Papa Pavao V. za vrijeme svoga pontifikata (1605. – 1621.) održao je 10 konzistorija na kojima je imenovao ukupno 60 kardinala.

Konzistorij 18. srpnja 1605. (I.)

 Scipione Caffarelli-Borghese, nećak Njegove Svetosti

Konzistorij 11. rujna 1606. (II.)
 Ludovico de Torres, mlađi, monrealski nadbiskup
 Orazio Spinola, đenovski nadbiskup
 Maffeo Barberini, nazaretski naslovni nadbiskup, nuncij u Francuskoj
 Giovanni Garzia Millini, kolosanski naslovni nadbiskup, saslušatelj Svete Rimske rote
 Bartolomeo Ferratini, mlađi, bivši amelijski biskup
 Bonifazio Cctani, kasanski biskup, prefekt Romandiole
 Marcello Lante, saslušatelj Apostolske komore
 Orazio Maffei, klerik Apostolske komore

Konzistorij 10. prosinca 1607. (III.)

 Ferenc Forgách, ostrogonski nadbiskup, Mađarska
 François de La Rochefoucald, klermontski biskup, Francuska, i propovjednik francuskoga kralja
 Jerónimo Xavierre, O.P., glavni učitelj svoga reda
 Maurizio Savojski, nećak španjolskoga kralja
 Ferdinando Gonzaga, sin mantovskoga vojvode

Konzistorij 24. studenoga 1608. (IV.)
 Michelangelo Tonti, nazaretski naslovni nadbiskup
 Fabrizio Veralli, sanseverski biskup
 Giambattista Leni, miletski biskup
 Lanfranco Margotti, apostolski protonotar
 Luigi Capponi, rizničar Apostolske komore

Konzistorij 17. kolovoza 1611. (V.)

 Decio Carafa, damaščanski naslovni nadbiskup, nuncij u Španjolskoj
 Domenico Rivarola, nazaretski naslovni nadbiskup
 Metello Bichi, sovanski biskup
 Jean de Bonsi, bezierski biskup, Francuska, razdjelitelj milostinje francuske kraljice
 Filippo Filonardi, akvinski biskup i vice-legat u Avignonu
 Pier Paolo Crescenzi, saslušatelj Apostolske komore
 Giacomo Serra, glavni blagajnik Apostolske komore
 Orazio Lancellotti, saslušatelj Svete Rimske rote
 Agostino Galamini, O.P., glavni učitelj svoga reda
 Gaspar de Borja y Velasco, kanonik u Toledu, Španjolska
 Felice Centini, O.F.M.Conv., generalni prokurator svoga reda

Konzistorij 2. prosinca 1615. (VI.)

 Francesco Vendramino, mletački patrijarh
 Louis III de Guise, remski nadbiskup, Francuska
 Roberto Ubaldini, montepulcijanski biskup, nuncij u Francuskoj
 Tiberio Muti, viterbski biskup
 Gabriel Trejo y Paniagua, kalatravski arhiđakon, Španjolska
 Baltasar Moscoso y Sandoval, dekan u Toledu, Španjolska
 Carlo de' Medici, brat toskanskoga velikog vojvode
 Vincenzo Gonzaga, brat mantovskoga vojvode
 Giulio Savelli, referent Njegove Svetosti
 Alessandro Orsini
 Melchior Klesl, bečki biskup, Austrija

Konzistorij 19. rujna 1616. (VII.)
 Alessandro Ludovisi, bolonjski nadbiskup
 Ladislao d'Aquino, venafranski biskup, guverner Perugije
 Ottavio Belmosto, bivši alerijski biskup
 Pietro Campori, preceptor nadbolnice S. Spirito in Sassia u Rimu
 Matteo Priuli
 Scipione Cobelluzzi, tajnik Apostolskih pisama i kustos arhiva tvrđave Sant'Angelo

Konzistorij 26. ožujka 1618. (VIII.)

 Henri de Gondi, pariški biskup
 Francisco Gómez Rojas de Sandoval, vojvoda od Lerme, Španjolska

Konzistorij 29. srpnja 1619. (IX.)

 Fernando Austrijski, španjolski infant, sin kralja Filipa III. Španjolskoga

Konzistorij 11. siječnja 1621. (X.)

 Francesco Cennini de' Salamandri, jeruzalemski naslovni patrijarh, amelijski biskup
 Guido Bentivoglio, rodijski naslovni nadbiskup, nuncij u Francuskoj
 Pietro Valier, kretski nadbiskup
 Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, kelnski prepozit, Njemačke
 Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, tuluski nadbiskup, Francuska
 Giulio Roma, referent Sudišta Apostolske signature pravde i milosti, guverner Perugije
 Cesare Gherardi, referent Sudišta Apostolske signature pravde i milosti
 Desiderio Scaglia, O.P., povjerenik Svete inkvizicije
 Stefano Pignatelli, apostolski protonotar
 Agustín Spínola, apostolski protonotar

Bilješke

Vidi još
 Kardinalski zbor
 Konzistorij

Izvori

Pavao 5
Kardinalski zbor

Kardinalska imenovanja pape Pavla V.


Sótjarpi (fræðiheiti: Dendragapus obscurus) er hænsnfugl af orraætt. Heimkynni hans er í skógum Klettafjalla í Bandaríkjunum. Hann er náskyldur grájarpa (Dendragapus fuliginosus) og líkur honum og voru þeir áður taldir sama tegund (bláorri).

Haninn er kallaður karri, rétt eins og karlfugl rjúpunnar, en hún er líka af orraætt.

Tenglar

Orraætt

Sótjarpi


El Monumento a la Victoria de Chacabuco, conocido también como Monumento a la Batalla de Chacabuco, y cuyo nombre oficial es A la Victoria de Chacabuco, es un monumento que conmemora la batalla de Chacabuco, la cual se desarrolló el 12 de febrero de 1817. Fue diseñado por Héctor Román Latorre, mide 20 metros de alto y fue inaugurado el 12 de febrero de 1968 con motivo del sesquicentenario de la batalla, ceremonia que contó con la presencia del entonces presidente de la República, Eduardo Frei Montalva, entre otras autoridades.

Se encuentra localizado en la carretera General San Martín, camino a Los Andes, en la comuna de Colina (Chile).

Contiene una inscripción que dice así:

Referencias

Monumentos militares de Chile
Esculturas de 1971

Monumento a la Victoria de Chacabuco


SuperTennis é um canal italiano de televisão terrestre e via satélite que transmite tênis ao vivo da Federação Italiana de Tênis. A emissora passou a transmitir em HD em 1 de maio de 2012.

Entre os vários eventos transmitidos estão a Copa Davis, a Fed Cup, o ATP Tour Masters 1000, o ATP Tour 500, os eventos ATP Tour 250 e o WTA Tour.

Ver também
 Televisão na Itália
 Sky Itália

Ligações externas

Redes de televisão da Itália
Canais de televisão esportivos

SuperTennis


Biryuk (rússneska: Бирюк; jakútska: Бүүрүк, Büürük) er á í Jakútíu (Sakha-lýðveldið) í Rússlandi. Hún er hliðará Lenu og er 267 km löng; vatnasviðið er 9.710 km².

Áin rennur yfir óbyggð svæði í Olyokminskyhéraði. Biryuk þorpið er við vinstri árbakkanum nálægt þeim stað þar sem hún rennur í Lena um 52 km frá Olyokminsk.

Farvegur
Biryuk er við vinstriárbakka Lenu og er á Lenusléttunni Áin liggur í suðurátt yfir barrskógarbeltið. Í neðri hluta farvegsins beygir hún suður við flæðisvæði Lenu og bugðast um fenjasvæðið. Að lokum rennur hún í  Lenu um 2.160 km frá ósum hennar nálægt þorpinu Biryuk og 18 km frá ánni Cherendey.

Stærsta hliðará Biryukár er Melichan (Меличан) sem er 144 km löng og sameiast henni frá hægri árbakkanum. Á vatnasvæðinu eru stöðuvötn og þeirra stærst er Ebye Kyuel. Áin frýs árlega frá október til maí.

Tilvísanir

Ytri tenglar

 Fiskveiðar og ferðaþjónusta í Yakutia

Ár í Rússlandi

Biryuká


Þorvaldur Sívertsen (f. að Núpi í Haukadal, Dal.  29. mars 1798 – d. í Skarðsþingum 30. apríl 1863). Alþingismaður og umboðsmaður í Hrappsey.

Ævi og störf

Foreldrar Þorvalds voru Sigurður "yngri" Sigurðsson (1763-1826) bóndi á Núpi í Haukadal og Fjarðarhorni í Hrútafirði, og kona hans Katrín Þorvaldsdóttir (1765-1819) húsfreyja, fædd á Þingvöllum, Snæ. Bróðir Þorvaldar var Ólafur Sívertsen (1790-1860) prófastur og alþingismaður í Flatey á Breiðafirði.

Þorvaldur stundaði jarðræktarnám í Danmörku 1818-1821, með styrk af alþjóðarfé. Gerðist þá aðstoðarmaður Skúla Magnússonar (1768-1837) sýslumanns að Skarði. Bjó að hluta í Hrappsey 1824-1834, en í Hrappsey allri 1834-1863. Umboðsmaður Skógarstrandarjarða 1824-1863. Var settur sýslumaður í Dalasýslu 1823-1837, 1837-1838, í Snæfellssýslu 1848 og Strandasýslu 1854-1855. Alþingismaður Dalamanna 1845-1851. "Hann var búhöldur ágætur, góðgerðasamur og naut mikils trausts manna."  Hann var félagi í Framfarafélagi Flateyjar og stuðningsmaður ársritsins Gests Vestfirðings. Ýmislegt liggur eftir hann í handritum og útgefið. Þorvaldur var listfengur, teiknaði í frístundum. Teiknibók, frá því um 1820, með myndum frá Kaupmannahafnarárum hans, liggur eftir hann á Þjóðminjasafni.

(Texti að megni til úr Íslenzkum æviskrám).

Fjölskylda

Kona Þorvaldar, 6. júní 1823, var Ragnhildur (1800-1852), húsfreyja, dóttir Skúla Magnússonar (1768-1837) kammerráðs, sýslumanns að Skarði og konu hans Kristínar Bogadóttur (1767-1851) húsfreyju. Ragnhildur var afburða hannyrðakona, prjónaði m.a. úr hundshári. Hjónin eignuðust fimm börn; þau eru, Katrín (1825-1828); Katrín (1829-1895) húsfreyja, giftist fyrst Lárusi M. Johnsen (1819-1859) presti í Skarðsþingum, síðar Jóni Árnasyni (1819-1888) landsbókaverði og þjóðsagnaritara. Katrín og Jón uppfóstruðu Þorvald Thoroddsen (1855-1921), systurson Katrínar, síðar prófessor og náttúrufræðing, en þau misstu eigin son sem einnig hét Þorvaldur (1868-1883); Skúli (1830-1830); Kristín Ólína (1833-1879), húsfreyja, giftist Jóni Thoroddsen (1819-1868) sýslumanni og skáldi; Skúli Sigurður (1835-1912) bóndi í Hrappsey (tók saman Skarðstrendingasögu, í handriti).

Heimild: Páll Eggert Ólason: Íslenzkar æviskrár, 1948-1976

Þorvaldur Sívertsen


Johann Simon Mayr (italiensk Giovanni Simone Mayr, født 14. juni 1763 i Bayern, død 2. december 1845 i Bergamo) var en tysk operakomponist.

Mayr studerede i Italien og slog sig tidlig ned dersteds, hvor han tilbragte det meste af sit liv. Mayr skrev oprindelig kirkemusik; men da hans første forsøg for operascenen, Saffo (1794), havde en så stor succes, bestemte dette ham til at blive operakomponist, og med de 70 operaer, han lod opføre i de følgende år (til omkring 1815), gjorde han stadig lykke, således at italienerne gerne regnede ham med til deres egne musikere. I virkeligheden skrev Mayr ganske i den ældre ital. Operastil, kun at han stræbte at give orkesterpartiet nogen større kraft og glans — hans partiturer skal have givet Rossini ideen til de berømte orkestercrescendoer —, og at han kom bort fra den herskende uskik at lade helten synge af en kvinde. Rossinis optræden stillede ganske Mayr i skygge, og hans operaer, som i hin tid var berømte og yndede, har nu hovedsagelig historisk interesse. Som lærer i Bergamos konservatorium blev Mayr den unge Donizettis vejleder. Mayrs musikhistoriske stilling er behandlet af Hermann Kretzschmar i Jahrbüch der Bibliothek Peters (1904).

