Zarlink Semiconductor (acquired by Microsemi in October 2011, itself acquired by Microchip in March 2018) was a fabless semiconductor company specializing in the design and manufacture of communication and medical semiconductor integrated circuits, modules, and other devices. In 2011, Microsemi acquired Zarlink in a hostile takeover and merged it into its own operations.

In its last years as an independent entity, the company's core capabilities were in network timing, voice enhancement and ultra low-power wireless communication.  Its head offices were located in Ottawa, Canada. Zarlink sold products to 3,000 customers in more than 100 countries.  In 2011, it had approximately 500 employees worldwide, including in development centres in Canada and the U.S., and specialized fabrication facilities in Wales. Essentially all of its manufacturing was done off-shore through subcontracting partners.

History

Early history
Zarlink was part of Mitel Corporation which was founded by Terry Matthews and Michael Cowpland in 1973. In 1982 the company developed the industry's first T1/E1 framer chip and later introduced the industry's first echo cancellation chip in 1996.

In 1998, Mitel acquired GEC-Plessey Semiconductor in the UK from the General Electric Company for US $225 million in cash, through which it gained wireless technology and communications ASIC and systems integration expertise, including RF (Radio Frequency) technology. The combined semiconductor businesses at the time ranked Mitel among the top ten networking companies in the world.

21st century

By 2000, the semiconductor and PBX divisions had combined annual revenues of USD $1.4 billion.  However the semiconductor business was experiencing significant growth while the PBX division grew more slowly in the face of competition from Cisco, Avaya and other significant players.

PBX division
With Kirk Mandy as CEO and President, Mitel in 2001 sold its PBX division back to Terry Matthews along with the Mitel name for CDN $300 million.  The PBX division had growth of 5-6% annually while the semiconductor division had been growing at 45-47%.  Soon after, Mandy retired and was replaced by a management team drawn mainly from National Semiconductor.

Division renamed
The semiconductor division was renamed Zarlink to reflect its interest in networking. It derives either from the Latin word "Caesar" or Russian word "Tsar" meaning "one having great power or authority" and the word "link" which means "to connect or be connected".  With the sale Zarlink became a pure play semiconductor company focused on specialized markets.  Over time it became virtually fabless by selling essentially all of its fabrication plants and other manufacturing facilities to third parties and outsourcing the bulk of its production.

Foundry
In 2002 Zarlink sold its foundry in Bromont, Quebec, Canada to Dalsa Corporation, and its wafer fabrication facility in Plymouth, UK to X-FAB Semiconductor Foundries AG. In the same year, the company unveiled the industry's first high-density CESoP (Circuit Emulation Services-over-Packet) packet processor to allow service providers to carry TDM traffic over IP networks.

In 2003 it significantly expanded its timing portfolio to offer a comprehensive range of digital, analog and module synchronization products. With worsening economic conditions globally Zarlink implemented several workforce reductions while trying to widely diversify the company's product portfolio.  This strategy proved to be unsuccessful.   Mandy returned to head up the company in 2003.  In the following years there were several additional workforce reductions and non-core assets were sold off.

RF Front-End
In 2005 it announced the sale of its RF Front-End consumer business to Intel and in 2006 the sale of its Packet Switching product group to Conexant Systems.

In 2004 Given Imaging selected Zarlink's ultra low-power RF transmitter chip for use in the world's first swallowable camera capsule. Zarlink's RF chip transmits two movie-quality images per second from the capsule, allowing a more thorough and non-invasive examination of the gastrointestinal tract. In 2009 the company announced that it had shipped over one million RF chips for use in Given Imaging's PillCam SB video capsules.

Transceiver chip
In 2005 Zarlink launched the industry's first ultra low-power transceiver chip for wireless communication systems designed exclusively to operate in the Medical Implantable Communication Service (MICS) band, used to link implanted medical devices and base stations. In 2008 the chip won an EE Times Product of the Year award. In the same year the company announced that it had already shipped over 30,000 modules incorporating the chip to St. Jude Medical for use in implanted defibrillators.   The chip and module is being designed into a variety of medical implantable devices and external instruments such as pacemakers, defibrillators, and devices used to treat dystonia, acute pain, parkinsons, epilepsy, and other advanced monitoring, diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

In June 2007 Zarlink acquired Legerity, a privately held former division of AMD, headquartered in Austin, Texas for US$134.5 million in cash.  Legerity was a leading supplier of analog voice technologies for carrier, enterprise and residential gateway equipment.

Analog foundry
In February 2008, it sold an unprofitable analog foundry in Swindon, United Kingdom and successfully defended itself against a dissident shareholder battle led by a 5 percent stakeholder accusing Zarlink of overspending on R&D.

Implant project
Zarlink announced a Zarlink-led Self-Energizing Implantable Medical Microsystem (SIMM) project which successfully designed and tested an in-body microgenerator that will harvest energy from the heartbeat to power implanted medical devices.  In 2009 the project was named winner of the Emerging Technology Award at the Institution of Engineering and Technology's (IET) Innovation Awards in London, England.

Late history
In May 2010 it sold its Optical Products Group in Sweden and Phoenix and set its focus on its timing, synchronization, medical and line circuit businesses. In September 2010 it sold a campus located in Järfälla, Sweden for US$16M to a company affiliated with the Stendorren group in Stockholm.

Following the Legerity acquisition Zarlink significantly reduced its manufacturing costs, made changes to its management team (including the appointment of Garry Tanner to CEO, formerly COO at Legerity), launched three new technology platforms (one for each of its businesses) and aggressively drove the company's finances forward.  Fiscal 2011 operating income reached $39 million up from $19 million the previous year and net income reached $69 million, up from $7 million in 2011. In 2011 revenues from its timing and synchronization business grew by 38% while its voice telephony business grew by 34%.  The company's share price rose tenfold compared to March 2009, and it roughly doubled its cash and cash equivalents to $124 million at the end of the first quarter, from $62 million a year earlier.  Its revenues reached $220 million in fiscal 2011 and profits grew eightfold.

Takeover
Zarlink's turnaround attracted several supposedly "unsolicited" offers by Microsemi, an $800 million company.  After being rebuffed Microsemi was forced to improve its valuation of the company.  In reaction to the increased offers Zarlink's Board launched a strategic alternatives review process. In October, 2011 Microsemi agreed to acquire Zarlink for $3.98 a share, a nearly 70% premium over its trading price, for a total consideration of over USD $630 million.

References

Fabless semiconductor companies
Companies based in Ottawa
Semiconductor companies of Canada
2011 mergers and acquisitions

Zarlink


Azara serrata est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Flacourtiaceae en classification classique, ou de la famille des Salicaceae en . Elle est originaire de Chili et d'Argentine.

Liste des variétés
Selon  (Attention liste brute contenant possiblement des synonymes) :
 Azara serrata var. bergii (F. Phil. ex Phil.) Reiche
 Azara serrata var. chiloensis (Hook. f.) Reiche
 Azara serrata var. fernandeziana (Gay) Reiche
 Azara serrata var. serrata

Notes et références

Liens externes

Flacourtiaceae (Cronquist)
Salicaceae
Espèce d'Angiospermes (nom scientifique)

Azara serrata


Mario Tomić (Zagreb, 22. lipnja 1988.), hrvatski je rukometaš. Osim hrvatskoga, ima i katarsko državljanstvo.

Karijera
Rođen je 22. lipnja 1988. u Zagrebu. Karijeru započinje kao vratar u Medveščaku, s kojim je igrao završnice Hrvatskog kupa 2006. i 2009.

Dolaskom u Sisciju počinje igrati na mjestu kružnoga napadača te se ustaljuje na tom igračkom mjestu. Unatoč odličnim igrama u europskim natjecanjima (kvalifikacije za EHF Kup), zbog financijskoga sloma kluba 2012. odlazi u Katar, gdje potpisuje za Al Sadd.

Odbio je ponudu Zagreba za mjesto kružnoga napadača u ljeto 2015., zbog ugovorne obveze prema katarskom klubu.

Kao standardni igrač katarske reprezentacije, našao se i na širem popisu igrača za Olimpijske igre 2016., ali na kraju nije bio izabran u prvu momčad.

Nakon izbijanja diplomatske krize u Kataru početkom lipnja 2017. vraća se u Hrvatsku. Tri mjeseca kasnije potpisuje za našički Nexe, za koji je prvonastup ostvario 20. rujna na utakmici SEHA lige protiv Gorenja.

Bilješke
 Pogodci i nastupi samo za sezonu 2010./11.

Vrela

Životopisi, Zagreb
Životopisi, Katar
Rukometaši RK NEXE Našica
Hrvatski rukometni vratari
Hrvatski rukometaši
Rukometaši RK Medveščaka

Mario Tomić (rukometaš)


Onthophagus phoenicocerus é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Lea em 1923.

Referências

Ligações externas

phoenicocerus
Coleópteros descritos em 1923

Onthophagus phoenicocerus


İdrisli, Samsun ilinin Kavak ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Gelenek ve görenekler
Mahallenin bilinen gelenek ve görenekleri arasında dini bayramlarda ve cenazelerde cami avlusuna her evden yemek çıkarma ve misafirlerle paylaşmak yer alır. Yemek çıkaramayan evlere cami avlusundan sofra gönderilir ve hastalığı sebebiyle namaza gelemeyen insanlar evlerinde köy halkı tarafından topluca ziyaret edilir.

Köy meydanlarında ağaçlara urgan ve tahta yardımıyla salıncaklar kurulur ve gençler eğlenirler.

Kurban Bayramı'nda kesilen hayvanların sağ ayak butları kesilip cami avlusunda toplanır ve kurban kesemeyen köylülere dağıtılır.

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 54 km, Kavak ilçesine 4 km uzaklıktadır.

Kavak'ın mahalleleri

İdrisli, Kavak


Frank Launder (Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 28 de janeiro de 1906-Monte Carlo, Mónaco, 23 de fevereiro de 1997) foi um escritor, diretor de cinema e produtor britânico, que fez mais de 40 filmes, muitos deles em colaboração com Sidney Gilliat.

Cineastas da Inglaterra
Nascidos em 1906
Mortos em 1997

Frank Launder


نادي منيف أحد أقدم أندية المملكة العربية السعودية عامة ومنطقة الحجاز خاصة، تأسس في عام 1963 م على يد الأستاذ / سعد السعدون. أطلق عليه اسم منيف نسبة إلى قصر منيف الشهير ب مدينة تربة الذي تهدم أكثر أجزائه أثناء معركة تربة.

أبرز رؤساء النادي

1- سعد السعدون البقمي. (المؤسس)

2- محمد سعد محي البقمي.

3- سعد محمد البدري البقمي.

4- محمد ناصر البدري البقمي.

5- محمد دوخي فضاء البقمي.

6- فيصل شباب القرفي البقمي.

7- معيض عويض القوادي البقمي.

الإنجازات والبطولات

1- تمثيل المملكة في اللقاء الثقافي الدولي لأندية الخليج العربي والذي أقيم بدولة الأمارات العربية المتحدة عام 1409 هجرية .

2- حصول فريق كرة القدم لدرجة الناشئين على المركز الأول لبطولة الطائف واللعب على نهائي الغربية ضد نادي الاتحاد .

3- تأهل فريق كرة القدم لدرجة الأولمبي لدور الـ 32 من بطولة المملكة وتغلبه في مباراة الذهاب على نادي الوطني .

4- المركز الثاني للناشئين في بطولة المملكة العربية السعودية لكرة اليد عام 1409.

5- اشتراك لاعب النادي والمنتخب سعد حسين البقمي ضمن البطولة العربية لالعاب القوى بالجزائر وحصل على المركز السادس.

6- حصول لاعب النادي والمنتخب سعد حسين البقمي على المركز الرابع في مسابقة قذف القرص على مستوى بطولة غرب أسيا لألعاب القوى للعموم والتي أقيمت ب الدوحة عام 1426 هجرية.

7- حصول فريق العاب القوى للدرجة الأولى على المركز الأول في بطولة الغربية والباحة للموسم الرياضي 1423/1424 هجرية.

8- حصول فريق العاب القوى للدرجة الأولى على المركز الأول في بطولة الغربية والباحة للمواسم الرياضي 1424/1425 هجرية.

9- حصول فريق العاب القوى للدرجة الأولى على المركز الأول في بطولة الغربية والباحة للمواسم الرياضي 1427/1428 هجرية.

10- حصل فريق كرة اليد لدرجة الشباب على المركز الأول على المنطقة الغربية 1427 هجرية.

