The Bower Manuscript is a collection of seven fragmentary Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit treatises found buried in a Buddhist memorial stupa near Kucha, northwestern China. Written in early Gupta script (late Brahmi script) on birch bark, it is variously dated in 5th to early 6th century. The Bower manuscript includes the oldest dated fragments of an Indian medical text, the Navanitaka.

The seven treatises included in the collection three on Ayurvedic medicine, two on divination by dice, and two on incantations (Dharani) against snake bites. The collection had at least four scribes, of which three were likely Buddhists because the second, the sixth and the seventh treatises open by invoking the Buddha and other Buddhist deities. Two invoke Shiva, Vishnu, Devi, and other Hindu deities. The discovery of the manuscript in remote China near Central Asian region is considered evidence of the spread and sharing of ideas in ancient times between India, China and Central Asia. It also contains excerpts of the Bheda Samhita, a medical text whose damaged manuscript is in Tanjavur, Tamil Nadu. The medical fragments of the Bower manuscript have much in common with other ancient Sanskrit medical treatises such as those by Caraka, Ravigupta, Vagbhata and Kashyapa.

The manuscript is named after Hamilton Bower – a British Lieutenant, who bought the manuscript in March, 1890 while on a mission to chase an assassin charged with hacking  Andrew Dalgleish to death. The fragmentary manuscript was analyzed, edited, translated and published by Calcutta-based Rudolf Hoernle. The Bower Manuscript is preserved in the collections of the Bodleian Library in Oxford.

Discovery and edition

The Bower Manuscript is named after its accidental purchaser Hamilton Bower, a British Army Lieutenant. The story begins with the brutal murder of Andrew Dalgliesh, a Scotsman camping in the Karakoram mountains, north of Kashmir. He was hacked to death inside his tent by an Afghan named Dad Mahomed. The British government wanted to bring Mahomed to justice, and therefore sent Hamilton Bower with some troops to go after the killer, states Wujastyk. Mahomed learned about the effort and escaped. Bower, in the chase, followed Mahomed through the Himalayan valleys into the Takla Makan desert. Bower arrived near Kucha (Xinjiang) in early March 1890 and set his camp. On the night of 2 or 3 March, a man came to his tent and offered to sell him old manuscripts and artifacts that his treasure hunters had found. Bower bought them.

Bower took the manuscripts with him when he returned to Simla and forwarded it to Colonel James Waterhouse, the then President of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Waterhouse reported the manuscript at the monthly meeting of the Society on 5 November 1890, whose proceedings were widely distributed. At the meeting, he stated that Bower visited the site where the manuscript was found, and referred to the stupa as something that looked like a huge "cottage loaf" near the "Ming–oi" Buddhist monastery ruins, 16 miles from Kucha near the banks of a river. Waterhouse mentioned that the Bower manuscript had 56 leaves (the edition now preserved at Bodleian Library has 51 leaves). He reported that the Bower manuscript was bound with two wooden boards on either end and a string running through a hole. He had sought the help of Babu Sarat Chandra Das and Lama Phuntshog to decipher the manuscript. Neither was able to read the script and said it must be "very ancient", according to Waterhouse.

The Waterhouse report was reprinted in Bombay Gazette, where Hoernle learned about it and became very eager to study it. After the meeting, in parallel, some attempts were made to decipher the manuscript, but they proved unsuccessful. German Indologist Georg Buhler succeeded in reading and translating two leaves of the manuscript, reproduced in the form of heliogravures in the Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

Immediately after his return to India in February 1891, Hoernle began to study the manuscript. He found that the manuscript leaves were jumbled out of sequence, but had the page numbers marked on the left. After re-arranging them, he concluded that it was an abridged collection of several different treatises. He presented the first decipherment two months later, at the meeting of the Society in April 1891, with evidence that it was "the oldest Indian written book that is known to exist". Between 1893 and 1897 Hoernle published a  complete edition of the text, featuring an annotated English translation and illustrated facsimile plates. A Sanskrit Index was published in 1908, and a revised translation of the medical portions (I, II, and III) in 1909; the Introduction appeared in 1912.

Description and dating
The 'Bower Manuscript' is a collation of seven treatise manuscripts, compiled into a larger group and another a smaller one. The larger manuscript is a fragmentary convolute of six treatises (Part I, II, III, IV, V and VII), which are separately paginated, with each leaf approximately 29 square inches (11.5 inch x 2.5 inch). Part VI is written on smaller folio leaves, both in length and breadth, with each leaf approximately 18 square inches (9 inch x 2 inch). The larger group and the smaller set likely came from different trees or region. The scribes wrote on both sides of the leaves but did not use both sides when the leaf was very thin. These seven constituent manuscripts are numbered as Parts I to VII in Hoernle's edition.

The Bower manuscript, as discovered, had 56 birch bark leaves, cut into oblong palmyra shape (rectangular strips with rounded corners). This is the form commonly found in numerous ancient and medieval Indian manuscript books (pothī). The pages are bound in Indian style, with each leaf containing a hole about the middle of the left side, for the passage of the binding string. The undamaged leaves of the Bower manuscript are numbered on the left edge of the reverse side, a tradition found in ancient pothi manuscripts in north India, in contrast to the historic south Indian tradition of numbering the obverse side in manuscripts. This suggests that the Bower manuscript scribes were trained in the north Indian tradition.

The seven parts of the manuscript are written in an essentially identical script, the Gupta script (late Brahmi) found in north, northwest and western regions of ancient India. Early attempts to date the text placed it around 5th-century, largely on palaeographic grounds. Hoernle determined that the manuscript belonged to the 4th or 5th–century because the script used matched with dated inscriptions and other texts of that period in the north and northwest India. He also compared the style and script for numerals – particularly zero and position value – and the page numbering style in the manuscript with those found in Indian inscriptions and manuscripts. By combining such evidence with palaeographic evidence therein, he concluded that the Bower manuscript could not be dated in or after the second half of the 6th century. Hoernle remarked that at least some treatises of the manuscript "must fall somewhere within that period [470 and 530 CE], that is, about 500 CE."

Winand M. Callewaert dates it to c. 450 CE. According to a 1986 analysis by Lore Sander, the Bower manuscript is best dated between 500 and 550 CE.

Scribes
The fragmentary treatises are copies of much older Indian texts authored by unknown scholars. These treatises were prepared by scribes, buried in a stupa built at some point to honor the memory of a Buddhist monk or some other regional influential person. Hoernle distinguished four scribes, based on their handwriting, subtle font and style differences. One scribe wrote Parts I, II and III; second wrote Part IV; third wrote Parts V and VII; while a fourth wrote Part VI. He added that there may have been more than four scribes, because Part VI has some scribal differences, while V and VII too seems cursive and careless work of possibly more than one person.

Based on the handwriting and fonts prevalent in the inscriptions discovered in India from that era, Hoernle suggested the first scribe who wrote Parts I through III likely grew up and came from Kashmir or Udyana (North India) to Kucha (China) because his writing shows early Sarada script influences. Part VI, and possibly V and VII were written by scribe(s) who may have come to China from a region that is now the central India to Andhra Pradesh, for similar reasons. The writer of part IV appears to have the style of someone used to "writing with a brush", and therefore may have been a local native or a Buddhist monk who came from interior China.

Contents
The text consists of seven separate and different treatises, of which first three are on medicine, next two on divination, and last two on magical incantations. The three medicinal treatises contain content that is also found in the ancient Indian text called the Caraka Samhita. Treatises I to III are the medical treatises of the collection and contain 1,323 verses and some prose. The metrical writing suggests that the scribe of the three medical treatises was well versed in Sanskrit composition. The scribe of divination and incantation sections (Treatises IV-VII) was not conversant with classical Sanskrit, made grammatical errors and used a few Prakrit words.

The manuscript is mostly in the Shloka verse style – a Vedic anuṣṭubh poetic meter (exceptions are found in Part I of the collection). The Bower Manuscript is written in the Gupta script – a type of late Brahmi script.

Medical treatises

Part I has 5 leaves, and the incomplete treatise ends abruptly. It is a fragment of a treatise on garlic, it medicinal properties and recipes, its use for eye diseases. It opens with a flowery description of the Himalayas, where a group of rishis reside, interested in the names and properties of medicinal plants. It mentions Hindu sages such as Ātreya, Hārīta, Parāśara, Bhela, Garga, Śāmbavya, Suśruta, Vasiṣṭha, Karāla, and Kāpya. Suśruta, whose curiosity is aroused by a particular plant, approaches muni Kāśirāja, enquiring about the nature of this plant. Kāśīrāja, granting his request, tells him about the origin of the plant, which proves to be garlic (Sanskrit laśuna), its properties and uses. The section on garlic consists of 43 verses in poetic meter. This section also mentions the ancient Indian tradition of "garlic festival", as well as a mention of sage Sushruta in Benares (Varanasi). This is the part where the initial 43 verses are in eighteen different, uncommon meters (Sanskrit prosody) such as the vasanta tilaka, trishtubh and arya, while the verses thereafter are in the shloka style. The verses credit the knowledge to past sages. Verse 9, for example, attributes the knowledge to Susruta, who received it from the sage king of Kashi.

Part II abruptly ends on the 33rd folio of the Bower manuscript. It is voluminous, relative to the other six treatises, and contains medical prescriptions sections on powder, medicated ghee (clarified butter), oil, elixirs, aphrodisiacs, decoctions, dyes and ointments. It opens with a salutation addressed to the Tathāgatas, contains, as stated by the scribe, the Navanītaka text (lit. "cream" text), a standard manual (siddhasaṃkarṣa). Then it states its intention to provide 16 chapters of prescriptions (but the surviving fragment only provides 14, ending abruptly). According to G.J. Meulenbeld, "an important peculiarity of the Bower MS consists of its varying attitude towards the number of the doṣas [humours]. In many instances, it accepts the traditional number of three, vāta, pitta, and kapha, but in a smaller number of passages it also appears to accept blood (rakta) as a doṣa."

Part III consists of 4 leaves and also ends abruptly on the obverse side of the folio (Part IV starts on reverse). It starts with the symbol Om as usual with the other treatises, and is a short treatise on 14 prescription formulary in a manner similar to Part II. It consists of 72 shlokas. It is a fragment whose contents correspond to chapters one to three of the Part II.

Divination treatises
Parts IV and V contain two short manuals of Pāśaka kevalī, or cubomancy, i.e., the art of foretelling a person's future by means of the cast of dice, a ritualistic practice found in Tibetan manuscripts. Part IV is almost complete, while the manual constituting Part V is markedly more fragmentary and defective. The dice is stated to be a group of three die, each with four faces (tetrahedron) numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4. When cast, it would yield one of 64 possible casts, of which 60 combinations are listed in Part IV (the missing 4 may be scribal error or lost; but those 4 are mentioned in later verses). Hoernle mentioned that Part V is similar to other Sanskrit manuscripts discovered in Gujarat, and like it, these parts of the Bower manuscript may be one of the several recensions of a more ancient common source on divinatory work. These are traditionally attributed to the ancient sage Garga, but maybe an influence of the Greek oracle tradition during the post-Alexander the Great period.

Dharani treatises
Parts VI and VII contain two different portions of the same text, the Mahāmāyurī, Vidyārājñī, a Buddhist dhāraṇī-genre incantations text. The Mayuri text, in later centuries, became a part of the Pancha-raksha magical incantations group – one of the highly popular dharani sets in Buddhist communities in and outside India. Part VI of the Bower manuscript contains charms against cobra bite, while Part VII is for protecting against other evils befalling a person. Both these parts are a small select portion of the actual Mayuri text, and tiny compared to the much larger dharani compilations. Part VI is complete, written on better quality birch and is the most well preserved treatise in the Bower manuscript. According to Watanabe, the verses of these treatises as found in folio 49 to 54 of the Bower manuscript completely correspond to those found in Mahamayurividya-rajni verses of the Chinese Tripitaka, in particular to the 705 CE translation by I-tsing, the 746–771 CE translation by Amoghavajra, and the 516 CE translation by Sanghapala. Their shared source may be Pali verses in the Mora Jataka, with interpolations by Mahayana Buddhists of that era. These parts of the Bower manuscript also contain the name Yashomitra, likely the votary or the influential person for whom the manuscript was prepared. According to Hoernle, Yashomitra may well have been a Buddhist monk of great repute, the one for whom the stupa was built, and in whose memory the manuscript was prepared and buried in the stupa mound.

