Formula of Love: O+T=<3 é o terceiro álbum de estúdio coreano (sexto no geral) do girl group sul-coreano Twice. Foi lançado em 13 de novembro de 2021 pela JYP Entertainment e Republic Records. O primeiro single do álbum foi "The Feels" que também foi o primeiro single em inglês do grupo.

Em seu período de pré-venda, Formula of Love: O+T=<3 vendeu 700 mil unidades, tornando-se o álbum mais vendido do Twice até hoje; superando o recorde anteriormente detido por More & More (2020). O álbum contempla diversos gêneros como pop latino, hip hop, R&B e synth-pop. Ele também estreou em terceiro lugar na Billboard 200 com 66 mil unidades equivalentes a álbuns, tornando-se a quarta e mais alta entrada do grupo na parada.

Antecedentes e anúncio
Depois do lançamento de Eyes Wide Open (2020), Formula of Love: O+T=<3 é o terceiro álbum de estúdio do Twice em língua coreana. É o terceiro lançamento do grupo em 2021, após seu décimo mini-álbum, Taste of Love, e o terceiro álbum em japonês, Perfect World.

Formula of Love: O+T=<3 foi mencionado pela primeira vez por Chaeyoung, membro do grupo, em 13 de setembro de 2021, no vídeo de bastidores de sua sessão fotográfica da OhBoy! Magazine, embora na época, pouca coisa foi revelada. No final do videoclipe do primeiro single inglês do Twice, "The Feels", um álbum completo com lançamento previsto para novembro de 2021 foi anunciado. O nome do álbum e sua data de lançamento foram revelados em 8 de outubro. Uma prévia mostrando as quatro versões álbum físico foi postada em 12 de outubro. As pré-encomendas começaram mais tarde naquele dia. Em 29 de outubro, a lista de faixas do álbum foi anunciada.

Composição
Formula of Love: O+T=<3 é um álbum de estúdio com quinze faixas que apresenta gêneros como city pop, dance-pop, deep house, disco, hip hop, pop latino, nu-disco, reggaeton e R&B. Nayeon, Jihyo, Dahyun e Chaeyoung participaram da escrita de algumas músicas do álbum. Em entrevista à Associated Press, Jihyo revelou que a morte de sua planta de estimação foi sua inspiração para escrever a música "Cactus" (선se).

Lançamento
Em 20 de outubro de 2021, durante a semana do sexto aniversário do grupo, Twice realizou uma transmissão ao vivo chamada de H6me Party with 6nce, em que cantaram "Candy", uma canção em inglês do álbum dedicada aos seus fãs. Em 24 de outubro, a JYP Entertainment lançou um trailer no estilo mocumentário com membros do Twice vestidas de cientistas no "Twice Love Lab". Twice lançou várias fotos conceituais para promover o álbum e sua faixa-título, "Scientist". Além disso, teasers para o videoclipe de "Scientist" foram lançados dias antes de seu lançamento. Horas antes do lançamento oficial de Formula of Love: O+T=<3, o grupo entrou ao vivo no YouTube e V Live para discutir a produção do álbum.

Referências

Álbuns de Twice
Álbuns de 2021

Formula of Love: O+T=＜3


Fritz Brupbacher (1874-1945), médecin, psychiatre, écrivain, syndicaliste et militant socialiste libertaire et antimilitariste suisse.
 Joëlle Brupbacher (1978-2011), alpiniste suisse.
 Paulette Brupbacher (1880-1967), médecin et féministe libertaire russe puis suisse.
 Stefan Brupbacher (1967-), directeur d'association et homme politique suisse.

Patronyme suisse

Brupbacher


Un canon al crabului (în ; ; din ), numit de asemenea canon retrograd (în ; ; ) sau canon în recurență, este un aranjament contrapunctic în care două linii melodice sunt complementare și simetrice una în raport cu alta, fiecare din ele reprezentând desfășurarea temporală în ordine inversă a celeilalte. Construcția este similară unui palindrom, partitura putând fi executată în ambele sensuri, atât dinspre început spre sfârșit, cât și dinspre sfârșit înspre început.

La origine, termenul muzical desemna un tip de canon în care vocile paralele urmează aceeași linie melodică reversibilă, dar în sens contrar: vocea care imită (risposta) parcurge "înapoi" secvența de note pe care vocea imitată (proposta) o parcurge "înainte". De exemplu, secvența FABACEAE este intonată simultan cu EAECABAF. Prin excepție de la regula generală a canoanelor, în cazul unui "canon al crabului" nu este obligatoriu ca intrările diferitelor voci să fie succesive și decalate în timp, ceea ce face ca distincția dintre o voce antecedentă și una consecventă să nu fie riguros aplicabilă, rolurile acestora fiind perfect interschimbabile.

Termenul cancrizans a fost derivat în limba latină medievală din cuvântul cancer, cancris (crab) și trimite la pretinsul mers "înapoi" care ar fi caracteristic acestui crustaceu. Utilizarea tehnicii componistice cancricare (în mișcare retrogradă) este atestată încă din secolul al XVI-lea.

Un exemplu celebru de "canon al crabului" se găsește în lucrarea lui Johann Sebastian Bach Ofranda Muzicală (Canon 1 a 2).

Referințe

Forme muzicale
Terminologie muzicală

Canonul crabului


Ivan Macut (Vukovar, 3. listopada 1981.), hrvatski filozof, teolog i esejist, katolički svećenik i redovnik franjevac

Životopis
Rođen je 3. listopada 1981. u Vukovaru, gdje je započeo osnovnu školu, koju je potom pohađao u Imotskom te u Sinju, gdje je završio Franjevačku klasičnu gimnaziju. Filozofsko-teološki studij završio je na Katoličkom bogoslovnom fakultetu u Splitu. Godine 2009. započeo je poslijediplomski studij iz međureligijskog dijaloga i ekumenske teologije u Rimu te je 24. lipnja 2011. god. Na Papinskom sveučilištu Lateran postigao akademski stupanj licencijata, a 29. svibnja 2013. na Papinskom sveučilištu Antonianumu obranio je doktorski rad u ekumenskoj teologiji. Godine 2015. na Filozofskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Splitu obranio je doktorski rad pod naslovom Filozofija u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj.Područja kojim se posebno bavi jesu: hrvatska filozofija 19. i 20. stoljeća, teologija religija, ekumenska teologija i scijentologija. Uz teološke članke i eseje piše i meditacije, razmatranja,  duhovna razmišljanja i propovijedi.

Svečane je zavjete položio 10. rujna 2006., a za svećenika Franjevačke provincije Presvetog Otkupitelja zaređen je 24. lipnja 2007. god. Pastoralno je djelovao kao đakon i kao župni vikar tri godine u Župi sv. Franje u Imotskom, te je bio i na službi dušobrižnika u Hrvatskoj katoličkoj misiji u Berlinu. 14. veljače 2019. godine izabran je u znanstveno-nastavno zvanje docenta (Katedra ekumenskog bogoslovlja). Od akademske godine 2019./2020. pročelnik je katedre ekumenskog bogoslovlja na Katoličkom bogoslovnom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Splitu.
Urednik Službe Božje i Početaka.

Djela
Popis djela:

 Il pensiero ecumenico di Oscar Cullmann. Indagine sulla sua opera teologica, Roma, 2013.
 Vodič kroz sakrament pokore i pomirenja, Franjevački samostan, Imotski, 2014.
 Marija – naša majka. Propovijedi i razmišljanja o Blaženoj Djevici Mariji, Glas Koncila, Zagreb, 2014.
 Jedno u Kristu. Ekumenska promišljanja i konkretni pastoralni poticaji, Kršćanska sadašnjost, Zagreb, 2015.
 Scijentološka "Crkva", Glas Koncila, Zagreb 2015.
 Ekumenizam pape Franje, Kršćanska sadašnjost, Zagreb, 2015.
 Suvremeni ekumenski pokret – Svjetske konferencije (1910. – 2013.). Pokret za život i djelovanje – Pokret za vjeru i ustrojstvo Crkve – Ekumensko vijeće crkava, Glas Koncila, Zagreb, 2017.
 Petar Grabić. Nova revija – vjeri i nauci, Služba Božja, Split, 2018. (u suautorstvu s Petar Macut)
 Filozofija u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2018.
 Hrvatska filozofija od obnove Zagrebačkog sveučilišta 1874. do osnutka Nezavisne Države Hrvatske 1941., Služba Božja, Split, 2018.
 Mate Zoričić, Služba Božja, Split, 2019. (u suautorstvu s Jakov Udovičić)
 Katolička Crkva i suvremeni ekumenski pokret, Glas koncila, Zagreb, 2019.
 Martin Luther, Magnificat – Veliča. Uvodna studija i prijevod komentara Ivan Macut – Dinko Aračić, Služba Božja, Split, 2019.
 Asirska Crkva Istoka. Povijest – doktrina – ekumenizam s Katoličkom Crkvom, Kršćanska sadašnjost, Zagreb, 2020.
 Hrvatska filozofija od sloma Nezavisne Države Hrvatske 1945. do raspada Socijalističke Federativne Republike Jugoslavije 1991. godine, Služba Božja, Split, 2020.

Izvori

Hrvati u Njemačkoj
Životopisi, Vukovar
Hrvatski rimokatolički teolozi
Hrvatski esejisti
Urednici Službe Božje

Ivan Macut


Armagedon ili kraj, kratki film redatelja Ivana Martinca.

Izvori

Hrvatski filmovi 1960-ih
Hrvatski kratki filmovi

Armagedon ili kraj (1964.)


Merve-Verlag este o mică editură germană ce publică în principal lucrări de filosofie, istoria artei și politică.

Istoria editurii
Data fondării editurii este considerată a fi 17 februarie 1970. În această zi, fondatorii ulteriori ai editurii, Peter Gente, Merve Lowien, Rüdiger Möllering și Michael Kwiatkowski au tipărit cartea Wie sollen wir "Das Kapital" lesen de Louis Althusser, care a apărut chiar fără numele editurii. În actul de înființare a GmbH din 23 iunie 1970, Peter Gente, Merve Lowien, Dieter Reincke, Michael Kwiatkowski și Rüdiger Möllering sunt menționați ca asociați ai editurii. Ei s-au referit în primii ani la ei înșiși ca formând un colectiv socialist. Numele editurii este prenumele lui Merve Lowien, ales de către colectivul fondatorilor. Director general și lector a fost Wolfgang Hagen. Hanns Zischler nu era la acea vreme asociat al editurii. Mai târziu s-a alăturat editurii partenera de viață a lui Gente, Heidi Paris (1950-2002), iar colectivul s-a dizolvat. Împreună cu Peter Gente, ea a stabilit programul editorial pentru mai mult de două decenii. Încă de la înființarea editurii, cărțile Merve au fost publicate cu un aspect distinctiv, proiectat de Jochen Stankowski.

În faza timpurie neomarxistă a editurii accentul a fost pus pe Italia. Grupările radicale de stânga Il Manifesto și Lotta Continua au găsit aici un forum, iar filosofi leniniști majori ca Lucio Colletti sau Toni Negri au deveniți cunoscuți în RFG prin intermediul editurii Merve. Aici au apărut, de asemenea, lucrări ale grupului de la Frankfurt "Revolutionärer Kampf", în care a fost implicat și Joschka Fischer.

Arhiva editurii a fost achiziționată în 2006 de către Centrul pentru Artă și Tehnologie Media din Karlsruhe. Peter Gente a părăsit editura Merve după 37 de ani și s-a mutat în Thailanda în 2007. Astăzi, activitatea Merve-Verlag continuă sub îndrumarea lui Tom Lamberty, care lucrează aici de la moartea lui Heidi Paris în 2002.

Istoricul cultural Philipp Felsch prezintă aproape întreaga istorie a editurii în cartea sa Der lange Sommer der Theorie. Geschichte einer Revolte, apărută în 2015 la C. H. Beck.

Programul editorial
Mai recent, editura Merve, în colaborare cu filosoful și teoreticianul literar Armen Avanessian, a publicat o varietate de titluri de realism speculativ și de acceleraționism. Printre autorii publicați se numără Ray Brassier, Graham Harman, Quentin Meillassoux, Nick Srnicek și Alex Williams.

Programul editorial include până în prezent aproximativ 400 de titluri. În medie un titlul nou apare cam în fiecare lună.

