Olaylar
 Teorik olarak Halley kuyruklu yıldızı, Dünya'nın yakınından geçti (önceki: 1301-1302 ; sonraki : 1456).
 Avignon Papalığı dönemi sona erdi.
 Raseborg Kalesi kuruldu.

Doğumlar
 16 Ağustos - İmparator Hongxi, Çin'in Ming Hanedanı'nın dördüncü imparatoru (ö. 1425)
 31 Aralık - III. Callixtus, papa (ö. 1458)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Lorenzo Ghiberti, Rönesans öncesi dönemde heykel ve metal çalışmaları ile bilinen İtalyan sanatçı (ö. 1455)
 Zhou Man, Çinli amiral ve kaşif

Ölümler
 27 Mart - XI. Gregorius, papa (d. y. 1329)
 29 Kasım - IV. Karl, onbirinci Bohemya kralı, Lüksemburg Hanedanı'ndan Kutsal Roma İmparatoru (d. 1316)

1378


Catherine Mary Ann Adamson (născută Friend, ) a fost o gospodină și diaristă din Noua Zeelandă. S-a născut în Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia, pe data de 13 octombrie 1868.

A murit în Hokitika în 1925 și a fost îngropată în cimitirul Whataroa.

Referințe

Nașteri în 1868
Decese în 1925
Scriitori neozeelandezi

Catherine Mary Ann Adamson


John David Pugh (born 28 June 1948) is a British Liberal Democrat politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Southport from 2001 to 2017. He stood down at the 2017 snap election. In November 2017, he was elected to Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council as a councillor for Duke's Ward.

Early life and career
Pugh was educated at Prescot Grammar School and Maidstone Grammar School. He graduated from Durham University, attending St Cuthbert's Society, where he studied Philosophy.

Formerly a religious studies teacher and Head of Philosophy and Religious Studies at Merchant Taylors' School, Crosby, Pugh has lived in Southport since 1974. He also taught at Salesian College (later Savio High School) in Bootle.

Pugh joined the Liberal Party in 1977. Pugh served on Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council, representing Birkdale, from 1987 until his election to Parliament. At the time of his election, Pugh was leader of the council (from 1992), and of the Sefton Liberal Democrats.

Parliamentary career

First elected to the House of Commons in the 2001 general election, in his first parliamentary term, Pugh served on the Transport, Local Government and Regions Select Committee and was Liberal Democrat education spokesperson with responsibility for schools. Following his re-election to Parliament in 2005, he served as shadow spokesperson for Transport and Health, and, subsequent to the election of Nick Clegg as party leader worked with Vince Cable as Shadow Treasury spokesperson. In the 2007 leadership election, Pugh supported Clegg in preference to Chris Huhne.

With the formation of the coalition government in 2010 he was appointed as Co-Chair of the Liberal Democrat Parliamentary Committee for Health and Social Care, a position he relinquished at the end of 2013 to focus on producing a report examining the social and economic issues facing the North.

In his party's 2015 leadership election, John Pugh supported Tim Farron in preference to Norman Lamb.

In December 2015, Pugh voted to extend the bombing of ISIL targets in Iraq to Syria.

On 19 April 2017, Pugh announced that he would not be standing in the 2017 general election.

Campaign interests
Amongst Pugh's campaigning interests was public sector IT, specifically around the role Open Source Software might play. Pugh has argued that the public sector could reduce costs by increasing use of Open Source Software and has accused the BBC of effectively giving Microsoft illegal state aid in only making their iPlayer download service available on Windows computers (at the time).

Pugh has interests in mental health policy. In October 2009, Pugh introduced a private members' bill under the 10-minute rule calling for more local control over the NHS.

Locally in Southport, Pugh was interested in saving local pubs, and also in the drinking culture of the UK. Pugh saw cheap alcohol deals in supermarkets as one of the major problems causing pub closures, and fuelling the culture. He also took the fight for Local Post Offices to 10 Downing Street.

In Transport, Pugh had long campaigned for the reinstatement of the Burscough Curves, and worked with local groups such as the Ormskirk, Preston and Southport Travellers' Association (OPSTA) and the Southport Rail Transport Forum (SRTF) to save services from  to

Pugh supports Amnesty International, with whom he is reported to have had close ties with the Formby & Southport Group over a number of years.

In 2013, he became one of only four Liberal Democrat MPs to vote against the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill.

Personal life
He is married to Annette with three daughters and a son. He moved to Southport in 1974.

Pugh's interests include philosophy, computers, weight-lifting and supporting Liverpool F.C.

Roles in parliament
2010– Co-Chair of the Liberal Democrat Parliamentary Committee for Health and Social Care
2008–10 Shadow Treasury Spokesperson
2006–07 Shadow Health spokesperson
2005–06 Shadow Transport spokesperson,
2002–05 Shadow Ministerial Spokesman, Education

References

External links
John Pugh MP official constituency website

John Pugh MP at Open Rights Group
Diary of John Pugh MP at Southport.gb.com

1948 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Nottingham
Liberal Democrats (UK) MPs for English constituencies
People educated at Maidstone Grammar School
Politicians from Liverpool
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
Alumni of St Cuthbert's Society, Durham
People educated at Prescot Grammar School
Liberal Democrats (UK) councillors
Leaders of local authorities of England

John Pugh


The Institute of Technology, Carlow (IT Carlow; ) was an institute of technology, located in Carlow, Ireland. The institute had campuses in Carlow, Wexford, and Wicklow, as well as a part-time provision elsewhere in Ireland. Along with the Waterford Institute of Technology, the institute was dissolved on 1 May 2022 and was succeeded by the South East Technological University.

Administration
Patricia Mulcachy was appointed president of the college in 2012, succeeding Dr Ruaidhrí Neavyn who became president of WIT. John Gallagher served as the first Principal of Carlow RTC and subsequently held the post of director of the IT Carlow.

Recognition

Institute of Technology Carlow had ranked as the second-largest of Ireland's 14 Institutes of Technology with more than 8,448 enrolments and 851 staff, and has generated over 55,000 graduates since its founding in 1970. Institute of Technology Carlow provides higher educational programmes, and research and enterprise development opportunities, through its centres in Carlow, Wexford, and Wicklow; the institute offers more than 80 taught programmes to Level 9 on the National Framework of Qualifications (NFQ). Institute of Technology Carlow has the highest percentage of full-time postgraduates in the technological sector, the highest undergraduate progression rate at Level 8 in the higher education sector and the highest percentage of Lifelong Learners in the sector.

The presence of the institute was a consideration in the decision of UNUM (strategic software services centre, 2008) and Merck Sharp & Dohme (human vaccines and biologics, 2007) to locate in Carlow.

In 2014, IT Carlow was named the Sunday Times Institute of Technology of the Year.

Courses
IT Carlow provides higher educational full-time courses, along with research and enterprise development opportunities, through its centres in Carlow and Wexford. The institute also provides part-time courses in Carlow, Wexford, Wicklow and Dublin.

In addition, IT Carlow has educational and research partnerships and collaborations with national and international industries and higher educational institutions in Europe.

Third-level courses
IT Carlow has a portfolio of almost 100 Masters, Honours & Ordinary Degree and Higher Certificate courses delivered by 9 different departments and campuses.

In addition to its traditional degree courses, IT Carlow also provides niche courses. The institute was awarded the Aviation Academic Education Award at the Irish Aviation Industry Awards in 2015. In 2015, IT Carlow launched its €5.5million Centre for Aerospace Engineering, comprising an avionics workshop and fleet of aircraft inside its own hangar. It Carlow offers degree courses in aerospace engineering and pilot studies, while its BEng in Aircraft Systems is the only one of its kind in Ireland.

IT Carlow's degree courses in Sport & Exercise, delivered in partnership with the Football Association of Ireland (FAI), Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) and Leinster Rugby Club. Other sports degree and masters courses include Sports Rehabilitation and Athletic Therapy, Strength & Conditioning and Sports Management & Coaching.

Learner profile
With a student population of 7,000 (2015/16), IT Carlow has a portfolio of over 80 taught courses to Level 8 on the NFQ, seven taught courses to Level 9 on the NFQ, a research portfolio to Doctoral level (Level 10 NFQ) in the Sciences and Technology, and a research platform in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences.

Having trained almost 45,000 graduates to date, IT Carlow's current student population comprises leaving certificate entrants, a European and international student body, an increasing proportion of mature students and learners from disadvantaged backgrounds, as well as a number of part-time learners (approximately 33% of the total IT Carlow WTE).

Research, Development and Innovation (RDI)
Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) programmes at IT Carlow had been variously funded by the Department of Agriculture Ireland, the European INTERREG Programme, the Higher Education Authority (HEA) PRTLI, the HEA Strategic Innovation Fund (SIF), EU Framework Programmes, Industry, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Irish Research Council for Science Engineering & Technology (IRCSET), the Technological Sector Research Programme (TSR, Department of Education and Science Ireland), Enterprise Ireland and Science Foundation Ireland. The institute has a strategic collaborative relationship with Teagasc Oak Park Research Centre Carlow.

The institute's RDI activities are supported by various campus-based specialist centres and campus companies, which include the Campus Innovation Centre and the Enterprise & Research Incubation Centre and, in particular, its research facility, the Dargan Centre.  It is home to the following research areas:

 Bioenvironmental technologies (enviroCORE);
 Product design and innovation (designCORE);
 Interactive applications software and networks (gameCORE);
 Health sciences, including Europe's only dedicated Men's Health Research Centre.
 Humanities (socialCORE)

Partnerships and internationalisation
IT Carlow's work with other organisations had included:

 The joint delivery of programmes with the Defence Forces in Leadership, Management, Engineering and Computing up to and including Masters level.
 The BA in Sport and Exercise delivered by IT Carlow in co-operation with Leinster Rugby and Irish Rugby Football Union, the Football Association of Ireland and the Gaelic Athletic Association.
 IT Carlow and An Cosán collaboratively provide the BA in Leadership and Community Development in An Cosán facilities in Tallaght, Dublin.
 In February 2011 IT Carlow established the ICT Research centre in Burrell's Hall, St. Kierans College, Kilkenny, this is a partnership between Kilkenny County Council (Invest Kilkenny), and WIT(Telecommunications Software and Systems Group).

IT Carlow had educational and research partnerships with national and international industries and higher educational institutions in Europe. These have included:

 76 European partner institutions (across 17 countries).
 The delivery of IT Carlow-accredited computing programmes in Henan University of Economics and Law, PR China.
 Other transnational collaborations which include dedicated feeder, progression or recognition arrangements, and exchange programmes with the following institutions: Guilin University of Electronic Technology, China; Louyang University of Finance & Economics, China; Dong-A University, South Korea; Chung-Ang University, South Korea; Inha University, South Korea; UTHM, Malaysia; Nilai University, Malaysia; UMP, Malaysia; Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore; St. Ambrose University, USA; Nova Scotia Community College, Canada; College of the North Atlantic, Newfoundland; University of Pristina, Kosovo; Université de La Rochelle, France; Makerere University, Uganda.

Non-national full-time students currently account for almost 10% of the institute's full-time student population, divided between EU and non-EU nationalities.

Technological University for the South East

The institute has been planning a joint application with Waterford IT for the formation of a technological university for the south east region since the mid-2010s. A vision document, "Technological University for the South East" (TUSE) was published in 2015, and a memorandum of understanding was signed in 2017. At the launch of TU Dublin in July 2018, the Taoiseach expressed regret that this TUSE bid had not progressed sufficiently following the "Technological Universities Act 2018".

A formal application for TU status is expected in .

Approval was announced in November 2021, and the TU will be formally established in .

Alumni and staff
 Megan Campbell – Republic of Ireland women's football international player.
 John Meyler, lecturer involved in hurling
 Mark Wall, Labour Party senator

See also
 Education in the Republic of Ireland
 Third-level education in the Republic of Ireland
 St. Patricks, Carlow College

References

External links

Carlow
Buildings and structures in Carlow (town)
Educational institutions established in 1970
Education in Carlow (town)
Science and technology in the Republic of Ireland
Carlow
Institutes of technology in the Republic of Ireland

Institute of Technology, Carlow


Sjekirica (lat. Securigera), rod jednogodišnjeg raslinja iz porodice lepirnjača (Fabaceae). Postoji desetak vrsta, a tri rastu i u Hrvatskoj: sredozemna sjekirica (S. securidaca); S. elegans, koju je prvi opisao Pančić kao Coronilla elegans, svrstavši je u rod šibika ili grašar (Coronilla); i krunica sitnocvjetna (S. cretica).

