جريدة المدينة صحيفة سعودية أسسها علي وعثمان حافظ سنة 1356 هـ الموافق 1937، تصدر باللغة العربية وتعتبر من أوائل الصحف السعودية والتي كانت تصدر من المدينة المنورة حتى تم نقل ادارتها بالكامل إلى مدينة جدة السعودية. و«المدينة» عضو في الهيئة الدولية للتحقيق من الانتشار الصحفي ويرأس تحريرها الدكتور فهد آل عقران. وكانت من أوائل الصحف السعودية التي تشهد تطويراً شمل جميع الاتجاهات: فعلى الصعيد الحرفي والمهني خضع جميع محرري الصحيفة وإدارييها إلى دورات مكثفة لتغير المفهوم الصحفي القديم بآخر حديث يواكب تطور الصحافة المقروءة التي يشهدها العالم.

وعلى صعيد الطباعة والإخراج أنشأت إدارة «المدينة» مطابع جديدة لتواكب طموحها للمنافسه على صدارة الصحف العربية.

ويرأس مجلس إدارتها الدكتور حيدر بن محمد بن لادن ويتولى منصب مديرها العام محمد علي ثفيد.

مؤسسي الجريدة
أسس جريدة المدينة المنورة الأستاذين علي حافظ وعثمان حافظ، وكان أول رئيس تحرير لها أمين مدني، وفي 19 من شهر ربيع الثاني من سنة 1356هـ تولى عثمان حافظ رئاسة تحرير الجريدة، وأصبح محررها المسؤول.

المسؤولون
 رئيس مجلس الإدارة: د. حيدر بن لادن.
 رئيس التحرير: فهد بن حسن آل عقران.
 نواب رئيس التحرير: محمد حسني محجوب -محمد علي الزهراني
 عبد الله عبد الرزاق العمري: رئيس تحرير مكلف.

أهمية الجريدة
بعد إنشاء دار العلم للطباعة والنشر ألغت الجريدة عطلتها الأسبوعية، وأصبحت تصدر طوال أيام الأسبوع بدءاً من 20/ 2/ 1402هـ حيث كانت أول جريدة أسبوعية سعودية تعمل على تجهيز أقسام التحرير بأجهزة تستقبل الصور المرسلة عبر الهاتف.، وتعتبر أول صحيفة سعودية تُدخل الصورة الفوتوغرافية في الصحافة السعودية؛ حيث صدر العدد الأول متوجاً بصورة الملك عبدالعزيز آل سعود.، ولقد كان للشعر أهمية خاصة لدى الجريدة حيث لا يخلو عدد من أعدادها من بعض القصائد الشعرية الوطنية، ولقد نشر الشاعر إبراهيم الجبهان في العدد 5 من جمادي الثانية سنة 1356هـ قصيدة وجهها إلى فلسطين، بعضاً منها:

انظر ايضاً
 المدينة المنورة
 جريدة عكاظ
 جريدة الجزيرة
 جريدة الرياض

وصلات خارجية
 موقع الجريدة الرسمي

مراجع

الإعلام في جدة
تأسيسات سنة 1937 في السعودية
صحف أسبوعية
صحف أسبوعية سعودية
صحف باللغة العربية
صحف سعودية
صحف يومية سعودية
منشورات أسست في 1937
صحف أسست في 1937

جريدة المدينة


Stenochlaenoideae,  potporodica papratnica, dio porodice Blechnaceae. Postoje 3 roda sa ukupno 12 vrsta.

Rodovi
 Salpichlaena Hook. (4 spp.)
 Telmatoblechnum Perrie, D. J. Ohlsen & Brownsey (2 spp.)
 Stenochlaena J. Sm. (6 spp.)

Izvori

Rebračevke

Stenochlaenoideae


L'épreuve masculine de Relais 4x7,5 km de biathlon aux Jeux olympiques de 2022 a lieu le  au Centre de ski nordique et de biathlon de Guyangshu. Lors d'une course pleine de rebondissements, les biathlètes du comité olympique russe font toute la course en tête, jusqu'au huitième et dernier tir où Eduard Latypov arrive avec plus de 50 secondes d'avance sur ses poursuivants. Mais l'exercice est particulièrement difficile pour lui, et il part faire deux tours de pénalité. La Norvège, au tréfonds du classement après le premier relais de Sturla Holm Lægreid parti tourner sur l'anneau de pénalité, revient dans la course grâce à son troisième homme, Johannes Thingnes Bø, le plus rapide sur la piste et qui ramène son équipe en course pour le podium. Quand Latypov craque, c'est Vetle Sjåstad Christiansen qui fait le plein et s'envole vers la victoire pour une cinquième médaille d'or norvégienne en biathlon à Pékin. Placée tout du long en lice pour le podium, la France (neuf pioches mais pas de pénalité) termine en argent avec Quentin Fillon Maillet pour conclure, qui remporte sa cinquième médaille en cinq courses, améliorant son record français aux Jeux d'hiver. Toutefois, il aurait pu jouer le titre s'il n'avait pas fait deux pioches lors de l'ultime passage devant les cibles, passant la ligne d'arrivée à 27 secondes du vainqueur. Le Comité olympique russe prend la médaille de bronze en raison de la défaillance de Latypov au dernier tir.

La Norvège remporte son troisième titre olympique en relais masculin (après 2002 et  2010), Johannes Bø gagne une troisième médaille d'or à Pékin, tandis que la France obtient son meilleur résultat dans cette épreuve puisqu'elle avait jusque là gagné trois médailles de bronze (en 1994, 2002  et  2006). Avec six médailles, elle établit à Pékin son record en biathlon aux Jeux d'hiver.

Médaillés

Résultats

L'épreuve commence à 14 heures 30 (7 h 30 h CET)

Notes et références

Biathlon aux Jeux olympiques de 2022
Relais en biathlon

Relais masculin de biathlon aux Jeux olympiques de 2022


الجزيرة البعيدة وكانت تسمى سابقا جزيرة أولاد التواتي وجزيرة أولاد المري نسبة إلى مؤسسيها من سكان بلدة المنشية، وتنعت بالبعيدة للتفريق بينها وبينها جزيرة الوحيشي التي تعتبر قريبة من القرية الأم المنشية. والجزيرة البعيدة هي إحدى قرى ولاية قبلي بالجنوب التونسي، وتتبع إداريا عمادة المنشية من معتمدية سوق الأحد.

قرى ولاية قبلي

الجزيرة البعيدة


Pjusant Kassabian (; * 12. Januar 1941, englische Transkription Pjuzant Kassabian) ist ein bulgarischer Badmintonspieler und -funktionär.

Karriere
Pjuzant Kassabian nahm 1989, 1991, 1993 und 1995 an den Badminton-Weltmeisterschaften teil. 1989 und 1991 startete er im Herrendoppel und wurde bei der ersten Teilnahme 33., bei der zweiten 65. 1993 und 1995 war er im Mixed am Start und belegte 1993 Platz 33 und 1995 Platz 65. Nach seiner aktiven Karriere wechselte er in den Funktionärsstab und avancierte zu einem der einflussreichsten Männer im Badminton auf dem Balkan.

Referenzen

Badmintonspieler (Bulgarien)
Badmintonfunktionär (Bulgarien)
Bulgare
Geboren 1941
Mann

Pjusant Kassabian


Hrvatski klizački savez je hrvatska krovna organizacija za umjetničko klizanje, sinkronizirano klizanje i brzo klizanje na kratkim stazama.

Medunarodni naziv za Savez je Croatian Skating Federation.

Osnovan je 28. listopada 1939. godine u Zagrebu.

Član je Međunarodnoga klizačkoga saveza (International Skating Union - ISU) od 25. siječnja 1992. godine.

Savez je jedan od rijetkih klizačkih saveza u svijetu koji ima čak pet međunarodnih natjecanja koja su u kalendaru Međunarodnog klizačkog saveza. To su Zlatna pirueta, Zlatni medvjed, Trofej Mladost i ISU Junior Grand Prix – Croatia Cup u umjetničkom klizanju te Trofej Zagrebačkih pahuljica u sinkroniziranom klizanju.

Umjetničko klizanje

Olimpijske igre

Pojedinačno
Najbolji rezultat je 10. mjesto Sande Dubravčić 1984.

Parovi
HKS još nije imao predstavnika.

Svjetsko prvenstvo

Pojedinačno
Najbolji rezultat je 9. mjesto Sande Dubravčić 1984.

Parovi
Sportski par: Lana Petranović/ Antonio Souza Kordeiru su ostvarili najbolji rezultat s 16. mjestom 2019.

Plesni par: Kamilla Szolnoki / Dejan Illes su ostvarili najbolji rezultat s 33. mjestom 2001.

Grand Prix Finale umjetničkog klizanja
nakon 2018.

Još se niti jedan natjecatelj (pojedinačno ili u paru) nije kvalificirao.

Europsko prvenstvo

Pojedinačno
italic - hrvatski klizači koji su medalje osvojili za Jugoslaviju

Parovi
Sportski par: Lana Petranović / Antonio Souza-Kordeiru su ostvarili najbolji rezultat s 8. mjestom 2019.

Plesni par: Kamilla Szolnoki / Dejan Illes su ostvarili najbolji rezultat s 28. mjestom 2001.

Grand Prix umjetničkog klizanja

Zlatna pirueta
nepotpuni podaci

Pobjednici na barem 1 natjecanju.

Svjetska ljestvica - najbolja pozicija
listopad 2018.

Napomena: Zbog nedostupnosti podataka, radi se o pozicijama na ljestvici na kraju sezone

* uzima u obzir rezultate ostvarene u tekućoj i dvije prijašnje sezone
** uzima u obzir samo rezultate ostvarene u tekućoj sezoni

Sinkronizirano klizanje

Svjetsko prvenstvo

Brzo klizanje

Olimpijske igre
Na dugim stazama najbolji rezultat je 31. mjesto Dubravke Vukušić 1984.

Na kratkim stazama Hrvatska još nije imala predstavnika.

Svjetsko prvenstvo

Kratke staze

Najbolji rezultat je 28. mjesto Martina Kolenca 2019., 500m i 1000m.

Svjetski kup
ISU World Cup

Najbolji rezultat je ulazak u četvrtfinale na 500m Ivan Martinića 2019.

Europsko prvenstvo

Europa kup finale

Nacionalni rekordi

Umjetničko & Sinkronizirano klizanje
pro 2017., izvor:

Nap: Nakon izmjene načina bodovanja 2003.

Nap: Svjetski rekord total score-a za plesni par iznosi preko 200.0, dok ostali iznose preko 220.0 bodova.

Brzo klizanje
2 - 1 - 2023

* Štafeta nije oblika "4x"; 4 klizača kliže proizvoljnu daljinu.

Ostalo
Prvo klizalište u Hrvatskoj uredio je zagrebački trgovac i športaš Ladislav Beluš. Njegovom zaslugom u Zagrebu je 24. prosinca 1874. utemeljen Klizački klub. U Hrvatskoj je prva površina s umjetnim ledom uređena na Šalati u Zagrebu 1961.

Umjetničko klizanje
Željka Čižmešija je na SP-u 1990. postala posljednji natjecatelj u umjetničkom klizanju koji je izveo compulsory figures na službenom međunarodnom natjecanju.

Prvi nastup na OI u umjetničkom klizanju bio je nastup Sande Dubravčić 1980. godine. Četiri godine kasnije na OI u Sarajevu ona je upalila olimpijski plamen. Prvi nastup na OI u muškoj konkurenciji umjetničkog klizanja bio je nastup Miljana Begovića 1984.

Kamilla Szolnoki / Dejan Illes su prvi plesni par koji je nastupio na SP-u (2001.) i EP-u (2001.). Amy Ireland / Michael Bahoric su prvi sportski par koji je nastupio na SP-u (2008.) i EP-u (2008.).

Sanda Dubravčić je jedini natjecatelj u umjetničkom klizanju iz Hrvatske koji ima plasmane u prvih 10 na OI, SP i EP-u.

Najviše nastupa na OI imaju Željka Čižmešija, Sanda Dubravčić, Idora Hegel (2) i Miljan Begović, Tomislav Čižmešija (1).

Mlađe kategorije na svjetskim natjecanjima
nakon 2017.

Brzo klizanje
Prvi nastup na OI u brzom klizanju bio je 1984., nastupi Dubravke Vukušić i Nenada Žvanuta.

Brzo klizanje na kratke staze
Nastup Valentine Aščić u B finalu (ukupno 14.) na EP 2021. prvi je plasman jednog hrvatskog reprezentativca u finalnu utrku na nekom velikom prvenstvu.

Nastup Martina Kolenca u polufinalu na SP 2021. bio je prvi nastup Hrvatske u polufinalu svjetskog prvenstva.

Prvi nastup na OI bio je Valentine Aščić 2022. U konkurenciji za odlazak s podjednakim zaslugama bila je i Katarina Burić, ali kako je ostvarena samo jedna ženska kvota savez se odlučio za prvu.

Mlađe kategorije na svjetskim natjecanjima
nakon 2017.