Note

Bibliografie
 Philipp Felsch: Der lange Sommer der Theorie. Geschichte einer Revolte. 1960-1990. C. H. Beck, München 2015. 327 S.
 Philipp Felsch: Merves Lachen, in: Zeitschrift für Ideengeschichte 2 (2008), S. 11–30.
 Sabine Vogel: Die Kunst der Verschwindens. Es begann im Geist der 68er-Bewegung: Jetzt hat Peter Gente sein Lebenswerk, den Merve Verlag, weitergegeben, in: Berliner Zeitung, 2. Januar 2008.
 Mark Terkessidis: Als die Kämpfe kleiner wurden. In 30 Jahren von der "Internationalen Marxistischen Diskussion" zum "Internationalen Merve Diskurs" , in: Jungle World, 26. Januar 2000.
 Harry Pross: Erfahrungen in einem linken Verlagsobjekt: Merve über Merve, zeit.de, 23. September 1977 (abgerufen am 22. Dezember 2017)

Legături externe
 Offizielle Website
 heidi-paris.de – unveröffentlichte Texte und Aufzeichnungen aus dem Nachlass von Heidi Paris
 "Wir blickten auch nicht durch", taz, 27. Januar 2007, Peter Gente im Interview mit Mathias Bröckers

Fondări în 1970
Edituri din Germania

Merve Verlag


est un film dramatique mexicano-argentin écrit et réalisé par Natalia López et sorti en 2022.

Le film raconte l'histoire de trois femmes  qui entrent en conflit direct ou indirect avec le commerce local de la drogue. Il est présenté en avant-première à la Berlinale 2022, où il obtient le prix du jury.

Synopsis

Fiche technique

 Titre original :
 Titre de travail :
 Réalisation et scénario : Natalia López
 Photographie : Adrian Durazo
 Montage : Natalia López
 Musique : Santiago Pedroncini
 Pays de production : ,
 Langue originale : espagnol
 Format : couleur
 Genre : drame
 Durée : 118 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 Allemagne :  (Berlinale)

Distribution

 Nailea Norvind
 Antonia Olivares
 Aida Roa

Production

Accueil

Distinction
 Berlinale 2022 : Prix du jury

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film argentin sorti en 2022
Film mexicain sorti en 2022
Film dramatique argentin
Film dramatique mexicain
Film en espagnol
Premier long métrage

Robe of Gems


سليم سوهالي هو فنان تشكيلي، كاتب وموسيقي من مواليد 1956 بمدينة باتنة ، شرق الجزائر. وبالإضافة إلى الفن التشكيلي فهو نحات ورسام كاريكاتير ومصمم إعلانات· وفي الأغنية، فهو كاتب كلمات ومغنّ وملحّن وباحث في الموسيقى الأمازيغية· أما في عالم المسرح فهو سيناريست، ومختص في وضع الموسيقى التصويرية· كما كتب مجموعة من النصوص المسرحية: موحند أفحلول، أحنا هما حنا، فن وعفن، خلف دور، قافلة تسير، عروس المطر·

مصادر

أشخاص من باتنة
أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
رسامون جزائريون
فنانون تشكيليون جزائريون
مواليد 1375 هـ
مواليد 1956
مواليد في حيدوسة

سليم سوهالي


210414 Gebartolomei este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
210414 Gebartolomei este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la San Marcello Pistoiese de Luciano Tesi și Giancarlo Fagioli. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,28 ua, o excentricitate de 0,14 și o înclinație de 3,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 210001-211000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2007
Centura de asteroizi

210414 Gebartolomei


An Dactylodenia in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Dactylodenia in nahilalakip ha familia nga Orchidaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Dactylodenia

Dactylodenia


Olaylar
 8 Nisan - New York'ta ilk sinagog hizmete girdi.
 28 Eylül - Patrona Halil İsyanı başladı; 1718'de Pasarofça Antlaşması ile başlayan Lale Devri'nin sonu geldi.
 28 Eylül - Osmanlı padişahı III. Ahmed, Patrona Halil İsyanı'yla saltanattan indirildi. Yerine yeğeni I. Mahmud padişah oldu.
 15 Kasım - Tören yapılacağı bahanesiyle saraya çağrılan Patrona Halil ve yandaşları yakalanarak öldürüldü.

Doğumlar
 7 Mart – Baron de Breteuil, Monarşi döneminde son Fransa başbakanı (ö. 1807)
 16 Nisan – Henry Clinton, Britanya Ordusu generali (ö. 1795)
 26 Nisan – John Moore, Canterbury Başpiskoposu (ö. 1805)
 13 Mayıs – Charles Watson-Wentworth, Birleşik Krallık başbakanı (ö. 1782)
 21 Haziran – Motoori Norinaga, Japanese philologist and scholar of the kokugaku school (d. 1801)
 12 Temmuz – Josiah Wedgwood, English potter (d. 1795)
 26 Temmuz – Charles Messier, French astronomer (d. 1817)
 17 Eylül – Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Prussian army officer (d. 1794)
 23 Kasım – William Moultrie, American general (d. 1805)
 25 Aralık – Philip Mazzei, Italian physician and friend of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1816)
 30 Aralık – William Hamilton, British diplomat and antiquary (d. 1803)
 date unknown
 Gelenbevi İsmail Efendi, Osmanlı matematikçi (ö. 1790)
 Tatarcık Abdullah Efendi, Osmanlı devlet adamı (ö. 1797)
 John Cook, American farmer and President of Delaware (d. 1789)
 John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, (Lord Dunmore) (d. 1809)

Ölümler
 Nedim
 Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Paşa
 Kaymak Mustafa Paşa
 1 Ocak
 Daniel Finch, English politician (b. 1647)
 Samuel Sewall, English-born judge (b. 1652)
 29 Ocak – II. Peter, Rus çarı (d. 1715)
 21 Şubat – XIII. Benedict, Papa (d. 1649)
 9 Mart – Frances Talbot (b. c. 1647)
 20 Mart – Adrienne Lecouvreur, French actress (b. 1692)
 23 Mart – I. Charles (Hessen-Cassel) (d. 1654)
 Nisan – Yinxiang, Qing hanedanı prensi (b. 1686)
 30 Mayıs – Arabella Churchill, English mistress of James II of England (b. 1648)
 7 Temmuz – Olivier Levasseur, French pirate
 18 Temmuz – François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi, French soldier (b. 1644)
 27 Eylül – Laurence Eusden, English poet (b. 1688)
 12 Ekim – IV. Frederik, Danimarka ve Norveç kralı (b. 1671)
 15 Ekim – Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, French explorer (b. 1658)
 23 Ekim – Anne Oldfield, English actress (b. 1683)
 21 Kasım – François de Troy, French portrait artist

1730


ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රමුඛතම පලම පෙල තරගාවලිය මෙය වේ. 1938 දී ආරම්භ වු මෙම තරගාවලිය විවිධ නම් වලින් හදුන්වා දී ඇත.1988-89 තරගාවලිවට පෙර තරග පලමු පෙල තරග ලෙස නොසලකයි.Founded as Lakspray Trophy in 1988-89 දී ලක්ස්ප්‍රේ කුසලානය ලෙස ආරම්භ විය.1990-91 දී පී. සරවනමුත්තු කුසලානය ලෙසත් 1998-99 සිට ප්‍රිමියර් කුසලානය ලෙසත් හදුන්වයි.

වර්තමාන කණ්ඩායම්
පලමු පෙල තරගාවලිය කාණ්ඩ දෙකකට බෙදා පැවැත්වේ. පහත කණ්ඩායම් 14 A කාණ්ඩයේ 2019-20 ප්‍රිමියර් කුසලානයට තරග වදියි.

Group A
 Burgher Recreation Club
 Colombo Cricket Club
 Colts Cricket Club
 Moors Sports Club
 Negombo Cricket Club
 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
 Sri Lanka Army Sports Club

Group B
 Badureliya Sports Club
 Chilaw Marians Cricket Club
 Lankan Cricket Club
 Nondescripts Cricket Club
 Ragama Cricket Club
 Saracens Sports Club
 Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club

පහත කණ්ඩායම් 12 B කාණ්ඩයේ කුසලානය සදහා තරග කරයි.

 බ්ලූම්පීල්ඩ් ක්‍රිකට් සහ මලල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
 ගාල්ල ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
 Kalutara Town Club
 Kandy Customs Cricket Club
 Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club
 Nugegoda Sports Welfare Club
 Panadura Sports Club
 Police Sports Club
 Sebastianites Cricket and Athletic Club
 Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club
 Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club
 Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club

ජයග්‍රාහකයෝ
Daily News කුසලානය
1938 කළුතර නගර සමාජය
1938–39 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1939–40 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1940–41 සැරසන් ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1941–42 තරගාවලියක් පවත්වා නැත
1942–43 තරගාවලියක් පවත්වා නැත
1943–44 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1944–45 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1945–46 දෙමළ සමාජ ක්‍රිකට් සහ මලල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1946–47 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1947–48 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1948–49 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1949–50 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය

පී. සරවනමුත්තු කුසලානය
1950–51 දෙමළ සමාජ ක්‍රිකට් සහ මලල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1951–52 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1952–53 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1953–54 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1954–55 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1955–56 BRC සමාජය
1956–57 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1957–58 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1958–59 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1959–60 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1960–61 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1961–62 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1962–63 University
1963–64 බ්ලූම්පීල්ඩ් ක්‍රිකට් සහ මලල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1964–65 Nomads Sports Club
1965–66 තරගාවලියක් පවත්වා නැත
1966–67 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1967–68 Nomads Sports Club
1968–69 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1969–70 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1970–71 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1971–72 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1972–73 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1973–74 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1974–75 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1975–76 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය

රොබට් සේනානායක කුසලානය
1976–77 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1977–78 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1978–79 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1979–80 කොළඹ ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1980–81 බ්ලූම්පීල්ඩ් ක්‍රිකට් සහ මලල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1981–82 බ්ලූම්පීල්ඩ් ක්‍රිකට් සහ මලල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය

ලක්ස්ප්‍රේ කුසලානය
1982–83 බ්ලූම්පීල්ඩ් ක්‍රිකට් සහ මලල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1983–84 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1984–85 කොළඹ ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1985–86 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය & නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1986–87 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1987–88 කොළඹ ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1988–89 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය & සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය (inaugural first-class season)
1989–90 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1990–91 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය

පී සරවනමුත්තු කුසලානය
1991–92 කෝල්ට්ස් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1992–93 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1993–94 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1994–95 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය and බ්ලූම්පීල්ඩ් ක්‍රිකට් සහ මලල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1995–96 කොළඹ ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
1996–97 බ්ලූම්පීල්ඩ් ක්‍රිකට් සහ මලල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1997–98 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය

ප්‍රිමියර් කුසලානය
1998–99 බ්ලූම්පීල්ඩ් ක්‍රිකට් සහ මලල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
1999–00 කෝල්ට්ස් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
2000–01 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
2001–02 කෝල්ට්ස් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
2002–03 මුවර්ස් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
2003–04 බ්ලූම්පීල්ඩ් ක්‍රිකට් සහ මලල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
2004–05 කෝල්ට්ස් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
2005–06 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
2006–07 කොළඹ ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
2007–08 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
2008–09 කෝල්ට්ස් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
2009–10 හලාවත මේරියන්ස් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
2010–11 බ්ලූම්පීල්ඩ් ක්‍රිකට් සහ මලල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
2011–12 කෝල්ට්ස් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
2012–13 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
2013–14 නන්ඩස්ක්‍රිප්ට් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
2014–15 වරාය අධිකාරී ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
2015–16 දෙමළ සමාජ ක්‍රිකට් සහ මලල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
2016–17 සිංහල ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය
2017–18 හලාවත මේරියන්ස් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
2018-19 කොළඹ ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය
2019-20 කොළඹ ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය

සමාජ අනුව ජයග්‍රහණ
 † පෙරපැවැති සමාජ            * සමජයග්‍රහණ

References

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ක්‍රිකට්
පලමු පෙල ක්‍රිකට්
ක්‍රීඩා තරගාවලි
ක්‍රිකට් තරගාවලි

ප්‍රිමියර් කුසලාන තරගාවලිය


جليل البنداري كاتب وصحفي وناقد فني مصري شهير، ولد في ديسمبر1916 وتوفي في29 نوفمبر1968 عن عمرلا يتجاوز52 عاما بدأ حياته العملية في مصلحة التليفونات ويلتحق بالعمل في مؤسسة الأخبار التي تدرج بها حتي استطاع أن يصبح من كبار الكتاب والنقاد.

تميز بأسلوبه اللاذع وسلاطة اللسان بحيث ان الفنانة تحية كاريوكا كانت تقول عنه انه (جليل) الأدب واحنا (بنداري) عليه، أشتهرت التسميات التي كان يطلقها على الفنانين أو الأعمال الفنية فهو الذي أطلق على عبد الحليم حافظ لقب (العندليب الاسمر)، وعلى لقاء ام كلثوم وعبد الوهاب في أغنية أنت عمري (لقاء السحاب).