Otrovna vrsta promjenjivi grašar, šareni ili raznobojni grašar (sin. Coronilla varia), također spada u sjekirice, a njezin znanstveni naziv je Securigera varia. Ime joj je ostalo također zbog pogrešne klasifikacije pripadnosti rodu, a prvi ju je opisao L., a Per Lassen ju je 1989 konačno smjestio u sjekirice.

Vrste
 Securigera atlantica Boiss. & Reut.
 Securigera balansae (Boiss.) Czerep.
 Securigera carinata Lassen
 Securigera charadzeae (Chinth. & Chukhr.) Czerep.
 Securigera cretica (L.) Lassen
 Securigera elegans (Pancic) Lassen
 Securigera globosa (Lam.) Lassen
 Securigera grandiflora Lassen
 Securigera libanotica (Boiss.) Lassen
 Securigera orientalis (Mill.) Lassen
 Securigera parviflora (Desv.) Lassen
 Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen & Dörfl.
 Securigera somalensis (Thulin) Lassen
 Securigera varia (L.) Lassen

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Loteae

Sjekirica


Eskil Edh, né le  en Norvège, est un footballeur norvégien qui évolue au poste d'arrière droit au Lillestrøm SK.

Biographie

En club
Eskil Edh est formé par le Lillestrøm SK, où il fait ses débuts en deuxième division norvégienne. Il joue son premier match en professionnel dans cette compétition, le , lors de la saison 2020 face au Kongsvinger IL. Il entre en jeu à la place de  et son équipe l'emporte par deux buts à zéro. Il signe son premier contrat professionnel le , à l'âge de 18 ans, le liant au club jusqu'en 2023.

Il découvre la première division lors de la saison 2021. Il joue son premier match dans l'élite le , face au Viking FK. Il entre en jeu à la place de Lars Ranger et son équipe s'incline par trois buts à un. Il inscrit son premier but en professionnel le 5 décembre 2021, lors de l'avant-dernière journée de la saison, contre le Molde FK. Les deux équipes se neutralisent ce jour-là (3-3 score final).

Le 14 février 2022, Edh prolonge con contrat jusqu'en 2024 avec le Lillestrøm SK.

En équipe nationale
Eskil Edh joue son premier match avec l'équipe de Norvège espoirs face à l'Azerbaïdjan le . Il entre en jeu à la place de Sebastian Sebulonsen et son équipe l'emporte par deux buts à un.

Références

Liens externes

Footballeur norvégien
Joueur du Lillestrøm SK
Naissance en août 2002
Naissance en Norvège

Eskil Edh


Argentina, 1985  é um filme argentino de 2022 dirigido e coescrito por Santiago Mitre. Está protagonizado por Ricardo Darín e Peter Lanzani.

O filme teve sua estreia mundial na 79° edição do Festival Internacional de Cinema de Veneza, onde competiu na secção oficial em concorrência pelo Leão de Ouro ao melhor filme, junto a outros 22 candidatos de todo mundo.

Além da sede na Argentina, a companhia produtora do filme também tem sede nos Estados Unidos e no Reino Unido, por isso os créditos para os três países.

Contexto histórico
O Julgamento das Juntas Militares (ou Julgamento das Juntas como lho conhece historicamente) foi o primeiro julgamento no mundo por um tribunal civil contra comandantes militares que tinham estado no poder. Depois de assumir a Presidência da Nação, Raúl Alfonsín assinou em 13 de dezembro de 1983 o decreto 158 que dava pé ao começo do processo judicial. Dois dias depois, instituía-se a Comissão Nacional sobre o Desaparecimento de Pessoas (CONADEP).

O julgamento começou em 22 de abril de 1985 e as audiências duraram até agosto de 1985. Em cerca de 530 horas de audiências, 839 testemunhas testemunharam no chamado "causa 13". O tribunal esteve integrado pelos juízes León Arslanian, Ricardo Gil Lavedra, Jorge Torlasco, Andrés D'Alessio, Guillermo Ledesma e Jorge Valerga Aráoz. O promotor foi Julio César Strassera, e seu adjunto Luis Gabriel Moreno Ocampo. Os letrados usaram como base probatória o relatório "Nunca mais", realizado pela CONADEP.

A Câmara Federal finalmente ditou sentença por 709 casos onde foram condenados Jorge Rafael Videla e Emilio Massera à reclusão perpétua; Orlando Ramón Agosti a quatro anos e seis meses de prisão; Roberto Eduardo Viola a 17 anos de prisão; e Armando Lambruschini à pena de oito anos de prisão.

Sinopse
O filme está inspirado na história, real, de Julio Strassera e Luis Moreno Ocampo.

No filme retrocede-se até o ano 1985, quando dois promotores começam a pesquisar e julgar à cabeças da ditadura militar argentina. No filme, Strassera e Ocampo enfrentam-se à influência das pressões políticas e militares e reúnem a uma equipa legal de advogados para levar a cabo o julgamento das juntas.

Elenco

Prêmios e nominações

Filmes da Argentina de 2022
Filmes de suspense da Argentina
Filmes do Reino Unido de 2022
Filmes de suspense do Reino Unido
Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 2022
Filmes de suspense dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de suspense da década de 2020
Filmes em língua espanhola
Filmes sobre a Guerra Suja na Argentina
Filmes ambientados em Buenos Aires
Filmes ambientados em 1984
Filmes ambientados em 1985
Filmes premiados com o Globo de Ouro de melhor filme em língua estrangeira

Argentina, 1985


Summit County is the name of three counties in the United States:

Summit County, Colorado
Summit County, Ohio
Summit County, Utah

Summit County


USA Pro (Cycling) Challenge var et amerikansk etapeløb i landevejscykling, som for første gang blev arrangeret i 2011. Løbet havde status som 2.HC, som betød at optil 80% af holdene som deltog kunne være ProTeams. Desuden kunne professionelle kontinentalhold og kontinentalhold fra USA deltage. Etaperne foregik i Colorado i stor højde og var generelt set hårde.

Efter 2015 er løbet ikke arrangeret.

Vindere

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Cykelløb i USA
Sport i Colorado
Etableret i 2011

USA Pro Challenge


The British Rail Class 02 are a class of twenty 0-4-0 diesel-hydraulic shunting locomotives built by the Yorkshire Engine Company in 1960 (first ten, D2850-D2859) and 1961 (D2860-D2869) for service in areas of restricted loading gauge and curvature such as docks. They had the door to the cab at the rear, with a railed veranda behind the cab; this feature was very unusual on British Rail locomotives, although it was used on many Yorkshire Engine Co. designs and is quite normal in North American practice.

Operation

Initial deliveries were to Bank Hall shed in Liverpool and most were allocated to depots around Liverpool or Manchester.

Withdrawal
With the changes in the role of the British railway system and the closing of many of the facilities in which the Class 02 locomotives worked, they were increasingly surplus to requirements. The first locomotives were withdrawn in December 1969 from the Preston division of the Midland Region and by the end of 1971 there were only four left in service with British Rail. Of these, three survived long enough to enter the BR Total Operations Processing System computer system: 02001 (formerly D2851), 02003 (D2853), and 02004 (D2856), and all three were withdrawn in June 1975 from Allerton TMD. Being between nine and fourteen years old when withdrawn, they were still capable of work, and eleven were sold to private industry, with the remaining nine being scrapped.

Fleet list

Service with British Railways
Many of the locomotives were based in the Liverpool area, serving places like Bank Hall Shed, Allerton TMD, Liverpool Exchange and Garston Dock. Others went to Lostock Shed in Preston or Patricroft Yard near Manchester.

D2850
D2850 was a very short lived shunter, working for just ten years from 1960 to 1970. After leaving Bank Hall Shed, D2850 was transferred to Allerton TMD, where it spent the rest of its service. It was scrapped shortly after.

D2851 or 02001
D2851 was one of three locomotives that survived long enough to enter TOPS, spending nearly its entire life at Allerton Depot before it was withdrawn in 1975 and scrapped shortly afterwards. Even as late as 1973, the locomotive still carried its old number. Due to its short lifespan, there are few reported sightings of this locomotive.

D2852
D2852 survived in BR service longer than most other locomotives in this class and was allocated the TOPS number 02002, but never carried it. After leaving Bank Hall Shed, the locomotive was transferred to Speke Junction in 1966, and worked at Liverpool's Alexandra Dock during its time there. However, the locomotive was moved to Allerton Depot two years later. While in its early years, still in Bank Hall Shed, the units worked mostly the Great Howard Street Goods Yard. Despite its allocations, the unit was occasionally moved to Liverpool Brunswick Dock. While in Allerton Depot, it frequently worked alongside the aforementioned D2851 prior to receiving its TOPS number. D2852 was withdrawn in October 1973, and was scrapped on site by Avon Transmissions on the first of March 1976.

D2853 or 02003
D2853 was given the works number 2812 when first built. It entered service in October 1960, and after leaving Bank Hall Shed it worked the Liverpool Docks until it was then transferred to Speke Junction. Despite being transferred to the Docks, it was still officially allocated to Bank Hall Shed. The locomotive was present on the Derby Works Open Day on 31 August 1968. Also in 1968, the unit was transferred from Speke Junction to Allerton TMD with D2852, where it would spend the rest of its BR life working. It was also seen moving goods around the area of Allerton, at Liverpool Exchange in 1973, and in Garston docks in 1975. In 1974, the unit began carrying its new TOPS number, 02003. However, that number didn't last long, as the unit was withdrawn in June 1975. Its last years were spent working with D2851, D2852 and D2856. Following withdrawal, it was sold to LCP Fuels of Pensnett near Birmingham.

D2854
After Leaving Bank Hall Shed, D2854 stayed in the Liverpool area, but was withdrawn shortly after in 1970 and sold to C F Booth of Rotherham.

D2855
D2855 entered service in Bank Hall Shed in November 1960 and was a very short lived locomotive. It was moved to Arpley Yard in Warrington towards the end of its life in the late 1960s before being scrapped on 1 June 1970.

D2856 or 02004
D2856 was one of three units to survive long enough to carry a TOPS number. It left Bank Hall Shed in October 1966 and was transferred to Speke Junction and then to Allerton Depot in May 1968. It worked there alongside the other units that survived long enough to enter TOPS until the last three units were withdrawn in June 1975. In 1974, however, the unit was briefly used in Liverpool Exchange. D2856 was stripped for spares in September 1975, with the engine compartment being destroyed in the process, and the rest of the locomotive was scrapped the following month. Before withdrawal and carrying its new number, 02004 worked briefly at Bank Hall Shed once again.

D2857
D2857 was given the works number 2816, and like many others of the class worked in only Merseyside under British Rail starting in Bank Hall Shed in December 1960. It then found itself in the Great Howard Street Goods Yard, then Liverpool Exchange, Speke Junction and finally Allerton Depot, where it resided until April 1971. It was then sold to Lowton Metals Ltd. in Haydock.

D2858
D2858 originally worked in Newton Heath until 1970, when it was permanently withdrawn and then was sold over to ICI Fertilisers in Widnes, who painted the engine red.

D2859
D2859 was given the works number 2825. It was allocated to Burton shed in December 1960 and stayed there until December 1964. It was replaced by Class 03 D2384, which was itself transferred in October 1967. It also worked around the Workington area before being left to rust at the seaside for a number of years prior to scrapping.

D2860

D2860 was withdrawn in 1970, and four years later was picked for use in the National Railway Museum as a shunting locomotive, where it still resides today and is labelled as preserved.

D2861
D2861 left bank hall shed and was moved briefly to Horwich works in 1963, but was soon after brought to Preston where it worked until December 1969, when it was one of the first five locomotives of the class to be withdrawn. It was scrapped shortly afterwards. Within Preston, it was stored in Lostock Shed. Its number was commonly placed on Class 02 Model trains.

D2862
D2862, after leaving Bank hall shed, was moved to Preston at Lostock shed in 1964 and was one of the first five members of the class to be withdrawn in December 1969. It was sold to NCB afterwards to work on various collieries.

D2863
D2863 operated in the same areas as D2862 until withdrawal 1969 after which it was scrapped.

D2864
D2864 left Bank Hall shed and was sent slightly east to Patricroft Yard, but then was moved to Newton heath where it was stored alongside D2869. It was eventually scrapped in 1970.

D2865
D2865 left Bank Hall shed and worked in Warrington before being withdrawn, having been in service only nine years at the time. It was sold into industrial use at Blue Circle Industries Ltd., Kilverington Gypsum Works.

D2866
D2866 lived a short, unknown BR life and was withdrawn in 1970, and was sold to Arnott Young & Co. in Dalmuir yard.