Legacy
The discovery of the Bower Manuscript, its antiquity, and its decipherment by Hoernle triggered "enormous excitement" in the 1890s, states Wujastyk. Famous explorers were commissioned by some of the world's major powers of the era – such as Britain, Germany, Japan, France, Russia – to go on a Central Asia and Xinjiang expedition. They were to seek manuscripts and other ancient treasures. These expeditions yielded major discoveries such as the Dunhuang manuscripts, as well as famous forgeries such as those of Islam Akhun, in the decades that followed.

The European Union-funded International Dunhuang Project has continued the legacy of the Bower manuscript which in part inspired Rudolf Hornle to seek funds from the then Government of India to finance the first 1900–1901 expedition of Marc Aurel Stein.

References

Bibliography

Editions
 A. F. Rudolf Hoernle, The Bower manuscript; facsimile leaves, Nagari transcript, romanised transliteration and English translation with notes (Calcutta: Supt., Govt. Print., India, 1908-1912. reprinted New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan, 1987.
 Rudolf Hoernle,  Bower Manuscript Text and Translations, Part III to VII, 1897. (archive.org)
 Rudolf Hoernle, 1892 edition, Calcutta (indianculture.gov.in)

Further reading

 Description of the Bower Manuscript, The Indian Antiquary, Vol XLIII, 1914
 Dani, Ahmad Hasan.  Indian Palaeography.  (2nd edition New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1986).
 Review: The Bower Manuscript, ASI 1893–1912, F.E. Pargiter
 Peter Hopkirk, Foreign Devils on the Silk Road: The Search for the Lost Cities and Treasures of Chinese Central Asia (Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1980)
 Sander, Lore, "Origin and date of the Bower Manuscript, a new approach" in M. Yaldiz and W. Lobo (eds.), Investigating the Indian Arts (Berlin: Museum Fuer Indische Kunst, 1987).
Sims-Williams, Ursula, Rudolph Hoernle and Sir Aurel Stein.

Ayurvedic texts
History of medicine
Indian manuscripts
Ancient Indian medical works
Sanskrit texts

Bower Manuscript


An Cyperus karthikeyanii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Wad.Khan ngan Pakshirajan Lakshminarasimhan. An Cyperus karthikeyanii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyperus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cyperus

Cyperus karthikeyanii


Outeiro da Cabeça Portekiz'de Torres Vedras belediyesine bağlı olan, 7,02 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 932 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Torres Vedras

Outeiro da Cabeça


Wolffia globosa biljna vrsta u rodu sitne leće, najmanja cvjetnica na svijetu promjera 0,1-0,2 mm (0,004-0,008 inča).

Izvorno područje ove vrste je tropska i suptropska Azija. To je vodena jednogodišnja biljka i raste prvenstveno u sezonski suhim tropskim biomima. Koristi se kao hrana za životinje i ljude, i kao lijek . Popularan je proizvod u tajlandskoj kuhinji.

Sinonimi
 Grantia globosa (Roxb.) Griff. in Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 692 (1845)
 Lemna globosa Roxb. in Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 565 (1832)
 Telmatophace cylindracea Welw. ex Hegelm. in Lemnac.: 123 (1868)
 Wolffia schleidenii Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 3: 428 (1855)

Izvori

Lemnoideae

Wolffia globosa


Središte za razvoj vođa Marko Babić je središte za obuku dočasnika i časnika Hrvatske vojske u Udbini. Središte je svečano otvoreno 13. rujna 2019. u vojarni "Josip Jović" u Udbini, a cilj središta je razvijati visoko motivirane, obučene i kompetentne vođe na temeljnim razinama zapovijedanja. Središte je ustrojeno po modelu Središta gardijskog za specijalističku obuku dočasnika Damir Tomljanović Gavran koje je djelovalo u Šepurinama od 1994. do 2000. godine.

Povijest

U veljači 2019. godine objavljena je odluka MORH-a i GS HV da će u Udbini u vojarni Hrvatske vojske Josip Jović biti novo obučno središte za obuku dočasnika i časnika Hrvatske vojske, nazvano po Marku Babiću. Bit će ustrojeno po modelu Središta gardijskog za specijalističku obuku dočasnika Damir Tomljanović Gavran koje je djelovalo u Šepurinama od 1994. do 2000. godine. Početak rada Središta obilježit će se održavanjem prvog zajedničkog postroja polaznika i podizanjem stijega na svečanoj ceremoniji jeseni 2019. u Kninu.

Ime je dobilo po heroju Domovinskog rata, branitelju Vukovara, pukovniku Marku Babiću koji je bio zamjenik zapovjednika 3. bojne 204. vukovarske brigade, legendarnog zapovjednika obrane Borova naselja Blage Zadre. Nakon njegove pogibije, Marko Babić preuzeo je zapovijedanje bojnom. Babić i njegovi suborci uspješno su uništavali neprijateljske tenkove na Trpinjskoj cesti, poznatoj kao "Groblje tenkova" i uspjeli je obraniti od napada JNA do zadnjih dana Bitke za Vukovar.

Središte se osniva radi unaprjeđenja vođenja i zapovijedanja na nižim taktičkim razinama (vod/satnija) te tim putem stvaranja visoko motiviranih, obučenih i kompetentnih vođa te instruktora na početnim dočasničkim i časničkim dužnostima. Obuka je namijenjena dočasnicima obnašajućim dužnosti od razine vođe skupine, preko zapovjednika desetine do prvog dočasnika voda te časnicima razine zapovjednika voda.

Vojarna je izabrana zbog nekoliko razloga. Već se njome služe pripadnici Zapovjedništva za specijalne snage, zbog čega ima svu infrastrukturu za obuku i smještaj pripadnika središta i polaznika tečaja. Infrastruktura ima i dva kilometara dugu pistu na koju može sletjeti većina vojnih letjelica. Na izvrsnom je zemljopisnom položaju, dobro prometno povezana i blizu su ostale nastavno-vježbovne lokacije kao što su poligoni Slunj, Crvena zemlja kod Knina, Zemunik. Također je izboru pridonijelo idealno zemljište za provedbu zahtjevne obuke.

Središte je svečano otvoreno 13. rujna 2019. u vojarni "Josip Jović" u Udbini, čija je glavna namjena na temeljima iskustava iz Domovinskog rata i razvijenih standarda, a uvažavajući nove izazove i potrebe, ciljanom obukom razvijati visoko motivirane, obučene i kompetentne vođe na temeljnim razinama zapovijedanja.

Svečanosti su nazočili predsjednica Republike Hrvatske i vrhovna zapovjednica OS RH Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, potpredsjednik Vlade i ministar obrane Damir Krstičević, načelnik Glavnog stožera OS RH general zbora Mirko Šundov, posebni savjetnici ministra obrane umirovljeni general-pukovnik Ante Gotovina i Božo Kožul, obitelj Babić i Tomljanović te brojni drugi visoki vojni i civilni uzvanici. Uzvanike su pozdravili i bivši polaznici nekadašnjeg Središta gardijskog za specijalističku obuku dočasnika u Šepurinama.

Obuka prve generacije vođa svečano je završila 28. listopada 2019. u Kninu. Ukupno 43 novih vođa Hrvatske vojske uspješno je završilo šestotjednu obuku, čija je kruna bila hodnja iz vojarne u Udbini do Kninske tvrđave. U 32 sata hodajući kroz tri županije, odnosno 88 kilometara, pripadnici Hrvatske vojske još jednom su dokazali visoku razinu spremnosti, profesionalizma i obučenosti.

Dolaskom u kraljevski grad Knin ističu, podsjećaju i na svoje prethodnike i iskustva iz Domovinskog rata koja predstavljaju izvor snage i motivacije hrvatskim vojnicima. Na Kninskoj tvrđavi polaznicima zahtjevne obuke Središta za razvoj vođa Marko Babić uručene su značke i diplome o uspješno završenoj obuci.

Središte za razvoj vođa organizacijski se nalazi u okviru Zapovjedništva za obuku i doktrinu "Fran Krsto Frankopan" Hrvatske kopnene vojske, a njegov zapovjednik je pukovnik Tomislav Kasumović.

Galerija

Poveznice

 SG SOD Damir Tomljanović Gavran
 Zapovjedništvo specijalnih snaga

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 YouTube: Središte za razvoj vođa "Marko Babić"
 YouTube: Otvoreno novoustrojeno Središte za razvoj vođa "Marko Babić" u Udbini
 YouTube: Obuka u Središtu za razvoj vođa "Marko Babić"

Postrojbe u Oružanim snagama RH
Udbina

Središte za razvoj vođa Marko Babić


Diese Liste gibt den Fortschreibungsstand vom 16. April 2020 wieder und enthält 52 Baudenkmäler.

Ensembles

Ensemble Altstadt Mainbernheim

Das ehemalige Reichsdorf, 1367 an die Krone Böhmens verpfändet, erhielt 1382 Stadtrechte und wurde in der Folgezeit durch eine Ummauerung befestigt. Dennoch bewahrte Mainbernheim den Charakter einer dörflichen Siedlung. Der Ort hat einen etwa langrechteckigen Umfang und wird von einer zwischen zwei Stadttoren eingespannten Hauptstraße in der Längsachse durchzogen. Die Hauptstraße hat in ihrer Mitte eine leichte Abknickung, aus der einige Quergassen sternförmig abzweigen; die so entstehende, platzartig wirkende Erweiterung der Straße ist durch den Stadtbrunnen betont. Die Nebengassen verlaufen durchweg in Querrichtung. Der Kirchenbezirk liegt nördlich, von der Hauptstraße abgerückt. Die Bebauung der Hauptstraße (Herrnstraße) besteht aus der Reihung großer Bauernhöfe, die der Straße ihr Wohngebäude teils in Traufseit-, teils in Giebelstellung zuwenden. Im ersten Fall sind die langen Fronten durch breite Einfahrtstore gekennzeichnet, im zweiten sind die Giebelfassaden durch Hofmauern miteinander verbunden, in denen die Hofportale angebracht sind. Die Häuser stammen meist aus dem 17./18. Jahrhundert und haben Fachwerkobergeschosse, vielfach unter Verputz, oder aus der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts und sind in Bruchsteinmauerwerk errichtet. Im nördlichen Teil der Hauptstraße ist die Giebelfront des Rathauses von bestimmender Wirkung, für das Straßenbild wichtig sind ebenfalls die beiden, Abschlüsse bildenden Tortürme. An der Langseite des Rathauses erstreckt sich ein ansteigender Platz bis zur Portalfront der Pfarrkirche. In den Seitengassen herrscht eine lockere Bebauung von kleinen Bauernhöfen und Handwerkerhäusern vor, durchmischt mit Wirtschaftsgebäuden und Scheunen. Umgrenzung: Stadtmauer unter Einschluss der Grabenzone. Aktennummer: E-6-75-144-1.

Stadtbefestigung

Nach der Stadterhebung 1382 wurde Mainbernheim mit Mauer und Graben umgeben. Die Mauer, mit ehemals 27 runden und halbrunden Befestigungstürmen, von denen noch 21 überliefert sind, ist bis auf zwei Durchbrüche in ihrem gesamten Verlauf, teilweise noch in voller Höhe, erhalten. Die Tortürme des Oberen und des Unteren Tores fassen die Herrnstraße ein. Aktennummer D-6-75-144-1. Beginnend am Unteren Tor sind im Uhrzeigersinn folgende Objekte der Stadtmauer erhalten.

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 Am Pulverturm (): Stadtmauer entlang des Straßenzugs, um 1400
 Am Pulverturm (): Runder Eckturm, um 1400
 Am Pulverturm 4 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Am Pulverturm 4 (): Rest eines Mauerturms, um 1400
 Am Pulverturm 2 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Am Pulverturm 2 (): Rest eines Mauerturms, um 1400
 Rathausplatz 12 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Rathausplatz 10 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Nördliche Stadtmauer (): Entlang des Straßenzugs, um 1400
 Nähe Nördliche Stadtmauer 11 (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Nähe Nördliche Stadtmauer 9 (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Nähe Nördliche Stadtmauer 3 (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Nähe Nördliche Stadtmauer 1 (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Nördliche Stadtmauer 2 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Nördliche Stadtmauer, Am Wehrgang (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Am Wehrgang (): Stadtmauer, entlang des Straßenzugs, um 1400
 Am Wehrgang 1 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Am Wehrgang 3 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Am Wehrgang 5 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Nähe Am Wehrgang 2 (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Nähe Am Wehrgang 4 (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Nähe Am Wehrgang 4 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400

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 Herrnstraße 52 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Herrnstraße 52 (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Kellergasse (): Stadtmauer, entlang des Straßenzugs, um 1400
 Kellergasse 1 (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Kellergasse 3 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Kellergasse 3 (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Nähe Kellergasse 4 (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Nähe Kellergasse 6 (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Klostergasse 7 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Klostergasse 9 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Klostergasse 11 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Klostergasse 13 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Sonnengasse 5 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Sonnengasse 7 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Sonnengasse 9 (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Sonnengasse 9 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Sonnengasse 11 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Badgasse 15 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Südliche Stadtmauer 2 (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Südliche Stadtmauer 2 (): Stadtmauer, um 1400
 Südliche Stadtmauer (): Stadtmauer, entlang des Straßenzugs, um 1400
 Südliche Stadtmauer (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Südliche Stadtmauer (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400
 Südliche Stadtmauer (): Befestigungsturm, um 1400

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Baudenkmäler

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Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Mainbernheim

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

 In dieser [ Kartenansicht] sind Baudenkmäler ohne Koordinaten mit einem roten bzw. orangen Marker dargestellt und können in der Karte gesetzt werden. Baudenkmäler ohne Bild sind mit einem blauen bzw. roten Marker gekennzeichnet, Baudenkmäler mit Bild mit einem grünen bzw. orangen Marker.

