François Timoléon, abbé de Choisy (; 16 August 1644 – 2 October 1724) was a French cross-dresser, abbé, and author. He wrote numerous works on church history as well as travelogues, memoirs and fiction.

Biography
De Choisy was born in Paris. His father was attached to the household of the duke of Orléans whilst his mother, who was on intimate terms with Anne of Austria, was regularly called upon to amuse Louis XIV. At his mother's whim, the boy was dressed like a girl until he was eighteen, and, after appearing for a short time in male clothing, resumed woman's dress on the (perhaps ironic) advice of Madame de La Fayette. Upon his mother's death, he inherited a large sum of money, allowing him to live a life of leisure. De Choisy delighted in the most extravagant toilettes until being publicly rebuked by the duc de Montausier, causing his retirement for some time to the provinces; thereupon, he allegedly used female appearance to serve numerous intrigues. However, doubt has been cast upon the veracity of these allegations, with historian Paul Scott of the University of Kansas stating "if you regard it [the memoir] with any scrutiny, there are implausibilities, contradictions, anachronisms and no contemporary corroboration whatsoever."

De Choisy was made an abbé in his childhood, and poverty, induced by extravagance, drove him to live on his benefice at Sainte-Seine in Burgundy, where a kindred spirit was found amongst his neighbours in Bussy-Rabutin. De Choisy visited Rome in the retinue of the cardinal de Bouillon in 1676, and shortly afterwards a serious illness brought about a sudden conversion to genuine religion.

In 1685, he accompanied the Chevalier de Chaumont on a mission to Siam. He was ordained a priest, and received various ecclesiastical preferments, such as the priory of Saint-Benoît-du-Sault in 1689. He was admitted to the Académie française on 24 July 1687.

Works
De Choisy wrote a number of historical and religious works, of which the most notable are the following:
Quatre dialogues sur l'immortalité de l'âme ... (1684), written with the Abbé Dangeau and explaining their conversion.
Histoire de l'Eglise (11 vols., 1703–1723)
De Choisy is remembered for his gossiping Mémoires (1737), which contains detailed portraits of his contemporaries, although there is some question about its historical accuracy.

The Mémoires passed through many editions, and were edited in 1868 by M. de Lescure. Some admirable letters of de Choisy are included in the correspondence of Bussy-Rabutin. De Choisy is said to have burnt some of their indiscreet revelations, but left a considerable quantity of unpublished manuscripts. Part of this material was surreptitiously used in an anonymous Histoire de madame la comtesse de Barres (Antwerp, 1735) and again with much editing in the Vie de M. l'abbé de Choisy (Lausanne and Geneva, 1742), ascribed by Paul Lacroix to Lenglet Dufresnoy; the text was finally edited (1870) by Lacroix as Aventures de l'abbé de Choisy. See also Sainte-Beuve, Causeries du lundi, vol. iii.

Influences
The Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711–1776) had de Choisy's Mémoires and account of Siam in his library.

References

External links
Famous Trannies in Early Modern Times

1644 births
1724 deaths
Members of the Académie Française
18th-century French historians
French male non-fiction writers
17th-century French LGBT people
French LGBT writers
Male-to-female cross-dressers
18th-century French memoirists

François-Timoléon de Choisy


Judita Bretonska (Judit) bila je normanska vojvotkinja.

Rođena 982., Judita je bila kći bretonskog vojvode Konana I. i njegove supruge, Ermengarde Gerberge, članice kuće Anjou. Judita se udala za Rikarda II. Normanskog te su postali roditelji Rikarda III., Alise Normanske, Roberta I., redovnika Vilima, Eleonore Normanske i redovnice Matilde.

Izvori

Normanske vojvotkinje
Normanska dinastija

Judita Bretonska


Kia, 1944 yılında Seul'de kurulmuştur. Güney Kore'nin ilk bisiklet ve otomobil üreticisidir. 1998 yılında Hyundai Motor Company ve Daimler-Chrysler ortaklığındaki konsorsiyum tarafından satın alınmıştır. Kia gerçek anlamda atılımını bu noktadan sonra gerçekleştirmiştir.

Kia Motorsun belirlediği 2010 hedefi olan Dünya'nın en büyük 5. otomobil markası olma yolunda birçok yeni sponsorluk anlaşmaları yapmıştır. Tenis ve futbol sporlarındaki sponsorluklarına FIFA ile 2007-2014 yılları arasında Ana Sponsorluk Antlaşmasını imzalayarak yenisini eklemiştir.

Dünyaca ünlü otomobil markası Kia, yeni vizyonu kapsamında logosunu ve sloganını güncelledi. Güney Kore'nin Incheon kentinde son derece görkemli bir gösteri ile logosunu lanse eden şirket, ayrıca söz konusu gösteri ile bir Guinness Dünya Rekoru da kırdı.

Kia Motors otomobilleri Türkiye'ye ilk defa 1992 yılından itibaren İhlas Holding disbüritörlğünde ithal edilmeye başlanmış ve 2001 yılında ise Kia Türkiye disbirütorlüğü Anadolu Grubu'na bağlı Çelik Motor'a devredilmiştir.

 Modeller Binek Araçlar Kia Capital
 Kia Pride
 Kia Sephia
 Kia Shuma
 Kia Clarus
 Kia Picanto
 Kia Rio
 Kia Cerato
 Kia cee'd
 Kia Magentis
 Kia Optima
 Kia Opirus
 Kia Cadenza
 Kia Quoris
 Kia StingerSUV & MPV Kia Venga
 Kia Carens
 Kia Carnival
 Kia Soul
 Kia Sportage
 Kia Sorento
 Kia Stonic
 Kia TellurideTicari'
 Kia Besta
 Kia Pregio
 Kia Ceres
 Kia Bongo

2008 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası sponsorları
1944'te kurulan şirketler
Kia
Güney Kore merkezli otomotiv şirketleri
Otomobil markaları
İhlas Holding
Anadolu Grubu

Kia


Yaylageriş, Samsun ilinin Tekkeköy ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Daha önceleri Sarıyurt köyüne bağlı bir mahalle iken, 27 Şubat 1947'de köy statüsü kazandı. 2012 yılındaki yasa değişikliğinden sonra yeniden mahalle oldu.

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 30 km, Tekkeköy ilçesine 17 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Tekkeköy'ün mahalleleri

Yaylageriş, Tekkeköy


An Carex vallis-pulchrae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Rodolfo Amando Philippi. An Carex vallis-pulchrae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 C. v. barrosiana
 C. v. vallis-pulchrae

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex vallis-pulchrae


Glazba u 1953. godini.

Svijet

Izdanja
Objavljeni studijski, koncertni i kompilacijski albumi, singlovi, maksi singlovi, EP-ovi.
Za poznate glazbenike koje su tad objavili djelo, ali nisu ga objavili nosaču zvuka kod izdavačke kuće, nego u vlastitom izdanju, to ulazi ovdje. Isto vrijedi i za one glazbenike koji (ni)su djelovali u doba kad nije bilo nosača zvuka, nego su djelo objavili u pisanom obliku.

Koncertne turneje
Održane koncertne turneje.

Istaknuti koncerti
Povijesno važni koncerti, prvi povijesni koncert nekog glazbenog subjekta ili posljednji (oproštajni) koncert nekog glazbenog subjekta.

Europska natjecanja
Europska glazbena natjecanja.

Osnivanja
Osnivanja poznatih izdavačkih kuća, sastava, prvi glazbeni angažman, glazbenih emisija na radiju, televiziji, glazbenih časopisa ili portala, pokretanje glazbene manifestacije, izgradnja poznate koncertne dvorane ili otvaranje poznatog glazbenog kluba, pojava (nastanak ili dolakak) glazbenog pravca i sl.

Gašenja i raspuštanja
Gašenja ili preuzimanja poznatih izdavačkih kuća, sastava, glazbenih emisija na radiju, televiziji, glazbenih časopisa ili portala, glazbene manifestacije, raspuštanja glazbenih subjekata i sl.

Rođenja
Rođenja poznatih glazbenika i osoba u svezi s glazbom.
 6. siječnja – Malcolm Young
 10. siječnja – Pat Benatar
 26. veljače –  Michael Bolton
 5. travnja – Keiko Han
 4. svibnja – Pia Zadora
 8. svibnja – Alex Van Halen
 14. svibnja – Tom Cochrane
 15. svibnja – Mike Oldfield
 7. lipnja – Johnny Clegg
 16. lipnja – Ian Mosley
 14. kolovoza –  James Horner
 10. listopada – Midge Ure
 15. listopada –  Tito Jackson
 12. prosinca – Bruce Kulick

Smrti
Smrti poznatih glazbenika i osoba u svezi s glazbom.

Ostalo
Uvođenje novih nosača zvuka, medijskog servisa i distribucijskog kanala i sl.

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Kandidiranje za europska i svjetska natjecanja

Festivali

Nagrade

Izdanja
Objavljeni studijski, koncertni i kompilacijski albumi, singlovi, maksi singlovi, EP-ovi.
Za poznate glazbenike koje su tad objavili djelo, ali nisu ga objavili nosaču zvuka kod izdavačke kuće, nego u vlastitom izdanju, to ulazi ovdje. Isto vrijedi i za one glazbenike koji (ni)su djelovali u doba kad nije bilo nosača zvuka, nego su djelo objavili u pisanom obliku.

Osnivanja
Osnivanja poznatih izdavačkih kuća, udruga, sastava, prvi glazbeni angažman, glazbenih emisija na radiju, televiziji, glazbenih časopisa ili portala, pokretanje glazbene manifestacije, izgradnja poznate koncertne dvorane ili otvaranje poznatog glazbenog kluba, pojava (nastanak ili dolakak) glazbenog pravca i sl.

Gašenja i raspuštanja
Gašenja ili preuzimanja poznatih izdavačkih kuća, sastava, glazbenih emisija na radiju, televiziji, glazbenih časopisa ili portala, glazbene manifestacije, raspuštanja glazbenih subjekata i sl.

Rođenja
Rođenja poznatih glazbenika i osoba u svezi s glazbom.
 19. prosinca – Jura Stublić

Smrti
Smrti poznatih glazbenika i osoba u svezi s glazbom.

Ostalo
Uvođenje novih nosača zvuka, medijskog servisa i distribucijskog kanala i sl.

Izvori

1953.
Godine 20. stoljeća

Glazba u 1953.


Tantuni este denumirea unei paste făinoase, iofca (tr. yufka), rulată și umplută cu carne de vițel sau de miel fiartă și tocată și grăsime de miel, roșii, ceapă, o legătură de pătrunjel, ardei iute măcinat, chimen și piper negru măcinat.

Preparatul este specific bucătăriei turcești (provincia Mersin). În Mersin are loc anual Festivalul Tantuni.

Tantuni este servit în mod tradițional cu lamaie, ardei iute (turșu) și șalgam, un suc de nap. Pe lângă șalgam este servit de multe ori, la tantuni, ayran.

Bucătăria turcă

Tantuni


Pasarela din Luxemburg este un viaduct cu arce, construit între 1859 și 1861 pentru a conecta noile cartiere () cu orașul vechi sau . Acest viaduct a înlocuit un pod de lemn deja existent, de unde și numele.

A fost proiectat de inginerii Edouard Grenier și Auguste Letellier.

Lucrările de construcție au fost executate de către compania britanică Waring Brothers.

Dimensiunile viaductului:
 Lungime: 290 m
 Înălțimea peste Petrusse: 45 m
 Număr de arce: 24
 Distanța între pile: 8-15 m
Luxemburg (oraș)

Pasarela din Luxemburg


Dra. G: Médico Forense () es una serie docu-reality (documental y reality show) de televisión que se estrenó el 22 de julio de 2004, en el canal de televisión estadounidense Discovery Health. El último episodio fue en febrero de 2012 tras la desaparición del canal Discovery Health en Estados Unidos 31 de diciembre de 2010, el programa pasó a emitirse en su sucesor Discovery Fit & Heath (Actualmente llamado Discovery Life), el fin de la serie fue en 2012.

Descripción
Esta serie presenta a la doctora Jan Garavaglia, también conocida como la Dra. G, una prestigiosa médico forense que trabaja en la morgue del Distrito 9 en Orlando, Florida, donde tratará de resolver y explicar las causas de muerte de cada fallecido en la morgue. La serie tiene algunas dramatizaciones para explicar detalladamente como sucedió el problema y como lo están investigando.

En cada episodio de la Dra. G: Médico Forense, se centra en dos o tres casos que Garavaglia ha logrado resolver con maestría y precisión científica.

