Coronel Marie Augstin Gaston Cros (conhecido como Gaston Cros ) (6 de outubro de 1861 - 10 de maio de 1915) foi um oficial do exército francês e arqueólogo. Ele nasceu na Alsácia e foi deslocado quando esse território foi incorporado ao Império Alemão . Ele ingressou no exército francês como tenente e entrou em ação em Tonkin antes de passar vários anos fazendo pesquisas na Tunísia, recebendo as honras de membro das ordens vietnamitas e tunisianas e nomeado cavaleiro da Legião de Honra . Em 1901, Cros foi nomeado chefe da expedição arqueológica francesa a Girsu, no Iraque, para continuar o trabalho de Ernest de Sarzec . Seu trabalho nos cinco anos seguintes incluiu o traçado dos  espessa muralha da cidade e por seu trabalho recebeu uma carta de recomendação de Gaston Doumergue, Ministro de Belas Artes, e o prêmio das Palmas de Ouro da Ordre des Palmes Académiques . Promovido a tenente-coronel, Cros serviu no protetorado francês do Marrocos a partir de 1913, participando da Guerra Zaian.

Após a eclosão da Primeira Guerra Mundial, Cros foi chamado de volta à França metropolitana e lutou em defesa de Paris na Primeira Batalha do Marne, liderando uma unidade ad hoc de zouaves e tirailleurs . Ele foi ferido e passou dois dias dirigindo suas tropas de uma carruagem puxada por cavalos antes de ser forçado a deixar seu comando. Em 15 de setembro de 1914 foi promovido a coronel e posteriormente recebeu o comando da 2ª Brigada Marroquina que liderou na Batalha de Yser e na Segunda Batalha de Artois . Foi em Artois que ele foi morto em um contra-ataque alemão. O nome de Cros está registrado ao lado do do Coronel Pein, que comandou a 1ª Brigada Marroquina em Artois, no Memorial da Divisão Marroquina em Vimy.

Biografia
Marie Augstin Gaston Cros nasceu às 2h00 de 6 de outubro de 1861, filha de Hippolyte Cros, um advogado, e Marie Petronille Reine Scherb em Saverne, Bas-Rhin, na região da Alsácia. Depois que a Alsácia foi incorporada ao Império Alemão após a Guerra Franco-Prussiana de 1871, a família de Cros optou por manter sua nacionalidade francesa e mudou-se para Lunéville em Meurthe-et-Moselle. Cros se ofereceu para uma comissão de cinco anos com o exército francês em 25 de outubro de 1881 em Nancy. Quatro dias depois, ele foi matriculado na Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr como cadete, onde se formou em 1º de outubro de 1883, classificado em 261º lugar entre 342 de sua classe. Cros foi comissionado no 128º Regimento de Infantaria como subtenente e frequentou a L'Ecole du Tir (escola de pontaria) em 1885, onde ficou em 25º lugar entre 76 participantes.

Cros foi transferido para o 4º Tonkinese Rifles em 3 de junho de 1887 e prestou serviço ativo em Tonkin (norte do Vietnã) de 19 de junho de 1887 a 14 de setembro de 1888, juntando-se ao 105º Regimento de Infantaria como tenente em 5 de outubro de 1887. Ele foi premiado com a medalha comemorativa da Expedição Tonkin por seu trabalho no país.

Em 25 de janeiro de 1889, Cros foi transferido para o 4º Regimento de Zouave e esteve em serviço ativo na Tunísia de 11 de março de 1889 a 27 de abril de 1898. Ele foi anexado ao Serviço Geográfico do Exército de 1891 a 1893 e fez vários levantamentos topográficos do deserto do Saara. Cros foi nomeado cavaleiro da Ordem do Dragão de Annam e membro da Ordem da Glória da Tunísia em 10 de outubro de 1889 em reconhecimento por seu serviço em Tonkin e na Tunísia. Ele foi promovido a capitão em 10 de julho de 1894 e tornou-se cavaleiro da Legião de Honra em 29 de dezembro de 1896. Cros foi transferido para o 39º Regimento de Infantaria em 5 de abril de 1898 e serviu com eles na Argélia de 11 de novembro de 1899 a 1º de junho de 1900.

Trabalho arqueológico em Tello

A partir de dezembro de 1901, Cros foi colocado no comando da Expedição Tello liderada pelos franceses ao sítio arqueológico de Girsu, no Iraque . Ele substituiu o falecido Ernest de Sarzec, o cônsul francês de Basra, falecido em 1901 e que escavava Tello desde 1877, tendo iniciado a redescoberta da civilização suméria. A nomeação de um militar para esta posição pode ter sido influenciada pela revolta dos árabes Muntafiq contra o Império Otomano, que criou um ambiente hostil para os arqueólogos. O conhecimento de arqueologia de Cros, como o de Sarzac, veio de um interesse puramente amador no assunto, embora ele tivesse uma compreensão completa da topografia do deserto desde seus dias de agrimensura. Um dos primeiros atos de Cros foi mover o local do acampamento francês para mais perto da área de escavação, tendo sido anteriormente situado a uma hora de viagem. Isso o tornou menos defensável e mais distante do abastecimento de água, mas ele resolveu esses problemas negociando proteção com os árabes Karagul locais e coordenando a construção de um novo reservatório abastecido com água por comboios de caravanas.

Cros realizou numerosas escavações em Tello, produzindo um número significativo de artefatos, alguns datando dos primeiros períodos da civilização suméria. Uma de suas realizações, considerada a mais importante em Tello, foi o traçado da grande muralha da cidade que tinha  espessura. Em 1903, ele descobriu uma porta nas proximidades das famosas tabuinhas cuniformes de De Sarzac que forneciam evidências de que as tabuinhas eram armazenadas como parte de um arquivo administrativo do estado.

Durante seu tempo em Tello, ele permaneceu nominalmente com o 39º Regimento de Infantaria, transferindo-se para o 80º Regimento de Infantaria em 17 de fevereiro de 1903. Seu trabalho arqueológico foi reconhecido pela promoção a chef de bataillon (aproximadamente equivalente a major), no 116º Regimento de Infantaria, em 24 de junho de 1905 e por nomeação como oficial da Legião de Honra em 12 de março de 1906.

Cros foi transferido para o 33º Regimento de Infantaria em 25 de maio de 1906 e para o 5º Regimento de Infantaria em 22 de dezembro daquele ano. Ele deixou Tello após seu posto no 5º Regimento, mas voltou em 1909 para concluir sua pesquisa, pela qual foi elogiado por Gaston Doumergue, o Ministro de Belas Artes. Sua pesquisa, publicada no livro Nouvelles Fouilles de Tello (Novas Escavações em Tello) em 1911, foi saudada pela British Royal Asiatic Society como uma das mais importantes sobre o assunto da antiga Suméria. Quando Cros deixou Tello em 1909, o governo francês não conseguiu encontrar um sucessor adequado. Cros recebeu as Palmas de Ouro da Ordre des Palmes Académiques por seu trabalho acadêmico. Um substituto acabou sendo encontrado em 1914, mas a eclosão da guerra o impediu de assumir o cargo e o próximo chefe da missão francesa não foi nomeado até 1928.

Cros foi posteriormente promovido a tenente-coronel do 1º Tirailleurs argelino . Em abril de 1913, ele foi transferido para o 5º Tirailleurs argelino e empreendeu expedições no oeste do Marrocos de maio a agosto de 1913, pelas quais foi elogiado. Ele posteriormente participou da Guerra Zaian sob o comando do general Hubert Lyautey, liderando uma coluna de Rabat para capturar Khénifra. Outras colunas foram lideradas pelo tenente-coronel Henri Claudel de Meknes e pelo coronel Noël Garnier-Duplessix de Kasbah Tadla.

Primeira Guerra Mundial
Após a eclosão da Primeira Guerra Mundial, Cros voltou da África para a França, com o 8º Regimento de Marcha (uma unidade ad hoc composta por tirailleurs e zouaves ). Sua unidade foi enviada para defender Paris na Primeira Batalha do Marne, onde recebeu a ordem de tomar a cidade de Saint-Prix, que mudou de mãos cinco vezes nos primeiros quatro dias de batalha. O movimento tinha como objetivo abrir caminho para a 42ª Divisão de Infantaria avançar à esquerda de Cros. Ele foi ferido na perna em uma ação em Mondement-Montgivroux em 9 de setembro que lhe rendeu uma menção em despachos e, posteriormente, sua descrição como "o mais corajoso dos bravos". Depois de dois dias seguindo sua unidade em uma carruagem puxada por cavalos, ele foi forçado a deixar seu comando.

Em 15 de setembro, Cros foi promovido temporariamente a coronel e em 20 de outubro recebeu o comando da 2ª Brigada Marroquina na Batalha de Yser. Sua promoção foi confirmada como permanente em 1º de novembro de 1914 e ele se tornou comandante da Legião de Honra em 10 de abril de 1915. Ele também recebeu mais uma menção em despachos como "um bravo soldado, um grande líder experiente, sábio, prudente, com autoridade natural" e foi premiado com o Croix de Guerre com palma. Na primavera, ele escreveu a um colega arqueólogo, Léon Heuzey, dizendo-lhe que "Continuo com meu trabalho como arqueólogo. Tal como em Tello, registro trabalhos de terraplenagem, mas em vez de artefactos de Gudea encontro cartuchos alemães, não é sem emoção".

Mais tarde naquele ano, Cros liderou sua brigada, como parte da 1ª Divisão de Infantaria Marroquina, na Segunda Batalha de Artois - uma tentativa aliada de capturar Vimy Ridge com um assalto a  largo trecho da frente. Cros teve o cuidado especial de inspirar um forte esprit de corps em seus homens e na véspera do ataque disse a eles: "Eu sou seu pai e vocês sabem que os amo como meus filhos, se quiserem mostrar que me amam em troca, lute e mate muitos Boche". Às 10h de 9 de maio de 1915, a brigada de Cros avançou em conjunto com a 1ª Brigada da divisão, uma unidade da Legião Estrangeira Francesa liderada pelo Coronel Pein. O bombardeio preliminar de cinco horas foi amplamente ineficaz e a divisão sofreu pesadas baixas ao alcançar as linhas alemãs,  distante. No entanto, eles conseguiram expulsar os alemães e algumas unidades chegaram até as aldeias de Vimy e Givenchy-en-Gohelle. Na manhã seguinte, atingidos por sua própria artilharia e sob contra-ataque alemão, os franceses foram forçados a se retirar para suas próprias linhas durante o qual Cros foi morto. Cros foi um dos quase 2.000 homens da divisão marroquina mortos naquela ação, assim como o comandante da brigada, coronel Pein.

O colega de Cros, Huezey, o descreveu mais tarde como "um treinador de homens e um naturalista perspicaz cuja integridade era igualada por sua inteligência e bravura. Suas medalhas e uniforme estão na coleção do Musée zoologique de la ville de Strasbourg e ele é lembrado na inscrição no Memorial da Divisão Marroquina em Vimy.

Referências

Ligações externas

 Legion of Honour

Comendadores da Ordem Nacional da Legião de Honra
Arqueólogos da França
Mortos em 1915
Nascidos em 1861

Gaston Cros


Karel Giter (Viškovo (Hana, Češka), 1890. - Petrovaradin, 1914.), austro-ugarski časnik češkog podrijetla, nagrađivani športaš sokolskog pokreta

Životopis
Rodio se 1890. godine u gradu Viškovu u oblasti Hani, u Moravskoj, danas dio Češke Republike. U mladosti je bio članom sokolskog pokreta. Na Petom sveslavenskom sokolskom sletu 27. lipnja 1907. u Pragu, nagrađen drugom nagradom.

Radio kao austrijski financijski činovnik u Foči. Godine 1914. kao austro-ugarski časnik s činom potporučnika došao je u Petrovaradin. Kao Slaven zgrozio se na azijatsko postupanje protiv Srba. Zlonamjerni počinitelj denuncirao ga je što je bilo dovoljno da ga osude na smrt i poslije dva sata strijeljaju. Pokopan je u Petrovaradinu. Nadgrobni križ posvećen mu je 1934. godine.

Izvori
 Toša Iskruljev: Raspeće srpskog naroda u Sremu 1914. i Madžari, Novi Sad 1936.