Mainbernheim
!

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Mainbernheim


Dora Massini (17 octombrie 1907, Camenița - 20 august 1996, București) a fost o soprană ucraineană.

Date biografice
Părinții erau mari amatori de operă așă că a avut contact cu această lume, pentru prima oară, la 6 ani, urmărind spectacolul Evgheni Oneghin. Primul Război Mondial și Revoluția Rusă i-a forțat să plece în Polonia.

În Liov, oraș cu tradiții muzicale la acea vreme, a urmat liceul și în paralel Conservatorul, pe care l-a absolvit în 1926. În același an începe cursurile de canto. Sub presiuna părinților s-a înscris la Medicină la Viena dar nu a mai ajuns să studieze pentru că locurile deja prea puține fuseseră ocupate. Astfel, a ajuns la Școala Superioară de Comerț Mondial, iar în mare secret a continuat cursurile de muzică. Profesoara Felicia Katschiowska a îndrumat-o. Familia suferă pierderi financiare, astfel cursurile de muzică ajung să fie susținuțe de alocația lunară - artista a mâncat iaurt cu pâine doi ani. Lipsa tot mai acută a banilor o determină să revină în Liov.

Norocul îi surâde atunci când obține o audiție la Opera din Liov. Debutează în fața publicului cu rolul Santuzzei din Cavaleria Rusticană în iunie 1929. Doi ani i-a petrecut aici interpretând Faust, Carmen (rolul Micaela), Cavaleria rusticană, La Forza del destino.

În 1931 cunoaște un dirijor italian care profesase în România. Se căsătoresc la scurt timp și apoi se stabilesc în România. Depășind interdicțiile asociate străinilor, a fost angajată la Opera din București. În scurt timp este promovată ca prim solistă. Patosul său i-a atras atenția Regelui Carol al II-lea care a ajutat-o să obțină o casă pe Calea Victoriei.

Până în 1940 apare în 38 de roluri. Problemele apar odată cu oportunitatea de a cânta Aida și Tosca la Frankfurt alături de ansamblul Operei din București. Originele sale evreiești o împiedică să aibă vreun rol în aceste concerte. Regele Carol insistă pe lângă ambasador însă autoritățile germane rămân neînduplecate. Concertele programate în Germania au avut loc fără ea.

Rădăcinile sale îi afectează și șansa de a cânta în Salomeea și Tais la Opera din Chicago când, pentru o perioadă pe durata celui de-Al Doilea Război Mondial, evreilor li se interzicea părăsirea României. După abdicarea lui Carol este obligată să părăsească Opera din București și casa de pe Calea Victoriei. Soțul ei este obligat să demisioneze din armată. Revine pe scena Operei după terminarea războiului dar este obligată de autoritățile comuniste să cânte la Belgrad și Moscova, ofertele venite din Viena fiindu-i refuzate. Pe finalul carierei, debutează în rolul Tatianei din Evgheni Oneghin, opera care îi marcase copilăria.

Se stinge din viață la spitalul Floreasca din București.

Note

Nașteri în 1907
Decese în 1996
Soprane ucrainene
Femei din România

Dora Massini


este o actriță japoneză și un gravure idol. Ea a fost nascută în Ukiha, Prefectura Fukuoka, Japonia. Ea este în prezent semnată cu agenția de talente, JMO.

Carieră

Televiziune
 Xenos (TV Tokyo, 2007)
 Shinjuku Boso Kyukyutai (NTV, 2000)
 Psychometrer Eiji 2 (1999)
 Sekai de ichiban papa ga suki (1998)

Filme
 Sleeping Bride (2000)
 死人の恋わずらい (Shibito no koiwazurai, Love Ghost) (2005)

Legături externe
 Risa Goto on IMDb
 Official profile of Risa Goto in JMO website  (Japanese)
Nașteri în 1983
Actrițe japoneze
Gravure idol japoneze
Oameni în viață

Risa Goto


Philipp Johann Heinrich Fauth () a fost un selenograf german. Născut în Bad Dürkheim, a lucrat ca profesor. Interesul său față de astronomie a fost declanșat atunci când tatăl său i-a arătat cometa lui Coggia. Ca astronom amator, el a studiat formele de relief de pe Lună cu mare intensitate și meticulozitate. El a alcătuit un atlas cuprinzător al Lunii între 1884 și 1940 (care nu a fost publicat  complet până în 1964 și este apreciat astăzi ca o carte rară). Cartea Unser Mond a fost publicată la Bremen în 1936.

Lucrând de la un observator din Landstuhl, Fauth a reprezentat Luna în douăzeci și patru de sectoare. Din păcate, Fauth a realizat această operă imensă în același timp în care aveau loc progrese importante în domeniul fotografiei, care au permis o reprezentare mult mai fiabilă a suprafeței lunare.

În 1913, împreună cu co-autorul Hans Hoerbiger - a publicat teoria gheții cosmice (Glacial Kosmogonie), abandonată astăzi, care a fost investigată ulterior de către Hans Schindler Bellamy.

În 1939, Heinrich Himmler i-a dat titlul de profesor, deși Fauth nu a predat niciodată la o universitate și nu a obținut un doctorat.

El a murit la Grünwald, Bavaria.

Craterul Fauth de pe Lună este numit în onoarea sa.

Note

Legături externe

 Fauth biography in Chuck Wood's Moon

Nașteri în 1867
Decese în 1941
Astronomi amatori
Astronomi germani
Selenografi
Eponime ale craterelor de pe Lună

Philipp Johann Heinrich Fauth


Aceasta este o listă de filme britanice din 1935:

Lista

Note

Legături externe
 Filme britanice din 1935 la Internet Movie Database

Vezi și
1935 în Marea Britanie
1935 în film
1935 în televiziune

 *Listă
britanice
Liste de filme britanice

Listă de filme britanice din 1935


Allan Vito Flores Caidic (born June 15, 1963) is a Filipino former professional basketball player in the Philippine Basketball Association. He is considered by many to be the greatest shooter the country has ever produced, thus, earning the moniker,  "The Triggerman".

He played college hoops at the University of the East before joining the PBA in 1987, where he broke several Philippine and PBA all-time records—including the most points scored in a single game (79 points), the most three-point field goals made in a single game (17 triples; breaking his previous record of 15 triples), the most consecutive freethrows made (76), and the most three-point field goals in a career (1,242 triples; later surpassed by Jimmy Alapag). He has played with several PBA teams and won numerous championships. He played for the Philippine national basketball team including the 1998 Philippine Centennial Team.

While in the league, he was considered one of the best three-point shooters in Asia. The vaunted Chinese national basketball team recognized his ability by always reminding their players to be on the lookout for "Philippine No. 8", referring to Caidic's regular jersey number while playing for the National Team.

Playing career

High school, college and amateur career
Caidic is from Paete, Laguna and started playing basketball when he was in his fifth grade at Roosevelt College and in the Inter Subdivision Leagues at Brookside in Cainta before trying out for college teams such as the Ateneo Blue Eagles and the Mapua Cardinals but was unsuccessful. He then tried out for the Letran Knights and was accepted. But after realizing that Letran does not have an engineering program, he left. Allan was then taking up Mechanical Engineering. He was later accepted in University of the East (UE) but had to sit out on the reserve list as UE's lineup was already complete. Finally in 1981 under coach Roberto Flores, Caidic got his break and delivered well. In a deciding game between the UE Red Warriors and the FEU Tamaraws, Caidic missed two crucial free throws that handed the UAAP championship to the unbeaten Tamaraws. In 1982, he bounced back by leading the Red Warriors to a comeback win against the UP Fighting Maroons in the finals, scoring 30 points to capture the UAAP basketball championship and won the Most Valuable Player award.

In 1983, Caidic was seeded number one in the UAAP one-on-one championships. Unfortunately, he only placed second to UST's rookie Silverio Palad. In his final two years, he, along with Jerry Codiñera, led the Red Warriors to back-to-back championships in 1984–1985, the last University of the East basketball team ever to win a championship in the 20th Century. At the same time, he played for several teams in the Philippine Amateur Basketball League while playing for the national team.

He played for several PABL teams such as CF Sharp, ESQ Marketing and the Magnolia Ice Cream/Lagerlite. He also played for commercial teams internationally, notably the Development Bank of Rizal (1983) that finished third in an invitational tournament in Malaysia and the Country Fair Hotdogs in the 1984 William Jones Cup tournament.

Northern Consolidated National Team
In 1984–1985, Caidic was part of Danding Cojuangco's national basketball development program, which formed a team that represented the Philippines in international competitions, which aimed win the 1986 Asian Basketball Confederation crown (now known as the FIBA Asia Championship) which was last won by the Philippines in 1973.

In the 1985 William Jones Cup, Caidic played in the San Miguel Beer-Philippines' overtime victory against the US, coached by Gene Keady, in the finals. His shooting mentor, Arthur "Chip" Engelland, scored 43 points while Caidic scored 21, to lead the Filipinos in a 108–100 overtime victory to capture the Jones Cup title. Keady, later, told Ron Jacobs that he had the highest respect for two Filipino cagers whom he called 'Heckle and Jeckle' (referring to Allan Caidic and Samboy Lim).

He led the Philippines in capturing the 1985 South East Asian Games Gold Medal and in 1986, he led the last all-amateur national team to capture the FIBA Asia Championship gold medal and scored 22 points in an 82–72 win over China in the finals. After winning the Asian Championship, the Philippines qualified for the 1986 FIBA World Championship at Madrid, Spain, but due to the political crisis in the country (that led to the 1986 Philippine People Power EDSA Revolution), the national team did not participate in the tournament.
He is a four-time Asian Games veteran  as a player and shared this distinction with Alvin Patrimonio, as the only PBA players to play in four Asiads (1986, 1990, 1994, 1998). In 1986, he led an all-amateur national team to an Asian Games bronze medal, after a heart breaking controversial loss to South Korea in the semi-final. He is also the only Filipino player to win the William Jones Cup championships twice, once as an amateur in 1985 and once as a professional in 1998.

PBA career

Great Taste/Presto Tivoli

In 1984–1985, Caidic played in the PBA for the all-amateur guest NCC national team, preparing for international competitions, and went on to win the 1985 PBA Reinforced Conference. In 1986, he returned to the PBA playing for the all-amateur Magnolia-Philippines who were  at that time preparing for the 1986 Asian Games.

In 1987, he was drafted first overall by the Great Taste Coffee Makers and played alongside Ricardo Brown to lead the team to the PBA Open Conference finals (In Game 3, he equalled Brown's PBA all-time record for the most points scored by a Filipino in a single Finals game - 48 points) and later captured his first PBA-All Filipino Cup championship. In his rookie season, he earned the 1987 PBA Rookie of the Year award and was named in the All-Star Mythical Five Selection, where he became the third first year-rookie player ever to be named in the Mythical Five Selection after Arnie Tuadles (1979) and Ricardo Brown (1983). He also finished the season as the first rookie player ever to lead the league in scoring.

On November 2, 1989, Caidic scored 68 points and 15 three-point field goals made in a single game to lead Presto Tivoli past the Alaska Air Force in a high-scoring overtime game 175–159. Both teams' combined points was one of the most in the PBA history.

