Olga Bede () a fost o  scriitoare română de limbă maghiară.

Ea și-a terminat studiile în Târnăveni în 1925 și a lucrat ca funcționară în mai multe orașe din Transilvania. A debutat la sfârșitul anilor '50 cu poezii, povești și piese de teatru pentru copii și tineret difuzate la radio. A lansat la Casa de creații a poporului din Târgu Mureș o serie de spectacole de marionete și de teatru pentru copii. Cea mai cunoscută lucrare a fost piesa de teatru de păpuși Amintiri din pădure, jucată în 1964.

Lucrări
Harkály doktor, 1957
Az Óperencián innen és túl, 1957
Aranymadár, 1958
Varázstükör, 1958
Két kis csibész kalandjai, 1960
Pionírok az űrhajón, 1961
Kék virág, 1961
Mai játék, 1963
Pionír-köszöntő, 1964
Mesél az erdő, 1964
Be szép a nyár, 1968
Bújj, bújj zöld ág, 1968

Note

Bibliografie

Nașteri în 1908
Decese în 1985
Maghiari din România
Scriitori români de limbă maghiară
Scriitoare din secolul al XX-lea
Scriitori de literatură pentru copii
Oameni din Târnăveni
Nașteri pe 24 noiembrie

Olga Bede


MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) is a payload scientific instrument launched into Earth orbit by NASA on board the Terra satellite in 1999. It is designed to monitor changes in pollution patterns and its effect in the lower atmosphere of the Earth. The instrument was funded by the Space Science Division of the Canadian Space Agency.

Instrument

MOPITT is a nadir sounding (vertically downward pointing) instrument that measures upwelling infrared radiation at 4.7 μm and 2.2-2.4 μm. It uses correlation spectroscopy to calculate total column observations and profiles of carbon monoxide in the lower atmosphere. Although observations of methane were also planned, to date no data have been released.

References

External links
Official website for MOPITT science and product development team
MOPITT instrument website at the University of Toronto
NASA WIST data archive system
MOPITT data available through NASA-Langley

Atmospheric sounding satellite sensors

MOPITT


An Bromelia goeldiana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Lyman Bradford Smith. An Bromelia goeldiana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bromelia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bromelia

Bromelia goeldiana


سجن الحراش هو أحد أشهر السجون الجزائرية إلى جانب سركاجي ولمبيز والبرواقية. ويقع على بعد 10 كلم جنوب العاصمة الجزائرية. وتبغ طاقة استيعابه ألفي سجين إلا أنه قد يتجاوز ذلك.

تاريخ
تم تشييد سجن الحراش في سنة 1915 من طرف الاستعمار الفرنسي، كان مركزا جعلته لاعتقال الجزائريين من سجناء الحق العام واعتقلت فيه السلطات الفرنسية زعماء ومناضلي الحركة الوطنية قبل اندلاع ثورة التحرير الجزائرية سنة 1954.

وكان من بين أشهر من دخلوا إلى سجن الحراش، زعيم الحركة الوطنية الجزائرية مصالي الحاج في عام 1937، وشاعر الثورة مفدي زكريا في 1937 والقيادي في الثورة محمد خيضر بين 1938 و1941.

أثناء ثورة التحرير، دخل سجن الحراش قادة الثورة منهم العربي بن مهيدي وعبان رمضان سنة 1957، وكذلك المقاومة جميلة بوحيرد بين 1957 و1962.

بعد استقلال
بعد استقلال الجزائر في 5 يوليو 1962، تحول سجن الحراش إلى مركز اعتقال لمعارضي السلطة، ومن أبرزهم حسين آيت أحمد، الذي اعتقل سنة 1964 وحكم عليه بالإعدام، عقب تمرد قاده بمنطقة القبائل.

وفي 19 يونيو/حزيران 1965، قاد هواري بومدين أمر باقتياد الرئيس بن بلة من مسكنه إلى سجن الحراش. بعدالانقلاب عليه.

وخلال التسعينيات سُجن فيه الرجل الثاني في الجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ علي بلحاج في الحراش.

قضى فيه محمد بن شيكو مدير صحيفة «لوماتان» سنتين (2004 و2006) كتب خلالهما يومياته التي صدرت تحت عنوان «زنزانات الجزائر».

 قررت السلطات الجزائرية غلقه وتعويضه بسجن جديد.
 يقبع في السجن رجل الأعمال السابق عبد المؤمن خليفة الذي يقضي عقوبة 18 عاما سجنا لتورطه في ما يعرف بـ«فضيحة القرن» المتعلقة باختلاس وتبديد مليارات الدولارات من أموال الجزائريين عبر بنوك وشركة طيران وفروع أخرى.ويقضي رجل الأعمال عبد الرحمن عاشور أيضا عقوبة 18 عاما في سجن الحراش بتهمة اختلاس مليارات الدينارات. كمال شيخي المعروف بـ«البوشي» المتهم في قضية تهريب 701 كلغ من الكوكايين التي تفجرت في الصيف 2018.
 سجن كبراء المسؤلين بتهمة الفساد وانتهاك أموال الشعب في الفترة الأخيرة ومن بينهم رؤساء الحكومة الجزائرية السابقون عبد المالك سلال وأحمد أويحيى وبعض رجال الأعمال وأثرياء الجزائر البالغ عددهم 16 شخصية عمارة بن يونس، جمال ولد عباس، سعيد بركات، يوسف يوسفي، إلى جانب ولاة سابقين وكذا اللواء عبد الغني هامل والذين اتهموا بقضايا الفساد.
 في 22 أغسطس 2019 تم إيداع الطيب لوح سجن الحراش بتهمة التحريض على التزوير والتحيز.