Enlaces externos
Sitio oficial en inglés

Programas de televisión de Discovery Channel
Series de televisión documentales

Dra. G: Médica Forense


Güneysınır, Konya ilinin bir ilçesidir. Konya'ya 75 km uzaklıkta, Konya-Karaman D715 karayolunun 11 km batısında yer alan ilçe merkezini oluşturan iki yerleşim yeri, Osmanlı döneminde Karasınır ve Elmasun olarak bilinen köyler idi. Her iki köyle ilgili kayıtlara, 1531 tarihli Muhasebe Defteri'nde ve 1584 tarihli tahrir defterlerinde rastlanmaktadır. Ayrıca Elmasun, 19. yüzyılda Batılı coğrafyacılar tarafından hazırlanan çeşitli haritalarda, örneğin Tallis tarafından yayınlanan 1851 tarihli Asia Minor haritasında gösterilmektedir. Her iki köy cumhuriyet döneminde önce Bozkır ilçesine bağlı iken, 1955 yılında Çumra ilçesine bağlanmıştır. 9 Mayıs 1990 tarihinde ise Güneybağ ve Karasınır kasabaları ile Emirhan köyünün birleşmesiyle "Güneysınır" adını alarak ilçe statüsüne kavuşmuştur. İlçe, idare binalarının Karasınır ve Güneybağ mahallelerinin arasındaki alana taşınmasıyla bugünkü görünümüne kavuşmuştur.

Halk arasında "Gavur Hüyüğü" ve "Güdelesin" diye bilinen hüyükten ve civardaki bazı köylerden, eski çağlara ait topraktan yapılmış çanak, çömlek, tuğla ile madenî eşya kalıntılarının ortaya çıkmış olması; ilçede yerleşik hayatın çok eski zamanlarda başlamış olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bilge Umar'ın Türkiye'deki Tarihsel Adlar kitabında Elmasun adının etimolojisi Hititlerden önce Orta Anadolu'ya hakim olan Luwi diline dayandırılmaktadır.

İlçenin adı, Güneybağ'daki "Güney" ile Karasınır'daki "sınır" kelimelerinin birleştirilmesiyle türetilmiştir. 1990'da ilçenin kuruluşu sırasında, Güneybağ'daki "bağ" ile Karasınır'daki "Kara" kelimelerinin birleştirilmesi sonucunda ilçenin adının Karabağ olması önerildiyse de, aynı adı taşıyan bir kasabanın Cihanbeyli ilçesinde bulunması nedeniyle Güneysınır tercih edilmiştir.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Güneysınır Kaymakamlığı
 Güneysınır Belediyesi

Güneysınır


Noua Șvabia (în limba germană: Neuschwabenland), este o zonă din Antarctica cu o suprafață de 600 000 km2 situată între longitudinea de 20° E și 10° W, pe teritoriul Țara Reginei Maud, și care a fost revendicată de către Germania nazistă de la 19 ianuarie 1939 până la 8 mai anul 1945.

În anul 1938 a avut loc o expediție secretă germană în Antarctica. La 17 decembrie 1938, nava MS Schwabenland condusă de  Alfred Ritscher, căpitan în Kriegsmarine, cu 33 de oameni la bord și 2 hidroavioane Dornier Do J, Passat și Boreas, a plecat din portul Hamburg. Nava acostează  la 19 ianuarie 1939 pe Coasta Prințesa Martha, teritoriu pe care l-au numit Neuschwabenland (Noua Șvabia) și se începe imediat cartografierea zonei. Avioanele au efectuat mai multe zboruri de recunoaștere, și peste 16.000 de fotografii aeriene care includeau munți și lacuri neacoperite de gheață.

Pe teritoriul Noua Șvabia, Germania a început construirea unei baze de cercetare în Antarctica, denumită Point 211, pentru conceperea de arme ultra secrete, cât și o bază militară în care accesul se făcea cu submarine. Totodată, se pare că aici ar fi trebuit să se afle și refugiul pentru elita conducătoare nazistă.

Alte două expediții au fost planificate în Antarctica în anii 1939-1940 și 1940-1941, dar au fost anulate datorită izbucnirii celui de-al doilea război mondial. Cea de-a doua expediție avea ca scop fezabilitatea instituirii de baze navale, pentru a da posibilitatea Germaniei a se impune pe continent și pentru a controla o parte din Oceanul Indian și Strîmtoarea Drake.

În anul 1943, britanicii au desfășurat în Antarctica operațiunea Tabarin, pentru înființarea unei baze permanente.

Note

Vezi și
 Operațiunea Highjump

Legături externe

 Antarctica - A Nazi Base? - An Excerpt From Alien Agenda
 Cristoff Friedrich-Secret Nazi Polar Expeditions
 Popular Videos - Swabia & MS Schwabenland Serie de documentare la YouTube

Istoria Antarcticii
Teritorii revendicate în Antarctica
Foste colonii germane
Teorii conspirative

Noua Șvabia


Jamalpur (en hindi: जमालपुर ) es una ciudad de la India, en el distrito de Munger, estado de Bihar.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 46  a 188 km de la capital estatal, Patna, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2011 contaba con una población de 105 406 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Bihar
Localidades a orillas del río Ganges

Jamalpur


Itapé est le nom de :
 Itapé, une municipalité de l'État de Bahia au Brésil ;
 , une municipalité du département de Guairá au Paraguay.

Itapé


A hand plane is a tool for shaping wood using muscle power to force the cutting blade over the wood surface. Some rotary power planers are motorized power tools used for the same types of larger tasks, but are unsuitable for fine-scale planing, where a miniature hand plane is used.

Generally, all planes are used to flatten, reduce the thickness of, and impart a smooth surface to a rough piece of lumber or timber. Planing is also used to produce horizontal, vertical, or inclined flat surfaces on workpieces usually too large for shaping, where the integrity of the whole requires the same smooth surface. Special types of planes are designed to cut joints or decorative mouldings.

Hand planes are generally the combination of a cutting edge, such as a sharpened metal plate, attached to a firm body, that when moved over a wood surface, take up relatively uniform shavings, by nature of the body riding on the 'high spots' in the wood, and also by providing a relatively constant angle to the cutting edge, render the planed surface very smooth. A cutter that extends below the bottom surface, or sole, of the plane slices off shavings of wood. A large, flat sole on a plane guides the cutter to remove only the highest parts of an imperfect surface, until, after several passes, the surface is flat and smooth. When used for flattening, bench planes with longer soles are preferred for boards with longer longitudinal dimensions. A longer sole registers against a greater portion of the board's face or edge surface which leads to a more consistently flat surface or straighter edge. Conversely, using a smaller plane allows for more localized low or high spots to remain.

Though most planes are pushed across a piece of wood, holding it with one or both hands, Japanese planes are pulled toward the body, not pushed away.

Woodworking machinery that perform a similar function as hand planes include the jointer and the thickness planer, also called a thicknesser; the job these specialty power tools can still be done by hand planers and skilled manual labor as it was for many centuries. When rough lumber is reduced to dimensional lumber, a large electric motor or internal combustion engine will drive a thickness planer that removes a certain percentage of excess wood to create a uniform, smooth surface on all four sides of the board and in specialty woods, may also plane the cut edges.

History

Hand planes are ancient, originating thousands of years ago. Early planes were made from wood with a rectangular slot or mortise cut across the center of the body. The cutting blade or iron was held in place with a wooden wedge. The wedge was tapped into the mortise and adjusted with a small mallet, a piece of scrap wood or with the heel of the user's hand. Planes of this type have been found in excavations of old sites as well as drawings of woodworking from medieval Europe and Asia. The earliest known examples of the woodworking plane have been found in Pompeii although other Roman examples have been unearthed in Britain and Germany. The Roman planes resemble modern planes in essential function, most having iron wrapping a wooden core top, bottom, front and rear, and an iron blade secured with a wedge.  One example found in Cologne has a body made entirely of bronze without a wooden core.  A Roman plane iron used for cutting moldings was found in Newstead, England. Histories prior to these examples are not clear although furniture pieces and other woodwork found in Egyptian tombs show surfaces carefully smoothed with some manner of cutting edge or scraping tool.  There are suggestions that the earliest planes were simply wooden blocks fastened to the soles of adzes to effect greater control of the cutting action.

In the mid-1860s, Leonard Bailey began producing a line of cast iron-bodied hand planes, the patents for which were later purchased by Stanley Rule & Level, now Stanley Works. The original Bailey designs were further evolved and added to by Justus Traut and others at Stanley Rule & Level. The Bailey and Bedrock designs became the basis for most modern metal hand plane designs manufactured today. The Bailey design is still manufactured by Stanley Works.

In 1918 an air-powered handheld planing tool was developed to reduce shipbuilding labor during World War I. The air-driven cutter spun at 8000 to 15000 rpm and allowed one man to do the planing work of up to fifteen men who used manual tools.

Modern hand planes are made from wood, ductile iron or bronze which produces a tool that is heavier and will not rust.

Parts

The standard components of a hand plane include:
 A: mouth; an opening in the sole of the plane through which the blade extends, and through which wood shavings rise.
 B: iron; a steel blade which cuts the wood.
 C: lever cap; secures the cap iron and iron firmly to the frog.
 D: depth adjustment knob; controls the cutting depth of the iron.
 E: knob; allows a second hand to guide the plane.
 F: cap iron or chipbreaker; reinforces the iron and curls and breaks apart wood shavings as they pass through the mouth.
 G: lateral adjustment lever; skews the iron so that the depth of cut is uniform across the mouth.
 H: tote; the principal handle for gripping the plane.
 I: cam lever; which pivots a sliding section of the forward end of the sole to adjust the gap in the plane's mouth.  It is anchored to the threaded post of the knob and secured by tightening the knob.
 J: frog ; an adjustable iron wedge that holds the plane iron at the proper angle and allows it to be varied in depth relative to the sole. The frog is screwed down to the inside of the sole through two parallel slots and on many planes is only adjustable with a screwdriver when the plane iron is removed. Some planes, such as the Stanley Bedrock line and bench planes made by Lie-Nielsen and WoodRiver/Woodcraft have a screw mechanism that allows the frog to be adjusted without removing the blade.
 sole; the bottom face of the plane.

Types

Most planes fall within the categories (by size) of  block plane, smoothing plane, and jointing plane. Specialty planes include the shoulder plane, router plane, bullnose plane, and chisel plane, among others.

Electrically powered hand planers (loosely referred to as power planes) have joined the hand-held plane family.

"Bench planes" are characterized by having their cutting bevel facing down and attached to a chipbreaker. Most metal bench planes, and some larger wooden ones, are designed with a rear handle known as a tote. "Block planes" are characterized by the absence of a chipbreaker and the cutting iron bedded with the bevel up. The block plane is a smaller tool that can be held with one hand which excels at working against the grain on a cut end of a board.  It is also good for general purpose work such as taking down a knot in the wood, smoothing small pieces, and chamfering edges.

Different types of bench planes are designed to perform different tasks, with the name and size of the plane being defined by the use.  Bailey iron bench planes were designated by number respective to the length of the plane.  This has carried over through the type, regardless of manufacturer.  A No. 1 plane is but little more than five inches long.  A typical smoothing plane (approx. nine inches) is usually a No. 4, jack planes at about fourteen inches are No. 5, an eighteen-inch fore plane will be a No. 6, and the jointer planes at twenty-two to twenty-four inches in length are No. 7 or 8 respectively.  A designation, such as No. 4½ indicates a plane of No. 4 length but slightly wider. A designation, such as 5-1/2 indicates the length of a No. 5 but slightly wider (actually, the width of a No. 6 or a No. 7), while a designation, such as 5-1/4 indicates the length of a No. 5 but slightly narrower (actually, the width of a No. 3). "Bedrock" versions of the above are simply 600 added to the base number (although no "601" was ever produced, such plane is indeed available from specialist dealers; 602 through 608, including all the fractionals, were made).

Order of use

A typical order of use in flattening, truing, and smoothing a rough sawn board might be:
 A scrub plane, which removes large amounts of wood quickly, is typically around  long, but narrower than a smoothing plane, has an iron with a convex cutting edge and has a wider mouth opening to accommodate the ejection of thicker shavings/chips.
 A jack plane is up to  long, continues the job of roughing out, but with more accuracy and flattening capability than the scrub.
 A jointer plane (including the smaller  fore plane) is between  long, and is used for jointing and final flattening out of boards.
 A smoothing plane, up to  long, is used to begin preparing the surface for finishing.
 A polishing plane (kanna) is a traditional Japanese plane designed to take a smaller shaving than a Western smoothing plane to create an extremely smooth surface. Polishing planes are the same length as western smoothing planes, and unlike Western planes, which are pushed across a board, is pulled with both hands towards the user.

Material
Planes may also be classified by the material of which they are constructed:
 A wooden plane is entirely wood except for the blade. The iron is held into the plane with a wooden wedge and is adjusted by striking the plane with a hammer.
 A transitional plane has a wooden body with a metal casting set in it to hold and adjust the blade.
 A metal plane is largely constructed of metal, except, perhaps, for the handles.
 An infill plane has a body of metal filled with very dense and hardwood on which the blade rests and the handles are formed. They are typically of English or Scottish manufacture. They are prized for their ability to smooth difficult grained woods when set very finely.
 A side-escapement plane has a tall, narrow, wooden body with an iron held in place by a wedge. They are characterized by the method of shaving ejection. Instead of being expelled from the center of the plane and exiting from the top, these planes have a slit in the side by which the shaving is ejected. On some variations, the slit is accompanied by a circular bevel cut in the side of the plane.