11- تحقيق الفريق الأول لكرة القدم لوصافة دوري الدرجة الرابعة السعودي والميداليات الفضية للموسم الرياضي 1444 هجرية - 2022 / 2023

أبرز مدربين النادي

1- حاتم الكردي

أبرز لاعبين النادي

 سعد حسين البدري البقمي _ بطل المملكة العربية السعودية في القرص والجلة. وثاني الخليج وثاني العرب ورابع أسيا.
 محسن حسين البدري البقمي _ بطل الرمح لاعب المنتخب السعودي.
 محمد دوخي البقمي لاعب نادي الوحدة سابقاً في كرة القدم .
 علي بن حسين البدري لاعب نادي الاتحاد سابقاً في كرة القدم.
 محسن بن سعد لاعب كرة اليد .
== لمحة وشكر لكل من ساهم بدعم النادي بشتى الوسائل .

آخر اعتماد مجلس إدارة

اعتمد مؤخراً الأمير عبدالله بن مساعد بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود الرئيس العام لرعاية الشباب مجلس إدارة نادي منيف والمكون من:

 محمد بن دوخي البقمي (رئيس للنادي)
 مسلط بن ضاوي البقمي (نائب للرئيس)
 مطلق بن عايض البقمي (أمين عام)
 راكان المشيخي (أمين الصندوق)
 سعود بن مقبل البقمي (عضو)
 حاتم عبد الله هبه (عضو)
 محمد بن هندي البقمي (عضو)
 محمد بن حمود البقمي (عضو)
 سلطان بن حمود البقمي (عضو)

المراجع ووصلات ذات علاقة

 البصارة: الإنجاز إهداء لأمير المنطقة الشرقية وسمو نائبه- https://www.alyaum.com/articles/6461945/الميدان-الرياضي/الدوري-السعودي/البصارة-الإنجاز-إهداء-لأمير-المنطقة-الشرقية-وسمو-نائبه

 عبد الله بن حوالة الأزدي
 عامر بن حوالة بن الهنوء بن الأزد
 البقوم
 تربة البقوم
 جبل حضن

 الشنفرى الأزدي
 حرة البقوم
 وادي تربة
 سد وادي تربة
 طريق الفيل

 حازم البقمي
 أطيلس البقمي
 إمارة الحناتيش
 قلعة شنقل
 مقعد بن حدري البقمي
 عاضة بن شلهوب

 هزاع الصفراء
 الموركة
 آل محي
 المعنّى
 فيصل الرياحي
 نادي منيف

أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1963
منيف
تأسيسات سنة 1963 في السعودية

نادي منيف


Kevin Wimmer (* 15. November 1992 in Wels) ist ein österreichischer Fußballspieler.

Karriere

Verein
Kevin Wimmer begann beim FC Edt in Edt bei Lambach mit dem Fußballspielen im Verein. Als Zehnjähriger von einem Trainer des LASK entdeckt, wechselte er zur Fußballakademie des LASK. Beim FC Edt noch als Stürmer spielend, war Wimmer bei der Akademie zunächst Mittelfeldspieler und wurde schließlich zum Verteidiger umfunktioniert. Mit der Fußballakademie spielte er zuletzt 2009/10 in der U-19-Jugendliga. Ab 2010 gehörte er den LASK Juniors an, mit denen er 2010/11 die Meisterschaft in der Regionalliga Mitte gewann. Im Februar 2011 unterschrieb er einen Profivertrag und gab am 29. Juli 2011 sein Debüt in der Ersten Liga, der zweithöchsten Spielklasse Österreichs. In der Folge etablierte er sich als Stammspieler in der ersten Mannschaft. Dort kam er als Innenverteidiger und als linker Außenverteidiger zum Einsatz.

Nach der Saison 2011/12 wechselte er vom damals lizenzlosen Absteiger LASK ablösefrei zum deutschen Absteiger aus der Bundesliga 1. FC Köln. Der LASK erhielt allerdings eine Ausbildungsentschädigung von 200.000 Euro. Am 21. April 2014 stieg er mit dem 1. FC Köln in die Fußball-Bundesliga auf.

Zur Saison 2015/16 wechselte Wimmer zum englischen Erstligisten Tottenham Hotspur.

Im August 2017 schloss sich Wimmer Tottenhams Ligakonkurrenten Stoke City an. Für den Transfer überwies Stoke 18 Mio. Pfund an die Londoner. Bei den Potters unterschrieb Wimmer einen Fünf-Jahres-Vertrag. Beim Erstligaabstieg von Stoke spielte er nur eine untergeordnete Rolle, im Saisonverlauf kam er letztmals im Januar 2018 zum Einsatz.

Zur Saison 2018/19 schloss sich Wimmer auf Leihbasis dem Bundesligisten Hannover 96 an, der Verein besaß zudem eine Kaufoption. Wimmer kam unter den Cheftrainern André Breitenreiter und Thomas Doll zu 22 Bundesligaeinsätzen und stieg mit dem Verein in die 2. Bundesliga ab. Er verließ Hannover 96 am Saisonende mit seinem Vertragsende.

Zur Sommervorbereitung kehrte Wimmer nicht zu Stoke City zurück, sondern hielt sich im Trainingslager des 1. FC Köln fit. Im August 2019 wechselte er leihweise nach Belgien zu Royal Excel Mouscron. Für Mouscron kam er bis zum Saisonabbruch infolge der COVID-19-Pandemie zu 17 von 23 möglichen Einsätzen in der Division 1A sowie einem Pokalspiel. Nach dem Ende der Leihe kehrte er zu Stoke zurück. Dort spielte er jedoch keine Rolle mehr und gehörte nicht einmal dem Spieltagsaufgebot an. Daraufhin wurde er im Februar 2021 ein drittes Mal verliehen, diesmal an den deutschen Zweitligisten Karlsruher SC. Für Karlsruhe kam er während der Leihe zu zehn Zweitligaeinsätzen.

Nach dem Ende der Leihe kehrte Wimmer zur Saison 2021/22 nicht nach England zurück, sondern wechselte zurück nach Österreich zum Bundesligisten SK Rapid Wien, bei dem er einen bis Juni 2023 laufenden Vertrag erhielt. Sein Debüt in der Bundesliga gab er am 24. Juli 2021 bei einem Spiel gegen den TSV Hartberg, welches die Steirer mit 2:0 für sich entscheiden konnten. Insgesamt kam er zu 28 Bundesligaeinsätzen für Rapid. Nach der Saison 2022/23 verließ er die Wiener und wechselte in die Slowakei zum ŠK Slovan Bratislava.

Nationalmannschaft
Wimmer war 2010 zweimal für die U-18-Nationalmannschaft aktiv und wurde später auch für den Kader der U-21-Mannschaft berufen. In der A-Nationalmannschaft kam er am 19. November 2013 beim Freundschaftsspiel gegen die USA unter Teamchef Marcel Koller erstmals zum Einsatz.

Bei der Fußball-Europameisterschaft 2016 in Frankreich wurde er in das Aufgebot Österreichs aufgenommen. Im zweiten Spiel des Turniers gegen Portugal wurde er beim Stand von 0:0 in den Schlussminuten eingewechselt. Es blieb sein einziger Einsatz. Nach der Gruppenphase schied das Team mit nur einem Punkt aus.

Bei den Qualifikationsspielen zur Weltmeisterschaft 2018 wurde er in den ersten Spielen eingesetzt. In den letzten Spielen gehörte er nicht zum Kader. Österreich erreichte am Schluss nur Platz 4 der Qualifikationsgruppe und qualifizierte sich daher nicht für das Turnier. Seitdem stand Wimmer nur bei einem Freundschaftsspiel am 16. Oktober 2018 gegen Dänemark eine Halbzeit auf dem Platz.

Sonstiges
Kevin Wimmers Vater Wolfgang war ebenfalls Fußballspieler.

Titel und Erfolge
 Zweitliga-Meister und Aufstieg in die deutsche Bundesliga: 2014

Weblinks

  Auf der Website des "Vereins zur Förderung des österreichischen Traditionsvereins LASK", seit1908.at, 29. September 2011

Einzelnachweise

Fußballnationalspieler (Österreich)
Fußballspieler (LASK)
Fußballspieler (1. FC Köln)
Fußballspieler (Stoke City)
Fußballspieler (Tottenham Hotspur)
Fußballspieler (Hannover 96)
Fußballspieler (Royal Excel Mouscron)
Fußballspieler (Karlsruher SC)
Fußballspieler (SK Rapid Wien)
Fußballspieler (ŠK Slovan Bratislava)
Teilnehmer an einer Fußball-Europameisterschaft (Österreich)
Sportler (Wels)
Österreicher
Geboren 1992
Mann

Kevin Wimmer


An Phacelurus huillensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Alfred Barton Rendle, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Clayton. An Phacelurus huillensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Phacelurus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Phacelurus

Phacelurus huillensis


Primary care is the day-to-day healthcare given by a health care provider. Typically this provider acts as the first contact and principal point of continuing care for patients within a healthcare system, and coordinates other specialist care that the patient may need. Patients commonly receive primary care from professionals such as a primary care physician (general practitioner or family physician), a physician assistant, a physical therapist, or a nurse practitioner. In some localities, such a professional may be a registered nurse, a pharmacist, a clinical officer (as in parts of Africa), or an Ayurvedic or other traditional medicine professional (as in parts of Asia). Depending on the nature of the health condition, patients may then be referred for secondary or tertiary care.

Background
The World Health Organization attributes the provision of essential primary care as an integral component of an inclusive primary healthcare strategy. Primary care involves the widest scope of healthcare, including all ages of patients, patients of all socioeconomic and geographic origins, patients seeking to maintain optimal health, and patients with all manner of acute and chronic physical, mental and social health issues, including multiple chronic diseases. Consequently, a primary care practitioner must possess a wide breadth of knowledge in many areas. Continuity is a key characteristic of primary care, as patients usually prefer to consult the same practitioner for routine check-ups and preventive care, health education, and every time they require an initial consultation about a new health problem. Collaboration among providers is a desirable characteristic of primary care.

The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) is a standardized tool for understanding and analyzing information on interventions in primary care by the reason for the patient visit. Common chronic illnesses usually treated in primary care may include, for example: hypertension, angina, diabetes, asthma, COPD, depression and anxiety, back pain, arthritis or thyroid dysfunction. Primary care also includes many basic maternal and child health care services, such as family planning services and vaccinations.

In context of global population ageing, with increasing numbers of older adults at greater risk of chronic non-communicable diseases, rapidly increasing demand for primary care services is expected around the world, in both developed and developing countries.

Funding for primary care varies a great deal between different countries: general taxation, national insurance systems, private insurance and direct payment by patients are all used, sometimes in combination. The payment system for primary care physicians also varies. Some are paid by fee-for-service and some by capitation for a list of registered patients.

Primary care by region

Canada

In Canada, access to primary and other healthcare services is guaranteed for all citizens through the Canada Health Act.

Hong Kong
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government's 2016 Policy Address recommended strengthening the development of primary care and establishing an electronic database of the "Primary Care Guide" to facilitate public consultation. The Department of Health developed reference profiles for preventive care for some chronic diseases.

In 2017, the policy address recommended the establishment of a primary health care development steering committee to comprehensively review the planning of primary health care services and provide community medical services through regional medical and social cooperation.

The 2018 policy address proposed the establishment of the first district health centre and promoted the establishment of district centre in other districts.

The Hong Kong Food and Health Bureau established the Primary Healthcare Office on March 1, 2019, to monitor and supervise the development of primary health care services. In the process of developing the district health centers, regional health stations will be set up in various districts as transitional units offering the public with primary care services.

Nigeria

In Nigeria, healthcare is a concurrent responsibility of three tiers of government. Local governments focus on the delivery of primary care (e.g. through a system of dispensaries), state governments manage the various general hospitals (secondary care), while the federal government's role is mostly limited to coordinating the affairs of the Federal Medical Centres and university teaching hospitals (tertiary care).general medical

Poland
Basic Primary care, () is a basic, common element of the health care system in Poland.

The basic health care unit (formerly: health care facility) is a medical entity that provides comprehensive care for people who have declared their willingness to use the services of a family doctor or another doctor who has the right to create an active list of patients. This means treatment and prevention of diseases, rehabilitation, as well as adjudication on the state of health. For a health care center to become a primary care provider, it must also provide care for its health visitor and midwife.

Since 2007, only General Practitioners, doctors undergoing specialization in family medicine, and doctors who have previously acquired the right to create an active list due to seniority in POZ before 2007 can be doctors creating active primary care lists. The currently pending proposals of the Ministry of Health, granting the right to create an active list to internists and pediatricians without experience of working in primary care, met with severe criticism of all family medicine organizations.

In organizational terms, POZ can act as:

non-public healthcare facility (NZOZ) - private company
independent public health care institution (SPZOZ) - a state unit or subordinate to local government
individual medical practice - private medical or nursing practice
group medical practice - a group of private medical or nursing practices
group / individual practice of community and family nurses
group / individual practice of community midwives.