مراجع

حرب الجزائر
سجون الجزائر

سجن الحراش


Christian Carl André (1763-1831) foi um importante cientista natural, editor, economista e educador europeu do século XIX. Ele foi um dos pioneiros no estudo da hereditariedade, cuja visão pavimentou o caminho para a pesquisa de Gregor Mendel, o fundador da genética moderna.

Notas biográficas
Christian Carl André nasceu em 20 de março de 1763 na cidade alemã de Hildburghausen. Ele estudou na Universidade de Jena, e trabalhou como professor em Eisenach e na Schnepfenthal Salzmann School em Gotha. Depois, de 1798 a 1820, ele viveu em Brno, então dentro do império dos Habsburgos, onde dirigiu a escola evangélica luterana; publicou o jornal Patriotisches Tagebuch (Caderno Patriótico) ; e editou um jornal semanal Oekonomische Neuigkeiten und Verhandlungen (Economical News and Essays). Durante este período, ele foi uma figura importante na Sociedade Agrícola da Morávia, promovendo a pesquisa científica aplicada, particularmente no campo da criação de ovinos. Ele então se mudou para Stuttgart, onde publicou o Landwirtschaftliche Zeitschrift (Jornal Agrícola) e atuou como conselheiro do governante de Württemberg. Ele morreu em 19 de julho de 1831.

Significado científico
Em seu livro de 1795 sobre zoologia, André mostrou sua compreensão de como as características de ambos os pais contribuem para as de um novo indivíduo, em oposição ao antigo conceito de pré-formação. Em 1815, ele elaborou um programa de pesquisa para a Sociedade Agrícola da Morávia, enfatizando a necessidade de pesquisa básica e aplicada em ciências naturais. Em muitos artigos de periódicos, ele divulgou o progresso que estava sendo feito, dentro desta Sociedade e na Inglaterra, no melhoramento científico de animais e plantas. Ele foi fundamental na criação de uma seção de criação de ovelhas dentro da Sociedade - a primeira associação de criação de animais na Europa continental - que investigou métodos de seleção artificial e a transmissão de características de lã de pais para filhos, ou seja, hereditariedade. André abordou detalhadamente o problema de como e em que circunstâncias a consanguinidade pode levar ao enfraquecimento do organismo. Em 1819, ele demonstrou um micrômetro recentemente projetado para avaliar a qualidade da lã, reconhecido como marcando "o início de uma nova época de criação científica definida com precisão matemática" Seu filho Rudolf (1792-1827) também estudou a teoria e prática de ovelhas -Reprodução.

O ambiente de investigação científica que ele ajudou a fomentar no império dos Habsburgos logo se tornou famoso na Europa, e estimulou mais trabalho na criação de animais e plantas, precursor do trabalho pioneiro de Gregor Mendel.

Biólogos da Áustria
Pessoas do Império Austríaco
Biólogos do século XIX

Christian Carl André


Dragutin Buneta (Gospić,  18. studenoga 1931. - 21. ožujka 2017.), hrvatski liječnik

Životopis
Rođen je  18. studenoga 1931. u Gospiću. Diplomirao na Medicinskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu 1957. godine. Nakon studija zapošljava se u Gospiću  u dječjem dispanzeru potom u Kolakovcu. U Zagrebu je specijalizirao pedijatriju, te se zapošljava u klinici za djecu na Šalati.  Posvetio se je znanstvenom i kliničkom radu. Specijalnost  je  bolet dišnih puteva kod djece, alergologija i imunologija. Objavljuje više znanstvenih i stručnih radova. Na Šalati je bio Predstojnik klinike. Pedijatriju  predaje studentima i bio mentor doktorima. Kao umirovljenik aktivno sudjeluje na Medicinskom fakultetu u Zagrebu.

U znak priznanja, promocije, humanosti, etičnosti  i zahvalnosti  2009./10. Medicinski fakultet u Zagrebu dodijelio mu je nagradu "Medicina", koja se dodjeljuje kao znak priznanja i zahvalnosti u javnom djelovanju.

U Zagrebu je proveo većinu života. Preselio se u  Gospić potkraj života, gdje je  umro i pokopan  21.ožujka  2017. godine.

Izvori

Hrvatski liječnici
Životopisi, Gospić

Dragutin Buneta


A Protix é uma fabricante e fornecedora multinacional de ingredientes de insetos para ração animal e para consumo humano . A empresa opera a maior fábrica de insetos do mundo, localizada em Bergen op Zoom, na Holanda .

História
A empresa foi fundada em 2009 pelo CEO Kees Aarts. A Protix está sediada em Dongen, Holanda.

Em junho de 2017, a empresa levantou € 45 milhões em financiamento, na época o maior investimento do setor. Em outubro de 2017, a Protix adquiriu a Fair Insects, empresa focada na criação de insetos para consumo humano.

