John Oliver (July 31, 1856–August 17, 1927) was a British-Canadian politician and farmer in British Columbia, Canada.

Oliver won a seat in the provincial legislature in the 1900 election and became leader of the opposition. He lost his seat in the 1909 election. He returned to the legislature in the 1916 election as a Liberal member, and became Minister of Agriculture and Railways in the cabinet of Harlan Carey Brewster. Oliver succeeded Brewster to become the 19th premier of British Columbia when Brewster died in 1918. Oliver's government developed the produce industry in the Okanagan Valley, and tried to persuade the federal government to lower the freight rate for rail transport.  Oliver also in 1923 hosted the visit of Warren Harding to Vancouver, the first visit of a sitting United States President to Canada in history.

Oliver remained premier until his death in 1927.

John Oliver Secondary School in Vancouver, British Columbia, John Oliver Park in Delta, BC, Mount John Oliver in the Premier Range of the Cariboo Mountains, the town of Oliver, British Columbia, and Oliver Street in Williams Lake, British Columbia, are all named after him.

Electoral history

|Liberal
|John Oliver
|align="right"|447
|align="right"|59.13%
|align="right"|
|align="right"|unknown
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total valid votes
!align="right"|756
!align="right"|100.00%
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total rejected ballots
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Turnout
!align="right"|%
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|}

|Liberal
|John Oliver
|align="right"|430
|align="right"|62.23%
|align="right"|
|align="right"|unknown
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total valid votes
!align="right"|691
!align="right"|100.00%
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total rejected ballots
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Turnout
!align="right"|%
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|}

|Liberal
|John Oliver
|align="right"|551
|align="right"|41.87%
|align="right"|
|align="right"|unknown
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total valid votes
!align="right"|1,316
!align="right"|100.00%
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total rejected ballots
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Turnout
!align="right"|%
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=7|1  Results of recount as reported in New Westminster Columbian 29 November 1909, p. 1
|}

|Liberal
|John Oliver
|align="right"|308
|align="right"|29.17%
|align="right"|
|align="right"|unknown
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total valid votes
!align="right"|1,056
!align="right"|100.00%
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total rejected ballots
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Turnout
!align="right"|%
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|}

References

1856 births
1927 deaths
Premiers of British Columbia
English emigrants to Canada
BC United MLAs
Leaders of BC United
People from Hartington, Derbyshire

John Oliver (British Columbia politician)


Paulo Freire acreditava que o ser mais era a vocação de todo ser humano. Todavia, os homens e mulheres se encontram em situações de opressão que os fazem ser menos, ou que os impede de ser. O verbo ser, aqui, não vem acompanhado de um predicativo; isto é, não se trata de ser mais livre, ser mais realizado, mas apenas ser mais.

A pedagogia de Freire é humanista. Como tal, ela acredita que todo valor emana dos seres humanos, que eles devem aperfeiçoar a si mesmos, humanizarem-se a si e ao mundo. Todavia, não é isso que se encontra na história:

Isso significa que a desumanização é meramente viável. Isto é, não é fisicamente impossível desumanizar alguém, assim como não é matar, roubar, etc. A história está cheia de atos de desumanização, porém, isso não significa que os homens tenham por vocação a "malvadeza", como diz Freire.

Paulo Freire
Pedagogia

Ser mais


An Zostera chilensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni J.Kuo, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Surrey Wilfrid Laurance Jacobs och Les. An Zostera chilensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Zostera, ngan familia nga Zosteraceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nangangarat-an. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Zostera

Zostera chilensis


Gici Awas (Kchi Awas, Ktciawas, Ktci-awa's, Ktsiawas, Ktsiawaas; Hairless Bear), Gici Awas je opisan kao monstruozno stvorenje Abenaki i Penobscot Indijanaca, ljudožder nalik na ogromnog medvjeda bez dlake ukočenih nogu i prevelike glave. Njegova imena doslovno znače "veliki medvjed" ili "velika zvijer", a kaže se da je bez dlake jer mu krzno ispada kao rezultat jedenja ljudskog mesa. Neki folkloristi vjeruju da je Veliki bezdlaki medvjed možda inspiriran mamutima ili fosilima mastodonta.

Ostali nazivi: Great Hairless Bear, Wa'skwekkehs, Wesk'ekkehs, Wuskwekkehs, Weskwekkehso, Wa'skwekkehso.

Izvori

čIndijanska mitologija (čudovišta)
Abenaki mitologija
Penobscot mitologija

Gici Awas


OctaMED is a music tracker for the Amiga, written by Teijo Kinnunen. The first version, 1.12, was released in 1989 under the name MED, which stands for Music EDitor. In April 1990, version 2.00 was released with MIDI support as the main improvement. In 1991 the first version with the name OctaMED was released, so-called as it could replay eight independent channels on the Amiga's four-channel sound chip. This was also the first commercial version of the software. The publisher throughout has been RBF Software of Southampton, UK which is run by Ray Burt-Frost.

History
The distinguishing feature of MED and OctaMED in comparison to other music trackers on the Amiga was that MED and OctaMED had native MIDI support for external instruments via the Amiga's serial port – this allowed many musicians to sequence a combination of outboard studio equipment and internally generated sounds to create studio quality releases such as I Created Disco by Calvin Harris.

OctaMED was chiefly used by musicians to create stand-alone works, rather than by game or demo musicians to make tunes that play in the context of a computer game or demo.

Firstly, this is because the MED and OctaMED music replay routine is simply too slow to be used in a game or demo. Most trackers are optimized for speed of replay code, taking less than 3% of CPU time. MED took roughly 40% of CPU time. Secondly, and this is also one of the reasons why MED draws more CPU power, the MED format allowed a greater degree of complexity in music construction, with arbitrary length of pattern sheets, sections and blocks rather than a simple pattern-list, and a greater number of effects for the sound. This additional complexity was welcomed by music composers, who preferred more sophisticated structure to their compositions and did not see it as a simple list of timed note-presses.

The technique of playing more channels of music than the Amiga hardware was capable of was first introduced with Jochen Hippel's "Hippel 7V" routine, which used code initially developed for the Atari ST to perform software mixing of 4 channels to a single output, played back alongside the remaining three Amiga hardware sound channels. The seven-channel routine then appeared in a tracker called TFMX. Finally, the routine was optimized so it could mix an additional channel, resulting in eight channels of sound. This playback method was suited for instances where a number of samples that don't require fidelity can be played through the software mixed channel, and cleaner samples through the remaining three hardware channels.

OctaMED took a different approach, where two software-mixed channels are played through each of the four hardware audio channels.  This brings some limitations, such as paired software channels sharing some effects such as hardware volume control, the higher-quality playback routine requires a more powerful CPU, and some louder samples can sound distorted due to limitations in the mixing process.

OctaMED was developed on the Amiga until 1996. The last version, called OctaMED Soundstudio, had features like MIDI file support, ARexx support, support for 16-bit and stereo samples, hard disk recording, and support for up to 64 channels.

Teijo Kinnunen handed over the development of OctaMED to other programmers soon after the final Amiga version was released. The new programmers later released a Windows port, but the lack of features and presence of noticeable bugs meant this edition did not achieve the same level of fame as the Amiga release. More versions of the Windows port were later released. It was subsequently renamed to MED Soundstudio, and has had several releases under that name.

A later approach to extend the features of the Amiga version of OctaMED was performed by Kjetil Matheussen starting in 1997. By hacking the binary he managed to make a more low-level plugin system than was already available via the ARexx language. With the help of NSM (an open source patching and plug-in system for Octamed) the users could now get access to the CAMD MIDI library, 48-channel MIDI interfaces, signal processing plugins for the sample editor, interaction with the sequencer Bars&Pipes, and many other esoteric features, far extending the features offered for the commercial Windows version of OctaMED.

Current version is available for Windows and AmigaOS platforms, called MED SoundStudio.

Notable users
 Drum & Bass producer and DJ Aphrodite who was also part of Urban Shakedown, used two Amiga 1200's running OctaMED to create a range of his early hits such as "Dub Moods", "Summer Breeze", "King Of The Beats", joint productions with Micky Finn such as "Bad Ass" and the remix of The Jungle Brothers - "True Blue" and also including his first album, Aphrodite.
UK Hardcore/Jungle Producer Bizzy B was one of the early pioneer producers to use OctaMED, with his Brain Records and Brain Progression labels debuting many early Hardcore and Jungle artists using OctaMED on the Commodore Amiga.
Mark Salud, who played his OctaMED Modules live on Television performance on Public Access TV.
 Drum & Bass producer DJ Zinc used OctaMED to create "Super Sharp Shooter"
 The hardcore techno/jungle producers Urban Shakedown used MED 3.0 running side by side on two separate Amiga 500s to create all of their early tunes including the 1992 British top 40 hit, "Some Justice".
 Christoph de Babalon produced his 1997 album "If You're Into It I'm Out of It", using an Amiga running Octamed, a Yamaha RY-30 drum machine and a DD-3 Boss Digital Delay pedal.
 EC8OR and several other artists signed to Digital Hardcore Recordings or producing early breakcore music from 1994 onwards used Amigas running Octamed.
 Early in his career Venetian Snares used various versions of OctaMED on both the Amiga and PC.
 British drum & bass producer Paradox uses OctaMED in the studio and live on stage.
 The 2009 album Amiga Railroad Adventures by artist Legowelt was produced with OctaMED on an Amiga 1200.
 UK electronica producer Matt Barker, using the artist moniker Epicentre, learnt his trade on the Amiga and made the jump onto OctaMED for his first few tracks in the late 1990s.
 Welsh born group Unleashed produced an album Gasshouse Guerillas almost entirely on the Amiga using OctaMED
 Calvin Harris used OctaMED to produce the entirety of his first album, I Created Disco.
 Rob Haigh, better known as Drum & Bass producer Omni Trio, used OctaMED to produce his early singles "Mystic Stepper" and "Renegade Snares" as well as most of "Deepest Cut".
 Pete Cannon uses OctaMED in most of his productions.

See also

 List of audio trackers

References

External links

Amiga download, latest official version
MMD_documentation 6

Amiga music formats
Audio trackers
Amiga software

OctaMED


Antonio Fernández Rodríguez (Malpartida de Plasencia, Cáceres, 1908 - Valladolid, 1971) fue maestro nacional, inspector de enseñanza y escritor de libros de texto de Escuela Primaria. Fue el autor entre otros trabajos de la Cartilla Práctica, la Enciclopedia Práctica, y la Enciclopedia Didáctica, una serie de libros de texto que se utilizaron en la escuela franquista española entre los años cuarenta y sesenta.

