Filmografi
Film and television

Kendisi

 Diskografi
 Albümler
 Paris (2006)

 Singlelar

 Müzik videoları
{|class="wikitable"
!rowspan="1"| Yıl
!rowspan="1"| Şarkı
!rowspan="1"| Yönetmen
!rowspan="1"| Albüm
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2006
| "Stars Are Blind" (ABD versiyonu)
|rowspan="1"| Chris Applebaum
|rowspan="4"| Paris'
|-
| "Nothing in This World"
|rowspan="1"| Scott Speer
|}

Kitapları
 2004: Paris Hilton  (2004)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Paris Hilton Resmi Web Sitesi
 Paris Hilton Resmi Müzik Sitesi
 Paris Hilton  - MySpace
 Paris Hilton  - Internet Movie Database
 Paris Hilton - YouTube
 Paris Hilton  - People.com
 Paris Hilton  - All Music
 Paris Hilton Diskografisi - MusicBrainz

1981 doğumlular
Paris
Amerikalı kadın sinema oyuncuları
Amerikalı kadın dizi oyuncuları
Norveç asıllı Amerikalılar
Alman asıllı Amerikalılar
Amerikalı kadın şarkıcılar
Amerikalı kadın modeller
Yaşayan insanlar
Amerikalı Roma Katolikleri
Cash Money Records sanatçıları
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı kadın oyuncular
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı şarkıcılar
En Kötü Yardımcı Kadın Oyuncu Altın Ahududu Ödülü sahipleri

Paris Hilton


ක්‍රි.ව. 1 වන සියවස යනු,   ජූලියානු දින දසුන ප්‍රකාර,  1  සිට 100 වසර දක්වා පැවති සියවස විය. සම්භාව්‍ය යුගයෙහි, වකවානුවෙහි, හෝ ඓතිහාසික කාල පරිච්ඡේදයෙහි කොටසක් ලෙසින් එය සැලකෙයි.

මෙම කාල පරිච්ඡේදය තුලදී, යුරෝපය, උතුරු අප්‍රිකාව සහ මෑත පෙරදිග යන ප්‍රදේශයන්,  විතත ප්‍රවර්ධනයකට ලක්වී තිබූ රෝමානු අධිරාජ්‍යයේ ඉමහත් ආධිපත්වයට නතු වූ අතර, ක්ලෝඩියස් (43) අධිරාජයා යටතේ , බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය යටත් කිරීම සංගණ්‍ය සිද්ධියක් විය.

ක්‍රි.ව. 1වන සියවස


IF Limhamn Bunkeflo 07, også kendt som LB07 er en fodboldklub, der er hjemmehørende i Malmö, Sverige. IF Limhamn Bunkeflos kvindehold spiller pr. 2019 i Damallsvenskan. Holdet endte på 11. plads i 2019 og vil spille i Elitettan i 2020 sæsonen.

Klubben har også herrehold, der pr. 2019 spiller Sveriges 5. bedste række.

Trup

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kvindefodboldklubber i Sverige
Etableret i 2008

IF Limhamn Bunkeflo


The hooker with a heart of gold is a stock character involving a courtesan or prostitute who possesses virtues such as integrity, generosity and kindness.

Characteristics
The character type is defined by morally positive traits, which are contrasted with the character's employment as a prostitute. The narrative will often provide extenuating circumstances for the character's prostitution, and emphasize her personal decency. Sometimes, the character will be a foil for another female character who reflects negative stereotypes of uptight or frigid women. Per Nell Damon Galles, the character is "the good girl who made one too many bad decisions—losing her virginity, becoming promiscuous, and eventually entering the dark world of prostitution." The "hooker with a heart of gold" has also been described as a "modern 'secular' counterpart" of the medieval sinner-saint.

Historical development
Prostitutes appear in ancient Greek literature as far back as the Archaic period, such as in the work of Archilochus, though initially with little focus on their moral qualities. The good prostitute (or more specifically good hetaira, a type of high-end prostitute)  emerged as a stereotype in middle ancient Greek comedy for example in Antiphanes's Hydria. The good prostitute appeared even more frequently in new ancient Greek comedy. The work of Menander has long been known for its treatment of the trope. Such as in a "much discussed" passage of Plutarch's Table talks where Plutarch commends Menander as suitable for use at Symposia, as the dramatist had his heroes break off relations with bad prostitutes, but sometimes marry them if they were good.

In classical Roman literature, the prostitute was commonly portrayed as especially selfish; the stereotypically bad woman against whom the femina bona (good woman, typically a loyal wife) was contrasted. This stigma against prostitutes largely persisted in Western society from Roman times until at least the start of the 21st century.  Nevertheless, the prostitute with a heart of gold still appeared quite frequently in Roman writings from around the time of Terence; for example in Terence's Hecyra and in Livy's semi fictionalised account of Hispala Faecenia. The Roman prostitute with a heart of gold was however invariably portrayed as an exception to the norm for prostitutes to be selfish and greedy. Unlike the Greek "good hetaera", who could sometimes end up marrying elite men, the Roman prostitute with a heart of gold was expected to know her place at the margins of Roman society, though there were exceptions.

Subsequent development of the stereotype may also have drawn inspiration from traditions surrounding the Biblical figures of Mary Magdalene and Rahab, or to the ancient Indian theatrical tradition of Sanskrit drama where Śudraka's play Mṛcchakatika (The Little Clay Cart) featured a nagarvadhu (courtesan) with a heart of gold named Vasantasena.

In French literature, early appearances of the hooker with the heart of gold occurred towards the end of the 18th century, including  Rousseau's The Loves of Milord Edouard Bromston (1780). These 18th-century works generally had sad endings, showing that despite her heart of gold, the prostitute was typically unable to gain acceptance into mainstream society. Following the conclusion of the French revolution in 1799, there were a few years where various minor novelists published happier tales for prostitutes with a heart of gold, in the then prevailing spirit of egalitarianism. This soon ended after Napoleon introduced various rules regulating prostitution from 1802 to 1804; few hooker with a heart of gold characters appeared over the next few decades. This began to change towards the middle of the 19th century, with various leading French authors including prostitutes with a heart of gold in their writings, such as Victor Hugo's play Marion de Lorme (1828) and novels like Eugène Sue's  The Mysteries of Paris (1843), Honoré de Balzac's Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes (1838-1847), and Émile Zola's Nana (1880).

The 1848 French novel by Alexandre Dumas fils, La Dame aux Camélias, later saw many translations and adaptations into plays and movies, in English under the name Camille, and Giuseppe Verdi's opera La Traviata (1853). The original work was based on a real life prostitute, Marie Duplessis, with whom Dumas had a relationship. According to Charles Bernheimer, a French work that most subverted the hooker with the heart of gold stereotype was Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam's Contes cruels - there the prostitute was well regarded while she plied her trade in conventional fashion, but was derided once she fell in love.

In American cinema, prostitutes were generally portrayed sympathetically even from the earliest films, though the hooker with a heart of gold was relatively rare until the 1980s. Some early examples of movies featuring a hooker with a heart of gold are the 1917 and 1918 versions of Camille, 1932's Shanghai Express (film) with Marlene Dietrich and the 1939 movie Stagecoach.  From European sources, mainstream portrayals were begun to be seen by the early 1960s in internationally-popular films such as Never on Sunday and Irma la Douce. The "hooker with a heart of gold" archetype became most prominent in American cinema during the 1980s, peaking with Pretty Woman. The development of the trope reflected a more lighthearted cultural attitude toward prostitution, which nonetheless overall condemned women for the social transgression of prostitution.

The character of Mona in The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982) exemplifies the era's hooker with a heart of gold: a wonderful woman whose goodness is surprising and amusing because she is also a prostitute, and whose love interest berates her for prostitution.  These films have been criticized as akin to sexploitation films for the way they present a glamorized and male-dominated view of prostitution. The hooker with a heart of gold has also been criticised as a "pathetic cliché".

See also
 Counterstereotype
 List of famous prostitutes and courtesans
 Said the actress to the bishop

Further reading

References

Erotic literature
Fictional prostitutes
Female stock characters
Stereotypes of women

Hooker with a heart of gold


American Greetings Corporation is a privately owned American company and is the world's second largest greeting card producer behind Hallmark Cards. Based in Westlake, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, the company sells paper greeting cards, electronic greeting cards, gift packaging, stickers and party products. In addition, the company owns the  Carlton Cards, Tender Thoughts,  Papyrus, Recycled Paper Greetings and Gibson brands.

American Greetings' former toy design and licensing division, initially called Those Characters From Cleveland, subsequently renamed AG Properties and American Greetings Entertainment and now separately owned as Cloudco Entertainment. American Greetings also holds an exclusive license for Nickelodeon characters.

History

Sapirstein Greeting Card
Sapirstein Greeting Card Co. was founded in 1906 by Polish immigrant Jacob Sapirstein (1885–1987), who sold cards to stores from a horse-drawn cart, American Greetings has been run by members of the family since its inception. Irving Sapirstein, Jacobs's oldest son, became Jacob's first partner in 1918 at age nine. Irving's brother Morris started working at the card company in 1926. Morris and Irving in 1928 got a post card contract worth $24,000. The company started using self-serve display cabinets for its greeting cards in 1929 further cementing its position in the market. Sapirstein Greeting began in 1932 making its own greeting cards.

In 1934, the company began hiring sales representatives. Harry, the youngest son, joined the business in 1935. In 1936, the company opened its first branch office and the first major manufacturing facility.

American Greetings
Sapirstein Greeting Card Co. was renamed in 1938 to American Greetings Publishers. In 1939, the firm first issued the Forget-Me-Not card line. Irving and his brothers changed their last name to Stone in the 1940s. American Greeting Publishers was incorporated in 1944. John Sands Pty. Ltd. of Sydney, Australia and the company signed a licensing agreement, the firm's first, in 1949.

The company changed its name to American Greetings Corporation as the company went public in 1952, issuing 200,000 shares. The funds raised were earmarked for acquisitions and expansion. In 1956, American Greetings formed Carlton Cards, Ltd., a Canadian subsidiary. Also that year, the Hi Brows humor studio card line was launched.

In July 1957, the company moved its headquarters to One American Road, Brooklyn, Ohio. In 1958, American Greetings went public. Jacob Sapirstein became chairman of the board while Irving assumed the company's president post in 1960. In Forest City, North Carolina, the company build a cabinet manufacturing plant in 1960. A Mexican subsidiary in Mexico City was set up in 1969. In 1971, a retail subsidiary was formed called Summit Corporation, later called Carlton Cards Retail, Inc.

