Natalie Diaz, née le  à Needles  est une poète mojave, militante linguistique, ancienne basketteuse professionnelle et éducatrice, lauréate du prix Pulitzer. Elle est inscrite dans la  et s'identifie comme Pima. Elle est actuellement professeure agrégée à l'université d'État de l'Arizona.

Biographie

Enfance et éducation
Natalie Diaz naît à Needles, en Californie, le . Elle grandit à Fort Mohave, un quartier indigène à Needles, à la frontière de la Californie, de l'Arizona et du Nevada. Elle fréquente l'université Old Dominion, où elle mène l'équipe féminine de basket-ball, atteignant le Final Four de la NCAA sa première année et le top 16 ses trois autres années. Elle obtient ensuite sa licence. Après avoir joué au basketball à niveau professionnel en Europe et en Asie, elle retourne à l'Université Old Dominion où elle obtient une maîtrise en poésie et fiction en 2006.

Carrière
Le premier recueil de poésie de Diaz s'intitule When My Brother Was an Aztec. Il fait partie de la sélection littéraire Lannan 2012, est présélectionné pour le  2013, et remporte l'American Book Award 2013. Il traite notamment de la dépendance d'un de ses frères à la méthamphétamine en cristaux.

En 2012, elle est interviewée sur son travail de poésie et de réhabilitation du langage sur PBS News Hour. Diaz vit alors à Mohave Valley, où elle travaille sur la revitalisation de la langue de Fort Mojave, sa réserve d'origine. Elle travaille avec les derniers locuteurs de la langue mojave et intègre la communauté indigène Gila.

En 2018, elle est nommée directrice de l'institut de poésie moderne et contemporaine Maxine et Jonathan Marshall à l'université d'État de l'Arizona.

En 2019, elle est professeure à .

En 2021, son recueil Postcolonial Love Poem remporte le prix Pulitzer de poésie. Le livre est également finaliste du National Book Award 2020, finaliste du Los Angeles Times Book Prize 2020, finaliste du Forward Prize 2020 de la meilleure collection et présélectionné pour le prix TS Eliot 2020.

Bibliographie

Poésie

Anthologies
 Kurt Schweigman et , dir. (2016). Red Indian Road West: Native American Poetry from California. Scarlet Tanager Books.

Prix et récompenses
 2021 - Prix Pulitzer de poésie
 2018 - Bourse MacArthur
 2015 - Bourse de recherche PEN / Fondation Civitella Ranieri
 2012 - Bourse littéraire Lannan
 2012 – Prix narratif
 2007 - Prix Pablo Neruda de poésie
 2007 - Prix de la fiction Tobias Wolff
 Bourse Louis Untermeyer en poésie

Notes et références

Liens externes

Joueuse de basket-ball des Lady Monarchs d'Old Dominion
Prix MacArthur
Poétesse américaine du XXIe siècle
Joueuse américaine de basket-ball
Lauréat de l'American Book Award
Naissance en septembre 1978
Naissance dans le comté de San Bernardino

Natalie Diaz


Angeli (grč. Ἄγγελοı, Ággeloi), bizantska dinastija koja je vladala Bizantskim Carstvom između 1185. i 1204. godine, a kasnije Epirom i Tesalijom pod imenom Komnen Duka. U izvorima se spominju sve do sredine 15. stoljeća.

Povijest dinastije
Angeli su potekli iz skromnijeg aristokratskog roda, a svoj uspon na vlast započeli su u trenutku kada se princeza Teodora, najmlađa kći bizantskog cara Aleksija I. Komnena (1081. – 1118.) udala za Konstantina Angela. Otada su Angeli kao rođaci carske dinastije obnašali visoke dužnosti u Carstvu. Konstantinov sin Andronik Duka Angel se odmetnuo od cara Andronika I. (1183. – 1185.), tijekom pobune plemstva protiv cara i njegov sin Izak izabran je za novog cara 1185. godine.

Vlast dinastije Angela bila je slaba i kratkotrajna. Korupcija protiv koje se borio Andronik I. proširila se na sve društvene razine, a car je svojom rasipnošću doveo Carstvo u težak položaj. Istodobno, vodio je neuspješni rat protiv Bugara koji su višekratno nanosili teške poraze bizantskoj vojsci. Za vrijeme jedne vojne kampanje 1195. godine, Izaka II. je svrgnuo stariji brat Aleksije i proglasio se carem pod imenom Aleksije III. Vojska ga je priznala za cara, a Izak je oslijepljen i utamničen.

Godine 1203., u vrijeme Četvrtog križarskog rata, križari su iskoristili slabost Bizanta i osvojili Carigrad te svrgnuli Aleksija III. koji je pobjegao s državnim novcem. Križari su tada vratili na prijestolje njegova brata Izaka II. i postavili mu za suvladara njegova sina Aleksija IV. (1203. – 1204.). Sljedeće godine, izbila je pobuna protiv križara u Carigradu, za koje je Aleksije Duka Murzuful († 1204.) dao pogubiti mladog cara Aleksija IV. i proglasio sebe carem pod imenom Aleksije V. Kada su križari ugušili pobunu, uhvatili su ga, optužili zbog ubojstva mladog cara i smaknuli, a Izaka II. su bacili u zatvor, gdje je umro. Tim činom bilo je srušeno Bizantsko Carstvo i završena vlast dinastije Angela na carskom prijestolju.

Nakon pada Bizanta 1204. godine, Angeli su utemeljili Epirsku Despotovinu na zapadu današnje Grčke, kojem je zavladao despot Mihael I. Angel Komnen Duka (1204. – 1215.), unuk Konstantina Angela i Teodore Komnene te bratić bizantskih careva Izaka II. i Aleksija IV. Na području Epirske despotovine dinastija Angela odigrala je zapaženiju ulogu i otada su bili poznati pod imenom Komnen Duka. Mihael I. se smatrao zakonitim nasljednikom bizantskih careva, ali carigradski patrijarh Ivan X. Kamateros ga nije priznao kao zakonitog vladara, već se priklonio Teodoru I. Laskarisu, caru u Niceji. Zbog toga je Mihael I. prekinuo sve veze s pravoslavnom crkvom i priznao crkvenu vlast pape Inocenta III.

Mihaelov polubrat i nasljednik, despot Teodor Angel Komnen Duka napao je Solunsko Kraljevstvo, vazalnu državu Latinskog Carstva te je postupno osvajao njen teritorij, završno s 1224. godinom kada je osvojio i samu prijestolnicu Solun. Na vrhuncu moći, zaratio je protiv bugarskog cara Ivana Asena II. (1218. – 1241.) koji ga je porazio u bici kod Klokotnice 1230. godine te ga je zarobio i dao oslijepiti. Naslijedio ga je brat Manuel Komnen Duka, koji se uspio spasiti nakon poraza kod Klokotnice. Međutim, 1231. godine vlast u Epirskoj despotovini preuzeo je njegov nećak Mihael II. Komnen Duka, dok je Manuel ostao vladar u Solunskoj kraljevini.

Nakon što je Teodor 1237. godine pušten iz zarobljeništva, svrgnuo je svog brata Manuela s prijestolja i postavio svog sina Ivana za solunskog vladara, uz kojeg je vladao do 1244., a zajedno s mlađim sinom Dimitrijem do 1246. godine, kada je Solunsko Kraljevstvo zauzelo Nicejsko Carstvo. Tada se Mihael II. pridružio Latinima u sukobu protiv nicejskog cara Ivana III. Duke Vataca (1222. – 1254.), no već 1248. godine bio je prisiljen priznati njegovu vlast, a zauzvrat mu je priznat naslov epirskog despota.

Novi nicejski car Teodor II. Duka Laskaris (1254. – 1258.) bio je saveznik despota Mihaela II. U znak savezništva i kao miraz zbog braka između Mihaelove kćeri i Teodorova sina, Mihael je prepustio luku Drač nicejskom vladaru. Međutim, Manuel II. nije želio prihvatiti gubitak pa se 1257. godine pobunio i porazio nicejsku vojsku. Za vrijeme napredovanja prema Solunskom kraljevstvu napao ga je sicilski kralj Manfred i oteo mu dio Albanije i otok Krf. Nakon toga se Mihael II. udružio s Manfredom i ahajskim knezom Vilimom II. Villehardouinom protiv novog nicejskog cara Mihaela VIII. Paleologa (1259. – 1282.), ali bio je teško poražen u bici kod Pelagonije, nakon čega je izgubio veći dio Epirske despotovine.

Godine 1261. Mihael VIII. je obnovio Bizantsko Carstvo, a Epirsku despotovinu smatrao je vazalnom državom svog Carstva, premda su Mihael II. i njegov sin i nasljednik Nikefor Komnen Duka bili saveznici tradicionalnih neprijatelja Bizanta, Ahajske Kneževine i Atenske Vojvodine.

Nakon Nikeforove smrti, počeo je jačati bizantski utjecaj u Epirskoj despotovini. Zadnji despot iz dinastije Angela na epriskom prijestolju bio je njegov sin Toma I. Komnen Duka (1294. – 1318.), kojeg je 1318. godine ubio njegov rođak Nikola Orsini i preuzeo prijestolje.

Jedan od posljednjih istaknutijih članova obitelji bio je bizantski general Ivan Angel († 1348.) koji je 1342. godine imenovan guvernerom Tesalije.

Popis vladara iz dinastije Angela

Bizantski carevi

 Izak II. Angel (1185. – 1195.)
 Aleksije III. Angel (1195. – 1203.)
 Aleksije IV. Angel (1203. – 1204.)

Epirski despoti

 Mihael I. Angel Komnen Duka (1204. – 1214.)
 Teodor Angel Komnen Duka (1214. – 1230.)
 Manuel Angel Komnen Duka (1230. – 1231.)
 Mihael II. Angel Komnen Duka (1231. – 1267.)
 Nikefor I. Komnen Duka (1268. – 1289.)
 Toma I. Komnen Duka (1289. – 1318.)

Solunski carevi i despoti

 Teodor Angel Komnen Duka (1224. – 1230.)
 Manuel Angel Komnen Duka (1230. – 1237.)
 Ivan Angel Komnen Duka (1237. – 1244.); despot od 1242.
 Dimitrije Angel Komnen Duka (1244. – 1246.)

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Angeli - Hrvatska enciklopedija
 Angeli - Proleksis enciklopedija
 Obitelj Angela - Britannica Online

Vladarske dinastije

Angeli


La Coupe des Pays-Bas de football 1981-1982, nommée la KNVB beker, est la  édition de la Coupe des Pays-Bas. La finale se joue en matchs aller et retour, le 12 mai 1982 au  stade de Galgenwaard à Utrecht et le 18 mai 1982 au stade Alkmaarderhout à Alkmaar.

Le club vainqueur de la coupe est qualifié pour la Coupe d'Europe des vainqueurs de coupe de football 1982-1983.

Finale
Le FC Utrecht gagne le match aller 1 à 0 à domicile, une semaine plus tard l'AZ'67 gagne 5 à 1, et remporte son troisième titre.

Alkmaar termine  en championnat et se qualifie pour la Coupe d'Europe des vainqueurs de coupe de football 1982-1983.

Notes et références

Lien externe
 tous les résultats de la compétition sur rsssf.com

1981-1982
Pays-Bas
Football
Football


Por Intharapalit () était le nom de plume de Pricha Intharapalit () un écrivain thaïlandais.

Biographie

Analyse
Parmi ses œuvres, on peut citer la série de nouvelles comiques Samgler (สามเกลอ, lit. 'trois copains'), dont il a écrit près de 2 000 histoires. Il a également écrit une romance sur la . Ces œuvres ont été citées par des universitaires thaïlandais parmi les 100 livres que doivent lire les Thaïlandais.

Le premier livre de la série Samgler, Ai Phuying (Thai : อายผู้หญิง ; lit. "timide avec les femmes"), a été écrit en 1938, et il devint un best-seller instantanément, se vendant à 20 000 exemplaires dès la première semaine.