Kilder

Operakomponister fra Tyskland
Tyskere i 1700-tallet
Tyskere i 1800-tallet
Personer fra Bayern

Johann Simon Mayr


Vladimir Obleščuk (26. travnja 1924. Banja Luka - 25. listopada 2010. Pula) je kazališni, dramski i filmski glumac.

U svojoj impresivnoj umjetničkoj biografiji ostvario je više od 200 uloga u kazalištu, televiziji i na filmu, a snimao je i radio-drame
i radio-romane. Glumio je u popularnim televizijskim serijama (Prosjaci i sinovi, Kapelski kresovi, U registraturi, Gruntovčani,
Putovanje u Vučjak), dramama (Nepokoreni grad, Svjetioničar, Harmonika) i u brojnim filmovima (Banović Strahinja, Hajdučka vremena, Krvopijci, Obećana zemlja).
U kazalištu je glumio raznovrsne uloge, i glavne i sporedne, već prema potrebama repertoara: od Molierea i Shakespearea do Držića i Ćopića. Podrijetlom iz Ukrajine, otkud su mu djed i baka u vrijeme Oktobarske revolucije preselili u Bosnu, Vladimir nakon mature u banjalučkoj klasičnoj gimnaziji ilegalnom vezom odlazi u partizane 1943. godine, a krajem jeseni iste godine počinje glumiti.
Nakon rata, prvo odlazi u Sarajevo u novoformirano Narodno pozorište; zatim 1947. odlazi u banjalučko pa u zeničko pozorište, da bi 1954. došao u Istru, u kazalište u Bujama, te 1956. preselio u pulsko Istarsko narodno kazalište, gdje ostaje do njegova zatvaranja 1971. Tada odlazi u Zagreb gdje djeluje kao slobodni dramski umjetnik, gostujući u HNK-u, Jazavcu, Žar ptici, Teatru ITD te u kazališnim družinama Teatar klasike, Radničko kazalište i Scena revolucije.

Filmografija

Filmske uloge
 "Maršal" kao Čavka (1999.)
 "Krvopijci" kao policajac (1989.)
 "Donator" kao Nikola Rajić (1989.)
 "Obećana zemlja" kao kolonist (1986.)
 "Pijanist" (1983.)
 "Kiklop" (1982.) i istoimena serija iz 1983.
 "Banović Strahinja" kao Stanoje (1981.)
 "Ivanjska noć" (1980.)
 "Obustava u strojnoj" (1980.)
 "Gospođica" (1980.)
 "Daj što daš" (1979.)
 "Liberanovi" (1979.)
 "Parnjača" (1979.)
 "Živi bili pa vidjeli" (1979.)
 "Priča o Zvjezdani" (1978.)
 "Tomo Bakran" kao član liječničke komisije (1978.)
 "Posljednji podvig diverzanta Oblaka" kao susjed (1978.)
 "Društvo za iznenadne radosti" (1978.)
 "Oko" kao krčmar (1978.)
 "Bombaški proces" (1977.)
 "Hajdučka vremena" kao žandar #2 (1977.)
 "Tri jablana" (1976.)
 "Tena" (1975.)
 "Pravednik" (1974.)
 "Harmonika" kao Tomo (1972.)

Televizijske uloge
 "Đuka Begović" (TV serija bazirana na filmu) kao Marijan (1991.)
 "Neuništivi" (1990.)
 "Putovanje u Vučjak" kao Komarica (1986.)
 "Hajdučki gaj" kao Bartol (1985.)
 "Smogovci" kao prodavač krumpira (1983.)
 "Nepokoreni grad" (1982.)
 "Velo misto" kao gospodin Ante (1980.)
 "Svjetionik" (1979.)
 "Nikola Tesla" kao kartaš (1977.)
 "Marija" kao seljak s konjskom zapregom (1977.)
 "Kapelski kresovi" kao konjušar Nikola (1976.)
 "Gruntovčani" kao Žmulko (1975.)
 "U registraturi" kao Nikola Medonić (1974.)
 "Prosjaci i sinovi" (1972.)

Vladimir Obleščuk


Jardin des Plantes (în română "Grădina plantelor") este o grădină botanică și zoologică din Paris cu o suprafață de 23,5 ha. Se află în centrul orașului, pe malul stâng al fluviului Sena, în sectorul 5, între Marea geamie din Paris, complexul universitar "Jussieu", Gara Austerlitz și Sena. Adăpostește sediul, laboratoarele, colecțiile, galeriile muzeale și serele Muzeului Național francez de Istorie Naturală.

Istoric
A fost proiectată în anul 1626. Acum face parte din Muzeul Național de Istorie Naturală.

Grădina a fost creată inițial ca Jardin royal des plantes médicinales de către medicii regelui, Ludovic al XIII-lea, Jean Héroard (1551–1628) și Guy de La Brosse. Directori au fost printre alții Antoine Vallot (1652-71), medicul regelui Ludovic al XIV-lea, Guy-Crescent Fagon (1693) și naturalistul Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1739), cel care a extins parcul.

Legături externe

  Jardin des Plantes

Fondări în 1626
Arondismentul 5 din Paris
Parcuri din Paris

Jardin des Plantes


La Fantaisie, op. 72, est une œuvre de la compositrice Mel Bonis, datant de 1906.

Composition
Mel Bonis compose sa Fantaisie en 1906. Il existe deux formes : l'une pour septuor pour piano, deux flûtes, deux violons, alto et violoncelle, l'autre pour piano et orchestre. La version pour septuor a été publiée à titre posthume par Kossack en 2003 sous le titre "Septett". La version pour piano et orchestre a été reconstituée par Yves Henry en 2014. L'œuvre semblait initialement dédiée au pianiste Camille Decreus, ce dernier défendant la compositrice au concert dès 1905. Une lettre de 1906 atteste que ce dernier a eu la Fantaisie entre les mains.

Structure
La Fantaisie est une œuvre qui peut être soit en un soit en quatre mouvements qui s'enchaînent, voire, pour François de Médicis, les deux en même temps. Steven Vande Moortele considère que l'œuvre est de forme sonate bidimensionnelle. L'œuvre présente les sections caractéristiques d'un mouvement de forme sonate, mais est aussi divisée en plusieurs sections, suggérant par les changements de tempo, de caractère, de tonalité, l'enchaînement des différents mouvements d'une œuvre instrumentale classique.

Il en ressort que la Fantaisie, dans son état actuel pourrait être constituée de quatre sections :
 un premier mouvement en ré bémol majeur, de tempo modéré
 un scherzo en ré majeur
 un mouvement lent en la majeur
 un final très rapide, en ré bémol majeur.

Cependant, à l'origine, elle était conçue en trois mouvements. La refonte de la Fantaisie entre 1906 et 1910 laisse supposer que cela aurait pu se faire au moment des cours suivis auprès de Charles Koechlin. Cependant, vu la critique qu'il en fait dans La Chronique des arts et de la curiosité, il est peu probable qu'il y ait été associé.

Analyse
L'œuvre, dans sa version pour orchestre, est en trois mouvements qui s'enchaînent et s'interpénètrent. Les mouvements s'échangent et combinent les thèmes avec une indépendance qui n'est point exclusive d'un grand souci d'ensemble et d'unité. Le piano s'y garde d'afficher une virtuosité agressive et l'orchestre, d'une couleur volontairement estompée y tient une place volontiers prépondérante. Charles Koechlin rapproche, dans La Chronique des arts et de la curiosité, des Variations symphoniques pour piano et orchestre de César Franck ou encore de la Ballade pour piano et orchestre de Gabriel Fauré. L'œuvre fait partie du genre de la tradition classique. Elle fait usage de la transformation thématique.

La Fantaisie adopte un patron similaire à la Wanderer-Fantasie, ou même encore de la Fantaisie en fa mineur pour piano à quatre mains de Franz Schubert. Pour François de Médicis, l'usage du terme  pourrait indiquer un hommage voire une filiation entre Schubert et Bonis. De plus, les trois fantaisies introduisent un mouvement interne écrit dans une tonalité éloignée et plutôt rare, un demi-ton au-dessus du ton principal.

Dans sa Fantaisie en septuor, la compositrice exploite également les traits de tierces et de sixtes alternées, tout comme dans le Quatuor avec piano .

 Réception
L'œuvre est jouée pour la première fois dans sa version orchestrale le 30 janvier 1910, sous la direction de Gabriel Pierné, avec  au piano. Louis Perret, critique à L'Aurore, écrit que . L'auteur dit aussi que . Enfin, il souligne que . Plusieurs autres journaux parlent de ce concert, comme Les Annales du théâtre et de la musique, qui présente la compositrice comme , alors qu'elle n'a jamais été élève de Jules Massenet.

La Revue musicale de Lyon fait aussi la critique de ce concert, de façon peu élogieuse : . Le lien entre l'interprétation de la Fantaisie et les sifflets qu'elle a reçu s'inscrit dans le contexte de la , et est explicité par l'article du Figaro : .

Charles Koechlin explique même que l'œuvre de Mel Bonis, si elle n'égale les maîtres , est très distinguée, très musicale, pleine de jolis détails, et par moments avec une réelle sensibilité. Le reste de la critique se partage entre commentaires polis mais peu enthousiastes et piques acerbes. À la suite de cette pauvre réussite, la compositrice semble avoir une période d'incertitude. Cependant, elle n'arrête pas de composer, puisque plusieurs autres œuvres suivront, mais on ne sait pas si elle a jamais retouché au genre symphonique.

La Fantaisie'' a été jouée, sous sa forme pour septuor, au château de Morsbroich, à Leverkusen, en 1998, en coopération avec la Société franco-allemande. Elle est jouée à nouveau sous la même forme le 8 mars 2022 au Théâtre des Champs Elysées à Paris.

Edition disponible

 Version septuor, pour piano, quatuor à cordes et 2 flûtes, Sous le titre "Septett": Editions Kossack, Rheinfelden, Allemagne, 2003

 Version orchestre, reconstitution par Yves Henry: Editions Furore, Kassel, Allemagne, 2023

Discographie
 Mel Bonis, La joueuse de flûte, la Fantaisie en Septuor par Tatjiana Ruhland et les musiciens du Stuttgart Radio Symphony, Hanssler Classic, réedition 2020

Références

Sources

Liens externes

Œuvre de Mel Bonis
Œuvre symphonique
Œuvre réalisée en 1906

Fantaisie de Bonis


Simone Magill, née le  à Magherafelt au Royaume-Uni, est une footballeuse internationale nord-irlandaise. Elle évolue actuellement à Aston Villa au poste d'attaquante.

Biographie

En club
Née à Magherafelt, Magill commence à jouer au football pour Cookstown Youth, avant de passer à Mid Ulster, où elle sera promue équipe première. Au cours des saisons 2010-2011 et 2011-2012, Magill remportera le titre de joueuse de l'année de la Women's Premiership. Elle termine également la saison 2012 en tant que meilleure buteuse avec 18 buts.

À 18 ans, la nord-irlandaise rejoint Everton en FA Women's Super League après un essai concluant en 2013. Elle est ensuite élue joueuse de la saison par les supporters lors de la saison 2014-2015. Souffrant d'une blessure, Magill est mise à l'écart pour une grande partie de la saison 2016, mais revient pendant les séries de printemps 2017, marquant 5 buts en seulement 7 apparitions.

En juin 2017, Magill signe son premier contrat professionnel avec Everton. Elle devient la deuxième joueuse d'Everton et la première footballeuse nord-irlandaise à signer contrat professionnel. En mai 2019, elle remporte le prix de la joueuse de la saison d'Everton.

En équipe nationale
Magill représente l'Irlande du Nord en équipe de jeunes tout au long de sa carrière et fait ses débuts internationaux à l'âge de 15 ans. Elle est capitaine des sélections des moins de -17 ans et moins de -19 ans.

En juin 2016, Magill obtient le record mondial du but le plus rapidement inscrit au niveau international féminin lors d'un match des éliminatoires de l'Euro 2017 contre la Géorgie. Le but de 11 secondes bat le précédent record de 12 secondes marqué par l'attaquante américaine Alex Morgan.

Elle participe aux barrages de l'Euro 2022 contre l'Ukraine. Lors du match retour en Ukraine, elle inscrit le but de la victoire, scellant le score à 2-1. L'Irlande du Nord s'impose 4-1 sur l'ensemble des deux matchs, qualifiant l'équipe pour l'Euro 2022. C'est la première fois que l'Irlande du Nord se qualifie pour un tournoi international majeur.

