The 2nd Mounted Division was a yeomanry (Territorial Army cavalry) division that served in the First World War.  At the outbreak of war it was assigned to defence of the Norfolk coast. In March 1915 it formed a 2nd Line duplicate of itself, the 2/2nd Mounted Division. Leaving the 2/2nd on coastal defence, it then fought at Gallipoli from April to December 1915, under the command of Major General William Peyton, before being disbanded in January 1916.

A different 2nd Mounted Division, was formed in Egypt in 1918 from the Indian elements of the 5th Cavalry Division in France, but then renumbered as the 5th Cavalry Division, served in Palestine and was a part of the Palestine Occupation Force.

History

Formation
A decision was made to form a new mounted division from the mounted brigades in and around the Churn area of Berkshire.  On 2 September 1914, 2nd Mounted Division, with Headquarters at Goring, came into being with three mounted brigades transferred from 1st Mounted Division (1st South Midland Mounted Brigade at Newbury, 2nd South Midland Mounted Brigade at Churn and the Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Mounted Brigade at South Stoke) and the London Mounted Brigade at Streatley.  The brigades were relatively widely dispersed to allow an adequate water supply for the horses and to provide sufficient training areas.

In November 1914, the division moved to Norfolk on coastal defence duties.  Headquarters was established at Hanworth and the mounted brigades were at King's Lynn (1st South Midland), Fakenham (2nd South Midland), Holt (Notts. and Derby.) and Hanworth (London).

Egypt
In March 1915, the division was put on warning for overseas service.  In early April, the division starting leaving Avonmouth and the last elements landed at Alexandria before the end of the month.  By the middle of May, the Divisional Headquarters, the 2nd South Midland Mounted Brigade and Notts. and Derby. Mounted Brigade were at Cairo, the 1st South Midland Mounted Brigade was at Alexandria, and the London Mounted Brigade and the horse artillery batteries were near Ismaïlia on Suez Canal defences.  The mounted brigades were numbered at this time.

On 10 August 1915, the division was reorganized as a dismounted formation in preparation for service at Gallipoli.  Each Yeomanry Regiment left a squadron headquarters and two troops (about 100 officers and men) in Egypt to look after the horses.  The artillery batteries and ammunition columns, signal troops, mobile veterinary sections, Mounted Brigade Transport and Supply Columns and two of the Field Ambulances were also left behind in Egypt.  The Yeomanry Mounted Brigade, which was formed in Egypt in January 1915, was likewise dismounted and joined the division on 13 August as a fifth brigade.  The division entrained for Alexandria on 13 August, sailed the next day and reached Mudros on 17 August.  It landed at Suvla Bay that night.

Gallipoli
The division landed at "A" Beach, Suvla Bay on the night of 17 August / morning of 18 August and moved into reserve positions at Lala Baba on the night of 20 August. On 21 August it advanced to Chocolate Hill under heavy fire and took part in the attack on Hill 112.

Due to losses during the Battle of Scimitar Hill and wastage during August 1915, the division had to be reorganised. On 4 September 1915, the 1st Composite Mounted Brigade was formed from the 1st, 2nd and 5th Mounted Brigades, and the 2nd Composite Mounted Brigade from the 3rd and 4th Mounted Brigades.  Each dismounted brigade formed a battalion sized unit, for example, 1st South Midland Regiment (Warwickshire, Gloucestershire and Worcestershire Yeomanry).

The Scottish Horse Mounted Brigade landed as Suvla on 2 September and joined the division.  Likewise, the Highland Mounted Brigade joined the division after landing on 26 September.  Both brigades were dismounted in the UK before sailing directly for Gallipoli.

Return to Egypt
The division returned to Egypt from Gallipoli in December 1915 and was reformed and remounted.  The artillery batteries and other units left in Egypt rejoined the division between 10 and 20 December 1915.  However, the dismemberment of the division began almost immediately as units were posted to the Western Frontier Force or to various other commands.

1st South Midland Mounted Brigade left the division on 3 and 4 January 1916 for Es Salhia.  The brigade served as Corps Troops in Egypt from 21 January 1916.  On 31 March 1916, the remaining Mounted Brigades were numbered in a single sequence.  As a consequence, the 1st South Midland Mounted Brigade was redesignated as 5th Mounted Brigade on 20 April.  It joined the Imperial Mounted Division in January 1917.
2nd South Midland Mounted Brigade left the division on 17 January 1916 and was sent to the Western Frontier of Egypt as an independent formation.  It was redesignated as 6th Mounted Brigade in April 1916.  It served with the Western Frontier Force from January to October 1916 and also joined the Imperial Mounted Division in January 1917.
Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Mounted Brigade left the division on 18 and 19 January 1916.  In February 1916 the brigade was sent to take part in the Salonika Campaign. It was redesignated as 7th Mounted Brigade and returned to Egypt in June 1917.
London Mounted Brigade left the division on 18 January 1916 and was sent to Abbassia.  It served as part of the Suez Canal Defences.  It was redesignated as 8th Mounted Brigade.  From November 1916 to June 1917 it also served at Salonika before returning to Egypt in June 1917.  The brigade joined the newly formed Yeomanry Mounted Division on 21 July 1917 at el Fuqari.
Yeomanry Mounted Brigade left the 2nd Mounted Division on 7 December 1915, was reformed and remounted, and joined the Western Frontier Force.  By March 1916, the brigade had been broken up.
On 21 January 1916, 2nd Mounted Division was disbanded.

Commanders
The 2nd Mounted Division had the following commanders:

See also

 List of British divisions in World War I
 British yeomanry during the First World War

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links
2nd Mounted Division on The Long, Long Trail
2nd Mounted Division on the Regimental Warpath

2
2
Military units and formations established in 1914
Military units and formations disestablished in 1916
1914 establishments in the United Kingdom

2nd Mounted Division


Cele 21 cereri de MKS (poloneză: 21 postulatów MKS) a fost o listă de revendicări emisă la 17 august 1980 de către Comitetul de Grevă Inter-uzine (Międzyzakładowy Komitet Strajkowy, MKS) în Polonia.

Prima cerință a fost dreptul de a crea sindicate independente. Alte cereri au chemat guvernul să respecte drepturile și libertățile constituționale, să elimine privilegiile pentru membrii Partidului Muncitoresc Unit Polonez și să ia măsuri în vederea îmbunătățirii condițiilor economice ale cetățenilor polonezi. Revendicările au dus, în cele din urmă, la Acordul de la Gdańsk și la crearea Solidarității.

Carta a fost scrisă pe două scânduri de lemn și atârnată pe porțile șantierului naval la 18 august 1980. Pentru a marca prima aniversare a grevei cererile au fost expuse în Muzeul Maritim din Gdańsk. A doua zi după ce legea marțială a fost decretată un funcționar de la muzeu le-a ascuns în podul casei lui, unde au rămas până în 1996. Acum adăugate la Muzeul Memoriei Lumii, acestea pot fi găsite adăpostite la expoziția Drumul spre Libertate al Gdańsk-ului.

Text

Legături externe
   Jak robotnicy tworzyli 21 postulatów, Polskie Radio, 17.08.2012

Polonia

Cele 21 de cereri ale MKS


An Dichromanthus in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Dichromanthus in nahilalakip ha familia nga Orchidaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Dichromanthus

Dichromanthus


المغناطيسية الساكنة  هي دراسة المجالات المغناطيسية الساكنة. إنها النظير المغناطيسي للكهرباء الساكنة، حيث تكون الشحنات ثابتة. لا يجب أن يكون التمغنط ساكنًا؛ يمكن استخدام معادلات الساكنة المغناطيسية للتنبؤ بأحداث التحول المغناطيسي السريع التي تحدث على المقاييس الزمنية للنانو ثانية أو أقل. المغناطيسية الساكنة هي تقريب جيد عندما لا تكون التيارات ثابتة - طالما أن التيارات لا تتناوب بسرعة. تستخدم المغناطيسية الساكنة على نطاق واسع في تطبيقات المغناطيسات الدقيقة مثل نماذج أجهزة التخزين المغناطيسي كما هو الحال في ذاكرة الكمبيوتر. يمكن تحقيق التركيز المغناطيسي الساكنة إما عن طريق مغناطيس دائم أو عن طريق تمرير التيار من خلال لفائف من الأسلاك يتطابق محورها مع محور الشعاع.

انظر أيضاً

 مغنطيسيات صغروية

مراجع

مغناطيسية ساكنة

مغناطيسية ساكنة


Crkva sv. Vida je rimokatolička crkva u mjestu Komor Začretski, općina sv. Križ Začretje, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Jednobrodna, pravilno orijentirana crkva podignuta je na mjestu starije drvene kapele koja se spominje već u 14. st., a oko 1630. g. ovdje već stoji novopodignuta zidana kapela. Mnogobrojne pregradnje rezultirale su današnjim tlocrtom u obliku sličnom latinskom križu. Iz zone pjevališta preko jednotravejnog broda ulazi se u uže svetište okruženo radijalno postavljenim dvjema kapelama i sakristijom iza svetišta. Glavno je pročelje jednostavno, zabatno zaključeno i rastvoreno ulaznim portalom segmentnog zaključka. Zvonik kvadratnog tlocrta smješten je na sjevernoj strani. U crkvi se nalazi barokni inventar 18. st, obnovljen i djelomično izmijenjen u 19. st.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-2098 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravnog statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Nepokretna pojedinačna kulturna dobra u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji
Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj
Komor

Crkva sv. Vida u Komoru Začretskom


An Pseudosasa aeria in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Tai Hui Wen. An Pseudosasa aeria in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pseudosasa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pseudosasa

Pseudosasa aeria


Icazteguieta (en euskera y según Adif Ikaztegieta) es un apeadero ferroviario situado en el municipio español homónimo en la provincia de Guipúzcoa, comunidad autónoma del País Vasco.

Forma parte la línea C-1 de la red de Cercanías San Sebastián operada por Renfe.

Situación ferroviaria
La estación se encuentra en el punto kilométrico 590,195 de la línea férrea de ancho convencional  que une Madrid con Hendaya a 109,32 metros de altitud. El tramo es de vía doble y está electrificado.

Historia
La estación fue inaugurada el 1 de septiembre de 1863 con la puesta en marcha del tramo Beasain-San Sebastián de la línea radial Madrid-Hendaya. Su explotación inicial quedó a cargo de la Compañía de los Caminos de Hierro del Norte de España quien mantuvo su titularidad hasta que en 1941 fue nacionalizada e integrada en la recién creada RENFE. Desde el 31 de diciembre de 2004 Renfe Operadora explota la línea mientras que Adif es la titular de las instalaciones ferroviarias.

La estación
Icazteguieta es un pequeño apeadero formado por dos andenes laterales y dos vías. Cuenta con unas reducidas infraestructuras que se limitan a una refugio en el andén en dirección a Irún y una simple marquesina en el andén en dirección a Bríncola. Los cambios de andén se realizan a nivel. No dispone de máquinas autoventa.

Servicios ferroviarios

Cercanías
Los trenes de cercanías de la Línea C-1 son los únicos que se detienen en la estación.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Renfe Cercanías San Sebastián en la web de Renfe

Icazteguieta
Icaz
Estaciones de ferrocarril de España inauguradas en 1863
Estaciones de ferrocarril del País Vasco inauguradas en el siglo XIX

Estación de Icazteguieta


Yukarıkuyucak, Çorum ilinin Ortaköy ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1925 yılı kayıtlarında Milli Kuyucak olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 69 km, Ortaköy ilçe merkezine 12 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Ortaköy belde ve köyleri

Yukarıkuyucak, Ortaköy


Kalistenika je naziv za vježbe koje se sastoje od raznih čistih motoričkih pokreta kao što su trčanje, stajanje, hvatanje, guranje, skakanje i slično. Često se izvode ritmički i bez puno opreme te su to, u suštini, vježbe s vlastitom tjelesnom težinom. One su namijenjene za povećanje tjelesne snage, fleksibilnosti i sveukupnu kondiciju kroz pokrete kao što su guranje ili povlačenje samog sebe, savijanje, skakanje ili ljuljanje, koristeći samo vlastitu tjelesnu težinu. Vježbe se često izvode zajedno s rastezanjem. Energično i raznoliko bavljenje kalistenikom ima velike prednosti za rast mišića i može pridonijeti aerobnoj kondiciji, uz poboljšanje psihomotornih vještina poput ravnoteže, agilnosti i koordinacije.