Les historiens et critiques littéraires thaïlandais considèrent ces histoires comme un aperçu de la société de Bangkok de 1938 à 1968, car elles mentionnent le monde de la nuit, des célébrités populaires de l'époque ou des événements historiques comme la guerre franco-thaïlandaise.

Ses œuvres évoquent aussi l'homosexualité et les travestis.

Né à l'époque du féodalisme, son travail est aussi un travail de critique social. Par, exemple, dans les autres thèmes qu'il évoqua, on peut citer les relations sino-thaïlandaises et la perception des Chinois en Thaïlande. Dans sa nouvelle Phon Nikon Kim Nguan , « le personnage principal comique Kim Nguan. Kim Nguan est traité de jek - un terme thaï désobligeant pour les Chinois de souche - mais il revendique son statut de jek comme une façon d'être authentiquement thaï. Kim Nguan adopte le modèle du "bon" Chinois thaïlandais, tout en rappelant au public à quel point il est impossible de s'y conformer.»

Surapon Buntusarnee, de l'université Chulalongkorn, estime que « Por était populaire à une époque où il y avait une révolution dans la langue, lorsque le maréchal Plaek Phibunsongkhram, premier ministre de l'époque, a annulé de nombreuses lettres et créé de nombreuses façons étranges d'épeler : « Alors que les ordres du gouvernement sur le changement de langue n'étaient pas acceptés par le public, Por a créé de nombreux mots et expressions qui ont été acceptés et sont utilisés dans le vocabulaire courant, même aujourd'hui.»

C'est lui qui donna envie à Kla Samudavanija de devenir écrivain

Œuvres
 1948 : Le Tigre noir (Seu Dam)

Adaptations
 1966 : Samgler Jer Long Hon (Les trois amis rencontrent l'agent invisible). Avec Mitr Chaibancha et Petchara Chaowarat
 1998 : Seua jone phan seua (Les Rois du crime) de Tanit Jitnukul

Références

Liens externes

Écrivain thaïlandais du XXe siècle
Nouvelliste thaïlandais
Naissance en mai 1910
Décès en septembre 1968
Nom de plume
Décès à 58 ans

Por Intharapalit


Joseph Zhang Xianwang (chinês: 张宪旺; nascido em 12 de janeiro de 1965) é um sacerdote católico chinês, arcebispo metropolitano de Jinan desde 2008.

Zhang nasceu no condado de Pingyin, Shandong, em 12 de janeiro de 1965. Após o colegial, ele entrou para o Monastério Sheshan de Xangai. Em março de 1997, ele foi aceito na KU Leuven, onde se formou em junho de 1998.

Ele foi ordenado sacerdote em 8 de dezembro de 1990. Em 29 de abril de 2004, tornou-se Bispo Coadjutor Católico Romano de Ji'nan. Em 18 de maio de 2008, após a morte do Arcebispo Zhao Ziping, ele se tornou Arcebispo Metropolitano de Ji'nan.

Ver também

Arcebispos católicos da China

Joseph Zhang Xianwang


فارلاموفو  هي مدينة في مقاطعة سمارا أوبلاست في روسيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 3217 نسمة.

مدن مقاطعة سمارا

فارلاموفو


Magnezitovce este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Revúca din regiunea Banská Bystrica. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 475 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu , Slavošovce, , Jelšava și Chyžné.

Istoric
Localitatea Magnezitovce este atestată documentar din 1427.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Magnezitovce


Susan Blakely (born September 7, 1948) is an American actress. She is best known for her leading role in the 1976 ABC miniseries Rich Man, Poor Man, for which she received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama and an Emmy nomination for Best Actress. Blakely also has appeared in films including The Towering Inferno (1974), Report to the Commissioner (1975), Capone (1975), The Concorde ... Airport '79 (1979) and Over the Top (1987).

Early life
Susan Blakely was born (on September 7, 1948, according to some sources) in Frankfurt, Germany, the daughter of an Army colonel. After she attended University of Texas at El Paso, she moved to New York and studied acting with Warren Robertson, Lee Strasberg, Sanford Meisner at the Neighborhood Playhouse and later studied with Charles Conrad and Warner Loughlin in Los Angeles. She began a professional modeling career in 1967 at the prestigious Ford Modeling Agency appearing in hundreds of commercials.

Career
Blakely arrived in Hollywood in the early 1970s, and began appearing in supporting roles in films including Savages, The Way We Were, and The Lords of Flatbush. Her first major role was as Patty Simmons in the 1974 disaster film The Towering Inferno. The following year, she played the female lead roles in films Report to the Commissioner alongside Michael Moriarty, and Capone opposite Ben Gazzara.

Blakely gained wide critical acclaim with her leading role in the 1976 ABC television miniseries Rich Man, Poor Man, based on the 1969 novel of the same name by Irwin Shaw. For her performance, Blakely won that year's Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama and earned a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie. She earned a second Emmy Award nomination the following year when she reprised her role in Rich Man, Poor Man Book II. After her television success, she played leading roles in two movies in 1979: the disaster film The Concorde ... Airport '79 opposite Alain Delon, and the sport drama Dreamer with Tim Matheson.

During 1980s and 1990s, Blakely played leading roles in many made-for-television movies. She portrayed Frances Farmer in the 1982 film based on Farmer's autobiography, Will There Really Be a Morning?, for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film. She played Eva Braun opposite Anthony Hopkins in the Adolf Hitler biographical film The Bunker (1981), and Joan Kennedy in The Ted Kennedy Jr. Story (1986). She appeared in such feature films as Over the Top (1987), My Mom's a Werewolf (1989), and Hate Crime (2005). She recently guest-starred on This Is Us and NCIS and in past years on Hotel, The Twilight Zone, Stingray, Falcon Crest, Murder, She Wrote, Nip/Tuck, Brothers & Sisters, Southland, Two and a Half Men, In the Heat of the Night (1988 TV series), and Cougar Town.

Personal life
In 1969, Blakely married a lawyer, Todd Merer. They divorced in 1981. In 1982, Blakely married media consultant, film and television producer Steve Jaffe. They reside in Beverly Hills, California.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

American female models
American film actresses
American television actresses
Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (television) winners
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
1948 births

Susan Blakely


Carach Angren () is a Dutch symphonic black metal band, founded in 2003 by two members of the now-defunct bands Inger Indolia and Vaultage. Their style is characterized by prominent usage of orchestral arrangements, black (sometimes death) metal vocals, and guitar riffs. Their studio albums are concept albums with lyrics based on ghost stories and folklore, such as the Flying Dutchman. The band sets itself apart from other symphonic black metal artists with the usage of multiple languages such as English, French, German, and Dutch. Most songs are based on English, with transitions into other languages during chorus and bridge sections.

Drummer Ivo "Namtar" Wijers quit the group in February 2020, leaving the band with two current members, singer Seregor and keyboardist Clemens "Ardek" Wijers.

Name
The name "Carach Angren" is derived from J. R. R. Tolkien's  The Lord of the Rings and means "Iron Jaws" in the Elvish language of Sindarin. In the Tolkien universe, "Carach Angren", also called "Isenmouthe" (both meaning the same) is the name of a fortified pass into the plateau of Gorgoroth in North-Western Mordor.

History

Carach Angren was formed in 2003, in the Dutch municipality of Landgraaf, after two members of Vaultage, Lee Hartney and Inger Indolia, started a side project based on their shared love of legends and black metal. Eventually, Carach Angren was more successful, so both stepped down from Vaultage.

In 2004, Carach Angren released their first EP, The Chase Vault Tragedy. The EP is a concept album, telling the story of mysteriously moving coffins known as the Chase Vault Mystery. In 2005, the band released a second EP, Ethereal Veiled Existence, covering the story of the Brown Lady. In 2007, Carach Angren was signed to Maddening Media, a German independent record label. Carach Angren recorded their first full-length album for this label, Lammendam, which received positive international reviews following its release in 2008.

Their second album, Death Came Through a Phantom Ship, was released on 26 February 2010. To support the album, Carach Angren toured Europe under "A Declaration of Hate" tour, with extreme metal bands Dark Funeral, Zonaria and Nefarium.

On 18 May 2012, the band released their third studio album, Where the Corpses Sink Forever. This concept album covers themes surrounding war, including war, death, and suffering.

On 17 February 2015, the band's fourth album, This Is No Fairytale was available for streaming on Metal Hammer. The album was officially released on 23 February 2015. The album is a modern interpretation of the Hansel and Gretel fairy tale with themes of domestic abuse, drug addiction, alcoholism, sexual child abuse, suicide, child abduction and cannibalism.

On 16 June 2017, their fifth studio album, Dance and Laugh Amongst the Rotten, was released. This album diverges from the previous "storytelling" theme of the previous albums, but remains a concept album, with ghost themes, including the Blood Queen and Charles Francis Coghlan.

On 10 February 2020, drummer Ivo "Namtar" Wijers left the band. According to him, the departure was motivated by "dissatisfaction with the music industry". Seregor and Ardek posted the announcement on the band's official website, revealing that the exit was a friendly one, saying, "Although we are very sorry for your departure, we respect your decision".

In late 2019 the band announced they had begun work on a sixth studio album, scheduled to be released in mid-2020. Its name and release date were unveiled on 20 February 2020; Franckensteina Strataemontanus. The album is a concept album inspired by the life of Johann Konrad Dippel, and was released through Season of Mist on 26 June.

Band members

Current members
 Dennis "Seregor" Droomers – lead vocals, guitars (2003–present)
 Clemens "Ardek" Wijers – keyboards, backing vocals (2003–present)

Past members
 Ivo "Namtar" Wijers – drums, percussion (2003–2020)

Touring members
 Bastiaan "The Butcher" Boh – guitars (2015–present)

Former touring members
 Patrick Damiani – bass (2008–2010)
 Koen "Trystys" Verstralen – guitars (2008–2010)
 Marcel "Valak" Hendrix – guitars (2010–2012)
 Nikos Mavridis – violin (2013)
 Ludo van der Linden – guitars (2015-2016)
 Diogo "Yogy" Bastos – guitars (2016)
 Jack Owen – guitars (2016)
 Michiel van der Plicht – drums, percussion (2020–2022)

Discography

Studio albums
Lammendam (2008)
Death Came Through a Phantom Ship (2010)
Where the Corpses Sink Forever (2012)
This Is No Fairytale (2015)
Dance and Laugh Amongst the Rotten (2017)
Franckensteina Strataemontanus (2020)

Extended plays
Ethereal Veiled Existence (2005)
Demo albums
The Chase Vault Tragedy (2004)
Videos
 "The Sighting Is a Portent of Doom" (2010)
 "The Funerary Dirge of a Violinist" (2012)
 "When Crows Tick on Windows" (2016)
 "Blood Queen" (May 2017)
 "Charles Francis Coghlan" (June 2017)
 "Franckensteina Strataemontanus" (November 2020)

References

External links

2003 establishments in the Netherlands
Dutch black metal musical groups
Dutch musical quartets
Musical groups established in 2003
People from Limburg (Netherlands)
People from Landgraaf
Season of Mist artists
Symphonic black metal musical groups
Musical groups named after Tolkien works

Carach Angren


Niesgrau Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Schleswig-Flensburg iline bağlı bölge. 9,89 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu, 31 Aralık 2003 itibarıyla yaklaşık 606 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Thomas Johannsen tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-steinbergkirche.de

Schleswig-Flensburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Niesgrau


Neprebrojiv skup je takva vrsta beskonačna skupa koji nije ekvipotentan (iste kardinalnosti) s  .

Vidi
prebrojiv skup

Izvori

Teorija skupova

Neprebrojiv skup


Pedro Joaquin Hernández Cantarero CMF (Jinotepe, 29 de junho de 1954) é Vigário Apostólico de Darién.