Em junho de 2019, a Protix abriu um novo local em Bergen op Zoom, que é a maior fábrica de insetos do mundo.

Referências

Multinacionais dos Países Baixos
Empresas fundadas em 2009

Protix


Eurosta lateralis é uma espécie de tefritídeo do gênero Eurosta da família Tephritidae.

Distribuição
Estados Unidos.

Referências

Insetos descritos em 1830

Eurosta lateralis


Callilithophytum, monotipski rod crvenih algi iz porodice Hapalidiaceae. Jedina vrsta je morska alga C. parcum, uz pacifičku obalu Sjeverne Amerike; epifit je na vrsti Calliarthron tuberculosum.

Sinonimi
 Lithothamnion parcum Setchell & Foslie 1907, bazionim
 Polyporolithon parcum (Setchell & Foslie) L.R.Mason 1953
 Clathromorphum parcum (Setchell & Foslie) W.H.Adey 1970

Izvori

Hapalidiaceae

Callilithophytum


Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen (fæddur; 7 júní 1879, látinn;– 21 desember 1933) var grænlensk-danskur heimskautakönnuður og mannfræðingur. Hann hefur verið kallaður faðir eskimóafræða (Eskimology) og var fyrsti maðurinn af evrópskum ættum til að "norðvesturleiðina" Northwest Passage á hundasleða. Hann er enn vel þekktur í Grænlandi, Danmörku og meðal kanadískra Inúíta.

Knútur Rasmussen fæddist í Ilulissat í Grænlandi, sonur dansks trúboða, séra Christian Rasmussen og Lovise Rasmussen (née Fleischer) sem var hálf dönsk. Þau eignuðust einnig tvö önnur börn. Móðir Lovísu, ekkjan Itaraluk var einnig til heimilis hjá þeim.

Fyrstu ár "Kunuunnguaq" eins og Knud var kallaður þar, var meðal Grænlendinga þar sem hann lærði grænlensku, veiði og að stjórna hundasleða. Hnn náði þó aldrei góðum tökum á kajak.

Þegar faðir hans hafði verið 20 ár í Grænlandi, þurfti hann að flytja til Danmerkur vegna heilsubrests. Var Kunuunnguaq þá búinn að vera 5 ár í skóla í Lynge í Allerød, Danmörku.

Milli 1898 og 1900 reyndi hann árangurslaust fyrir sér sem leikari og óperusöngvari.

Ferill
Knud fór sem fréttamaður fyrir Kristeligt Dagblad til Íslands árið 1900 og kynntist þar Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen.

Knud fór í sínn fyrsta Grænlandsleiðangur 1902–1904, þekktur sem The Danish Literary Expedition, ásamt Jørgen Brønlund, Harald Moltke og Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen, til að rannsaka menningu Inúíta. Við heimkomu fór hann í fyrirlestraferð og ritaði ferðasöguna The People of the Polar North (1908), en hún var einnig fræðileg úttekt á þjóðtrú Inúíta. 1908 giftist hann Dagmar Andersen.

1910 settu Knútur og vinur hans Peter Freuchen á stofn "the Thule Trading Station" við Qaanaaq í norður Grænlandi. Nafnið Thule var valið vegna þess að þetta var nyrsti verslunarstaður í heimi. Thule Trading Station varð síðar heimastöð fyrir sjö rannsóknarleiðangra, þekkta sem Thule Expeditions, milli 1912 og 1933.

Knud veiktist í síðasta leiðangrinum og lést fáum vikum síðar, einungis 54 ára gamall. Þó hafði hann náð að aðstoða við myndina Palos brudefærd, en hann hafði gert handritið. Myndinni var leikstýrt af Friedrich Dalsheim og var lokið 1934

Ritverk
 Nye mennesker (1905). Teikningar eftir Harald Moltke
 Under Nordenvindens Svøbe (1906)
 Lapland (1907). Teikningar eftir Alexander Langlet og Harald Moltke
 Min Rejsedagbog – Skildringer fra den 1. Thule-ekspedition (1915)
 Foran dagens øje – Liv i Grønland (1915)
 Grønland langs Polhavet. Udforskningen af Grønland fra Melvillebugten til Kap Morris Jessup. Skildringer fra den 2. Thule-ekspedition, 1916-18 (1919)
 Myter og Sagn fra Grønland 1-3. 1: Østgrønlændere (1921). 2: Vestgrønland (1924). 3: Kap York-distriktet og Nordgrønland (1925)
 Fra Grønland til Stillehavet. Rejser og mennesker fra 5. Thule-ekspedition, 1921-24 (1925)
 Festens gaver. Eskimoiske Alaska eventyr (1929). Með teikningar eftir Ernst Hansen
 Report of the fifth Thule expedition 1921-24. The danish expedition to Arctic North America in charge of Knud Rasmussen. Vol VII-IX. (1929-32)
 Snehyttens sange (1930)
 Den store slæderejse (1932)

Á ensku
 The People of the Polar North (1908)
 Greenland by the Polar Sea: The Story of the Thule Expedition from Melville Bay to Cape Morris Jesup (1921)
 Eskimo Folk Tales (1921)
 Across Arctic America: Narrative of the Fifth Thule Expedition (1927)
 The Fifth Thule Expedition (1946–52) 10 volumes

Tilvísanir

Viðbótarlesning
 Bown, Stephen R. White Eskimo: Knud Rasmussen's Fearless Journey into the Heart of the Arctic (Da Capo, 2015). xxvi, 341 pp.
 Cruwys, Elizabeth (2003). "Rasmussen, Knud (1879–1933)", in Literature of Travel and Exploration: An Encyclopedia, volume 3.
 Malaurie, Jean (1982). The Last Kings of Thule: With the Polar Eskimos, as They Face Their Destiny, trans. Adrienne Folk.
 Markham, Clements R. (1921). The Lands of Silence: A History of Arctic and Antarctic Exploration. Cambridge University Press.

