Alexander Humphreys Woollcott (January 19, 1887 – January 23, 1943) was an American drama critic and commentator for The New Yorker magazine, a member of the Algonquin Round Table, an occasional actor and playwright, and a prominent radio personality.

Woollcott was the inspiration for two fictional characters. The first was Sheridan Whiteside, the caustic but charming main character in the play The Man Who Came to Dinner (1939) by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart, later made into a film in 1942. The second was the snobbish, vitriolic columnist Waldo Lydecker in the novel Laura, later made into a film in 1944. Woollcott was convinced he was the inspiration for his friend Rex Stout's brilliant, eccentric detective Nero Wolfe, an idea that Stout denied.

Early life and education

Alexander Humphreys Woollcott was the youngest of five children of William and Frances Bucklin Woollcott, born on January 19, 1887. The family lived in an 85-room house, a vast ramshackle building in Colts Neck Township, New Jersey known as "the North American Phalanx," which had once been a commune where many social experiments were carried out in the mid-19th century. When the Phalanx fell apart after a fire in 1854, it was taken over by and became the family seat of the Bucklin family, Woollcott's maternal grandparents.

In 1889 the itinerant and often absentee Walter Woollcott moved his family to Kansas City, Missouri. The Woollcotts lived in an upscale neighborhood where, at the age of four, Alexander portrayed the character of Puck from A Midsummer Night's Dream in a tableau vivant before an audience of more than 100 at the Woollcott home. The six years Woollcott lived in Kansas City were transformative, and set him on the literary and theatrical path that would guide the rest of his life. His second-grade teacher, Sophie Rosenberger, who would remain a lifelong friend, considered him precocious and set him on a reading program that began with Louisa May Alcott and progressed to Charles Dickens by the time he was 8 years old. It was also in Kansas City that he experienced his first theatrical performance, Sinbad the Sailor. He was accompanied by his neighbor, Kansas City Times columnist Roswell Field, brother of famed author Eugene Field. When young Aleck discovered that journalists could get free tickets to theatrical events he decided that he, too would become a newspaper man

In 1895 Walter Woollcott lost the longest job he'd ever held, and sent his wife Frances and their children back to the Phalanx, where Alexander went to school and spent most of the remainder of his boyhood. He occasionally lodged in homes in Germantown, Philadelphia and attended the Germantown Combined Grammar School, and then Central High School in Philadelphia. He had very few friends during this period and did not enjoy this chapter of his life, with the exception of summers and any time that he could get back to the Phalanx.

With the help of a family friend, he made his way through college, graduating from Hamilton College, New York, in 1909. Despite a rather poor reputation (his nickname was "Putrid"), he founded a drama group, edited the student literary magazine, and was accepted by a fraternity (Theta Delta Chi).

Writing Career
Woollcott joined the staff of The New York Times as a cub reporter in 1909. In 1914, he was named drama critic and held the post until 1922, with a break for service during World War I. In April 1917, the day after war was declared, Woollcott volunteered as a private in the medical corps. Posted overseas, Woollcott was a sergeant when the intelligence section of the American Expeditionary Forces selected him and a half-dozen other newspaper men to create the Stars and Stripes, an official newspaper to bolster troop morale.  As chief reporter for the Stars and Stripes, Woollcott was a member of the team that formed its editorial board.  These included Harold Ross, founder of The New Yorker magazine; Cyrus Baldridge, multifaceted illustrator, author and writer; and the future columnist and radio personality, Franklin P. Adams.  Going beyond simple propaganda, Woollcott and his colleagues reported the horrors of the Great War from the point of view of the common soldier. After the war he returned to The New York Times, then transferred to the New York Herald in 1922 and to The World in 1923. He remained there until 1928.

One of New York's most prolific drama critics, he was banned for a time from reviewing certain Broadway theater shows due to his florid and often vitriolic prose. He sued the Shubert theater organization for violation of the New York Civil Rights Act, but lost in the state's highest court in 1916 on the grounds that only discrimination on the basis of race, creed or color was unlawful. From 1929 to 1934, he wrote a column called "Shouts and Murmurs" for The New Yorker. His book, While Rome Burns, published by Grosset & Dunlap in 1934, was named twenty years later by critic Vincent Starrett as one of the 52 "Best Loved Books of the Twentieth Century". He was interested in crime writing, promoting the work of US and British mystery authors in his newspaper articles and on the radio as well as writing on true crime, and became involved in the case of Stanford University Press employee David Lamson, who was accused of murdering his wife (prosecutors eventually dropped the case).

Woollcott's review of the Marx Brothers' Broadway debut, I'll Say She Is, helped the group's career inflate from mere success to superstardom and started a lifelong friendship with Harpo Marx. Two of Harpo's adopted sons, Alexander Marx and William (Bill) Woollcott Marx, were named after Woollcott.

Radio
Billed as The Early Bookworm, Woollcott was first heard on CBS Radio in October 1929, reviewing books in various timeslots until 1933. His CBS show The Town Crier, which began July 21, 1933, opened with the ringing of a bell and the cry, "Hear ye, hear ye!" followed by Woollcott's literary observations punctuated with acidic anecdotes. Sponsored by Cream of Wheat (1934–1935) and Grainger Tobacco (1937–1938), it continued until January 6, 1938. He had no reservations about using this forum to promote his own books, and the continual mentions of his book While Rome Burns (1934) probably helped make it a bestseller.

Reputation
Woollcott was one of the most quoted men of his generation. Among Woollcott's classics is his description of the Los Angeles area as "Seven suburbs in search of a city"—a quip often attributed to his friend Dorothy Parker. Describing The New Yorker editor Harold Ross, he said: "He looks like a dishonest Abe Lincoln." He claimed the Brandy Alexander cocktail was named for him.

Woollcott was renowned for his savage tongue. He dismissed Oscar Levant, the notable wit and pianist, by observing, "There is absolutely nothing wrong with Oscar Levant that a miracle can't fix." He often greeted friends with "Hello, Repulsive." When a waiter asked him to repeat his order, he demanded "muffins filled with pus."

His judgments were frequently eccentric. Dorothy Parker once said: "I remember hearing Woollcott say reading Proust is like lying in someone else's dirty bath water. And then he'd go into ecstasy about something called, Valiant Is the Word for Carrie, and I knew I had enough of the Round Table."

Wolcott Gibbs, who often edited Woollcott's work at The New Yorker, was quoted in James Thurber's The Years with Ross on Woollcott's writing:

"Shouts and Murmurs" was about the strangest copy I ever edited. You could take every other sentence out without changing the sense a particle. Whole department, in fact, often had no more substance than a "Talk [of the Town]" anecdote. I guess he was one of the most dreadful writers who ever existed.

After being kicked out of the apartment he shared with The New Yorker founders Harold Ross and his wife Jane Grant, Woollcott moved first into the Hotel des Artistes on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, then to an apartment at the far end of East 52nd Street. The members of the Algonquin Round Table had a debate as to what to call his new home. Franklin P. Adams suggested that he name it after the faux Indian word Ocowoica, meaning "The-Little-Apartment-On-The-East-River-That-It-Is-Difficult-To-Find-A-Taxicab-Near". But Dorothy Parker came up with the definitive "Wit's End".

Woollcott yearned to be as creative as the people with whom he surrounded himself.  Among many other endeavors, he tried his hand at acting and co-wrote two Broadway shows with playwright George S. Kaufman, while appearing in two others.  He also starred as Sheridan Whiteside, for whom he was the inspiration, in the traveling production of The Man Who Came to Dinner in 1940. He also appeared in several cameos in films in the late 1930s and 1940s.  He was caricatured twice in Warner Brothers cartoons in 1937: as "Owl Kott" in The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos, and as the town crier in Have You Got Any Castles?, playing almost identical roles in each.

Politically, Woollcott called for normalization of U.S.–Soviet relations. He was a friend of reporter Walter Duranty, even though he described him as a "man from Mars". As a friend of Soviet foreign minister Maxim Litvinov, he traveled to the USSR in the 1930s and sent his friend Harpo Marx to Moscow on a comedy tour in 1934. Yet he was attacked viciously in the left-wing press after his visit to the Soviet Union for his less than laudatory depiction of the "worker's paradise".

Towards the end of Woollcott's life he semi-retired to Neshobe Island in Lake Bomoseen in Vermont, which he had purchased. Shortly before he died, Woollcott claimed, "I never had anything to say."

Thurber in The Years With Ross also reports Woollcott describing himself as "the best writer in America", but with nothing in particular to say; Wolcott Gibbs made a similar criticism of him. Woollcott was primarily a storyteller, a retailer of anecdotes and superior gossip, as many of his personal letters reveal. His letters also reveal a warm and generous heart and a self-effacing manner distinct from his waspish public persona, and his many lasting and close friendships with the theatrical and literary elite of his day.

Woollcott was friends with actress Katharine Cornell, whom he lauded as the "First Lady of the Theatre".  He often gave extremely favorable reviews both to her and the various productions of her husband, director Guthrie McClintic.

Personal life
Reportedly, in his early twenties he contracted the mumps, which left him mostly, if not completely, impotent. He never married or had children, although he had some notable female friends, including Dorothy Parker and Neysa McMein, to whom he reportedly proposed the day after she had just wed her new husband, Jack Baragwanath. Woollcott once told McMein that "I'm thinking of writing the story of our life together. The title is already settled." McMein: "What is it?" Woollcott: "Under Separate Cover."

Death and legacy
Woollcott appeared on his last radio broadcast on January 23, 1943, as a participant in a Writers' War Board panel discussion on the CBS Radio program The People's Platform marking the tenth anniversary of Adolf Hitler's rise to power, entitled "Is Germany Incurable?"

Other panelists included Hunter College president George Shuster, Brooklyn College president Harry Gideonse, and novelists Rex Stout and Marcia Davenport. The program's format began as a dinner party in the studio's private dining room, with the microphones in place. Table talk would lead into a live network radio broadcast, and each panelist would begin with a provocative response to the topic. "The German people are just as responsible for Hitler as the people of Chicago are for the Chicago Tribune", Woollcott stated emphatically.

In visible distress, Woollcott commented ten minutes into the broadcast that he was feeling ill, but continued his remarks. "It's a fallacy to think that Hitler was the cause of the world's present woes", he said. "Germany was the cause of Hitler."  He said nothing further, but reportedly took a notepad and wrote the words, "I am sick."  The radio audience remained unaware that Woollcott had suffered a heart attack and died at New York's Roosevelt Hospital, aged 56, of a cerebral hemorrhage.

He was buried in Clinton, New York, at his alma mater, Hamilton College, but not without some confusion. By mistake, his ashes were sent to Colgate University in Hamilton, New York. When the error was corrected and the ashes were forwarded to Hamilton College, they arrived with 67¢ postage due.

As You Were
At the time of his death, Woollcott had completed the editorial work on his last book, As You Were, an anthology of fiction, poetry and nonfiction for members of the armed forces. The idea of creating a much-needed "knapsack book" for service members reportedly came to Woollcott while he was staying at the White House in November 1942. An experienced anthologist, he drew on the knowledge of soldiers' reading preferences he gained while he was editor of Stars and Stripes during World War I, and also asked for nominations from friends including Stephen Vincent Benét, Carl Sandburg and Mark Van Doren.

Like his final radio broadcast, As You Were was a contribution to the war for which Woollcott waived all royalties and planned to donate profits to welfare organizations. The book was published by the Viking Press in March 1943.

Broadway
Wine of Choice (play, comedy) Starring: Alexander Woollcott as Binkie Niebuhr (February 21, 1938 – March 1938)
The Dark Tower (play, melodrama) Written by Alexander Woollcott & George S. Kaufman (November 25, 1933 – January 1934)
Brief Moment (play, comedy) Alexander Woollcott as Harold Sigrift (November 9, 1931 – February 1932)
The Channel Road (play, comedy) Written by Alexander Woollcott & George S. Kaufman (October 17, 1929 – December 1929)

Films
Mr. W's Little Game (1934) Woollcott's only short subject, set in a nightclub. The peevish "Mr. W." grudgingly plays a word game with a blonde (Marion Martin, in her first film) and a waiter (Leo G. Carroll).
Gift of Gab (1934) Alexander Woollcott appeared in a cameo in this Universal Pictures feature.
The Scoundrel (1935) This Oscar-winning film was made by Woollcott's friends Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur, and starred longtime Woollcott friend Noël Coward. Woollcott appeared in a supporting role.
Babes on Broadway (1941) Woollcott has a cameo in this Mickey Rooney–Judy Garland musical.
The Gold Rush (1942 re-release) In the opening credits can be found "Dedicated to Alexander Woollcott in appreciation of his praise of this picture."

Film portrayal
Woollcott was portrayed by the actor Earl Montgomery in the 1962 film Act One, by the actor Jock Livingston in the 1968 musical film Star!, by the actor Tom Clancy in the 1979 NBC TV miniseries  Backstairs at the White House , and by the actor Tom McGowan in the 1994 film Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle.