Biografía
Obtuvo el título de maestro siendo el número uno en la oposición y ejerció en Villanueva de la Vera, Talaván y Malpartida de Plasencia. En 1927 es socio fundador y redactor-jefe del periódico El Gladiador (1927-1932). En 1947 opositó a Inspector de Primera Enseñanza y es destinado a Palencia, donde fue nombrado inspector jefe, función que siguió ejerciendo tras su traslado a Valladolid.

En 1951 el Ministerio de Educación le concede la Cruz de Alfonso X el Sabio. Fue nombrado hijo preclaro de Malpartida de Plasencia en 1953, donde se le dedica una placa en su casa de nacimiento en la calle a la que se dio su nombre.

Se casó con Dña. Asunción Sáez, con la que tuvo nueve hijos. Murió en Valladolid en 1971.

Obras

 Cartilla Práctica (I, II, y III). Método práctico para el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura y del dibujo simultáneos.
 Menudencias. Libro de letra manuscrita para párvulos.
 Iniciaciones. Libro activo de primeras nociones.
 Ingenuidades. Complemento de lectura a la tercera parte de la Cartilla Práctica.
 Enciclopedia Práctica del Párvulo (I, II, y III). La Senda de Jesús (I), Como en los cuentos de Hadas (II), y Un libro maravilloso (III).
 Enciclopedia Práctica: Grado Preparatorio. Texto del Ciclo Primero del Período Elemental.
 Enciclopedia Práctica: Grado Elemental. Texto del Segundo Ciclo del Período Elemental.
 Enciclopedia Práctica: Grado Medio. Texto del Tercer Ciclo del Período Elemental. Es el libro correspondiente al Período de Perfeccionamiento de la Enciclopedia Didáctica.
 Enciclopedia Práctica: Grado Superior. Recoge en setecientas páginas el monumento didáctico que es la Enciclopedia Práctica.
 Enciclopedia Práctica: Compendio. Obra pensada para las Escuelas Preparatorias de Ingreso a Institutos y Seminarios.
 Enciclopedia Práctica: Libro del Maestro (I y II). Solución de ejercicios y preparación de las lecciones correspondientes a los Grados Preparatorio, Elemental, Medio y Superior junto con normas prácticas de metodología y organización escolar.
 Enciclopedia Didáctica: Grado de Iniciación. Para párvulos y alumnos hasta seis años.
 Enciclopedia Didáctica: Período Elemental (Primer Ciclo). Libro de texto para niños de seis a ocho años.
 Enciclopedia Didáctica: Período Elemental (Segundo Ciclo). Libro de texto para niños de ocho a diez años.
 Enciclopedia Didáctica: Período Elemental (Período de Perfeccionamiento). Libro de texto para niños de diez a doce años.

Libros complementarios de la Enciclopedia Práctica y de la Enciclopedia Didáctica:

 Primeras Emociones. Primer libro de lectura para el Primer Grado (Período Elemental).
 Anecdotario Educativo. Segundo libro de lectura para el Grado Segundo (Período Elemental).
 Lecturas Formativas. Libro de lectura para el Grado Tercero (Período de Perfeccionamiento).
 Amenidades. Lecturas orientadas a los niños del Grado Medio.
 Cuaderno de Ejercicios. Adaptados al Grado Preparatorio de la Enciclopedia Práctica.
 Mensajes y Evocaciones. Libro de lectura para el Período de Perfeccionamiento y Grados Superiores.
 Seres y Cultivos. Lecturas y prácticas sobre las ciencias naturales y agrícolas.
 Lecturas Biográficas. Libro de lecturas formativas.
 Panoramas. Tercer libro de lecturas.
 Cordialidades (I, II, y III). Antología lírica infantil.
 Versos para Niños. Antología lírica ilustrada de poesías recitables.
 Estampas Evangélicas. Evocación literaria de la vida del Señor.
 Estampas de la Santísima Virgen. Lecturas religiosas (prosa y versos) sobre la vida de la Virgen.
 Estampas Bíblicas. Evocación Literaria del Antiguo Testamento.
 Evangeliario Ilustrado. Explicación del Evangelio y principales conmemoraciones escolares.
 Nuevas lecturas históricas. Libro de lecturas formativas.
 Nuevas lecturas patrióticas. Libro de lecturas escolares con contenidos sobre la Geografía e Historia de España.
 Santas y Heroínas. Libro de lectura para niños.
 Junto al Divino Maestro. Lecturas reflexivas y estampas evangélicas comentadas.
 Dios con Nosotros. Libro de lecturas Eucarísticas.
 Mensájes Pedagógicos. Orientaciones para el Magisterio.
 Rapsodia Marinera. Ensayos sobre el valor pedagógico del mar.

Otros títulos:

 Beethoven. Libro sobre la vida y obra de Beetthoven.
 Velázquez. Grandes hombres. Vida y obra de Velázquez.
 Hombres y obras. Lecturas a base de biografías comentadas.
 Una trayectoria pedagógica. Justificación, desarrollo y análisis de la labor pedagógica y social realizada en una escuela rural.

La Cartilla Práctica

Método práctico para el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura y del dibujo simultáneos. Sigue el método ideovisual y presenta la novedad de incorporar el mismo texto tanto en letra de imprenta como en letra manuscrita para favorecer la lectura y la escritura simultáneamente, pudiendo dedicarse el maestro a otras actividades mientras el niño copia lo que está aprendiendo a leer.

La Enciclopedia Práctica

Fue una serie de libros de texto enciclopédicos orientados a niños de párvulo y de seis a doce años que incluían todas las materias del curso. La Enciclopedia Práctica contenía materias como Historia de España, Lengua Castellana, Aritmética, Geometría, Geografía, Ciencias Naturales, Doctrina Cristiana, Historia Sagrada, o Doctrina del Movimiento Nacional.
Contaba además con libros complementarios para los maestros. Estos recogían sugerencias y las soluciones a los ejercicios propuestos para los Grados Preparatorio, Elemental, Medio y Superior junto con normas prácticas de metodología y organización escolar.
Los libros de texto fueron ilustrados por Fernández Collado y Juan Navarro Higuera, llegando a publicarse numerosas reediciones de los mismos.

La Enciclopedia Didáctica

Adaptación práctica de las asignaturas de las Escuelas Primarias a los Cuestionarios Oficiales. Orientada a niños de seis a doce años.

Véase también
 Condecorados con la Orden de Alfonso X el Sabio

Notas y referencias

Enlaces externos

 Revista Tendencias Pedagógicas n.º1, 1995, pp. 75-86. La evolución de la enseñanza Primaria en España: organización de la etapa y programa de estudios.

Profesores de España
Grandes cruces de la Orden de Alfonso X el Sabio
Nacidos en Malpartida de Plasencia
Fallecidos en Valladolid

Antonio Fernández Rodríguez


Sönke Möhring (Unna, ) es un actor alemán, más conocido por haber interpretado a Sascha en Maddin in Love y por sus participaciones en varias películas alemanas. Sönke interpretó a Walter Frazer en la película Inglourious Basterds.

Biografía
Su padre fue un oficial del ejército y su madre una maestra, tiene una hermana Wiebke Möhring, y dos hermanos Hauke y el actor Wotan Wilke Möhring.

Sönke puede hablar alemán, inglés, francés y ruso.

Carrera
Sönke ha trabajado con su hermano en producciones como Echte Männer, Cowgirl, Goldene Zeiten, 3 Engel auf der Chefetage, Video Kings, Bella Block - Vorhersehung y en Hindenburg donde interpretó a Hans Hugo Erdmann.

En 2003 hizo su debut cuando obtuvo un papel en la película Anatomía 2, la secuela de Anatomía. En 2008 apareció en varios episodios de la serie Maddin in Love, donde interpretó a Sascha. En 2009 apareció en la película estadounidense Inglourious Basterds, donde interpretó al soldado raso Butz Walter Frazer.

En 2012 obtuvo un papel secundario en la película The Impossible, donde interpretó a Karl.

Filmografía

Películas

Series de televisión

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sönke Möhring - Zimbio

Actores de televisión de Alemania
Actores de cine de Alemania

Sönke Möhring


La cruz de San Juan Bautista es una cruz griega en blanco (plata) sobre rojo (gules); gráficamente es complementaria de la cruz de San Jorge.
Tiene gran importancia en las ciudades como Chiclana de la Frontera debido a que San Juan Bautista es su patrón.

Historia
La cruz de San Juan es muy antigua, generalmente se considera descendiente de la blutfahne, la originaria bandera del soberano del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico constituida por una tela de color rojo a la que se añadió una cruz de plata; en consecuencia era un símbolo de pertenencia a la familia imperial de los gibelinos, al contrario que la cruz de San Jorge que indicaba preferencia por los güelfos.

Naciones y ciudades que tienen la cruz de San Juan Bautista en la enseña o escudo

Naciones
Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico (1200-1350)
Ducado de Saboya
República florentina
Reino de Cerdeña
Reino de Italia (1861-1946)
Orden de Malta

Regiones
Piamonte
Ródano-Alpes
Saboya
Provincia Marítima de Cartagena

Ciudades

Albacete patrón de la ciudad.
Alcázar de San Juan
Aosta
Asti
Blanes
Borgomanero
Bormio
Bosa
Cagliari
Cassano Magnago
Castelfranco Veneto
Chambéry
Chiclana de la Frontera patrón de la ciudad.
Collegno
Como

Cuneo
Domodossola
Fidenza
Garlasco
Livigno
Lugano
Matelica
Mendrisio
Mirano
Moncalieri
Mondovì
Nicosia

Noale
Noli
Noto
Novara
Oderzo
Oklahoma City
Oleggio
Pavía
Porto Tolle
Rivoli
Sarre
Sassari

Spiere-Helkijn
Tarquinia
Treviso
Tuscania
Valence
Vicenza
Viena
Viladecans
Viterbo

Bibliografía
 Goffredo di Crollalanza, Enciclopedia araldico-cavalleresca. Prontuario nobiliare, pag. 240, Pisa, Direzione del Giornale Araldico, 1878

Véase también
Casa de Saboya
Vexilología
Guardia Real Reino de España, Santo Patrón.

Vexilología
Juan Bautista

Cruz de San Juan Bautista


Georges Tarabichi () a fost un scriitor și traducător sirian. El a tradus peste 200 de opere literare, inclusiv cărți scrise de Hegel, Freud, Sartre și Simone de Beauvoir.