In 1990, he set the PBA all-time record for the most three-point field goals made in a single season (160 triples) and led Presto Tivoli to a championship title. He was named the 1990 PBA Most Valuable Player and was selected to play for the first all-pro national team coached by Robert Jaworski, bound for the Asian Games. In one of his Asian Games appearances, he led the national team's second half comeback win, 86–78, against Japan with 34 points despite playing with a broken hand and held scoreless in the first half. The Philippines went on to win the silver medal after losing to China in the finals with Caidic and Samboy Lim named in the mythical 5 selection.

On October 15, 1991, he broke the PBA all-time record for the most three-point field goals made in a career with 594 three-point conversions after scoring 9 triples in Tivoli's 125–142 loss to Pepsi.

One month later, on November 21, 1991, Caidic sets the PBA all-time records of the most points in a single game by a homegrown Filipino player (79 points), the most points in a single half (53 points), the most points in a single quarter (37 points), the most three-point field goals made and attempts in a game (17/27 triples), the most three-point field goals made in a quarter (8 triples) and the most consecutive three-point field goals made in a single game (8 triples), to lead Presto Tivoli against Ginebra San Miguel. His performance remains as one of the greatest individual performances in the PBA history. What makes it more remarkable is that while he was playing in the court, his wife Millote was giving birth to their first daughter. He came off the bench late in the first quarter and left the game in the middle of the fourth, in a game where he could have possibly scored 100 points or more.

San Miguel Beermen

In 1993, Caidic was acquired by the San Miguel Beermen after his former team was sold to Sta. Lucia Realty & Development, Inc. and renamed Sta. Lucia Realtors. During his time with San Miguel, he teamed up with Samboy Lim to form the league's deadliest scoring duo in the 1990s and led the Beermen to the 1993 All-Filipino Cup finals. He ended the season winning the PBA Governor's Cup championship with San Miguel and earned the 1993 PBA All-Star Most Valuable Player award after leading his team (North All-Star) to victory, scoring 40 points (second highest points scored in a single All-Star game) and 9 triples (the most three-point field goals made in a single All-Star game). He became the first PBA player ever to win the MVP awards in the regular season and in the All-Star Game.

In 1994, San Miguel won the right to represent the country in the Asian Games after winning the PBA All-Filipino Cup conference title. In the Asian Games, the Beermen formed the core of the national team with some loaned players from the other PBA ballclubs like Alvin Patrimonio and Johnny Abarrientos. The national team finished fourth but he finished as the Asian Games basketball tournament leading scorer and was named in the all-tournament Mythical Five Selection.

In 1995, he became the eighth player to score 10,000 career points in the PBA history and the league's first player to score 1,000 career three-point field goals. He went on to win the PBA Governor's Cup Best Player of the Conference after leading the San Miguel Beermen to the finals. He finished the season as the league's leading point scorer with 20.9 points per game, the last guard ever to lead the league in season-best points scoring average in the 20th century.

On April 29, 1997, in a game between the Gordon's Gin and the San Miguel Beermen, he suffered a serious career-threatening injury. The incident took place when he jumped for a rebound, he collided with teammate Nelson Asaytono, fell on the floor headfirst, vomited, and remained on the court motionless before he was removed from the arena and taken to the hospital.

He made a successful recovery from that injury and in 1998, he was selected by Tim Cone for the Philippine Centennial Team bound for the William Jones Cup (where he scored 25 points with six triples against South East Asian rival, Thailand) and the Asian Games. The team started their international campaign against China and a PBA All-Star Selection but had a dismal display in the PBA Centennial Cup. They went to a tough United States midwest tour and won the William Jones Cup in Taiwan. In the Asian Games, the nationals easily won their group stage but lost in the semi-final and settled for third after beating Kazakhstan in their final game.

Post-playing career, retirement and coaching

In 1999, Caidic became the playing coach of the Barangay Ginebra Kings after a sudden resignation of interim coach Rino Salazar.

In 2000, as a playing coach, he placed himself in the reserved unprotected player list for the Barangay Ginebra Kings to protect other important players in the team. The expansion team Red Bull picked unprotected players from the dispersal draft, which includes himself and got his rights. To avoid leaving Ginebra and playing for Red Bull, he announced his retirement and decided to hang up his jersey that year. His early retirement ended a long distinguished career that started in 1984 as an amateur guest player in the PBA. He also became the third PBA player after Ramon Fernandez and Bogs Adornado to be given the honor of retiring the jersey number by a PBA team and was the first by two PBA teams, the San Miguel Beermen and the Barangay Ginebra Kings. Both franchises retired his number 8 jersey in honor of his legacy in the PBA. In the same year, he was named in the PBA 25 greatest players ever to play in the league's history after the PBA celebrated its 25th year as the first professional basketball league in Asia.

After his retirement, he remained with Ginebra as a full-time head coach and despite reaching the 2001 PBA All-Filipino Cup finals, he piloted Ginebra to one of its worst season runs in its franchise history. Due to fans' uproar, management blinked and promoted him as Team Manager in 2004. He also served as the national team's assistant coach in 2002 and was an active participant of the San Miguel Corporation All-Stars, a group composed of several former professional basketball players.

In May 2005, he took part in the PBA's 30th Anniversary, leading Virgilio Dalupan's Legends Team to victory, 96–92, in the PBA's Classic Greatest Game with an MVP performance, scoring 30 points (4 triples, 8 rebounds). He also led the PBA Legends Team to a two-game Australian Tour Series and earned himself the series Most Valuable Player award. He was then appointed Sports Ambassador to represent the Philippines in the 23rd South East Asian Games alongside some of the Philippines' greatest athletes (Efren Reyes, Rafael Nepomuceno) to promote the event throughout the country. Aside from being one of the country's Sports Ambassador, he also served as San Miguel Corporation's Philippine Baseball and Boxing Project Director/Liaison Officer for the South East Asian Games. His teams brought 10 gold medals (1 from baseball and 9 from boxing) for the country.

On June 15, 2006, on his 43rd birthday, he fittingly released his autobiographical book, "My Life Allan Caidic, The Triggerman", one of the first sports biographies by a Filipino athlete. In November 2006, after a reshuffling between the then-four San Miguel Corporation teams, he became the team manager of the Coca-Cola Tigers. But he left in March 2007 to become assistant coach of the Barangay Ginebra Kings.

In January 2007, he joined with former national teammates Hector Calma and Samboy Lim, as well as former national team head coaches, current national team members and head coach Chot Reyes in expressing their support to Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas (SBP) and for the lifting of suspension of the country from FIBA-sanctioned tournaments.

In 2008, he joined several PBA legends in a charity Tour of California but played a minor role due to personal commitments. Later that year, he led the PBA Legends to victory over the Manny Pacquiao-led  Philippine Army Basketball Team to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the army.

In August 2009, he joined another PBA legends' tour in North America, and weeks later he led a PBA All-Star Selection (scoring five straight triples in the quarter) against Dominique Wilkins'-led NBA Generations.

On August 27, 2010, he scored 54 points during the 2010 NBA Asia Basketball Challenge held at Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City. He also defeated Glen Rice, 7–5 in a three-point shooting contest. Their team won 177–167.

He was formally an assistant coach of the Barangay Ginebra San Miguel under coach Tim Cone in the PBA and the De La Salle Green Archers in the UAAP

On December 11, 2018, he scored 146 points in an exhibition game in Ilocos Sur and having 46 three-pointers in a game. His team won 184–73.

On October 24, 2023, he was appointed as the commissioner for the Pilipinas Super League.

Awards and achievements

Career PBA highlights

Individual achievements
PBA Hall of Fame (2009)
PBA Top 25 Greatest Players of all time (2000)
PBA Most Valuable Player 1990
PBA Rookie of the Year  1987
PBA Mythical First Team Selection in 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1995
PBA Mythical Second Team Selection in 1993 and 1994
PBA Best Player of the Conference (1995 PBA Governor's Cup)
PBA All-Star Games (1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995)
PBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (1993)
PBA All-Star Three-Points Shootout Challenge champion (individual event) 1991 and 1992
PBA All-Star Three-Points Shootout Challenge champion (team event) 1991
PBA Career Achievement Award 10,000 Points
PBA Career Achievement Award 5,000 Points
PBA Career Achievement Award 1,000 Three-Points
PBA Career Achievement Award 500 Steals

Team achievements
1985 PBA Reinforced Conference Champions
1987 PBA-IBA World Challenge Cup Finalists
1987 PBA Open Conference Finalists
1987 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Champions
1990 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Champions
1993 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Finalists
1993 PBA Governor's Cup Conference Champions
1994 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Champions
1995 PBA Governor's Cup Conference Finalists
1998 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Finalists - Playing Assistant Coach
1998 PBA Commissioner's Cup Conference Finalists - Playing Assistant Coach
1998 PBA Governor's Cup Conference, fourth place - Playing Assistant Coach
1999 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference, third place - Playing Assistant Coach

Philippine Basketball Association all-time records
Most points scored in a single game by a Filipino (79) - November 21, 1991
Most points scored in a single half (53) - November 21, 1991
Most points scored in a single quarter (37) - November 21, 1991
Most points scored in a single finals game by a Filipino (48) - 1987 PBA Open Conference
Most number of three-point field goals made in a single game (17) - November 21, 1991
Most number of three-point field goals attempts in a single game (27) - November 21, 1991
Most consecutive three-point shots made in a single game (8) - October 15, 1991
Most number of three-point field goals made in a single quarter (9) - November 21, 1991
Most number of three-point field goals made in a single All-Star game (9) - June 6, 1993
Most consecutive free-throw shots made (76) - October 22, 1992 - May 11, 1993
Most number of three-point shots made in a single season (160) - 1990 PBA season
First Player to score 1000 career three-points field goal made in the PBA history - July 12, 1995
Third highest points scored in a single game scored by a Filipino (68) - November 2, 1989
Third highest points scored in a single quarter (27) - November 2, 1989
Third highest points scored in a single All-Star game (40) - June 6, 1993
Second highest number of three-point field goals made in a single game (15) - November 2, 1989
Sixth highest points scored in a single game by a Filipino (59) - 1988
Sixth highest points scored in a single game by a player (both locals/imports) (79) - - November 21, 1991

Former records
Most number of three-point shots made in a career (1,242) - 1987-1999 (surpassed by Jimmy Alapag)

College achievements

Individual achievements
University Athletic Association of the Philippines College Basketball Most Valuable Player (1982, 1984, 1985)
UAAP College Basketball Mythical Five Selection (1982, 1984, 1985, 1986)
PABL Mythical Five Selection (1985, 1986)
Philippine Basketball League Top 20 Greatest Players of all time (2003)
PBL Legacy Team: 12 All-time Best players in history (2000)

Team achievements
1982 UAAP-Manila College Basketball Champions
1982 UAAP National College Basketball third place
1983 UAAP-Manila College Basketball third place
1984 UAAP-Manila College Basketball Champions
1984 UAAP National College Basketball Champions
1985 UAAP-Manila College Basketball Champions
1985 UAAP National College Basketball Champions
1985 Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Basketball Champions
1985 Philippine Amateur Basketball League (PABL) Invitational Cup Finalists
1986 UAAP-Manila College Basketball Champions
1986 UAAP National College Basketball second place
1986 Philippine Amateur Basketball League Champions

College and amateur basketball all-time records
Career all-time PBL record leader for most three-point field goals made in a single game (15 triples) - 1986
Career all-time UAAP record leader for most three-point field goals made in a single game (10 triples) - August 1985
Career all-time National UAAP leader for most three-point field goals made in a single game (9 triples) - UAAP
Second career all-time UAAP record leader for most points scored in a single finals game (48 points) - 1985
Third career all-time UAAP record leader for most points scored in a single finals game (42 points) - 1985

International career highlights
Club and Country
1982 ASEAN School Youth Basketball Championship champions
1983 Asian Invitational Basketball Tournament, third place
1984 William Jones Cup
1985 Pesta Sukan Basketball Championship champions
1985 William Jones Cup champions
1985 FIBA Club World Cup, 7th place
1985 South East Asian Games champions
1985 ABC Championship champions
 1985 ABC Championship Most Valuable Player
 1985 ABC Championship Mythical Team member
1986 Asian Games, third place (bronze medal)
1986 Guam Friendship Games Basketball Tournament champions
1986 Guam Tournament Most Valuable Player (1986)
1990 Asian Games, second place (silver medal)
1990 Asian Games Mythical Team member
1991 China-PBA All-Stars Goodwill Exhibition Series
1994 Asian Games, fourth place
1994 Asian Games Tournament top scorer
1994 Asian Games Mythical Team member
1998 Philippines-PBA All-Stars Selection Goodwill Series
1998 PBA Centennial Cup
1998 William Jones Cup champions
1998 Philippine Tour of the United States
1998 Asian Games, third place (bronze medal)