Special purposes

Some special types of planes include:
 The rabbet plane, also known as a rebate or openside plane, which cuts rabbets (rebates) i.e. shoulders, or steps.
 The shoulder plane, is characterized by a cutter that is flush with the edges of the plane, allowing trimming right up to the edge of a workpiece. It is commonly used to clean up dadoes (housings) and tenons for joinery.

 The fillister plane, similar to a rabbet plane, with a fence that registers on the board's edge to cut rabbets with an accurate width.
 The moulding plane, which is used to cut mouldings along the edge of a board.
 The grooving plane which is used to cut grooves along the edge of a board for joining. Grooves are the same as dadoes/housings but are being distinguished by running with the grain.
 The plow/plough plane, which cuts grooves and dadoes (housings) not in direct contact with the edge of the board.
 The router plane, which cleans up the bottom of recesses such as shallow mortises, grooves, and dadoes (housings). Router planes come in several sizes and can also be pressed into service to thickness the cheeks of tenons so that they are parallel to the face of the board.
 The chisel plane, similar to a bullnose plane, but with an exposed blade which allows it to remove wood up to a perpendicular surface such as from the bottom inside of a box.

 The finger plane, which is used for smoothing very small pieces such as toy parts, very thin strips of wood, etc. The very small curved bottom varieties are known as violin makers planes and are used in making stringed instruments.
 The bullnose plane has a very short leading edge, or "toe", to its body, and so can be used in tight spaces; most commonly of the shoulder and rabbet variety. Some bullnose planes have a removable toe so that they can pull double duty as a chisel plane.

 The combination plane, which combines the function of moulding and rabbet planes, which has different cutters and adjustments.
 The circular or , which utilizes an adjustment system to control the flex on a steel sheet sole and create a uniform curve. A concave setting permits great control for planing large curves, like table sides or chair arms, and the convex works well for chair arms, legs and backs, and other applications. The compass plane, which has a flexible sole with an adjustable curve and is used to plane concave and convex surfaces. Typically used in wooden boat building.
 The toothed plane, which is used for smoothing wood with irregular grain. and for preparing stock for traditional hammer veneering applications.
 The spill plane  which creates long, spiraling wood shavings or tapers
 The spar plane, which is used for smoothing round shapes, like boat masts and chair legs.
 The match plane, which is used for making tongue and groove boards.
 Hollows and Rounds are similar to moulding planes, but lack a specific moulding profile. Instead, they cut either a simple concave or convex shape on the face or edge of a board to create a single element of a complex-profile moulding. They are used in pairs or sets of various sizes to create moulding profile elements such as fillets, coves, bullnoses, thumbnails ovolos, ogees, etc. When making mouldings, hollows and rounds must be used together to create the several shapes of the profile. However, they may be used as a single plane to create a simple decorative cove or round-over on the edge of a board. Many of these hollows and rounds can be classified in the category of side-escapement planes.

Use

Planing wood along its side grain should result in thin shavings rising above the surface of the wood as the edge of the plane iron is pushed forward, leaving a smooth surface, but sometimes splintering occurs. This is largely a matter of cutting with the grain or against the grain respectively, referring to the side grain of the piece of wood being worked.

The grain direction can be determined by looking at the edge or side of the work piece. Wood fibers can be seen running out to the surface that is being planed. When the fibers meet the work surface it looks like the point of an arrow that indicates the direction. With some very figured and difficult woods, the grain runs in many directions and therefore working against the grain is inevitable. In this case, a very sharp and finely-set blade is required.

When planing against the grain, the wood fibers are lifted by the plane iron, resulting in a jagged finish, called tearout.

Planing across the grain is sometimes called "traverse" or "transverse" planing.

Planing the end grain of the board involves different techniques and frequently different planes designed for working end grain. Block planes and other bevel-up planes are often effective in planing the difficult nature of end grain. These planes are usually designed to use an iron bedded at a "low angle," typically about 12 degrees.

See also
 Card scraper
 Cheese slicer, a culinary plane-like tool
 Planer (disambiguation) for other types of planing tools and machines
 Shooting board
 Spokeshave
 Buswartehobel, a plane-shaped bus stop shelter in Zachenberg

Plane-makers
 Alexander Mathieson & Sons, a Scottish plane manufacturer
 Cesar Chelor, earliest documented plane-maker from North America.
 Holtzapffel, a London plane manufacturer
 Lie-Nielsen Toolworks, a U.S. maker of artisan tools
 Millers Falls Company, plane-maker
 T. Norris & Son, a London plane-maker
 Edward Preston & Sons, a plane manufacturer
 Stanley Works, a major US plane manufacturer
 Stewart Spiers, a Scottish plane-maker
 Veritas Tools, a Canadian plane manufacturer

Citations

General and cited references
 Greber, Josef M. (1956, reprinted 1987) Die Geschichte des Hobels. Von der Steinheit bis zur Enstehung der Holzwerkzeugfabriken im frühen 19. Jahrhundert, Zurich, reprinted Hanover: Verlag Th. Schäfer. .
 Greber, Josef M., transl. by Seth W. Burchard (1991) The History of the Woodworking Plane from the Stone Age to the Development of Woodworking Factories in the Early 19th Century. Albany, NY: Early American Industries Association. .
 Hack, Garrett (1997) The Handplane Book. .
 Hoadley, R. Bruce (2000) Understanding Wood: A Craftsman's Guide to Wood Technology. .
 Russell, David R., with Robert Lesage and photographs by James Austin, cataloguing assisted by Peter Hackett (2010)  Antique Woodworking Tools: Their Craftsmanship from the Earliest Times to the Twentieth Century.  Cambridge: John Adamson. . .
 Salaman, R. A. (1989) Dictionary of Woodworking Tools. .
 Todd, R., Allen, D., Alting, L., Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide, p. 124, 1994
 Watson, Aldren A. (1982) Hand Tools: Their Ways and Workings. .
 Whelan, John M. (1993) The Wooden Plane: Its History, Form and Function Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press .

External links

 Handplane Central Information for all types of hand planes, including wooden planes, infill planes and Stanley type planes. Also information on how to make hand planes.
 Catalog of American Patented Antique Tools A pictorial collection of antique planes and other tools showing some of the variety in styles.
 The history, types, collector value and other information on the British hand plane maker Record Planes
 Old woodworking planes

Articles containing video clips
Woodworking hand tools

Plane (tool)


Michael Charles Gauntlet Wilding (23 July 1912 – 8 July 1979) was an English stage, television, and film actor. He is best known for a series of films he made with Anna Neagle; he also made two films with Alfred Hitchcock, Under Capricorn (1949) and Stage Fright (1950); and he guest starred on Hitchcock's TV show in 1963. He was married four times, including to Elizabeth Taylor, with whom he had two sons.

Biography

Early life
Born in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex, England, and educated at Christ's Hospital, Wilding left home at age 17 and trained as a commercial artist. He went to Europe when he was 20 and supported himself in Europe by doing sketches. He wanted to get into designing sets for films and approached a London film studio in 1933 looking for work. They invited him to come to work as an extra.

Acting career
Wilding appeared as an extra in British films such as Bitter Sweet (1933), Heads We Go (1933), and Channel Crossing (1933). He caught the acting bug and decided to make it a career. He reportedly appeared in an Austrian film called Pastorale.

He made his stage debut in The Ringer in 1934 for the Watford Repertory Company and made his London stage debut in Chase the Ace the following year. He could be spotted in the films Late Extra (1935), When Knights Were Bold (1936), and Wedding Group (1936). He was in two musicals on stage, Spread It Abroad and Home and Beauty.

In 1937–38 he toured Australia and New Zealand with Fay Compton's stage company. The plays included Personal Appearance, Victoria Regina, Tonight at Eight Thirty and George and Margaret. While in Australia he filmed a prologue for Personal Appearance.

Back in England he appeared in the first Gate Revue, then followed this with another revue, Let's Face It and a pantomime, Who's Taking Liberty.

He had bigger film parts in There Ain't No Justice (1939), Convoy (1940), and Tilly of Bloomsbury (1940). He had a good role in Sailors Three (1940), and Sailors Don't Care (1940).

Wilding had a leading role in Spring Meeting (1941) but was back to support parts in The Farmer's Wife (1941). His films grew more prestigious: Kipps (1941), Cottage to Let (1941), Ships with Wings (1941), The Big Blockade (1941), In Which We Serve (1942), Secret Mission (1942), and Undercover (1943). He played in Quiet Weekend on stage for a year. In 1943 he performed for the troops in Gibraltar with John Gielgud.

Stardom
Wilding finally became a film name with Dear Octopus (1943). He followed it with English Without Tears (1944).

Collaboration with Anna Neagle
What really made him a star was appearing opposite Anna Neagle in Piccadilly Incident (1946). Director Herbert Wilcox had wanted Rex Harrison or John Mills and had only taken Wilding reluctantly. However, once he saw the rushes he signed Wilding to a long-term contract. Piccadilly Incident was the second most popular film at the British box office in 1946. After co-starring with Sally Gray in Carnival (1946), Wilding was reunited with Neagle and Wilcox in The Courtneys of Curzon Street (1947), the biggest hit at the 1947 British box office and one of the most-seen British films of all time. Alexander Korda cast him opposite Paulette Goddard in An Ideal Husband (1947), another hit, but it failed to recoup its enormous cost. Wilding, Neagle and Wilcox reteamed for Spring in Park Lane (1948), another outstanding hit. It led to a sequel, Maytime in Mayfair (1949), which was also enormously popular.

Wilding was now one of the biggest stars in Britain—indeed he was voted as such by the readers of Kine Weekly. Director Alfred Hitchcock then cast him in two consecutive films that he produced through his own film production company Transatlantic Pictures (distributed through Warner Brothers Pictures). The first, Under Capricorn (released in 1949), in which he played opposite Ingrid Bergman and Joseph Cotten, was shot mostly in London but had final retakes and overdubs filmed in Hollywood. It was one of Hitchcock's few flops. His second film for Hitchcock was the more popular Stage Fright (released in 1950), also filmed in London, with Marlene Dietrich and Jane Wyman. Thirteen years later, in 1963, Wilding starred in an Alfred Hitchcock Hour episode titled "Last Seen Wearing Blue Jeans".

Wilcox used him in a film without Neagle, Into the Blue (1950) and the public response was considerably less enthusiastic than for the films they made together. He put Anouk Aimée under personal contract and announced plans to make a movie together but none resulted.

Hollywood
MGM made an offer for Wilding to appear opposite Greer Garson in The Law and the Lady (1951); the film was not a success. He returned to Britain for The Lady with a Lamp (1951), a biopic of Florence Nightingale with Neagle and Wilcox. It was popular in Britain, though less so than their earlier collaborations.

So too was Derby Day (1952), the last Neagle–Wilding collaboration. Wilcox tried Wilding with a new star, Margaret Lockwood, in Trent's Last Case (1952), a minor hit. In 1952 British exhibitors voted him the fourth most popular star at the local box office.

In May 1952 Wilding signed a long-term contract with MGM. He turned down a role in MGM's Latin Lovers and the studio put him under suspension.

In Hollywood, Wilding supported Joan Crawford in MGM's Torch Song (1953). 20th Century Fox borrowed him to play a pharaoh in their big budget spectacular, The Egyptian (1954), which was a box office disappointment.

At MGM he was Prince Charming to Leslie Caron's Cinderella in The Glass Slipper (1955), and Major John André in The Scarlet Coat (1956).

Supporting actor
Wilding journeyed with Taylor to Africa to appear in Zarak (1956) for Warwick Films, after which his marriage to Taylor ended. He began appearing regularly on U.S. television, including the title role in the 1957 episode "The Trial of Colonel Blood" of NBC's anthology series The Joseph Cotten Show.

He had some roles in Danger Within (1959), a POW movie; The World of Suzie Wong (1960); The Naked Edge (1961); The Best of Enemies (1961); and A Girl Named Tamiko (1962).

Final films
His last roles included The Sweet Ride (1968) and Waterloo (1970).

His last appearance in a feature was in a cameo in Lady Caroline Lamb (1972), which co-starred his last wife, Margaret Leighton. His last role was in the TV movie Frankenstein: The True Story (1973).