Le , elle est sélectionnée par Kenny Shiels pour disputer l'Euro 2022.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeuse internationale nord-irlandaise
Joueuse de l'Everton FC
Joueuse de l'Aston Villa WFC
Naissance en novembre 1994
Naissance dans le comté de Londonderry

Simone Magill


Vasilije "Vasa" Eškićević (Irig, 13. siječnja 1867. — Novi Sad, 3. veljače 1933.) je bio srpski slikar i nastavnik crtanja, a pisao je i pjesme.

Životopis
Rođen je u Irigu, od oca Koste ratara i majke Ljube rođ. Lazić iz Bukovca. Osnovnu školu je završio u rodnom mjestu, učio je brijački zanat, ali ga je zbog umjetnosti napustio.

Poslije toga je otišao u Beč i upisao privatnu slikarsku školu. U Beču je pohađao i večernji tečaj crtanja pri Akademiji likovnih umjetnosti. Poslije tri godine školovanja u Beču otišao je u Rusiju gdje je završio petogodišnju umjetničku školu, kao stipendist ruske države. Poslije te škole pohađao je još tri godine privatni institut kneginje Tenišove u Petrogradu gdje mu je mentor bio poznati ruski realist Ilja Rjepin, a 1900. godine je kao Rjepinov učenik primljen u Carsku akademiju umjetnosti, koju je završio 1908. dobivši diplomu za sliku "Zabajkalski kozaci u mandžurskim klancima". Do Prvog svjetskog rata ostao je u Rusiji kao nastavnik crtanja i izlagao u Moskvi i Petrogradu.

Kad je počeo Prvi svjetski rat došao je u Srbiju i postao dobrovoljac, ratni slikar Prve srpske armije. Kao dobrovoljac u vojsci je proveo pet godina i prošao golgotu Albanije, boravak na Krfu i proboj Solunskog bojišta. Poslije toga vratio se u Irig. Nedugo nakon toga preselio se u Novi Sad, u kojem je nastavio živjeti sve do smrti, 1933. godine.

Najveći dio njegovih starijih slika ostao je u Petrogradu. Osim slika koje se nalaze u Rusiji, opus mu sačinjavaju uglavnom portreti ratnika, scene i položaji iz rata i, rjeđe, pejzaži. Radio je u stilu akademskog realizma. Prema novijim stavovima likovne kritike, u njegovim djelima ima elemenata ekspresionizma.

Bavio se i književnim radom i prevođenjem. Bio je član književnog odsjeka Matice srpske. Pjesme, članke i prijevode objavljivao je u "Otadžbini" (1892.), "Luči" (1896.—99.), "Braniku" (1898. – 99. i 1904.), "Srbadiji" (1923.—24.), "Severnoj Srbiji" (1925.—26.). Njegov životopis, skice i ostali rukopisi čuvaju se u Rukopisnom odsjeku Matice srpske.

Njegova obitelj je najvrjedniji dio umjetničke ostavštine poklonila Galeriji Srpske čitaonice i knjižnice u Irigu. Najveći privatni kolekcionar njegovih slika s motivima iz Prvog svjetskog rata bio je srpski kriminalac i ratni zločinac Željko Ražnatović Arkan.

Umro je u Novom Sadu, 2. veljače 1933. godine.

Galerija

Izvori

Vojvođanski slikari

Vasa Eškićević


القاصر مصطلح يستخدم في القانون للدلالة على الطفل. و القاصر نوعان قاصر مميز وقاصر غير مميز، في القانون الوضعي التونسي القاصر المميز هو الذي تجاوز سنه 13 سنة والقاصر غير المميز هو من لم يتم الثالثة عشرة سنة.

تعريف القاصر حسب الدولة

الولايات المتحدة
في الولايات المتحدة القاصر هو كل شخص دون سن الـ18 إلا سن المساءلة القانونية يبدأ قبل هذا العمر.

المملكة المتحدة
في إنكلترا، ويلز، وآيرلندا الشمالية، القاصر هو كل شخص دون الـ18 من عمره، وفي اسكتلندا دون الـ16 من عمره. لكن سن المساءلة عن الجريمة في إنكلترا وويلز وآيرلندا الشمالية يبدأ من 10 سنوات، وفي اسكتلندا من 8 سنوات.

لا يسمح القانون البريطاني لمن هم دون الـ18 بالتصويت، الترشح، الزواج، شراء الكحول أو منتجات التبغ.

أستراليا
في ولاية كوينزلاند، القاصر هو أي شخص عمره دون 17 سنة، وفي بقية الولايات الأسترالية، دون 18 سنة.

انظر أيضاً
 العنف ضد الأطفال
 مدرسة إصلاحية
 تمرد المراهقة
 هارب (تابع)
 إدمان مخدرات
 النفور من الآباء
 تعسف الأبناء مع الآباء

مراجع

أطفال
تفرقة عمرية
شباب
طفولة
مصطلحات قانونية

قاصر


Obični likovac (lat. Daphne mezereum) otrovna je biljka iz porodice vrebinovki (Thymelaeaceae). Raste širom Europe, te u zapadnoj Aziji. U principu raste na vapnenastom tlu. Listopadni je to grm koji naraste do 1,5 m visine. Cvate u rano proljeće. Listovi su meki 3– 8 cm dugi i do 2 cm široki. Cvjetovi su svijetle purpurne boje, rijetko bijeli a plod je crvena boba promjera do 12 mm, vrlo otrovna za ljude. Kod nas raste pretežno u listopadnim hrastovim i bukovim šumama (Gorski kotar, Velebit, Medvednica, Ivanščica, Bilogora, Papuk).

Otrovne tvari
Diterpen mezerein, gorki kumarinski glikozid dafnin te
umbeliferon.

Dodatna literatura
Manfred A. Fischer: Exkursionsflora von Österreich, Stuttgart 1994,

Vanjske poveznice
 Smrtno otrovno bilje u Hrvatskoj flori

Izvori

Vrebinovke
Otrovne biljke

Obični likovac


ශ්‍රී ලංකාවෙහි ජනාධිපතිවරයා යනු, තේරී පත් වන  රාජ්‍ය නායකයා සහ රජයෙහි ප්‍රධානියා වෙයි. ජනාධිපතිවරයා යනු  ශ්‍රී ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රමුඛතම දේශපාලන චරිතය වෙයි.  මෙම තනතුර 1972 වසරෙහිදී පිහිටුවනු ලැබූවේ, වඩාත්  සම්මාණනීය තනතුරක් ලෙසිණි. ජේ. ආර්. ජයවර්ධන විසින් ඉදිරිපත් කරනු ලද 1978 ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව පරිදී මෙම තනතුර වෙත විධායක බලය එක් කරන ලදි.

ජනාධිපතිවරු
පක්ෂ

1 වන විධායක ජනාධිපති - ගරු ජේ.ආර්.ජයවර්ධන මහතා

2 වන විධායක ජනාධිපති - ගරු රණසිංහ ප්‍රේමදාස මහතා

3 වන විධායක ජනාධිපති - ගරු ඩී.බී.විජේතුංග මහතා

4 වන විධායක ජනාධිපති - ගරු චන්‍ද්‍රිකා කුමාරතුංග මහත්මිය

5 වන විධායක ජනාධිපති - ගරු මහින්ද රාජපක්‍ෂ මහතා

6 වන විධායක ජනාධිපති - ගරු මෛත්‍රිපාල සිරිසේන මහතා

7 වන විධායක ජනාධිපති - ගරු ගෝඨාභය රාජපක්‍ෂ මහතා

8 වන විධායක ජනාධිපති - ගරු රනිල් වික්‍රමසිංහ  මහතා

මූලාශ්‍ර

List
Sri Lanka, Presidents
Presidents
ශ්‍රී ලංකාව

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ජනාධිපතිවරු ලැයිස්තුව


Soga, or Lusoga, is a Bantu language spoken by the Soga people of the Busoga region in Eastern Uganda. With over three million speakers, it is one of the major languages of Uganda, after English, Swahili, and Luganda. However, it is largely restricted to the Busoga region, which is mainly within the natural boundaries of Lake Victoria to the south, Lake Kyoga to the north, the Nile river to the west and the Mpologoma ('Lion') river to the east of Namutumba district. It is tonal.

History and development
The Soga language is very similar to the neighbouring languages Luganda and Gwere as all 3 descend from a common ancestor language (Proto-North Nyanza).

The written form of Soga is only as recent as the arrival of the Arab and European traders and missionaries. It first appeared in print in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Soga is used in some primary schools in Busoga as pupils begin to learn English, an official language of Uganda. It is also taught in secondary schools and is offered as a course subject in tertiary institutions such as Busoga University, Kyambogo University and Makerere University.

Dialects
Soga has several dialects dating to the intermingling of people during the early migration period of the 17th and 18th centuries.  There were so many dialects that it was difficult to reach agreement on the correct way to spell or pronounce certain words. For instance, in the north of Busoga, there is an 'H' in many words which does not appear in dialects of southern Busoga. Thus Busoga was divided into two dialect zones. Across the northern zone, the dialects Lulamogi and Lupakoyo were spoken. Lupakoyo closely resembled Nyoro. It had a close belt of Runyoro associated dialects running east from Bunyoro, across the northern region of Buganda, across northern Busoga and through Bugwere, which is east of Busoga. In the southern part of Busoga a dialect known as Lutenga was traditionally spoken which resembled Luganda. Related dialects were also spoken in the Ssese Islands, Buvuma Island and eastern Buganda.

But with the establishment of the Lusoga Language Authority (LULA), Busoga Kingdom has promoted a standardised Lusoga language. It has done research on the Lusoga language and published literature in Lusoga. Its publications can be found at the Busoga Cultural Centre Offices library located in the Nile garden in Jinja, Uganda. Others are available in bookshops throughout Busoga and in major bookstores in Kampala and other parts of the country. Some of the more accomplished Lusoga publications include a Lusoga Bible, grammar books, riddles, proverbs, several story books and dictionaries e.g. Eibwanio English/Lusoga – Lusoga/English dictionary. A limited online version is available.

Phonology

Vowels

Consonants

Sounds in parentheses are attested, but rare.

Writing system

Basic grammar and vocabulary
In common with other tonal Bantu languages, Lusoga has a noun class system in which prefixes on nouns mark membership of one of the noun genders. Pronouns, adjectives, and verbs reflect the noun gender of the nominal they refer to. Some examples of noun classes:

Possessive prefixes
In the Bantu languages around the Lake Victoria region in Uganda, nouns are reflected mainly by changing prefixes: human beings are indicated by the prefix Ba- (plural), and Mu- (singular), and the name of the country Bu-.

mu- person (singular), e.g.  'native of Busoga land'
bu- land, e.g.  'land of the Soga'
lu- language, e.g.  'language of the Soga'
ba- people, e.g.  'the Soga people'
ki- customs or traditions, e.g.  describes religious tradition or culture common to the Soga people.

Self-standing pronouns
 – 'me'
 – 'you'

Always attached to a verb
 – 'I'
 – 'you' (singular)
 – 'he/she'
 – 'we/us'
 – 'you' (plural)
 – 'they'

Demonstratives
 – 'here'
 – 'this (thing)'
 – 'this (person)'
 – 'that (person)'
 – 'these (things)'
 – 'those (things)'

Interrogatives
 – 'who'
 – 'what'
 – 'why'
 – 'how'

Greetings
Greeting in Soga is accomplished just as it is in western countries. However, it assumes a more personal nature and just as in the West, its form depends on the time of the day and the elapsed time since the last contact with the greeter.

The following dialogue illustrates the basic form to greet a peer or an elder in a respectful manner:

Person A:
 – 'How did you sleep/(How was your day), sir (madam)?'
Person B:
 – 'Well, how did you sleep (how was your day), sir (madam)?'
Person A:
 – 'Well, sir (madam)'

The personal nature of the greetings ensues when the individual being greeted chooses to answer the question instead of merely responding with good or fine.  It is somewhat like being asked, "how do you do?" and responding, "how do you do?" However, in Soga, the individual being greeted is free to actually delve into the fine details.

Additionally, simply drop sir/madam to achieve the same effect as in English. The above dialog only addresses greeting one person because some words change into multiple others e.g.  is the combination of a singular prefix ( – 'you'), word ( – 'sleep'), and singular postfix ( – 'how did') spoken as one with a plural form that subsequently becomes , which is composed of two distinct words emerging from two different plural prefixes, a word, and the plural form of the postfix. It is sometimes impossible to not separate the plural form.