كان واحدا من ألمع الصحفيين وأكثرهم شهرة علي مدي ما يقرب من أكثر من نصف قرن، وعرفه قراء أخبار اليوم جيدا بسبب تحريره لمئات المقالات والموضوعات الفنية، فهو أول من أطلق علي أم كلثوم 'معبد الحب'، وعبد الحليم 'جسر التنهدات' وهو جد المخرج السينمائي أحمد البنداري

فيلموجرافيا

تأليف
 وداد الغازية (1983).... قصة
 مبة كشر (1974).... قصة
 شفيقة القبطية (1963).... قصة
 لوعة الحب (1960).... قصة
 العتبة الخضراء (1959).... قصة وسيناريو وحوار
 أبو عيون جريئة (1958).... قصة وسيناريو وحوار
 موعد مع ابليس (1955).... مؤلف
 الأنسة حنفي (1954).... قصة وسيناريو وحوار
 صورة الزفاف (1952).... حوار
 العقل زينة (1950).... حوار
 فتح مصر (1948).... حوار
 الشاطر حسن (1948).... حوار

موسيقى
 صورة الزفاف (1952).... تأليف الأغانى
 مبروك عليكى (1949).... تأليف الأغانى
 المستقبل المجهول (1948).... تأليف الأغانى
 الشاطر حسن (1948).... تأليف الأغانى
 نجف (1946).... تأليف الأغانى
 شهرزاد (1946).... تأليف الأغانى
 الأبرياء (1944).... تأليف الأغانى

الإنتاج
 موعد مع ابليس (1955).... منتج
 الأنسة حنفي (1954).... إنتاج

روابط خارجية

مراجع

صحفيون مصريون
مفكرون مصريون
نقاد مصريون
وفيات 1388 هـ

جليل البنداري


ස්වීඩන රාජධානිය උතුරු යු‍රෝපයේ ස්කැන්ඩිනේවියානු අර්ධද්විපයේ පිහිටි රටකි. එහි මායිම් බටහිරින් නොර්වේ, ඊසානෙන් ෆින්ලන්තය, දකුණට මායිම් වන්නේ ඩෙන්මාර්ක් ජර්මනිය සහ පෝලන්තය වන අතර නැගෙනහිරින් එස්ටෝනියා, ලැම්බියා, ලිතුවේනියා හා රුසියාව වේ. ස්වීඩනය ඩෙන්මාර්කයට ඔරෙසන්ඩ් තුලින් පාලම් උමගයකින් සම්බන්ධ වේ. වර්ග කි.මී. 450,295 කින් යුරෝපියානු සංගමයේ තුන්වන විශාලතම රටවන අතර ජනගහනය මිලියන 9.2 කි. ස්වීඩනයට අඩු ජනගහණ ඝනත්වයක් තිබෙන අතර එය වර්ග කි.මී. වැසියන් 21 වන අතර රටේ දකුණු ප්‍රදේශයේ ජනගහණ ඝනත්වය වැඩි වන අතර එය නාගරිකව 85% ක් පමණ වේ. නාගරීකරණය සමඟ මෙම සංඛ්‍යාව ඉහල යනු ඇතැයි සැලකේ. අගනුවර වන්නේ ස්ටොක්හෝම් ය. මෙය රටේ විශාලතම නගරය වන අතර නාගරිකව ජනගහනය මිලියන 1.3 කි. ස්ටොක්හෝම් නගරය අවට මිලියන 2ක් පදිංචිව සිටිති. 17 ශතවර්ෂවලදී ස්කැන්ඩිනේවියානු අර්ධද්විපයෙන් පිටත ප්‍රදේශ අහිමිවීම සහ 1809 දී වර්තමානයේ ෆින්ලන්තය වන නැගෙනහිර ස්වීඩනයේ කොටස් රුසියාවට අයත් විය. ස්වීඩනයේ මුලික මැදිහත්වීමෙන් කල අවසන් සටන 1814 වන අතර ස්වීඩනය හමුදාමය තැනකින් නෝර්වේ හට පුද්ගලික සංගමයකට එළඹගත් අතර එය 1905 වර්ෂය තෙක් පැවතුනි. ස්වීඩනය සාමය පැවතුන කාලයේ නොබැදි විදේශිය පනතක් අනුගමනය කල අතර යුධ සමයේ දී මධ්‍යස්ථ රටක් විය. වර්තමානයේ ස්වීඩනය ව්‍යවස්ථාදායක රාජාණ්ඩුවකින් හා පාර්ලිමේන්තු පද්ධතියකින් හා ඉහල වර්ධනය වු ආර්ථිකයකින් යුක්තය. ආර්ථික ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී සටහනේ එය ලෝකයේ පළමු තැන සිටියි. ස්වීඩනය 1995 ජනවාරි 01 දා සිට යුරෝපානු සංගමයේ සාමාජිකයෙක් වන අතර ආර්ථික සහයෝගය හා සංවර්ධනය පිළිබඳ සංවිධානය (OECD) හි සාමාජිකත්වය ද දරයි.

ආශ්‍රිත

List of Sweden-related topics
 Outline of Sweden
 329 Svea

සටහන්

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැඳි

 Sweden. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
 Sweden entry at Britannica.com

 Sweden from UCB Libraries GovPubs

 Sweden profile from the BBC News

 Key Development Forecasts for Sweden from International Futures
 Study in Sweden – official guide to studying in Sweden
 Wayback Machine Technological Waves and Economic Growth in Sweden 1850–2005
 Sweden – Economic Growth and Structural Change, 1800–2000 — EH.Net Encyclopedia
 vifanord – a digital library that provides scientific information on the Nordic and Baltic countries as well as the Baltic region as a whole

Public sector
 Sweden.se — Sweden's official portal
 The Swedish Parliament – official website
 The Government of Sweden – official website
 The Royal Court  – official website of the Swedish Monarchy

News media
 Radio Sweden – public service
 Sveriges Television  – public service
 Dagens Nyheter
 Svenska Dagbladet
 The Local – Sweden's news in English – independent English language news site

Trade
 World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Sweden

Travel
 VisitSweden.com – official travel and tourism website for Sweden

Northwestern European countries
Members of the Nordic Council
Member states of the European Union
Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සාමාජික රාජ්‍ය
Kingdom of Sweden
Scandinavian countries
යුරෝපය තුළ රටවල්
States and territories established in the 12th century
Christian states
Swedish-speaking countries and territories
OECD members

ස්වීඩනය


Petchersk peut désigner :
 Petchersk, un quartier historique de Kiev, en Ukraine ;
 Raïon de Petchersk, un raïon  de Kiev, en Ukraine.

Petchersk


Robert Lawrence Trask (10 November 1944 – 27 March 2004) was an American-British professor of linguistics at the University of Sussex, and an authority on the Basque language and the field of historical linguistics.

Biography
Born in Olean, New York, he initially studied chemistry in his home country, but after a brief stint in the Peace Corps he took an interest in linguistics. He received his doctorate in linguistics from the University of London, and thereafter taught at various universities in the United Kingdom. He became a professor of linguistics at the University of Sussex.

He was considered an authority on the Basque language: his book The History of Basque (1997) is an essential reference on diachronic Basque linguistics and probably the best introduction to Basque linguistics as a whole. He was at work compiling an etymological dictionary of that language when he died; the unfinished work was posthumously published on the Internet by Max W. Wheeler. He was also an authority on historical linguistics, and had written about the problem of the origin of language.
He also published two introductory books to linguistics: Language: The basics (1995) and Introducing Linguistics (coauthored with Bill Mayblin) (2000), and several dictionaries on different topics of this science: A dictionary of grammatical terms in linguistics (1993), A dictionary of phonetics and phonology (1996), A student's dictionary of language and linguistics (1997), Key concepts in language and linguistics (1999), The dictionary of historical and comparative linguistics (2000) and The Penguin dictionary of English grammar (2000).

Other of his books include:

 Language Change (1994)
 Historical Linguistics (1996),
 The Penguin Guide to Punctuation (1997)
 The Penguin Dictionary of English Grammar (2000),
 Time Depth in Historical Linguistics (co-editor) (2000),
 Mind the Gaffe (2001),
 How to Write Effective Emails (2005),

References

External links
 The Larry Trask Archive
 Interview with The Guardian
 Contributions to Ask-a-Linguist
Larry Trask's review of The Atoms of Language: The Mind's Hidden Rules of Grammar by Mark C. Baker
Larry Trask's Guide to Punctuation
 Obituaries
 The Guardian
 The Telegraph
 Linguist List
 Peace Corps Online
 University of Sussex Newsletter (includes a photograph)

1944 births
2004 deaths
Academics of the University of Sussex
Alumni of the University of London
Basque-language scholars
Neurological disease deaths in England
Deaths from motor neuron disease
Historical linguists
Linguists from the United States
People from New York (state)
20th-century linguists

Larry Trask


O torneio feminino de voleibol nos Jogos Pan-Americanos Júnior de 2021 foi realizado entre os dias entre os dias 1 a 5 de dezembro, cujas partidas foram realizadas no Coliseo Evangelista Mora em Cáli. Oito equipes participaram do evento que consagrou a equipe do Brasil como campeão.

Medalhistas

Qualificação das equipes para o torneio

Formato
As oito equipes foram divididas em dois grupos de quatro seleções cada. As equipes do mesmo grupo se enfrentaram, totalizando 3 jogos para cada time. As duas seleções mais bem classificadas de cada grupo avançaram para as semifinais. As seleções que terminaram em terceiro lugar nos seus respectivos grupos disputaram o 5º lugar; e as seleções que ficaram em quarto lugar, disputaram o 7º lugar. Nas semifinais, as equipes vencedoras disputaram a medalha de ouro e as perdedoras a medalha de bronze.

Primeira Fase

Todas as partidas seguem o fuso horário local (UTC-5).

Grupo A

|}

Resultados

{{Voleibolbox
|data=1 de dezembro de 2021
|hora=20:30
|relatório=P2P3Relatório
|time1=
|placar=3 – 0
|time2=
|set1=252525|set=Set 1Set 2Set 3
|set2=11911
|estadio=Coliseo Evangelista Mora, Cáli
|publico=1.500
|árbitro=
}}Grupo B|}

Resultados

 Decisão do 5º e 7º lugar 7º Lugar5º Lugar Fase Final Semifinais3º LugarFinal Classificação Final

Premiações individuais

Os destaques individuais da competição foram:Most Valuable Player  Diana AlecrimMelhor Oposto  Lorrayna MarysMelhores Ponteiras  Ana Karina Olaya
  Madeline GuillénMelhor Levantadora  Jackeline MorenoMelhores Centrais  Darlevis Mosquera
  Valerin CarabaliMelhor Líbero  Kiaraliz Perez CatalaMaior Pontuadora  Mayara BarcelosMelhor Sacadora  Grecia CastroMelhor Receptora  Maria Agostina PelozoMelhor Defensora'''
  Yaneirys Rodríguez

Eventos do voleibol nos Jogos Pan-Americanos Júnior de 2021
2021 no voleibol

Voleibol nos Jogos Pan-Americanos Júnior de 2021 - Feminino


Patrick Wayne Swayze ( ; August 18, 1952 – September 14, 2009) was an American actor, dancer, and singer-songwriter known for playing distinctive lead roles, particularly romantic, tough, and comedic characters. He was also known for his media image and looks; People magazine named Swayze the "Sexiest Man Alive" in 1991.

Swayze received three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Lead Actor in a Motion Picture – Comedy or Musical, for his roles in the romance film Dirty Dancing (1987), the fantasy film Ghost (1990), and the road comedy film To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything, Julie Newmar (1995). He also acted in famous action films, such as Road House (1989) and Point Break (1991). He was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1997.

Swayze co-wrote and recorded the popular song "She's Like the Wind" and was posthumously awarded the Rolex Dance Award in 2012. In 2009, Swayze died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 57.

Early life
Patrick Wayne Swayze was born on August 18, 1952, in Houston, Texas, the second child of Patsy Swayze (née Karnes; 1927–2013), a dancer, choreographer, and dance instructor, and Jesse Wayne Swayze (1925–1982), an engineering draftsman. He had an older sister, Vickie (1949–1994), two younger brothers, actor Don (born 1958) and Sean (born 1962), and a younger sister, Bambi, who was adopted (born 1966). Swayze's paternal ancestor was Englishman John Swasey (1619–1706) from Bridport in Dorset. During the Puritan migration to New England between 1620 and 1640, Swasey traveled aboard The Recovery, ultimately arriving in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He married Katherine Kinge from Essex and eventually had seven children. Their grandson, Samuel, a judge, was among the first to use the Swayze spelling.