Box-office ranking
At the peak of his career, British exhibitors voted him among the most popular stars in the country:

 1947—seventh most popular British star
 1948—fifth most popular star
 1949—second most popular star
 1950—sixth most popular British star
 1951—tenth most popular star
 1952 fourth most popular British star

Personal life
Wilding was married four times: to Kay Young (married August 1937, separated December 1945, divorced December 1951); Elizabeth Taylor (married February 1952, separated July 1956, divorced January 1957); Susan Nell (married February 1958, divorced July 1962); and Margaret Leighton (married from July 1964 until her death in January 1976).

He and Taylor, who was 20 years his junior, had two sons, Michael Howard (born January 6, 1953) and Christopher Edward (born February 27, 1955). In 1957 he had a short-lived romance with actress Marie McDonald, who was nicknamed The Body.

In the 1960s he was forced to cut back on his film appearances because of illness related to his lifelong epilepsy.

Death
Wilding died on 8 July 1979 in Chichester, West Sussex, as a result of head injuries from a fall down a flight of stairs during an epileptic seizure. His body was cremated and the ashes were scattered.

Filmography

Television

See also

 List of British actors
 List of people educated at Christ's Hospital
 List of people from Chichester
 List of people with epilepsy

References

External links

 Photographs and literature

|-
!colspan="3" style="background:#C1D8FF;"| Husband of Elizabeth Taylor

1912 births
1979 deaths
20th-century English male actors
Accidental deaths in England
Deaths from epilepsy
People with epilepsy
British actors with disabilities
Male actors from Essex
Male actors from Sussex
English talent agents
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
People educated at Christ's Hospital
People from Chichester
People from Leigh-on-Sea
Neurological disease deaths in England
Accidental deaths from falls

Michael Wilding


Kata, tek ya da eşli olarak yapılan, detaylı olarak düzenlenmiş hareketler dizisi anlamına gelen Japonca bir sözcüktür. Kata sözcüğü, dövüş sanatları, geleneksel Japon tiyatrosu Kabuki ve geleneksel çay seremonisine kadar birçok Japon kültürü öğesinde kullanım alanı bulmuştur. Kata, aikido, iaido, judo, jujutsu, kendo ve karate gibi tüm Japonya ve Okinawa kökenli dövüş sanatlarında kullanılır. Taiciçüen ve tekvando gibi diğer sporlarda da, Kata yerine Çince ya da Korece isimlerle aynı tür eğitim yapılır.

Dövüş sporlarında kata
Her savaş sanatında Kata eğitiminin çalışmasının yoğunluğu değişir. İaidoda tek başına çalışılan katalar, çalışmanın neredeyse tamamını oluştururken, judoda bir eş gerektiren katalar, sadece dan sınavları için çalışılır.

Kenjutsu eğitimin ilk seviyelerinde, katalar çok yavaş yapılırken, üst seviyelerde yüksek hızların çalışma arkadaşlarına zarar vermesi ancak sporcunun yüksek dikkati ve hassas hareketleri ile önlenebilir. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı, zamanlama ve uzaklıkların sporcu tarafından sezgisel olarak kavranabilir oluncaya kadar tekrar edilmesidir.

Birçok dövüş sporu karşılaşmasında Kata dalında yarışmalar yapılır. Hakemler tarafından puanlamada değer verilenler, stilin tekniğini ön plana çıkarmak, denge, zamanlama ve sanal dövüşün gerçekçi görünmesidir.

Karate'de kata

Karate eğitiminde kullanılan kata, yürüyerek ve kendi etrafında dönerek çeşitli yönlere, ortalama 20 ila 70 arası tekniğin uygulandığı, karate vuruş ve bloklarını çok tekrar yaparak kusursuz hale getirmek amacı ile yapılan bir çalışmadır. Her stilin küçük ya da büyük farklılıklarla çalıştığı yaklaşık olarak 100 kata bilinmektedir. Bazen katalar; 54 adım anlamına gelen Gojūshiho katası gibi içerdikleri teknik sayısına göre adlandırılırlar. Bazen de teknik sayıları ve kata isimleri, Budizm'deki inanışlara gönderme yapar.

Genel olarak tüm karate stillerinde kata eğitimi, çok basit temel tekniklerin, duruşların ve yürüyüşlerin çalışıldığı birkaç temel kata ile başlar. Alt seviyedeki öğrenci, daha ileri teknikleri öğrenebilmek için önce bu temel katalarda usta olmalıdır. Dojolarda yapılan kemer sınavlarında öğrenciden, ilk öğrendiği katadan itibaren tüm kataları başarı ile yapması beklenir. Ancak siyah kemer anlamına gelen 1. dan sınavında öğrencinin gözle görülür biçimde sert teknikler yapması ve dengesinin sarsılmaz olduğunu göstermesi beklenir.

Savaş sanatları
Karate

Kata


Premiul criticilor de film din New York pentru cel mai bun scenariu este un premiu anual acordat de New York Film Critics Circle.

Câștigători

Anii 1950

Anii 1960

Anii 1970

Anii 1980

Anii 1990

Anii 2000

Anii 2010

Vezi și
 Premiul criticilor de film din New York
 Premiul criticilor de film din New York pentru cel mai bun film
 Premiul criticilor de film din New York pentru cel mai bun actor
 Premiul criticilor de film din New York pentru cea mai bună actriță
 Premiul criticilor de film din New York pentru cel mai bun regizor
 Premiul criticilor de film din New York pentru cel mai bun actor în rol secundar
 Premiul criticilor de film din New York pentru cea mai bună actriță în rol secundar

Premii cinematografice pentru cel mai bun scenariu


Die Liste der Biografien führt alle Personen auf, die in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia einen Artikel haben. Dieses ist eine Teilliste mit 50 Einträgen von Personen, deren Namen mit den Buchstaben "Jep" beginnt.

Jep

Jepa
 Jepantschinzew, Wadim Sergejewitsch (* 1976), russischer Eishockeyspieler und -trainer
 Jeparov, Server (* 1982), usbekischer Fußballspieler

Jepc
 Jepchirchir, Peres (* 1993), kenianische Langstreckenläuferin
 Jepchumba, Violah (* 1990), bahrainische Langstreckenläuferin

Jeph
 Jephson, Arthur (1859–1908), britischer Afrikaforscher und Abenteurer
 Jephza (* 1990), deutscher Rapper

Jepi
 Jepischin, Andrei Sergejewitsch (* 1981), russischer Leichtathlet
 Jepischin, Wladimir Wiktorowitsch (* 1965), russischer Schachgroßmeister

Jepk
 Jepkemei, Daisy (* 1996), kasachische Hindernisläuferin kenianischer Herkunft
 Jepkemoi, Winnie (* 1993), kenianische Langstreckenläuferin
 Jepkesho, Visiline (* 1989), kenianische Langstreckenläuferin
 Jepkoech, Monica (* 1983), kenianische Langstreckenläuferin
 Jepkosgei, Joyciline (* 1993), kenianische Langstreckenläuferin

Jepp
 Jeppe, Barbara (1921–1999), südafrikanische Malerin
 Jeppe, Carl (1858–1933), deutschstämmiger Jurist, Geschäftsmann und Politiker in Südafrika
 Jeppe, Julius (1859–1929), südafrikanischer Immobilienunternehmer und Magnat
 Jeppe, Karen (1876–1935), dänische evangelische Missionarin und Retterin von Armeniern in Urfa und Aleppo
 Jeppe, Wilhelm (1900–1978), deutscher SS-Führer
 Jeppesen, Elrey B. (1907–1996), US-amerikanischer Luftfahrtpionier
 Jeppesen, Jane (1927–2017), dänische Schauspielerin
 Jeppesen, Jeppe M. (1944–2009), dänischer Kameramann
 Jeppesen, Jørn (1919–1964), dänischer Schauspieler
 Jeppesen, Knud (1892–1974), dänischer Musikforscher und Komponist
 Jeppesen, Kristian (1924–2014), dänischer Klassischer Archäologe und Bauforscher
 Jeppesen, Lars Krogh (* 1979), dänischer Handballspieler
 Jeppson, Hasse (1925–2013), schwedischer Fußballspieler
 Jeppsson, Christian, schwedischer Pokerspieler
 Jeppsson, Simon (* 1995), schwedischer Handballspieler

Jepr
 Jeprew, Maxim Sergejewitsch (* 1988), russischer Eishockeyspieler

Jeps
 Jepsen, Alfred (1900–1979), deutscher lutherischer Theologe und Religionshistoriker
 Jepsen, Allan Kierstein (* 1977), dänischer Fußballspieler
 Jepsen, Asmus (1901–1945), deutscher Marinesoldat und Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft
 Jepsen, Carly Rae (* 1985), kanadische Singer-Songwriterin
 Jepsen, Conny (1921–1989), dänischer Badmintonspieler
 Jepsen, Erling (* 1956), dänischer Schriftsteller und Dramatiker
 Jepsen, George C. (* 1954), US-amerikanischer Rechtsanwalt und Politiker (Demokratische Partei)
 Jepsen, Glenn Lowell (1903–1974), US-amerikanischer Paläontologe
 Jepsen, Jørgen Grunnet (1927–1981), dänischer Journalist, Jazz-Autor und Diskograph
 Jepsen, Klaus (1936–2005), deutscher Schauspieler und Synchronsprecher
 Jepsen, Lise Lotte (* 2000), dänische Hammerwerferin
 Jepsen, Maria (* 1945), evangelische Bischöfin
 Jepsen, Mary Lou (* 1965), US-amerikanische Unternehmerin
 Jepsen, Matias Helt (* 1988), dänischer Handballspieler
 Jepsen, Roger (1928–2020), US-amerikanischer Politiker
 Jepsen, Thomas (* 1973), deutscher Bankkaufmann und Politiker (CDU), MdB
 Jepsen, Trine (* 1977), dänische Sängerin
 Jepsen-Föge, Dieter (* 1944), deutscher Journalist
 Jepson, Selwyn (1899–1989), englischer Schriftsteller
 Jepson, Willis Linn (1867–1946), US-amerikanischer Botaniker

Jept
 Jeptoo, Priscah (* 1984), kenianische Langstreckenläuferin

Liste der Biografien/Jep


Ansley es un apellido y un topónimo que puede hacer referencia a:

 Mike Ansley (1967), un jugador estadounidense de baloncesto profesional.
 Ansley, un municipio en el estado de Nebraska (Estados Unidos).
 Ansley, una villa en el estado anterior.
 Ansley, una parroquia civil y un pueblo en el condado de Warwickshire (Inglaterra).

Ansley


كالوني (Καλλονή) هي مدينة في ليسفوس في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 1728 نسمة.

المراجع

مدن اليونان
أماكن مأهولة في لسبوس

كالوني


An Kyllinga platyphylla in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Karl Moritz Schumann. An Kyllinga platyphylla in nahilalakip ha genus nga Kyllinga, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Kyllinga

Kyllinga platyphylla


روبرت لوريل كريبن  (11 سبتمبر 1937- ) ضابط بحري أمريكي متقاعد وطيار، وطيار اختبار، ومهندس فضاء ورائد فضاء متقاعد. سافر إلى الفضاء أربع مرات وكان طيار في رحلة STS-1 التي انطلقت في أبريل سنة 1981 وهي أول مهمة لمكوك فضاء، ثم كان قائد المركبة في رحلة STS-7 في يونيو سنة 1983، وسافر أيضا على متن الرحلة STS-41-C في أبريل سنة 1984، والرحلة STS-41-G في أكتوبر سنة 1984. حصل روبرت كريبن على ميدالية الشرف من الكونغرس الأمريكي.

شارك روبرت كريبن بفاعلية ونشاط في عمليات استرداد وتجميع جثامين وبقايا رواد فضاء مكوك تشالينجر، الذين قتلوا خلال رحلة عودتهم إلى الأرض نتيجة انفجار المكوك، وهي الحادثة التي تعرف باسم ( كارثة مكوك الفضاء تشالينجر).

التعليم والعمل
وُلد روبرت كريبن في مدينة بومونت في ولاية تكساس. تخرج من مدرسة نيوكاني الثانوية في تكساس عام 1955، وحصل على درجة بكالوريوس العلوم في هندسة الفضاء الجوي من جامعة تكساس في أوستن في عام 1960.

تم اختياره للعمل من خلال برنامج (المرشح لمدرسة ضابط الطيران بالبحرية الأمريكية (AOCS)) في محطة بنساكولا الجوية البحرية في فلوريدا. وواصل تدريبه على الطيران في محطة وايتينج الجوية في فلوريدا، ومن هناك غادر إلى محطة تشيس البحرة الجوية في بيفيل تكساس، حيث استلم جناحي الطيار ( شارة معدنية).

التحق بعد ذلك بالمدرسة التجريبية لأبحاث القوات الجوية الأمريكية في قاعدة إدواردز الجوية، كاليفورنيا. وبعد التخرج، بقي في إدواردز كمدرب حتى تم انتخابه لبرنامج الرحلات الفضائية لمختبر المدار الأمريكي (MOL) في أكتوبر 1966.