Holly Hobbie premiered in 1967 as a line of greeting cards by American Greetings. The character's public appeal lead to the formation of Those Characters From Cleveland, Inc. Sale the next year topped $100 million. In 1972, the company introduced Ziggy, created by Tom Wilson, which soon had a newspaper cartoon strip generating additional income. By 1977, Holly Hobbie became one of the top female licensed character in the world.

Morry Weiss, Irving's son-in-law, and Irving Stone in 1978 were appointed president and chairman & CEO, respectively. Also in 1978, the corporation set up two new subsidiaries Plus Mark, Inc. and A.G. Industries, Inc. Plus Mark was formed to manufacture Christmas gift wrap, boxed cards, and accessories. A.G. Industries was a display fixture manufacturer. American Greeting had seen itself as a mass-marketer and was serving pharmacies, variety stores, discount stores, and supermarkets with low cost cards. Meanwhile, Hallmark Cards ignored the mass market outlets until 1959 with issuance of its Ambassador card line. The company then used its licensing revenue on national advertising and other efforts to gain market share from 1981 to 1985. While they had a net income increase of 613 percent over ten years, Hallmark still maintained its market share. Gibson Greetings started a price war in 1986 and ended in 1987 which had the three major greeting card companies taking a loss. With a drop in licensing revenue, American took until 1989 to recover.

Those Characters From Cleveland was started up by Tom Wilson on behalf of American Greetings in 1980. The first property out of Those Characters was Strawberry Shortcake, which generated in 1981 $500 million in retail sales, followed by the Care Bears with $2 billion in sales over its first two years.

AG came back with a doubled net income by 1991 with 10 percent growth in sales to Hallmark's 1 percent. Weiss was promoted to CEO while Ed Fruchtenbaum was elevated as the fourth and first non-family president. Weiss had streamlined operations, cut costs, and decreased its card idea development time frame to market. Fruchtenbaum stressed information systems technology with the development of software to aid the sales force, to managers and their retailers in order to track inventories and trends. The following year, Weiss and Fruchtenbaum were promoted again to chairman/CEO and president/chief operating officer, respectively, with Irving Stone becoming founder-chairman.

Custom Expressions, Inc., the CreataCard producer, was acquired in 1992, The CreataCard units had 1,000 card options and printed cards in under four minutes for $3.50 each. The company placed a few thousand units in mass-merchandise outlets in the US. By early 1994, 7,000 were installed. The kiosks generated modest profits off healthy revenue. With the Touch Screen Greetings and the Personalize It! method, Hallmark in 1992 sued AG over patent infringement with a 1995 settlement that allow both to use the technology worldwide. By 1995, the kiosks were being left behind by personal computers and the internet. The units were partially written off. American had also made deals with online services, Prodigy, CompuServe, and Microsoft Network in early 1996.  Their website was redesigned to allow the cards to be designed on the website then mailed from its Cleveland fulfillment center in 1997. Two CD-ROM products, Personal CardShop for Home and Office and CreataCard Plus, were published. Both allowed for personalization. CardShop had 150 card choices and used the modem to order them to be printed and mailed by their fulfillment center. CreataCard had 3,000 predesigned greeting cards, invitations, stationery, and announcements, and three methods of fulfillment: print on home printer, by e-mail or via the company's center.

In the mid-1990s, American Greetings expanded its operations with acquisitions or starting up of new lines of business, and starting in 1996, the promotion of sideline product categories to semi-autonomous units. A reading glasses manufacturer, Magnivision, was purchased in 1993. In 1996, the party goods line was relaunched under the DesignWare name. Also in 1996, American Greetings entered discussions with BEC Group Inc. to acquire Foster Grant Group, a sunglasses manufacturer, but declined to pursue the purchase. A candle line was relaunched in 1997 under the name GuildHouse. A supplemental educational products subsidiary, Learning Horizons, Inc., was set up in March 1997. However, in August 1997, American Greetings sold two subsidiaries, Acme Frame Products, Inc. and Wilhold Inc., producer of hair accessory products, to Newell Company. Contempo Colours, a party goods company in Michigan with licenses included Monopoly and Sesame Street, was bought in August 1999 to add to DesignWare.

In Canada, the Forget-Me-Not brand was launched in 1993. In July 1997, American Greetings launched its "The All New American Way" marketing strategy that consisted of massive revamping of its everyday card lines over the next year and a half to meet nine American cultural trends.

In the 1990s, American Greetings pushed more into international markets. Acquisition occurred in 1995 with a purchase of 80% share of S.A. Greetings Corporation in South Africa and in 1996 with the purchase of John Sands, the top greeting card company in both Australia and New Zealand. In 1998, Camden Graphics Group and Hanson White Ltd. were purchased to add to its UK operations. While in 1999, a majority stake in Memory Lane Sdn Bhd, a Malaysian greeting card company, bring American to Asia for the first time.

American Greetings made a bid for Gibson Greetings, the third top card maker in the US, in March 1996, which was rejected. In 1999, the company agreed to buy rival Gibson Greetings and united the second and third largest U.S. greeting card makers. Through the Gibson purchase, American gained its strong UK unit and a 27% stake in Egreetings Network Inc.

In 1998, the company shares moved from trading on the NASDAQ to the New York Stock Exchange. AmericanGreetings.com, Inc., while not turning a profit, was announced in June 1999 to be taken public, but was withdrew due to the early 2000 tech stock collapse.

In March 1999, Hallmark started a price war with the introduction of a 99-cent card line forcing American to do the same. In 1999, the implementation of a new inventory system slowed shipments to retailers. However, this reduced sales by $100 million, a 1.5% decrease, ending a 93rd consecutive year of increasing revenue.

Fruchtenbaum was terminated in June 2000 for insider trading policy violation after the board learned that he purchased stock via options, then sold them in December 1998 before the announcement of the new inventory system implementation's expected loss. Board member James C. Spira was then appointed vice-chairman.

In November 2000, Spira was appointed to oversee a massive overhaul. The company cut 1,500 jobs, closed six manufacturing and distribution centers, discontinued Forget-Me-Not, one of its four main U.S. card brands, and cut the offered greeting cards to 10,000 from 15,000. The firm also shifted to recognizing sales at the retailer's register, not when it was stocked on the retailer's shelves in order to better control inventory. This cost them $300 million, and was highly unprofitable in the 2001 and 2002 fiscal years.

In its online sector in 2001, American Greeting purchase the Egreetings Network shares that Gibson did not already own. In January 2002, the company purchased Blue Mountain Arts (BlueMountain.com) from Excite@Home with Excite to buy ads on American Greeting websites and Blue Mountain would continue providing ecards for Excite. The company thus had four online greeting cards website including BeatGreets.com, a musical greetings website. While the online operations expected to become profitable by the fourth quarter 2002, the division had a lower loss than in the prior year.

In 2003, Morry Weiss's sons, Zev and Jeffrey, became CEO and President respectively; Morry Weiss remained Chairman. American Greetings had also branched out onto the internet and owned a network of websites. October 25, 2007, American announced the purchase of Webshots from CNET for $45 million in cash.

In July 2004, American Greetings sold MagniVision to an affiliate of Foster Grant sunglasses manufacturer. In October 2005, American Greetings recalled its Sesame Street toy sunglasses sold from December 2003 through August 2005, because the lenses can separate from the frames, posing a choking hazard to young children.

American Greetings on February 24, 2009 purchased Recycled Paper Greetings. In two cash deals with Schurman Fine Papers on April 17, 2009, the company sold its remaining 341 stores to them, and in the second deal bought Schurman's wholesale division, Papyrus brand cards and paper products, and a 15% equity stake in Schurman.

In April 2010, the company closed its DesignWare plant in Kalamazoo as the company moved to Amscan for manufacturing their party goods. American Greetings received $25 million and a warrant for 2 percent of common stock in AAH Holdings, Amscan's parent corporation, while Amscan received inventory, equipment and processes. In Mexico, the company moved strategically to a third party distributor model and closed its warehouse there.

In 2010, American Greetings announced plans to move its headquarters from Brooklyn, Ohio to a new facility at Crocker Park within the nearby city of Westlake. However, in 2013, the company announced it would delay moving its operations to Westlake. Construction had been scheduled to start in early 2013, and American Greetings said it was only delaying the $150 to $200 million project. In 2014, American Greetings sold its Brooklyn, Ohio headquarters to developers and began renting its current offices from the new owners until the move to Westlake. American Greetings opened their new Westlake headquarters in September 2016. The company leases the building from the Wiess family until August 2031.

American Greetings forced Clinton Cards PLC in May 2012 into administration. In June , American Greetings acquired assets from Clinton Cards together with some of its subsidiaries including UK Greetings. UK Greetings' card brands at the time were Camden Graphics, Hanson White, Forget Me Not and Xpressions. Clinton operated stores under the Clinton and Birthdays brands. American Greetings brought in Dominique Schurman, CEO of Schurman Retail Group, to lead Clinton.

Private corporation
American Greetings went private once again in mid-2013, thus removing itself from all the public markets, agreeing to pay $18.20 per share, valuing the company at $878 million. The Weiss family-owned Century Intermediate Holding Co. purchased the public shares.

In 2018, the Weiss family sold a 60% majority stake of the company to the investment firm Clayton Dubilier & Rice (CD&R).  The Weiss Family would continue to operate as directors and shareholders of American Greetings  as well as retain ownership of American Greetings Entertainment, which was spun off as Cloudco Entertainment. UK Greetings continued with American Greetings under CD&R while the Clintons retail chain in the UK remained with the Weiss family. On closing of the deal, David Scheible was named Chairman in place of Morry Weiss and President John Beeder was promoted to CEO (the former chairman and co-CEOs remaining on the board). In January 2019, the Weiss family placed AG's headquarters up for sale.

Scheible had been replaced by John Compton as chairman. On March 1, 2019, the retiring CEO Beeder was replaced by Joe Arcuri. Partially owned Schurman Retail Group announced in January 2020 that it would close all of its stores and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, including its American Greetings locations.