The Act of October 27, 2017 on basic health care (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 172) has been in force since 2017.

POZ clinics are independent companies (except SPZOZ), however, the services they provide are free for insured persons when POZ has a contract with the National Health Fund.

Russia

Primary health care () in the Russian Federation is free (as part of territorial compulsory health insurance programs).

Primary health care includes measures for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment of diseases and conditions, medical rehabilitation, monitoring the course of pregnancy, the formation of a healthy lifestyle, including reducing the level of risk factors for diseases, and sanitary and hygienic education. Primary health care is provided to citizens on an outpatient basis and in an inpatient setting, in planned and emergency forms.

Types of primary health care:
primary pre-medical health care
primary medical care
primary specialized health care
Primary pre-medical health care is provided by paramedics, obstetricians and other medical workers with secondary medical education.

Primary medical health care is provided by general practitioners, district general practitioners, pediatricians, district general pediatricians and general practitioners (family doctors). Primary specialized health care is provided by specialist doctors, including medical specialists from medical organizations that provide specialized, including high-tech, medical care.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, patients can access primary care services through their local general practice, community pharmacy, optometrist, dental surgery and community hearing care providers. Services are generally provided free-at-the-point-contact through the National Health Service.  In the UK, unlike many other countries, patients do not normally have direct access to hospital consultants and the GP controls access to secondary care.  This practice is referred to as "gatekeeping"; the future of this role has been questioned by researchers who conclude "Gatekeeping policies should be revisited to accommodate the government's aim to modernise the NHS in terms of giving patients more choice and facilitate more collaborative work between GPs and specialists. At the same time, any relaxation of gatekeeping should be carefully evaluated to ensure the clinical and non-clinical benefits outweigh the costs".

United States
As of 2012, there were about six primary care professional societies in the United States, including American College of Physicians, American Academy of Family Physicians, the Society of General Internal Medicine, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Osteopathic Association, and the American Geriatrics Society.

A 2009 report by the New England Healthcare Institute determined that increased demand for primary care by older, sicker patients and decreased supply of primary care practitioners has led to a crisis in primary care delivery. The research identified a set of innovations that could enhance the quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of primary care in the United States.

On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) into law. The law is estimated to have expanded health insurance coverage by 20 million people by early 2016 and is expected to expand health care to 34 million people by 2021. The success of the expansion of health insurance under the ACA in large measure depends on the availability of primary care physicians. The ACA has drastically exacerbated the projected deficit of primary care physicians needed to ensure care for insured Americans. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), without the ACA, the United States would have been short roughly 64,000 physicians by 2020; with the implementation of the ACA, it will be 91,000 physicians short. According to the AAMC's November 2009 physician work force report, nationally, the rate of physicians providing primary care is 79.4 physicians per 100,000 residents.

Primary healthcare results in better health outcomes, reduced health disparities, and lower spending, including on avoidable emergency department visits and hospital care. That said, primary care physicians are an important component in ensuring that the healthcare system as a whole is sustainable. However, despite their importance to the healthcare system, the primary care position has suffered in terms of its prestige in part due to the differences in salary compared to doctors that decide to specialize. A 2010 national study of physician wages conducted by the UC Davis Health System found that specialists are paid as much as 52 percent more than primary care physicians, even though primary care physicians see far more patients.

In 2005, primary care physicians earned $60.48 per hour; specialists, on average earned $88.34. A follow-up study conducted by the UC Davis Health System found that earnings throughout the careers of primary care physicians averaged as much as $2.8 million less than the earnings of their specialist colleagues. This discrepancy in pay has potentially made primary care a less attractive choice for medical school graduates. In 2015, almost 19,000 doctors graduated from American medical schools, and only 7 percent of graduates chose a career in primary care. The average age of a primary care physician in the United States is 47 years old, and one-quarter of all primary care physicians are nearing retirement. Fifty years ago, roughly half of the physicians in America practiced primary care; today, fewer than one-third of them do.

Projections show that by the year 2033, the population of individuals 65 and older will increase by 45.1%, creating a demand for primary care physicians that is greater than the supply.

The medical home model is intended to help coordinate care with the primary care provider at the center of the patient's healthcare.

Strategies to address the primary care shortage
The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act contains several provisions to increase primary care capacity. These provisions are directed towards medical school graduates and include payment reform, student loan forgiveness programs, and increased primary care residency positions  The PPACA also provides funding and mandates to increase the role of mid-level practitioners like physician assistants and nurse practitioners to enhance the primary care workforce. The PPACA is projected to increase patient demand for primary care services. By adopting new patient care delivery models that include physicians working in tandem with physician assistants and nurse practitioners, the demand for future primary care services could be met. Consumer surveys have found the American public to be open to a greater role for physician extenders in the primary care setting. Policies and laws, primarily at the state level, would need to redefine and reallocate the roles and responsibilities for non-physician licensed providers to optimize these new models of care.

According to  a FAIR Health analysis, 29 percent of patients who received medical care in the US between 2016 and 2022 did not see a primary care doctor.

Shared-decision making

Involving older patients
There is currently limited evidence to form a robust conclusion that involving older patients with multiple long-term conditions in decision-making during primary care consultations has benefits. Examples of patient involvement in decision-making about their health care include patient workshops and coaching, individual patient coaching. Further research in this developing area is needed.

See also

 Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC classification for drugs)
 Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals (CPR)
 Direct primary care (United States)
 International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
 Medical classification
 Nursing shortage
 Physician shortage
 Primary care ethics
 Primary care service area
 Primary Health Organisation (New Zealand)

References

External links

 Defining Primary Care from Institute of Medicine IOM – Primary Care: America's Health in a New Era (1996)
 Primary Care Definitions from American Academy of Family Physicians AAFP
 Definition of Primary Care from American Medical Association AMA
 Defining primary health care Department of Health United Kingdom UK
 What is primary health care? Aboriginal Medical Services Alliance Northern Territory (AMSANT) Australia

Primary care


Ivan I. od Auvergnea (fra. Jean Ier d'Auvergne; † 24. ožujka 1386.; pokopan u Le Bouchetu) bio je francuski plemić iz dinastije Auvergne; grof Montforta, Auvergnea (1361. — 1386.) i Boulognea (1361. — 1386.). Bio je sin grofa Roberta VII. od Auvergnea († 1325.) i njegove druge žene, gospe Marije od Châteauduna i Flandrije te brat gospe Matilde i kardinala Guya od Boulognea.

Brak
Supruga Ivana I. bila je njegova imenjakinja, Ivana od Clermonta, kći baruna Ivana od Charolaisa te unuka princa Roberta Capeta od Francuske. Ivan i Ivana su bili roditelji sina, grofa Ivana II. od Auvergnea († 1404.) te kćeri Marije († 1388.) i Ivane. Marija je bila dama Saint-Just-en-Champagnea i Granges-en-Auvergnea te supruga Rajmonda od Turennea.

Izvori i bilješke

Vanjske poveznice
JEANNE de Clermont

Grofovi Auvergnea
Grofovi Boulognea

Ivan I. od Auvergnea


Vergína, en , est une petite ville et un ancien dème du district régional d'Imathie, en Macédoine-Centrale, Grèce. Depuis 2010, il est fusionné au sein du dème de Náoussa.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du dème s'élève à  tandis que celle de la ville compte .

Elle est située à  au sud-est de Véria, la capitale du district régional, et à environ  au sud-ouest de Thessalonique. Elle est implantée au pied des monts de Piérie, à une altitude de .

La ville serait située sur le site de l'ancienne Aigai, la capitale du royaume de Macédoine. Elle a été connue dans le monde entier en 1977, lorsque le département des fouilles de l'université Aristote de Thessalonique, sous la direction du professeur d'archéologie Manólis Andrónikos et de ses associés, a découvert les lieux de sépulture des rois macédoniens et parmi les autres tombes, un monument funéraire qui, selon l'argument d'Andrónikos, est celui du roi Philippe II, père d'Alexandre le Grand. La découverte de ces pièces est considérée par beaucoup comme ayant confirmé l'emplacement de la ville antique d'Aigai, la première capitale du royaume macédonien.

La localité compte deux sites inscrits au patrimoine mondial : l'ancienne cité et nécropole d'Aigai et le village de l'âge du bronze et cimetière de tumuli.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Article connexe
 Liste du patrimoine mondial en Grèce

Liens externes

Ancien dème en Grèce
Dème en Macédoine-Centrale
Ville en Macédoine-Centrale

Vergína


Nytgribskov (egen skrivemåde: nytgribskov) er en lokalpolitisk liste i Gribskov Kommune, som blev dannet før Kommunalvalg 2013. Den blev stiftet af udbrydere fra Venstre, Konservative og SF og opnående fire mandater i byrådet ved valget i 2013, og var med i konstituering i de første tre år med fremtrædende formandsposter for både planudvalg og børneudvalg. 1 år før valget forlod nytgribskov det indgåede budgetforlig og var, det sidste år frem til valget i 2017, i opposition.

Ved Kommunalvalget 2017 førte listen valgkamp med krav om mere åbenhed i de kommunale beslutningsprocesser, styrkelse af de små landsbyer og større borgerinddragelse. Listen fik her 6 mandater og på baggrund af denne fremgang opnåede listen med støtte fra Socialdemokratiet og Enhedslisten ved konstitueringen et flertal for dens spidskandidat Anders Gerner Frost som borgmester fra 1. januar 2018.

15. maj 2021 blev det meldt ud at den tidligere cykelrytter Jesper Skibby stiller op til kommunalvalget 16. november.

Referencer

Etableret i 2013
Borgerlister
Gribskov Kommune

Nytgribskov


An Schoenoxiphium sparteum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Göran Wahlenberg, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Charles Baron Clarke. An Schoenoxiphium sparteum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Schoenoxiphium, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Schoenoxiphium

Schoenoxiphium sparteum


Baron Glenarthur, of Carlung in the County of Ayr, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1918 for the Scottish businessman Sir Matthew Arthur, 1st Baronet. He had already been created a baronet, of Carlung in the County of Ayr, on 28 November 1902. The title of the barony was derived from the joining of his mother's maiden surname name of Glen and his patronymic Arthur.

He was the oldest son of Glasgow merchant, James Arthur who founded Arthur & Company Limited, James Arthur was originally in business with the Frasers. Matthew was also first cousin to Sir Thomas Glen-Coats, 1st Baronet. , the titles are held by his great-grandson, the fourth Baron, who succeeded his father in 1976. He notably held office in the Conservative administrations of Margaret Thatcher and is now one of the ninety elected hereditary peers that remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999.

Barons Glenarthur (1918)
Matthew Arthur, 1st Baron Glenarthur (1852–1928)
(James) Cecil Arthur, 2nd Baron Glenarthur (1883–1942)
Matthew Arthur, 3rd Baron Glenarthur (1909–1976)
Simon Mark Arthur, 4th Baron Glenarthur (b. 1944)

The heir apparent is the present holder's only son, Hon. Edward Alexander Arthur (b. 1973).

Line of succession

  Matthew Arthur, 1st Baron Glenarthur (1852–1928)
  (James) Cecil Arthur, 2nd Baron Glenarthur (1883–1942)
  Matthew Arthur, 3rd Baron Glenarthur (1909–1976)
  Simon Mark Arthur, 4th Baron Glenarthur (born 1944)
 (1) Hon. Edward Alexander Arthur (b. 1973)
 (2) Hon. Matthew Richard Arthur (b. 1948)
 (3) Matthew Frederick Michael Arthur (b. 1981)

References

Sources

Kidd, Charles; Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.

Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1918

Baron Glenarthur


كنيسة سان رومان (بالإسبانية: Iglesia de San Román) تقع في طليطلة وهي من أقدم معالم المدينة. المتأكد منه أنها ترجع على الأقل إلى العهد القوطي، كما تدل على ذلك الأعمدة الست التي تم إعادة استخدامها في تجديد البناء لاحقاً. من المحتمل أن الكنيسة بنيت على أنقاض معبد روماني قديم، على كل حال ليس بالإمكان معرفة بالتحديد عهد بنائها. بعد الفتح الإسلامي للمدينة سنة 711 م حوِّل إلى مسجد. وبعد الاسترداد المسيحي لطليطلة سنة 1085 على يد ملك قشتالة وليونة ألفونسو السادس، حولت من جديد إلى كنيسة، وتم إعادة بنائها كليتاً في القرن الثالث عشر وإلحاق المنارة القديمة للمسجد بها. المنارة ذاتها التي أعلن منها حسب الأسطورة ألفونسو الثامن ملكاً على قشتالة وهو لا يزال طفلا في حادي عشر من عمره.