Hernández Cantarero estudou na Costa Rica, Colômbia (Medellin) e Espanha (Salamanca), onde obteve a licenciatura em teologia da vida consagrada. Em 15 de novembro de 1986 foi ordenado sacerdote da Ordem Claretiana. Foi então, entre outras coisas, instrutor dos aspirantes de sua ordem (1987-1988) e responsável pela educação filosófica dos claretianos na Guatemala (1988-1989). De 1989 a 1991 estudou na Pontifícia Universidade de Salamanca. Desde 1996 dirigiu o centro de formação claretiana para seminaristas em Kinshasa (República Democrática do Congo), onde também lecionou como professor de espiritualidade e estudos bíblicos.

Em 12 de fevereiro de 2005, o Papa João Paulo II o nomeou Vigário Apostólico de Darién e Bispo Titular de Thabraca. O núncio apostólico no Panamá, Dom Giacomo Guido Ottonello, o consagrou bispo em 19 de março do mesmo ano; Os co-consagradores foram José Dimas Cedeño Delgado, Arcebispo do Panamá, e Carlos María Ariz Bolea CMF, Bispo de Colón-Kuna Yala.

Nascidos em 1954
Padres católicos da Nicarágua
Bispos católicos do Panamá

Pedro Joaquín Hernández Cantarero


A political campaign is an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making progress within a specific group. In democracies, political campaigns often refer to electoral campaigns, by which representatives are chosen or referendums are decided. In modern politics, the most high-profile political campaigns are focused on general elections and candidates for head of state or head of government, often a president or prime minister.

Campaign message

The message of the campaign contains the ideas that the candidate wants to share with the voters.
It is to get those who agree with their ideas to support them when running for a political position.
The message often consists of several talking points about policy issues.
The points summarize the main ideas of the campaign and are repeated frequently in order to create a lasting impression with the voters. In many elections, the opposition party will try to get the candidate "off message" by bringing up policy or personal questions that are not related to the talking points. Most campaigns prefer to keep the message broad in order to attract the most potential voters.  A message that is too narrow can alienate voters or slow the candidate down with explaining details.
For example, in the 2008 American presidential election John McCain originally used a message that focused on his patriotism and political experience: "Country First"; later the message was changed to shift attention to his role as "The Original Maverick" within the political establishment. Barack Obama ran on a consistent, simple message of "change" throughout his campaign.

Campaign finance

Fundraising techniques include having the candidate call or meet with large donors, sending direct mail pleas to small donors, and courting interest groups who could end up spending millions on the race if it is significant to their interests.

Organization

In a modern political campaign, the campaign organization (or "machine") will have a coherent structure of personnel in the same manner as any business of similar size.

Campaign manager
A campaign manager's primary duty is to ensure marketing campaigns achieve their objectives. They work with the marketing manager to create, execute and monitor the performance of campaigns and provide all the resources required to meet sales targets.

Political consultants

Political consultants advise campaigns on virtually all of their activities, from research to field strategy. Consultants conduct candidate research, voter research, and opposition research for their clients.

Activists
In the context of political campaigns, activists are "foot soldiers" loyal to a campaign's cause. As supporters, they promote the campaign as volunteer activists. Such volunteers and interns may take part in activities such as canvassing door-to-door and making phone calls on behalf of the campaigns.

Techniques
A campaign team (which may be as small as one inspired individual, or a heavily resourced group of professionals) must consider how to communicate the message of the campaign, recruit volunteers, and raise money. Campaign advertising draws on techniques from commercial advertising and propaganda, also entertainment and public relations, a mixture dubbed politainment. The avenues available to political campaigns when distributing their messages is limited by the law, available resources, and the imagination of the campaigns' participants. These techniques are often combined into a formal strategy known as the campaign plan. The plan takes account of a campaign's goal, message, target audience, and resources available. The campaign will typically seek to identify supporters at the same time as getting its message across.
The modern, open campaign method was pioneered by Aaron Burr during the American presidential election of 1800.

Another modern campaign method by political scientist Joel Bradshaw points out four key propositions for developing a successful campaign strategy. "First, in any election the electorate can be divided into three groups: the candidate's base, the opponent's base, and the undecided. Second, past election results, data from registered voter lists, and survey research make it possible to determine which people fall into each of these three groups. Third, it is neither possible nor necessary to get the support of all people. Fourth, and last, once a campaign has identified how to win, it can act to create the circumstances to bring about this victory. In order to succeed, campaigns should direct campaign resources— money, time, and message— to key groups of potential voters and nowhere else."

Campaign communication

Election campaign communication refers to party-controlled communication, e.g. campaign advertising, and party-uncontrolled communication, e.g. media coverage of elections.

Campaign advertising

Campaign advertising is the use of paid media (newspapers, radio, television, etc.) to influence the decisions made for and by groups. These ads are designed by political consultants and the campaign's staff.

Media management
Media management refers to the ability of a political campaign to control the message that it broadcasts to the public. The forms of media used in political campaigns can be classified into two distinct categories: "paid media" or "earned media".

Paid media refers to any media attention that is directly generated from spending. This form of media is commonly found through political advertisements and organized events. An advantage of paid media is that it allows political campaigns to tailor the messages they show the public and control when the public sees them. Campaigns often prioritize spending in contested regions and increase their paid media expenses as an election approaches. Electoral campaigns often conclude with a "closing argument ad", an advertisement that summarizes the campaign's core themes and explains the candidate's vision for the future. In the 2020 election, Joe Biden's "Rising" ad starts with him saying "we're in a battle for the soul of this nation" and a worker in Donald Trump's Pennsylvania ad stated "that will be the end of my job and thousands of others" if Trump lost.

Earned media describes free media coverage, often from news stories or social media posts. Unlike paid media, earned media does not incur an expense to the campaign. Earned media does not imply that the political campaign is mentioned in a positive manner. Political campaigns may often receive earned media from gaffes or scandals. In the 2016 United States Presidential Election, a majority of the media coverage surrounding Hillary Clinton was focused on her scandals, with the most prevalent topics being topics related to her emails.

Experts say that effective media management is an essential component of a successful political campaign. Studies show that candidates with higher media attention tend to have greater success in elections. Each form of media can influence the other. Paid media may raise the newsworthiness of an event which could lead to an increase in earned media. Campaigns may also spend money to emphasize stories circulating through media networks. Research suggests that neither form of media is inherently superior. A 2009 study found that media coverage was not significantly more effective than paid advertisements.

Demonstrations

Modern technology and the internet

The internet is now a core element of modern political campaigns. Communication technologies such as e-mail, websites, and podcasts for various forms of activism enable faster communications by citizen movements and deliver a message to a large audience. These Internet technologies are used for cause-related fundraising, lobbying, volunteering, community building, and organizing. Individual political candidates are also using the internet to promote their election campaign. In a study of Norwegian election campaigns, politicians reported they used social media for marketing and for dialogue with voters. Facebook was the primary platform for marketing and Twitter was used for more continuous dialogue.

Signifying the importance of internet political campaigning, Barack Obama's presidential campaign relied heavily on social media, Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) and new media channels to engage voters, recruit campaign volunteers, and raise campaign funds. The campaign brought the spotlight on the importance of using internet in new-age political campaigning by utilizing various forms of social media and new media (including Facebook, YouTube and a custom generated social engine) to reach new target populations. The campaign's social website, my.BarackObama.com, utilized a low cost and efficient method of mobilizing voters and increasing participation among various voter populations. This new media was incredibly successful at reaching the younger population while helping all populations organize and promote action.

Now, online election campaign information can be shared in a rich information format through campaign landing pages, integrating Google's rich snippets, structured data, social media open graphs, and husting support file formats for YouTube like  .sbv, , and . High proficiency and effective algorithmic integration will be the core factor in the framework. This technology integration helps campaign information reach a wide audience in split-seconds. This was successfully tested and implemented in the 2015 Aruvikkara election and the 2020 Kerala elections. Marcus Giavanni, social media consultant, blockchain developer and second place opponent in the 2015 Denver mayoral election, was first to file for the 2019 election. Marcus Giavanni used advanced algorithms, artificial intelligence, and voice indexing predictions to box in campaigns.

Husting

A husting, or the hustings, was originally a physical platform from which representatives presented their views or cast votes before a parliamentary or other election body. By metonymy, the term may now refer to any event, such as debates or speeches, during an election campaign where one or more of the representative candidates are present.

Other techniques

Writing directly to members of the public (either via a professional marketing firm or, particularly on a small scale, by volunteers)
By distributing leaflets or selling newspapers
Through websites, online communities, and solicited or unsolicited bulk email
Through a new technique known as microtargeting that helps identify and target small demographic slices of voters
Through a whistlestop tour - a series of brief appearances in several small towns
Hampering the ability of political competitors to campaign, by such techniques as counter-rallies, picketing of rival parties' meetings, or overwhelming rival candidates' offices with mischievous phone calls (most political parties in representative democracies publicly distance themselves from such disruptive and morale-affecting tactics, with the exception of those parties self-identifying as activist
 Organizing political house parties
 Using endorsements of other celebrated party members to boost support (see coattail effect)
 Using a campaign surrogate - a celebrity or person of influence, campaigning on a candidate's behalf.
 Remaining close to or at home to make speeches to supporters who come to visit as part of a front porch campaign
 Vote-by-mail, previously known as "absentee ballots" have grown significantly in importance as an election tool. Campaigns in most states must have a strategy in place to impact early voting
 Sale of official campaign merchandise (colloquially known as swag, in reference to the baiting technique) as a way of commuting a competitor's popularity into campaign donations, volunteer recruitment, and free advertising

Campaign types

Informational campaign
An informational campaign is a political campaign designed to raise public awareness and support for the positions of a candidate (or her/his party). It is more intense than a paper campaign, which consists of little more than filing the necessary papers to get on the ballot, but is less intense than a competitive campaign, which aims to actually win election to the office. An informational campaign typically focuses on low-cost outreach such as news releases, getting interviewed in the paper, making a brochure for door to door distribution, organizing poll workers, etc.

Paper campaign
A paper campaign is a political campaign in which the candidate only files the necessary paperwork to appear on the ballot. The purpose of such a token effort may be simply to increase name awareness of a minor political party, to give voters of a certain ideology an opportunity to vote accordingly, or to ensure that the party has candidates in every constituency. It can be a cost-effective means of attracting media coverage. An informational campaign, by contrast, may involve news releases, newspaper interviews, door-to-door campaigning, and organizing polls. As the level of seriousness rises, the marginal cost of reaching more people rises accordingly, due to the high cost of TV commercials, paid staff, etc. which are used by competitive campaigns. Paper candidates do not expect to be elected and usually run simply as a way of helping the more general campaign. However, an unexpected surge in support for the party may result in many paper candidates being unexpectedly elected, as for example happened to the New Democratic Party in Quebec during the 2011 federal election.

Effects
A forthcoming study in the American Political Science Review found that campaigns have "an average effect of zero in general elections". The study found two instances where campaigning was effective: "First, when candidates take unusually unpopular positions and campaigns invest unusually heavily in identifying persuadable voters. Second, when campaigns contact voters long before election day and measure effects immediately — although this early persuasion decays."

One reason why it is hard to judge the effectiveness of an election campaign is because many people know who they want to vote for long before the campaigns are started. Voters are more likely to vote for a nominee based on whose values align closest with theirs. Studies suggest that party flips come from the analysis of how a voter sees their parties performance in the years before a campaign even begins.

Another study suggests that at the 2017 Austrian legislative election, 31% of voters admitted to either developing of changing their party preferences during the election campaign. The study provides data that shows how the main parties within Austria had differing levels of voters flipping toward them, thus proving that an election campaign has some level of effectiveness that differs between parties, depending on factors such as media presence.

Spending
In presidential campaigns in the United States, research indicates that a $10 million advantage in spending in an individual states leads to approximately 27,000 more votes for the campaign in the state, which can be sufficient to win a close race. In down-ballot races, spending matters more. Scholars have estimated that a $2 million advantage can net a Senate campaign 10,000 votes.