Biografie
Născut în Alep, Georges Tarabichi a studiat la Universitatea din Damasc, unde a obținut o licență în limba arabă și un masterat în educație. El a fost director al Radio Damasc între anii 1963 și 1964, redactor-șef al Journal for Arab Studies din 1972 până în 1984 și al Unity Magazine din 1984 până în 1989. A plecat din Liban în Franța în timpul războiului civil și a locuit o lungă perioadă la Paris.

În 2012 Tarabichi a fost președinte al juriului pentru acordarea Premiului Internațional pentru ficțiune arabă (International Prize for Arabic Fiction).
Georges Tarabichi a murit la 16 martie 2016 în Paris, Franța, la vârsta de 77 de ani.

Scrieri
 الدولة القطرية والنظرية القومية (Statul regional și teoria naționalismului), Beirut, Dar al-Taliʿa, 1982
 Woman Against Her Sex: A Critique of Nawal el-Saadawi - With a Reply by Nawal el-Saadawi, 1988
 مذبحة التراث في الثقافة العربية المعاصرة (Distrugerea patrimoniului în cultura arabă contemporană), Londra, Dar al-Saqi, 1989
 المثقفون العرب والتراث (Intelectualii arabi și moștenirea lor), Londra, Ryad al-Rayyis, 1991
 نقد نقد العقل العربي (O critică a criticii gândirii arabe), 4 vol., Beirut, Dar al-Saqi, 1999-2004
 هرطقات (Gânduri eretice), 2 vol., Beirut, Dar al-Saqi, 2006-2008

Referințe

Nașteri în 1939
Decese în 2016
Cioturi Biografii sirieni
Scriitori sirieni

Georges Tarabichi


Torsten Stiig Jansen (født 24. juli 1963) er en dansk journalist. Han begyndte sin karriere på Ekstra Bladet for i 1996 at flytte til DR hvor han arbejdede som udlands-reporter, USA korrespondent, Udlandschef og nyhedsvært på TV Avisen.
Han forlod DR i 2007 efter at have fået stillingen som kulturattaché på Kongeriget Danmarks ambassader i Washington D.C.
I dag beklæder han stillingen som associate partner i Public affairs bureauet, LEAD Agency i København. Jansen har skrevet flere bøger, den seneste " Sprækker. Om rystelserne i venskabet mellem USA og Danmark" blev udgivet af forlaget Gyldendal i 2020. Bogen indeholder interviews med alle nulevende danske statsministre (2019).

Referencer

Journalister fra Danmark

Torsten Stiig Jansen


An Mycaranthes pannea in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni John Lindley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Sing Chi Chen och Jeffrey James Wood. An Mycaranthes pannea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Mycaranthes, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mycaranthes

Mycaranthes pannea


Amur yayın balığı (Silurus asotus), Siluridae familyasından Doğu Asya'da (Çin, Moğolistan ve Rusya) bulunan yayın balığı türü. İsviçrenin bazı ırmaklarına salınmıştır ve büyük bir ihtimalle bundan sonra Avrupa'ya da yayılacaktır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Bayağı yayın balığı (Silurus glanis), Avrupa ve Batı Asya
 Mezopotamya yayın balığı (Silurus triostegus), Mezopotamya, Güney ve Güneydoğu Anadolu, Orta doğu.
 Aristoteles yayın balığı (Silurus aristotelis), Yunanistan. Silurus glanis''' ile birlikte Avrupa'da bulunan tek yayın türüdür.
 Mekong dev yayın balığı (Pangasius gigas), Çin'de Mekong ırmağının alt kısmında yaşar.
 Kedi yayın balığı (Ameiurus nebulosus'')

Dış bağlantılar

Siluridae
Tatlı su balıkları
Carl Linnaeus tarafından adlandırılmış taksonlar

Amur yayın balığı


කුවේට් නගරය කුවේට්හි අගනගරය ව අතර විශාලතම නගරය ද වෙයි. කුවේට් නගරය තුළ ජනගහනය 63600 (2006 සංගණනය) වන අතර නගරයෙන් බැහැර ප්‍රදේශ වල ජනගහනය මිලියන 2.38 ක් වේ. පර්සියානු මුහුදු බොක්කේ ඉව්ර අසල රටේ හදවත බදු පෙදෙසක කුවේට් නගරය පිහිටා ඇති අතර මජ්ලිස් අල් උම්මා නම් කුවේට් පාර්ලිමේන්තුවද, රාජය කාර්යාල, නිල නිවාස, ප්‍රධාන කාර්යාල සහ බැංකු ද පිහිටා ඇත. කුවේට් නගරය එමිරයේ දේශපාලනික, ආර්ථික. සංස්කෘතික කේන්ද්‍රය වේ.

කුවේට් නගරයේ වෙළෙද හා ගමනාගමන අවශ්‍යතා සපයන්නෙ කුවේට් ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන් තොටුපල මිනා අල් සුවේක් මිලා අල් අහමඩ් නමැති වරායන් දෙකෙනි. එම වරායන් පර්සියානු බොක්කේ සිට 50 දුරින් පිහිටා ඇත.

අගනගර

කුවේට් නගරය


Central Division er en af de fire divisioner i den nordamerikanske ishockeyliga, National Hockey League. Det en af de to divisioner, der udgør Western Conference i ligaen. Central Division blev oprettet i 1993 i forbindelse med en omstrukturering af ligaen som en delvis efterfølger til Norris Division.

Central Division består pr. 2021-22 af otte hold, heraf et i Canada og syv i USA.

Hold

Central Division blev oprettet i 1993 i forbindelse med en omstrukturering af ligaen som en delvis efterfølger til Norris Division, idet fem af divisionens seks hold kom fra Norris Division: Chicago Blackhawks, Dallas Stars (der samtidig blev flyttet fra Minnesota til Dallas), Detroit Red Wings, St. Louis Blues og Toronto Maple Leafs. Det sidste hold, Winnipeg Jets, kom fra Smythe Division.

Divisionens holdsammensætning er siden da blevet justeret flere gange. I 1996 flyttede Winnipeg Jets til Phoenix og skiftede navn til Phoenix Coyotes. I 1998 blev Dallas Stars og Phoenix Coyotes flyttet over i Pacific Division samtidig med, at Toronto Maple Leafs skiftede til Northeast Division. Til gengæld blev ligaen udvidet med et nyt hold, Nashville Predators, som blev placeret i Central Division. I 2000 blev ligaen udvidet med endnu et hold, Columbus Blue Jackets, som ligeledes blev placeret i Central Divison.

I 2013 gennemførtes en større omstrukturering af ligaen, der medførte at Columbus Blue Jackets blev flyttet over i Metropolitan Division og Detroit Red Wings blev overført til Atlantic Division. Omvendt fik Cetral Division tilgang af fire hold: Colorado Avalanche og Minnesota Wild fra Northwest Division, Dallas Stars fra Pacific Division og Winnipeg Jets fra Southeast Division.

På grund af COVID-19-pandemien blev ligaen i sæsonen 2020-21 midlertidigt inddelt i fire nye divisioner, så de syv candiske hold blev samlet i én division. Det påvirkede Central Division på den måde, at Winnipeg Jets blev flyttet til North Division, mens Colorado Avalanche, Minnesota Wild og St. Louis Blues flyttedes til West Division. Til gengæld modtog Central division fem hold: Carolina Hurricanes og Columbus Blue Jackets fra Metropolitan Division samt Detroit Red Wings, Florida Panthers og Tampa Bay Lightning fra Atlantic Division.

I 2021 gik man tilbage til ordinære divisionsinddeling fra sæsonen 2019-20, men i forbindelse med udvidelsen af National Hockey League med et hold i Seattle, blev Arizona Coyotes overført til Central Division, så alle fire divisioner i ligaen kom til at bestå af otte hold.

Resultater

Divisionsmesterskaber

Mesterskabet i Central Divison vindes af det af divisionens hold, der opnår flest point i National Hockey Leagues grundspil.

Placeringer

Holdenes grundspilsplaceringer i Central Divison.

Sæsoner

Holdenes grundspilsplaceringer i Central Divison med angivelse af antal opnåede point.

Kilder
 National Hockey League

Noter

Divisioner i National Hockey League
Etableret i 1993

Central Division (NHL)


Radošina este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Topoľčany din regiunea Nitra. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.948 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Radošina este atestată documentar din 1277.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Radošina


بلدية سانتا أولاليا دي ريوبريمير (بالكاتالانية: Santa Eulàlia de Riuprimer) هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برشلونة، والتي تقع في منطقة كاتالونيا، شرق إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 954 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

مراجع

بلديات في مقاطعة برشلونة

سانتا يولاليا دي رايوبرايمير


Scott ist ein Einschlagkrater auf der Mondvorderseite in der Nähe des Südpols. Bedingt durch diese Lage ist das Innere des erodierten Kraters häufig in Schatten getaucht.
Er liegt südlich des Kraters Demonax und westlich von Amundsen.

Der Krater wurde 1964 von der IAU nach dem britischen Polarforscher Robert Falcon Scott offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 Scott auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)
Robert Falcon Scott als Namensgeber

Scott (Mondkrater)


The Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album has been awarded since 1959. The award is generally given to the album producer, principal vocalist(s), and the composer and lyricist if they have written a new score which comprises 51% or more playing time of the album.

Process
Over the years, the qualifications for the individual nominees has fluctuated with principal artists, composers, and producers at one point being the sole eligible nominee, to the current (as of the 65th Grammy Awards) standard which is as follows: "For albums containing greater than 51% playing time of new recordings. Award to the principal vocalist(s), and the album producer(s) of 50% or more playing time of the album. The lyricist(s) and composer(s) of 50 % or more of a score of a new recording are eligible for an Award if any previous recording of said score has not been nominated in this category."

Vocalists were first awarded in this category at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards in 2012. When an album does not feature any individual soloists and predominantly features an ensemble cast, no individual award is given to the members of the ensemble, with each member instead receiving a winners certificate. As of the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards, only a maximum of four principle vocalists can be awarded (previously unlimited), in addition to the producer/s and lyricists/composers.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out, for music released in the previous year.

