كراي إكس تي 5 (بالإنجليزية:Cray XT5) هو الإصدار المحدث من الكمبيوتر العملاق Cray XT4 ، والذي تم إطلاقه في 6 نوفمبر 2007. يتضمن إصدارًا أسرع من جهاز التوجيه SeaStar2 الخاص بـ XT4 المسمى SeaStar2 + تتميز الحواسب الفائقة من نوع Cray XT5 بقدرة فائقة على زيادة الأداء وهي تستخدم معالجات إيه إم دي أبترون التي تحوي من أربع إلى ثمان نواة معالجة ويتم استخدام ذاكرة فيزيائية من نوع DDR2. يتميز هذا النظام بمقدرة كبيرة على التعامل مع قواعد البيانات الضخمة لتوفر أداء عالي في التطبيقات الضخمة ويتفادى هذا النظام التعقيدات الزمنية التي قد تنتج مع البنى العنقودية في المعالجة التعددية المتوازية.

الحوسبة المتوازية (التفرعية) هو الاستخدام المتزايد للمعالجات متعددة (وحدات المعالجة المركزية) للقيام بالأعمال الحاسوبية معا. في الأجهزة التقليدية البرمجة (التسلسلية)، ومعالج واحد ينفذ تعليمات البرنامج في خطوة خطوة. بيد أن بعض العمليات تتكون من العديد من الخطوات التي لا يرتبط بعضها ببعض، وبالتالي يمكن تقسيمها إلى مهام متعددة ليتم تنفيذها في وقت واحد. على سبيل المثال، إضافة عدد إلى جميع عناصر مصفوفة لا يتطلب أن تكون النتيجة التي يتم الحصول عليها من حساب أحد العناصر قبل نتيجة حساب العنصر التالي. لذلك فأن حساب العناصر في المصفوفة من الممكن أن تتاح لمعالجات متعددة والمجاميع من الممكن أن نؤديها في وقت واحد، وسنحصل على النتائج بسرعة أكبر بكثير بالشكل التفرعي فيما إذا تمت العمليات بشكل تسلسلي.

الحوسبة المتوازية ممكن أن نؤديها على أنظمة الذاكرة المشتركة(shared-memory systems) مع وحدات المعالجة المركزية المتعددة، أو وزعت على مجموعات من الذواكر والعناقيد(distributed-memory clusters) التي تتكون من أنظمة الذاكرة المشتركة الأصغر، أو نظم وحدة المعالجة المركزية الوحيدة.

ميزاته

البنية التكوينية

يتكون هذا الحاسب من عدة خزائنcabinets التي هي أكبر مكون حجمي وتحوي كل منها عدة شفرات وكل شفرة يوجد فيها أربع عقد التي يختلف فيها عددالمعالجات حسب نوع العقدة التي قد تكون إما عقدة خدمة المتضمنة معالج واحد من نوع AMD Opteron وإما أن تكون معالجة التي تحوي معالجين أيضاً من نوع AMD Opteron وإن اجتماع هذه الخزائن يكون البنية التفرعية.
نظراً لما سبق فإن الشفرة الواحدة يمكن أن يصل عدد نوى المعالجة فيها إلى 64 نواة، كما أن كل خزانة تحوي 192 معالج وبالتالي فإن كل خزانة تحوي 768 أو 1536نواة معالجة.

أداء واستهلاك الكبينة
إن معيار floaps يقدر ب 7إلى 12تيرا لكل خزانة وهذه الخزانة تستهلك طاقة بما يقدر32 إلى 42.7كيلو واط.

بنيته التفرعية
ان لكل معالج ذاكرة خاصة به وعندما يريد معالج ما في عقدة معينة الوصول إلى بيانات موجودة لدى عقدة أخرى فإنه يدخل إلى شبكة توصيل تؤمن له هذا النفاذ.إذاً يعتبر هذا البنيان من نوعميمد

كما أنه يعتمد نظام الذاكرة الموزعة أي يمكن توصيفه بأنه:Distributed Memory _ Multiple Instruction Multiple Data

شبكات التوصيل
يعتمد هذا النظام الشبكة العروية للتوصيل التي تتميز أنها ثلاثية الأبعاد فالعقدة تحوي شريحة توصيل من نوع Cray SeaStar2+ التي تؤمن اتصال العقدة مع ست عقد أخرى بواسطة ست وصلات بعرض حزمة 9.6GB/s.

المعالج والذواكر
إن كل نواة في المعالج تملك ذاكرة خابية للتعليمات بسعة 64KB وذاكرة خابية أخرى للبيانات بسعة 65KB وهاتان الذاكرتان هما من المستوى الأول أما المستوى الثاني فإن لكل نواة هناك ذاكرة خابية من المستوى الثاني بسعة 512kb وهناك ذاكرة مشتركة بسعة 6MB. إن لكل عقدة هناك ذاكرة مستقلة من نو DDR2مع وجود تقنية تصحيح الأخطاءECC.

تطور نظام XT

Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Cray XT5 "Jaguar" Supercomputer
World's Most Powerful Computer is #1 on Top500
تطور نظام XT

إن نظام XT قد نما بسرعة خلال سلسلة من التقدم منذ أن تم تثبيتها على النحو 25 تيرافلوب(25-teraflop) XT3 في عام 2005. بحلول أوائل عام 2008 كان جاكوار هو كراي XT4 (Cray XT4) 263 –تيرافلوب(263-teraflop) قادرة على حل بعض المشاكل الأكثر تحديا التي لا يمكن حلها بطريقة أخرى. في عام 2008 تم توسيع جاكوار مع إضافة كراي XT5 1.4 petaflop، وفي خريف عام 2009 تمت ترقية النظام مع ستة نوى إيه إم دي أوبتيرون(Six-Core AMD Opteron processors)، وزيادة عدد من نوى المعالجة لأكثر من 000,224 مرتبطة داخليا مع شبكتها + SeaStar2

جاكوار كراي XT5 النظام المثبت في DOE's Oak Ridge National Laboratory مختبر أوك ريدج الوطني في المرتبة الثانية، حيث بلغ 1.059 petaflop / s.

التقسيم XT5 Partition

التقسيم
XT5 يحتوي على 224,256 نواة للحساب فقط بالإضافة إلى عقد مكرسة للدخول / عقد الخدمة. كل عقدة حساب يحتوي على اثنين من ست معالجات أيه إم دي أوبتيرون، 16GB الذاكرة، وجهاز توجيه سيستار2 +
وجهاز توجيه سيستار2 + يحتوي على peak bandwidth of 57.6GB/s
نظام التشغيل لجاكوار هي بيئة كراي لينكس. هذه عبارة عن نسخة كاملة المواصفات من لينكس على عقد الخدمة، وعقدة الحساب لينكس النواة-المصغرة على عقد الحساب

نظام كراي XT5
صمم من الألف إلى الياء من أجل قابلية التوسيع وهو مصمم لضمان الأداء العالي للتطبيقات والوصول السريع للدخل /الخرج إلى قواعد البيانات الكبيرة.
باستخدام نوى المعالج أيه إم دي أوبتيرون ™، فإن نظام كراي XT5 يدعم Cray XT4™ blades

Cray XT5h Hybrid Supercomputer

The blades الشعاعية الحسابية للحاسب العملاق لكراي XT5h تدعى Cray X2 blades وهي تزود bandwidthعالي وقدرة معالجة شعاعية
عقد Cray X2 الحسابية هي نواة البناء للنظام وهي تحوي أربع وحدات معالجة مركزية منفذة ك: four-way SMP، ومع 64 غيغا بايت من الذاكرة المشتركة، كل عقدة Cray X2 هي قادرة على أداء أكثر من 100 غيغا فلوبس من ال peak والأنظمة يمكن تحجيمها إلى 1،024معالجات و 16 تيرابايت من الذاكرة القابلة للعنونة عالميا.

About "Jaguar"XT5 ,XT4
About "Jaguar"XT5 ,XT4:
•	Cray XT computer system نظام كراي إكس تي للكمبيوتر

•	Top500 rank: 1st for XT5 component and 16th for XT4 component

•	XT4 في عناصر المرتبة 16 وXT5 عناصر المرتبة الأولى في

•	2.595 petaflop/s peak for the combined system أداء نظريا (2.332 petaflop/s from XT5 and 0.263 petaflops from XT4)

•	سرعة قصوى: 1.759 petaflop/s actual performance for the XT5 and 0.205 petaflop/s for the XT4 on HPL benchmark program

•	255,584 processing cores

•	XT5: 37,376 AMD six-core Istanbul OpteronTM 2.6 gigahertz processors (224,256 compute cores)

•	XT4: 7,832 AMD four-core Budapest OpteronTM 2.1 gigahertz processors (31,328 compute cores)

•	InfiniBand network connects XT5 and XT4 components

•	Cray SeaStar network interface and router

•	System memory: 362 terabytes (almost three times that of the second largest system)

•	Unmatched input/output bandwidth to read and write files: 284 gigabytes per second

•	Sizable storage: Spider, a 10-petabyte Lustre-based shared file system

•	Speedy Internet connections enable users to access Jaguar from around the world.

انظر أيضاً
 كراي إكس كى 7
 جاكور (حاسوب فائق)

وصلات خارجية
 http://www.cray.com/Assets/PDF/products/xt/Tabor_XT5_Whitepaper.pdf
 http://www.cray.com/Assets/PDF/products/xt/CrayXT5Brochure.pdf
 http://www.cray.com/Assets/PDF/products/xt/CrayXT5Blade.pdf

مراجع

 http://cray.com/assets/PDF/products/CrayXT5.pdf

منتجات كراي

كراي إكس تي 5


An Bothriochloa in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Bothriochloa in nahilalakip ha familia nga Poaceae.

Ilarom nga taxa

 Bothriochloa alta
 Bothriochloa barbinodis
 Bothriochloa biloba
 Bothriochloa bladhii
 Bothriochloa bunyensis
 Bothriochloa campii
 Bothriochloa compressa
 Bothriochloa decipiens
 Bothriochloa edwardsiana
 Bothriochloa ensiformis
 Bothriochloa erianthoides
 Bothriochloa eurylemma
 Bothriochloa ewartiana
 Bothriochloa exaristata
 Bothriochloa grahamii
 Bothriochloa hirtifolia
 Bothriochloa hybrida
 Bothriochloa imperatoides
 Bothriochloa insculpta
 Bothriochloa ischaemum
 Bothriochloa kuntzeana
 Bothriochloa laguroides
 Bothriochloa longifolia
 Bothriochloa longipaniculata
 Bothriochloa macera
 Bothriochloa macra
 Bothriochloa meridionalis
 Bothriochloa pertusa
 Bothriochloa pseudoischaemum
 Bothriochloa radicans
 Bothriochloa saccharoides
 Bothriochloa springfieldii
 Bothriochloa velutina
 Bothriochloa woodrovii
 Bothriochloa wrightii

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Bothriochloa

Bothriochloa


An Luzula calabra in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Michele Tenore. An Luzula calabra in nahilalakip ha genus nga Luzula, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Luzula

Luzula calabra


Turnbull & Asser er et britisk skrædderi, der fremstiller skjorter, slips og andet klassisk herreekvipering. Virksomheden blev grundlagt i 1885, og dets flagskibsbutik ligger i Jermyn Street i St James's i London. Der er yderligere to butikker i London og to i New York City.

Turnbull & Asser har syet tøj til prins Charles, Sir Winston Churchill, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, John Kerry, Charlie Chaplin og Picasso. På trods af at være ekstremt traditionelt er firmaet kendt for livlige farver på skjorter, sokker, strik og slips, der alle bliver produceret i Storbritannien.

Siden sin ungdom har prins Charles, købt skjorter fra Turnbull & Asser. I 1980 gjorde han firmaet til kongelig hofleverandør, som det første med den såkaldte Royal Warrant. Han får også jakkesæt fra Turnbull & Asser, fremstillet på den tidligere Chester Barrie-fabrik i Crewe, Cheshire.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
Britisk hjemmeside
Amerikansk hjemmeside

Beklædningsvirksomheder fra Storbritannien
Etableret i 1885
Virksomheder i London

Turnbull & Asser


Anton Wladimirowitsch Zirin (; * 10. August 1987) ist ein kasachischer Fußballtorhüter.

Karriere

Verein
Von 2007 bis 2011 spielte er für Ertis Pawlodar. Mit Pawlodar warf er in der ersten Runde der Qualifikation zur Europa League 2011 den polnischen Vertreter Jagiellonia Białystok aus dem Wettbewerb, in der zweiten Runde scheiterte man an Metalurgi Rustawi. 2012 wechselte er zu Aqschajyq Oral, dem Aufsteiger in die kasachische Premjer-Liga.

Nationalmannschaft
Sein Debüt für die kasachische Nationalelf feierte er 2011.