Česi
Životopisi, Češka
Životopisi, Srbija
Foča
Petrovaradin

Karel Giter


Hanna Folkesson (født 15. juni 1988) er en svensk fodboldspiller, der spiller som midtbanespiller for FC Rosengård og Sveriges kvindefodboldlandshold. Hun fik debut for A-landsholdet den 6. marts 2013 i en uafgjort 1–1 landskamp mod Kina ved Algarve Cup.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Sverige
Kvindelige fodboldlandsholdsspillere fra Sverige

Hanna Folkesson


Aderus elgonensis é uma espécie de inseto besouro da família Aderidae. Foi descrita cientificamente por Maurice Pic em 1939.

Distribuição geográfica
Habita na Etiópia.

Referências

elgonensis
Coleópteros da Etiópia
Insetos descritos em 1939
Espécies descritas por Maurice Pic

Aderus elgonensis


අල්ටිමේට් ෆයිටින් චැම්පියන්ශිප් (Ultimate Fighting Championship - UFC) යනු මිශ්‍ර සටන් ශිල්ප (mixed martial arts - MMA) පාදක වූ ඇමරිකානු සංවිධානයකි. මෙය ලොව විශාලත  මිශ්‍ර සටන් ශිල්ප ප්‍රවර්ධනය වේ. හි ප්‍රධාන කාර්යාලය නෙවාඩා ප්‍රාන්තයේ ලාස් වේගාස් හි පිහිටා ඇත.  මෙය සූෆා සමාගමට (Zuffa, LLC.) අයත් අතර එම සමාගම විසින් මෙහයවනු ලබයි.

බාහිර සබැදි
 UFC නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය
 UFC නිල නීති පද්ධතිය
 අතීතයේ සිට වර්තමානය දක්වා පැවති ඉසව් වල ප්‍රතිඵල හා සටන් ශිල්පීන්ගේ වාර්තා පිලිබද දත්ත ගබඩාව

අල්ටිමේට් ෆයිටින් චැම්පියන්ශිප්


A source or sender is one of the basic concepts of communication and information processing. Sources  are objects which encode message data and transmit the information, via a channel, to one or more observers (or receivers).

In the strictest sense of the word, particularly in information theory, a source is a process that generates message data that one would like to communicate, or reproduce as exactly as possible elsewhere in space or time.  A source may be modelled as memoryless, ergodic, stationary, or stochastic, in order of increasing generality.

Communication Source combines Communication and Mass Media Complete and Communication Abstracts to provide full-text access to more than 700 journals, and indexing and abstracting for more than 1,000 core journals.  Coverage dating goes back to 1900.

Content is derived from academic journals, conference papers, conference proceedings, trade publications, magazines and periodicals.

A transmitter can be either a device, for example, an antenna, or a human transmitter, for example, a speaker. The word "transmitter" derives from an emitter, that is to say, that emits using the Hertzian waves.

In sending mail it also refers to the person or organization that sends a letter and whose address is written on the envelope of the letter.

In finance, an issuer can be, for example, the bank system of elements.

In education, an issuer is any person or thing that gives knowledge to the student, for example, the professor.

For communication to be effective, the sender and receiver must share the same code. In ordinary communication, the sender and receiver roles are usually interchangeable.

Depending on the language's functions, the issuer fulfills the expressive or emotional function, in which feelings, emotions, and opinions are manifested, such as The way is dangerous.

In economy
In the economy, the issuer is a legal entity, foundation, company, individual firm, national or foreign governments, investment companies or others that develop, register and then trade commercial securities to finance their operations. The issuers are legally responsible for the issues in question and for reporting the financial conditions, materials developed and whatever their operational activities required by the regulations within their jurisdictions.

See also
 Common technical regulation
 CALM M5

References

Source
Information theory

Communication source


Émile Friol (Lyon, 6 de março de 1881 - Amiens, 6 de novembro de 1916) foi um ciclista francês que foi profissional entre 1904 e 1914. Dedicou-se principalmente ao ciclismo em pista na modalidade de velocidade, em que ganhou dois Campeonatos do Mundo.

Morreu num acidente de motocicleta durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial.

Palmarés
 1904
  Campeão da França de velocidade
 1906
  Campeão da França de velocidade
 1907
 Campeão do mundo de velocidade
 Campeão da Europa de Velocidade
  Campeão da França de velocidade
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Paris
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Reims
 1908
 1r ao Grande Prêmio do UVF
 1909
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Paris
 1910
 Campeão do mundo de velocidade
 Campeão da Europa de Velocidade
  Campeão da França de velocidade
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Paris
 1.º no Grande Prêmio do UVF
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Reims
 1911
 1r ao Grande Prêmio do UVF
 1913
  Campeão da França de velocidade

Referências

 Resultados a sitiodeciclismo.net
 Resultados a cyclebase.nl
 Resultados a museociclismo.it

Ciclistas da França
Ciclistas de pista da França
Campeões mundiais de ciclismo em pista
Naturais de Lyon

Émile Friol


Rob van Soest, né en 1946, est un biologiste marin néerlandais. Il est chercheur au Naturalis Biodiversity Center et chargé de cours à l'Université d'Amsterdam. Il est l'auteur, en collaboration avec le biologiste marin australien John N. A. Hooper, de l'ouvrage , un livre qui est considéré comme l'ouvrage standard pour la classification des Porifères (éponges).

Rob van Soest travaille à la description et à la compréhension de l'organisation et de la biogéographie des éponges. Il est également rédacteur en chef de la World Porifera Database (WPD).

Liens externes

  Profil de Rob van Soest sur Naturalis
  World Porifera Database

Notes et références

Naissance en mai 1946
Biologiste marin
Zoologiste
Biologiste néerlandais du XXe siècle
Biologiste néerlandais du XXIe siècle

Rob van Soest


DASL may mean:

 Datapoint's Advanced Systems Language
 Distributed Application Specification Language, developed by Sun Microsystems
 DAV Searching and Locating, a WebDAV project
 Director of American Sign Language

DASL


Rössenbergheide-Külsenmoor ist ein Naturschutzgebiet in der niedersächsischen Gemeinde Dedelstorf in der Samtgemeinde Hankensbüttel im Landkreis Gifhorn.

Das Naturschutzgebiet mit dem Kennzeichen NSG BR 067 ist 214 Hektar groß. Es ist vollständig Bestandteil des FFH-Gebietes "Rössenbergheide – Külsenmoor, Heiliger Hain". Im Süden grenzt es an das Naturschutzgebiet "Niederungsbereich Oerrelbach".

Das Naturschutzgebiet liegt nördlich von Wahrenholz am Ostrand eines eiszeitlichen Grundmoränenzuges. Zusammen mit den Naturschutzgebieten "Niederungsbereich Oerrelbach" und "Heiliger Hain" bildet es einen bedeutenden Heide- und Übergangsmoorkomplex.

Das Naturschutzgebiet umfasst zur Niederung des Oerrelbachs abfallende Geesthänge und einen Teilbereich der Oerrelbachniederung. Den Geesthängen sind Quellmoore vorgelagert. Der Niederungsbereich sind moorige Bereiche mit Moorwäldern, Moorheiden und Torfstichen vorherrschend, außerdem sind Grünlandbereiche und sumpfige Flächen auf Niedermoorstandorten zu finden. Die Moorbereiche entwässern zum Oerrelbach, der von Erlengebüschen gesäumt wird.

Die trockenen Gebiete auf den Geesthügeln sind mit Sandheiden und Kiefernwäldern bewachsen. Die Heideflächen werden durch Pflegemaßnahmen erhalten.

Im Westen durchquert die Kreisstraße 7 zwischen Wesendorf und Hankensbüttel das Naturschutzgebiet.

Das Gebiet steht seit dem 3. Juli 1985 unter Naturschutz. Zuständige untere Naturschutzbehörde ist der Landkreis Gifhorn.

Weblinks

Naturschutzgebiet im Landkreis Gifhorn
Schutzgebiet (Umwelt- und Naturschutz) in Europa
Moor in Niedersachsen
FRossenbergheide-Kulsenmoor
Dedelstorf

Rössenbergheide – Külsenmoor


A National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) ou Associação Nacional de Proteção Contra Incêndios, é uma organização internacional sem fins lucrativos dedicada a diminuir mortes, ferimentos, perdas materiais e econômicas devido a incêndios, riscos elétricos e relacionados.

A partir de 2018, a NFPA afirma ter 50.000 membros e 9.000 voluntários trabalhando com a organização por meio de seus 250 comitês técnicos.

História
Em 1895, um Comitê de Proteção Automática de Sprinklers foi formado em Massachusetts por homens afiliados a várias companhias de seguros contra incêndio e um fabricante de tubos para desenvolver um padrão uniforme para o projeto e instalação de sistemas de sprinklers contra incêndio. Na época, havia nove desses padrões em vigor dentro de 100 milhas (160 km) de Boston, Massachusetts, e essa diversidade estava causando grandes dificuldades para os encanadores que trabalhavam na região da Nova Inglaterra.

No ano seguinte, o comitê publicou seu relatório inicial sobre um padrão uniforme e formou a NFPA no final de 1896. O relatório inicial do comitê evoluiu para NFPA 13, Padrão para a Instalação de Sistemas de Sprinklers, que agora é o mais amplamente utilizado padrão de extintor de incêndio.

Por volta de 1904, a NFPA começou a expandir seus membros de afiliadas de companhias de seguros contra incêndio para muitas outras organizações e indivíduos, e também expandiu sua missão além da promulgação de padrões de sprinklers contra incêndio.

Códigos e normas
A associação publica mais de 300 códigos e padrões de consenso que visam minimizar a possibilidade e os efeitos do fogo e outros riscos. Os códigos e normas são administrados por mais de 250 comitês técnicos, compostos por aproximadamente 8.000 voluntários.

Associações internacionais
Proteção contra incêndios

Associação Nacional de Proteção contra Incêndios


Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer
 Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan
 Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and radio editor
 Friedrich Köppen (1775–1858), German philosopher
 Jan Köppen (born 1983), German television presenter and DJ
 Jens Köppen (born 1966), German rower
 Karl Friedrich Köppen (1808–1863), German teacher and political journalist
 Kerstin Köppen (born 1967), German rower
 Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940), German geographer, meteorologist, climatologist and botanist who developed the Köppen climate classification
 Köppen climate classification, developed by Wladimir Köppen

See also
 Lene Køppen (born 1953), Danish badminton player
 Koeppen
 Koppen

German-language surnames

Köppen


Habibi or Habeebi may refer to:

Literature
 Habibi (novel), a 1997 young-adult novel by Naomi Shihab Nye
 Habibi (graphic novel), a 2011 graphic novel by Craig Thompson

Music
 Habibi (band), an American band
 The Habibis, an Australian band
 Habibi, an album by Nura, 2019

Songs
 "Habibi" (Ricky Rich and ARAM Mafia song), 2017
 "Habibi (I Need Your Love)", by Shaggy, Mohombi, Faydee, and Costi, 2014
 "Habibi (Sawah)", by Ishtar, 2009
 "Habibi", by Azis, 2015
 "Habibi", by Booba from Nero Nemesis, 2015
 "Habibi", by De Staat, 2009
 "Habibi", by Dolly Style during Melodifestivalen 2019
 "Habibi", by Maître Gims from Mon cœur avait raison, 2015
 "Habibi", by Now United, 2020
 "Habibi", by Rola Saad
 "Habibi", by System 7 from System 7, 1991
 "Habibi", by Tamino, 2017
 "Habibi (Je t'aime)", by Milk & Honey, 2006
 "Habibi (My Darling)", by Orange Blossom, 2005

People
 Habibi (poet) (1470–1519/1520), Azerbaijani poet
 Habibi (surname)

Other uses
 Habibi (horse) (foaled 2009), a New Zealand Thoroughbred racehorse
 El Habibi Mosque, a mosque in Tunis, Tunisia
 Habibi Restaurant, a Lebanese, Middle Eastern, and Syrian restaurant in Portland, Oregon, US

See also

 Habib / Habeeb, male name
 Habibie (surname)
 Habibullah (disambiguation)

Habibi


Die Aufstiegsrunde zur DDR-Liga war ein bis 1990 am Ende der regulären Saison stattfindender Wettbewerb um die Aufsteiger in die DDR-Fußballliga zu bestimmen.

Spielbetrieb
Bereits in den Jahren 1953, 1956, 1962 und von 1963 bis 1970 wurden in den Bezirksligen Aufstiegsrunden zur DDR-Liga bzw. II. DDR-Liga durchgeführt. Im Jahr 1983 wurde die gängige Praxis in Form von Aufstiegsrunden reaktiviert.