Gibson Greetings
Acquired in 1999, Gibson was founded by brothers George, Robert, Samuel and Stephen in 1855 as Gibson & Company, Lithographers in Cincinnati. It eventually began making greeting cards in 1860s and 1870s, sold to brother George as Gibson Arts in 1883 and Gibson Greeting Cards Inc. in 1960. After being under RCA Corporation and other owners was sold to American Greetings.

Units
American Greetings operates with four divisions:
North American Social Expression Products
International Social Expression Products
AG Interactive (Webshots was formerly part of AG Interactive)
a non-reportable operating segment, sometimes referred to as "Retail"

Subsidiaries and holdings

Current
Recycled Paper Greetings
John Sands, Australian subsidiary
Schurman Retail Group (15%) runs American Greeting retail stores
UK Greetings, British subsidiary

Former
Those Characters From Cleveland (1980–2018; now Cloudco Entertainment)

AmToy (1979–1988; sold to Tyco in June 1988)

Cartoonists
 R. Crumb
 Peter Guren (Ask Shagg)
 Holly Hobbie
Tom Wilson

See also
Cardmaking

References

External links

American Greetings SEC Filings

Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
American companies established in 1906
Publishing companies established in 1906
Privately held companies based in Ohio
Companies based in Cleveland
Greeting cards
1906 establishments in Ohio
1950s initial public offerings
2013 mergers and acquisitions
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020

American Greetings


An Platanthera alpinipaludosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Pieter van Royen. An Platanthera alpinipaludosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Platanthera, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Platanthera

Platanthera alpinipaludosa


Féchy is a municipality located in the district of Morges of the Swiss canton of Vaud, in Romandy, the French-speaking part of the country.

History
Féchy is first mentioned in 1188 as Fescheio.

Geography

Féchy has an area, , of .  Of this area,  or 70.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while  or 6.7% is forested.   Of the rest of the land,  or 23.0% is settled (buildings or roads),  or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 12.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 7.8%.  Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.6% of the area  Out of the forested land, 5.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.  Of the agricultural land, 27.8% is used for growing crops and 3.0% is pastures, while 39.6% is used for orchards or vine crops.  All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality was part of the Aubonne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Féchy became part of the new district of Morges.

The municipality consists of two settlement areas on both sides of road known as Vy d'Etraz, which runs between Nyon and Aubonne.  It consists of the village of Féchy and the hamlets of La Crausaz, Le Saugey and Féchy-Dessus and the new development of Les Cassivettes.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure, on two hills as many pillars Argent, in chief a vine Branch with two Leaves Vert and Grapebunch Or.

Demographics

Féchy has a population () of .  , 27.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals.  Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 22.2%.  It has changed at a rate of 15.5% due to migration and at a rate of 7% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population () speaks French (500 or 79.1%), with German being second most common (44 or 7.0%) and Portuguese being third (36 or 5.7%).  There is 1 person who speaks Italian.

Of the population in the municipality 147 or about 23.3% were born in Féchy and lived there in 2000.  There were 190 or 30.1% who were born in the same canton, while 113 or 17.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 170 or 26.9% were born outside of Switzerland.

In  there were 8 live births to Swiss citizens and 2 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there was 1 death of a Swiss citizen and 1 non-Swiss citizen death.  Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 7 while the foreign population increased by 1.  There were 2 Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland.  At the same time, there were 5 non-Swiss men and 4 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland.  The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 6 and the non-Swiss population increased by 17 people.  This represents a population growth rate of 3.2%.

The age distribution, , in Féchy is; 100 children or 13.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 89 teenagers or 11.6% are between 10 and 19.  Of the adult population, 83 people or 10.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old.  100 people or 13.0% are between 30 and 39, 132 people or 17.1% are between 40 and 49, and 108 people or 14.0% are between 50 and 59.  The senior population distribution is 102 people or 13.2% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 32 people or 4.2% are between 70 and 79, there are 21 people or 2.7% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 3 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older.

, there were 265 people who were single and never married in the municipality.  There were 315 married individuals, 29 widows or widowers and 23 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 244 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household.  There were 61 households that consist of only one person and 16 households with five or more people.  Out of a total of 250 households that answered this question, 24.4% were households made up of just one person and there were 3 adults who lived with their parents.  Of the rest of the households, there are 71 married couples without children, 94 married couples with children  There were 10 single parents with a child or children.  There were 5 households that were made up of unrelated people and 6 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

 there were 112 single family homes (or 62.2% of the total) out of a total of 180 inhabited buildings.  There were 29 multi-family buildings (16.1%), along with 32 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (17.8%) and 7 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (3.9%).  Of the single family homes 22 were built before 1919, while 11 were built between 1990 and 2000.  The greatest number of single family homes (37) were built between 1981 and 1990.  The most multi-family homes (6) were built between 1971 and 1980 and the next most (5) were built before 1919.  There were 2 multi-family houses built between 1996 and 2000.

 there were 253 apartments in the municipality.  The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 54.  There were 13 single room apartments and 120 apartments with five or more rooms.  Of these apartments, a total of 229 apartments (90.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 17 apartments (6.7%) were seasonally occupied and 7 apartments (2.8%) were empty.  , the construction rate of new housing units was 2.6 new units per 1000 residents.  The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.34%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The La Gordanne mansion and its outbuildings are listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.  The entire village of Féchy is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 23.46% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the LPS Party (20.42%), the FDP (14.75%) and the SP (12.92%).  In the federal election, a total of 258 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 61.0%.

Economy

, Féchy had an unemployment rate of 2.4%.  , there were 84 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 21 businesses involved in this sector.  24 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 4 businesses in this sector.  92 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 23 businesses in this sector.  There were 340 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.9% of the workforce.

 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 146.  The number of jobs in the primary sector was 61, all of which were in agriculture.  The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 21 of which 4 or (19.0%) were in manufacturing and 17 (81.0%) were in construction.  The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 64.  In the tertiary sector; 11 or 17.2% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 1 was in the movement and storage of goods, 5 or 7.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 3.1% were in the information industry, 4 or 6.3% were the insurance or financial industry, 14 or 21.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 3 or 4.7% were in education.

, there were 58 workers who commuted into the municipality and 227 workers who commuted away.  The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.9 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.  Of the working population, 10.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 62.9% used a private car.

Religion

From the , 170 or 26.9% were Roman Catholic, while 303 or 47.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.  Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, and there were 16 individuals (or about 2.53% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.  There were 10 individuals (or about 1.58% of the population) who were Jewish, and there was 1 individual who was Islamic.  There were 2 individuals who belonged to another church.  108 (or about 17.09% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 21 individuals (or about 3.32% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Féchy about 203 or (32.1%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 150 or (23.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).  Of the 150 who completed tertiary schooling, 48.7% were Swiss men, 30.7% were Swiss women, 13.3% were non-Swiss men and 7.3% were non-Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 77 students in the Féchy school district.  In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts.  During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 631 children of which 203 children (32.2%) received subsidized pre-school care.  The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years.  There were 47 students in the municipal primary school program.  The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 30 students in those schools.

, there were 16 students in Féchy who came from another municipality, while 103 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Notable residents
Its residents include British rock drummer Phil Collins.

References

External links

Official site, in French

Municipalities of the canton of Vaud
Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Vaud

Féchy


La Ronda Preliminar para el Campeonato Europeo de Fútbol Sala de la UEFA de 2012 tuvo lugar entre el 20 y el 24 de enero de 2011. Los países anfitriones fueron Finlandia, Islandia, Malta, República de Irlanda, República de Macedonia y Turquía.

Equipos participantes
Fue la cuarta edición de este campeonato europeo regulado de los equipos nacionales de fútbol sala.La selección de Croacia como representante del país anfitrión quedó clasificada directamente para la Fase Final.La selección de España que defendía el título también tuvo que tomar parte en el proceso de clasificación.Inicialmente de los 43 equipos miembros de la UEFA inscritos se seleccionó aquellos 24 de menor nivel (según el criterio UEFA) para disputar una Ronda Preliminar con 6 grupos de 4 equipos  y de ellos los vencedores de cada grupo  pasaron a jugar la Ronda de Clasificación. Estos 6 equipos junto con los 18 restantes competirían en la Ronda de Clasificación.Los países participantes en la Ronda Preliminar fueron:

Organización

Sedes
El torneo se disputó en las ciudades de:

Resultados
(Entre el 20 y el 24 de enero de 2011)

Grupo A

Resultados

Grupo B

Resultados

Grupo C

Resultados

Grupo D

Resultados

Grupo E

Resultados

Grupo F

Resultados

Estadísticas

Resumen

Goleadores

Tarjetas

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página de la UEFA
 Wikipedia UEFA Futsal Championship

2012
Croacia en 2012
Fútbol sala en 2012
Fútbol sala en Croacia
Competiciones deportivas europeas celebradas en Croacia

Ronda Preliminar para la Eurocopa de fútbol sala de 2012


QuickDraw 3D, or QD3D for short, is a 3D graphics API developed by Apple Inc. (then Apple Computer, Inc.) starting in 1995, originally for their Macintosh computers, but delivered as a cross-platform system.

QD3D was separated into two layers. A lower level system known as RAVE (Rendering Acceleration Virtual Engine) provided a hardware abstraction layer with functionality similar to Direct3D or cut-down versions of OpenGL like MiniGL. On top of this was an object-oriented scene graph system, QD3D proper, which handled model loading and manipulation at a level similar to OpenGL++. The system also supplied a number of high-level utilities for file format conversion, and a standard viewer application for the Mac OS.

QD3D had little impact in the computer market, both as a result of Apple's beleaguered position in the mid-1990s, as well as several fateful decisions made by the design team about future changes in the 3D hardware market that did not come true. Apple abandoned work on QD3D after Steve Jobs took over in 1998, and announced that future 3D support on Mac OS would be based on OpenGL.

OpenGL in the 1990s
The canonical 3D API of the 1990s was OpenGL. This had been written by SGI and initially closely matched the capabilities of their workstation systems, operating as a hardware abstraction layer. The OpenGL API consisted mostly of state-setting instructions for setting up drawing modes like the paint color or camera position, and system for sending geometry into the system, normally as meshes of triangles. The combination of these instructions was saved into a display list which was then rendered to produce the output.

OpenGL lacked many features that are needed to produce a complete 3D program. Saving and loading geometry data, collecting that data into groups to produce model objects, and the control of state was all left to the programmer. This was considered to be an advantage in an era when performance was limited and direct control over these sorts of functions was a route to improved performance.