Coaching/managerial career achievements
1998 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Finalists - Playing Assistant Coach
1998 PBA Commissioner's Cup Conference Finalists - Playing Assistant Coach
1998 PBA Governor's Cup Conference, fourth place - Playing Assistant Coach
1999 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference, third place - Playing Assistant Coach
2001 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Finalists - Head Coach
2001 PBA All-Stars Game Head Coach
2002 Philippines-Chinese-Taipei Goodwill Series winner, Assistant Coach
2002 Philippines-Qatar Goodwill Series winner, Assistant Coach
2002 Philippines-Melbourne Tigers Goodwill Series, Assistant Coach
2002 Euro Basketball Challenge Four Nations Invitational  (Philippines Tour of Europe), third place, Assistant Coach
2002 Asian Games, fourth place, Assistant Coach
2004 PBA Fiesta Cup Conference Champions - Team Manager
2004-05 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Champions - Team Manager
2005-06 PBA Fiesta Cup Conference, fourth place - Team Manager
2008 PBA Fiesta Cup Conference Champions - Assistant Coach
2009 PBA Fiesta Cup Conference Finalists - Assistant Coach
2011 PBA Commissioner's Cup Conference Finalists - Assistant Coach
2012 PBA Legends Game - Playing Coach of the Stalwart Team
2013 PBA Commissioner's Cup Conference Finalists - Assistant Coach
2013 University Athletics Association of the Philippines (UAAP) Champions - Assistant Coach
2013 Philippine Collegiate Champions League (PCCL) Champions - Assistant Coach

Other achievements
PBA All-Star Legends Shootout Challenge champion (2004)
PBA Classic All-Star Greatest Game (2005)
PBA Classic All-Star Greatest Game Most Valuable Player (2005)
PBA Legends Tour of Australia (2005)
PBA Legends Tour of Australia Series Most Valuable Player (2005)
2005 Philippine South East Asian Games Sports Ambassador
NBA Asia Challenge (2009, 2010)
ASEAN Chinese Veterans Basketball Championship Over-50 champions (2016, 2017)
World Chinese Veterans Basketball Championship Over-50 champions (2016)

See also
Philippine Basketball Association
Philippine national basketball team
Northern Consolidated Cement / San Miguel Beer
Barangay Ginebra Kings
San Miguel Beermen
Great Taste Coffee Makers/Presto Tivoli
Philippine Centennial Team
History of Philippine Basketball

References

Publications and articles
Bocobo, Christian and Celis, Beth, Legends and Heroes of Philippine Basketball, (Philippines, 2004)
Caidic, Allan, My Life: Allan Caidic The Triggerman, (Philippines, 2006)
Dela Cruz, Juan, Book of Pinoy Facts and Records, (National Bookstore, Mandaluyong, Philippines, 2004)
King, Jenny, Great and Famous Filipinos, 2nd Edition, (Worldlink Books, Philippines, 2002)
OFW Guardian, Mr. Inside and Mr. Out, Sport, OFW Guardian, https://web.archive.org/web/20070930003521/http://www.ofwguardian.com/article.php/I29mrinside, (2006)
Philippine Basketball Association, The First 25 Years, (Philippines, 2000)

External links
Allan Caidic Player Profile
Official Website of the Philippine Basketball Association
Philippine Basketball League
San Miguel - Allan Caidic
Allan Caidic retirement

1963 births
Living people
Asian Games bronze medalists for the Philippines
Asian Games medalists in basketball
Asian Games silver medalists for the Philippines
Barangay Ginebra San Miguel players
Basketball players at the 1986 Asian Games
Basketball players at the 1990 Asian Games
Basketball players at the 1994 Asian Games
Basketball players at the 1998 Asian Games
Basketball players from Metro Manila
Competitors at the 1985 SEA Games
Filipino men's basketball coaches
Great Taste Coffee Makers players
Medalists at the 1986 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1990 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
People from Pasig
Philippine Basketball Association All-Stars
San Miguel Beermen coaches
Philippine Basketball Association executives
Philippine Basketball Association players with retired numbers
Philippines men's national basketball team players
Filipino men's basketball players
Player-coaches
San Miguel Beermen players
Shooting guards
SEA Games gold medalists for the Philippines
SEA Games medalists in basketball
UE Red Warriors basketball players
Great Taste Coffee Makers draft picks
Barangay Ginebra San Miguel coaches
De La Salle Green Archers basketball coaches

Allan Caidic


Nolina cismontana es una especie de planta con rizoma perteneciente a la familia de las asparagáceas. Es originaria de  Norteamérica.

Descripción
Es una planta caulescente con rosetas leñosas, caudex ramificado que forma pequeñas colonias. Los tallos de 3 dm, en ocasiones hasta 15 dm. Tiene 30-90 hojas por roseta, la hoja con forma de alambre, en posición vertical, o laxa, de 50-140 cm x 12-30 mm, a veces glaucas. El escapo de 4-15 dm, 14-35 mm de diámetro. en la base. Las inflorescencias paniculadas compuestas, de 9-18 dm × 10-40 cm, brácteas persistentes, visibles. Los frutos en forma de cápsulas de paredes delgadas,  con muesca basal y apical. Semillas de color marrón rojizo, ovoides.

Distribución y hábitat
La floración es temprana - a mediados de primavera, en laderas rocosas en el chaparral seco de las montañas costeras a una altitud de 200 - 1300 metros en California.

Taxonomía
Nolina cismontana fue descrita por James C. Dice y publicado en Novon 5(2): 162–163, en el año 1995.
Etimología
Nolina: nombre genérico otorgado en honor del botánico francés  Abbé P. C. Nolin, coautor del trabajo publicado 1755 Essai sur l'agricultura moderne.

cismontana: epíteto latíno

Referencias

Enlaces externos

cismontana
Flora de California
Plantas descritas en 1995
Plantas descritas por Dice

Nolina cismontana


Ebolavirus, EBOV, er en virus, der forårsager Ebola (en. Ebola virus disease (EVD) eller tidligere Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF)), en zoonose, der spredes fra flagermus til mennesker.

Ebolavirus kaldes sammen med Marburgvirus og Lassavirus for de afrikanske blødningsfebervirus og klassificeres som virus i højeste fareklasse.

EBOV er en trådformet, membrankappet virus med et genom af -ssRNA og er en del af Filoviridae-familien, nært beslægtet med Marburgvirus.

Historisk

EBOV er opkaldt efter floden Ebola i DR Congo, hvor virussen også blev opdaget første gang. Fra 1976 har der været gentagne udbrud af Ebola.
To stammer blev identificeret, hhv. fra Zaire og fra Sudan
med gennemsnitlige dødelighedsprocenter på henholdsvis 83% og 54%. En tredje stamme, Reston-Ebolavirus, blev opdaget i 1989 i en gruppe af aber (Macaca fascicularis) importeret fra Filippinerne til Hazleton Primate Quarantine Unit i Reston, Virginia i USA. Denne stamme har ikke været humanpatogen.
Der kendes nu fem stammer af Ebolavirus (BDBV, EBOV, RESTV, SUDV and TAFV).

Generelt

I elektronmikroskop fremtræder EBOV som langstrakte, fleksible tråde med en diameter på 80 nm og en længde fra 800 til 1400 nm.

Genom

EBOV's genom er -ssRNA (negativt polariseret enkeltstrænget RNA) på 18-19.000 nukleotider, der koder for 7 proteiner. De fem forskellige stammer afviger i nukleotidsekvensen og antallet og placeringen af overlappende gener.

Proteiner

 Glycoprotein, multifunktionelt overfladeprotein GP, sGP, ssGP, GP1 og GP2

 Matrixprotein VP40, hexamer

 RNA dependent RNA polymerase, L protein

 Nucleoprotein NP

 Polymerase cofactor VP35 (multifunktionelt nucleocapsidprotein)

 Transcription activator VP30 (nucleocapsidprotein)

 VP24 (nucleocapsidprotein)

Receptorer for EBOV

EBOV glycoprotein GP binder sig til

 TIM-1, et overfladeprotein på værtsorganismens epithelceller

 C-type lectinerne DC-SIGN, L-SIGN og hMGL på overfladen af værtsorganismens monocyter, dendritceller og makrofager

 Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1), et 13TM membranprotein i værtsorganismens endosomer

Vaccine

En Ebolavaccine blev godkendt i USA i 2019.

Se også

 Coronavirus
 HIV

Henvisninger

Vira

Ebolavirus


Proba masculină de 50 de km marș de la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2016 a avut loc la data de 19 august pe o stradă de-a lungul plajei Pontal.

Recorduri
Înaintea acestei competiții, recordurile mondiale și olimpice erau următoarele:

Rezultate

Legendă

RA Record african | AM Record american | AS Record asiatic | RE Record european | OCRecord oceanic | RO Record olimpic | RM Record mondial | RN Record național | SA Record sud-american | RC Record al competiției | DNF Did Not Finish (nu a terminat traseul) | DNS Did Not Start (nu a luat startul) | DS Descalificare | EL Cea mai bună performanță europeană a anului | PB Record personal | RS Cea mai bună performanță a sezonului | WL Cea mai bună performanță mondială a anului

Referințe

Legături externe
 Rezultate la IAAF

Atletism la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2016

Atletism la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2016 - 50 km marș (masculin)


TOI-1452 b é um exoplaneta localizado na constelação de Draco, orbitando duas diminutas estrelas. A uma distância de 100 anos-luz da Terra, foi descoberto em 2022 por uma equipe liderada por estudiosos da Universidade de Montreal. Acredita-se que o planeta seja coberto por água.

Exoplanetas
Constelação de Draco

TOI-1452 b


Vitus Lake er en sø i Alaska, der er 23 km lang og 9 km bred. Søen er opkaldt efter Vitus Bering, der anførte den russiske Alaska-ekspedition i 1741. Beringgletsjeren udgør nordsiden af Vitus Lake, og søen afvandes via Seal River til Alaskagolfen.

Søen hævdes at være hjemsted for kryptiden "Vittie".

Alaskas geografi
Søer i USA

Vitus Lake


Yaycılar, Çarşamba - Samsun ili Çarşamba ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Yaycılar, Sorgun - Yozgat ili Sorgun ilçesine bağlı köy

Yaycılar


Veter Martins Morais (Fazenda Nova, 26 de março de 1970) é um empresário e político brasileiro, filiado ao Patriota.

Nas eleições de 2016, foi eleito vice-prefeito de Aparecida de Goiânia na chapa com Gustavo Mendanha.
Nas eleições de 2022, foi eleito deputado estadual em Goiás com 30.836 votos (0,90% dos votos válidos).

Membros do Progressistas
Naturais de Fazenda Nova
Deputados estaduais de Goiás
Empresários de Goiás

Veter Martins


الموسم الجاف (مرادفا الجفاف) هو مصطلح في المناخ يستخدم لوصف الأحوال الجوية في المناطق المدارية. الطقس في المناطق المداريه يسيطر عليه حزام الأمطار الاستوائية. من أبريل إلى سبتمبر، ينتقل المطر إلى المناطق المدارية الشمالية والجنوبية التي تعاني من «موسم الجفاف». يصل إلى مدار السرطان وإلى جنوب مدار الجدي.

مراجع

فصول السنة
مناخ

موسم جاف


Jarosław Pryriz CSsR, ukrainisch: Яросла́в При́різ, (* 30. März 1963 in Lastivka) ist Bischof von Sambir-Drohobytsch.

Leben
Mychajlo Sabryha CSsR weihte ihn am 4. Dezember 1988 zum Priester und er trat 1994 der Ordensgemeinschaft der Redemptoristen bei. Papst Benedikt XVI. ernannte ihn am 2. März 2006 zum Weihbischof in Sambir-Drohobytsch und Titularbischof von Auzia.

Der Erzbischof von Kiew und Großerzbischof von Lemberg, Lubomyr Kardinal Husar MSU, weihte ihn am 29. April desselben Jahres zum Bischof; Mitkonsekratoren waren Mychajlo Sabryha CSsR, Bischof von Ternopil-Sboriw, und Julian Woronowskyj MSU, Bischof von Sambir-Drohobytsch.

Am 21. April 2010 wurde er zum Koadjutorbischof von Sambir-Drohobytsch ernannt. Nach der Emeritierung Julian Woronowskyjs MSU folgte er ihm am 27. Oktober 2011 als Bischof von Sambir-Drohobytsch nach.

Weblinks

Römisch-katholischer Bischof (21. Jahrhundert)
Redemptorist
Ukrainisch griechisch-katholischer Bischof
Ukrainer
Geboren 1963
Mann

Jarosław Pryriz


Ranelagh () is a station on line 9 of the Paris Métro located in the 16th arrondissement.