Books

Mrs Fiske: Her views on Actors, Acting and the Problems of Production (1917) – Minnie Maddern Fiske (1865–1932) was one of the foremost actresses of her day. Woollcott's first book is a study of her thoughts on the acting profession.
The Command is Forward (1919) – A collection of his reportage and essays from Stars and Stripes.
Shouts and Murmurs (1922) – Theatre articles. His column in The New Yorker was named after this book. The New Yorker revived the title as a catch-all for humorous pieces in the 1990s.
Mr. Dickens Goes to the Play (1922) – A few chapters by Woollcott on Charles Dickens's love of the theatre and a great many reprinted selections from Dickens's writings.
Enchanted Aisles (1924) – More theatre articles.
The Story of Irving Berlin (1925) – The rags-to-riches story of the great composer.
Going to Pieces (1928) – More stories of Woollcott's friends in and out of the theatre.
Two Gentlemen and a Lady (1928) – A short book about dogs.
While Rome Burns (1934) – It was Thornton Wilder who convinced Woollcott that his work was important enough to deserve reissue in book form. While Rome Burns was a surprise bestseller and further cemented Woollcott's reputation nationally. It is light reading but includes much that is amusing or quaint and one very fine piece, "Hands Across the Sea", about justice during the war. The book also contains "The Mystery of the Hansom Cab", Woollcott's account of the infamous Nan Patterson case. In 2008, the Library of America selected the piece for inclusion in its two-century retrospective of American True Crime.
The Woollcott Reader (1935) – An anthology of works by other writers that Woollcott felt deserved the public's attention. The pieces run several gamuts, from treacly biography to acid modernism.
Woollcott's Second Reader (1937) – More of the same.
Long, Long Ago (1943) – Issued just after his death, this follows in the steps of While Rome Burns but is not as good. The decline in his prose, as other interests drew on his time, is evident. Still, there are some amusing pieces, and it became another bestseller.
As You Were (1943) – An anthology of other people's works, compiled by Woollcott for issue to servicemen in the Second World War. It is dedicated to Frode Jensen, a young Danish man whom Woollcott befriended and who was the closest to a son as Woollcott ever had.
The Letters of Alexander Woollcott (1944) – A collection of his voluminous correspondence compiled by two of his dearest friends, Beatrice Kaufman and Joe Hennessey.
The Portable Woollcott (1946) – An anthology of the best of Woollcott's writings.

See also

 Have You Got Any Castles? – 1938 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon featuring a caricature of Woollcott as "The Town Crier".  Woollcott requested that the scenes featuring his caricature be cut for re-distribution after his death, but they were later restored to the film and the complete short is available on DVD.
 Woollcott may have been a member of the Fortean Society.
 The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos – 1937 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon features an owl caricature of Woollcott (appropriately named "Owlcott") opening and closing the "Woodland Community Swing".

References

Further reading
 Teichmann, Howard. (1976). Smart Aleck: The Wit, World and Life of Alexander Woolcott. New York: William Morrow and Company.

External links

 Algonquin Round Table Walking Tours
 The Great Radio Hoax of 1935
 Guide to Alexander Woollcott's correspondence, MS Am 1449, at Houghton Library, Harvard University
 Woollcott's profile of Harold Ross (N.Y. Tribune, 1919)

1887 births
1943 deaths
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists
American columnists
American radio personalities
American theater critics
Hamilton College (New York) alumni
People from Red Bank, New Jersey
The New Yorker people
Algonquin Round Table
Central High School (Philadelphia) alumni

Alexander Woollcott


An Tillandsia grazielae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Dimitri Sucre Benjamin ngan R.Braga. An Tillandsia grazielae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tillandsia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tillandsia

Tillandsia grazielae


Isabel Parra es el primer álbum de estudio como solista de la cantautora chilena Isabel Parra, hija de Violeta Parra, lanzado por el sello chileno Demon en 1966, un año después de su regreso desde Europa junto con su madre y su hermano Ángel.

Este álbum incorpora el uso del cuatro venezolano, instrumento que conoció en su estancia en París, inaugurando su sonido en los arreglos musicales del tema «Canto del agua», tradicional del folclore de Venezuela, y luego en «Un domingo en el cielo», de Violeta. El disco finaliza con el tema «Ave María», compuesta por su hermano Ángel Parra, interpretada por ambos y aparecida el año anterior en su álbum Oratorio para el pueblo.

Lista de canciones

Créditos
 Intérpretes
 Isabel Parra: voz
 Isabel y Ángel Parra y grupo: instrumentos

Referencias

Álbumes de Chile de 1966
Álbumes de Isabel Parra
Álbumes debut de 1966
Álbumes de Demon
Álbumes en español
Álbumes epónimos

Isabel Parra (álbum)


Aladdín fue una serie animada estadounidense que se transmitió de 1994 a 1995, basada en la película homónima de 1992. Esta serie se desarrolla inmediatamente después de la película El retorno de Jafar; la serie empieza con Aladdin, que ahora vive en el palacio, dedicado a la hermosa princesa Jasmine. "Al" y Jazmín se fueron juntos al peligro de los hechiceros, monstruos, ladrones, y mucho más. Su compañero mono Abu, la alfombra mágica y el Genio de la lámpara, vinieron a ayudarlos, quejándose del loro Iago, ya que antes era la mascota de Jafar, pero ahora es un antihéroe. La serie tiene un total de 86 episodios.

La serie fue producida por Alan Zaslove y Tad Stones, quienes ya eran reconocidos por su trabajo en Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers y Pato Darkwing. Muchas de las estrellas de las películas proporcionaron las voces de sus contrapartes televisivas, con las notables excepciones de Dan Castellaneta reemplazando a Robin Williams en el papel de Genio (como en The Return of Jafar), hasta que Williams luego regresa para repetir su papel en Aladdin and the King of Thieves y Val Bettin como el Sultán (que reemplazó a Douglas Seale después de la película original).

La serie se emitió originalmente como una vista previa en The Disney Channel a principios de 1994, y en septiembre de ese año comenzó a transmitirse simultáneamente en el bloque sindicado The Disney Afternoon y los sábados por la mañana en CBS (antes de que Disney comprara su rival ABC). Disney Channel repitió la serie desde 1997 hasta 2000. El programa se mostró en Toon Disney desde abril de 1998 hasta diciembre de 2008.

Trama
La serie está ambientada en el sultanato ficticio de Agrabah. Tiene lugar un año después de la película original y está ambientada después de la segunda película. Aladdin, ahora comprometido con la princesa Jasmín, se embarca en numerosas aventuras con sus compañeros, tanto dentro como fuera de Agrabah. Estas aventuras a menudo incluyen resolver misterios, encontrar tesoros y encontrarse con varios enemigos, como Abis Mal (un ladrón infantil e incompetente), Mechanicles (un loco inventor griego), Mozenrath (un joven hechicero malvado hambriento de poder) y Mirage (un hechicera malvada parecida a un gato).

Personajes

Principales
Aladdin: Fue originalmente un pilluelo callejero que robaba comida para sobrevivir, pero su vida cambió cuando conoció y se enamoró de Jasmín, la princesa de Agrabah. Aladdin está comprometido para casarse con Jasmín y finalmente se convertirá en Príncipe y, finalmente, en Sultán. Se entera de sus futuras responsabilidades mientras protege el reino de los monstruos, hechiceros y otros peligros.
Genio: Es uno de los mejores amigos de Aladdin. Liberado de su lámpara y capaz de usar su magia con libertad, Genio ayuda a Aladdin en sus aventuras para proteger Agrabah. Sin embargo, la magia de Genio no siempre funciona con éxito, ya que sus poderes se redujeron una vez que fue liberado. Describe sus poderes como "semifenomenales, casi cósmicos".
Iago: Aunque puede haber limpiado su acto, Iago todavía es muy codicioso y constantemente desea tener riquezas y poder en su vida. Sin darse cuenta, Iago causa problemas a la pandilla mientras los guía en la búsqueda del tesoro que resulta ser peligrosa. Aunque puede tener mal genio, Iago tiene un buen corazón en el fondo y siempre hace lo correcto al final. Iago también tiene el talento de poder imitar las voces de otras personas.
Abú: Es el amigo encantador, travieso pero más cercano de Aladdin. Abú es conocido por ser un maestro ladrón y tiene los ojos puestos en el oro y las joyas. Abú e Iago se han convertido en buenos amigos y trabajan juntos en muchas ocasiones para ganar dinero y riquezas más allá de sus sueños más salvajes.
Princesa Jasmín: Su padre la obligó a casarse con un príncipe, pero su vida cambió para mejor cuando se escapó de casa y conoció y se enamoró del hombre de sus sueños, Aladdin. Jasmín no es una princesa ordinaria, ya que tiene una voluntad fuerte, es independiente, desafiante pero amorosa y cariñosa, y bastante coqueta y seductora, y quiere vivir una vida en la que sea libre de tomar sus propias decisiones y no dejar que otros la controlen. Ahora con más independencia, Jasmín comienza a experimentar cosas que nunca antes había hecho.
Alfombra Mágica: Es un amigo leal que una vez fue residente de la sala del tesoro de la Cueva de las Maravillas. Es el medio de transporte de Aladdin y sus amigos, así como un constante compañero de juegos para Genio.

Lista de episodios

Temporada 1
 Amigos del aire y con plumas.
 Mal humor al despertar.
 Para curar a un ladrón
 Hacer la rata.
 Nunca digas Nefir.
 Librándose de los insectos.
 Carrera de humo.
 Jardín del mal.
 Hablando de Abu.
 Un genio encantador.
 Algunos genios encantados.
 Telaraña de miedo.
 El día de los Almuddis.
 Saqueadores del mar.
 Conjuro de arena.
 Hipnotizados.
 Mal tiempo.
 Olvidame mucho.
 Magia de miedo.
 Protección extra.
 Locura a la luz de la luna.
 La pareja imperfecta.
 Lluvia de terror.
 Magia de cuento.
 El día en que el pájaro se detuvo.
 De hielo y hombre.
 Los opuestos se repelen.
 Atrapados en un cuento.
 Elemental,mi querida Jasmine.
 Genio torpe.
 El juego.
 Pobre Lago.
 El reino animal.
 Poder para el loro.
 Las arenas del destino.
 La Citadel.
 El muñeco de hielo.
 El secreto de la daga de roca.
 En el calor del miedo.
 Las siete caras del genio.
 El chacal del viento de Mozenrath.
 Un héroe mecánico.
 Misión: Imposible.
 Bello hedor.
 La sombra de la duda.
 Huele a problemas.
 El camino a la guerra.
 La noche del fango viviente.
 Ex-tra protección.
 Cabezas cortadas pierden.
 El insecto del amor.
 Cuando Chaos nos llama.
 Blindado peligroso.
 La maldición del tiburón.
 Arena negra.
 Amor a primer duende.
 Héroe volcán.
 La ciudad perdida del sol.
 Vueltas por el inframundo.
 Parecen viejos delitos -1
 Parecen viejos delitos -2
 De Hppsodeth,con amor.
 Destino en llamas.
 El retorno de Maleho.

Temporada 2
66 Los asaltantes del tiburón perdido.
67 Estornudo mágico.
68 Las razones del profeta.
69 Ese sentimiento apestoso.
70 Bestia o hambruna.
71 La especia curativa.
72 El héroe con plumas.
73 ¿Qué decisión tomará la bruja?
74 Mar sin sal.
75 Un sultán digno de su sal.
76 Cacería de genios.
77 Perdios.
78 Ojo del espectador.

Temporada 3
79. La presa.
80. Los jinetes traídos de vuelta.
81. El libro de Khartoum.
82. Mientras la ciudad duerme.
83. Doble enredo.
84. El etéreo.
85. La sombra sabe.
86. La gran grieta.

Reparto

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Series de televisión animadas de Estados Unidos
Series de televisión de los años 1990
Series de televisión infantiles
Adaptaciones de Las mil y una noches
Series de televisión animadas de los años 1990
Series dobladas al español en México

Aladdín (serie animada)


දිගාමඬුල්ලේ ආශ්චර්යය යනු මායාරංජන් විසින් රචිත ග්‍රන්ථයකි. වර්ෂ 1957 දී ප්‍රථම වරට මුද්‍රණය වූ ඉන්, වැව් ගම් පත්තුවේ භාෂාව පිළිබඳ ගැඹුරු වාග් විද්‍යා වියමනනක් විදහාපායි. වර්ෂ 1966 සිට 1972 දක්වා ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ හයවන ශ්‍රේණියේ දරුවන්ගේ සිංහල පෙළ පොතේ මුල්ම පාඩම වන 'නෙල්ලිකැලේ' මෙම විශිෂ්ට සාහිත්‍ය කෘතියේ එන පරිච්ඡේදයකින් සංස්කරණය කොට ගන්නා ලද්දකි.

ආශ්‍රිත
 මායාරංජන්

මූලශ්‍ර

පොත්

දිගාමඬුල්ලේ ආශ්චර්යය


Jean Todt (Pierrefort, Francuska, 25. veljače 1946.) je bivši francuski reli vozač i šef momčadi Formule 1 Scuderia Ferrari. U tri mandata (2009. – 2021.) obnašao je dužnost predsjednika Međunarodne automobilističke federacije.