Tenglar
 Biography of Knud Rasmussen on Inuit.uqam.ca
 Works by Knud Rasmussen at Biodiversity Heritage Library Edit this at Wikidata
 Works by Knud Rasmussen at Open Library Edit this at Wikidata
 Works by Knud Rasmussen at Project Gutenberg
 Aviation Studies in Greenland Report by Knud Rasmussen et. al. at Dartmouth College Library
 Kaj Birket-Smith: "Etnografiske Problemer i Grønland" (Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bind 25; 1919)
 Kaj Birket-Smith: "Knud Rasmussen som Eskimo-Forsker" (Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bind 37; 1934)
 Gabel-Jørgensen: " Knud Rasmussen. Oversigt over Rejserne til Østgrønland samt nogle Mindeord" (Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bind 37; 1934)
 Ole Høiris: "Grønlænderne i dansk antropologi før 2.verdenskrig" (Tidsskriftet Grønland 1983, Nr. 1; s. 30-46)
 Therkel Mathiassen: "Foreløbig Beretning om Femte Thule-Expedition fra Grønland til Stillehavet. VI. Knud Rasmussens arkæologiske Samling fra Vesteskimoerne" (Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bind 31; 1928)
 Therkel Mathiassen: "Knud Rasmussens Slæderejse-Ekspeditioner og Oprettelsen af Thule-Stationen" (Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bind 37; 1934)
 M. Ib Nyeboe: "Femte Thule-Ekspedition fra Grønland til Stillehavet" (Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bind 27; 1924)
 Otto Rosing: "Dr. Knud Rasmussens Betydning for Grønland og Grønlænderne" (Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bind 37; 1934)
 Knud Rasmussens Hus
 Knud Rasmussen Selskabet
 Thule Museet i Qaanaaq
 Rejseskildringer af Knud Rasmussen og indsamlede myter og sagn
 Knud Rasmussens dagbøger online

Danskir landkönnuðir

Knud Rasmussen


An Brachiaria deflexa in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Charles Edward Hubbard och Robyns. An Brachiaria deflexa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Brachiaria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Brachiaria

Brachiaria deflexa


ou Beau a peur au Québec est une comédie dramatique d'horreur américaine écrite, réalisée et co-produite par Ari Aster, sortie en 2023.

Le film met en scène Joaquin Phoenix dans le rôle de Beau Wassermann, un homme doux mais paranoïaque, qui s'embarque dans une odyssée surréaliste pour retrouver sa mère, affrontant ses plus grandes peurs en chemin.

Il s'agit du troisième long métrage du réalisateur, après Hérédité et Midsommar.

Synopsis
Beau Wassermann est le fils d'une femme d'affaires célèbre et riche, Mona. Il grandit sans père, qui, selon sa mère, est mort pendant un orgasme (qui était également le moment où Beau a été conçu), une condition médicale héréditaire qui, selon elle, a été transmise à Beau. Adolescent en croisière avec sa mère, Beau rencontre et tombe amoureux d'une fille nommée Elaine. Les deux s'embrassent et promettent de rester vierges jusqu'à ce qu'ils se retrouvent à l'âge adulte.

À l'âge adulte, Beau est extrêmement anxieux et vit seul dans une ville en proie à la criminalité où règnent uniquement sans-abris et criminels. Son psychiatre lui prescrit un médicament pour son anxiété, mais il l'avertit de ne le prendre qu'avec de l'eau sous risque de mort. Réveillé après une nuit de sommeil interminable, il se prépare pour aller voir sa mère pour l'anniversaire de la mort de son père, mais il se réveille en retard après qu'un voisin l'ait empêché de dormir avec sa musique forte. Après avoir accéléré le pas, il découvre que ses clés et ses bagages ont été volés alors qu'elles attendaient à sa porte. Beau appelle sa mère pour lui expliquer la situation, mais elle le prend mal et ne le croit pas.

Beau prend ses médicaments, mais panique lorsqu'il découvre qu'il y a une panne d'eau dans tout son bâtiment. En se rendant dans une épicerie capable de lui fournir de l'eau de l'autre côté de la rue, il échappe à un groupe de sans-abri enragés, qui pénètrent finalement par effraction dans son appartement sans que Beau, impuissant, ne puisse y accéder. Après avoir dormi sur des échafaudages à l'extérieur du bâtiment, Beau retourne dans son appartement vandalisé le lendemain matin. Il tente d'appeler sa mère, mais un livreur d'UPS répond. Il lui explique qu'il est en face d'un corps d'une femme décapitée par un lustre. En vérifiant, la femme était bien Mona Wassermann, la mère de Beau. En état de choc, il essaie de prendre un bain, pour découvrir un intrus caché dans le plafond au-dessus de sa baignoire. L'intrus tombe et Beau court nu hors de son appartement et dans les rues. Après une brève confrontation avec un policier l'ayant confondu avec un meurtrier nudiste, Beau est renversé par un food truck.