+N - je samalog poredak u brzom klizanju / bodovni poredak u klizanju na kratke staze / ukupni poredak u Svjetskom kupu na kraju sezone

Vidi još
 Zagrebačke pahuljice
 Popis objekata za športove na ledu u Hrvatskoj

Međunarodna natjecanja u Hrvatskoj
 ISU Junior Grand Prix – Croatia (engl.)
 Trofej Mladosti (engl.)
 Trofej Zagrebačkih pahuljica (engl.)
 Zlatna pirueta - najstarije natjecanje u umjetničkom klizanju na svijetu
 Zlatni medvjed (od 1989.), Zagreb (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
Službena stranica saveza
Baze podataka
SchaatsStatistieken
SpeedSkatingResults
SpeedSkatingBase
ISU kratke staze - rezultati
ShortTrackOnline
ShortTrackLive

Izvori

Klizanje
Umjetničko klizanje u Hrvatskoj
Brzo klizanje u Hrvatskoj

Hrvatski klizački savez


Natura 2000-område nr.   120 Skove og søer syd for Brahetrolleborg ligger på den sydvestlige del af Fyn, nordøst for Fåborg   og har et areal på  2.575 hektar som er privatejet. Området ligger i  Faaborg-Midtfyn og Svendborg Kommuner.

Områdebeskrivelse

Området er en del af det centralfynske dødislandskab  og består af  godset Brahetrolleborgs udstrakte skove, der  drives intensivt med en stor del nåleskov. Markant i området er de to store søer Brændegård Sø og Nørresø. Nordvest for Brændegård Sø ligger Nybo Mose, der er den ene af Fyns i alt 2 aktive højmoser. Der
findes mange mindre søer og vandløb, bl.a. Silke Å  der løbere i den vestlige del af området, samt  enkelte kalkoverdrev og rigkær.

Området har et  rigt fugleliv med bl.a. ynglende skarv, havørn, hvepsevåge og fjordterne.
Skarvkolonien i Brændegård Sø/Nørresø har været en af Nordeuropas største. Brændegård Sø er en vigtig rasteplads for skeand.

Natura 2000-området består af Habitatområde  nr. H 104 og
Fuglebeskyttelsesområde nr. F 74
ligger i    Nyborg Kommune i Vandområdedistrikt Jylland og Fyn det meste  hovedvandopland    Vandplan 1.13 Odense Fjord og lille del mod syd i  Vandplan 1.15 Det Sydfynske Øhav

Naturfredning
Søerne Brændegård Sø og Nørresø og deres omgivelser, i alt 532 hektar blev   fredet fredet i 1986

Se også
Internationale naturbeskyttelsesområder i Danmark
 Naturtyper i Danmark

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

 Kort over området på miljoegis.mim.dk
 Naturplanen
 Basisanalysen 2016-21
Natura 2000-planer
EU-habitatområder i Danmark
Fuglebeskyttelsesområder i Danmark
Fredede arealer i Danmark
Lokaliteter i Faaborg-Midtfyn Kommune
Lokaliteter i Svendborg Kommune


El Torneo Súper 8 2011 fue la séptima edición del Torneo Súper 8 y se disputó, por tercera vez, en la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina, del 23 al 26 de noviembre de 2011.

Todos los partidos fueron disputados en el Polideportivo Islas Malvinas.

Clasificación

Para determinar los ocho equipos participantes del torneo, siete equipos clasificaron acorde a su récord en la primera etapa de la liga, de modo tal que el Súper 8 reunió a los 3 primeros de la Zona Norte (Regatas de Corrientes, Libertad de Sunchales y Quimsa de Santiago del Estero), los 3 primeros de la Zona Sur (Obras Sanitarias, Estudiantes de Bahía Blanca y Peñarol de Mar del Plata), y al mejor 4° de las dos zonas (Lanús). A ellos se les sumó un equipo invitado por la organización, como es costumbre en este torneo. Como equipo invitado fue designado Quilmes de Mar del Plata, pero la dirigencia de tal club decidió que su equipo no participe del certamen, por lo que el invitado fue Boca Juniors.

Desarrollo del torneo

 Cuartos de final

 Semifinales

 Final

Plantel Campeón
El plantel campeón estuvo integrado por los siguientes jugadores:

  Facundo Campazzo (Elegido por la organización como MVP del certamen)
  Mariano Castets
  Selem Safar
  Derrick Roland
  Andrés Nocioni
  Marcos Mata
  Leonardo Gutiérrez
  Pablo Barrios
  Martín Leiva

Referencias

Torneo Súper 8
Baloncesto en 2011
Deporte en Argentina en 2011
Deporte en Mar del Plata

Torneo Súper 8 2011


Matthew Owen John Taylor, Baron Taylor of Goss Moor (born 3 January 1963) is a British politician who has been a life peer in the House of Lords since 2010. A member of the Liberal Democrats, he previously served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Truro and St Austell (Truro, 1987–1997) in Cornwall from 1987 until he stood down at the 2010 general election. He was granted a life peerage and so became a member of the House of Lords on 16 July 2010.

Since 2007, Taylor has worked at a national level with successive governments on reforming national planning policy to support more sustainable forms of development and improved community engagement in placemaking. He is best known for his work in support of rural communities including developing neighbourhood planning policy, as well as creating the Government's "Garden Communities" policies for 21st-century sustainable new communities and neighbourhoods.

Early life
Matthew Taylor is the adopted son of Kenneth Taylor, a television script writer best known for several of the BBC's classic drama series, including a number of Jane Austen adaptions, as well as ITV's The Jewel in the Crown and Channel Four's The Camomile Lawn.

In 2008, he traced his birth mother Margaret Harris, daughter of New Zealand businessman Sir Jack Harris, and learnt that his great-grandfather had been another Liberal MP, Sir Percy Harris who served as Liberal Chief Whip from 1935 to 1945, and Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party from 1940 to 1945.

Education
Taylor was educated first at St Paul's Primary School in Truro and then two independent schools: Treliske Preparatory School (now known as Truro School Prep) on Highertown (A390) in Truro, and University College School in Hampstead, north London, followed by winning a scholarship to Lady Margaret Hall at the University of Oxford where he read Philosophy, Politics and Economics.

Life and career
Politically active from a young age, Taylor campaigned for Liberal Party Deputy Leader and North Cornwall MP John Pardoe in the 1979 United Kingdom general election at the age of sixteen and joined the Cornwall anti-nuclear alliance a year later to campaign against a nuclear power station proposed to be built in the County. He involved himself in environmental and civil liberties campaigns whilst at sixth form. After winning a scholarship, he studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. At the end of his degree, he was elected as President of the Oxford University Student Union for the year 1985–86 on the Liberal/SDP Alliance ticket.

Member of Parliament

In 1986 he was employed by the Parliamentary Liberal Party as their Economic Policy Researcher and assigned to the then Truro MP David Penhaligon who was the Liberal Party's Treasury Spokesman and Deputy Leader. Penhaligon died in a car crash at the end of that year; Taylor was selected to run as the Liberal candidate in the subsequent by-election, which he won in early 1987. Three months later he retained the seat at the 1987 general election. Aged 24, he was the youngest sitting MP and took the title "Baby of the House" from fellow Alliance MP Charles Kennedy, holding the title for 10 years until 1997.

After the break-up of the SDP Liberal Alliance in 1987-8 and the new 'Social and Liberal Democratic Party' coming behind the Greens in the 1989 European Elections, Taylor was asked by the new Leader Paddy Ashdown to take on the leadership of Party Communications and relaunch and rebrand the Party. In the role 'Chairman of Communications' (1989–92) he put together and led a small group of outside experts to create the new Liberal Democrats brand and branding, including the new name and the Bird of Liberty logo. Taylor's role was expanded to a new role of 'Chairman of Campaigns and Communications' (1992–94).

From 1990 to 1994 Taylor was also the Party's Education Spokesman, authoring the Liberal Democrats' best-known policy position at that time, to commit to increase basic rate Income Tax for Education. He then moved to be Environment spokesman 1994-7, committing the party to a switch to environment taxes (specifically a carbon tax) mitigated by a cut in VAT. In this role he won the Green Magazine award for 'Most effective environmental MP' in 1996.

Taylor was Campaign Chairman to Charles Kennedy and with his leadership campaign in 1999 after Ashdown stepped down. He was to be made the Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson (1999–2003) by Kennedy, and announced the policy of raising the upper rate to 50% for people earning over £100,000. He was asked to lead the preparation of the 2001 General Election manifesto, which he co-authored with Professor Richard Grayson who was then Charles Kennedy's Director of Policy.

After being replaced in the Treasury role by Vince Cable MP in 2003, Taylor became Party Chairman. In this role he returned formally to his leading role in Party Campaigns and Communications, with responsibility for oversight of both the Parliamentary Party's Communications team and its Policy team, and was again tasked with writing the 2005 General Election manifesto. He was one of a small number of people in the immediate leadership team aware of and attempting to get Kennedy to address his increasing problems with alcohol, eventually giving Kennedy an ultimatum in the approach to the 2005 General Election that if he failed to address the issue he would have to stand down as leader.

After the 2005 election he re-stood for chair of the Liberal Democrats (a role elected by Liberal Democrat MPs) but lost to Paul Holmes by 36 votes to 23. According to a biography of Charles Kennedy, Holmes was seen as a "shop steward" of the backbenches, whereas Taylor was within the leader's inner circle.

Career after House of Commons
In 2006 he stood for the Deputy Leadership role in the Liberal Democrats and was defeated by Vince Cable by one vote. In 2007, he was approached by the new Prime Minister, Gordon Brown to conduct a Rural Economy Review. Taylor negotiated to extend the review to include housing, and to focus it on planning policy reforms. He published this Government Review as "Living Working Countryside' in summer 2008.

Taylor did not seek re-election to parliament in the 2010 General Election. After the 2010 General Election Taylor was appointed a life peerage in the 2010 Dissolution Honours and his title was gazetted as Baron Taylor of Goss Moor, of Truro in the County of Cornwall on 16 July 2010 and sits as a Liberal Democrat peer in the House of Lords.

In 2011–12 he was then asked by Planning Minister Greg Barker and his successor Nick Boles to lead the Government's review of all the planning practice guidance sitting and created a new National Planning Practice Guidance suite. In 2015 he developed his 'Garden Village' proposal, published by Policy Exchange, for enabling local authorities to support new sustainable mixed use communities to meet housing need.

Taylor was chair of the National Housing Federation from 2010 to 2016. He was also elected President of the National Association of Local Councils 2016–18 (representing England's Town and Parish Councils). Taylor has been made an Honorary Member of the RTPI, Visiting Professor of Planning at Plymouth University, and Senior Visiting Fellow at Cambridge University's School of Planning

Taylor was a Non-Executive Director of South West Water from 2010 to 2020. He is also Chairman of Kensa Group, a manufacturer and installer of Ground Sourced Heating systems.

Personal life
Taylor married Vicky Garner, a former director of pressure group Surfers Against Sewage, in 2007. The couple have three sons. They divorced in 2017.

References

External links
  Matthew Taylor MP Official site
 Matthew Taylor MP Profile at the site of Liberal Democrats

 TheyWorkForYou.com – Matthew Taylor MP
 The Public Whip – Matthew Taylor Voting record

1963 births
Living people
Liberal Democrats (UK) life peers
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
Liberal Democrats (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Truro
Alumni of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
People educated at University College School
British adoptees

Matthew Taylor, Baron Taylor of Goss Moor


USS Core (CVE-13), a  named for the Core Sound in North Carolina, was originally classified AVG-13, but was reclassified ACV-13, 20 August 1942; CVE-13, 15 July 1943; CVHE-13, 12 June 1955; CVU-13, 1 July 1958; and T-AKV-41, 7 May 1959.  She was launched 15 May 1942 by Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding of Tacoma, Washington, under a Maritime Commission contract; sponsored by Mrs. B. B. Smith, wife of Lieutenant Commander Smith; acquired by the Navy, 1 May 1942; and commissioned 10 December 1942, Captain M. R. Greer in command.

Service history
Clearing Puget Sound 6 February 1943, Core qualified pilots in carrier operations off San Diego, then sailed on to the east coast, arriving at Norfolk 11 April. She continued to train pilots in Chesapeake Bay until 27 June when she sortied as the nucleus of TG 21.12, a hunter-killer group. Such groups, providing cover for the movement of convoys, made a contribution of great significance to winning the Battle of the Atlantic, and the innovation represented by their formation was a marked advance in antisubmarine warfare. Planes from Core worked in coordination with accompanying destroyers scoring a number of successful attacks. Her planes sank  on 13 July 1943, at , and  on 16 July at . One of her escorts, , sank  on 23 July, at . Core returned to Norfolk 31 July from a most successful first patrol.

On Cores second hunter-killer patrol, from 16 August to 2 September 1943, her planes sank  on 24 August at , and  the same day at . Putting to sea again 5 October in TG 21.15, Cores planes sank  on 20 October at . She returned to Norfolk 19 November.

Following another hunter-killer patrol from 6 December 1943 to 18 January 1944, Core ferried 56 P-51s and other cargo to Liverpool from 6 February to 9 March. From 3 April to 29 May, she operated with TG 21.16 in the central and North Atlantic, then sailed from New York 24 June to ferry 85 Army aircraft to Glasgow, Scotland, returning to Norfolk 20 July. Returning to antisubmarine operations 8 August as CTG 22.4, Core conducted training exercises against newly revealed enemy submarine tactics off Bermuda until 8 October when she returned to Norfolk for an overhaul. After a period qualifying carrier pilots at Quonset Point, she sailed from Norfolk 24 January 1945 to lead her group against weather reporting submarines operating in the North Atlantic, but fog and rough weather prevented successful attacks. She sailed from Norfolk 3 April to join a large antisubmarine unit at Guantanamo Bay 7 April. Operating in the central and North Atlantic as part of Operation Teardrop, the escorts of this group combined to sink  on 24 April at , after the enemy submarine had torpedoed and sunk . Core returned to New York 11 May for repairs and replenishment.