Životopis

Rođen je 25. veljače 1946. (neki izvori tvrde da je to bilo dan kasnije) u Pierrefortu, stotinjak kilometara od Clermont-Ferranda. Bio je sin liječnika, poljskog Židova koji se sa 17 godina doselio u Francusku. Školovao se u Parizu, gdje ga je otac poslao u pariško elitno predgrađe Neuilly u uglednu trgovačku školu, a ondje su ga sudbina i narav otrgli od roditeljskih planova.

Sredinom 1960-ih mladić se s prijateljem Jean-Claudeom Lefebvreom počeo zanimati za utrke, pogotovo relije, a natjecateljsku karijeru započeo je kad je posudio očev Mini Cooper S i pustio prijatelja da vozi dok je on bio u ulozi suvozača. Njegova prva profesionalna vožnja bila je s NSU-om, kao suvozač u Guyu Chasseuilu. Potom se pokušao utrkivati neko vrijeme prije nego što je shvatio da mu više odgovara biti suvozač. U reliju se počeo natjecati 1969. u Ford Capriju s Jean-Francoisom Piotom.

Prva značajna pobjeda dolazi sljedeće godine na utrci Tour de France, koja je u automobilističkom svijetu bila danas zaboravljena kombinacija relija i utrka na kružnim stazama, a upravo je to izdanje izazvalo najviše medijske pozornosti dotad. Matra je prijavila dva prototipa MS650, koji su, očekivano, pomeli konkurenciju cestovnih automobila. Todt se našao u ekipi s dva velikana, Patrickom Depaillerom i Jean-Pierreom Beltoiseom, a koliko su u pobjedi udjela imale njegove navigatorske sposobnosti može se samo nagađati. No, scene Le Mans prototipova koji jure regularnim prometnicama urezale su se u sjećanje francuske javnosti, a mladić je postao tražena roba u svijetu relija.

U sljedećih nekoliko godina udružio se s raznim vrhunskim imenima, osvojivši portugalski reli 1971. s Jean-Pierreom Nicolasom, ali i sjedeći uz Rauna Aaltonena, Ovea Anderssona i Achima Warmbolda. Godine 1975. postao je predstavnik FISA-e za vozače relija.

Todt se tada povukao iz natjecanja i 1982. dobio je zadatak da postavi Peugeot Talbot Sport za dizajn i razvoj 205 Turbo 16 motora za Svjetsko reli prvenstvo. Automobil Peugeot 205 je osvojio svoj prvi reli u rukama Ari Vatanena na 1000 jezera u Finskoj 1984. godine i dominirao na Svjetskom prvenstvu u reliju 1985. i 1986. sa 16 pobjeda i dva naslova.

Godine 1990. Peugeot Sport se okrenuo na sportske automobile, a 1992. su osvojili 24 sata Le Mansa s Derekom Warwickom, Yannickom Dalmasom i Markom Blundellom kao vozačima.

Izvori

Francuski vozači relija

Jean Todt


An Roeperocharis wentzeliana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Friedrich Fritz Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin. An Roeperocharis wentzeliana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Roeperocharis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Roeperocharis

Roeperocharis wentzeliana


Gysertimen 2 er en amerikansk film fra 1988 instrueret af Tommy Lee Wallace.

Medvirkende
Roddy McDowall som Peter Vincent
William Ragsdale som Charley Brewster
Traci Lind som Alex
Julie Carmen som Regine Dandridge
Jon Gries som Louie
Russell Clark som Belle
Brian Thompson som Bozworth
Merritt Butrick som Richie
Ernie Sabella som Dr. Harrison
Matt Landers som Mel

Eksterne henvisninger

Gyserfilm fra USA
Amerikanske film fra 1988
Engelsksprogede film
Vampyrfilm
Gyserkomediefilm fra USA

Gysertimen 2


John Goodwin Tower (September 29, 1925 – April 5, 1991) was an American politician and military officer who represented Texas in the United States Senate from 1961 to 1985. He was the first Republican elected to the U.S. Senate from Texas since Reconstruction. Tower is known for leading the Tower Commission, which investigated the Iran-Contra Affair in the Reagan administration.

Born in Houston, Texas, he served in the Pacific Theater of World War II. After the war, he worked as a radio announcer and taught at Midwestern University (now Midwestern State University) in Wichita Falls. He switched from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party in the early 1950s and worked on the 1956 presidential campaign of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Tower lost Texas's 1960 Senate election to Democratic Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, but performed relatively well compared to his Republican predecessors. With the Democratic victory in the 1960 presidential election, Johnson vacated his Senate seat to become Vice President of the United States. In the 1961 special election, Tower defeated Johnson's appointed successor, Bill Blakley. He won re-election in 1966, 1972, and 1978.

Upon joining the Senate in 1961, Tower became the first Republican Senator to represent a state in the South since 1913. He was the only Southern Republican in the Senate until Strom Thurmond switched parties in 1964. A political conservative earlier in his career, Tower staunchly opposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Starting in 1976 with his support of Gerald Ford rather than Ronald Reagan in the 1976 Republican primaries, Tower began to alienate many fellow conservatives. He became less conservative over time, later voicing support for legal abortion, gay rights, and opposing President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative in 1983.

Tower retired from the Senate in 1985. After leaving Congress, he served as chief negotiator of the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks with the Soviet Union and led the Tower Commission. The commission's report was highly critical of the Reagan administration's relations with Iran and the Contras. In 1989, incoming President George H. W. Bush chose Tower as his nominee for Secretary of Defense, but his nomination was rejected by the Senate. After the defeat, Tower chaired the President's Intelligence Advisory Board. Tower died in the 1991 Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311 crash.

Early life, education, and military service
Tower was born in Houston, the son of Joe Z. Tower (1898–1970) and Beryl Goodwin Tower (1898–1990). The family often moved throughout East Texas due to Joe's career as a Methodist minister.

Having attended public schools in Houston and Beaumont, Texas, Tower graduated from Beaumont High School in 1942. After high school, he enrolled at Southwestern University in fall 1942. In June 1943, Tower paused his college studies to serve in the United States Navy during the Pacific Theater of World War II on an LCS(L) amphibious gunboat.

In March 1946, Tower was discharged from the Navy ranked seaman first class and resumed his studies at Southwestern. He graduated in 1948 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science. While at Southwestern, Tower was a member of the Iota chapter of the Kappa Sigma fraternity, and would later serve the organization in significant alumnus volunteer roles.

Tower worked as a radio announcer for country music station KTAE in Taylor, northeast of Austin, during college and for some time afterward. Tower continued his military service in the United States Naval Reserve until retiring in 1989 with the rank of master chief's boatswain mate.

In 1949, he began graduate studies in political science at Southern Methodist University and worked part time as an insurance agent. Then in 1951, Tower became an assistant professor of political science at Midwestern University (now Midwestern State University), a job he held until 1960. In 1952 and 1953, he pursued graduate coursework at the London School of Economics and conducted field research on the organization of the Conservative Party of the United Kingdom. His research was presented in his thesis, The Conservative Worker in Britain. He received his Master of Arts degree from SMU in 1953.

Early political career
Although raised as a Southern Democrat, Tower became a Republican in college about 1951. He rose quickly through the ranks of the Texas Republican Party; he was an unsuccessful candidate for representative to the Texas House of Representatives for the 18th district in 1954. He was a delegate to the 1956 Republican National Convention. In the 1956 presidential election, he was the campaign manager for Dwight D. Eisenhower in the 23rd Senatorial District.

1960 Senate election
In 1960, he was chosen by the state convention held in McAllen in Hidalgo County in south Texas, as the Republican candidate for the United States Senate against Lyndon Johnson. Two other Republicans mentioned for the senatorial nomination, Thad Hutcheson, who had sought Texas's other Senate seat in a special election in 1957, and Bruce Alger, the only Republican congressman from Texas at the time, were both uninterested.

Johnson, the incumbent senator and famous nationwide as the Senate Majority Leader, won the election against Tower. As John F. Kennedy's running mate, Johnson was also seeking the vice presidency in the same election. Tower's campaign slogan was "double your pleasure, double your fun — vote against Johnson two times, not one."

1961 Senate election
After Johnson became Vice President, Tower ran in the special election held to determine who would fill Johnson's seat in the Senate. Tower came first in the initial round of voting with 30.93% of the vote, and subsequently won the run-off election against Democrat William A. Blakley, who had been appointed as interim Senator, with 50.6% of the vote to Blakley's 49.4%. Tower became the first Republican elected to the Senate from Texas since the end of Reconstruction.

United States Senate

Committee assignments

In the Senate, Tower was assigned to two major committees: the Labor and Public Welfare Committee and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Tower left the Labor and Public Welfare Committee in 1964, although in 1965 he was named to the Senate Armed Services Committee, in which he served until his retirement. He was chairman of the Armed Services Committee from 1981 to 1984. Tower also served on the Joint Committee on Defense Production from 1963 until 1977 and on the Senate Republican Policy Committee in 1962 and from 1969 until 1984. Tower served as chairman of the latter from 1973 until his retirement from the Senate. As a member and later chairman of the Armed Services Committee, Tower was a strong proponent of modernizing the armed forces. In the Banking and Currency Committee, he was a champion of small businesses and worked to improve the national infrastructure and financial institutions. Tower supported Texas economic interests, working to improve the business environment of the energy, agricultural, and fishing and maritime sectors.

Civil Rights
Tower was a leading opponent of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and voted against both bills, as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, but he did not vote on the Civil Rights Act of 1968 and voted in favor of the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the U.S. Supreme Court.

Although opposing the final passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Tower also voted against an amendment by Albert Gore Sr. that sought to weaken the legislation. He stated:

Post-Senate career

According to The Assassination of Robert Maxwell: Israel's Superspy by Gordon Thomas and Martin Dillon, Tower became the liaison for Robert Maxwell, a British publishing mogul and super-agent for Mossad, to the White House and to US government operations. The relationship began in 1984, and the soon-to-be retired Tower "told Maxwell that his fee as Maxwell's personal consultant would be $200,000." Tower received his fee in four separate payments of $50,000 into a Swiss bank account. Tower arranged for Maxwell to meet with leadership of Sandia National Laboratories, a US nuclear lab. Maxwell sold to Sandia a copy of PROMIS software that had a backdoor which was accessible by Israeli intelligence, giving nuclear details to Israel. Shortly after retirement from the Senate, in 1985, Tower took Maxwell's request for American help in arming Iran, and relayed it to President Reagan as a means to trade for American hostages held in Lebanon. "Two days later the former Senator reported to Maxwell that his meeting with President Reagan had produced a positive response."

Tower retired from the Senate after nearly twenty-four years in office. He continued to be involved in national politics, advising the campaigns of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush. Two weeks after his leaving office, Tower was named chief United States negotiator at the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks in Geneva, Switzerland. Tower resigned from this office in 1987, and for a time was a professor at Southern Methodist University. He became a consultant with Tower, Eggers, and Greene Consulting from 1987 until his death in 1991.

In November 1986, President Reagan asked Tower to chair the President's Special Review Board to study the action of the National Security Council and its staff during the Iran–Contra affair. The board, which became known as the Tower Commission, issued its report on February 26, 1987. The report was highly critical of the Reagan administration and of the National Security Council's dealings with both Iran and the Nicaraguan Contras.

In 1989, Tower was President George H. W. Bush's choice to become Secretary of Defense. In a stunning move, particularly since Tower was himself a former Senate colleague, the Senate rejected his nomination. The largest factors were concern about possible conflicts of interest and Tower's personal life, in particular allegations of alcohol abuse and womanizing. The Senate vote was 47–53, and it marked the first time that the Senate had rejected a Cabinet nominee of a newly elected president.

As The New York Times reported in his obituary, "Mr. Tower's repudiation by his former colleagues, who rejected him as President Bush's nominee for Secretary of Defense after public allegations of womanizing and heavy drinking, left a bitterness that could not be assuaged. In the normally clubby Senate, Mr. Tower was regarded by some colleagues as a gut fighter who did not suffer fools gladly, and some lawmakers indicated that they were only too pleased to rebuke him."

In response to the alcohol allegations, Tower told The New York Times in 1990: "Have I ever drunk to excess? Yes. Am I alcohol-dependent? No. Have I always been a good boy? Of course not. But I've never done anything disqualifying. That's the point." The FBI background check indicated that Tower was not an alcoholic but had abused alcohol, albeit with much diminished alcohol consumption beginning in 1983, though continuing to sporadically use alcohol.

After Tower's defeat, he was named chairman of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. Dick Cheney, then a Representative from Wyoming and the House Minority Whip, was later confirmed as Secretary of Defense.

Personal life
While a professor at Midwestern State University, Tower met Joza Lou Bullington, whom he married in 1952. A native of San Diego, California, Lou was reared in Wichita Falls and was the organist at the Towers' church. She was five years his senior.