Die neu geschaffene Liga-Aufstiegsrunde wurde in der siebenjährigen Zeit ihres Bestehens durch die DFV-Fußballbeschlüsse von 1983 eingeführt und 1990 durch die Einführung der NOFV-Liga wieder abgeschafft. Während bis 1983 alle fünfzehn Bezirksmeister automatisch in die fünfgleisige DDR-Liga aufstiegen, wurde mit der Verringerung auf zwei Staffeln eine Aufstiegsrunde notwendig. Die fünfzehn Bezirksmeister wurden nach regionalen Gesichtspunkten in drei Staffeln mit je fünf Mannschaften aufgeteilt. Gespielt wurde im Anschluss der abgeschlossenen Drittligasaison in einer einfachen Runde ohne Rückspiele, insgesamt konnten in die DDR-Liga nur noch sechs Mannschaften aufsteigen.

Abschlusstabellen der Liga-Aufstiegsrunden von 1983/84 bis 1989/90

Abschlusstabellen 1983/84

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Abschlusstabellen 1984/85

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Abschlusstabellen 1985/86

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(1) Bei Punktgleichstand und derselben Tordifferenz sah die Spielordnung ein Entscheidungsspiel der Kontrahenten vor.

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Abschlusstabellen 1986/87

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Abschlusstabellen 1987/88

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Abschlusstabellen 1988/89

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Abschlusstabellen 1989/90

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Siehe auch
 Aufstiegsrunde zur DDR-Oberliga

Quellen
 Neue Fußballwoche (fuwo) Sportverlag Berlin,

DDR-Fußball-Liga
Fußball (DDR)

Aufstiegsrunde zur DDR-Liga


Gökçeli, Adana ilinin Yüreğir ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe

Coğrafya
Adana il merkezine 25 km, Karataş ilçesine 22 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

Yüreğir'in mahalleleri

Gökçeli, Yüreğir


Anadolu Yaylası ya da Anadolu Platosu, az ovalı, çok dağlı ve geniş alanları bunların arasındaki yüksek düzlükler olan yerdir. Türkiye, ortalama yüksekliği 1000 m ile yüksek bir yayladır. Orta ve güneydoğusu steplerle, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi engebeli araziyle, kuzeyi güneyi ve batısı orman arazisiyle kaplıdır. Kuzey ve güneyde sıradağlar doğuda birleşirken, batı ve Trakya bölgesi çukurdur.

Yayla, aynı zamanda tektonik bir levhadır.

Kaynakça

Türkiye'deki yaylalar
Türkiye coğrafyası
Türkiye coğrafyası taslakları

Anadolu Yaylası


Tímea Babos (Sopron, Hungría, 10 de mayo de 1993) es una jugadora profesional de tenis húngara. Ha destacado fundamentalmente en la modalidad de dobles, en la que ha obtenido 24 títulos. Entre ellos destacan el Abierto de Australia (2018 y 2020) y Roland Garros (2019 y 2020), ambos en pareja con la francesa Kristina Mladenovic. El 16 de julio de 2018 alcanzó el número 1 del ranking mundial de la especialidad a dobles.

Su ranking más alto en individuales ha sido el 25.º, al que accedió el 19 de septiembre de 2016. Ha conseguido tres títulos WTA compitiendo individualmente.

Durante 2010, junto a la estadounidense Sloane Stephens, alcanzó las cuatro finales junior de los Grand Slam en dobles y venció en tres de ellas, con excepción del Abierto de Australia.

Torneos de Grand Slam

Dobles

Títulos (4)

Finalista (4)

Dobles mixto

Finalista (2)

Títulos WTA (27; 3+24)

Individual (3)

Finalista (5)

Dobles (24)

Finalista (13)

Títulos WTA 125s (2; 1+1)

Individuales (1)

Dobles (1)

Títulos ITF (9+9)

Individuales (9)

Dobles(9)

Enlaces externos

Tenistas femeninas de Hungría
Campeones de Roland Garros Dobles junior
Campeones de Wimbledon Dobles junior
Campeones del Abierto de Estados Unidos Dobles junior
Campeones de Roland Garros dobles
Campeones del Abierto de Australia dobles
Tenistas femeninas n.º 1 mundial en dobles
Tenistas en los Juegos Olímpicos de Río de Janeiro 2016
Tenistas en los Juegos Olímpicos de Londres 2012
Nacidos en Sopron

Tímea Babos


Deux sous-marins de la marine royale suédoise ont porté successivement le nom de HMS Sjöhästen (en suédois : Hippocampe).

 Le , un sous-marin de classe Sjölejonet, lancé en 1940 et détruit en 1963.
 Le , un sous-marin de classe Sjöormen, lancé en 1968 et vendu à Singapour en 1997.

Notes et références

HMS Sjöhästen


Western es una estación en la línea Azul del Metro de Chicago. La estación se encuentra localizada en 1909-11 North Western Avenue en Chicago, Illinois. La estación Western fue inaugurada el 25 de mayo de 1895.  La Autoridad de Tránsito de Chicago es la encargada por el mantenimiento y administración de la estación. De Western, los trenes operan en intervalos de 2–7 minutos durante las horas pico, y toman alrededor de 10 minutos para llegar a The Loop.

Descripción
La estación Western cuenta con 1 plataforma central y 2 vías.

Conexiones
La estación es abastecida por las siguientes conexiones:
 Rutas del CTA Buses: #49 Western #56 Milwaukee #73 Armitage

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Estación Western
 Líneas y estaciones del Metro de Chicago

Estaciones de la línea Azul (Metro de Chicago)
Estaciones de ferrocarril inauguradas en 1895
Arquitectura de Estados Unidos de 1895

Western (ramal O'Hare de la línea Azul)


Das Erheben der Gebeine () ist die Exhumierung der (oft unverwesten) sterblichen Überreste eines Menschen aus einem Grab oder einer Fundstelle und die Übertragung der Reliquien an einen öffentlichen Verehrungsort aus religiösen Motiven.

Geschichte
Der Begriff "Erhebung" ist nicht im übertragenen Sinne zu verstehen, sondern bezieht sich auf das tatsächliche Herausheben der sterblichen Überreste aus einem Grab zum Zweck ihrer Präsentation in der Kirche. Das Erheben geht auf die frühchristliche Verehrung von Märtyrern zurück. Später wurde es ein wichtiger Vorgang im Zusammenhang der Heiligsprechung. Die feierliche Erhebung von Gebeinen wurde seit der zweiten Hälfte des 4. Jahrhunderts praktiziert. In Verbindung mit der Elevation wurde zuweilen auch von Wundern berichtet.

Bedeutung
Die "Erhebung der Gebeine" und die feierliche Überführung (Reliquientranslation) in einen zumeist ebenfalls erhöht stehenden Reliquienschrein oder in einen Altar war ein besonderes Zeichen der Heiligenverehrung. So wurden im 8. und 9. Jahrhundert eigens bekundete Translationsberichte erstellt, mit denen die Bedeutung der Selig- oder Heiligsprechung nachdrücklich hervorgehoben werden sollte. Die Ortsbischöfe und örtlichen Geistlichen förderten diese Form der Verehrung.

Hagiographischer Topos
Die Hagiographie, die in der Spätantike entstand, beinhaltet Texte über das Leben und die Verehrung von Heiligen. Neben der Vita und der Beschreibung der Art des Martyriums enthält die Hagiographie mitunter auch ausführliche Berichte über die möglicherweise von Wundern begleitete Erhebung der Gebeine.

Weblinks
 Baldachin-Grabmal – Fotos + Infos (RdK-Labor)

Literatur
 Albert J. Urban (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Wallfahrtsorte – ihre Geschichte und heutige Bedeutung, Voltmedia, Paderborn, 2006, ISBN 3-938478-35-7

Einzelnachweise

Heiligenverehrung (Christentum)

Erheben der Gebeine


Harlan ist ein Einschlagkrater am südöstlichen Rand der Mondvorderseite, südwestlich des Kraters Abel und nordöstlich von Marinus.
Der Kraterrand ist mäßig erodiert, das Innere eben.

Der Krater wurde 2000 von der IAU nach dem US-amerikanischen Astronomen Harlan James Smith offiziell benannt.
Zuvor wurde der Krater als Marinus D bezeichnet.

Weblinks

 Harlan auf The-Moon Wiki

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Harlan (Mondkrater)


අයිචි ප්‍රාන්තය, ජපානයේ ප්‍රාන්තයකි.

අයිචි යන්න පහත දෑ සඳහා ද භාවිතා වේ:
අයිචි දිස්ත්‍රික්කය, අයිචි, ජපානයේ අයිචි ප්‍රාන්තයේ පිහිටි දිස්ත්‍රික්කයක්
අයිචි, ඉරානය, ඉරානයේ කුර්දිස්තාන් පළාතේ පිහිටි ගමක්
අයිචි (වාසගම)
Aichi Sendou, protagonist of the media franchise Cardfight!! Vanguard
Aichi Steel, ජපාන වානේ නිෂ්පාදන සමාගමක්
අයිචි සරසවිය, ජපානයේ අයිචි ප්‍රාන්තයේ පිහිටි විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයක්
5908 Aichi, main-belt asteroid

ආශ්‍රිත
Aichi Kokuki, ජපන් ගුවන්යානා නිෂ්පාදන සමාගමක්

අයිචි (බහුරුත්හරණය)


Alice Louise Waters (born April 28, 1944) is an American chef, restaurateur, and author. In 1971, she opened Chez Panisse, a restaurant in Berkeley, California, famous for its role in creating the farm-to-table movement and for pioneering California cuisine.

Waters has authored the books Chez Panisse Cooking (with Paul Bertolli), The Art of Simple Food I and II, and 40 Years of Chez Panisse. Her memoir, Coming to my Senses: The Making of a Counterculture Cook, was published in September 2017 and released in paperback in May 2018.

Waters created the Chez Panisse Foundation in 1996 and the Edible Schoolyard program at the Martin Luther King Middle School in Berkeley. She is a national public policy advocate for universal access to healthy, organic foods. Her influence in the fields of organic foods and nutrition inspired Michelle Obama's White House organic vegetable garden program.

Background
Waters was born in Chatham Borough, New Jersey, on April 28, 1944, to Charles Allen Waters, a Rutgers University graduate who was a management consultant, and Margaret Waters, a homemaker. Alice graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, receiving a degree in French cultural studies in 1967. While at Berkeley, she studied abroad in France, where she shopped for local produce and prepared fresh, simple foods to enhance the table experience. During her time in France, she says she "lived at the bottom of a market street" and "took everything in by osmosis".

She brought this style of food preparation back to Berkeley, where she popularized the concept of market-fresh cooking, using the local products available in Northern California. She claims that food is a way of life and not just something to eat.

Political involvement
During her time at Berkeley, Waters became active in the Free Speech Movement, which was sweeping across the campus.

Waters worked on the congressional campaign of Robert Scheer, an anti-Vietnam War politician. She often cooked for and entertained her fellow campaigners.

Additional influences
Waters eventually returned to Europe, where she first trained at a Montessori school in London. Principles of the Montessori method, which emphasize practical and hands-on activities for children, are evident in Waters's idea of "edible education" and her Edible Schoolyard, which engages children in the preparation of fruits and vegetables that they tend to with the supervision of their teachers.

After training in London, Waters next traveled to Turkey, which she credits with influencing her approach to hospitality and deepening her respect for local communities. In his book Alice Waters and Chez Panisse, Thomas McNamee recounts Waters's experience in Turkey, where a young Turkish boy shared tea and a small bit of cheese with Waters and her traveling companions, even though he had very little. This small act of kindness had an effect on Waters's approach to hospitality and generosity in her own restaurant.

From Turkey, Waters then returned to France, where she embarked upon a year-long journey. Her travels solidified her love of all things food and French and inspired her to return to California and open Chez Panisse.

Waters counts Elizabeth David, the English cookbook author and writer, as one of her influences. She also credits Richard Olney, an American authority on French food who spent much of his life living in France, with influencing her simple, rustic cuisine.

Olney introduced Waters to Lucien and Lulu Peyraud, owners of the Domaine Tempier vineyard in Provence. Lulu Peyraud's vineyard cooking significantly influenced Waters's cooking and her menus at Chez Panisse. In her foreword to Olney's book, Lulu's Provençal Table, Waters wrote: "Lucien and Lulu's warmhearted enthusiasm for life, their love for the pleasures of the table, their deep connection to the beautiful earth of the South of France – these were things I had seen at the movies. But this was for real. I felt immediately as if I had come home to second family."

In addition, Waters has said that she learned Chinese cooking from Cecilia Chiang, and the two became lifelong friends. Waters has said that what Chiang did to popularize Chinese cuisine in America is what Julia Child did for French cuisine.