However, this lack of high-level functionality did make it more difficult to quickly write simple programs, as well as leading to a lack of interoperability. A number of efforts started to provide standardized higher level APIs, like OpenGL++ and (later) Fahrenheit, which handled many of the more common bookkeeping tasks like loading geometry from files and providing a display. These standardized scene graph systems meant the programmer only had to provide the GUI for the program.

While OpenGL is mostly low-level, it did include some higher-level concepts that were only really used on SGI systems. This led to another series of APIs that removed these features to make it easier to implement on common hardware. The best known of these is MiniGL, which is not a separate API, but simply a list of those functions in OpenGL that are guaranteed to be supported across all hardware, thus ensuring that a program limiting itself to those calls will run with maximum performance.

QD3D
QD3D was designed from the start to operate on computers with considerably less power than workstations. This led to a concerted effort to cleanly separate the upper and lower layers of the API, with the lower-level RAVE system being closer to MiniGL from the start. This had the advantage of providing a clean and minimal API that could be more easily ported to different hardware.

Since only RAVE needed to be ported, the upper layer APIs could be made as complex as desired, and the QD3D system included a complete scene graph, a standardized model file format, 3DMF, and even basic GUI objects that utilized them. To write a simple application in QD3D, the programmer only had to include a few libraries and then place the GUI elements in their program using ResEdit or similar tools.

Additional functionality included a "plug-in" rendering system, which allowed an application to render a scene in a variety of styles. Without changing the model or their code, developers could render the same scene interactively or (with suitable plug-ins) using methods such as ray-tracing or phong shading.

The QD3D API was an object-like system based on pure-C code. The various structures were carefully constructed to contain pointers to other important objects. Objects knew all the drawing state they needed, thereby eliminating code that would normally be needed when developing under OpenGL.

On the downside, QD3D's layering introduced performance issues. For instance, the system stored and automatically set state for every object before drawing. This made development much easier, but also made the performance drop in a way the developer had no direct control over. Those applications demanding performance over ease of programming could instead choose to use the RAVE layer directly.

Another area of concern is that the scene graph was hidden from view, and considerable improvements in rendering performance can be made by carefully "culling" the graph to remove those objects that are not in view. Although later releases of QD3D gained the ability to automatically perform visibility culling (based on the grouping of objects in the scene graph), OpenGL's lack of support for this feature typically forced developers to implement it from the start.

Switch to OpenGL
Good low-level 3D performance relies not only on the programmer to provide efficient models, but high-quality drivers for the hardware as well. Although RAVE was designed to be cross-platform, only hardware developers which supported Mac (ATI, NVIDIA, and 3dfx) produced drivers for it. This left any comparison between QD3D and alternative APIs one-sided, as outside of the Mac QD3D was forced to fall back to a software RAVE implementation.

As OpenGL gained traction on Windows (often credited to id Software, who championed the API over D3D), hardware developers were increasingly designing future hardware against the future feature set planned for Microsoft's D3D. Through its extension mechanism OpenGL was able to track these changes relatively easily, while RAVE's feature set remained relatively fixed.

At the Macworld Expo in January 1999, Apple announced that neither QuickDraw 3D nor RAVE would be included in Mac OS X. The company laid off the development staff in June 1999, replacing the in-house technology with OpenGL after buying a Mac implementation and key staff from Conix Enterprises.

After Apple withdrew support for QD3D, an open source implementation of the QD3D API was developed externally. Known as Quesa, this implementation combines QD3D's higher level concepts with an OpenGL renderer. As well as cross-platform hardware acceleration, this library also allows the use of the QD3D API on platforms never supported by Apple (such as Linux). The latest update is from 2023.

Applications
Among hundreds of applications published employing RAVE are:
Graphing Calculator in the 1990s, shipped with every Power Macintosh
Quake
Descent II
Unreal
Carmageddon 2
Future Cop: LAPD
WaterRace
StrataVision 3D
Infini-D
Bugdom

See also
QuickDraw
OpenGL
DirectX
3dfx

References

External links
3D Graphics Programming with QuickDraw 3D 1.5.4 — QD3D manual (archived)
QuickDraw 3D: A New Dimension for Macintosh Graphics — prerelease article, June 1995
QuickDraw 3D: Questions and Answers
Quesa project home page

3D scenegraph APIs
Macintosh operating systems APIs

QuickDraw 3D


6233 Kimura este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
6233 Kimura este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Karasuyama de Shigeru Inoda și Takeshi Urata. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,79 ua, o excentricitate de 0,18 și o înclinație de 6,8° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 6001-7000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1986
Centura de asteroizi

6233 Kimura


Obama (također Boggy Peak do 4.8.2009.) je najviši vrh planinskog lanca Shekerley i otoka Antigva. Nalazi se na jugozapadnoj strani otoka s visinom od 402 m. Nazvana je po Baracku Obami, 44. predsjedniku Sjedinjenih Američkih Država.

Povijest

Promjena imena
4. kolovoza 2009. na 48. rođendan američkog predsjednika Baracka Obame premijer Antigve i Barbude Baldwin Spencer je preimenovao planinu Boggy Peak u Mount Obama.

Izvori

Reljefni oblici u Antigvi i Barbudi
Planine u Sjevernoj Americi

Obama (planina)


A Escola Técnica de Criação (ETC) foi um projeto de formalização da educação superior para o desenho industrial iniciado em 1956, inspirado na Escola Superior da Forma de Ulm na Alemanha, desenvolvido pelo Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro (MAM-RJ), inicialmente planejado para ser instalada no Bloco Escola. A ideia era parte de um objetivo de institucionalizar o desenho industrial no Brasil nas décadas de 1950 e 1960. O projeto, no entanto, se mostrou inviável financeiramente e foi cancelado. A estrutura proposta e o programa pedagógico desenvolvidos para a Escola Técnica de Criação, serviram de base para a fundação da Escola Superior de Desenho Industrial, também na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em 1963.

Referências

!Artigos novos
Design
História do design
Escolas de design

Escola Técnica de Criação


Geoffrey Paul Regan  (born 22 November 1959) is a former Canadian politician who served as the 36th Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada from 2015 to 2019. A member of the Liberal Party of Canada, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Halifax West 2000 to 2021, previously holding the seat from 1993 to 1997. Under Paul Martin, he was Minister of Fisheries and Oceans from 2003 to 2006.

Early life and career
Regan was born in Windsor, Nova Scotia. Regan is the son of Gerald Regan, a former Premier of Nova Scotia and Cabinet Minister under Pierre Trudeau, and Carole Harrison, the daughter of John Harrison, a Member of Parliament from Saskatchewan. Two of his sisters  are also well-known: Nancy Regan was a well-known local television personality with ATV, Laura Regan is an actress.

Regan graduated from Sackville High School in 1977 and then earned his Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from St. Francis Xavier University in 1980. Following university, Regan went on to earn a law degree from Dalhousie University, graduating in 1983. He was admitted to the Nova Scotia Barristers' Society in 1984 and practiced real estate and commercial law before entering public life.

Regan was a member of Toastmasters for almost ten years, in the late 1980s to early 1990s.

Federal politics
Regan was first elected to the House of Commons as part of the Liberal landslide victory in the 1993 federal election under Jean Chrétien. He was defeated in the 1997 election by NDP candidate Gordon Earle, mainly because of the federal government's changes to employment insurance.

After regaining his seat in the 2000 federal election, Regan was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons, a position then held by Don Boudria. In 2003, Paul Martin appointed him as Minister of Fisheries and Oceans.

Regan was the Regional Minister for Nova Scotia in the newly formed government of Paul Martin, sworn in on 12 December 2003. Regan was re-elected in the 2004 federal election. He would keep position in cabinet in Martin's minority government. In February 2004, Regan was appointed to act as Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, in matters related to Maher Arar.

In opposition

Upon the defeat of the Liberal government in the 2006 election, he was appointed by Bill Graham, Interim Leader of the Official Opposition, to the shadow cabinet as the Official Opposition Critic for Human Resources and Skills Development. During his time as critic, Regan introduced a private members' bill to expand Canada Access Grants for disabled and low income students. In January 2007, he was appointed to the newly created Liberal Priorities and Planning Committee, which was chaired by then Liberal Opposition Leader Stéphane Dion. In March 2008, Regan was named Chair of the Caucus Committee on Environmental Sustainability. Regan also served as Vice-Chair of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development.

Regan was re-elected in 2008, and 2011 federal elections, despite significant Liberal losses in both. Regan won his seat by a few percentage points in the latter election as the Liberals finished in third place. Under the leadership of Stephane Dion, Regan served as Opposition Critic for Human Resources and Skills Development. Under Michael Ignatieff, Regan served as Liberal Critic for Natural Resources, and later, Public Works and Government Services and also as the Liberal Natural Resources Critic under leader Justin Trudeau and the  Vice-Chair of the Standing Committee on Natural Resources.

Speaker of the House of Commons

Regan was re-elected in the 2015 federal election with 68% of the vote as the Liberal party swept all 32 Atlantic Canada seats and formed a majority government. On 2 December 2015, Regan was selected as Speaker of the House of Commons in secret ballot by members of the 42nd Parliament over Liberals Denis Paradis and Yasmin Ratansi and Conservative Bruce Stanton. Regan won on the first ballot and served as the first speaker from Atlantic Canada in almost a hundred years. In December 2019, he ran for re-election for Speaker of the Commons but lost to fellow Liberal MP Anthony Rota. Following Rota's win, the Conservatives said that he had them to thank for his new position. They had made the decision during a caucus meeting to unseat Regan as a show of strength to the Liberal minority government.

On March 31, 2021, Regan announced that he would not seek re-election.

Awards and honours
 Metro Food Bank Society Community Leadership Award (1992)
 Halifax Board of Trade Certificate of Merit (1992)
 Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (2002)
 Appointed member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada (2003)
 Elisabeth Mann Borgese Medal (2005) The International Ocean Institute awarded Regan then Minister of Fisheries and Oceans for his "exemplary leadership in the field of Ocean Governance."
 Lebanese Community Recognition Award (2008)
 Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal (2012)
 Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal (2022)

Personal life
Regan's wife, Kelly Regan, is a provincial MLA and former Deputy Premier of Nova Scotia.