Clearing Norfolk 13 June 1945, Core arrived at San Diego 25 June. She carried aircraft and aviation personnel to Pearl Harbor and to Samar, returning 30 August. Until 20 October, she sailed between Alameda and Seattle on transport duty then sailed for Yokosuka, Japan, on "Magic Carpet" duty, to return homeward-bound servicemen. She made two such voyages from 20 October 1945 to 18 January 1946. Core was placed out of commission in reserve 4 October 1946 at Port Angeles, Washington.

The ship was redesignated as a helicopter escort carrier (CVHE-13) 12 June 1955, a utility carrier (CVU-13) 1 July 1958 and finally an aviation transport (T-AKV-41) 7 May 1959.  On 11 December 1961, the USNS Core docked in the Saigon Port to unload 32 H-21 Shawnee helicopters and more than 400 U.S. soldiers from the 57th Transportation Company (Light Helicopter) from Fort Lewis, and the 8th Transportation Company (Light Helicopter) from Fort Bragg.

Core was stricken for disposal on 15 September 1970 and sold for scrap in 1971.

Awards
Core received one battle star for World War II service.

Sources

 JFK Day by Day by Terry Golway and Les Krantz (Running Press 2010)

References

Bogue-class escort carriers of the United States Navy
Ships built in Tacoma, Washington
1942 ships
World War II escort aircraft carriers of the United States

USS Core


Sydyemen (officielt Demokratiske Folkerepublik Yemen) var i perioden 1967–1990 en socialistisk stat på den Arabiske Halvø, omfattende de sydlige og østlige provinser af det nuværende Yemen, inklusive øen Socotra. Tidligere havde området været flere britiske protektorater. Sydyemens naboer var Nordyemen mod nordvest, Saudi-Arabien mod nord og Oman mod øst. Mod syd var Det Arabiske Hav. Syd- og Nordyemen blev forenet til Yemen i 1990.

Se også
 Yemens historie
 Yemens forening

Yemen
Forhenværende statssamfund under den kolde krig

Sydyemen


An Disa lugens in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Harry Bolus. An Disa lugens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Disa, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 D. l. lugens
 D. l. nigrescens

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Disa

Disa lugens


The Kyrenia Mountains (; ) is a long, narrow mountain range that runs for approximately  along the northern coast of the island of Cyprus. It is primarily made of hard crystalline limestone, with some marble. Its highest peak is Mount Selvili, at . Pentadaktylos (also spelt Pentadactylos; ; )  is another name for the Kyrenia Mountains, though Britannica refers to Pentadaktylos as the "western portion" of the latter, or the part west of Melounta. Pentadaktylos (lit. "five-fingered") is so-named after one of its most distinguishing features, a peak that resembles five fingers.

The Kyrenian mountains are named after the Kyrenian mountains in Achaia, Greece, which are well known from mythology because of the connection with one of the 12 labours of Hercules, the capture of the Kerynitis deer that lived there. This sacred deer of Artemis with golden horns and bronze legs ran so fast that no one could reach it. Hercules, however, after pursuing it for a whole year, managed to catch it and transport it alive to Mycenae.

A devastating fire in July 1995 burned large portions of the Kyrenia Mountains, resulting in the loss of significant forest land and natural habitat.

The only other mountain range in Cyprus is the Troodos Mountains.

Geology
These mountains are a series of sedimentary formations from the Permian to the Middle Miocene pushed up by a collision of the African and Eurasian plates. Though only half the height of the Troodos Mountains, the Kyrenia Mountains are rugged and rise abruptly from the Mesaoria plain.

History
The location of the mountains near the sea made them desirable locations for watch towers and castles overlooking the northern Cyprus coast, as well as the central plain. These castles generally date from the 10th through the 15th centuries, primarily constructed by the Byzantines and Lusignans. The castles of St. Hilarion, Buffavento, and Kantara sit astride peaks and were of strategic importance during much of the history of Cyprus during the Middle Ages.

Painted flag

A flag of Northern Cyprus is painted on the southern slope of the Kyrenia Mountains. It is reportedly 425metres wide and 250metres high, and is illuminated at night.

The flag is considered controversial as evidenced in the Parliamentary Question put to the European Parliament by Antigoni Papadopoulou on 22 October 2009, "How can it permit the existence of such a flag which, apart from the catastrophic environmental damage it causes, the use of chemical substances and the brutal abuse of the environment, involves an absurd waste of electricity at a time of economic crisis? Does Turkey show sufficient respect towards the environment to justify its desire to open the relevant chapter of accession negotiations?"

Legends
There are many legends about the Pentadactylos mountains. One tells the story of a conceited villager who fell in love with the local queen and asked for her hand in marriage. The queen wished to be rid of the impertinent young man and requested that he bring her some water from the spring of Apostolos Andreas monastery in the Karpas, a perilous journey in those days. The man set off and after several weeks returned with a skin full of that precious water. The queen was most dismayed to see that he had succeeded, but still refused to marry him. In a fit of rage, he poured the water on to the earth, seized a handful of the resulting mud and threw it at the queens head. She ducked and the lump of mud sailed far across the plain to land on top of the Kyrenia mountain range, where it is to this day, still showing the impression of the thwarted villager's five fingers.

Another famous one is of the Byzantine hero Digenis Akritas.  Tradition has it that Digenis Akritas's hand gripped the mountain to get out of the sea when he came to free Cyprus from its Saracen invaders, and this is his handprint. He also threw a large rock across Cyprus to get at the Saracen ships.  That rock landed in Paphos at the site of the birthplace of Aphrodite, thus known to this day as Petra Tou Romiou or "Rock of the Greek".

References

Cyprus Mediterranean forests
Kyrenia Mountains
Mountains of Northern Cyprus
Mountain ranges of Cyprus

Kyrenia Mountains


thumb|නවීන කුස්සියක්
Kitchen (  دافور  : ms අවලංගු කර ඇත  යනු නිවසක හෝ වාණිජ ආයතනයක ඉවුම් පිහුම් සහ ආහාර සැකසීම සඳහා භාවිතා කරන කාමරයක් හෝ කාමරයක කොටසකි. නවීන මධ්‍යම පාන්තික නේවාසික මුළුතැන්ගෙයි සාමාන්‍යයෙන් උදුන්, උණු සහ සිසිල් ජලය සහිත සින්ක්, ශීතකරණ සහ මොඩියුලර් සැලසුමකට අනුව සකස් කරන ලද වැඩ මේස සහ මුළුතැන්ගෙයි කැබිනට් වලින් සමන්විත වේ.

බොහෝ නිවෙස්වල මයික්‍රෝවේව් උදුන්, පිඟන් සෝදන යන්ත්‍ර සහ වෙනත් විදුලි උපකරණ තිබේ. මුළුතැන්ගෙයෙහි ප්‍රධාන කාර්යය වන්නේ ආහාර ගබඩා කිරීම, සකස් කිරීම සහ ආහාර පිසීම (සහ පිඟන් වැනි අදාළ කාර්යයන් සම්පූර්ණ කිරීමයි). කාමරය හෝ ප්‍රදේශය ආහාර (හෝ උදේ ආහාරය වැනි කුඩා ආහාර ), විනෝදාස්වාදය සහ රෙදි සේදීම සඳහා ද භාවිතා කළ හැක. මුළුතැන්ගෙයි සැලසුම් කිරීම සහ ඉදිකිරීම් ලෝකයේ විශාලතම වෙළඳපලකි. එක්සත් ජනපදය 2018 සඳහා පමණක් මුළුතැන්ගෙයි ගෘහ භාණ්ඩ කර්මාන්තයෙන් ඩොලර් මිලියන 47,730 ක් උපයා ගැනීමට අපේක්ෂා කරයි.

ආපනශාලා, ආපනශාලා, හෝටල්, රෝහල්, අධ්‍යාපනික සහ සේවා ස්ථාන පහසුකම්, හමුදා බැරැක්ක සහ ඒ හා සමාන ආයතනවල වාණිජ මුළුතැන්ගෙයි සොයාගත හැකිය. මෙම මුළුතැන්ගෙයි සාමාන්‍යයෙන් විශාල වන අතර නේවාසික කුස්සියට වඩා විශාල හා රළු උපකරණ වලින් සමන්විත වේ. නිදසුනක් වශයෙන්, විශාල අවන්හලක විශාල ශීතකරණයක් සහ විශාල වාණිජ පිඟන් සෝදන යන්ත්රයක් තිබිය හැකිය. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදී වාණිජ සින්ක් වැනි වාණිජ කුස්සියට උපකරණ ගෘහ සැකසීම් තුළ භාවිතා කරනු ලබන්නේ ඒවා ආහාර සැකසීම සඳහා භාවිතයේ පහසුව සහ ඉහළ කල්පැවැත්ම ලබා දෙන බැවිනි.

Kitchen


Jordan Ross Belfort (født 9. juli 1962) er en amerikansk forfatter, foredragsholder, tidligere børsmægler og dømt økonomisk svindler. I 1999 erklærede han sig skyldig i at have svindlet i forbindelse med kursmanipulation. Belfort tilbragte 22 måneder i fængsel som en del af en aftale, hvorefter han gav vidnesbyrd imod mange andre partnere og underordnede i sin ordning af bedrageri.

Han udgav en bog, The Wolf of Wall Street, som derefter blev udgivet som en film i 2013. I filmen, instrueret af Martin Scorsese, medvirkede Leonardo DiCaprio som Belfort.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

Forfattere fra USA

Jordan Belfort


Mediearkæologien er en forskningsretning inden for humaniora, som vil uddybe og nuancere mediernes historie ud fra et særligt metodisk perspektiv. Snarere end at udgå fra den klassiske arkæologi, trækker den på Michel Foucaults ambition om at revidere historieskrivningen (Vidensarkæologien 1969). Mediearkæologien forsøger at forstå samtidens medieteknologier gennem en grundig afdækning af fortidens, og gennem kritisk granskning af kanoniserede fortællinger om mediernes kultur og historie . Mediearkæologien interesserer sig således for en afdækning og genoplivning af uddøde og glemte medieteknologier, for herigennem at udfordre en teleologisk mediehistorie. Centrale mediearkæologiske forskere er Friedrich Kittler, Lori Emerson, Shannon Mattern, Wolfgang Ernst, Jussi Parikka og Siegfried Zielinski.

Noter

Litteratur
 Ernst, Wolfgang. Digital Memory and the Archive. University of Minnesota Press, 2013.
 Gitelman, Lisa. Paper Knowledge. Duke University Press, 2014
 Huhtamo, Erkki. Media Archaeology: Approaches, Applications, and Implications. University of California Press, 2011.
 Kluitenberg, Eric. Book of Imaginary Media: Excavating the Dream of the Ultimate Communication Medium. Rotterdam NAI Publishers, 2006.
 Emerson, Lori. Reading Writing Interfaces. University of Minnesota Press, 2014.
 Parikka, Jussi. What Is Media Archaeology? Polity, 2012.
 Zielinski, Siegfried. Deep Time of the Media: Toward an Archaeology of Hearing and Seeing by Technical Mean. MIT Press, 2008.

Humaniora
Medievidenskab

Mediearkæologi


Alan Čaplar (Zagreb, 4. siječnja 1979.), hrvatski planinarski publicist, urednik, vodič i instruktor, glavni tajnik Hrvatskog planinarskog saveza. Živi u Zagrebu sa suprugom Anom s kojom ima dvije kćeri.

Djetinjstvo
Roditelji Roman i Vesna Čaplar su hrvatski znanstvenici (Institut Ruđer Bošković).

Pohađao je Osnovnu školu Frana Galovića u Dugavama u Zagrebu, a zatim Prvu gimnaziju. Maturalni rad napisao je na temu "Prirodne vrijednosti Velebita i njihova zaštita". Tijekom školovanja sudjelovao je na natjecanjima iz matematike, kemije, fizike i novinskog stvaralaštva (Lidrano). Čeitir puta osvojio je prvo mjesto na gradskom natjecanju iz matematike te je sudjelovao na državnim natjecanjima iz matematike i kemije. Tijekom gimnazijskog školovanja pokrenuo je i uređivao zabavni časopis "Novine".

Planinarstvo
Planinarenjem se bavi od malih nogu, a u planinarskoj udruzi djeluje od 1994. godine. Od 1996. organizira i vodi izlete, godine 1997. imenovan je za tajnika Omladinske sekcije HPD "Zagreb-Matica", a od 1998. do 2002. bio je pročelnik Omladinske sekcije i u tom razdoblju osnažio njezin rad. Bio je voditelj planinarskih škola HPD Zagreb-Matica 2000., 2001. i 2002., pročelnik informatičke komisije te kao dopredsjednik društva 2000. – 2002. jedan od organizatora akcije "Planinarske domove planinarima". Na natječaju za izbor planinarske pjesme povodom 50. obljetnice HPD "Zagreb-Matica" 1998. njegova pjesma "Pozdrav planinama" osvojila je prvu nagradu.

Od 2003. član je HPD-a "Željezničar" iz Zagreba i voditelj planinarske grupe Gojzeki pri OŠ Zapruđe. U HPD-u "Željezničar" član je Upravnog odbora, komisija za promidžbu, za planinarske obilaznice, za vodiče i za školovanje te tehnički urednik časopisa "Speleolog". Zajedno sa suprugom Anom skrbi o natjecanju po planinarskim obilaznicama "Gojzerica".