Chez Panisse

Background
In 1971, Waters opened Chez Panisse, which she named for a favorite character in a trilogy of Marcel Pagnol films. From the beginning, the restaurant was a collaborative effort. One notable collaboration was with Jeremiah Tower, who helped create some of the recipes that she later published under her name. Tower took the organic ingredients and melded them into a more refined menu. Chez Panisse was intended to serve primarily as a place where Waters could entertain her friends. Realizing the difficulty in sourcing fresh, high-quality ingredients, Waters began building a network of local farmers, artisans, and producers, and continues to source the restaurant's ingredients through her local network. Waters opened the upstairs Chez Panisse Café, a concept championed by Tower, in 1980. Café serves an a la carte menu for lunch and dinner. In 1984, Waters opened Café Fanny, named after her daughter, between the wine shop of Kermit Lynch and Acme Bread.  Café Fanny, which served breakfast and lunch in a casual, European-café setting, closed in 2012.
Then Waters mainly focused on the importance of organic farmers. Through Chez Panisse foundation, the project called Edible Schoolyard was organized in order to make an environment for the students to learn how to grow their own food and prepare it.

Dedication to organic food
Central to the operations and philosophy of Chez Panisse is Waters's and the restaurant's dedication to using organic ingredients. Waters has become a crusader for organic foods, believing that they are both better for the environment and for people's health in addition to tasting superior to commercially grown, non-organic foods.

Waters became an organic devotee almost by accident, claiming that what she was originally after was taste. She says: "When I opened up Chez Panisse, I was only thinking about taste. And in doing that, I ended up at the doorstep of [organic farmers]."

Waters's current organic food agenda includes reforming the USDA school lunch program to include organic, local fruits and vegetables and changing the way America eats, but her passion for organics started at her restaurant, where she discovered that organic ingredients were the essential element necessary to create delicious food.

Activism and public policy influence
Waters's effort to promote fresh, sustainable food grown by local farms has extended into her work as a food activist and humanitarian. Waters has always been an outspoken supporter of the restaurant's approach to food, cooking, and supporting the local community, but has more recently formalized her efforts through the Chez Panisse Foundation.

In celebration of the restaurant's 25th anniversary in 1996, Waters founded the Chez Panisse Foundation, whose mission is to transform public education by using food to teach, nurture, and empower young people. In particular, the foundation has worked with the Berkeley Unified School District to develop a public school curriculum that is integrated with the school dining services and incorporates growing, cooking, and sharing food at the table into the school day in order to build a humane and sustainable future for the school's students.

The Chez Panisse Foundation is a publicly supported 501(c)(3) organization.

Edible Schoolyard and Edible Education
The primary work of the Chez Panisse Foundation has been to establish and sustain the Edible Schoolyard program at Berkeley's Martin Luther King Jr. Middle School. The Edible Schoolyard was established in 1995 and is a  organic garden and kitchen classroom. Students at the middle school are involved in growing, harvesting, and preparing the foods from the garden, with the aim of promoting the environmental and social well-being of the school community.

Waters's work at the Edible Schoolyard has also developed into her School Lunch Initiative, which has the broader goal of bringing school children into a new relationship with food by making a healthy, fresh, sustainable meal a part of the school day. The School Lunch Initiative is a collaborative project with the Center for Ecoliteracy, also in Berkeley, and is also the topic of a series of studies through the Center for Weight and Health, at UC Berkeley.

The School Lunch Initiative is focused on bringing wholesome school lunch to the 10,000 students in the Berkeley Unified School District. In 2005, the Chez Panisse Foundation provided a grant to Berkeley schools to hire Ann Cooper as the director of Nutrition Services for the district. Cooper and the foundation eliminated almost all processed foods from the district and introduced organic fruits and vegetables to the daily menu, all while staying within the district's budget. Waters's vision is to teach subjects such as history, science, and art through the vehicle of food.

In September 2010, the Center for Weight and Health at UC Berkeley, Center for Ecoliteracy, and Chez Panisse Foundation released an evaluation report on the School Lunch Initiative. The report tracked elementary and middle school students over three years to determine the effects of the School Lunch Initiative on children's eating habits and knowledge. The report found that students in schools with highly developed School Lunch Initiative components ate more daily servings of fruit and vegetables than students in schools with lesser developed programs, and that they scored higher on food knowledge assessments. Schools with highly developed School Lunch Initiative components integrated kitchen and garden classes into the school curriculum, in addition to overhauling the school lunch program.

Although the work of the Chez Panisse Foundation has focused primarily on the Berkeley Unified School District, Waters has become a vocal and familiar advocate for school lunch reform and activism at the national level, as well. She encouraged President Bill Clinton to plant a White House garden. In 2009, she appeared on the CBS television program 60 Minutes, and made a public call for President Obama to plant an organic garden at the White House to catalyze change in the US food system. Michelle Obama, in conjunction with her anti-obesity campaign Let's Move!, planted the White House organic vegetable garden that year. An article in the San Francisco Chronicle states that:

Edible Schoolyard affiliate programs
In addition to the Edible Schoolyard in Berkeley, there are five affiliate Edible Schoolyard programs around the country. These include Edible Schoolyards in New Orleans, New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Greensboro, North Carolina.

Other advocacy projects
, Waters is working to extend free school meals to all public school children in the United States. She hopes to expand programs like the Edible Schoolyard and the School Lunch Initiative in order to reach schools across the US. She supported the 2010 Child Nutrition Reauthorization Act, and believes that providing all public school students with free food in school would build the foundation for a healthier and more sustainable food culture in the US.

In 2003, Waters helped create the Yale Sustainable Food Project, which aims to make sustainable food an important part of university-level education. The project maintains an on-campus organic farm and integrates organic, local products into the university's dining program

In 2006, Waters oversaw the creation of the Rome Sustainable Food Project at the American Academy in Rome, which aims to provide a replicable model of simple, sustainable and seasonal food for other like-minded institutions, and which operates an internship program.

Slow Food
Since 2002, Waters has served as a vice president of Slow Food International, an organization dedicated to preserving local food traditions, protecting biodiversity, promoting small-scale quality products around the world. She was drawn to the Slow Food movement because of its work in passing food knowledge and traditions to future generations.

Books

 , a storybook and cookbook for children

Awards and honors
Waters has received numerous awards for her cooking, environmental advocacy, and other achievements.

Chef and restaurant awards:
 Cook's Magazine, 1982 Who's Who Top 50
 Cuisine et Vins de France, 1986 Les Meilleurs Chefs du Monde No. 10 (top ten chefs in the world)
 James Beard Foundation Award, 1992 Best Chef in America and Best Restaurant in America (Chez Panisse); she was the first woman to win Best Chef
 Bon Appétit magazine, 2000 Lifetime Achievement Award
 Gourmet magazine, 2001 Best Restaurant in America: Chez Panisse
 James Beard Foundation Award, 2004 Lifetime Achievement
 The World's 50 Best Restaurants, 2007 Lifetime Achievement Award
 Chez Panisse Menu Cookbook was named as one of the 50 best cookbooks of all time by The Observer in 2010
 2007–2010: One Michelin Star, Chez Panisse, Michelin Guide

Advocacy awards:
 James Beard Foundation Award, 1997 Humanitarian of the Year
 National Audubon Society's 2004 Rachel Carson Award Honoree
 2008 Global Environmental Citizen Award
 2014 National Humanities Medal

Other honors and achievements:
 Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement, inducted 1998.
 Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007.
 The California Hall of Fame, inducted 2008
 Senior Fellow of the Design Futures Council, selected 2008
 Princeton University, 2009, honorary Doctorate of Humanities
 French Legion of Honor in 2009
 The Wall Street Journal, 2013 Innovators' Award
 New Jersey Hall of Fame, inducted 2014
 Named one of Time magazine's Time 100 (2014)
 Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, inducted 2014
Elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2014
 American University of Rome, 2015 honorary degree
 National Women's Hall of Fame, inducted 2017

See also

 Slow Food Nation

References

Further reading

External links

 Bio from Chezpanisse.com
The Official Bay Area Book Festival Video Channel: "Alice Waters, Jonathan Kauffman, Tom Philpott: Revolution in Food" - May 9, 2018

21st-century American women writers
1944 births
American chefs
Businesspeople from Berkeley, California
Cuisine of the San Francisco Bay Area
History of the San Francisco Bay Area
James Beard Foundation Award winners
Living people
National Humanities Medal recipients
People from Chatham Borough, New Jersey
HuffPost writers and columnists
UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni
American women chefs
American women columnists
Women cookbook writers
Women food writers
Writers from Berkeley, California
American women non-fiction writers
Chefs from Berkeley, California

Alice Waters


En kotelet (fransk: côtelette) er en få cm tyk skive kød, der udskæres af kammen.

Den kan forblive på ribbenet (med skaft).  De mest almindelige er svinekoteletter, kalvekoteletter, oksekoteletter og lammekoteletter. Midterstykket af laks i skiver kaldes laksekoteletter.
Svinenakken anvendes også til koteletter. De mangler naturligvis ribben, men kaldes nakkekoteletter.

Referencer

 Den Danske Ordbog kotelet

Kødudskæringer

Kotelet


Josef Anton Hafner (* 15. August 1709 in Türkheim; † 1756 ebenda) war ein deutscher Maler aus dem oberschwäbischen Türkheim.

Leben
Er war der Sohn eines Schneiders und absolvierte seine Ausbildung vermutlich bei dem ebenfalls aus Türkheim stammenden Maler Johann Georg Bergmüller in Augsburg. Das früheste Werk, das Josef Anton Hafner zugeschrieben wird, ist ein Altarblatt mit der Darstellung des heiligen Georg in Lindenberg im Allgäu. Im Jahre 1732 wurde er für mehrere Arbeiten in der Kirche St. Magnus in Unterrammingen bezahlt, darunter auch das verloren gegangene Hochaltarbild mit dem heiligen Magnus. Ein Jahr später führte er dort Ausbesserungsarbeiten durch. Für die Allerseelen-Bruderschaft in seinem Heimatort Türkheim lieferte er eine beidseitig bemalte Fahne. Diese Öl-auf-Leinwand-Arbeit zeigt auf einer Seite das Fegefeuer. Die Fahne wurde bis zum 20. Jahrhundert für Begräbnisse verwendet. Ruf schrieb ihm auch zwei nach 1733 ausgeführte ovale Deckengemälde in der Kapelle St. Peter und Paul in Unterirsingen zu. Für zwei großformatige Prozessionsfahnen der Corporis-Christi-Bruderschaft in Türkheim schuf er 1734 die Gemälde, zwei Jahre später malte er die Totenköpfe für eine Fahne der Allerseelen-Bruderschaft des Ortes. In der Pfarrkirche Mariä Himmelfahrt in Türkheim malte er 1736 unter anderem Wappen und Schilder. Auch die Christusfigur zum Heiligen Grab fasste er neu. Das erste bekannte umfangreichere Werk Josef Anton Hafners entstand 1740. Es ist das komplexe biblische und hagiographische Programm in der Klosterkirche Klosterbeuren. Darunter befindet sich das mit Joseph A. Hafner in Türkheim bezeichnete Bild der Anbetung der Könige auf der Südseite. Danach erhielt er weitere Aufträge mit ähnlichen Zyklen. Im Bodenseeraum soll 1745 er an mehreren größeren Deckengemälden in Kirchen beteiligt gewesen sein. Für die Pfarrkirche St. Jakob in Pfullendorf wurde 1743 ein Maler aus Türkheim beauftragt. Hierbei könnte es sich nach Ruf auch um Hafner gehandelt haben. Ein Jahr später malte er das neue Heilige Grab in St. Benno in Türkheim. Das als verloren geltende Altarbild des Hochaltars in der Türkheimer Pfarrkirche malte er im selben Jahr. Dort fasste er auch 1748 die von Ignaz Hillenbrand geschaffenen Figuren der neuen Krippe. Als sein größtes Werk gilt ein Hochaltarbild in der Pfarrkirche Heilig Geist in Unterapfeldorf. Es zeigt Maria als Rosenkranzkönigin und ist von ihm signiert und auf 1755 datiert. Josef Anton Hafner hat vermutlich auch des Öfteren für Privatleute gemalt, allerdings ist dies bisher nicht archivalisch gesichert. Er starb im Jahre 1756 an der Schwindsucht.