قام روبرت كريبن بالتحليق لأكثر من 6500 ساعة، بما في ذلك أكثر من 5500 ساعة طيران في طائرة نفاثة.

اقرأ أيضا
 رحلة الفضاء STS-1
 جون يونغ
كارثة مكوك الفضاء تشالينجر

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بومونت
أشخاص من مقاطعة مونغومري (تكساس)
أصحاب أعمال أمريكيون
أعضاء الأكاديمية الوطنية للهندسة في الولايات المتحدة
أعضاء قاعة مشاهير رواد الفضاء بالولايات المتحدة
أفراد عسكريون من تكساس
حائزون على صليب الطيران المتميز (الولايات المتحدة)
حاصلون على ميدالية الخدمة المتميزة لناسا
حاصلون على وسام ناسا للخدمة الاستثنائية
خريجو كلية تدريب الطيارين الاختباريين الأمريكية
رحلات الفضاء في 1981
رحلات الفضاء في 1983
رحلات الفضاء في 1984
رواد فضاء أمريكيون
رواد فضاء تابعون لبحرية الولايات المتحدة
شخصيات وكالة ناسا
ضباط بحرية الولايات المتحدة
طيارو اختبار أمريكيون
طيارون من تكساس
مدراء مركز كينيدي للفضاء
مهندسو فضاء أمريكيون
مواليد 1937
مواليد في بومونت

روبرت كريبن


Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (* 30. Januar 1813 in Falmouth; † 24. April 1875 in Plymouth) war ein britischer Bibelgelehrter, Textkritiker und Theologe.

Leben
Tregelles wurde als Sohn des Kaufmanns Samuel Tregelles (1789–1828) und seiner Frau Dorothy geb. Prideaux (1790–1873) im Anwesen Wodehouse Place in Falmouth (Cornwall) geboren. Seine Eltern waren Quäker, aber er selbst war viele Jahre lang mit der Brüderbewegung (Plymouth Brethren) verbunden. In seinem späteren Leben schloss er sich den Presbyterianern (oder vielleicht den Anglikanern) an.

Von 1825 bis 1828 besuchte Tregelles das altsprachliche Gymnasium von Falmouth. 1829–1835 war er an der Eisenhütte von Neath Abbey, Glamorgan, angestellt. Seine Freizeit nutzte er, um Griechisch, Hebräisch, Aramäisch und Walisisch zu lernen. Sein Interesse an der walisischen Sprache entwickelte sich aus dem Wunsch, das Evangelium zu verbreiten und speziell den Einfluss des Atheismus, Katholizismus und Mormonentums in Wales zu bekämpfen. 1835 wurde Tregelles Privatlehrer in Falmouth, und schließlich widmete er sich der Forschung, bis ihn 1870 eine Lähmung daran hinderte.

Im April 1839 heiratete Tregelles seine Cousine Sarah Anna Prideaux (1807–1882). Sie hatten keine Kinder. 1850 erhielt Tregelles von der University of St Andrews einen Doktor der Rechtswissenschaft und 1862 eine Pension von £ 200 von der civil list (1870 verdoppelt).

Werk
Tregelles entdeckte, dass der Textus receptus nicht auf antiken Quellen beruht, daher wollte er das Griechische Neue Testament auf der Grundlage antiker Handschriften und Zitate früher Kirchenväter neu herausgeben. Dabei wusste er viele Jahre lang nichts davon, dass seine textkritische Arbeit mit jener des deutschen Philologen und Textkritikers Karl Lachmann parallel lief. Tregelles wurde erstmals allgemein bekannt durch sein "Buch der Offenbarung auf Griechisch, ediert aus antiken Quellen" (Book of Revelation in Greek Edited from Ancient Authorities, 1844), das auch die Ankündigung enthielt, ein neues griechisches Neues Testament bereitzustellen.

1845 ging Tregelles in den Vatikan in der Absicht, den Codex Vaticanus zu kollationieren. Obwohl er fünf Monate lang verhandelte, wurde ihm nicht erlaubt, das Manuskript abzuschreiben. Dennoch konnte er einige wichtige Lesarten aus dem Gedächtnis notieren, die er beim Vorzeigen gesehen hatte. Von Rom reiste er weiter nach Florenz, Modena, Venedig, München und schließlich nach Basel, wo er überall Handschriften las und kollationierte. Im November 1846 kehrte er nach England zurück und fuhr fort, Handschriften im Britischen Museum zu kollationieren. Tregelles besuchte auch Paris, Hamburg, Berlin (wo er Lachmann traf) und Leipzig, wo er mit Konstantin von Tischendorf zusammenarbeitete. Über Dresden und Wolfenbüttel kam er schließlich nach Utrecht.

Die meisten seiner zahlreichen Veröffentlichungen standen in Bezug zu seiner großen textkritischen Ausgabe des Neuen Testaments (1857–1872). Sie umfassten die "Darstellung des gedruckten Textes des Griechischen Neuen Testaments" (Account of the Printed Text of the Greek New Testament, 1854), eine Neufassung des Kapitels über Textkritik in Thomas Hartwell Hornes "Einführung" (Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, 1860) und eine Ausgabe des Kanon Muratori (Earliest Catalogue of Books of the New Testament, 1868). Tregelles war Mitglied des Komitees, das die Revision der englischen King-James-Bibel überwachte, die als Revised Version bekannt ist und von der das Neue Testament 1881 veröffentlicht wurde, sechs Jahre nach Tregelles' Tod.

Tregelles schrieb auch "Hauptstücke hebräischer Grammatik" (Heads of Hebrew Grammar, 1852) und übersetzte das hebräische Lexikon von Wilhelm Gesenius (1846, 1857) aus dem Lateinischen ins Englische. Außerdem verfasste er ein Büchlein über die Jansenisten (1851).

In verschiedenen Werken legte er seine speziellen eschatologischen Ansichten dar: "Bemerkungen zu den prophetischen Visionen des Buches Daniel" (Remarks on the Prophetic Visions of Daniel, 1852, neu hrsg. 1864) und "Die Hoffnung auf das zweite Kommen Christi" (The Hope of Christ's Second Coming, 1864). Wie sein Cousin Benjamin Wills Newton, der bei Tregelles' Bekehrung eine Rolle spielte und die Veröffentlichung seiner Bücher finanziell unterstützte, war auch Tregelles ein Vertreter der Lehre von der Entrückung nach der "Großen Drangsal" (Post-Tribulationist). Er unterstützte später seinerseits Newton in seiner Auseinandersetzung mit John Nelson Darby und den "Exklusiven Brüdern".

Ungeachtet seiner großen Gelehrsamkeit war Tregelles ein warmherziger evangelischer Christ, der zahlreiche geistliche Lieder schrieb, die heutzutage allerdings weitgehend vergessen sind. Seine ersten Lieder wurden in einem Gesangbuch der Plymouth Brethren (Hymns for the Poor of the Flock, 1838) veröffentlicht.

Ein Bekannter von Tregelles sagte, dass er "fähig war, jegliche Thematik zu erhellen, die aufgegriffen werden konnte", dass es aber auch gefährlich war, ihm eine Frage zu stellen, weil, "wenn man das tat, dies so war, wie wenn man nach einem Buch greift und einem dabei das ganze Regal voller Bücher auf den Kopf stürzt."

Literatur
 The Fry collection: papers relating to B. W. Newton, S. P. Tregelles, F. W. Wyatt, A. C. Fry, and others, im Christian Brethren Archive der John-Rylands-Universitätsbibliothek Manchester (Katalog).
 George H. Fromow (Hrsg.): B. W. Newton and Dr. S. P. Tregelles: Teachers of the faith and the future. 2. Aufl. Sovereign Grace Advent Testimony, London 1969.
 E. C. Marchant, J. K. Elliott: Tregelles, Samuel Prideaux (1813–1875). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004.
 Timothy C. F. Stunt: The Life and Times of Samuel Prideaux Tregelles. A Forgotten Scholar. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham 2020. ISBN 978-3-030-32265-6

Weblinks
 The Greek New Testament edited from ancient authorities, with the Latin version of Jerome, from the Codex Amiatinus. Digitalisat seiner kritischen Textausgabe von 1870.
 Biography of Samuel Prideaux Tregelles; enthält eine Liste seiner Lieder
 Samuel Prideaux Tregelles: The Hope of Christ's Second Coming: How is it taught in scripture? And Why? (PDF; 212 kB)
 Samuel Prideaux Tregelles: An account of the printed text of the Greek New Testament: with remarks on its revision upon critical principles: together with a collation of the critical texts of Griesbach, Scholz, Lachmann, and Tischendorf, with that in common use (1854)
 Text and Images of the critical Greek New Testament by Samuel Prideaux Tregelles; mit einer modernen Einführung in die Ausgabe
 An Introduction to the critical study and knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, 10. überarb. und aktualisierte Ausgabe, hrsg. von Thomas Hartwell Horne, Samuel Davidson und Samuel Prideaux Tregelles, London 1856. Online-Version

Einzelnachweise

Bibelwissenschaftler
Hebraist
Evangelischer Theologe (19. Jahrhundert)
Altphilologe (19. Jahrhundert)
Brüderbewegung
Engländer
Geboren 1813
Gestorben 1875
Mann

Samuel P. Tregelles


Sandown Castle var et af Henrik 8.'s Device Forts eller "Henrician Castles", der blev bygget i Sandown i North Deal i Kent i England, som forsvarsværker, der skulle beskytte landet mod invasion. Det er sammen med Walmer og Deal Castle bygget til at beskytte den strategisk vigtige kyststrækning - også kendt som The Downs. De tre fæstninger er kendt som Castles of the Downs, og de blev alle færdiggjort i 1540. Sandown var identisk med Walmer Castle og bestod af en rund keep med fire større semirunde bastioner til artilleri og beskyttet af en tør voldgrav. Indgangen havde en vindebro.

Sandown Castle var allerede ruin i 1600-tallet, og havet ødelagde andre mure i 1785. Sandown Castle blev repareret og fik en garnison i 1808 under Napoleonskrigene. I 1863 blev det solgt af War Office. I 1882 var en stor del af slottet revet ned for at skaffe byggematerialer. Kysterosion tilføjede yderligere ødelæggelser. Fundamentet på landsiden af fæstningen er bevaret og er åbent for offentligheden, men er beskyttet som Scheduled monument.

Referencer

Litteratur
 Colvin, H. M. (ed) (1982). The History of the King's Works, Vol. IV, 1485–1600, Part II.
 Harrington, Peter (2007). The Castles of Henry VIII. Oxford: Osprey.
 Morley, B. M. (1976). Henry VIII and the Development of Coastal Defence. London: H.M. Stationery Office.
 MacFarlane, Charles (1836). The Book of Table-Talk, Vol. II, "Sandowne Castle"

Eksterne henvisninger
 Read a detailed historical record on Sandown Castle
 A brief history of Sandown Castle

Slotte i Kent
Device Forts

Sandown Castle


يوري كوفاليوف، من مواليد 6 فبراير 1934، وتوفي في 25 سبتمبر 1979، لاعب كرة قدم سوفييتي سابق. لعب مع منتخب الاتحاد السوفييتي لكرة القدم.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سوفيت
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية روس
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص من أوريخوفو-زويفو
أوكرانيون من أصل روسي
رياضيون من محافظة موسكو
لاعبو دينامو كييف
لاعبو سسكا موسكو
لاعبو كأس أمم أوروبا 1960
كوفاليوف
لاعبو كرة قدم سوفيت
لاعبو لوكوموتيف موسكو
لاعبو منتخب الاتحاد السوفيتي لكرة القدم
لاعبون فائزون ببطولة أمم أوروبا
مواليد 1934
مواليد في أوريخوفو-زويفو
وفيات 1979
وفيات في موسكو
لاعبو كرة قدم من محافظة موسكو

يوري كوفاليوف


Crookston kan henvise til:

 Crookston, Glasgow, Skotland
 Crookston, Minnesota, USA
 University of Minnesota Crookston
 Crookston, Nebraska, USA
 Crookston, Auckland, New Zealand

Crookston


This a list of land patents provided by the British crown for land in what is now the state of Maine:

 Gorges-Mason Grant, 1622
 First Kennebec Patent, 1627
 Mason's Lands, 1629
 Gorges Patent, (de facto 1629; official 1639)
 Comnock's Patent, 1629
 Second Kennebec Patent (also known as the Kennebec Purchase or Plymouth Patent), 1629
 Lygonia Patent, 1630
 Muscongus Patent (also known as the Waldo Patent, and, eventually, the Bingham Purchase), 1630
 Pemaquid Patent, 1631
 Black Point Grant, 1631

See also
 Province of Maine

Pre-statehood history of Maine
Land patents

List of Maine land patents


An Pseudocentrum hoffmannii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Pseudocentrum hoffmannii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pseudocentrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pseudocentrum

Pseudocentrum hoffmannii


مقاطعة موناغان هي إحدى مقاطعات أيرلندا الستة والعشرين.