Until age 20, Swayze lived in the Oak Forest neighborhood of Houston, where he attended St. Rose of Lima Catholic School, Oak Forest Elementary School, Black Middle School, Waltrip High School, and San Jacinto College Central. During this time, he pursued multiple artistic and athletic skills, such as ice skating, classical ballet, and acting in school plays. He also played football during high school, hoping to receive a football scholarship for college until a knee injury ended his career. He concurrently practiced martial arts such as Wushu, Taekwondo, and Aikido, which he used to channel his "self-deprecating rage." In 1972, he moved to New York City to complete his formal dance training at the Harkness Ballet and Joffrey Ballet schools.

Career

1980s

Patrick Swayze's first professional appearance was as a dancer for the Disney Theatrical Group in a show called Disney on Parade. He then starred in the role of Danny Zuko in one of the replacement casts for the long-running Broadway production of Grease. In 1979, he made his film debut as Ace in Skatetown, U.S.A. At the height of the popularity of disco, he starred in a Pabst Blue Ribbon commercial of him going on a date at a disco-themed nightclub with Pabst's then-jingle set to disco music. He appeared in the M*A*S*H episode "Blood Brothers" in 1981 as Private Sturgis, whose wounds are minor, but who is found to be terminally ill with cancer. That same year, he appeared in the TV movie Return of the Rebels with Barbara Eden, and then in 1983, had a brief stint on the short-lived TV series The Renegades, playing a gang leader named Bandit.

Swayze became better known to the film industry after appearing in The Outsiders in 1983 as the older brother of C. Thomas Howell and Rob Lowe. In the same year, Swayze played a Marine Corps trainer in Vietnam rescue film Uncommon Valor with Gene Hackman. The following year, Swayze, Howell, and Howell's friend and fellow The Outsiders actor, Darren Dalton, reunited in Red Dawn, along with Jennifer Grey. In 1986, Lowe and Swayze reunited in Youngblood. Swayze's first major dramatic success was in the 1985 television miniseries North and South, set during the American Civil War.

Swayze starred in 1987's Dirty Dancing, a low-budget movie, planned for only a one-week release, after which it was to go to video. Swayze played resort dance instructor Johnny Castle, alongside his frequent co-star, Jennifer Grey. The story enabled Swayze to dance and romance Grey and showcase his professional dance training. In addition to acting and dancing, Swayze co-composed and sang one of the songs on the soundtrack for Dirty Dancing, "She's Like the Wind." The song became a top 10 hit that has since been covered by other artists. Swayze had originally co-written the song with Stacy Widelitz for the film Grandview, U.S.A. in 1984. Dirty Dancings coming-of-age story first became a surprise hit, and then achieved enormous international success. It was the first film to sell one million copies on video and, as of 2009, it had earned over $214 million worldwide. The film also generated several alternative, or derivative, versions, ranging from a television series to stage productions to a computer game. Swayze received a Golden Globe Award nomination for the role. After Dirty Dancing, Swayze found himself in great demand and appeared in several films, including Road House in 1989 with Sam Elliott, Ben Gazzara, and Kelly Lynch.

1990s
Swayze next starred as Sam Wheat in the 1990 romance-thriller film Ghost opposite Demi Moore, Whoopi Goldberg, and Tony Goldwyn. Ghost was the highest-grossing film of the year and earned positive reviews from critics. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and Swayze earned another Golden Globe nomination for his acting. It was also Swayze who convinced the producers to hire Goldberg, who thanked Swayze in her acceptance speech when she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. The scene where he and Moore use a pottery wheel has become an iconic moment. In the following year, he starred alongside Youngblood castmate Keanu Reeves in another major action hit, Point Break, and in 1991 People magazine named him the "Sexiest Man Alive."

For his contributions to the film industry, Swayze was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1997. Swayze was injured in May 1997 while filming HBO's Letters from a Killer near Ione, California, when he fell from a horse and hit a tree. Both of his legs were broken, and he suffered four detached tendons in his shoulder. Filming was suspended for two months. The film aired in 1998, and Swayze slowly recovered from his injuries, but he had trouble resuming his career until 2000, when he co-starred in Forever Lulu, with Melanie Griffith.

In 1995, Swayze appeared in the movie To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar, starring alongside Wesley Snipes and John Leguizamo as three drag queens whose car breaks down on a cross-country trip, leaving them stranded in a small town.

2000s

In 2001, he appeared in Donnie Darko, where he played a motivational speaker who is revealed to be a closeted pedophile. The film later obtained a cult following. After this, he co-starred with Billy Bob Thornton and Charlize Theron in Waking Up in Reno, which focuses on two redneck couples taking a road trip from Little Rock to Reno to see a monster truck rally. In 2004, he played Allan Quatermain in King Solomon's Mines and had a cameo appearance in the Dirty Dancing prequel Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights as an unnamed dance instructor.

In 2003, Swayze co-produced and also starred in the fictional dance film One Last Dance, along with his real-life wife Lisa Niemi. The story revolves around an actual dance production, Without a Word, which was choreographed by Alonzo King. Swayze and Niemi also produced the film, starred in it, and composed some of the music.

Swayze made his debut in London's West End in the musical Guys and Dolls as Nathan Detroit on July 27, 2006, alongside Neil Jerzak and Jordan McGhee, and remained in the role until November 25, 2006. His previous appearances on the Broadway stage included productions of Goodtime Charley in 1975 and Chicago (as Billy Flynn). Swayze also provided the voice for Cash the country music band dog in The Fox and the Hound 2 (2006), and in 2007 he starred in the film Christmas in Wonderland. Swayze played an aging rock star in Powder Blue (2008), co-starring his younger brother Don in their first film together.

In his final role, Swayze starred as FBI agent Charles Barker in the A&E drama The Beast, which was filmed in Chicago. Swayze was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer shortly after filming the pilot episode, but continued working on the show while receiving treatment. The Beast premiered on January 15, 2009, and ran for one season. Reviewer Alan Sepinwall wrote: "[When] you watch Swayze in The Beast, [you] realize that this is the best performance of his career—that the opportunity to play a part like this, and to play it as well as he is, may be fueling his ability to keep fighting against the cancer. And you realize, in an odd silver lining, that the cancer may, in turn, be fueling the performance."

Personal life

Relationships and mental health

Swayze was married to Lisa Niemi for 34 years from June 12, 1975, until his death. They had no children, but Lisa had suffered one miscarriage. They met in 1970 when Swayze was 18 years old. Niemi, 14 at the time, was taking dance lessons from Swayze's mother. In a 2008 interview, Swayze stated that Niemi was the inspiration for his song "She's Like the Wind" (1987).

In 1989, Swayze said, "I've always felt there was something different in there (my personality), but I was scared to look. For I fear I wouldn't find anything. That's the reason I got into Soka Gakkai Buddhism, and earlier in life took EST training, was into therapy, into transcendental meditation. I was trying to support that side of myself. But, you know, in Texas, there isn't much support for that part of you. I finally found what I was looking for in the Soka Gakkai tradition of Buddhist practice." Swayze said he loved looking into various belief systems and faiths, how it matters to other people, and how respecting other religious teachings is important to him.

Swayze publicly recounted his 10-year battle with alcoholism after his father's death. He entered rehabilitation in the 1990s, and after recovery, Swayze temporarily withdrew from show business, staying on his ranches in California and Las Vegas, New Mexico, to breed Arabian horses. His best-known horse was Tammen, a chestnut Arabian stallion.

Swayze, who was an FAA-licensed pilot with an instrument rating, made the news on June 1, 2000, while flying with his dogs in his twin-engined Cessna 414 N414PS, from Van Nuys, California, to Las Vegas, New Mexico. His plane developed a pressurization problem, causing Swayze to make a precautionary landing on a dirt road in a housing complex in Prescott Valley, Arizona. The plane's right wing struck a light pole, but Swayze was unharmed. According to the police report, witnesses said that Swayze appeared to be extremely intoxicated and asked for help to remove evidence from the crash site, namely an open bottle of wine and a 30-pack of beer. He made himself unavailable to police for several hours. It was later determined that the alcohol in question was not in the cabin, but stored in external storage compartments inaccessible in flight, and the probable cause of the accident was Swayze's physical impairment due to the cumulative effects of carbon monoxide from engine exhaust byproducts, carbon monoxide from heavy tobacco use, and the loss of an undetermined amount of cabin pressurization, resulting in hypoxia.

On December 27, 2006, Swayze and Niemi, who was also a licensed pilot, experienced a second incident while flying a Cessna 414 together en route to their New Mexico ranch. During the climb from their origin airport, they experienced a loss of power followed by a total failure of their right engine. Niemi, who was in the pilot's seat for the flight, successfully landed the plane in Van Nuys. After this second incident, the couple decided to sell it in favor of a Beechcraft Super King Air, N400KW, which they purchased through their company Prop Jocks Inc. in June 2007.

Illness and death
In late December 2007, just after filming the pilot episode for The Beast, Swayze began to suffer a burning feeling in his stomach caused by a blockage of his bile ducts. Three weeks later, in mid-January 2008, he was diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic cancer. He traveled to the Stanford University Medical Center for chemotherapy and treatment with the experimental drug vatalanib, which doctors hoped would cut off the blood supply to the tumor.

On March 5, 2008, a Reuters article reported that Swayze "has a very limited amount of disease, and he appears to be responding well to treatment thus far." Swayze's doctor confirmed that the actor was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer but insisted he was not as close to death as reports suggested. Despite repeated tabloid claims that his death was imminent, Swayze continued to actively pursue his career.

In early May 2008, a number of tabloids reported that Swayze underwent surgery to remove part of his stomach after the cancer spread. Reports also stated that he rewrote his will, transferring his property to his wife. In a statement made on May 28, Swayze said he continued to respond well to treatment at Stanford University Medical Center. In late May 2008, he was seen at a Los Angeles Lakers basketball game, his first public appearance since his diagnosis. In June 2008, he reportedly said, "My treatments are working and I am winning the battle."

Swayze appeared on the ABC, NBC, and CBS simulcast of Stand Up to Cancer in September 2008 to appeal to the general public for donations for the initiative. Swayze said to a standing ovation, "I dream that the word 'cure' will no longer be followed by the words 'it's impossible.' Together, we can make a world where cancer no longer means living with fear, without hope, or worse." After the show ended, Swayze remained onstage and talked to other cancer patients; executive producer Laura Ziskin (herself battling advanced breast cancer, which claimed her own life) said, "He said a beautiful thing: 'I'm just an individual living with cancer.' That's how he wants to be thought of. He's in a fight, but he's a fighter." On December 2, 2008, Swayze denied claims made by tabloids that the cancer had spread to his liver.

In an interview with Barbara Walters, which aired in January 2009, Swayze admitted that he had "a tiny little mass" in his liver, but told Walters that he wanted the media to report that he was "kicking it." When Walters asked him if he was using any holistic or alternative methods of treatment besides chemotherapy, Swayze said he was using some Chinese herbs. He then voiced his opposition to the unsupported claims made by proponents of alternative therapies.

On January 9, 2009, Swayze was hospitalized with pneumonia, which was said to be a complication of chemotherapy for his cancer. On January 16, he was released from the hospital to rest at home with his wife. On April 19, 2009, doctors informed Swayze that the cancer had again metastasized to his liver. Swayze was a smoker for 40 years, and he once made reference to smoking 60 cigarettes a day. He stated that his chain smoking probably "had something to do with" the development of his disease, and continued to smoke cigarettes while undergoing treatment for cancer.

Swayze died with family at his side on September 14, 2009, at the age of 57. Swayze's death occurred 20 months after his cancer diagnosis. Swayze's publicist confirmed to CNN that he had died of pancreatic cancer. His body was cremated and his ashes were scattered over his New Mexico ranch.

Filmography

Film

Television

Discography

Soundtrack appearances

Awards and nominations
Swayze received multiple awards and nominations throughout his career for his work both film and television. During his film career he received three Golden Globe award nominations for Best Lead Actor in a Motion Picture – Comedy or Musical for his roles in Dirty Dancing, Ghost and To Wong Foo Thanks for Everything!, Julie Newmar. In 1996, he was immortalized when Swayze received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to Motion Picture, located at 7018 Hollywood, Blvd.

See also
Sexiest Man Alive

References

External links

 Remembering Patrick Swayze – slideshow by LIFE magazine

1952 births
2009 deaths
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American singers
21st-century American male actors
American aikidoka
American male dancers
American male film actors
American male musical theatre actors
American male singers
American male taekwondo practitioners
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American people of English descent
American wushu practitioners
Burials in New Mexico
Dancers from Texas
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Male actors from Houston
Male actors from New Mexico
Musicians from Houston
People from Las Vegas, New Mexico
San Jacinto College alumni
Singers from New Mexico
Singers from Texas

Patrick Swayze


Knud Christoffersen Ulfeldt (født 1609, død 28. juli 1657) var en dansk generalkrigskommisær. Han var bror til Ebbe Jakobsen Ulfeldt.