Publicistika
Istaknuo se kao planinarski pisac i urednik. Od 1994. objavljuje u časopisu Hrvatski planinar, od 1997. je član Uredničkog odbora, 1998. najaktivniji suradnik sa sedam članaka, a od 2001. glavni i odgovorni urednik. Osim u "Hrvatskom planinaru", objavljuje raznovrsne članke i u časopisima "Meridijani", "Croatia Inflight Magazine", "Radost", "Lički planinar", "Bilogorski planinar", "Bilo", "Ekološki glasnik" i raznim drugim časopisima i javnim glasilima. Za planinarski publicistički rad proglašen je najboljim dužnosnikom Hrvatskog planinarskog saveza u 1998. godini, a više je puta primio godišnja priznanja za najveći doprinos planinarskoj publicistici i u drugim kategorijama (web, najuspješnija akcija i dr.). Kao autor ili koautor do 2018. godine objavio je ukupno 27 planinarskih, turističkih i geografskih knjiga.

Od 1999. do 2006. i od 2009. do 2019. djeluje kao pročelnik Komisije za promidžbu i izdavačku djelatnost Hrvatskog planinarskog saveza. U tom svojstvu napisao je i uredio desetke planinarskih izdanja. Godine 1997. napisao je priručnik "Osnove planinarstva" koji se koristio kao službeni priručnik za planinarske škole u Hrvatskoj. Autor je više planinarskih vodiča i priručnika, među kojima su najopsežnije i najpopularnije knjige "Planinarski vodič po Hrvatskoj" i "Planinarski udžbenik". S dr. Željkom Poljakom priredio je knjige "Antologija Hrvatskog planinara" i "Hrvatsko planinarstvo u 1000 slika". Osim u Hrvatskoj, neke njegove knjige objavljene su i u drugim zemljama - u Italiji, BiH i na Kosovu. Izradio je, uredio i 1999. postavio prvi web HPS-a. U svojstvu urednika web-stranica HPS-a priprema i objavljuje vijesti od interesa za planinarsku javnost te vodi brigu o desetak planinarskih baza podataka čiji se podaci prenose na webu HPS-a. Vodio je projekt digitalizacije Hrvatskog planinara u kojemu je digitalizirano stotinu godišta toga časopisa. Bavi se planinarskom fotografijom i drži raznovrsna putopisna i stručna planinarska predavanja. Bavi se također i planinarskom kartografijom. Surađivao je u pripremi dnevnika dvadesetak planinarskih obilaznica, među kojima su HPO, HPK, Najviši vrhovi hrvatskih županija, Slavonski planinarski put, Samoborska obilaznica, Vila Velebita, Planinarski put Medvednicom i drugi.

Djelovanje u Hrvatskom planinarskom savezu
Od 2003. do 2006. bio je član Izvršnog odbora HPS-a. Aktivan je u Vodičkoj službi HPS-a kao pročelnik Stanice planinarskih vodiča Zagreb 2014. – 2018. i vodič instruktor na planinarskim školama i tečajevima za planinarske vodiče. Vodio je edukacije za vodiče na Kosovu (2011.) i Makedoniji (2018.). U Komisiji za vodiče HPS-a tijekom 2018. obnašao je dužnost zamjenika pročelnice Vodičke službe HPS-a i pročelnika potkomisje za školovanje vodiča. U tom svojstvu izradio je standardizirane prezentacije za sve nastavne teme i metodički priručnik za školovanje vodiča. Angažirao se u razradi vodičkih standarda u HPS-u i stjecanju UIAA akreditacije za programe školovanja vodiča. Od 2019. obnaša dužnost glavnog tajnika Hrvatskog planinarskog saveza.

Projekti
Suradnik je UNDP-a na projektu Via Dinarica te je osnivač i predsjednik Udruge Via Dinarica Croatia koja se bavi razvojem planinskog turizma. Autor je izložbe "Via Dinarica" predstavljene u Europskom parlamentu u Bruxellesu u lipnju 2017. godine. Predstavljao je potencijale hrvatskog planinskog turizma na stručnim skupovima u Hrvatskoj, Bosni i Hercegovini, Crnoj Gori i Sloveniji. Voditelj je razvojnog projekta "Via Dinarica – pustolovni koridor za održivi razvoj" 2017./2018.

S dr. Elvirom Kazazovićem s Fakulteta sporta i tjelesnog odgoja Univerziteta u Sarajevu napisao je dva sveučilišna udžbenika o planinarstvu ("Planinarstvo" 2011. i "Planine i planinarstvo" 2017.). U svojstvu lektora sudjelovao je u pripremi opsežnog udžbenika "Speleologija" (2017.). S tematskim izlaganjem "Petar Zoranić i planinarstvo" te otkrićem podatka o tome kako je jedini sačuvani primjerak romana "Planine" 1854. iz Dalmacije stigao u Zagreb sudjelovao je na međunarodnom znanstvenom skupu o Petru Zoraniću u Zadru i Ninu 2018. Angažiran je u radu s djecom i mladima kao voditelj planinarske grupe Gojzeki, suradnik na Maloj planinarskoj školi HPS-a na Velebitu, kao inicijator formiranja Radne skupine za djecu i mlade u Komisiji za školovanje HPS-a te inicijator dvaju seminara HPS-a za voditelje planinarskih skupina djece i mladih (Omanovac 2015. i Platak 2017.).

Knjige

 Planine i planinarstvo (s dr. Elvirom Kazazovićem, Univerzitet u Sarajevu, BiH, 2017.)
 Čarobna Hrvatska (s I. Buj, J. Jukićem i D. Žagarom, Mozaik knjiga, 2017.)
 Neotkrivena Hrvatska (s I. Buj, H. Kekezom i D. Žagarom, Mozaik knjiga, 2015.)
 Hej-lop Gojzeki (HPD Željezničar, 2015.)
 Hrvatsko planinarstvo u 1000 slika (s dr. Željkom Poljakom, HPS, 2014.)
 Tajanstvena Hrvatska (s više koautora, Mozaik knjiga, 2014.)
 Velebit, planinarski vodič (Mozaik knjiga, 2014.)
 Gorski kotar, planinarski vodič (Mozaik knjiga, 2014.)
 Panonske planine, planinarski vodič (Mozaik knjiga, 2014.)
 Jadranske planine, planinarski vodič (Mozaik knjiga, 2014.)
 Blaga Hrvatske (s više koautora, Mozaik knjiga, 2013.)
 Planinarski udžbenik (HPS, 2012.)
 Tajanstvena Hrvatska (s troje koautora, Mozaik knjiga, 2012.)
 Planinarski vodič po Hrvatskoj (Mozaik knjiga, 2011.)
 Bazat e bjeshaktarisë (FBAK, Đakovica, Kosovo, 2011.)
 Planinarstvo (s dr. Elvirom Kazazovićem, Univerzitet u Sarajevu, BiH, 2011.)
 Escursionismo in Croazia (Odos 2, Udine, Italija, 2011.)
 Hrvatska planinarska obilaznica (HPS, 2011.)
 Hrvatsko planinarsko društvo »Željezničar« Zagreb 1950. – 2010. (sa suradnicima, 2011.)
 Planinarski vodič po Hrvatskoj (Meridijani i HPS, dva izdanja, 2008.)
 Antologija »Hrvatskog planinara« 1898 - 2008 (s prof. dr. Željkom Poljakom, HPS, 2008.)
 Samoborsko i Žumberačko gorje (HPS, 2004.)
 Panonska Hrvatska (V.B.Z. i HPS, 2001.)
 Dinarska Hrvatska (V.B.Z. i HPS, 2001.)
 Velebitski planinarski put (HPS, 2001.)
 Medvednica (s dr. Željkom Poljakom, HPS, 2000.)
 Osnove planinarstva (HPS, sedam izdanja, 1997.)

Izvori

Životopisi, Zagreb
Hrvatski publicisti
Hrvatski planinari

Alan Čaplar


A seguir está uma lista de ciclones tropicais da região australiana de 1900 a 1910.

Tempestades

Ciclone Leonta (março de 1903)
O ciclone Leonta foi um ciclone tropical que causou graves danos no norte de Queensland em 9 de março de 1903, com aproximadamente 14 vidas perdidas (12 em Townsville e 2 em Charters Towers).

Ciclone tropical Sem nome (janeiro de 1906)
Em 27 de janeiro de 1906, um ciclone tropical cruzou a costa, perto de Cairns. As casas foram destruídas, as árvores foram arrancadas e espalhadas pelas cidades, e o Hotel Rhodes e o Hotel Crown sofreram danos. Alguns prédios comerciais e uma igreja também foram danificados. Em Innisfail, algumas estruturas foram destruídas e algumas plantações de banana e canaviais foram destruídas. O ciclone foi notado pela última vez, no dia seguinte.

Ciclone tropical Sem nome (março de 1906)
Em 4 de março de 1906, outro ciclone cruzou a costa, perto de Cairns. A cidade de Croydon foi completamente destruída devido à tempestade. Duas igrejas foram destruídas e os correios sofreram danos no telhado. O Tribunal foi destruído e danos graves em toda a cidade foram vistos depois que o ciclone passou. O Normanton e o Mackay também experimentaram ventos fortes. Um rio transbordou e uma ponte foi destruída em Cattle Creek.

Ciclone tropical Sem nome (janeiro de 1907)
Um ciclone tropical em desenvolvimento foi detectado no Mar de Coral em 17 de janeiro de 1907. O sistema atingiu a costa ao norte de Hope Vale no dia seguinte, enquanto acelerava para o sudoeste. Em seguida, virou para o norte-noroeste, depois para o sul, antes de emergir no Golfo de Carpentaria em 22 de janeiro, perto de Kowanyama. Seguindo novamente para o sudoeste, o ciclone atingiu a costa ao norte de Burketown no dia seguinte, antes de se dissipar em 26 de janeiro.

Muitos edifícios foram destruídos e/ou sofreram danos. As colheitas também foram destruídas e houve 9 mortes relatadas.

Ciclone tropical Sem nome (janeiro de 1908)
Em 6 de janeiro de 1908, um ciclone tropical se formou no Golfo de Carpentaria, a leste de Nhulunbuy. Movendo-se para oeste-sudoeste, o sistema atingiu a costa perto de Aurukun no mesmo dia. Ele logo se mudou para o mar no Mar de Coral no dia seguinte, antes de ser observado pela última vez em 10 de janeiro.

Ciclone tropical Sem nome (março de 1908)
Em 11 de março de 1908, um ciclone tropical foi detectado no Mar de Coral. Movendo-se para o sul-sudeste, o ciclone atingiu a costa, perto da praia Dawson no mesmo dia. Foi observado pela última vez em 13 de março, quando se dissipou para o interior, a oeste da praia Sunshine.

Danos generalizados são relatados em St. Lawrence e Nebo. As fatalidades do ciclone eram desconhecidas.

Ciclone tropical Sem nome perto da praia de Ninety Mile (abril de 1908)
Em 27 de abril de 1908, a frota de pérolas (novamente) na praia de Ninety Mile experimentou toda a força de uma tempestade. A perda de vidas ultrapassou 50 pessoas.

Possível ciclone tropical na Austrália Ocidental (janeiro de 1909)
Um possível ciclone tropical afetou Exmouth em 20 de janeiro de 1909. Uma escuna e mais dois luggers foram destruídos e um rio transbordou. Os danos totais e mortes eram desconhecidos.

Ciclone tropical Sem nome (janeiro de 1909)
Em 29 de janeiro de 1909, um ciclone tropical em desenvolvimento foi detectado perto de Alotau. Movendo-se lentamente para o sudeste, o ciclone atingiu seu pico de intensidade de 990 hPa em 2 de fevereiro antes de enfraquecer. Foi notado pela última vez, perto do limite leste da bacia, no dia seguinte. Nenhuma massa de terra foi afetada.

Ciclone tropical Sem nome (ciclone Normanton de 1909)
Um ciclone se desenvolveu no Golfo de Carpentaria em uma data desconhecida. Em 4 de março de 1909, o ciclone atravessou, apenas 4 km, perto de Normanton. Ventos fortes foram experimentados e houve árvores arrancadas. Muitas casas em toda a cidade foram danificadas e/ou danificadas. Um tornado pode ter sido gerado pelo ciclone. Nenhuma morte foi relatada.

Ciclone tropical Sem nome (março de 1909)
Um ciclone pode ter passado por cima e/ou perto de Borroloola em 12 de março, que foi notado pela última vez no dia seguinte. As mortes e danos eram desconhecidos. No entanto, isso não está incluído nos registros do Bureau of Meteorology.

Ciclone tropical Sem nome (abril de 1909)
Após um ciclone em Onslow, Austrália Ocidental, em janeiro de 1909, uma segunda tempestade atingiu a cidade de 5 a 6 de abril de 1909, causando danos à maioria dos barcos e alguns edifícios. Quatro luggers com todos os 24 tripulantes foram perdidos.

Ciclone tropical Sem nome (janeiro de 1910)
Em 24 de janeiro, um ciclone tropical com pressão barométrica mínima de 988 hPa foi detectado ao sul-sudeste de Port Moresby. Naquela época, o ciclone estava enfraquecendo e em 27 de janeiro atingiu a costa perto de Cape Tribulation com ventos abaixo da força do vendaval. Ele se moveu para o mar naquele dia, antes de se dissipar em 30 de janeiro, próximo ao limite leste da bacia.