Urbana kalistenika se često naziva uličnim vježbanjem (engl. street workout) zbog toga što ljudi često izvode vježbe u urbanim područjima kao što su igrališta i parkovi. Individualci i grupe treniraju da bi bili u mogućnosti postići napredne vještine kalistenike kao što su potpuni zgib (engl. muscle-up), akrobacije na šipkama, te vis prednji i stražnji.

Športske momčadi i vojne postrojbe često izvode grupne vježbe koje se zasnivaju na kalistenici kao dio sinkroniziranog fizičkog treninga za povećanje discipline i grupne kohezije. Kalistenika je također popularna kao dio tjelesnog odgoja u osnovnim i srednjim školama diljem svijeta. Uz opću kondiciju, mnoge vojne organizacije često koriste vježbe kalistenike kao osnovne evaluacijske fizičke vježbe, a kao što su kondicijski test američke vojske, te kondicijski test američkih marinaca.

Povijest

Kalistenika i vježbe s vlastitom tjelesnom težinom cijelu ljudsku povijest bili su primarni način vježbanja i održavanja kondicije, sve do kraja 19. i početka 20. stoljeća kada su se počele pojavljivati teretane, utezi i razne sprave za vježbanje. Tada kalistenika gubi svoj utjecaj, a početkom 21. stoljeća ponovno se vraća kao jedan od primarnih načina vježbanja.

Podrijetlo naziva

Riječ kalistenika potječe od starogrčkih riječi kalos (κάλλος), što znači "ljepota" ili "perfekcija" (kako bi se naglasilo estetsko zadovoljstvo koje proizlazi iz savršenstva ljudskog tijela), i sthenos (σθένος), što znači "snaga" (velika mentalna i fizička snaga, hrabrost, te odlučnost). Kalistenika je umjetnost korištenja vlastite tjelesne težine i inercije kako bi pojedinac razvio i oblikovao mišiće, odnosno vlastito tijelo. Prema enciklopediji Encyclopædia Britannica, kalistenika je dobila ime po grčkom povjesničaru Kalistenu, jednom od njenih najranijih zagovornika.

Kalistenika u drevnim civilizacijama

Starogrčki i rimski športaši, ratnici, kao i vojska koristili su kalisteniku kako bi dobili snagu, postali fleksibilniji i izdržljiviji. Jedan od najranijih spomena kalistenike datira iz 480. godine prije Krista kada se odvijala bitka kod Termopila, a glavni izvor informacija iz te bitke je grčki povjesničar Herodot. Legenda kaže da je špijun perzijskog kralja Kserksa vidio spartansku vojsku kralja Leonida kako prakticira kalisteniku prije borbe. Ona je bila primarni način održavanja kondicije i vježbanja u vojnoj obuci Spartanaca. Grčki geograf i putnik Pauzanija zabilježio je da su športaši koji su sudjelovali na Olimpijskim igrama također prakticirali kalisteniku. Umijeće i tradicija kalistenike kasnije se nastavila u rimskim gladijatorskim kampovima, kako je zabilježio povjesničar Livije.

Tradicija perzijskog športa pod nazivom varzesh-e pahlavani koji je upisan na UNESCO-ov popis nematerijalne svjetske baštine, također obuhvaća vježbe s vlastitom tjelesnom težinom i kalisteniku. Redovnici šaolinskog hrama u Kini također koriste kalisteniku kako bi razvili snagu, agilnost i ravnotežu.

Gubitak značenja i ponovni početak (19. i početak 20. stoljeća)

Učenici Friedricha Ludwiga Jahna i Adolfa Spiessa donijeli su znanje gimnastike i kalistenike u Sjedinjene Američke Države, dok su Catherine Beecher i Dio Lewis u 19. stoljeću koristili kalisteniku kao sastavni dio tjelesnog odgoja za žene. Catherine Beecher je u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama kalisteniku promovirala samo kao ženski način vježbanja, a 1857. godine objavila je djelo Fiziologija i kalistenika za škole i obitelji. Pionir tjelesnog odgoja u Švedskoj, Pehr Henrik Ling, također je kalisteniku smatrao kao ženskim načinom vježbanja. Organizirana društva kalistenike u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama izgubila su na važnosti nakon kontroverzne bitke sustava kada je država određivala način kojim će se provoditi tjelesni odgoj. U tom razdoblju kalisteniku su zasjenili natjecateljski športovi. Početkom 20. stoljeća uočene su njene zdravstvene prednosti, te su osnovne i srednje škole diljem cijelog Zapadnog svijeta uvrstile vježbe kalistenike u programe tjelesnog odgoja. Postala je i dio vojnog treninga, a koristio ju je i pionir bodibuildinga Eugen Sandow.

Od druge polovice 20. stoljeća, sprave za vježbanje u teretanama te utezi gotovo su u potpunosti zamijenili kalisteniku kao metodu treninga snage. Tijekom tog razdoblja, tradicija kalistenike kao način vježbanja očuvala se u američkim zatvorima i vojnim kampovima, te među ljudima koji su se bavili borilačkim vještinama, boksom i hrvanjem.

Ponovno stjecanje popularnosti (kraj 20. i početak 21. stoljeća)

U današnje vrijeme kalistenika se povezuje sa sve brže rastućim međunarodnim športom koji se naziva ulično vježbanje (engl. street workout). Športaši, ujedno i autori knjiga na temu kalistenike, kao što su Matt Furey, Brooks Kubik, Pavel Caculin i Paul Wade, jedni su od najzaslužnijih za povratak zanimanja za kalistenikom u 21. stoljeću.

Vidi više
 Gimnastika
 Funkcionalni fitness

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Svjetska federacija street workouta i kalistenike
 Svjetska organizacija kalistenike
 Škola kalistenike
 Službena stranica zajednice za progresivnu kalisteniku

Body building
Gimnastika

Kalistenika


Israa Jaabis, née le 22 juillet 1986, est une femme Palestinienne emprisonnée depuis 2015 dans une prison israélienne. Elle est surtout connue par la mutilation qu'elle a subie dans le cadre de son arrestation ainsi que par les nombreuses campagnes mondiales en faveur de sa libération.

Incident d'explosion de voiture
Le 11 octobre 2015, Israa Jaabis 31 ans, se rendait chez elle à Jérusalem. A environ 500 mètres d'un poste de contrôle militaire israélien, une bouteille de gaz de cuisine dans sa voiture a pris feu.

La version israélienne est qu'elle a intentionnellement mis le feu à sa voiture.

La version défendue par la famille et l'association Addameer est qu'il y a eu un contact électrique au sein de la voiture qui a conduit à un déclenchement de feu. Ce déclenchement a conduit plus tard à l'explosion de la bouteille de gaz dans sa voiture.

Toujours selon la famille, le policier israélien qui était de passage a empêché Israa Jaabis de sortir du véhicule ce qui a causé ses brûlures.

Lors de l'opération qui s'est ensuivie, Mme Jaabis a été amputée de huit de ses dix doigts.

Un an plus tard, Jaabis a été condamnée à 11 ans de prison.

Conditions d'emprisonnement
Israa Jaabis a un fils, Mutasem Jaabis, 6 ans au moment de l'accident. Mutasem s'est vu longtemps refuser l'accès à sa mère dans la prison de HaSharon, au nord d'Israël. Une rencontre spéciale a été organisée par la Croix-Rouge entre la mère et le fils après un an et demi de détention israélienne après plusieurs vaines tentatives. Son fils l'a vue de face pour la première fois depuis l'accident. Les prisons israéliennes n'autorisent pas les rencontres entre les détenus et les visiteurs et se font généralement par téléphone si elles sont autorisées avec un mur de verre entre le prisonnier et le visiteur.

La cas de Jaabis est souvent décrit par les anciennes détenues comme le cas humain le plus critique derrière les barreaux. Nasreen Abu Kmail, une prisonnière récemment libérée qui vivait avec Israa dans la même cellule de la prison de Damon, a décrit Israa comme "le cas le plus difficile" derrière les barreaux : "Elle ne peut ni manger ni respirer correctement et souffre d'inflammations aiguës dues à sa blessure.".

Campagnes de réseaux sociaux
Des campagnes sur les réseaux sociaux sont lancées de manière récurrente depuis 2016 en faveur de sa libération. Ces campagnes se sont accentuées depuis 2020 et le hashtag #SaveIsraa a été en tête sur twitter début septembre 2021.

Dans la culture populaire

L'histoire de Jaabis a été présentée dans un film documentaire israélien Lea Tsemel, Avocate en 2019 .

Notes et références

Annexes

Pages connexes

 Prisonniers palestiniens d'Israël
 Addameer
 Khalida Jarrar

Liens externes

 Addameer : Association de droits de l'homme de support aux prisonniers palestiniens.

Personnalité féminine palestinienne
Naissance en juillet 1986
Prisonnier palestinien
Prisonnier en Israël

Israa Jaabis


The Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings, Op. 31, is a song cycle written in 1943 by Benjamin Britten for tenor, solo horn and a string orchestra. Composed during the Second World War at the request of the horn player Dennis Brain, it is a setting of a selection of six poems by English poets on the subject of night, including both its calm and its sinister aspects. The poets Britten chose to set for the Serenade range from an anonymous 15th-century writer to poets from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries.

Britten's domestic partner – the tenor Peter Pears – and Brain were the soloists at the first performance. They later recorded the work, which has received subsequent recordings by tenors, horn players, orchestras and conductors from Britain, continental Europe, America and Australia.

Background and first performance

Britten and his partner, Peter Pears, returned to Britain in April 1942 after three years in the United States. A few weeks later Britten was commissioned by the BBC to write incidental music for a documentary series on life in England to be broadcast to the US. The score was played by the RAF Orchestra, in which Dennis Brain was first horn. Britten was struck by Brain's skill and needed little persuasion to write a concert piece for him.

Brain may have been expecting a concerto, but instead Britten chose to compose a song-cycle with the horn and the singer as equal partners. Early in 1943 he caught measles so severely that he was in hospital for several weeks, and then convalesced at his country house in Suffolk. There, while also working on his opera Peter Grimes, he composed most of the Serenade. In April 1943 he wrote to a friend, "I've practically completed a new work (6 Nocturnes) for Peter and a lovely young horn player Dennis Brain, & Strings ... It is not important stuff, but quite pleasant, I think".

The Serenade contains Britten's first settings of English poems since On This Island in 1937. In selecting them Britten had advice from Edward Sackville-West, to whom he dedicated the work. Sackville-West wrote of the Serenade:

Britten acknowledged the help Brain had given him with the horn part:

The first performance was given at the Wigmore Hall in London on 15 October 1943 with Pears and Brain as soloists, and Walter Goehr conducting his eponymous string orchestra. It was well received: The Times called it "one of the most remarkable, and on any estimation most successful, of modern English compositions. … Britten's imagination seems to be most readily kindled by words, which strike an equivalent musical image out of him with the utmost spontaneity". The Musical Times thought it a "very likeable and uncommon piece", but was inclined to Britten's own view of the importance of the work, and thought the solo horn prologue and epilogue "unnecessary". Britten was pleased by the reception of the piece: he wrote to an American friend, "We had a lovely show, with wonderful enthusiasm and lovely notices".