Als gut ausgebildeter Maler hatte er ein sicheres Gespür für leuchtendes Kolorit und dynamische Gesten der Figuren. Seine größeren Kompositionen weisen jedoch Flüchtigkeiten in Aufbau und Ausführung auf, die sich nicht auf Mitarbeiter oder Gehilfen beziehen. Josef Anton Hafner zählt mit seinen Malereien eher zur zweiten Garde der schwäbischen Barockmaler.

Werke
 St. Johann Baptist in Königshausen, mittleres Deckenfresko im Chor, 1752, restliche Deckenbilder im Langhaus
 St. Johann Baptist in Oberzell, Ausmalung des Innenraums, Auftrag 1749, signiert und datiert 1750
 Gutshof des Reichsstifts Weißenau, Ausmalung des großen Saales 1753
 Schmerzhafte-Muttergottes-Kirche in Oberzell, Deckenmalerei nach 1750
 St. Peter und Paul in Weißenau, Ausmalung des Innenraums, signiert und datiert 1743 (Deckenfresken des Mittelschiffs von Karl Stauder)
 St. Peter und Paul in Sarnen in der Schweiz, Ausmalung des Innenraums, signiert und datiert 1741
 Kloster Klosterbeuren, Kirchenausmalung mit Fresken 1740
 Heilig-Geist-Kirche in Unterapfeldorf, Hochaltargemälde Maria mit dem Rosenkranz 1755

Literatur

Weblinks

Maler (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1709
Gestorben 1756
Mann

Josef Anton Hafner


Die Untereinheit Hämoglobin gamma-2 ist ein Protein, für welches das beim Menschen vorhandene HBG2-Gen codiert.

Funktion
Die gammaglobin-Gene (HBG1 und HBG2) äußern sich normalerweise in der fötalen Leber, Milz und Knochenmark. Zwei gamma-Ketten bilden zusammen mit zwei alpha-Ketten das fötale Hämoglobin (HbF), welches bei der Geburt normalerweise durch das Hämoglobin Erwachsener (HbA) ersetzt wird. Bei einigen beta-Thalassämien und den damit verbundenen Bedingungen dauert die Produktion von gamma-Ketten auch noch im Erwachsenenalter an. Die zwei Arten von gamma-Ketten unterscheiden sich bei Aminosäure 136, wo man bei der G-gamma-Produktion (HBG2) Glycin und bei der A-gamma-Produktion (HBG1) Alanin vorfindet. Ersteres ist bei der Geburt prädominant. Die Reihenfolge der Gene im beta-globin Cluster lautet: 5' - ε – γ-G – γ-A – δ – β - 3'.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur

Sauerstofftransporter
Blutbestandteil
Codiert auf Chromosom 11 (Mensch)

HBG2


A Temporada da LBBL de 2021–22 foi a 69ª edição da competição de elite do basquetebol de Luxemburgo tendo o T71 Dudelange como defensor do título Luxemburguês.

A liga teve seu nome alterado para a temporada 2021-22 e trocou sua denominação Total League por LBBL (Luxembourg Basket-Ball League).

Clubes Participantes

Temporada Regular

Tabela de Classificação

fonte:luxembourg.basketball.com

Confrontos

fonte:luxembourg.basketball.com

Playoffs

Quartas de final

Semifinal

Final

Premiação

Playouts

Classificação

Repescagem

2022 no basquetebol
Basquetebol de Luxemburgo

Liga Luxemburguesa de Basquetebol de 2021-22


Romainmôtier es una antigua comuna suiza del distrito de Orbe en el cantón de Vaud, Suiza.

El primero de enero de 1970, la comuna de Romainmôtier fue fusionada con la vecina comuna de Envy para formar la nueva comuna de Romainmôtier-Envy.

El pequeño poblado de Romainmôtier se formó al amparo del monasterio construido a partir de una ermita fundada por san Román de Condat y san Lupicino de Lauconne alrededor del año 452. En su desarrollo como abadía románica, cluniacense, es la más grande y más antigua de Suiza.

Enlaces externos

 Sitio oficial de la commune de Romainmôtier-Envy.

Localidades de Vaud
Antiguas comunas de Vaud

Romainmôtier


The Neuilly-sur-Seine Old Communal Cemetery in the Hauts-de-Seine département of France is in the western suburbs of Paris, between Paris and La Défense.

The first is called cimetière ancien (Old Cemetery) and is to be found in Neuilly; the second (New Cemetery) is to be found in Nanterre, near La Défense and adjacent to Paris La Défense Arena, but belongs to Neuilly. It is called cimetière nouveau.

Notable interments

Old Cemetery
 Alessandro Anzani (1877–1956), inventor
 Liliane Bettencourt (1922–2017), principal shareholder L'Oréal
 Henri Betti (1917–2005), composer and pianist
 Louis de Broglie (1892–1987), Nobel Prize Laureate in science
 René Clair (1898–1981), film director
 Pierre Drieu La Rochelle (1893–1945), writer
 Anatole France (1844–1924), novelist
 Pierre Fresnay (1897–1975), actor
 Alexander Glazunov (1865–1936), composer

 André Maurois (1885–1967), writer
 Antonia "La Argentina" Mercé (1890–1936), dancer
 Paul Meurisse (1912–1979), actor
 Pierre Mondy (1925–2012), actor

 Yvonne Printemps (1894–1977), actress and singer
 Pierre Puvis de Chavannes (1824–1898), painter
 Jane Rhodes (1929–2011), operatic soprano
 Alain Robbe-Grillet (1922-2018) author, filmmaker, member of the Académie Française
 Countess Iréne Sampieri (1872–1963), socialite
 Michel Serrault (1928–2007), actor

The cemetery contains one Commonwealth war grave, of a British Red Cross Society officer of World War I.

New Cemetery
 Grégoire Aslan (1908–1982), actor
 Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944), painter

The cemetery contains 33 Commonwealth war graves, of 32 service personnel from World War I and one from World War II, as well as an American Legion memorial bearing the names of 250 Americans.

References

External links

 Adapted from the article Neuilly-sur-Seine community cemetery, from Wikinfo, licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

Cemeteries in Hauts-de-Seine
Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries in France

Neuilly-sur-Seine Old Communal Cemetery


Josine Koning (2 de setembro de 1995) é uma jogadora de hóquei sobre a grama neerlandesa, campeã olímpica.

Carreira
Koning integrou a Seleção Neerlandesa de Hóquei sobre a grama feminino nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 em Tóquio, quando conquistou a medalha de ouro após derrotar a equipe argentina na final da competição por 3–1.

Jogadores de hóquei sobre a grama olímpicos dos Países Baixos
Jogadores de hóquei sobre a grama nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Campeões olímpicos dos Países Baixos

Josine Koning


Dumitru Marcel Bujor (n. ) este un fost senator român, ales în 2012 pe listele PP-DD.

Vezi și
 Legislatura 2012-2016 (Senat)
 Parlamentul României

Legături externe
 Activitatea parlamentară

Nașteri în 1954
Senatori români 2012-2016
Politicieni români în viață
Membri ai PP-DD

Dumitru Marcel Bujor


Simeiz Observatory (also spelled Simeis or Simeïs) was an astronomy research observatory until the mid-1950s. It is located on Mount Koshka, Crimea, , by the town of Simeiz.

Part of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, it is currently used for laser based studies of the orbits of satellites.

The Minor Planet Center (MPC) credits Simeiz Observatory as the location where a total of 150 minor planets were discovered by astronomers Grigory Neujmin, Sergey Belyavsky, Vladimir Albitsky, Grigory Shajn, Nikolaj Ivanov, Pelageya Shajn, Praskov'ja Parchomenko, Alexander Deutsch and Evgenij Skvorcov.

As of 2017, the discovery of the minor planet  is directly credited to Simeiz Observatory by the MPC.

History

The Simeiz Observatory was founded by Russian amateur astronomer Nikolai Maltsov, who later became a honored member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and after whom asteroid 749 Malzovia was named. In 1900, he built a tower for refractor at his land plot near Simeiz. In 1906 – a tower with dome for Zeiss double astrograph. Both towers are preserved and being used nowadays. In 1908, Maltsov handed his observatory to Pulkovo Observatory as a present. In 1912, the first astrophysical department of Pulkovo Observatory was officially opened at the south of Russia. Simeiz observatory is situated at the level of 360 m above sea level at southern mountainside of the Crimean mountains, at Koshka mountain. A main building was restored after the Second World War on the basis of old building in modernized style with balconies decorated by columns.

Research of interstellar space and star formation zones, discovery of star rotation, creation of stellar catalogues of radial velocities, study of chemical composition of stars and the Sun brought the world publicity to Simeiz Observatory. The results of research of stars and the Sun represents an independent value.

The Department provides observing facilities for astronomers of international community and for its own staff. The following projects currently run:
 Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)
 Multi-wavelength monitoring of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN)
 Solar and stellar activity investigations
 Molecular lines observations at mm wavelengths

Discoveries
Minor planets, whose discovery is directly credited to the observatory (rather than a particular astronomer).

See also

References

External links
 People and Stars History of Simeiz Observatory, Nikolay Semyon "Mirror of the week" No. 42, October 1998
 Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, a detailed history of Simeiz and Crimean Astrophysical Observatory by Petr Pavlovich Dobronravin .
 Brief history Brief history of Simeiz and Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.
 History of minor planet observations at the Crimean astrophysical observatory,  L. I. & N. S. Chernykh (2002)

Astronomical observatories in Ukraine
Astronomical observatories built in the Soviet Union
Minor-planet discovering observatories
Buildings and structures in Crimea

Simeiz Observatory


Wanderson Costa Viana (Brasilia, Distrito Federal de Brasil, Brasil, 7 de febrero de 1994) es un futbolista de Brasil. Juega de mediapunta y su equipo actual es el Iwate Grulla Morioka de Japón.

Clubes

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Futbolistas de Brasil
Futbolistas del Olympiakos Fútbol Club
Futbolistas del Doxa Drama Fútbol Club
Futbolistas del Ajax Cape Town Football Club
Futbolistas del Apollon Smyrnis
Futbolistas del Lamia FC
Futbolistas del Beroe Stara Zagora
Futbolistas del Iwate Grulla Morioka
Nacidos en Brasilia

Wanderson Costa Viana


The Peugeot 405 is a large family car manufactured by the French automaker Peugeot from 1987 to 1997. It continues to be manufactured under licence outside Europe. It was voted European Car of the Year for 1988 by the largest number of votes in the history of the contest. About 2.5 million vehicles have been sold worldwide, both in left and right drive versions, as a saloon and estate. Inearly 2020, the 33-year production run of the Peugeot 405 was counted as the twentieth most long-lived single generation car in history."

Its appearance is similar to the Alfa Romeo 164, launched the same year and also styled by Pininfarina. While the 405 shares its floorpan with the Citroën BX, it does not have that car's hydropneumatic suspension except 4x4 version on the rear axle (SRix4, Mi16x4 and T16) . As with the BX, the 405 used TU/XU petrol and XUD diesel engines. The 405 was the last Peugeot vehicle sold in the United States, on sale between 1988 and 1991, including the Mi16.

The 405 has been available as a saloon and estate, in front-wheel and four-wheel drive. No coupé model was ever offered, unlike the 504 and later 406: only two examples of the purpose-built, two-door 405 Turbo 16 (not to be confused with 405 T16) were made.

History
In July 1987, Peugeot unveiled ten versions of the 405 saloon simultaneously for the 1988 model year, with sales on the continent beginning in October 1987 and sales in the United Kingdom beginning in January 1988. It succeeded the long-running Peugeot 305, but also the Chrysler Alpine hatchback and Solara saloon which had been discontinued when the Talbot brand was axed a year earlier. The slightly smaller 305 was discontinued from the Peugeot range soon after the 405's launch, with production of the larger 505 ending a few years later. Peugeot's new range-topping model after 1989 was the larger 605.

Estate sales began in May 1988, although the British market did not receive estate versions until October 1988. No coupé was ever offered to the public, unlike the 504 and later 406. Right hand drive versions being produced at the former plant of Rootes/Chrysler at Ryton near Coventry, and left hand drive production taking place at Sochaux in France.

Four cylinder petrol engines ranging from 1.4 to 1.9 liters and  were available. In 1988, naturally aspirated (1.9) and turbocharged (1.8) diesel engines were added to the range. The 500,000th 405 was produced during 1989, followed by the one millionth 405 to leave the Sochaux factory in 1990. This was also when the BE1 transmission was replaced by the BE3.

In 1991, there were updates to the dashboard, steering wheel, and soundproofing, but for 1992, the Phase II model arrived with a new boot with better ingress, new rear lights and boot design, and a new dashboard. 405 production had reached over 1,500,000 by this time.