Mar agitado e ventos fortes atingiram Cairns. Dois barcos foram levados para terra e fortes chuvas transbordaram rios em Townsville. Em Rockhampton, houve danos na ferrovia e algumas casas destruídas. Em Mackay, as pontes foram destruídas e houve perdas de estoque.

Ver também

 Temporadas de ciclones no Pacífico Sul de 1900-1940
 Temporadas de ciclones no Índico Sudoeste de 1900-1950
 Temporadas de furacões no Atlântico: 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909
 Temporadas de furacões no Pacífico Leste: 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909
 Temporadas de tufões no Pacífico Ocidental: 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909
 Temporadas de ciclones no Oceano Índico do Norte: 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909

Referências

1900
Desastres naturais em 1909
Desastres naturais em 1903
Década de 1900 na Austrália

Temporadas de ciclones na região da Austrália da década de 1900


An amendment is a formal or official change made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document.  It is based on the verb to amend, which means to change for better.  Amendments can add, remove, or update parts of these agreements.  They are often used when it is better to change the document than to write a new one. Only the legislative branch is involved in the amendment process.

Contracts

Contracts are often amended when the market changes.  For example, a contract to deliver something to a customer once a month can be amended if the customer wants it delivered once a week.  Usually
Contracts also are categorized for their promotion in a nation, such as the Treaty of Versailles.

Law

Legislation

In parliamentary procedure, a motion is a proposal to do something. The wording of such a proposal can be changed with a motion to amend. Amendments can remove words, add words, or change words in motions. All main motions and some secondary motions can be amended. An amendment can be amended.

Constitutions

Some of the most famous constitutional amendments are the First Amendment to the United States Constitution which added the freedom of speech, religion, press, and protest, the Third Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, which let Ireland join the European Union, and the amendment of the German constitution as part of the German reunification process in 1990. Constitutional amendments in some countriesfor example, Australiamust be approved by both the parliament or legislature and a national referendum.

See also

Friendly amendment
Non-textual amendment
Second-degree amendment
Substitute amendment

References

Constitutions
Contract law
Legal documents
Parliamentary procedure
Statutory law

Amendment


Gomila u Ćelića gaju nalazise u selu Poljicima, općina Podbablje.

Opis
Nastala je oko 2000. pr. Kr. Prapovijesna gomila nalazi se oko sto metara zapadno od puta koji spaja Poljica i zaseok Lepende odnosno sjeverno od zaseoka Ćelići u tzv, Ćelića gaju. Radi se o prapovijesnom tumulu (gomili) promjera oko dvanaest metara te visine oko jedan metar. Preko gomile je po cijeloj dužini izgrađen kameni suhozid visine oko jedan metar koji ju dijeli na dva dijela. Na površini gomile vidljivi su grobovi vjerojatno iz kasnosrednjovjekovnog razdoblja. Iako nisu provođena nikakva arheološka istraživanja, s obzirom na materijal pronađen na površini i u blizini tumula, ovu važnu i bogatu nekropolu moguće je datirati u brončano i željezno doba. Naime, u neposrednoj blizini tumula, nalazi se nekoliko brončanodobnih gradina: Kosmotovica, Brkića gradina koje čine jedinstvenu fortifikacijsku cjelinu ovog područja, a sam tumul je u uskoj vezi sa životom na ovim gradinama.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-xxxx zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno / arheologija, pravna statusa preventivno zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "kopnena arheološka zona/nalazište".

Izvori

Zaštićene kopnene arheološke zone i nalazišta u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Prapovijesni arheološki lokaliteti u Hrvatskoj
Podbablje

Gomila u Ćelića gaju


Bușteni es una ciudad de Rumania en el distrito de Prahova.  Se trata de un pequeño pueblo de montaña en el norte del condado de Prahova , en el centro de Rumania . Se encuentra ubicado en el valle de Prahova, en la falda de las montañas Bucegi, que cuentan con una altitud máxima de 2.505 m. Su nombre significa literalmente tronco de árboles, en rumano . La aldea de Poiana Ţapului, forma parte administrativamente de la ciudad, antiguamente una comuna independiente antes de 1950. Según el censo de 2011, cuenta con 8.553 habitantes.

La altitud media es de 900 m. Cuenta con uno de los balnearios más populares de montaña de la zona, con unas vistas espectaculares y muchas oportunidades para el turismo durante todo el año, que van desde el esquí al montañismo y otros deportes de montaña.

La ciudad y las montañas de los alrededores fueron escenario de enfrentamientos militares en 1916, durante la Primera Guerra Mundial ( véase Rumania durante la Primera Guerra Mundial). Un gran monumento conmemorativo (unos 25 m de altura), la Cruz de los Héroes ( Crucea Eroilor ) se encuentra en la cima cercana Caraiman Pico , a casi 2.260 m. El monumento es iluminado por la noche y es visible desde casi cualquier rincón Buşteni.

Las principales industrias locales son industria de la madera y el turismo.

Hay un Centro de Información Turística se estableció cerca del Ayuntamiento.

Geografía

Se encuentra a una altitud de 891  a 133 km de la capital, Bucarest.

Demografía
Según estimación 2012 contaba con una población de 9 860 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth.

Localidades del distrito de Prahova

Bușteni


රාජ්පුත් සිතුවම් හෙවත් බොහෝවිට හඳුන්වනු ලබන රාජස්ථානි සිතුවම් ඉන්දියාවේ රාජ්පුතානාහි රජ මාළිගාවන් තුළ ක්‍රමයෙන් විකාශනය වී වැජඹුණු සිතුවම් කලාවකි. එකී රජ්පුතානා රාජධානිය තුළ වෙනස් වෙනස් ලෙස ශෛලීන් ක්‍රමයෙන් විකාශනය විය. නමුත් මෙය නිශ්චිත පොදු ලක්ෂණ සහිත වූවකි. රාජ්පුත් සිතුවම් වලින් විවිධ තේමා,රාමායණ වීර කාව්‍යයේ විවිධ සිදුවීම් විදහා දක්වයි. ක්ෂුදු සිතුවම් සහිත   අත් පිටපත් නැතිනම් තනි පත්කඩවල් ඒකරාශී කොට සකස්කළ ඇල්බම ලෙස ඉදිරිපත් කිරීම රාජ්පුත් සිතුවම් ඉදිරිපත් කළ මාධ්‍යයක් විය. නමුත් බොහෝ සිතුවම් මාළිගාවන්හි බිත්ති මත , බලකොටු වල අභ්‍යයන්තර කුටිවල,සුවිශේෂී ස්ථානයන්හි, ශෙක්හාවත් රාජ්පුත්වරුන් විසින් ඉදිකළ බලකොටුවන්හි සහ මාළිගාවන්, ශෙක්හාවතී මැදුර වැනි ස්ථාන වල සිතුවම් කරන ලදි.

අවශ්‍ය වර්ණයන් සකසාගනු ලැබුවේ නිශ්චිත ඛනිජ ,ශාක ආශ්‍රෙයන්,හක් බෙල්ලන්,සහ වටිනා පාෂානයන්හි ව්‍යුත්පන්න වලිනි. එසේම රන් සහ රිදී ද යොදා ගැනින. අභිමත වර්ණ සංයෝජනයේදී දීර්ඝ ක්‍රියාවලියක් භාවිතා වූ අතර ,සමහර අවස්ථාවන්හිදී ඒ සදහා සති ගණනාවක් ගතවිය.එසේම ඉතා සියුම් පින්සල් යොදා ගැනිනි.

අන්තර්ගතය
විවිධ තේමා අන්තර්ගත රාජ්පුත් සිතුවම් රාශියෙන්, රාජ්පුත් සිතුවම්හි පොදු රටාවක් වන්නේ ,පසුබිම පුරා ප්‍රධාන සිදුවීම දැක්වීමයි. සුවිශේෂී ලෙස, සැළකිය යුතු ප්‍රමාණයෙන් දැක්වූ පසුබිම පුරා අන්තර්ගතව ඇත්තේ අල්ප වූ සීමාවන් සහ වෙන් කළ නොහැකි චරිත සහ උද්‍යාන අලංකරණයන්ය.මෙම ක්‍රමයේදී, බොහෝවිට ඒක පුද්ගල සිතුවම් සැම විටම සිතුවම් නොවුනු අතර, අවසරය හිමිව තිබුනේ පසු බිමෙහි සාමාන්‍යෙයන් පුද්ගලයන් ද්විත්වයක් පමණ දැක්වීම සහ   මානව රූපය අර්ථන්විතව යෙදීම සිදුවිය.

හුදෙක් සිතුවම් ශිල්පීය ප්‍රතිපත්තියෙන් පිට, රාජ්පුත් සිතුවම් බොහෝවිට දේශපාලන  කරුණු සම්බන්ධව සහ සමාජ සාරධර්ම සම්බන්ධව නිර්මාණය විය. මෙවාර් පාලකයන්ට අවැසි වූයේ මෙම සිතුවම් වලින් එවුන්ගේ අරමුණු සහ ඔවුන්ගේ  බලපරාක්‍රමය නිරූපනය කිරීමටය.එමනිසා ,සිතුවම් වලින් නිරතුරුවම පාලකයන්ගේ බලය නැතිනම් යහපත් සමාජයක් නිර්මාණය කිරීමට ඔවුන් සිදුකළ විපර්යාසයන් විදහා දැක්වුණි.  .
මෙම අරමුණු දෙක පැහැදිළිවම මෝගල් කටයුතු සම්බන්ධව නිමවුණු රාජ්පුත් සිතුවම් වලින් පැහැදිළි වේ. කාලානුක්‍රමික ප්‍රතිපත්තියෙහි, මෙම සංස්කෘතීන් ද්විත්වයම එකකට එකක් සංඝට්ටනය වීම් දක්නට ලැබෙන අතර, මූගල් විලාසිතාවල සහ සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රමිතියෙහි සහ  ,රාජ්පුත් සිතුවම් වල එකම බාහිර අන්තර්ගතය ඇතුළත් විය.නමුත් මූලිකවම  විවිධ ආලේඛය සිතුවම්,ප්‍රසිද්ධ මූගල් සිතුවම් ශිල්පීන් (ගෝවර්ධන්, හෂීම්, වැනි.)අතින් නිමවුණු අතර මෙය රාජුපුත් කටයුතුවල හමු නොවේ.කෙසේ නමුත් රාජුපුත් ශිල්ප ක්‍රමය ප්‍රමුඛව  මූගල් සිතුවම් වල දක්නට නොලැබේ. "දහ අට වන සියවස ආරම්භයේදී, රාජ්පුත් සිතුවම් සම්ප්‍රදායික මූගල් ආරක් ගැනීම නිසා වෙනස් විය. " (බීච් 175).

පාසල්

16 වන සියවස අග භාගයේදී රාජ්පුත් සිතුවම් පාසල් ආරම්භවූ අතර එය ස්වදේශීයත්වය සම්බන්ධවීමෙන්  විශේෂ ආරක් සංවර්ධනය සදහා මුලින් ආරම්භවූ  අතර,ඉක්මනින්ම විදේශීය ආභාෂය (පර්සියන්,මූගල් ,චීන ,යුරෝපීය )සහිත අද්විතීය රටාවක් එයට ලැබුණි. රාජස්ථානි සිතුවම් සමන්විතවන්නේ මූලධර්ම පාසල් හතරකින් වන අතර මේවා සමන්විත වන්නේ වෙනස් සිතුවම් රටාවලින් සහ අර්ථ නිරූපණයන්ගෙන් වන අතර  ඒවා සුළු සුළු වශයෙන් වෙනස් විය.එම මූලධර්ම පාසල් පහත පරිදි වේ:
 මෙවාර් පාසල .සමන්විත වන්නේචාවාන්ඩ්, නාථ්ද්වාරා, දේව්ගාර්, උදයිපූර්සහ සාවාර් ආරයේ සිතුවම්
 මාර්වාර්අඩංගු වන්නේ කිෂාන්ගාර්, බිකානෙර්, ජෝධ්පූර්, නාගෝර්, පාලිසහ ඝානේරෝආරය
 හදෝතිපාසල සමඟ කොටා, බුන්ඩිසහ ජලාවාර් ආරය සහ
 ධුන්දාර් පාසල  අයත්වන්නේ ඇම්බර්, ජායිපූර්, ෂෙකාවතී සහ යුනිආරා ආරේ සිතුවම්.