D2867
D2867 was given the works number 2850. It left Bank Hall shed in 1963 and went to Newton Heath. The following year it was transferred to Fleetwood, and then Lostock Hall the year after that. In 1966, it was moved to Speke Junction and then in 1968 moved again to Allerton Depot, where it was withdrawn in 1970 and was sold to Redland Roadstone Ltd. in Barrow upon Soar. During its BR life it was once transported to Mountsorrel.

D2868
D2868 was allocated to Bank Hall shed for the first three years of its life, but spent much of its time working in other areas, such as the Great Howard Street Goods Yard, Liverpool Exchange, Redfern Street Sidings and Garston Dock, all of which are in the Merseyside area where most members of the class worked. In August 1964, it was transferred to Fleetwood where it would work alongside D2867. It was quickly transferred to Lostock Hall one month later. It was one the first five members of the class to be withdrawn, and due to still being in good condition was sold to L.C.P. Fuel Co., Pensnett Trading Estate, Shut End, as 02003 was. While in Lostock Hall, the unit often worked in Greenbank Sidings.

D2869
D2869 was given the works number 2852 and was the last locomotive in the class to be built and only worked eight years, leaving Bank Hall shed for Lostock Hall before withdrawal, being moved to Newton Heath for storage before ultimately being scrapped by T W Ward at Beighton, Sheffield in August 1971.

Industrial use
Eight withdrawn locomotives were sold into industrial use in a large variety of locations.

02003 or Peter
02003 was sold to LCP Fuels of Pensnett/Brierley Hill in the West Midlands, being renamed Peter. It began operations in 1976, and spent most of its time in small enclosures with tight turns hauling small industrial goods, but in 1980, 02003 was seen working with Class 25 unit 25 273 in the main Pensnett yard working with coke hoppers and larger wagons. It spent its life there until 1997, when it was acquired by the South Yorkshire Preservation Society.

D2854
D2854 was purchased in 1971 by the C F Booth Scrapyard of Rotherham for use there. By 1985, much of the exterior of the unit had been cut up and one could see through one end of the locomotive to the other, likely for maintenance. In 1989, the locomotive was sold to the South Yorkshire Railway (now the Heritage Shunters Trust) for preservation, where it still resides.

D2857
D2857 operated as a scrapyard shunter in Bird Group's scrapyard in Long Marston, where it worked for over a decade before being stored, after which its condition deteriorated. It was stored alongside an ex-GWR iron tool van until 1992, when it was finally scrapped.

D2858
D2858 worked in ICI Fertilisers in Widnes until the 1980s, when the factory was closed. It was then sold to Lowton Metals near Haydock, who overhauled the locomotive, and it worked there until 1988 when it was moved to Ripley and then preserved.

D2862
D2862 was sold to NCB and it worked on the Norton and Holditch Collieries near Stoke-on-Trent. It was painted into a new light blue livery and was ultimately scrapped after withdrawal.

D2865
D2865 was sold to Blue Circle Industries Ltd., Kilverington Gypsum Works where it worked until . It was repainted into a yellow livery.

D2866
D2866 was sold to Arnott Young & Co. in Dalmuir Yard and was repainted into a yellow livery. Over time, it began to rust and was renumbered AY1021, but was eventually sold into preservation.

D2867
D2867 was sold to Redland Roadstone Ltd, in Barrow upon Soar, having previously been on hire to a Welsh cement company while still technically under BR's influence. Redland Roadstone kept the unit until 1995 when it was no longer needed, and sold it to Meadowhall works with hopes that it would be preserved. The unit was painted in Redland Roadstones's typical green livery. D2867 was occasionally used while allocated there, most notably in 1987 when it went to Banbury and Derby. The locomotive was one of three in the class to be given a name, in this case Diane, while in industrial use.

D2868
D2868 was used alongside 02003 at LCP Fuels at Shut End in the West Midlands, and was given the name Sam. It worked there between 1970 and 1987. It was then given to Meadowhall Works for long store. It did much of its work alongside D2853 Peter, but despite being newer was withdrawn before it. Photos show the two locos working in tandem.

Preservation
There are seven locomotives now in preservation, where their small size makes them suitable as workshop shunters or for use in track maintenance work. One (D2860) is the works shunter for the National Railway Museum in York, where it is used to move much larger exhibits around.
 D2853 Peter by Barrow Hill Engine Shed
 D2854 by Heritage Shunters Trust
 D2858 at Midland Railway – Butterley
 D2860 at National Railway Museum, York
 D2866 by Heritage Shunters Trust
 D2867 Diane at Battlefield Line Railway
 D2868 Sam by Barrow Hill Engine Shed

D2853
D2853 was originally sent over to Meadowhall in 1997, before later being transferred to the Rutland Railway Museum and eventually in 2004 to Barrow Hill Engine Shed, where it resides today. The unit is often only posing statically on display however the unit does occasionally move around on its own power, sometimes with other units. In 2006, it was moved to Scunthorpe Steelworks, also known as Appleby Froddingham It was briefly moved back to Barrow Hill on multiple occasions, although it wouldn't be until 2016 when it was finally sent there permanently. The unit was painted in BR Green livery as of 2020.

D2854
D2854 was purchased from C F Booth in 1989 by the Heritage Shunters Trust, and was originally moved to Meadowhall in 1989, where it was overhauled. It was not seen working on Peak Rail until 2003, where it has continually ran there since.

D2858

D2858 was moved to Swanwick Junction in 2002, and in 2004 was repainted into BR Green livery. Since then, D2858 has been preserved in the Midland Railway Centre, and it often runs between Swanwick Junction and Butterley and occasionally further.

D2860

D2860 has resided at the National Railway Museum since shortly after it opened and still works there today. It operates as a shunting locomotive which moves other exhibits around, particularly ones which cannot move on their own power, and it is rarely put on display due to the Class 02 being relatively common in preservation.

D2866
D2866 started its preserved life in Bridge of Dun on the Caledonian Railway and was still carrying its old livery and number. It was eventually moved to Meadowhall for restoration, and eventually made its way to Rowsley on Peak Rail, where it was dismantled to replace broken parts. It now regularly operates there and is in good condition, and has never left Peak Rail since leaving Meadowhall.

D2867
D2867 spent nearly six years in Meadowhall before it was sold to the Battlefield Line Railway in 2001, which is where it resides today. It has, however, been on tour once through Runcorn, Crewe, Nuneaton, Manchester and Warrington. Upon arrival in the Battlefield Line Railway, it was still in its previous industrial livery. The unit has been refurbished by the railway and is in operable condition.

D2868
D2868 was stored in Meadowhall until 2004 when it was sold to Barrow Hill Engine Shed, where it resides today. It travelled to Durham in 2006 and to Widnes in 2007. Between 2008 and 2009 it went on loan to Peak Rail, and again in 2013–2014. Between 2012 and 2016, it went to Manchester and was spotted by Deansgate. After 2016, it went back to Barrow Hill where it still resides, mostly on static display, though it is capable of moving under its own traction.

Technical details
The engine is a Rolls-Royce C6NFL176 6-cyl. in-line connected to a Rolls-Royce series 10,000 three-stage twin-disc torque converter and a manually operated YEC reduction and reversing final drive gearbox. The engine and transmission are mounted at an angle of 30 degrees to the horizontal to allow the overall length and height of the locomotive to be reduced.

Unlike most earlier British Rail shunters, the Class 02s were built with train vacuum brakes.

Industrial locomotives
In addition to these locomotives produced for British Railways, around fifty very similar locomotives (most with diesel-electric transmissions and/or more powerful engines) were produced for industrial customers. Many of these can now be found in preservation as well, since few industrial users have their own railways anymore. Quite a few are painted in fictitious British Railways livery and numbering, such as 02 101.

Model trains
The Class 02 will be available as a model in OO gauge from the Danish manufacturers Heljan, and also available in O gauge. It is available for pre-order from several online stores, multiple colour schemes are available.

References

Further reading

02
YEC locomotives
B locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1960
Standard gauge locomotives of Great Britain
02
Shunting locomotives

British Rail Class 02


Claremont es una mansión de estilo palladiano del  que se encuentra a un kilómetro al sur de Esher, en Surrey, en Inglaterra. Aquí es donde el rey Luis Felipe I de Francia vivió y murió después de la Revolución de 1848.

La mansión Claremont es famosa por sus jardines de estilo inglés, donde intervinieron algunos de los paisajistas más conocidos de la época como Charles Bridgeman, Capability Brown, William Kent y sir John Vanbrugh.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Turner, Roger, Capability Brown and the Eighteenth Century English Landscape, 2nd ed. Phillimore, Chichester, 1999, pp. 115–118.

Enlaces externos

Mansiones de Inglaterra del siglo XVIII
Residencias reales de Inglaterra
Surrey
Edificios listados de Grado I de Inglaterra
Arquitectura de 1774
Arquitectura palladiana en el Reino Unido
Jardines diseñados por Capability Brown
Luis Felipe I de Francia

Claremont House


Rhaeticus ist ein Einschlagkrater auf der Mondvorderseite am südlichen Rand des Sinus Medii, südlich des Kraters Triesnecker.
Der Kraterrand ist stark erodiert, das Innere uneben.

Der Krater wurde 1935 von der IAU nach dem deutschen Mathematiker und Astronomen Georg Joachim Rhaeticus offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 Rhaeticus auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Rhaeticus (Mondkrater)


Gliese 876 d je egzoplanet u orbiti oko zvijezde Gliese 876, za koju se procjenjuje da je udaljena 15,3 svjetlosnih godina. Treći je otkriveni planet u tom sustavu.

Izvori

d

Gliese 876 d


Jonathan Garfinkel (* 1973 in Toronto) ist ein jüdisch-kanadischer Bühnenautor und Buchautor, der besonders mit seinem Stück The Trials of John Demjanjuk: A Holocaust Cabaret (deutsch: Die Demjanjuk-Prozesse) Bekanntheit erlangte.

Leben
Garfinkel stammt aus einem zionistischen Elternhaus und lernte Hebräisch und Jiddisch. Er besuchte die  Bialik Hebrew Day School in Toronto, die er 1987 abschloss. Vom Zionismus löste er sich als Erwachsener. Er arbeitete als Kellner, Tischler und Lehrer für englische Literatur, ehe er sich dem Schreiben widmete.

2005 veröffentlichte er den Lyrikband Glass Psalms. 2007 folgte der autobiografische Band Ambivalence, in dem er die Lösung vom Zionismus beschreibt, die insbesondere durch eine Reise nach Israel ausgelöst wurde. Während seines Aufenthalts besuchte er im Westjordanland Lager palästinensischer Flüchtlinge. Jean Hannah Edelstein urteilte über das Buch im New Statesman: "Dieses Buch ist gleichermaßen schmerzhaft wie schön zu lesen […]".

Über sein Stück Die Demjanjuk-Prozesse, das 2004 in Kanada uraufgeführt und 2010 in Deutschland am Theater Heidelberg von Catja Baumann inszeniert wurde, schrieb Christian Gampert bei Deutschlandradio Kultur: "[…] Jonathan Garfinkel […] nimmt sich die Freiheit zu sagen: Solche Prozesse sind absurd, sie kratzen nur an der Oberfläche. Garfinkel betreibt seine Publikums-Verunsicherung allerdings mit theatralischen Mitteln, die in Deutschland bei diesem Thema neu sind: Verständnis auch für die Täter, bissige Songs, Gerichts-Satire, Holocaust-Witze."

Auch sein Stück House of Many Tongues (deutsch Haus der vielen Zungen) wurde in Deutschland, im Schauspielhaus Bochum, von Kristo Šagor inszeniert. Im Onlineportal DerWesten schrieb Sven Westernströer: "Der Dramatiker ist kanadischer Jude. Das sollte man wissen, um zu verstehen, warum sich Garfinkel in seinem Stück einem hochsensiblen und emotional aufgeladenen Thema wie dem Nahost-Konflikt zwar mit gebotenem Respekt, aber auch mit einer gewissen Distanz und befreienden Ironie nähert. Seine Figuren, ob Israeli oder Palästinenser, sind allesamt Typen, die man gern hat […]".

Als Autor veröffentlicht er außerdem unter anderem in der Jüdischen Allgemeinen, in The Globe and Mail und Walrus. Er lebt in Toronto, Budapest und Berlin.

Garfinkel wurde mehrfach ausgezeichnet. Er erhielt unter anderem  2006 das  Toronto Arts Council Senior Writers Stipendium und 2008 den  K. M. Hunter Award als bester Nachwuchsdramatiker.  2009 erhielt er ein Stipendium der Akademie Schloss Solitude.