Electoral record

References

External links

1959 births
Canadian people of Irish descent
Dalhousie University alumni
Living people
Members of the 27th Canadian Ministry
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Nova Scotia
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
People from Windsor, Nova Scotia
Geoff
St. Francis Xavier University alumni
Speakers of the House of Commons of Canada

Geoff Regan


As-Sulṭaan al-Ghaazee Muhammad Thakurufaanu al-A'uẓam () (died on 18 August 1585 (aged 50)) or As-Sultan Ghazi Muhammad Bodu Thakurufaanu ruled over the Maldive Islands from 1573 to 1585. He is known for fighting the Portuguese who ruled over the Maldives from 1558–1573 after killing Sultan Ali VI in Malé. His victory is commemorated in the Maldives as Qaumee Dhuvas or National Day. He was also the first Maldivian King to form the  (a unified military body).

Early years
Muhammad Thakurufaanu was the son of Katheebu Hussain  of Utheemu in Thiladhummathi Atoll and Lady Aiminaa Dhiye of Ihavandhoo. Muhammad Thakurufan learned  (Martial Arts).

Defeat of the Portuguese

After killing Sultan Ali IV, the Maldives was ruled by  and the Portuguese.  was a regent of the  (Sultan Hassan IX) who was the first Maldivian and the only member of its royalty to renounce Islam and convert to Christianity, later upon his deposition he took refuge in Goa, India.

After the invasion, the Portuguese ruled over the Maldives in a period which the history describes as
A time when intolerable enormities were committed by the invading infidels, a time when the sea grew red with Maldivian blood, a time when people were sunk in despair

To bring an end to this, Muhammad Thakurufaanu, left the Maldives with his brothers Ali and Hasan to Minicoy off the coast of India in the Laccadive Archipelago. The three Utheemu brothers built the ship . It is said that Muhammad Thakurufaanu received a help from the Maroshi  (toddy-tapper) who mended and maintained the sail of the  - the ship used in the battle and supply water to the vessel every time it docked at Maroshi. The island has the tree that grew from the  (a raw wooden post) used to make the sail of . It is also the largest tree of its kind in the country.
Kalhuoffumi is currently dismantled, and turned into a mosqué in Kolhufushi

The brothers landed on a different island every night, fought the Portuguese and set sail into the ocean before daybreak. They reached the capital island Malé on the night before the day fixed by the Portuguese garrison of  for the forcible conversion of the inhabitants to Christianity, on the penalty of death for non-compliance. The Utheemu brothers along with other Maldivians, fought and killed the Portuguese garrison and regained independence for the country.  was killed by a musket shot of Muhammad Thakurufaanu.

Aftermath

After killing , as per a treaty he got refuge from Ali Raja of Cannanore, India. Muhammad Thakurufaanu's base of operation was Maliku under the sovereignty of Cannanore. The Ali Raja demanded dominion over the Maldives, as promised to him by the Muhammad Thakurufaanu. The nature of the relationship between Muhammad Thakurufan and Ali Raja of Cannanore was outlined in a letter sent by a later Ali Raja, Mariambe Ali-Adi Raja Bibi, to the Sultan Muhammad Mueenuddine I of the Maldives. The letter was dated Friday 17 Jumad al-Awla Anno Hegirae 1243 (7 December AD 1827). According to the letter Muhammad Thakurufan had entered into a treaty ceding sovereignty of the Maldives to the Ali Raja of Cannanore in the event Thakurufan was established in power in Male.

Muhammad Thakurufaanu concluded a treaty with the King Dom Manoel who lived in Goa, in order to ward off the Ali Raja of Cannanore. Although Muhammad Thakurufan was made a regent of King Dom Manoel (as per the treaty), the Maldivians assigned  Muhammad Thakurufaanu as the Sultan of the Maldives, no longer recognizing the sovereignty of the self-exiled Christian kings in Goa or their regents. The chronicles report him to have ruled wisely, being just and considerate, protecting all the poor, and even solicitous for the people's interests. Muhammed Thakurufaanu died a natural death on 16 August 1585.

Death

As-Sultan Muhammad Thakurufaanu al-Auzam died on 1st Ramadan 993 AH, after 11 years and 6 months in power. It was on 18 August 1585. He was buried on the Mausoleum of the Muhammad Thakurufaanu al-Auzam near Bihuroazu Kamanaa Mosque in Malé.

Legacy
British author Royston Ellis's  novel A Hero in Time is about the life and adventures of Muhammad Thakurufaanu.

The army (lashkaru) organised by him has evolved into the Maldives National Defence Force.

The Islamic Centre, the largest mosque in Maldives, Masjid as-Sultan Muhammad Thakurufaanu al-Auzam is named after him.

See also
List of Sultans of the Maldives
Islamic Centre (Maldives)
Qaumee Dhuvas
Origin of the Security Force in Maldives
Bihuroazu Kamanaa Mosque

References

Divehi Tārīkhah Au Alikameh. Divehi Bahāi Tārikhah Khidmaiykurā Qaumī Markazu. Reprint 1958 edn. Male' 1990.
H.C.P. Bell, The Maldive Islands, An account of the physical features, History, Inhabitants, Productions and Trade. Colombo 1883,

1535 births
1585 deaths
16th-century sultans of the Maldives
Conflicts in 1573
Wars involving the Maldives
Year of birth unknown

Muhammad Thakurufaanu al-Auzam


FlyBosnia je bosanskohercegovačka zrakoplovna tvrtka sa sjedištem u Sarajevu. Glavno sjedište se nalazi u zračnoj luci Sarajevo.

Povijest
FlyBosnia je registrirana u studenom 2017. godine. Direkcija civilnog zrakoplovstva Bosne i Hercegovine izdala je 11. siječnja 2019. godine zrakoplovnoj kompaniji FlyBosnia Certifikat o zračnom operateru (AOC) BA-014.

Odredišta

Zračna luka Sarajevo

Zračna luka Mostar

Flota
FlyBosnia raspolaže sljedećim zrakoplovima:

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Službena web stranica

Bosanskohercegovačke zrakoplovne tvrtke

FlyBosnia


Hesten er en dansk kortfilm fra 1931 instrueret af George Schnéevoigt og efter manuskript af Fleming Lynge.

Handling

Medvirkende
 Frederik Jensen
 Ellen Rovsing
 Aase Jacobsen
 Inger Bjarne

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1931

Hesten (film fra 1931)


هنا قائمة ببطولات ويمبلدون سنة 1998:

الكبار

فردي رجال

 بيت سامبراس هزم  غوران إيفانيسوفيتش 6-7(2-7) 7-6(11-9) 6-4 3-6 6-2

فردي سيدات

 يانا نوفوتنا هزم  ناتالي تاوزيات 6-4 7-6(7-2)

زوجي رجال

 جاكو التينغ و بول هارهويس هزم  تود وودبريدج و مارك وودفورد 2-6 6-4 7-6(7-3) 5-7 10-8

زوجي سيدات

 مارتينا هينغيز و يانا نوفوتنا هزم  ليندسي دافنبورت و نتاشا زفريفا 6-3 3-6 8-6

زوجي مختلط

 ماكس ميرناي و سيرينا ويليامز هزم  ماهيش بوباثي و ميريانا لوتيتش 6-4 6-4

الشباب

فردي أولاد
 روجيه فيدرير هزم  إيراكلي لابادزي, 6-4, 6-4

فردي بنات
 كاترينا سربوتنيكا هزم  كيم كلايجستيرس, 7-6(3), 6-3

زوجي أولاد
 روجيه فيدرير و أوليفر روخوس هزم  ميشيل لاودرا و أندي رام, 3-6, 6-4, 7-5

زوجي بنات
 إيفا ديربيرج و يلينا كوستانيتش توسيتش هزم  بترا رامبري و رودا تولاياجانوفا, 6-2, 7-6(5)

مراجع

بطولة ويمبلدون 1998
أحداث 1998 الرياضية في لندن
أحداث يوليو 1998 الرياضية في المملكة المتحدة
أحداث يونيو 1998 الرياضية في المملكة المتحدة
كرة المضرب في 1998

بطولة ويمبلدون 1998


La Résolution 828 est une résolution du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies adoptée le , dans sa 3218 séance, concernant l' Érythrée et qui recommande à l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies d'admettre ce pays comme nouveau membre, à la suite de sa demande..

Vote
La résolution a été approuvée sans vote.

Contexte historique
La demande d'adhésion du pays se fait immédiatement après son accession à l'indépendance.

À la suite de cette résolution ce pays est admis à l'ONU le 28 mai 1993 .

Texte
 Résolution 828 Sur fr.wikisource.org
 Résolution 828 Sur en.wikisource.org

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Organisation des Nations unies.
 Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies.
 Résolution du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies.
 Résolutions de l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies.
 Liste des résolutions du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies.
 Liste des résolutions du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies par pays.

Liens externes

 Charte des Nations unies sur le site des Nations unies.

0828
1993 en droit
1993 en Érythrée
Mai 1993

Résolution 828 du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies


Zahir Hussein Khan (en ), né le , est un joueur de squash représentant le Pakistan. Il atteint en janvier 1982 la  mondiale sur le circuit international, son meilleur classement.

Biographie

Il participe aux championnats du monde par équipes 1979 avec l'équipe nationale pakistanaise et atteint la finale, où elle s'incline 3-0 face à la Grande-Bretagne. Khan n'a pas participé à la finale. Entre 1979 et 1983, il participe quatre fois au tableau principal des championnats du monde en simple et atteint deux fois son meilleur résultat avec le deuxième tour.

Palmarès

Titres
 Open de squash d'Écosse : 1980

Finales
 Championnat du monde par équipes : 1979

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Squash au Pakistan

Liens externes

Joueur pakistanais de squash
Naissance en octobre 1960

Zahir Hussein Khan


An Festuca flavescens in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlo Antonio Lodovico Bellardi. An Festuca flavescens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Festuca, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Festuca

Festuca flavescens


Vyšná Sitnica este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Humenné din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 370 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Vyšná Sitnica este atestată documentar din 1408.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Vyšná Sitnica, Humenné


«يدنا سي يدانا»، كان النشيد الوطني للبوسنة والهرسك بين سنتي 1992 و1998.