Weblinks

 UEFA-Statistik

Fußballnationaltorhüter (Kasachstan)
Fußballtorhüter (Ertis Pawlodar)
Fußballtorhüter (Aqschajyq Oral)
Fußballtorhüter (Schetissu Taldyqorghan)
Fußballtorhüter (FK Atyrau)
Fußballtorhüter (Oqschetpes Kökschetau)
Fußballtorhüter (Qaisar Qysylorda)
Fußballtorhüter (FK Qysyl-Schar SK)
Sowjetbürger
Kasache
Geboren 1987
Mann

Anton Zirin


El Vuelo 952 de Hewa Bora Airways fue un vuelo regular doméstico de pasajeros desde el aeropuerto N'djili, Kinshasa, República Democrática del Congo al aeropuerto de Bangoka, Kisangani. El 8 de julio de 2011, el Boeing 727 que operaba chocó contra el suelo durante la aproximación visual a la pista 31.

Avión

El avión implicado fue un Boeing 727-300, número de serie 18933, registro 9Q-COP. El avión había entrado en servicio con Lufthansa el 29 de septiembre de 1965 y había operado para Condor Flugdienst, Jet Aviation, Imperial Palace Air y el Gobierno de Benín antes de ser adquirido por Hewa Bora Airways en abril de 2010.

En 2004, el avión estuvo operando en la República Democrática del Congo bajo el registro de Suazilandia 3D-BOC. Este registro fue cancelado en 2005 y el avión comenzó entonces a ser operado bajo el registro de São Tomé y Príncipe S9-DBM, pero sin la documentación correcta y sin portar oficialmente ese registro. En 2010, el avión fue re-registrado en la República Democrática del Congo como 9Q-COP. En el momento del accidente tenía 52.613 horas de vuelo.

Accidente
En torno a las 15:00 hora local, el vuelo 952 se estrelló a unos  del aeropuerto internacional de Bangoka, Kisangani, cuando intentaba aterrizar bajo unas condiciones climáticas que incluían fuertes precipitaciones y visibilidad limitada. Se reportaron tormentas en la zona. Un total de 112 pasajeros viajaban a bordo, así como seis tripulantes.

Las informaciones iniciales decían que entre 50 y 127 personas habían muerto, pero la aerolínea más tarde rechazó dar cifras concretas porque las operaciones de rescate estaban aún en curso. Tan sólo dijo que había habido tanto muertos como supervivientes. El número de supervivientes fue ubicado entre 42 y 53. De acuerdo con Mario-Real Shutsha, el secretario general del Congo, un total de 74 personas murieron, y 44 sobrevivieron. Un informe preliminar sacó a la luz que había cinco personas que no figuraban en el registro, lo cual contestó el consejero delegado de Hewa Bora Airways Stavros Papaioannou, diciendo que algunas personas usaban billetes registrados bajo otro nombre para viajar.

Investigación
Se creó una comisión para investigar el incidente. Se publicó un informe preliminar un mes después, en agosto de 2011, sin los datos del piloto de la grabadora de voz de cabina ni de la grabadora de datos de vuelo , que fueron enviados a la Junta Nacional de Seguridad en el Transporte de Estados Unidos para su análisis.

La comisión descubrió que la tripulación del vuelo 952 había calculado mal las condiciones meteorológicas en su destino y que la información meteorológica que les proporcionaron los controladores de tráfico aéreo en Kisangani era incorrecta.

También se supo que el comandante de la aeronave estaba autorizado para volar MD-82 , pero su licencia de Boeing 727 había expirado y estaba esperando renovación. Se descubrió que la torre de control de Kisangani no tenía suficiente personal y algunos de los controladores de tráfico aéreo no tenían las licencias correspondientes. Las dos instalaciones que se suponía que debían registrar todas las comunicaciones de radio del tráfico aéreo en la torre tampoco estaban operativas.

Consecuencias
El Ministerio de Transportes de la República Democrática del Congo suspendió el Certificado de Operador Aéreo de Hewa Bora Airwayshaciendo referencia a los repetidos accidentes sufridos por la aerolínea, incluyendo los accidentes sufridos por el Vuelo 122 el 15 de abril de 2008 y el accidente del vuelo 601 al aeropuerto N'djili el 21 de junio de 2010.

Véase también
 Accidente de aviación
 Anexo:Accidentes más graves de aviación (1953-presente)
 Anexo:Accidentes e incidentes notables en la aviación civil
 Anexo:Accidentes por fabricante de la aeronave

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Descripción del accidente en Aviation Safety
 Accidente del vuelo 952
 Foto de 9Q-COP, el avión accidentado

República Democrática del Congo en 2011
Hewa Bora Airways
Hewa Bora Airways

Hewa Bora

Vuelo 952 de Hewa Bora Airways


La isla Ush  es una isla en la costa norte de la isla de Sajalín. La isla Ush se encuentra entre una bahía y el mar de Ojotsk, en la desembocadura del golfo de Sajalín.

La isla se extiende aproximadamente de este a oeste con 14 km de longitud y una anchura media de 2,6 km. La ciudad de Moskal'vo y una línea de ferrocarril se encuentran en la pequeña península más allá del canal que separa la isla de Ush del continente en su lado oriental.

Administrativamente la isla Ush pertenece al óblast de Sajalín de la Federación de Rusia.

Referencias

Véase también
 Geografía de Rusia
 Anexo:Islas de Rusia

Ush
Geografía del óblast de Sajalín

Isla Ush


Iamdra Fermín Hernández (nacida el 3 de diciembre de 1984 en Santo Domingo), conocida simplemente como Iamdra, es una presentadora y maestra de ceremonias dominicana, y uno de los íconos juveniles de la televisión en República Dominicana.

Familia y logros personales
Iamdra Fermín nació en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana el 3 de diciembre de 1984. Su madre Blanca Hernández además es productora de televisión y fue comunicadora durante las décadas 80 y principio de los 90. Su abuelo Hugo Hernández Llaverías fue uno de los primeros locutores dominicanos.

Es licenciada en Mercadeo summa cum laude egresada de Universidad Iberoamericana y estudió el diplomado "MBA Essentials" de Intelecta en la Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra. Además es gerente general de TV Educa Productions S.A., empresa productora que preside su madre.

Carrera
Iamdra apareció por primera vez en la televisión dominicana con tan solo ocho meses de nacida en un comercial televisivo a mediados de los 80. La carrera de Iamdra comenzó oficialmente en 1992 realizando comerciales y tendiendo esporádicas apariciones en segmentos infantiles para varios programas televisivos, incluyendo los de su madre.

Su carrera adquirió protagonismo en 1995 cuando entró a formar parte del programa infantil "Topi- Topi" por Radio Televisión Dominicana, destacándose como la presentadora principal. Allí duró alrededor de cinco años como miembro del mismo. El programa está registrado como uno de los más exitosos en la historia dominicana. En 2001, Iamdra condujo su primer programa "Conecta con Iamdra"; más tarde condujo los programas de videos musicales "La Vellonera" y "Top Ten" por Mango TV.

Desde 2003, Iamdra conduce su propio programa "Iamdra Full" por Tele Antillas. En octubre de 2011 el programa pasó de llamarse "Iamdra Full" a solo "Iamdra" buscando una imagen más adulta.

En 2013, Iamdra hizo su debut con una participación en la película Mi angelito favorito de Alfonso Rodríguez.

Referencias

Presentadores de televisión de la República Dominicana
Productores de televisión de República Dominicana
Mercadólogos de la República Dominicana
Nacidos en Santo Domingo

Iamdra Fermín


Évènements
 7 mars : Encyclique Vix dum a Nobis de Pie IX sur les persécutions dont était victime l'Église de l'empire d'Autriche-Hongrie
 13 mars : La basilique de l'Immaculée-Conception de Lourdes est élevée au rang de basilique mineure par Pie IX
 4 mai : « loi d'expatriation » des ecclésiastes interdits de prêche en Allemagne (Kulturkampf)
 13 mai : Encyclique Omnem sollicitudinem de Pie IX sur la liturgie des Églises orientales
 22 mai : La Basilique Sainte-Anne d'Auray est élevée au rang de basilique mineure par Pie IX
 28 août : Érection du diocèse de San Antonio (au Texas)
 24 décembre : Encyclique Gravibus Ecclesiae de Pie IX sur le jubilé universel de l'année 1875

Naissances
 5 janvier : Jules Ruellan, prêtre français, mort pour la France († )
 9 janvier : François-Louis Auvity, prélat français, évêque de Mende († )
 12 janvier :
 Jean-Marie Desgranges, prêtre et homme politique français († )
 Bienheureuse Marthe Wiecka, religieuse polonaise († )
 13 janvier : Joseph-Ernest Van Roey, cardinal belge, Archevêque de Malines et primat de Belgique († )
 14 janvier : Adrian Fortescue, prêtre et artiste britannique († )
 17 janvier : Jean Calvet, prêtre et théologien français († )
 22 janvier : Vincenzo La Puma, cardinal italien de la Curie romaine († )
 26 février : Gabrielle Bossis, actrice, écrivaine et mystique française († )
 2 mars : Jérôme Labourt, prêtre, théologien et historien français († )
 7 mars : Luigi Lavitrano, cardinal italien de la Curie romaine († )
 18 mars : Charles Aimond, prêtre, musicien, écrivain et historien français († )
 30 mars : Honoré-Joseph Coppieters, prélat belge, évêque de Gand († )
 2 avril : Francesco Chiesa, prêtre, théologien et vénérable italien († )
 5 avril :
 Henri du Passage, prêtre jésuite, théologien et écrivain français († )
 Emmanuel Suhard, cardinal français, archevêque de Paris († )
 30 avril : Cyriel Verschaeve, prêtre, homme politique nationaliste et collaborateur flamand († )
 8 mai : Pierre Gourtay, prélat spiritain français, vicaire apostolique de Cayenne († )
 14 mai : Louis Pénicaud, évêque et missionnaire français, vicaire apostolique de Pakhoi († )
 26 mai : Sainte Laura Montoya, religieuse, éducatrice et fondatrice colombienne († )
 6 juin : Nicola Canali, cardinal italien de la Curie romaine († )
 8 juin : Michael Buchberger, prélat allemand, évêque de Ratisbonne († )
 14 juin : Raoul Harscouët, prélat français, évêque de Chartres († )
 18 juin : Marcelina de San José, religieuse, fondatrice et vénérable vénézuélienne († )
 28 juin : Léon-Paul Classe, père blanc, évêque et missionnaire français, vicaire du Rwanda († )
 10 juillet : Jean-Marie Chabert, prêtre français, supérieur général de la Société des missions africaines († )
 11 juillet : Marie-Albert van der Cruyssen, moine cistercien belge et héros de la Première Guerre mondiale († )
 15 août : Patrice Flynn, prélat français, évêque de Nevers († )
 30 août : Laurent Marcelli, religieux passionniste et vénérable italien († )
 31 août : Joseph-Marie Trèves, prêtre, écrivain et résistant italien († )
 5 septembre : Gabriel Brunhes, prélat français, évêque de Montpellier († )
 21 septembre : Wilhelm Koch, prêtre et théologien allemand († )
 27 septembre : Édouard Agnius, prêtre et missionnaire français en Chine, assassiné († )
 3 novembre : Maurice Briault, prêtre, missionnaire au Gabon et écrivain français († )
 3 décembre : Saint Pierre Poveda Castroverde, prêtre, fondateur et martyr espagnol († )
 6 décembre : Henri Petitmangin, prêtre, érudit et latiniste français († )
 10 décembre : Joseph-Jean-Baptiste Hallé, prélat canadien, vicaire apostolique de l'Ontario-Nord († )
 11 décembre : María Francisca de las Llagas Cornejo, religieuse, fondatrice et vénérable équatorienne († )
 12 décembre : François-Jean-Marie Serrand, prélat français, évêque de Saint-Brieuc († )
 19 décembre : François Lemasle, évêque et missionnaire français, vicaire apostolique de Hué († )
 21 décembre : Edmond Chabot, prêtre et compositeur français († )
 23 décembre : Pierre Thomas, dit l'Abbé Thomas, prêtre français († )

Décès
 7 janvier : Philippe Bransiet, prêtre français, supérieur général des Frères des écoles chrétiennes (° )
 8 janvier : Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, prêtre, missionnaire, écrivain et historien français (° )
 24 janvier : Bienheureux Martyrs de Pratulin, 13 laïcs martyrs en Pologne
 8 février : Joseph-Eugène-Bruno Guigues, évêque et missionnaire français, premier évêque d'Ottawa (° )
 15 février : Camillo Tarquini, cardinal, jésuite, canoniste et archéologue italien (° )
 24 février : Alessandro Barnabò, cardinal italien de la Curie romaine (° )
 7 avril : Pietro Avanzini, prêtre, missionnaire et enseignant italien (° )
 24 avril : Friedrich Felix Mencke, prêtre allemand, prévôt militaire catholique d'Allemagne (° )
 4 mai : Marie-Aimée de Jésus, religieuse carmélite, écrivaine et mystique française (° )
 5 mai : Willibald Apollinar Maier, prêtre, théologien et publiciste allemand (° )
 29 mai : Mariano Falcinelli Antoniacci, cardinal italien, diplomate du Saint-Siège (° )
 31 mai : Georges-Antoine Belcourt, prêtre et missionnaire canadien (° )
 4 juin : Louis-Savinien Dupuis, prêtre français, missionnaire en Inde et serviteur de Dieu (° )
 8 juin : Jean-François Landriot, prélat français, archevêque de Reims (° )
 8 juillet : Pierre Marcellin Bonamie, prêtre français, supérieur général de la congrégation des Sacrés-Cœurs de Jésus et de Marie (° )
 11 juillet : Xavier de Merode, officier militaire puis prélat belge (° )
 28 juillet : Charles Fillion, prélat français, évêque du Mans (° )
 8 août : Augustin Theiner, prêtre, théologien et historien allemand (° )
 27 août : Aimé Vayssier, prêtre, philologue et écrivain français (° )
 30 octobre : Jean-Léon Le Prevost, prêtre, fondateur et vénérable français (° )
 31 octobre : Albine Gadbois, en religion Sœur Marie de Bonsecours, religieuse canadienne (° )
 9 novembre : Félix-Pierre Fruchaud, prélat français, archevêque de Tours (° )
 25 novembre : Aloysius Bourgois, prêtre belge, supérieur général des Frères de la charité de Gand (° )
  : Giovanni Maria Cavalleri, religieux barnabite, physicien et astronome italien (° )
 13 décembre : Mère Mary Clare Moore, religieuse, infirmière et enseignante irlandaise (° )
 16 décembre : André-Jean-Marie Hamon, dit l'Abbé Hamon, prêtre et écrivain français (° )

Notes et références

1874
XIXe siècle dans le catholicisme

1874 dans le catholicisme


Benson Mates (* 19. Mai 1919 in Portland (Oregon); † 14. Mai 2009 in Berkeley) war ein US-amerikanischer Philosoph, bekannt für seine Arbeit auf dem Gebiet der Logik, der Geschichte der Philosophie und vor allem des Skeptizismus.