أعلام

 جون روبرت غريغ
 بيلي فوكس
 ديفيد نيلسون
 توماس فيتزباتريك
 جون بانيل بيوري
 شاين ليزلي

المراجع

روابط إضافية
 Monaghan County Council
 Monaghan Tourism Map
 Clogherhistory.ie
 Description of County Monaghan (1900)
 Monaghan Architecture
 Wikimapia Map
 US protest as map of Monaghan bears an uncanny resemblance to an outline map of Iraq

أولستر
مقاطعات جمهورية أيرلندا

مقاطعة موناغان


Bitka kod Talavere bio je oružani sukob između Španjolske i Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva na jednoj i Francuske na drugoj strani, tijekom Španjolskog rat za neovisnost. Snage su se sukobile 27. i 28. srpnja 1809. a konačni ishod bitke bio je neodlučen. Ujedinjene britansko–španjolske snage predvodili su generali Arthur Wellesley i Gregorio García de la Cuesta dok su na francuskoj strani vođe bili generali Jean-Baptiste Jourdan i Claude-Victor Perrin.

Tijek bitke
Kada je general Arthur Wellesley protjerao francusku vojsku iz Portugala, umarširao je s 20 000 britanskih vojnika u Španjolsku kojom je tada vladao Joseph Bonaparte, brat Napoleona Bonaparte. Arthur Wellesley je potpomognut španjolskom vojskom od 35 000 vojnika koja je bila pod zapovjedništvom Gregoria Cueste. Zajedno su marširali do grada Talavera de la Reina, gdje su čekali na francuske snage pod zapovjednišvom Jean-Baptiste Jourdana i Claude-Victora Perrina. Francuske snage su imale 46 000 vojnika. Bitka započinje poslijepodne 27. srpnja kada francuske snage prelaze rijeku Alberche. Nekoliko sati kasnije Francuzi napadaju španjolsko desno i britansko lijevo krilo. Britanci uspijevaju natjerati Francuze na povlačenje i osvajaju strateški važnu uzvišicu. Francuzi napadaju 28. srpnja opet lijevo krilo britanskih vojnika kako bi ponovo osvojili uzvišicu i tada započinje borba bajunetima. Poslije oko dva sata borbe francuski generali naređuju povlačenje pješaštva i tada započinje artiljerijski duel. Obe strane su ispaljivale topovske salve jedna na drugu a kada se smračilo španjolski vojnici su zamjetili da su se Francuzi povukli, ostavljajući na bojištu povrjeđene i dvije artiljerijske jedinice.

Španjolske bitke
Britanske bitke
Francuske bitke
Talavera
Napoleonski ratovi

Bitka kod Talavere


Alderson may refer to:

Places
Alderson, Oklahoma, a US town
Alderson, West Virginia, a US town
Alderson Federal Prison Camp
Alderson, Alberta, a ghost town in Canada

Other uses
Alderson (surname)

People
Charles Alderson, linguist

See also
 Alderson drive, a fictional interstellar transport drive
 Alderson disk, a fictional artificial astronomical megastructure

Alderson


Armando Matías Guiu (Barcelona, 27 de noviembre de 1925-12 de octubre de 2004) fue un periodista, comediógrafo y guionista de cine y de cómic español.<ref name="europa">Europa Press (12/10/2004). Armand Matías Guiu, primer Premio Ondas de radio, "El Mundo.</ref>

 Biografía
A finales de los años 40, comenzó a trabajar en la radio, en especial en Radio Barcelona, por cuya labor obtuvo en 1953 el primer premio Ondas. Para entonces, trabajaba también en la editorial Bruguera realizando textos humorísticos, como sus celebérrimos Diálogos para besugos''. Con el tiempo, haría de guionista en una gran cantidad de series de historietas de la casa.

Obra
Literaria

Historietística

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 Armando Matías Guiu en Rosaspage
 Armando Matías Guiu en Tebeosfera

Nacidos en Barcelona
Fallecidos en Barcelona
Dramaturgos de España del siglo XX
Guionistas de cine de España
Historietistas de Barcelona
Periodistas de Barcelona
Premio Ondas
Sepultados en el cementerio de Montjuic

Armando Matías Guiu


Sechziger war ein deutsches Volumenmaß für Brennholz und ein Branntweinmaß.

Holzmaß

Abmaß
Sechziger war zum einen ein Stückmaß im Brennholzhandel und zum anderen eine Bezeichnung für Bauholz (Fichte und Tanne) mit festen Abmessungen. Regional gebräuchlich waren folgende Maße:
 Harz: 1 Sechziger entsprach 1 Baumstamm Länge = 90 bis 95 Fuß, Durchmesser unten 14 bis 15 Zoll, oben 5 bis 6 Zoll
 Thüringen: 1 Sechziger entsprach 1 Baumstamm Länge = 34 Fuß, Durchmesser unten 6 Zoll, oben 5 Zoll

Stückmaß
 1 Sechziger = 60 Schock kleine Scheite
 1 Sechziger = 60 Sechziger = 3600 Scheite
 1 Sechziger Holz entsprach 4 Klafter und 11 Kubikfuß bei einer Scheitlänge von 4 Fuß.

Volumenmaß
 1 Sechziger = 1 Fass = 60 Stübchen
Das Maß war regional unterschiedlich, es bewegte sich zwischen 205 und 229 Liter.

Einzelnachweise

Altes Maß oder Gewicht (Deutschland)
Volumeneinheit
Mengeneinheit
Holzmaß (Volumen)
Holzmaß (Menge)
Hohlmaß (Branntwein)
Lebensmittelmaß (Deutschland)

Sechziger (Einheit)


පහත මූලධර්මයන් අනුගමනය කිරීමෙන් සාම්ප‍්‍රදායික රූප සංයෝජනයක් ලබාගත හැක.
කෘතියේ අවධානයට ලක්වන කේණ්ද්‍රයක් පැවතිය යුතුය.  එවිට එය හුදු රටාවක් බවට පත්වීම වැලකී යයි.
නරඹන්නාගේ ඇස ගමන්කරන දිශාව නරඹන්නාගේ බැල්ම රූපයෙන් ඇස් ඉවතට ගැනීමට පෙර රූපයේ සැම අංගයක් වෙතම මෙහෙයවිය යුතුය.
විෂය විස්තුව රූපයෙන් ඉවතට මුහුණලා නොතිබිය යුතුය.
චලනය වන වස්තූන් නිරූපනය කිරීමේදී ඒවාට ඉදිරියෙන්ම ඉඩ සැලසිය යුතුය.
පින්තූරය නිවැරදි සමච්ජේදනයන් නිරූපනය වන පරිදි නොදැක්විය යුතුය.
කුඩා ඉහල ආලෝක හා අඳුර අතර විභේදනයක් සහිත භාණ්ඩයන්ට විශාල අඳුරු භාණ්ඩයන් හා සමාන බලපෑමක් සිදුකළ හැක.
සමමිතික හෝ ආකෘතික රූප සංයෝජනයක් නිර්මාණය කිරීම අරමුණ නොවේනම් කේන්දී‍්‍රය වස්තුව මධ්‍යයේ නොතැබිය යුතුය.
ක්‍ෂිතිජ රේඛාව කලා කෘතිය සමාන කොටස් දෙකකට බෙදීම නොකල යුතුය. ඒ වෙනුවට එය අහස හෝ භූමිය අවධාරනය කිරීම සඳහා යොදාගත යුතුය.එනම් සිතුවම වළාකුලූ හිරු බැසයාම පිලිබඳව නම් අහස වැඩියෙන්ද භූ දර්ශනයක් නම් පොළව වැඩියෙන්ම ඇතුලත්විය යුතුය.
තුනෙන් එකේ රීතිය

මෙය සිත්තරුන් විසින් පොදුවේ අනුගමනය කරනු ලබන මාර්ගෝපදේශයකි. මෙහි අරමුණ සිතුවම තුල අවධානයට ලක්වන වස්තූන් හෝ කලාපයන් (ක්‍ෂිතිජය වැනි) විසින් රූපය සමච්ජේනයට ලක්වීම වැලැක්වීමයි. එහිදී එම වස්තූන් හෝ රේඛාවන් සිතුවම සමාන කොටස් තුනකට බෙදමින් අඳිනු ලබන සිරස් හා තිරස් රේඛාවන්ගෙන් එකක් අසල ස්ථානගත කිරීම මගින් එම වස්තූන් විසින් රූපය  සමච්ජේනය කිරීම වලක්වාලයි.

මෙහි ක්‍ෂිතිජය පහල රේඛාව සමීපයෙන් පිහිටුවා ඇති හෙයින් වම් පස 2/3 තුල අඳුරු පැහැයන්ට ඉඩ ලැබී ඇති ආකාරයත් වම් පස 1/3 තුල අධික ආලෝකයකට නිරාවරණය වී ඇති ආකාරයත් බලන්න.

සරළ කිරීම

විසිරුනු රූපයන් චිත‍්‍රයේ මූලික වස්තුවෙන් අවධානය වෙනත් දේ වෙත යොමු කිරීම හේතුවෙන් විෂය වස්තුව හැඳුනාගැනීම අසීරු කරවයි. පරිබාහිර දේ අන්තර්ගත කිරීම අවම කිරීම මඟින් නරඹන්නාට මූලික වස්තූන් කෙරෙහි අවධානය යොමු කිරීමට ඉඩකඩ සැලසේ. ආලෝකය යොදා ගැනීම මඟින්ද විසිරුනු ස්වභාවය සීමා කළහැක. එනම් දීප්තිමත් ප‍්‍රදේශයන් වෙත ඇස අවධානය යොමු කිරීම හේතුවෙනි. සිතුවමක නම් පින්තූරයේ දාරයන් ආසන්නවත්ම සිත්තරා එතරම් පැහැදිලිව නොදක්වන පින්සල් පහරවල් සිතුවම් කරනු ඇත.

නාභිගත කිරීම සීමා කිරීම

සරළ බව ලබාගැනීම සඳහා ඡයාරූප ගැනීමේදී ක්ෂේත‍්‍ර ගැඹුර සීමා කිරීම සඳහා පුලූල් කාච විවරයක් භාවිතා කරනු ලැබේ. නිවැරදි පසුතලයක් සඳහා මෙම ශිල්පක‍්‍රමය නිසි ලෙස යොදාගත් විට ඡයාරූපයේ විෂය වස්තුව නොවන අන් සියලූ දේ අපැහැදිලි ලෙස දර්ශනය වනු ඇත.

මල්වල රේණු වෙත නාභිගතකොට ඇති බැවින් පසුතලය බොඳවීගොස් ඇත.

නිසි උපකරණ පවතීනම් නාභිගතවන සමතලය වෙනස් කිරීම සඳහා ෂයිම්ෆ්ලූග් මූලධර්මයේ වාසිය ලබාගැනීම සඳහා මෙවැනිම ප‍්‍රවේශයක් අනුගමනය කළ හැක.

සාම්ප‍්‍රදායික රූප සංයෝජනය-රීති හෝ මූලධර්ම


La National Philharmonic Orchestra (en español: Orquesta Filarmónica Nacional) fue una orquesta británica creada exclusivamente para propósitos de grabación. Fue fundada por el productor de la RCA Charles Gerhardt y el líder / contratista de orquesta Sidney Sax debido en parte a las exigencias de Reader's Digest.

Historia
Antes de trabajar con este nombre, la orquesta comenzó a trabajar en el año 1964 usando una variedad de nombres, entre ellos RCA Victor Symphony Orchestra (en español, Orquesta Sinfónica de RCA Victor) y la London Promenade (esta última formada en gran medida por intérpretes de la Orquesta Filarmónica de Londres).  Fue incorporada como la Orquesta Filarmónica Nacional en 1970.  Gerhardt y Sax contrataron músicos londinenses. Por ejemplo, la sección de violín incorporaba maestros de las principales orquestas londinenses, como John Ronayne, Bela Dekany, Lionel Bentley, John Ludlow, John Brown, Donald Weekes, Irvine Arditti, Charles Meinardi o Hans Geiger.
La orquesta dejó de ser una organización de grabación exclusiva de la RCA al mismo tiempo que Gerhardt reemplazó a Sax como concertino.  Decca Records empezó a usar la orquesta en marzo de 1974.  Esto ocurrió para una grabación Phase 4 Stereo del Concierto para piano Yellow River dirigido por Elgar Howarth.  Columbia Records empezó a usar la orquesta en 1975.