المعلم في حد ذاته ملخص للمدينة لما يحمله من تداخلِ في أشكال الفن المعماري والتشكيلي، الكل في تناسق فريد بين الطابعين الرومي والأموي، من خلال الرسوم الحائطية الدينية المسيحية بين الأقواس الحدوية (على شكل حدوة الفرس، التي تعد من أهم خصوصيات الطابع المعماري الأندلسي ذات الأصل القوطي) والمشربيات المحاطة بالنقوش الإسلامية النباتية الشكل. من الخارج البناء يطبع عليه الفن المعماري المدجن الذي تعد طليطلة موطنه الأصلي. المبنى يحوي حالياً متحف الثقافة القوطية، حيث تعرض قطع عدة قطع فنية مختلفة لتلك الفترة، من بينها منسوخات لكنز غورزار Guarrazar الشهير.

معرض صور

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 موقع إقليم قشتالة ولامنشا لسياحة بالإسبانية

معالم إسلامية في الأندلس
أماكن عبادة غير مسيحية حولت إلى كنائس
فن رومانسكي
كنائس رومانية كاثوليكية في طليطلة
مبان كنائس رومانية كاثوليكية في إسبانيا القرن 13
مبان ومنشآت اكتملت في 1221
مبان ومنشآت اكتملت في القرن 12
متاحف في طليطلة
كنائس اكتملت في 1221

كنيسة سان رومان


La Ruta Estatal de California 49, y abreviada SR 49 (en inglés: California State Route 49) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de California. La carretera inicia en el Sur desde la  hacia el Norte en la . La carretera tiene una longitud de 474,8 km (295.065 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta Estatal de California 49 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de California por sus siglas en inglés Caltrans.

Cruces
La Ruta Estatal de California 49 es atravesada principalmente por la  en Mariposa en Oakdale en Sonora en Angels Camp en Sutter Creek en Placerville en Auburn en Nevada City sobre el condado de Sierra.

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de Caltrans

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de California
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

Ruta Estatal de California 49


Svijet

Književna djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

 2. travnja – Paul von Heyse, njemački književnik (* 1830.)

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Književna djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

 17. ožujka –  Antun Gustav Matoš, hrvatski pjesnik, novelist, feljtonist, esejist i putopisa (* 1873.)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Književnost u 1914.


Casanova, identitate feminină este un film românesc din 2009 regizat de Marius Theodor Barna. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Maria Dinulescu, Mimi Brănescu, Costel Cașcaval.

Prezentare

O tânără, Ioana, apare într-un spot publicitar pentru adolescenți și își scandalizează familia datorită conținutului erotic al spotului. Ea pleacă de acasă și încearcă să ia viața pe cont propiu. Ioana realizează că a devenit o mică vedetă, statut care îi aduce și avantaje, dar o pune și în situații neconvenabile; traversează diferite medii, își schimbă prietenii. Ea încercă să își găsească propria identitate într-o societate contemporană extrem de agitată.

Datorită unui anume statut al personalității sale, care simbolizează o emancipare feminină, este inclusă într-o campanie electorală, unde are diferite inovații, dar în final deși ideile ei oferă succes, un sentiment de frustrare o încearcă, fapt ce o determină să revină acasă. Viața poate fi oricând luată de la început. Orice experiență te face mai puternic.

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 1.028 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2009 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2009
Filme regizate de Marius Theodor Barna
Filme dramatice românești

Casanova, identitate feminină


Pyrgomorphidae, es una familia de insectos ortópteros celíferos y el único miembro de la superfamilia Pyrgomorphoidea. Se distribuye por África, en Oceanía, en Asia, el sur de Europa y en América tropical.

Géneros
Según Orthoptera Species File (31 mars 2010):
 Orthacridinae Bolívar, 1905
 Brunniellini Kevan, 1963
 Brunniella Bolívar, 1905
 Chapmanacridini Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Chapmanacris Dirsh, 1959
 Fijipyrgini Kevan, 1966
 Fijipyrgus Kevan, 1966
 Geloiini Bolívar, 1905
 Geloius Saussure, 1899
 Pseudogeloius Dirsh, 1963
 Gymnohippini Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Gymnohippus Bruner, 1910
 Pyrgohippus Dirsh, 1963
 Uhagonia Bolívar, 1905
 Ichthiacridini Kevan, Singh & Akbar, 1964
 Calamacris Rehn, 1904
 Ichthiacris Bolívar, 1905
 Sphenacris Bolívar, 1884
 Malagasphenini Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Malagasphena Kevan, Akbar & Singh, 1964
 Mitricephalini Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Mitricephala Bolívar, 1898
 Mitricephaloides Kevan, 1963
 Nereniini Kevan, 1964
 Buergersius Ramme, 1930
 Fusiacris Willemse, 1955
 Kapaoria Bolívar, 1898
 Megra Campion, 1923
 Modernacris Willemse, 1931
 Nerenia Bolívar, 1905
 Noonacris Kevan, 1966
 Paratarbaleus Ramme, 1941
 Tarbaleopsis Ramme, 1930
 Orthacridini Bolívar, 1905
 Acropyrgus Descamps & Wintrebert, 1966
 Ambositracris Dirsh, 1963
 Burmorthacris Kevan, Singh & Akbar, 1964
 Caprorhinus Saussure, 1899
 Dyscolorhinus Saussure, 1899
 Kuantania Miller, 1935
 Neorthacris Kevan & Singh, 1964
 Orthacris Bolívar, 1884
 Pseudosphena Kevan & Akbar, 1964
 Rakwana Henry, 1933
 Vittisphena Kevan, 1956
 Popoviini Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Colemania Bolívar, 1910
 Nilgiracris Kevan, 1964
 Parorthacris Dirsh, 1958
 Popovia Uvarov, 1952
 Ramakrishnaia Bolívar, 1917
 Sagittacridini Descamps & Wintrebert, 1966
 Acanthopyrgus Descamps & Wintrebert, 1966
 Sagittacris Dirsh, 1963
 Verduliini Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Meubelia Willemse, 1932
 Philippyrgus Kevan, 1974
 Spinacris Willemse, 1933
 Verdulia Bolívar, 1905
 tribu indeterminada
 Megradina Storozhenko, 2004
 Pyrgomorphinae Brunner von Wattenwyl 1874
 Atractomorphini Bolívar, 1905
 Occidentosphena Kevan, 1956
 Atractomorpha Saussure, 1862
 Chlorizeinini Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Chlorizeinina Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Chlorizeina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
 Feacris Kevan, 1969
 Pterorthacris Uvarov, 1921
 Humpatellina Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Cawendia Karsch, 1888
 Humpatella Karsch, 1896
 Pseudorubellia Dirsh, 1963
 Marsabitacridina Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Katangacris Kevan & Akbar, 1964
 Marsabitacris Kevan, 1957
 Chrotogonini Bolívar, 1904
 Caconda Bolívar, 1884
 Chrotogonus Serville, 1838
 Shoacris Kevan, 1952
 Stibarosterna Uvarov, 1953
 Tenuitarsus Bolívar, 1904
 Desmopterini Bolívar, 1905
 Apodesmoptera Rehn, 1951
 Desmoptera Bolívar, 1884
 Desmopterella Ramme, 1941
 Doriaella Bolívar, 1898
 Menesesia Willemse, 1922
 Menesesiella Kevan, 1963
 Paradoriaella Willemse, 1961
 Stenoxyphellus Ramme, 1941
 Stenoxyphula Kevan, 1963
 Stenoxyphus Blanchard, 1853
 Dictyophorini Kirby, 1902
 Camoensia Bolívar, 1882
 Dictyophorus Thunberg, 1815
 Loveridgacris Rehn, 1954
 Maura Stål, 1873
 Parapetasia Bolívar, 1884
 Ichthyotettigini Kevan, Singh & Akbar, 1964
 Ichthyotettix Rehn, 1901
 Piscacris Kevan, Singh & Akbar, 1964
 Pyrgotettix Kevan, Singh & Akbar, 1964
 Sphenotettix Kevan & Akbar, 1964
 Monistriini Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Greyacris Rehn, 1953
 Monistria Stål, 1873
 Parastria Key, 1985
 Pileolum Bolívar, 1917
 Yeelanna Rehn, 1953
 Omurini Kevan, 1961
 Algete Bolívar, 1905
 Minorissa Walker, 1870
 Omura Walker, 1870
 Petasidini Key, 1985
 Petasida White, 1845
 Scutillya Sjöstedt, 1921
 Phymateini Bolívar, 1884
 Phymateina Bolívar, 1884
 Paraphymateus Dirsh, 1962
 Phymateus Thunberg, 1815
 Phyteumas Bolívar, 1904
 Rutidoderes Westwood, 1837
 Zonocerina Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Physemophorus Krauss, 1907
 Zonocerus Stål, 1873
 Poekilocerini Burmeister, 1840
 Poekilocerus Serville, 1831
 Psednurini Burr, 1903
 Propsednura Rehn, 1953
 Psedna Key, 1972
 Psednura Burr, 1903
 Pseudomorphacridini Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Pseudomorphacris Carl, 1916
 Pyrgomorphini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874
 Arbusculina Kevan, Akbar & Chang, 1975
 Arbuscula Bolívar, 1905
 Geloiodina Kevan, Akbar & Chang, 1975
 Geloiodes Chopard, 1958
 Parasphenina Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Afrosphenella Kevan & Akbar, 1963
 Chirindites Ramme, 1929
 Parasphena Bolívar, 1884
 Parasphenella Kevan, 1956
 Parasphenula Kevan, 1956
 Pezotagasta Uvarov, 1953
 Stenoscepa Karsch, 1896
 Pyrgomorphina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874
 Anarchita Bolívar, 1904
 Carinisphena Kevan, 1966
 Laufferia Bolívar, 1904
 Leptea Bolívar, 1904
 Macroleptea Kevan, 1962
 Ochrophlebia Stål, 1873
 Ochrophlegma Bolívar, 1904
 Phymella Uvarov, 1922
 Plerisca Bolívar, 1904
 Protanita Kevan, 1962
 Punctisphena Kevan, 1961
 Pyrgomorpha Serville, 1838
 Pyrgomorphella Bolívar, 1904
 Pyrgomorphellula Kevan & Hsiung, 1988
 Pyrgomorphula Kevan & Akbar, 1963
 Scabropyrgus Kevan, 1962
 Somalopyrgus Kevan & Akbar, 1964
 Tanita Bolívar, 1904
 Tanitella Kevan, 1962
 Zarytes Bolívar, 1904
 †Miopyrgomorpha Kevan, 1964
 Schulthessiini Kevan, & Akbar, 1964
 Buyssoniella Bolívar, 1905
 Schulthessia Bolívar, 1905
 Sphenariini Bolívar, 1884
 Mekongianina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
 Mekongiana Uvarov, 1940
 Mekongiella Kevan, 1966
 Yunnanites Uvarov, 1925
 Rubelliina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
 Rubellia Stål, 1875
 Sphenariina Bolívar, 1884
 Jaragua Perez-Gelabert, Dominici & Hierro, 1995
 Prosphena Bolívar, 1884
 Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842
 Sphenexiina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
 Sphenexia Karsch, 1896
 Xenephias Kevan, 1973
 Tagastini Bolívar, 1905
 Annandalea Bolívar, 1905
 Tagasta Bolívar, 1905
 Taphronotini Bolívar, 1904
 Aularchina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
 Aularches Stål, 1873
 Taphronotina Bolívar, 1904
 Taphronota Stål, 1873
 tribu indeterminada
 Eilenbergia Mason, 1979
 Megalopyrga Baccetti, 1985
 Paramekongiella Huang, 1990
 Xiphipyrgus Kevan, 1982

Referencias

 Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874 : Systematik der Orthoptera und die Recensio orthopterorum von C. Stâl. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, vol. 24, 225-230.

Enlaces externos
 Pyrgomorphoidea en TolWeb

Familias de insectos
Caelifera

Pyrgomorphoidea


Normanska invazija na Wales uslijedila je malo poslije normanskog osvajanja Engleske pod Vilimom Osvajačem, koji je smatrao da je Engleska njegova po pravu rođenja. Vilim nije namjeravao pored Engleske osvojiti Wales. Velški napadi pod vodstvom kralja Gruffudda ap Llywelyna, ujedinitelja Walesa, protiv Normana u Engleskoj, koji su započeli godinu prije normanske invazije 1066., izazvali su Vilima. U početku (1067. – 1081.) invazija na Wales nije poduzeta sa žestinom i radi invazije na Englesku. Ipai, snažnija normanska invazija počela je 1081. i do 1094. većina Walesa bila je pod nadzorom Vilimova najstarijeg sina, kralja Vilima II. Velšani su mnogo mrzili "milosrdno okrutne" Normane i do 1101. vratili su nadzor nad većim dijelom svoje zemlje, a pod dugim kraljevanjem kralja Gruffudda ap Cynana, kojeg su Normani zatočili dvanaest godina prije nego što je pobjegao. Gruffuddu je neizravno pomogao norveški kralj Magnus III. Bosonogi koji je kratko napao Normane kod obala otoka Môna (eng. otok Anglesey) u sjeverozapadnom Walesu, blizu otoka Seiriola (eng. Puffin) ubivši pritom Huga Montgomeryjskog i ostavili decimirane i demoralizirane Normane. Magnus je potom pošao zauzeti Orkneye, Hebride, otok Man, otoke sjeverno od Walesa i zapadno i sjeverno od Škotske i Engleske, 1098. godine.