Leben
Mates studierte Mathematik und Philosophie an der University of Oregon, an der Cornell University und an der University of California, Berkeley. Zu seinen Lehrern und Einflüssen zählen John Barkley Rosser, Harold Cherniss und Alfred Tarski. Von 1948 an war er bis zu seiner Emeritierung im Jahr 1989 Professor für Philosophie in Berkeley, er verblieb dort als Emeritus bis zu seinem Tod. 1987 wurde Mates in die American Academy of Arts and Sciences gewählt.
Benson Mates starb nur 5 Tage vor seinem 90. Geburtstag.

Werk
Seine Dissertation aus dem Jahr 1948 On the Logic of the Old Stoa ( 'Über die Logik der älteren Stoa') bildete die Grundlage seiner Monographie Stoic Logic aus dem Jahr 1953. Peter Geach schrieb dazu in seiner Rezension:  Mates' Elementary Logic ( Elementare Logik, 1969, 2. Auflage 1978) war bis in die jüngste Zeit ein weithin gebräuchliches Lehrbuch zur Einführung in die Logik. 1986 erschien eine viel beachtete Arbeit über Leibniz.

In seiner eigenen philosophischen Forschung vertrat Mates eine Position, die sich an die Pyrrhonische Skepsis anlehnt. Mates zufolge sind grundlegende Probleme der Philosophie wie das Lügner-Paradox, die Existenz der Außenwelt und der Freie Wille, verständlich, nicht-trivial und dennoch unlösbar. Im Unterschied zum antiken Pyrrhonismus führen skeptische Argumente für ihn jedoch nicht zur Ataraxie, sondern nur zu einem unbefriedigten Zustand der Verblüffung.

Monografien und Sammelbände

 Benson Mates: Elementary Logic. 1965, deutsch Elementare Logik – Prädikatenlogik der ersten Stufe. zuletzt: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen 1997, ISBN 3-525-40541-3.
 Benson Mates: Skeptical Essays. University of Chicago Press, 1981.
 Benson Mates: The philosophy of Leibniz. Metaphysics and language. Oxford Univ. Pr., New York 1986, ISBN 0-19-503696-4.
 Benson Mates: The Skeptic Way: Sextus Empiricus's Outlines of Pyrrhonism. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996.

Weblinks
 Liste online erhältlicher Veröffentlichungen von Mates auf phipapers.org

Einzelnachweise

Philosoph (20. Jahrhundert)
Sprachphilosoph
Mitglied der American Academy of Arts and Sciences
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1919
Gestorben 2009
Mann

Benson Mates


"Olha, se Você não Me Ama" é uma canção dos cantores e compositores brasileiros Manoel Gomes e Tierry, lançada como single em fevereiro de 2023.

Antecedentes
Durante passagem pela cidade de Salvador, Manoel Gomes conheceu o cantor e compositor Tierry e participou de um dos seus shows cantando músicas como "Caneta Azul". Tierry, por sua vez, o convidou para gravar "Lá Ele", composição do cantor, e também para gravar "Olha, se Você não Me Ama", que não tinha chegado a receber uma gravação oficial. Na época, Tierry afirmou que a parceria com Manoel Gomes tinha o intuito, também, de ajudá-lo a organizar o catálogo musical depois de problemas que Gomes enfrentou com seu ex-empresário.

Composição
"Olha, se Você não Me Ama" é uma composição de Manoel Gomes em parceria com Tierry. A faixa, originalmente, consistia apenas no refrão de Manoel. Ele cantou a música em entrevistas e vídeos, o que ajudou a se tornar um viral antes mesmo de qualquer lançamento oficial. Mais tarde, Tierry criou as demais estrofes da canção. Assim como "Lá Ele", a produção musical da faixa é do tecladista e arranjador Cássio Henrique.

Lançamento
"Olha, se Você não Me Ama" foi lançada em 10 de fevereiro de 2023 pelo selo independente Tiehit Records. O clipe oficial da faixa foi liberado no mesmo dia, no canal de Manoel Gomes, e teve roteiro criado por Tierry.

Ficha técnica
A seguir estão listados os músicos e técnicos envolvidos na produção de "Olha, se Você não Me Ama":
Manoel Gomes - vocais, composição
Tierry - vocais, composição
Cássio dos Santos - produção musical, arranjo e teclado

Canções gravadas por Tierry
Canções gravadas por Manoel Gomes
Singles de 2023
Canções sobre infidelidade

Olha, se Você não Me Ama


kapitulacija
 predaja (šport), odustajanje od dvoboja ili utakmice
 predanje, nepisana povijest, usmena tradicija

Predaja


Edward Burnett Tylor (d. 2 Ekim 1832 – ö. 2 Ocak 1917), Britanyalı antropolog. Antropolojinin kurucusudur.

Antropolojik kültür yaklaşımlarında sosyal antropolojinin kurucusu kabul edilen Edward Burnett Tylor'ın etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Onun kültüre bütüncül yaklaşımı ve "bilgiyi, inancı, sanatı, ahlakı, hukuku, adetleri ve bireyin toplumun bir üyesi olarak kazandığı diğer tüm yeti ve alışkanlıklarını içeren karmaşık bütün" şeklindeki tanımı zamanla eleştirilere konu olsa da büyük oranda sonraki yaklaşımları da etkilemiştir. Evrimci kuram içinde yer alan, istatistik kullanımını antropolojiye kazandıran ve ünlü kültür tanımı ile antropolojik yaklaşımlara esin kaynağı olan Tylor (Testart, 2011: 854), din, inanç, akrabalık, evlilik alanlarında çığır açıcı çalışmalar yapmıştır.

Tylor, animizm kavramını ortak kullanıma yeniden eklemiştir. Animizmi dinlerin gelişiminin ilk aşaması olarak görüyordu.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-Taylor

1832 doğumlular
1917 yılında ölenler
Britanyalı antropologlar

Edward Burnett Tylor


Jessica Marie Susanne Ohlson (nascida a 12 de junho de 1990) é uma política e advogada sueca. Ela foi presidente da Juventude Democrática da Suécia (SDU) de setembro a outubro de 2015 e serviu como secretária do partido Alternativa para a Suécia de 2018 a 2020. Ohlson é advogada assistente no escritório de advocacia do seu pai, Lars Ohlson AB, em Nyköping.

Vida pessoal
Ohlson administra a sua própria empresa e uma empresa limitada chamada Min Galopphäst Sverige AB, com foco em desportos equestres.

Mulheres da Suécia na política
Alunos da Universidade de Uppsala
Pessoas vivas
Nascidos em 1990
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mulheres)

Jessica Ohlson


Tianul este un compus heterociclic hexaciclic cu sulf cu formula chimică (CH2)5S. Este omologul superior al tiolanului.

Obținere
Tianul se obține în urma reacției dintre sulfura de sodiu și 1,5-dibromopentan.

Br-(CH2)5-Br + Na2S → (CH2)5S + 2NaBr

Note

Vezi și
 Piperidină
 Oxan

Compuși heterociclici cu sulf

Tian


කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය , ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ජාතික විශ්වවිද්‍යාල අතරින් එකකි. එය ලංකාවේ ප්‍රධාන නගරය වන කොළඹට ආසන්නයේ ඓතිහාසික කැලණි පුරවරයේ දළුගම පිහිටා ඇත. වර්තමානයේදී පෑලියගොඩ විද්‍යාලංකාර පිරිවෙනේ පරිවේණාධිපති, කොළඹ හලාවත දෙදිසාවේ ප්‍රධාන සංඝනායක, ත්‍රිපිටක වාගීශ්වරාචාර්ය, මහෝපාධ්‍ය, පණ්ඩිත පූජ්‍ය වැලමිටියාවේ ධර්මකීර්ති ශ්‍රී කුසලධම්මාභිධාන ස්වාමීන්ද්‍රයන් වහන්සේ කුලපති ධූරය හොබවන අතර උපකුලපති ධූරය දරන්නේ මහාචාර්ය නිලන්ති ද සිල්වා මහත්මියයි . වර්තමානය වන විට කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය පීඨ 6 කින් ද අනුබද්ධිත ආයතන 3 කින් ද ප්‍රත්‍යායිත විද්‍යායතන 3 කින් ද සමන්විත වේ. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ උසස් අධ්‍යාපන ආයතන වර්ගීකරණය අනුව 2015 වර්ෂයේදී මෙම විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය මෙරට 4 වන ස්ථානය හිමිකරගෙන තිබෙන අතර, ලෝකයේ හොඳම විශ්වවිද්‍යාල වර්ගීකරණය අනුව 3087 ස්‌ථානය හිමිකරගෙන තිබෙයි.

ඉතිහාසය
කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය රත්මලානේ ශ්‍රී ධර්මාලෝක නාහිමියන් විසින් විද්‍යාලංකාර පිරිවෙන නමින් 1875 දී කැලණිය, පෑලියගොඩ පිහිටවනු ලැබිණි. එතැන් සිට වසර 100 කට ආසන්න කාලයක් පිරිවෙනක් ව පැවති මේ ආයතනය 1957 අංක 45 දරන විද්‍යෝදය, විද්‍යාලංකාර විශ්වවිද්‍යාල පනත අනුව 1959 ජනවාරි 01 දින සිට විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයක් බවට පත්කෙරුණු අතර ඒය ශ්‍රී ලංකා විද්‍යාලංකාර විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය ලෙස නම් කෙරිණි. මෙහි දී එවකට විද්‍යාලංකාර පිරිවෙනේ පරිවේණාධිපති ව වැඩ විසූ අපවත් වී වදාළ කිරිවත්තුඩුවේ ශ්‍රී ප්‍රඥාසාර නාහිමිපාණන් වහන්සේ මේ අභිනව විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ කුලපතිවරයා ලෙස පත් කරන ලදී.

පසුව 1972 අංක 01 දරන ශ්‍රී ලංකා විශ්වවිද්‍යාල පනත මඟින් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සියලුම විශ්වවිද්‍යාල එක ම විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයක් බවට පත් කරනු ලැබූ අවස්ථාවේ දී 1972 පෙබරවාරි 15 වන දා සිට මෙම විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය ශ්‍රී ලංකා විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ විද්‍යාලංකාර මණ්ඩපය බවට පත් විය. 1978 අංක 16 දරන විශ්වවිද්‍යාල පනත යටතේ සිදු වූ ශ්‍රී ලාංකික විශ්වවිද්‍යාල ව්‍යුහය සංශෝධනයේ දී යථෝක්ත මණ්ඩපය කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය, ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ලෙස නැවත වරක් ස්වායත්ත විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයක් බවට පත් කරන ලදී.