I årene 1620-27 gik han på Sorø Skole, hvorefter han i 1627 tog ophold i London for derefter i 1628 at blive indskrevet ved universitetet i Orleans. I 1630 fik han titel af hofjunker og blev kommisioneret ved tropperne i Holsten i 1635-38. I 1639 gjorde han tjeneste som løjtnant tropperne i Skåne. Senere blev han udnævnt til general-krigszahlkommissær ved lejetropperne i Holsten og modtog som betaling herfor Tønsberg len. Han fik efterfølgende stilling som ansvarlig for rigets militære administration sammen med rigsmarsk Anders Bille.

Han lå i strid med landskommissærerne om retten til skatteopkrævninger, og trods støtte fra kongen måtte han fratræde som marskens næstkommanderende. Han fratrådte i 1646 de norske forleninger og overtog i stedet Landskrona len. Han etablerede en stærk fæstning i byen. Han ledte succesrigt forsvaret af Skåne ved krigsudbruddet i 1657, men faldt ved en træfning i Sibbarp i Osby socken (Østre Gønge herred) den 28. juli 1657, der ellers endte med dansk sejr. Der blev i 1911 rejst en mindesten over ham der.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Opslag i Den Store Danske

Militærfolk fra Danmark

Knud Christoffersen Ulfeldt


Annie Corley (* 1960 in Lafayette, Indiana) ist eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin, die seit 1990 in einer Vielzahl von Filmen und Fernsehserien mitgewirkt hat.

Leben
Die Absolventin der DePauw University in Indiana hatte ihre erste Filmrolle in Malcolm X. Eine ihrer bekanntesten Rollen bisher spielte sie als Tochter von Francesca Johnson (Meryl Streep) in dem Filmdrama Die Brücken am Fluß (1995) von Clint Eastwood. Anschließend spielte sie in weiteren für die Oscars nominierten Filmproduktionen wie Gottes Werk & Teufels Beitrag, Seabiscuit – Mit dem Willen zum Erfolg, 21 Gramm und Monster mit. Sie hatte eine Nebenrolle in The Lucky Ones, im Jahr 2009 folgten weitere Auftritte in Crazy Heart und Gesetz der Rache.

Im Fernsehen übernahm Corley Gastauftritte in The Closer, New York Cops – NYPD Blue, als Mutter von Zachary Quinto in Ein Hauch von Himmel, als christlich-konservative Kommentatorin Mary Marsh in The West Wing – Im Zentrum der Macht, Without a Trace – Spurlos verschwunden, Mord ist ihr Hobby, CSI: Den Tätern auf der Spur und Practice – Die Anwälte. Von 2011 bis 2014 spielte sie in der Serie  The Killing in 18 Folgen die Rolle der Regi Darnell.

Filmografie
 1990: Monsters (Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 1990, 2005: Law & Order (Fernsehserie, zwei Folgen)
 1992: Spiel der Patrioten (The President's Child, Fernsehfilm)
 1992: Malcolm X
 1993: L.A. Law – Staranwälte, Tricks, Prozesse (L.A. Law, Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 1993: Stephen Kings Tommyknockers (Miniserie)
 1993: Harrys Nest (Empty Nest, Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 1994: Unschuldig hinter Gittern (Pointman, Fernsehfilm)
 1994: Children of the Dark – Kinder der Dunkelheit (Children of the Dark, Fernsehfilm)
 1994: Und die Zeit heilt alle Wunden (A Time to Heal, Fernsehfilm)
 1994: Von Eifersucht besessen (Beyond Betrayal, Fernsehfilm)
 1995: Mord ist ihr Hobby (Murder, She Wrote, Fernsehserie, Folge 11x15: Doppelter Mord)
 1995: Pointman (Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 1995: Die Brücken am Fluß (The Bridges of Madison County)
 1996: Box of Moonlight
 1997: Free Willy 3 – Die Rettung (Free Willy 3: The Rescue)
 1997: New York Cops – NYPD Blue (NYPD Blue, Fernsehserie, zwei Folgen)
 1998: In guten wie in schlechten Tagen (To Have & to Hold, Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 1997, 1999: Practice – Die Anwälte (The Practice, Fernsehserie, zwei Folgen)
 1999: Last Chance
 1999: Die Wilden 60er (The '60s, Fernsehfilm)
 1999: Gottes Werk & Teufels Beitrag (The Cider House Rules)
 1999–2000: The West Wing – Im Zentrum der Macht (The West Wing, Fernsehserie, zwei Folgen)
 2000: Ein Apartment zum Verlieben (If You Only Knew)
 2000: Here on Earth
 2000: Forever Lulu
 2001: Strong Medicine: Zwei Ärztinnen wie Feuer und Eis (Strong Medicine, Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 2001: The Agency – Im Fadenkreuz der C.I.A. (The Agency, Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 2001: Ein Hauch von Himmel (Touched By An Angel, Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 2002: Juwanna Mann
 2002: The Pennsylvania Miners' Story (Fernsehfilm)
 2003: Seabiscuit – Mit dem Willen zum Erfolg (Seabiscuit)
 2003: 21 Gramm
 2003: Monster
 2004: Without a Trace – Spurlos verschwunden (Without a Trace, Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 2004: Navy CIS (NCIS, Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 2005: CSI: Den Tätern auf der Spur (CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 2006: Crossing Jordan – Pathologin mit Profil (Crossing Jordan, Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 2006: Rebell in Turnschuhen (Stick It)
 2008: The Lucky Ones
 2009: Der göttliche Mister Faber (Arlen Faber)
 2009: The Closer (Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 2009: Gesetz der Rache (Law Abiding Citizen)
 2009: Crazy Heart
 2010: CSI: Miami (Fernsehserie, eine Folge)
 2010: Faster
 2011–2014: The Killing (Fernsehserie, 18 Folgen)
 2012: Blue-Eyed Butcher (Fernsehfilm)
 2017: Law & Order: New York (Fernsehserie, eine Folge)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1960
Frau

Annie Corley


Stevnsgade kan referere til flere artikler:

 Stevnsgade Basketball – en professionel dansk basketballklub.
 Foreningen Stevnsgade Basket – en dansk forening og basketballklub på Nørrebro, København. Er moderklub til Stevnsgade Basketball.
 Stevnsgade Superwomen – et professionelt damehold i basketball.
 Stevnsgade (Brønderslev) – en gade i Brønderslev.
 Stevnsgade (København) – en gade på Nørrebro, København.
 Stevnsgade Skole – en del af den nuværende Guldberg Skole; en folkeskole på Nørrebro, København.

Stevnsgade


Malkoçoğulları, adı Malkoç Bey olan ve I. Murad döneminden itibaren özellikle Balkan ülkelerine yapılan akınlarda görev yapmış bir akıncı beyinin soyundan gelen aile mensuplarına verilen addır. Malkoçoğulları 14. - 15. ve 16. yüzyıllarda etkin olmuş ve yaptıkları başarılı akınlarla tanınmışlardır. Malkoçoğlu akıncıları Silistre civarında bulunurdu. Ailenin kökeninin Bosna'nın Malković ailesine dayandığı iddia edilir.

Bilinen Malkoçoğlu Beyleri akrabalık bağına göre şu şekildedir.

Malkoç Bey

Sultan I. Murad ve Yıldırım Bayezid zamanının komutanlarındandır. 1389 yılında 1. Kosova savaşında sağ cenah okçu kumandanı olarak savaşmış bu savaşta oğlu Mustafa bey de sol cenah okçu kumandanı olarak görev yapmıştır. Tarih sayfalarında bu savaşta adı Hamidoğlu Malkoç olarak geçmiştir.1396 yılında Niğbolu Muharebesi'nde Osmanlı ordusunun sol kanadında komutan olarak görev yapmıştır. Malkoç Bey'in türbesi şu an Bulgaristan sınırları içerisinde bulunan Burya'dadır (eski adıyla Malkoçova). Malkoç Bey'in Malkoçoğlu Mustafa Bey ve Malkoçoğlu Mehmet Bey adlarında bilinen iki oğlu vardır.

Malkoçoğlu Mustafa Bey

Malkoç Bey'in oğludur. İlk olarak 1389 yılında 1.Kosova savaşında babası Malkoç beyin sağ cenahta savaştığı orduda, sol cenah okçu komutanı olarak görev yaparak adını duyurmuştur.Timur'un Anadolu'yu işgali sırasında Sivas kalesi komutanıdır. 1400 yılında Timur'un Sivas'ı kuşatmasında 3.000 kişiyle 200.000 kişilik Timur ordusuna karşı kaleyi 18 gün yiğitçe savunan Mustafa Bey açlık ve susuzluğa dayanamayıp Timur'un canlarının bağışlanacağı vaadi üzerine kaleyi teslim etmiştir. Fakat Timur sözünde durmayıp kale teslim edildikten sonra bütün askerlerle beraber Malkoçoğlu Mustafa Bey'i de öldürmüştür.

Malkoçoğlu Mehmet Bey

Malkoç Bey'in oğludur. Rumeli'nin fethinde babası Malkoç Bey ile beraber görev yaptığı düşünülmektedir. Türbesi Gebze'de olup 1385 yılında öldüğü bilinmektedir. Türbesi babası Malkoç Bey tarafından yapılmıştır. Genç yaşta babasından önce ölmüştür.

Malkoçoğlu Bali Bey
Fatih Sultan Mehmet Han'ın kurdurmuş olduğu, Enderun-ı Hümayün adlı Saray Üniversitesinde yetişen meşhur akıncı beyi. Sultan İkinci Bayezid Han devrinde Silistre Beylerbeyliği yaptı. Pek çok ve büyük hizmetlerde bulundu. Kendisi Silistre Beylerbeyi bulunduğu sıralarda isyan eden Eflak Voyvodasına karşı gönderilen Osmanlı ordusunda yararlıklar gösterdi. Yine aynı beylerbeyliği sırasında Macaristan'da ordu sevkederek Varadin Kalesi ile diğer pek çok yeri zaptetti. Daha sonra Prut Nehrini geçerek Akkerman Kalesini ele geçirmek isteyen Buğdan Voyvodasını ordusu ile hezimete uğrattı. 1498 yılında 40.000 kişilik ordusu ile Lehistan üzerine akınlar yaparak Varşova şehrine kadar uzanmış ve büyük bir zafer kazanmıştı. Bu akınları sırasında tam 10.000 esir ve pek çok harp ganimeti ile dönmüştü. Bu ganimet ve esirlerden bir kısmını seçerek, Kethüdası Mustafa Bey ile Sultan İkinci Bayezid Hana gönderdi.

Büyük oğlu Ali Bey, Sofya Sancakbeyliği yaptı. Küçük oğlu Tur Ali Bey ise, babasından sonra Silistre Sancakbeyliği hizmetinde bulundu. Sinan bey adında bir oğlu da Aydın sancakbeyliği yapmıştır. Hamza bey adındaki küçük oğlu da alaybeyi iken 1501 yılında genç yaşta çatışmada öldü. Bali Bey 1543 yılında öldü.

Malkoçoğlu Ali Bey

Malkoçoğlu Bali Bey'in oğludur. Sofya sancak beyi olan Ali Bey de kardeşi Tur Ali Bey gibi bu muharebede ölmüştür.

Malkoçoğlu Turali Bey

Malkoçoğlu Bali Bey'in oğludur. Silistre sancakbeyi olarak görev yapmış, 1514 yılında Çaldıran Savaşı'nda II. Mehmed'in vekaleten Trabzon'un Fethi için giydiği Silistre sancakbeyliğine ait olan zırhla Çaldıran Muharebesinde savaştı ve bizzat Şah İsmail tarafından öldürüldü.

Malkoçoğlu Damat Yahya Paşa

1501 yılında II. Beyazıt'ın kızı Hüma Hatunla evlendiğinde Bali Bey adında bir oğlu vardı. II. Beyazıt'ın kızı Hüma Hatun'dan da Malkoçoğlu Ahmet Bey ile Malkoçoğlu Mehmet Bey olmuştur. 1480'de Bosna Beyi, 1481'de Rumeli Beylerbeyi, 1504 yılında Kubbe Veziri oldu ve 1506 yılında öldü. Bilinen 3 oğlu Malkoçoğlu Bali Bey (Silistre beylerbeyi olan Bali Bey en büyükleridir), Malkoçoğlu Mehmet Bey, Malkoçoğlu Ahmet Bey'dir. Bu komutanlardan aynı zamanda Yahyapaşazadeler diye bahsedilir.