In the autumn of 1995, the 405's replacement, the 406 was introduced and the 405 saloon was discontinued. An airbag had been available on the 405 since 1994, and standard on the left hand drive Mi16 and T16. At the beginning of 1997, the estate version of the 406 was launched, marking the end of European 405 production after ten years.

The 405 was one of Europe's best selling larger family cars, particularly in France and Britain. It was the eighth best selling car in Britain in 1992 and 1993. The 405 also became a popular model in Thailand, following the success of the Peugeot 505 after the Government of Thailand cancelled a restriction on CBU car imports in the late 1980s.

Manufacturing
Designed in France, the Peugeot 405 has been manufactured in:
 Europe: from 1987 to 1997 at Sochaux (France) and Ryton (United Kingdom).
 Zimbabwe: until 2002, by Quest.
 Egypt: Wagih Abaza produced the 405.
 Iran: produced by Iran Khodro from 1991 to 2020.
 Chile: Produced by Franco-Chilena in Los Andes, including STI Phase II model.
 Argentina: Several saloon models, including diesels, were built in the Villa Bosch Peugeot facility from 1992 to 1999. In this country, the 405 has been an extremely popular car with total sales of over 500,000 units.
 Poland: Around 4000 were assembled in FSC Lublin between 1992 and 1995.
 Taiwan: Produced by Yu-Tien Motors from 1989 until 1995 (Production ceased after bankruptcy).
 Thailand: Produced by Ymc Assembly Co., Ltd. from 1989 until 1997
 Azerbaijan: Produced by Khazar Iran Khodro at the Neftchala Industrial District since 2019.

Versions
The 405 range included three petrol engines and two diesel engines, all four cylinders, in a variety of states of tune and specification. The range was tailored to suit different export markets. The 1.6 litre saloon featured a low drag co efficient of , with other models varying up to . The 1.4 litre (1,360 cc) engine was fitted with a four-speed manual gearbox. It produces  at 5,600 rpm.

The 1.6 litre (1,580 cc) engine was fitted with a five speed manual gearbox and produced  at 6,000 rpm. The 1.9 litre (1,905 cc) engine was available with a five speed manual gearbox, with an option of an automatic in the lower powered version.

The eight valve version of the 1905 cc engine was available in two levels of tune;  or , with numbers varying somewhat depending on the year and the market. A 16-valve version was available with the Mi16 model and this produced  at 6,500 rpm and could reach a top speed of . The catalyzed version produces  with a top speed of .

In 1992, the range was facelifted. While the changes were deep, including a modified bottom plate and chassis structure, the design was almost indistinguishable from the pre-facelift model.

The windscreens were now bonded; all of these changes increased torsional rigidity considerably while still allowing a deeper opening for the bootlid of the sedan. The taillights were also redesigned and the trim piece between them removed, all in the image of the bigger 605. The interior was also redone, with an all new dashboard and door trim, inheriting many detail parts as well as the overall appearance from the 605.

In April 1993, the T16 was introduced to celebrate the successes of the competition model, with a 2.0 litre 16 valve turbocharged XU10J4TE engine with water cooled chargecooler, constant four wheel drive with 53/47% power distribution and self regulating hydraulic rear axle. It was never built in a right hand drive model.

The T16 produced  at  (normal boost) or  at  (overboost) which lasts for 45 seconds. 1,061 examples were built, with ten of these being delivered for use by the National Gendarmerie. The diesel engine options included a 1.9 litre (1,905 cc) unit producing  at 4,600 rpm or a turbocharged 1.8 litre (1,769 cc) unit producing .

Britain
At launch in January 1988, the 405 was available with a choice 1.6, and 1.9 carbureted engines, and an injected 1.9. Both diesel and petrol engines were available at launch.
 Late 1988: debut of the performance model, the Mi 16. Addition of the estate and a 1.8 litre turbo diesel.
 Late 1989: four wheel drive Mi16x4, GRiX4 were added.
 1990: Update to dashboard.
 1992: Updates to interior, 1.9s petrol engine replaced by a catalysed 2.0.
 1994: power steering and remote central locking become standard on all models. Driver's airbag added.
 1995: Executive and Quasar models added.
 1996: 405 saloon replaced by the 406. Estate revised and sold until replaced by the 406 estate in 1997.
Other engines included 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8. Other styles included the GE, GL, GLx4, GLD, GLDT, GR, GTXi, GTXDT, Le Mans, LX, Mi, Style D, Style DT, Quasar, SRi, SRDT, STi, and STDT.

North America

Three versions of the 405 sedan were sold in North America from the end of 1988; the 1.9-liter DL and the well equipped S (with standard leather seats), both with , and the Mi16 with . The DL and S were also available in wagon form, called Sportswagon. Peugeot withdrew from the markets in the United States and Canada after the model year of 1991.

Iran

Iran Khodro also produces several models derived from the 405. The Peugeot Pars, also known as the Peugeot Persia, is a facelifted 405 with a redesigned front end including clear lamp lenses and a revised rear. The Peugeot RD is a rear wheel drive car which has a 405 body and mechanical parts from the Paykan. Since 2006, it has been sold in certain markets in the Middle East as the Peugeot ROA.

The Samand, which was designed to be a "national car" for Iran, is also based on the 405 platform. It replaced the long running Paykan which was itself based on the Hillman Hunter, an ancestor (in corporate ownership and model positioning terms) of the 405, having been produced by the Rootes Group and Chrysler UK from 1963 until 1979, the year that Peugeot purchased Chrysler's European operations.

Iran Khodro, the leading Iranian car manufacturer produces the following models of Peugeot 405:
 Peugeot 405 GL/GLX with 1.6L & 1.9L 8 valve carburettor engine, this model was taken out of production in 2002.
 Peugeot 405 GLX with 1.8L 8 valve fuel injection engine and modified options, the gasoline model production stopped in 2020 but the CNG version remains in production (as does the SLX).
 Peugeot 405 SLX with 1.6L 16 valve PSA TU5 engine, redesigned dashboard with two airbags, ABS brakes.
 Peugeot Pars: A modern facelift of the 405 in four models with 1.8L 8 valve, 1.9L 8 valve, 1.6L 16 valve (PSA TU5 engine) and 1.8L 16 valve engines.
 Peugeot RD and ROA: Cheaper models that use the eight-valve Hillman Avenger(Paykan) engine in the 405 body. The RD uses the original 1.6-litre version, this was upgraded to a 1.7-litre unit in the ROA. Production of these models was stopped in 2011.
 IKCO Samand, Soren, Dena And Dena Plus: Iran's National Cars which are developments using the 405 platform
 IKCO Arisun: badged under Iran Khodro's own brand, but still heavily based on the 405. It is a coupe utility which has been in production since 2015.

Motorsport

The motorsport version of the 405, the rallying 405 Turbo 16 GR, was very different from the road going 405. It was built in a coupé body style in mid-engine configuration, had constant four wheel drive with electronically adjustable center differential like the 205 T16, as it was based on the same technology. At least four were produced, competing in hill climbs and the Paris-Dakar rally.

Today, three are in the official Peugeot museum, and the other is in a private collection.

 1988: Finnish driver Ari Vatanen set a new record in the Pikes Peak International Hillclimb (an award-winning film of the drive titled Climb Dance was made by Jean Louis Mourey). Kankkunen and Piironen win the Paris-Dakar Rally in the 405 T16 GR.
 1989: Victory in the Paris-Dakar rally by the Vatanen-Ickx team in a 405 T16 GR.
 1990: Victory in the Paris-Dakar rally by the Vatanen-Berglund team in a 405 T16 GR.

Racing 405s much closer in specification to the road going models were campaigned for several years in European touring car racing during the early to mid 1990s, most notably in the British Touring Car Championship and the French Supertourisme Championship. In Britain, the 405 did not achieve much success, but the car won the French series in both 1994 and 1995, in the hands of Laurent Aïello.

Gallery

Sales and production

See also

 Peugeot 405 Turbo 16
 Climb Dance

Notes

External links

Original Climb Dance short film on YouTube
2013 remaster of Climb Dance short film on YouTube
A British TV ad featuring the song Take My Breath Away

405
Mid-size cars
Sedans
Station wagons
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
All-wheel-drive vehicles
1990s cars
Cars introduced in 1987
Cars of Argentina
Touring cars
Dakar Rally winning cars
Cars of Iran
Police vehicles

Peugeot 405


Söğütlü, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Dulkadiroğlu ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe

Coğrafya

Kahramanmaraş iline 32 km, Dulkadiroğlu ilçesine 31 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dulkadiroğlu'nun mahalleleri

Söğütlü, Dulkadiroğlu


Bertha Benz (; ; 3 May 1849 – 5 May 1944) was a German automotive pioneer. She was the business partner and wife of automobile inventor Carl Benz. On 5 August 1888, she was the first person to drive an internal-combustion-engined automobile over a long distance, field testing the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, inventing brake lining and solving several practical issues during the journey of 105 km (65 miles). In doing so, she brought the Patent-Motorwagen worldwide attention and got the company its first sales.

Early life and marriage

Cäcilie Bertha Ringer was born on 3 May 1849 to a wealthy family in Pforzheim in the Grand Duchy of Baden.

Two years before her marriage to Carl Benz, she used part of her dowry to invest in his failing iron construction company. As an unmarried woman, she was able to do so; after she married Benz, according to German law, Bertha lost her legal power to act as an investor. On 20 July 1872, Bertha Ringer married Carl Benz. As he moved on to a new manufacturing venture, Benz & Cie, he continued to use her dowry as financial support.

Carl finished work on his first horseless carriage in December 1885. Bertha served as a field tester, contributing to the design of the Motorwagen by adding wire insulation and inventing leather brake pads to supplement the wooden brakes when they failed. Moreover, she identified several key areas of opportunities – such as the fuel line design – that Carl later improved. In addition to her contributions to the machine's design, Bertha helped finance the development of the Motorwagen.

Together they had five children: Eugen (1873–1958), Richard (1874–1955), Clara (1876–1968), Thilde (1882–1974), and Ellen (1890–1973).

The Patent Motor Car

On July 3, 1886, Benz presented the Patent-Motorwagen automobile to the public in Mannheim. Within the decade, 25 vehicles had been built. With cutting-edge bicycle constructions, the Model I was the original Patent Motor Car and the world's first automobile.

The Model II was converted to a four-wheeler for test purposes, making it the only one of this model.

The first Patent Motor Car sold in small production runs was the Model III. It had powered rear wheels with a ringed steel and solid rubber, steerable front wheel. Various options from which to choose were provided for customers, such as seat arrangements and a folding top.

First cross-country automobile journey

On 5 August 1888, 39-year-old Bertha Benz drove from Mannheim to Pforzheim with her sons Richard and Eugen, thirteen and fifteen years old respectively, in a Model III, without telling her husband and without permission of the authorities, thus becoming the first person to drive an automobile a significant distance. Before this historic trip, motorized drives were merely very short trials, returning to the point of origin, made with assistance of mechanics. Following wagon tracks, this pioneering tour covered a one-way distance of about .

Although the ostensible purpose of the trip was to visit her mother, Bertha Benz had other motives – to prove to her husband, who had failed to adequately consider marketing his invention, that the automobile in which they both had heavily invested would become a financial success once it was shown to be useful to the general public; and to give her husband the confidence that his constructions had a future.

She left Mannheim around dawn, solving numerous problems along the way. Bertha demonstrated her significant technical capabilities on this journey. With no fuel tank and only a 4.5-litre supply of petrol in the carburetor, she had to find ligroin, the petroleum solvent needed for the car to run. The solvent was only available at apothecary shops, so she stopped in Wiesloch at the city pharmacy to purchase the fuel. At the time, petrol and other fuels could only be bought from chemists [pharmacists in US English], and so this is how the chemist in Wiesloch became the first fuel station in the world.

She cleaned a blocked fuel line with her hat pin and used her garter as insulation material. A blacksmith had to help mend a chain at one point. When the wooden brakes began to fail, Benz visited a cobbler to install leather, making the world's first pair of brake linings. An evaporative cooling system was employed to cool the engine, making water supply a big worry along the trip. The trio added water to their supply every time they stopped. The car's two gears were not enough to surmount uphill inclines and Eugen and Richard often had to push the vehicle up steep roads. Benz reached Pforzheim somewhat after dusk, notifying her husband of her successful journey by telegram. She drove back to Mannheim several days later.