1957 පනත අනුව ආරම්භයේ දී ගිහි පැවිදි ශිෂ්‍යයින් පමණක් මෙම ආයතනයට ඇතුළත් කරගනු ලැබූ අතර 1966 අංක 20 දරන ජාතික උසස් අධ්‍යාපන පනත ක්‍රියාත්මක වීමත් සමඟ ශිෂ්‍යවන්ටද මේ සඳහා ඇතුළත් වීමට හැකි විය. ආරභයේ දී පෑලියගොඩ පිරිවෙන් භූමියේ ම පිහිටවනු ලැබූ මෙම විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය ඉඩකඩ මඳ වීමේ ගැටලුව නිසා වර්තමානයේ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය පිහිටුවා තිබෙන භූමි භාගයට 1975 වන විට ගෙන එන ලදී. 1959 ආරම්භක අවස්ථාවේ දී එය ප්‍රාචීන භාෂා ශාස්ත්‍ර, භූගෝල විද්‍යාව, බෞද්ධ අධ්‍යයන හා දර්ශනය, ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව, ගණිතය හා අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව වැනි විෂය කීපයකට සීමා වුවද,

අද වනවිට මානවශාස්ත්‍ර, විද්‍යා, සමාජීය විද්‍යා, වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යා, වාණිජ හා කළමනාකරණ අධ්‍යයන සහ පශ්චාත් උපාධි අධ්‍යයන වශයෙන් හැඳින්වෙන පීඨ 6 කින් හා අධ්‍යයන අංශ 48 කින් සමන්විත මුල්පෙලේ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයක් බවට පත් වී ඇත.

තේමා පාඨය
පඤ්ඤාය පරිසුජ්ඣති - ප්‍රඥාව තුළින් පාරිශුද්ධත්වයට පත්වන්න.

කුලපති සහ විශ්වවිද්‍යාල බලධාරීහු
කුලපති:
පෑලියගොඩ විද්‍යාලංකාර පිරිවෙනේ පරිවේණාධිපති, කොළඹ හලාවත දෙදිසාවේ ප්‍රධාන සංඝනායක, ත්‍රිපිටක වාගීශ්වරාචාර්ය, මහෝපාධ්‍ය, පණ්ඩිත පූජ්‍ය වැලමිටියාවේ ධර්මකීර්ති ශ්‍රී කුසලධම්මාභිධාන ස්වාමීන්ද්‍රයන් වහන්සේ

උපකුලපති:
මහාචාර්ය ඩී.එම්. සේමසිංහ මහතා

පීඨාධිපති - වාණිජ හා කළමනාකරණ අධ්‍යයන පීඨය:
ආචාර්ය R.P.C. රන්ජනී මහත්මිය
B.Com. [Kelaniya], M.Com., Ph.D. [Panjab]

පීඨාධිපති - සමාජීය විද්‍යා පීඨය:
මහාචාර්ය ඒ්.ඒච්.ඒම්.ඒච්. අබේරත්න මහතා
පීඨාධිපති - විද්‍යා පීඨය:
මහාචාර්ය නලින් ද සිල්වා මහතා
B.Sc. [Ceylon], D.Phill.[Sussex]

පීඨාධිපති - පශ්චාත් උපාධි අධ්‍යයන පීඨය:
මහාචාර්ය මැණික්  ගුනසේකර මයා
B.A. Hons. ( Kelaniya), M.A., PhD.( Michigan)

පීඨාධිපති - මානවශාස්ත්‍ර පීඨය:
මහාචාර්ය කුලතිලක කුමාරසිංහ මහතා
B.A. [Sri Lanka], Ph.D. [Kelaniya], Dip. in Japanese [Osaka U.]

පීඨාධිපති - වෛද්‍ය පීඨය:
මහාචාර්ය A.R. වික්‍රමසිංහ මහතා
M.B.B.S. [Colombo], MPH [Tulane], Ph.D. [Tulane], Ph.D. [Louisiana]

අධ්‍යක්ෂ - පාලි හා බෞද්ධ අධ්‍යයන පශ්චාද් උපාධි ආයතනය:
මහාචාර්ය G.D. සුමනපාල මහතා
B.A., M.A., Ph.D. [Kelaniya], Prachina Panditha

අධ්‍යක්ෂ - පුරාවිද්‍යා පශ්චාද් උපාධි ආයතනය:
මහාචාර්ය T.K.N.P. ද සිල්වා මහතා
B.Sc. [BE], M.Sc. [Archt]

අධ්‍යක්ෂ - වික්‍රමාරච්චි ආයුර්වේද වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යායතනය:
මහාචාර්ය J.A. ලියනගේ මහත්මිය
B.Sc. [Sri J'pura], Ph.D. [Cardiff], FRCS, F.I.Chemc.C., C.C.Chem., C.Sci.

විද්‍යාපීඨාධිපති - නාවික හා සාගරික විද්‍යාපීඨය:
කොමදෝරු S.S. රණසිංහ මහතා
WWW, RWP, USP, PSC, M.Sc. [D&SS], M.Sc. [WS&DM], AOWC

විද්‍යාලාධිපති - ආරක්ෂක සේවා අණ හා මාණ්ඩලික විද්‍යාලය:
සේනා විධායක/ මේජර් ජෙනරාල් N.A. රණසිංහ මහතා
RSP, USP, PSC

විද්‍යාලාධිපති - ගුවන් හමුදා කනිෂ්ඨ අණ හා මාණ්ඩලික විද්‍යාලය:
ගුවන් කොමදෝරු N.H.V. ගුණරත්න මහතා
USP, M.Sc. [Human Sec.], NDU-USA, PSC, CTF-NDU, PG. Dip. [LS] Colombo U., Dip. in HRM [UK], Dip. in Psy. [UK]

ලේඛකාධිකාරී:
W.M. කරුණාරත්න මහතා
B.Sc. Pub. Ad. [Sri J'pura], MSSC [Kelaniya]

පුස්තකාලාධිකාරී:
L.A. ජයතිස්ස මහතා
B.Sc. [Vidyalankara], Dip.Lib.Sc. & Inf.Studies [Kelaniya], M.L.I.Sc [Delhi]

වැඩබලන මූල්‍යාධිකාරී:
L.M. ජයවීර මහතා
B.A. Sp. [Sri J'pura], PG. Dip. in Mgt. [Open University]

පිඨ
මානවශාස්ත්‍ර පීඨය
වාග්විද්‍යා අධ්‍යයන අංශය
සිංහල අධ්‍යයන අංශය
පාලි හා බෞද්ධ අධ්‍යයන අංශය
නූතන භාෂා අධ්‍යයන අංශය
ඉංග්‍රීසි අධ්‍යයන අංශය
සංස්කෘත අධ්‍යයන අංශය
හින්දි අධ්‍යයන අංශය
නාට්‍ය, රංගකලා හා ප්‍රතිබිම්භකලා අධ්‍යයන අංශය
බටහිර සම්භාව්‍ය හා ක්‍රිස්තියානි අධ්‍යයන අංශය

සමාජීය විද්‍යා පීඨය
පුරාවිද්‍යා විද්‍යා අධ්‍යයන අංශය
ඉතිහාස අධ්‍යයන අංශය
ජනසන්නිෙව්දන අධ්‍යයන අංශය
ආර්ථික විද්‍යා අධ්‍යයන අංශය
භූගෝල විද්‍යා අධ්‍යයන අංශය
දර්ශන අධ්‍යයන අංශය
සමාජ විද්‍යා අධ්‍යයන අංශය
පුස්තකාල හා විඥාපන විද්‍යා අධ්‍යයන අංශය
කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ සමාජීය විද්‍යාපීඨයේ තිබෙන වැදගත් අධ්‍යයන අංශයක් වශයෙන් පුස්තකාල හා විඥාපන විද්‍යා අධ්‍යයන අංශය සැලකිය හැකි ය. 1972 දී මෙය ආරම්භ කළ අතර ශ්‍රි ලංකාව තුළ පුස්තකාලයාධිපති වෘත්තියේ පුහුණු මිනිස් බල සම්පත නිර්මාණය කිරිම හා පුස්තකාල හා තොරතුරු විද්‍යාවට අදාළ උසස් අධ්‍යාපනය හා වෘත්තිය දැනුම ලබා දීමෙහි ලා  ශ්‍රි ලංකාවේ විශ්වවිද්‍යාල පද්ධතිය තුළ පවතින එකම අධ්‍යයනාංශය වේ. පුස්තකාල වෘත්තියේ ගුණාත්මක බව වර්ධනය කිරිම හා මෙම ක්ෂේත්‍රෙය් මානව සම්පත සංවර්ධනය කිරිම සඳහා අපරිමිත සේවයක් මෙමඟින් සිදු වේ. පුස්තකාල හා විඥාපන විද්‍යාව පිළිබඳව ශ්‍රි ලංකාවේ සිටින එක ම ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ මහාචාර්යවරයා වන පියදාස රණසිංහ මහතා මෙහි අචාර්ය මණ්ඩලයේ කටයුතු කරන අතර වර්තමාන අංශ ප්‍රධාන තනතුර හොබවන්නේ ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ කථිකාචාර්ය පූජ්‍ය ලැගුම්දෙණිෙය් පියරතන ස්වාමීන් වහන්සේ ය.
විද්‍යා පීඨය
වාණිජ හා කළමනාකරණ අධ්‍යයන පීඨය
පශ්චාත් උපාධි අධ්‍යයන පීඨය
වෛද්‍ය පීඨය

අනුබද්ධිත ආයතන
පාලි හා බෞද්ධ අධ්‍යයන පශ්චාද් උපාධි ආයතනය
පුරාවිද්‍යා පශ්චාද් උපාධි ආයතනය
වික්‍රමාරච්චි ආයුර්වේද ආයතනය

ප්‍රත්‍යායිත විද්‍යායතන
නාවික හා සාගරික විද්‍යාපීඨය
ආරක්ෂක සේවා අණ හා මාණ්ඩලික විද්‍යාලය
ගුවන් හමුදා කනිෂ්ඨ අණ හා මාණ්ඩලික විද්‍යාලය

පහසුකම් සහ සේවාවන්
තොරතුරු සහ සන්නිවේදන තාක්ෂණ මධ්‍යස්ථානය
පුස්තකාලය
ඉංග්‍රීසි ඉගැන්වීමේ ඒකකය
ශාරීරික අධ්‍යාපන අංශය
කාර්ය මණ්ඩල සංවර්ධන ඒකකය
වෘත්තීය මාර්ගෝපදේශ ඒකකය
ශිෂ්‍ය උපදේශක ඒකකය
වෛද්‍ය මධ්‍යස්ථානය
විවෘත හා දුරස්ථ අධ්‍යන කේන්ද්‍රය
ආසියානු මධ්‍යස්ථානය

බාහිර සබැඳුම්
University of Kelaniya
Vidyalankara Pirivena
University of Ceylon
Sri Lanka University Games

අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු
කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයීය නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය

විශ්වවිද්‍යාල ප්‍රතිපාදන කොමිසම් සභාව

කැළණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ පිහිටි විශ්වවිද්‍යාල

කැළණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය


An Dendrobium rhombeum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Lindley. An Dendrobium rhombeum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrobium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Philippines. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dendrobium

Dendrobium rhombeum


Post pozitivizm, 20. yüzyılın başından itibaren pozitivizme yönelik geliştirilen eleştirilerle birlikte biçimlenen ve bilim felsefesindeki tartışmalarla 60'lı yıllarda belirginleşen pozitivizm sonrası bir kuramsal/felsefi bilim düşüncesini belirten akımdır.

Tarihsel konum
Bu süreci, özellikle, bilim felsefesine belirli bir statü kazandıran mantıksal pozitivizmin ortaya çıkışından itibaren ele almak mümkündür. Ancak asıl olarak post pozitivizm akımını biçimlendiren zaman dilimi, 1960'lı yıllardan itibaren ve mantıksal pozitivizmin gündeme getirdiği soruların ve yolaçtığı sorunların aşılmasıyla belirginleşir. Thomas Kuhn'un çalışmaları bu yönelim için temel ve kurucu sayılmaktadır. Bazı bilim tarihçilerine göre Kuhn'un çalışmaları bir devrim niteliğindedir, yani bir kopuşu ifade eder; bazılarına göreyse mantıksal pozitivistlerle bir süreklilik halinde Kuhn görüşlerini geliştirmiş ve onların bir devamı olarak düşüncelerini ortaya koymuştur.Pozitivizmin eleştiricileri ve post pozitivizm başlığı altında değerlendirilebilecek diğer bilim felsefecileri ve kuramcılar ise birbirlerinden çok farklı yönelimleriyle bilinen Alexandre Koyré, Karl Popper, Paul Feyerabend olarak belirtilebilir. 20. yüzyıl felsefesinin en önemli bölümlerinden ve kaynaklarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Bilgi, bilginin gelişimi,bilim, bilimin ilerlemesi, bilimsel bilginin nesnelliği, paradigma, görelilik, tarihsellik, doğruluk, yanlışlanabilirlik gibi eksenlerde yürütülen tartışmalarla gelişen post pozitivizm hem genel olarak bilim düşüncesinde hem de diğer kültürel ve düşünsel alanlarda etkili olmuştur.