Presidential campaigns
A large body of political science research emphasizes how "fundamentals" – the state of the economy, whether the country is at war, how long the president's party has held the office, and which candidate is more ideologically moderate – predict presidential election outcomes. However, campaigns may be necessary to enlighten otherwise uninformed voters about the fundamentals, which thus become increasingly predictive of preferences as the campaign progresses. Research suggests that "the 2012 presidential campaigns increased turnout in highly targeted states by 7–8 percentage points, on average, indicating that modern campaigns can significantly alter the size and composition of the voting population".

National conventions
A consensus in the political science literature holds that national conventions usually have a measurable effect on presidential elections that is relatively resistant to decay.

Presidential and vice-presidential debates
Research is mixed on the precise impact of debates. Rather than encourage viewers to update their political views in accordance with the most persuasive arguments, viewers instead update their views to merely reflect what their favored candidate is saying.

Presidential primaries
The fundamentals matter less in the outcome of presidential primaries. One prominent theory holds that the outcome of presidential primaries is largely determined by the preferences of party elites. Presidential primaries are therefore less predictive, as various types of events may impact elites' perception of the viability of candidates. Gaffes, debates and media narratives play a greater role in primaries than in presidential elections.

Strategies

Traditional ground campaigning and voter contacts remain the most effective strategies. Some research suggests that knocking on doors can increase turnout by as much as 10% and phone calls by as much as 4%. One study suggests that lawn signs increase vote share by 1.7 percentage points. A review of more than 200 get-out-the-vote experiments finds that the most effective tactics are personal: Door-to-door canvassing increases turnout by an average of about 2.5 percentage points; volunteer phone calls raise it by about 1.9 points, compared to 1.0 points for calls from commercial phone banks; automated phone messages are ineffective.  Using out-of-state volunteers for canvassing is less effective in increasing turnout than using local and trained volunteers.

According to political scientists Donald Green and Alan Gerber, it costs $31 to produce a vote going door to door, $91-$137 to produce a vote by sending out direct mailers, $47 per vote from leafletting, $58-$125 per vote from commercial phone banking, and $20-$35 per vote from voluntary phone banking. A 2018 study in the American Economic Review found that door-to-door canvassing on behalf of the Francois Hollande campaign in the 2012 French presidential election "did not affect turnout, but increased Hollande's vote share in the first round and accounted for one fourth of his victory margin in the second. Visits' impact persisted in later elections, suggesting a lasting persuasion effect." According to a 2018 study, repeated get-out-the-vote phone calls had diminishing effects but each additional phone call increased the probability to vote by 0.6-1.0 percentage points. Another 2018 study found that "party leaflets boost turnout by 4.3 percentage points while canvassing has a small additional effect (0.6 percentage points)" in a United Kingdom election.

A 2016 study found that visits by candidate visits to states have modest effects: "visits are most effective in influencing press coverage at the national level and within battleground states. Visits' effects on voters themselves, however, are much more modest than consultants often claim, and visits appear to have no effects outside the market that hosts a visit." The authors of the study argue that it would be more effective for campaigns to go to the pockets of the country where wealthy donors are (for fundraising) and hold rallies in the populous states both to attract national press and raise funds. A 2005 study found that campaign visits had no statistically significant effect, after controlling for other factors, on voter turnout in the 1992, 1996, and 2000 elections. On the other hand, a 2017 paper of the 1948 presidential election provides "strong evidence that candidate visits can influence electoral returns". Other research also provides evidence that campaign visits increase vote share.

Campaigns may also rely on strategically placed field offices to acquire votes. The Obama 2008 campaign's extensive use of field offices has been credited as crucial to winning in the states of Indiana and North Carolina. Each field office that the Obama campaign opened in 2012 gave him approximately a 0.3% greater vote share.  According to one study, the cost per vote by having a field office is $49.40.

According to a 2020 study, campaign spending on messaging to voters affects voter support for candidates. Another 2020 study found that political advertising had small effects regardless of context, message, sender, and receiver. A 2022 study found that voters are persuadable to switch support for candidates when they are exposed to new information.

Political science research generally finds negative advertisement (which has increased over time) to be ineffective both at reducing the support and turnout for the opponent. A 2021 study in the American Political Science Review found that television campaign ads do affect election outcomes, in particular in down-ballot races. According to political scientists Stephen Ansolabehere and Shanto Iyengar, negative ads do succeed at driving down overall turnout though. A 2019 study of online political advertising conducted by a party in the 2016 Berlin state election campaign found that the online-ad campaign "increased the party's vote share by 0.7 percentage points" and that factual ads were more effective than emotional ads.

History

Political campaigns have existed as long as there have been informed citizens to campaign amongst. Democratic societies have regular election campaigns, but political campaigning can occur on particular issues even in non-democracies so long as freedom of expression is allowed. Often mass campaigns are started by the less privileged or anti-establishment viewpoints (as against more powerful interests whose first resort is lobbying). The phenomenon of political campaigns are tightly tied to lobby groups and political parties.

The first modern campaign is often described as William Ewart Gladstone's Midlothian campaign in 1878–80, although there may be earlier recognizably modern examples from the 19th century. The 1896 William McKinley presidential campaign laid the groundwork for modern campaigns.

In the 1790-1820s, the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party battled it out in the so-called "First Party System". American election campaigns in the 19th century created the first mass-base political parties and invented many of the techniques of mass campaigning.

History of election campaigns in America
Political campaigns are forever changing and evolving with the growth of technology. In the nineteenth-century candidates were not traveling the country in search of votes. That is until the American presidential race of 1896 when William McKinley recruited the help of Marcus A. Hanna. Hanna devised a plan to have voters come to McKinley. McKinley won the race with 51% of the votes.

The development of new technologies has completely changed the way political campaigns are run. In the late twentieth-century campaigns shifted into television and radio broadcasts. The early 00s brought interactive websites. By 2008 the world of campaigns was available to millions of people through the internet and social media programs. 2008 marks a new era of digital elections because of the fast-paced movement of information.

See also

Techniques and traditions
Canvassing
Election litter
Election promise
Husting
Lawn sign
Sign war
Microtargeting
Permanent campaign
Political campaign staff
Research strategies of election campaign communication research
Robocalls & Personalized audio messaging
Votebank
Assumed Incumbency

General topics
Activism
Civics
Lobbying
Media manipulation
Minimal effects hypothesis

References

Sources

World

Barnes, S. H., and M. Kaase Political Action: Mass Participation in Five Western Democracies. Sage, 1979.
Blewett, Neal. The Peers, the Parties and the People: The General Elections of 1910. London: Macmillan, 1972.
Hix, S. The Political System of the European Union. St. Martin's Press, 1999.
Katz, Richard S., and Peter Mair (eds.), How Parties Organize: Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies. Sage Publications, 1994.

LaPalombara, Joseph and Myron Wiener (eds.), Political Parties and Political Development. Princeton University Press, 1966.
Panebianco, A. Political Parties: Organization and Power. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Paquette, Laure. Campaign Strategy. New York: Nova, 2006.
Poguntke, Thomas, and Paul Webb, eds. The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies. Oxford University Press. 2005 online
Ware, Alan. Citizens, Parties and the State: A Reappraisal. Princeton University Press, 1987.
Webb, Paul, David Farrell, and Ian Holliday, Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford University Press, 2002

United States
 Cunningham, Sean P. Cowboy Conservatism: Texas and the Rise of the Modern Right. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2010.
 Robert J. Dinkin. Campaigning in America: A History of Election Practice. Westport: Greenwood, 1989.
 John Gerring, Party Ideologies in America, 1828–1996. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
 Lewis L. Gould, Grand Old Party: A History of the Republicans. New York: Random House, 2003.
 Gary C. Jacobson. The Politics of Congressional Elections. (5th Edition) New York: Longman, 2000.
 Richard Jensen, The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971.
 L. Sandy Meisel, ed. Political Parties and Elections in the United States: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 1991.
 Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., ed. History of American Presidential Elections. 4 vols. New York: Chelsea House, 1971.
 James A. Thurber, Campaigns and Elections American Style. New York: Westview Press; 2nd edition, 2004.
 Kirsten A. Foot and Steven M. Schneider, "Web Campaigning". The MIT Press, 2006.
 Bruce A. Bimber and Richard Davis, Campaigning Online: the Internet in U.S. Elections. Oxford University Press, 2003.
 Justin A. Gravely. " Campaigning on American soil and the rules of the American Government". Cambridge University Press, 2014

Further reading
 Gary C. Jacobson. 2015. How Do Campaigns Matter? . Annual Review of Political Science.
 Dot Vote. Looking to Do Political Fundraising? Explore Different Ideas''.

External links

Activism by type

Political campaign


Gisèle Moulié, née le 20 septembre 1944 à Bonac-Irazein, est une féministe française de la deuxième vague. Elle travaille aux PTT tout au long de sa carrière : d'abord au central téléphonique de Lyon-Inter puis au Centre des chèques postaux de Paris. Elle participe à la création du syndicat Sud-PTT.

Politique
Gisèle Moulié s'est impliquée dans plusieurs syndicats et partis politiques.

Dès 1964, elle rejoint la CFTC du CCP de Paris, et reste dans le syndicat quand il se transforme en CFDT, fin 1964.

Son militantisme se développe avec les événements de Mai 68 : elle participe activement aux grèves et occupations des locaux au sein des Chèques postaux. Elle développe sa pensée politique via de nombreuses lectures, comme la revue Cahiers du féminisme.

Elle rejoint ensuite le PSU en 1969. Elle le quittera en 1973 pour adhérer à la Ligue communiste révolutionnaire.

En 1989, à la suite de l'exclusion du syndicat CFDT du CCP de la centrale nationale, elle participe à la création du syndicat Sud-PTT. Elle est d'abord détachée au bureau fédéral du syndicat entre 1989 et 1993, puis responsable nationale de l'ensemble des adhérents des Centres des chèques postaux à Sud-PTT. Elle s'implique également dans la commission « femmes » de SUD-Solidaires.

En 1990, Gisèle Moulié quitte la Ligue communiste sur la base de désaccords politiques, tant sur les positions générales du parti que sur son positionnement en soutien de l'armée russe en Afghanistan.

Entre 2005 et 2016, après son départ à la retraite, Gisèle Moulié est défenseuse syndicale au Conseil de prud'hommes pour l'Union locale Solidaires de Montreuil.

Carrière
Gisèle Moulié passe le concours d'entrée aux PTT en 1961. Elle est d'abord employée au central téléphonique de Lyon-Inter, puis devient agent d'exploitation au Centre des chèques postaux de Paris en 1964.

Elle travaille avec environ dix mille autres femmes, essentiellement venues de province. Les hommes n'occupent pas le même emploi qu'elle : ils sont soit cadres (en horaires de journée), soit travaillent au centre de tri (de nuit). La semaine de travail est alors de , sans droit syndical.

A la suite des événements de mai 68, auxquels Gisèle Moulié a activement participé, la semaine de travail passe à .  La syndicaliste contribue à animer la branche locale de la CFDT, avec une volonté d'autogestion au sein du CCP.

Elle contribue notamment à organiser une manifestation devant le ministère des PTT en 1972, et participe à la grève massive des PTT en 1974.