Hicieron grabaciones con esta orquesta directores como Leopold Stokowski, Richard Bonynge, Charles Gerhardt y Michael Kamen. Bonynge grabó los tres ballets de Chaikovski para Decca, Gerhardt hizo una serie de grabaciones en estéreo de música de películas de Hollywood con ella para RCA Victor y Kamen grabó las sesiones orquestales de Eric Clapton para los conciertos de 24 Nights en el Royal Albert Hall en 1990 y 1991 para Duck Records.
La orquesta ha estado presente en la banda sonora de muchas películas (especialmente aquellas compuestas por Jerry Goldsmith) así como una selección de suites de La guerra de las galaxias para el catálogo de John Williams.  Bernard Herrmann usó con regularidad la orquesta para grabar su obra cinematográfica.
Kenneth Schermerhorn dirigió la orquesta en la banda sonora de la producción de Baryshnikov El cascanueces, una representación del ballet de Chaikovski que se convirtió en un clásico de la televisión, después de haber sido representado en vivo en escena. La orquesta también proporcionó la música para la producción escénica.
La National Philharmonic Orchestra ha sido disuelta.

Música para películas
Algunas de las bandas sonoras realizadas en Inglaterra por la National Philharmonic Orchestra incluyen:
 Justine (1969)
 Barry Lyndon (1975)
 Grizzly (1976)
 The Omen (1976-81)
 Star Wars (1977-83)
 Los niños del Brasil (1978)
 Alien (1979)
 Atmósfera cero (1981)
 The Secret of NIMH (1982)
 The Wicked Lady (1983)
 La zona muerta (1983)
 Supergirl (1984)
 Legend (1985)
 Link (1986)
 Highlander (1986)
  Link
 Licence to Kill (1989)
 Total Recall (1990)
 No sin mi hija (1991)

Hay también una orquesta National Philharmonic con sede en Washington, D. C., fundada y dirigida por Piotr Gajewski, actualmente residente en el Music Center en Strathmore (Maryland).(website: ) Anteriormente fue conocida como National Chamber Orchestra.

Enlaces externos
 «National Philharmonic Orchestra» en Allmusic.com
 «National Philharmonic Orchestra» en Artistdirect.com
 «National Philharmonic Orchestra» en Discogs.com
 Sitio oficial de la National Philharmonic de Washington

Orquestas sinfónicas del Reino Unido
Música clásica de Londres
Orquestas nacionales
Organizaciones fundadas en 1964
Musica en 1964
Reino Unido en 1964

National Philharmonic Orchestra


Pindoba é uma comunidade rural do município de Apodi, no Rio Grande do Norte. A comunidade sempre foi destaque em sites, jornais e TV pelo que produz no artesanato e por projeto apoiado nacionalmente. Em nível estadual, seu artesanato foi reconhecido pela Assembleia Legislativa como Patrimônio Cultural, Histórico e Imaterial do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte e em nível nacional, a comunidade teve um projeto de inclusão e cidadania apoiada pelo "Criança Esperança" da TV Globo.

História
Há relatos e existência de registros históricos, os quais noticiam que esta comunidade surgiu por volta do ano de 1820. Atualmente, embora o êxodo rural, segundo o IBGE (censo 2010), a comunidade conta com uma população de aproximadamente 300 habitantes divididos entre Pindoba I e II.

A principal área econômica é o setor primário com produtos agrícolas, extrativismo e artesanato. Em seguida, vem o setor terciário em áreas de serviços e alimentos.

Mulheres da Loiça

A Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Norte (ALRN) reconheceu como Patrimônio Cultural, Histórico e Imaterial do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte o artesanato de barro produzido pelas "Mulheres da Loiça" na comunidade de Pindoba, zonal rural de Apodi/RN. Há mais de três gerações, a produção semestral de artesanato local é realizada exclusivamente por mulheres, entre os objetos feitos estão potes, tijelas, panelas de feijoada e dentre outras. Os trabalhos é realizado apenas na segunda metade do ano por causa das estações do ano, pois a louça é um produto dos meses secos. Atualmente, não mais que dez louceiras realizam a atividade. O aprendizado da louça é transmitido por suas mães e avós.

Artesanato com palha de carnaúba
Na comunidade de Pindoba II, a fabricação artesanal de vassouras já foi uma grande fonte de renda para as artesãs que viviam da fabricação artesanal dos produtos oriundos da folha de carnaúba. A produção para a confecção das vassouras, primeiramente, é retirada o "olho" da carnaúba (folhas mais novas, ainda fechadas), o qual é posto para secar ao sol. O período de secagem tem uma duração média de oito dias consecutivos, a partir do qual é feito o corte de toda a palha seca para, em seguida, iniciar o processo de amarração e acabamento das vassouras. Atualmente, menos de 5 mulheres ainda executam todas as etapas do trabalho, desde a retirada do "olho" da palha no carnaubal até a fabricação das peças. A produção é comercializada através de encomendas para as cidades circunvizinhas.

Projeto Abelhar
Em 2003, surgiu na comunidade, o Projeto Abelhar, sediando posteriormente na cidade de Felipe Guerra. O projeto atua como agente de mudança na vida dos participantes, desenvolvendo atividades esportivos, musicais, culturais, associativas e de lazer, criando oportunidades para que crianças, adolescentes e jovens entre 8 e 29 anos e suas famílias participe, mantendo-o longe de problemas sociais como drogas e prostituição. Em 2013, o projeto foi apoiado pelo Criança Esperança da TV Globo.

Prado
Prado é sinônimo de festa, símbolo de diversão na comunidade, onde é realizado corridas de cavalos há mais de sete décadas. Hoje, o público de cada prado é estimado em centenas, incluindo moradores locais e pessoas de outras cidades e estados, notadamente Ceará e Paraíba. A corrida não segue um calendário fixo e é realizado a qualquer época do ano, basta surgir o interesse dos proprietários de cavalos e apostadores para se concretizar. Quem participa do prado é conhecido como "pradistas". Tudo começou com as "corridas de burros" organizadas por "Valdemar dos Cavalos", morador de Apodi, e Aécio Valentim, morador de Pindoba. Atualmente, o hipódromo está localizada em um terreno de propriedade do empresário Wilson Amorim.

Pindoba Futebol Clube

Pindoba Futebol Clube, mais conhecido como Pindoba FC é um clube de futebol amador da comunidade de Pindoba, município de Apodi. Foi fundado em 2010 pelo futebolista Ubirajara de Moura que é o atual técnico, sendo auxiliado por Wirler Valentim. O time é formado por jogadores da Pindoba, complementado por atletas de comunidades circunvizinhas. As cores do clube, presentes no escudo, são vermelho e preto. Seus títulos mais relevantes são Campeão da Copa Municipal de futebol de Apodi de 2011 e Copa do Vale Apodiense, sendo campeão por três vezes em 2019, 2020 e 2022.

Projeto de Doce

Em 26 de janeiro de 2012, foi fundado a 'Associação Comunitária de Pindoba I e II'. A fundação dessa associação teve um intuito de fortalecer a agricultura familiar através da produção de doces e fornecimento para instituições da região como associações, igrejas, escolas e dentre outras entidades registrada. Com pelo menos 38 agricultores associados ao programa, gerando diariamente 300 kg de doces em variados sabores como leite, mamão e banana que eram colocados em embalagens de 1 kg cada e distribuídos através do programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA). Ao assegurar aos pequenos agricultores a aquisição de seus produtos, o governo lhes transmite segurança e com isto, eleva-se significativamente o padrão de vida dos agricultores e de suas famílias, promovendo o desenvolvimento sustentável nas áreas menos assistidas do meio rural. O projeto teve uma duração de pouco mais de um ano e foi encerrado em 2013.

Religião
A maioria das pessoas da comunidade de Pindoba segue predominantemente a religião evangélica. A Igreja de Cristo iniciou o trabalho evangelístico em 1997 e posteriormente construiu um templo que passou a ser denominada de 'Casa de Oração' e inaugurada em 2006. Todos os anos, a congregação da Igreja de Cristo de Pindoba realiza um culto festivo em alusão ao seu aniversário e reúne centenas de pessoas. A congregação é pastoreada pela Igreja de Cristo em Felipe Guerra. Atualmente, a Igreja de Cristo realiza a construção do segundo templo na comunidade de Pindoba II.

Política
A comunidade de Pindoba fica na divisa dos municípios de Apodi e Felipe Guerra. Por causa da distância de 16 km da comunidade de Pindoba com a cidade de Apodi, grande parte de sua população tem uma forte ligação política e eleitoral com a cidade de Felipe Guerra que fica a 5 km. Com isso, as ações governamentais em prol dessa comunidade depende dos dois municípios.

Em 1965, dois filhos dessa comunidade foram eleitos vereadores pelo município de Felipe Guerra, sendo eles: Titico Canela e Aécio Valentim. Já em 1976, a então enfermeira e produtora cultural, Maria Benedita do Rosário, mais conhecida como "Dona Bibia" foi eleita vereadora, sendo ela a primeira mulher a ocupar uma cadeira no legislativo felipense. "Dona Bibia" tem suas origens na comunidade de Pindoba e em 1982, foi a primeira mulher a ser candidata a Vice-Prefeita em Felipe Guerra.

Geografia
A Pindoba está localizada na região do Vale do Apodi e sendo considerada comunidade rural do município de Apodi.

O clima é semiárido, com temperaturas elevadas durante todo o ano e chuvas concentradas no primeiro semestre. Sua paisagem é caracterizada pela presença de carnaúbas e algarobas.

Infraestrutura básica
O serviço de abastecimento de água da Pindoba é realizado pela Companhia de Águas e Esgotos do Rio Grande do Norte (CAERN), e a concessionária responsável pelo fornecimento de energia elétrica é a Companhia Energética do Rio Grande do Norte (COSERN), do Grupo Neoenergia, que atende a todos os municípios potiguares. A voltagem nominal da rede é de 220 volts.

O código de área (DDD) da Pindoba é 084 e o Código de Endereçamento Postal (CEP) são 59795-000 (Felipe Guerra) e 59700-000 (Apodi). Há cobertura da operadora de telefonia, a TIM.

Ligações externas

 Pindoba no Instagram

!Artigos novos
Geografia de Apodi
Povoados do Brasil

Pindoba (Apodi)


Satara este:

 fost stat, vezi Satara (stat)
 un oraș în India, vezi Satara (oraș)
 un district din India, vezi Satara (cartier)

Satara


est une mangaka japonaise née un 15 février au Japon. EIle est spécialisée dans le shōjo.

Biographie

Eiri Kaji a grandi dans la préfecture de Fukuoka, puis à Niigata au Japon. Son nom peut aussi se trouver sous cette forme かじえいり.

Au lycée, elle s'est intéressée au dessin type manga grâce à une connaissance qui était dans un club de manga. Elle commence sa carrière en 2004 avec la prépublication de  dans le magazine  (ou ). C'est une série comptabilisant 8 tomes.

Les années suivantes, Eiri Kaji a publié plusieurs séries dont , entre 2007 et 2012, qui est une série shōjo mélangeant comédie, surnaturel et romance en 11 tomes.

Depuis août 2018, le magazine  (ou Ichiraci) n'est plus édité en format papier. Les séries de l'auteure, ainsi que des autres auteures, comme Shuu Morimoto, ne sont plus prépubliées et sont directement publiées sous forme de tome.

C'est une auteure qui n'est pas encore publiée en France.

C'est une personne qui ne supporte pas beaucoup la chaleur, qui aime faire des balades en vélo, et qui a obtenu en 2007 son permis de conduire. Eiri Kaji fait environ 1m60 et a une sœur aînée. Elle et son père sont fans des Yankees. Elle aime beaucoup de films notamment James Bond avec Pierce Brosnan, et l'auteure apprécie l'acteur Will Smith.

Œuvres
Les mangas illustrés et scénarisés par Eiri Kaji :
2005 :
2007 :
2012 :
2016 :
2018 :
2020 :
2022 :

Notes et références

Annexes

Liens externes
 Notices d'autorité : Bibliothèque nationale de Corée •Bibliothèque nationale de la Diète •Fichier d'autorité international virtuel •International Standard Name Identifier •WorldCat ID
Site du Tosuisha

Naissance en février
Mangaka
Dessinatrice japonaise

Eiri Kaji


Turbo is the tenth studio album by English heavy metal band Judas Priest, released on 21 March 1986 by Columbia Records. The album is notable for the band's change to a commercial glam metal sound, that had them using synthesizers for the first time.

A remastered CD was released in 2001, including two bonus tracks. On 3 February 2017, the album was reissued as Turbo 30 for its 30th anniversary, including two CDs of a live performance at the Sandstone Amphitheater near Kansas City, Missouri, on 22 May 1986.

Overview
Following the success of their previous album, Defenders of the Faith, Judas Priest initially recorded a double album which was intended to be released under the title Twin Turbos, half of which would be more commercial and the other half would be aggressive heavy metal. This idea was scrapped. Instead, the material was split up, with the more commercial songs appearing as the album Turbo. The lyrical content on Turbo was markedly different from previous Judas Priest albums, with more emphasis on grounded subjects such as love and romance rather than the band's usual sci-fi and fantasy themes. On the whole, it was a response to the changed music scene of the mid-1980s which was becoming focused more on light, synth-driven pop rather than the driving hard rock of the 1970s to early 1980s.