Introductions
 – 'I am Kateme'

Some common verbs
When conjugating the verb, remove  and replace it with the required pronoun i.e. , , , , , .

Example:
 – 'to work/to do'
 – 'I work/do'
 – 'you work/do'
 – 'he/she works/does'
 – 'we work/do'
 – 'you work/do' (plural)
 – 'they work/do'
 – 'to work/to do'
 – 'to read/to study'
 – 'to drink'
 – 'to eat' (the above example does not work with all forms of all words, as some verbs are irregular e.g. the singular form here is )
 – 'to walk'
 – 'to drive/to ride'
 – 'to be able to'
 – 'to carry/to take'
 – 'to laugh'

Numbers

After 1 to 10 and 20, 30, 40, the other numbers build off the same pattern.

Telling the time
Hours of darkness in Soga correspond to p.m. to include early morning hours. Essentially, the number representing the current hour simply subtracts six from the number in English. A Musoga waking up at what English speakers would call 10:15 a.m. would instead say  ('the time is 4:15 in the morning'). Time is said using the word , e.g.,  – 7 o'clock.

Food
 – 'food'
 – 'sugar'
 – 'coffee'
 – 'milk'
 – 'chicken'
 – 'teaspoon'
 – 'plate'
 – 'saucepan'
 – 'cup'

General phrases and vocabulary
 – 'how much' (price)
 – ''
 – 'table'
 – 'house'
 – 'kitchen'
 – 'door'
 – 'chair'
 – 'wait!'
 – 'journey, trip'
 – 'get out'
 – 'tomorrow'
 – 'yesterday'
 – 'slow'
 – 'quick'
 – 'mister'
 – 'miss'
 – 'my friend!'
 – 'my friends!' (commonly used as an exclamation)
 – 'under'
 – 'paternal aunt'
 – 'person'
 – 'man'
 – 'woman'
 – 'child'
 – 'white man/person'
 – 'in-law'
 – 'lamp'
 – 'moon, month'

See also
 Ugandan monarchies – Uganda's other kingdoms
 Lusoga Language Authority – organization promoting the use of the Lusoga language

References

 Fallers, Margaret Chave (1960) The Eastern Lacustrine Bantu (Ganda and Soga). Ethnographic survey of Africa: East central Africa, Vol 11. London: International African Institute.
 Van der Wal, Jenneke (2004) Lusoga Phonology. MA Thesis, Leiden University.
 Cohen, David William (1970). A survey of interlacustrine chronology. The Journal of African History, 1970, 11, 2, 177–202.
 Cohen, David William (1986). Towards a reconstructed past : Historical texts from Busoga, Uganda. Fontes historiae africanae. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 Fallers, Lloyd A. (1965)  Bantu Bureaucracy – A Century of Political evolution among the Basoga of Uganda. Phoenix Books, The University of Chicago.

External links
 Busoga Kingdom Online – Lusoga An online summary of the Lusoga language by the Busoga Kingdom Online
 Lusoga – English Dictionary Online Lusoga – English Dictionary by Webster's
Eibwanio: Lusoga-English Dictionary

 Downloadable Lusoga language and literature resources by Cornelius Wambi Gulere

Languages of Uganda
Nyoro-Ganda languages

Soga language


In aeronautics, a ducted fan is a thrust-generating mechanical fan or propeller mounted within a cylindrical duct or shroud. Other terms include ducted propeller or shrouded propeller. When used in vertical takeoff and landing
(VTOL) applications it is also known as a shrouded rotor.

Ducted fans are used for propulsion or direct lift in many types of vehicle including aeroplanes, airships, hovercraft, and powered lift VTOL aircraft. The high-bypass turbofan engines used on many modern airliners is an example of a very successful and popular use of ducted fan design.

The duct increases thrust efficiency by up to 90% in most cases, in comparison to a similar-sized propeller in free air. Ducted fans are quieter, and offer good opportunities for thrust vectoring. The shroud offers good protection to ground personnel from accidentally contacting the spinning blades, as well as protecting the blades themselves from external debris or objects. By varying the cross-section of the duct the designer can advantageously affect the velocity and pressure of the airflow according to Bernoulli's principle.

Drawbacks include increased weight due to the added structure of the shroud, a need for precision in tolerances of blade-tip to shroud clearance, a need for better vibration control compared to free-air propellers, and complex duct design requirements. Lastly, when at high angles of attack, the shroud can stall and produce high drag.

Design
A ducted fan has three main components; the fan or propeller which provides thrust or lift, the duct or shroud which surrounds the fan, and the engine or motor which powers the fan.

Fan
Like any other fan, propeller or rotor, a ducted fan is characterised by the number of blades. The Rhein Flugzeugbau (RFB) SG 85 had three blades, while the Dowty Rotol Ducted Propulsor had seven. The blades may be of fixed or variable pitch.

Duct
The duct or shroud is an aerodynamic ring which surrounds the fan and closely fits the blade tips. It must be made rigid enough not to distort under flight loads nor touch the blades as they turn. The duct performs several functions:

Principally, it reduces the vortices created by air flowing round the ends of the blades. This reduces the aerodynamic losses or drag, thus increasing the overall efficiency of the fan. Because of this, the fan can either be used to provide increased thrust and aircraft performance, or be made smaller than the equivalent free propeller.

It provides acoustic shielding which, together with the reduced energy waste, significantly cuts noise emissions from the propeller.

It acts as a protective device, both to protect objects such as ground staff from being hit by the whirling blades, and to protect the blades from damage during such an impact.

The reduced tip vortices also mean that the fan wake is less turbulent. With careful design, the heated discharge from the engine cooling system can be injected into the low-turbulence fan wake to increase thrust.

Powerplant
A ducted fan may be powered by any kind of motor capable of turning the fan. Examples include piston, rotary (Wankel), and turboshaft combustion engines, as well as electric motors.

The fan may be mounted directly on the powerplant output shaft, or driven remotely via an extended drive shaft and gearing. In the remote arrangement, several fans may be driven by a single powerplant.

Ducted propulsor
An assembly designed throughout as a single integrated unit is referred to as a fan pod or ducted propulsor.

An advantage of the pod approach is that the design of each component can be matched to the others, helping to maximise performance and minimise weight. It also eases the vehicle designer's task of integration with the vehicle and its systems.

Limitations
 Good efficiency requires very small clearances between the blade tips and the duct.
 Efficiency advantages are reduced, and may even be reversed, at lower rotation speeds, thrust levels and airspeeds.
 Requires reduced vibration levels compared to a free propeller or rotor.
 Complex duct design, and weight increase even if constructed from advanced composites.
 At high angle of attack, parts of the duct will stall and produce aerodynamic drag.

Applications

In aircraft applications, the operating speed of an unshrouded propeller is limited since tip speeds approach the sound barrier at lower speeds than an equivalent ducted fan. The most common ducted fan arrangement used in full-sized aircraft is a turbofan engine, where the power to turn the fan is provided by a gas turbine. High bypass ratio turbofan engines are used on nearly all civilian airliners, while military fighters usually make use of the better high-speed performance of a low bypass ratio turbofan with a smaller fan diameter. However, a ducted fan may be powered by any source of shaft power such as a reciprocating engine, Wankel engine, or electric motor. A kind of ducted fan, known as a fantail or by the trademark name Fenestron, is also used to replace tail rotors on helicopters.

Ducted fans are favored in VTOL aircraft such as the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, and other low-speed designs such as hovercraft for their higher thrust-to-weight ratio.

In some cases, a shrouded rotor can be 94% more efficient than an open rotor. The improved performance is mainly because the outward flow is less contracted and thus carries more kinetic energy.

Among model aircraft hobbyists, the ducted fan is popular with builders of high-performance radio controlled model aircraft. Internal-combustion glow engines combined with ducted-fan units were the first achievable means of modeling a scaled-size jet aircraft. Despite the introduction of model-scale turbojet engines, electric-powered ducted fans remain popular on smaller, lower-cost model aircraft. Some electric-powered ducted fan airplanes can reach speeds of more than 320km/h (200mph).

Most types of fans used in computers contain a duct integrated into the fan assembly; the duct is also used for mechanically mounting the fan to other components.

See also
Geared turbofan (a form of jet engine)
Ducted propeller (in marine applications)

References

Aircraft propulsion components
Aircraft engines
Ventilation fans

Ducted fan


Wuhan Open 2018 var en tennisturnering, der blev spillet udendørs på hardcourt-baner i Optics Valley International Tennis Center i Wuhan, Folkerepublikken Kina i perioden 23. - 29. september 2018. Det var den femte udgave af Wuhan Open, og turneringen blev afviklet under navnet Dongfeng Motor Wuhan Open på grund af et sponsorat fra Dongfeng Motor Corporation. De blev spillet om titler i damesingle og damedouble.

Damesingletitlen blev vundet af 20-årige Aryna Sabalenka, som dermed vandt en WTA-turnering for anden gang i sin karriere, idet hun i september 2018 havde vundet den første titel ved Connecticut Open. I finalen besejrede hun Anett Kontaveit med 6-3, 6-3. Det var andet år i træk, at singlefinalen i Wuhan Open var en opgør mellem to useedede spillere, og begge finalister avancerede til nye personlige rekorder på WTA's verdensrangliste: Sabalenka til 16.-pladsen og Kontaveit til 21.-pladsen. Caroline Garcia var forsvarende mester men tabte i anden runde til Kateřina Siniaková.

Finalen i doublerækken sluttede også 6-3, 6-3, og sejren gik til Elise Mertens og Demi Schuurs, der vandt over Andrea Sestini Hlaváčková og Barbora Strýcová. Det belgisk-hollandske par vandt dermed deres femte WTA-titel som makkere, og deres fjerde titel i 2018. Sejren var imidlertid deres største indtil da, eftersom deres første fire titler var vundet i de lavere rangerende WTA International-turneringer. De forsvarende doublemestre, Martina Hingis og Latisha Chan stillede ikke op. Hingis havde indstillet sin karriere, og annoncerede umiddelbart efter turneringen var slut, at hun var gravid med sit første barn, mens Chan døjede med en skade.

Præmier

Den samlede præmiesum for turneringen androg $ 2.445.250 og fordelte sig som følger.

Resultater

Damesingle

Hovedturnering

Hovedturneringen havde deltagelse af 56 spillere, der fordelte sig på:
 44 direkte kvalificerede spillere i form af deres placering på WTA's verdensrangliste pr. 13. august 2018 (seks uger før turneringens start).
 Tre af disse spillere meldte efterfølgende afbud, hvilket gav plads til tre lucky losere fra kvalifikationen (markeret med LL).
 4 spillere, der havde modtaget et wildcard (markeret med WC).
 8 spillere fra kvalifikationsturneringen (markeret med Q).

Kvalifikation

Kvalifikationen havde deltagelse af 32 spillere, der spillede om de sidste otte ledige pladser i hovedturneringen. Følgende spillere kvalificerede sig til hovedturneringen:
  Wang Yafan
  Kateřina Siniaková
  Monica Puig
  Viktorija Golubic
  Rebecca Peterson
  Wang Xiyu
  Sara Sorribes Tormo
  Sofia Kenin

Følgende spillere gik videre til hovedturneringen som lucky losere:
  Markéta Vondroušová
  Polona Hercog
  Monica Niculescu

Damedouble

Damedoublerækken havde deltagelse af 28 par, der fordelte sig på:
 26 direkte kvalificerede par i form af deres placering på WTA's verdensrangliste.
 2 par, der havde modtaget et wildcard (markeret med WC).

Eksterne henvisninger
 Wuhan Open

Noter

2018
WTA Tour 2018

Wuhan Open 2018


Turgutlu, Adana ilinin Kozan ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Adana iline 78 km, Kozan ilçesine 8 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kozan'ın mahalleleri

Turgutlu, Kozan


Wikifonia fue una editorial en línea de partituras, que combinaba tecnología basada en MusicXML con un sistema wiki.

Desarrollo
El sistema Wikifonia fue desarrollado mediante colaboración entre varias instituciones de educación superior en Gante (Bélgica). En marzo de 2005, los investigadores del proyecto recibieron el Premio Creatividad para los Negocios AUGent (Asociación de la Universidad de Gante). El sistema se puso en marcha el 6 de noviembre de 2006.

Derechos de autor
El sistema Wikifonia apunta a la creación de música, la publicación de canciones tradicionales de dominio público y la publicación de música con derechos de autor previos.