Références

Liens externes

Syndicaliste française
Féministe française du XXe siècle
Naissance dans l'Ariège
Naissance en septembre 1944

Gisèle Moulié


Frank Richards may refer to:

Frank Richards (performer), vaudeville performer
the pseudonym of Charles Hamilton (writer) (1876–1961), writer of the Greyfriars School stories
the pseudonym of many "substitute writers" of Greyfriars stories, such as Edwy Searles Brooks (1889–1965)
Frank Richards (cricketer) (1863–1926), Australian cricketer
Frank Richards (football manager) (c. 1880–1963), manager of English football clubs
Frank Richards (actor) (1909–1992), American actor
Frank H. Richards (1858–1937), American politician
Frank Richards (British Army soldier) (1883–1961), soldier and author

See also
Frank Richard
Franklin Richards (disambiguation)
Francis Richards (disambiguation)
Frances Richards (disambiguation)

Frank Richards


Podsavezna nogometna liga Rijeka (također i kao Riječka podsavezna liga, Liga Riječkog nogometnog podsaveza) je bila liga trećeg stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1958./59.
Sudjelovalo je 12 klubova, a prvak je bio "Orijent" iz Rijeke.
Reorganizacijom ligaškog natjecanja za sezonu 1959./60. osnovana je "Riječko-istarska zona", te je "Riječka podsavezna liga" postala liga četvrtoh stupnja.

Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Kvalifikacije za 2. liga 1959./60.

Povezani članci
 Druga savezna liga 1958./59.
 Gradsko-kotarska liga Rijeka 1958./59.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 Izidor Matovinovć: Pola stoljeća "Orijenta", Rijeka, 1970., UDK: 796.332:061.2(497.5 Rijeka)"1919/1969"(067.5), str. 177.
 Obrad Maleš i dr.: Nogometni klub "Opatija", Opatija : 1911-1981., Opatija, 1981., UDK: 796.332::061.2](497.5 Opatija)"1911/1981"(082), str. 63–65.
 Niko Cvjetković: "SD "Borac" Bakar : 1920-1990.", Bakar, 1990., UDK:796(497.13 Bakar)"1920/1990", str. 164–167.
 Ante Kuntić i dr.: Sedamdeset i pet godina nogometa u gradu pod Nehajem 1920-1995, Senj, 1996., str. 64–66.
 Petar Pavlić: Crikvenička nogometna kronika : naših '90 let, Crikvenica, 2009., UDK: 796.332(497.5), str. 63–64, 210.
 Marinko Lazzarich, Neka Bude Orijent 1919. – 2019., str. 356.

1958-59
Rijeka
1958-59 Rijeka

Podsavezna nogometna liga Rijeka 1958./59.


L'Alliance FIDO (pour « Fast IDentity Online », en anglais) est une association industrielle ouverte lancée en février 2013 dont la mission déclarée est de développer et de promouvoir des normes d'authentification qui « contribuent à réduire la dépendance excessive du monde aux mots de passe ». FIDO résout le manque d'interopérabilité entre les dispositifs d'authentification forte et réduit les problèmes rencontrés par les utilisateurs lors de la création et de la mémorisation de plusieurs noms d'utilisateur et mots de passe.

Aperçu
FIDO prend en charge une gamme complète de technologies d'authentification, y compris la biométrie – empreintes digitales et iris, reconnaissance vocale et faciale – ainsi que les solutions et les normes de communication existantes, telles que les modules de plateforme sécurisée (TPM), les jetons de sécurité USB, les éléments sécurisés intégrés (eSE), les cartes à puce et la communication en champ proche (NFC).

Le dispositif de jeton numérique (USB) peut être utilisé pour s'authentifier à l'aide d'un simple mot de passe (par exemple un code PIN à quatre chiffres) ou en appuyant sur un bouton. Les spécifications mettent l'accent sur un modèle centré sur l'appareil. L'authentification sur le réseau s'effectue à l'aide de cryptographie asymétrique.

Le dispositif de l'utilisateur enregistre sa clé publique auprès d'un serveur. Pour authentifier l'utilisateur, l'appareil signe un « défi » à l'aide de la clé privée qu'il détient. Les touches de l'appareil sont déverrouillées par un geste de l'utilisateur local tel qu'un geste biométrique ou en appuyant sur un bouton.

FIDO propose deux types d'expériences utilisateur en fonction du protocole utilisé. Les deux protocoles définissent une interface commune au niveau du client quelle que soit la méthode d'authentification locale utilisée par l'utilisateur.

Caractéristiques
Les spécifications ouvertes suivantes peuvent être obtenues sur le site Web de FIDO.

 Cadre d'authentification universel (UAF)
 UAF 1.0 (décembre 8, 2014)
 UAF 1.1 (février 2, 2017)
 UAF 1.2 (novembre 28, 2017)

  facteur universel (U2F)
 U2F 1.0  (octobre 9, 2014)
 U2F 1.2 (juillet 11, 2017)

 FIDO 2.0 (contribué au W3C en novembre 12, 2015)
 FIDO 2.0 (septembre 4, 2015)

 Protocole client à authentificateur (CTAP)
 CTAP 2.0 (septembre 27, 2017)
 CTAP 2.0 Projet de mise en œuvre (février 27, 2018)

La norme U2F 1.0 (octobre 9, 2014) est le point de départ d'une spécification éphémère connue sous le nom de FIDO 2.0 (septembre 4, 2015). Cette dernier a été officiellement soumis au World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) en novembre 12, 2015. Par la suite, le premier projet de travail de la norme d'authentification Web du W3C (WebAuthn) a été publié en mai 31, 2016. La norme WebAuthn a été révisée à plusieurs reprises depuis lors, devenant une recommandation du W3C en mars 4, 2019.

Pendant ce temps l'U2F 1.2 (juillet 11, 2017) devint le point de départ du protocole Client to Authenticator 2.0 Proposition de norme, qui a été publiée en septembre 27, 2017. FIDO CTAP 2.0 complète W3C WebAuthn, qui sont tous deux concernés par le projet FIDO2 .

Jalons

 (2014-10-09) publication de l'U2F 1.0
 (2014-12-08) UAF 1.0
 (2015-06-30) L'Alliance FIDO a publié deux nouveaux protocoles prenant en charge la technologie Bluetooth et la communication en champ proche (NFC) en tant que protocoles de transport pour U2F
 (2015-09-04) Le FIDO 2.0 est publié, contenant:
 Format d'attestation de clé FIDO 2.0
 Format de signature FIDO  2.0
 FIDO API Web 2.0 pour accéder à FIDO 2.0 Informations d'identification
 (2015-11-12) L'Alliance FIDO soumet la norme FIDO 2.0 au World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
 (2016-02-17) Le W3C créé le groupe de travail sur l'authentification Web
 (2017-02-02) L'UAF 1.1 est publiée
 (2017-07-11) Publication de l'U2F 1.2
 (2017-09-27) Le protocole client-vers-authentificateur 2.0 est publié
 (2017-11-28) UAF 1.2 révisée et publiée
 (2018-02-27) Le protocole client-vers-authentificateur 2.0 est publié
 (2019-03) La recommandation d'authentification Web (WebAuthn) du W3C – élément central de l'ensemble de spécifications FIDO2 de l'Alliance FIDO – devient une norme Web officielle, signalant une avancée majeure pour rendre le Web plus sûr et plus utilisable pour les utilisateurs du monde entier.

Articles connexes
 Identité auto-souveraine
 Initiative pour l'authentification ouverte (OATH)

Références

Liens externes

Mountain View (Californie)
Système d'authentification
Biométrie

Alliance FIDO


විජෙසිංහ ජයවීර මුදියන්සේලාගේ ලොකුබණඩාර (දෙමළ: வி.ஜ.மு. லொக்குபண்டார, ඉංග්‍රීසි: W. J. M. Lokubandara ; 5 අගෝස්තු 1941 - 14 පෙබරවාරි 2021) සාමාන්‍ය වශයෙන් වි.ජ.මු.ලොකුබණ්ඩාර ලෙසින් හැඳින්වෙන, යනු ශ්‍රී ලාංකික දේශපාලනඥයෙක් විය වූ අතර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ හිටපු කථානායක විය.ලොකුබණ්ඩාර 2010 සිට 2015 දක්වා සබරගමුව පළාතේ ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයා ලෙස කටයුතු කළේය. ඔහු කථානායකවරයා ලෙස පත්වීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය අමාත්‍ය ධුර කිහිපයක් දැරීය.

මූලාශ්‍ර

වි.ජ.මු. ලොකුබණ්ඩාර


Planinica je naseljeno mjesto u općini Vareš, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Stanovništvo

1991.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 1991. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 188

 Srbi - 187
 Muslimani - 1

2013.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 2013. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 8

 Srbi - 8

Izvori

Naselja u Zeničko-dobojskoj županiji
Vareš

Planinica (Vareš, BiH)


Jean de Labadie (Bourg, 13 de febrero de 1610 – Altona, 13 de febrero de 1674) fue un teólogo francés que combinó la influencia del jansenismo y el pietismo, desarrollando una forma de cristianismo radical que ponía el énfasis en la santidad y la vida en común. Tuvo gran influencia en los Países Bajos.

Inicialmente católico, profesó como jesuita; en 1650 se convirtió al protestantismo y fundó la comunidad conocida como labadistas o labadianos (1669), un verdadero movimiento religioso que se conoce como labadianismo y que llegó a contar con seiscientos mil miembros en su época de mayor auge, a finales del  y comienzos del . Labadie consiguió la conversión de notables mujeres, como la escritora Anna Maria van Schurman y la artista entomológica Maria Sibylla Merian.

Vida

Hijo de un funcionario, entró en la Compañía de Jesús en 1625 y fue ordenado sacerdote en 1635. En 1639 sus problemas de salud y los enfrentamientos con otros jesuitas le hicieron alejars, y ocupar plazas de sacerdote diocesano en Burdeos, París y Amiens. Se aproximó al jansenismo y comenzó a estudiar intensamente la Biblia, mostrando una cercanía cada vez mayor con las doctrinas calvinistas. Llegó a considerarse a sí mismo como inspirado por Dios. El Cardenal Mazarino le trasladó al sur de Francia en 1646, por considerarle un perturbador de la paz. Una vez en Montauban, en 1650 se convirtió al protestantismo, ingresando en la Iglesia reformada local.

Fue pastor protestante y profesor de teología en Montauban entre 1652 y 1657. En 1659 ejerció como pastor protestante en Ginebra, donde reunió un notable conjunto de discípulos: Pierre Yvon Pierre Dulignon, François Menuret y Friedrich Theodor Untereyck Spanheim.

En 1666 fue nombrado predicador en Middelburgin (Países Bajos), de donde fue despedido a causa de sus opiniones teológicas en 1669. Entonces fundó en Ámsterdam una casa-iglesia que sirvió como modelo para posteriores fundaciones. La persecución que sufría su comunidad en Holanda le hicieron trasladarse en 1670, junto con su pupila Anna Maria van Schurman y el resto de su congregación, a la ciudad alemana de Herford, donde Isabel de Bohemia, princesa palatina acogía a disidentes religiosos.
No obstante, también allí fue presionado e incomodado, debiendo trasladarse nuevamente en 1672. Los dos últimos años de su vida los pasó en la ciudad de Altona, cerca de Hamburgo, en territorio entonces bajo soberanía danesa. Las comunidades labadistas se expandieron por Europa y América en los años siguientes, pero se disolvieron hacia 1732.

Obra
Toda su obra fue condenada por la Santa Sede, apareciendo en el Índice de Libros Prohibidos ya en 1654 (ratificándose y ampliándose tal medida mediante sucesivos decretos del Santo Oficio en 1665, 1692 y 1694, los dos últimos estando ya fallecido su autor). Su tratado más influyente fue The Reform of the Church Through the Pastorate (1667).