Content
The settings are framed by a horn prologue and epilogue; Britten had employed a framing device in his 1942 A Ceremony of Carols, and did so again in the prologue and epilogue to Billy Budd. In the Serenade both prologue and epilogue are performed by the horn alone, and in these movements Britten instructs the player to use only the horn's natural harmonics; this lends these short movements a distinctive character, as some harmonics sound sharp or flat to an audience accustomed to the western chromatic scale. The epilogue is to sound from afar, and to this end the final song does not include a part for the horn to allow the player to move off-stage.

Movements
The Serenade has eight movements:
"Prologue" (horn solo)
"Pastoral", a setting of "The Evening Quatrains" by Charles Cotton (1630–1687)
"Nocturne", a setting of "Blow, bugle, blow" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892)
"Elegy", a setting of "The Sick Rose" by William Blake (1757–1827)
"Dirge", a setting of the anonymous "Lyke-Wake Dirge" (15th century)
"Hymn", a setting of "Hymn to Diana" by Ben Jonson (1572–1637)
"Sonnet", a setting of "To Sleep" by John Keats (1795–1821)
"Epilogue" (horn solo; reprise of Prologue, played offstage)

Lyrics
The words or lyrics to each movement are:

1. Prologue
(solo horn)

2. Pastoral
     The day's grown old; the fainting sun
     Has but a little way to run,
     And yet his steeds, with all his skill,
     Scarce lug the chariot down the hill.

     The shadows now so long do grow,
     That brambles like tall cedars show;
     Molehills seem mountains, and the ant
     Appears a monstrous elephant.

     A very little, little flock
     Shades thrice the ground that it would stock;
     Whilst the small stripling following them
     Appears a mighty Polypheme.

     And now on benches all are sat,
     In the cool air to sit and chat,
     Till Phoebus, dipping in the West,
     Shall lead the world the way to rest.
Charles Cotton (1630–1687)

3. Nocturne
     The splendour falls on castle walls
     And snowy summits old in story:
     The long light shakes across the lakes,
     And the wild cataract leaps in glory:

     Blow, bugle, blow, set the wild echoes flying,
     Bugle blow; answer, echoes, dying, dying, dying.

     O hark, O hear, how thin and clear,
     And thinner, clearer, farther going!
     O sweet and far from cliff and scar
     The horns of Elfland faintly blowing!

     Blow, let us hear the purple glens replying:
     Bugle, blow; answer, echoes, answer, dying, dying, dying.

     O love, they die in yon rich sky,
     They faint on hill or field or river:
     Our echoes roll from soul to soul,
     And grow for ever and for ever.

     Blow, bugle, blow, set the wild echoes flying;
     And answer, echoes, answer, dying, dying, dying.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892)

4. Elegy
     O Rose, thou art sick;
     The invisible worm
     That flies in the night,
     In the howling storm,

     Has found out thy bed
     Of crimson joy;
     And his dark, secret love
     Does thy life destroy.
William Blake (1757–1827)

5. Dirge
     This ae nighte, this ae nighte,
     Every nighte and alle,
     Fire and fleet and candle‑lighte,
     And Christe receive thy saule.

     When thou from hence away art past,
     Every nighte and alle,
     To Whinnymuir thou com'st at last;
     And Christe receive thy saule.

     If ever thou gav'st hos'n and shoon,
     Every nighte and alle,
     Sit thee down and put them on;
     And Christe receive thy saule.

     If hos'n and shoon thou ne'er gav'st nane
     Every nighte and alle,
     The whinnes sall prick thee to the bare bane;
     And Christe receive thy saule.

     From Whinnymuir when thou may'st pass,
     Every nighte and alle,
     To Brig o' Dread thou com'st at last;
     And Christe receive thy saule.

     From Brig o' Dread when thou may'st pass,
     Every nighte and alle,
     To Purgatory fire thou com'st at last;
     And Christe receive thy saule.

     If ever thou gav'st meat or drink,
     Every nighte and alle,
     The fire sall never make thee shrink;
     And Christe receive thy saule.

     If meat or drink thou ne'er gav'st nane,
     Every nighte and alle,
     The fire will burn thee to the bare bane;
     And Christe receive thy saule.

     This ae nighte, this ae nighte,
     Every nighte and alle,
     Fire and fleet and candle‑lighte,
     And Christe receive thy saule.
Lyke Wake Dirge, Anonymous (15th century)

6. Hymn
     Queen and huntress, chaste and fair,
     Now the sun is laid to sleep,
     Seated in thy silver chair,
     State in wonted manner keep:
     Hesperus entreats thy light,
     Goddess excellently bright.

     Earth, let not thy envious shade
     Dare itself to interpose;
     Cynthia's shining orb was made
     Heav'n to clear when day did close:
     Bless us then with wishèd sight,
     Goddess excellently bright.

     Lay thy bow of pearl apart,
     And thy crystal shining quiver;
     Give unto the flying hart
     Space to breathe, how short so-ever:
     Thou that mak'st a day of night,
     Goddess excellently bright.
Ben Jonson (1572–1637)

7. Sonnet
     O soft embalmer of the still midnight,
     Shutting with careful fingers and benign
     Our gloom‑pleas'd eyes, embower'd from the light,
     Enshaded in forgetfulness divine:

     O soothest Sleep! if so it please thee, close
     In midst of this thine hymn my willing eyes,
     Or wait the "Amen" ere thy poppy throws
     Around my bed its lulling charities.

     Then save me, or the passèd day will shine
     Upon my pillow, breeding many woes,
     Save me from curious Conscience, that still lords

     Its strength for darkness, burrowing like a mole;
     Turn the key deftly in the oilèd wards,
     And seal the hushèd Casket of my Soul.
John Keats (1795–1821)

8. Epilogue
(solo horn – off stage)

Recordings
In 2020 Gramophone published a survey of recordings of the Serenade. These are the recordings mentioned:

References and sources

References

Sources

Books

Web

External links
Understanding "Lyke Wake Dirge" by Jeff Duntemann

Song cycles by Benjamin Britten
Compositions for horn
Britten
1943 compositions
Compositions for string orchestra
Classical song cycles in English
Adaptations of works by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Musical settings of poems by William Blake
Adaptations of works by Ben Jonson

Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings


Isabelle Bournier (née le ) est une historienne française, directrice des affaires culturelles et de l'éducation au musée du Mémorial de Caen et autrice de livres documentaires, notamment sous la forme de bandes dessinées.

Biographie
Isabelle Bournier a étudié l'histoire de l'art à l'université de Caen. Elle devient une spécialiste de l'histoire du débarquement de Normandie.

Isabelle Bournier a publié plusieurs livres illustrés avec Jacques Tardi (14 - 18, des hommes dans la Grande Guerre, 2008), Jacques Ferrandez (Des hommes dans la guerre d'Algérie, 2014), Philippe Jarbinet (Les hommes du jour J 2014) et Sébastien Corbet (La première guerre mondiale en bande dessinée, 2020).

Isabelle Bournier a écrit les textes historiques de plusieurs albums de la série pédagogique De reportages van Lefranc, à savoir Le Mur de l'Atlantique (2011), Le Débarquement (2014), La Bataille des Ardennes (2014), La Chute du Troisième Reich (2015 ) et La Bataille du Pacifique (2016).

Récompenses
 2011 : Prix Sorcières Catégorie documentaires : Des hommes dans la guerre d'Algérie, Isabelle Bournier, illustré par Jacques Ferrandez, Casterman

Bibliographie

Elle a écrit plusieurs livres, dont :
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 Caen [II] (2019) de Jean-Blaise Djian avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
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 Gold Beach, Arromanches (2018) de Jean-Blaise Djian et autre(s) avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
 Caen [I] (2018) de Jean-Blaise Djian avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
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 Les plages du Débarquement (2016) de Emmanuel Thiébot avec Isabelle Bournier comme illustratrice
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 Omaha Beach, pointe du Hoc (2014) de Jean-Blaise Djian et autre(s) avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
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 Utah Beach, Carantan (2014) de Jean-Blaise Djian et autre(s) avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
 Gold Beach, Arromanches (2014) de Jean-Blaise Djian et autre(s) avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
 .
 6 juin 1944. - Isabelle Bournier. - [1] (2013) avec Isabelle Bournier comme auteur du texte
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 Utah Beach, Carantan (2009) de Jean-Blaise Djian et autre(s) avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
 Omaha Beach-Pointe du Hoc (2008) de Jean-Blaise Djian et autre(s) avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
 .
 6 juin 1944, Overlord (2004) de Mister Kit et autre(s) avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
  June 1944, Overlord (2004) de Serge Saint-Michel et autre(s) avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
 Rundgang durch das Mémorial, Caen, Normandie (1995) de Rémy Desquesnes avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
 D-Day (1994) de Serge Saint-Michel et autre(s) avec Isabelle Bournier comme Collaborateur
 Overlord (1994) de Serge Saint-Michel et autre(s) avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
 Normandie 1944 (1993) de Rémy Desquesnes avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
 Guida al Mémorial Caen Normandie (1992) de Rémy Desquesnes avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
 Guide to Memorial Caen Normandie (1991) de Rémy Desquesnes avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
 Le guide du Mémorial Caen Normandie (1991) de Rémy Desquesnes avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice
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 Les ports artificiels (1990) de Rémy Desquesnes avec Isabelle Bournier comme collaboratrice

Références

Liens externes

Historien français du XXIe siècle
Historienne française
Écrivain français du XXIe siècle
Femme de lettres française
Dessinateur français de bande dessinée
Naissance en juillet 1963

Isabelle Bournier


Hrant Melkumjan (, beim Weltschachbund FIDE Hrant Melkumyan; * 30. April 1989 in Jerewan) ist ein armenischer Schach-Großmeister.

Erfolge
2006 belegte er bei der U18-Weltmeisterschaft hinter Arik Braun den zweiten Platz. 2009 belegte er einen geteilten ersten Platz beim Chigorin Memorial. 2010 teilte er sich beim Dubai Open ebenfalls den ersten Platz. 2011 wurde er Europameister im Blitzschach. 2013 nahm er am Schach-Weltpokal in Tromsø teil, scheiterte aber in der ersten Runde an Julio Ernesto Granda Zúñiga. Hrant Melkumjans Schachlehrer ist Lewon Aronjan.

Internationaler Meister wurde er im Januar 2007. Die Normen hierfür erzielte er im Februar 2005 in der B-Gruppe des Aeroflot Opens in Moskau, in der iranischen Mannschaftsmeisterschaft der Saison 2005, im Juli 2006 beim Blue-Sewan-Turnier in Sewan (mit Übererfüllung) und bei der U18-Jugendweltmeisterschaft 2006 in Batumi. Seit November 2008 ist er Großmeister. Die Normen für den GM-Titel erzielte er im Juli 2007 beim Mazovian-Festival in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, im März 2008 beim 4. Rectors Cups in Belgorod und im August 2008 mit Übererfüllung bei der U20-Weltmeisterschaft in Gaziantep.

In der deutschen Schachbundesliga spielte Hrant Melkumjan von der Saison 2011/12 bis zur Saison 2016/17 am Spitzenbrett für die Schachfreunde Berlin, in der österreichischen Bundesliga spielte er, ebenfalls am Spitzenbrett, von der Saison 2013/14 bis zur Saison 2017/18 für den ASVÖ Wulkaprodersdorf. In der armenischen Mannschaftsmeisterschaft spielte er von 2006 bis 2008 für FIMA Jerewan, 2009 für Bank King Jerewan. Mit FIMA Jerewan nahm er auch 2008 am European Club Cup teil, bei dem er 2010 und 2011 MIKA Jerewan vertrat. In der ukrainischen Mannschaftsmeisterschaft spielte er 2008 für die Mannschaft der Nationalen Iwan-Franko-Universität Lwiw. Im Iran spielte er für Ararate Teheran.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Schachspieler (Armenien)
Schachspieler (Schachfreunde Berlin)
Schachspieler (SV Wulkaprodersdorf)
Schachspieler
Sportler (Jerewan)
Sowjetbürger
Armenier
Geboren 1989
Mann

Hrant Melkumjan


The year 1879 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy
 British children's writer and amateur astronomer Agnes Giberne publishes the popular illustrated book Sun, Moon and Stars: Astronomy for Beginners which sells 24,000 copies on both sides of the Atlantic in twenty years.