El sitio web de música de Wikifonia utiliza una licencia llamada Musi©opy, una organización de derechos de autor con sede en la Países Bajos. Los derechos se pagan por la Fundación Wikifonia, una organización sin fines de lucro fundada en julio de 2006.

Wiki
En el sitio web de Wikifonia se podía navegar y descargar la partitura en formato PDF o MusicXML, sin necesidad de registro o suscripción.

Para subir música, en formato MusicXML, y para enviar comentarios sobre la música publicada se requiere inicio de sesión o registro.

Cese de operación

El 31 de diciembre de 2013 el sitio web indicaba que dejaba de estar activo.

Véase también
 Lista de bases de datos de música en línea
 MuseScore
 Encore
 Finale (programa)
 LilyPond
 Sibelius
 Lead sheet (en inglés)
 OMR (en inglés)
 MusicXML (en inglés)

Enlaces externos
 Wikifonia Sitio web de Wikifonia .

Referencias

Sitios web de música
Bases de datos en línea
Comunidades wiki

Wikifonia


ارزي هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء صيدا في محافظة الجنوب.

عائلاتها
من ابرز عائلاتها جزيني، متيرك، قانصو، شنبورة، شرقاوي، دياب، مروة، الصغير، حمود، شراره، خشمان، إبراهيم و عكوش.

حدودها
تقع هذه القرية في جنوب لبنان وتتبع إداريّاً لقضاء صيداألزهراني. تحدّها قرى الزرارية والخرايب ومطريّة الشومر ويمرّ على أطرافها نهر الليطاني. تتميّز بوجود غابة جميلة تدعى غابة التنّور ويوجد في هذه الغابة نبع صغير يسمّى نبع التنّور.

الطرقات
طرقات البلدة:
 الطريق العام:طريق المحارب القديم
 ارزي الزرارية بريقع لقصيبة عدشيت النبطية
 طريق فرعي من البلدة تؤدي إلى نهر الليطاني من حي النهر
 وطريق اخر من حي الحماري يؤدي أيضا إلى النهر

آثارها ومميزاتها
يوجد عدد كبير من المغاور (مغارة السبع أبواب، مغارة السدّة، مغارة الشاي، مغارة الوطاويط....) بالإضافة إلى بعض النواويس القديمة.

سكانها
يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 3000 نسمة بينهم 1200 ناخب.

جغرافيتها
ترتفع عن سطح البحر 250 م وكما تتبع لها مطرية الشومر

المجلس البلدي والحياة الثقافية
في البلدة مجلس بلدي مؤلف من 12 عضو ومختارين ومجلس شبابي بلدي يوجد عدد كبير من الاساتذة والأطبّاء والممرّضين وحملة الاجازات والشهادات العليا في البلدة. يوجد في البلدة مدرسة رسميّة وأخرى خاصّة كما يوجد فيها معهد تقني.

الزراعة والصناعة
تعتمد البلدة على الزراعة كمورد للعيش حيث ان أغلبية سكانها تعتمد في معيشتها على الزراعة وبالاخص زراعة التبغ، الفاصوليا، البندورة، الخيار، الخس، الملفوف، والباذنجان. كديلك تحتوي البلدة على العديد من معامل الحجارة ومعمل للحجر الصخري ومصنع للورق والمحارم.

الهجرة من البلدة
يوجد عدد كبير من شباب البلدة ومنذ عشرات السنوات ركب شراع الهجرة إلى بلاد الاغتراب باحثا عن لقمة العيش. يتوزع المغتربون في ساحل العاج، غينيا الاستوائية، ألمانيا، فرنسا، البرازيل وغيرها من البلدان.

الشهداء
تعتبر ارزي كاخواتها من جبل عامل فقد قدمت عدد من الشهداء في مواجهة العدو الصهيوني الغاشم هم الشهيد احمد إبراهيم الشرقاوي والشهيد احمد اديب جزيني والعديد من الذين حاربوا العدو في اجتياح 1982 نفذ في البلدة ابان اجتياح 1982 عمليات نوعية أبرزها للشهيد نعمة هاشم ادت إلى مقتل قيادي مهم في جيش الاحتلال بالإضافة للعديد من الجنود على طريق ارزي الزرارية.

المراجع

قرى جبل عامل

ارزي


Þjónustustorkur (fræðiheiti: Leptoptilos dubius), einnig kallaður hinn indverski marabúi, aðjútantstorkur eða argali, er tegund storka.

Heimildaskrá

Storkar

Þjónustustorkur


Gara Jebel este o gară care deservește comuna Jebel, județul Timiș, România.

Jebel

Gara Jebel


Warped! é uma série de televisão de comédia americana criada por Kevin Kopelow e Heath Seifert e foi exibida pela Nickelodeon em 16 de janeiro e 31 de março de 2022. A série é estrelada por Kate Godfrey, Anton Starkman, Ariana Molkara e Christopher Martinez.

No Brasil, a série estreou em 1 de abril de 2022, pela Nickelodeon Brasil.

Premissa
Warped! segue Milo, o amado chefe geek e gerente de uma popular loja de quadrinhos, Warped!, cujo microcosmo é interrompido quando seu chefe contrata a barulhenta e excitável Ruby.

Personagens

Principais
 Kate Godfrey como Ruby, uma adolescente excêntrica e impulsiva que começa a trabalhar na loja de quadrinhos Warped! depois de se mudar para a cidade. Além de ser uma especialista em quadrinhos como Milo, ela é uma boa artista e o ajuda com a sua romance gráfico desenhando os personagens.
 Anton Starkman como Milo, o gerente da loja de quadrinhos Warped!, e um especialista em quadrinhos. Ele muitas vezes age como o maior responsável pelas situações complicadas que ele e seus amigos vivenciam. Ele sonha em escrever um romance gráfico.
 Ariana Molkara como Darby, uma amiga de Milo e Ruby, que gosta de se vestir como diferentes personagens fictícios.
 Christopher Martinez como Hurley, um amigo de Milo e Ruby, que trabalha na pizzaria acima da loja de quadrinhos no shopping, embora muitas vezes negligencie seu trabalho.

Recorrentes
 Makenzie Lee-Foster como Ren, uma garotinha que costuma estar na loja de quadrinhos lendo quadrinhos para um público mais maduro.
 Milan Carter como Wilson, o proprietário do Warped!, e o chefe de Milo e Ruby.

Produção
Em 23 de outubro de 2020, foi anunciado que a Nickelodeon encomendou um piloto para Warped!, uma série de televisão de comédia de quadrinhos criada por Kevin Kopelow e Heath Seifert. Kevin Kopelow, Heath Seifert e Kevin Kay atuam como produtores executivos. Em 18 de março de 2021, foi anunciado que a Nickelodeon oficialmente deu luz verde à Warped!  como uma série de televisão de comédia de amigos. O elenco da série inclui Kate Godfrey como Ruby, Anton Starkman como Milo, Ariana Molkara como Darby e Christopher Martinez como Hurley. O episódio piloto foi dirigido por Jonathan Judge. Em 20 de dezembro de 2021, foi anunciado que a série estrearia em 20 de janeiro de 2022; no entanto, a série começou a ser exibida em 16 de janeiro de 2022, marcada como uma prévia.

Episódios

Ligações externas

Séries de televisão dos Estados Unidos
Programas de televisão dos Estados Unidos que estrearam em 2022
Programas de televisão em língua inglesa
Séries da Nickelodeon
Programas da Nickelodeon
Programas da Nickelodeon (Brasil)

Warped!


Ariane flight V88 was the failed maiden flight of the Arianespace Ariane 5 rocket, vehicle no. 501, on 4 June 1996. It carried the Cluster spacecraft, a constellation of four European Space Agency research satellites.

The launch ended in failure due to multiple errors in the software design: dead code, intended only for Ariane 4, with inadequate protection against integer overflow led to an exception handled inappropriately, halting the whole otherwise unaffected inertial navigation system. This caused the rocket to veer off its flight path 37 seconds after launch, beginning to disintegrate under high aerodynamic forces, and finally self-destructing via its automated flight termination system. The failure has become known as one of the most infamous and expensive software bugs in history. The failure resulted in a loss of more than US$370 million.

Launch failure

The Ariane 5 reused the code from the inertial reference platform from the Ariane 4, but the early part of the Ariane 5's flight path differed from the Ariane 4 in having higher horizontal velocity values. This caused an internal value BH (Horizontal Bias) calculated in the alignment function to be unexpectedly high. The alignment function was operative for approximately 40 seconds of flight, which was based on a requirement of Ariane 4, but served no purpose after lift-off on the Ariane 5. The greater values of BH caused a data conversion from a 64-bit floating point number to a 16-bit signed integer value to overflow and cause a hardware exception. The programmers had protected only four out of seven critical variables against overflow to keep within a required maximum workload target of 80% for the on-board Inertial Reference System computer, and relied on assumptions which were correct for the Ariane 4, but not Ariane 5, trajectory about the possible range of values for the three unprotected variables. The exception halted both of the inertial reference system modules, although they were intended to be redundant. The active module presented a diagnostic bit pattern to the On-Board Computer which was interpreted as flight data, in particular causing full nozzle deflections of the solid boosters and the Vulcain main engine. This led to an angle of attack of more than 20 degrees, causing separation of the boosters from the main stage, the triggering of the self-destruct system of the launcher, and the destruction of the flight.

The official report on the crash (conducted by an inquiry board headed by Jacques-Louis Lions) noted that "An underlying theme in the development of Ariane 5 is the bias towards the mitigation of random failure. The supplier of the inertial navigation system (SRI) was only following the specification given to it, which stipulated that in the event of any detected exception the processor was to be stopped. The exception which occurred was not due to random failure but a design error. The exception was detected, but inappropriately handled because the view had been taken that software should be considered correct until it is shown to be at fault. [...] Although the failure was due to a systematic software design error, mechanisms can be introduced to mitigate this type of problem. For example the computers within the SRIs could have continued to provide their best estimates of the required attitude information. There is reason for concern that a software exception should be allowed, or even required, to cause a processor to halt while handling mission-critical equipment. Indeed, the loss of a proper software function is hazardous because the same software runs in both SRI units. In the case of Ariane 501, this resulted in the switch-off of two still healthy critical units of equipment."

Other issues identified in the report focused on testing:
 The purpose of the review process, which involves all major partners in the Ariane 5 programme, is to validate design decisions and to obtain flight qualification. In this process, the limitations of the alignment software were not fully analysed and the possible implications of allowing it to continue to function during flight were not realised.
 The specification of the inertial reference system and the tests performed at equipment level did not specifically include the Ariane 5 trajectory data. Consequently, the realignment function was not tested under simulated Ariane 5 flight conditions, and the design error was not discovered.
 It would have been technically feasible to include almost the entire inertial reference system in the overall system simulations which were performed. For a number of reasons it was decided to use the simulated output of the inertial reference system, not the real system or its detailed simulation. Had the system been included, the failure could have been detected. Post-flight simulations have been carried out on a computer with software of the inertial reference system and with a simulated environment, including the actual trajectory data from the Ariane 501 flight. These simulations have faithfully reproduced the chain of events leading to the failure of the inertial reference systems.

Another perspective of the failure, based on systems engineering, focuses on requirements:
 The ranges of variables such as horizontal velocity and the quantity BH computed from it should have been explicitly quantified. Instead, a 16-bit range was assumed.
 The alignment task should have been deactivated at an appropriate moment. Instead, the alignment task was running after lift-off.
 A failure model of the inertial reference platforms should have been analyzed to ensure that service would be continuously delivered throughout the flight, rather than assuming that at most one module  would fail. Instead, both modules failed, and rather than killing the flight gracefully, output diagnostic messages which were interpreted as flight data.

Payload
Cluster consisted of four  cylindrical, spin-stabilised spacecraft, powered by 224 watt solar cells. The spacecraft were to have flown in a tetrahedral formation, and were intended to conduct research into the Earth's magnetosphere. The satellites would have been placed into highly elliptical orbits; , inclined at 90 degrees to the equator.

Aftermath
Following the failure, four replacement Cluster II satellites were built. These were launched in pairs aboard Soyuz-U/Fregat rockets in 2000.

The launch failure brought the high risks associated with complex computing systems to the attention of the general public, politicians, and executives, resulting in increased support for research on ensuring the reliability of safety-critical systems. The subsequent automated analysis of the Ariane code (written in Ada) was the first example of large-scale static code analysis by abstract interpretation.