Name changes
This award has had several minor name changes:

In 1959 the award was known as Best Original Cast Album (Broadway or TV)
In 1960 it was awarded as Best Broadway Show Album
In 1961 it was awarded as Best Show Album (Original Cast)
From 1962 to 1963 it was awarded as Best Original Cast Show Album
From 1964 to 1973 it was awarded as Best Score From an Original Cast Show Album
From 1974 to 1975 it was awarded as Best Score From the Original Cast Show Album
From 1976 to 1986 it was awarded as Best Cast Show Album
From 1987 to 1991 it was awarded as Best Musical Cast Show Album
From 1992 to 2011 it was awarded as Best Musical Show Album
From 2012 it has been known as Best Musical Theater Album.

Winner and nominees
†indicates the winner of the Tony Award for Best Musical

Shows with multiple wins and nominations

Shows with multiple wins
2 wins:
Gypsy
Les Misérables
West Side Story
Into the Woods

Shows with multiple nominations
4 nominations
Gypsy
West Side Story
Into the Woods

3 nominations:
Anything Goes
Chicago
Follies
Guys and Dolls
Hair
Hello, Dolly!
The King and I
Les Misérables
A Little Night Music
The Music Man
My Fair Lady
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street

2 nominations:
Ain't Misbehavin'
Assassins
Carousel
Cabaret
Cats
A Chorus Line
Company
Crazy for You
The Color Purple
Fiddler on the Roof
Flower Drum Song
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum
Hedwig and the Angry Inch
How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
Kiss of the Spider Woman
Kiss Me, Kate
Kinky Boots
Little Shop of Horrors
Man of La Mancha
Me and My Girl
Nine
Oklahoma!
Pacific Overtures
Promises, Promises
Ragtime
South Pacific
Sweet Charity
You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown
Zorba

Individuals with multiple wins
6 wins:
Thomas Z. Shepard
Stephen Sondheim

5 wins:
Frank Filipetti
Jay David Saks

3 wins:
Alex Lacamoire
Charles Strouse

2 wins:
David Caddick
Pete Ganbarg
Pete Karam
Goddard Lieberson
Lin-Manuel Miranda
Stephen Oremus
Phil Ramone
Tim Rice
Richard Rodgers
Stephen Schwartz
Phillipa Soo
Bill Sherman
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Todd Whitelock

References

External links
 Official Site of the Grammy Awards

Musical Show Album
Musical theatre awards
Awards established in 1959
1959 establishments in the United States
Album awards


Facundo Bazzi es un ciclista argentino oriundo de la ciudad capital bonaerense de La Plata. Nacido el 17 de marzo de 1982. En el año 2009 se adjudicó el Campeonato Argentino disputado en Mar del Plata tras la desclasificación por dopaje positivo del ganador original Pablo Brun.

Trayectoria
Sus primeros contactos con la bicicleta se dieron a la edad temprana de los 3 años , incursionó en el ciclismo en la categoría infantiles hasta que en el año 99 integró su primer seleccionado juvenil en el que disputó campeonato panamericano juvenil obteniendo el subcampeonato panamericano por debajo de la selección de chile, en el siguiente año obtuvo revancha al obtener la medalla dorada en los panamericanos de Brasil superando a Venezuela y la selección local, también obtuvo el bronce en la prueba individual de los 3000 m y, luego participó en el mundial de Fiorenzuola, Italia obteniendo el 12º puesto en la prueba 4x4000 y el 15º puesto en la prueba individual. Tuvo su oportunidad en la selección mayor ese mismo año en el panamericano de elite en Bucaramanga Colombia donde el bronce coronó un año de lujo; ganador de etapa de doble Bragado, rutas de América y vuelta Uruguay...  podios en etapas de vuelta a Río de Janeiro y vuelta a Santa Catarina. vuelta a Chile, tour de San Luis . vuelta al centro. y giro bonaerense ya que su padre era propietario de una bicicletería en su ciudad natal. Con el paso del tiempo se fue perfeccionando hasta llegar a competir en los grupos de elite en las especialidades pista y ruta.

En el año 2008 compitió en equipo de ciclismo 3 de febrero, rodados nene, (arg) olímpico juvenil , club ciclista fénix Estados Unidos con el equipo latino Cycling Team, conformado totalmente por ciclistas de origen latino, e integró la delegación argentina en los Juegos Olímpicos de Pekín 2008.

Su triunfo más destacado llegó en el 2009 cuando se coronó Campeón argentino.

Triunfos destacados
Vuelta a Colón (2007)
Campeonato de Argentina de Ciclismo en Ruta (2009)

Enlaces externos
 Ficha personal

Referencias

Ciclistas de Argentina
Ciclistas de Argentina en los Juegos Olímpicos de Pekín 2008
Deportistas de La Plata
Platenses

Facundo Bazzi


Optička os leće je pravac koji se podudara s osi simetrije leće i prolazi kroz središte zakrivljenosti.

Vrste optičkih leća

Optička leća je providno staklo omeđeno s dvjema kuglinim plohama. Takva ploha koja odjeljuje dva sredstva različitog indeksa loma, na primjer zraka i stakla, zove se dioptrijska ploha ili dioptar. Pravac koji spaja središta zakrivljenosti obiju ploha zove se optička os leće. Leća koja je u sredini deblja nego s ruba zove se ispupčena ili konveksna leća, a leća koja je u sredini tanja nego s ruba, zove se udubljena ili konkavna leća.

Ispupčena ili konveksna leća može biti bikonveksna kada su joj obje plohe ispupčene, plankonveksna kada joj je jedna strana ravna, a druga ispupčena i konkavkonveksna ako joj je jedna strana udubljena, a druga ispupčena. Udubljena ili konkavna leća može biti bikonkavna ako su joj obje plohe udubljene, plankonkavna ako joj je jedna ploha ravna, a druga udubljena, konvekskonkavna kada joj je jedna strana ispupčena, a druga udubljena.

Zraka svjetlosti koja prolazi kroz leću lomi se dvaput, to jest na prvoj i drugoj sfernoj plohi. Zraka koja ide uzduž optičke osi leće prolazi kroz leću nelomljena, jer je srednji dio leće planparalelna ploča. Pramen zraka Sunca ili bilo kojeg udaljenog izvora svjetlosti skupit će se nakon loma kroz konveksnu leću u jednoj točki iza leće koja se zove žarište ili fokus. Zbog toga se konveksna leća zove i leća sabirača. U to se možemo uvjeriti ako sabirnu leću okrenemo prema Suncu. Paralelne Sunčeve zrake sastat će se nakon loma u leći u žarištu, pa se tu može na primjer zapaliti šibica. Izlaze li zrake iz žarišta leće one će se lomiti tako da izlaze paralelno s optičkom osi.

Kod loma kroz konkavnu leću paralelne zrake se rašire na sve strane kao da dolaze iz jedne točke, žarišta. Zato se konkavna leća zove i leća rastresača. Obrnuto, zrake koje su uperene prema stražnjem žarištu konkavne leće izlaze nakon loma paralelne s optičkom osi.

Način kako leća lomi zrake svjetlosti možemo protumačiti tako da uzmemo kao da je leća sastavljena od malih prizama. Prizma lomi zrake svjetlosti prema debljem kraju. Optičko središte leće je točka koja se nalazi na osi leće, i to kod simetrične bikonveksne i bikonkavne leće u središnjoj ravnini, a kod plankonveksne i plankonkavne leće u tjemenu zakrivljene plohe. Dakle, središte leće je točka unutar leće u kojoj se nijedna zraka ne lomi. Zraka svjetlosti koja prolazi koso kroz optičko središte neće se otkloniti jer je taj dio leće planparalelna ploča. Ta se zraka zove glavna zraka.

Simetrična bikonveksna i bikonkavna leća ima dva žarišta koja leže simetrično s obzirom na optičko središte. Udaljenost f žarišta (fokusa) od optičkog središta zove se žarišna daljina. Žarišna daljina ovisi o ondeksu loma materijala, od koje je leća, i od polumjera zakrivljenosti. Što je veći indeks loma, a manji polumjer zakrivljenosti, to je manja žarišna daljina.

Važno je svojstvo konveksne leće da se pramen zraka koji izlazi iz neke točke sastaje nakon loma ponovo u jednoj točki. Pomakne li se svijetla točka po luku u drugu točku i njezina slika će se pomaknuti u drugu točku.

Optička os kristala
Stavimo li islandski dvolomac na slova u knjizi, vidjet ćemo ih dvostruko. Ta pojava, koja nastaje i kod nekih drugih prozirnih kristala, dolazi zbog toga što se zraka svjetlosti rastavlja u dva dijela prolazom kroz kristal. Obje lomljene zrake su polarizirane, i to u međusobno okomitim ravninama. Kod toga se zraka koja se vlada po zakonima loma zove redovita ili ordinarna os, a druga izvanredna ili ekstraordinarna e. Indeks loma izvanredne zrake ovisi o njezinom smjeru s obzirom na kristalne osi dvolomca, to jest izvanredna zraka lomi se u različitim smjerovima različito. Iz različitosti indeksa loma redovne i izvanredne zrake izlazi da se te dvije zrake u kristalu šire različitim brzinama. Za redovnu zraku je brzina svjetlosti uvijek ista bez obzira kojim smjerom ta zraka prolazi kroz kristal. Za izvanrednu zraku brzina svjetlosti nije konstantna, već ovisi o smjeru kojim se ta zraka širi kroz kristal. U kristalu postoji određeni smjer, u kome je brzina redovne zrake jednaka brzini izvanredne zrake. Taj se smjer zove optička os kristala.

Izvori

Optika

Optička os


Kvasir, İskandinav mitolojisi'nde bütün insanlık içinde en bilge insan olduğuna inanılan şairdir. Eğer Suttung denen bir dev, Kvasir'in kanını balla karıştırırsa oluşan likörün içenlere bilgelik vereceğine inanılırdı. Kvasir'in iki rakip tanrı grubu, Æsir (ya da Aesir) ve Vanir tanrılarının kısa bir barış dönemlerinde bir kaba attıkları tükürüklerinden doğduğu rivayet edilirdi. Kvasir her yeri dolaşıp insanlara bilgiler verir, onların sorularını yanıtlardı. Eğitim ve bilgiden nefret eden ve tüm bunlardan usanmış Fjalar ve Galar adlarında iki sihirli cüce, Kvasir'i öldürüp kanını Odhrörir adlı tılsım ve sihirler içeren bir kaba akıtırlar. Kvasir'in bu hazin ölümü, Edda'ların bir bölümünü oluşturan Braga Raedur'da (Bragi'nin Konuşmaları) anlatılır.Ama daha sonra bazı hikâyelerde tekrar göründüğünden dirilmiş olması muhtemeldir.