Biology
 April 26 – The National Park, later renamed the Royal National Park, is declared in New South Wales, Australia, the world's second oldest purposed national park (after Yellowstone in the United States), and the first to use the term "national park".
 Jean Henri Fabre publishes the first of his Souvenirs entomologiques.
 Heinrich Anton de Bary coins the term symbiosis in his monograph Die Erscheinung der Symbiose (Strasbourg).

Cartography
 Peirce quincuncial projection developed by Charles Sanders Peirce.

Chemistry
 January 2 – Publication of first issue of Journal of the American Chemical Society.
 Per Teodor Cleve discovers the elements holmium and thulium.
 Lars Fredrik Nilson discovers the element scandium.
 Constantin Fahlberg working with Ira Remsen at Johns Hopkins University discovers saccharin.
 Rodolphe Lindt invents the conching machine for use in chocolate manufacture.
 Otto Schott (1851–1935) develops a glass containing Lithium. It was the first glass type that had a Homogeneity allowing spectrometric measurements.

Earth sciences
 Vasily Dokuchaev introduces the concept of pedology, laying the foundations for the modern study of soil science.
 Ferdinand André Fouqué publishes Santorin et ses éruptions, a significant text in volcanology.

History of science
 Carl Schorlemmer publishes  The Rise and Development of Organic Chemistry.

Mathematics
 Charles L. Dodgson publishes Euclid and his Modern Rivals in London.
 Gottlob Frege publishes Begriffsschrift, eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens ("Concept-Script: A Formal Language for Pure Thought Modeled on that of Arithmetic") in Halle, a significant text in the development of mathematical logic.
 Felix Klein first describes the Grünbaum–Rigby configuration.

Medicine
 British psychiatrist James Crichton-Browne publishes "On the weight of the brain and its component parts in the insane", a key paper in the neuropathology of insanity.
 Viennese physician Felix von Winiwarter provides an early description of Thromboangiitis obliterans.

Meteorology
 George Stokes perfects the Campbell–Stokes recorder (for sunshine).

Paleontology
 Camptosaurus prestwichii found at Cumnor, near Oxford.

Pharmacology
 Vassili von Anrep of the University of Würzburg demonstrate the analgesic properties of cocaine.

Physics
 Edwin Hall discovers the Hall Effect.
 Joseph Stefan originates the Stefan–Boltzmann law, stating that the total radiation from a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its thermodynamic temperature.

Psychology
 Wilhelm Wundt creates the first laboratory of experimental psychology, at the University of Leipzig.

Technology
 February 3 – Mosley Street in Newcastle upon Tyne (England) becomes the world's first public highway to be lit by the electric incandescent light bulb invented by Joseph Swan.
 May 31 – Werner von Siemens demonstrates the first electric locomotive using an external power source at Berlin.
 June 6 – William Denny and Brothers launch the world's first ocean-going ship to be built of mild steel, the SS Rotomahana, on the River Clyde in Scotland.
 October 22 – Thomas Edison successfully tests a carbon filament thread in an incandescent light bulb.
 A heavy oil engine is built by Jacob Morrison of Norton, County Durham, England.

Awards
 Copley Medal: Rudolf Clausius
 Wollaston Medal: Bernhard Studer

Births
 January 1 – Ernest Jones (died 1958), Welsh psychoanalyst.
 February 1 – Henri Chrétien (died 1956), French astronomer and optical inventor.
 February 22 – J. N. Brønsted (died 1947), Danish physical chemist.
 March 8 – Otto Hahn (died 1968), German physicist and winner of the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
 March 10 – Wu Lien-teh (died 1960), Malayan Chinese physician.
 March 14 – Albert Einstein (died 1955), German-born physicist and winner of the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.
 May 28 – Milutin Milanković (died 1958), Serbian geophysicist.
 June 3 – Raymond Pearl (died 1940), American biologist.
 August 29 – May Smith (died 1968), English experimental psychologist.
 October 9 – Max von Laue (died 1960), German physicist and winner of the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Deaths
 January 24 – Heinrich Geißler (born 1814), German scientific instrument maker.
 March 3 – William Kingdon Clifford (born 1845), English geometer.
 April 4 – Heinrich Wilhelm Dove (born 1803), Prussian physicist and climatologist.
 April 16 – Peter Kosler (born 1824), Carniolan geographer and cartographer.
 April 23 – Elisabetta Fiorini Mazzanti (born 1799), Italian botanist.
 May 4 – William Froude (born 1810), English hydrodynamicist.
 May 29 – Pierre Adolphe Piorry (born 1794), French physician.
 August 26 – Édouard Chassaignac (born 1804), French surgeon.
 November 5 – James Clerk Maxwell (born 1831), Scottish-born mathematician and physicist.

References

19th century in science
1870s in science

1879 in science


Un om în loden este un film polițist thriller din 1979 regizat de Nicolae Mărgineanu (debut regizoral). Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Victor Rebengiuc și Ovidiu Iuliu Moldovan. Este o adaptare a romanului Moartea vine pe bandă de magnetofon de Haralamb Zincă.

Rezumat

Dan Stamatiad (Victor Rebengiuc) este un inginer singur, angajat al unui Institut de Geologie și deținător al unor date secrete privind zăcăminte importante. Acesta începe să primească telefoane și scrisori de amenințare cu moartea, de asemenea în unele nopți are impresia că aude râsul sarcastic al unui bărbat care i se pare cunoscut. El găsește în camera sa ascunsă o bandă de magnetofon, după ce o ascultă vocea unui necunoscut îi spune că-i va afla identitatea și motivul pentru care va veni să-l ucidă. După ce sora sa este împușcată în lift și pentru a rezolva misterul și a-și pune ordine în viața sa, Dan spune ce i s-a întâmplat la Securitate. Cazul său ajunge în grija unor agenți de contrainformații ai Securității (prezentați într-o lumină pozitivă): col. Panait (Mircea Albulescu), cpt. Lucian (Ovidiu Iuliu Moldovan), lt. Frunză (Constantin Diplan) și un alt ofițer de securitate interpretat de Dumitru Furdui.

Distribuție

 Victor Rebengiuc — Dan Stamatiad, inginer la un institut de cercetări geologice
 Ovidiu Iuliu Moldovan — mr. Lucian, ofițer de contrainformații al Securității
 Constantin Diplan — lt. Frunză, ofițer de contrainformații al Securității
 George Constantin — Constantin (Costi) Aman, inginer geolog, coleg de institut cu Stamatiad
 Mircea Albulescu — col. Panait, ofițer de contrainformații al Securității
 Tănase Cazimir — Ernest Gramoste, pe numele adevărat Anghel Feraru, fost legionar (menționat Cazimir Tănase)
 Sanda Toma — Angela Prisăcaru, sora ing. Stamatiad
 Draga Olteanu-Matei — soția lui Aman, fiica unui comerciant
 Florina Luican — Mioara Cătuneanu, amanta lui Aman
 Andrei Finți — Bogdan Negreanu, tânăr inginer geolog, coleg de institut cu Stamatiad
 Gheorghe Visu — Nelu Mâțu, fiul menajerei
 Dem Niculescu — Vasiliu, ofițerul de securitate care-l supraveghează pe Stamatiad
 Dumitru Furdui — subofițer de securitate
 Silviu Stănculescu — directorul Institutului de Cercetări Geologice
 Elena Sereda — tov. Nicolescu, secretara Institutului, fosta iubită a lui Anghel Feraru
 Dan Tufaru  — Nițulescu, tânăr ofițer de securitate
 Victor Ștrengaru — dr. Voiculescu, medic balneoterapeut la Spitalul Central
 Ica Matache — Lucreția, menajera lui Stamatiad
 Gheorghe Șimonca — medicul chirurg
 Aristide Teică — unul dintre gemenii din trenul de Baia Mare
 Ioana Ciomîrtan — femeia bătrână din trenul de Baia Mare
 Anca Pandrea — iubita lui Nelu Mâțu
 Valentin Plătăreanu — Râpeanu, șeful biroului ONT
 Gheorghe Șofei
 Ion Șofei
 Emil Riman
 Irina Zemleny
 Andrei Zincă
 Mircea Roger
 Nicolae Ghinea
 Grigore Morariu
 Aurel Icala
 Doina Mavrodin
 Gert Brotschi
 Zaharia Volbea — pacientul brunet de la Spitalul Central
 Alexandru Virgil Platon — infirmierul de la Spitalul Central
 Andrei Traian
 Liliana Oniga
 Henriette Petre
 Mircea Cosma
 Doina Făgădaru
 Răzvan Vasilescu — șoferul institutului (nemenționat)

Producție
Filmările au avut loc în perioada 31 august– 24 octombrie 1978. Cheltuielile de producție s-au ridicat la 2.762.000 lei.

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 1.689.174 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Eva Sârbu apreciază că filmul impresionează nu atât prin logica narativă a poveștii polițiste, cât prin combustia sa filmică, prin talentul dublat de inteligența creatoare. Filmul a fost distins în 1979 cu Premiul Opera prima de către ACIN. La festivalul de la Costinești, Nicolae Mărgineanu a primit un premiu pentru regie, filmul fiind recompensat și pentru muzica lui Cornel Țăranu.

Premii
 1979 - ACIN - Premiul "Opera prima"
 1980 - Costinești - Premiile pentru regie și muzică

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1979 în film

Filme din 1979
Filme regizate de Nicolae Mărgineanu
Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme thriller din anii 1970
Filme polițiste românești
Debuturi regizorale
Filme cu legionari

Un om în loden


Paduli ist eine italienische Gemeinde (comune) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Provinz Benevento in Kampanien. Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 10 Kilometer von Benevento am Calore Irpino. Paduli ist Teil der Comunità Montana del Fortore.

Verkehr
Durch Paduli führt die Strada Statale 90bis delle Puglie von Benevento nach Savignano Irpino. An der Bahnstrecke Caserta–Foggia besteht im Gemeindegebiet ein Betriebsbahnhof.

Persönlichkeiten
 Mimmo Paladino (* 1948), Maler und Objektkünstler

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Kampanien

Paduli


Mujeres fatales es una serie de historietas creada por Mique Beltrán como guionista y Max como dibujante para la revista Complot!. Constituye la única incursión de su guionista en el drama.

Trayectoria editorial
Sólo dos entregas se publicaron en Complot!, debido al prematuro cierre de la revista, por lo que sus autores marcharon en 1986 a París en busca de editor. Tras ser rechazados por Circus y Dargaud, consiguen un contrato para su publicación en L'Écho des Savanes de la editorial Albin Michel.

En España, fue publicada por Ediciones La Cúpula, en 1988 en su revista El Víbora y un año más tarde en formato álbum.

Valoración
Para el crítico Yexus, Mujeres fatales es un producto profesional, en el que los autores renunciaron a sus rasgos estilísticos más marcados con vistas a afianzarse en el exigente mercado francés.

Bibliografía

Notas y referencias

Enlaces externos

 Fichas en Tebeosfera.

 Fichas en BD Gest', La Bédéthèque:
 Ed. en francés.

Historietas de España
Historieta romántica
Mujeres fatales
Historietas de 1985

Mujeres fatales


زاسوسنا  هي مدينة في مقاطعة بيلغورود أوبلاست في روسيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 4242 نسمة.

مراجع

مدن مقاطعة بيلغورود

زاسوسنا


Ivan Vidiš je magistar politologije, savjetnik u kabinetu Ministra rada i mirovinskog sustava RH i predsjednik Mladeži Hrvatske demokratske zajednice.