The failure also harmed the excellent success record of the European Space Agency's rocket family, set by the high success rate of the Ariane 4 model. It was not until 2007 that Ariane 5 launches were recognised as being as reliable as those of the predecessor model.

See also
 Mars Climate Orbiter software that had been adapted from an earlier Mars Climate Orbiter was not adequately tested before launch
 Apollo guidance computer – PGNCS trouble, another case where a spacecraft guidance computer suffered from having a subsystem inappropriately left running
 List of software bugs

References

Further reading
Thomas, L.D. (2007) Selected Systems Engineering Process Deficiencies and their Consequences. Acta Astronautica, 61, 406–415.

External links
 Jacques-Louis Lions et al., Ariane 501 Inquiry Board report ()
 , direct link to video file — Footage of the final seconds of the rocket flight.
 Wired – History's Worst Software Bugs — An article about the top 10 software bugs. The Ariane 5 Flight 501 software glitch is mentioned as one of these bugs.
  Ariane 5 – 501 (1–3) — A good article (in German) where the actual code in question is given.

1996 in spaceflight
Ada (programming language)
Satellite launch failures
Software bugs
V88, Ariane flight

Ariane flight V88


جورج أرمسترونغ ، من مواليد 9 أغسطس 1944 في هيبورن في إنجلترا، وتوفي في 1 نوفمبر 2000، لاعب كرة قدم إنجليزي سابق، ومدرب كرة قدم إنجليزي سابق.

درب منتخب الكويت لكرة القدم بين عامي 1988 و1989.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في النرويج
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز
أجنحة كرة قدم
رياضيون إنجليز مغتربون في الكويت
رياضيون إنجليز مغتربون في النرويج
طاقم أستون فيلا غير اللاعبين
طاقم كوينز بارك رينجرز غير اللاعبين
طاقم نادي آرسنال غير اللاعبين
طاقم نادي فولهام غير اللاعبين
طاقم نادي ميدلزبره غير اللاعبين
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو ستوكبورت كونتي
لاعبو كرة قدم إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في النرويج
لاعبو كرة قدم من تاين ووير
لاعبو ليستر سيتي
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم تحت 23 سنة
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو نادي آرسنال
لاعبو نهائي كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي
مدربو كرة قدم إنجليز
مدربو كرة قدم إنجليز مغتربون
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في الكويت
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في النرويج
مدربو منتخب الكويت لكرة القدم
مدربو نادي ووستر سيتي
مواليد 1944
مواليد في بلفاست
وفيات 2000
وفيات بسبب نزف دماغي

جورج أرمسترونغ


Code Red deveti je studijski album njemačkog thrash metal sastava Sodom. Diskografska kuća Drakkar Records objavila ga je 31. svibnja 1999.

Označio je povratak žanru thrash metala i dobio je pozitivne kritike.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

Izvori

Albumi sastava Sodom
Albumi iz 1999.

Code Red (album)


Jerzy Kulej () a fost un boxer și politician polonez.

Kulej s-a născut în Częstochowa, Polonia. La Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1964, el a câștigat o medalie de aur la categoria ușoară (<63,5 kg), după ce l-a învins pe Evghenii Frolov. În 1968, el și-a apărat titlul într-un meci strâns împotriva boxerului cubanez Enrique Regüeiferos, devenind singurul boxer polonez care a câștigat două medalii olimpice de aur. De asemenea, el a câștigat de două ori medalia de aur la Campionatul European de box la amatori, în 1963 și 1965, și a câștigat o medalie de argint în 1967. El a strâns în total 317 victorii, 6 remize și 25 de înfrângeri.

În 1976, el a jucat în film Przepraszam, czy tu biją?, în regia lui Marek Piwowski. În 1995, a primit Premiul Aleksander Reksza pentru box.

În ultimii ani de viață a devenit politician, reprezentând mai multe partide de-a lungul vremii. În 2001, ca membru al Stângii Democrate, a fost ales pe listele electorale ale circumscripției de la Varșovia ca deputat, devenind membru al Parlamentului Poloniei (Sejm), funcție pe care a ocupat-o până în 2005. El a fost comentator de box pentru postul polonez de televiziune Polsat Sport.

În decembrie 2011, el a suferit un atac de cord masiv. În timp ce se recuperara, el a aflat că suferă de melanom ocular malign, care a dus la decesul său la Varșovia pe 13 iulie 2012, la vârsta de 71 de ani.

Rezultate olimpice
1964

 Prima rundă – calificat direct
 A doua rundă – l-a învins pe Roberto Amaya din Argentina cu 5-0
 A treia rundă – l-a învins pe Richard McTaggart din Marea Britanie cu 4-1
 Sferturi – l-a învins pe Iosif Mihalic din România cu 4-1
 Semifinale – l-a învins pe Eddie Blay din Ghana cu 5-0
 Finala – l-a învins pe Evghenii Frolov din Uniunea Sovietică cu 5-0

1968

 Prima rundă – calificat direct
 A doua rundă – l-a învins pe János Kajdi din Ungaria cu 3-2
 A treia rundă – l-a învins pe Giambattista Capretti din Italia cu 4-1
 Sferturi – l-a învins pe Pe Peter Tiepold din Germania De Est cu 3-2
 Semifinale – l-a învins pe Arto Nilsson din Finlanda cu 5-0
 Finala – l-a învins pe Enrique Requeiferos din Cuba cu 3-2

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1940
Decese în 2012
Boxeri la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1964
Boxeri la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1968
Medaliați olimpici cu aur polonezi

Jerzy Kulej


ترير Trier مدينة تقع جنوب غرب ألمانية ضمن مقاطعة «راينلاند-بفالز» التي عاصمتها مدينة «ماينز». عدد سكّانها: 105,260 (31-12-2010). تقع مدينة ترير عند ملتقى الثلاث دول:ألمانيا وفرنسا ولكسمبورغ في منطقة خضراء جميلة وتقع في نفس الوقت عند منبع نهر الموزيل.

حسب الأسطورة المحلية التي دوّنت سنة 1105 في كتاب «أعمال التريفيريين» (باللاتينية:Gesta Treverorum) فقد بناها Trebeta «تريبيتا»، الابن الأكبر للملك الآشوري نينوس وزوجة ابيه الملكة سميراميس أو شميران.
تزّوج الملك الآشوري نينوس من سميراميس بعد وفاة زوجته الأولى، وبعد ممات الملك نينوس كانت سميراميس تحتقر تريبيتا، ابن زوجها، فرحل تريبيتا بعد وفاة والده الملك نينوس إلى خارج المملكة مع أصحابه وخدمه.
وكما تروي قصص التاريخ ابحر عبر البحر الأبيض المتوسط ليبحث عن مكانٍ آمن، بعدها قطع أرضاً قاحلة وبعدها طرقاً جبليّة وعرة إلى أن وصل إلى وادٍ هادئ محاط بالهضاب والجداول والغابات.
بعد أن سحر بجمال الطبيعة قرر أن يبني مدينةً له مع رفاقه على ضفة نهر Mosel «موزل» أحد فروع نهر الراين. وكان ذلك حوالي عام 2000 قبل الميلاد.

هذه القصّة موجودة ضمن مجموعة من الوثائق البابوية والقصص ووثائق رؤساء الأساقفة للمدينة، هذه المجموعة موجودة الآن في ثلاث مجلدات واسمها باللاتيني Gesta Treverorum
يوجد في قلب المدينة نافورة قديمة اسمها Trebeta-Brunnen «نافورة تريبيتا»
وعبارة لاتينيّة منقوشة على المنزل الأحمر في قلب المدينة، وهي:

ANTE ROMAM TREVIRIS STETIT ANNIS MILLE TRECENTIS.
PERSTET ET ÆTERNA PACE FRVATVR. AMEN

اقرأ أيضا

 نهر الموزيل
 رايشسبورج كوخم
 راينلند بالاتينات

مراجع

ترير
أماكن مأهولة أسست في القرن 1 ق م
بلجيكا الغالية
بلدات راينلند بالاتينات
بلدات ومدن رومانية في ألمانيا
بلديات راينلند بالاتينات
تأسيسات سنة 16 ق م
تأسيسات عقد 10 ق م في الإمبراطورية الرومانية
مدن براينلند بالاتينات
معالم في ألمانيا
مواقع التراث العالمي في ألمانيا

ترير


Laurel Collins (née le ) est une enseignante et une femme politique canadienne. Elle représente la circonscription britanno-colombienne de Victoria à titre de députées néo-démocrate à partir de 2019.

Biographie
Collins naît à Kispiox dans le nord de la Colombie-Britannique, dans une famille de trois enfants et de parents enseignant. Ces derniers se séparent alors qu'elle est encore un bébé, ce qui amène Collins à s'établir dans plusieurs communautés à travers la province dont sur l'Île Saltspring, à Alert Bay et à Port Hardy. S'établissant ensuite à Sussex dans le Nouveau-Brunswick, elle étudie à l'université de King's College et à l'université Dalhousie à Halifax en Nouvelle-Écosse. Elle réalise ensuite une maitrise en Human Security and Peacebuilding à l'université Royal Roads de Victoria.

Œuvrant dans le domaine social entre autres pour l'organisme Victoria Women in Need et au Haut Commissariat des Nations unies pour les réfugiés (UNHCR) pour venir en aide aux réfugiés du nord de l'Ouganda, elle devient ensuite enseignante à l'université de Victoria de 2014 à 2019. En 2015, elle copublie Women, Adult Education, and Leadership in Canada et remporte le prix Victoria Community Leadership Award in Sustainability and Community Building.

Débutant une carrière publique en siégeant au conseil municipal de Victoria, elle entre en politique fédérale et à titre de députée fédérale du Nouveau Parti démocratique dans la circonscription de Victoria en 2019. Elle est réélue en 2021.

Dans le caucus néo-démocrate, elle occupe le poste de critique en matière d'Environnement et de Changement climatique ainsi que de vice-présidente du caucus du parti.

Résultats électoraux

Références

Liens externes

Laurel Collins - Chambre des communes du Canada

Naissance en mai 1984
Député du Nouveau Parti démocratique
Député fédéral canadien provenant de la Colombie-Britannique
Conseiller municipal de Victoria (Colombie-Britannique)

Laurel Collins


العباءة أو العباية هي رداء ترتديه المرأة المسلمة في بعض مناطق الشرق الأوسط وشمال افريقيا وبالأخص في دول الجزيرة العربية فوق الملابس العادية عند الخروج من المنزل. وهو تقليدياً ذو لون أسود. تعتبر العباءة الزي الرسمي في السعودية.

تلبس العباءة عادة مع الحجاب أو النقاب في مناطق الخليج. تتوفر غالبا باللون الأسود إلا هناك أنواع جديدة ظهرت الآن ملونة، وهناك نوع آخر من العباءة يرتدنها النساء في إندونيسيا وماليزيا تسمى بكبايا وقد أُخذ المسمى من كلمة عباءة العربية. اعتمادا على البيئة الاجتماعية والدينية، يمكن أن يختلف شكلها من عباية بسيطة جدا وفضفاضة إلى ملابس عصرية ورائعة. لكنها تبقى دائما ساترة للجسم وطويلة إلى الكعبين، مع أكمام طويلة.

العباية في الموضة
لطالما كانت إطلالة السيدة العربية التقليدية البسيطة بالعباية السوداء. إلا أنه- مع تأثُر مصممي ومصممات العبايات بتيارات الموضة العالمية- إنكسرت القيود الكلاسيكية، وصار التنوّع بالقصّات أو الألوان التي أضيفت إلى اللون الأسود هو الاتجاه المسيطر في مجال تصميم العبايات. أو كذلك من حيث التطريز المستخدم، حيث باتت العباية وجها آخر لمواكبة العصر، بكل تجلياته بعدما باتت تساير آخر الابتكارات والصيحات الجديدة.

فقد تمكنت مصممات كثيرات لزي العباية من «تطويع» هذا الزي التراثي لمجاراة متطلبات التحديث، مع عدم إغفالهن طبعا أهمية المحافظة على الاحتشام والوقار والموروث التقليدي الذي يجسده ارتداء القماش الأسود، حيث بدأن في تقديم العباية بأفكار مختلفة، تتمتع بمقاييس الجمال، عبر دمج آخر الصيحات العالمية في هذا المجال، مع المحافظة على الهدف من ارتدائها، كونها ترمز إلى الهوية والتقاليد الموروثة.