කාන්ග්‍රා සහ කුල්ලු සිතුවම් පාසල් රාජ්පුත් සිතුවම් කලාව කොටස් වේ. නයින්සුක් යනු පහරි සිතුවම් පිළිබදව සුප්‍රසිද්ධ සිතුවම් ශිල්පියෙක් වූ අතර,උතුරෙහි කෙටි පාලනයක් ගෙනගිය රාජ්පුත් කුමරියකට ඔහු සේවය කරන ලදි.
වාණිජ සංගමයෙහි ආර්ථික සමෘද්ධිය සහ "වෛශ්නාගමෙහි" පුනර්ජීවනය සහ භක්තී සංස්කෘතියේ වර්ධනය යන සාධක රාජස්ථානි සිතුවම්කලාවේ සංවර්ධනය සඳහා බොහෝ සෙයින් දායක විය. මෙම සම්ප්‍රදායයේ ආරම්භයේදී රාමනූජා,මීරාබායි,තුල්සිදාස්,ශ්‍රී චෛතන්‍ය,කබීර් සහ රාමනාන්ද් වැනි ආගමික ප්‍රවර්ධකයන්ගෙන් මහත් ආභාශයක් ලැබුනි.සියළුම රාජ්පුතානා රාජ්‍යයන් මූගල්වරුන්ගේ ආක්‍රමණයන් වලට යටත්වූ අතර, නමුත් අවසානය වන තෙක්ම මෙවාර් ඔවුන්ගේ පාලනයට යටත් නොවිනි.රාජසුථානි පාසලක් වන මෙවාර් ප්‍රථම‍යෙන් වැජඹීමට මෙය හේතුවක්විය  (නොඉදුල් ආකෘතියෙන් සහ අවසන් තෙක්ම පැවති)., ජායිපූර්,ජෝධ්පූර්, බුන්ඩි, කොටා-කලාම්, කිෂාන්ගාර්, බිකානෙර් සහ රාජස්ථානයේ වෙනත් ස්ථාන පසුව ඇතිවිය..

මේවාත් බලන්න
 මෙවාර් චිත්‍ර කලාව
 කාන්ග්‍රා චිත්‍ර කලාව
 තන්ජෝර් චිත්‍ර කලාව
 දාල්චන්ද්, 18වන සියවසේ රාජ්පුත් චිත්‍ර ශිල්පියෙකි.

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

Art and artists of Rajasthan: a study on the art & artists of Mewar with reference to western Indian school of painting, by Radhakrishna Vashistha. Abhinav Publications, 1995. .
 A study of Bundi school of painting, by Jiwan Sodhi. Abhinav Publications, 1999.
 Court painting at Udaipur: art under the patronage of the Maharanas of Mewar, by Andrew Topsfield, Museum Rietberg. Artibus Asiae Publishers, 2001. .
 Rajput Painting, by Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, Publisher	B. R. Publishing Corporation, 2003. .
 The artists of Nathadwara: the practice of painting in Rajasthan, by Tryna Lyons. Indiana University Press, 2004. .
 Beach, M. (1992). 1700–1800: The Dominance of Rajput Painting. In Mughal and Rajput Painting (The New Cambridge History of India, pp. 174–213). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521400275.008
 Ghosh, P. (2012). The Intelligence of Tradition in Rajput Court Painting. Art Bulletin, 94(4), 650-652.

වැඩිදුර කියවීමට
Dalrymple, William. (2016).  The beautiful, magical world of Rajput art.] New York Review of Books, November 26, 2016.
Kossak, Steven. (1997). Indian court painting, 16th-19th century. Metropolitan Museum of Art.

බාහිර සබැඳි
 ඉන්දියානු මධ්‍යකාලීන චිත්‍රකලා ගුරුකුල - රාජ්පුත් චිත්‍ර කලාව
ඉන්දියානු රාජමාලිග චිත්‍ර කලාව, 16වන-19වන සියවස මෙට්‍රොපොලිටන් කාල කෞතුකාගාරයෙනි.

ඉන්දියානු චිත්‍ර කලාව
රාජස්ථානි කලා
ඉන්දියානු චිත්‍ර කලා ගුරුකුල
අලංකෘත අත්පිටපත්

රාජ්පුත් චිත්‍ර කලාව


Acta Mathematica Universitatis Comenianae (New Series) est une revue mathématique à évaluation par les pairs, publiée par la Comenius University Press de Bratislava. Le journal existe, dans sa nouvelle série, depuis 1991 ; il était précédé des Acta Mathematica Universitatis Comenianae éponymes de 1980 à 1991, lui-même faisant suite à Acta Facultatis Rerum Naturalium Universitatis Comenianae. Mathematica qui paraissait depuis 1956.

Description

La revue publie des articles de recherche originaux en mathématiques pures et appliquées. Elle se concentre sur les domaines suivants des mathématiques : algèbre universelle et structures algébriques ordonnées, théorie des graphes et combinatoire, mesure et intégration, équations différentielles et leurs applications, systèmes dynamiques et théorie ergodique, géométrie différentielle, optimisation, analyse numérique.

La revue publie un volume annuel composé de deux numéros ; les volumes de la nouvelle série commencent au volume 60. La revue est en accès libre et les articles sont téléchargeables en pdf sur le site de la revue. Les articles des Acta Facultatis de 1956 à 1975) sont accessibles sur digizeitschriften ;

Résumés et indexation
Le journal est indexé, et des résumés sont publiés notamment dans Mathematical Reviews, Zentralblatt MATH, Web of Science, Scopus. En 2019, son  facteur d'impact sur SJR est de 0,34.

Liens externes

Acta
Titre de presse créé en 1991
Presse écrite en anglais


A Mensageira foi um periódico literário veiculado no Brasil no fim do século XIX. Foi lançado em 15 de outubro de 1897, na cidade de São Paulo, e circulou até 15 de janeiro de 1900, sob direção da escritora Presciliana Duarte de Almeida. Tinha como público-alvo as mulheres, justificando-se o seu subtítulo: "revista literária dedicada à mulher brasileira".

Conteúdos
Ao contrário de muitos periódicos femininos, não era focada em veicular questões de culinária ou puericultura, mas artigos voltados à emancipação da mulher, marcando-se, efetivamente, como feminista.

Trazia como forma de entretenimento a literatura.

Colaboradores e colaboradoras
Contava com a colaboração de escritores e escritoras. Congregou 33 autoras, dentre elas, Júlia Lopes de Almeida, Revocata Heloísa de Mello, Julieta de Mello Monteiro, Áurea Pires, Maria Clara da Cunha Santos, Adelina Lopes Vieira, Inês Sabino. Embora não fossem colaboradoras efetivas, encontram-se também, em suas páginas, textos das portuguesas Guiomar Torresão e Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho.

Referências

Feminismo no Brasil
Revistas do Brasil

A Mensageira (revista literária)


Sportsdirektør er en ledelsesstilling i en sportsforening. Sportsdirektørens beslutninger skal ofte godkendes af en direktør/formand eller en bestyrelse.

Se også
 Sportsdirektør (cykling) - en form for cykeltræner
 Sportsdirektør (fodbold) - fodboldleder

Referencer

Stillingsbetegnelser

Sportsdirektør


Gethin Anthony (* 9. Oktober 1983 in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire) ist ein britischer Schauspieler.

Leben
Gethin Anthony erhielt ein Stipendium an der British American Drama Academy in London und besuchte dort von Juli bis August 2004 den Schauspielunterricht zusammen mit bekannten Schauspielern wie Alan Rickman, Fiona Shaw und Brian Cox.

Am Balliol College in Oxford studierte Anthony Englische Literatur und war zudem Präsident der Oxford University Drama Society, bevor er an der London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art eine Ausbildung zum Schauspieler absolvierte.

Schauspielerisch trat er bisher in vereinzelten Episoden von Fernsehserien wie Doctors und Holby City sowie einigen Fernsehfilmen auf. 2011 und 2012 war er in der HBO-Serie Game of Thrones, welche auf den Büchern des Schriftstellers George R. R. Martin basiert, wiederkehrend in der Rolle des Renly Baratheon zu sehen. In der Fernsehserie Aquarius war er von 2015 bis 2016 als Charles Manson in einer der Hauptrollen zu sehen.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 2006: Holby City (Fernsehserie, Folge 8x14)
 2006: Pinochet's Last Stand (Fernsehfilm)
 2007: Doctors (Fernsehserie, Folge 9x47)
 2008: 10 Days to War (Fernsehserie, Folge 1x03)
 2008: Beyond the Rave
 2009: Blut, Schweiß und Tränen (Into the Storm, Fernsehfilm)
 2011–2012: Game of Thrones (Fernsehserie, 8 Folgen)
 2014: Copenhagen
 2014: Call the Midwife – Ruf des Lebens (Call the Midwife, Fernsehserie, Folge 3x07)
 2015–2016: Aquarius (Fernsehserie, 26 Folgen)
 2017: Kodachrome
 2017: First Kill
 2018: Dead in a Week: Or Your Money Back
 2018: Vita & Virginia
 2019: The Magicians (Fernsehserie, 2 Folgen)
 2020: Manhunt (Fernsehserie, 10 Folgen)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Brite
Geboren 1983
Mann

Gethin Anthony


قائمة بطولات دورة رولان غاروس لعام 1982:

الكبار

فردي رجال

 ماتس ويلندر هزم  غواليرمو فيلاس، النتيجة:1-6, 7-6, 6-0, 6-4

فردي سيدات

 مارتينا نافراتيلوفا هزمت  أندريه جايغير، النتيجة:7-6, 6-1

زوجي رجال
 شيروود ستيوارت و فيردي تايجان هزما  هانس غيلدميستر و بيلوس براجوكس، النتيجة:7-5, 6-3, 1-1 (انسحب)

زوجي سيدات
 مارتينا نافراتيلوفا و أن سميث روزماري هزمتا  روزاري كاسالس و ويند تورنبول، النتيجة:6-3, 6-4

زوجي مختلط
 ويندي تورنبول و جون للويد هزما  كلاوديا مونتيرو و كاسيو موتا، النتيجة:6-2, 7-6

مراجع

باريس في 1982
أحداث مايو 1982 الرياضية في أوروبا
أحداث يونيو 1982 الرياضية في أوروبا
الجائزة الكبرى للتنس في 1982
بطولات كرة المضرب الترابية
دورات رولان غاروس
دورة فرنسا المفتوحة حسب السنة
رياضة فرنسية في 1982
كرة المضرب في 1982
كرة مضرب فرنسية في 1982

دورة فرنسا المفتوحة 1982


Wilhelm Stahl (* 8. September 1846 in Fränkisch-Crumbach; † 19. April 1894 in Berlin) war ein deutscher Mathematiker.

Nach dem frühen Tod des Vaters, eines Pfarrers, zog die Mutter mit dem Sohn nach Darmstadt. Von 1864 bis 1868 studierte Wilhelm Stahl Ingenieurwissenschaften am Zürcher Polytechnikum, ging dann an die Universität Gießen und von dort nach Berlin. 1870 promovierte Stahl in Heidelberg als Mathematiker.

1872 wurde Stahl als Professor der synthetischen und darstellenden Geometrie an die RWTH Aachen berufen. 1892 wurde er Professor für analytische Geometrie an der Technischen Hochschule Charlottenburg.

Im Alter von 47 starb Wilhelm Stahl plötzlich an Herzschlag.

Stahl veröffentlichte eine Vielzahl wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen zu seinem Fachgebiet in der Zeitschrift des Vereins deutscher Ingenieure, in Crelles Journal und den Mathematischen Annalen.

Literatur

 Nachruf, in: Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung, Bd. IV, S. 36–45

Mathematiker (19. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (RWTH Aachen)
Hochschullehrer (Technische Universität Berlin)
Geboren 1846
Gestorben 1894
Mann

Wilhelm Stahl (Mathematiker)


Termika (prema grč. ϑερμός: topao, vruć) je atmosfersko okomito uzlazno strujanje vlažnog i toplog zraka koje nastaje kada se zrak uz Zemljinu površinu zagrije i postane rjeđi i lakši od zraka iznad te ga potiskuje prema gore sila uzgona (konvekcija). Kako se tijekom dana tlo zagrijava i povećava razlika između temperatura nižih i viših slojeva zraka tako se povećavaju visina i širina termike i ubrzava uzlazno strujanje zraka. Topla struja zraka u višim se slojevima hladi, širi, atmosferski tlak pada, uzgon se smanjuje i strujanje se usporava. S vanjske strane stupa uzlaznoga strujanja spušta se hladni zrak.

U srednjim zemljopisnim širinama za sunčanih dana proljeća i ljeta termike dostižu visine 3 kilometra i više. Ako se vlažni zrak uzdigao dovoljno visoko, može doći do njegova zasićenja vodenom parom, kondenzacije i nastanka kumulusa. Kumulusi se često nalaze na vrhovima termika. Daljnje uzdizanje zraka i oblikovanje oblaka omogućava kondenzacijom oslobođena latentna toplina vode. Ako je vlažnost zraka jako velika i atmosfera nestabilna, to jest ako je razlika između temperatura slojeva atmosfere znatno veća nego u standardnoj atmosferi, iznad termike može nastati kumulonimbus.

Termike služe pticama (na primjer roda i bjeloglavi sup) i letjelicama (na primjer zrakoplovna jedrilica, zmaj i parajedrilica) za uzdizanje.

Izvori

Meteorologija

Termika


Mexicantown is a neighborhood located in Detroit, Michigan.

Andrew Eckhous, a columnist for the Michigan Daily, said that Mexicantown was "one of Detroit's most vibrant communities". John Gallagher of the Detroit Free Press said that the commercial activity on West Vernor in Mexicantown is an example of what the Detroit Future City report suggested as something to replicate throughout the city.

History
Detroit's Mexican population began settling in Mexicantown in the 1920s. The Mexican community established itself on Vernor Street. The community was originally known as "La Bagley". The Holy Redeemer Roman Catholic Church began holding weekly masses in Spanish by 1969. At one point, the Lithuanian Hall building was renamed the Hispanos Unidos Hall. Waves of immigration came in the 1970s and 1980s, adding to the community. In the late 1980s, the neighborhood was christened "Mexicantown" as part of a public relations campaign. A wave of immigration from Mexico in the 1990s greatly increased the number of Mexicans in Detroit. In one period, Mexicantown's population increased with seasonal immigrations of about 2,000 people, while Detroit as a whole had population decreases. Benedict Carey of The New York Times said that Mexicantown was "on the rise" in 2005.