John and Lou Tower had three children during their years in Wichita Falls born in three consecutive years: Penny (1954), Marian (1955–1991), and Jeanne (1956). The couple divorced in 1976. Following his divorce from Lou, who remained single for the rest of her life, Tower married Lilla Burt Cummings in 1977. The couple separated in 1985 and divorced on July 2, 1986.

Death and legacy

On April 5, 1991, Tower was aboard Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311 when it crashed while on approach for landing at Brunswick, Georgia. The crash instantly killed everyone on board, including Tower and his middle daughter, Marian, the astronaut Sonny Carter, and twenty others. An investigation determined that the crash resulted from failure of the plane's propeller control unit.

Tower and his daughter are buried together at the family plot of the Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery in Dallas. A cenotaph in Tower's honor was erected at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin. Tower's personal and political life are chronicled in his autobiography, Consequences: A Personal and Political Memoir, published a few months before his death. He donated his papers to his alma mater, Southwestern University.

See also
Tower Amendment
Unsuccessful nominations to the Cabinet of the United States
List of members of the American Legion

References

General

 Bennetts, Leslie (September 1991). "Remember the Alamo." Vanity Fair. p. 114-

External links
 Retrieved on 2008-02-08
Handbook of Texas article on John Tower

 Southwestern University and SMU's John G. Tower Digital Media Collection contains videos and audios by John Tower throughout his career.
Booknotes interview with Roger Gittines on Consequences: John G. Tower, A Personal and Political Memoir, June 30, 1991.
John G. Tower Papers  – Official repository for John Tower's Senate and personal papers, Special Collections, Southwestern University.
Speech by John Tower given on November 11, 1970. Audio recording from The University of Alabama's Emphasis Symposium on Contemporary Issues
Brunswick, GA Commuter Plane Crash Kills John Tower, Sonny Carter, and 21 others, Apr 1991 article at GenDisasters.com

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1925 births
1991 deaths
20th-century American politicians
Accidental deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Midwestern State University faculty
20th-century American memoirists
United States Navy personnel of World War II
American United Methodists
Methodists from Texas
Politicians from Beaumont, Texas
Politicians from Dallas
Politicians from Houston
People from Wichita Falls, Texas
Rejected or withdrawn nominees to the United States Executive Cabinet
Republican Party United States senators from Texas
Southern Methodist University alumni
Southwestern University alumni
Burials at Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery
Texas Republicans
United States Navy chiefs
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1991
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
20th-century Methodists
United States Navy reservists
New Right (United States)

John Tower


සාරා යෝර්ක් හි ආදිපාදවරිය දෙවන එලිසබෙත් මහ රාජෝත්තමාවියගේ හා ෆිලිප් කුමරුගේ දෙවන පුත්‍රයා හා තෙවන දරුවා වන ඇන්ඩෘ කුමරුගේ හිටපු බිරිද වේ.

මුණුපුරු මිණිපිරියන් - ඕගස්ට් බ්රෑක්ස්බෑන්ක් මහතා , සියානා එලිසබෙත් මෙනවිය

සාරා යෝර්ක්හි ආදිපදවරිය


Potres kod Stoca 2022. magnitude 5,7 MW dogodio se 22. travnja 2022. u 23:07 sati po SEV-u na dubini od 10 km. Epicentar je bio u mjestu Strupići. Ovaj potres bio je najjači u Bosni i Hercegovini od onoga koji je 1969. pogodio Banju Luku. Osim u Bosni i Hercegovini, potres se osjetio u Albaniji, Crnoj Gori, Hrvatskoj, Italiji, Kosovu, Sjevernoj Makedoniji, Sloveniji i Srbiji.

Šteta i žrtve

Bosna i Hercegovina

Hercegovačko-neretvanska županija
U Čapljini je oštećeno preko 200 objekata. Teško je stradala Osnovna škola Vladimira Pavlovića čiji su se dimnjaci i krov urušili. Četiri osobe s lakšim ozljedama zatražile su medicinsku pomoć.

U Mostaru se urušio dimnjak. Na području tog grada došlo je do manjeg obrušavanja cigle i građevinskog materijala s krova objekta na prometnicu.

U Stocu je preminula jedna žena od posljedica ozljeda zadobivenih rušenjem stijene na jednu kuću. Njezini roditelji zadobili su lakše tjelesne povrede. Više osoba je ozlijeđeno. Zabilježena je više odrona te šteta na nekim objektima. Načelnik općine Stolac izjavio je da u centru Stoca nema značajne materijalne štete osim na dvije obiteljske kuće.

Nastali su odroni na putnim pravcima Stolac – Mostar, Stolac – Neum, Stolac – Ljubinje i Stolac – Berkovići.

Zeničko-dobojska županija
U jami "Sretno" u Brezi došlo je do prekida proizvodnje ugljena. Zbog naglog oslobađanja pritiska u prostorijama jame lakše je ozlijeđeno nekoliko rudara, a četvero ih je zatražilo liječničku pomoć.

Republika Srpska
U Ljubinju su objekti pretrpjeli ozbiljnu materijalnu štetu, a posebice zgrada općine koja je iz vremena Austro-Ugarske. Na području Nevesinja nisu zabilježena ozbiljna oštećenja stambenih objekata.

Hrvatska
Zabilježeno je nekoliko manjih odrona na Jadranskoj magistrali na području Župe dubrovačke i Rabe kod Slivna. U Metkoviću je oštećeno desetak dimnnjaka. Značajnu štetu pretrpilo je mjesto Trnovica u općini Dubrovačko primorje. Materijalna šteta zabilježena je u dubrovačkoj crkvi Male braće.

Odjek
Gradonačelnik Stoca proglasio je nedjelju, 24. travnja, Danom žalosti na području Grada Stoca.

Selmo Cikotić, ministar sigurnosti Bosne i Hercegovine izjavio je da Vijeće ministara Bosne i Hercegovine za sada neće zasjedati zbog saniranja šteta od potresa.

U Trebinju su sve službe za izvanredno djelovanje stavljene na raspolaganje. Gradonačelnica Sarajeva Benjamina Karić izrazila je sućut obitelji stradale žene u Stocu. Šefik Džaferović, predsjedavajući Predsjedništva Bosne i Hercegovine, i Željko Komšić, član Predsjedništva Bosne i Hercegovine, posjetli su obitelj stradale žene i izjavili da će sanirati nastalu štetu na kući.

Milorad Dodik, član Predsjedništva Bosne i Hercegovine izjavio je da će općini Ljubinje biti upućeno 500 000 KM u obliku hitne pomoći za saniranje štete.

Zagrebački gradonačelnik Tomislav Tomašević objavio je na svojemu profilu na Twitteru u razgovoru s tamošnjim kolegama izrazio sućut te ponudio humanitarnu i drugu pomoć.

Posljedice
Željeznički promet od Podgorice k sjevernome dijelu Crne Gore, na pruzi Beograd – Bar, bio je u prekidu.

Izvori

 2022-04-22
Povijest neovisne Bosne i Hercegovine
 2022-04-22
Povijest neovisne Hrvatske
 2022-04-22
Stolac

Potres kod Stoca 2022.


Fadeaway, basketbolda oyuncunun geriye doğru çekilerek şut atma stilidir. Stilin Türkçede bir karşılığı bulunmamaktadır. NBA'de bu hareketi en iyi yapan oyuncular arasında 1.98'lik guard Michael Jordan , 2.13'lük forvet Dirk Nowitzki ve 1.98'lik guard Kobe Bryant gösterilebilir. Bu atış güçlü kollar ve yüksek denge yeteneği istediğinden çok az oyuncu bu atış türünde başarılı olabilir.

Basketbol terimleri

Fadeaway


John N. "Jack" Little is an American electrical engineer and the CEO and co-founder of MathWorks and a co-author of early versions of the company's MATLAB product.

He is a Fellow of the IEEE and a Trustee of the Massachusetts Technology Leadership Council. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1978), and a Master's degree from Stanford University (1980). He is the son of the academic John D. C. Little.

External links
  His biography on mathworks.com.

References

Fellow Members of the IEEE
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

John N. Little


L'abbaye de Kopua (, littéralement « abbaye Notre-Dame de l'Étoile du Sud » ou plus simplement  ou « Abbaye de l'Étoile du Sud ») est une abbaye trappiste en activité située en Nouvelle-Zélande.

Fondé en 1954, le monastère est situé sur l'Île du Nord, à proximité du village de Takapau. Parès une période difficile dans les années 1980, où plusieurs décès endeuillent la communauté, celle-ci choisit d'entamer dans les années 2000 un discernement commun sur l'avenir du monastère.

Localisation et toponymie
L'abbaye est située sur la rive nord du Manawatu, dans la partie supérieure de son cours, en amont du coude que fait le fleuve en direction du sud-ouest.

Histoire

Fondation
La fondation est une initiative de Peter McKeefry, archevêque de Wellington. Le terrain de cinq cents acres, soit un peu plus de deux cents hectares, sur lequel l'évêque souhaite voir les cisterciens s'établir est un don que Tom et Rosalie Prescott avaient effectué le  à l'Église catholique, initialement dans l'espoir qu'elle construise un établissement d'enseignement agricole. Après une approbation du chapitre général en 1953, la création de l'abbaye est officiellement entérinée le . Six moines quittent l'abbaye irlandaise de Mount Melleray le  suivant et arrivent à Kopua en juin.

Les moines s'établissent dans les logements des tondeurs de laine en construisant parallèlement le monastère. Dès le  de la même année, le noviciat est ouvert. Des moines supplémentaires arrivent d'Irlande en 1955, 1958 et 1959 ; enfin les derniers Irlandais sont les pères John Kelly, en 1967, et Conleth O'Byrne, en 1969.

Développement
Entretemps, en 1959, le monastère est élevé canoniquement en tant qu'abbaye, et le premier abbé, Joachim Murphy, est élu le . Sous son abbatiat, de profonds changements interviennent, avec le Concile Vatican II, le passage du latin à l'anglais dans la liturgie, mais aussi la possibilité plus largement offerte aux frères de faire des études à Rome et l'accent mis sur la vie fraternelle.

En 1967, Tom Prescott, un des deux donateur initiaux, meurt. Sa veuve Rosalie interpelle les moines en 1972 pour qu'ils créent un institut de formation agricole sur leur terrain, rejoignant ainsi son ambition initiale ; toutefois cet institut ferme ses portes dès 1980.

Difficultés
La communauté connaît des périodes difficiles à partir des années 1980. Plusieurs frères meurent d'accidents ou de maladies, un certain nombre de candidats se découragent, et plusieurs moines décident de se lancer dans un ministère paroissial. Les moines sont hésitants sur l'attitude d'accueil à valoriser pour encourager les vocations de candidats locaux.

En l'an 2000, la communauté monastique entame un discernement sur son devenir. Peu de temps après, le , Rosalie Prescott meurt, à près de 104 ans. John, son fils adoptif, rejoint alors la communauté monastique.

Restructuration progressive
Depuis les années 1990, la gestion de la ferme est peu à peu confiée à des laïcs, ainsi que celle de la maison d'hôtes. Un conseil consultatif de laïcs est mis en place au courant des années 2000 pour aider à la restructuration des finances et au développement de la ferme. L'étape suivante est la reconstruction complète du monastère en plusieurs étapes, avec l'aide d'un architecte et d'une architecte-paysagiste. La première étape est la refonte complète du complexe d'accueil. Les travaux en débutent en 2007, s'achèvent en 2008. La bénédiction de la nouvelle hôtellerie a lieu en juin 2008.

Liste des abbés

Vie de la communauté
La ferme du monastère constitue le principal poste de revenu des moines. Initialement, les ressources principales étaient l'élevage bovin pour le lait et la viande bovine, l'élevage ovin, porcin, et la culture de pommes de terre. La ferme s'était également spécialisé, de manière plus anecdotique, dans la greffe d'arbres fruitiers, la production de carottes, de fraises et d'orchidées. Juste avant l'an 2000, la ferme recentre son activité sur la production laitière et de viande de taureau.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Bibliographie

Abbaye cistercienne en Nouvelle-Zélande
Abbaye fondée au XXe siècle
Fondation en 1954
Abbaye en activité
Abbaye dédiée à sainte Marie

Abbaye de Kopua


San Sperate (sardinski: Santu Sparàu) je grad i općina (comune) u pokrajini Južnoj Sardiniji u regiji Sardiniji, Italija. Nalazi se na nadmorskoj visini od 41 metar i ima 8 312 stanovnika. Prostire se na 26,24 km². Gustoća naseljenosti je 317 st/km².Susjedne općine su: Assemini, Decimomannu, Monastir, Sestu i Villasor.