Beau se réveille deux jours plus tard dans la maison d'un couple marié, Grace et Roger. Ils s'occupent d'un vétéran instable nommé Jeeves, qui était le camarade de l'armée de leur fils Nathan avant qu'il ne soit tué au combat. Le couple a une jeune fille adolescente rebelle et angoissée nommée Toni qui méprise instantanément Beau. Beau appelle l'avocat de Mona, , qui le réprimande et informe Beau que malgré la coutume juive de mettre le corps au repos dès que possible, son dernier souhait était de ne pas être enterré jusqu'à ce que Beau soit présent. Roger promet d'emmener Beau au domaine de sa mère dès que possible, mais insiste pour qu'il se repose jusqu'à ce qu'il soit guéri. Tout au long du séjour de Beau dans leur maison, Grace lui laisse entendre subtilement qu'il est surveillé et avertit Beau de ne pas « s'en vouloir à lui-même ». Le jour du départ de Beau, il apprend qu'il est surveillé et filmé dans le salon après avoir allumé la télévision et être tombé sur lui-même, filmé par une caméra dissimulée dans un mur en direct. Décontenancé, il appuie sur la télécommande pour accélérer la scène et découvre que ce qu'affiche la télévision est un moment se déroulant dans le futur. Furieuse, Toni fait éruption dans le salon et emmène Beau dans l'ancienne chambre de son frère défunt et tente de le forcer à peindre les murs de différentes couleurs. Lorsqu'il refuse, elle lui explique "qu'il a raté le test" et qu'ils doivent être punis. Ne sachant absolument pas de quoi Toni parle, Beau prend peur. Toni essaye de le réprimander impitoyablement en l'obligeant à boire un pot de peinture avant de le faire elle-même, se suicidant délibérément. Ayant entendu les cris de Toni et Beau, Grace entre dans la pièce et tombe sur Beau, debout au-dessus du corps inconscient de Toni et le blâme violemment pour sa mort, lui reprochant de vouloir remplacer son fils. Alors que Beau s'enfuit dans les bois, Grace ordonne à Jeeves de le déchirer en pièces.

Perdu dans les bois, Beau tombe sur un groupe d'acteurs de théâtre itinérants nommé « Les orphelins de la forêt ». Il est invité à leur répétition et devient fasciné par la pièce, s'imaginant comme le protagoniste, qui passe toute sa vie à chercher sa famille après qu'ils sont séparés par une inondation. Un homme s'approche de Beau et l'informe qu'il a connu son père et qu'il est vivant, avant de disparaître dans les buissons. Soudain, la troupe est prise en embuscade par Jeeves, où il massacre plusieurs acteurs, et Beau s'enfuit plus profondément dans les bois.

Beau fait de l'auto-stop pour le reste de son chemin jusqu'au domaine, et découvre qu'il venait de manquer les funérailles de sa mère. Décontenancé et vidé de son énergie, il fait la sieste sur le canapé et se réveille en entendant la voix d'une femme entrant dans la maison, en retard pour les funérailles. Après 20 ans sans l'avoir vue, Beau se rend compte que c'est Elaine. Contents des retrouvailles, ils se dirigent vers la chambre de Mona et font l'amour. Beau est terrifié à l'idée de mourir à la seconde où il éjacule, mais il est terriblement soulagé lorsqu'il survit. Cependant, en regardant le visage d'Elaine, il se rend compte que celle-ci est décédée au milieu de l'apogée et que son corps est gelé. Revivant une fois de plus un cauchemar, Beau s'effondre au sol en sanglots. Mona apparaît alors de l'ombre et révèle qu'elle était non seulement encore en vie, mais qu'elle surveillait Beau depuis le début. Elle humilie Beau et révèle que son psychiatre travaille pour elle, partageant leurs séances avec elle depuis de longues années. Il demande à connaître la vérité sur son père, furieuse, elle l'emmène au grenier. Depuis son plus jeune âge, Beau faisant un cauchemar où sa mère enfermait un autre petit garçon dans le grenier. Après être enfermé lui-même dans le fameux grenier, Beau apprend que ce n'était pas un cauchemar mais un souvenir. Il découvre avec frayeur qu'il a non seulement un frère jumeau caché et enfermé depuis des années, mais que son père est en fait un monstre géant en forme de pénis. À ce moment, Jeeves fait irruption dans la maison et, en voyant le monstre, il s'attaque à lui pour être tué en retour par le monstre. Après être sorti du grenier et s'être fait humilier par sa mère le trouvant égoïste, Beau, enragé l'étrangle. Le corps de Mona s'effondre sur la table en verre du salon et la casse.