In December 2012, Ford Motor Company announced that it would open the Ford Resource and Engagement Center in the Mexicantown Mercado facility and spend $10 million to finance the operations of the center. Prior to the Ford center opening, the building was closed.

Composition
The main thoroughfares are Bagley Street and Vernor Street. Meghan McEwen of Model D said, "Nebulous are the borders of Mexicantown" and that "Some say it begins at the old train station and ends at Clark Park. Others passionately insist it includes Clark Park. More than a few people expand its spread all the way to Livernois." Vince Murray, the executive director of Vince Murray, argued that the community could include Springwells Avenue and that the name "Mexicantown" may be too limiting. McEwen said "Perhaps even more important to defining the neighborhood, though, are its enviously unique traits and robust character, attracting visitors, as well as residents, from all over the state and even Canada." McEwen also said, "Mexicantown is a place where vibrantly colored buildings, decorated with even brighter murals and hand-painted signs, dot" Bagley and Vernor. As of 2011, there are many restaurants at the intersection of Interstate 75 and Vernor that cater to customers from the suburbs. Mcewen said, "One might guess there are more restaurants per square foot than any other neighborhood in Detroit."

Education
The neighborhood is in the Detroit school district and is served by Western International High School.

Elementary-middle schools:
 Amelia Earhart Elementary-Middle School

The Cesar Chavez Academy charter school has area campuses.

The area Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit schools are Holy Redeemer School, a grade school, and the Detroit Cristo Rey High School, which is on the site of the former Holy Redeemer High School.

The Detroit Public Library Bowen Branch is in Mexicantown. It was named after a Detroit Library Commission member Herbert Bowen. It opened on December 28, 1912.

In media
A documentary called A Journey to Mexico was created, highlighting travels of people from two Mexican towns to the Mexicantown area of Detroit.

In the game Deus Ex: Human Revolution, the protagonist Adam Jensen was fired from Detroit PD's SWAT after an incident that took place in Mexicantown.

A documentary by Troy Anderson called Clark Park: A Detroit Story, released in 2017, tells the story of the Southwest Detroit community that saved a hockey rink, helped stabilize a neighborhood, and gave inner city youth the opportunity to play the game of hockey. This short documentary with a run time of 34 minutes is told through the perspectives of seven southwest Detroiters ranging from 12 to 87 years of age.

Notable residents
 Todd Cruz - Baseball player
Jack White - Musician

See also

 History of the Mexican Americans in Metro Detroit

Notes

Further reading
 Rodríguez, María Elena. Detroit's Mexicantown. Arcadia Publishing, 2011. , 9780738578026.

External links

Ethnic enclaves in Michigan
Hispanic and Latino American culture in Michigan
Mexican-American culture in Michigan
Neighborhoods in Detroit

Mexicantown, Detroit


Sterlitamak (, ) er en by i Republikken Basjkortostan der ligger i Volgas føderale distrikt i Den Russiske Føderation. Byen har  indbyggere.

Sterlitamak er et stort center for kemisk industri. Byens økonomiske potentiale er i høj grad bestemt af nogle få store kemiske og petrokemiske virksomheder. Den største virksomhed i byen er Bashkir Soda Company (BSC).

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Byer i republikken Basjkortostan
Etableret i 1766

Sterlitamak


The Hubbert peak theory says that for any given geographical area, from an individual oil-producing region to the planet as a whole, the rate of petroleum production tends to follow a bell-shaped curve. It is one of the primary theories on peak oil.

Choosing a particular curve determines a point of maximum production based on discovery rates, production rates and cumulative production. Early in the curve (pre-peak), the production rate increases due to the discovery rate and the addition of infrastructure. Late in the curve (post-peak), production declines because of resource depletion.

The Hubbert peak theory is based on the observation that the amount of oil under the ground in any region is finite, therefore the rate of discovery which initially increases quickly must reach a maximum and decline. In the US, oil extraction followed the discovery curve after a time lag of 32 to 35 years.  The theory is named after American geophysicist M. King Hubbert, who created a method of modeling the production curve given an assumed ultimate recovery volume.

Hubbert's peak
"Hubbert's peak" can refer to the peaking of production of a particular area, which has now been observed for many fields and regions.

Hubbert's peak was thought to have been achieved in the United States contiguous 48 states (that is, excluding Alaska and Hawaii) in the early 1970s. Oil production peaked at  per day in 1970 and then declined over the subsequent 35 years in a pattern which closely followed the one predicated by Hubbert in the mid-1950s. However, beginning in the mid-2000 decade, advances in extraction technology, particularly those that led to the extraction of tight oil and unconventional oil resulted in a large increase in U.S. oil production, thus establishing a pattern which deviated drastically from the model predicted by Hubbert for the contiguous 48-states as a whole. In November 2017 the United States once again surpassed the 10 million barrel mark for the first time since 1970.

Peak oil as a proper noun, or "Hubbert's peak" applied more generally, refers to a predicted event: the peak of the entire planet's oil production. After peak oil, according to the Hubbert Peak Theory, the rate of oil production on Earth would enter a terminal decline. On the basis of his theory, in a paper he presented to the American Petroleum Institute in 1956, Hubbert correctly predicted that production of oil from conventional sources would peak in the continental United States around 1965–1970.  Hubbert further predicted a worldwide peak at "about half a century" from publication and approximately 12 gigabarrels (GB) a year in magnitude. In a 1976 TV interview Hubbert added that the actions of OPEC might flatten the global production curve but this would only delay the peak for perhaps 10 years. The development of new technologies has provided access to large quantities of unconventional resources, and the boost of production has largely discounted Hubbert's prediction.

Hubbert's theory

Hubbert curve

In 1956, Hubbert proposed that fossil fuel production in a given region over time would follow a roughly bell-shaped curve without giving a precise formula; he later used the Hubbert curve, the derivative of the logistic curve, for estimating future production using past observed discoveries.

Hubbert assumed that after fossil fuel reserves (oil reserves, coal reserves, and natural gas reserves) are discovered, production at first increases approximately exponentially, as more extraction commences and more efficient facilities are installed. At some point, a peak output is reached, and production begins declining until it approximates an exponential decline.

The Hubbert curve satisfies these constraints. Furthermore, it is symmetrical, with the peak of production reached when half of the fossil fuel that will ultimately be produced has been produced. It also has a single peak.

Given past oil discovery and production data, a Hubbert curve that attempts to approximate past discovery data may be constructed and used to provide estimates for future production. In particular, the date of peak oil production or the total amount of oil ultimately produced can be estimated that way. Cavallo defines the Hubbert curve used to predict the U.S. peak as the derivative of:

where max is the total resource available (ultimate recovery of crude oil),  the cumulative production, and  and  are constants. The year of maximum annual production (peak) is:

so now the cumulative production  reaches the half of the total available resource:

The Hubbert equation assumes that oil production is symmetrical about the peak. Others have used similar but non-symmetrical equations which may provide better a fit to empirical production data.

Use of multiple curves

The sum of multiple Hubbert curves, a technique not developed by Hubbert himself, may be used in order to model more complicated real life scenarios. For example, when new technologies like hydraulic fracturing combined with new formations that were not productive before the new technology, this can create a need for multiple curves. These technologies are limited in number, but make a big impact on production and cause a need for a new curve to be added to the old curve and the entire curve to be reworked.

Reliability

Crude oil

Hubbert, in his 1956 paper, presented two scenarios for US crude oil production:
 most likely estimate: a logistic curve with a logistic growth rate equal to 6%, an ultimate resource equal to 150 Giga-barrels (Gb) and a peak in 1965. The size of the ultimate resource was taken from a synthesis of estimates by well-known oil geologists and the US Geological Survey, which Hubbert judged to be the most likely case.
 upper-bound estimate: a logistic curve with a logistic growth rate equal to 6% and ultimate resource equal to 200 Giga-barrels and a peak in 1970.
Hubbert's upper-bound estimate, which he regarded as optimistic, accurately predicted that US oil production would peak in 1970, although the actual peak was 17% higher than Hubbert's curve. Production declined, as Hubbert had predicted, and stayed within 10 percent of Hubbert's predicted value from 1974 through 1994; since then, actual production has been significantly greater than the Hubbert curve. The development of new technologies has provided access to large quantities of unconventional resources, and the boost of production has largely discounted Hubbert's prediction.

Hubbert's 1956 production curves depended on geological estimates of ultimate recoverable oil resources, but he was dissatisfied by the uncertainty this introduced, given the various estimates ranging from 110 billion to 590 billion barrels for the US. Starting in his 1962 publication, he made his calculations, including that of ultimate recovery, based only on mathematical analysis of production rates, proved reserves, and new discoveries, independent of any geological estimates of future discoveries. He concluded that the ultimate recoverable oil resource of the contiguous 48 states was 170 billion barrels, with a production peak in 1966 or 1967. He considered that because his model incorporated past technical advances, that any future advances would occur at the same rate, and were also incorporated. Hubbert continued to defend his calculation of 170 billion barrels in his publications of 1965 and 1967, although by 1967 he had moved the peak forward slightly, to 1968 or 1969.

A post-hoc analysis of peaked oil wells, fields, regions and nations found that Hubbert's model was the "most widely useful" (providing the best fit to the data), though many areas studied had a sharper "peak" than predicted.

A 2007 study of oil depletion by the UK Energy Research Centre pointed out that there is no theoretical and no robust practical reason to assume that oil production will follow a logistic curve. Neither is there any reason to assume that the peak will occur when half the ultimate recoverable resource has been produced; and in fact, empirical evidence appears to contradict this idea. An analysis of a 55 post-peak countries found that the average peak was at 25 percent of the ultimate recovery.

Natural gas

Hubbert also predicted that natural gas production would follow a logistic curve similar to that of oil. The graph shows actual gas production in blue compared to his predicted gas production for the United States in red, published in 1962.

Economics

Energy return on energy investment
The ratio of energy extracted to the energy expended in the process is often referred to as the Energy Return on Energy Investment (EROI or EROEI). Should the EROEI drops to one, or equivalently the Net energy gain falls to zero, the oil production is no longer a net energy source.

There is a difference between a barrel of oil, which is a measure of oil, and a barrel of oil equivalent (BOE), which is a measure of energy. Many sources of energy, such as fission, solar, wind, and coal, are not subject to the same near-term supply restrictions that oil is. Accordingly, even an oil source with an EROEI of 0.5 can be usefully exploited if the energy required to produce that oil comes from a cheap and plentiful energy source. Availability of cheap, but hard to transport, natural gas in some oil fields has led to using natural gas to fuel enhanced oil recovery. Similarly, natural gas in huge amounts is used to power most Athabasca tar sands plants. Cheap natural gas has also led to ethanol fuel produced with a net EROEI of less than 1, although figures in this area are controversial because methods to measure EROEI are in debate.

The assumption of inevitable declining volumes of oil and gas produced per unit of effort is contrary to recent experience in the US. In the United States, as of 2017, there has been an ongoing decade-long increase in the productivity of oil and gas drilling in all the major tight oil and gas plays. The US Energy Information Administration reports, for instance, that in the Bakken Shale production area of North Dakota, the volume of oil produced per day of drilling rig time in January 2017 was 4 times the oil volume per day of drilling five years previous, in January 2012, and nearly 10 times the oil volume per day of ten years previous, in January 2007. In the Marcellus gas region of the northeast, The volume of gas produced per day of drilling time in January 2017 was 3 times the gas volume per day of drilling five years previous, in January 2012, and 28 times the gas volume per day of drilling ten years previous, in January 2007.

Growth-based economic models

Insofar as economic growth is driven by oil consumption growth, post-peak societies must adapt. Hubbert believed:

Some economists describe the problem as uneconomic growth or a false economy. At the political right, Fred Ikle has warned about "conservatives addicted to the Utopia of Perpetual Growth". Brief oil interruptions in 1973 and 1979 markedly slowed—but did not stop—the growth of world GDP.

Between 1950 and 1984, as the Green Revolution transformed agriculture around the globe, world grain production increased by 250%. The energy for the Green Revolution was provided by fossil fuels in the form of fertilizers (natural gas), pesticides (oil), and hydrocarbon fueled irrigation.

David Pimentel, professor of ecology and agriculture at Cornell University, and Mario Giampietro, senior researcher at the National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition (INRAN), in their 2003 study Food, Land, Population and the U.S. Economy, placed the maximum U.S. population for a sustainable economy at 200 million (actual population approx. 290m in 2003, 329m in 2019). To achieve a sustainable economy world population will have to be reduced by two-thirds, says the study. Without population reduction, this study predicts an agricultural crisis beginning in 2020, becoming critical c. 2050. The peaking of global oil along with the decline in regional natural gas production may precipitate this agricultural crisis sooner than generally expected. Dale Allen Pfeiffer claims that coming decades could see spiraling food prices without relief and massive starvation on a global level such as never experienced before.

Hubbert peaks
Although Hubbert peak theory receives most attention in relation to peak oil production, it has also been applied to other natural resources.

Natural gas

Doug Reynolds predicted in 2005 that the North American peak would occur in 2007.  Bentley predicted a world "decline in conventional gas production from about 2020".

Coal

Although observers believe that peak coal is significantly further out than peak oil, Hubbert studied the specific example of anthracite in the US, a high grade coal, whose production peaked in the 1920s. Hubbert found that anthracite matches a curve closely. Hubbert had recoverable coal reserves worldwide at 2.500 × 1012 metric tons and peaking around 2150 (depending on usage).