Yahyapaşazade Malkoçoğlu Bali Bey
Malkoçoğlu Yahya Paşa'nın oğludur. Koca Bali Paşa şeklinde de anılır. 1495'te doğmuş olup, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman'ın çağdaşıdır. II. Bayezit'in kızı Hüma sultanın oğludur. Semendire sancak beyi olmuş, 1521 yılında Belgrad'ın fethinde görev yapmıştır. Daha sonra Belgrad sancakbeyi ve Bosna Beylerbeyi oldu. 1526 yılında Mohaç Muharebesi'nde çok üstün başarılar gösterdi. Bir hafta gibi kısa bir sürede ordunun nehirden geçip Mohaç ovasına ulaşmasını sağlayacak şekilde bir köprü inşa ettirmiş, Mohaç Muharebesi'nde oldukça yararlı olmakla birlikte, Mohaç Muharebesi'nde Sağ Ordu komutanıydı. Budin'in (Budapeşte) ikinci beylerbeyi ve vezir oldu. 1548 yılında öldü. Budapeşte'nin en büyük meydanının adı, Osmanlıların Budapeşte'yi kaybettiği zamana kadar, Gazi Bali Paşa Meydanıdır. Mehmet Bey adında bir oğlu vardır.

Yahyapaşazade Malkoçoğlu Mehmet Bey

Malkoçoğlu Damat Yahya Paşa'nın torunu, Bali Beyin oğludur. Enderunda yetişti. Varat sancakbeyi oldu. 1548'de Anadolu valisi oldu. 1563 yılında Kanuni'nin Zigetvar seferinde Gyula kalesini fethetmekle görevli Pertev Paşa ile beraber 59 günde kaleyi teslim aldı. Aynı yıl Babofça kalesini fethetti. 1567 yılında Lala Mustafa Paşa ile beraber Yemen'de savaştı. 1570 yılında Kıbrıs'ın fethinde Mağusa kuşatmasında vurularak öldürüldü.

Gazi Kızan Mehmet Paşa

Malkoçoğlu Damat Yahya Paşa'nın oğludur. Gazi Sultanzade Mehmet Paşa şeklinde de geçer. Kanuni Sultan Süleyman'ın halasının oğludur. 1526'da Mohaç alaybeyi, 1527'de Semendire sancakbeyi ve aynı yıl Belgrad sancakbeyi oldu. 1529'da 1. Viyana Kuşatmasında Bavyera'nın merkezi Regensburg ve Morova'nın başkenti Brünn'ü fiilen zaptetti. Çekoslovakya bölgesini işgal etti. 1530'da Andrea Doria'nın işgal ettiği Mora'daki Koron kalesini geri aldı. Aynı yıl Budin'i kuşatan Alman mareşalini yendi. 1531 yılında Avusturya akınında 15.000 esirle geri geldi. Peç'i Almanlardan geri aldı. 1535'te tekrar Semendire sancakbeyi oldu ve 8 yıl görev yaptı. 1537 yılında Vertizo Savaşı'nda 45.000 kişilik Alman ordusunu imha etti. Bu zaferde kardeşi Yahyapaşazade Malkoçoğlu Ahmet Bey ile oğlu Şifalı Arslan Paşa da vardı. 1538'de Boğdan seferine katıldı. 1541'de Budin seferine katıldı. 1543'de ölen abisi Koca Bali Paşa'nın yerine üçüncü Budin Beylerbeyi oldu. 4.5 yıl görevde kaldı. 1566 yılında Budin'de öldü.

Yahyapaşazade Malkoçoğlu Ahmet Bey

Malkoçoğlu Damat Yahya Paşa'nın oğludur. İnebahtı sancakbeyi olarak bilinir. 1537 yılında Vertizo Savaşı'na katıldı. 1543'de Belgrad sancakbeyi oldu.

Şifalı Arslan Paşa

Yahyapaşazade Malkoçoğlu Mehmet Bey'in oğulları Arslan Bey ve Derviş Bey olarak bilinmektedir.

Arslan Bey, Şifalı Arslan Paşa şeklinde anılır. 1537 yılında Vertizo Savaşı'na katıldı. 1537'de Pojega sancakbeyi oldu. 1565'te Budin'in ondördüncü beylerbeyi oldu. Kendisi aynı zamanda şairdir. 1566 yılında Sokollu Mehmet Paşa tarafından idam edildi.
Ömer Seyfettin'in Kütük adlı hikâyesinde anlattığı Arslan Bey bu kişidir.

Derviş Bey

Malkoçoğlu Damat Yahya Paşa'nın torunu, Mehmet Bey'in oğludur.

Yavuz Ali Paşa
Malkoçoğlu soyundan son olarak bilinen kişidir. 1603 yılına kadar Mısır Beylerbeyliği görevini yaptı. Bu sırada 1603 yılında İstanbul'a çağrıldı ve sadrazamlığa getirildi. İlk iş olarak İran meselesini ele aldı. 1604 yılında Macaristan seferi sırasında Sofya'da rahatsızlandı. Belgrad'a ulaştığında da ölmüştür. Mezarı Yozgat'ın Yerköy ilçesindedir.

Malkoç (Yavuz) Ali Paşa'nın hayatı; Kelâmî ve Muhyî mahlaslı şairler tarafından mensur olarak yazılan ve Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Halet Efendi Bölümü no. 612'de kayıtlı "Vekâyi-i Alî Paşa" isimli minyatürlü gazâvât-nâme eserde anlatılmıştır. 17. yüzyıldan bugüne ulaşan bu eser iki kişi tarafından ortaklaşa yazılmıştır ve yazarların kaleme aldıkları bölümlerin ilk sayfalarında altın yaldız zemin üzerinde serlevhalar bulunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

Kütahya tarihi

Malkoçoğlu ailesi


În biochimie, beta-oxidarea (β-oxidarea sau ciclul Lynen) este un proces catabolic în urma căreia are loc degradarea moleculelor de acizi grași. Procesul are loc în citozol la procariote și la nivelul mitocondriei la eucariote, generând în final acetil-CoA (care poate să intre în ciclul Krebs) și NADH și FADH2 (coenzime implicate în lanțul transportor de electroni).

Reacția totală a procesului de beta-oxidare este:

Cn-acil-CoA  +  FAD +  +  + CoA → Cn-2-acil-CoA +  + NADH +  + acetil-CoA

Etape premergătoare

Activarea acizilor grași
Prima etapă care precede beta-oxidarea propriu-zisă a acizilor grași este cea de activare a acestora, care se face cu ajutorul ATP-ului și a coenzimei A. În urma activării se obțin acizii grași activați, sub formă de acil-coenzimă A (acil-CoA, R–CO–SCoA). Enzima care catalizează această reacție este acil-CoA-sintetaza:

R–COOH + ATP + CoA-SH →Acil-CoA-sintetază→ R–CO–SCoA + AMP + PPi + H2O

Transportul acizilor grași
Activarea acizilor grași are loc în citosol, pe fața externă a membranei mitocondriale, iar beta-oxidarea are loc la nivel mitocondrial, în matricea mitocondrială. Așadar, în vederea degradării lor, acizii grași trebuie transportați prin membrana mitocondrială în interiorul mitocondriei. Acizii grași cu catenă lungă (cu mai mult de 12 atomi de carbon) nu pot trece liberi prin membrană, deoarece sunt încărcați negativ, așadar transportul acestora este mediat de anumite proteine transportoare specifice, prin mai multe tipuri de procese.

În transportul acestor acizi grași cu catenă lungă intervine carnitina, un transportor specific care formează esteri de tip acil-carnitină. Este implicată o enzimă denumită carnitin-acil-transferază. Acizii grași activați cu catenă scurtă pot difuza simplu prin membrana mitocondrială, fără intervenția carnitinei.

β-oxidarea propriu-zisă
În tabelul următor sunt prezentate cele patru reacții în urma cărora se pune în libertate o moleculă de acetil-CoA, odată cu scurtarea catenei de acid gras cu doi atomi de carbon. Fiecare eliberare de acetil-CoA se realizează în fiecare ciclu de beta-oxidare.

Note

Vezi și
 Lipoliză
 Ciclul Krebs
 Alfa-oxidare

Legături externe

 (animație)

Căi metabolice

Beta-oxidare


Chaiya (, ) is a former capital district (Amphoe mueang) of Surat Thani province, Southern Thailand. The main town is Talat Chaiya.

Geography
Neighboring districts are (from the south clockwise): Tha Chang and Kapoe of Ranong province; Phato of Chumphon province, and Tha Chana in Surat Thani. To the east is the Gulf of Thailand, with Cape Sui marking the northern end of the Bandon Bay.

The eastern part of the district consists of mostly flat low coastal areas, while to the west are the mountains of the Phuket mountain range, including Kaeng Krung National Park.

History

Laem Pho Beach in the district is thought to have been a Srivijaya Kingdom seaport in the 7th to 13th centuries. Srivijaya was a Malay city-state that grew to become an influential maritime power in what is now Southeast Asia. Tang dynasty (7th–10th centuries) ceramics have been found in the area as well as pottery from India and glassware from Persia. Similar finds have been made in Ban Thung Tuek, Takua Pa district, Phang Nga province on the other side of the isthmus, 200 km distant, indicating that there may have been an overland route connecting the Gulf of Thailand with the Andaman Seacoast. This route would have enabled traders to avoid piracy in the narrow Strait of Malacca.

The name Chaiya might be derived from its original Malay name cahaya, meaning 'light', 'gleam', or 'glow'. Some scholars identify Chai-ya as coming from Sri-vi- ja-ya.

Wat Phra Borommathat is centered on a reconstructed stupa in Srivijaya-style. The nearby branch of the National Museum has several relics of that time on display. Two more former stupas nearby are now only brick mounds.

Inscription 23, as it was labeled by Prince Damrong in his Collected Inscriptions of Siam, is now attributed to Wat Hua Wiang in Chaiya. Dated to the year 697 of the Mahasakkarat era (i.e., 775 CE), the inscription on a Bai Sema shaped stone tells about the King of Srivijaya having erected three stupas at that site and possibly the one at Wat Phra Borom That.

Another important temple near Chaiya is Wat Suan Mohkha Phalaram (also known by the short name Suan Mok, or Wat Than Nam Lai 'Monastery of Flowing Water'), a forest temple. The temple was founded in 1932 by Phra Buddhadasa (19061993), a revered Buddhist teacher. In 1959 the temple was relocated to the present  site. These temples are believed to have been used to store rice in large quantities, due to the invading Japanese. These large Buddhist rice temples are rare in the region and only one has been officially labeled as a rice storage temple.

Although, the capital district (Amphoe mueang) of Surat Thani province is Bandon district, the local Surat Thani people generally refer to this district as the capital district and refer to Bandon district as little China of the province.

Transport
Chaiya is on the southern railway line, Chaiya Railway Station is the main railway station of the district. Asian highway AH2 (Thailand Route 41) also passes the city.

Administration
Chaiya district is divided into nine sub-districts (tambons). These are further divided into 54 villages (mubans). There are three sub-district municipalities (thesaban tambons): Talat Chaiya includes most of tambon Talat Chaiya and parts of Lamet; Phumriang the entire tambon Phumriang; Wiang the entire tambon of Wiang. The other six sub-districts each have a tambon administrative organization as their local government.

References

External links
Chaiya National Museum
Suan Mokkh - The garden of liberation
Chaiya City Website
Chaiya Witthaya School

Chaiya

Chaiya district


Ernst Wilhelm Karl Maria baron von Hoiningen, dit Huene (né le 23 septembre 1849 à Unkel et mort le 11 mars 1924 à Darmstadt) est un général d'infanterie prussien et attaché militaire.

Biographie
Ernst est issu d'une famille aristocratique von Hoiningen, qui vit principalement en Courlande, et est le fils du conseiller minier prussien Anselm August baron von Hoiningen-Huene et sa femme Marie, née Longard.

Hoiningen s'engage le 10 janvier 1868 dans le 8e bataillon de pionniers rhénan de l'armée prussienne à Coblence, où il est promu enseigne le 7 août. Depuis le 8 septembre 1870, il est affecté à l'inspection technique de Strasbourg. Le 8 septembre 1870, il est promu sous-lieutenant. Depuis le 29 septembre 1872, il est affecté à l'école d'artillerie et du génie de cette ville, et depuis le 15 septembre 1874 à l'inspection du génie à Metz. Affecté à la forteresse de Friedrichsort, à partir du 21 mars 1876, Hoiningen devient premier lieutenant le 13 juin 1876 et est muté le 24 novembre à la garnison de la forteresse de Coblence. Commandé à l'Académie de guerre depuis le 1er octobre 1877, il reçoit sa promotion au grade de capitaine le 18 avril 1882 et est nommé officier d'état-major général au Grand État-Major de Berlin. Depuis le 13 décembre 1883, il travaille à l'état-major général du  à Berlin. Le 5 février 1885, il part pour un an en tant qu'attaché militaire à l'ambassade de l'Empire allemand à Londres.