Sous le choc, Beau quitte le domaine gardant la bouche ouverte et trouve un bateau à moteur sur une plage, il le prend et s'enfuit dans la mer. Après être entré dans une grotte mystérieuse, le moteur du bateau s'arrête et il se retrouve maintenant dans une arène bondée où il est jugé par Mona, toujours en vie, et le  sur un podium, agissant en tant que procureurs. Sur un gigantesque écran de projection, ils montrent des vidéos de Beau agissant de façon égoïste et comme un mauvais fils, tandis qu'un avocat de la défense bon marché défend Beau, mais est bientôt assassiné par l'un des hommes de main de Mona l'ayant jeté sur un rocher et le tuant sur le coup. Beau essaie de se débrouiller seul et de raisonner les procureurs, mais il découvre que ses pieds sont maintenant collés au bateau. Il tente de faire appel à sa mère, mais lorsqu'il voit qu'elle ne répond pas, il accepte finalement son sort. Le moteur du bateau explose, retournant le bateau et noyant Beau. Le générique de fin roule silencieusement alors que la foule quitte l'arène avec le  et Mona, qui sanglote de manière incontrôlable.

Fiche technique

 Titre original et francophone :
 Ancien titre :
 Titre québécois : Beau a peur
 Réalisation et scénario : Ari Aster
 Musique : Bobby Krlic
 Décors :
 Animation :
 Costumes : Alice Babidge
 Photographie : Pawel Pogorzelski
 Montage : Lucian Johnston
 Production : Ari Aster et Lars Knudsen
 Production déléguée : Elisa Alvares, Timo Argillander, Len Blavatnik, Danny Cohen et Ann Ruark
 Sociétés de production : A24 et
 Sociétés de distribution : A24 (États-Unis), ARP Sélection & Original Factory (France)
 Budget :  de dollars (estimation)
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : anglais
 Format : couleur - 1.85:1 - Dolby Digital - IMAX 6-Track
 Genre : Comédie dramatique d'horreur
 Durée :
 Dates de sortie :
 États-Unis :  (séance surprise au ) ;  (projections en IMAX à New York et Los Angeles),  (sortie nationale)
 France :
 Belgique :

Distribution
 Joaquin Phoenix  : Beau Wassermann
 Armen Nahapetian : Beau  Wassermann, adolescent
 Patti LuPone  : Mona Wassermann, la mère de Beau
 Zoe Lister-Jones  : Mona Wassermann, jeune
 Amy Ryan : Grace
 Nathan Lane : Roger
 Kylie Rogers  : Toni
 Denis Ménochet : Jeeves
 Parker Posey : Elaine Bray
 Julia Antonelli : Elaine, adolescente
 Stephen Henderson :
 Richard Kind :
 Hayley Squires  : Penelope
 Michael Gandolfini  : un des fils de Beau
 Julian Richings : l'homme étrange
 Bill Hader : le livreur UPS

Version française
 Studio de doublage : AGM Factory
 Direction artistique : Thomas Charlet

Production

Genèse, développement et distribution des rôles
En , le réalisateur Ari Aster déclare vouloir écrire et réaliser une  de  avec Joaquin Phoenix dans le rôle principal.

Le , on annonce que la société A24 produira le film, désormais intitulé . Le , les acteurs Nathan Lane, Patti LuPone, Kylie Rogers et Amy Ryan sont annoncés. En , A24 révèle que Parker Posey, Stephen Henderson, Denis Ménochet, Michael Gandolfini, Zoe Lister-Jones et Hayley Squires seront également à l'affiche.

L'acteur Stephen Henderson a décrit Aster et Phoenix comme .

Après plusieurs hésitations de la part du réalisateur, A24 annonce que le film, initialement nommé , change de nom pour , faisant référence au court métrage éponyme.

Tournage
Le tournage commence le  à Montréal, au Québec, et s'achève en  de la même année. Le film est tourné en partie à Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, près de Montréal au Québec, avec le directeur de la photographie Pawel Pogorzelski et la décoratrice .

Accueil

Sortie
Beau Is Afraid est initialement prévu pour 2022, mais sa sortie est repoussée à cause de retards de production. Il est présenté en avant-première le  comme poisson d'avril  lors d'une séance de questions-réponses animée par Emma Stone au  à Brooklyn. Le film sort aux États-Unis le  dans certaines salles IMAX de Los Angeles et de New York avant de bénéficier d'une sortie générale le . Le film y est distribué par A24. D'autres séances de questions-réponses sont animées par Martin Scorsese, Rachel Sennott et Nathan Fielder. En France et en Suisse, il sort le . Il est distribué par ARP Sélection et Originals Factory en France et Elite Film en Suisse. Beau Is Afraid sort le  en Belgique.

Accueil critique
En France, le site Allociné propose une moyenne de , fondée sur  de presse.

Box office
Lors de son week-end d'ouverture, le film a rapporté  de dollars, terminant  au box-office. Diffusé dans 965 salles lors de son deuxième week-end, le film a rapporté  de dollars, terminant .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 2023
Film canadien sorti en 2023
Comédie dramatique américaine
Comédie dramatique canadienne
Comédie horrifique américaine
Comédie horrifique canadienne
Film tourné à Montréal
Film IMAX
Film d'A24

Beau Is Afraid


Victor Miguel de Freitas Gomes (Joanesburgo - 15 de dezembro de 1982) é um árbitro de futebol sul-africano.
Árbitro da PSL desde 2008, foi eleito Árbitro da Temporada da PSL em 2012–13 e 2017–18 e é árbitro internacional desde 2011.
Em 2018, ele foi aclamado pela Associação Sul-Africana de Futebol depois de rejeitar e denunciar uma tentativa de suborno de mais de R300.000. Gomes foi abordado e oferecido a quantia em dinheiro para consertar uma partida da Copa das Confederações da CAF entre o lado nigeriano do Plateau United e o lado argelino USM Alger . Ele foi novamente nomeado para o prêmio PSL Árbitro da Temporada após a conclusão da campanha doméstica.
Ele oficializou a edição de 2019 e 2021 da Copa das Nações Africanas . Arbitrou a final da Copa das Nações Africanas de 2021 entre Senegal e Egito .