Bücher
 Platz der Freiheit. Übersetzt von Henning Ahrens, Rowohlt Berlin, Berlin 2023, ISBN 978-3-7371-0171-4.

Weblinks
 Holocaust-Cabaret, Deutschlandradio Kultur

 Jonathan Garfinkel: Mein Schloss, meine Sauna, meine Steigung. In: Jüdische Allgemeine online vom 18. Dezember 2008

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Literatur (Englisch)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Kanadische Literatur
Drama
Kanadier
Geboren 1973
Mann

Jonathan Garfinkel


Genellikle Russell Mahkemesi olarak anılan Uluslararası Savaş Suçları Mahkemesi İngiliz filozof Bertrand Russell'ın önderliğinde Vietnam'da Amerika Birleşik Devletleri tarafından işlenen savaş suçlarını araştırmak ve dünyaya duyurmak amacı ile kurulmuştur. Mahkeme, 1966'da kurulmuş, oturumları ise 1967 yılında Stokholm ve Kopenhag'da yapılmıştır. 18 ülkeden temsilcilerden oluşan Russel Mahkemesi uluslararası alanda büyük ilgi görmüş ve yankı uyandırmış olmasına karşın Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde önyargılı ve gösteri amaçlı bir oluşum olarak algılanmış ve görmezden gelinmeye çalışılmıştır. Mahkeme üyeleri genellikle sol görüşlü barışseverlerden oluşmaktadır, üyeler arasında bazı Amerikalılar olsa da ne Amerika'nın ne de Vietnam'ın temsilcileri bu oluşumda yer almıştır. Mahkeme'de Vietnamlıların yanı sıra Amerikalı askerlerin de ifadelerinden yararlanılmıştır.

"Bizler yargıç değiliz. Bizler tanığız. Görevimiz insanoğlunun bu korkunç suçların tanıklığını üstlenmesini sağlamak ve insanlığı Vietnam'da adaletin safında birleştirmektir."
Bertrand Russell

Russel Mahkemesi, son oturumu İstanbul'da yapılan Irak Dünya Mahkemesi'ne de esin kaynağı olmuştur.

Mahkeme üyeleri
 Bertrand Russell (Onursal Başkan) - Filozof ve matematikçi
 Jean-Paul Sartre (İdari Başkan) - Filozof
 Vladimir Dedijer (Mahkeme ve oturum başkanı)- Hukuk doktoru ve tarihçi
 Wolfgang Abendroth - Hukuk doktoru ve siyaset bilimi profesörü
 Gunther Anders - Yazar ve filozof
 Mehmet Ali Aybar - Uluslararası avukat ve milletvekili, Türkiye İşçi Partisi başkanı
 James Baldwin - Roman ve deneme yazarı
 Lelio Basso - Uluslararası avukat, İtalya Parlamentosu milletvekili ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Komisyonu üyesi, Roma Üniversitesi'nde profesör, PSIUP (İtalyan Sosyalist Proleter Birlik Partisi) başkanı
 Simone de Beauvoir - Yazar ve filozof
 Lazaro Cardenas - Meksika eski devlet başkanı
 Stokely Carmichael - Barışçıl Öğrenci Koordinasyon Komitesi başkanı
 Lawrence Daly - Büyük Britanya Ulusal Madenciler Sendikası genel sekreteri, sosyalist
 Dave Dellinger- Amerikalı pasifist, Liberation'''ın editörü, 5. Cadde Gösteri Komitesi'' başkanı
 Isaac Deutscher - Tarihçi
 Haika Grossman - Hukukçu, Yahudi özgürlük savaşçısı
 Gisèle Halimi - Paris Barosu avukatı, Djamila Bouhired'in müdafii, Cezayir'deki Fransız baskısına dair eserlerin yazarı
 Amado V. Hernandez - Filipinler'in saray şairi, Demokratik İşçi Partisi Başkanı, Ulusal Filipinli Yazarlar Örgütü fiili başkanı
 Melba Hernandez- Küba, Vietnam'la Dayanışma Komitesi başkanı
 Mahmud Ali Kasuri- Pakistan Ulusal Meclisi'nde milletvekili, Pakistan Yüksek Mahkemesi'nde avukat
 Sara Lidman- Yazar
 Kinju Morikawa - Avukat, Japonya Medeni Haklar Birliği başkan yardımcısı
 Carl Oglesby - Demokratik Toplum İçin Öğrenci Girişimi eski başkanı, oyun yazarı, siyasal makale yazarı
 Shoichi Sakata - Fizik profesörü
 Laurent Schwartz - Matematik profesörü
 Peter Weiss - Oyun yazarı

Mahkemenin ulaştığı sonuçlar
 ABD hükûmeti uluslararası hukuka göre Vietnam'a karşı saldırı suçu işlemiştir.
 ABD hükûmeti ve silahlı kuvvetleri Sivil hedeflere karşı yoğun ve sistemli bombardıman yaptığı için suçlu bulunmuştur.
 Tayland hükûmeti, ABD'nin işlediği saldırı suçuna ortaklık ettiği için suçlu görülmüştür.
 Filipinler hükûmeti, ABD'nin işlediği saldırı suçuna ortaklık ettiği için suçlu görülmüştür.
 Japonya hükûmeti, ABD'nin işlediği saldırı suçuna ortaklık ettiği için oy çokluğu ile suçlu görülmüştür. Kararın aleyhine oy kullanan üyeler Japonya'nın ABD'ye hatırı sayılır yardımı dokunduğunu ancak saldırı suçuna iştirak ettiğini düşünmediklerini belirtmişlerdir.
 ABD hükûmeti uluslararası hukuka göre Laos'a karşı saldırı suçu işlemiştir.
 ABD silahlı kuvvetleri savaş hukukunca yasaklanan silahlar kullanmıştır.
 ABD silahlı kuvvetleri savaş esirlerine savaş hukukunca yasaklanan muamelelerde bulunmuştur.
 ABD silahlı kuvvetleri sivillere uluslararası hukukça yasaklanan insanlık dışı muamelelerde bulunmuştur.
 ABD hükûmeti Vietnam halkına karşı soykırım yapmaktan suçlu bulunmuştur.

Dış bağlantılar
 Vietnam Savaşı tanık ifadeleri
 Sartre'ın soykırıma dair makalesi

İnsan hakları kuruluşları
Uluslararası mahkemeler
Mahkeme
1966'da kurulan kuruluşlar

Russell Mahkemesi


جزيرة إليسمير  جزء من منطقة كويكتالك في مقاطة نونافوت الكندية. تقع هذه الجزيرة ضمن الأرخبيل الكندي القطبي، وتعتبر جزءاً جزر الملكة إليزابيث، ويعتبر رأس كولومبيا أبعد نقطة في الأراضي الكندية.

تحتل الجزيرة مساحة تقدر بـ 196,235 كم مربع (75,767 ميل مربع) ما يجعلها عاشر أكبر جزيرة في العالم و ثالث أكبر جزيرة في كندا. تغطي سلسلة جبال كورديلا القطبية أغلبية أراضي الجزيرة، ما يجعلها الجزيرة الأكثر احتواء على الجبال في الأرخبيل الكندي القطبي. ولا ينمو في هذه الجزيرة من النباتات الخشبية سوى الصفصاف القطبي.

التاريخ

أول إنسان سكن في هذه الجزيرة كان مجموعة من الصيادين وذلك بين 2000 و 1000 قبل الميلاد.

مراجع

جزيرة إليسمير
جزر أرخبيل القطب الشمالي الكندي
جزر جزر كوين إليزابيث
جزر خليج بافن
جزر قيكيقتالوك

جزيرة إليسمير


Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet (d. 31 Temmuz 1901 - ö. 12 Mayıs 1985), Fransız ressam ve heykeltıraş.

Biyografi

Debuffet, Fransa'nın Le Havre kentinde dünyaya geldi. 1918 yılında Académie Julian'''da ressamlık okumak için Paris'e taşınmadan önce Le Havre'da bulunan Güzel Sanatlar Okulu'na devam etti. Paris'e taşındıktan sonra Suzanne Valadon ve Max Jacob ile arkadaş oldu. Raul Dufy'nin stüdyosunu ziyaret etti. 1924 yılında resim yapmayı bırakan Dubuffet bu dönem boyunca seyahat etti. Tekrar sanata 1933 yılında döndü. Alaylı ressamlara olan ilgisinin gün yüzüne çıkmasının tarihi 1942 oldu ve Art Brut kelimesini onlar için türetti. 1948 yılında Dr. Hans Prinzhorn'un Artistry of the Mentally II isimli kitabını okuduktan sonra Andre Breton ile birlikte Art Brut topluluğunu kurdu. Amaçları kendi kendini yetiştiren ressamların eserlerini desteklemekti.

Dubuffet, kazanılmış kültürün ürünleri olan sanatları reddetti ve Art Brut'nun ateşli bir savunucusu oldu. Kendi resimlerinde de bu yaklaşımı açıkça görülmektedir.

O dönemden sonra sadece Art brut için çalışan Dubuffet 1985 yılında sanat için geldiği Paris'te hayatını kaybetti.

 Eserleri

 Michel Ragon, Dubuffet, New York: Grove Press, 1959
 Peter Selz, The Work of Jean Dubuffet, New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1962
 Max Loreau, Jean Dubuffet, délits déportements lieux de haut jeu, Paris: Weber, 1971
 Andreas Franzke, Jean Dubuffet, Basel: Beyeler, 1976
 Andreas Franzke, Jean Dubuffet, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1981
 Michel Thévoz, Jean Dubuffet, Genf: Albert Skira, 1986
 Mildred Glimcher, Jean Dubuffet: Towards an Alternative Reality. New York: Pace Gallery 1987, ISBN 0-89659-782-2
 Mechthild Haas, Jean Dubuffet, Berlin: Reimer, 1997
 Jean Dubuffet, Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 2001, ISBN 2-84426-093-4
 Laurent Danchin, Jean Dubuffet, New York: Vilo International, 2001, ISBN 2-87939-240-3
 Jean Dubuffet: Trace of an Adventure, ed. by Agnes Husslein-Arco, Munich: Prestel, 2003, ISBN 3-7913-2998-7
 Michael Krajewski, Jean Dubuffet. Studien zu seinem Fruehwerk und zur Vorgeschichte des Art brut, Osnabrueck: Der andere Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-89959-168-2

 Yazıları

 Jean Dubuffet, Prospectus et tous écrits suivants, Tome I, II, Paris 1967; Tome III, IV, Gallimard: Paris 1995
 Jean Dubuffet,  Asphyxiating Culture and other Writings.'' New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 1986ISBN 0-941423-09-3

Galeri

Dış bağlantılar

 The Dubuffet Foundation
 Dubuffet at the Tate Gallery
 The Collection de l'Art Brut in Lausanne
 Dubuffet at Brain-Juice
 Music By Dubuffet

1901 doğumlular
Le Havre doğumlular
1985 yılında ölenler
20. yüzyıl Fransız ressamları
20. yüzyıl Fransız heykeltıraşları
Académie Julian'da öğrenim görenler
Paris'te ölenler

Jean Dubuffet


L'attentat d'Ekondo-Titi a eu lieu le  à Ekondo-Titi dans la région du Sud-Ouest du Cameroun pendant la crise anglophone au Cameroun.

Contexte

Depuis 2017, des séparatistes armés et l'armée camerounaise s'affrontent dans les régions du Nord-Ouest et du Sud-Ouest du Cameroun, le conflit a fait plus de  morts et en a déplacé environ un million, selon le centre de réflexion International Crisis Group (ICG).

Déroulement
Le 2 mars 2022, les fonctionnaires étaient en tournée de rencontre avec la population d'Ekondo-Titi pour obtenir un soutien contre les rebelles séparatistes, lorsqu'aux alentours de 11h30, un engin explosif improvisé a heurté leur véhicule avant que des combattants séparatistes cachés dans un buisson voisin ont ouvert le feu sur le véhicule tuant les occupants qui s'y trouvaient.

Victimes
Sept personnes seront tuées, dont le sous-préfet, le maire d'Ekondo-Titi et un responsable local du Rassemblement démocratique du peuple camerounais (RDPC), le parti au pouvoir.

Suites
L'armée camerounaise a déclaré que des troupes avaient été déployées à Ekondo-Titi peu après l'attaque. L'armée a déclaré que les troupes traqueront et arrêteront ou tueront les combattants si les troupes gouvernementales rencontrent une quelconque résistance de la part des rebelles.

Revendication et motivation
Lucas Ayaba Cho, chef des Forces de défense de l'Ambazonie s'est présenté sur son compte Twitter, comme étant le commanditaire de l'attentat.