Izvori

Gradovi na Sardiniji

San Sperate


2017 în științifico-fantastic — 2018 în științifico-fantastic — 2019 în științifico-fantastic
2018 în științifico-fantastic implică o serie de evenimente:

Nașteri

Decese

 22 ianuarie : Ursula K. Le Guin, scriitoare americană, decedat la 88 ani.
 6 februarie : John Anthony West, scriitor american, decedat la 85 ani.
 13 februarie : Victor Milán, scriitor american, decedat la 64 ani.
 3 martie : Daniel Walther, scriitor francez, decedat la 77 ani.
 6 martie : Peter Nicholls, scriitor australian, decedat la 78 ani.
 8 martie : Kate Wilhelm, scriitor american, decedat la 89 ani.
 11 martie : Mary Rosenblum, scriitor american, decedat la 65 ani.
 19 martie : David Bischoff, scriitor american, decedat la 66 ani.
 27 mai : Gardner R. Dozois, scriitor american, decedat la 70 ani.
 28 iunie : Harlan Ellison, scriitor american, decedat la 84 ani.
 9 august : Martin Lessard, scriitor canadian, decedat la 46 ani.
 29 octombrie : Dave Duncan, scriitor canadian, decedat la 85 ani.

Cărți
 Artificial Condition de Martha Wells
 Ball Lightning de Liu Cixin
 The Calculating Stars de Mary Robinette Kowal
 The Consuming Fire de John Scalzi
 The Freeze-Frame Revolution de  Peter Watts
 Head On de John Scalzi
 Luna: Moon Rising de Ian McDonald
 Mutiny at Vesta de R.E. Stearns
 Record of a Spaceborn Few de Becky Chambers
 Space Opera de Catherynne M. Valente
 Thrawn: Alliances de  Timothy Zahn

Filme
 Solo: O Poveste Star Wars de Ron Howard
 Annihilation de Alex Garland.
 Darkest Minds : Rébellion de Jennifer Yuh Nelson.
 Future World de James Franco și Bruce Thierry Chung.
 Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom de Juan Antonio Bayona.
 Maze Runner: The Death Cure de Wes Ball.
 Pacific Rim Uprising de Steven S. DeKnight.
 The Predator de Shane Black.
 Ready Player One de Steven Spielberg.
 Titan de Lennart Ruff.

Seriale TV
 100, sezonul 5.
 3%, sezonul 2.
 Altered Carbon, sezonul 1.
 Counterpart, sezonul 1
 The Expanse, sezonul 3.
 Final Space, sezonul 1.
 Killjoys, sezonul 4.
 Origin, sezonul  1.
 Pierduți în spațiu, sezonul 1.
 Westworld, sezonul 2.
 X-Files, sezonul 11.
 Z Nation, sezonul 5.

Jocuri video
 Assassin's Creed Odyssey
 BattleTech
 Destiny 2: Forsaken
 Detroit: Become Human
 Fallout 76
 Fallout: New California
 Far Cry 5
 Frostpunk
 Iconoclasts
 Into the Breach
 Quake Champions
 Spider-Man
 Star Citizen
 Starlink: Battle for Atlas
 We Happy Few
 Xenoblade Chronicles 2: Torna – The Golden Country

Premii
 Premiul Saturn
 Cel mai bun film SF:
 Premiul Nebula pentru cel mai bun roman
 Premiul Hugo pentru cel mai bun roman  The Stone Sky de N. K. Jemisin
 Premiul Locus pentru cel mai bun roman The Collapsing Empire de John Scalzi

Note

Vezi și
 2018 în literatură
2018 în științifico-fantastic

2018 în științifico-fantastic


Sigríður Tómasdóttir (1871 - 1957) foi um ambientalista islandesa cujo activismo ajudou a preservar as quedas de água de Gullfoss, protegendo-as da industrialização. Ela é amplamente vista como a primeira ambientalista da Islândia e é homenageada com uma escultura perto de Gullfoss.

Juventude
Tómasdóttir nasceu em Brattholt em 1874 e cresceu na fazenda de ovelhas da sua família. Ela não recebeu nenhuma educação oficial, mas era bem lida e artística. Ela e as suas irmãs trabalhariam como guias para os visitantes das quedas de água.

Activismo
Em 1907 proprietários de terras, incluindo o pai de Tómasdóttir, Tómas Tómasson, assinaram um acordo para permitir a construção de uma barragem hidroelétrica no rio Hvítá que resultaria na submersão de Gulfoss. Incomodada com o acordo, Tómasdóttir entrou com uma acção legal contra o empreendimento e realizou vários protestos. Ela fez inúmeras caminhadas de 120 quilómetros até Reykjavík, segundo alguns relatos, a pé, para se encontrar com funcionários do governo e depois ameaçou atirar-se nas quedas de água.

Ela foi representada legalmente por Sveinn Björnsson, que mais tarde se tornou o primeiro presidente da Islândia. Os esforços de Tómasdóttir acabaram por falhar a nível legal, mas ganharam atenção positiva por parte do público. Os contratos de arrendamento foram posteriormente cancelados e o projeto hidroelétrico nunca foi construído. Gullfoss e a área circundante foram vendidos ao governo islandês e tornaram-se um local de conservação permanente em 1979.

Legado
Tómasdóttir faleceu em 1957 e foi enterrada no cemitério de Haukadalur. O escultor Ríkarður Jónsson fez um memorial em honra a Tómasdóttir, que fica perto de Gulfoss.

Ativistas da Islândia
Mortos em 1957
Nascidos em 1874

Sigríður Tómasdóttir


El Aeródromo de El Castaño,  es un aeródromo privado español situado en el municipio de Luciana (Ciudad Real). El aeródromo es gestionado por la sociedad Agropecuaria El Castaño.

El aeródromo tiene una pista de aterrizaje de asfalto.

Referencias

Véase también
Aeropuertos de España

El Castaño

Aeródromo de El Castaño


L'affaire Auguste Lemieux est une affaire criminelle québécoise et un cas d'anthropophagie survenu au Lac-Saint-Jean en 1908.

Déroulement

L'expédition
Joseph Grasset, Gabriel Bernard et Auguste Lemieux entreprennent une expédition depuis le Lac-Saint-Jean vers les régions des lacs Chibougamau et Waswanipi, le 5 septembre 1907. Ils entreprennent cette expédition dans le but de faire de la traite des fourrures. Joseph Grasset est Français d'origine. Il s'est établi à Roberval et travaille dans le commerce des fourrures. C'est lui qui a engagé pour son expédition : Auguste Lemieux, de Mistassini, comme guide, ainsi que Gabriel Bernard, d'origine belge, en tant qu'homme à tout faire. Le retour des trois hommes au lac Saint-Jean est prévu à la fin du mois de décembre ou au début du mois de janvier 1908.

À la fin du mois de janvier 1908, deux Innus de Mashteuiatsh, Joseph Kurtness accompagné de son fils Gabriel, découvrent un campement abandonné dans les bois. Ils y découvrent ainsi une note manuscrite signée au nom de Gabriel Bernard:

Joseph et Gabriel Kurtness rapportent la nouvelle à leur retour au lac Saint-Jean et dès le mois de mars, des journaux dans toute la province de Québec annoncent la probable mort des trois hommes en forêt.

La découverte du corps d'Auguste Lemieux
Le 9 mai 1908, Joseph Kurtness et un employé de la Mackenzie Trading Co., découvrent les restes du corps d'Auguste Lemieux sur le Lac Ashuapmushuan. Une mort naturelle semble d'emblée exclue car sa dépouillée a été visiblement découpé en morceaux. Les hommes présents sur place fabriquent alors un cercueil et inhument le corps de la victime le lendemain, près du site de l'ancien poste de traite du Lac Ashuapmushuan, alors occupé par la Mackenzie Trading Co.

L'enquête
Le coroner du district de Roberval ouvre une enquête. À sa demande, la dépouille d'Auguste Lemieux est exhumée quelques semaines plus tard et ramenée à Roberval. Il sera identifié par sa veuve, puis examiné par la coroner Jules Constantin. À la suite de son examen, celui-ci conclut à un acte d'anthropophagie. La dépouille d'Auguste Lemieux est finalement inhumée le 22 juin 1908 à Mistassini.

Un avis de recherche est ensuite lancé par le chef de la police locale, afin de retrouver Gabriel Bernard et Joseph Grasset, dont on est sans nouvelles depuis l'automne 1907, et qui sont soupçonnés de meurtre. Joseph Grasset est localisé dès décembre 1908 à Fort Albany, en Ontario. Il y travaille à ce moment dans un poste de traite de Révillon Frères. Les recherches effectuées pour retrouver Gabriel Bernard sont toutefois infructueuses.

Le 8 avril 1909, Joseph Grasset comparaît à l'enquête du coroner de Roberval. Il y détaille sa version des faits. Selon lui, leur  voyage vers le nord se serait bien déroulé. Le trio se seraient installé à la jonction des rivières Obatogamau et Chibougamau, et y aurait pratiqué la chasse une partie de l'automne. À la mi-décembre, Gabriel Bernard et Auguste Lemieux seraient repartis pour le Lac-Saint-Jean afin de vendre les fourrures accumulées. Lors de sa déposition, Joseph Grasset affirme qu'il ne les a pas revus ensuite. Quant à lui, il raconte avoir souffert de la faim et du froid, avant d'être secouru par un Cri de la communauté de Waswanipi. Il y aurait passé l'hiver et raconte avoir quitté Waswanipi à la débâcle des glaces, avec une brigade de canots de la Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson. Il a ensuite rejoint Fort Albany et y aurait été engagé chez Revillon Frères.

Quelques mois plus tard, le corps de Gabriel Bernard est retrouvé dans les bois, à quelques kilomètres de la dépouille d'Auguste Lemieux. Lors de sa découverte, il est impossible de déterminer la cause de son décès. Quant à l'enquête sur le décès d'Auguste Lemieux, elle demeure sans suite. Joseph Grasset a quant à lui continué d'œuvrer pour Revillon Frères jusqu'en 1932, à Fort Albany, Payne Bay et Wakeham Bay.

Cannibalisme
Lors de la découverte de la dépouille d'Auguste Lemieux, la presse décrit en détail les mutilations du cadavre et le fait que certaines de ses parties sont manquantes. L'hypothèse que Lemieux ait été victime de cannibalisme est présente dès cette époque et évoquée par le coroner,. La découpe du corps n'est en effet pas compatible avec l'hypothèse selon laquelle des animaux aient pu se repaître de son cadavre après sa mort naturelle ou accidentelle.

Dans la culture populaire
L'affaire Lemieux est évoquée par Gladstone McKenzie dans le roman autobiographique L'Appel du Chibougamau, de Larry Wilson.

Selon Damase Potvin, cette affaire judiciaire serait probablement la source d'inspiration  de l'écrivain Louis Hémon pour la disparition tragique de François Paradis dans le roman Maria Chapdelaine. Louis Hémon a séjourné à Péribonka, village voisin de Mistassini, quelques années seulement après les faits.

Bibliographie

 Alain Hébert. François Paradis, ou le rêve d'Antonio. Sans âges, 1997.
 Hubert Mansion. Chibougamau, dernière liberté. Michel Brûlé, 2009.

Notes et références

Articles connexes

 Maria Chapdelaine
 Réserve faunique Ashuapmushuan
Poste de traite de l'Ashuapmushuan
L'Appel du Chibougamau

Histoire du Saguenay—Lac-Saint-Jean
Affaire criminelle au Québec
1908 au Québec
Histoire du Nord-du-Québec

Affaire Auguste Lemieux


John Lysaght Pennefather est un général britannique connu pour le rôle qu'il a joué dans les batailles de Miani et Inkerman.

Biographie
John Lysaght Pennefather est né en 1800 dans une famille de la petite noblesse irlandaise du comté de Tipperary. Il devient cornet, c'est-à-dire porte étendard, dans le 7th Dragoon Guards le , où il est promu lieutenant le  puis capitaine le . Il quitte son régiment en 1826 pour le 22nd Foot où il arrive le , toujours avec le grade de capitaine, avant d'y être promu major le . Après s'être marié en 1834 il est encore promu au rang de lieutenant-colonel le .

Jusqu'à cette date, Pennefather n'a été au combat et ce n'est qu'en 1843 qu'il est engagé dans sa première bataille, à Miani le . Commandant alors temporairement le régiment, il mène ses hommes jusqu'au cœur de la position baloutche, au prix toutefois de graves blessures qui lui vaudront les remerciements du parlement et de devenir compagnon de l'Ordre du Bain.

Après s'être remis de ses blessures, il devient à partir de 1846 aide de camp de la reine Victoria, fonction qu'il occupera jusqu'en 1853, tout en continuant de diriger le 22nd Foot jusqu'à sa démission de ce dernier poste en 1848. Parallèlement, il est également nommé en 1849 assistant au quartier-maître général du district de Cork.

Le , Pennefather est promu major général et envoyé en Crimée à la tête de la  brigade de la  division. Après s'être fait remarquer pour son commandement efficace à la bataille de l'Alma et le  lors d'une sortie des assiégés, il prend la charge de la  division en remplacement de Lacy Evans, qui est tombé malade. C'est à ce moment, le  que les Russes attaquent sa position : pendant la bataille d'Inkerman qui s'ensuit, Pennefather se montre particulièrement opiniâtre et, refusant de céder du terrain, il parvient à conserver sa position avantageuse sur les hauteurs puis, en envoyant toutes ses forces disponibles en avant, repousse les Russes.