Felsefi konumu
Postpozitivizm, pozitivizmin akla ve bilimin ayrıcalıklı özelliği olarak deneye verilen konumun eleştirisi üzerinde yükselir. Pozitivizm böylece, bilimi tarih dışı salt bir ussallık biçimine sokmakta, bilim dışı ve akıl dışı ögeleri tamamen dışta bırakmaktadır; ve daha en başından bu noktalara yönelik ciddi itirazlara maruz kalır. Koyre, bunun olanaksızlığını çeşitli çalışmalarıyla gösterir ve bilimin tarihten soyutlanamazlığını ortaya koymaya çalışır. Bilimsel gelişme olarak kabul edilen gelişmelerde ona göre akıl dışı ögelerin varlığı bu nedenle yadsınamaz.

Popper ise mantıksal pozitivizmle bağlantılı olmuş, ama temel bilim anlayışlarında farklı ve eleştirel bir yönelim göstermiştir. Sınanabilirlik, Popper için bilimin temel ölçütüdür; ancak pozitivizmin önemli yaklaşımlarından olan doğrulanabilirlik konusunda itiraz eder, çünkü bilimin temel yaklaşımı tümevarım olamaz. Popper'a göre bilimin ayrıcalıklı ilkesi yanlışlanabilirlik ilkesidir.

Thomas Kuhn, felsefi alanda, bilim düşüncesini, pozitivizm karşısındaki yapılan eleştirilerin en kesin haliyle ifade eder. Öyle ki Popper'ın yaklaşımı bu tutum karşısında tamamen pozitivist bir konumda görünür. Bilim tarihine paradigma kavramını sokan Kuhn, bilimin belirli paradigmalarla işlediğini, bilimsel gelişmeninse belirli bir anda geçerli olan paradigmanın değişmesine yol açan devrimci bir kesintiyle meydana geldiğini belirtir. Belirli bir dönemde belirli bir paradigmanın geçerli olmasının ise, o paradigmanın ayrıcalıklı bir rasyonelllik ya da doğruluk niteliğine sahip olmasından ileri gelmediğini, bunun tarihsel, sosyolojik ve değer yargılarının da içinde bulunduğu bilim dışı öğelerin bütünlüğünden geldiğini öne sürmüştür. Böylece bilim alanına göreli bir yaklaşım tarzıyla yaklaşılmış olunmaktadır.

Fayerabend bu yönelim en uç noktasını oluşturuyor. Fayerabend açık olarak pozitivizmin temelini oluşturan "yönteme hayır" demiştir ve "akla veda" etmiştir; Batı toplumun ve kültürünün kendini ayrıcalıklı kıldığı akıl ve bilimsel yöntemin neden iddia edildiği gibi olamayacağını ve olamadığını göstermeye yönelmiştir. Bu eleştirilerinin üzerinden Feyerabend, "özgür bir toplumda bilim"i ve yeni bir akıl ve bilgi biçimini önermeyi dener.

Kaynakça
 Bilimsel Devrimlerin Yapısı, Thomas Kuhn, çeviren:Nülifer Kuyaş, Alan Yayıcılık.
 Yönteme Hayır, Paul Feyerabend, Ayrıntı Yayınları.
 Bilimsel Araştırmanın Mantığı, Karl Popper, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.

Felsefi akımlar

Postpozitivizm


An Philodendron rothschuhianum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Adolf Engler, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Thomas Bernard Croat och Michael Howard Grayum. An Philodendron rothschuhianum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Philodendron, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Philodendron

Philodendron rothschuhianum


«Canta conmigo» puede referirse a:

Cine y televisión
 Canta conmigo (2008-2014), programa de televisión de canto infantil de Panamá.
 Canta conmigo Argentina (2009-2011), programa de televisión de música El Trece de Buenos Aires.
 Canta conmigo Paraguay (2021), programa de televisión paraguaya de canto de Telefuturo.
 Canta conmigo ahora (2022), programa de televisión de canto de El Trece de Buenos Aires.

Música
 «Canta conmigo» (1971), canción de Tiemponuevo.

Canta conmigo (desambiguación)


Steganotaenieae, tribus štitarki.. Sastoji se od 2 roda sa 5 vrsta iz Afrike.

Tribus je opisan 2007.

Rodovi
 Polemanniopsis B. L. Burtt (2 spp.)
 Steganotaenia Hochst. (3 spp.)

Izvori

Saniculoideae

Steganotaenieae


Associazione Sportiva Edera, hrvatski bivši nogometni klub iz Pule.

Dio športskog društva Edera, osnovanog kolovoza 1910. godine. Ederino članstvo bilo je iz radničkih slojeva. Okupljalo je Puljane sklone socijalističkim idejama. Edera je imala igralište na mjestu današnjeg pomoćnog igrališta Gradskoga stadiona, legendarne Karbonine. Uredila ga je i otvorila ga je 2. siječnja 1912. godine. Na dan otvaranja odigrala je utakmicu protiv Polesea. Edera je bila politički nepodobna zbog širenja socijalističkih ideja, pa je cijelom športskom društvu zabranjeno djelovanje kolovoza 1912. godine. Igrači su većinom prešli u Circolo Sportivo Internazionale i FC Polese.

Tijekom Prvoga svjetskog rata zamire puljski športski život. Za rata je zabranjeno osnivanje klubova. Poslije rata športski se život vraća. Odigravaju se prijateljske utakmice u Puli. Od 1920. godine puljski klubovi natječu se u prvenstvu Julijske Venecije.  Aktivnosti športskog društva Edere obnavljaju se studenoga 1921. godine. Najveći rival bio je profašistički Grion. Svaki je susret na terenu iskazivao suprotstavljena politička opredjeljenja među igračima i pogotovo u uvijek punom gledalištu. Godine 1923. politički interesi fašističkih vlasti kroje sastav rivala. Spojili su profašistički Fascio Giovanni Grion, i klub športaša koji se nisu htjeli priključiti profašističkom Grionu Unione Sportiva Polese u jedan klub, Unione Sportiva G. Grion. Uskoro je Edera po drugi put zabranjena. Bilo je to 1926. godine.
Edera je okupljala i Hrvate i Talijane.

Izvori

Nogomet u Puli
Edera
Edera

Associazione Sportiva Edera Pula


Barinas State (, ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is Barinas.

Barinas State covers a total surface area of  and had an estimated population of 970,689 in 2015.

Toponymy
The toponym "Barinas" is a variant of "varinas" (the name of an indigenous ethnic group that inhabited the Piedemonte before the arrival of the Spaniards); this may have a relationship with the name "Barima", given by the tunebos to the Santo Domingo river in the Aya myth. The meaning is unknown, but according to popular belief, it means a 'strong wind that comes from the valleys of the Santo Domingo river', referring to the Barinese wind, which blows in the Llanos Altos.

According to Virgilio Tosta, the place name was first used before 1628 as an alternative name for Altamira; in contrast, according to Betancourt Martínez, it was in the foundations of Barinitas such as Nueva Trujillo de Barinas (1628) and Barinas (1759). It expanded with the creation of the Province of Barinas in 1786 and was reduced to the present region in 1859.

Because of this toponym, Senna aculeata – a low, thorny and yellow-flowered shrub in the state – is sometimes called the barinas flower, which is why it is the state flower.

History

Georg von Speyer and Nikolaus Federmann explored the region in 1534 on their way to the Andes.

In 1542, Philipp von Hutten traveled from Coro over this area en route towards Colombia. In 1547, Alonso Pérez de Tolosa, who came from El Tocuyo, also crossed the territory.

Pre-Columbian era
The pre-Columbian history of the Western Plains develops mainly around the present-day territory of Barinas, which was a highly mobile area where numerous indigenous ethnic groups from the Orinoco, the Amazon and the Andes interacted, using the rivers and highlands as convenient communication routes.

Starting in the 11th century and ending with the colonization, it is believed there were several successive occupations. At least 33 petroglyphs and many lithic types in the Piedemonte have been found, and more than a score of mounds and roads – long camels – that extend throughout the plain from Colombia have also been found; they may have been used for economic, military and/or religious purposes.

The indigenous presence began with the inhabitants of the Agua Blanca complex, about which there is not much information.

In 250, groups from the Oriente of Colombia and Ecuador started to settle in the Llano Medio of Bariné, due to its good soils and infrequent flooding. This occupation is characterized by the oldest roads and mounds found in the region today, and by the ceramic complex of the El Oso stream. Their settlements were sedentary and subsisted through the cultivation of corn, hunting and fishing. During this period, El Piedemonte was an area of exchange with Andean groups.

From 650 to 1200, Araucanian groups dominated the region, who inhabited its wooded areas and brought with them the chiefdoms and war relations. The period is also characterized by a remarkable population growth and an extension of the groups to the vicinity of the current Guanarito. A possible influence of the groups from central-west Venezuela can also be seen in the use of ceramics.

During different periods, the Arawak moved around the region, from which they left for Zulia and central-western Venezuela, introducing the cultivation of yucca and establishing trade routes throughout the Orinoco basin.

The Tunebos explored and occupied the Piedemonte and the Llanos Altos of the state, starting from the Sierra Nevada of El Cocuy and the savannas of Casanare, following their tradition of occupying three altitudinal levels and bringing a large part of the Chibcha element to the region.

Spanish colonial period

Before the colonization, the state was populated by numerous tribes, who were already organized in communal agricultural societies including the canaguaes, capas, cúcuaros, curaguas, caquetíos, curayes, dásaros, duriguas, guahibos, güeros, orúes, ticoporos, michayes, suripaes, torunos, tobores, tucuriguas, puyures and the varinas, among which the apures, aitures, amaibas, achaguas, baraures, barrancas stand out. These tribes disappeared or became extinct from the state due to colonization, but in many cases, their names remained as place names throughout the state, as is the case of Torunos and Barrancas.

In 1535, Europeans started to explore the region, this time on behalf of the Welsares, when the then governor, Jorge de Espira, crossed Barinas along with his group during his expedition in search for El Dorado del Meta and faced jirajaras along the way. Nicolás Federmán passed by the present Arismendi the same year. Philip of Utre, who had accompanied Espira, repeated his expedition in 1541. Alonso Pérez de Tolosa also crossed Barinas in 1549, heading for El Tocuyo, after he failed in a conquest entrusted to him by the then governor Juan Pérez de Tolosa.

Altamira de Cáceres
The colonization of Barinas began on June 30, 1577, when Captain Juan Andrés Varela, commissioned by the governor of La Grita Province, Francisco de Cáceres, founded the city of Altamira de Cáceres while choosing a mountainous place.

Altamira was a small city. Its inhabitants led a dangerous life being close to the jirajaras and had limited space. Due to the city's precarious conditions, Varela resigned his post as mayor a few months after founding it, and, a decade later, its inhabitants desired to move.

In spite of the inconveniences, Altamira was populated for four decades thanks to cattle raising and tobacco cultivation, and was able to compete with Cuba in the beginning. The population of the city did not prosper as expected, reaching only sixteen Creoles and 250 Indians, in spite of the fact that, according to Virgilio Tosta, "tobacco turned the primitive Barinas into a globally famous name".

New Trujillo of Barinas
The citizens of Altamira gradually moved towards El Llano, until in 1628, by order of the governor of the Province of Mérida and La Grita, Juan Pacheco Maldonado, the city was refounded as "Nueva Trujillo de Barinas" – today Barinitas. This was because the plateau was closer to the Llanos, which they wanted to conquer, while having better land for livestock and tobacco cultivation (which had become intensive due to the high demand and had generated a great deal of smuggling led by the Dutch).

Nueva Trujillo is considered the "gateway to the conquest of the Llanos", because from here, important settlements were founded in view of the Llanos: the town of doctrine of Nuestra Señora de la Concepción del Curay (1619, which is La Barinesa today), the city of Nuestra Señora de Pedraza (1951, which is Ciudad Bolivia today) and the Indian towns of Santa Bárbara and Curbatí.

After the sacking of Maracaibo and the burning of Gibraltar by the Dutch (1641), the Barinese thought of alternate trade routes; thus, in 1647, Miguel de Ochogavia undertook the successful expedition to discover the Santo Domingo-Apure-Orinoco connection, through which the subsequent conquest of Apure was carried out. This discovery led to the subsequent emergence of the ports of Torunos and Nutrias.

Spanish province of Barinas
The progressive pacification of the Indians, the development of extensive cattle raising, the general interest in evading the taxes of the Crown and the fall in demand for tobacco by the end of the 17th century caused the Barinese to abandon the table of Moromoy in order to populate the savannas around the rivers Santo Domingo, Masparro and Boconó. The Barinese established their herds there and formed important towns, such as Sabaneta, Barrancas and Obispos. For this reason, on July 11, 1759, the Viceroy of the New Granada, Jose Solis, decreed the definitive foundation of Barinas, with the name and on the current place – where the town of San Antonio de los Cerritos was by then, in order to establish a center of power closer to the new towns.

Barinas was part of the Captaincy General of Venezuela since its creation. On February 15, 1786, King Carlos III decreed, over a territory that extended to cover the current states of Apure and Portuguesa, the creation of the Province of Barinas, separating it from Maracaibo. During this period, there was a remarkable diversification and economic growth, stimulated by the trade and cultivation of tobacco, sugar, indigo, cocoa, cotton, onoto and coffee. The Spaniards also built the first prison and hospital. There was a great population growth, as census records show.