Après son retour à Berlin, il est nommé adjudant général de l'empereur Guillaume Ier le 15 octobre 1886. Le 23 octobre 1886, il devient attaché militaire à l'ambassade de l'Empire allemand à Paris, où il est chargé des relations militaires avec la France jusqu'en 1891. En tant que confident du chef d'état-major Alfred von Waldersee, Hoiningen soutient son combat contre le chancelier Otto von Bismarck de 1887 à 1890 en lui fournissant des rapports de Paris qui jettent un mauvais jour sur la politique étrangère de Bismarck. Waldersee présente ces rapports - ainsi que des rapports similaires de ses attachés à Saint-Pétersbourg, Vienne et Rome - au prince héritier ou à l'empereur afin de le retourner contre son chancelier et contribua ainsi finalement à la chute de Bismarck au printemps 1890.

Le 15 octobre 1888, Hoiningen est promu major et, depuis le 22 mars 1891, muté comme officier d'état-major général à la  d'infanterie à Fribourg-en-Brisgau. Le 17 octobre 1893, il devient lieutenant-colonel et commandant du  à Strasbourg. Depuis le 18 août 1894, il est alors chef d'état-major général du  d'armée à Metz. Le 22  mars 1897, Hoiningen est promu colonel et prend en charge le 19 octobre 1897 le  à Darmstadt. Le 24 février 1900, il est promu au rang de major général et nommé commandant de la  d'infanterie à Ulm. Promu Generalleutnant le 18 avril 1903, Hoiningen prend le commandement de la  d'infanterie à Strasbourg, en remplacement du Generalleutnant Walther von Moßner. Simultanément à la promotion au grade de général d'infanterie le 11 septembre 1907, il est nommé général commandant du  à Karlsruhe. Il est à la suite du .

Au déclenchement de la Première Guerre mondiale, Hoiningen dirige son 14e corps d'armée dans la formation de la  en Alsace. Il se tient avec ce corps pour protéger Mulhouse contre le groupe de corps français ou Armée d'Alsace sous les ordres du général Paul Pau. Le 31 août 1914, il est remplacé par le général Watter et fin octobre 1914, il est nommé gouverneur militaire de la ville fortifiée d'Anvers, conquise par le . Il reste dans cette fonction en tant qu'attaché militaire jusqu'à la fin de la guerre, le 11 novembre 1918.

Licencié en 1919, Hoiningen se retire à Darmstadt, où il meurt en 1924.

Décorations
 Grand-Croix de l'ordre de l'Aigle rouge avec feuilles de chêne
 Ordre de la Couronne de 1re classe
 Croix de fer (1870) de 2e classe
 Croix de décoration de service prussienne
 Grand-Croix de l'ordre de Berthold Ier avec chaîne en or
 Commandant de 2e classe de l'ordre du Lion de Zaeringen
 Grand-Croix de l'ordre bavarois du mérite militaire
 Grand-Croix de l'ordre d'Henri le Lion
 Grand-croix de l'ordre du mérite grand-ducal de Hesse avec couronne le 17 septembre 1909
 Commandeur de l'ordre du Griffon
 Grand-Croix de l'ordre d'Albert avec étoile d'or
 Commandeur de l'ordre de la Couronne de Wurtemberg
 Officier de la Légion d'Honneur
 Commandeur de l'ordre des Saints-Maurice-et-Lazare
 Grand-Croix de l'ordre de l'Épée
 Grand-Croix de l'ordre du Mérite militaire espagnol
 Ordre du Médjidié de 3e classe

Bibliographie
 Aus Berichten des Pariser Militärattaché Freiherr von Hoiningen, gen. Huene an den Grafen Waldersee (1888-1891). in: Berliner Monatshefte. 15, 1937.

Notes et références

Général prussien d'infanterie
Personnalité allemande de la guerre franco-allemande de 1870
Baron
Grand-croix de l'ordre de l'Aigle rouge
Grand-croix de l'ordre du Mérite militaire (Bavière)
Grand-croix de l'ordre de Philippe le Magnanime
Grand-croix de l'ordre d'Albert
Grand-croix de l'ordre d'Henri le Lion
Grand-croix de l'ordre de Berthold le Premier
Chevalier grand-croix de l'ordre de l'Épée
Commandeur de l'ordre de la Couronne de Wurtemberg
Commandeur de l'ordre des Saints-Maurice-et-Lazare
Commandeur de l'ordre du Griffon
Commandeur de 2e classe de l'ordre du Lion de Zaeringen
Officier de la Légion d'honneur (date non précisée)
Chevalier de 1re classe de l'ordre de la Couronne (Prusse)
Récipiendaire de l'ordre du Médjidié
Récipiendaire de 2e classe de la croix de fer
Naissance en septembre 1849
Naissance en Rhénanie-Palatinat
Naissance dans la province de Rhénanie
Décès en mars 1924
Décès à Darmstadt
Décès à 74 ans

Ernst von Hoiningen


Château Rouge () is a station on Line 4 of the Paris Métro in the 18th arrondissement.

The station opened on 21 April 1908 as part of the first section of the line from Châtelet to Porte de Clignancourt. It is named for the Place du Château Rouge, named for a handsome residence of red bricks built nearby in 1760 and demolished in 1875. The nearby Goutte d'Or district is a vibrant, multicultural area and the Rue Dejean street market operates every day except Monday.

Crime
Since the late 2000s the area is known for pickpocketing and trade of stolen goods, especially mobile phones picked from unaware tourists around Sacré-Cœur and Barbès.

On 20 July 2021, six people were injured after a woman stuck her shopping trolley in the escalator at the station.

Station layout

References

Paris Métro stations in the 18th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1908

Château Rouge station


An Amorphophallus spectabilis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Adolf Engler. An Amorphophallus spectabilis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Amorphophallus, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Amorphophallus

Amorphophallus spectabilis


La route régionale 146 () est une route régionale allant de la seututie 140 à Järvenpää jusqu'à Kirveskoski à Pornainen en Finlande.

Présentation
La seututie 146 est une route régionale d'Uusimaa.

Références

Annexes

Liens externes

Articles connexes
 Seututie

146

Transport à Pornainen
Transport à Järvenpää

Seututie 146


Ioan Duma este numele purtat de mai multe persoane:
Ioan Duma (1896-1981), cleric romano-catolic român
Ioan Duma (1873-1939), delegat din Deva la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Ioan Duma (1862-1919), delegat din Săcal la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Ioan Duma (dezambiguizare)


The Sacrifice () is a 1986 drama film written and directed by Andrei Tarkovsky. Starring Erland Josephson, the film was produced by the Swedish Film Institute. Many of the crew were alumni of Ingmar Bergman's films.

The Sacrifice centers on a middle-aged intellectual who attempts to bargain with God to stop an impending nuclear holocaust. The film combines pagan and Christian religious themes; Tarkovsky called it a "parable".

The Sacrifice was Tarkovsky's third film as a Soviet expatriate, after Nostalghia and the documentary Voyage in Time, and he died shortly after its completion. He was diagnosed with cancer after making the film, and by 1986 was unable to attend its presentation at the Cannes Film Festival due to his illness. Like 1972's Solaris, it won the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival.

Plot
Alexander is an actor who gave up the stage to work as a journalist, critic and lecturer on aesthetics. He lives in a beautiful house with his actress wife Adelaide, stepdaughter Marta, and young son, "Little Man", who is temporarily mute due to a throat operation. Alexander and Little Man plant a tree by the seaside, when Alexander's friend Otto, a part-time postman, delivers a birthday card to him. When Otto asks, Alexander says his relationship with God is "nonexistent". After Otto leaves, Adelaide and Victor, a medical doctor and a close family friend who performed Little Man's operation, arrive and offer to take Alexander and Little Man home in Victor's car, but Alexander prefers to stay behind and talk to his son. In his monologue, he first recounts how he and Adelaide found their house near the sea by accident, and how they fell in love with it and its surroundings, but then enters a bitter tirade against the state of modern man. As Tarkovsky wrote, Alexander is weary of "the pressures of change, the discord in his family, and his instinctive sense of the threat posed by the relentless march of technology"; in fact, he has "grown to hate the emptiness of human speech".

The family, Victor, and Otto gather at Alexander's house for the celebration. Their maid Maria leaves, while nurse-maid Julia stays to help with the dinner. People comment on Maria's odd behavior. The guests chat inside the house, where Otto reveals that he is a student of paranormal phenomena, a collector of "inexplicable but true incidents." Just when dinner is almost ready, the rumbling noise of low-flying jet fighters interrupts them, and soon after, as Alexander enters, a news program announces the beginning of what appears to be World War III, and possibly nuclear holocaust. His wife has a complete nervous breakdown. In despair, Alexander vows to God to renounce all he loves, even Little Man, if this may be undone. Otto advises him to slip away and lie with Maria, who Otto tells him is a witch "in the best possible sense".

Alexander takes a pistol from Victor's medical bag, leaves a note in his room, escapes the house, and rides Otto's bike to Maria's house. He tells her the story of when he fixed up and brought order to his mother's garden, only to find that it lost all its beauty when he did so. She is bewildered when he makes his advances, but when he puts the gun to his temple ("Don't kill us, Maria"), at which point the jet fighters' rumblings return, she soothes him and they make love while floating above her bed, though Alexander's reaction is ambiguous.

When he wakes the next morning, in his own bed, everything seems normal. Nevertheless, Alexander sets forth to give up all he loves and possesses. He tricks the family members and friends into going for a walk, and sets fire to their house while they are away. As the group rushes back, alarmed by the fire, Alexander confesses that he set it, and runs around wildly. Maria, who until then was not seen that morning, appears; Alexander tries to approach her, but is restrained by others. Without explanation, an ambulance appears, and two paramedics chase Alexander, who appears to have lost control of himself, and drive off with him. Maria begins to bicycle away, but stops to observe Little Man watering the tree he and Alexander planted the day before. As Maria leaves, the "mute" Little Man, lying at the foot of the tree, speaks his only line, which quotes the opening of the Gospel of John: "In the beginning was the Word. Why is that, Papa?"

Cast
 Erland Josephson as Alexander
 Susan Fleetwood as Adelaide
 Allan Edwall as Otto
 Guðrún Gísladóttir as Maria
 Sven Wollter as Victor
 Valérie Mairesse as Julia
 Filippa Franzén as Marta
 Tommy Kjellqvist as Gossen (Little Man)
 Per Källman, Tommy Nordahl as ambulance drivers

Production

Pre-production
The Sacrifice originated as a screenplay called The Witch, which preserved the element of a middle-aged protagonist spending the night with a reputed witch. But in this story, his cancer was miraculously cured, and he ran away with the woman. In March 1982, Tarkovsky wrote in his journal that he considered this ending "weak", as the happy ending was unchallenged. He wanted personal favorite and frequent collaborator Anatoly Solonitsyn to star in this picture, as was also his intention for Nostalghia, but when Solonitsyn died from cancer in 1982, the director rewrote the screenplay into what became The Sacrifice and also filmed Nostalghia with Oleg Yankovsky as the lead.

Tarkovsky considered The Sacrifice different from his earlier films because, while his recent films had been "impressionistic in structure", in this case he not only "aimed...to develop [its] episodes in the light of my own experience and of the rules of dramatic structure", but also to "[build] the picture into a poetic whole in which all the episodes were harmoniously linked", and because of this, it "took on the form of a poetic parable".

At the 1984 Cannes Film Festival, Tarkovsky was invited to film in Sweden, as he was a longtime friend of Anna-Lena Wibom of the Swedish Film Institute. He decided to film The Sacrifice with Erland Josephson, who was best known for his work with Ingmar Bergman, and whom Tarkovsky had directed in Nostalghia. Cinematographer Sven Nykvist, a friend of Josephson and frequent collaborator with Bergman, was asked to join the production. Despite a contemporaneous offer to shoot Sydney Pollack's Out of Africa, Nykvist later said it was "not a difficult choice", and like Josephson, he became a co-producer when he invested his fees back into the film. Production designer Anna Asp, who worked on Bergman's Autumn Sonata and After the Rehearsal and had won an Academy Award for Fanny and Alexander, also joined the project, as well as Daniel Bergman, one of Ingmar's children, who worked as a camera assistant. Many critics commented on The Sacrifice in the context of Bergman's work.

Filming
While often erroneously claimed to have been shot on Fårö, The Sacrifice was actually filmed at Närsholmen on the nearby island of Gotland; the Swedish military denied Tarkovsky access to Fårö.

Alexander's house, built for the production, was to be burned for the climactic scene, in which Alexander burns it and his possessions. The shot was very difficult to achieve, and the first failed attempt was, according to Tarkovsky, the only problem during shooting. Despite Nykvist's protest, only one camera was used, and while shooting the burning house, the camera jammed and the footage was thus ruined.