Raniji život
Rođen 31. kolovoza 1989. u Zagrebu. Prve godine života živi na zagrebačkoj Peščenici. Zbog očeve karijere, tijekom djetinjstva živio je u više gradova (Beograd, Bratislava, Subotica).

Obrazovanje
Za vrijeme osnovnoškolskog obrazovanja pohađa 4 osnovne škole ("The International School of Belgrade", Osnovna škola "Lovre pl. Matačić", "British International School of Bratislava", Osnovna škola "Izidor Kršnjavi").

Većinu srednjoškolskog obrazovanja stječe u Biskupijskoj klasičnoj gimnaziji i sjemeništu "Paulinum". Maturirao je u zagrebačkoj Gimnaziji "Tituša Brezovačkog" na Gornjem gradu.

Fakultetsko obrazovanje započinje na Fakultetu političkih znanosti u Zagrebu gdje je stekao zvanje sveučilišnog prvostupnika politologije. U sklopu studentske razmjene dobiva stipendiju na Sveučilištu u Lundu (Švedska). Primarni fokus mu je izučavanje švedskog socijalnog sustava i društva.

Obrazovanje nastavlja, također u sklopu studentske razmjene, na Pravnom fakultetu i Fakultetu političkih znanosti na Sveučilištu u Regensburgu (Njemačka), gdje proučava funkcioniranje europskih institucija. Na katalonskom sveučilištu "Pompeu Fabra" (Barcelona, Španjolska) stekao je zvanje magistra političkih znanosti gdje je proučavao javne politike, funkcioniranje Europske unije, političku teoriju i komparativne politike. Aktivno se koristi engleskim i španjolskim jezikom, a pasivno njemačkim.

Radno iskustvo
Za vrijeme srednje škole kao učenik-volonter piše za listove hrvatske manjine u Vojvodini (Republika Srbija)- "Hrvatska riječ" i "Zvonik". Tijekom studija u Zagrebu, radi u H1 Telekomu (Zagreb) na poslovima prodajnog agenta korisničke podrške, te u Cinestaru kao blagajnik. Bio je suradnik na višejezičnom i računalnom projektu kodiranja anketnih pitanja u začetnoj fazi šireg projekta Istraživačkog centra na Sveučilištu "Pompeu Fabra". Stažirao je u Uredu zastupnika u Europskom parlamentu Andreja Plenkovića, gdje izvještava o radu pojedinih Odbora Europskog parlamenta i sudjeluje u kreiranju pripremnih materijala. Stručno osposobljavanje bez zasnivanja radnog odnosa (SOR) odradio je u Ministarstvu vanjskih i europskih poslova kao stručni suradnik u "Službi za COREPER II u sklopu Uprave za europske poslove", "Službi za upravljanje imovinom" te u "Diplomatskom protokolu".  U tom periodu je naglašeno angažiran u poslovima pripreme stajališta RH za Vijeće EU, pozadinskih analiza za hrvatska stajališta, na sastancima Međuresorne radne skupine, Nadzorne misije Europske komisije, u Vladi i Saboru unutar djelokruga tih jedinica. Sudjelovao je u organizaciji tri konferencije: "Croatia Forum", "Konferencija počasnih konzula RH" i na "Konferenciji o kazetnom streljivu" održanoj u Dubrovniku.

Kasnije se zapošljava u španjolskoj multinacionalnoj kompaniji "Naturhouse", gdje kao voditelj regionalnih poslova nadzire redovno poslovanje i ekspanzivnu politiku na hrvatskom tržištu kroz ljudske resurse, marketing, administrativna i pravna pitanja.

Na otvorenom višeciklusnom natječaju Europske komisije, u konkurenciji s više od 20 000 kandidata iz članica Europske unije, biva izabran na poziciju pripravnika u "Glavnoj upravi za zapošljavanje, socijalna pitanja i uključenost". Tamo sudjeluje u pripremi ključnih dokumenta, izradi Preporuka za države članice te ostalim koordinacijskim poslovima unutar djelokruga Uprave.

Trenutno radi kao savjetnik u kabinetu Ministra rada i mirovinskog sustava. Fokus mu je na europskim poslovima i mjerama aktivnog zapošljavanja. Posljednjih šest mjeseci provodi kao savjetnik ministra za Hrvatsko predsjedanje Vijećem Europske unije.

Politički angažman
Vidiš je član Hrvatske demokratske zajednice. Kroz stranački angažman obnašao je dužnost predsjednika Temeljnog ogranka Mimara i člana NO Područnog odbora Donji Grad. Trenutni je predsjednik Mladeži Hrvatske demokratske zajednice. Kreator je predizbornog Programa Mladeži HDZ-a i Programske deklaracije Mladeži HDZ-a. Sudionik je sjednica Mladeži Europske pučke stranke (YEPP), gdje je na njegovu inicijativu usvojena Rezolucija o izbornom zakonu u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Privatni život
Vidiševa obitelj potječe s poluotoka Pelješca. Sin je Davor Vidiš. Oženio se 2021. godine.

Izvori

Hrvatski političari

Ivan Vidiš


Pierre Arnold (* 22. November 1921 in Ballaigues; † 25. März 2007 in Schwyz) war ein Schweizer Manager, der in leitenden Tätigkeiten für Migros tätig war.

Leben

Seine Kindheit und Jugend verbrachte er in der Westschweiz und in Südfrankreich. Als Landarbeiter war er unter anderem auf einem Gut im Thurgau beschäftigt, das zu einer psychiatrischen Klinik gehört. Später war er Pfleger in der Klinik Oscar Forels in Rives de Prangins. An der ETH Zürich bildete er sich zum Ingenieur-Agronom aus, um leitende Stellungen in landwirtschaftlichen Organisationen auszuüben.

Alfred Gehrig konnte Arnold 1958 für die Migros gewinnen. Damals vollzog sich im Migros-Genossenschafts-Bund (MGB) der Übergang von der Epoche der Pioniere zu einer der neuen Technologien. 1959 wurde er jüngstes Mitglied der Verwaltungsdelegation, dem Leitungsgremium des MGB. Als Departement wurden ihm die Industriebetriebe der Migros zugewiesen.

Arnold baute das von Gehrig begonnene Unternehmen Seba Aproz SA im Unterwallis zu einem Grossbetrieb aus. In den ersten Jahren kam es jedoch auch zu Spannungen zwischen ihm und Migros-Gründer Gottlieb Duttweiler sowie dessen langjähriger volkswirtschaftlicher Beraterin Elsa Gasser. Er wurde als offensiver Manager charakterisiert, der mit seiner Art begeistern, aber auch anecken konnte.

1976 wurde Pierre Arnold als Nachfolger von Rudolf Suter Präsident der Verwaltungsdirektion und damit oberster Migros-Chef. Er holte erstmals Frauen in Führungspositionen, namentlich Arina Kowner als Direktorin für Soziales und Kultur sowie Charlotte Hug als Koordinatorin der Migros-Presse. Jede Woche wandte er sich in Briefen an die Genossenschaftler, etwa 400 in den acht Jahren seiner Präsidentschaft. Eine Auswahl erschien 1984 in seinem Buch Federführend. Auch die erste Sozialbilanz von 1978, eine selbstkritische Rechenschaft der Migros als Sozialpartner, die zusätzlich zum Jahresbericht herausgegeben wurde, fällt in seine Amtszeit.

Von 1984 bis 1991 war Arnold Präsident der Verwaltung MGB. Anschliessend, von 1992 bis 2005, präsidierte er die Gottlieb und Adele Duttweiler-Stiftung.

Pierre Arnold wurde 1984 Ehrenbürger von Ballaigues, 1985 Ehrendoktor der Universität Lausanne und 1991 Mitglied der französischen Ehrenlegion.

Literatur

 Pierre Arnold: Federführend – Eine persönliche Sozialbilanz, Migros-Presse, Zürich 1984.
 Pierre Arnold: Leben mit Elektronen – Ein Beitrag zur Zukunftsbewältigung, 224 Seiten, Zürich 1984

Weblinks

 Eintrag im Archiv für Agrargeschichte

Einzelnachweise

Manager (Schweiz)
Person (Migros)
Ehrenbürger im Kanton Waadt
Mitglied der Ehrenlegion (Ritter)
Ehrendoktor der Universität Lausanne
Schweizer
Geboren 1921
Gestorben 2007
Mann

Pierre Arnold


Germany is the eighth-most-visited country in the world, with a total of 407.26 million overnights during 2012. This number includes 68.83 million nights by foreign visitors, the majority of foreign tourists in 2009 coming from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland (see table). Additionally, more than 30% of Germans spend their holiday in their own country. According to Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Reports, Germany is ranked 3 out of 136 countries in the 2017 report, and is rated as one of the safest travel destinations worldwide.

In 2012, over 30.4 million international tourists arrived in Germany, bringing over US$38 billion in international tourism receipts to the country. Domestic and international travel and tourism combined directly contribute over EUR43.2 billion to the German GDP. Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry contributes 4.5% of German GDP and supports 2 million jobs (4.8% of total employment). The ITB Berlin is the world's leading tourism trade fair.

According to surveys, the top three reasons for tourists to come to Germany are the German culture, outdoor activities, the countryside and rural areas, and the German cities.

History
The history of tourism in Germany goes back to cities and landscapes being visited for education and recreation. From the late 18th century onwards, cities like Dresden, Munich, Weimar and Berlin were major stops on a European Grand tour.

Spas and Seaside resorts on the North and Baltic Sea (e.g. Rugia and Usedom islands, Heiligendamm, the islands Norderney and Sylt) particularly developed during the 19th and early 20th century, when major train routes were built to connect the seaside spas to urban centers. An extensive bathing and recreation industry materialized in Germany around 1900. At rivers and close to natural landscapes (along the Middle Rhine valley and in Saxon Switzerland for example) many health spas, hotels and recreational facilities were established since the 19th century.

Since the end of World War II tourism has expanded greatly, as many tourists visit Germany to experience a sense of European history and the diverse German landscape. The country features 14 national parks, including the Jasmund National Park, the Vorpommern Lagoon Area National Park, the Müritz National Park, the Wadden Sea National Parks, the Harz National Park, the Hainich National Park, the Saxon Switzerland National Park, the Bavarian Forest National Park and the Berchtesgaden National Park. In addition, there are 14 Biosphere Reserves, as well as 98 nature parks.

The countryside has a pastoral aura, while the bigger cities exhibit both a modern and classical feel. Small and medium-sized cities often preserved their historical appearance and have old towns with remarkable architectural heritage – these are called Altstadt in German.

Statistics

The table below shows the distribution of national and international visitor nights spent in each of the sixteen states of Germany in 2017.

Germany overall had 178.23 million visitor nights in 2017, of which 37.45 million were of foreign guests (21.01 percent). With 94.3 million nights spent in hotels, hostels or clinics, Bavaria has the most visitors. With 18.472 nights per 1.000 inhabitants, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern has the highest density of tourists per population (German median: 5.568 nights per 1.000 people).

Most visitors arriving to Germany on short-term basis are from the following countries of nationality:

Surveys
The official body for tourism in Germany is the German National Tourist Board (GNTB), represented worldwide by National Tourist Offices in 29 countries. Surveys by the GNTB include perceptions and reasons for holidaying in Germany, which are as follows: culture (75%), outdoors/countryside (59%), cities (59%), cleanliness (47%), security (41%), modernity (36%), good hotels (35%), good gastronomy/cuisine (34%), good accessibility (30%), cosmopolitanism/hospitality (27%), good shopping opportunities (21%), exciting nightlife (17%) and good price/performance ratio (10%) (multiple answers were possible).