 Introduction à la piété dans les Mystères, Paroles et ceremonies de la Messe, Amiens, 1642.
 Odes sacrées sur le Très-adorable et auguste Mystère du S. Sacrement de l'Autel, Amiens, 1642.
Traité de la Solitude chrestienne, ou la vie retirée du siècle, Paris, 1645.
 Déclaration de Jean de Labadie, cy-devant prestre, predicateur et chanoine d'Amiens, contenant les raisons qui l'ont obligé à quitter la communion de l'Eglise Romaine pour se ranger à celle de  l'Eglise Réformée, Montauban, 1650.
  Lettre de Jean de Labadie à ses amis de la Communion Romaine touchant sa Declaration, Montauban, 1651.
 Les Elevations d'esprit à Dieu, ou Contemplations fort instruisantes sur les plus grands Mysteres de la Foy, Montauban, 1651.
 Les Entretiens d'esprit durant le jour; ou Reflexions importantes sur la vie humaine, ...sur le Christianisme,...sur le besoin de la Reformation de ses Moeurs, Montauban, 1651.
 Le Bon Usage de l'Eucharistie, Montauban, 1656.
 Practique des Oraisons, mentale et vocale..., Montauban, 1656.
 Recueil de quelques  Maximes importantes de Doctrine, de  Conduite et de Pieté Chrestienne, Montauban, 1657 (Ginebra, 1659).
 Les Saintes Décades de Quatrains de Pieté Chretienne touchant à la connoissance de Dieu, son honneur, son amour et l'union de l'âme avec lui , Orange, 1658 (Ginebra, 1659, Ámsterdam, 1671).
 La pratique de l'oraison et meditation Chretienne , Ginebra, 1660.
 Le Iûne religieus ou le moyen de le bien faire, Ginebra, 1665.
 Jugement charitable et juste  sur l'état present des Juifs, Ámsterdam 1667.
 Le Triomphe de l'Eucharistie, ou la vraye doctrine du St. Sacrement, avec les moyens d'y bien participer, Ámsterdam, 1667.
 Le Héraut du Grand Roy Jesus, ou Eclaircissement de la doctrine de Jean de Labadie, pasteur, sur le Règne glorieux de Jésus-Christ et de ses saints en la terre aux derniers temps, Ámsterdam, 1667.
 L'Idée d'un bon pasteur et d'une bonne Eglise, Ámsterdam, 1667.
 Les Divins Herauts de la Penitence au Monde..., Ámsterdam, 1667.
 La Reformation de l'Eglise par le Pastorat, Middelburg, 1667.
 Le Veritable Exorcisme, Ámsterdam, 1667.
 Le Discernement d'une Veritable Eglise  suivant l'Ecriture Sainte, Ámsterdam, 1668.
 La Puissance eclesiastique bornée à l'Ecriture et par Elle..., Ámsterdam, 1668.
 Manuel de Pieté, Middelburg 1668.
 Declaration Chrestienne et sincère de plusieurs Membres de l'Eglise de Dieu et de Jésus-Christ touchant les Justes Raisons et les Motifs  qui les obligent à n'avoir point de Communion avec le synode dit Vualon, La Haya, 1669.
 Points fondamentaux de la vie vraimant Chretiene, Ámsterdam 1670.
 Abrégé du Veritable Christianisme et Téoretique et pratique..., Ámsterdam, 1670.
 Le Chant Royal du Grand Roy Jésus, ou les Hymnes et Cantiques de l'Aigneau..., Ámsterdam, 1670.
  Receüil de diverses Chansons Spiritüeles, Ámsterdam, 1670.
 L'Empire du S. Esprit sur les Ames..., Ámsterdam, 1671.
 Eclaircissement ou Declaration de la Foy et de la pureté des sentimens en la doctrine des Srs. Jean de Labadie, Pierre Yvon, Pierre Dulignon..., Ámsterdam,  1671.
 Veritas sui vindex, seu solemnis fidei declaratio..., Herford, 1672.
 Jesus revelé de nouveau..., Altona, 1673.
 Fragmens de quelques poesies et sentimens d'esprit..., Ámsterdam, 1678.
 Poésies sacrées de l'amour divin, Ámsterdam, 1680.
 Recueil de Cantiques spirituels, Ámsterdam, 1680.
 Le Chretien regeneré ou nul, Ámsterdam, 1685.

Referencias

Notas

Enlaces externos
Beate Köster, Labadie, Jean de
Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge

Bibliografía

 Trevor John Saxby, The quest for the new Jerusalem, Jean de Labadie and the Labadists, 1610-1744, Dordrecht-Boston-Lancaster, 1987 (el estudio más importante de la vida y obra de Labadie y el labadismo).

 Michel de Certeau, La Fable mystique: XVIe-XVIIe siècle, Paris, 1987.
 Fabrizio Frigerio, L'historiographie de Jean de Labadie, Etat de la question, Genève, 1976.
 Fabrizio Frigerio, "La poesia di Jean de Labadie e la mistica quietista", in: Conoscenza religiosa, 1978, 1, p. 60-66.
 M. Goebel, Geschichte des christlichen Lebens in der rheinischwestphälischen evangelischen Kirche, II. Das siebzehnte Jahrhundert oder die herrschende Kirche und die Sekten, Coblenz, 1852.
 W. Goeters, Die Vorbereitung des Pietismus in der reformierten Kirche der Niederlande bis zur labadistischen Krisis 1670, Leipzig, 1911.
 Cornelis B. Hylkema, Reformateurs. Geschiedkündige studiën over de godsdienstige bewegingen uit de nadagen onzer gouden eeuw, Haarlem, 1900-1902.
 Leszek Kolakowsky, Chrétiens sans Eglise, La Conscience religieuse et le lien confessionnel au XVIIe siècle, Paris, 1969.
 Alain Joblin, "Jean de Labadie (1610-1674): un dissident au XVIIe siècle?", in: Mélanges de sciences religieuses, 2004, vol. 61, n.2, p. 33-44.
 Anne Lagny, (éd.), Les piétismes à l'âge classique. Crise, conversion, institutions, Villeneuve- d'Ascq, 2001.
 Johannes Lindeboom, Stiefkideren van het christendom, La Haye, 1929.
 Georges Poulet, Les métamorphoses du cercle, Paris, 1961.
 Jean Rousset, "Un brelan d'oubliés", in L'esprit créateur, 1961, t. 1, p. 61-100.
 Trevor John Saxby, The quest for the new Jerusalem, Jean de Labadie and the Labadists, 1610-1744, Dordrecht-Boston-Lancaster, 1987.
 M. Smits van Waasberghe, "Het ontslag van Jean de Labadie uit de Societeit van Jezus", in: Ons geesteljk erf, 1952, p. 23-49.
 Otto E. Strasser-Bertrand - Otto J. De Jong, Geschichte des Protestantismus in Frankreich und den Niederlanden, Göttingen, 1975.
 Daniel Vidal, Jean de Labadie (1610-1674) Passion mystique et esprit de Réforme, Grenoble, 2009.
 H. Van Berkum, De Labadie en de Labadisten, eene bladzijde uit de geschiedenis der Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk, Snek, 1851.

Exjesuitas
Conversos al protestantismo
Pietismo
Jansenismo
Index Librorum Prohibitorum
Nacidos en Bourg (Gironda)

Jean de Labadie


Vultulf (en gotique : 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌿𐌻𐍆, et en ), également connu sous le nom de Wuldulf (né vers 320-330 et mort en 371), est un roi des Ostrogoths de la dynastie des Amales régnant au .

Biographie
Chef des Greutungen de Scythie, il succède à son père .

Famille

Mariage et enfants
De son union avec une femme inconnue (fille du roi Gébéric selon certaines sources), il eut :
 .

Ascendance

Annexes

Bibliographie
  Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth, Arne Søby Christensen, Copenhague, Museum Tusculanum Press (2002) .
  Sidelights on Teutonic History During the Migration Period, M. G. Clarke, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2013) .
  The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe, Hyun Jin Kim, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2013) .
  The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire,  AD 260-395, J. R. Martindale & A. H. M. Jones, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (1971).

Notes et références

Naissance en Ukraine
Date de naissance incertaine (IVe siècle)
Décès en 371
Décès en Ukraine
Roi des Ostrogoths
Noblesse ostrogothe
Antiquité tardive
Amales

Vultulf


La Juventud ist eine spanischsprachige, uruguayische, landesweit vertriebene Tageszeitung aus Montevideo.

Die Zeitung wurde am 1. März 1984 gegründet und erschien zunächst als Wochenzeitung. Seit dem 14. Juli 1992 ist La Juventud als Tageszeitung konzipiert. Die marxistisch-leninistisch und antiimperialistisch geprägte, sowie dem Artiguismo verbundene Zeitung, ist offizielles Presseorgan der ehemals zeitweise der Frente Amplio angehörenden Partei Movimiento 26 de Marzo (auf deutsch: Bewegung 26. März). Slogan der Publikation ist Por la Liberación Nacional y el Socialismo. Als Direktor von La Juventud fungiert der dem nationalen Führungsgremium des Movimiento 26 de Marzo angehörende Guillermo Fernández. Die Funktion des Chefredakteurs hat José L. Borges inne. Diese Aufgabenverteilung existiert mindestens seit dem Jahr 2007 und besteht auch im Jahre 2012 fort. Der Sitz befindet sich in der Avenida 18 de Julio 1357/202 in Montevideo.

Weblinks
 www.diariolajuventud.com.uy (spanisch)

Einzelnachweise

Zeitung (Uruguay)
Spanischsprachige Tageszeitung
Medien (Montevideo)
Ersterscheinung 1984

La Juventud


Achatinidae (New Latin, from Greek "agate") is a family of medium to large sized tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks from Africa.

Well known species include Achatina achatina the Giant African Snail, and Lissachatina fulica the Giant East African Snail.

As of 2022, there were 105 genera recognized within the family Achatinidae.

Description
In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).

Distribution
The native distribution of Achatinidae is Africa south of the Sahara.

Taxonomy
As of 2022, the family Achatinidae contains the following subfamilies:
 Achatininae Swainson, 1840synonyms: Urceidae Chaper, 1884; Ampullidae Winckworth, 1945
 Coeliaxinae Pilsbry, 1907
 Cryptelasminae Germain, 1916
 Glessulinae Godwin-Austin, 1920
 Opeatinae Thiele, 1931
 Petriolinae Schileyko, 1999
 Pyrgininae Germain, 1916
 Rishetiinae Schileyko, 1999
 Rumininae Wenz, 1923
 Stenogyrinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
 Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
 Thyrophorellinae Girard, 1895

Genera

The following genera are recognised in the family Achatinidae:

Achatininae
 Achatina Lamarck, 1799type genus of the family Achatinidae
 Archachatina Albers, 1850
 Atopocochlis Crosse & P. Fischer, 1888
 Bequaertina Mead, 1994
 Brownisca Mead, 2004
 Bruggenina Mead, 2004
 Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889
 Callistoplepa Ancey, 1888
 Cochlitoma Férussac, 1821
 Columna Perry, 1811
 Leptocala Ancey, 1888
 Leptocalina Bequaert, 1950
 Leptocallista Pilsbry, 1904
 Lignus Gray, 1834
 Limicolaria Schumacher, 1817
 Limicolariopsis d'Ailly, 1910
 Lissachatina Bequaert, 1950
 Metachatina Pilsbry, 1904
 Pseudachatina Albers, 1850

Coeliaxinae
 Balfouria Crosse, 1884
 Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865
 Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907
 Nannobeliscus Weyrauch, 1967
 Neosubulina Smith, 1898
 Riebeckia von Martens, 1883

Cryptelasminae
 Cryptelasmus Pilsbry, 1907
 Thomea Girard, 1893

Glessulinae
 Glessula Martens, 1860

Opeatinae
 Eremopeas Pilsbry, 1906
 Opeas Albers, 1850

Petriolinae
 Aporachis  D. T. Holyoak, 2020
 Bocageia Girard, 1893
 Ceras Dupuis & Putzeys, 1901
 Chilonopsis Fischer de Waldheim, 1848
 Cleostyla Dall, 1896
 Comoropeas Pilsbry, 1906
 Dictyoglessula Pilsbry, 1919
 Homorus Albers, 1850
 Ischnoglessula Pilsbry, 1919
 Itiopiana Preston, 1910
 Kempioconcha Preston, 1913
 Liobocageia Pilsbry, 1919
 Mabilliella Ancey, 1886
 Nothapalinus Connolly, 1923
 Nothapalus von Martens, 1897
 Oleata Ortiz de Zarate, 1959
 Oreohomorus Pilsbry, 1919
 Petriola Dall, 1905
 Subuliniscus Pilsbry, 1919
 Subulona Martens, 1889