Barinas defeated the Comuneros of the Andes (1781), a fact that led to King Carlos IV granting it, in 1790, the coat of arms that today retains the state capital, along with the motto "very noble and very loyal".

Independence process
Barinas joined the process of the Supreme Board of Caracas on May 5, 1810, thus constituting a Board of Government and Conservation, in which the desire to break with the Crown was formed. In 1811, the Declaration of Independence Act was signed, thus forming part of the First Republic, which fell the following year.

After the patriotic victory in the Battle of Niquitao on July 2, 1813, Barinas became part of the Second Republic, which also fell the following year. Paez's campaigns ensured the patriotic victory in Barinas during the Third Republic, in which Venezuela's independence was consolidated.

Young Barineses like José Antonio Páez and Pedro Briceño Méndez were important heroes of the Independence.

Contemporary period

The Province of Barinas during the contemporary period
During the existence of Greater Colombia, there were several political-administrative changes. In 1821, the Congress of Cúcuta created the Department of Venezuela, which included Barinas. Two years later, the Congress of the Republic separated the current territory of the State of Apure from Barinas, making it a province, with the capital in Achaguas.

In 1824, in view of the Territorial Division Law, the Department of Venezuela disappeared and the Department of Apure was created, which consisted of the provinces of Barinas and Apure. Two years later, these provinces became part of the Department of Orinoco, along with Guayana.

After the dissolution of the Great Colombia, the cantons of Guanare, Ospino and Araure initiated managements to segregate themselves from the Province of Barinas, which would occur in 1851, when the National Congress erected the Province of Portuguesa.

Barinas State
During the Federal War (1859–1863), General Ezequiel Zamora maintained federalist control of all the Western Plains from Barinas, and consolidated it with the Battle of Santa Inés on December 10, 1859; after this victory, Zamora left the proclaimed state to besiege San Carlos, at which he was killed. In honor of him, Barinas was renamed "Zamora" in 1862, recovering its original name in 1936. As for all the other provinces, Barinas became a de jure state since the proclamation of the United States of Venezuela, with the Constitution of 1864, thus repealing the ephemeral merger it had with Apure during the last year of the war.

On April 30, 1879, in accordance with the Guzmancism's plan for the reduction of states, it was proposed the conformation of the South State of the West from the territories of the states of Barinas, Carabobo, Portuguesa and Cojedes and the Department of Nirgua of the State of Yaracuy, denominated as "sections"; however, after the protest of Barinitas for the distance of Valencia as capital, such union was given excluding Carabobo and Nirgua. Barinas proposed to include Apure as part of the State.

Despite the fact that the South West later acquired the name "Zamora", the centre of power was not in Barinas, but in Ospino, provisionally, and then in Guanare. At the end of the 1880s and in view of the secessionist movement of Cojedes, the idea of the disintegration of the South West in Barinas was promoted. This led to the separation of the sections of Zamora on April 22, 1899, by Ignacio Andrade's government. However, the previous degree of autonomy was not granted.

In 1989, the states were granted greater political autonomy with the country's first regional elections.

Geography

Relief and geology
The Western Plains predominate. The plains extend from the Camaguán marshes in the far east and rise in height towards the west, thus dividing into the Lower Plains, up to 120 m above sea level, the Middle Plains, up to 160 m above sea level, and the Upper Plains, up to 200 m above sea level.

This plain ends abruptly where Troncal 5 passes, in a line that goes from the town of Las Veguitas to Punta de Piedras, from which the Mérida mountain range begins, the final part of the Andina. The lowest and least rugged section of this part of the mountain range is the Sierra del Piedemonte, in which hills, small mountains, depressions and mesas predominate. The highest and most rugged parts are the Sierra Nevada, the Sierra del Tapo-Caparo and the Sierra de Calderas, with the first peak close to 4 000 m above sea level inside Barinas, and the last one has a lot of valleys. The tables of Moromoy, El Curay and Parangula are landmarks that separate the high and low parts. Two large passes are found, both to the north: the pass of the valleys and the depression of the Santo Domingo River and the pass of the Boconó River valleys.

In the Paleozoic, the Merida mountain range was formed as an island. The sediments of this mountain range accumulated to the east and west, giving way to the formation of the Llanos, around the Mesozoic.

The most important geological formations in the state are Palmarito; Caparo, with fossiliferous shales; and Sabaneta, with sandstone.

Hydrography

Barinas is characterized by an abundance of rivers, so many that its capital is considered "the capital of the rivers of Venezuela". All its rivers originate in the east of the Mérida mountain range and flow into the left bank of the Apure River, which has, for the most part, short upper and middle courses; the river floods the Llanos Bajos during rainy periods. The tributaries of the river in Barinas are the Portuguesa, Masparro, Santo Domingo, Caparo, Canaguá and Uribante Rivers, all of which are navigable. Some rivers that flow through the Piedemonte give rise to depressions around it. There are three reservoirs in the state: those of the rivers Boconó, Masparro and Caparo.

Climate
Being in the intertropical zone and extending more towards the meridians than the parallels, Barinas has a climate determined by altitude, winds and two seasons: the dry season, from October to March, and the rainy season, from April to September. Of these factors, the altitude modifies the temperatures more forcefully. The cold winds that flow from the east of the Mérida mountain range to the Llanos Altos cause the characteristic phenomenon of the Barinese wind. According to Köppen's classification, the Sierra del Tapo-Caparo and the Llanos have a savanna climate (Aw); the Piedemonte and Alto Apure, a monsoon climate (Am); the Sierra Nevada and Sierra de Calderas, a humid mountain climate (Cfbi); and the highest parts of the last two mountain ranges, a tropical alpine climate (ETH).

Flora and fauna
Barinas has two ecoregions: the Llanos and the Northern Andes, the latter being its center of endemism.

The Llanos constitute extensive grasslands and abundant gallery forests. In its flora, there are many trees, such as the apamate; jabillo; samán; ceiba; mango; merecure; cañafístola llanera; and the araguaney, the national tree. There are also many palms, especially the llanera. Among the herbs, the water lilies and the mother-of-pearl and barina flowers stand out.

The Mérida mountain range has, from its highlands to its foothills, moors, tropical mountain forests and wooded savannas. Among its vegetation, the cardón, cují, bucare and frailejones are characteristic in its upper parts, while in the foothills, pardillo, granadilla, caobas and vera grows.

There are more than 450 species of birds, among which are the prey species – especially the Andean condor, herons, storks, ducks, the parachute, the Orinoco woodpecker and the carrao.

Mammals are the most abundant vertebrates, highlighting the deer, foxes, otters, anteaters, honey bears, cachicamos, cunaguars, jaguars, spider monkeys, capuchins, rabbits and chigüires. Rabbits, spectacled bears, porcupines and shrews are only found in the Andes.

In the Llanos, there are many reptiles, including anacondas, podocnemids, iguanas, rattlesnakes, babo, jicotea turtles, mato real, Orinoco caiman and mapanare. The rivers are inhabited by catfish, piranhas, goldfish and electric eels.

There are also two species in danger of extinction: the morrocoy sabanero and tonina.

Government & politics
Barinas is part of the Venezuelan federation, which is symmetrical: each entity has its own legal personality, competences, income and autonomous executive and legislative power, with authorities elected by majority rule in universal, direct and secret suffrage for four-year periods and revocable by referendum. They also have their own autonomous comptroller's and procurator's office and a council for planning and coordinating public policies. Venezuela's states are obliged to maintain independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, and to comply with and enforce the Constitution and the law.

The Barinas law emphasizes decentralization as the main goal.

The foundations of the essence of Barinas are in the ethical and moral heritage of its people; in the values of freedom, equality, justice, cooperation, solidarity and independence; in the personal values and spiritual potential of its people; in its natural resources; and in its history, traditions, customs, idiosyncrasy, folklore, art and own aspirations. Barinas also protects biodiversity, which includes cultural diversity.

The aims of Barinas are to protect and defend people and their dignity, facilitate the exercise of popular will and citizen participation in public affairs, maintain freedom, promote private initiative and free enterprise and the welfare of people.

The citizens of Barinas are obliged by law to protect the family; know, promote and protect the cultural heritage; contribute to economic and human development; encourage private initiative; promote free enterprise; and reject violence. They also have the right to participate freely in state public affairs, in the exercise of control, monitoring and supervision of public management and in the processes of decentralization.

Executive
The executive power of each state is exercised by the governors. In the case of Barinas, they would have only been reelected once, until the national constitution was reformed in 2009. The governor of Barinas is elected by direct universal and secret ballots every four years and has his secretaries as assistants. According to the law, the government aims to achieve the spiritual, educational and economic elevation of the people, create a framework of incentives that allow the achievement of technological innovations that contribute to the integral development of the state and create the conditions that raise the levels of productivity.

Governors

Zenaida Gallardo was sworn in as the governor of Barinas State on January 5, 2017, replacing Adán Chávez, who was appointed as Minister for Culture on January 4, 2017. Gallardo resigned a few months later, citing health reasons. In June 2017, Argenis Chávez, brother of former president Hugo Chávez, was sworn in as governor.

Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the state maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.

Legislative
The legislative power of each state in Venezuela is exercised by a legislative council, made up of seven to fifteen legislators each, who proportionally represent the population of their states and their municipalities. State legislators can be reelected only twice. The seat of the Legislative Council of Barinas is the Manuel Palacio Fajardo building; its powers are limited to those designated by the constitutions and laws.

Territorial division
Barinas is divided into municipalities, which in turn are subdivided into parishes. The twelve municipalities of Barinas are organized according to population conditions (which must be greater than 10,000), economic development, capacity to generate their own income, geographical situation, historical and cultural elements and other factors. They constitute historical institutions of natural law and are considered to be the most cohesive entities after the family.

The parishes are considered to be the best places to achieve greater efficiency in the management of local governments, citizen participation and decentralization.

Municipalities and municipal seats

 Alberto Arvelo Torrealba (Sabaneta)
 Andrés Eloy Blanco (El Cantón)
 Antonio José de Sucre (Socopó)
 Arismendi (Arismendi)
 Barinas (Barinas)
 Bolívar (Barinitas)
 Cruz Paredes (Barrancas)
 Ezequiel Zamora (Santa Bárbara)
 Obispos (Obispos)
 Pedraza (Ciudad Bolivia)
 Rojas (Libertad)
 Sosa (Ciudad de Nutrias)

Economy

The mining potential is expressed by non-metallic minerals, such as limestone, sand, silicate, quartz, red clay, feldspar, gravel, silica sand and phosphorite. As for energy resources, there are hydrocarbon reserves in the southern zone of San Silvestre, where PDVSA exploits several oil fields. In 2001, Repsol YPF was awarded the Barrancas block for the production of two-million cubic meters of free gas per day. The gas is fed to the Termobarrancas electric plant in the Obispos municipality, with a generation capacity of 450 megawatts.

Agricultural production in Barinas is very important for the local economy as well as livestock production. The fertile soils provide the necessary conditions for the production of corn, sorghum, banana, cocoa, coffee, cotton and sesame. These items are the main axis of agriculture in Barinas State.

Tourism

Barinas has a contrast between landscapes of mountains, plains, rivers and streams, offering tourists a variety of options, from contemplating rare species in their habitat, to enjoying its spectacular parks and natural spas.

From the city of Barinas to the state of Merida, passing through the municipality of Bolivar, which includes the towns of Barinitas, Altamira de Caceres and Calderas, with a pleasant climate, characteristic of the tropical rainforest.

Barinitas, the capital of the municipality, has places for tourism: the Moromoy Park for camping; the Balneario La Barinesa, which has recreational facilities; and, towards the southeast, the El Cacao Sector, for mountain biking practice. There is also the boulevard of Plaza Bolívar and the San Pedro Church. The route that leads to Altamira de Cáceres is used for bird watching because of the diversity of species.

Altamira de Cáceres is the first seat (1577) of what is today the city of Barinas. It still preserves its colonial architecture, with its historic red-roofed houses.

The Plaza Bolívar was converted into a boulevard; in its surroundings, the church can be found, along with the Alfredo Arvelo Larriva House of Culture, inns, restaurants, wine cellars, bakeries, shops and handicrafts.

"Los Castillos" mill is located near the "La Bellaca" farmhouse, close to the town of Calderas; the artisan process of making panela is carried out at the mill, which was produced by the locals since past times.

In Calderas, there are natural places with recreational facilities, such as the "La Piedra del Patio" spa, on the banks of the Azul River. The house of Avelino Moreno culture and the "Centro de Enseñanza para el Desarrollo Rural" (CENDER) is located here.

Near the city of Barinas, there are two important reservoirs: the Manuel Palacio Fajardo (Masparro), located 15 minutes from the town of Barrancas, and Juan Antonio Rodriguez Dominguez (Boconó - Tucupido), located on the border with the Portuguese State; tourists can go on boat trips, kayaking, jet skiing, bird watching, and controlled sport fishing. The population of Obispos (founded in 1713) is dominated by the cultivation of mussels, corn, cotton, sorghum and forest products, in addition to livestock and oil exploitation.