Countryside

Health

About 242 million nights, or two-thirds of all nights spent in hotels in Germany, are spent in spa towns. Germany is well known for health tourism, with many of the numerous spa towns having been established at a hot spring, offering convalescence (German: Kur) or preventive care by means of mineral water and/or other spa treatment. Spa towns and seaside resorts carry official designations such as Mineral and mud spas (Mineral- und Moorbäder), Healthy climate resorts (Heilklimatische Kurorte), Kneipp cure resorts (Kneippkurorte = water therapy resorts), Seaside resorts (Seebäder), Climatic resorts (Luftkurorte), and Recreation resorts (Erholungsorte). The largest and most well known resorts also have casinos, most notably at Bad Wiessee, Baden-Baden (Kurhaus), Wiesbaden (Kurhaus), Aachen, Travemünde and Westerland (Kurhaus).

Regions

The most visited tourist regions in Germany are the East Frisian and North Frisian Islands, the Baltic Sea coasts of Holstein, Mecklenburg and Vorpommern, the Rhine Valley, the Bavarian and Black Forest, and the Bavarian Alps.

The table below shows the five most visited rural districts in 2008:

Other popular regions include
 in the north: Usedom, Holstein Switzerland, the Lüneburg Heath, Harz and Mecklenburg Lake District
 in the west: Teutoburg Forest, Sauerland, Eifel and the Moselle Valley
 in the east: Saxon Switzerland, Thuringian Forest, Ore Mountains and the Elbe Valley
 in the south: Taunus, Spessart, Rhön, Odenwald and Allgäu.

Theme routes

Since the 1930s, local and regional governments have set up various theme routes, to help visitors get to know a specific region and its cultural or scenic qualities. The table below shows some of the most prominent theme routes. Other popular German theme routes include parts of the European Route of Brick Gothic and European Route of Industrial Heritage, the Harz-Heide Road, Bertha Benz Memorial Route and Bergstrasse.

Winter sport

The main winter sport regions in Germany are the Bavarian Alps and Northern Limestone Alps, as well as the Ore Mountains, Harz Mountains, Fichtel Mountains and Bavarian Forest within the Central Uplands. First class winter sport infrastructure is available for alpine skiing and snowboarding, bobsledding and cross-country skiing.

In most regions, winter sports are limited to the winter months November to February. During the Advent season, many German towns and cities host Christmas markets.

Cities

In terms of numbers of overnight stays, travel to the twelve largest cities in Germany more than doubled between 1995 and 2005, the largest increase of any travel destination. This increase mainly arises from growth of cultural tourism, often in conjunction with educational or business travel. Consequently, the provision and supply of more and higher standards of cultural, entertainment, hospitality, gastronomic, and retail services also attract more international guests.

The table below shows the ten most visited cities in Germany in 2012. Other cities and towns with over 1 million nights per year are Rostock, Hannover, Bremen, Cuxhaven, Bonn, Freiburg, Münster, Lübeck, Wiesbaden, Essen and Regensburg.

Berlin

Berlin has a yearly total of about 135 million day visitors, which puts it in third place among the most-visited city destinations in the European Union. Berlin had 781 hotels with over 125,000 beds in June 2012. The city recorded 20.8 million overnight hotel stays and 9.1 million hotel guests in 2010. In the first half of 2012, there was an increase of over 10% compared to the same period the year before.

Munich

Hamburg

In 2007, more than 3,985,105 visitors with 7,402,423 overnight stays visited the city. The tourism sector employs more than 175,000 people full-time and brings in revenue of €9.3 billion, making the tourism industry a major economic force in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Hamburg has one of the fastest-growing tourism industries in Germany. From 2001 to 2007, the overnight stays in the city increased by 55.2% (Berlin +52.7%, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania +33%).

A typical Hamburg visit includes a tour of the city hall and the grand church St. Michaelis (called the Michel), and visiting the old warehouse district (Speicherstadt) and the harbour promenade (Landungsbrücken). Sightseeing buses connect these points of interest. As Hamburg is one of the world's largest harbours many visitors take one of the harbour and/or canal boat tours (Große Hafenrundfahrt, Fleetfahrt) which start from the Landungsbrücken. Major destinations also include museums.

The area of Reeperbahn in the quarter St. Pauli is Europe's largest red light district and home of strip clubs, brothels, bars and nightclubs. The Beatles had stints on the Reeperbahn early in their careers. Others prefer the laid-back neighbourhood Schanze with its street cafés, or a barbecue on one of the beaches along the river Elbe. Hamburg's famous zoo, the Tierpark Hagenbeck, was founded in 1907 by Carl Hagenbeck as the first zoo with moated, barless enclosures.

Gallery

Events
The table below shows some of the largest annually recurring events in Germany:

Note: This list only includes the largest, annually recurring events in selected categories. This list may be incomplete.

Trade fairs

Germany is home to several of the world's largest trade fairgrounds, and many of the international exhibitions are considered trend-setters or industry leaders. Thousands of national and international trade fairs, conventions and congresses are held in Germany annually. In 2008, 10.3 million people visited the 150 largest trade fairs alone. More than half of these visitors come from abroad, more than one third from countries outside Europe. The table below shows some of the most visited trade fairs.

Note: This list only includes trade fairs with 250,000 visitors per year or more. This list may be incomplete.

Most visited...

Protected areas
The table below shows the most visited protected areas in Germany.

Landmarks

The German Tourism Association (Deutscher Tourismusverband) irregularly publishes statistics on the most visited landmarks. With an average of over 6 million visitors entering Cologne Cathedral per year, the cathedral is Germany's most visited landmark. Second and third places go to the Reichstag building in Berlin and the Hofbräuhaus in Munich. Other much visited architectural landmarks include the Drosselgasse in Rüdesheim (3.0m), the medieval old towns of Rothenburg ob der Tauber (2.5m), Regensburg (2.0m), Frauenkirche in Dresden (2.5m), Bad Münstereifel (2m), the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin and the Holsten Gate in Lübeck 1.

Theme parks
The table below shows some of the most visited theme parks or related facilities in Germany.

Note: This list only includes the largest theme parks/facilities in selected categories. This list may be incomplete.

See also

 Transport in Germany
 Public holidays in Germany
 List of museums in Germany
 Economy of Germany
 Cuisine of Germany
 Tourism in East Germany
 German tourism industry
List of World Heritage Sites in Germany

References

 Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland (Federal Statistical Office)
 DZT / World Travel Monitor
 World Tourism Organization

https://www.deutschertourismusverband.de/fileadmin/Mediendatenbank/Dateien/ZDF_2016.pdf

External links

 Official Germany tourism website

 Germany Travel Guide (tourism.de)
 German Tourist in Bharatpur India.
 Best time to visit Germany Travel Guide

Germany

Tourism in Germany


9611 Anouck este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
9611 Anouck este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul La Silla de Eric Walter Elst. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,18 ua, o excentricitate de 0,09 și o înclinație de 5,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 9001-10000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1992
Centura de asteroizi

9611 Anouck


Felt er en amerikansk undergrunds-hip hop-duo bestående af Slug fra Atmosphere og Murs fra Living Legends.

Stil
Alle gruppens album er navngivet efter skuespillerinder; Christina Ricci, Lisa Bonet og Rosie Perez.

Hvert album indeholder to sange navngivet efter berømtheder; Suzanne Vega, Rick James, Morris Day, Marvin Gaye, Kevin Spacey og Paul Reubens.

Diskografi

Studiealbum
 2002: Felt: A Tribute to Christina Ricci
 2005: Felt, Vol. 2: A Tribute to Lisa Bonet
 2009 Felt 3: A Tribute to Rosie Perez

Ep'er
 2005: Dirty Girl
 2005: Life Vegas EP

Eksterne henvisninger
 Felt  på Rhymesayers Entertainments hjemmeside

Hiphopgrupper fra USA
Etableret i 2000

Felt (hip hop-gruppe)


Kirchdorf kan henvise til:

 kommuner
 i Baden-Württemberg:
 Kirchdorf an der Iller – kommune i Landkreis Biberach
 i Bayern
 Kirchdorf (bei Haag in Oberbayern) – kommune i Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn
 Kirchdorf (Hallertau) – kommune i Landkreis Kelheim
 Kirchdorf am Inn (Landkreis Rottal-Inn) – kommune i Landkreis Rottal-Inn
 Kirchdorf an der Amper – kommune i Landkreis Freising
 Kirchdorf im Wald – kommune i Landkreis Regen
 i Niedersachsen:
 Kirchdorf (Samtgemeinde) i Landkreis Diepholz
 Kirchdorf (Niedersachsen) – kommune i Landkreis Diepholz
 i Østrig:
 Kirchdorf am Inn (Oberösterreich) – kommune i Bezirk Ried im Innkreis, Oberösterreich
 Kirchdorf an der Krems, Bezirkshauptstadt i Oberösterreich
 Kirchdorf in Tirol – kommune i Bezirk Kitzbühel, Tirol
 i Schweiz:
 Kirchdorf (Schweiz) – kommune i Kanton Bern.

 bydele
 i Bayern
 Kirchdorf (Bad Wörishofen) – bydel i Bad Wörishofen

Kirchdorf


San Luis Somos Todos ist ein ehemaliges argentinisches Radsportteam mit Sitz in San Luis.

Die Mannschaft wurde 2012 gegründet und nimmt als Continental Team an den UCI Continental Circuits teil. Manager ist Pablo Andrés, der von den Sportlichen Leitern Daniel Godoy, Rubén Morán, Claudio Rodríguez, Ramón Francisco Sánchez und Augusto Sabelli unterstützt wird.

Ende 2016 wurde das Team aufgelöst.

Saison 2016

Erfolge in der UCI America Tour
In den Rennen der Saison 2016 der UCI America Tour gelangen die nachstehenden Erfolge.

Erfolge bei den Nationalen Straßen-Radsportmeisterschaften
In den Rennen zu den Nationalen Straßen-Radsportmeisterschaften 2016 gelangen die nachstehenden Erfolge.

Abgänge – Zugänge

Mannschaft

Platzierungen in UCI-Ranglisten
UCI America Tour

Siehe auch
 San Luis Somos Todos/Saison 2012
 San Luis Somos Todos/Saison 2013
 San Luis Somos Todos/Saison 2014
 San Luis Somos Todos/Saison 2015

Weblinks

Ehemaliges UCI Continental Team
Radsport (Argentinien)
Sport (Provinz San Luis)
San Luis (Argentinien)
Gegründet 2012
Aufgelöst 2016

San Luis Somos Todos


Moreau de Melen ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Ernest Moreau de Melen (1879–1968), belgischer Fußballspieler
 Henri Moreau de Melen (1902–1992), belgischer Offizier und Politiker

Moreau de Melen


Market penetration refers to the successful selling of  a good or  service in a specific market. It is measured by the amount of sales volume of an existing good or service compared to the total target market for that product or service. Market penetration is the key for a business growth strategy stemming from the Ansoff Matrix (Richardson, M., & Evans, C. (2007). H. Igor Ansoff first devised and published the Ansoff Matrix in the Harvard Business Review in 1957, within an article titled "Strategies for Diversification". The grid/matrix is utilized across businesses to help evaluate and determine the next stages the company must take in order to grow and the risks associated with the chosen strategy. With numerous options available, this matrix helps narrow down the best fit for an organization.

This strategy involves selling current products or services to the existing market in order to obtain a higher market share. This could involve persuading current customers to buy more and new customers to start buying or even converting customers from their competitors. This could be implemented using methods such as competitive pricing, increasing marketing communications, or utilizing reward systems such as loyalty points/discounts. New strategies involve utilizing pathways and finding new ways to improve profits and increase sales and productivity in order to stay competitive.