مراجع

فساتين
لباس المرأة في الإسلام
ملابس خارجية
ملابس عربية

عباءة


Carcosa is a fictional city in Ambrose Bierce's short story "An Inhabitant of Carcosa" (1886). The ancient and mysterious city is barely described and is viewed only in hindsight (after its destruction) by a character who once lived there.

American writer Robert W. Chambers borrowed the name "Carcosa" for several of his short stories featured in the 1895 book The King in Yellow, inspiring generations of authors to similarly use Carcosa in their own works.

The King in Yellow
The city was later used more extensively in Robert W. Chambers' book of short horror stories published in 1895, titled The King in Yellow. Chambers had read Bierce's work and borrowed a few additional names from his work, including Hali and Hastur.

In Chambers' stories, and within the apocryphal play titled The King in Yellow, which is mentioned several times within them, the city of Carcosa is a mysterious, ancient, and possibly cursed place. The most precise description of its location is the shores of Lake Hali, either on another planet, or in another universe.

For instance:

—"Cassilda's Song" in The King in Yellow Act 1, Scene 2

Associated names
Lake Hali is a misty lake found near the city of Hastur. In the fictional play The King in Yellow (obliquely described by author Robert W. Chambers in the collection of short stories of the same title), the mysterious cities of Alar and Carcosa stand beside the lake. Like Carcosa, it is referenced in the Cthulhu Mythos stories of H.P. Lovecraft and the authors who followed him.

The name Hali originated in Ambrose Bierce's "An Inhabitant of Carcosa" (1886) in which Hali is the author of a quote which prefaces the story. The narrator of the story implies that the person named Hali is now dead (at least in the timeline of the story).

Several other nearly undescribed places are alluded to in Chambers' writing, among them Hastur, Yhtill, and Aldebaran. "Aldebaran" may refer to the star Aldebaran, likely as it is also associated with the mention of the Hyades star cluster, with which it shares space in the night sky. The Yellow Sign, described as a symbol, not of any human script, is supposed to originate from the same place as Carcosa.

One other name associated is "Demhe" and its "cloudy depths" − this has never been explained either by Chambers or any famous pastiche-writer and so we do not know what or who exactly "Demhe" is.

Marion Zimmer Bradley (and Diana L. Paxson since Bradley's death) also used the names "Hali"  and "Lake of Hali" in her Darkover series.

Bierce may have  been inspired by the then-contemporary genocide of the similarly named Circassian peoples.

Other appearances

Written references
Later writers, including H. P. Lovecraft and his many admirers, became admirers of Chambers' work and incorporated the name of Carcosa into their own stories, set in the Cthulhu Mythos. The King in Yellow and Carcosa have inspired many modern authors, including Karl Edward Wagner ("The River of Night's Dreaming"), Joseph S. Pulver ("Carl Lee & Cassilda"), Lin Carter, James Blish, Michael Cisco ("He Will Be There"), Ann K. Schwader, Robert M. Price, Galad Elflandsson, Simon Strantzas ("Beyond the Banks of the River Seine"), Charles Stross (in the Laundry Files series), Anders Fager and S. M. Stirling (in the Emberverse series).

Joseph S. Pulver has written nearly 30 tales and poems that are based on and/or include Carcosa, The King in Yellow, or other elements from Robert W. Chambers. Pulver also edited an anthology A Season in Carcosa of new tales based upon The King in Yellow, released by Miskatonic River Press in 2012.

John Scott Tynes contributed to the mythology of Chambers' Carcosa in a series of novellas, "Broadalbin", "Ambrose", and "Sosostris", and essays in issue #1 of The Unspeakable Oath and in Delta Green.

In Paul Edwin Zimmer's Dark Border series, Carcosa is a city where humans mingle with their nearly immortal allies, the Hastur.

In Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson's The Illuminatus! Trilogy, Carcosa is connected with an ancient civilization in the Gobi Desert, destroyed when the Illuminati arrived on Earth via flying saucers from the planet Vulcan.

In maps of the world of George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire, a city named Carcosa is labeled on the easternmost edge of the map along the coast of a large lake, near other magical cities such as Asshai. In The World of Ice and Fire, it is mentioned that a sorcerer lord lives there who claims to be the sixty-ninth Yellow Emperor, from a dynasty fallen for a thousand years.

In the satirical novel Kamus of Kadizhar: The Black Hole of Carcosa by John Shirley (St. Martin's Press, 1988), Carcosa is the name of a planet whose weird black hole physics figures in the story.

Swedish writer Anders Fager's "Miss Witt's Great Work of Art" features a Stockholm-based coterie known as "The Carcosa Foundation" that worships Hastur.

In David Drake's Lord of the Isles series, Carcosa is the name of the ancient capital of the old kingdom, which collapsed a thousand years before the events of the series.

In S.M. Stirling's Emberverse series, Carcosa is the name of a South Pacific city inhabited by evil people led by the Yellow Raja and the Pallid Mask.

In Lawrence Watt-Evans' The Lords of Dûs series, a character known as the Forgotten King, who dresses in yellow rags, reveals that he was exiled from Carcosa.

In writer Alan Moore's Neonomicon, drawn by artist Jacen Burrowes, the character Johnny Carcosa is the key to a mystical Lovecraftian universe.

Television
In the HBO original series True Detective, 'Carcosa' is presented as a man-made temple. Located in the backwoods of Louisiana, the temple serves as a place of ritualistic sexual abuse of children and child murder organized by a group of wealthy Louisiana politicians and church leaders. The main characters, Rust Cohle and Marty Hart, storm the temple in the final episode of the season, where they confront a serial killer, who is the most active member of the cult. It is understood that the cult worships the "Yellow King", to whom an effigy is dedicated in the main chamber of 'Carcosa'. The series hints at a larger conspiracy that continues beyond the show, which is in line with Lovecraftian horror, as is a vision experienced by one character that underscores Lovecraftian themes like cosmic indifference.

In Part 3 of the Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, the barker of the traveling amusement park and carnival is named Carcosa, and the carnival in turn named, presumably, after him. Throughout the season of the show, it becomes apparent that the workers at the carnival are all mythological beings of old, with Carcosa himself being the god Pan, his true form being that of a satyr, in the show understood to be the god of madness. The arc of the season revolves partially around the attempts of the carnival workers to resurrect an older deity identified as The Green Man. Themes of madness, death, and resurrection parallel the works of Robert W. Chambers et al.

Other references
In the 1991 EP Passage to Arcturo by Rotting Christ, the song "Inside The Eye of Algond" nominates the Mystical Carcosa as part of the singer's journey.

The second song of the 2015 album Luminiferous by the American metal band High on Fire is named Carcosa.

Swedish rapper Yung Lean's third album Stranger features the closing track "Yellowman". Carcosa is mentioned in the song.

In 2016, DigiTech released a fuzz pedal called the Carcosa. The pedal featured two modes, named "Hali" and "Demhe".

In the Mass Effect 3 video game, there is a planet named Carcosa.

In the Elite Dangerous video game, there is an inhabited star system named Carcosa.

In 2001, the Belgian black metal band Ancient Rites released the album Dim Carcosa. The title track's lyrics consist of excerpts from "Cassilda's Song".

In the early 2000s, a Mysterious Package Company experience called The King in Yellow was introduced, heavily inspired by story and title. Later, a sequel experience entitled Carcosa: Rise of the Cult was created, obviously connected to this shared universe and connected to the original The King in Yellow.

In 2017, Fantasy Flight Games released an expansion for Arkham Horror: The Card Game titled "The Path to Carcosa" in which players investigate occurrences based on The King in Yellow.

Carcosa is mentioned in the song "Strange and Eternal" of the 2022 album Netherheaven by the American technical death metal band Revocation.

Publishers using the name Carcosa
Two different publishers have used the name Carcosa.

Carcosa House
Carcosa House was a science fiction specialty publishing firm formed in 1947 by Frederick B. Shroyer, a boyhood friend of T. E. Dikty, and two Los Angeles science fiction fans, Russell Hodgkins and Paul Skeeters.  Shroyer had secured a copy of the original newspaper appearance of the novel Edison's Conquest of Mars by Garrett P. Serviss which he wished to publish.  Shroyer talked Hodgkins and Skeeters into going in on shares to form the publisher which issued the Serviss book in 1947.  Dikty offered advice, and William L. Crawford of F.P.C.I. helped with production and distribution.  Carcosa House announced one other book, Enter Ghost: A Study in Weird Fiction, by Sam Russell, but due to slow sales of the Serviss book, it was never published.

Works published by Carcosa House
 Edison's Conquest of Mars, by Garrett P. Serviss (1947)

Carcosa

Carcosa was a specialty publishing firm formed by David Drake, Karl Edward Wagner, and Jim Groce, who were concerned that Arkham House would cease publication after the death of its founder, August Derleth. Carcosa was founded in North Carolina in 1973 and put out four collections of pulp horror stories, all edited by Wagner. Their first book was a huge omnibus volume of the best non-series weird fiction by Manly Wade Wellman. It was enhanced by a group of chilling illustrations by noted fantasy artists Lee Brown Coye. Their other three volumes were also giant omnibus collections (of work by Hugh B. Cave, E. Hoffman Price, and again by Manly Wade Wellman). A fifth collection was planned, Death Stalks the Night, by Hugh B. Cave; Lee Brown Coye was working on illustrating it when he suffered a crippling stroke in 1977 and eventually died, causing Carcosa to abandon the project. The book was eventually published by Fedogan & Bremer. Carcosa also had plans to issue volumes by Leigh Brackett, H. Warner Munn, and Jack Williamson; however, none of the projected volumes appeared. The Carcosa colophon depicts the silhouette of a towered city in front of three moons.

Awards
 1976, World Fantasy Award, Special Award - Non-Professional to Karl Edward Wagner, David Drake & Jim Groce for Carcosa.

Works published by Carcosa
 Worse Things Waiting, by Manly Wade Wellman (1973)
 Far Lands, Other Days, by E. Hoffmann Price (1975)
 Murgunstrumm and Others, by Hugh B. Cave (1977)
 Lonely Vigils, by Manly Wade Wellman (1981)

Places called Carcosa
In 1896–7, the Carcosa mansion was built as the official residence of the Resident-General of the Federated Malay States for the first holder of that office, Sir Frank Swettenham. It was in use as a luxury hotel, the Carcosa Seri Negara, from 1989 to 2015 and has been abandoned since then. Swettenham took the name from The King in Yellow.

In the Quebec-based geopolitical/live-action role-play game Bicolline, Carcosa is a kingdom in the west. It was established upon principles of freedom and is populated by pirates, nomads, escaped slaves, and religious exiles.

Notes

References

Further reading
 Rehearsals for Oblivion: Act 1—Tales of The King in Yellow, edited by Peter A. Worthy, Elder Signs Press 2007
 Strange Aeons 3 (an issue dedicated to The King in Yellow), edited by Rick Tillman and K.L. Young, Autumn 2010
 The Hastur Cycle, edited by Robert M. Price, Chaosium 1993
 The Yellow Sign and Other Stories, edited by S.T. Joshi, Chaosium 2004

External links

Cthulhu Mythos locations
Fictional populated places
Book publishing companies based in North Carolina
Fantasy book publishers
Horror book publishing companies
Small press publishing companies
Publishing companies established in 1947
Publishing companies established in 1973
1973 establishments in North Carolina

Carcosa


Mahmud Abas (arapski: محمود عباس) (Safed, 26. ožujka, 1935.), poznat kao Abu Mazen (ابو مازن) je predsjednik Palestinske Samouprave (PNA).

Abas je vodeći političar u Fatahu i, trenutno, predsjedavajući Palestinske Oslobodilačke Organizacije (PLO), izabran 11. studenog 2004., poslije smrti Jasera Arafata. Prije nego što je imenovan za premijera, Abas je bio na čelu odjela za pregovore PLO-a. Bio je premijer Palestinska uprava (PA) od ožujka do listopada 2003., kada je dao ostavku zbog borbe za vlast s Arafatom. Na Zapadu ima reputacuju čovjeka s "umjerenim utjecajem" u Palestinskoj upravi, s iskrenom težnjom za ostvarivanje mira. Ipak mnogi smatraju da je njegov pristup suviše pomirljiv, i da je sklon da naškodi palestinskim pravima kako bi se umilostivio Izraelu i SAD.

Njegovo ime Abu Mazen (hrv. Otac Mazena) je počasna titula, koja izražava popularni običaj u palestinskom društvu, i odražava njegovu ulogu kao oca Mazena, svog najstarijeg sina. Među Arapima ovakvo je ime česta pojava.