More recent estimates suggest an earlier peak. Coal: Resources and Future Production (PDF 630KB), published on April 5, 2007 by the Energy Watch Group (EWG), which reports to the German Parliament, found that global coal production could peak in as few as 15 years. Reporting on this, Richard Heinberg also notes that the date of peak annual energetic extraction from coal is likely to come earlier than the date of peak in quantity of coal (tons per year) extracted as the most energy-dense types of coal have been mined most extensively. A second study,
The Future of Coal by B. Kavalov and S. D. Peteves of the Institute for Energy (IFE), prepared for European Commission Joint Research Centre, reaches similar conclusions and states that "coal might not be so abundant, widely available and reliable as an energy source in the future".

Work by David Rutledge of Caltech predicts that the total of world coal production will amount to only about 450 gigatonnes. This implies that coal is running out faster than usually assumed.

Fissionable materials

In a paper in 1956, after a review of US fissionable reserves, Hubbert notes of nuclear power:

As of 2015, the identified resources of uranium are sufficient to provide more than 135 years of supply at the present rate of consumption. Technologies such as the thorium fuel cycle, reprocessing and fast breeders can, in theory, extend the life of uranium reserves from hundreds to thousands of years.

Caltech physics professor David Goodstein stated in 2004 that

Helium

Almost all helium on Earth is a result of radioactive decay of uranium and thorium. Helium is extracted by fractional distillation from natural gas, which contains up to 7% helium. The world's largest helium-rich natural gas fields are found in the United States, especially in the Hugoton and nearby gas fields in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. The extracted helium is stored underground in the National Helium Reserve near Amarillo, Texas, the self-proclaimed "Helium Capital of the World". Helium production is expected to decline along with natural gas production in these areas.

Helium, which is the second-lightest chemical element, will rise to the upper layers of Earth's atmosphere, where it can forever break free from Earth's gravitational attraction. Approximately 1,600 tons of helium are lost per year as a result of atmospheric escape mechanisms.

Transition metals

Hubbert applied his theory to "rock containing an abnormally high concentration of a given metal" and reasoned that the peak production for metals such as copper, tin, lead, zinc and others would occur in the time frame of decades and iron in the time frame of two centuries like coal. The price of copper rose 500% between 2003 and 2007 and was attributed  by some to peak copper. Copper prices later fell, along with many other commodities and stock prices, as demand shrank from fear of a global recession. Lithium availability is a concern for a fleet of Li-ion battery using cars but a paper published in 1996 estimated that world reserves are adequate for at least 50 years. A similar prediction for platinum use in fuel cells notes that the metal could be easily recycled.

Precious metals

In 2009, Aaron Regent president of the Canadian gold giant Barrick Gold said that global output has been falling by roughly one million ounces a year since the start of the decade. The total global mine supply has dropped by 10pc as ore quality erodes, implying that the roaring bull market of the last eight years may have further to run. "There is a strong case to be made that we are already at 'peak gold'," he told The Daily Telegraph at the RBC's annual gold conference in London. "Production peaked around 2000 and it has been in decline ever since, and we forecast that decline to continue. It is increasingly difficult to find ore," he said.

Ore grades have fallen from around 12 grams per tonne in 1950 to nearer 3 grams in the US, Canada, and Australia. South Africa's output has halved since peaking in 1970. Output fell a further 14 percent in South Africa in 2008 as companies were forced to dig ever deeper – at greater cost   – to replace depleted reserves.

World mined gold production has peaked four times since 1900: in 1912, 1940, 1971, and 2001, each peak being higher than previous peaks. The latest peak was in 2001, when production reached 2,600 metric tons, then declined for several years. Production started to increase again in 2009, spurred by high gold prices, and achieved record new highs each year in 2012, 2013, and in 2014, when production reached 2,990 tonnes.

Phosphorus

Phosphorus supplies are essential to farming and depletion of reserves is estimated at somewhere from 60 to 130 years. According to a 2008 study, the total reserves of phosphorus are estimated to be approximately 3,200 MT, with a peak production at 28 MT/year in 2034. Individual countries' supplies vary widely; without a recycling initiative America's supply is estimated around 30 years. Phosphorus supplies affect agricultural output which in turn limits alternative fuels such as biodiesel and ethanol. Its increasing price and scarcity (global price of rock phosphate rose 8-fold in the 2 years to mid 2008) could change global agricultural patterns. Lands, perceived as marginal because of remoteness, but with very high phosphorus content, such as the Gran Chaco may get more agricultural development, while other farming areas, where nutrients are a constraint, may drop below the line of profitability.

Renewable resources

Wood
Unlike fossil resources, forests keep growing, thus the Hubbert peak theory does not apply. There had been wood shortages in the past, called Holznot in German speaking regions, but no global peak wood yet, despite the early 2021 "Lumber Crisis". Besides, deforestation may cause other problems, like erosion and drought by ending forests' Biotic pump effect.

Water

Hubbert's original analysis did not apply to renewable resources. However, over-exploitation often results in a Hubbert peak nonetheless. A modified Hubbert curve applies to any resource that can be harvested faster than it can be replaced.

For example, a reserve such as the Ogallala Aquifer can be mined at a rate that far exceeds replenishment. This turns much of the world's underground water and lakes into finite resources with peak usage debates similar to oil. These debates usually center around agriculture and suburban water usage but generation of electricity from nuclear energy or coal and tar sands mining mentioned above is also water resource intensive. The term fossil water is sometimes used to describe aquifers whose water is not being recharged.

Fishing
Peak fish: At least one researcher has attempted to perform Hubbert linearization (Hubbert curve) on the whaling industry, as well as charting the transparently dependent price of caviar on sturgeon depletion.  The Atlantic northwest cod fishery was a renewable resource, but the numbers of fish taken exceeded the fish's rate of recovery. The end of the cod fishery does match the exponential drop of the Hubbert bell curve. Another example is the cod of the North Sea.

Air/oxygen
Half the world's oxygen is produced by phytoplankton. The plankton was once thought to have dropped by 40% since the 1950s. However, the authors reanalyzed their data with better calibrations and found plankton abundance dropped globally by only a few percent over this time interval (Boyce et al. 2014)

Criticisms of peak oil
Economist Michael Lynch argues that the theory behind the Hubbert curve is simplistic and relies on an overly Malthusian point of view. Lynch claims that Campbell's predictions for world oil production are strongly biased towards underestimates, and that Campbell has repeatedly pushed back the date.

Leonardo Maugeri, vice president of the Italian energy company Eni, argues that nearly all of peak estimates do not take into account unconventional oil even though the availability of these resources is significant and the costs of extraction and processing, while still very high, are falling because of improved technology. He also notes that the recovery rate from existing world oil fields has increased from about 22% in 1980 to 35% today because of new technology and predicts this trend will continue. The ratio between proven oil reserves and current production has constantly improved, passing from 20 years in 1948 to 35 years in 1972 and reaching about 40 years in 2003. These improvements occurred even with low investment in new exploration and upgrading technology because of the low oil prices during the last 20 years. However, Maugeri feels that encouraging more exploration will require relatively high oil prices.

Edward Luttwak, an economist and historian, claims that unrest in countries such as Russia, Iran and Iraq has led to a massive underestimate of oil reserves. The Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas (ASPO) responds by claiming neither Russia nor Iran are troubled by unrest currently, but Iraq is.

Cambridge Energy Research Associates authored a report that is critical of Hubbert-influenced predictions:

CERA does not believe there will be an endless abundance of oil, but instead believes that global production will eventually follow an "undulating plateau" for one or more decades before declining slowly, and that production will reach 40 Mb/d by 2015.

Alfred J. Cavallo, while predicting a conventional oil supply shortage by no later than 2015, does not think Hubbert's peak is the correct theory to apply to world production.

Criticisms of peak element scenarios
Although M. King Hubbert himself made major distinctions between decline in petroleum production versus depletion (or relative lack of it) for elements such as fissionable uranium and thorium, some others have predicted peaks like peak uranium and peak phosphorus soon on the basis of published reserve figures compared to present and future production.  According to some economists, though, the amount of proved reserves inventoried at a time may be considered "a poor indicator of the total future supply of a mineral resource."

As some illustrations, tin, copper, iron, lead, and zinc all had both production from 1950 to 2000 and reserves in 2000 much exceed world reserves in 1950, which would be impossible except for how "proved reserves are like an inventory of cars to an auto dealer" at a time, having little relationship to the actual total affordable to extract in the future.  In the example of peak phosphorus, additional concentrations exist intermediate between 71,000 Mt of identified reserves (USGS) and the approximately 30,000,000,000 Mt of other phosphorus in Earth's crust, with the average rock being 0.1% phosphorus, so showing decline in human phosphorus production will occur soon would require far more than comparing the former figure to the 190 Mt/year of phosphorus extracted in mines (2011 figure).

See also

 Abiogenic petroleum origin
 Decline curve analysis
 Fischer–Tropsch process
 Food security
 Hirsch report on peak oil
 Kuznets curve
 Limits to Growth
 Low-carbon economy
 Olduvai theory
 Peak wheat
 Reserves-to-production ratio
 Sustainable agriculture
 Transport energy futures: long-term oil supply trends and projections

Notes

References
"Feature on United States oil production." (November, 2002) ASPO Newsletter #23.
Greene, D.L. & J.L. Hopson. (2003). Running Out of and Into Oil: Analyzing Global Depletion and Transition Through 2050 ORNL/TM-2003/259, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, October
Economists Challenge Causal Link Between Oil Shocks And Recessions (August 30, 2004). Middle East Economic Survey VOL. XLVII No 35
Hubbert, M.K. (1982). Techniques of Prediction as Applied to Production of Oil and Gas, US Department of Commerce, NBS Special Publication 631, May 1982

Economic theories
Eponyms in economics
Peak oil
Petroleum politics
Energy and the environment

Hubbert peak theory


La cuarta guerra es una película estadounidense de 1990, que trata del enfrentamiento entre dos militares de la frontera en las postrimerías de la guerra fría.

Argumento

Un veterano coronel del ejército estadounidense, Jack Knowles (Roy Scheider) es destinado a la frontera entre Alemania y la antigua Checoslovaquia. Tras presenciar como los soldados soviéticos matan a un hombre que intentaba fugarse, Knowles, que atraviesa por una mala etapa personal, comienza una escalada de incidentes y enfrentamientos con el responsable del otro lado de la frontera, el coronel Valachev. La escalada de tensión así como la fuerte personalidad de ambos militares termina por estar a punto de desembocar en un conflicto armado abierto.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Ficha de la película en FilmAffinity.com

Películas de guerra
Películas de la Guerra Fría

La cuarta guerra


كَلفادُوس أو (نقحرة: كالفادوس) هو إقليم فرنسي يقع في منطقة باس نورماندي. يبلغ عدد سكانه 664000 نسمة.

التاريخ
كلفادس هو واحد من 83 مقاطعات خلال الثورة الفرنسية في 4 مارس 1790. كانت من جانب مقاطعة نرمندية. اسم "Orne inférieure " كان قد اقترح على الإدارة، بل وقد تقرر في نهاية المطاف إلى المنطقة كلفادس .

الاقتصاد
الزراعة تسيطر على اقتصاد كلفادس. هذه المنطقة معروفة في إنتاج الزبد والجبن وعصير التفاح أو كوكتيلات كلفادس، التفاح هو الروح التي اخذت منه اسم المدينة كلفادس.

الديموغرافيا
سكان كلفادس " calvadosiens") الذكور والإناث (و "calvadosiennes" ) أنثى (ففي 1999، كان سكان كلفادس حوالي 648,299 نسمة، معظم سكان فرنسا في ذلك التوقيت

أعلام
 فرنسيس باير
 لوي نيكولا فوكلان
 مايك مارشال
 كوينتن روزفلت
 جورج جوردن

معرض صور

مراجع

كالفادوس (إقليم فرنسي)
تأسيسات سنة 1790 في فرنسا
دول وأقاليم أسست في 1790

كلفادوس


Liam Paul Paris Howlett (d. 21 Ağustos 1971), İngiliz DJ, Prodüktör. The Prodigy adlı elektronik müzik grubunun XL-Recordings adlı plak şirketine kayıtlı tek üyesi, grubun beyni. Dünya müzik otoritelerince elektronik müziğin dehası ve yeni Robert Moog'i olarak kabul edilir, İngiltere'de büyük bir hayran kitlesine sahip olmakla birlikte 2006 yılında "Back To Mine" projesine imza atarak ülkenin müzik dehaları arasında olduğunu yeniden kanıtlamıştır.

Hayatı

İlk Yıllar
Howlett, 21 Ağustos 1971'de İngiltere'de doğmuştur. Çocukluğundayken piyano çalmıştır. 14 yaşındayken ilk DJ mix setlerini toplamıştır. Çocukken müzikle çok uğraşmıştır.

Grubu 1989 yılında İngiltere'nin Essex şehrinde "Prodigy of Moog" adıyla kurarak müzik yaşantısına başladı. Daha sonra yoluna Sharky, Keith Flint, Leeroy Thornhill ve Maxim'ide alarak devam etti. 1990'da grubun ismini "The Prodigy" olarak kısalttı.

Kaynakça

İngiliz DJ'ler
İngiliz müzik yapımcıları
1971 doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar

Liam Howlett