Vida Pessoal
Pertence à minoria luso-africana na África do Sul, o seu pai é madeirense. Além de seu trabalho como árbitro é empresário, entre outras coisas, possui uma fábrica de produção de plásticos e uma estação de tratamento de água é casado e tem dois filhos.

Sul-africanos de ascendência portuguesa
Árbitros da Copa do Mundo FIFA
Árbitros de futebol da África do Sul
Árbitros da Copa do Mundo FIFA de 2022

Victor Gomes


Roger Palmer may refer to:

 Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine (1634–1705), English courtier, diplomat and MP, 1660
 Roger Palmer (MP), English MP at various times between 1624 and 1644
 Roger Palmer (footballer) (born 1959)
 Sir Roger Palmer, 5th Baronet, Member of the UK Parliament for Mayo, 1857–1865
Roger de Palmer, MP for City of London 1316 and 1318

Roger Palmer


Atlantis Ascendant peti je studijski album britanskog simfonijskog black metal-sastava Bal-Sagoth. Album je 17. travnja 2001. godine objavila diskografska kuća Nuclear Blast. Ovo je prvi Bal-Sagothov nosač zvuka koji je bio snimljen (iako samo djelomično) pomoću digitalne snimateljske tehnologije.

O albumu
Glavna priča i koncept tekstova pjesama na albumu koje je napisao pjevač Byron Roberts prate podvige profesora Caleba Blackthornea III., izmišljenog britanskog arheologa i pustolova iz 19. stoljeća, koji je posvetio svoj život pretpotopnoj antropologiji i potrazi za dokazima o istinskom podrijetlu čovjeka. Kao što je slučaj sa svim lovecraftskim protagonistima, njegova istraživanja ga izlude i ubiju.

Atlantis Ascendant bio je ponovno objavljen u studenom 2011. u ograničenoj digipak inačici, koju je objavila podružnica Nuclear Blasta, Metal Mind Productions. Na reizdanju se pojavila proširena knjižica s tekstovima, dodatne ilustracije i remasterirane skladbe.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

Bal-Sagoth
Byron Roberts – vokali, koncept naslovnice, dizajn
Jonny Maudling – klavijature
Chris Maudling – gitara
Dave Mackintosh – bubnjevi
Mark Greenwell – bas-gitara

Ostalo osoblje
Mags – inženjer zvuka, miksanje, produkcija
Simon Lee – fotografija
Martin Hanford – naslovnica, ilustracije

Izvori

Bilješke

Albumi iz 2001.
Albumi sastava Bal-Sagoth

Atlantis Ascendant


Salname  (سالنامه :salname), Osmanlı Devleti'nde  resmî ve özel kurumlar tarafından  bir sene boyunca gerçekleşen olayları topluca göstermek üzere hazırlanan yapıtlardır.

Osmanlı dönemi tarihi ve edebiyatı üzerine araştırma yapmak isteyen araştırmacılar için önemli sosyal bilimler kaynaklarındandır. Batı dünyasında bu türün karşılığı yoktur ancak salnamelere paralel olarak almanaklar mevcuttur. Osmanlı devletinin son devlet salnamesi 1918 tarihini taşır. Salname geleneği, cumhuriyet döneminde 1925-1941 arasında önce "Devlet Salnamesi", daha sonra "Devlet Yıllığı" adı ile çıkarılan yayımlarla sürdürülmüştür.

Devlet, nezaret ve vilayet salnameleri şeklinde üçe ayrılan resmî nitelikli salnamelerin dışında özel nitelikli salnameler  yayımlanmıştır. Örneğin bir gazetenin veya derginin salnameleri o derginin veya gazetenin biraz genişçe bir fihristi niteliğinde olabiliyordu.

Osmanlı döneminde, Arapça, Türkçe-Boşnakça, Türkçe-Fransızca, Türkçe-Rumca, Rumca, Ermenice, Ermeni harfli Türkçe, Karamanlıca ve Arapça olarak yayınlanmıştır.  Salnameler, imparatorluk topraklarında pek çok halkın yüzyıllarca birlikte yaşamaları, aynı kaderi paylaşmaları, Osmanlı yönetiminin başarı ve zaafları ile bunlardan ders çıkarılmasına yönelik özel ve önemli bilgiler içermektedir.

Salnameler 1846 - 1847 yılından 1879 - 1880 yılına kadar litografya (taş baskı) yöntemiyle basılmış, 1880 -1881 yılı salnamesinden itibaren tipografi (düz yazı) yöntemi uygulanmıştır.

Sözcüğün kökeni
Sâlname sözcüğü, Türkçeye Tanzimat'tan sonra girmiştir. Farsça "sene" anlamına gelen "sâl" ile yine Farsça "mektup, kitap" anlamına gelen "nâme" sözcüklerinin birleşmesiyle oluşur. Günümüzdeki Türkçe  karşılığı "yıllık"tır..