Vanir
Aesir
Hikmet tanrıları
İskandinav tanrıları

Kvasir


Elliotts fasan () er en hønsefugl, der lever i Kina.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Syrmaticus
Fugle fra Kina

Elliotts fasan


Reorganizarea armatei din 1917 a reprezentat procesul prin care marile unități și unitățile Armatei României au fost trecute în refacere, completate cu efective și echipamente militare, reorganizate și instruite, în urma pierderilor suferite în campania anului 1916.

Procesul de reorganizare s-a desfășurat în Moldova, unitățile Armatei 1 executând reorganizarea în spatele frontului iar unitățile Armatei 2 pe front. Procesul s-a încheiat în linii mari la începutul lunii iulie 1917, deși unele mari unități (ex. Divizia 4 Infanterie) au terminat reorganizarea abia în luna noiembrie 1917.

Situația la sfârșitul anului 1916
La 1 ianuarie 1917 situațía României era foarte grea, având 2/3 din teritoriul național ocupat de forțele Puterilor Centrale. Singurul teritoriu rămas sub autoritatea guvernului român - Moldova era supraaglomerat, pe lângă populația locală fusese nevoită să se retragă resturile unităților din Armata României, precum și peste 1,5 milioane de refugiați. La aceștia se adăugau circa 800.000 de militari ruși care apărau Frontul Român.

În campania anului 1916 Armata României suferise pierderi care se cifrau la aproape 2/3 din efectivul armatei de operații (de la 564.431  la 194.945 de militari). Dintre aceștia, peste 100.000 erau morți sau dispăruți, 50.000 de răniți, iar restul prizonieri sau rămași în teritoriul ocupat. Efectivele unor divizii de infanterie erau reduse sub nivelul celor ale unui regiment: Diviziile 2/5 și 9/19 Infanterie aveau între 2.500 și 5.000 de militari, Divizia 12 Infanterie avea 7 batalioane cu un total de 2.000 de oameni, iar  Divizia 7 Infanterie avea 5 batalioane și 13 baterii de artlerie, cu un total de 4.000 de oameni.

Pierderile erau foarte mari și în ceea ce privește echipamentul militar. Fuseseră pierdute 290.000 de arme individuale, 250 de mitraliere, 450 tunuri din care 230 tunuri moderne de 75 mm cu tragere repede și 60 de obuziere de 105 mm.

La 1 ianuarie 1917, de fapt, nici nu se știa exact ce mai rămăsese din personal și material, numai așa se explică tatonările, impreciziunile, schimbările și contraordinele ce au urmat, producând perturbațiuni grave.
___ General Gheoghe Dabija, Armata română în războiul mondial (1916 – 1918)

Principiile reorganizării
Reorganizarea forțelor Armatei României s-a făcut pe baza a patru principii generale:
 Reducerea armatei de operațiii, la un efectiv corespunzător resurselor disponibile și care să fie sustenabil în ipoteza ducerii unei campanii cu durată mare în timp
 Redimensionarea și înzestrarea diviziilor astfel încât ele trebuiau să devină unități autonome, capabile să se autosusțină și să lupte independent, având și servicii de etape
 Transformarea corpurilor de armată doar în organe de comandament, formate din generalul comandant și statul său major, fără unități auxiliare și de sprijin
 Înzestrarea armatelor cu unități de sprijin de luptă (cavalerie, artilerie grea, pontonieri, servicii etc.) și trupe și servicii de etape

Sistemul de comandă

Completarea cu efective
Completarea cu personal s-a făcut cu militari de la părțile sedentare ale unităților (130.000 oameni) și din contingentele 1917 și 1918 (80.000 oameni). La sfârșitul reorganizării, totalul forțelor luptătoare, fără formațiunile de etape și servicii, se ridica la puțin peste 400.000 militari.

Completarea cu armament și echipamente militare

Situația la sfârșitul reorganizării

Infanterie

Cavaleria

Artileria

Aeronautica

Specialitățile

Instruirea

Referințe și note

Bibliografie
 Dabija Gheorghe A. (general), Armata română în războiul mondial (1916 – 1918), vol. II, București, Editura I. Hertz, f.a.
 Kirițescu, Constantin, Istoria războiului pentru întregirea României, Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, București, 1989
 Ioanițiu, Alexandru (Lt.-Colonel), Războiul României: 1916-1918, vol II, Tipografia Geniului, București, 1929
 Torrey, Glenn E., România în Primul Război Mondial, Editura Meteor Publishing, București, 2014
 ***, Istoria militară a poporului român, vol. V, Editura Militară, București, 1989
 ***, România în anii primului Război Mondial, Editura Militară, București, 1987

Vezi și
 Participarea României la Primul Război Mondial

Legături externe

România în Primul Război Mondial

Reorganizarea Armatei României (1917)


Fiskalni konzervativizam (također ekonomski konzervativizam ili konzervativna ekonomija) je političko-ekonomska filozofija glede fiskalne politike i odgovornosti koja se zalaže za niske poreze, smanjenu državnu potrošnju i minimalni dug države. Slobodna trgovina, deregulacija gospodarstva, niži porezi i privatizacija su temeljni elementi fiskalnog konzervativizma. Fiskalni konzervativizam slijedi filozofske poglede i klasičnog i ekonomskog liberalizma. Pojam je nastao 1930-ih u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama u doba New Deala kao odgovor klasičnih liberala koji se nisu slagali s novom liberalnom ekonomskom politikom koju su vodili reformirani i moderni liberali.

Naime, u Sjedinjenim Državama, pojam liberalizma  se sve više počeo dovoditi u kontekst sa skrbničkom državom i proširenjem regulatorne politike države, nastalima kao posljedica New Deal-a i njegovih izdanaka. Fiskalni konzervativci čine jednu od tri grane tradicionalnog konzervativnog pokreta u Sjedinjenim Državama, zajedno sa socijalnim konzervativcima i konzervativcima nacionalne obrane. Mnogi Amerikanci koji su klasični liberali imaju tendenciju identificirati se kao libertarijanci, zastupajući društveno liberalne stavove i zagovarajući vanjsku politiku ne mješanja te istodobno podržavajući niže poreze i manju državnu potrošnju.

Principi
Fiskalni konzervativizam je ekonomska filozofija razboritosti u državnoj potrošnji i dugu. Fiskalni konzervativci zagovaraju izbjegavanje deficitarnog financiranja, smanjenje ukupne državne potrošnje i državnog duga te osiguravanje proračunske ravnoteže. Drugim riječima, fiskalni konzervativci se protive vlade koja se širi izvan svojih prihoda kroz dug, ali će prije odabrati dug nego povećanje poreza.

Edmund Burke je u svojim Razmišljanjima o Francuskoj revoluciji tvrdio da vlada nema pravo stvarati velike dugove, a zatim teret njihova podmirivanja prebaciti na porezne obveznike.

Iako se svi fiskalni konzervativci općenito slažu oko pitanja manje i jeftine vlade, među njima postoje neslaganja oko prioriteta. Postoje tri glavne frakcije ili podskupine koje stavljaju naglasak na različite stvari:

Prva skupina naglašava važnost balansiranja državnog proračuna i smanjenje državnog duga, dok državni dug smatraju ekonomski štetnim i moralno sumnjivim jer prelazi na nove generacije koje nisu sudjelovale u njegovom stvaranju kroz porezne i troškovne odluke. Spremni su uzeti u obzir povećanje poreza ako bi se taj dodatni prihod koristio za smanjenje duga, a ne povećanje potrošnje.

Druga skupina stavlja naglasak na smanjenje poreza, a ne potrošnje ili duga. Mnogi od njih prihvaćaju supply-side economics (ekonomija ponude) tvrdeći kako bi visoki porezi obeshrabrili gospodarsku aktivnost i ulaganja, dok bi smanjenje poreza rezultiralo gospodarskim rastom koji bi doveo do povećanja državnih prihoda koji bi se mogli korisiti za dugoročno smanjenje duga. Također podržavaju smanjenje poreza čak i ako bi to dovelo do kratkoročnog povećanja deficita. Neki od njih smatraju da bi povećanje prihoda kroz smanjenje poreza nepotrebno drastično smanjilo potrošnju. Međutim, Kongresni ured za proračun (CBO) opetovano je izvještavao da smanjivanje poreza na dohodak povećava deficit i dug te ne plaća samo za sebe. Na primjer, CBO je procijenio da je Bushevo smanjenje poreza povećalo deficit proračuna i ukupni državni dug za oko 1,5 bilijuna dolara u razdoblju između 2002-2011 i da bi između 2010-2019 dodalo još gotovo 3 bilijuna dolara ako bi bilo potpuno prošireno na svim razinama dohotka.

Treća skupina stvara malu razliku između duga i poreza, naglašavajući važnost smanjenja potrošnje, a ne porezne politike ili smanjenja duga. Oni tvrde da je pravi trošak vlasti razina potrošnje, a ne kako se financira ta potrošnja. Svaki dolar koji vlada potroši je dolar preuzet od radnika, bez obzira je li riječ o dugu ili porezima. Porezi jednostavno preraspodjeljuju kupovnu moć, čineći to na posebno neučinkovit način, smanjujući tako poticaje za proizvodnju ili najam i zaduživanje te prisiljava poduzeća i investitore da kasnije očekuju više poreze.

Izvori

Citati

Knjige

Političke ideologije
Fiskalna politika

Fiskalni konzervativizam


Der Jing'an-Tempel (Chinesisch: 静安寺, übersetzt "Tempel des Friedens und der Ruhe") ist ein buddhistischer Tempel an der West Nanjing Road im Stadtbezirk Jing'an in Shanghai, Volksrepublik China. Er zählt zusammen mit dem Yonghe-Tempel in Peking und dem Guangxiao-Tempel in Guangzhou zu den bedeutendsten buddhistischen Sakralbauten in China.

Architektur

Der Tempel umfasst drei große Hallen, die Mahavira Hall, die Hall of Heavenly Kings und die Hall of three Gods. In der 1991 fertiggestellten Mahavira-Halle befindet sich eine eindrucksvolle, 3,8 m hohe und etwa 11 Tonnen schwere Buddhastatue aus Jade, die größte dieser Art in China. In einer zweiten Halle ist ein über acht Meter hoher Silber-Buddha zu sehen.

Im geräumigen Innenhof des Tempels brennen die Besucher in zwei dafür bereitgestellten Feuerstellen Räucherstäbchen nieder. Andere versuchen, Geldstücke in den zentral in der Mitte des Hofes platzierten Schrein zu werfen, was dem erfolgreichen Schützen Glück bescheren soll.