Cette efficacité lui vaut d'être honoré par Lord Raglan et le général français Canrobert, ainsi que de remplacer définitivement Evans lorsque celui-ci rentre en Angleterre à la fin du mois. Après son départ de Crimée en , il est fait chevalier commandeur de l'Ordre du Bain et se voit confier la garnison de Malte jusqu'en 1860, puis celle d'Aldershot jusqu'en 1865. Après avoir été élevé au rang de grand-croix de l'Ordre du Bain le  il est encore promu général le  puis est nommé gouverneur de l'hôpital de Chelsea, où il meurt le .

Outre ses décorations britanniques, Pennefather a également reçu dans l'Ordre de la Légion d'honneur le rang de grand-officier et celui de commandeur dans l'Ordre des Saints-Maurice-et-Lazare, ainsi que celui de seconde classe de l'Ordre du Médjidié.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 .
 .

Liens externes

Naissance en septembre 1800
Général britannique du XIXe siècle
Militaire britannique de la guerre de Crimée
Chevalier grand-croix de l'ordre du Bain
Décès en mai 1872
Personnalité inhumée au cimetière de Brompton
Décès à 71 ans

John Lysaght Pennefather


Antianjinal, koroner kalp hastalığının bir semptomu olan anjina pektorisin tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçlara verilen isimdir.

Antianjinal ilaçlara örnek olarak bazı nitratlar (nitrogliserin ve isosorbit dinitrat gibi), kalsiyum kanal blokerleri (verapamil, nifedipin ve diltiazem gibi), beta blokerler (metoprolol ve propranolol gibi) verilebilir. Cilt ve mukozalardan absorbe edilirler. Biyotransformansları karaciğerde yapılır ve böbrekler aracılığıyla elimine edilirler.

Antianjinal


Star ile şu maddeler kastedilmiş olabilir:

Medya
 Star TV, Türk özel televizyon kanalı
 Star (gazete), Türkiye'de yayımlanan günlük, ulusal gazete
 Star Kıbrıs, Kuzey Kıbrıs'ta yayınlanan ulusal günlük gazete
 Star, 2016-2019 yılları arasında Fox'ta yayımlanan Amerikan televizyon dizisi

Kurumlar
 Star (Birleşik Krallık merkezli şirket), Birleşik Krallık merkezli motorlu araç üretim şirketi
 Star (Polonya merkezli şirket), Polonya merkezli kamyon üretim şirketi
 Star (marka), Durant Motors'a ait bir otomobil markası

Star


ChemSpider este o bază de date liberă ce conține informații despre compuși chimici. ChemSpider este proprietatea Royal Society of Chemistry.

Vezi și
 ChEBI
 DrugBank
 NIST
 PubChem

Referințe

Baze de date
Chimie teoretică

ChemSpider


An Pachyphyllum distichum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Sigismund Kunth. An Pachyphyllum distichum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pachyphyllum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pachyphyllum

Pachyphyllum distichum


Beuvron-en-Auge (, literally Beuvron in Auge) is a commune in the Calvados department and Normandy region of north-western France.

Beuvron is affiliated to Les Plus Beaux Villages de France ("the most beautiful villages of France"), an independent association of communes and communities of communes which seeks to promote as tourist destinations those small, picturesque French villages which meet its membership criteria.

In 2012, the commune began partnering with the Japanese city of Hirosaki in Aomori Prefecture, which accounts for 20% of Japan's apple production. The partnership aims to promote economic and touristic development by creating opportunities related to apples.

Population

See also
Communes of the Calvados department

References

External links
 A brief history of Beuvron-en-Auge's restoration in the 1970s to become one of the prettiest villages in France.

Communes of Calvados (department)
Plus Beaux Villages de France
Calvados communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia

Beuvron-en-Auge


A ketose is a monosaccharide containing one ketone group per molecule. The simplest ketose is dihydroxyacetone, which has only three carbon atoms. It is the only ketose with no optical activity. All monosaccharide ketoses are reducing sugars, because they can tautomerize into aldoses via an enediol intermediate, and the resulting aldehyde group can be oxidised, for example in the Tollens' test or Benedict's test. Ketoses that are bound into glycosides, for example in the case of the fructose moiety of sucrose, are nonreducing sugars.

Chemistry
Ketoses and aldoses can be chemically differentiated through Seliwanoff's test, where the sample is heated with acid and resorcinol. The test relies on the dehydration reaction which occurs more quickly in ketoses, so that while aldoses react slowly, producing a light pink color, ketoses react more quickly and strongly to produce a dark red color. Ketoses can isomerize to aldoses through the Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation.

Examples of ketoses

All ketoses listed here are 2-ketoses, in other words, the carbonyl group is on the second carbon atom from the end:
 Trioses: dihydroxyacetone
 Tetroses: erythrulose
 Pentoses: ribulose, xylulose
 Hexoses: fructose, psicose, sorbose, tagatose
 Heptoses: sedoheptulose
 Octoses: -manno-octulose (the basis for KDO)
 Nonoses: -glycero--galacto-nonulose (the basis for neuraminic acid)

References

Ketose


Et Budskab til Napoleon paa Elba er en dansk stumfilm fra 1909, der er instrueret af Viggo Larsen. Fotografier synes at vise, at filmen har været noget længere, eller at der har været en forsættelse af filmen. Den udgør imidlertid en helhed i den bevarede udgave.

Handling
En gruppe sammensvorne Napoleon-tilhængere beslutter af sende en budbringer til Napoleon på Elba med planerne for kejserens befrielse og tilbagevenden til tronen. En af de sammensvorne forråder planen, og man forfølger budbringeren, som dog ved den jævne befolknings hjælp undslipper farerne og når Elba. Her opdages han af en vagtpost, som skyder på ham. Skønt hårdt såret når han alligevel at få afleveret sit budskab til Napoleon, som takker ham.

Medvirkende
 Sofus Wolder - Budbringeren
 Viggo Larsen - Napoleon
 August Blom
 Axel Schultz
 Edmund Østerby
 Gudrun Kjerulf

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1909
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Stumfilm fra Danmark

Et Budskab til Napoleon paa Elba


زينب جلاليان  (1982 في ماكو، كردستان - 2009 في طهران، إيران) ناشطة كردية تبلغ من العمر 27 عامًا. حُكم عليها عام 2009 بالإعدام شنقاً بتهمة «محاربة الله ورسوله».في إيران.

تُعد زينب عضوًا في منظمة حياة كردستان الحرة «بيجاك» التي تمارس العمل المسلح، وهي منظمة مقربة من حزب العمال الكردستاني التركي «بي كي كي» والتي بدورها نفت التهمة وأن تكون قد مارست أي عمل مسلح، مؤكدةً أن عملها كان ينحصر في الأنشطة الثقافية والدعائية.

وصلات خارجية

 Zeynab Jalalian's Brother: "We haven't heard from her for a month." RAHANA, June 26, 2010
 I ask Ayatollah Khamenei to intervene in Zeinab Jalalian's case, says lawyer Int'l Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, July 1, 2010
 Save Zeinab Jalalian! at United for Iran
 facebook group

مراجع

العنف ضد المرأة في إيران
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أكراد إيران
سجناء حكموا بالإعدام في إيران
سجناء ومعتقلون إيرانيون
ضحايا تعذيب إيرانيون
مواليد 1982
مواليد في ماكو
ناشطون إيرانيون
نساء إيرانيات

زينب جلاليان


New Holland est un village américain situé dans les comtés de Fayette et de Pickaway, dans l'Ohio. Selon le recensement de 2010, sa population est de .

Liens externes

Village dans l'Ohio
Comté de Fayette (Ohio)
Comté de Pickaway

New Holland (Ohio)


El Baúl ist ein Dorf im venezolanischen Bundesstaat Cojedes.

Geschichte
Der Ort wurde am 1. Mai 1744 vom Priester Pedro José Villanueva gegründet. Der erste Name des Ortes am Fluss Tinacón war San Miguel Arcángel. Später wurde er El Baúl genannt.

Wirtschaft
Die Landwirtschaft spielt die dominierende Rolle.

Feste
Am 2. Februar (Mariä Lichtmess) findet das Dorffest zu Ehren der Virgen de la Candelaria statt.

Persönlichkeiten
 Jorge Mayer (* 20. November 1915 in San Miguel Arcángel; † 25. Dezember 2010 in Bahía Blanca), römisch-katholischer Erzbischof von Bahía Blanca

Weblinks
 Página oficial de la Alcaldía de Girardot.
 Bevölkerungsschätzungen

Ort in Cojedes
Gegründet 1744

El Baúl (Venezuela)


"Wilhelmus van Nassouwe", ya da yalnızca "Wilhelmus" (Felemenkçe: het Wilhelmus;), Hollanda Krallığı'nın ulusal marşıdır. Aslen halk türküsü olan eserin geçmişi 1572 yılına kadar gitmekte, bu durum da bu eseri dünyanın en eski ulusal marşı yapmaktadır. Wilhelmus 1932 yılına dek resmen ulusal marş sayılmasa da halk tarafından tarih boyunca zaman zaman ulusal değerleri gündeme getirmek için kullanılmıştır. Eser 1954-1964 yılları arasında Hollanda Antilleri'nin de resmi ulusal marşıydı. Günümüzde şarkının sözlerinde bulunan bazı ifadeler Hollanda değerleriyle (Felemenkçe: Nederlandse identiteit) bağdaşmadığı gerekçesiyle eleştirilse de sevilen bir halk türküsü olmaya devam etmektedir.

"Wilhelmus"un kökeni Felemenk Ayaklanması'na dayanmaktadır. İspanyol İmparatorluğu'ndan bağımsız olmaya çalışan Hollandalıların önderi ve ulusun babası kabul edilen stadhouder Sessiz Willem'i konu edinmektedir. Birinci ağızdan önce Willem kendisini tanıtmakta, krala sadık olduğunu, ancak bunun vidanını rahatsız ettiğini zira bunun tanrıya ve Hollanda halkına olan sadakatini tehlikeye soktuğunu ifade eder. Willem kendisini Talut'un zulmüne karşı mücadele eden Davut ile benzeştirir. Tanrı zalim kralı yenerek İsrailoğullarının krallığını nasıl elde ettiyse, Willem de zalim İspanyol Kralı'nı yenerek Hollandalıların krallığını elde edecektir. Hem "Wilhelmus" hem de Felemenk Ayaklanması 16. yüzyıl Avrupası'ndaki Reform hareketleriyle birlikte değerlendirilmelidir. Engizisyon'un Felemenk bölgesindeki protestan ve reformistlere yönelik zulmü ayyuka çıkmıştı. Protest müziği sadece baskı altındaki tüccar ve asilzadeleri etkilemekle kalmamış, toplumsal bir sinerji de yaratmıştır. Mezmur karakterini politik mesajıyla birleştirmesi eserin özgünlüğünün yanı sıra geniş kitlelerce beğenilmesini de sağlamıştır.

Doğuşu

Melodinin doğuşu
"Wilhelmus"un melodisi çok bilinen "Autre chanson de la ville de Chartres assiégée par le prince de Condé" veya kısaca "Chartres" adlı Fransız katolik bir kilise şarkısından almıştır. Söz konusu şarkı Fransız Din Savaşları sırasında Chartres kalesini alamayan kalvenist protestan Condé Prensi Louis ile dalga geçmektedir. "Wilhelmus"ta ise bu beceriksizlikleri anlatan kısımlar tam tersine çevrilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Hollandalı protestanlar, protestan karşıtı satirik bir şarkıyı alarak protestan propagandası yapan epik bir şarkıya çevirmişlerdir. Bu bakımdan da "Wilhelmus", zamanının ruhuna uygun bir şarkıdır zira 16. yüzyılda karşıt grupların birbirlerinin şarkılarını çalarak değiştirmesi çok yaygın bir uygulamaydı.

Melodinin başlangıcı 1568 yılına kadar gitse de kağıda dökülüşü 1574 yılında olmuştur ve o zamanki melodi daha hızlıydı. Bugün bilinen kompozisyon Hollandalı bestekâr Adriaen Valerius tarafından yazılmıştır ve 1626 tarihli "Nederlantsche Gedenck-clanck" eserinde "Wilhelmus" adıyla yayınlanmıştır. Bu kayıt eserin temposunu, muhtemelen kilisede kolay çalınabilmesi açısından, yavaşlatmıştır. Kompozisyon son aranjmanı 1932 yılında Walther Boer tarafından yapılmıştır.