The novel trip received a great deal of publicity, as she had sought. The drive was a key event in the technical development of the automobile. The pioneering couple introduced several improvements after Bertha's experiences. She reported everything that had happened along the way and made important suggestions, such as the introduction of an additional gear for climbing hills and brake linings to improve brake-power. Her trip demonstrated to the burgeoning automotive industry that test drives were essential to their business.

Later life

Benz died in her village in Ladenburg in 1944, where the workshop of Carl Benz had been built after they had moved there in 1906 and he established a solely family-held business, Benz and Sons. Carl Benz had died in 1929, after the success of Daimler-Benz was assured. Members of the family resided in the home for 25 more years. The Benz home now has been designated as historic and is used as a scientific meeting facility for a nonprofit foundation, the Daimler and Benz Foundation, which aims to promote science and research in order to gain a better understanding of the correlation between man, the environment and technology.

In 1925 Carl Benz wrote the following in his memoirs: "Only one person remained with me in the small ship of life when it seemed destined to sink. That was my wife. Bravely and resolutely she set the new sails of hope."

Honours

In 2008, the Bertha Benz Memorial Route was officially approved as a route of the industrial heritage of humankind, because it follows Bertha Benz's path during the world's first long-distance journey by automobile in 1888. Now it is possible to follow the 194 km of signs indicating her route from Mannheim via Heidelberg to Pforzheim (Black Forest) and back.

The Bertha Benz Challenge, embedded in the framework of the ceremony of Automobile Summer 2011, the big official German event and birthday party commemorating the invention of the automobile by Carl Benz over , took place on Bertha Benz Memorial Route on 10 and 11 September 2011. It was a globally visible signal for new automobile breakthroughs, and was only open for sustainable mobility – future-oriented vehicles with alternative drive systems, i.e., hybrid and electric, hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles, and other extremely economical vehicles. The motto is Bertha Benz Challenge – Sustainable Mobility on the World's Oldest Automobile Road!

On 25 January 2011, Deutsche Welle (DW-TV) broadcast worldwide in its series, Made in Germany, a TV documentary on the invention of the automobile by Carl Benz, highlighting the very important role of his wife, Bertha Benz.  The report is not only on the history of the automobile, but takes a look at its future as well, shown by the Bertha Benz Challenge on 10 and 11 September 2011.

The documentary The Car is Born, produced by Ulli Kampelmann, centered on the first road trip by Bertha Benz.

In honor of International Women's Day in 2019, the modern Daimler company commissioned a four-minute advertisement dramatizing portions of Bertha Benz' 1888 journey. The ad was created by Berlin-based ad agency Antoni (the lead European agency for Mercedes-Benz), and directed by Sebastian Strasser via his production company, Anorak Film.

In popular culture
In 2011, a dramatized television movie about the life of Carl and Bertha Benz was made named , which premiered on 11 May and was aired by Das Erste on 23 May. A trailer of the movie and a "making of" special were released on YouTube.

See also
 Louise Sarazin – French businesswoman who played a significant role in early automotive history.

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Bertha Benz Memorial Route
Automuseum Dr. Carl Benz, 2018.
The Car is Born  – A documentary of Bertha Benz's historic drive by Ulli Kampelmann.
The First Road Trip  – Teaching overview and question set.

1849 births
1944 deaths
Benz vehicles
German automotive pioneers
19th-century German inventors
Karl Benz
People associated with the internal combustion engine
People from the Grand Duchy of Baden
People from Pforzheim
Women inventors
19th-century German businesspeople
19th-century German businesswomen
20th-century German businesspeople

Bertha Benz


Totul ca la carte este un film românesc de scurt metraj din 2013 regizat de Bogdan Bărbulescu. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Crina Semciuc, Andrei Seușan, Ionuț Ghenu.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2013 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2013

Totul ca la carte


Râul Plosca  este un curs de apă, care se alimentează cu apa ploilor și a micilor afluenți. Acesta parcurge o distanță de 41.8km, incepând cu localitățile Obârșia, Gorj, Bibulești, Gorj, Rădinești, Gorj, Hălăngești, Gorj, Dănciulești, Gorj, Soceni, Dolj, Tălpaș, Dolj, Golumbu, Dolj, Fărcaș, Dolj și Amărăști, Dolj, vărsându-se în Râul Amaradia (Dolj).

Râuri din județul Dolj, Râuri din județul Gorj

Râul Plosca


La résidence Buffalo est un grand ensemble de la ville de Montrouge, bâti entre 1957 et 1958 par l'architecte Fernand Pouillon. Elle est labellisée « Architecture contemporaine remarquable » (anciennement « Patrimoine du  »).

Histoire

La résidence est construite en lieu et place de l'ancien stade Buffalo (lequel tirait son nom des tournées de la troupe de Buffalo Bill), grâce au Comptoir national du logement. Cette structure, sorte de bureau d'études et de promotion privée, est présidée par un ancien préfet de la Seine, et a pour architecte en chef Fernand Pouillon. La résidence obtient le label « Patrimoine du  » en 2008.

Architecture
La résidence de  comporte des immeubles de sept étages, encadrant des immeubles plus petits et une tour centrale sur pilotis, de sept étages également. Un bassin circulaire et des jardins agrémentent l'ensemble. Les bâtiments sont basés sur une structure en béton armé, avec des façades en pierre claire. Les trois derniers étages des immeubles les plus hauts sont d'une facture extérieure qui diffère de celle des étages inférieurs ; de plus, un balcon filant sépare les deux volumes : le tout engendre, dans l'inconscient de la personne qui regarde, une lecture visuelle qui fait ressentir des bâtiments moins hauts qu'ils ne le sont réellement, et réduit ainsi l'effet de masse.

Localisation
Bordant le Cercle athlétique de Montrouge, la résidence est encadrée par l'avenue du Fort, la rue Carvès et la rue Victor-Basch. La chapelle Saint-Luc, également  labellisée « Architecture contemporaine remarquable », lui fait face.

Références

À voir

Article connexe
 Résidence Salmson Le Point du Jour

Lien externe
 Article et photos d'archive sur « Fernand Pouillon, architecte »

Montrouge
Édifice labellisé « Patrimoine du XXe siècle » dans les Hauts-de-Seine
Édifice construit en 1958
Architecture du XXe siècle en Île-de-France

Résidence Buffalo


Agave potatorum ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Agaven (Agave). Ein englischer Trivialname ist "Butterfly Agave".

Beschreibung
Agave potatorum formt kleine, kompakte Rosetten und bildet manchmal Ausläufer. Sie erreicht Wuchshöhen bis 25 cm und einen Durchmesser bis 40 cm. Die variablen, ei- bzw. lanzettenförmigen, kräftigen, grünen bis bläulichen Blätter sind 25 bis 40 cm lang und 9 bis 18 cm breit. Die welligen, warzenartigen Blattränder sind gezahnt. Der flexibel angeordnete, graue bis braune Enddorn ist 3 bis 5 cm lang.

Der rispige, gerade bis etwas gebogene, schlanke Blütenstand wird 3 bis 6 m hoch. Die gelben Blüten sind 55 bis 80 mm lang und erscheinen ab der Mitte des Blütenstandes und reichen bis zur Spitze, an lockeren, unregelmäßig angeordneten Verzweigungen. Die zylindrische bis trichterige Blütenröhre ist 10 bis 17 mm lang.

Die eiförmigen bis länglichen dreikammerigen Kapselfrüchte sind 40 bis 55 mm lang und bis 20 mm breit. Die glänzenden, schwarzen, Samen sind 6 bis 7 mm lang und 5 bis 6 mm breit.

Die Blütezeit reicht von September bis Dezember.

Systematik und Verbreitung
Agave potatorum wächst in Mexiko in den Bundesstaaten Puebla und Oaxaca in semiariden Regionen, in Waldland in 1200 bis 2300 m Höhe. Sie ist vergesellschaftet mit Kakteen- und Sukkulentenarten.

Die Erstbeschreibung durch Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini ist 1833 veröffentlicht worden. Synonyme sind Agave verschaffeltii Lem. und Agave potatorum var. verschaffeltii Baker.

Agave potatorum ist ein Vertreter der Gruppe Hiemiflorae. Die polymorphe Art ist weit verbreitet. Sie ähnelt im Jugendstadium Agave colorata. Die Art wird zahlreich in Europa kultiviert.

Literatur
 August J. Breitung: Agave potatorum. In: The Agaves. The Cactus & Succulent Journal Yearbook, 1968, S. 68.
 Howard Scott Gentry: Agaves of Continental North America. University of Arizona Press, 1982, S. 490–493.
 Mary Irish, Gary Irish: Agaves, yuccas, and related plants. A Gardener's Guide. Timber Press, 2000, ISBN 0-88192-442-3, S. 152–153.
 T. Heller: Agaven. Münster 2006, S. 122–123.
 J. Thiede: Agave potatorum. In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Sukkulenten-Lexikon. Einkeimblättrige Pflanzen (Monocotyledonen). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3662-7, S. 57.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Agaven
Potatorum

Agave potatorum


Revolta pe Alpha C  (engleză: Revolt on Alpha C) este un roman științifico-fantastic pentru tineret de Robert Silverberg. Acesta a fost primul său roman publicat în 1955 la vârsta de douăzeci de ani.

Prezentare

În 2363, Larry Stark, 20 de ani, cadet al Academiei Patrulelor spațiale, vizitează sistemul stelar Alpha Centauri cu nava spațială Carden. Una dintre planetele sistemului este Alpha C, o planetă asemănătoare Pământului, aceasta a fost colonizată în urmă cu 125 de ani.

Stark ajunge pe planetă tocmai în momentul în care coloniștii decid să declare independența planetei Alpha C. Apoi se confruntă cu o dilemă agonizantă: fie să se supună ordinelor de a înăbuși rebeliunea, fie să se supună sentimentelor sale de a-i ajuta pe rebeli...

Caracteristici
Zborul spațial are loc prin hiperspațiu și un zbor pe o distanță de 4,5 ani-lumină durează 15 zile. Planeta Alpha Centauri seamănă cu Pământul în perioada de glorie a dinozaurilor.

Povestea este aparent o metaforă a Revoluției Americană, în care Pământul reprezintă Anglia iar Alpha Centauri reprezintă Statele Unite.

Personaje
 Larry Stark  - cadet, operatorul radio de pe nava Carden.
 Allison Hurley  - cadet, un membru al echipajului.
 Heitor van Haaren  - cadet, membru al echipajului.
 Reinhardt  - căpitanul navei Carden.
 Olcott  - pilotul navei.
 O'Hare, Grennel Boggs  - membri ai echipajului.
 Harrison  - Președinte al coloniei de pe Alpha Centauri
 John Browne  - liderul revoluționarilor.
 Carter  - șeful guvernului provizoriu de pe colonia Londra.

Note

Legături externe

Romane științifico-fantastice
Romane de Robert Silverberg
Cărți din 1955
1955 în științifico-fantastic
Alpha Centauri în ficțiune

Revolt on Alpha C


Camagüey ili Küba'nın 16 ilinden birisidir.

Camagüey 15.615 km²'lik alanıyla Küba'nın en büyük ilidir. Nüfusu; 786,657 kişidir (2004). Yönetim merkezi Camagüey kenti dışında Nuevitas ve Florida diğer büyük kentleridir. Kuzeyde Atlas Okyanusu, batıda Ciego de Avila, doğuda Las Tunas illeri, güneyde de Karayip Deniziyle çevrilidir. 1879'da Puerto Principe olarak kurulmuş, 1976'da Ciego de Avila ili Camagüey ilinden ayrılmıştır.

Sığır yetiştiriciliği ve şekerkamışı ekimi temel ekonomik uğraşlardandır. Güney kıyısı açıklarındaki Jardines de la Reina (Kraliçenin Bahçeleri) kumluk adalarının doğu yarısı il sınırları içindedir ve turizm açısından potansiyeli büyüktür.

Belediyeleri

Kaynak: 2005 yılı geçici resmi sayım sonuçları

Kardeş şehirler
Madison, Wisconsin, ABD

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Camagüey Portalı(İspanyolca)
  (İspanyolca)

Küba'nın illeri

Camagüey (il)


William Gerald "Bill" Schermbrucker (* 23. Juli 1938 in Eldoret, Kenia; † 14. September 2019 in Saanich, Kanada) war ein kanadischer Schriftsteller, Hochschullehrer, Hörfunkautor und Literaturkritiker.