Pod Vilimovim četvrtim sinom, kraljem Henrikom I., Normani, sada već dobro etablirani u Engleskoj, odgovorili su prodorom zapadno u Wales. Ovog je puta i Velšane i Normane više zanimalo sklopiti mir nego voditi krvave bitke te se razvila relativno stabilna situacija, premda su Normani gore pršli u jugoistočnom Walesu nego na zapadu zemlje. Pat-situacija je potrajala od 1135. do 1154. pod kraljem Stjepanom, kraljem Engleza, Henrikovim nećakom i Vilimovim unukom po majčinskoj strani. Vilim se zapetljao u borbe za položaj i građanski rat ("Anarhija") s kraljicom Matildom, Henrikovom kćeri i jedinim preživjelim zakonitim djetetom.

Bibliografija

Povijest Walesa
Normani
Ratovi 11. stoljeća

Normanska invazija na Wales


Let It Bleed is the eighth British and tenth American studio album by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released 28 November 1969 on London Records in the United States and shortly thereafter by Decca Records in the United Kingdom. Released shortly after the band's 1969 American Tour, it is the follow-up to 1968's Beggars Banquet, and like that album is a return to the group's more blues-oriented approach that was prominent in the pre-Aftermath (1966) period of their career. Additional sounds on the album draw influence from gospel, country blues and country rock.

The album was recorded during a period of turmoil in the band; Brian Jones, the band's founder and original leader, had become increasingly unreliable in the studio due to heavy drug use, and during most recording sessions was either absent, or so incapacitated that he was unable to contribute meaningfully. He was fired in the midst of recording sessions for this album, and replaced by Mick Taylor. Jones died within a month of being fired (at the age of 27), he appeared on this album on only two songs, playing backing instruments.

Taylor had been hired after principal recording was complete on many of the tracks, and appears on two songs, having recorded some guitar overdubs. Keith Richards was the band's sole guitarist during most of the recording sessions, being responsible for nearly all of the rhythm and lead parts. The other Stones members (vocalist Mick Jagger, bassist Bill Wyman, and drummer Charlie Watts) appear on nearly every track, with contributions by percussionist Jimmy Miller (who also produced the album), keyboardists Nicky Hopkins and Ian Stewart (himself a former member of the band), and guest musicians including Ry Cooder.

The album charted top ten in several markets, including reaching number one in the UK and number three in the US. While no high-charting singles were released from the album, many of the album's songs became staples of Rolling Stones live shows and on rock radio stations, including "Gimme Shelter" and "You Can't Always Get What You Want", both of which frequently appear on lists of the greatest songs ever. The album was voted number 40 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums 3rd edition (2000). In 2005, the album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and is on Rolling Stone magazine's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.

Recording
Although the Rolling Stones had begun the recording of "You Can't Always Get What You Want" in November 1968, before Beggars Banquet had been released, recording for Let It Bleed began in earnest in February 1969 and continued sporadically until early November. Brian Jones, the band's original leader and founder, had, over the course of the recording of the previous two albums, become increasingly detached from the group. Though present in the studio, he was frequently too intoxicated to contribute meaningfully, and after a motorcycle accident in May 1969, missed several recording sessions whilst recovering. Always a talented multi-instrumentalist, Jones had previously contributed extensively on guitar, forming an integral part of the dual-guitar sound that was central to the band's chemistry. He was fired from the band during the recording of Let It Bleed, having performed on only two tracks: playing autoharp on "You Got the Silver", and percussion on "Midnight Rambler". A month after being fired, Jones was found at the bottom of his swimming pool at his home. The coroner's report stated this was a drowning, later revised to "death by misadventure".

As with the previous album, most of the guitar parts were recorded instead by the band's other guitarist, Keith Richards, during the period of principal recording. Jones's replacement, Mick Taylor, appears on just two tracks, "Country Honk" and "Live with Me", having contributed some overdubs during the May 1969 London Olympic Studios recording sessions. He also appears on "Honky Tonk Women", a stand-alone single recorded during the Let It Bleed sessions.

Richards sang his first solo lead vocal on a Rolling Stones recording with "You Got the Silver", having previously sung harmony and background vocals with primary vocalist Mick Jagger on "Connection" and shared alternating lead vocals with Jagger on parts of "Something Happened to Me Yesterday" and "Salt of the Earth". Additional vocals were provided by the London Bach Choir, who sang on "You Can't Always Get What You Want". The choir distanced themselves from their contribution, however, citing what author Stephen Davis terms its "relentless drug ambience". Bassist Bill Wyman appears on every track except for two, on which Richards played bass. Drummer Charlie Watts performed on all of the tracks except for "You Can't Always Get What You Want"; he struggled to attain the sought-after rhythm, so producer Jimmy Miller filled in for him instead.

Let It Bleed was originally scheduled for release in July 1969. Although "Honky Tonk Women" was released as a single that month, the album itself was delayed and eventually released in December 1969, after the band's US tour had completed. The majority of the album was recorded at Olympic Studios in London, with further work taking place at Elektra Sound Recorders Studios in Los Angeles, California, while the Stones prepared for the tour. The Los Angeles-recorded portions included overdubs by guest musicians Merry Clayton (on "Gimme Shelter"), Byron Berline (on "Country Honk"), and Bobby Keys and Leon Russell (on "Live with Me").

Musical style
As with Beggars Banquet the previous year, the album marks a return to the group's more blues-based approach that was prominent in the pre-Aftermath period of their career. The main inspiration during this string of albums was American roots music and Let It Bleed is no exception, drawing heavily from gospel (evident in "Gimme Shelter" and "You Can't Always Get What You Want"), Hank Williams and Jimmie Rodgers ("Country Honk"), Chicago blues ("Midnight Rambler"), as well as country blues ("You Got the Silver", "Love in Vain") and country rock ("Let It Bleed").

Don Heckman, writing in The New York Times, felt that Let It Bleed was a "heavy" and "passionately erotic" album of hard rock and blues, influenced by African-American music. Richie Unterberger, writing for AllMusic, said it "extends the rock and blues feel of Beggars Banquet into slightly harder-rocking, more demonically sexual territory". Mojo magazine's James McNair felt the record had an emphasis on "earthy" country blues.

Through their experimentation during the mid-1960s, the band had developed an eclectic approach to arrangements. Slide guitar playing is prominent (played entirely by Richards, except "Country Honk", which was performed by Taylor), and is featured on all songs except "Gimme Shelter", "Live with Me" and "You Can't Always Get What You Want", giving the album an authentic blues feel throughout. In addition, an array of session musicians embellish the songs with various instruments. Alongside the piano performances (Ian Stewart, Nicky Hopkins), the record included fiddle (Byron Berline), mandolin (Ry Cooder), organ and French horn (Al Kooper), as well as vibes (Wyman) and autoharp (Wyman and Jones). Of more importance, however, was the debut of both renowned saxophonist Bobby Keys on "Live with Me", a musician who was integral at giving the group's arrangements a soul/jazz background, and Taylor, who took on lead guitar duties with technically proficient playing, giving the band a harder rock sound during the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Lyrics

Jann Wenner, in a 1995 Rolling Stone interview with Jagger, describes the album's songs as "disturbing" and the scenery as "ugly". When asked if the Vietnam War played a role in the album's worldview, Jagger said: "I think so. Even though I was living in America only part time, I was influenced. All those images were on television. Plus, the spill out onto campuses".

Packaging
Jagger asked artist M. C. Escher to design a cover for the album, but he declined. Robert Brownjohn then designed the cover, which displays a surreal sculpture. The image consists of the Let It Bleed record being played by the tone-arm of an antique phonograph, and a record-changer spindle supporting several items stacked on a plate in place of a stack of records: a film canister labelled Stones – Let It Bleed, a clock dial, a pizza, a bicycle tyre and a cake with elaborate icing topped by figurines representing the band. The cake parts of the construction were prepared by then-unknown cookery writer Delia Smith. The reverse of the LP sleeve shows the same "record-stack" melange in a state of disarray. The artwork was inspired by the working title of the album, which was Automatic Changer.

The album cover was among the ten chosen by the Royal Mail for a set of "Classic Album Cover" postage stamps issued in January 2010.

Release and reception

Released in November, Let It Bleed reached number 1 in the UK (temporarily demoting the Beatles' Abbey Road) and number 3 on the Billboard Top LPs chart in the US, where it eventually went 2× platinum. In a contemporary review for Rolling Stone magazine, music critic Greil Marcus said that the middle of the album has "great" songs, but "Gimme Shelter" and "You Can't Always Get What You Want" "seem to matter most" because they "both reach for reality and end up confronting it, almost mastering what's real, or what reality will feel like as the years fade in." Robert Christgau named it the fourth-best album of 1969 in his ballot for Jazz & Pop magazine's annual critics poll. In later commentaries, he has said the album "still speak[s] to me with startling fullness and authority", with the quality of the "playing" alone "fantastic", and that despite some "duff moments" on side two, every song "stands up".

Let It Bleed was the Stones' last album to be released in an official mono version, which is rare and highly sought-after today. This mono version is merely a 'fold-down' of the stereo version. Nevertheless, it was included in the 2016 box-set The Rolling Stones in Mono. The album was released in US as an LP record, reel-to-reel tape, audio cassette and 8-track cartridge in 1969, and as a remastered CD and chrome cassette tape in 1986. In August 2002, it was reissued in a remastered CD and SACD digipak by ABKCO Records, and once more in 2010 by Universal Music Enterprises in a Japanese only SHM-SACD version.

In a retrospective review, NME magazine said that the album "tugs and teases" in various musical directions and called it "a classic". In his 2001 Stones biography, Stephen Davis said of the album "No rock record, before or since, has ever so completely captured the sense of palpable dread that hung over its era." In a five-star review for Rolling Stone in 2004, Gavin Edwards praised Richards' guitar playing throughout the album, and stated: "Whether it was spiritual, menstrual or visceral, the Stones made sure you went home covered in blood." Jason McNeil of PopMatters wrote that Beggars Banquet and Let It Bleed are "the two greatest albums the band's (or anyone's) ever made". In Steven Van Zandt's opinion, Let It Bleed was one in the Stones' series of four studio LPs—including Beggars Banquet (1968), Sticky Fingers (1971) and Exile on Main St. (1972)—that was "the greatest run of albums in history".

According to Acclaimed Music, it is the 42nd-most-celebrated album in popular music history.

The album was included in a "Basic Record Library" of 1950s and 1960s recordings, published in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981). In 2000, Q magazine ranked it at number 28 in its list of "The 100 Greatest British Albums Ever". In 2001, the TV network VH1 placed Let It Bleed at 24th on their "100 Greatest Albums of R 'n' R" survey. In 1997, it was voted the 27th-best album ever by The Guardian. In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked it at number 32 on the magazine's list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time." It maintained the rating in a 2012 revised list, and was ranked at number 41 in a 2020 revised list. It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2005.

Track listing
The track listing on the back of the album jacket did not follow the one on the album itself. According to Brownjohn, he altered it purely for visual reasons; the correct order was shown on the record's label. Additionally, "Gimme Shelter" is rendered as "Gimmie Shelter" on the jacket. Some releases have "Gimmie Shelter" on the cover, the inner sleeve and the LP label.

Personnel

Track numbers noted in parentheses below are based on the CD track numbering.