Entstehungsgeschichte

Der Tempel wurde ursprünglich im Jahr 247 n. Chr., zur Zeit der Wu-Dynastie, am Suzhou-Fluss erbaut und trug zu dieser Zeit noch den Namen Chongyuan-Tempel. Er musste aufgrund von immer wieder auftretenden Überschwemmungen während der Song-Dynastie (960–1279 n. Chr.) im Jahr 1216 an den heutigen Standort in der Nanjing Road verlegt werden. Während der Kulturrevolution wurde der Tempel als Kunststofffabrik genutzt. Im Jahr 1972 brannte er komplett nieder und wurde ab 1983 wieder schrittweise aufgebaut. Die letzten umfangreichen Renovierungsarbeiten fanden im Jahr 2004 statt.

Lage
Der Jing'an-Tempel liegt an der gleichnamigen Haltestelle der Linien 2 und 7 der Metro Shanghai in der 1686, Nanjing Road West. Der Stadtbezirk Jing'an zählt zu den am dichtesten bebauten Stadtteilen Shanghais. In der unmittelbaren Umgebung des Tempels befinden sich zahlreiche Hochhäuser und belebte Einkaufsstraßen.

Öffnungszeiten
Der Tempel ist in der Zeit zwischen 07:30 Uhr und 17:00 Uhr geöffnet.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Homepage des Tempels (chinesisch)
 Bericht auf www.chinahighlights.com, abgerufen am 2. Mai 2012

Literatur
 Andrew Forbes: National Geographic Traveler - Shanghai. Gruner + Jahr/RBA 2008, ISBN 3866900627.
 Oliver Fülling: Reiseführer Shanghai. DuMont-Reiseverlag 2009, ISBN 3770172507.
 Robert Zsolnay: Shanghai. M. Müller 2009, ISBN 3899534263.

Buddhistischer Tempel in der Volksrepublik China
Sakralbau in Shanghai
Erbaut in den 240er Jahren
Versetztes Bauwerk in der Volksrepublik China

nl:Jing'an Temple

Jing’an-Tempel


The first USS Hornet was a merchant sloop chartered from Captain William Stone in December 1775 to serve under Stone as a unit of Esek Hopkins' Fleet. The voyage would be the first military action for master's mate Joshua Barney. The vessel was damaged while sailing with the fleet and returned to base. Hornet patrolled Delaware Bay until being captured on 27 April 1777 by the Royal Navy. Hornet was taken to Jamaica, where the ship was found to be leaking and was condemned.

Background
There is some degree of discrepancy in dates concerning both the Hornet and the ship , both of which fitted out in Baltimore, Maryland. The biography of Joshua Barney claims that upon his return to Baltimore after a voyage aboard the ship Sydney (which he had taken command of after the death of her captain) he signed onto be first mate aboard the Hornet and was first tasked to recruit a crew. Part of the way he did this was by hoisting an "American Flag" provided from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Hopkins, indicating the ships were already accepted into the fleet. The Naval Documents of the American Revolution, volume 2, p. 583 place the date of this return as 23 October 1775. Barney claims that after fitting out, both the Hornet and the Wasp sailed in company to join the fleet at Philadelphia at the end of November.

However, colonial records show that on 2 December 1775, Colonel Benjamin Harrison was dispatched to Baltimore to acquire 2–3 ships to be armed and augment Esek Hopkins's fleet. These ships are identified as being the Hornet and the Wasp. Both vessels are noted by the Baltimore Committee as being fitting out as of 18 December 1775. Both the Hornet and the Wasp are noted as joining the fleet in Philadelphia on 13 February 1776. Given the dates from the Colonial sources come from the records of government bodies in the course of their work and that the dates from Mary Barney's account come from family papers and recollections, it is more likely that Barney's dates are in error and that the events in question happened according to the later timeline. Hence, it is probably safer to say that the Hornet along with the Wasp was acquired by the Continental Congress via the efforts of Col. Harrison between 2 and 18 December, fitted out between the date of acquisition along with the Wasp, and then were commissioned into the Continental Navy on 13 February 1776 after joining the fleet in Philadelphia.

Service
Hornet then sailed with Hopkins fleet 18 February 1776. Outside the Virginia Capes, she ran afoul of  and was unable to accompany the fleet for the amphibious assault on New Providence. On 27 August 1776, Congress offer to purchase the Hornet from her owner, William Stone. She patrolled in the Delaware Bay for nearly a year, then ran the British blockade to convoy merchantmen to Charleston.

Hornet was captured by HM schooner Porcupine on 27 April 1777. According to records of the Vice Admiralty Court at Jamaica, Hornet was built in Bermuda, of 100 tons burden, mounted ten carriage guns and four swivels, and had a crew of thirty-five. She sailed from Philadelphia in January or February 1777 for Charleston in ballast, and at the latter place loaded twenty barrels of rice and twenty-six barrels of indigo for Martinique. The action with Porcupine, which lasted three-quarters of an hour, took place in latitude 22.5 degrees north, and longitude 70 degrees west (roughly  north northeast of Cockburn Town), with upwards of fifty shot being fired. Upon arrival in Jamaica the Hornet was leaky, and, after condemnation, was appraised at £2443.12, including cargo, stores and gunpowder.

Citations

References

Ships of the Continental Navy
1770s ships

USS Hornet (1775)


Le Marine Corps Air StationBeaufort ou MCAS Beaufort ( IATA : NBC , ICAO : KNBC , FAA LID : NBC), est une base aérienne du Corps des Marines des États-Unis à Beaufort, en Caroline du Sud ; nommé aussi Merritt Field.
Environ 4.700 personnes servent à la base, et elle abrite quatre escadrons de chasseurs d'attaque F/A-18 Hornet  et deux escadrons d'entraînement F-35B Lighting II.

Historique
La Naval Air Station Beaufort a été mise en service le  pour des opérations d'entraînement avancé des patrouilles anti-sous-marines pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La base a été désactivée en 1946 et réactivée en 1956. Le , elle a été rebaptisée Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort.

Le , l'aérodrome a été nommé Merritt Field en l'honneur du général de division  qui était un pionnier de l'aviation maritime et qui a servi pendant les deux guerres mondiales et a commandé plusieurs unités aériennes majeures dans le Pacifique Sud pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

Unités présentes
Le surnom de MCAS Beaufort est "Fightertown East".

 :
 Quartier général - Beechcraft C-12 Huron
2nd Marine Aircraft Wing :
 Marine Air Control Group 28 (MACG-28)

Marine Aircraft Group 31 :
Marine All Weather Fighter Attack Squadron 224 (VMFA(AW)-224) – F/A-18D Hornet
Marine All Weather Fighter Attack Squadron 533 (VMFA(AW)-533) – F/A-18D Hornet
Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron 31 (MALS-31)
Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 115 (VMFA-115) – F/A-18A/C Hornet
Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 312 (VMFA-312) – F/A-18C/D Hornet
Marine Fighter Attack Training Squadron 501 (VMFAT-501) – F-35B Lightning II
Marine Fighter Attack Training Squadron 502 (VMFAT-502) – F-35B Lightning II
Marine Wing Support Detachment 273 (MWSD-273)
Marine Aviation Training Support Group 42 :
Marine Fighter Attack Training Squadron (VMFAT-501) – F-35B Lightning II

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Liens internes
 VMFAT-501 (Fleet Replacement Squadron)
 United States Marine Corps Aviation
 Liste des installations de l'United States Marine Corps

Liens externes

Base militaire en Caroline du Sud
Base de l'United States Marine Corps

Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort


Basilicata, İtalya'nın 1948 Anayasası ile kısmi bölgesel özerklik verilmiş 20 bölgesinden birisidir.

Basilacata Bölgesi, İtalya'nın güneyindedir. Batısında Campania, kuzey ve doğusunda Puglia ve güneyinde Calabria bölgeleri bulunur. Güneybatısında Campania ile Calabria arasında Tiren Denizi üzerinde ve Calabria ile Puglia arasında İyon Denizi üzerinde Taranto Körfezi'nde deniz kıyıları vardır. İtalya haritası çizme gibi görüntüsü vermekte ve Puglia çizmenin ökçesinde, Calabria çizmenin burununda ve Basilicata bölgesi ise bunlar arasında çizmenin ayak ortasında yer almaktadır. Bölgenin yüzölçümü 9,992 km² olup nüfusu 2008 itibarıyla 600.000'den biraz azdır. Bölgenin başkenti Potenza şehridir.

Bölgenin illeri ve beldeleri

Basilicata bölgesi iki ilden oluşmaktadır: Potenza ili ve Matera ili.

Basilicata bölgesinde bulunan, nüfusu 10,000 kişiyi aşkın önemli şehir ve beldelerin listesi şudur:

Turizm
Zor erişilebilirlik ve uzun süreli tanıtım eksikliği Basilicata'yı İtalya'nın en uzak ve en az ziyaret edilen bölgelerinden biri yapmıştı. Ancak, turizm 2000'li yılların başından beri yavaş yavaş artmaktadır. Aşırı yoksulluğu nedeniyle katı kalkınma önlemleri almakta ısrar eden başbakan Alcide De Gasperi tarafından bir zamanlar "ulusal rezalet" denilen  Matera, artık Basilicata'nın ana cazibe merkezidir ve 1993 yılında UNESCO Dünya Mirası Alanı olarak belirlenen tarihi merkezi Sassi ile dünya çapında ün kazanmıştır. 2019 yılında Matera Avrupa Kültür Başkenti olarak belirlenmişti.

Sahil turizmi ağırlıklı olarak "Tirren Denizi'nin İncisi" lakaplı Maratea'da yoğunlaşmıştır ama aynı zamanda İyon kıyısı da (Policoro, Pisticci, Bernalda, Nova Siri) oldukça gelişmiştir.

Doğal cazibe merkezleri, İtalya'daki en büyük milli parka ev sahipliği yapan Pollino, Dolomiti lucane ve Vulture'dır. The New York Times, Basilicata'yı "2018'de Gidilecek 52 Yer" listesinde üçüncü sıraya yerleştirerek burayı "İtalya'nın en iyi korunan sırrı" olarak tanımladı.

Resimler

Basilicata

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Basilicata Basilicata Bölgesi resmi websitesi   (Erişme:28.1.2009)
 Basilicata Bölgesi turizm offisi resmi websitesi   (Erişme:4.9.2010)

Basilicata


An Microchilus laticalcar in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Donald Dungan Dod, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Paul Ormerod. An Microchilus laticalcar in nahilalakip ha genus nga Microchilus, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Microchilus (Orchidaceae)

Microchilus laticalcar


The Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technologies (SIIT) is a First Nations-operated post-secondary institution offering training and educational programs in Saskatchewan, Canada.