Lors d'un interview avec Voice of America, Daniel Caapo, l'un des chefs principaux des Forces de défense de l'Ambazonie explique les motivations de cette attaque :

Notes et références

2022 au Cameroun
Mars 2022
Ambazonie
Crise anglophone au Cameroun
Attentat au Cameroun

Attentat d’Ekondo-Titi


The Westland Lysander is a British army co-operation and liaison aircraft produced by Westland Aircraft that was used immediately before and during the Second World War.

After becoming obsolete in the army co-operation role, the aircraft's short-field performance enabled clandestine missions using small, improvised airstrips behind enemy lines to place or recover agents, particularly in occupied France with the help of the French Resistance. Royal Air Force army co-operation aircraft were named after mythical or historical military leaders; in this case the Spartan admiral Lysander was chosen.

Design and development
In 1934 the Air Ministry issued Specification A.39/34 for an army co-operation aircraft to replace the Hawker Hector. Initially Hawker Aircraft, Avro and Bristol were invited to submit designs, but after some debate within the Ministry, a submission from Westland was invited as well. The Westland design, internally designated P. 8, was the work of Arthur Davenport under the direction of "Teddy" Petter. It was Petter's second aircraft design and he spent considerable time interviewing Royal Air Force pilots to find out what they wanted from such an aircraft. The army wanted a tactical and artillery reconnaissance aircraft to provide photographic reconnaissance and observation of artillery fire in daylight – up to about  behind the enemy front.  The result of Petter's pilot enquiries suggested that field of view, low-speed handling characteristics and STOL performance were the important requirements.

Davenport and Petter designed an aircraft to incorporate these features. The Lysander was to be powered by a Bristol Mercury air-cooled radial engine and had high wings and a fixed conventional landing gear mounted on an innovative inverted U square-section tube that supported wing struts at the apex, and contained internal springs for the faired wheels. The large streamlined spats also contained a mounting for a Browning machine gun and fittings for removable stub wings that could carry light bombs or supply canisters. The wings had a reverse taper towards the root, which gave the impression of a bent gull wing from some angles, although the spars were straight. It had a girder type construction faired with a light wood stringers to give the aerodynamic shape. The forward fuselage was duralumin tube joined with brackets and plates, and the after part was welded stainless steel tubes. Plates and brackets were cut from channel extrusions rather than being formed from sheet steel. The front spar and lift struts were extrusions. The wing itself was fabric covered and its thickness was greatest at the strut anchorage, similar to that of later marks of the Stinson Reliant high-winged transport monoplane.

Despite its appearance, the Lysander was aerodynamically advanced; being equipped with fully automatic wing slats and  slotted flaps and a variable incidence tailplane. These refinements gave the Lysander a stalling speed of only . The tube that supported the wings and wheels was the largest Elektron alloy extrusion made at the time. Due to the difficulties involved in manufacturing such a large extrusion Canadian-built machines had a conventionally fabricated assembly. The Air Ministry requested two prototypes of the P.8 and the competing Bristol Type 148, quickly selecting the Westland aircraft for production and issuing a contract in September 1936.

The high-lift devices gave the Lysander a short take off and landing (STOL) performance much appreciated by the Special Duties pilots such as Squadron Leader Hugh Verity. The wings were equipped with automatic slats which lifted away from the leading edge as the airspeed decreased towards stalling speed. These slats controlled automatic flaps. Slow speed flight was therefore greatly simplified, "and it was possible to bring a Lysander down to land, if not like a lift, at least like an escalator". The inboard slats were connected to the flaps and to an air damper in the port wing which governed the speed at which the slats operated. The outboard slats operated independently and were not connected and each was fitted with an air damper. On a normal approach, the inboard slats and the flaps would begin to open when the airspeed has dropped to about  and be approximately half down at . The only control that the pilot has is a locking lever which he can set to lock the flaps down once they have been lowered automatically.

Operational history

United Kingdom

The first Lysanders entered service in June 1938, equipping squadrons for army co-operation and were initially used for message-dropping and artillery spotting. When war broke out in Europe, the earlier Mk.Is had been largely replaced by Mk.IIs, the older machines heading for the Middle East.  Some of these aircraft, now designated type L.1, operated with the Chindits of the British Indian Army in the Burma Campaign of the Second World War.

Four regular squadrons equipped with Lysanders accompanied the British Expeditionary Force to France in October 1939, and were joined by a further squadron early in 1940. Following the German invasion of France and the low countries on 10 May 1940, Lysanders were put into action as spotters and light bombers. In spite of occasional victories against German aircraft, they made very easy targets for the Luftwaffe even when escorted by Hurricanes. Withdrawn from France during the Dunkirk evacuation, they continued to fly supply-dropping missions to Allied forces from bases in England; on one mission to drop supplies to troops trapped at Calais, 14 of 16 Lysanders and Hawker Hectors that set out were lost.  118 Lysanders were lost in or over France and Belgium in May and June 1940, of a total of 175 deployed.

With the fall of France, it was clear that the type was unsuitable for the coastal patrol and army co-operation role, being described by Air Marshal Arthur Barratt, commander-in-chief of the British Air Forces in France as "quite unsuited to the task; a faster, less vulnerable aircraft was required." The view of Army AOP pilots was that the Lysander was too fast for artillery spotting purposes, too slow and unmanoeuvrable to avoid fighters, too big to conceal quickly on a landing field, too heavy to use on soft ground and had been developed by the RAF without ever asking the Army what was needed. Nevertheless, throughout the remainder of 1940, Lysanders flew dawn and dusk patrols off the coast and in the event of an invasion of Britain, they were tasked with attacking the landing beaches with light bombs and machine guns. They were replaced in the home-based army co-operation role from 1941 by camera-equipped fighters such as the Curtiss Tomahawk and North American Mustang carrying out reconnaissance operations, while light aircraft such as the Taylorcraft Auster were used to direct artillery. Some UK-based Lysanders went to work operating air-sea rescue, dropping dinghies to downed RAF aircrew in the English Channel. Fourteen squadrons and flights were formed for this role in 1940 and 1941.

Special duties

In August 1941 a new squadron, No. 138 (Special Duties), was formed to undertake missions for the Special Operations Executive to maintain clandestine contact with the French Resistance. Among its aircraft were Lysander Mk.IIIs, which flew over and landed in occupied France. While general supply drops could be left to the rest of No. 138's aircraft, the Lysander could insert and remove agents from the continent or retrieve Allied aircrew who had been shot down over occupied territory and had evaded capture. For this role the Mk.IIIs were fitted with a fixed ladder over the port side to hasten access to the rear cockpit and a large drop tank under the belly. In order to slip in unobtrusively Lysanders were painted matte black overall (some early examples had brown/green camouflaged upper surfaces and later examples had grey/green upper surfaces). Operations almost always took place within a week of a full moon, as moonlight was essential for navigation. The aircraft undertook such duties until the liberation of France in 1944.

Lysanders were based at airfields at Newmarket in Suffolk and later Tempsford in Bedfordshire, but used regular RAF stations to fuel-up for the actual crossing, particularly RAF Tangmere. Flying without any navigation equipment other than a map and compass, Lysanders would land on short strips of land, such as fields, marked out by four or five torches or to avoid having to land, the agent, wearing a special padded suit, stepped off at very low altitude and rolled to a stop on the field. They were originally designed to carry one passenger in the rear cockpit, but for SOE use the rear cockpit was modified to carry two passengers in extreme discomfort in case of urgent necessity.

The pilots of No. 138, and from early 1942 No. 161 Squadron, transported 101 agents to and recovered 128 agents from Nazi-occupied Europe. The Germans knew little about the British aircraft and wished to study one. Soldiers captured an intact Lysander in March 1942 when its pilot was unable to destroy it after a crash, but a train hit the truck carrying the Lysander, destroying the cargo.

In the Far East, from 1944 No. 357 Squadron RAF operated six SD Lysanders as C Flight for dropping agents in support of Fourteenth Army in Burma.

Lysanders were also used as target-towing and communication aircraft. Two aircraft (T1443 and T1739) were transferred to the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) for training and 18 were used by the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm. All British Lysanders were withdrawn from service in 1946.

Free French
Lysander also joined the ranks of the Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres (Free French Air Force, FAFL) when Groupe Mixte de Combat (GMC) 1, formed at RAF Odiham on 29 August 1940, was sent to French North-West Africa in order to persuade the authorities in countries such as Gabon, Cameroon and Chad, which were still loyal to Vichy France, to join the Gaullist cause against the Axis powers, and to attack Italian ground forces in Libya. As with all FAFL aircraft, Lysanders sported the Cross of Lorraine insignia on the fuselage and the wings instead of the French tricolour roundel first used in 1914, to distinguish their aircraft from those flying for the Vichy French Air Force. Lysanders were mostly employed on reconnaissance missions, but were also used to carry out occasional attacks. In all, 24 Lysanders were used by the FAFL.

Canada

One hundred and four British-built Lysanders were delivered to Canada supplementing 225 that were built under licence by National Steel Car at Malton, Ontario (near Toronto) with production starting in October 1938 and the first aircraft flying in August 1939. The RCAF primarily operated Lysanders in the Army Co-operation role, where they represented a major improvement over the antiquated Westland Wapiti which could trace its origins back to 1916.

Initial training was conducted at RCAF Station Rockcliffe (near Ottawa, Ontario) with No. 123 Squadron running an army co-operation school there. Units that operated the Lysander for training in this role in Canada include 2 Squadron, 110 Squadron (which became 400 Squadron overseas) and No. 112 Squadron RCAF.

No. 414 squadron formed overseas and joined 110 Squadron and 112 Squadron with Lysanders.  Prior to going overseas 2 Squadron was disbanded and its airmen reassigned to 110 and 112 Squadrons to bring them up to war establishment (2 Squadron would later reform in England as a Hawker Hurricane unit and eventually be renumbered as 402 Squadron). In all there were three squadrons ready to begin operations against the Axis Powers. Although Operation Sea Lion – the planned German invasion of Great Britain – was averted by the British victory in the Battle of Britain in 1940, the high losses suffered by RAF Lysanders in the Battle of France resulted in any plans for cross-channel offensive operations by Lysanders being put on hold, although the Canadian squadrons continued training with the Lysanders until suitable replacements were available.

No. 118 Squadron and No. 122 Squadron RCAF were the only Canadian units to use their Lysanders on active-duty operations – 118 in Saint John, New Brunswick, and 122 at various locations on Vancouver Island, where they performed anti-submarine patrols and conducted search-and-rescue operations. During the same period, No. 121 Squadron RCAF and several Operational Training Units (OTUs) used Lysanders – painted in a high-visibility yellow-and-black-striped scheme – for target towing duties.

For a brief period in 1940 when every available Hurricane fighter had been sent overseas to fight in the Battle of Britain, leaving the RCAF without a modern fighter aircraft at home in Canada, two RCAF Lysander-equipped squadrons which were supposed to convert to fighter aircraft but had none to convert to were re-designated as operational fighter squadrons. 111 Squadron, a coastal artillery squadron which earlier had replaced its Avro trainers with Lysanders and been reclassified as an army co-operation unit, was again reclassified as a fighter squadron – the only one on the Canadian west coast – in June 1940. Lysander-equipped 118 Squadron also was redesignated as a fighter squadron. The Lysander completely lacked the capability to operate in a fighter role, and neither squadron saw action as a fighter unit while equipped with Lysanders, but their designation as fighter squadrons did allow RCAF fighter pilots to work up at a critical time without having to wait for the arrival of true fighter aircraft. No. 118 Squadron was disbanded in September 1940, and when it reformed in December 1940, still as a fighter squadron, it was equipped with 15 old, otherwise unwanted Grumman Goblin fighters produced by Canadian Car and Foundry. Both 111 and 118 Squadrons soon re-equipped with the Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk, bringing the brief service of Lysanders in fighter squadrons to an end.

By late 1944 all Canadian Lysanders had been withdrawn from flying duties.

Other countries

Other export customers for the Lysander included the Finnish Air Force (which received four Mk.I and nine Mk.III aircraft), the Irish Air Corps (which took delivery of six Mk.II aircraft), the Turkish Air Force (which received 36 Mk.IIs), the Portuguese Air Force (which took delivery of eight Mk.IIIA aircraft), the United States Army Air Forces (which received 25), the Indian Air Force (which took delivery of 22) and No. 1 Squadron of the Royal Egyptian Air Force. The REAF received 20 aircraft. Egyptian Lysanders were the last to see active service, against Israel in the 1947–1949 Palestine war.