The scene had to be reshot, requiring a very costly reconstruction of the house in two weeks. This time, two cameras were set up on tracks, running parallel to each other. The footage in the final version of the film is the second take, which lasts six minutes (and ends abruptly because the camera had run through an entire reel). The cast and crew broke down in tears after the take was completed.

Music
The film opens and closes with the aria "Erbarme dich, mein Gott" ("Have mercy, my God") from Johann Sebastian Bach's St Matthew Passion. The soundtrack also features shakuhachi recordings by Watazumi Doso.

Post-production
Tarkovsky and Nykvist performed significant amounts of color reduction on select scenes. According to Nykvist, almost 60% of the color was removed from them.

Reception

Critical response
Since its release, reviewers have responded positively to the film; the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 86%, based on 43 reviews with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Formally impressive, visually accomplished, and narratively rewarding, The Sacrifice places a fittingly solid capstone on a brilliant filmmaking career".

In 1995, the Vatican compiled a list of 45 "great films", separated into the categories of Religion, Values, and Art, to recognize the centennial of cinema. The Sacrifice was included in the first category, as was Tarkovsky's Andrei Rublev.

Critics have commented on The Sacrifice'''s religious ambiguities. Dennis Lim wrote that it is "not exactly a simple allegory of Christian atonement and self-sacrifice". Catholic film critic Steven Greydanus contrasts the film's "dialectic of Christian and pagan ideas" with Andrei Rublev, writing that, while Rublev "[rejects] the advances of an alluring pagan witch as incompatible with Christian love", The Sacrifice "juxtaposes" both sensibilities. Andrew Petiprin highlights the difficulty of faith in his review.

Awards and nominations
The film won Tarkovsky his second Grand Prix, after Solaris, his third FIPRESCI Prize at the 1986 Cannes Film Festival, and his third Palme D'Or nomination. The Sacrifice'' also won the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury. At the 22nd Guldbagge Awards, the film won the awards for Best Film and Best Actor (Erland Josephson). In 1988, it won the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Language Film. The film was selected as the Swedish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 59th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

See also
 List of submissions to the 59th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
 List of Swedish submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

Notes

References

External links

 DVDBeaver comparison of 5 different DVD editions of the film
 The Sacrifice at nostalghia.com

1986 films
1986 multilingual films
1980s Swedish-language films
1986 drama films
Swedish drama films
Films directed by Andrei Tarkovsky
Films set in 1985
Swedish multilingual films
French multilingual films
British multilingual films
Films set in Sweden
Best Film Guldbagge Award winners
Best Foreign Language Film BAFTA Award winners
Films about World War III
British drama films
Fiction about sacrifices
Films partially in color
Cannes Grand Prix winners
1980s British films
1980s Swedish films
Films shot in Sweden

The Sacrifice (1986 film)


7484 Dogo Onsen este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
7484 Dogo Onsen este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Kuma Kogen de Akimasa Nakamura. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,41 ua, o excentricitate de 0,04 și o înclinație de 7,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 7001-8000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1994
Centura de asteroizi

7484 Dogo Onsen


OpenAL (Open Audio Library) is a cross-platform audio application programming interface (API). It is designed for efficient rendering of multichannel three-dimensional positional audio. Its API style and conventions deliberately resemble those of OpenGL. OpenAL is an environmental 3D audio library, which can add realism to a game by simulating attenuation (degradation of sound over distance), the Doppler effect (change in frequency as a result of motion), and material densities.

OpenAL aimed to originally be an open standard and open-source replacement for proprietary (and generally incompatible with one another) 3D audio APIs such as DirectSound and Core Audio, though in practice has largely been implemented on various platforms as a wrapper around said proprietary APIs or as a proprietary and vendor-specific fork. While the reference implementation later became proprietary and unmaintained, there are open source implementations such as OpenAL Soft available.

History
OpenAL was originally developed in 2000 by Loki Software to help them in their business of porting Windows games to Linux. After the demise of Loki, the project was maintained for a time by the free software/open source community, and implemented on NVIDIA nForce sound cards and motherboards. It was hosted (and largely developed) by Creative Technology until circa 2012.

Since 1.1 (2009), the sample implementation by Creative has turned proprietary, with the last releases in free licenses still accessible through the project's Subversion source code repository. However, OpenAL Soft is a widely used open source alternative and remains actively maintained and extended.

While the OpenAL charter says that there will be an "Architecture Review Board" (ARB) modeled on the OpenGL ARB, no such organization has ever been formed and the OpenAL specification is generally handled and discussed via email on its public mailing list.

The original mailing list, openal-devel hosted by Creative, ran from March 2003 to circa August 2012. Ryan C. Gordon, a Loki veteran who went on to develop Simple DirectMedia Layer, started a new mailing list and website at OpenAL.org in January 2014. As of February 2023, the list remains in use.

API structure and functionality
The general functionality of OpenAL is encoded in source objects, audio buffers and a single listener. A source object contains a pointer to a buffer, the velocity, position and direction of the sound, and the intensity of the sound. The listener object contains the velocity, position and direction of the listener, and the general gain applied to all sound.  Buffers contain audio data in PCM format, either 8- or 16-bit, in either monaural or stereo format. The rendering engine performs all necessary calculations for distance attenuation, Doppler effect, etc.

The net result of all of this for the end user is that in a properly written OpenAL application, sounds behave quite naturally as the user moves through the three-dimensional space of the virtual world.  From a programmer's perspective, very little additional work is required to make this happen in an existing OpenGL-based 3D graphical application.

Unlike the OpenGL specification, the OpenAL specification includes two subsections of the API: the core consisting of the actual OpenAL function calls, and the ALC (Audio Library Context) API which is used to manage rendering contexts, resource usage and locking in a cross platform manner. There is also an 'ALUT' (Audio Library Utility Toolkit) library that provides higher level 'convenience' functions — exactly analogous to OpenGL's 'GLUT'.

In order to provide additional functionality in the future, OpenAL utilizes an extension mechanism. Individual vendors are thereby able to include their own extensions into distributions of OpenAL, commonly for the purpose of exposing additional functionality on their proprietary hardware. Extensions can be promoted to ARB (Architecture Review Board) status, indicating a standard extension which will be maintained for backwards compatibility. ARB extensions have the prospect of being added to the core API after a period of time.

For advanced digital signal processing and hardware-accelerated sound effects, the EFX (Effects Extension) or environmental audio extensions (EAX) can be used.

Limitations
The single listener model in OpenAL is tailored to a single human user and is not fit for artificial intelligence or robotic simulations or multiple human participants as in collaborative musical performances.
In these cases a multiple listener model is required. OpenAL also fails to take into account sound propagation delays (the speed of sound is used for the Doppler effect only). The distance to a sound source only translates into an amplitude effect (attenuation) and not a delay. Hence OpenAL cannot be used for time difference of arrival calculations unless that functionality is added in separately.

In order to take full speed advantage of OpenAL, a vendor/hardware specific implementation is needed and these are seldom released as open source. Many supported platforms in fact implement OpenAL as a wrapper which simply translates calls to the platform's native, and often proprietary, audio API. On Windows, if a vendor specific implementation is not detected it will fall back to the wrap_oal.dll wrapper library that translates OpenAL into DirectSound (Generic Software) or DirectSound3D (Generic Hardware); the removal of the latter from Windows Vista onward has effectively broken generic hardware acceleration on modern versions of Windows.

Supported platforms
The API is available on the following platforms and Operating systems: Android (supports OpenSL ES), AmigaOS 3.x and 4.x, Bada, BlackBerry 10, BlackBerry PlayBook, BSD, iOS (supports Core Audio), IRIX, Linux (supports ALSA, OSS, PortAudio and PulseAudio), Mac OS 8, Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X (Core Audio), Microsoft Windows (supports DirectSound, Windows Multimedia API and Windows Multimedia Device (MMDevice) API), MorphOS, OpenBSD, Solaris, QNX, and AROS.

Supported gaming devices are for instance: GameCube, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox, Xbox 360, Wii, and PlayStation Portable.

Applications

Games
The following video games are known to use OpenAL:

 0 A.D.
 Alpha Protocol
 America's Army: Operations
American Truck Simulator
Amnesia: The Dark Descent
Armed Assault
Baldur's Gate: Enhanced Edition
Battlefield 2
Battlefield 2142
BioShock
Bit.Trip
Colin McRae: DiRT
Doom 3
Euro Truck Simulator 2
FlightGear
ioquake3
Jedi Knight II: Jedi Outcast
Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy
Mari0
Mass Effect (video game)
Minecraft (through LWJGL)
OpenArena
Orbz
Penumbra: Overture
Postal 2
Prey
Psychonauts
Quake 4
Race Driver: Grid
Regnum Online
Running With Rifles
S.T.A.L.K.E.R.
System Shock 2
The Dark Mod
Tremulous
Unreal II: The Awakening
Unreal Tournament 2003
Unreal Tournament 2004
Unreal Tournament 3
War§ow
Wurm Online

Other applications
Blender – 3D modelling and rendering tool uses OpenAL for its built-in game engine
3DMark06 – Gamer's benchmarking tool
Dolphin (emulator) – GameCube and Wii emulator
Vanda Engine – uses OpenAL 1.1 to simulate 2D and 3D sounds
Croquet Project
 Bino - Video player software that has support for stereoscopic 3D video and multi-display video

Implementations
OpenAL SI
 The OpenAL Sample Implementation is the original implementation, from Loki, and is not currently maintained.
OpenAL Soft
 OpenAL Soft is an LGPL-licensed, cross-platform, software implementation. The library is meant as a free compatible update/replacement to the now-deprecated and proprietary OpenAL Sample Implementation. OpenAL Soft supports mono, stereo (including HRTF and UHJ), 4-channel, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, and B-Format output. Ambisonic assets are supported.
AeonWave-OpenAL
 AeonWave-OpenAL is an LGPL-licensed OpenAL emulation layer that takes advantage of the hardware acceleration provided by the non-free but low cost AeonWave 4D-audio library for Linux and Windows made by Adalin B.V. The author claims that AeonWave-OpenAL implementation renders 3D audio five (on an AMD Athlon 64 X2) to seven (on an Intel Atom N270) times faster than either OpenAL SI or OpenAL Soft under the same conditions. By using the AeonWave library this implementation supports HRTF as well as spatialised surround sound for up to eight speakers.
Rapture3D OpenAL Driver
 The Rapture3D OpenAL Driver is a non-free, commercial, Windows only, software implementation made by Blue Ripple Sound. The library is intended as a high performance drop-in replacement for other implementations. It features:
 32bit floating point audio path.
 High quality sample rate conversion (used for various purposes including Doppler shift).
 High quality effects and filters.
 Support for multi-channel sound sources (including assets encoded using Ambisonics).
 The only limit on the number of sources or effects is CPU power, can render hundreds of sound sources and multiple effects on relatively old hardware.
 Higher-order Ambisonics (HOA) bus running at up to fourth order.
Apple OpenAL
Apple ships an implementation of OpenAL in macOS and iOS. It is a very thin layer over the 3D Mixer (kAudioUnitSubType_3DMixer) feature in the operating system. This implementation was originally written by Ryan C. Gordon for Altivec Mac OS X systems.
MojoAL
Tiny (single-file), full OpenAL 1.1 implementation built on top of SDL2 by Ryan C. Gordon.

See also

OpenCL
OpenML
OpenMAX AL
FMOD
Java OpenAL
irrKlang
Lightweight Java Game Library
Web Audio – defines an API similar in some ways to OpenAL

References

External links
 OpenAL official website

Implementations:
 OpenAL Soft
 AeonWave-OpenAL
 Rapture3D advanced OpenAL 1.1 driver

Developer resources:
 DevMaster.net OpenAL Tutorials (Note: these tutorials are showing their age slightly by, for instance, using deprecated functions such as alutLoadWAVFile)
 OpenAL extension repository (maintained by Raulshc as of 2023; with table of supported extensions per implementation)
 OpenAL package in Conan, a C++ package manager

Application programming interfaces
Audio libraries
Computer libraries
Cross-platform software
Formerly free software
Linux APIs
Video game engines

OpenAL


Termenul de furanoză face referire la acele zaharide care conțin o structură chimică ce include un heterociclu format din patru atomi de carbon și un atom de oxigen. Denumirea provine de la asemănarea ciclului cu a compusului heterociclic denumit furan, însă ciclul furanozic nu conține legături duble.

Ciclul furanozic este un hemiacetal ciclic al unei aldopentoze sau un hemicetal al unei cetohexoze.

Referințe

Vezi și
Piranoză

Glucide
Tetrahidrofurani

Furanoză