It is named after the nearby rue de Ranelagh, which in turn was named after Lord Ranelagh, an Irish peer and amateur musician, who built a rotunda for concerts in his park, Ranelagh Gardens, in Chelsea in 1750 and after whom the affluent Dublin suburb of Ranelagh is named. A similar establishment, the Jardin du Ranelagh was established on the grounds of the Château de la Muette in 1774. The place was fashionable under Marie Antoinette, under the Directory and then again under the Restoration. It disappeared in 1858 with the creation of the Bois de Boulogne.

History
The station opened on 8 November 1922 as part of the initial section of the line from Trocadéro to Exelmans.

As part of the "Un métro + beau" programme by the RATP, the station's corridors and platform lighting were renovated and modernised on 28 April 2004.

In 2019, the station was used by 2,314,539 passengers, making it the 222nd busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 1,234,203 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 206th busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

In 2021, the station was used by 1,779,206 passengers, making it the 199th busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

Passenger services

Access
The station has two accesses:

 Access 1: avenue Mozart
 Access 2: rue du Ranelagh

Station layout

Platforms
The station has a standard configuration with 2 tracks surrounded by 2 side platforms. The ticket barriers and passenger information counter located at the mezzanine overlooks the tracks, a uncommon situation it shares only with La Muette and Jasmin, which the station is located in between.

Other connections
The station is also served by lines 22, 52 (only in the direction of Opéra), and 70 of the RATP bus network.

Nearby

 Jardin du Ranelagh
 Lycée Molière
 Maison de la Radio et de la Musique
 Petite Ceinture du 16e
 Seychelles Embassy
 Théâtre Le Ranelagh

Gallery

References

Paris Métro stations in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1922
Paris Métro line 9

Ranelagh station (Paris Métro)


Phthiotis (, Fthiótida, ; ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Φθιῶτις) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Central Greece. The capital is the city of Lamia.  It is bordered by the Malian Gulf to the east, Boeotia in the south, Phocis in the south, Aetolia-Acarnania in the southwest, Evrytania in the west, Karditsa regional unit in the north, Larissa regional unit in the north, and Magnesia in the northeast.  The name dates back to ancient times. It is best known as the home of Achilles.

Geography

Phthiotis covers the northern and southern shorelines of the Malian Gulf, an inlet of the Aegean Sea. It stretches inland towards the west along the valley of the river Spercheios. In the south it covers the upper part of the Cephissus valley. There are several mountain ranges in Phthiotis, including the Othrys in the northeast, the Tymfristos in the west, the Vardousia in the southwest, Oeta in the south and the Kallidromo in the southeast.

History
"Phthiotis" means "the region of Phthia", the southernmost region of ancient Thessaly around Pharsalus and home of Achilles. In Classical times, it also referred to the region of Achaea Phthiotis, which bordered on Thessalian Phthiotis to the south and east. Achaea Phthiotis covered the northern part of the present regional unit Phthiotis and the southern part of present Magnesia. The southeastern part of present Phthiotis was covered by the ancient region Locris, and the southwestern part was ancient Malis and Ainis.

Transport
 E65, S, Cen., NE
 Greek National Road 1/E75, SE, E, Cen., NE
 Greek National Road 3, SE, S, Cen., N
 Greek National Road 27, S, Cen.
 Greek National Road 38, W, Cen.

Administration

The regional unit Phthiotis is subdivided into 7 municipalities. These are (number as in the map in the infobox):
 Amfikleia-Elateia (2)
 Domokos (3)
 Kamena Vourla (6)
 Lamia (1)
 Lokroi (4)
 Makrakomi (5)
 Stylida (7)

Prefecture

The prefecture Phthiotis and Phocis was created in 1845. In 1947 this prefecture was split into the southern part Phocis and the northern part Phthiotis. As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the regional unit Phthiotis was created out of the former prefecture Phthiotis (). The prefecture had the same territory as the present regional unit. At the same time, the municipalities were reorganised, according to the table below.

Provinces
 Province of Domokos - Domokos
 Province of Phthiotis - Lamia
 Province of Locris - Atalanti
Note: Provinces no longer hold any legal status in Greece.

Persons
 Thanos Livaditis (1934–2005)
 Dimitrios Holevas

Sporting teams
 Lamia F.C.
 Ionikos Lamias BC

See also
 List of traditional Greek place names
 List of settlements in Phthiotis

References

External links

Prefectures of Greece
Regional units of Central Greece

Phthiotis


An Isachne rigens in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Olof Swartz, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Carl Bernhard von Trinius. An Isachne rigens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Isachne, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Isachne

Isachne rigens


Gerald W. "Jerry" Moran (født 29. maj 1954 i Great Bend) er en amerikansk republikansk politiker. Han er medlem af USA's senat valgt i Kansas siden 2011 Han var medlem af Repræsentanternes Hus i perioden 1997–2011.

Eksterne henvisninger

Medlemmer af USA's kongres for det republikanske parti
Medlemmer af Senatet i USA
Personer fra Kansas

Jerry Moran


إن سجل التأثيرات السامة للمواد الكيميائية (و يرمز لها بالرمز RTECS) هو قاعدة بيانات للمعلومات المتعلقة بسمية المواد المجمعة من المؤلفات العلمية المفتوحة دون الإشارة إلى صحة أو فائدة الدراسات المعلنة. حتى عام 2001 كان المعهد الوطني للسلامة والصحة المهنية الأمريكي (NIOSH) مسؤولا عن السجل وحرية نشره. تتم صيانته الآن من قبل شركة BIOVIA الخاصة أو من العديد من بائعي القيم المضافة وهو متاح فقط مقابل رسوم أو عن طريق الاشتراك.

المحتويات
ستة أنواع من البيانات السمية موجودة في هذا الملف:
تهييج أولي Primary irritation
 تآثيرات التطفير
 تآثيرات تكاثرية
 تآثيرات منتجة للأورام
 سمية حادة
 مجموعة من الجرعات الأخرى السامة

كما دُون في هذا السجل القيم السمية العددية المحدد مثل الجرعة المميتة الوسطية، والجرعة المميتة الوسطية، وTDLo، وTCLo بالإضافة إلى الأنواع التي شملتها الدراسة ومسار الإدراة المُستخدمة. كما تمت إضافة قائمة المراجع لجميع البيانات الموجودة. إلا أن هذه الدراسات لم تُقييم على الإطلاق.

التاريخ
كان نشاط «سجل التأثيرات السامة للمواد الكيميائية» مفوضة من قبل الكونغرس الأمريكي، وأُنشئها القسم 20(a)(6) من صك السلامة والصحة المهنية من عام 1970 (PL 91-596). النسخة الأصلية، المعروفة باسم قائمة المواد السامة نُشرت في 28 يونيو ، 1971، وتضمنت على بيانات علمية سمومية لما يقارب 5,000 مادة كيميائية. ومن ثم تغير اسمها إلى اسمها الحالي سجل التأثيرات السامة للمواد الكيميائية. في يناير 2001 أحتوت قاعدة البيانات على 152,970 مادة كيميائية. في ديسمبر 2001 نُقلت RTECS من المعهد القومي للسلامة والصحة المهنية إلى الشركة الخصوصية إلسيفاير إم دي إل Elsevier MDL. حصلت سيمايكس على MDL من إلسيفاير في 2007 وأصبحت قاعدة البيانات السمومية مُلكاً للشركة. يمكن الاستفادة من قاعدة البيانات السمومية فقط عند دفع رسوم للاشتراك السنوي لهذه القاعدة.

RTECS متوفرة بعدة نسخ وهي الإنجليزية، والفرنسية والإسبانية، وعُرضت من قبل المركز الكندي للسلامة والصحة المهنية. تُعرض رسوم الاشتراك هلة الوب، وعلى القرص المدمج وكصيغة إنترنت. قاعدة البيانات متوفرة أيضاً على الإنترنت من NISC (المؤسسة الوطنية لخدمات المعلومات) و ExPub (خبراء النشر، LLC).

وصلات خارجية
 نظرة عامة لقاعدة البيانات RTECS
 موقع سايميكس

المراجع

تأثيرات سامة وخصوصا غير طبية كمصدر
سلامة كيميائية
قواعد البيانات الكيميائية

سجل التأثيرات السامة للمواد الكيميائية


Milan Katić (, Belgrado, 22 de outubro de 1993) é um jogador de voleibol indoor sérvio que atua na posição de ponteiro.

Carreira

Clube
Katić começou sua carreira profissional atuando pelo Vojvodina Novi Sad, clube de seu país natal, de 2009 a 2015, com a qual conquistou três títulos da Copa da Sérvia e o título da Taça Challenge de 2014–15, sendo o maior pontuador na partida final contra o Sport Lisboa e Benfica, com 17 pontos.

Em 2015 assinou um contrato de dois anos com o polonês PGE Skra Bełchatów, porém foi emprestado ao Galatasaray HDI Istanbul para atuar no voleibol turco na temporada 2015–16, enquanto na temporada seguinte foi emprestado ao Łuczniczka Bydgoszcz para atuar no voleibol polonês novamente.

Em 2017 finalmente atua pelo PGE Skra Bełchatów, mantendo vínculo com o clube por quatro anos, conquistando um Campeonato Polonês e duas Supercopas Polonesa. Em 2021 o ponteiro iniciou a temporada pelo LUK Lublin, mas em novembro do mesmo ano rescindiu contrato com o clube em mútuo acordo, disputando o restante da temporada pelo Vero Volley Monza, conquistado o título da Taça Challenge de 2021–22. No final do ano, Katić se transferiu para o voleibol russo para disputar a temporada 2022–23 pelo Gazprom-Ugra Surgut.

Seleção
Pelas categorias de base, Katić conquistou dois títulos no ano de 2011: o Campeonato Europeu Sub-19 e o Campeonato Mundial Sub-19.

Estreou na seleção adulta sérvia pela Liga Mundial de 2014, onde a seleção sérvia terminou na 7ª colocação; enquanto na edição de 2016 se sagrou campeão ao derrotar a seleção brasileira por 3 sets a 0.

Em 2017 conquista a medalha de bronze no Campeonato Europeu e no ano seguinte perde a disputa do terceiro lugar para a seleção norte-americana no Campeonato Mundial de 2018.

Títulos
Vojvodina Novi Sad
 Copa da Sérvia: 2009–10, 2011–12, 2014–15

 Taça Challenge: 2014–15

PGE Skra Bełchatów
 Campeonato Polonês: 2017–18

 Supercopa Polonesa: 2017, 2018

Vero Volley Monza
 Taça CEV: 2021–22

Clubes

Ligações externas
Milan Katić no Global Sports Archive
Milan Katić na CEV
Milan Katić no LegaVolley
Milan Katić na PlusLiga
Milan Katić no Volleybox

Naturais de Belgrado
Voleibolistas da Sérvia
Pontas de voleibol

Milan Katić


Et parallelsamfund er et samfund, der eksisterer side om side med et eller flere andre samfund. Ofte kan der være tale om et mindretal, der lever med andre sociale, kulturelle eller religiøse normer end det "almindelige" (flertallets) samfund. Parallelsamfund kan tage mange forskellige former, og ordet er både blevet brugt som et positivt, neutralt og negativt begreb. Det er f.eks blevet brugt om landbrugs- og industrikultur, livet i forskellige socialgrupper som over- og underklasse, subkulturer som det danske graffitimiljø, livet blandt forskere i den danske universitetsverden og jødiske samfund i Danmark og USA. I bredeste forstand kan det således betegne alle grupper, der er kendetegnet ved et interesse-, identitets- eller anden form for fællesskab. "Enhver husmoderforening eller sportsforening er i realiteten et parallelsamfund", sagde den tidligere danske overrabbiner Bent Melchior i 2016. Siden 1990'erne er det i Danmark, Tyskland og andre lande især blevet anvendt i forbindelse med den stigende andel af indvandrere og deres efterkommere og en bekymring for, at disse befolkningsgrupper ikke bliver integreret i tilflyttersamfundene, men i stedet danner parallelsamfund med negative konsekvenser for landenes sammenhængskraft.

Fra 2021 bruges begrebet af den danske regering som officiel betegnelse for særligt udsatte almene boligområder, hvor over halvdelen af beboerne er indvandrere eller efterkommere fra ikke-vestlige lande, og hvor beboersammensætningen opfylder visse specifikke kriterier for uddannelsesniveau, beskæftigelse, indkomst og lovovertrædelser.