Civilian use
After the war a number of surplus ex-Royal Canadian Air Force Lysanders were employed as aerial applicators with Westland Dusting Service, operating in Alberta and western Canada. Two of these were saved for inclusion in Lynn Garrison's collection for display in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Production
A total of 1,786 Lysanders were built, including 225 manufactured under licence by National Steel Car in Malton near Toronto, Ontario, Canada during the late 1930s (1938-1939).

Variants

Lysander Mk.I
Powered by a  Bristol Mercury XII radial piston engine. Two forward-firing  Browning machine guns in wheel fairings and one pintle-mounted  Lewis or Vickers K machine gun in rear cockpit. Optional spat-mounted stub wings carried  of bombs. Four  bombs could be carried under rear fuselage.
Lysander TT Mk.I
Lysander Mk.Is converted into target tugs.
Lysander Mk.II
Powered by one  Bristol Perseus XII sleeve valve radial piston engine.
Lysander TT Mk.II
Target tug conversion of the Lysander Mk.II.
Lysander Mk.III
Powered by a  Bristol Mercury XX or 30 radial piston engine, 350 delivered from July 1940. Twin  Browning guns in rear cockpit.
Lysander Mk.IIIA
As Lysander Mk.I, with Mercury 20 engine. Twin  Lewis guns in rear cockpit.
Lysander Mk.III SCW (Special Contract Westland)
Special version for clandestine operations. No armament, long-range 150 gallon fuel tank, fixed external ladder.
Lysander TT Mk.III
Lysander Mk.Is, Mk.IIs and Mk.IIIs converted into target tugs.
Lysander TT Mk.IIIA
100 purpose-built target tugs.
P.12 Delanne Lysander
The P.12, also sometimes referred to as the Wendover, was a modified version of the prototype Lysander K6127 with a Delanne configuration rear wing to carry a 4-gun turret power-operated tail gun turret. The design was intended for "beach strafing" in case of invasion of the UK. The rear fuselage was replaced by a wider one of constant cross section. Mounted low on it was a much larger tail surface, making it a Delanne-type tandem wing. Twin tail fins replaced the central fin, making room for the gun turret which was fitted just aft of the rear wing. Both Frazer Nash and Boulton-Paul turrets were considered but only a dummy with no power system was installed. The main wing and forward fuselage remained unchanged. Although it flew well, trials were still underway when the threat of invasion disappeared and it did not proceeded past flight trials, which were carried out with the dummy turret.
"Pregnant Perch"
L6473 adapted with a ventral gun position, again for beach strafing. Crashed during testing after engine failure.

In 1940 K6127 was tested with a pair of  Oerlikon cannon mounted on top of the wheel fairings, and the stub wings removed; the intention was to use the aircraft against invasion barges in the threatened German invasion of Britain.

Operators

Surviving aircraft

A number of Lysanders are preserved in museums in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Belgium, and elsewhere.
 Lysander IIIA on static display at the Indian Air Force Museum in Palam, Delhi. Formerly RCAF 1589, it is painted in spurious colours. It is possible that this is the one that Canada traded for a B-24 Liberator bomber in the late 1960s.
 RCAF 2349 – Lysander III on display at the Canadian Museum of Flight in Langley, British Columbia. It is displayed without most of its fabric covering. This one was restored for Expo 86 in Vancouver, British Columbia. The wings came from Cliff Douglas in Coutenay, B.C. The fuselage was found in the Prairies. The first fuselage was destroyed en route to British Columbia in a vehicle accident and another one was obtained.
 RCAF 2363 – Lysander IIIA under restoration to airworthy condition at the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum in Hamilton, Ontario. It flew for the first time following its restoration a few weeks before the museum's Flyfest on 20–21 June 2009. It is finished in a yellow & black 'bumblebee' target tug scheme.
 RCAF 2365 – Lysander IIIA airworthy at the Vintage Wings of Canada in Gatineau, Quebec. It is painted in No. 400 "City of Toronto" RCAF Squadron markings, and is doped silver overall with RCAF serial number 416. After a full restoration, it first flew 18 June 2010 in Gatineau, QC.
 RCAF 2442 – Lysander III under restoration to airworthy condition with Sabena Old Timers in Zaventem, Belgium.
 RCAF 2445 – Lysander IIIA in storage at the Reynolds-Alberta Museum in Wetaskiwin, Alberta.
 T1562 or V9562 – Lysander TT III on static display at the Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History in Brussels. Previously registered as OO-SOP, it was restored from 1983 to 1988, and again by December 2010 following a forced landing.
 R9125 – Lysander III on static display at the Royal Air Force Museum London. It is painted in the early war brown and green temperate land scheme marked JR-M R9125 of No. 225 Squadron RAF.
 V9552 – Airworthy as of 2019 as part of The Shuttleworth Collection, Old Warden, Bedfordshire in the UK. It is currently painted in the all black scheme of the clandestine Special Duties aircraft of No.161 Squadron RAF, bearing the serial V9367 (flown by Pilot Officer Peter Vaughan-Fowler, DSO, DFC and bar, AFC.)
 V9312 – Airworthy as of 2019 following restoration to flight by the Aircraft Restoration Company at Imperial War Museum Duxford. Flew in August 2018 for the first time since 1944. A Westland-built example, manufactured in 1940. Currently painted in the livery of No. 225 squadron RAF, with whom the plane served in wartime. Apparently now in the process of being certified to carry paying passengers.
 Lysander III on static display at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa, Ontario. This example was a composite, restored from three aircraft by the RCAF as a centennial project in 1967 and is painted in the early war temperate land scheme (dark earth and dark green over sky).
 Lysander IIIA on static display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum in Chantilly, Virginia. It is painted in a night finish with grey and green topsides, and marked as AC-B N7791, a No. 138 Squadron RAF aircraft famous for spy-dropping missions in wartime Europe.
 Lysander IIIA on static display at the Imperial War Museum Duxford in Duxford, Cambridgeshire. It is painted as MA-J V9673 flown by Hugh Verity also of No. 161 Squadron RAF.
Lysander IIIA on display at the Florida Air Museum in Lakeland, Florida. On loan from the Fantasy of Flight in Polk City, Florida. It is painted in a temperate sea scheme (extra dark sea grey and dark slate grey over sky) and marked as BA-C serial V9545. It was previously owned by Wessex Aviation and Transport.

In popular culture
In 1963, BBC TV transmitted a series of dramas called Moonstrike about the insertion of clandestine SOE operatives into occupied France. The first episode featured a reconstruction of a typical Lysander operation.

Specifications (Lysander Mk.III)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Breuer, William B. Top Secret Tales of World War II. New York: Wiley, 2000. .
 Donald, David and Jon Lake, eds. Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft. London: AIRtime Publishing, 1996. .
 "For Army Co-operation."  Flight, 9 June 1938, pp. 569–576.
 Griffiths, Frank. Winged Hours. London: William Kimber, 1981. .
 Hall, Alan W. Westland Lysander, Warpaint Series No. 48. Luton, Bedfordshire, UK: Warpaint Books Ltd., 2005. .
 James, Derek N. Westland Aircraft since 1915. London: Putnam, 1991. .
 James, Derek N. Westland: A History. Gloucestershire, UK: Tempus Publishing Ltd, 2002. .
 Kightly, James. Westland Lysander. Redbourn, UK: Mushroom Model Publications, 2006. .
 Kostenuk, Samuel and John Griffin.  RCAF Squadron Histories and Aircraft: 1924–1968. Toronto, Ontario: Samuel Stevens Hakkert & Company, 1977. .
 March, Daniel J. British Warplanes of World War II. London:Aerospace Publishing, 1998. .

 Milberry, Larry. Aviation in Canada. Toronto: McGraw Hill Ryerson Limited, 1979. .
 Mondey, David. Westland (Planemakers 2). London: Jane's Publishing Company, 1982. .
 Ovčáčík, Michal and Karel Susa. Westland Lysander Mks.I, II, III/IIIA, III(SD)/IIIA(SD), TT Mks. I, II, III. Prague, Czech Republic: Mark 1 Ltd., 1999. .
 Robertson, Bruce. Lysander Special. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1977. .
 "Some talk of Alexander..." Part 1. Air International, January 1984, Vol. 26, No. 1. . pp. 21–28.
 "Some talk of Alexander" Part 2. Air International, February 1984, Vol. 26, No. 2. . pp. 80–87.

 Taylor, John W.R. "Westland Lysander." Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. .
 Verity, Hugh. We Landed by Moonlight. London: Ian Allan Ltd., 1978. .
 Wake-Walker, Edward. Westland Lysander: Owners' Workshop Manual. Yeovil: Haynes Publishing, 2014. .

External links

 NASM Westland Lysander IIIA
 Westland Lysander in detail
 Westland Lysander aircraft profile. Aircraft database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945
 The Westland Lysander II in Indian Air Force Service
 Westland Family Army Co-operation Flight 1955
 Westland Lysander at the Shuttleworth Collection.

High-wing aircraft
1930s British military utility aircraft
World War II British utility aircraft
Lysander
Single-engined tractor aircraft
STOL aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1936
World War II aircraft of Finland

Westland Lysander


Lolita Markovna Mileavskaia (în , în , născută Горелик (Gorelik/Horelik); n. 14 noiembrie 1963, Mukaceve, RSS Ucraineană, URSS), cunoscută mai mult ca Lolita, este o cântăreață, actriță, prezentatoare TV și regizoare ruso-ucraineană.

Viața personală

Lolita a fost căsătorită de cinci ori. Primul soț (1985) — Aleksandr Beleaev, era actor, coleg de studii cu Lolita. Al doilea soț (1986) — Vitali Mileavskii; conform spuselor Lolitei, mariajul a fost fictiv. Cel de-al treilea său soț (1987—1999) și cel mai cunoscut — Aleksandr Țekalo (n. 22 martie 1961), este un showman ruso-ucrainean. Împreună cu acesta are o fiică pe nume Eva (n. 1999).
Al patrulea soț al Lolitei (19 iunie 2004—2009) — Aleksandr Zarubin (n. 6 mai 1968), este un om de afaceri. Al cincilea soț al Lolitei este Dmitri Ivanov (n. 1975), cu care s-a căsătorit pe 20 martie 2010. El este tenisman, antrenor de squash și fitness.

Viziuni

Timp de mai mulți ani, Lolita și-a exprimat susținerea pentru comunitatea LGBT. Ea a susținut concerte pentru public LGBT, și s-a expus contra homofobiei și a altor tipuri de discriminare a minorităților sexuale; a participat la emisiuni televizate și conferințe de presă dedicate acestei probleme. În 2013 ea a condamnat adoptarea "legii cu privire la interzicerea propagandei homosexualismului în Rusia", indicând asupra pericolului de creștere a predispozițiilor naționaliste și extremiste.

Ea a luat parte la campaniile electorale ale lui Boris Elțin (1996), Viktor Ianukovici (2004) și Aleksandr Lukașenko (2006).

În 2013 a apreciat drept negativă perspectiva de integrare europeană a Ucrainei, exprimându-și preferința unei uniuni comune cu Rusia. S-a exprimat în favoarea "alipirii" Crimeei la Federația Rusă în 2014, menționând că nu vede în această situație o presiune din partea Rusiei; și a condamnat sancțiunile internaționale împotriva Rusiei în legătură cu acest fapt. Într-un interviu pentru postul de radio Vorbește Moscova (Говорит Москва) din vara anului 2014, l-a numit pe Vladimir Putin – "geniu". S-a exprimat negativ față de Aleksei Navalnîi și activitatea opoziției ruse în general.

Discografie
Albume de studio
 Цветочки (2000)
 Шоу разведённой женщины (2003)
 Формат (2005)
 Неформат (2007)
 Ориентация Север (2007)
 Фетиш (2008)
 Анатомия (2014)

Referințe

Legături externe

Lolita Milyavskaya at the Forbes

Nașteri în 1963
Cântăreți ruși
Cântăreți ruși de muzică pop
Cântărețe de muzică pop
Femei din Rusia
Femei din Ucraina
Ruși în viață
Actrițe ruse
Prezentatori de televiziune din Rusia

Lolita Mileavskaia


Monthelon ist der Name zweier französischer Gemeinden:

 Monthelon (Marne) im Département Marne
 Monthelon (Saône-et-Loire) im Département Saône-et-Loire

Monthelon


Ingolf Wunder (Klagenfurt, Austria, 8 de septiembre de 1985) es un pianista y director de orquesta austríaco.