الموسيقى أخذت من الأغنية البوسنة الشعبية القديمة "S one strane Plive" «اس ون تران بلايف» والتي تعني (على ضفة النهر البعيد لنهر البلايف أو على الضفة الأخرى من نهر البلايف)، والكلمات للنشيد قد كتبت بواسطة النجم البوسني إيدين ديرفيشاليدوفيتش. وقد تم تبني النشيد في نوفمبر 1992 بعد عدة شهور من الاستقلال في مارس 1992. مهما يكن، بسبب الـ «يدنا سي يدانا» فقد تم الاحتجاج بسبب قرب الكلمات للبوسنين، وقد لوحظ استثناء النشيد الكروات البوسنين والصرب البوسنين. ولكن لايزال الـ (يدنا سي يدانا) هو النشيد الوطني الحقيقي للكثير من البوسنين.

الكلمات

{| cellpadding=6
! بالبوسنية
! الترجمة إلى العربية
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
|
Zemljo tisućljetna
Na vjernost ti se kunem
Od mora do Save
Od Drine do Une

Refren:Jedna si jedina
moja domovinaJedna si jedina
Bosna i Hercegovina

Bog nek' te sačuva
Za pokoljenja nova
Zemljo mojih snova
Mojih pradjedovaRefren|
أيها الأرض ذات الألف سنة
أنا أعهد ولائي لكي
من السافا إلى البحر
من الدرينا إلى الأوناالمقطع الأساسي: الموحدّة والمميزة
أرضي الأم الوحيدةالموحدّة والمميزة
البوسنة والهرسك

يصونك ربي
لقدوم الأجيال
أرض أحلامي
أرض أسلافيالمقطع الأساسي
|}
 ملاحظة'' : السافاو الدرينا والأونا هي أسامي أنهار في البوسنة والهرسك.

انظر أيضاً
 البوسنة والهرسك
 النشيد الوطني للبوسنة والهرسك

مراجع

أناشيد أوروبية
أناشيد وطنية تاريخية
رموز البوسنة والهرسك الوطنية
موسيقى بوسنية

يدنا سي يدانا


Etefilum (lat. Cleretum pinnatifidum; sin. Aethephyllum pinnatifidum</small>), biljka iz porodice čupavica. Nekada je uključivana u samostalni rod Aethephyllum, odakle joj je i došao hrvatski naziv etefilum.

Naraste ispod 15 centimetara. Domovina joj je Western Cape, Južnoafrička Republika.

Sinonimi
 Aethephyllum pinnatifidum (L.f.) N.E.Br.
 Mesembryanthemum pinnatifidum L.f.
 Mesembryanthemum pinnatum Thunb.

Izvori

Ruschioideae

Etefilum


Tuğamiral Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville (23 Mayıs 1790, Condé-sur-Noireau – 8 Mayıs 1842, Meudon), Fransız kâşif ve deniz subayı. Keşiflerini güney ve batı Büyük Okyanusu, Avustralya, Yeni Zelanda ve Antarktika çevrelerinde sürdürdü.

Fransa, Meudon yakınlarında, eşi ve oğlu ile birlikte bir Demiryolu kazasında yaşamını yitirdi.

1790 doğumlular
Calvados doğumlular
1842 yılında ölenler
Fransız kâşifler
Fransız subaylar
Avustralya kâşifleri
Antarktika kâşifleri
Montparnasse Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler

Jules Dumont d'Urville


Ricky Karanda Suwardi (* 21. Januar 1992 in Cirebon) ist ein indonesischer Badmintonspieler.

Karriere
Ricky Karanda Suwardi stand 2010 im Viertelfinale der Indonesia International gemeinsam mit Agripina Prima Rahmanto. Mit ihm schaffte er es auch ins Viertelfinale des Indonesia Grand Prix Gold 2010 sowie ins Halbfinale des India Grand Prix 2010. Im gleichen Jahr gewann er Bronze bei der Junioren-Badmintonasienmeisterschaft im Mixed mit Della Destiara Haris. 2012 siegte er bei den Vietnam International und bei den Indonesia International jeweils im Doppel mit Muhammad Ulinnuha.

Weblinks
http://www.pb-pbsi.org/app/profile/playerProfile.aspx?/000002798
http://www.tournamentsoftware.com/ranking/player.aspx?id=2340&player=146458

Badmintonspieler (Indonesien)
Teilnehmer an den Asienspielen (Indonesien)
Teilnehmer an den Südostasienspielen (Indonesien)
Indonesier
Geboren 1992
Mann

Ricky Karanda Suwardi


est un film japonais réalisé par Yōji Yamada et sorti en 1982. C'est le  film de la série C'est dur d'être un homme.

Synopsis
À la suite d'une énième dispute avec sa famille à Shimabata, Tora-san repart en voyage d'affaires sur l'île de Kyūshū. Il établit ses quartiers dans un onsen où il a ses habitudes à Yufu, dans la préfecture d'Ōita. Il fait la connaissance de Saburō, un jeune homme timide venu de Tokyo avec les cendres de sa mère. Trente ans plus tôt, cette dernière travaillait comme femme de ménage dans cet onsen. Tora-san et M. Muta, le propriétaire se chargent d'organiser une cérémonie funéraire en son honneur. Keiko et son amie Yukari, deux jeunes clientes tokyoïtes sont invitées à y participer.

Après la mise en terre des cendres, Tora-san, Saburō, Keiko et Yukari passent la journée ensemble, puis les jeunes filles prennent un bateau pour continuer leur périple. Saburō avoue à Tora-san être tombé amoureux de Keiko, mais sa timidité lui a empêché de trouver les mots justes pour le lui dire. Il propose d'emmener Tora-san à Tokyo en voiture, de son côté, Tora-san accepte de jouer le rôle d'intermédiaire afin de rapprocher le jeune homme et la jeune fille.

Fiche technique
 Titre : C'est dur d'être un homme : Le Conseiller
 Titre original :
 Réalisation : Yōji Yamada
 Scénario : Yōji Yamada et Yoshitaka Asama
 Photographie :
 Montage :
 Musique : Naozumi Yamamoto
 Décors : Mitsuo Degawa
 Producteur : Kiyoshi Shimazu et Tetsuo Sao
 Société de production : Shōchiku
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : japonais
 Format : couleur — 2,35:1 — 35 mm — son mono
 Genres : comédie dramatique ; romance
 Durée : 106 minutes (métrage : huit bobines - )
 Dates de sortie :
 Japon :

Distribution
 Kiyoshi Atsumi : Torajirō Kuruma / Tora-san
 Chieko Baishō : Sakura Suwa, sa demi-sœur
  : Ryūzō Kuruma, son oncle
  : Tsune Kuruma, sa tante
  : Hiroshi Suwa, le mari de Sakura
 Hidetaka Yoshioka : Mitsuo Suwa, le fils de Sakura et de Hiroshi
 Yūko Tanaka : Keiko Ogawa
 Kenji Sawada : Saburō / Julie (rêve de Tora-san)
  : Muta, le propriétaire de l'onsen
  : Yukari, l'amie de Keiko
  : Kinuko Ogawa, la mère de Keiko
 Yukiji Asaoka : Momoe
  : le mari de Momoe
 Taiji Tonoyama : un prêtre
  : le gérant de la grande roue
  : le géomètre du générique de début
  : l'adjoint du géomètre
  : Umetarō Katsura, le voisin imprimeur
  : Genko
 Chishū Ryū : Gozen-sama, le grand prêtre
 Troupe de dance du rêve de Tora-san :

Distinctions

Récompenses
 1983 : Blue Ribbon Award du meilleur acteur pour Kiyoshi Atsumi

Nominations
 1984 : prix de la meilleure actrice pour Yūko Tanaka aux Japan Academy Prize

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 C'est dur d'être un homme (série de films)

Liens externes

  Site web officiel

Film japonais sorti en 1982
Comédie dramatique japonaise
Film en japonais
Film de Shōchiku
Film se déroulant à Tokyo
Film se déroulant dans la préfecture d'Ōita
Film se déroulant dans la préfecture de Chiba
Film réalisé par Yōji Yamada
Suite de film japonais
Film C'est dur d'être un homme


Crudia zeylanica (), sometimes known as Sri Lanka legume, is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae endemic to Sri Lanka. Once thought to be extinct, the plant was rediscovered in 2019.

නැවත සොයා ගැනිම
2019 වන තෙක්, මෙම ගස 1911 සිට දැක නොතිබූ අතර, ශාකාගාර නිදර්ශක වලින් පමණක් දැන සිටියේය.  මේ අනුව, යල් පැන ගිය IUCN රතු ලැයිස්තු තක්සේරුවකින් එය වඳ වී ගොස් ඇති බව ලැයිස්තුගත කර ඇත.  2019 වසරේදී ගම්පහ දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ ස්ථාන කිහිපයක ගම්පහ, දාරළුව දුම්රිය ස්ථානයට ආසන්නව පිහිටි කුඩා වනාන්තර ඉඩමක මෙම ශාකය නැවත සොයා ගන්නා ලදී.2023 ජුලි මාසයේදී ලොකයේ විශාලතම මෙන්ම ආරක්ෂා කල යුතු ශාකය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පරිසරවේදීන් ගෙ බලවත් අප්‍රසාදය ට ලක් වෙමින් ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජයේ කැබිනට් මණ්ඩලය අනුමැතිය ලබා ගෙන ගස කපා දැමූ බව මහා මාර්ග අමාත්‍ය බන්ධුල ගුණවර්ධන පුවත්පත් සාකච්ජාවක් පවත්වමින් කියා සිටියේය. එමෙන්ම එම ශාකය කපා දැමීමට සිදු උනේ මහනුවර කොලඹ අධිවේගී මාර්ගය සඳහා බවට අමාත්‍ය බන්ධුල ගුණවර්ධන ප්‍රකාශ කර සිටියේය. ලොකයේ වඳ වී ඇතැයි සිතූ ශාකයක් නැවත සොයා ගෙන ටික කාලයකින් ලොවට අහිමි කර වීම ඉතා කනගාටුදායකය.

Conservation effort
On 7 February 2021, Gampaha Divisional Forest Officer Devani Jayathilaka visited a construction site of the expressway from Kadawatha to Meerigama and discovered a Crudia zeylanica plant. She immediately prevented the workers from destroying it and informed the personnel regarding the matter. The news made a huge media circus in Sri Lanka, where several authorities cited the value of the tree and prevented it from being cut.

On 10 February 2021, the plant was ordained by the Buddhist clergy from the National Bhikku Front in an effort to protect it.