Pyrgininae
 Pseudobalea Shuttleworth, 1854
 Pyrgina Greef, 1882

Rishetiinae
 Bacillum Theobald, 1840
 Eutomopeas Pilsbry, 1946
 Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920
 Tortaxis Pilsbry, 1906

Rumininae
 Krapfiella Preston, 1911
 Lubricetta Haas, 1928
 Namibiella Zilch, 1954
 Rumina Risso, 1826
 Xerocerastus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1902

Stenogyrinae
 Chryserpes Pilsbry, 1906
 Cupulella Aguayo & Jaume, 1948
 †Cylindrogyra Repelin, 1902
 Dolicholestes Pilsbry, 1906
 Lyobasis Pilsbry, 1903
 Neobeliscus Pilsbry, 1896
 †Nisopsis Matheron, 1888
 Obeliscus Beck, 1837
 Ochroderma Ancey, 1885
 Ochrodermatina Thiele, 1931
 Ochrodermella Pilsbry, 1907
 Plicaxis Sykes, 1903
 Promoussonius Pilsbry, 1906
 Protobeliscus Pilsbry, 1906
 Rhodea Adams & Adams, 1855
 Stenogyra Shuttleworth, 1854
 Synapterpes Pilsbry, 1896
 Zoniferella Pilsbry, 1906

Subulininae
 Allopeas H. B. Baker, 1935
 Beckianum Baker, 1961
 Curvella Chaper, 1885
 Dysopeas Baker, 1927
 Euonyma Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896
 Fortuna Schlickum & Strauch, 1972
 Hypolysia Melvill & Ponsonby, 1901
 Lamellaxis Strebel & Pfeffer, 1882
 Lavajatus Simone, 2018
 Leptinaria Beck, 1837
 Leptopeas Baker, 1927
 Micropeas Connolly, 1923
 Neoglessula Pilsbry, 1909
 †Opetiopsis S.-Y. Guo, 1983
 Paropeas Pilsbry, 1906
 Pelatrinia Pilsbry, 1907
 Prosopeas Mörch, 1876
 Pseudoglessula Boettger, 1892
 Pseudopeas Putzeys, 1899
 Striosubulina Thiele, 1933
 Subulina Beck, 1837
 Vegrandinia Salvador, Cunha & Simone, 2013
 Zootecus Westerlund, 1887

Thyrophorellinae
 Thyrophorella Greeff, 1882

Other subfamilies
 †Arabicolaria Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2016
 †Pacaudiella Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2016

References

External links

 Achatinidae
 Extensive information on Achatina and Archachatina in captivity with a helpful forum.
 US Dept of Agriculture

Extant Pleistocene first appearances
Gastropod families

Achatinidae


An Sudamerlycaste fimbriata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Eduard Friedrich Poeppig ngan Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Fredy Archila. An Sudamerlycaste fimbriata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sudamerlycaste, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Sudamerlycaste

Sudamerlycaste fimbriata


Octavian Morariu () este un fost jucător de rugby român, care a devenit conducător sportiv. Este membru al Comitetului Internațional Olimpic și președintele al Rugby Europe.

Carieră
Este fiul rugbistului Viorel Morariu și al vicecampioanei mondiale la volei Cornelia Timoșanu. S-a apucat de rugby la vârsta de 8 ani. Când avea 16 ani s-a legitimat la RC Grivița Roșie. Și-a făcut debutul la echipa națională a României într-o partidă de Campionatul FIRA în decembrie 1984. De-a lungul carierei a strâns cinci selecții cu "Stejarii". În anul 1986 a absolvit ca inginer constructor Facultatea de Căi Ferate, Drumuri și Poduri din Institutul de Construcții din București.

În 1987 a devenit primul român invitat să joace pentru echipa internațională Barbarians. După un turneu a ales să rămâne în Franța, unde a obținut azil politic. A fost angajat la o firmă de construcții. În paralel, a jucat pentru clubul ASPTT Paris Rugby, care evolua în prima divizie a campionatului național. S-a căsătorit cu o franțuzoaică de origine română, Dana Patrichi, și a dobândit cetățenia franceză. De la 1991 până la 1993 a fost antrenor la echipa de rugby a clubului Paris Saint-Germain.

S-a întors în România după Revoluția Română din 1989. În anul 2001 a fost ales președintele Federației Române de Rugby. În anul următor, a fost numit președintele  Agenției Naționale pentru Sport (ANS), cu rang de secretar de stat. În anul 2004 a preluat președinția al Comitetului Olimpic și Sportiv Roman, fiind reales în 2008 și în 2013. În anul respectiv, a devenit primul președinte al Rugby Europe, fosta Federația Internațională de Rugby Amator-Asociația Europeană de Rugby, și a fost ales membru Comitetului Internațional Olimpic.

Distincții
 cavaler al Ordinului Național de Merit (2015)

Referințe

Legături externe
  Prezentare la Comitetul Olimpic Internațional

Rugbiști români
Bucureșteni
Români reîntorși în România
Români expatriați în Franța
Oficialități sportive
Absolvenți ai Universității Tehnice de Construcții din București
Morariu
Cavaleri ai Ordre national du Mérite

Octavian Morariu


Cinecanal is a Latin American pan-regional cable television channel launched on April 1, 1993. It is owned by a group of Hollywood studios and Latin American cable companies. It is owned by the Fox Networks Group, a subsidiary of Disney International Operations, which is itself a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company.

History
The channel is dedicated to films. It began on 1 April 1993.

On November 27, 2020, Disney announced that it would rename the Fox channels in Latin America to Star on 22 February 2021. This change will not affect FX, National Geographic, FXM, Cinecanal or Fox Sports Channels.

In early April 2022, Cinecanal was launched in Brazil, as a replacement for Star Life, which shut down across the region.

References

Movie channels
Latin American cable television networks
Spanish-language television stations
The Walt Disney Company Latin America

Cinecanal


HMS Hasty was an H-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during the mid-1930s. She was assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet until the beginning of World War II. The ship transferred to Freetown, Sierra Leone, in October 1939 to hunt for German commerce raiders in the South Atlantic with Force K. Hasty returned to the British Isles in early 1940 and covered the evacuation of Allied troops from Namsos in early May 1940 during the Norwegian Campaign. She was transferred back to the Mediterranean Fleet shortly afterwards and participated in the Battle of Calabria and the Battle of Cape Spada in July 1940. The ship took part in the Battle of Cape Matapan in March and evacuated British and Australian troops from both Greece and Crete in April and May. In June, Hasty participated in the Syria-Lebanon Campaign and was escorting convoys and the larger ships of the Mediterranean Fleet for the next year. During the Second Battle of Sirte in March 1942 she defended a convoy from an Italian battleship and several cruisers. While covering another convoy from Alexandria to Malta in June 1942 during Operation Vigorous, Hasty was torpedoed by a German motor torpedo boat and was so badly damaged that she had to be scuttled.

Description
Hasty displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. The ship had an overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . She was powered by Parsons geared steam turbines, driving two shafts, which developed a total of  and gave a maximum speed of . Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3-drum water-tube boilers. Hasty carried a maximum of  of fuel oil that gave her a range of  at . The ship's complement was 137 officers and men in peacetime, but this increased to 146 in wartime.

The ship mounted four 45-calibre 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mark IX guns in single mounts. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, Hasty had two quadruple Mark I mounts for the 0.5 inch Vickers Mark III machine gun. She was fitted with two above-water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for  torpedoes. One depth charge rail and two throwers were fitted; 20 depth charges were originally carried, but this increased to 35 shortly after the war began.

Beginning in mid-1940, the ship's anti-aircraft armament was increased, although when exactly the modifications were made is not known. The rear set of torpedo tubes was replaced by a  AA gun and the quadruple .50-calibre Vickers mounts were replaced by  Oerlikon autocannon. Two more Oerlikon guns were also added in the forward superstructure.

Service
Hasty was laid down by William Denny and Brothers, of Dumbarton in Scotland on 15 April 1935, launched on 5 May 1936 and completed on 11 November 1936. Excluding government-furnished equipment like the armament, the ship cost £248,611. She was assigned to the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla of the Mediterranean Fleet upon commissioning. Hasty was refitted in Devonport Dockyard in June–July 1939 and she returned to the Mediterranean afterwards.

Hasty escorted convoys between Port Said, Egypt and Gibraltar immediately after World War II began in September. In October the ship was transferred to Freetown to hunt for German commerce raiders in the South Atlantic with Force K. The ship and her sisters, , , and , rendezvoused with the battlecruiser , the aircraft carrier , and the light cruiser  on 17 December. They refuelled in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, before proceeding to the estuary of the River Plate in case the damaged German pocket battleship  attempted to escape from Montevideo, Uruguay, where she had taken refuge after losing the Battle of the River Plate. Hasty was ordered to the UK in January 1940 to refit and captured the German blockade runner SS Morea in the North Atlantic on 12 February en route.

The ship was assigned to the Home Fleet after completing her refit in March. Together with the destroyer , Hasty escorted the destroyer  into Newcastle upon Tyne on 19–20 March after the latter ship had collided with a Swedish merchant ship in the North Sea. Weather damage prevented the ship from participating in the early stages of the Norwegian Campaign, but she escorted the aircraft carriers  and Ark Royal from 21 April as their aircraft attacked German targets in Norway. Hasty was one of Gloriouss escorts when the carrier returned to Scapa Flow to refuel on 27 April. Two days later, the ship escorted the convoy that evacuated British and French troops from Namsos in early May.

Hasty and the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla were ordered to the Mediterranean on 16 May, and the ship escorted the  and three British cruisers as they bombarded Bardia during the night of 20/21 June. On 9 July Hasty participated in the Battle of Calabria as an escort for the heavy ships of Force C and unsuccessfully engaged Italian destroyers and suffered no damage. During the Battle of Cape Spada on 19 July, the ship escorted Australian light cruiser  and rescued some 525 survivors from the  together with the other escorting destroyers. Hasty and her sister  sank the  on 2 October off the coast of Egypt and rescued 47 survivors between them. The ship escorted the carrier  during the Battle of Taranto on the night of 11/12 November. During the bombardment of Valona, Albania, on the night of 18/19 December, Hasty escorted the battleships  and .

The ship participated in Operation Excess in January 1941, during which she escorted a convoy and then escorted the battleship  from Souda Bay, Crete, to Alexandria. In late February, the ship evacuated British commandos from the island of Kastelorizo, off the coast of Turkey, in the Italian Dodecanese. The commandos had defeated the small garrison in Operation Abstention, but the Italians were able to land troops on the island over the next several days and overwhelm the British forces. During the Battle of Cape Matapan on 28/29 March, Hasty escorted the four light cruisers of Force B, but was not seriously engaged during the battle. On 15 April the ship and the light cruiser  bombarded Italian positions between Bardia and Fort Capuzzo. In mid-April she escorted the fast transport  and three battleships from Alexandria to Malta, before going on to escort the battleships as they bombarded Tripoli on 20 April. After refuelling in Alexandria on 23 April, Hasty sailed for Greece to begin evacuating British and Australian troops from the beaches. On 8 May, the ship again escorted the capital ships of the Mediterranean Fleet as they covered another convoy from Alexandria to Malta. Hasty escorted the light cruisers  and  as they intercepted a German convoy attempting to land troops on Crete during the night of 21/22 May. The ship evacuated British and Commonwealth troops from Crete in late May.