Estudios
Nació en la ciudad austríaca de Klagenfurt, donde comenzó sus estudios musicales a la edad de cuatro años tocando el violín. Más tarde, a los 14 años, su talento para el piano fue descubierto casualmente por un maestro de Linz, Horst Mattheus. A pesar de haber alcanzado un alto nivel con el violín, después de diez años, decidió cambiarlo por el piano, dedicándose por completo a este último. Para ello, se trasladó al Conservatorio de Música de Linz, y comenzó estudios intensivos de piano bajo la tutela del profesor Mattheus.

Graduado en la Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien, en 2008 Wunder comenzó a estudiar con Adam Harasiewicz, pianista polaco y ganador del Concurso International Chopin de 1955. Dos años después, en 2010, decidió participar en dicho concurso, en la que sería su segunda participación. Después de la edición de 2005, donde no llegó a la final, en 2010 ganó el segundo premio, el cual le trajo reconocimiento internacional, y le llevó a firmar como artista exclusivo de Deutsche Grammophon en febrero de 2011.

Después de su éxito en el Concurso Chopin, además de tocar en conciertos y numerosas giras, en 2012 obtiene su diploma en dirección orquestal.

Desde 2011 hasta la actualidad, ha grabado cuatro discos para Deutsche Grammophon, además de numerosas actuaciones en Europa, Asia y América, incluyendo salas como la del Musikverein de Vienna, Konzerthaus de Berlín, Liederhalle de Stuttgart, Laiszhalle de Hamburgo, Queen Elizabeth Hall, Wigmore Hall y Cadogan Hall en Londres, Sala Verdi en Milán, Teatro Manzoni en Bolonia, Tonhalle en Zúrich, Auditorio Lyon, Théâtre du Palais Royal en París, Filharmonia Narodowa de Varsovia, Filarmónica de Cracovia, Rudolfinum en Praga, Teatro Mariinski de San Petersburgo, Suntory Hall en Tokio, Teatro Municipal en Santiago de Chile, National Concert Hall en Taipéi, etc.

Premios
 Septiembre de 1999 - VI Concorso Internazionale di Musica - Premio Vittoria Caffa Righetti (Cortemilia, Italia) -  Premio
 Octubre de 1999 - XIV European Music Competition en (Torino, Italia) - el ganador de su grupo
 Noviembre de 1999 - 63. Steinway Piano Competition (Hamburgo, Alemania) -  Premio
 Marzo de 2000 - Concurso Musical de Francia en (Asti) -  Premio
 Mayo de 2000 - Prima la musica 2000 Music Competition (Feldkirch, Austria) -  Premio
 Junio de 2000 - VI Trofeo Internazionale (Casarza Ligure, Italy) -  Premio
 Septiembre de 2001 - 36. Großer Ferenc Liszt Wettbewerb en (Budapest, Hungría) - Premio Liszt Ciudad de Budapest
 Octubre de 2010 - XVI Concurso Internacional de Piano Frédéric Chopin en (Varsovia, Polonia) - 2.º Premio, Premio por la mejor interpretación de la Polonesa-fantasía op. 61, Premio por la mejor interpretación del Concierto.

Referencias

 "Ingolf Wunder". Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina. http://en.chopin.nifc.pl/chopin/persons/detail/name/wunder/cat/3/id/6858
 Ingolf Wunder - Biography. http://www.ingolfwunder.com/index.php?com=pages&alias=biography

Pianistas de música clásica de Austria
Músicos clásicos del siglo XXI de Austria
Artistas de Deutsche Grammophon
Nacidos en Klagenfurt

Ingolf Wunder


Craig Vernon "Chappy" Chapman (31. oktober 1958 i Aurora, Ontario, Canada - 17. december 2015 i Frederikshavn, Danmark) var en canadisk-dansk ishockeyspiller og -træner, der spillede det meste af sin seniorkarriere for Frederikshavn Ishockey Klub, hvor han betragtes som den bedste spiller i klubbens historie, og generelt anses han for en af de bedste udlændinge nogensinde i den danske liga. Han kunne drible og score mål, som gjorde ham elsket i Frederikshavn og frygtet i alle andre skøjtehaller, fordi det simpelthen ikke lod sig gøre at stække ham.

Chapman blev topscorer i Eliteserien i Eliteserien i ishockey 1985-86, og i 1982 blev han kåret til årets spiller i dansk ishockey. Og han var selvfølgelig en del af holdet, da Frederikshavn IK i 1986 vandt DM-medaljer (bronze) for første gang. Det eneste, han manglede i en stor karriere i dansk ishockey, var det danske mesterskab. Da Frederikshavn IK i 1989 vandt DM-guld for første gang, var han netop skiftet til Rungsted IK.

Canadieren varetog i 1998-99 jobbet som træner for Danmarks ishockeylandshold for kvinder, og han var også i en periode træner for Århus Ishockey Klub.

Hans trøje nr. 22 i Frederikshavn Ishockey Klub blev i 2000 blevet trukket tilbage og hængt op under loftet i Scanel Hockey Arena til evig hæder og ære, og siden da har kun hans søn, Christian Chapman, spillet med det rygnummer.

Biografi

Craig Chapman voksede op i Aurora, Ontario, Canada og spillede junior-ishockey på højeste niveau for bl.a. Peterborough Petes og Windsor Spitfires i Ontario Major Junior Hockey League, samt for Aurora Tigers i den lavere rangerende Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League. Han spillede også i Sverige som junior, hvor han i 14-års-alderen var på et 14 dages træningsophold i Leksands IF, og senere spillede han i tre sæsoner for Djurgårdens IF.

Spillerkarrieren i dansk ishockey

Canadieren kom til Frederikshavn i 1978 efter opholdet hos Djurgårdens IF i Sverige. På det tidspunkt var Frederikshavn IK at betragte som den bløde mellemvare i dansk ishockey, og klubben var netop var rykket op i 1. division for anden gang. Den havde én gang tidligere – i sæsonen 1973-74 – spillet en enkelt sæson i 1. division, hvor den dog endte på sidstepladsen med kun 1 point for 18 kampe og derfor rykkede ned i 2. division igen med et brag. Chapmans første sæson som forstærkning i Frederikshavn IK blev derfor også vanskelig. Holdet opnåede denne gang 7 point i 28 kampe, og endte atter på sidstepladsen i ligaen, og rykkede igen ned efter blot én sæson i den bedste række. Holdet rykkede imidlertid op fra 2. division igen året efter ved at besejre HIK i den afgørende kamp på neutral bane i Århus, hvor Craig Chapman scorede det afgørende mål til 5-4 i sudden death, og derefter var scenen sat for klubbens indtil da bedste år.

I 1980-81 formåede Frederikshavn IK for første gang at undgå nedrykning fra 1. division. Holdet sluttede på syvendepladsen, 3 point foran Esbjerg IK, som dermed rykkede en række ned efter 16 år i træk i den bedste række. Chapman blev sammen med den spillende træner, svenskeren Staffan Söderberg, der efter sæsonen forlod Frederikshavn, klubbens suveræne topscorere med hhv. 43 og 44 point. Året efter kom vendelboernes store gennembrud i 1. division. Holdet sluttede på fjerdepladsen og kvalificerede sig dermed til det nyindførte medaljeslutspil for ligaens fire bedste hold, hvor det imidlertid blev til samlede nederlag både i semifinalen til Vojens IK og i bronzekampen til lokalrivalerne fra AaB Ishockey. Begge opgør blev tabt med 2-1 i kampe, men Frederikshavn IK's DM-fjerdeplads var det klart bedste resultat i klubbens historie. Og Craig Chapman blev kåret som årets spiller i dansk ishockey efter en sæson, hvor han blev nr. 2 på ligaens topscorerliste med 50 point (29 mål + 21 assists) i 34 kampe.

Den følgende sæson, 1982-83, endte Frederikshavn IK, på trods af Chapmans 53 point i 32 kampe, sidst i nedrykningsspillet, og klubben måtte derfor overraskende en tur ned i den næstbedste række. Men ligesom sidste gang var klubben tilbage i den gode selskab igen én sæson senere efter at have vundet 2. division i ishockey 1983-84.

Sæsonen 1984-85 blev måske Craig Chapmans bedste. Han scorede hele 76 point i 23 kampe og førte sit hold til femtepladsen i 1. division. Den følgende sæson scorede "Chappy" kun 61 point i 30 kampe, men det var nok til at sikre ham titlen som ligatopscorer for første gang i karrieren. FIK sluttede på andenpladsen i grundspillet, men i slutspillet dumpede holdet ned på bronzepladsen. Alligevel var det en stor triumf for klubben, at den for første gang nogensinde sikrede sig DM-medaljer.

I sæsonen 1986-87 var de fem bedste hold i Eliteserien ekstremt jævnbyrdige, men frederikshavnerne snuppede lige akkurat den fjerde og sidste slutspilsplads. Den placering forbedrede holdet dog ikke i slutspillet, men Craig Chapman blev igen topscorer på sit hold og nr. 3 i hele i ligaen med sine 53 point i 30 kampe. Året efter sikrede holdet sig igen lige akkurat en slutspilsplads, men igen måtte det tage til takke med at ende slutspillet på den utaknemmelige og medaljeløse fjerdeplads. Det blev Chapmans sidste sæson i Frederikshavn IK, og han sluttede sin karriere hos vendelboerne med at score 45 point i sæsonens 30 kampe. Året efter skiftede han til Rungsted IK, hvor han dog aldrig fik nogen fremtrædende rolle.

Samtidig med karrieren på isen tog Chapman en EFG-uddannelse på handelsskolen, og senere blev han også udlært tømrer.

Senere liv

I 1989 rejste han hjem til Canada, hvor han rejste rundt i Nordamerika som sælger for Ford. Fem år senere flyttede han tilbage til Frederikshavn, hvor han blev boende resten af livet. Han arbejdede først i fem år på Aktivitellet, hvorefter det blev til et par år som tømrer. Derefter læste han til skolelærer, og han fik ansættelse på Ravnshøj Skole i Ravnshøj. Sidenhen kom han til Stidsholt Nordjyllands Idrætsefterskole, hvor han var indtil 2012.

Canadieren varetog i 1998-99 jobbet som træner for Danmarks ishockeylandshold for kvinder, og han var også i en periode fra 2005 træner for Århus Ishockey Klub. Han fortsatte også i Frederikshavn White Hawks som assistent for cheftrænerne Olaf Eller og Tom Coolen.

I 2000 blev han æresmedlem i Frederikshavn Ishockey Klub, og hans hvide spillertrøje med nr. 22 i Frederikshavn Ishockey Klub blev i 2001 trukket tilbage og hængt op under loftet i Scanel Hockey Arena til evig hæder og ære. Siden da har kun hans søn, Christian Chapman, spillet med det rygnummer.

Ved Frederikshavn Ishockey Klubs 50 års jubilæumsfest i januar 2015 faldt han om på grund af en hjernesvulst, som han døde af knap et år senere, 57 år gammel.

Kilder

 White Hawks - Craig "Chappy" Chapman er død (18. december 2015)
 TV2 Sporten - Chappy satte nye standarder i dansk ishockey (18. december 2015)
 "Chappy" døde i går – en legende er gået bort (18. december 2015)
 Hockeymagasinet - Frederikshavn i sorg (18. december 2015)
 Faceoff-Online - Video fra TV2 Nord: "Chappys" store entusiasme (20. december 2015)
 Hockeymagasinet - Larsens corner special: Chappy bliver aldrig glemt (22. december 2015)
 Henning Jensen, Jesper Mejer Christensen: 50 års jubilæum på is (Forlaget Historie ApS, 2014)

Noter

Ishockeyspillere fra Canada
Ishockeyspillere fra Danmark
Ishockeytrænere fra Canada
Ishockeytrænere fra Danmark

Craig Chapman


Sumaterana é um género de anfíbios da família Ranidae. É endémico da Indonésia.

Espécies
 Sumaterana crassiovis (Boulenger, 1920)
 Sumaterana dabulescens Arifin, Smart, Hertwig, Smith, Iskandar, and Haas, 2018
 Sumaterana montana Arifin, Smart, Hertwig, Smith, Iskandar, and Haas, 2018

Referências

Ranidae
Gêneros de anfíbios

Sumaterana


دورة ساروس  هي فترة ما يقرب من 223 شهر قمري (حوالي 6585.3211 يوماً، أو ما يعادل 18 سنة، 11 أيام، 8 ساعات)، بحيث يمكن استخدامها للتنبؤ بحدوث الخسوف والكسوف. فخلال هذه الدورة تعود كل الشمس والقمر والأرض إلى نفس الموقع نسبيا، وهذا يعدل بالتقريب 19 سنة كسوفية إلا قريباً من نصف اليوم. لذلك تتكرر حوادث الكسوف على خطوط العرض نفسها ولكن بفارق قدره 120 درجه على خطوط الطول. وهذا الفرق سببه فضل ثلث اليوم ففيه تدور الأرض ثلث دورة. وبذلك يمكن القول إن حوادث الكسوف تتكرر على المواضع نفسها من الأرض كل 54 سنة بالتقريب.