References

zeylanica
Endemic flora of Sri Lanka
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

බාහිර සබැඳි
 කෘෘඩියා සෙලනිකා Crudia Zeylanica නොහොත් පණු කරද පිළිබද වීඩියෝපට
 l කෘෘඩියා සෙලනිකා Crudia Zeylanica නොහොත් පණ් කරද ශාකය වෙනුවෙන් ලියූ වෙබ් පිටුව වෙතින්
 lකෘෘඩියා සෙලනිකා Crudia Zeylanica නොහොත් පණු කරද ශාකය වෙනුවෙන් ලියූ බ්ලොග් කියවනය

ශාක
වදවී යන ශාක
දේශීය ශාක

පඬු කරඳ


Chlamydia trachomatis este o specie de bacterie Gram-negativă din genul Chlamydia, familia Chlamydiaceae, ordinul Chlamydiales. Este o bacterie patogenă umană obligatoriu intracelulară. Reprezintă cauza pentru boala infecțioasă denumită clamidioză, provocând și trahom, uretrită non-gonococică, cervicită, salpingită și chiar boala inflamatorie pelviană. C. trachomatis este cea mai comună cauză infecțioasă de apariție a orbirii și este bacteria cea mai transmisă prin contact sexual neprotejat.

Sinonime taxonomice sub care a mai fost cunoscută specia:
Rickettsia trachomae (sic) Busacca 1935
Rickettsia trachomatis (Busacca 1935) Foley and Parrot 1937
Chlamydozoon trachomatis (Busacca 1935) Moshkovski 1945

Note

Vezi și
 Neisseria gonorrhoeae
 Clamidioză, infecția cu Chlamydia trachomatis

Legături externe
Chlamydiae.com

Tulpina tip de Chlamydia trachomatis de la BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Bacterii Gram-negative
Chlamydia

Chlamydia trachomatis


Conor Niland (* 19. September 1981 in Birmingham) ist ein ehemaliger irischer Tennisspieler.

Karriere
Niland war vor allem auf der Future und Challenger Tour aktiv. Im Einzel gewann er auf der Challenger Tour drei Titel. Im Jahr 2011 qualifizierte er sich erstmals für das Hauptfeld bei einem Grand-Slam-Turnier: Als erster Ire seit Sean Sorensen 1977 und 1980 stand er in der 1. Runde beim Turnier in Wimbledon. Sein Spiel gegen Adrian Mannarino verlor er knapp in fünf Sätzen, obwohl er im entscheidenden fünften Satz bereits mit einem Doppelbreak 4:1 geführt hatte. Er wiederholte seinen Erfolg bei den US Open 2011, wo er sich ebenfalls für die Hauptrunde qualifizierte. Gegen den topgesetzten Novak Đoković blieb er jedoch chancenlos, beim Stand von 0:6, 1:5 musste er sogar aufgrund einer Lebensmittelvergiftung vorzeitig aufgeben.

Er spielte zwischen 2000 und 2012 für die irische Davis-Cup-Mannschaft. Bei 22 Teilnahmen bestritt er 35 Spiele. Sowohl im Einzel mit 16:14 als auch im Doppel mit 3:2 ist seine Bilanz positiv.

Am 12. April 2012 gab Niland seinen Rücktritt vom Profitennis bekannt. Seit längerem litt er an einer schwereren Hüftverletzung, die ihn letztlich dazu zwang, seine Karriere zu beenden.

Erfolge

Einzel

Turniersiege

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Davis-Cup-Spieler (Irland)
College-Tennis-Spieler
Ire
Geboren 1981
Mann

Conor Niland


Abdi Bile (Laascaanood, 28. prosinca 1962.), pravim imenom Cabdi Bille Cabdi, bio je somalijski srednjeprugaš, natjecatelj u utrakama na 800 i 1500 metara.

Kratkotrajno je držao svjetski rekord u utrci na 1500 metara. Za Somaliju je nastupio na dvjema Olimpijskim igrama i tri Svjetska prvenstva u atletici, osvojivši svjetsko zlato i Kontinentalni kup. Smatra se najboljim somalijskim atletičarem te se ubraja među najbolja somalijske športaše.

Životopis
Rođen je u gradu Laascaanoodu na sjeveru Somalije 1962. u stočarskoj nomadskoj obitelji. Srednju školu završio je u Erigavu. Kao dijete igrao je nogomet, a u srednjoj se školi počeo baviti trčanjem, isprva iz hobija. Na nagovor i preporuku nastavnika tjelesne kulture postaje član atletskog kluba i započinje športsku karijeru.

Prvi veliki uspjeh ostvaruje plasmanom na Olimpijske igre 1984. u Los Angelesu, gdje je u utrci na 800 metara osvojio 5. mjesto u četvrtzavršnici, a na 1500 metara 4. mjesto u izlučnim utrkama. Na svečanosti otvaranja nosio je somalijsku zastavu. Osvajanjem srebrnog odličja na Afričkom prvenstvu 1985. ostvaruje prvi veliki uspjeh na nekom međunarodnom natjecanju. Kao veliko iznenađenje Svjetskog prvenstva 1987. u Rimu, osvaja zlatno odličje u utrci na 1500 metara. Time postaje prvi Somalac koji je ostvario taj uspjeh. Na Sveučilištu Georgea Masona u Virginiji diplomirao je oglašavački menadžment.

Odlične rezultate niže i krajem 1980-ih i početkom 1990-ih. Tako na Svjetskom kupu 1989. u Barceloni osvaja zlatno odličje, ponovno u utrci na 1500 metara. Uspješan je i na Svjetskom prvenstvu 1993. u njemačkom Stuttgartu, gdje osvaja broncu. Iste godine osvaja i srebrno odličje na Svjetskom atletskom finalu u Londonu, a na istom natjecanju 1994. u Parizu osvaja brončano odličje, također na 1500 metara. To mu je ujedno bilo i posljednje odličje s velikih natjecanja.

Zbog teške ozljede propustio je Svjetsko prvenstvo 1991., kao i Olimpijske igre 1988. i 1992. Najveći uspjeh na olimpijskim igrama ostvaruje 1996. u američkoj Atlanti, gdje se plasirao u samu završnicu utrke na 1500 metara, u kojoj je završio na 6. mjestu. I na tim igrama bio je stjegonoša Somalije. Nakon Igara prekida profesionalnu karijeru i posvećuje se humanitarnom radu sudjelujući na brojnim utrkama.

Oženjen je i otac troje djece: kćeri Majde (r. 1988.) i sinova Ahmeda (r. 1993.) i Mohammeda (r. 2001.) Ahmed je također srednjeprugaš te drži rekord Virginie u krosu te na 1000 i 1600 metara. Bio je i dvostruki američki juniorski prvak na 800 metara. Od 2011. ponovno živi u Somaliji, gdje postaje atletski trener.

Izvori

Somalijski športaši
Srednjoprugaši
Svjetski prvaci u atletici
Humanitarci
Atletski treneri

Abdi Bile


Primar pentru zece minute este un film românesc din 2016 regizat de Vlad Petri.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2016 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2016

Primar pentru zece minute


Straževnik je bivše selo na Braču.

Do ostataka Straževnika danas se može stići raznim, doduše uskim i kamenim, putevima iz Pražnica, ali i s Gornjeg Humca. Razvaline se nalaze istočno od današnjih Pražnica. Straževnik se je smjestio oko crkve sv. Jurja, predromaničke crkve čiji je zvonik najstariji poznati zvonik na preslicu u Dalmaciji. U Straževniku je bila crkva sv. Kuzme i Damjana, iz koje proizvod radionice Nikole Firentinca koji je danas u crkvi sv. Nikole u Gornjem Humcu.

Nastalo je u srednjem vijeku. Vrela su ga zabilježila početkom 12. stoljeća. 1184. godine spominje ga Povaljska listina kao selo na Pražnicah. Na Klinjim glavama je bilo groblje Straževničana. Ondje je podignuta crkvica sv. Klementa, s upisanom godinom 1534. godine. Straževnik i Pražnice imale su istu sudbinu sve do 16. stoljeća. Još u 15. stoljeću navode se Pražnica i Straževnik u ispravama, a u svezi s naseljavanjem Pučišća koja su do tada bila njihovo područje s granicom u današnjim Solinama u pučiškoj luci. Selo je u 16. stoljeću zamrlo, a Straževničani su se raselili po Pražnicama i Pučišćima. Koncem 16. stoljeća crkvene vizitacije više ne spominju Straževnik, a župnik im se je preselio u Pražnice.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Brač
Bivša naselja u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji

Straževnik


Þúfusteinbrjótur (fræðiheiti: Saxifraga cespitosa) er blómplanta sem finnst á norðurslóðum N-Ameríku og Evrasíu.
Á Íslandi finnst hann um land allt.

Þúfusteinbrjótur vex á melum, áreyrum, skriðum og klettum. Er lágvaxin planta (4–15 sm) með loðnum blöðum í þéttum hvirfingum og hvítum blómum sem deilast í 5 blöð. Hann blómgast í maí - júní.

Þúfusteinbrjótur getur verið millihýsill fyrir víðiryðsvepp (Melampsora epitea).

Tilvísanir

Plöntur á Íslandi
Steinbrjótar

Þúfusteinbrjótur


Mitsuru Mansho (født 16. april 1989) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Mito HollyHock og Fujieda MYFC.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Mitsuru Mansho


Christian Rosenkreuz (also spelled Rosenkreutz, Rosencreutz, Christiani Rosencreütz and Christian Rose Cross) is the legendary, possibly allegorical, founder of the Rosicrucian Order (Order of the Rose Cross). He is presented in three manifestos that were published early in the 17th century. These were:
Fama Fraternitatis (published 1614 in Kassel, Germany) This manifesto introduced the founder, "Frater C.R.C."
Confessio Fraternitatis (published 1615 in Kassel, Germany)
The Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz (published 1616 in Strasbourg, Germany).

Legend

According to the legend, Christian Rosenkreuz was a medieval German aristocrat, orphaned at the age of four and raised in a monastery, where he studied for twelve years. He discovered and learned esoteric wisdom on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, among Turkish, Arab, and Persian sages, possibly Sufi or Zoroastrian masters, supposedly in the early 15th century (see § Symbolism of the numbers in the Manifestos); returned and founded the "Fraternity of the Rose Cross" with himself (Frater C.R.C.) as Head of the Order. Under his direction a Temple, called Sanctus Spiritus, or "The House of the Holy Spirit", was built.