Sözlerin doğuşu
Sözlerin nasıl ortaya çıktığı tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bununla birlikte Seksen Yıl Savaşları'nın başlangıcıyla 1 Nisan 1572 yılındaki Brielle zaferi arasında yazıldığı bilinmektedir. Bu durumda eser yaklaşık 450 yaşındadır. Eser, kayda geçirildiği sıradaki halini aldığında tahminen ya Anvers belediye başkanı, politikacı ve yazar Philips van Marnix tarafından ya da politikacı ve teolog Dirck Coornhert tarafından yazılmıştır. Ancak herhangi bir çağdaş kayıt her iki isimden de söz etmemektedir. "Wilhelmus"te ilginç uyaklar da bulunmaktadır. Zaman zaman bazı heceler dile aykırı olarak, uyak yakalamak amacıyla bozulmuştur. Bu durum bazı edebiyatçılar tarafından tecrübeli şairler tarafından yazıldığı izlenimi uyandırmakta, Marnix ya da Coornhert olasılığını güçlendirmektedir. Buna karşın bazıları da bu durumu tam tersine yazarın tecrübesiz olduğuna, hatta yalnızca tek seferliğine bu sözleri yazarak tarihten kaybolduğuna kanıt olarak görmektedir. "Wilhelmus" ilk kez Fransızca'ya 1582 yılında çevrilmiştir.

Yakın zamanda yapılan stilometrik araştırmalar olası yazarlar arasına Petrus Dathenus adını eklemiştir. Hollandalı ve Flaman araştırmacılar (Meertens Enstitüsü, Utrecht Üniversitesi ve Anvers Üniversitesi) sözlerin yazılış tarzları ve genel üslup bakımından Dathenus'un eserleriyle ciddi benzerlikler tespit etmişlerdir.

Yapısı ve yorumlanması
Sözler on beş kıtadan oluşmaktadır. Sözlerde akrostiş bulunmakta, her bir kıtanın ilk harfleri birleştirildiğinde, Sessiz Willem'in unvansız ismi olan "Willem van Nassov" ortaya çıkmaktadır. Nassov, Nassau'nun o dönemde kullanılan bir biçimidir. 12. ve 13. kıtalar eskiden S harfiyle yazılan kelimeler bugün Z harfiyle yazılmaktadır.

Çağdaşı olan birçok eser gibi "Wilhelmus" karmaşık bir edebi yapıya sahip, tematik bir eserdir. Dizeler incil hikâyeleriyle yazıldığı dönemi iç içe aktarmakta 8. kıtaya gelindiğinde Davut'un mücadelesiyle Felemenk Ayaklanmasını bağdaştırmaktadır.

Birinci ağızdan anlatıyla Willem kralına sadık kalmakla birlikte, tanrıya ve Hollanda halkına karşı sorumluluklarını yerine getiremediği için vicdan azabı çektiğini söyler.  Sondaki iki kıta da Hollandalıların İspanya Kralı II. Felipe'ye karşı şahsi bir mesele taşımadıklarını, ancak bölgede görev yapan İspanyol memurların zulmüne daha fazla katlanamadıklarını anlatır. Bunlar Fernando Alvarez ve 3. Alba Dükü'ydü ve 16. yüzyılda meşru kraldan şüphe etmek tanrıyı yok saymakla eşdeğer tutulmaktaydı. Yine de  1581 yılında Hollanda Cumhuriyeti Ayrılık Yasası'nı kabul ettiğinde Kral'ın meşruiyeti inkâr edilmiş oldu.

"Duytschen" ifadesi "yerli" ya da "Cermen" anlamına gelmektedir ve Willem'in Cermen köklerine vurgu yapmaktadır. Kelimenin bugünkü karşılığı Duits'tür ve "Alman" anlamına gelir. Bu kelimenin kullanılm nedeni Willem'in meşruiyetini hem asıl kökü olan Almanya'daki Nassau hanesine vurgu yaparak hem de hala Kutsal Roma İmparatorluğu'nun bir parçası olduklarını ifade ederek sağlamaktır. Bununla birlikte kelimenin "yerli" anlamıyla kullanılıyor olma olasılığı da mevcuttur. Bu görüşe göre Willem'in iyi bir Hollandalı olduğu dile getiriliyor olabilir. Her iki halde de yeni Hollanda prensi kendi meşruiyetini Roma'dan değil Cermen soyundan almakta, her ihtimale karşı Oranj Prensi unvanını da korumaktadır.

İcrası

Tarihçe
Eser tarih sahnesine ilk olarak Felemenk Ayaklanması sırasında çıkmıştır. 1573 Haarlem kuşatmasında ve 1578 yılında Willem'in Brüksel'e girişi sırasında söylendiği işitilmiştir.

Sessiz Willem'in suikastçısı Balthasar Gérard'a işkence edildiği sırada muhafızlar tarafından söylendiği iddia edilmektedir. Kızdırılmış domuz yağı vücuduna dökülürken şarkıyı söyleyen muhafızlara şu şekilde cevap verdiği kaydedilmiştir: "Söyleyin şarkınızı! Hollandalı kafirler! Söyleyin şarkınızı! Ama şunu bilin ki yakında benim şarkım söylenecek!"

Başka bir söylenceye göre 1651 Seyir Yasası'nın yürürlüğe girmesinin ardından, Manş Denizi'nde yaşanan bir olayda, İngiliz kaptan Robert Blake Hollandalı tayfadan Hollanda bandırasını indirmelerini istemiştir. Kaptan Maarten Tromp'un talebi reddetmesinin üzerine yapılan ilk uyarı atışını takiben Hollandalılar "Wilhelmus"ü söylemeye başlamıştır. Şarkının bitmesine yakın üçüncü İngiliz uyarı atışı yapılınca kaptan Tromp karşı top atışı emrini vermiş ve Birinci İngiliz-Hollanda Savaşı bu şekilde başlamıştır.

Felemenk Altın Çağı sırasında, şarkı Oranj-Nassau yanlıları tarafından sembol olarak kullanılmıştır. Stadhouder Morris Breda ve Amsterdam'ı ziyaret ettiğinde orkestralar "Wilhelmus"u icra etmiş stadhouderların karşılanmasında bir çeşit gelenek haline gelmiştir. Batavya devriminden sonra eser "Prens Marşı" adıyla anılmış ve Oranj-Nassau destekçileri tarafından kullanıldığı için yasaklanmıştır.

1813 yılında şarkıdan Wilhelmus ifadesi çıkarılarak monarşi vurgusu yok edilmiş ve eser daha "ulusal" bir hal almıştır. 1932 yılında ise Wilhelmus ifadesi geri getirilerek monarşi vurgusu yeniden ortaya konmuştur.

Alman işgali sırasında Nazi Reichskommissar Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Hollanda kraliyetine ilişkin, "Wilhelmus" dahil tüm amblem ve ifadeleri yasaklamıştır. Bu olayın üzerine "Wilhelmus", önceden şarkıyı kıyasıya eleştiren monarşi karşıtı sosyalistler dahil olmak üzere tüm kesimler tarafından benimsenmiştir. Buna karşılık her toplantı öncesi "Wilhelmus" söyleyen Alman işgali yanlısı Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging (NSB) üyeleri toplantılarını Alle Man van Neerlans Stam (Herkes Hollanda Kökenli) şarkısıyla açmaya başlamıştır.

Günümüz

"Wilhelmus" genelde seromonilerde yalnızca bir kez çalınmaktadır. Eğer yabancı devlet başkanları ağırlanıyorsa son şarkı olarak çalınır.

Dünya Kupası, Eurocup ve Olimpiyatlar gibi organizasyonlarda Hollanda'yı temsilen "Wilhelmus" çalınır. Bu durumda 1. ve 6. kıtalar birer kez ya da 1. kıta iki kez söylenir.

Varyantları
17. yüzyıl sanatçısı Jacob van Eyck tarafından melodinin çeşitli carillon varyantları aranje edilmiştir.

Lüksemburg'un kraliyet marşı "de Wilhelmus" da aynı olaylar dizisinden kaynaklanmaktadır.

Melodi, İngilizce sözlerle, Hollanda'yla tarihsel ve duygusal bağları bulunan Orange City halkı tarafından da kullanılmaktadır.

Melodi, popülerleşmesinin ardından 16. yüzyılda İsveç'te Gustav Vasa'ya karşı kurtuluş savaşı veren halk tarafından "Ack, Göta konungarike" (Ah, Got krallığı) adıyla uyarlanmıştır.

Sözleri

 {| class="wikitable"
|Een nieuw Christelick Liedt gemaect ter eeren des Doorluchtichsten Heeren, Heere Wilhelm Prince van Oraengien, Grave van Nassou, Patris Patriae, mijnen Genaedigen Forsten ende Heeren. Waer van deerste Capitael letteren van elck veers syner Genaedigen Forstens name metbrengen. Na de wijse van Chartres.
|Soylu Lord, Oranj Prensi, Nassau Kontu, Ulusumuzun Babası, latif beyimiz Willem şerefine yeni bir Hristiyan şarkısı yazıldı. O şarkı ki her kıtasının ilk harfi merhametli beyimizin adını oluşturmaktadır. Melodisi Chartre'dır.
|}
Original Dutch (1568)

Wilhelmus van Nassouwe
Ben ick van Duytschen bloet
Den Vaderlant getrouwe
Blyf ick tot in den doet:
Een Prince van Oraengien
Ben ick vrij onverveert,
Den Coninck van Hispaengien
Heb ick altijt gheeert.

In Godes vrees te leven
Heb ick altyt betracht,
Daerom ben ick verdreven
Om Landt om Luyd ghebracht:
Maer God sal mij regeren
Als een goet Instrument,
Dat ick zal wederkeeren
In mijnen Regiment.

Lydt u myn Ondersaten
Die oprecht zyn van aert,
Godt sal u niet verlaten
Al zijt ghy nu beswaert:
Die vroom begheert te leven
Bidt Godt nacht ende dach,
Dat hy my cracht wil gheven
Dat ick u helpen mach.

Lyf en goet al te samen
Heb ick u niet verschoont,
Mijn broeders hooch van Namen
Hebbent u oock vertoont:
Graef Adolff is ghebleven
In Vriesland in den slaech,
Syn Siel int ewich Leven
Verwacht den Jongsten dach.

Edel en Hooch gheboren
Van Keyserlicken Stam:
Een Vorst des Rijcks vercoren
Als een vroom Christen man,
Voor Godes Woort ghepreesen
Heb ick vrij onversaecht,
Als een Helt sonder vreesen
Mijn edel bloet ghewaecht.

Mijn Schilt ende betrouwen
Sijt ghy, o Godt mijn Heer,
Op u soo wil ick bouwen
Verlaet mij nimmermeer:
Dat ick doch vroom mach blijven
V dienaer taller stondt,
Die Tyranny verdrijven,
Die my mijn hert doorwondt.

Van al die my beswaren,
End mijn Vervolghers zijn,
Mijn Godt wilt doch bewaren
Den trouwen dienaer dijn:
Dat sy my niet verrasschen
In haren boosen moet,
Haer handen niet en wasschen
In mijn onschuldich bloet.

Als David moeste vluchten
Voor Saul den Tyran:
Soo heb ick moeten suchten
Met menich Edelman:
Maer Godt heeft hem verheven
Verlost uit alder noot,
Een Coninckrijk ghegheven
In Israel seer groot.

Na tsuer sal ick ontfanghen
Van Godt mijn Heer dat soet,
Daer na so doet verlanghen
Mijn Vorstelick ghemoet:
Dat is dat ick mach sterven
Met eeren in dat Velt,
Een eewich Rijck verwerven
Als een ghetrouwe Helt.

Niet doet my meer erbarmen
In mijnen wederspoet,
Dan dat men siet verarmen
Des Conincks Landen goet,
Dat van de Spaengiaerts crencken
O Edel Neerlandt soet,
Als ick daer aen ghedencke
Mijn Edel hert dat bloet.

Als een Prins op gheseten
Met mijner Heyres cracht,
Van den Tyran vermeten
Heb ick den Slach verwacht,
Die by Maestricht begraven
Bevreesden mijn ghewelt,
Mijn ruyters sach men draven.
Seer moedich door dat Velt.

Soo het den wille des Heeren
Op die tyt had gheweest,
Had ick gheern willen keeren
Van v dit swear tempeest:
Maer de Heer van hier boven
Die alle dinck regeert.
Diemen altijd moet loven
En heeftet niet begheert.

Seer Prinslick was ghedreven
Mijn Princelick ghemoet,
Stantvastich is ghebleven
Mijn hert in teghenspoet,
Den Heer heb ick ghebeden
Van mijnes herten gront,
Dat hy mijn saeck wil reden,
Mijn onschult doen bekant.

Oorlof mijn arme Schapen
Die zijt in grooten noot,
V Herder sal niet slapen
Al zijt ghy nu verstroyt:
Tot Godt wilt v begheven,
Syn heylsaem Woort neemt aen,
Als vrome Christen leven,
Tsal hier haest zijn ghedaen.

Voor Godt wil ick belijden
End zijner grooter Macht,
Dat ick tot gheenen tijden
Den Coninck heb veracht:
Dan dat ick Godt den Heere
Der hoochster Maiesteyt,
Heb moeten obedieren,
Inder gherechticheyt.

Acrostic
WILLEM VAN NASSOVContemporary Dutch

Wilhelmus van Nassouwe
ben ik, van Duitsen bloed,
den vaderland getrouwe
blijf ik tot in den dood.
Een Prinse van Oranje
ben ik, vrij onverveerd,
den Koning van Hispanje
heb ik altijd geëerd.