Leben
Schermbrucker wurde 1938 in Eldoret, Kenia, geboren. Seit 1964 lebt er in Vancouver, Kanada. An der University of British Columbia studierte er Englisch und machte 1973 seinen Ph.D. mit einer vergleichenden literaturwissenschaftlichen Arbeit über die Erzähltechniken von sechs ausgewählten Romanen von D. H. Lawrence, William Faulkner und Patrick White.

Schermbrucker ist einer der Gründer und langjährigen Dozenten des Capilano College und früherer Herausgeber des The Capilano Review. Auch später betätigte er sich als Literaturkritiker.

Am Capilano College betreute er jahrelang die Kurse für Kreatives Schreiben sowohl für professionelle Schriftsteller als auch für Amateure, wobei seine besondere Gewichtung auf dem Genre der Memoiren lag, bei dem es ihm nicht allein um den Prozess des Schreibens, sondern auch um die Vermarktung oder die Verwirklichung als Buch oder als Artikel innerhalb eines Magazines.

Inzwischen ist das Schreiben sein Hauptberuf. Gegenwärtig arbeitet er an einem Nachfolgeroman zu seinem Werk Mimosa. Neben seinen Romanen hat Bill Schermbrucker unter seinem vollständigen Geburtsnamen diverse Sachbücher zur Kanadischen Literatur oder der Technik des Schreibens veröffentlicht.

1989 gewann er den zu den BC Book Prizes gehörenden Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize mit seinem Roman Mimosa (1988).

Werk
Romane und Kurzgeschichten
 Chameleon and Other Stories. Talon Books, Vancouver 1983.
 Mimosa, Talon Books. Talon Books, Vancouver 1988.
 Motortherapy and Other Stories. Talon Books, Vancouver 1993.

Sachbücher
 Vision of alienation An analytical approach to the works of Patrick White, 1966.
 Strange textures of vision a study of the significance of mannered fictional techniques in six selected novel of D.H. Lawrence, William Faulkner, and Patrick White, together with a theoretical introduction on "The Novel of vision". Thesis (Ph. D.) University of British Columbia 1973
 The Aims and Strategies of Good Writing. Vancouver: Capilano College, 1976.
 Readings for Canadian writing students. The Capilano College, North Vancouver, B.C.  1980 (zusammen mit Daphne Marlatt)
 The Capilano reader. The Capilano College, North Vancouver, B.C. 1984
 Making a difference : Canadian multicultural literature. Oxford University Press, Toronto u. a. 1996 (zusammen mit Frederick Philip Grove; Laura Goodman Salverson; Rachel Korn; A. M. Klein; George Faludy)
 Aims and strategies of good writing. Pearson Prentice Hall, Toronto 2010 (zusammen mit Bob Sherrin)

Auszeichnungen
 1989: Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize für Mimosa

Weblinks
 Schermbrucker, Bill
 Bill Schermbrucker, 1938-2019

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Roman, Epik
Kurzgeschichte
Literaturwissenschaftler
Literaturkritiker
Literatur (Englisch)
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Kanadische Literatur
Hochschullehrer (University of British Columbia)
Kanadier
Geboren 1938
Gestorben 2019
Mann

Bill Schermbrucker


Accelerando (2005, de Charles Stross) este o colecție de trei povestiri științifico-fantastice interconectate adunate într-un roman. Romanul Accelerando a fost nominalizat la Premiul Hugo pentru cel mai bun roman și Premiul Arthur C. Clarke și a câștigat Premiul Locus pentru cel mai bun roman științifico-fantastic în 2006. A fost publicat de editurile Orbit (Regatul Unit) și Ace (Statele Unite) la  5 iulie 2005. Este disponibil și online sub licență CC BY-NC-ND.

Titlu
În limba italiană, accelerando înseamnă "accelerație" și este folosit ca un indicator de ritm în notația muzicală. Ar putea, de asemenea, să se refere la accelerarea pe care omenirea în general, societatea, precum și personajele romanului o suferă după singularitatea tehnologică. Termenul a fost folosit anterior și în același mod de către Kim Stanley Robinson în Trilogia Marte.

Prezentare

O colecție de povestiri scurte, asamblate ca un roman, care prezintă viața unui bărbat și a fiicei sale atât înainte cât și după singularitatea tehnologică.

Povestiri
 Slow Takeoff
 Point of Inflection
 Singularity

Personaje

Note

Bibliografie

Legături externe
Site-ul oficial

 Accelerando Technical Companion (on wikibooks)
 SciFi.com interview.
 Audio review and discussion of Accelerando at The Science Fiction Book Review Podcast
 Accelerando at Worlds Without End

Vezi și
2005 în literatură
Realitatea simulată în ficțiune
Paradoxul lui Fermi în ficțiune

Cărți din 2005
Colecții de povestiri științifico-fantastice
Romane de Charles Stross
Romane științifico-fantastice
2005 în științifico-fantastic

Accelerando


Wilczany () ist ein kleines Dorf in der polnischen Woiwodschaft Ermland-Masuren. Es gehört zur Landgemeinde Iława im Powiat Iławski (Deutsch Eylau).

Geographische Lage
Das Dorf  liegt im historischen Westpreußen im Süden der Eylauer Seenplatte, 23 Kilometer östlich von  Rosenberg in Westpreußen  (Susz) und zehn Kilometer nordöstlich von Deutsch Eylau (Iława).

Geschichte
Das bis 1945 Wolfsdorf (um 1785 auch: Wolfsdorff) genannte Dorf bestand damals lediglich aus ein paar kleinen Gehöften. Am 9. Mai 1874 wurde Wolfsdorf in den damals neugebildeten Amtsbezirk Tillwalde (heute polnisch: Tywałd) eingegliedert und gehörte zum Kreis Rosenberg in Westpreußen (bis 1920 im Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder, 1920 bis 1939 Regierungsbezirk Westpreußen, 1939 bis 1945 Reichsgau Danzig-Westpreußen) in der preußischen Provinz Westpreußen, ab 1920 Provinz Ostpreußen.

Im Jahre 1910 lebten in Wolfsdorf 77 Einwohner, im Jahre 1925 waren es 79.

Aufgrund der Bestimmungen des Versailler Vertrags stimmte die Bevölkerung im Abstimmungsgebiet Marienwerder, zu dem Wolfsdorf gehörte, am 11. Juli 1920 über die weitere staatliche Zugehörigkeit zu Ostpreußen (und damit zu Deutschland) oder den Anschluss an Polen ab. In Wolfsdorf stimmten 46 Einwohner für den Verbleib bei Ostpreußen, auf Polen entfielen keine Stimmen.

Am 1. April 1934 verlor Wolfsdorf seine Selbständigkeit und wurde in die Landgemeinde Tillwalde eingemeindet.

Gegen Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs wurde die Region im Frühjahr 1945 von der Roten Armee besetzt. Nach Kriegsende wurde Wolfsdorf  unter der Ortsbezeichnung Wilczany im Sommer 1945 gemäß dem Potsdamer Abkommen zusammen mit der südlichen Hälfte Ostpreußens zum Bestandteil der Volksrepublik Polen. Soweit die Dorfbewohner nicht geflohen waren, wurden sie in der Folgezeit aus Wolfsdorf vertrieben.

Das Dorf  ist heute in die Landgemeinde Iława innerhalb des Powiat Iławski in der Woiwodschaft Ermland-Masuren (1975 bis 1998 Woiwodschaft Olsztyn) eingegliedert.

Kirche
Vor 1945 war der überwiegende Teil der Bevölkerung Wolfsdorfs evangelischer Konfession. Wolfsdorf war in das Kirchspiel Raudnitz–Frödenau (Rudzienice–Frednowy) eingepfarrt und gehörte zum Kirchenkreis Rosenberg in Westpreußen in der Kirchenprovinz Westpreußen, nach 1922 Kirchenprovinz Ostpreußen, der Kirche der Altpreußischen Union.

Seit 1945 lebt in der Ortschaft eine fast ausnahmslos katholische Einwohnerschaft. Sie gehört zur Pfarrei in Rudzienice (Raudnitz) im Dekanat Iława-Wschód (Deutsch Eylau-Ost) im Bistum Elbląg (Elbing) der Katholischen Kirche in Polen. Hier lebende evangelische Kirchenglieder sind in die Kirchengemeinde Iława eingegliedert, die eine Filialgemeinde der Pfarrei in Ostróda (Osterode in Ostpreußen) ist und zur Diözese Masuren der Evangelisch-Augsburgischen Kirche in Polen gehört.

Verkehr
Der Ort ist über Frednowy (Frödenau) an der  Landesstraße 16 (Dolna Grupa (Niedergruppe)–Grudziądz (Graudenz) – Iława – Ostróda (Osterode in Ostpreußen) – Ogrodniki zur Weiterfahrt nach Litauen) zu erreichen.

Die nächste Bahnstation ist Rudzienice Suskie (Raudnitz) an der Bahnstrecke Toruń–Tschernjachowsk (Thorn –  Insterburg).

Einzelnachweise

Ort der Woiwodschaft Ermland-Masuren
Gmina Iława

Wilczany


Eugeniu Niechi (n. secolul al XIX-lea, comuna Virtiș, comitatul Bihor – d. 1940) a fost un delegat în Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, organismul legislativ reprezentativ al "tuturor românilor din Transilvania, Banat și Țara Ungurească", cel care a adoptat hotărârea privind Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, la 1 decembrie 1918.

Biografie
Eugeniu Niechi (Eugen Nichi) a fost un avocat și activist român.
A studiat la Liceul din Beiuș și a urmat cursurile Facultății de drept de la Oradea. După finalizarea studiilor a practicat avocatura în Beiuș. Eugeniu Niechi face parte dintr-o veche familie românească, Nichi de Preluca din Medieșul-Aurit, înnobilată la 1629 pentru merite militare. A susținut lupta de emancipare a românilor, fiind activ în domeniul administrației primăriei Beiuș, după Marea Unire este decorat cu ordinul Coroana României în grad de ofițer.
A luat parte la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 18 noiembrie/ 1 decembrie 1918, unde a votat Marea Unire.
A fost un apropiat al doctorului Ioan Ciordaș.

Note

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nașteri în secolul al XIX-lea
Decese în 1940
Avocați români
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Oameni din județul interbelic Bihor
Români din Austro-Ungaria
Decorați cu Ordinul Coroana României

Eugeniu Niechi


El término toca puede referirse, en esta enciclopedia:

 a una toca, una prenda de vestir alrededor del cuello y debajo del mentón, que por lo general cubre la cabeza;
 a Toca, un municipio colombiano ubicado en la provincia del Centro en el departamento de Boyacá;
 en Derecho mexicano, a toca, el expediente de un juicio que se lleva a tribunales para su apelación o revisión.

Véase también
 Sánchez de Toca

Toca (desambiguación)


O Campeonato Carioca de Futebol de 2023 – Série C é a 3ª edição da Quinta Divisão do futebol no Rio de Janeiro. A competição, que é anualmente realizada pela Federação de Futebol do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, conta com a participação de 22 clubes e teve seu início a partir do dia 7 de maio.

Regulamento
Na Primeira Fase, os 22 clubes serão separados em 2 grupos com 11 clubes cada, onde os clubes do Grupo A jogarão contra os clubes do Grupo B, em jogos somente de ida. Ao final dessa fase, os 4 melhores colocados de cada grupo se classificam para as Quartas de Final.

O clube que garantir a melhor campanha na primeira fase, será declarado campeão da Taça Waldyr Amaral.

Nas Quartas de Final, as equipes classificadas enfrentarão nas suas chaves as equipes do próprio grupo, e irão fazendo seus confrontos até se conhecer os finalistas. Os finalistas da competição garantirão o acesso para a Série B2 de 2023.

Equipes participantes

Primeira fase

Grupo A

Atualizado até os jogos do dia 25 de junho. Fonte:

Grupo B

Paraty foi punido com a perda de 4 pontos por escalação irregular.
Atualizado até os jogos do dia 25 de junho. Fonte:

Premiação

Fase final
Em itálico, os clubes que jogarão na condição de mandante o jogo de ida. Em negrito, os classificados.

Juventus foi punido com a eliminação do campeonato por escalação irregular.

Premiação

Estatísticas

Artilharia

Ver também
 Campeonato Carioca de Futebol de 2023
 Campeonato Carioca de Futebol de 2023 - Série A2
 Campeonato Carioca de Futebol de 2023 - Série B1
 Campeonato Carioca de Futebol de 2023 - Série B2

Campeonato Carioca de Futebol de 2023
Futebol de 2023 no Rio de Janeiro

Campeonato Carioca de Futebol de 2023 - Série C