The Rolling Stones
Mick Jagger – lead vocals , backing vocals , harmonica , acoustic guitar
Keith Richards – electric guitar , acoustic guitar , slide guitar , backing vocals , bass guitar , lead vocals
Brian Jones – congas , autoharp
Bill Wyman – bass guitar , autoharp , vibraphone
Charlie Watts – drums
Mick Taylor – slide guitar , electric guitar

Additional personnel
Ian Stewart – piano
Nicky Hopkins – piano , organ
Byron Berline – fiddle
Merry Clayton – vocals
Ry Cooder – mandolin
Bobby Keys – tenor saxophone
Jimmy Miller – percussion , drums , tambourine
Leon Russell – piano and horn arrangement
Jack Nitzsche – choral arrangements
Al Kooper – piano, French horn and organ
Merry Clayton – backing vocals
Nanette Workman – backing vocals  (credited as Nanette Newman on the LP)
Doris Troy – backing vocals
Madeline Bell – backing vocals
Rocky Dijon – percussion
The London Bach Choir – vocals

Charts

Certifications

References

External links

The Rolling Stones albums
1969 albums
Decca Records albums
London Records albums
Albums produced by Jimmy Miller
Albums recorded at Olympic Sound Studios
Albums recorded at Sunset Sound Recorders
ABKCO Records albums
Country rock albums by English artists

Let It Bleed


Pueblo de Ávila de 35 habitantes situado a 39 km de la capital y anexo de la localidad de Gallegos de Sobrinos, en la provincia de Ávila (Castilla y León). Pasa cercano al pueblo el río Navazamplón.

Población

Se sitúa en 35 personas en invierno y algo más de 100 en verano. Pese a la despoblación tan evidente de la zona, sigue siendo el pueblo con más habitantes del eje que marca la carretera AV-P-632 entre Gallegos de Sobrinos y Ortigosa de Rioalmar

Ayuntamiento

Blascojimeno pertenece al ayuntamiento de Gallegos de Sobrinos y es gobernado por Melchora Sánchez López (PP), residente además en Blascojimeno. Curiosamente la mayoría de los alcaldes de la democracia han sido de Blascojimeno y no de Gallegos de Sobrinos.

Servicios

Sanitario

El médico acude al consultorio médico los martes. Consultorio de Atención Primaria en Gallegos de Sobrinos los lunes, miércoles y viernes. Las urgencias están en Muñico, a 8km.

Transportes
Por carretera desde Gallegos de Sobrinos por la carretera provincial AV-P-632.

Cuenta con el servicio de Transporte a la Demanda que se utiliza para al módico precio de 50 céntimos acercar a los vecinos a los Centros de Salud correspondientes y a los hospitales de referencia, pero lógicamente también permite los desplazamientos entre localidades para otros fines.

También se dispone de una línea de autobús que pasa por Gallegos de Sobrinos, a 1 kilómetro de Blascojimeno. La línea hace el recorrido Ávila - Cabezas del Villar - Narrillos del Álamo.

Telecomunicaciones

Hay servicio diario de correos, así como red móvil de Movistar y Yoigo en la mayor parte del pueblo.

Alimentación

Al no disponer de grandes tiendas o supermercados, los vendedores de todo tipo pasan por el pueblo durante toda la semana, lo que garantiza el suministro. Persiste la "Tienda de Mili".

Educación y cultura

Desde 1973, no hay colegio en Blascojimeno, aunque pertenece al C.R.A. La Sierra de Cillán disponiendo de Ruta Escolar.

En cuanto a bibliotecas, se puede utilizar el servicio de Bibliobús en Mirueña de los Infanzones, Cabezas del Villar o Muñico.

Ocio y restauración

Al ser una zona poco poblada las posibilidades de ocio se sitúan a pocos minutos pero fuera de la localidad. Durante el invierno los habitantes se desplazan a Ávila o a Peñaranda de Bracamonte aunque durante el verano es difícil aburrirse ya que entre fiestas propias y de pueblos cercanos el calendario queda prácticamente cubierto.

Dispone de un local de pensionistas llamado "Asociación de mayores Virgen del Espino" que se sitúa en la antigua escuela.

Otros servicios

El suministro de agua se recibe del Pantano de Gamonal situado en Gamonal de la Sierra (anejo de Hurtumpascual)

Historia

El nombre del pueblo viene de un caballero abulense que protegió Ávila y fue asesinado por el rey Alfonso I de Aragón en el año 1111. Tras matar las tropas aragonesas a varios caballeros abulenses en el llamado episodio de Las Hervencias de Ávila, Blasco Jimeno retó al rey aragonés en nombre de los abulenses en compañía de Lope Núñez, su sobrino y escudero. Alfonso I no aceptó el reto y mandó a sus tropas acabar con la vida de Blasco Jimeno en el lugar donde hoy se encuentra la "Cruz del reto", en Cantiveros. Fue por ello por lo que se conoce hoy a Blascojimeno con su nombre y a Gallegos de Sobrinos con el suyo (por, Lope Núñez, el sobrino de Blasco Jimeno).

En 1919, Fernando López Martín escribió su obra teatral "Blasco Jimeno. Leyenda dramática" en la que narra este episodio.

En las proximidades de Blascojimeno hay un torreón (también llamado "Torre de los moros"), posiblemente de época medieval. A unos 500 metros, hay otro torreón similar dentro de la "Dehesa de Sobrinos", propiedad de los Condes de Murillo, (recientemente aparecido en la revista Vanitatis por haber sido el lugar elegido por Esperanza Aguirre y la Infanta Elena para cazar. Ver http://www.vanitatis.com/noticias/2012/01/13/la-infanta-elena-y-esperanza-aguirre-se-van-juntas-de-caza-a-una-finca-abulense-17211/) por lo que no es posible su visita.

En la zona también existen restos de época vetona y celta, como lo son presumiblemente las tumbas funerarias que forman parte de la entrada a Castellanos, otra dehesa perteneciente a Gallegos de Sobrinos y un puente sobre el Río Navazamplón de la época de fundación del pueblo, a principios del siglo XII.

Disponía (hoy ya transformada en vivienda) de "La Parada", un local de grandes dimensiones que servía de auxiliar al Silo de Gallegos de Sobrinos.

Blascojimeno tenía el mejor comercio de la zona (el del "Tío Juan Julián") continuado más tarde por Horacio Díaz.

A mediados de los 80, bajo la alcaldía de Emiliano Sánchez Barroso, un empresario se interesó por el pueblo para realizar una gran residencia de mayores que al final fue rechazada por no conseguir vendedores suficientes del terreno.

Fue una localidad pionera en el cambio del nombre de calles tras la dictadura y su vía principal pasó de llamarse Avenida del Generalísimo a Calle Puerto del Pico poco después de finalizar el régimen de Franco.

Referencias

Localidades de la provincia de Ávila

Blascojimeno


الوناس قواوي (28 سبتمبر 1977 بمدينة تيزي وزو، الجزائر) هو حارس مرمى جزائري وهو من خريجي مدرسة فريق ذراع بن خدة بمنطقة القبائل الكبرى. كما أنه لعب لفرق جزائرية عريقة كشبيبة القبائل ووداد تلمسان واتحاد عنابة وجمعية الخروب وشباب قسنطينة وأولمبي الشلف وحاليا اتحاد البليدة. يعتبر حارس منتخب الجزائر لكرة القدم أحسن الحراس على المستوى العربي والإفريقي.

ثم غادر فريقه أولمبي الشلف متوجها إلى نادي اتحاد البليدة حيث اتفق مع رئيس اتحاد البليدة مع الحارس وامضى لمدة عامين.وتعتبر صفقة ضم قاواوي لإتحاد البليدة من بين أحسن الصفقات التي حققها المكتب المسير الحالي، الحارس لوناس قاواوي لم يشارك المونديال بسبب نقص لياقته البدنية وكبر سنه حيث تقدم في السن 32سنة

روابط خارجية

مراجع

حراس مرمى كرة قدم رجالية
جزائريون في القرن 21
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من تيزي وزو
حراس مرمى جزائريون
قبائليون
لاعبو أولمبي الشلف
لاعبو اتحاد البليدة
لاعبو اتحاد عنابة
لاعبو الرابطة الجزائرية المحترفة الأولى لكرة القدم
لاعبو شباب قسنطينة
لاعبو شبيبة القبائل
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 2002
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 2004
لاعبو كأس العالم 2010
لاعبو كرة قدم جزائريون
لاعبو كرة قدم من تيزي وزو
لاعبو منتخب الجزائر في كأس العالم 2010
لاعبو منتخب الجزائر لكرة القدم
لاعبو وداد تلمسان
مواليد 1397 هـ
مواليد 1977
مواليد في تيزي وزو
لاعبو كرة قدم رجال جزائريون

الوناس قواوي


Fusea este un nume propriu românesc, care se poate referi la,

Om politic
 Cristache Fusea (1820 - 1890), politician român din secolul al XIX-lea, membru fondator al Partidului Național Liberal din România, la 24 mai 1875.

Localitate
 Fusea, Dâmbovița

Nume proprii
Toponime românești

Fusea (dezambiguizare)


František Kmoch (1. kolovoza 1848. - 30. travnja 1912.), dirigent i skadatelj.

Život i karijera
František Kmoch rođen je u Zásmukyju kod Kolína u Češkoj. Otac mu je bio krojač i klarinetist koji je izvodio narodnu glazbu. František je već s 10 godina skladao manje komade.

Godine 1868. studirao je na Učiteljskom učilištu u Pragu, a već je godinu dana kasnije postao učitelj. Uz učiteljsko zanimanje nastavio se razvijati kao dirigent i skladatelj. Godine 1873. isključen je iz daljnjeg rada kao instruktor zbog navodnog zanemarivanja svojih dužnosti, ali nagađa se da je odluka bila politička budući da Kmoch nije skrivao svoje simpatije prema Sokolskom pokretu.

Godine 1868. postao je dirigent Sokolskog puhačkog orkestra u Kolínu . Tijekom Gimnastičkog festivala u Pragu 1873. njegov Orkestar nastupao je na ceremoniji otvaranja. Publika je srdačno prihvatila njihovu izvedbu od koje je veliki dio sadržavao Kmochov autorski dio.

Gradska glazbena organizacija u Kolínu također ga je odabrala za svog dirigenta te je odmah uz nju osnovao i glazbenu školu. Razni gradovi, uključujući Prag, pozvali su ga da postane dirigent svojih gradskih puhačkih orkestara, ali Kmoch je radije ostao u Kolínu. Sa svojim izvrsnim puhačkim orkestrom bio je na izletima u Beču, Budimpešti, Krakovu, pa čak i na tromjesečnom putovanju Rusijom . Umro je u Kolínu .

Stil
Kao odgovor na vojne koračnice Austro-Ugarskog carstva, napisao je koračnice koje su bile duboko ukorijenjene u češku tradiciju, folklor i narodnu glazbu. U njegovim koračnicama, trio je gotovo uvijek bio potpomognut tekstom koji je mnogo značio u izražavanju češke nacionalne svijesti.

U znak zahvalnosti, grad Kolín organizira Kmochův Kolín festival svake godine od 1961. godine, koji privlači istaknute puhačke orkestre iz cijele Europe među kojima su sudjelovali i hrvatski puhački orkestri. U gradskom parku Kolín stoji skulptura s likom Františeka Kmocha, a puhački orkestar u gradu i danas nosi njegovo ime.

Vanjske poveznice

 Kratka biografija
 Pečat
Češki dirigenti
Klasični skladatelji 20. stoljeća

František Kmoch


The Arkansas RiverBlades were a professional ice hockey team located in North Little Rock, Arkansas. The RiverBlades were an expansion franchise that entered the East Coast Hockey League for the 1999–2000 season. Their home games were played at the newly opened Alltel Arena.

The team logo was unveiled in February 1998 and the Canadian brothers Dave Berryman and Tim Berryman were granted a lease for Alltel Arena in March. The ECHL franchise was granted in May 1998. The team was originally named the "Arkansas RazorBlades" and adopted a razorback hog as its mascot. The University of Arkansas objected to the name and symbology and pressed the team to finally agree to a name change. In October 1998, a contest was held to establish a new name and "RiverBlades" was chosen. In May 1999, the team selected the slogan "Greatest Game on Ice". Little Rock's minor league baseball team, the Arkansas Travelers, objected to the slogan which is similar to their long standing "Greatest Game on Dirt" slogan.

The RiverBlades played their home opener on October 28, 1999, after moving the date due to construction delays at Alltel Arena. The RiverBlades competed with the cross-town Arkansas GlacierCats who were in their second season. The two teams played on the same nights in many cases and each developed their own fan following. The next year, the GlacierCats folded after only two seasons of play, unable to compete with the RiverBlades and their new arena.

In October 2001, the ECHL approved the sale of Dave Berryman's 51 percent stake of the team to Equity Broadcasting, which also owned the Arkansas Twisters arena football team. During the 2000–01 season, the team hosted the ECHL All-Star game at Alltel Arena.

In the summer of 2002, the Fayetteville Force, a Central Hockey League team out of North Carolina offered to switch franchises with Berryman who turned the offer down.

In early 2003, rumors began to circulate that the RiverBlades would not return for the 2003–04 season, but the company denied the rumors. In June 2003, Equity Broadcasting ended the lease with Alltel Arena and announced that it would attempt to sell the team.