Begrebets oprindelse

Ordet er kendt på dansk siden september 1968, hvor den daværende studerende (senere kultursociolog) Peter Duelund skrev en kronik i dagbladet Information med titlen "Parallelsamfund som ny politisk strategi". Duelund var engageret i foreningen Det Ny Samfund, der arbejdede for at skabe direkte demokrati og alternative samværs- og livsformer. Duelund anvendte ordet parallelsamfund som et mindre ambitiøst modkulturbegreb end modstykket "alternativt samfund". I 1971 uddybede han sit synspunkt i debatbogen "På vej mod et nyt samfund". Her argumenterede han for, at bevægelsen ikke skulle skabe et "alternativt samfund", hvor man helt vender samfundet ryggen og forsøger at opbygge nye normer og værdier fra bunden, men derimod parallelsamfund, der via deres kontakt med den omgivende verden kunne vise, at et bedre samfund var muligt.

Ifølge Mikaela von Freieslebens ph.d.-afhandling om begrebet parallelsamfund optrådte ordet i øvrigt sporadisk i de følgende årtier. Friskoler og lilleskoler er blevet omtalt som parallelsamfund, og det samme er livet på Christiania. I 1990'erne steg anvendelsen af ordet: I et indlæg i Berlingske Tidende i 1990 taler forfatteren Jane Aamund om forskellige sociale eller mentale lag som parallelsamfund. ("Vi har fået to parallelsamfund, vindere og tabere".) Tilsvarende beskrev journalisten Monica Krog-Meyer i 1995 i en artikel i Ekstra Bladet livet i den danske overklasse, middelklasse og underklasse som parallelle samfund. Også oplysningsforbundet HOF, industri- og landbrugssamfundet, opbygningen af alternative institutioner for civilsamfundet blandt den albansktalende befolkning i det serbisk-styrede Kosova og rodløse, danske unge, der skaber fællesskaber omkring graffiti-kulturen, blev beskrevet som parallelsamfund i 1990'erne.

Parallelsamfund i integrationsdebatten

I Tyskland blev ordet "Parallelgesellschaft" anvendt i debatten om indvandring og integration af sociologen Wilhelm Heitmeyer i en artikel i 1996, og derefter bredte det sig i den tyske offentlighed. I 1998 blev ordet "parallelsamfund" for første gang brugt om indvandring og integration af muslimer i Danmark i en artikel i Jyllands-Posten, der citerer den daværende socialdemokrat Mogens Camre: "Han (Camre) er blot bekymret for, at der i Danmark bliver skabt et parallel-samfund med andre normer og værdier". Camre lånte ordet fra sine tyske kolleger i Europa-Parlamentet. Fra dette tidspunkt blev betegnelsen stadig oftere anvendt i Danmark, og fra 2002 i de allerfleste tilfælde i forbindelse med indvandring. I 2004 skete der ifølge von Freiesleben en kraftig stigning i anvendelsen af begrebet i den danske debat. I maj 2004 optrådte det således i den danske regerings officielle strategi mod ghettoisering. I 2010 blev begrebet yderligere almindeligt, og indgik i titlen på lanceringen af regeringens ghettoplan: "Ghettoen tilbage til samfundet. Et opgør med parallelsamfund i Danmark". I perioden 2003-2013 blev ordet parallelsamfund i alt anvendt knap 9.000 gange i medierne af politikere, journalister og eksperter ifølge von Freieslebens optælling.

Problemstillinger i Danmark

I integrationsdebatten i Danmark har der bl.a. på retsområdet været peget på eksempler, hvor det lokale civilsamfund har fungeret som alternativ til det offentlige retssystem, så konflikter bliver løst uden om politi og domstole. Ofte sker det ved mægling eller medvirken af lokale religiøse autoriteter som imamer. I 2008 fortalte beboerformand Mohammed Aslam fra boligområdet Mjølnerparken i København til Berlingske Tidende, at fænomenet med et retssystem udenom politiet var velkendt i området: "I Mjølnerparken benytter man en metode, hvor børn og unge, der har begået hærværk stilles overfor de forurettede med krav om betaling. »Det sker med udgangspunkt i at give de unge en chance. Så den unge ikke kommer i fængsel og bliver endnu mere kriminel,« siger Mohammed Aslam og understreger, at han ikke kender til, at fænomenet er organiseret." I 2016 berettede TV2, at Fredens Moske ved Aarhus har benyttet et shariaråd, der tager udgangspunkt i islamiske regler. Også den katolske kirke i Danmark har sin egen kirkelige domstol, og det samme har det jødiske samfund.

I 2016 fremlagde den danske regering to handlingsplaner til bekæmpelse af parallelsamfund. Fokus heri var især at bekæmpe ekstremisme og radikalisering blandt unge muslimer samt at forebygge negativ social kontrol i form af æresrelaterede konflikter, genopdragelsesrejser og tvangsægteskaber.

Den palæstinensisk-danske forfatter Ahmad Mahmoud har i sin bog Sort land om sin opvækst i boligkvarteret Askerød i Hundige beskrevet en tilværelse, der på mange måder udgjorde et kulturelt parallelsamfund med tæsk i hverdagen, koranskoler, arrangerede ægteskaber, bander og fastlåste kønsrollemønstre.

Officiel dansk statistisk definition

I 2021 blev den kategori af udsatte boligområder, der de seneste foregående år officielt var blevet kategoriseret som ghettoer af den danske regering ud fra forskellige kriterier for beboersammensætningens beskæftigelse, uddannelsesniveau, herkomst og udbredelsen af kriminalitet, omdøbt til parallelsamfund. Den officielle sprogbrug bestemmes altså ifølge lovgivningen i denne sammenhæng af nogle helt bestemte statistiske kriterier. Mere specifikt er et parallelsamfund i denne forstand kendetegnet ved, at der er tale om et alment boligområde med mindst 1.000 beboere, hvoraf over halvdelen er indvandrere eller efterkommere fra ikke-vestlige lande, og hvor samtidig mindst to af de følgende fire kriterier er opfyldt:

 Andelen af 18-64-årige uden tilknytning til arbejdsmarkedet eller uddannelse overstiger 40 procent (gennemsnit for de seneste to år).
 Andelen af beboere dømt for overtrædelse af straffeloven, våbenloven eller lov om euforiserende stoffer udgør mindst 3 gange landsgennemsnittet opgjort som gennemsnit over de seneste to år.
 Andelen af beboere i alderen 30-59 år, der alene har en grunduddannelse, overstiger 60 pct. af samtlige beboere i samme aldersgruppe.
 Den gennemsnitlige bruttoindkomst for skattepligtige i alderen 15-64 år i området eksklusive uddannelsessøgende er mindre end 55 pct. af den gennemsnitlige bruttoindkomst for samme gruppe i regionen.

Baggrunden for navneskiftet var, at boligminister Kaare Dybvad ønskede at undgå brugen af ordet "ghetto", der kan virke stigmatiserende.

Pr. 1. december 2021 var der i henhold til disse kriterier 12 parallelsamfund i Danmark.

Kilder

Subkulturer
Samfund

Parallelsamfund


Jersey, una dependencia británica, es una isla de 118,2 kilómetros cuadrados, incluida la tierra recuperada y la zona intermareal. Está situada en el canal de la Mancha, aproximadamente 12 millas náuticas (22 km) de la península de Cotentin, en Normandía, Francia, y aproximadamente 87 millas náuticas (161 km) al sur de Gran Bretaña. Es la mayor y más meridional de las islas del Canal. El clima es templado, con inviernos suaves y veranos frescos. La temperatura promedio anual, 11,6 °C es similar a la costa sur de Inglaterra, mientras que la media anual total de sol de 1918 horas es superior a en cualquier lugar del Reino Unido.

Además de la isla principal, incluye otros islotes y arrecifes con una población permanente: Écréhous, Minquiers, Pierres de Lecq y Les Dirouilles.

El punto más bajo en la isla es el Océano Atlántico, y el más alto es Les Platons, con 136 metros de altura. El terreno es generalmente de baja altitud en la costa sur, con algunas puntas rocosas, subiendo gradualmente a lo largo de los escarpados acantilados de la costa norte. En la costa occidental hay dunas de arena. Pequeños valles corren de norte a sur a través de la isla. La variación de la marea expone las grandes extensiones de arena y roca hacia el sureste durante la marea baja.

El 66% de la superficie de la isla se utiliza para tierra cultivable, y el 34% restante se utiliza para otros fines.

Medio ambiente
Los actuales problemas ambientales de Jersey incluyen la eliminación de residuos, la contaminación del aire y el tráfico.

Enlaces externos

Geografía de Jersey


G3 Live: Rockin' in the Free World, Amerikalı gitar ustası ve besteci Joe Satriani önderliğindeki bir canlı konser projesi olan G3'ün "G3 Turnesi: 2003" (G3 Tour: 1996 ; kısaca G3 2003 ya da G3'03) olarak anılan turnesine ait bir konser kaydıdır ve 2004'te yayınlanmıştır. Bu turnede Joe Satriani'ye eşlik eden diğer gitar ustaları, Steve Vai ve Yngwie Malmsteen olmuştur.

Parçalar

Disk 1

Disk 2

Kaynakça
 AMG allmusic'de G3 Live: Rockin' in the Free World .
 Satriani.com'da G3 tour: 2003 .
 Notlar

Steve Vai albümleri
G3 Live: Rockin' in the Free World
G3 Live: Rockin' in the Free World
G3 Live: Rockin' in the Free World
G3 Live: Rockin' in the Free World

G3 Live: Rockin' in the Free World


est le huitième album studio de Cat Stevens. Le titre lui est venu alors qu'il se rendait à un concert dans un avion avec un Bouddha dans une main et une boîte de chocolats dans l'autre. Il pensa que s'il devait mourir dans l'avion, ce seraient les derniers objets avec lui, et il serait pris entre le spirituel et le matériel. L'album penche vers le chemin spirituel, et est une indication de la direction que sa vie allait suivre.

Liste des pistes
Toutes les chansons sont de Cat Stevens, paroles et musiques.

Side one
  – 4:21
  – 2:36
  – 4:35
  – 3:10
 Jesus – 2:14

Side two
  – 3:18
  – 5:07
  – 3:21
  – 3:38

Personnel
 Cat Stevens – chant, guitare, synthétiseur, claviers), producteur, design, concept, illustrations
 Alun Davies – guitare acoustique, chant
 Bruce Lynch – basse
 Jean Roussel – claviers, arrangements de cordes
 Gerry Conway  – batterie, percussions, chœurs

Album musical sorti en 1974
Album de Cat Stevens
Album publié par Island Records
Album publié par A&M Records
Album enregistré aux studios Morgan Sound

Buddha and the Chocolate Box


Ester Alexandra Crețu (), cunoscută profesional ca Ester Peony (o adaptare în limba engleză a numelui mamei ei, Bujorica), este o cântăreață și compozitoare româno-canadiană. Ea a reprezentat România la Concursul Muzical Eurovision 2019 cu piesa "On a Sunday". Din martie 2019, Ester Peony este artistă a casei de discuri Cat Music.

Biografie
Ester Alexandra Crețu s-a născut în 1993 în Câmpulung. Și-a petrecut copilăria în Montréal, Canada, unde a început să studieze jazz-ul de la vârsta de opt ani. Patru ani mai târziu s-a întors în România și s-a înscris la Liceul de Artă "Dinu Lipatti" din Pitești, secția Pian. La 13 ani s-a transferat la secția Chitară clasică până în clasa a IX-a, când și-a continuat studiile la secția Canto clasic. În 2013 a fost admisă la Facultatea de Interpretare Muzicală din cadrul Universității Naționale de Muzică din București, unde a studiat jazz-ul. Un an mai târziu, Ester Peony a început să compună pentru artiști precum DJ Rynno, Sylvia, Tamy și Pepe.

Carieră muzicală

2015–2018: Debutul
În 2014, Ester s-a făcut remarcată în mediul online prin înregistrarea unor coveruri în stil propriu, fapt care i-a adus aprecierea internauților, dar și piatra de temelie către semnarea unui contract cu o casă de discuri din România. Un an mai târziu, Ester a debutat pe radio și TV cu piesa "Sub aripa ta". O coproducție MusicExpertCompany–Sprint Music, "Sub aripa ta" este compusă de Mahia Beldo, iar versurile sunt scrise de Doddy și Vescan. Piesa s-a clasat săptămâni la rând în topurile radiourilor și posturilor TV de muzică din România. În aceeași perioadă, Ester a început să concerteze atât solo, cât și în cadrul unui turneu organizat prin țară alături de Puya, Vescan, Doddy și Anastasia. În 2018 lansează primul EP, "Dig It", unde Ester se numără printre principalii compozitori.