Obispos has a colonial temple of San Nicolás de Bari, which was built in the 18th century, and hosts popular activities such as the joropo, corrío, coplas, tonadas, bullfighting and patron saint festivities.

Near Trunk 5 are the towns of Mijagual, Santa Rosa, Libertad, Dolores, City of Otters and Puerto de Nutrias. There are large scale plantations of oilseeds, cereals, sugar cane, tomatoes and yucca and fruit trees, as well as a livestock area.

In Sabaneta, the cultural aspect of Los Diablos Danzantes de San Hipólito stands out; in the musical aspect, there are the celebrations of the Festival de la Bandola in the town of Dolores (December), the Festival de la Libertad and La Paz (January) and the making of typical musical instruments in the town of Libertad.

In El Real, in the month of January and at various times of the year, the inhabitants of this area and pilgrims from various parts of the world venerate the image of Nuestra Señora del Rosario del Real, which appeared in the mid-17th century.

Near the Paguey River is the village of San Silvestre, which, in December, celebrates its patron saint's festival in honour of San Silvestre, where bullfighting is one of the most popular tourist events in the village.

Another site of interest is the Sierra Nevada National Park located between the state of Merida and Barinas. It is a protected ecosystem that has forests, moors, xerophilous scrubs and the highest mountains in the country, such as Pico Bolivar (5,007 m), the Humboldt Peak (4,920 m), Bompland (4,942 m), La Concha (4,920 m), El Toro (4,755 m) and El Leon (4,740 m).

The Balneario Municipal and El Balneario Río Boconó, located on the banks of the Cipe River, are natural spas surrounded by lush trees.

Around Peña Viva, there is a vast network of pre-Columbian petroglyphs that constitute the richest and most complete sample known in Venezuela today.

Barinas has a botanical garden located within the Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Ezequiel Zamora.

Natural Heritage
Balneario Municipal
Balneario Río Boconó
Canagua
Bruzual Bridge
Cerro el Gobernador
Cave los Diablos
Cave los Corredores
Unellez Botanical Garden
La Acequia
La Piedra del Patio
La Yuca Parque
La Carolina
Los Samanes Park
Moromoy Park
Sierra Nevada National Park
Tapo-Caparo National Park
Sabana de Anaro
Masparro River
Pagüey River
Santo Domingo River
La Yuca River

Outstanding buildings
House of Culture
 House of the Poet Lazo Martí
Alfredo Arvelo Larriva Cultural Center
Virgen del Real Tourist Complex
El Calvario Manuel Reservoir
Church of St. Nicholas of Bari of Obispos
 Church of the Immaculate Conception
Alberto Arvelo Torrealba Museum
 El Marqués Palace
Rafael Calvo Municipal Art Workshop

Demographics

In Barinas State, the rural population had traditionally predominated; in 1950, it was estimated that the rural population corresponded to 84.8% of the total population of Barinas. The state had 424,491 inhabitants according to the 1990 census. The population estimate for 2015 is 901,129.

The state has the second-largest amount of Venezuelan Colombians with more than 300,000, after the State of Táchira. Most of these people live in the city of Barinas. This immigration, which has lasted for more than 40 years, is mainly due to the Colombian conflict.

Race and ethnicity
According to the 2011 census, the racial composition of the population was:

Sports

The state of Barinas has a First Division football club, Zamora Fútbol Club, founded on February 2, 1977, and they reside in La Carolina Stadium, which was one of the stadiums used for the 2007 Copa America, held in Venezuela.

In 2007, Barinas hosted the second leg of the Nissan South American Cup between Zamora F.C. and Olmedo of Ecuador, which the visiting team won two goals to one, which was the first international match of Zamora F.C.. Subsequently, it hosted three South American Cup matches and three editions of the Copa Libertadores.

In 2011, Zamora F.C. won the Clausura Championship and was runner-up in Venezuela. In mid 2013, they won the championship for the second time, and the Venezuelan Professional Football Tournament against Deportivo Anzoategui. In 2013, Zamora Football Club won its first absolute championship, the 2013 Closing Tournament. In May 2014, it won its Absolute Bicampionship vs Mineros de Guayana, and in December 2016, it got its third star (absolute championship) in five years after being crowned champion in the Opening Tournament vs Deportivo Anzoátegui, and winning the Absolute Final vs Zulia FC.

The Varyna Sport Volleyball Club of the national professional volleyball league in Venezuela was also created in 2011.

In baseball, the Petroleros de Barinas Team was established, which plays in the Venezuelan national parallel league, where it has been proclaimed champion twice.

Transport
The state's road network is the main means of communication, both internally and with the rest of the country. This road has 7,094.5 km of trunk roads of which only 15% are paved, so it is advisable to travel in all-terrain vehicles. Trunk 5 is the most important road axis and communicates Barinas with the states of Portuguesa, Táchira and Apure.

See also
 States of Venezuela

References

States of Venezuela
States and territories established in 1937

Barinas (state)


Baudó je rijeka u Kolumbiji. Teče kroz planinski lanac Serranía del Baudó, te utječe u Tihi ocean.

Izvori

Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.

Rijeke u Kolumbiji
Tihooceanski slijev (Južna Amerika)

Baudó


UiTMSAT-1 bio je malezijski nanosatelit, izgrađen prvenstveno od strane Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) kao dio multinacionalnog projekta Birds-2. 1U CubeSat lansiran je u svemir 29. lipnja 2018. i raspoređen s Međunarodne svemirske postaje (ISS) 10. kolovoza 2018.

Pozadina
Malezija je imala nekoliko satelita u orbiti, počevši od konstelacije MEASAT, prvi put operativne 1996. Njihov prvi mikrosatelit, TiungSAT-1, lansiran je 2000.

Razvoj
Planiranje misije započelo je u prosincu 2016. na Kyushu Institute of Technology (KIT). Studenti poslijediplomskog studija UiTM Syazana Basyirah Mohammad Zaki i Muhammad Hasif Azami razvijali su satelit tijekom razdoblja od 19 mjeseci i surađivali s osam drugih studenata s Filipina, Butana i Japana. Ova je suradnja također inspirirala stvaranje novog komunikacijskog satelitskog centra na Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM).

Ciljevi

 Demonstrirajte sustav automatskog izvještavanja o paketima za komunikaciju s amaterskim radio postajama.
 Detektirajte specifičnu vrstu sunčevog zračenja koja se naziva " zasun jednog događaja".
 Mjerite magnetska polja pomoću magnetometra anizotropnog magnetskog otpora .
 Djelujte kao kamera za snimanje Zemlje.

Lansiranje i misija
UiTMSAT-1 lansiran je u svemir 29. lipnja 2018. raketom Falcon 9 Full Thrust na Cape Canaveral u Floridi, Sjedinjene Američke Države, kao dio misije SpaceX CRS-15 Commercial Resupply Service. Maya-1 i BHUTAN-1, koji su također razvijeni u sklopu projekta Birds-2, bili su među korisnim teretom rakete. Sva tri nanosatelita raspoređena su s Međunarodne svemirske postaje (ISS) i dosegla orbitu 10. kolovoza 2018.

Izvori

Stranice s nepregledanim prijevodima
Umjetni sateliti
Gospodarstvo Malezije

UiTMSAT-1


NGC 270 este o galaxie lenticulară situată în constelația Balena. A fost descoperită în 10 decembrie 1798 de către William Herschel.

Note

Vezi și
 NGC 269
 NGC 271

Legături externe
 NGC 270 pe spider.seds.org
 NGC 270 pe WikiSky

Galaxii lenticulare
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Balena
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1798
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de William Herschel

NGC 270


A revolution in military affairs (RMA) is a hypothesis in military theory about the future of warfare, often connected to technological and organizational recommendations for military reform.

Broadly stated, RMA claims that in certain periods of the history of humankind, there were new military doctrines, strategies, tactics and technologies which led to an irrecoverable change in the conduct of warfare.  Furthermore, those changes compel an accelerated adaptation of novel doctrines and strategies.

In the United States, RMA is often linked to discussions such as the reorganization plan of the United States Army and total systems integration.

History
The original theorizing was done by the Soviet Armed Forces in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly by Marshal Nikolai Ogarkov. The United States initially became interested in it through Andrew Marshall, the head of the Office of Net Assessment, a Department of Defense think tank. It slowly gained credence within official military circles, and other nations began exploring similar shifts in organization and technology.

Interest in RMA and the structure of future U.S. armed forces is strong within China's People's Liberation Army and it has been incorporated into China's strategic military doctrine. Many other militaries have also researched and considered RMA as an organizational concept—e.g., those of Canada, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Singapore, Republic of China (Taiwan), India, Russia, and Germany—but not all militaries have adopted RMA, due to its significant infrastructure and investment costs.

Soviet views
Nikolai Ogarkov called the early idea of RMA the Military Technological Revolution (MTR). Pentagon officials in the United States changed the name of his original idea, which is how it became known as RMA. Orgarkov's belief that the potential and possibility for new weapons was increasing rapidly led to the development of his initial idea.

At the time of the initial development of MTR, the Soviets anticipated that certain technologies, including energy weapons and robots, would be in use by 2015 at the latest. They believed that the use of large ground forces would be minimized. In place of some ground forces, these new technologies would be implemented in order to establish dominance on the battlefield. Russians also believed that control of space would become essential for maintaining dominance in future conflicts. Soviets believed that it would be essential to control the satellite space around earth, in order to more effectively relay information. They also anticipated the ability to use space as a medium in which they could deploy weapons.

Renewed interest
The United States' victory in the 1991 Gulf War renewed interest in RMA theory. In the view of RMA proponents, American dominance through superior technology emphasized how the United States' technological advances reduced the relative power of the Iraqi military, by no means a lightweight rival, to insignificance. According to Stephen Biddle, part of the growth in popularity of the RMA theory after the Gulf War was that virtually all American military experts drastically over-estimated the coalition casualty count. This led many experts to assume that their models of war were wrong—that a revolution of sorts had occurred.

After the Kosovo War, in which the United States did not lose a single life, others suggested that war had become too sterile, creating a "virtual war". Furthermore, the United States' inability to capture Osama bin Laden or effectively combat the Iraqi insurgency led some to question RMA in the face of asymmetrical warfare, in which foes of the United States may increasingly engage in order to counter RMA's advantages.

In 1997, the U.S. Army mounted an exercise codenamed "Force 21", to test the application of digital technologies in warfare in order to improve communications and logistics by applying private-sector technologies adapted for military use. Specifically, it sought to increase awareness of one's position on the battlefield as well as that of the enemy, in order to achieve increased lethality, greater control of the tempo of warfare, and fewer instances of friendly fire via improved identification friend or foe.

In 2002, Chris Bray described RMA as new ideas about "the use of information and automation on the battlefield" to make forces "more lethal" and "more agile."

Areas of focus
One of the central problems in understanding the current debate over RMA arises from many theorists' use of the term to refer to the revolutionary technology itself, which is the driving force of change. Concurrently, other theorists tend to use the term as referring to revolutionary adaptations by military organisations that may be necessary to deal with the changes in technology. Other theorists place RMA more closely inside the specific political and economic context of globalization and the end of the Cold War.

When reviewing the gamut of theories, three fundamental versions of RMA come to the forefront. The first perspective focuses primarily upon changes in the nation-state and the role of an organised military in using force. This approach highlights the political, social, and economic factors worldwide, which might require a completely different type of military and organisational structure to apply force in the future.

Authors such as the RAND Corporation's Sean J. A. Edwards (advocate of BattleSwarm tactics, a type of military swarming), Carl H. Builder and Lt. Col. Ralph Peters emphasized the decline of the nation-state, the nature of the emerging international order, and the different types of forces needed in the near future.

The second perspective—most commonly assigned the term RMA—highlights the evolution of weapons technology, information technology, military organization, and military doctrine among advanced powers. This "System of Systems" perspective on RMA has been ardently supported by Admiral William Owens, former Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who identified three overlapping areas for force assets. These are intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, command, control, communications and intelligence processing, which allows for the use of precision force.

Advanced versions of RMA incorporate other sophisticated technologies, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), nanotechnology, robotics, and biotechnology. Recently, the RMA debate focused on "network-centric warfare" which is a doctrine that aims to connect all troops on the battlefield.

Finally, the third concept is that a "true" revolution in military affairs has not yet occurred or is unlikely to. Authors such as Michael E. O'Hanlon and Frederick Kagan, point to the fact much of the technology and weapons systems ascribed to the contemporary RMA were in development long before 1991 and the Internet and information technology boom.