After concluding the Metal Conqueror World Tour at the end of 1984, the band took their first-ever extended hiatus and did not perform at all during 1985 except for an appearance at the Live Aid Concert where only three songs were played. Work began on Turbo that summer and finished late in the year. During this time, singer Rob Halford struggled with increasing substance abuse and violent feuds with his romantic partner. After the latter committed suicide, he resolved to get clean and so checked into rehab where he spent a month during December 1985 – January 1986. He made an energetic recovery and his live performances during the subsequent tour were described as some of his strongest ever.

With the album being released in April 1986, Turbo was an instant commercial success. The album was certified Gold by the RIAA on 10 June 1986 and Platinum on 24 July 1989. The album reached No. 33 on the UK Albums Chart and No. 17 on the Billboard 200, marking the apex of Priest's commercial success and being the band's highest chart position until 2005's Angel of Retribution. The music videos supporting "Turbo Lover" and "Locked In" enjoyed heavy rotation on MTV, furthering the success of the album commercially.

The cover was once again done by graphic artist Doug Johnson, who designed the Screaming for Vengeance and Defenders of the Faith covers.

"Reckless" was asked to be on the soundtrack of the movie Top Gun, but Judas Priest declined, both because they thought the film would flop and because it would have meant leaving the song off Turbo. However, their next album, Ram It Down, contained a cover of "Johnny B. Goode" that was featured in the soundtrack for the movie of the same title. "Reckless" and "Wild Nights, Hot & Crazy Days" were also Judas Priest's first songs to be played lower than E tuning.

"Parental Guidance" was allegedly written as a response to Tipper Gore's attack on the band, and heavy metal in general, in the mid-1980s. Her organization, the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), had placed the band's song "Eat Me Alive" (from Defenders of the Faith) at No. 3 on their list of offensive songs, referred to as the "Filthy 15". The PMRC alleged that the song was obscene because it encouraged the performance of oral sex at gunpoint.

Reception
Turbo sold well initially, and was certified Gold by the RIAA on 10 June 1986 and Platinum on 24 July 1987. It reached No. 33 in the UK and No. 17 on Billboard 200, the band's highest chart position until 2005's Angel of Retribution. The album would be Priest's final platinum-selling album. Sales tapered off and the subsequent live album from the otherwise successful Fuel for Life tour did not sell as well, only going Gold after a string of Platinum certified albums.

Seven of the album's nine songs were performed during the Fuel for Life tour with "Hot for Love" being the least played of those. The title track has remained in the band's set lists since then and "Out in the Cold" reappeared in 2019. During the tour, the band also dispensed with the black leather and studs look they'd sported since 1978 and went for a slightly more colourful "glam" leather wardrobe. A number of older songs such as "Sinner" and "Exciter" were also dropped from the live setlist, leading K. K. Downing to remark "People ask why we don't play Sinner anymore. I tell them it's because we've all repented."

Rob Halford referred to Turbo as the "love/hate Judas Priest album". In 2008 he told Kerrang!:

Despite Turbos achievement and reception, Downing said that "it wasn't the big-selling album that we hoped for. I think quite a lot of that went on with the acceptability and success of a lot of other bands that you would look at on MTV. Even Ozzy went to the hairdressers." In his 2020 memoir  Confess, Halford admitted that he now sees his lyrics on Turbo as subpar, stating that his alcohol and substance abuse at the time had started to take their toll on his writing process.

Track listing30th Anniversary Edition – bonus live CDs'''

Personnel
Judas Priest
Rob Halford – vocals
K. K. Downing – guitars, guitar synthesizer
Glenn Tipton – guitars, guitar synthesizer
Ian Hill – bass
Dave Holland – drums

Additional Musician
Jeff Martin – backing vocals on "Wild Nights, Hot & Crazy Days"

Lead Guitar CreditsTurbo Lover – Glenn TiptonLocked In – KK Downing, Tipton, Downing, Tipton, underlying melody – Downing, arpeggios and run – TiptonPrivate Property – TiptonParental Guidance – first half – Tipton, second half – DowningRock You All Around The World – TiptonOut in the Cold – intro – Tipton, solo first half – Downing, solo second half – TiptonWild Nights, Hot and Crazy Days – DowningHot For Love – Downing, harmony section – bothReckless'' – intro – both, solo – Tipton, licks – Downing

Production (Original)
Produced by Tom Allom
Recorded at Compass Point Studios, Nassau, IN
Engineered by Bill Dooley, assisted by Paul Wertheimer and Sean Burrows
Mixed by Glenn Tipton, K. K. Downing, Tom Allom, and Bill Dooley at The Record Plant
Equipment surveillance by Tom Calcaterra
Mastered by Bernie Grundman
Cover design by Doug Johnson

Production (30th Anniversary Remaster)
Remastered by Mandy Parnell at Black Saloon Studios
Revised artwork by Mark Wilkinson
Photography by Ross Halfin, Mark Weiss, and Neil Zlozower

Production (30th Anniversary Remaster Bonus Live CDs)
Recorded at Sandstone Amphitheatre, Bonner Springs, KS on 22 May 1986
Mixed by Tom Allom and Jack Rushton
Mastered by Mandy Parnell at Black Saloon Studios

Charts

Certifications

References

External links
 Extensive album info

1986 albums
Albums produced by Tom Allom
Albums recorded at Record Plant (Los Angeles)
Columbia Records albums
Judas Priest albums

Turbo (Judas Priest album)


Fellern heißen folgende geographischen Objekte:

 Fellern (Tacherting), Ortsteil der Gemeinde Tacherting, Landkreis Traunstein, Bayern
 Fellern (Gemeinde Pöndorf), Ortschaft von Pöndorf, Bezirk Vöcklabruck, Oberösterreich
 Fellern (Gemeinde Uttendorf), Ortslage im Stubachtal, Uttendorf, Bezirk Zell am See, Land Salzburg
 České Vrbné, Katastralbezirk der Stadt České Budějovice, Tschechien (Böhmisch Fellern)

Fellern


Shady Grove station is a Washington Metro station in Derwood, Maryland, United States. The station opened on December 15, 1984 as part of a four-stop extension of the Red Line from  station to Shady Grove. The station is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA).

Serving as the northwestern terminus of the Red Line, it is the most distant Metro station from downtown Washington, D.C. in Maryland. The station is the location of the Shady Grove Yard, one of the largest storage yards in the Metrorail system.

Location

Despite its name, Shady Grove station is located not in Shady Grove but within the unincorporated community of Derwood; it takes its name from Shady Grove Road to the north. Much of the surrounding area is industrial or low-density residential in nature, although Rockville Road to the south contains strips of commercial activity. To the west is MD 355 (Frederick Road), a continuation of Rockville Pike, which the Red Line parallels throughout much of its route in western Montgomery County; MD 200A connects the Shady Grove station to I-370 and MD 200, better known as the Intercounty Connector. a toll road extending east to I-95.

The station is the northernmost station in the Washington Metro system, and is approximately equidistant from downtown Washington, D.C. and Frederick. Prior to the opening of the Silver Line Extension to Ashburn, it was also the most distant Metro station (by straight-line distance) from the Washington Monument. It still is the most distant in Maryland. The distance from Shady Grove to the Washington Monument is .

Transit-oriented development
In order to cope with increasing population growth and subsequent traffic congestion while combating urban sprawl, the Montgomery County Planning Department released the Shady Grove Sector Plan, which aims to act as a guideline for mixed-use growth around the station. The plan emphasises high-density residential and commercial properties within the immediate vicinity of Shady Grove station, with a steady transition to low-density as the distance from the station increases.

The Sector Plan divides the surrounding area into five districts: Metro North, Metro East, Metro West, Metro South, and Jeremiah Park. Combined, there will be over 6,000 residential units within walking distance of Shady Grove station. In addition, the plan encourages the creation of a walkable street grid with defined main streets integrated with a comprehensive open space and park system.

History
The station opened on December 15, 1984 as part of a , four-station northwestern extension of the Red Line between Grosvenor–Strathmore and Shady Grove stations.

In 1996, this station was the site of the Washington Metro's second fatal accident when a train arriving at the station overshot the platform and collided with a parked train awaiting assignment, killing the operator of the moving train. The Washington Post reported that the striking train was two months overdue for scheduled brake maintenance. A degradation of brake performance could have played a role in the crash. The crash, which occurred during the Blizzard of 1996, was caused by a failure in the train's Automatic Train Control system.

In 2011, as part of a preliminary study, the WMATA examined the possibility of extending the Red Line past the Shady Grove station and to the Metropolitan Grove station by 2040.

From September 11, 2021 to January 16, 2022, this station was closed due to the Rockville Canopy Replacement Project at Rockville station.

Station layout
The station has one island platform located west of the CSX Metropolitan Subdivision tracks, which carry Amtrak and MARC Trains. There is extensive parking available at this station: a surface lot to the west, and two garages and two surface lots to the east. Access between the platform and parking areas is provided by underpass, located at ground level on the east side and a short escalator below ground level on the west side. Each side of the station also contains a small kiss and ride lot.

References

External links

Derwood, Maryland
Stations on the Red Line (Washington Metro)
Railway stations in Montgomery County, Maryland
Washington Metro stations in Maryland
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1984
1984 establishments in Maryland

Shady Grove station


"Club Fed" is a derisive term used in North America to refer to a prison whose accommodations are seen as less severe than many other prisons. Club Fed is a pun on the "Club Med" chain of all-inclusive resorts. The 1999 movie Office Space made a reference to this style of prison by referring to it as a "white-collar, minimum-security resort." However, later in the film, a lawyer rebuts this view by stating that residents of federal prisons are subject to physical and sexual violence.

In Canada, the Joliette Institution for Women was nicknamed "Club Fed" because of the prison's supposedly luxurious conditions and lax restrictions, claims the prison has denied. Also in Canada, the William Head Institution in British Columbia is known as "Club Fed" due to its pastoral country setting which includes tennis courts, a baseball diamond, as well as small golf course.

See also
List of U.S. federal prisons
Alderson Federal Prison Camp

References

Prisons in the United States
Prisons in Canada
Pejorative terms

Club Fed


1.HMNL 2019./20. je dvadeset i deveta sezona prvog ranga hrvatskog malonogometnog prvenstva, a u ligi sudjeluje 12 momčadi.
Kao posljedica pandemije COVID-19 u svijetu i Hrvatskoj, u ožujku je došlo do prekida odigravanja nogometnih i malo nogometnih natjecanja u Hrvatskoj
6. svibnja 2020. Hrvatski nogometni savez je donio odluku da će doći do nastavka 1. HMNL, a 2. HMNL je zaključena postignutim rezultatima, a njeni prvaci će igrati kvalifiklacije za 1. HMNL.

Prvak je prvi put postao klub "Olmissum" iz Omiša.

Sustav natjecanja
Prvenstvo se igra u dva dijela: ligaškom i doigravanju.
U ligaškom sudjeluje 10 momčadi koje odigraju ligu dvokružnim sustavom (18 kola). Po završetku lige osam najbolje plasiranih momčadi se plasira u doigravanje za prvaka koje se igra na ispadanje. Četvrtzavršnica i poluzavršnica se igra na dvije dobivene utakmice, a završnica na tri dobivene utakmice.
Zbog pandemije COVID-19, liga je bila prekinuta nakon 15. kola, a nastavljena u lipnju 2020.
Doigravanje je promijenjeno na način da se igra samo po jedna utakmica u svakoj fazi doigravanja.<ref> [https://hns.family/files/documents/19008/GLASNIK%2016.-19-20%2024.06.2020.pdf hns-cff.hr, "GLASNIK 16" - 1.HMNL 2019/2020- HRVATSKI NOGOMETNI SAVEZ -KOMISIJA ZA MALI NOGOMET], preuzeto 20. srpnja 2020. </ref>

 Sudionici

 Alumnus - Sesvete
 Crnica - Šibenik
 Futsal Dinamo - Zagreb
 Novo Vrijeme Apfel - Makarska
 Olmissum - Omiš
 Split - Split
 Square - Dubrovnik
 Universitas - Split
 Uspinjača Gimka - Zagreb
 Vrgorac - Vrgorac

 Ligaški dio sezone

 Ljestvica

 Rezultatska križaljka Ažurirano: 22. srpnja 2020.

 Izvori:

Doigravanje
''Ažurirano: 22. srpnja 2020.

 Izvori:

Povezani članci
 Prva hrvatska malonogometna liga
 2. HMNL 2019./20.
 Hrvatski malonogometni kup 2019./20.

Vanjske poveznice
 hns-cff.hr, 1. HMNL
 crofutsal.com, 1. HMNL
 hrfutsal.net, 1. HMNL
 flashscore.com, 1. HMNL
 futsalplanet.com, Competitions

Izvori

2019-20

1. HMNL 2019./20.