Definition
Market penetration refers to ways or strategies that are proposed or adopted so as to be able to create a niche in the already existing market. Although it can be performed throughout the business's life, it can be especially helpful in the primary stages of setup. It helps establish the business's current station and which direction it needs to expand in to achieve market growth. Successful outcomes stem from careful monitoring by key staff and leaders. Timing is key to successful market growth; this can be dependent on the overall market welfare, the business's competitors, and current events.  Questions, brainstorming, and discussions can help distinguish whether it is the best time for market growth. These can include questions surrounding market share increases or decreases. Sales can be declining but show opportunity for the business, which could be the perfect time to make alterations so as to grow market share. Market penetration can also be helpful when sales are proving to slow down, in that customers often need to be re-introduced to a company or reminded why they need a company's goods/services. With consumers' attention span becoming less and less, organizations need to constantly keep on top of competitors to stay relevant.

Some factors of market penetration are holding costs, advanced inventory management practices and technology (e.g., ongoing replenishment and vendor-managed inventory), supply chain problems, and economies of scale (e.g., Chang and Lee 1995, Chen et al. 2005, Gaur and Kesavan 2005, Gaur et al. 2005, Hendricks and Singhal 2005, Huson and Nanda 1995, Lieberman et al. 1996).

Market penetration, market development, and product development together establish market growth for a company. Overall the major growth opportunities they implement attempt to peak sales through stressing current products in present markets and present products in new markets. This includes developing new products for existing markets, subsequently. It is about finding new ways to boost sales and keep customers loyal and increase market share. When implementing change, companies must be careful not to compromise their existing revenue or customers. If the packaging or visual aspects of a company are altered drastically, existing customers may not recognise a brand and opt for a competitor's product or service. Too much alteration can make consumers wary, so change must be implemented in a subtle manner so as to only increase market share and build on profits. Managers and leaders should monitor this throughout the entire process to ensure smooth changes. Clear planning will also help minimise this risk and will lead to improvements and a boost in market share.

A few different options for market penetration are:
 Developing a new marketing strategy to entice more customers to purchase or continue purchasing.
 Become price competitive as a swaying factor for customers to choose a product or service over another company.
 Use special promotions or offers to grab attention.
 Utilise the Boston Matrix to decipher which product or service benefits further investment and time and which can be disregarded.
 Purchase a competitor's company (in mature markets) to expand market share.

For a business to come up with a decision using the grid, key personnel must consider numerous factors such as market penetration, product development, market development, and diversification, which measure brand popularity, defined as the number of people who buy a specific brand or a category of goods at least once in a given period, divided by the size of the relevant market population. Market penetration is one of the four growth strategies of the Product-Market Growth Matrix as defined by Ansoff. Market penetration occurs when a company penetrates a market in which current or similar products already exist. A way to achieve this is by gaining competitors' customers (part of their market share). Other ways include attracting non-users of a product or convincing current clients to use more of a product/service (by advertising, etc.). Ansoff developed the Product-Market Growth Matrix to help firms recognize if there is any advantage to entering a market. The other three growth strategies in the Product-Market Growth Matrix are:
 Product development (existing markets, new products): McDonald's is always within the fast-food industry but frequently markets new burgers.
 Market development (new markets, existing products): Apple introduced the iPhone in a developed cell phone market.
 Diversification (new markets, new products):

Market penetration refers to the successful selling of a product or service in a specific market, and it is a measure of the amount of sales volume of an existing good or service compared to the total target market for that product or service. Market penetration involves targeting on selling existing goods or services in the targeted markets to increase a better market share/value. It can be achieved in four different ways, including growing the market share of current goods or services; obtaining dominance of existing markets; reforming a mature market by monopolising the market and driving out competitors; or increasing consumptions by existing customers.

Another alternative to calculating market penetration is if the dividend growth rate is more than the ratio of the percentage population of wealth distribution ratio then market penetration is possible.

Market penetration is a way to determine the success of the business model and marketing strategy for a product. To check the success, one must have a way to gauge the amount of the targeted market and how many potential localized or otherwise customers there are that would be susceptible to a product. To this end, Charles Hill came up with a five-step system to understanding advertising's influence on the market.
Identify the demographic most suited to a product. Even though other demographics may use a product, it is about identifying the largest demographic so that the majority of advertising is tailored to them (e.g., candy for children, salad for adult women who may be dieting).
Decide upon the area in which they live. Location is important and wholly depends on the reach of a brand. If a company operates at a national level, then the entirety of the country will have to be averaged to reach the largest number of people. The smaller the area, the more specific one can be about the people of each demographic within it.
Knowing the size of the market is integral to understanding market penetration.
Understanding competitors' market penetration. What benchmark should one go for? Based on the penetration that other products have reached, calculate the number that should be reached in the demographic by multiplying the total number of the demographic by whatever the percentage that other products are reaching.
Calculate the number of customers that a business needs to sell to in order to earn a profit and then compare that to the number other competitors are reaching; if the business does not make a profit with average market penetration, it's time to rethink the business strategy.
Market penetration is a tool for understanding the potential earnings of a business and is integral to calculating a resourceful business model.

In an emerging market
A model was theorized for market penetration by Yan Dong, Martin Dresner and Chaodong Han.

This is meant for emerging markets but the connection extends across to more established markets as well.  The model illustrates that market penetration and understanding of the number of people that will be reached with a product is indicative to how much stock must be ordered and both that and market penetration are of utmost importance for financial performance. However, emerging markets are difficult to predict as they are categorized by large amounts of growth. This means demand is hard to forecast and therefore inventory supply as well.
The connection between emerging market penetration and inventory supply are bridged by several factors such as advanced inventory management, technologies and holding costs. So while the market penetration may dictate how much supply is needed other factors must dictate how much inventory it is prudent to keep. Understanding market penetration for an emerging market is more difficult due to the lack of established competitors and similar products.
Emerging markets are susceptible to large companies and are sought after by globalized businesses due to the increase in disposable income the average person will have and weak local competitors. The weakness of local competitors is due to their poor customer service and limit in resources as they don't have the capital and reach that large corporations have. The four big emerging markets are Brazil, Russia, India and China as they were the fastest to recover after the 2008/2009 economic crisis.  These markets are untapped potential for revenue and a good spot for globalization for dominant company's. Large market penetration is the key to fully tapping these markets.

Purpose
As a strategy, market penetration is used when the business seeks to increase sales growth of its existing products or services to its existing markets in order to gain a higher market share. This strategy is often used during the early stages of the business or before it enters the market, in order to prove the market existence and show market size for its products or services, also to gain an understanding to the number of competitors and how well they are doing. Hence, the business can decide on either it is a good to enter their target market or not, and how it can make its products or services more attractive to consumers than its competitors. During the operation of the business, if the sales are decreasing or flatlining comparing to previous years, then it is also appropriate to apply market penetration strategy to seek for opportunities to increase sales. Therefore, it is unnecessary to this strategy if the sales are increasing. However, it is exceptional if the sales growth trend shows the gross increase but is much less significant comparing to its competitors, because this could indicate the business's market share is actually shrinking, then this strategy can be a good approach to try regain its market share.

To achieve the goal of higher market share, the primary idea is that the business has to either increase sales volume to their existing customers by encouraging for more frequent or greater usages, or expanding the population size of customers in the current market by attracting potential new customers to buy its goods or services. Since the market penetration strategy is conducted based on established capabilities and characteristics of the business and the market, therefore it contains the lowest risk out of the four strategies in Ansoff's product-market growth matrix. Hence, a business should give special consideration to conducts it, since this strategy is important for the evaluation work on the intended market and the existing businesses within this market. Especially when the business or product or service is about to enter the market or during its initial stage, and when it is not comfortable with risk-taking, or the owners of the business do not intend or not in a position to invest heavily into it. The amount of risk involved with each of the four types of Ansoff's strategies increases from market penetration to market development, to production development, to diversification. Because the both market and product development involve with one aspect of new developments, changes, and innovation. The diversification strategy is with most risk because the business is growing into both a new market and product, and thus contains with most uncertainties.

Market penetration is not only a strategy but also a measurement (in percentage) for popularity of a brand or a product in the category, in other words, the number of customers in the market that buys from a brand or product.

Strategies

Price adjustments
One of the common market penetration strategies is to lower the products' prices. Businesses aim to generate more sales volume by increasing the number of products purchased by putting on lower prices (price competition) for consumers comparing to the alternative goods. Companies may alternatively pursue strategies of higher prices depending on the demand elasticity of the product, in the hope that it will generate an increased sales volume and result in higher market penetration.

Penetration pricing
Penetration pricing is a marketing technique which is used to gain market share by selling a new product for a price that is significantly lower than its competitors. The company begins to raise the price of the product once it has achieved a large customer base and market share. Penetration pricing is frequently used by network provider and cable or satellite services companies. Many of the providers will initially offer an unbeatable price to attract customers into switching to their service and after the discount period has ended, the price increases dramatically and some customers will be forced to stay with the provider because of contract issues.

Penetration pricing benefits from the influence of word-of-mouth advertising, allowing customers to spread the words of how affordable the products are prior to business increasing the prices. It will also discourage and disadvantage competitors who are not willing to undersell and losing sales to others. However, businesses have to ensure they have enough capital to stay in surplus before the price is raised up again.

Increased promotion
Businesses can also increase their market penetration by offering promotions to customers. A promotion is a strategy often linked with pricing, used to raise awareness of the brand and generate profit to maximise their market share.

More distribution channels
A distribution channel is the connection between businesses and intermediaries before a good or service is purchased by the consumers. Distribution can also contribute to sales volumes for businesses. It can increase consumer awareness, change the strategies of competitors and alter the consumer's perception of the product and the brand, and is another method to increase market penetration.

Product improvements
Product management is crucial to a high market penetration in the targeted market and by improving the quality of products, businesses are able to attract and out-quality the competitors' products to match customers' requirements and eventually lead to more sales made. Product improvements can be utilised to create new interests in a declining product, for example by changing the design of the packaging or material/ingredients.

Market development
Market development aims at non-buying shoppers in targeted markets and new customers in order to maximise the potential market. Before developing a new market, companies should consider all the risks associated with the decision including its profitability. If a company is confident about their products, believes in their strengths, and is enticing to new consumers, then market development is a suitable strategy for the business.

Construction
Market penetration can be defined as the proportion of people in the target who bought (at least once in the period) a specific brand or a category of goods. Two key measures of a product's 'popularity' are penetration rate and penetration share. The penetration rate (also called penetration, brand penetration or market penetration as appropriate) is the percentage of the relevant population that has purchased a given brand or category at least once in the time period under study. A brand's penetration share, in contrast to penetration rate, is determined by comparing that brand's customer population to the number of customers for its category in the relevant market as a whole. Here again, to be considered a customer, one must have purchased the brand or category at least once during the period.

References

Further reading
Richardson, M., & Evans, C. (2007). Strategy in Action Applying Ansoff's Matrix. Manager: British Journal of Administrative Management, (59), i-iii.

Market (economics)
Marketing strategy
Market intelligence

Market penetration


Daisuke Tonoike (født 29. januar 1975) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Shonan Bellmare og Yokohama F. Marinos.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Daisuke Tonoike


Aurel Stoian (n. 24 aprilie 1886, Bran, comitatul Brașov, Monarhia Austro-Ungară – d. 26 ianuarie 1979, probabil Bran, județul Brașov, România) a fost medic militar, medic de spital, fost președinte al Consiliului Național și Gărzii Naționale din Bran, delegat la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918 din partea Cercului Tohanu-Vechi, președinte al ASTREI și al Societății "Crucea Roșie" filiala Bran, deputat eparhial al satelor brănene și medic-căpitan între anii 1939-1940.