Campus
As of 2021, SIIT has three campuses, nine Career Centres, two mobile job connection and training units, and over 35 community learning sites throughout the province.

Governance
It is governed by a Board of First Nation Chiefs, Tribal Council appointees and an executive member of the Federation of Sovereign Indigenous Nations. SIIT also a non profit organization that operates within the provincial post-secondary system.

History
SIIT was established in 1976 as the Saskatchewan Indian Community College, and assumed its present name in 1985. On July 1, 2000, the Saskatchewan government recognized SIIT as a post-secondary institution through the enactment of the Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technologies Act.

See also
 Higher education in Saskatchewan
 List of agricultural universities and colleges
 List of colleges in Canada#Saskatchewan

References

External links
 http://www.siit.ca/
 http://www.fsin.com

Educational institutions established in 1976
Vocational education in Canada
First Nations in Saskatchewan
Colleges in Saskatchewan
First Nations education
Indigenous universities and colleges in North America
1976 establishments in Saskatchewan


المفصل الأخرمي الترقوي  هو مفصل في أعلى الكتف بين الأخرم والترقوة.

التكوين

الأربطة
يُثبّت المفصل بواسطة الأربطة:

 الرباط الأخرمي الترقوي: ويربط عظم الترقوة بأخرم عظم الكتف.
 الرباط الأخرمي الترقوي العلوي: رباط رباعي، يغطي الجزء العلوي من المفصل، ويمتد بين الجزء العلوي من الطرف الجانبي لعظم الترقوة والجزء المجاور للسطح العلوي للأخرم. يتألف من ألياف متوازية، تتشابك مع الأوتار العريضة في العضلة شبه المنحرفة والعضلة المثلثة، ومن الأسفل يتصل بالقرص المفصلي.

 الرباط الأخرمي الترقوي السفلي.
 الرباط الغرابي الأخرمي: يمتد من النتوء الغرابي إلى الأخرم.
 الرباط الغرابي الترقوي: ويتكون من رباطين، رباط شبه مخروطي ورباط شبه منحرف. تعمل الأربطة الغرابية الترقوية على ربط عظم الترقوة بالنتوء الغرابي لعظم الكتف. هو ليس جزءًا من المفصل الأخرمي الترقوي، عادةً ما يُذكر ويُصنف معه لأنه أكثر وسيلة فعالة لإبقاء عظم الترقوة بالتماس مع الأخرم. يتكون من حزمتين من الأربطة، الرباط شبه المنحرف والرباط شبه المخروطي، إذ ترتبط هذه الحزم من الأمام بالعضلة تحت الترقوية والعضلة المثلثة -الدالية- ومن الخلف بالعضلة شبه المنحرفة.

الاختلافات
أظهرت دراسة باستخدام أشعة إكس على 100 جندي أمريكي وجود اختلاف كبير في حجم وشكل المفصل الأخرمي الترقوي. إذ تختلف الأسطح المفصلية اختلافًا ملحوظًا في الحجم والشكل. بعضها يفصله الغضروف المفصلي الذي يرتبط بالرباط الأخرم الترقوي. هذا الغضروف صفيحة من الغضاريف الليفية التي تمتد إلى منتصف المفصل تقريبًا، وتشكل قرصًا كاملًا يقسم المفصل إلى جزئين.

الوظيفة
يوفر المفصل الأخرمي الترقوي القدرة على رفع الذراع لأعلى الرأس. هذه الوظائف الحركية للمفصل كالحركة المحورية، مع أنه مفصل زلالي منزلق عمليًا، تجعله يعمل دعامةً، للمساعدة في تحريك عظم الكتف، ما يؤدي إلى إمكانية دوران الذراع بفعالية.

الأهمية السريرية

الإصابات
يُعد الخلع الإصابة الأكثر شيوعًا للمفصل الأخرمي الترقوي، وتُسمى انفصال الكتف. وهذه الحالة تختلف عن خلع الكتف، الذي يشير إلى خلع المفصل الحقاني العضدي.

ينتشر خلع المفصل الأخرمي الترقوي بين الرياضيين مثل لاعبي هوكي الجليد، كرة القدم، الجودو، الرجبي، كرة القدم الأسترالية، ويُعد مشكلة للسباحين وراكبي الخيل وراكبي الدراجات الجبلية والمتزلجين على الجليد والمتزلجين على الألواح. الآلية الأكثر شيوعاً للإصابة بانفصال الكتف هي السقوط على حافة الذراع أو السقوط على الذراع وهو في وضع مستقيم.

تصنف حالات خلع المفصل الأخرمي الترقوي بالرتب من 1 إلى 6. يعتمد التصنيف على درجة انفصال الأخرم عن عظم الترقوة مع الوزن المسلط على الذراع.

 الرتبة الأولى: يكون فيها انفصال المفصل بسيطًا، ويكون الرباط الأخرمي الترقوي ممزق بدرجة كبيرة أو ممزق جزئيًا. وعادة ما يكون الانفصال أقل من 4 مم.

 الرتبة الثانية: يكون خلع المفصل الأخرمي الترقوي جزئيًا، ويحدث تمزق كلي أو جزئي للرباط الأخرمي الترقوي، وتكون فجوة الانفصال أكبر من 5 مم. لا تتطلب الإصابات من الدرجة الأولى والثانية تدخلًا جراحيًا إذ يحدث الشفاء تلقائيًا، لذلك، قد تتطلب العلاج الطبيعي.

 الرتبة الثالثة: تمزق كلي للرباط الأخرمي الترقوي والرباط الغرابي الترقوي. إذ يظهر الجزء السفلي لعظم الترقوة في التصوير الإشعاعي فوق الجزء العلوي من الأخرم. غالبًا لا تتطلب هذه الإصابات تدخلًا جراحيًا، إذ يعاود المفصل تأدية وظيفته الطبيعية في غضون 16-20 أسبوعًا. ومع ذلك، يحدث تشوه فعلي في الكتف مع نتوء ملحوظ ينشأ عن خلع عظم الترقوة.

مراجع

انظر أيضا
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Lüttenhagen ist ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Feldberger Seenlandschaft im Südosten des Landkreises Mecklenburgische Seenplatte in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Geografie und Verkehrsanbindung
Lüttenhagen liegt westlich der Stadt Feldberg an der Kreisstraße K 94 und der Landesstraße L 341. Westlich des Ortes erstreckt sich der 69 ha große Dolgener See und südlich das 67 ha große Naturschutzgebiet Heilige Hallen, das Teil des Naturparks Feldberger Seenlandschaft ist.

Sehenswürdigkeiten

Baudenkmale
In der Liste der Baudenkmale in Feldberger Seenlandschaft ist für Lüttenhagen ein Baudenkmal aufgeführt:
 Kirche mit Glockenstuhl (Weitendorfer Straße 12)

Sonstige
 Eiche (auf dem Friedhof) mit einem Brusthöhenumfang von 7,67 m (2016) (Siehe auch Liste der dicksten Eichen in Deutschland#Eichen, Nr. 61)
 Waldmuseum Lütt Holthus
 Paradiesgarten Lüttenhagen

Persönlichkeiten
 Klaus Borrmann (* 1936), von 1972 bis 2001 Leiter des Forstamts Lüttenhagen

Weblinks

 Forstamt Lüttenhagen auf wald-mv.de

Einzelnachweise

Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Mecklenburgische Seenplatte)
Ort im Landkreis Mecklenburgische Seenplatte
Geographie (Feldberger Seenlandschaft)

Lüttenhagen


Barnitz er en by og kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Nordstormarn under Kreis Stormarn. Kreis Stormarn ligger i den sydøstlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Barnitz ligger øst for Bad Oldesloe, og sydvest for Lübeck og rummer landsbyerne Benstaben, Groß Barnitz, Klein Barnitz og Lokfeld. Floden Trave løber gennem kommunen i en malerisk floddal. Motorvejen A1 fra Hamborg til Lübeck strejfer kommunen område mellem Benstaben og Klein Barnitz.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens side  på amtets websted
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2014 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Stormarn

Barnitz


An Anthurium crassinervium in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Heinrich Wilhelm Schott. An Anthurium crassinervium in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anthurium, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 A. c. caatingae
 A. c. crassinervium

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Anthurium

Anthurium crassinervium


An Merostachys magnispicula in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Tatiana Sendulsky. An Merostachys magnispicula in nahilalakip ha genus nga Merostachys, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Merostachys

Merostachys magnispicula


جيمس راندي  (راندال جيمس هاميلتون زوينغ؛ 7 أغسطس عام 1928) ساحر مسرحي كندي أمريكي متقاعد ومشكك علمي، تحدى على نطاقٍ واسع الادعاءات الخارقة والعلمية الزائفة. راندي هو المؤسس المشارك للجنة التحقق من الشك (سي إس آي)، والمعروفة في الأصل باسم لجنة التحقيق العلمي في ادعاءات الظواهر الخارقة (سي إس آي سي أو بّي). وهو صاحب مؤسسة جيمس راندي التربوية (جاي آر إي إف). بدأ حياته المهنية بصفته ساحر تحت الاسم المسرحي راندي المدهش واختار فيما بعد تكريس معظم وقته للتحقيق في الادعاءات الخارقة للطبيعة، والتنجيم، والظواهر الخارقة، والتي يطلق عليها ككل «وو – وو». تقاعد راندي من ممارسة السحر في سن 60، ومن مؤسسة جيمي راندي التعليمية في سن 87.

على الرغم من أنه غالبًا ما يُشار إليه باسم «كاشف الزيف»، إلا أن راندي قال إنه لا يحب دلالات المصطلح ويفضل وصف نفسه بأنه «محقق». كتب عن الظواهر الخارقة، والشك، وتاريخ السحر. كان ضيفًا متكررًا في برنامج تونايت شو (عرض الليلة) يقدمه جوني كارسون، حيث كشف عن المعالج بالإيمان بيتر بوبوف، وكان يظهر أحيانًا في البرنامج التلفزيوني بين آند تيلر: بولشيت!