It is described that his body, as discovered by a Brother of the Order, was in a perfect state of preservation 120 years after his death (which occurred in absolute secrecy) – as Rosenkreuz had predicted — in a heptagonal chamber erected by himself as a storehouse of knowledge. It is described that on the sarcophagus in the centre of the Crypt of Christian Rosenkreutz were written, among other inscriptions the words, "Jesus mihi omnia, nequaquam vacuum, libertas evangelii, dei intacta gloria, legis jugum" ("Jesus is everything to me, by no means empty, the freedom of the gospel, the untouched glory of God, the yoke of the law"), testifying to the builder's Christian character.

Rosenkreuz's crypt, according to the description presented in the legend, is located in the interior of the Earth, recalling the alchemical motto V.I.T.R.I.O.L.:  Visita Interiora Terrae Rectificando Invenies Occultum Lapidem ("Visit the interior of the Earth; by rectification thou shalt find the hidden stone").

Biographies

According to some researchers, Christian Rosenkreuz was the last descendant of the Germelshausen, a German family which flourished in the 13th century. Their castle stood in the Thuringian Forest on the Border of Hesse and they had embraced Albigensian (i.e., Cathar) doctrines, combining Gnostic and Christian beliefs. The whole family was put to death by Konrad von Marburg except for the youngest son, who was only five years old. He was carried away secretly by a monk who was an Albigensian adept from Languedoc. The child was placed in a monastery which had already come under the influence of the Albigenses, where he was educated and made the acquaintance of the four other brothers who were later to be associated with him in the founding of the Rosicrucian Brotherhood. His account derives from oral tradition.

Some occultists including Rudolf Steiner, Max Heindel and (much later) Guy Ballard, have stated that Rosenkreuz later reappeared as the Count of St. Germain, a courtier, adventurer and alchemist who reportedly died on 27 February 1784. Steiner once identified Rembrandt's painting "A Man in Armour" as a portrait of Christian Rosenkreuz , apparently in a 17th-century manifestation. Others believe Rosenkreuz to be a pseudonym for a more famous historical figure, usually Francis Bacon. Steiner gave lectures on Rosenkreutz and Rosicrucianism.

Symbolism of the numbers in the Manifestos

The legend presented in the Manifestos has been interpreted symbolically (as were all hermetic and alchemical texts of those times). They do not directly state Christian Rosenkreuz's years of birth and death, but in two sentences in the second Manifesto the year 1378 is presented as being the birth year of "our Christian Father", and it is stated that he lived for 106 years, which would mean he died in 1484. The foundation of the Order can be supposed in similar terms to have occurred in the year 1407.  However, these numbers (and deduced years) are not taken literally by many students of occultism, who consider them to be allegorical and symbolic statements for the understanding of the initiated. The justification for this relies on the Manifestos themselves: on the one hand, the Rosicrucians clearly adopted through the Manifestos the Pythagorean tradition of envisioning objects and ideas in terms of their numeric aspects, and, on the other hand, they directly state, "We speak unto you by parables, but would willingly bring you to the right, simple, easy and ingenuous exposition, understanding, declaration, and knowledge of all secrets."

The metaphorical nature of these legends lends a nebulous quality to the origins of Rosicrucianism. The opening of Rosenkreuz's tomb is thought to be a way of referring to the cycles in nature and to cosmic events; and as well, to the opening of new possibilities for mankind consequent on the advances of the 16th and early 17th centuries. Similarly, Rosenkreuz's pilgrimage seems to refer to the transmutation steps of the Great Work.

Similar legends may be found in Wolfram von Eschenbach's description of the Holy Grail as the "Lapis Exillis", guarded by the Knights Templar, or in the Philosophers' stone of the alchemists, the "Lapis Elixir".

See also
Rosicrucian Manifestos
Rose Cross
Rosicrucianism
Hermeticism
Esoteric Christianity

References

External links
A narrative about Christian Rosenkreutz and Rosicrucianism

Manifestos

Text of the Fama Fraternitatis, 1614, at the Alchemy web site
 Text of the Confessio Fraternitatis, 1615, idem
Text of The Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz, 1616, idem

Studies
Bamford, Christopher. The Rosicrucian Enlightenment Revisited: The Meaning of the Rose Cross. Lindisfarne Books, 1999
Prinke, Rafal T. Michael Sendivogius and Christian Rosenkreutz, The Unexpected Possibilities. The Hermetic Journal, 1990, 72–98 online
Weber, Charles. Rosicrucianism and Christianity. Rays from the Rose Cross, 1995

Christian Kabbalists
German alchemists
German Christian mystics
People whose existence is disputed

Rosicrucians

Christian Rosenkreuz


Jean-Marie Adiaffi (Bettié, 1941 - ) é um escritor e crítico literário marfinense. Sua obra atravessa problemas da identidade cultural vinculados à experiência colonial africana.

Obra
 The Identity Card (1980)
 Lire Henri Konan Bédié: le rêve de la graine (1996)

Referências

Bilbiografia

Escritores da Costa do Marfim

Jean-Marie Adiaffi


Azotul lichid (poate fi întâlnit și sub denumirea de nitrogen lichid) este azotul aflat în stare lichidă, la o temperatură foarte scăzută. Este un lichid incolor cu o densitate de 807 g/l și cu un punct de fierbere de -195,79°C și o constantă dielectrică de 1,43.

Azotul a fost lichefiat pentru prima dată la Universitatea Jagiellonă pe 15 aprilie 1883 de către fizicienii polonezi Zygmunt Wróblewski și Karol Olszewski. Este produs la nivel industrial prin distilarea fracționată a aerului lichid.

Este un lichid diatomic, ceea ce presupune că caracterul diatomic al legăturii covalente din N2 se menține chiar și după lichefiere.

Obținere

Azotul lichid este produs industrial prin distilarea criogenică a aerului lichefiat sau prin lichefierea azotului pur derivat din aer utilizând adsorbția sub presiune. Un compresor de aer este utilizat pentru a comprima aerul filtrat la presiune ridicată; gazul de înaltă presiune este răcit înapoi la temperatura ambiantă și este lăsat să se destindă la o presiune scăzută.

În anii 1930 au început să fie construite fabrici de aer lichid care produc în fiecare zi cantități de tone de produs, dar au devenit foarte frecvente după cel încă din al doilea Război Mondial; o mare fabrică modernă poate produce 3000 de tone pe zi de produse lichide din aer.

Utilizări
Azotul lichid este o sursă compactă și ușor transportată de gaz de azot dur, deoarece nu necesită presurizare. În plus, capacitatea sa de a menține temperaturile mult sub punctul de congelare a apei îl face extrem de util într-o gamă largă de aplicații, în primul rând ca agent frigorific cu ciclu deschis, incluzând:

 în crioterapie pentru eliminarea leziunilor inestetice sau potențial maligne ale pielii, cum ar fi negii și keratoză actinică;

 pentru depozitarea celulelor la temperaturi scăzute pentru lucrările de laborator;

 într-un criophor pentru a demonstra solidificarea rapidă prin evaporare;

 ca sursă de azot de rezervă în sistemele hipoxice de prevenire a incendiilor la aer;

 ca sursă de azot gazos foarte întărit

 pentru imersarea, înghețarea și transportul produselor alimentare;

 pentru crioconservarea sângelui, a celulelor reproducătoare (spermă și ovul) și a altor probe și materiale biologice;

 pentru a păstra probele de țesut din excizii chirurgicale pentru studii viitoare

pentru a facilita crioconservarea resurselor genetice animale;

 pentru a îngheța conductele de apă și de ulei pentru a lucra la acestea în situațiile în care nu este disponibilă o supapă pentru a bloca curgerea fluidului în zona de lucru; această metodă este cunoscută ca o izolare criogenică.

Azotul lichid este folosit în criogenie.

Vezi și
 Aer lichid
 Oxigen lichid

Referințe

Azot
Lichide
Tehnica frigului

Azot lichid


El mirlo acuático norteamericano (Cinclus mexicanus) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Cinclidae propia de Norteamérica y América Central. Es nativo de América del Norte y América Central, incluyendo Alaska, Canadá, Estados Unidos, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Costa Rica y Panamá. Su hábitat natural son los ríos, riachuelos, cataratas, lagos y lagunas de montaña.

Subespecies
Se distinguen las siguientes subespecies:
 Cinclus mexicanus mexicanus Swainson, 1827
 Cinclus mexicanus unicolor

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Cinclidae
Aves de América Central
Aves de América del Norte
Animales descritos en 1827
Taxones descritos por William John Swainson

Cinclus mexicanus


Z Vulpeculae (Z Vul) es una estrella variable en la constelación de Vulpecula, situada visualmente 44 segundos de arco al suroeste de 3 Vulpeculae.
Su brillo varía entre magnitud aparente +7,25 y +8,90 y se encuentra a una distancia aproximada de 625 años luz del sistema solar.

Z Vulpeculae es una binaria espectroscópica con un período de 2,45493 días.
La estrella primaria es una estrella blanco-azulada de la secuencia principal de tipo espectral B4V, semejante a Benetnasch (η Ursae Majoris).
Tiene una temperatura efectiva de 17.050 K y es 2800 veces más luminosa que el Sol.
Su radio es 4,5 más grande que el radio solar.
La estrella secundaria es una gigante blanca de tipo A3III.
Su luminosidad es unas 160 veces superior a la luminosidad solar —aunque es apenas un 6% de la de su compañera— y es ligeramente más grande que ésta.
Posee una masa de 2,3 masas solares, mientras que la estrella primaria tiene una masa 5,4 veces mayor que la del Sol.

Z Vulpeculae es una binaria cercana catalogada como «binaria semidesprendida».
Al igual que Algol (β Persei) o λ Tauri, es una binaria eclipsante; durante el eclipse principal, el brillo de Z Vulpeculae decae 1,65 magnitudes, mientras que en el secundario la disminución es de sólo 0,33 magnitudes.

Véase también
Lista de estrellas variables

Referencias

Estrellas binarias
Estrellas variables
Constelación de Vulpecula

Z Vulpeculae


Jimmy Robertson () este un jucător englez de snooker.

A atins locul 21 mondial în martie 2019, aceasta fiind cea mai bună clasare din cariera sa. JR a câștigat doar un singur turneu în carieră (Mastersul European din 2018).

Note

Nașteri în 1986
Nașteri pe 3 mai
Jucători de snooker
Oameni în viață
Sportivi englezi

Jimmy Robertson