2019: Concursul Muzical Eurovision
Pe 20 decembrie 2018, Televiziunea Română a anunțat cei 24 de semifinaliști ai Selecției Naționale 2019, printre aceștia regăsindu-se și Ester Peony. În a doua semifinală, organizată la Arad, "On a Sunday", piesă compusă de Ester și Alexandru Șerbu, pe versurile Ioanei Victoria Badea, a fost selectată de juriul național pentru a accede în finala din 17 februarie 2019. În finala de la București, piesa s-a clasat pe primul loc, cu un total de 65 de puncte, 62 din partea juriului internațional și trei acordate prin televot. Victoria ei este una surprinzătoare, având în vedere că ocupantele locurilor 2 și 3, respectiv Laura Bretan și Bella Santiago, erau considerate marile favorite în finala Eurovision România 2019.

Viață personală
Ester Peony este într-o relație cu Alexandru Șerbu, producătorul piesei "On a Sunday".

Discografie

EP-uri

Single-uri

Note

Legături externe
  Ester Peony pe Facebook
  Ester Peony pe Instagram

Cântărețe române
Bucureșteni
Români din Canada
Reprezentanții României la Eurovision
Eurovision 2019

Ester Peony


Alfred "Alfie" Burden (* 14. Dezember 1976 in Paddington, London) ist ein englischer Snookerspieler, der mit Unterbrechungen seit 1994 auf der Snooker Main Tour spielt. Anfang der 2000er Jahre wurde er zeitweise auf Platz 38 der Snookerweltrangliste geführt.

Karriere

Anfänge und Profikarriere bis 2010
In seiner Jugend spielte Burden Fußball, unter anderem bei Juniorenteams vom FC Arsenal und von Swindon Town. Ein schwerwiegender Bruch des Beines verhinderte aber eine Karriere als Fußballer. So begann sich Burden auf den Snookersport zu fokussieren. 1993 wurde er englischer U17-Meister, des Weiteren englischer Vize-U19-Meister. Schließlich trat er zur Saison 1994/95 dem Profizirkus bei. Seine Leistungen waren aber in den ersten Saisons recht enttäuschend. Ein erster Achtungserfolg gelang ihm, als er die finale Qualifikationsrunde der Snookerweltmeisterschaft 1997 erreichte. Dennoch war er nur auf Platz 122 geführt, als eine Modusänderung eine sportliche Qualifikation für die Profitour erforderlich machte. Diese erbrachte er aber im Rahmen der WPBSA Qualifying School. Danach verbesserten sich seine Ergebnisse weiter. Er erreichte die Hauptrunde der Snookerweltmeisterschaft 1998, das Achtelfinale des Grand Prix 1997 und gewann darüber hinaus die UK Tour 1998/99. Somit verbesserte sich Burden auf Platz 61. In den folgenden Jahren gehörte Burden zu den regelmäßigen Hauptrundenteilnehmern. Beim Malta Grand Prix 2000 gelang ihm eine weitere Achtelfinalteilnahme; beim Merseyside Professional 2000 sogar eine Halbfinalteilnahme, das Turnier war aber ohne Einfluss auf die Weltrangliste. In dieser Zeit wurde Burden stets in den Top 64 geführt, zwei Saisons in Folge sogar auf Platz 38.

Danach verschlechterten sich Burdens Ergebnisse aber so, dass er fortwährend gegen den Verlust des Profistatus kämpfte. Nachdem seine Ergebnisse Mitte 2006 bereits nicht mehr ausgereicht hatten, er aber ganz knapp über die Einjahreswertung einen Startplatz für zwei weitere Saisons erhielt, verlor er 2008 erneut den Profistatus. Diesmal gab es keinen doppelten Boden. Im Folgenden unternahm Burden zahlreiche Versuche, den Profistatus wieder zu erlangen, unter anderem über die Pontin's International Open Series und die English Amateur Championship. Erst bei der Amateurweltmeisterschaft 2009 hatte er aber Erfolg, als er sich mit einem Finalsieg über Igor Figueiredo zum Amateurweltmeister kürte. Als solcher wurde er zur Saison 2010/11 wieder Profispieler.

Zweite Karrierehälfte mit mehrfacher Neuqualifikation für die Profitour
Burdens Ergebnisse, die insbesondere bei Events der Players Tour Championship überdurchschnittlich waren, reichten für ihn zunächst aus, um sich in den Top 64 zu platzieren. Erst Mitte 2015 rutschte er aus diesen heraus und belegte nur noch Rang 67, wodurch er nicht mehr für die nächste Saison qualifiziert war. Über die Asian Tour Order of Merit, einer zusammengerechneten Rangliste aus den Ergebnissen der asiatischen Events der Players Tour Championship, konnte Burden aber diese Qualifikation erbringen. Nachdem er bereits auf Amateurebene einige Maximum Breaks erzielt hatte, gelang Burden bei den English Open 2016 sein erstes professionelles 147er-Break. Dank Viertelfinalteilnahmen bei den Gibraltar Open 2015, bei den China Open 2016, beim European Masters 2016 und bei den Gibraltar Open 2017 schaffte er es darüber hinaus, wieder einen Platz in den Top 64 zu ergattern, doch nach einer schlechteren Saison 2017/18 rutschte er wieder aus diesen heraus und verpasste damit wieder einmal die direkte Qualifikation für die nächste Saison. Zwischenzeitlich war er wegen langjährigen Verstößen gegen die Wettregeln für sechs Monate auf Bewährung gesperrt worden und musste 5.000 £ zahlen. Wie schon 2006 rettete ihn diesmal die Einjahresrangliste.

Abgesehen von einer Viertelfinalteilnahme bei den Scottish Open 2018 konnte Burden in den folgenden zwei Spielzeiten aber nicht mehr die nötigen Ergebnisse erzielen, um sich in den Top 64 zu platzieren, wodurch er 2020 erneut den Profistatus verlor. Da Burden diesmal die anderen Möglichkeiten nicht erfüllt hatte, versuchte er bei der Q School sein Glück. Im dritten Event brauchte er nur noch einen Sieg für die sofortige Wiederqualifikation, doch er unterlag Steven Hallworth. Danach beendete er seine Snooker-Karriere. Seit 2021 nimmt er aber an Seniorenturnieren teil. Bei dieser Gelegenheit gab Burden bekannt, mit dem Versuch eines Comebacks auf der Profitour zu liebäugeln. Tatsächlich meldete er sich wenige Wochen später zur Q School an. Nach einer frühen Niederlage beim ersten Event konnte er sich mit einem Sieg über Michael Collumb beim zweiten Event für zwei weitere Profispielzeiten ab 2021 qualifizieren. In seiner Comebacksaison verlor aber fast alle Auftaktspiele; seine besten Ergebnisse waren die dritte Runde bei den Northern Ireland Open und die zweite Runde des European Masters. Am Saisonende gerade mal auf Platz 115 geführt, startete die zweite Saison auf ähnlichem Niveau wie die erste. Erst bei der UK Championship gelangen ihm die ersten beiden Siege, einer davon gegen Alexander Ursenbacher. Auch das zweite Aufeinandertreffen bei der Weltmeisterschaft entschied er für sich. Obwohl er damit bei den beiden wichtigsten Turnieren Runde 3 erreicht hatte, schloss er mangels weiterer Erfolge in der Rangliste nur um Platz 100 ab und die Tourzugehörigkeit war erneut verloren.

Im Anschluss an die Saison traf er im ersten Gruppenhalbfinale in der Q School erneut auf den Schweizer, doch diesmal siegte Ursenbacher. Im zweiten Turnier schaffte er aber den Finaleinzug und mit einem umkämpften 4:3 gegen Julian Bojko sicherte er sich zwei weitere Profijahre.

Burden ist zweifacher Vater und lebt im Umland von London. Während seiner Karriere trainierte Burden häufig mit seinem Freund Jimmy White. Darüber hinaus ist er seit seinen Tagen im Juniorenfußball mit Frank Lampard befreundet. Neben dem Fußball und dem Snooker übte Burden zeitweise auch das Boxen aus.

Erfolge

Weblinks

 Alfie Burden bei World Snooker (englisch)

 Alfie Burden bei WPBSA SnookerScores (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Snookerspieler (England)
Engländer
Brite
Geboren 1976
Mann

Alfred Burden


An Orthophytum conquistense in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Elton Martinez Carvalho Leme ngan M.Machado. An Orthophytum conquistense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Orthophytum, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Orthophytum

Orthophytum conquistense


Et Weihnachtsberg er en bjerglignende efterligning af landskabet i Erzgebirge, der opsættes indendørs i juletiden. Der vises dels motiver med julekrybbe og minedrift og dels lokale ting. De indsatte figurer og maskiner kan være bevægelige og drives i så fald mekanisk.

Weichnachtsberge har deres oprindelse i Buckelbergwerke fra det 18. århundrede, der var vitriner, der gengav minedrift. I det 19. århundrede kom julemotiverne til.

Litteratur
 Fachschule für Tourismus des Instituts für Soziale und Kulturelle Bildung e. V. (udg.): Heimat- und Weihnachtsberge des Sächsischen Erzgebirges. Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, 2012, .
 Claus Leichsenring: Weihnachtsberge & Heimatberge. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Volkskultur im sächsischen Erzgebirge. Gumnior, 2004, .
 Gunter Bergmann: Kleines sächsisches Wörterbuch. Reclam, 2009, .

Eksterne henvisninger
 Wolfgang Süß: "Neue Weihnachtsberge" …der Bau von Weihnachtsbergen und Buckelbergwerken

Jul
Tysk kultur

Weihnachtsberg


Die Jamaican Olympic Ice Hockey Federation ist der nationale Eishockeyverband Jamaikas, der seinen Sitz in Kingston hat.

Geschichte
Der Verband wurde Ende 2011 gegründet und im Mai 2012 in die Internationale Eishockey-Föderation aufgenommen. Der Verband gehört zu den assoziierten Mitgliedern der IIHF und hat daher in deren Vollversammlung kein Stimmrecht. Aktueller Präsident ist Edmond L. Phillipps junior.

Weblinks
 Jamaika auf der Webseite der IIHF (englisch)
 Offizielle Website der Jamaican Olympic Ice Hockey Federation (englisch)

Eishockeyverband
Eishockey (Jamaika)
Organisation (Kingston, Jamaika)
Gegründet 2011
Sport (Kingston, Jamaika)
Nationaler Sportverband
Sportverband (Jamaika)

Jamaican Olympic Ice Hockey Federation


منطقة تل أبيض منطقة سورية إدارية تتبع محافظة الرقة ومركزها مدينة تل أبيض، بلغ تعداد سكان المنطقة 129,714 نسمة حسب التعداد السكاني لعام 2004.

نواحي منطقة تل أبيض
ناحية مركز تل أبيض
ناحية سلوك
ناحية عين عيسى

السكان
وفقًا لمصادر متعدّدة، يشكل العرب غالبية السكان في كل من مدينة تل أبيض ومنطقة تل أبيض.

المصادر

منطقة تل أبيض
تل أبيض

منطقة تل أبيض


La Liguilla Pre-Sudamericana 2003 fue la 2ª versión de la Liguilla Pre-Sudamericana, torneo clasificatorio para Copa Sudamericana organizado por la Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional. Participaron equipos de la Primera División de Chile y la Primera B. Los ganadores de esta edición en calidad de invictos fueron Universidad Católica y Provincial Osorno, que derrotaron a Deportes Antofagasta y Palestino, respectivamente, en la llave final.

Programación

Resultados

Primera fase

Segunda fase

Tercera fase

Finales

Finales

Universidad Católica y Provincial Osorno ganaron la Liguilla y clasificaron a Copa Sudamericana 2003.

Véase también

 Liguilla Pre-Sudamericana (Chile)
 Temporada 2003 del fútbol chileno
 Torneo Apertura 2003
 Torneo Clausura 2003

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Chile 2003 RSSSF

Liguilla Pre-Sudamericana (Chile)
Temporada 2003 de fútbol en Chile

Liguilla Pre-Sudamericana 2003 (Chile)


Otohimella, monotipski rod crvenih algi iz porodice Liagoraceae. Jedina je vrsta morska alga O. japonica uz pacifičku obalu Japana, Filipina, Kine, Koreje i Vijetnama

Sinonimi
 Liagora japonica Yamada 1938

Izvori

Liagoraceae

Otohimella