قبل تقاعد راندي، بادرت مؤسسة جيمس راندي بتحدي المليون دولار للظواهر الخارقة الذي قدم جائزة قدرها مليون دولار أمريكي للمتقدمين المؤهلين الذين يمكنهم إثبات أدلة على أي ظواهر خارقة أو غير طبيعية أو قوى غامضة تحت ظل ظروف اختبار يتفق عليها الطرفان. أُنهي تحدي الظواهر الخارقة رسميًا من قبل مؤسسة جيمس راندي التعليمية في عام 2015. تواصل المؤسسة في تقديم المنح للمجموعات غير الربحية التي تشجع على التفكير النقدي ووجهة النظر العالمية القائمة على الحقائق.

نشأته
وُلد راندي في 7 أغسطس عام 1928 في تورونتو بمقاطعة أونتاريو في كندا، نجل ماري أليس (ني باراديس) وجورج راندال زوينغ. لديه أخ وأخت أصغر. مارس السحر (فن الوهم) بعد رؤيته لهاري بلاكستون الأكبر وقراءته لكتب الاستحضار أثناء بقاءه طريح الفراش لمدة 13 شهرًا بسبب حادث دراجة. أربك الأطباء الذين توقعوا أنه لن يمشي مرةً أخرى. تخطى راندي في أغلب الأوقات الفصول الدراسية، وفي سن 17، ترك المدرسة الثانوية ليؤدي دوره كمشعوذ في عرض كرنفال. لقد عمل باعتباره وسيطًا روحيًا في الملاهي الليلية المحلية ومعرض كندا الوطني في تورونتو وكتب للصحافة الشعبية في مونتريال.

في العشرينات من عمره، تظاهر راندي بأنه منجمًا، ولإثبات أنهم كانوا في الواقع يقومون بخدع بسيطة، كتب لفترة وجيزة عمودًا فلكيًا في الصحيفة الشعبية الكندية ميدنايت تحت اسم «زو-ران» ببساطة عن طريق خلط العناصر من أعمدة علم التنجيم في الصحف ولصقها بشكل عشوائي في عمود. عمل راندي في الثلاثينيات من عمره في المملكة المتحدة وأوروبا والنوادي الليلية الفلبينية وجميع أنحاء اليابان. شهد العديد من الحيل التي قُدمت على أنها خارقة للطبيعة. إحدى أولى تجاربه التي أُبلغ عنها هي رؤية المبشر باستخدام نسخة من أسلوب «القراءة الغيبية» لإقناع مرتادي الكنيسة بسلطاته الإلهية.

بداية مشواره
في الواحد والعشرين من عمره بدأ مشواره العملي وهو يوهم الناس أنه يقرأ الأفكار والغيبيات فأفلح في التنبؤ بنتائج سنوية قبل نشرها في الصحف، يصف ما حدث بعد ذلك:
«أصبح الناس يوقفونني في الشارع ويسألوني أسئلة شخصية عنهم، أسئلة عن العائلة وأسئلة أخرى يظنون أني أعرف الإجابة عنها، وأيضاً عرضوا علي المال لأتنبأ لهم إن كان الشخص الفلاني قد اختار الفتاة المناسبة للزواج أم لا، حينها أدركت أن الناس تؤمن فعلاً بهذا الهراء».

التقاعد
في الستين من عمره تقاعد عن أداء الخدع وألعاب الخفة وتفرغ للتحقيق في ماهية القوى الخارقة للطبيعة، وألف الكثير من الكتب عن الخوارق وتاريخ السحر. اشتهرت مؤسسته التعليمية بعد إعلانها عن تحدي المليون دولار، وهو تحدي يتم بموجبه منح مليون دولار كجائزة لمن يستطيع أن يثبت -وفق اختبار معين- أنه يمتلك قوى خارقة للطبيعة، وهو التحدي الذي لم ينجح فيه أي شخص حتى الآن.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 موقع مؤسسة جيمس راندي التعليمية

أشخاص من بلانتيشن (فلوريدا)
أعلام إل جي بي تي كندية في القرن 20
أمريكيون متجنسون
إنسانويون أمريكيون
ديمقراطيون من ولاية فلوريدا
زملاء لجنة التحقق من الشك
زملاء ماكارثر
سحرة أمريكيون
سحرة كنديون
سحرة مثليون
فنانو هروب
كتاب كنديون في القرن 20
كتاب مثليون
كتاب مثليون من الولايات المتحدة
كتاب مثليون من كندا
كتاب من تورونتو
كتاب وكاتبات أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب وكاتبات كنديون في القرن 20
كنديون مهاجرون إلى الولايات المتحدة
محققو خوارق
مرضى السرطان
مشككون أمريكيون
ملحدون في القرن 20
ملحدون في القرن 21
ملحدون كنديون
مواليد 1928
مواليد في تورونتو
مؤرخو سحر
ناجون من السرطان
ناشطو إلحاد أمريكيون
نقاد الطب البديل
نقاد ما وراء علم النفس
وفيات 2020
كتاب مثليون أمريكيون

جيمس راندي


The Randi Rhodes Show is a talk radio show hosted by Randi Rhodes. The show combines her progressive political commentary with listener participation and live interviews.  It was originally broadcast on Air America Radio, Nova M Radio, and Premiere Networks. The show ended with Premiere on May 16, 2014. The show returned on Monday, June 6, 2016 as a podcast through www.randirhodes.com.

History

The Randi Rhodes Show was a local program on WIOD in Miami in 1992 and moved to WJNO in West Palm Beach, Florida in 1994. On March 31, 2004, the program made its national debut on the Air America Radio network. In 2005, the Anti-Defamation League reprimanded Rhodes for comparing Hurricane Katrina refugees with Holocaust victims. The show ran for four hours until September 2006, when it was reduced to three hours.

Suspension
Despite what Air America stated, Randi Rhodes contended that she was not suspended for comments made about Hillary Clinton.
In an appearance on Larry King Live following her departure from Air America, Rhodes explained that the reason for her suspension was not really about the stand-up performance, but rather a ploy to force Rhodes to renegotiate her contract.  Rhodes alleged that unless she renegotiated her contract to remove a right in her contract that did not allow Air America to fire her, she would never be permitted to return to the air.  Air America suspended her until a settlement could be reached concerning the contract which was still in place and had an additional year to run. In the interim, Air America management decided to conduct market research to assess her value to the company. According to Rhodes, it was Air America who issued the press release that called attention to the video of her performance in San Francisco simply as a way to gauge her audience loyalty and her value to the network.  According to Rhodes, Air America soon asked her to return to the air, with an offer of more money but still holding to the condition that she had to amend her contract.  Rhodes refused and left Air America because of the stalemate over the new contract.

On April 9, 2008, Air America Radio CEO Charlie Kireker issued a press release stating that Rhodes was leaving the network, in the aftermath of a brief suspension following a controversial live appearance in San Francisco.  One of her affiliates, KKGN in San Francisco, California, immediately announced that they would continue airing her show.

Nova M Radio (2008-09)

On April 10, 2008, Nova M Radio announced that The Randi Rhodes Show would join its radio network, which also syndicated The Mike Malloy Show. During the first broadcast on April 14, 2008, Rhodes went into detail concerning the events surrounding her suspension. She described what happened as "a great radio story and I've heard some great radio stories in my day." The Randi Rhodes show returned to the airwaves on April 21, 2008 on 23 affiliate stations, compared to Air America's 60 affiliates. As of May 5, 2008, the show was heard on 28 stations, including XM 167, the Air America channel on XM Radio.

She also reiterated in this same episode that the issue with Air America was primarily about Air America's new owners demanding her contract be amended to remove her walk-away clause, and that another issue was her high salary.

However, Rhodes stopped broadcasting on Nova M on February 3, 2009, with shows hosted by Nancy Skinner until the closing of the network.  A statement from one of the Nova M network owners appeared on their official website, but offered no explanation, claiming terms of Rhodes' contract. The Randi Rhodes Show Web site was temporarily inaccessible on February 16, 2009 but returned online later that day with the following statement:

Nova M ceased operations a few days later.

Premiere Radio Networks (2009-14)

On April 23, 2009, The Randi Rhodes Show became part of the Premiere Radio Networks affiliate network. Premiere announced that Rhodes would be joining the network beginning May 11, 2009, and would air daily in the 3-6 PM Eastern time slot. The show was based out of Washington, D.C. and can be heard on XM Satellite Radio's 'Talk Radio' channel 168.

In March 2010, WJNO replaced Rhodes with The Schnitt Show, and WBZT began carrying the Rhodes show live in her local West Palm Beach area.  WJNO continued to play Randi Rhodes on tape delay in evenings.

The Randi Rhodes Show ended on May 16, 2014.

Dark Horse Broadcasting (June 2016)
As of February 11, 2016, Randi Rhodes started a Kickstarter campaign to return, this time her show appears to not be returning to radio, but live streaming on the internet. Her Kickstarter campaign raised $152,064. According to her Kickstarter page entry on May 5, 2016, the Randi Rhodes Show returned on Monday, June 6, 2016.  Construction of new studios in South Florida delayed her first broadcast.

The Randi Rhodes Show can now be heard and seen live weekdays from 3 to 5pm ET via Periscope, Progressive Voices Network with their app and Randi's - YouTube, Facebook, Tunein pages, as a paid podcast to subscribers, and is also available on Free Speech TV - DishTV (ch. 9415), DirecTV (ch. 348), Roku, AppleTV & Sling.
The following radio stations have the Randi Rhodes Show on tape deal:
Minneapolis, MN: 950 KTFN (10p-Mid.)[19.]
San Bernardino: 102.3/1050 KCAA (2-3p) [20.]
Santa Fe, NM: 103.7/1260 KTRC (6-8p)
[21.]
San Francisco, CA: 910 KKSF (5-7p) [22.]

Music
 Friday Theme: "Bounce Your Boobies" at the beginning of the program.

References

[19.] https://www.am950radio.com/events/the-randi-rhodes-show/

[20.]
https://santafe.com/shows/the-randi-rhodes-show/

[21.] http://www.kcaaradio.com/fullschedule.html

[22.] https://radioinsight.com/headlines/178028/randi-rhodes-takes-afternoons-at-kksf/

External links

"Randi Rhodes, liberal talk show host", Buzzflash.com, January 3, 2003
Washington Post Magazine article on Randi Rhodes: Radio Waves
Washington Post follow up article: The Liberal Rush Limbaugh?
Randi Rhodes Suspended by Air America Radio for "Ad Hominem" Comments Made Regarding Hillary Clinton, Air America Radio, April 3, 2008

American talk radio programs
Progressive talk radio
Radio programs on XM Satellite Radio
1992 establishments in Florida
2014 disestablishments in Florida

The Randi Rhodes Show