Palestinski političari
Vojni zapovjednici u Bliskoistočnom sukobu
Predsjednici
Političari nakon 1989.

Mahmoud Abbas


يهود ضد الاحتلال (بالإنكليزية Jews Against the Occupation) اختصارا "JATO". تصنف نفسها على أنها منظمة غير حكومية تمثل التقدميين والعلمانيين واليهود «المتدينيين» في منطقة مدينة نيويورك. وتدعو إلى «السلام من خلال العدل لفلسطين وإسرائيل». كما تدعو إلى إزالة الجدار العازل في الضفة الغربية والذي يصنف كجدار للفصل العنصري.

تقول المنظمة أنها تهدف لإبداء الاتحاد والتضامن مع الشعب الفلسطيني بغض النظر عن الاختلافات الدينية والعرقية أو الرؤى السياسية.

هناك ستة نقاط رئيسية يتكون منها برنامج المعارضة لدى «يهود ضد الاحتلال» وهي:

 الاستيطان الإسرائيلي للأراضي الفلسطينية.
 اعتداءات الجيش الإسرائيلي ووحشية الشرطة.
 دعم الولايات المتحدة لإسرائيل.
 الخنق الاقتصادي الإسرائيلي للاقتصاد الفلسطيني.
 عدم الاعتراف بحق الفلسطينيين المهجرين في ممتلكات أجدادهم.
 الرقابة على الخطابات السياسية المناهضة لإسرائيل بحجة الاتهام «بمعادة السامية».

وفقا لما ذكرته العضوة في «الجاتو» راشيل نيومان «...إن جزأ من إنشاء إسرائيل اعتمد على فكرة معاداة السامية، ذلك أن أوروبا والولايات المتحدة أرادتا حليفا يعتمد عليه من غير العرب في المنطقة الغنية بالنفط». حسب قولها.

انظر أيضا
 الفصل العنصري في إسرائيل (اتهام)
 الصراع العربي الإسرائيلي

وصلات خارجية
 Jews Against the Occupation NYC
 Jews Against the Occupation Central Jersey

مراجع

منظمات حقوق الإنسان
منظمات غير حكومية

يهود ضد الاحتلال


A linha de massa é o método político, organizacional e de liderança desenvolvido por Mao Tsé-Tung e pelo Partido Comunista da China (PCC) durante a Revolução Comunista Chinesa. Refere-se à formulação de políticas com base na teoria, implementando-as com base nas condições do mundo real das pessoas, revisando a teoria e as políticas com base na prática real e usando essa teoria revisada como guia para a prática futura. Em termos maoistas, é resumido na frase: "para as massas — das massas — às massas".

Mao a desenvolveu em uma metodologia de organização que abrange filosofia, estratégia, tática, liderança e teoria organizacional, que foi aplicada por muitos comunistas após a Revolução Comunista Chinesa. Os líderes do PCC geralmente atribuem a conquista do poder à busca fiel de táticas efetivas da "linha de massa", e uma linha de massa "correta" é considerada o pré-requisito essencial para a consolidação total do poder.

História
Em sua concepção original, a linha de massa referia-se tanto a um objetivo ideológico quanto a um método de trabalho baseado em "reunir a sabedoria das massas" () a partir do qual a liderança do PCC poderia formular políticas após mais deliberações, ajustes, implementações e experimentações, as quais, por sua vez, continuariam a receber feedback das massas. Primeiro, uma política inicial é formulada com base na análise histórica e na teoria. À medida que é implementada, a política e a teoria subjacente são revisadas de acordo com as condições reais do mundo. Essa teoria revisada se torna, então, o guia para futuras ações corretas. Assim, a linha de massa é um método em que a teoria é refinada pela prática.

Na política maoista, a linha de massa é resumida na frase: "Para as massas — das massas — às massas". A linha de massas é caracterizada pelo PCC ouvir as ideias dispersas do povo, transformá-las em ideias sistêmicas e devolvê-las ao povo como um guia para a ação. O processo de "reunir a sabedoria das massas" por meio da solicitação e agregação de pontos de vista e do ajuste e teste de decisões se repete em um "espiral sem fim".

A linha de massa é baseada em considerações pragmáticas, bem como em crenças chinesas atuais e históricas sobre a importância de governantes sábios lerem sinais de descontentamento popular para evitar calamidades sociais. De acordo com a acadêmica Lin Chun, a concepção de Mao da linha de massa refletia sua fé no povo, bem como uma teoria da "história vista de baixo".

Depois de reconhecer que um grande número de quadros adequadamente treinados em táticas de linha de massa eram extremamente necessários para a construção de uma "ordem socialista completa" pelo PCC, o PCC intensificou seu programa de treinamento de quadros em 1950–1951 para garantir que todos os quadros e outros trabalhadores seriam "cuidadosamente doutrinados na teoria e prática básica da linha de massa marxista-leninista".

O treinamento em táticas de linha de massa varia desde a propaganda até a administração pública, de acordo com o professor da UCLA, Arthur Steiner. Seu foco principal, no entanto, está na "área delicada" das relações do PCC com as massas de chineses que ainda não aderiram ao programa comunista. No início da década de 1950, o problema era suficientemente sério e urgente para que a liderança do PCC adiasse temporariamente várias reformas sociais importantes até a conclusão do programa de treinamento de quadros.

Steiner escreve que Mao alcançou a preeminência no PCC porque ele entendia os requisitos para efetuar a organização mais forte possível das massas chinesas em circunstâncias políticas instáveis. Desde os dias de suas primeiras atividades entre os camponeses da província de Hunão, Mao pregou que o PCC deve confiar nas massas para obter sua força, deve atender às suas necessidades, "buscar inspiração" nelas e orientar sua ideologia política e táticas organizacionais à sua capacidade de resposta.

Mao criticou Josef Stalin por falta de fé nos camponeses e nas massas populares, por ser mecânico em sua compreensão do desenvolvimento do socialismo e não engajando ativamente as massas na luta pelo socialismo. Em relação a Stalin, Mao escreveu em 1961: "'A política em comando' e a 'linha de massa' não são enfatizadas. Não há discussão sobre 'andar sobre duas pernas', e o interesse material individual é enfatizado unilateralmente. Incentivos materiais são proclamados e o individualismo é muito proeminente. A Linha de Massa é um método de liderança que busca ostensivamente "aprender com os camponeses".

Ressurgimento no século XXI
Uma das características distintivas da liderança nacional do Secretário-Geral do Partido Comunista da China, Xi Jinping, tem sido o renascimento da linha de massa na teoria e na prática do PCC. Em 2014, esse ressurgimento ainda estava em andamento e, de acordo com o Diário do Povo, "não é um movimento de curto prazo". Um novo site oficial foi lançado com foco na linha de massa.

Em suas próprias palavras, Xi descreveu a campanha em termos de "purificação" do Partido Comunista da China, muitas vezes envolvendo a eliminação do "hedonismo e da extravagância", embora a purificação implícita às vezes seja estendida metaforicamente a questões como "reduzir a poluição do ar".

Como parte desta campanha, Xi Jinping declarou que "todos órgãos e membros do Partido devem ser frugais e fazer esforços determinados para se opor à ostentação e rejeitar o hedonismo", embora a interpretação do que isso significa pareça ter variado um pouco de uma província para outra. Segundo relatos, a província de Hebei reduziu os gastos públicos em recepções oficiais em 24%, cancelou o pedido de 17.000 novos carros e puniu 2.750 funcionários do governo. O The Economist relatou dois exemplos específicos de punições sob a nova linha de massa: a pena de morte suspensa por corrupção dada a Liu Zhijun e a acusação do filho de 17 anos de um oficial militar de alta patente por uma suposta conexão em um estupro coletivo. Talvez cerca de 20 000 funcionários do partido tenham sido punidos no primeiro ano da campanha de revitalização.

Alguns especialistas sobre a China argumentam que: "Se implementada não como uma ferramenta de propaganda, mas como um mecanismo de articulação e agregação de interesses, a linha de massa tem o potencial de oferecer à China rotas alternativas de democratização".

Conexão com propaganda
De acordo com Steiner, a linha de massa está intimamente relacionada ao aparato de propaganda do PCC. Apesar da vasta produção do aparato de propaganda do PCC, em janeiro de 1951, o Comitê Central publicou uma diretriz condenando como "principal fraqueza da propaganda do Partido" a falha em fornecer efetivamente "orientação sistemática e controle dos vários níveis das organizações do partido".

A diretriz dizia que "um dos deveres inatos de um comunista reside no esforço incessante de fazer propaganda entre o povo de modo a educá-lo, travar uma guerra implacável contra todas as concepções e princípios reacionários e errôneos e promover, bem como elevar a consciência política das massas".

A diretriz pedia o estabelecimento de redes de "oficiais de propaganda" — um em cada núcleo do partido — e "relatores" em níveis superiores. A atividade de propaganda deveria ser realizada entre as massas sob controle rigoroso e em "programas de atividade fixos". Entre outras funções, os oficiais de propaganda deveriam manter "contato público constante" para que pudessem "auxiliar o Partido na escolha do material de propaganda e métodos apropriados para diferentes períodos de tempo".

As diretivas anteriores relacionavam a necessidade de aumentar a consciência da linha de massa com críticas e autocríticas na imprensa. Os membros do PCC deveriam "ser treinados para apreciar que a crítica e a autocrítica em jornais e periódicos são métodos necessários para fortalecer as relações entre o Partido e as massas populares".

Organizações de massa
Durante a era maoista, o Estado apoiou uma série de organizações de massa, coordenadas pelo PCC por meio de seu sistema de frente unida. A mais significativa das organizações de massa englobava um grande número de pessoas de grandes grupos sociais, incluindo trabalhadores através de sindicatos, estudantes, jovens e mulheres. Seu objetivo era "penetrar na sociedade, trazer vastas seções da população para a rede do partido", escreve Frederick Teiwes. O esforço foi enviesado, no entanto, e a cobertura foi muito mais extensa nas áreas urbanas, com associações camponesas existindo apenas esporadicamente.

Influência fora do Partido Comunista da China
O maior autoproclamado partido maoista dos Estados Unidos, o Partido Comunista Revolucionário, adotou o conceito de "linha de massa" durante a década de 1970.

Maoismo

Linha de massa


William Kanengiser (Orange, 22 de julho de 1959) é um guitarrista clássico estadunidense. Ele é um dos membros fundadores do Los Angeles Guitar Quartet (LAGQ).

Ele é bacharel em música e mestre em música pela Thornton School of Music da University of Southern California, onde também atua como membro do corpo docente.

Kanengiser ganhou o Grammy Awards com o Los Angeles Guitar Quartet, que recebeu o prêmio de melhor álbum de crossover clássico no 47º Grammy Awards pelo álbum Guitar Heroes; ele também ganhou por sua contribuição para a performance da Orquestra Sinfônica de Atlanta da peça Ainadamar: Fountain Of Tears, de Osvaldo Golijov, na categoria Melhor Gravação de Ópera em 2007.

Links externos
 Gregg Wager, "Music Reviews: William Kanengiser in Guitar Recital at Ambassador", in: Los Angeles Times, March 14, 1990

Guitarristas dos Estados Unidos

William Kanengiser


وريــدة مداد (1938 - 1957) من شهيدات حرب التحرير الجزائرية مولودة بقرية تيغرين ولاية تيزي وزو في الجزائر.

حياتها
اتمت دراستها الابتدائية ونالت شهادتها الابتدائية باللغة الوطنية في مدرسة الصباح الإسلامية بالجزائر.

في عام 1957 دخل إلى منزل أسرتها الشهيد: ذبيح الشريف برفقة مجاهدين آخرين، فطلبت منهم السماح لها بالعمل معهم في صفوف جبهة التحرير الوطني.

بعد أربعة أيام من هذا اللقاء التحقت بالجبهة، حيث عملت فدائية في الجزائر العاصمة فأرعبت الجنود الفرنسيين. –

استشهدت يوم 2 أغسطس 1957 بعد أن عذبت ورميت من شرفة عمارة.

نفت لويزة بودارن أنها انتحرت لتنفي تصريحات المجاهد ياسف سعدي الذي قال أنها إنتحرت مثلها مثل وريدة مداد والعربي بن مهيدي.

بعد الاستقلال سميت بإسمها العديد من الشوارع والمدارس في شتى ربوع الجزائر

مراجع

شهداء حرب التحرير الجزائرية
مواليد 1938
نساء جزائريات
وفيات 1957

وريدة مداد