Familie și studii
Aurel Stoian s-a născut în data de 24 aprilie 1886 la Bran, într-o familie cu un dezvoltat spirit patriotic față de România. Tatăl acestuia a fost în tinerețe primar al comunei Bran, iar mai apoi președintele al districtului "ASTRA" pentru satele din jurul Bran-ului, inoculându-i viitorul medic dragostea față de poporul român, prin exemplu lui. La intrarea trupelor române în Transilvania, în august 1916, tatăl împreună cu o mătușă a viitorului medic i-au întâmpinat pe aceștia cu pâine și sare, fapt pentru care la reîntoarcerea trupelor austro-ungare a fost arestat și închis la Vácz. Mama sa, Elisabeta Stoian, fiică de grănicer din comuna Orlat de lângă Sibiu, a inoculat și ea spiritul patriotic sufletul viitorului medic, prin exemplul familiei sale, deoarece avusese un unchi, maiorul Gheorghe Banciu, ce scrisese o carte cu tentă patriotică despre grăniceri români, ceea ce i-a adus demiterea din cadrul armatei habsburgice și întemnițarea pentru șase luni.

Urmează școala primară în localitatea natală, plecând apoi la Brașov pentru a continua liceul. Studiile de medicină le urmează la Facultatea de Medicină din Budapesta, unde în anul 1912 obține diploma de medic chirurg, fiind al 47-lea medic român din Imperiul Austro-Ungar, după cum și el își spunea. Universitatea din Budapesta îi va acorda, la împlinirea a 50 de ani de la absolvirea Facultății de Medicină, o medalie cu acestă ocazie.

Viața și activitatea
După absolvirea studiilor medicale este mobilizat, în contextul izbucnirii Primului Război Mondial, ca medic în actuala Bosnia-Herțegovina, apoi a fost trimis pe frontul italian, de unde va fi mai târziu transferat pe frontul din Galiția. Luptă în prima linie a frontului fiind rănit și dus la Viena pentru refacere. De aici este transferat în Transilvania pentru a fi medic de spital în regiunea Blaj - Brașov. La Brașov este numit comandant al unui spital militar din zonă, avându-l în subordine pe Iuliu Hațieganu, viitor medic de reputație, al cărui nume îl poartă actualmente Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie din Cluj-Napoca. La sfârșitul războiului devine președinte al Gărzii Naționale Române din Brașov și președinte al Consiliului Național din Bran. De aici pleacă la Alba Iulia ca delegat al Bran-ului la Marea Adunare din 1 decembrie 1918, unde îi întâlnește pe Cornel Cozma, unul dintre comandanții gărzii orașului, sau pe Mircea Suciu Sibianu, medic militar și acesta.

După acest eveniment memorabil, Aurel Stoian preferă, în ciuda posturilor mult mai avantajoase care i se oferă, să rămână medic de circumscripție la spital din Bran, pe care îl creează în 1922, devenind cel mai bun medic pe care ținutul l-a avut. Participă activ la combaterea sifilisului și a tuberculozei din zonă, regiunea fiind dată drept exemplu de către Institutul de Igienă din Cluj, condus de către profesorul Iuliu Moldovan, ca model de organizare medico-sanitară.

Ca mulți medici și tineri din vremea Primului Război Mondial, este înrolat între anii 1939-1940 în trupele armatei române, cu gradul de medic-căpitan. Întors după război în comunitatea locuitorilor Branului, pe care i-a iubit și i-a protejat întotdeauna, devine medic de familie, iar din anul 1950 medic în secția de boli cronice a Spitalului din Bran, unde și-a desfășurat activitatea până în anul 1968 când se pensionează la vârsta de 82 de ani. Moare la data de 26 ianuarie 1979, după o viață împlinită și bogată în evenimente ce au schimbat nu numai soarta acestuia, ci și soarta întregii Românii.

Note

Bibliografie
Gelu Neamțu, Mircea Vaida-Voevod, 1 decembrie 1918. Mărturii ale participanților. Ioachim Crăciun: Documente la un sfert de veac de la Marea Unire, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2005.

Lectură suplimentară
 Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Muzeul Național Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, 1998.
 Silviu Borș, Alexiu Tatu, Bogdan Andriescu, (coord.), Participanți din localități sibiene la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, Editura Armanis, Sibiu, 2015.

Legături externe
  Membrii de drept ai Marii Adunării Naționale de la Alba-Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, lista publicată în "Gazeta Oficială", Sibiu, nr. 1, 1/14 decembrie 1918
  1 decembrie 1918, Marea Unire de la Alba Iulia. Mărturii, documente și semnificații
http://www.visitbran.com/ro/Casa-memoriala-Bran/Casa-Memoriala-Aurel-Stoian-u22769.html, Casa memorială Aurel Stoian - Bran.

Vezi și
Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Medici români
Medici_militari_români
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Nașteri în 1886
Români din Austro-Ungaria

Aurel Stoian


Osmar Ibáñez (født 5. juni 1988) er en spansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Cerezo Osaka.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Spanien

Osmar Ibáñez


An Agrostis hegetschweileri in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Christian Georg Brügger. An Agrostis hegetschweileri in nahilalakip ha genus nga Agrostis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Agrostis

Agrostis hegetschweileri


Asta Dambrauskaitė (* 1976) ist eine litauische Juristin, Zivilrechtlerin und Professorin der Rechtsfakultät der Mykolo Romerio universitetas (MRU).

Leben
Nach dem Abitur 1994 an der 9. Mittelschule Vilnius absolvierte Asta Dambrauskaitė von 1994 bis 1999 das Diplomstudium der Rechtswissenschaft an der Rechtsfakultät der Vilniaus universitetas und promovierte 2006 an der MRU in der Rechtsvergleichung zum Thema "Sandorių pripažinimo negaliojančiais teisinės pasekmės – Lietuvos ir Prancūzijos teisės lyginamieji aspektai".

Von 1998 bis 1999 war sie Beraterin in der Anwaltskanzlei "Zabiela ir partneriai" konsultantė, von 2010 bis 2011 Prodekanin der Rechtsfakultät der MRU. Seit 2004 lehrt sie an der MRU. Seit 2012 ist sie Professorin am Lehrstuhl für Zivilrecht der Rechtsfakultät der MRU. 2012 wurde sie von Präsidentin Dalia Grybauskaitė als Kandidatin zum Richteramt am Gericht der Europäischen Union vorgeschlagen, aber vom europäischen Auswahlkomitee abgelehnt.

Ihre Mutter ist Genovaitė Dambrauskienė (* 1940), Arbeitsrechtlerin, Professorin für Privatrecht an der MRU-Universität.

Einzelnachweise

Privatrechtler (21. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Mykolas-Romer-Universität)
Absolvent der Universität Vilnius
Absolvent der Mykolas-Romeris-Universität
Litauer
Geboren 1976
Frau

Asta Dambrauskaitė


Pralls Island, auch Prall's Island ist eine Insel im Arthur Kill zwischen New Jersey und Staten Island. Die Insel hat eine Fläche von 32,5 Hektar und ist unbewohnt. Sie gehört vollständig zu New York City und ist seit 1984 ein Vogelschutzgebiet das vom New York City Department of Parks and Recreation betreut wird.

Geschichte

Zuerst wurde die Insel nach dem New Yorker Gouverneur Thomas Dongan Dongan's Island oder Duncan's Island genannt, erst im späten 19. Jahrhundert setzte sich der Name Pralls Island durch. Dessen Herkunft ist nicht gesichert, eventuell stammt er vom niederländischen Siedler Arent Jansen Van Naerden Prall, welcher die Insel um 1700 erwarb. Eine andere Möglichkeit ist die Benennung nach Abraham Prall, im 18. Jahrhundert ein bekannter Landwirt auf Staten Island.

Pralls Island diente zuerst dem Anbau von Spartina patens, einem Schlickgras, das als Viehfutter verkauft wurde. Die Insel vergrößerte sich in den 1930ern durch Aushubmaterial im Zuge des Fahrwasser-Ausbaus im Arthur Kill. In den 1970ern war eine Nutzung von Pralls Island als Busdepot oder Mülldeponie angedacht, diese Pläne wurden jedoch aufgegeben, nachdem der ökologische Nutzen der Insel als Brutgebiet erkannt wurde.

Die Insel beherbergt etwa 400 Wasservogel-Brutpaare, darunter Brauner Sichler, Nachtreiher, Blaureiher, Schmuckreiher, Kuhreiher und Silberreiher. Diese Arten sind zwar nicht selten, jedoch ist ihr Auftreten im dichtbesiedelten Gebiet bemerkenswert.

Weblinks
 City of New York, Parks & Recreation: Prall's Island

Insel (Nordamerika)
Insel (Atlantischer Ozean)
Insel (New York City)
Staten Island
Vogelschutzgebiet in den Vereinigten Staaten

Pralls Island


Aline Zeler (født 2. juni 1983) er en belgisk fodboldspiller, der spiller som angriber for KRC Genk i Belgiske Kvinders Super League. Fra 2018 til 2020 spillede hun for PSV, fra 2017 til 2018 spillede hun for RSC Anderlecht. Fra 2010 til 2017 spillede hun for Standard Liège. Hun har også spillet for det belgiske førstedivisionshold K Sint-Truidense VV. Hun var topscorer i det belgiske fodboldmesterskab i 2010 og 2011.

Zeler har været en del af Belgiens landshold fra 2005 til 2019. Hun har rekorden for flest spillede landskampe for Belgien med 111 kampe.

Titler
 Belgiske liga: 2011
 Belgisk cup: 2006
 BeNe Super Cup: 2011

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kvindelige fodboldspillere fra Belgien
Kvindelige fodboldlandsholdsspillere fra Belgien

Aline Zeler


Sten Scheibye (født 3. oktober 1951) er en dansk erhvervsmand og tidligere formand for bestyrelserne i Novo Nordisk Fonden, Novo Holdings A/S, Industriens Fond, Rich. Müller Fonden, RMIG A/S, Healthcare DENMARK og Knud Højgaards Fond.

Han var administrerende direktør i Coloplast A/S fra 1995 til 2008, og har derudover været medlem af bestyrelsen i Novo Nordisk A/S fra 2003 og frem til 2013 (som formand fra 2006–2013).

Han har en ph.d. i organisk kemi fra Aarhus Universitet (1981), en kandidatgrad i fysik og kemi samme sted (1978) og en bachelorgrad (marketing) fra CBS (1983).

Baggrund
Han er uddannet på Aarhus Universitet, hvorfra han har en cand.scient. i Kemi og Fysik fra 1978 og en lic.scient. i organisk kemi fra 1981. Samtidig med licentiatstudiet begyndte han på 1. del af en HD i Marketing, som han færdiggjorde på Copenhagen Business School i 1983.

Karrieren tog sin start i Leo Pharma, der dengang hed Løvens kemiske Fabrik. Scheibye havde adskillige stillinger i Leo Pharma igennem 12 år fra 1981 til 1993 - senest som koncerndirektør med ansvar for salg og markedsføring af lægemidler.

I 1993 blev han koncerndirektør for salg og marketing i Coloplast, indtil han to år efter, i 1995 blev selskabets administrerende direktør. Henover de næste 13 år, med Scheibye i spidsen, seksdoblede Coloplast sin omsætning, syvdoblede sit overskud og ottedoblede sin aktiekurs. I 2008 stoppede Scheibye, som administrerende direktør i Coloplast, hvorefter han har haft en række bestyrelsesposter.

Privat er han gift med fysioterapeut Annemette Scheibye Elbrønd. Sammen har parret to voksne børn og bor i Rungsted.

Aktive bestyrelsesposter
 Novo Nordisk Fonden (2012 - 2018. Formand fra 2013)
 Novo Holdings A/S (2013 – 2018. Formand fra 2013)
 Industriens Fond (2008 – nu. Formand fra 2011)
 Knud Højgaards Fond (2011- nu. Formand fra 2014)
 Højgaard Ejendomme A/S (2014-nu. Formand fra 2014)
 Rich. Müller-Fonden (2011 – nu. Formand fra 2013)
 RMIG A/S (2011- nu. Formand fra 2013)
 Healthcare DENMARK (2015-nu. Formand fra 2015)

Kilder

Erhvervsfolk fra Danmark
Personer i Kraks Blå Bog
Studenter fra Viborg Katedralskole
Alumni fra Aarhus Universitet

Sten Scheibye