Hasty bombarded Vichy French positions in Lebanon on 4 July during the Syria-Lebanon Campaign, and then spent most of the rest of the year escorting convoys to Tobruk. On 25 November she was escorting the capital ships of the Mediterranean Fleet when the battleship Barham was torpedoed and sunk by . While escorting a convoy, Hasty and her sister, , sank  on 23 December north of Sollum. In January 1942, the ship escorted Convoys MF.3 and MF.4 from Alexandria to Malta, but was switched to the covering force for Convoy MF.5 in mid-February. She was transferred to the 22nd Destroyer Flotilla on 24 February Hasty was escorting the merchants ships of Convoy MW.10 when the Second Battle of Sirte began on 22 March, but defended the convoy against the  and three cruisers by threatening torpedo attacks from under the cover of a severe storm and a smoke screen. Hasty was torpedoed by the German E-Boat S-55 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Horst Weber as she covered a large convoy to Malta during Operation Vigorous, killing 13 men. The torpedo blew off most of the bow structure and both boiler rooms started to flood. Hotspur took off her crew and scuttled her with a torpedo during the morning of 15 June 1942.

Notes

Footnotes

References

G and H-class destroyers of the Royal Navy
Ships built on the River Clyde
1936 ships
World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom
World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea
Maritime incidents in June 1942

HMS Hasty (H24)


Hipotipoza este o figură de stil care sugerează prin intermediul epitetelor și al comparației imagini vizuale foarte vii.

Prin hipotipoză, lucrurile sunt descrise de parcă s-ar afla actual în fața privirilor naratorului.

Definiții
Pierre Fontanier, fondatorul retoricii moderne, o definește astfel:
"Hipotipoza zugrăvește lucrurile într-un mod atât de viu și de energic, încât ni le expune, într-un fel, privirii și face dintr-o povestire sau o descriere, o imagine, un tablou sau chiar o scenă animată."

În "Structurile antropologice ale imaginarului" Gilbert Durand definește "felul în care structurile sintetice ale imaginației delimitează stilul hipotipozei. Repetarea imaginilor, și prin aceasta chiar reversibilitatea timpului, spulberă însuși conceptul de timp (...) hipotipoza, care prezentifică faptele trecute sau viitoare, e o figură de retorică ce traduce în sintaxă puterea fantastică a memoriei".

Referințe

Figuri de stil

Hipotipoză


Christopher Richard Pond (born 25 September 1952) is a former Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.  He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Gravesham in Kent, from 1997 to 2005.

Early life
He went to the Minchenden School (became comprehensive in 1967, and was merged into the Broomfield School in 1984) in Southgate, London. At the University of Sussex, he gained a BA in economics in 1974.

From 1974 to 1975, he was a research assistant in Economics at Birkbeck College. From 1975 to 1979, he was a research officer at the Low Pay Unit,  and subsequently became its Director, taking over from Frank Field. He lectured in economics at the Civil Service College (now called the National School of Government) from 1979 to 1980. From 1981 to 1982, he was a visiting lecturer in economics at the University of Kent. At the University of Surrey, he was a visiting professor from 1984-6a role he subsequently took on at Middlesex University. He was a consultant for the Open University from 1987 to 1988, and 1991–2.

Parliamentary career
At the 1987 general election, Pond unsuccessfully contested the Welwyn Hatfield constituency.

He won the Gravesham seat at the 1997 general election, beating the sitting Conservative Party MP, Jacques Arnold.  He was re-elected at the 2001 general election, and served as a member of the Social Security Select Committee, Parliamentary Private Secretary in the Treasury and then minister in the Department for Work and Pensions.

Pond introduced a Private Members Bill, the Employment of Children Bill in 1998, which subsequently led to greater protection for children at work.  He successfully campaigned with the Marchioness Action Group for a Public Inquiry into the sinking of the Marchioness, for greater safety measures and for the introduction of lifeboats on the Thames.  At the May 2005 general election, he lost his seat in Parliament to the Conservative Party candidate, Adam Holloway, who secured a majority of 654.

In February 2005, Pond was arrested by the police after an alleged incident of criminal damage.  He had removed a sign illegally threatening to clamp his heavily pregnant wife's car and placed it on the door of a neighbour who he believed had been responsible, leaving traces of glue. After the decision whether to prosecute him was referred to the Director of Public Prosecutions and to the Attorney General, Lord Goldsmith, Pond received a police caution.

After being defeated in the 2005 election, Pond was appointed as Chief Executive of The National Council for One Parent Families, which subsequently merged to become Gingerbread. In 2007 he became Director of Financial Capability at the Financial Services Authority. where he led the establishment of the Money Advice Service, becoming its interim CEO before leaving the FSA in 2012.  Between 2005 and 2009, he was Chair of Capacitybuilders, a Home Office and then Cabinet Office sponsored funding agency for charities and social enterprises.  Between 2009 and 2013, he was an independent member of the HMRC Ethics and Responsibility Committee. He was also a Trustee of the End Child Poverty Campaign and of the National Family and Parenting Institute, which subsequently became the Family and Childcare Trust.  On leaving the FSA, he was appointed as a Partner and Head of UK Public Affairs for Kreab, an international communications agency, which he left in December 2016.

He is now Chairman of the Lending Standards Board (a body established to promote good practice in lending to consumers and small businesses) and of the Equity Release Council Standards Board.  He also serves as vice-chair of the independent Financial Inclusion Commission, which he helped establish in 2014.  He also serves as Chair of The Money Charity and of the Caxton Foundation (a Department of Health-funded charity to provide support for those infected with Hepatitis-C following NHS treatment) and is an independent director of Cape Claims Services, an asbestos compensation scheme which has paid out over £30 million in compensation in its 10 years of existence.  He is trustee of GambleAware and Z2K, a charity established to combat poverty and inequality in London.  He is also a member of the Treasury Fintech Delivery Panel.

Personal life

He married Carole Tongue in 1990. They have one daughter, but divorced in 1999. He is now married to Lorraine (former councillor and mayor of Tower Hamlets).  They have a daughter aged 17 and a son aged 14.

Chris has run 19 marathons, eleven of them in London, raising thousands for charity.  He ran the London Marathon again in April 2009 in support of Gingerbread (the charity for lone parents), Macmillan Cancer Care and United Response (the learning disability and mental health charity) and in 2011 in support of Prostate Cancer UK.

Notes

External links

Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
Alumni of the University of Sussex
People associated with the Open University
1952 births
Living people

Chris Pond


Achille Juneau est un médecin et un homme politique canadien du Québec. Il fut maire de la ville de Noranda de 1967 à 1978.

Biographie
Il est né le  à Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade et décédé le  à Rouyn-Noranda au Québec. Il est le cinquième d'une famille de neuf enfants de parents cultivateurs à Sainte-Anne-de-la Pérade. Son père, Paul, fut maire de l'endroit pendant dix-sept ans et fut aussi un ami et organisateur politique du député Maurice Bellemare dans le comté de Champlain, au Québec.

Il épouse Janine Godin, le 15 juin 1957 à l'église de Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade. Ils auront 5 enfants : Marc, Pierre, Yves, Sylvie et Louis.

Médecin

En 1957, il obtient un doctorat en médecine à l'Université Laval. Par choix, il s'établit à Rouyn-Noranda, en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, pour y pratiquer la médecine générale. Il y a réalisé plus de 4 300 accouchements de 1957 à 1980 et presque tout au long de sa carrière, il a fait des visites à domicile. Il a aussi été médecin à la Maison Pie XII, au Pavillon Youville et au Bel Âge.

Carrière politique
En 1967, à la veille des élections municipales, Achille Juneau, critiquant ouvertement l'administration en place, surprend tout le monde en décidant de se présenter à la mairie de Noranda. Il remporte l'élection à la mairie avec 404 voix de majorité et sera réélu en 1974 pour un second terme jusqu'en 1978.

Maire progressiste, il insuffle un dynamisme démocratique au sein du conseil de ville et établit un climat de confiance envers les employés. Le bilan de ses onze années à la mairie est imposant : La francisation de l'administration de la ville de Noranda qui était uniquement anglophone depuis 40 ans, la favorisation de l'engagement de firmes locales, comme par exemple, pour la vérification externe qui était faite à Toronto depuis les débuts de la ville, l'obtention et la réalisation des Jeux du Québec en 1973, la réalisation du parc Mouska, le développement du quartier Noranda-Nord, la construction du viaduc sur la rue Murdoch, la construction du boulevard Saguenay, le développement du parc industriel à Noranda, le développement du centre d'achat Place Rouanda, le rachat par la ville pour 1 $ à Minéraux Noranda de l'aréna Dave-Keon, le terrain de tennis, le club de golf Noranda et la piscine extérieure, sans oublier le développement du Centre hospitalier de Rouyn-Noranda en 1972.

Il a toujours été intéressé par la vie politique, sociale et le développement de son milieu. Il a été président du club de golf Noranda en 1983, président de l'Association libérale du comté, président régional de la Fondation du cœur et de la Fondation de la sclérose en plaques, membre du club Richelieu de 1967 à 1984, président du Conseil des médecins et dentistes de Rouyn-Noranda, président du conseil d'administration de Centre hospitalier de Rouyn-Noranda et du conseil d'administration de la Maison Pie XII, membre de la Chambre de commerce de Rouyn-Noranda et membre du comité du non lors du Référendum sur l'avenir du Québec en 1980.

Dans le début des années 1980, il a été à la Direction des services professionnels au Centre hospitalier de Rouyn-Noranda. À ce titre, il a vécu une grève des médecins au printemps 1981 et il a été le précurseur pour l'adoption de la Loi pour le recrutement et la rétention des médecins en région éloignée incluant une majoration des tarifs à 135 %.

En 1981, son implication au niveau municipal l'amène à la présidence du comité du oui pour la fusion des villes de Rouyn et de Noranda. Des débats passionnés marque la population des deux villes autour de ce dossier. Finalement, le conseil municipal de Noranda surprend tout le monde en mettant sur pied un référendum invitant seulement la population de Noranda à se prononcer sur son affiliation avec Rouyn. Le 3 mai 1981, le non l'emporte par 51 voix (1135, non et 1084, oui).

En 1985, le Gouvernement du Québec vote la loi 190 autorisant un référendum dans les deux villes et un décret est publié pour fixer les conditions administratives et financières de la fusion. Pour ce deuxième référendum qui se tiendra en 1986, Achille Juneau fait partie du Comité pour la défense des intérêts de Rouyn-Noranda et il fera  des interventions en faveur de la fusion des villes jusqu'en commission parlementaire à Québec. Le vote aura lieu, le 23 mars 1986 et les citoyens des deux villes votèrent majoritairement en faveur du oui. La loi 190 a été adoptée à l'Assemblée nationale, le 20 juin 1985.

Depuis 2007, la Société Alzheimer Rouyn-Noranda/Témiscamingue organise chaque année la Marche Dr Achille Juneau. Cette activité vise à amasser des dons pour répondre aux besoins de l'organisme.

Hommages

 1977: Médaillé du jubilé d'argent de la reine Elizabeth II.
 1978: Personnalité de novembre à la Chambre de commerce de Rouyn-Noranda.
 2016: L'ancien hôtel de ville de Noranda devient l'édifice Achille-Juneau.

Références

Liens externes

Maire au Québec
Médecin québécois
Étudiant de l'Université Laval
Naissance en avril 1931
Décès en novembre 2008
Décès à Rouyn-Noranda
Décès à 77 ans

Achille Juneau


Echipa de Cupa Davis a Ucrainei reprezintă Ucraina în competiția de tenis Cupa Davis. Echipa este guvernată de Federația Ucraineană de Tenis.

Istorie
Ucraina a concurat în Cupa Davis pentru prima oară în 1993. Echipa a ajuns cel mai departe în play-offurile din 2009, 2013 și 2014. În 2009 și 2014 au fost bătuți cu 2:3 de Belgia și în 2013 cu 0:5 de Spania.

Cel mai bun jucător al echipei a fost Sergiy Stakhovsky cu 36 de victorii.

În prezent, Ucraina concurează în grupa întăi a Zonei Europa/Africa.

Echipa curentă (2017)

Vezi și
 Cupa Davis

Echipe de Cupa Davis
Echipe naționale de sport ale Ucrainei
Tenis în Ucraina
Fondări în 1993

Echipa de Cupa Davis a Ucrainei