In 2008, rumors began to circulate about a new season in 2010–11, however these rumors could neither be confirmed nor denied.  Additionally, with the December 8, 2008, filing of chapter 11 bankruptcy by Equity Media Holdings Corporation, this became unlikely.

Playoffs
1999–00: Did not qualify.
2000–01: Defeated Baton Rouge 2-0 in qualifying round; lost to South Carolina 3-1 in first round.
2001–02: Did not qualify.
2002–03: Lost to Louisiana 3-0 in first round.

References

Adapted from the article Arkansas RiverBlades, from Wikinfo, licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

Defunct ECHL teams
Sports in Little Rock, Arkansas
Equity Media Holdings
Defunct companies based in Arkansas
Defunct ice hockey teams in the United States
Ice hockey teams in Arkansas
1999 establishments in Arkansas
2003 disestablishments in Arkansas
Ice hockey clubs established in 1999
Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 2003

Arkansas RiverBlades


Gustave Maeder est un designer suisse reconnu pour le design de l'exposition du Pavillon du Québec à l'Exposition universelle de 1967 à Montréal.

Né à Genève le 6 août 1927, Maeder entamera des études au Collège Calvin qu'il sera contraint d'abandonner à la suite de l'éclatement de la Seconde Guerre mondiale quand son père qui occupait jusqu'alors un poste à la Société des Nations fut muté à Berne. Ne parlant pas l'allemand, le jeune Maeder qui démontrait déjà une certaine habileté en dessin, fut orienté vers le Technicum de Bienne où il obtint un diplôme en Arts industriels en 1945. D'abord intéressé par la peinture et sur les traces de son grand-oncle Henri Gervex, il mena une vie bohème entre Paris et la Provence avant de revenir s'établir en Suisse où il collabora à l'exposition du Pavillon des communications et transports de l'Exposition nationale suisse de 1964 y concevant, entre autres, une installation immersive avant-gardiste reproduisant l'atterrissage d'un avion de ligne sur un piste virtuelle.

Repéré par une équipe d'architectes canadiens venue à Lausanne en préparation de la prochaine Exposition universelle qui se tiendrait à Montréal en 1967, Maeder fut invité à y concevoir le design de l'exposition du Pavillon du Québec pour lequel il obtint une reconnaissance internationale. La modernité du design de l'exposition tranchaient alors avec l'image traditionnelle de cette province. Maeder contribua à faire du pavillon du Québec lui-même, un objet d'art à part entière. Il conçut et agença, entre autres, 4500 cubes d'acier émaillés de 2' (60cm) ouvert sur deux côtés. Ceux-ci étaient utilisés à la fois comme support d'informations ou étaient l'objet même des éléments d'expositions aux formes symboliques. C'est un Québec tourné vers l'avenir qui fut présenté aux visiteurs. De passage à Montréal pour l'Expo 67, la critique d'architecture du New York Times fit l'éloge du pavillon du Québec, le comparant au Pavillon de Barcelone :« Québec est le Pavillon de Barcelone de 1967... [Le  pavillon du Québec] combine une architecture contemporaine exceptionnellement raffinée avec un design d'exposition qui est une abstraction sensorielle tridimensionnelle visuelle et sonore qui dit, soudainement et étonnamment, ce qu'une exposition en 1967 devrait être ».

Maeder vit au Canada depuis 1965 où il dirigea un atelier de graphiste qui réalisa dès 1972, le système de signalisation de toutes les installations du Gouvernement du Québec, toujours en vigueur après 50 ans. Entre 1980 et 1994, il fut professeur associé au Département de communication graphique de l'Université Laval.

Vie personnelle
Randonneur avéré, Gustave Maeder parcouru le Sentier des Appalaches comme thru-hiker sur une distance de 3,500 km à l'âge de 72 ans et célébra son 90ème anniversaire au sommet du Mont Washington en compagnie de ses enfants et petits-enfants qui l'accompagnèrent lors de l'ascension.

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en août 1927
Naissance à Genève
Graphiste suisse
Designer suisse
Exposition nationale suisse
Designer québécois
Design au Québec
Personnalité liée à l'exposition universelle de 1967
1967 au Québec
Québec au XXe siècle
Professeur à l'Université Laval
Sentier des Appalaches

Gustave Maeder


F-type asteroids are a relatively uncommon type of carbonaceous asteroid, falling into the wider C-group.

Characteristics
F-type asteroids have spectra generally similar to those of the B-type asteroids, but
lack the "water" absorption feature around 3 μm indicative of hydrated minerals, and differ in the low wavelength part of the ultraviolet spectrum below 0.4 μm.

The F-type and B-type asteroids are not distinguishable with the criteria used in the SMASS classification, so in that scheme are grouped together under the B-type.

See also
Asteroid spectral types

References

Asteroid spectral classes

F-type asteroid


Hrvati u Crnoj Gori žive većinom u Boki kotorskoj, zaljevu u Crnoj Gori, gdje u nekoliko općina čine manjinu. U tri općine u Boki kotorskoj (Tivat, Kotor i Herceg Novi) 2011. je živjelo 4.519 Hrvata, odnosno 6,70% stanovništva tih triju općina. Ukupno je u cijeloj Crnoj Gori 2011. živjelo 6,021  Hrvata.

Poznati su i kao Bokelji, što je ujedno i zajednički naziv za sve stanovnike Boke kotorske. Tivat je dom manjinske političke stranke Hrvatska građanska inicijativa i Nacionalnog vijeća Hrvata u Crnoj Gori. U Kotoru je sjedište Hrvatskog građanskog društva Crne Gore.

Religija
Mnogi Hrvati u Crnoj gori sljedbenici su Rimokatoličke crkve. Kotorska biskupija dio je Splitsko-makarske nadbiskupije u Hrvatskoj i njezini su vjernici uglavnom Hrvati u Boki.

Najpoznatije bogomolje su:
 Gospa od Škrpjela
 Kotorska katedrala (Sveti Tripun)

Demografija
Iako su Hrvati nekad bili apsolutna većina u nekim naseljima, pa i u cijeloj općini Tivat, s vremenom su ti postoci sve manji, pa tako na popisu 2011. nije zabilježeno nijedno naselje s nadpolovičnom hrvatskom većinom, a u samo 2 naselja su Hrvati još uvijek relativna većina: u Bogdašićima i Donjoj Lastvi.

Naselja u Crnoj Gori sa značajnom hrvatskom manjinom (10% ili više), po popisu iz 2011., su:
 Bogdašići (27 ili 47,37%)
 Donja Lastva (315 ili 41,94%)
 Lepetani (53 ili 28,80%)
 Krašići (27 ili 20,77%)
 Muo (115 ili 18,58%)
 Bogišići (33 ili 17,93%)
 Tivat (1.622 ili 17,31%)
 Donji Stoliv (58 ili 16,67%)
 Prčanj (170 ili 15,04%)
 Kavač (93 ili 13,86%)
 Kotor (113 ili 11,76%)
 Škaljari (415 ili 10,90%)

Hrvatsko građansko društvo Crne Gore
Hrvatsko građansko društvo Crne Gore – Kotor je organizacija hrvatske zajednice u Crnoj Gori. Njihovo sjedište nalazi se u primorskom gradu Kotoru.

Znamenite osobe

 Luka Brajnović, sveučilišni profesor i novinar
 Tihomil Beritić, liječnik
 blažena Gracija Muo, augustinka i pustinjakinja
 Leopold Mandić, katolički svetac
 Vjenceslav Čižek, pjesnik
 Ilija Janjić, biskup
 Nikola Modruški, biskup modruški
 Božo Nikolić, pomorski kapetan i političar
 Josip Pečarić, matematičar
 Franjo Kunčer, motosport
 Andrija Maurović, autor stripa
 Marija Vučinović, političarka
 Viktor Vida, književnik
 Mirko Vičević, vaterpolist
 Predrag Vušović, glumac
 Milan Sijerković, meteorolozi
 Branko Sbutega, svećenik i književnik
 Ivan Brkanović, književnik
 Marta Batinović, crnogorska rukometašica
 Matea Pletikosić, crnogorska rukometašica
 Tomislav Crnković, hrvatski nogometaš

Povezani članci
 Odnosi Hrvatske i Crne Gore

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Hrvati u Crnoj Gori


Aza or AZA may refer to:

Places
Aza, Azerbaijan, a village and municipality
Azadkənd, Nakhchivan or Lower Aza, Azerbaijan
Aza, medieval name of Haza, Province of Burgos, Spain
Aźa, a Tibetan name for the Tuyuhun kingdom
Aza, a Hebrew romanization for Gaza City or Gaza Strip

People
Aza (given name)
Aza of Mannea, king, reigned c. 710–700 BC
Alejandro De Aza (born 1984), Dominican baseball outfielder
Vital Aza (1851–1912), Spanish author, playwright, poet and satirist

Other uses
Aza (Kanji: 字), a village or town section in the Japanese addressing system
Aza-, prefix used in chemistry to name compounds that contain a nitrogen atom
Azelanic acid, an organic acid used for medical treatment of acne and as whitening agent
Azacitidine ('AZA': drug and methylation inhibitor)
Aza (slang), Nigerian slang term that refers to bank account digits, specifically the account number.

Abbreviations or initialisms

 Association of Zoos and Aquariums (formerly named "American Zoo and Aquarium Association")
 Aleph Zadik Aleph, a Jewish youth group that is part of BBYO
 ISO 639-3 aza for Azha language, a language of China
 ICAO code for Alitalia, an Italian airline
 IATA code for Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport

See also
 Asa (disambiguation)

Aza


José Róbson do Nascimento (født 10. maj 1969) er en tidligere brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

José Róbson do Nascimento


Beşikdüzü, Trabzon iline bağlı bir ilçedir.

Tarihçe
Antik bir yerleşim olan Beşikdüzü, MS 1. yüzyılda yaşlı Plinius tarafından Liviopolis adında bir liman olarak anılmış, Osmanlı tahrir defterlerinde Livopoli, Evliya Çelebi tarafından ise Popoli adıyla bir subaşılık olarak kaydedilmiştir. Hodala bölgesinde (bugünkü Bayırköy Mahallesi) bulunan şapeller de yöre tarihi hakkında fikir vermektedir. Özhan Öztürk, Beşikdüzü yani antik Liviopolis'in önemli bir doğal liman olmakla kalmayıp, MÖ 400 yılında bölgeye gelen Ksenophon'un Anabasis adlı eserinde Kerasus olarak andığı yerleşim olduğunu iddia etmiştir. Yazara göre bugünkü Giresun kenti ise Kerasus ile ilişkili olmayıp Pharnakia'nın devamıdır.

Daha önceleri Vakfıkebir ilçesine bağlı bir bucak merkezi iken, 4 Ocak 1949'da belediye statüsü alarak beldeye dönüştü. Beşikdüzü, 04.07.1987 tarih ve 19507 sayılı Resmî Gazete'de yayımlanan kanun ile ilçe statüsüne kavuştu.

Nüfus

Ayrıca bakınız
 Beşikdüzü Festivali
 Beşikdüzüspor

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Beşikdüzü Kaymakamlığı
 Beşikdüzü Belediyesi
 Beşikdüzü İlçe Emniyet Müdürlüğü

Beşikdüzü


سبتمبر 2009 هو الشهر التاسع من عام 2009. بدأ الشهر يوم الثلاثاء، وانتهى يوم الأربعاء بعد 30 يومًا.

بوابة:أحداث جارية

2009 حسب اليوم
سبتمبر
شهور في عقد 2000

سبتمبر 2009


O Caso Pedrinho refere-se ao sequestro do bebê, Pedro Rosalino Braule Pinto, ocorrido em 21 de janeiro de 1986 no Hospital Santa Lúcia, na Asa Sul no Plano Piloto de Brasília do Distrito Federal.

História

Sequestro
Pedrinho, ou Pedro Rosalino Braule Pinto, nasceu no Hospital Santa Lúcia, em Brasilia, no dia 21 de janeiro de 1986. Sua mãe, Maria Auxiliadora Braule Pinto, recuperava-se do parto na maternidade do local, quando uma mulher vestida de enfermeira afirmou que levaria o bebê para realizar exames. Maria só veria seu filho novamente apenas 16 anos.

A falsa auxiliar médica era Vilma Martins Costa, uma empresária moradora de Goiânia. Fugindo com o bebê de apenas 13 horas de vida, ela o levou para sua casa, onde o criou até a adolescência. Pedro também teve seu nome alterado - depois do sequestro, passou a ser chamado de Osvaldo Martins Borges. Não apenas chamado, como também oficialmente registrado. Na casa de Vilma, estava também outra criança. Roberta Jamilly Martins Borges, nome dado pela mulher à Aparecida Fernanda Ribeiro da Silva, que também havia sido sequestrada há mais de 23 anos. Os dois foram criados como irmãos em Goiânia.