Several critics point out that a "revolution" within the military ranks might carry detrimental consequences, produce severe economic strain, and ultimately prove counterproductive. Such authors tend to profess a much more gradual "evolution" in military affairs, as opposed to a rapid revolution. In 2021 the Chief of Naval Operations stated that it was a mistake to concurrently introduce 23 unproven technologies onboard carrier USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) before land-based testing, in particular the weapons elevators. The Air Force also developed the F-35 concurrently with its production, and is now seeking another fighter that is less expensive to operate; The cost penalty for concurrent development and production of the F-35 is estimated to be $2 billion.

Precision attack

By 2021 the concept and capability for Long range precision fires had developed sufficiently to be able to schedule their initial fielding by 2023, in its various materiel forms, as well as to be able to communicate the necessary doctrine for their application by the United States. In brief, no headquarters, no command center, no air defense, no missile battery, nor any logistics center of an adversary is safe in the event of war. Moreover, the strikes will be precise enough to paralyze the adversary's massed military capability. See: Artillery § Precision-guidance

In considering the implications of precision attack, it is clear that precision weapons, when coupled to recent developments in aerospace, have transformed warfare, and as a result, the question is not that "Does an RMA exist?" rather, "When did it begin, and what are its implications?" Tied to this are surprisingly persistent questions about the use and value of air power, now more accurately seen as aerospace power. If nothing else, given the record of precision air power application, aerospace power advocates should not still have to spend as much time as they do arguing the merits of three-dimensional war and precision attack's value to it. Modern joint service aerospace forces offer the most responsive, flexible, lethal, and devastating form of power projection across the spectrum of conflict, employing a range of aerospace weaponry such as maritime patrol aircraft, attack and troop-lift helicopters, land-based long-range aircraft, and battlefield rocket artillery systems. Service-specific aerospace power can often be formidable and, as such,  has transformed conflict from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, and has changed the critical focus of conflict from that of seizing and holding to one of halting and controlling.

In reviewing a few points from the military history of the 20th century, within roughly a decade of the first flight of an airplane, aircraft were having an occasionally decisive effect on the battlefield. Within four decades, a nation—Great Britain—secured its national survival through air warfare. By the midst of the Second World War, three-dimensional attack (from above and below the surface) had become the primary means of sinking both vessels at sea and destroying the combat capability of armies on land. In fact, for the United States, this trend of inflicting losses and material destruction primarily through air attack continued after the second world war for Korea, Vietnam, the Gulf, Bosnia, and other, lesser, conflicts. In particular, air attack directed against land forces has been especially powerful in blunting and destroying opponents on the offensive, whether in older experience—such as confronting Rommel in the Western Desert, or Nazi armored forces trying to split the Normandy invasion at Mortain, or at the Bulge (where German commanders credited Allied fighter attacks on fuel trucks and supplies as being the decisive factor in halting their drive), in the opening and closing stages of the Korean War, and confronting the 1972 North Vietnamese Spring Invasion—or, more recently, in destroying the Khafji offensive of Saddam Hussein in 1991. NATO's reliance upon air power in the Yugoslav Wars was not surprising because from the very earliest days, the NATO alliance saw air power as the linchpin of Western military strength and the necessary offset to the Warsaw Pact's huge military forces.

Given its historical underpinnings, we should not be surprised that the revolution in warfare that has been brought about both by the confluence of the aerospace and the electronic revolutions, and by the offshoot of both—the precision guided munition—is one that has been a long time coming, back to the Second World War, back, even, to the experimenters of the First World War who attempted, however crudely, to develop "smart" weapons to launch from airships and other craft. Used almost experimentally until the latter stages of the Vietnam War, the precision weapon since that time has increasingly come to first influence, then dominate, and now perhaps to render superfluous, the traditional notion of a linear battlefield.
A cease-fire in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war was brokered by the effective use of armed drones, loitering munitions which would lock-on to a ground target, and strike it while transmitting pictures of the kill.

In 2009 the Future Combat Systems project was cancelled by the Secretary of Defense, as too ambitious for the time. The Decker-Wagner report (2011) in fact recommended the dissolution of RDECOM, the R&D arm of the US Army. De-layering of the commands of the US Army in order to speed up development of materiel was begun in 2017.

By 2021 Long range precision fires (LRPF) at ranges well over 1725 miles were developed and well on the way toward initial fielding in 2023. The Space Development Agency's National defense space architecture is an essential part of this plan.

Criticism
The revolution of military affairs is the inclusion and expansion of new technology—e.g., drones, satellite imaging, and remotely operated vehicles—within current military tactics. RMA has generally been praised for its ability to reduce casualty rates and facilitate intelligence gathering. On the other hand, some critics argue that RMA serves to further dissociate soldiers from the horrific realities of warfare, while others maintain that RMA restricts the overall understanding of warfare and its dynamics. Scholars recommend gaining a critical understanding of RMA before implementing it.

Operation Desert Storm is considered the first major global conflict successfully implementing RMA and is considered a paragon of future military operations due to the low casualty rate and the U.S. military's speed and precision. On the other hand, others claim that RMA technology severely inhibited the U.S. military's ability to respond to guerrilla tactics and that efforts to incorporate advanced weapons like Patriot missiles were unsuccessful. Indeed, a number of epistemological issues have cropped up.

In the wake of RMA technologies such as drones, unmanned ground vehicles, and clean bombs there are several concerns about the distancing and disassociation that eclipse the realities of war. An analysis of tactical strikes reveals that while the number of ones own soldiers may be preserved as the number of long-range attacks increases, so does collateral damage. Furthermore, by removing the soldier-on-soldier element of warfare, the natural reactions and consequences of wartime actions are impacted, which has been frequently referred to as the removal of humanity from war. RMA technological advances have resulted in a dehumanizing of warfare, which negatively effects the decisions made by officers, as well as individuals in the field. Another critique argues that RMA's good intentions notwithstanding, the resulting collateral damage is unacceptable and thus urges more careful consideration in incorporating RMA technology.

Stephen Biddle's 2004 book, Military Power: Explaining Victory and Defeat in Modern War, discounts the idea of RMA. He argues that military doctrine and tactics are far more important to battle outcomes in modern warfare than is technological progress, and that basic doctrine has changed little since the second half of World War I.

See also
 Networked swarming warfare
 Effects-based operations
 Full spectrum dominance
 Military intelligence (MI)
 C4ISR and C4ISTAR
 Information warfare
 Electronic warfare
 Airborne Early Warning and Control
 Communications satellite
 Spy satellite
 Precision-guided munition
 Rapid dominance

US military-specific:
 Transformation of the United States Army, the future-concept of the US Army's modernization plan
 Battle Command Knowledge System
 Future Combat Systems
 Information Awareness Office (IAO), was established by DARPA
 DoDAF
 Global Information Grid
 ARPANET
 E-8 Joint STARS
 Joint Tactical Information Distribution System
 Tactical Data Link
 Rumsfeld Doctrine
 AirSea Battle

References

Further reading
 Alexander, John B., Future War: Non-Lethal Weapons in Twenty-First-Century Warfare, New York, Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Griffin, 1999
 Arquilla, John and David F. Ronfeldt (eds.), In Athena's Camp: Preparing for Conflict in the Information Age, Santa Monica, CA, RAND Corporation, 1997
 Barnett, Thomas P.M., The Pentagon's New Map: War and Peace in the Twenty-First Century, New York & London, Penguin, 2004
 Broad, William, Judith Miller and Stephen Engelberg, Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War, New York, Simon & Schuster, 2001
 DerDerian, James, Virtuous War: Mapping the Military-Industrial-Media-Entertainment Network, Westview Press Inc. 2001
 Edwards, Sean A. J., Swarming on the Battlefield: Past, Present, and Future, Palo Alto, CA, RAND Research, 2000
 Gongora, Thierry and Harald von Riekhoff (eds.), Toward a Revolution in Military Affairs?: Defense and Security at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century, Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2000
 Gray, Colin S., Strategy for Chaos: Revolutions in Military Affairs and The Evidence of History, London, Frank Cass, 2004
 Hardt, Michael and Antonio Negri, Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire, Hamish Hamilton, 2005
 Henrotin, Joseph, La technologie militaire en question, Paris, Economica, 2008.
 Kagan, Donald and Frederick W. Kagan, While America Sleeps: Self-Delusion, Military Weakness and the Threat to Peace Today, New York, St. Martin's Griffin, 2000
 Knox, MacGregor and Williamson Murray (eds.), The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300-2050, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001
 Krames, Jeffrey A., The Rumsfeld Way, New York & Chicago, McGraw-Hill, 2002
 Landa, Manuel de, War in the Age of Intelligent Machines, New York, Zone Books, 1991
 Rumsfeld, Donald H., Transforming the Military, in: Foreign Affairs, vol. 81, No. 3, May/June, 2002, pp. 20–32.
 Ugtoff, Victor (ed.), The Coming Crisis: Nuclear Proliferation, U.S. Interests, and World Order, Cambridge & London, The MIT Press, 2000
 Cohen, Eliot A. 1995. Come the Revolution. National Review, July 31, 26+.
 Schwartzstein, Stuart J.D. (ed.), The Information Revolution and National Security: Dimensions and Directions, Washington, D.C., The Center for Strategic & International Studies, 1996
 Tomes, Robert R., US Defense Strategy from Vietnam to Operation Iraqi Freedom: Military Innovation and the New American Way of War, 1973–2003, 2007
 John Gordon, "Transforming for What? Challenges Facing Western Militaries Today", Focus stratégique, Paris, Ifri, November 2008.
 Dajun Huo. Study on Networked Swarming Warfare. Beijing: National Defense University Press.2013
 Asymmetric Warfare and the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) Debate sponsored by the Project on Defense Alternatives

External links
 Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) Sharjeel Rizwan
 The Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA): Canada's Window On The Future
 Rebuilding America's Defenses: Strategy, Forces and Resources for a New Century Project for the New American Century

Military strategy
Command and control
Net-centric

Revolution in military affairs


Monika Mihajlović Berberović (Zagreb, 6. svibnja 1991.) je hrvatska televizijska i glasovna glumica.

Filmografija

Televizijske uloge

Sinkronizacija

Vanjske poveznice

Hrvatski televizijski glumci

Monika Mihajlović


باولو أوتوري دي ميللو هو مدرب كرة قدم برازيلي،ولد في 1956 في مدينة ريو دي جانيرو البرازيلية.

فرق قام بتدريبها

البرتغال
 ناسيونال دي مديرا
 فيتوريا
 مارتيمو
 بنفيكا

البرازيل
 فلامنجو
 بوتافوجو
 كروزيرو
 سانتوس
 ساوباولو
 النادي الوطني

بيرو
 اليانز ليما
 سبورتينج كريستال

اليابان
 كاشيما انتلرز

قطر
 نادي الريان

منتخبات قام بتدريبها
 منتخب بيرو الوطني
 منتخب  الأولمبي

الالقاب التي حصدها
 كأس العالم للأندية(ساوبالو البرازيلي)
 كأس ليبرتادوريس (ساوباولو البرازيلي)
 كأس بيرو (سبورتينغ كريستال البيروفي)
 الدوري المحلي (بوتافوغو البرازيلي)
 كأس ليبرتادوريس، كأس بيرو (اليانز ليما البيروفي)
 كاس أمير قطر مرتين (الريان القطري)

معلومات أخرى
اختاره الإتحاد الدولي لكرة القدم «الفيفا» ضمن أفضل عشر مدربي على مستوى العالم سنة 2007م.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 Técnico Paulo Autuori (Paulo Autuori) – Futpédia

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص مصابون بشلل الأطفال
برازيليون من أصل إيطالي
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في البرتغال
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في بلغاريا
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في بيرو
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في قطر
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في كولومبيا
رياضيون مغتربون برازيليون في اليابان
رياضيون من مدينة ريو دي جانيرو
مدربو أتلتيكو باراناينسي
مدربو أتليتيكو ناسيونال
مدربو أليانزا ليما
مدربو الدوري البرازيلي الدرجة الأولى
مدربو الدوري البرتغالي لكرة القدم الدرجة الممتازة
مدربو الدوري الكولومبي لكرة القدم
مدربو بوتافوغو ريغاتاس
مدربو دوري الدرجة الثانية الياباني
مدربو دوري نجوم قطر
مدربو سبورتنغ كريستال
مدربو سيريزو أوساكا
مدربو فاسكو دي غاما
مدربو فيتوريا دي غيماريش
مدربو كاشيما أنتلرز
مدربو كرة قدم برازيليون
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون برازيليون
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في البرتغال
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في اليابان
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في بلغاريا
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في بيرو
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في قطر
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في كولومبيا
مدربو كوبا أمريكا 2004
مدربو منتخب بيرو لكرة القدم
مدربو منتخب قطر لكرة القدم
مدربو نادي أتلتيكو مينيرو
مدربو نادي أمريكا (ريو دي جانيرو)
مدربو نادي الريان
مدربو نادي بنفيكا
مدربو نادي سانتوس
مدربو نادي ساو باولو
مدربو نادي فلامنغو
مدربو نادي كروزيرو
مدربو نادي لودوغورتس رازغراد
مدربو نادي ماريتيمو
مغتربون برازيليون في اليابان
مواليد 1956
مواليد في ريو دي جانيرو

باولو أتوري