تاريخياً، أقرب الوثائق التاريخية تشير إلى اكتشاف الكلدانيون (علماء الفلك القدماء في بابل) لدورة ساروس بعدة قرون قبل الميلاد. كذلك عرفت هذه الدورة في فترة باسم هيبارخوس، بليني وبطليموس.

المراجع

الزمن في الفلك
إمبراطورية بابلية حديثة
ظواهر طبيعية
كسوفات
مستحدثات في الألفية الأولى ق م
وحدات القياس الفلكي
وحدات زمن

دورة ساروس


James Ashmore Creelman (né le , mort le 9 ou le ) est un scénariste américain, coscénariste du premier film King Kong sorti en 1933.

Biographie
Né à Marietta (Ohio) en 1894, son père est journaliste, il déménage à New York puis à Washington où travaille son père. Diplômé de l'Université Yale, il édite le magazine du campus  avec , auteur de fictions lui-aussi devenu scénariste. Creelman travaille pour les studios RKO à partir de 1929, et participe aux scénarios de plusieurs films dont , Les Chasses du comte Zaroff  (), King Kong, Dancers in the Dark et Les Derniers Jours de Pompéi ().

Le  il se suicide en sautant du toit au 18 étage d'un immeuble de la 72e Rue à Manhattan, son appartement se trouvant au 6 étage. Il est enterré dans sa ville natale de Marietta (Ohio).

Filmographie
 1922 : La Victoire du cœur de Sidney Franklin
 1924 : Grit de Frank Tuttle
 1926 :
 1926 : Mondaine de Richard Rosson
 1926 : Aloma de Maurice Tourneur
 1927 :  (Réalisateur)
 1927 : Erik le mystérieux () de Paul Fejos
 1928 : La Danse rouge de Raoul Walsh
 1930 : Half Shot at Sunrise de Paul Sloane
 1931 : Honor of the Family de Lloyd Bacon
 1932 : Les Chasses du comte Zaroff d'Ernest B. Schoedsack et Irving Pichel
 1932 : Les Danseurs dans la nuit  () de David Burton
 1933 : King Kong de Merian C. Cooper et Ernest B. Schoedsack
 1935 : Les Derniers Jours de Pompéi (The Last Days of Pompeii) de Merian C. Cooper et Ernest B. Schoedsack

Notes et références

Bibliographie
  ''Silent Film Necrology - Births and Deaths of Over 9000 Performers, Directors, Producers, and Other Filmmakers of the Silent Era, Through 1993', Eugene Michael Vazzana, 1995

Liens externes

Naissance en septembre 1894
Naissance dans le comté de Washington (Ohio)
Scénariste américain
Décès en septembre 1941
Décès à New York
Suicide par précipitation aux États-Unis
Décès à 47 ans

James Ashmore Creelman


Östra Göinge Provsti eller Øster Gønge Provsti (svensk: Östra Göinge kontrakt eller Östra Göinge prosteri) er et provsti i Lunds Stift indenfor Svenska kyrkan. Provstiets menigheder virker indenfor Osby kommun og Östra Göinge kommun.

Provstiet ligger i det nordøstlige Skåne, og det ligger stort set i det gamle Øster Gønge Herred.

Provstiet blev oprettet i 1722, da Gønge Provsti blev delt i Øster Gønge Provsti og Vester Gønge Provsti.

Provstier i Lunds stift

Östra Göinge kontrakt


Danmarks U/17-kvindefodboldlandshold eller U/17-landsholdet er et hold under Dansk Boldspil-Union (DBU), udvalgt blandt alle danske kvindelige fodboldspillere under 17 år, til at repræsentere Danmark i internationale U/17-fodboldturneringer arrangeret af FIFA og UEFA samt i venskabskampe mod andre nationale fodboldforbunds udvalgte U/17 hold.

Eksterne henvisninger
U17-landsholdet hos Dansk Boldspil-Union

U/17-kvindefodboldlandshold
U/17-fodboldlandshold

Danmarks U/17-kvindefodboldlandshold


Vila Verde  belediyesi, Portekiz'in Norte bölgesine bağlı Cávado altbölgesinin belediyelerinden biridir.

Bucaklar
Belediyede 58 bucak (Por.: freguesia) yer almaktadır.

 Aboim da Nóbrega
 Arcozelo
 Atães
 Atiães
 Azões
 Barbudo
 Barros
 Cabanelas
 Cervães
 Codeceda
 Coucieiro
 Covas
 Dossãos
 Duas Igrejas
 Esqueiros
 Freiriz
 Geme
 Goães
 Godinhaços
 Gomide
 Gondiães
 Gondomar
 Laje
 Lanhas
 Loureira
 Marrancos
 Mós
 Moure
 Nevogilde
 Oleiros
 Parada de Gatim
 Passó
 Pedregais
 Penascais
 Pico
 Pico de Regalados
 Ponte
 Portela das Cabras
 Rio Mau
 Sabariz
 Sande
 Santa Marinha de Oriz
 Santiago de Carreiras
 São Mamede de Escariz
 São Martinho de Escariz
 São Martinho de Valbom
 São Miguel de Carreiras
 São Miguel de Oriz
 São Miguel do Prado
 São Pedro de Valbom
 Soutelo
 Travassós
 Turiz
 Valdreu
 Valões
 Vila de Prado
 Vila Verde
 Vilarinho

Vila Verde


Jorge Enrique Hevia Flores (28 de octubre de 1954) es un periodista, presentador de televisión y exvoleibolista chileno.

Carrera mediática
Su carrera periodística comenzó en una revista deportiva, que tuvo que dejar por incompatibilidad con su carrera en el voleibol. Fue parte de la selección que disputó el Campeonato Mundial de Voleibol de 1982 disputado en Buenos Aires, el único mundial de este deporte que ha jugado Chile. A lo largo de la década de 1980, fue funcionario de la División Nacional de Comunicación Social (Dinacos) y de la Municipalidad de Ñuñoa.

En marzo de 1985 se integró a Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN). Entre mayo de 1992 y enero de 2006 fue presentador del programa matinal Buenos días a todos de esa estación, donde tuvo como duplas a Tati Penna, Margot Kahl, Karen Doggenweiler y Tonka Tomicic. En el mismo canal, fue presentador en programas como Super dupla (2007) —con su hijo Jorge Hevia Jr.— y como panelista de los programas Zoom deportivo y Viña tiene festival. En diciembre de 2009 dejó la señal nacional de TVN, tras dos décadas de trayectoria.

En junio de 2007 se integró como rostro de TV Chile, señal internacional de TVN, conduciendo los programas Se habla español y Conecta2, exclusivos para el público internacional. El lunes 29 de febrero de 2016, el canal decidió poner fin al programa. En julio de 2016, Hevia regresó a la señal nacional de TVN para la transmisión de los Juegos Olímpicos de Río de Janeiro, y en 2017 se integró al matinal Muy buenos días, sucesor del Buenos días a todos.

Hevia se ha dedicado al periodismo deportivo, presentando Deportes más que fútbol en Vive! Deportes, y como locutor en Bío-Bío deportes de Radio Bío-Bío.

Controversias
Durante su participación como comentarista de los Juegos Olímpicos de Río de Janeiro 2016 fue criticado por realizar declaraciones que fueron calificadas como «sexistas».

Televisión

Programas de televisión

Series y telefilms

Referencias

Alumnado del Saint Gabriel's School Santiago
Presentadores de televisión de Chile
Periodistas deportivos de Chile
Locutores de radio de Chile
Voleibolistas de Chile
Comentaristas deportivos de Televisión Nacional de Chile

Jorge Hevia


Um roteador sem fio é um dispositivo que executa as funções de um roteador e também inclui as funções de um ponto de acesso sem fio. É usado para fornecer acesso à internet ou a uma rede de computadores privada. Dependendo do fabricante e do modelo, ele pode funcionar em uma rede local com fio, em uma LAN somente sem fio ou em uma rede mista com fio e sem fio.

Recursos
Os roteadores sem fio geralmente apresentam um ou mais controladores de interface de rede que suportam portas Fast Ethernet ou Gigabit Ethernet integradas ao sistema principal em um chip (SoC) em torno do qual o roteador é construído. Um switch Ethernet conforme descrito no IEEE 802.1Q pode interconectar várias portas. Alguns roteadores implementam agregação de link através do qual duas ou mais portas podem ser usadas juntas, melhorando o rendimento e a redundância.

Todos os roteadores sem fio possuem um ou mais controladores de interface de rede sem fio. Estes também são integrados ao SoC principal ou podem ser chips separados na placa de circuito impresso. Também pode ser uma placa distinta conectada por uma interface MiniPCI ou MiniPCIe. Alguns roteadores sem fio de banda dupla operam o 2.4 GHz e 5 bandas de GHz simultaneamente. Os controladores sem fio suportam uma parte da família padrão IEEE 802.11 e muitos roteadores sem fio de banda dupla têm taxas de transferência de dados superiores a 300 Mbit/s (Para 2,4 banda GHz) e 450 Mbit/s (Para 5 banda GHz). Alguns roteadores sem fio fornecem múltiplos fluxos permitindo múltiplas taxas de transferência de dados (por exemplo, um roteador sem fio de três fluxos permite transferências de até 1,3 Gbit/s no 5 bandas de GHz).

Alguns roteadores sem fio possuem uma ou duas portas USB. Eles podem ser usados para conectar uma impressora ou unidade de disco rígido externa móvel ou desktop para ser usado como um recurso compartilhado na rede. Uma porta USB também pode ser usada para conectar o modem de banda larga móvel, além de conectar o roteador sem fio a uma Ethernet com xDSL ou modem a cabo. Um adaptador USB de banda larga móvel pode ser conectado ao roteador para compartilhar a conexão de Internet de banda larga móvel por meio da rede sem fio. Alguns roteadores sem fio vêm com modem xDSL, modem DOCSIS, modem LTE ou modem de fibra óptica integrado.

O botão de clonagem de Wi-Fi simplifica a configuração de Wi-Fi e cria uma rede doméstica unificada perfeita, habilitando o Super Range Extension, o que significa que ele pode copiar automaticamente o SSID e a senha do seu roteador.

Sistema operacional

O sistema operacional mais comum nesses dispositivos incorporados é o Linux. Com menos frequência, o VxWorks é usado. Os dispositivos são configurados em uma interface de usuário da web servida por um software de servidor web leve em execução no dispositivo. É possível que um computador executando um sistema operacional de desktop com software apropriado funcione como um roteador sem fio. Isso é comumente chamado de SoftAP.

Em 2003, a Linksys foi forçada a abrir o firmware de sua série de roteadores WRT54G (os roteadores mais vendidos de todos os tempos) depois que as pessoas na lista de discussão do kernel Linux descobriram que ele usava o código GPL Linux. Em 2008, a Cisco foi processada na Free Software Foundation, Inc. v. Cisco Systems, Inc devido a problemas semelhantes com roteadores Linksys. Desde então, vários projetos de código aberto foram construídos sobre essa base, incluindo OpenWrt, DD-WRT e Tomato.

Em 2016, vários fabricantes mudaram seu firmware para bloquear instalações personalizadas após uma decisão da FCC. No entanto, algumas empresas planejam continuar a oferecer suporte oficial a firmware de código aberto, incluindo Linksys e Asus.

Redes de computadores

Roteador sem fio


Aurelijus ist ein litauischer männlicher Vorname, abgeleitet von Aurelius. Die weibliche Form ist Aurelija.

Personen

 Aurelijus Gutauskas (* 1972), Strafrechtler und Kriminologe, Professor, Richter
 Aurelijus Skarbalius (* 1973), Fußballspieler und Trainer, Abwehrspieler
 Aurelijus Veryga (*  1976)  Psychiater, Professor und Politiker, Seimas-Mitglied, Gesundheitsminister

Männlicher Vorname
Litauischer Vorname

Aurelijus


Parti communiste japonais peut désigner :
 Parti communiste japonais, fondé en 1922 ;
 Parti communiste japonais (Faction de gauche), fondé en 1969 ;
 Parti communiste japonais (marxiste-léniniste), actif de 1974 à 1999 ;
 Parti communiste anarchiste japonais, actif de 1934 à 1935.

Voir aussi

Parti communiste japonais (homonymie)