Investigação
O crime só foi descoberto porque Gabriela Azeredo Borges, neta do marido de Vilma, começou a desconfiar que Osvaldo era o recém-nascido sequestrado em Brasília. Isso porque ela viu a foto dele no site SOS Criança, órgão da Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Distrito Federal, e notou semelhanças com o neto do avô. A partir daí, continuou a investigar o caso pela internet.

Ao acessar o site Missing Kids, ela encontrou uma foto do pai biológico de Pedrinho e também o achou parecido com Osvaldo e, então, ligou para a instituição, em Brasília, em outubro de 2002. A polícia retomou as investigações do caso.

Vilma Martins foi condenada, em 2003, a 15 anos e nove meses de prisão por subtrair Pedro Rosalino, o Pedrinho, e Aparecida Fernanda Ribeiro da Silva, retirados de maternidades de Brasília e Goiânia em 1986 e 1979, respectivamente. Em agosto de 2008, depois de ter cumprido um terço da pena, obteve a liberdade condicional.

Ver também
 Lista de pessoas que desapareceram misteriosamente

Crimes no Brasil
Crimes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Crimes da década de 1980 no Brasil
Crimes na América do Sul em 1986
Crimes em Goiás
Crimes no Distrito Federal (Brasil)
Pedrinho
Casos de crianças sequestradas
Casos de sequestro no Brasil
1986 no Distrito Federal

Caso Pedrinho


An Paspalum peckii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Frederic Tracy Hubbard. An Paspalum peckii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Paspalum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Paspalum

Paspalum peckii


Der 1. German Grand Prix 2012 (GGP) war ein Turnier in der Billarddisziplin Karambolage-Dreiband und wurde vom 27.–29. April 2012 in Witten ausgetragen.

Kommentar
Es siegte der Lokalmatador und Titelverteidiger Ronny Lindemann. Lindemann stieg, aus beruflichen Gründen mit Einverständnis der Turnierleitung und der anderen Spieler, erst am Nachmittag des zweiten Spieltags in das Turnier ein. Deshalb qualifizierte er sich in der Gruppenphase nur als Zweiter für die Hauptrunde. Der Regensburger Roman Bachmeier bereitete Lindemann im Viertelfinale einige Probleme, verlor aber letztlich gegen den Wittener mit 19:25. Der für den BSG Duisburg spielende Dustin Jäschke, der Lindemann in der Gruppenphase noch hinter sich lassen konnte, hatte im Halbfinale das Nachsehen und verlor mit 13:25. Bei dieser Partie stellte Lindemann einen neuen Turnierrekord mit einem Generaldurchschnitt (GD) von 2,083 auf. Zugleich spielte er die Höchstserie (HS) des Turniers mit 10 Punkten. Mit dem Oberhausener Ramazan Durdu wartete, im Finale, einer der stärksten Gegner auf Nationalspieler Lindemann. Mit einem Punkt Vorsprung, also denkbar knapp, gewann Lindemann auch dieses Spiel 25:24. Gemeinsame Dritte wurden Dustin Jäschke und Sven Daske. Den besten Gesamtgeneraldurchschnitt des Turniers erzielte Ramazan Durdu mit 1,452.

Vorrunde

 Legende ErgebnissePkt. = PunkteBall = BälleAufn. = AufnahmenGD = GeneraldurchschnittBED = bester EinzeldurchschnittHS = Höchste Serie
 DistanzBall: 25Aufnahmen: 25Nachstoß: ja

Legende:
 xx = Einzug in die Hauptrunde

Hauptrunde

 Legende ErgebnissePk = PunkteBl = BälleAfn = AufnahmenED = EinzeldurchschnittHS = Höchste Serie
 DistanzBall: 25Aufnahmen: 25Nachstoß: ja

Folgeveranstaltungen

 2. German Grand Prix 2012: der vom 18.–20. Mai 2012 in Velbert stattfinden sollte wurde aufgrund zu geringer Einschreiben abgesagt. Unter anderem hatte der Weltmeister und Nationalspieler Christian Rudolph seine Teilnahme zugesagt.
 3. German Grand Prix 2012: der vom 15.–17. Juni 2012 in Bottrop stattfinden sollte wurde aufgrund zu geringer Einschreiben abgesagt. Deutschlands Nummer eins und Weltranglistenvierter Martin Horn hatte nach 2-jähriger Abstinenz seine Teilnahme zugesagt.
 4. German Grand Prix 2012: 13.–15. Juli 2012 in Gelsenkirchen (GT Buer).

Einzelnachweise

2012 1
Karambolageveranstaltung 2012
Sportveranstaltung im Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis
Sport (Witten)

German Grand Prix 2012/1


Franz Joseph Haydn (31 Mart 1732, Rohrau, Aşağı Avusturya - 31 Mayıs 1809, Viyana, Avusturya) Avusturyalı klasik müzik bestecisi. Hem Mozart'ı hem Beethoven'ı etkilemiştir. "Baba Haydn" olarak bilinir. En çok senfoni türündeki eserleriyle tanınır; bu türde 104 eser verdi. Kendisi gibi besteci olan Michael Haydn'ın ve tenor Johann Evangelist Haydn'ın ağabeyidir.

Profesyonel meslek hayatının büyük bir bölümünde zengin Macar Esterhazy Ailesi'nin himayesinde "baş müzisyen" olarak yaşadı. Orada kaldığı süre içerisinde birçok orkestra şefi olarak birçok konser ve opera idare etti. Diğer bestecilerden uzak ve münzevî bir yaşam sürmesi, dönemin müzikal akımlarından farklı, özgün eserler ortaya koyabilmesine yol açmıştır. Bu durumu şu sözleriyle ifade etmiştri: "Münzevî bir hayat sürdüm. Etrafımdaki hiç kimse, beni benim kadar şaşırtamaz ve hiç kimse bana benim kadar ıstırap veremez. İşte  bu yüzden farklı ve özgün olmak zorundaydım."

1797 yılında Kutsal Roma Kralı Franz II için bir beste hazırlamıştır. Yazmış olduğu besteden Avusturyalı Lorenz Leopold Haschka ilham alıp, Gott! erhalte Franz (Tanrı Franz'ı korusun) şiirini yazmıştır. Bu beste Habsburg monarşisi'nin 1918'deki yıkılışına kadar kullanılmış olup, 1. Cumhuriyet (1918 - 1919)'de de kullanılmıştır. 1841'de Alman şair August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben'in yazdığı Das Lied der Deutschen (Almanlar'ın Şarkısı)'nı bestelemiştir. 1922'de formu değiştirilerek sonradan Almanya'nın millî marşı haline gelmiştir.

Yaşamı

31 Mart 1732'de Aşağı Avusturya'nın Rohrau köyünde doğan Haydn, 12 çocuklu yoksul bir ailenin ikinci çocuğu olarak dünyaya geldi. Babası araba mekanikçisi Mathias Haydn ve karısı Maria Haydn. Her ne kadar ailesi müzik notası okumayı bilmese de, Haydn'in hatıratlarına göre hem ailesi hem de komşuları sık sık şarkı söylermiş. Müzikal yetenekleri daha küçükken fark edilmiş.

Ailesi onu, 6 yaşında iken bir koroya katılmak üzere Viyana'ya gönderdi. Orada Aziz Stefan Katedrali'indeki müzik yönetmeni Georg von Reutter tarafından fark edildi. Reutter Avusturya civarında çeşitli şehirleri gezerek Haydn gibi yetenekleri keşfediyordu. Sesi kalınlaştıktan sonra da Viyana'da kalarak müzisyenlik yapmaya devam etti, bestecilik dersleri aldı. 1761'de Esterházy ailesinin yanında iş buldu ve hayatının 30 yıldan fazlasını bu soylu aileye hizmet ederek geçirdi. İşi, onların istekleri ve ihtiyaçlarına uygun müzik bestelemekti. Diğer bestecilerden ve müzik çevrelerinden uzak oluşu, onun yaratıcılığını ortaya çıkardı, ününün yayılmasına ise engel olmadı. 1780'lerde besteleri tüm Avrupa'da çalınmaktaydı. Ününden ötürü çeşitli yerlere davet edilir ve davet edildiği şehirde ilk kez çalınmak üzere bir eser bestelemesi istenirdi. Bu şekilde yazdığı Paris Senfonileri ve Londra Senfonileri en çok bilinenleridir. Yaylı dörtlüleri için yazdığı eserlerde de kendinden öncekilerden farklı olarak her çalgıya eşit rol vererek yenilik getirmiş ve bu düşüncesiyle Mozart'ı etkileyerek Haydn'a adanmış altı kuartet bestelemesine neden olmuştur. Beethoven'ın ilk dönem eserlerinde de Haydn etkisi görülür. Haydn ve Mozart'ın 1781'de başlayan arkadaşlıkları yıllarca sürmüştür. Beethoven'a ise Esterhazy sarayında özel ders vermiştir.

100 kadar senfoni, çok sayıda konçerto, oda müziği eserleri, 40 sonat, şarkılar, oratoryolar bestelemiştir.

Haydn, Esterházy ailesinin müziksever üyesi Prens Nikalaus öldükten sonra emekli olmuş ve daha önce Viyana'ya kadar gitmesine bile izin verilmeyen ortamdan kurtulup seyahat özgürlüğüne kavuşmuştur. 2 defa İngiltere'ye giden Haydn, Oxford Üniversitesi'nden fahri doktor unvanını aldı; ömrünün son yıllarında ise Viyana'ya yerleşerek koro ve orkestra için Yaratılış Oratoryosu, Mevsimler Oratoryosu gibi dini koro ve orkestra eserleri besteledi. 31 Mayıs 1809'da Viyana'da öldü.

Eserlerinin hikâyeleri

Eserlerinin çoğunun hikâyesi vardır. Örneğin 45 numaralı senfonisi, Veda Senfonisi olarak bilinir. Eserin dördüncü bölümünde 2 ya da 3 müzisyen kendi bölümlerini bitirir ve müzik halâ devam ederken sahneyi terk eder; bu, sahnede şef ve tek bir kemancı kalana kadar sürer. Bu senfonide Haydn ve müzisyen arkadaşlarının kış mevsiminde şehirdeki ailelerinin yanına dönmek istediklerini Prens Esterházy'e anlatmak istedikleri hikâye edilir. Prens mesajı almış ve onlara izin vermiştir. Sürpriz Senfonisi denilen 94 numaralı senfonisini ise akşam yemeği sonrasındaki konserlerde dinleyicilerinin çoğunun uyuduğunu anladığında bestelediği söylenir. Haydn'ın çoğu senfonisi gibi canlı birinci bölümle başlayıp; yumuşak, yavaş tempolu ikinci bölümle devam eden senfoni, dinleyicilerin uykuya daldığı sırada davullar ve çok yüksek sesli telli çalgıların melodisi ile onları uyandırır.
"Kafka İle Konuşmalar" kitabında Franz Kafka, Haydn'ın beste yapmadan önce özel hazırlanmış pudralı bir peruk taktığından söz etmektedir.

Başlıca Yapıtları
Franz Joseph Haydn, hayatı boyunca 800'ün üzerinde besteye imza atmış, bunların yanında 450'nin üzerinde şarkının düzenlemesini yapmış klasik müzik tarihinin en verimli sanatçılarından biridir.

Oratoryoları
Die sieben letzten Worte unseres Erlösers am Kreuz - 1796
Die Schöpfung - 1798
Die Jahreszeiten - 1780

Operaları

 La Canterina-1766
 Eczacı (Lo speziale-1768
 Ayda Dünya (Il Mondo della Luna)-1779
 L'isola disabitata-1779
 La fedelta premiata-1780
 Armida-1783
 Lé Enessé-2010

Ayrıca bakınız
 Ünlü operalar listesi
 Opera bestecileri listesi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 IMSLP websitesi "Haydn,_Joseph" maddesi    (Erişme:21.10.2010)
  ChoralWiki websitesi "Franz_Joseph_Haydn" maddesi
 WIMA: Werner Icking Music Archive "Haydyn" maddesi   (Erişme:21.10.2010)

1732 doğumlular
Aşağı Avusturya doğumlular
18. yüzyılda Avusturyalılar
18. yüzyıl müzisyenleri
Avusturyalı besteciler
Avusturyalı opera bestecileri
Ulusal marş yazarları
Klasik dönem bestecileri
Roma Katolik besteciler ve müzisyenler
Avusturyalı masonlar
1809 yılında ölenler
Viyana'da ölenler

Joseph Haydn