In Godes vrees te leven
heb ik altijd betracht,
daarom ben ik verdreven,
om land, om luid gebracht.
Maar God zal mij regeren
als een goed instrument,
dat ik zal wederkeren
in mijnen regiment.

Lijdt u, mijn onderzaten
die oprecht zijt van aard,
God zal u niet verlaten,
al zijt gij nu bezwaard.
Die vroom begeert te leven,
bidt God nacht ende dag,
dat Hij mij kracht zal geven,
dat ik u helpen mag.

Lijf en goed al te samen
heb ik u niet verschoond,
mijn broeders hoog van namen
hebben 't u ook vertoond:
Graaf Adolf is gebleven
in Friesland in de slag,
zijn ziel in 't eeuwig leven
verwacht de jongste dag.

Edel en hooggeboren,
van keizerlijke stam,
een vorst des rijks verkoren,
als een vroom christenman,
voor Godes woord geprezen,
heb ik, vrij onversaagd,
als een held zonder vreze
mijn edel bloed gewaagd.

Mijn schild ende betrouwen
zijt Gij, o God mijn Heer,
op U zo wil ik bouwen,
verlaat mij nimmermeer.
Dat ik doch vroom mag blijven,
uw dienaar t'aller stond,
de tirannie verdrijven
die mij mijn hart doorwondt.

Van al die mij bezwaren
en mijn vervolgers zijn,
mijn God, wil doch bewaren
de trouwe dienaar dijn,
dat zij mij niet verrassen
in hunne boze moed,
hun handen niet en wassen
in mijn onschuldig bloed.

Als David moeste vluchten
voor Sauel den tiran,
zo heb ik moeten zuchten
als menig edelman.
Maar God heeft hem verheven,
verlost uit alder nood,
een koninkrijk gegeven
in Israël zeer groot.

Na 't zuur zal ik ontvangen
van God mijn Heer het zoet,
daarnaar zo doet verlangen
mijn vorstelijk gemoed:
dat is, dat ik mag sterven
met ere in dat veld,
een eeuwig rijk verwerven
als een getrouwe held.

Niets doet mij meer erbarmen
in mijne wederspoed
dan dat men ziet verarmen
des Konings landen goed.
Dat u de Spanjaards krenken,
o edel Neerland zoet,
als ik daaraan gedenke,
mijn edel hart dat bloedt.

Als een prins opgezeten
met mijner heireskracht,
van de tiran vermeten
heb ik de slag verwacht,
die, bij Maastricht begraven,
bevreesden mijn geweld;
mijn ruiters zag men draven
zeer moedig door dat veld.

Zo het de wil des Heren
op die tijd was geweest,
had ik geern willen keren
van u dit zwaar tempeest.
Maar de Heer van hierboven,
die alle ding regeert,
die men altijd moet loven,
Hij heeft het niet begeerd.

Zeer christlijk was gedreven
mijn prinselijk gemoed,
standvastig is gebleven
mijn hart in tegenspoed.
De Heer heb ik gebeden
uit mijnes harten grond,
dat Hij mijn zaak wil redden,
mijn onschuld maken kond.

Oorlof, mijn arme schapen
die zijt in grote nood,
uw herder zal niet slapen,
al zijt gij nu verstrooid.
Tot God wilt u begeven,
zijn heilzaam woord neemt aan,
als vrome christen leven,—
't zal hier haast zijn gedaan.

Voor God wil ik belijden
en zijne grote macht,
dat ik tot gene tijden
de Koning heb veracht,
dan dat ik God de Here,
de hoogste Majesteit,
heb moeten obediëren
in de gerechtigheid.

WILLEM VAN NAZZOVTürkçesi (Günümüz Felemenkçesi'nden)

Nassaulu Willem ben
Kanım Cermen kanıdır,
Kendimi, sevgili anayurdum
sana adadım ölünceye kadar
Yiğit bir prensiyim ben
Özgür Oranj'ın
sadakatimi adadım ben
İspanya Kralı'na

Ah tanrı korkusuyla
yaşadım ömür boyu
halk, ev ve vatan sevgisiyle
sürüldüm yurdumdan
Ama şüphem yok tanrının
Adaletli yargısından
Günü gelince bahşedecek
Devletimi layığıyla

Sadakatle baksın her kulum
hepsi doğru ve iyi olsun
Tanrı sana hakkını verir
Şimdi vatanından uzak da olsan
Gece gündüz dua etmeli
İnançlı şekilde yaşayan
Sizin hakkınızı korumam için
Tanrı güç verecek bana

Sen baki kalasın diye
Feda ettim kendimi
kardeşlerim de inançla
feda ettiler kendilerini
Frizya'da savaş meydanında
kaldı Kont Adolf, ne yazık
şimdi ebedi hayatında
mahşer gününü bekler

Asilzade doğdum ben
İmparatorlar soyundan
İmparatorluk'un bir prensi
İnançlı bir Hristiyan
Tanrının övgüsüne mazhar
Yağız ve korkusuz
bir kahraman olarak
asil kanım tanrıya fedadır

U shield and my reliance,
O God, Thou ever wert.
I'll trust unto Thy guidance.
O leave me not ungirt.
That I may stay a pious
Servant of Thine for aye
And drive the plagues that try us
And tyranny away.

Dy God, I pray thee, save me
From all who do pursue
And threaten to enslave me,
Thy trusted servant true.
O Father, do not sanction
Their wicked, foul design,
Don't let them wash their hands in
This guiltless blood of mine.

A David, thou soughtest shelter
From King Saul's tyranny.
Even so I fled this welter
And many a lord with me.
But God the Lord did save me
From exile and its hell
And, in His mercy, gave him
A realm in Israel.

Near not 't will rain sans ceasing
The clouds are bound to part.
I bide that sight so pleasing
Unto my princely heart,
Which is that I with honor
Encounter death in war,
And meet in heaven my Donor,
His faithful warrior.

Wothing so moves my pity
As seeing through these lands,
Field, village, town and city
Pillaged by roving hands.
O that the Spaniards rape thee,
My Netherlands so sweet,
The thought of that does grip me
Causing my heart to bleed.

İ stride on steed of mettle
I've waited with my host
The tyrant's call to battle,
Who durst not do his boast.
For, near Maastricht ensconced,
He feared the force I wield.
My horsemen saw one bounce it
Bravely across the field.

Lurely, if God had willed it,
When that fierce tempest blew,
My power would have stilled it,
Or turned its blast from you
But He who dwells in heaven,
Whence all our blessings flow,
For which aye praise be given,
Did not desire it so.

Lteadfast my heart remaineth
In my adversity
My princely courage straineth
All nerves to live and be.
I've prayed the Lord my Master
With fervid heart and tense
To save me from disaster
And prove my innocence.

Elas! my flock. To sever
Is hard on us. Farewell.
Your Shepherd wakes, wherever
Dispersed you may dwell,
Pray God that He may ease you.
His Gospel be your cure.
Walk in the steps of Jesu
This life will not endure.

Mnto the Lord His power
I do confession make
That ne'er at any hour
Ill of the King I spake.
But unto God, the greatest
Of Majesties I owe
Obedience first and latest,
For Justice wills it so.

WILLIAM OF NASSAU

Kaynakça

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Wilhelmus


Kerstin Rudek (* 16. Januar 1968 in Dannenberg) ist eine deutsche Anti-Atomkraft-Aktivistin.

Leben
Kerstin Rudek besuchte die Grundschule Prisser und das Fritz-Reuter-Gymnasium in Dannenberg. Sie lebt im Wendland, ist Mutter von sechs Kindern und Politikwissenschaftlerin.

Sie war Mitglied der 15. Bundesversammlung 2012 und wurde dafür als Anti-Atom-Aktivistin von der Partei Die Linke in Niedersachsen nominiert. Im September 2018 war sie, unterstützt von amerikanischen NGOs, als Referentin drei Wochen an der Ostküste der USA sowie in Texas auf Atommüll-Vortragsreise und hielt dort Vorträge, nahm an Pressekonferenzen und Veranstaltungen, sowie einer Infotour mit einem Castor-Modell und diversen Veranstaltungen teil.

Rudek ist Autorin von Beiträgen in Zeitschriften, Zeitungen, von Buchbeiträgen und dem Blog der Bürgerinitiative Umweltschutz Lüchow-Dannenberg. Sie ist Interviewpartnerin in Zeitungsartikeln, Radiosendungen und Fernsehbeiträgen. Das Gorleben-Archiv veröffentlichte ein Zeitzeugen-Interview mit Kerstin Rudek.

Rudek ist Referentin über die Atom- und Atommüllproblematik und den Jahrzehnte währenden Protest im Wendland und ist Teilnehmerin und Moderatorin von Podiumsdiskussionen.

Aktivitäten in der Bürgerinitiative

Als 1982 rund 10.000 Menschen gegen das im Bau befindliche Zwischenlager Gorleben demonstrierten, nahm sie das erste Mal an einer Anti-Atom-Demo teil. Von 2007 bis 2012 war Rudek Vorsitzende der Bürgerinitiative Umweltschutz Lüchow-Dannenberg. In dieser Funktion war Rudek Interviewpartnerin und Sprachrohr der Bürgerinitiative und häufig in den Medien - auch international - vertreten. Im August 2009 war sie Mitinitiatorin der Anti-Atom-Trecks nach Berlin.

Rudek ist Rednerin auf vielen Anti-Atomkraft-Veranstaltungen. In zahlreichen Interviews kritisierte Rudek unter anderem die Berechnungsmethoden des zuständigen Ministeriums. Der Grenzwert für Radioaktivität in Gorleben könne "nur mit Schmu und Betrug niedrig gehalten werden" so Rudek.

Im Vorfeld des 12. Castor-Transportes warb Rudek gemeinsam mit der Gewerkschaft der Polizei (GdP) für einen friedlichen und gewaltfreien Verlauf der Demonstrationen.

Aktivitäten bei Don't Nuke The Climate
Mit der internationalen Kampagne Don't Nuke The Climate war Rudek auf den Weltklimakonferenzen in Paris (2015), Bonn (2017), und Katowice (2018) vertreten.

Internationale Vernetzung
Über Jahrzehnte hinweg ist Rudek mit anderen Personen und Organisationen des weltweiten Anti-Atom-Protestes international vernetzt.

Auszeichnungen
Rudek wurde für ihr jahrzehntelanges Engagement bei Anti-Atom-Protesten und im Umweltschutz 2020 von den Elektrizitätswerken Schönau als Schönauer Stromrebellin ausgezeichnet.

Publikationen
 Gorlebener TurmbesetzerInnen (Autor): Leben im Atomstaat. Im atomaren Ausstiegspoker ist unser Widerstand der Joker, Eigenverlag 1996, ISBN 3-9281-1706-8

Weblinks

 handelsblatt.com: Scharmützel um den Castor, 26. November 2011, Abgerufen am 31. März 2012
 coloRadio Das freie Radio in Dresden: Interview mit Kerstin Rudek zum Baustopp in Gorleben? Abgerufen am 31. März 2012
 faz.net: Birkner will Erkundung von Endlager aussetzen , 6. Februar 2012 Abgerufen am 31. März 2012

Einzelnachweise

Gorleben
Wendland
Dannenberg (Elbe)
Aktivist
Antiatomkraftbewegung in Deutschland
Person (Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1968
Frau

Kerstin Rudek


Inyan  (Iya), Inyan je iskonski duh kamena u mitologiji Lakota i Dakota. Ponekad je poznat i kao Tunkashila ili Tunka, "djed". Inyan često predstavlja tradicionalne načine, pravdu i zemlju. Zabilježene su neke legende Dakota Siouxa u kojima se kaže da je otac varalice Ikto'mija, ali to su neobične priče i Inyan se obično ne personificira u mitologiji Siouxa.

Postoje i neke priče koje tvrde da je Inyan dobar bog stijene, dok je Iya zao bog stijene. To definitivno nije točno. Inyan i Iya potpuno su isto ime-- koje doslovno znači "Stijena"-- napisano u dvije različite Sioux ortografije. Kao i svi sveti duhovi prirode u mitologiji Lakota i Dakota, Inyan nije ni dobar ni zao... on jednostavno ono što jest.

Izvori

Indijanska mitologija (duhovi)
Mitologija Sijuksa

Inyan


Men det var godt betalt er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1983 instrueret af Erik Skibsted efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Filmen er lavet for at forberede unge på, at arbejde kan indebære risici både på kort og langt sigt, og at det indgår i deres holdning til arbejdet. "Da jeg gik ud af skolen, tænkte jeg kun på at tjene nogle penge og tænkte ikke særlig meget på det der med sikkerhed og miljø. Det var bare nogle "kugler", der skulle tjenes." Sådan starter Kurts beretning om arbejdet på en galvaniseringsanstalt. Senere beretter automekanikeren om sin dårlige ryg, lærlingen om, da han mistede sin "paryk" ved en boremaskine, og smeden om, hvad der skete, da han havde lagt sikkerhedsbrillerne fra sig.

Medvirkende

 Ole Thestrup

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1983

Men det var godt betalt