Batı dillerinde, sâlnâme ya da yıllık karşılığında Annus, Annale, Almanach ve Year Book sözcükleri kullanılır.

Salname sözcüğü "Almanak" ve "Takvim" ile karıştırılmaktadır. Herhangi bir şeyin doğru yerini gösterme anlamı taşıyan takvim, günlerin, ayların, mevsimlerin, yılların ve bayramların cetvelidir. Almanak ise anlamca salnameye çok yakın olmakla beraber halka hitap etme zorunluluğu dolayısıyla ev yönetimi ve oyunları, sağlık öğütleri, fıkralar ve mizahi resimler gibi çok farklı konulara yer veren yıllıklardır.

İlk salnameler
İlk Osmanlı devlet salnamesi Sultan Abdülmecid döneminde Sadrazam Mustafa Reşid Paşa'nın girişimiyle Ahmed Vefik Paşa tarafından hazırlanmış ve Sâlnâme-i Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye adıyla 1847'de yayınlanmıştır.. Batı'da büyük ilgi uyandıran salname, Fransız şarkçısı Bianchi tarafından aynı yıl içerisinde Fransızcaya tercüme edilerek Fransız Şarkiyat Dergisi Journal Asiatique'te bölümler halinde yayımlanmıştır.

Bir başka kaynağa göre ilk salname,  "19. yüzyıl ortalarında bir kayda göre Ahmet Vefik Paşa'nın,bir başka kayda göre Sadrazam Reşid Paşa'nın teşviki ile Abdülhak Molla tarafından" düzenlenmiştir.

1847 yılında yayınlanan bu ilk salnameden farklı olarak, 1848 ve 1849 yıllarına ait salnamelerde imparatorluğun bütün kazalarıyla gösterildiği eyaletlerin yönetsel bölüşümlerinin tabloları, gayr-ı müslimlerin her vilayet ve kazadaki dinsel temsilcilerini gösteren cetveller ve namaz zamanlarını gösteren takvimler eklenmiştir.

Salname türleri

Devlet salnameleri
1847 yılında 175 sayfa olarak  yayınlanan ilk devlet salnamesinden sonra düzenli olarak çıkarılan Devlet Salnameleri her yıl gelişmiş ve hacimce büyümüştür. Özellikle 1878'den sonra daha mükemmel hale gelmişler, konu ve içerik bakımından genişletilmişlerdir. Başlangıçta yüz küçük sayfa olarak hazırlanan salnamelerin sayfa sayıları gittikçe sekiz yüz dokuz yüz sayfayı bulmaya başlamıştır. Devlet Salnameleri, 1899'a kadar Maarif Nezareti (Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı) tarafından çıkarılmış; Memurin-i Mülkiye heyetine bağlı "Sicill-i Ahvâl-i Memûrîn" dairesi tarafından düzenlenmiştir.

1847-1880 arasındaki 35 nüsha taş baskı, diğerleri matbaa harfleriyle basılmıştır. 1913-1916 yılları arasında salname hazırlanmamıştır. 1917-1918 yıllarını kapsayan Osmanlı Devletinin son salnamesi 1918'de yayınlanmıştır. Devlet Salnameleri Osmanlı döneminde 68, Cumhuriyet döneminde de 3 adet olmak üzere toplam 71 adettir. 1929 yılında bu yayınlar Devlet Yıllığı adıyla çıkarılmaya devam etmiştir.

Vilayet salnameleri
Devlet salnamelerinin faydası görüldükten sonra, vilayet ve nezaret salnameleri çıkarılmaya başlanmıştır. İlk vilayet salnamesi 1866 yılında basılan Bosna Vilayet Salnamesi, sonuncu ise 1922 yılında basılan Bolu Livası Salnamesi'''dir. 1866 - 1922 yılları arasında 527 Vilayet Salnamesi yayınlanmıştır.Emiroğlu, Kudret, Trabzon Vilayeti Salnamesi 1869 Ankara: Trabzon İli ve İlçeleri Eğitim, Kültür ve Sosyal Yardımlaşma Vakfı 1993 Bu salnamelerde vilayetin coğrafi konumu, ziraat, hayvancılık, üretim, nüfus, hizmet birimlerinin durumu, siyasal olaylar, okullar, hastaneler, camiler, tekkeler, hamamlar, yollar, ormanlar gibi birçok konu ile ilgili bilgiler bir araya getirilmiştir. Her yıllıkta vilayetin yönetimsel dağılımı, memurların listesi, ziraat ve sanayi ürünlerinin çeşitleri ve miktarları istatistiklerle gösterilmiş, eğitim kurumları ile öğrenci sayıları ayrıntılı biçimde toplumun hizmetine sunularak günümüze kadar değerli kaynaklar olarak kalmıştır.

Bazı vilayetler 1 salname çıkarırken, Halep 35, Hudavendigar 34, Suriye 32, Konya 30 ve Edirne 28 salname yayınlamıştır.
 Resmî kurum ve kuruluş salnameleri
Resmî olarak bakanlıklar (nezaretler) tarafından çıkarılan ilk salname 1865 yılında Salname-i Askeri başlığını taşır; ordu teşkilatı, kadrolar, zabitlerin adları, nişanları gibi bilgiler içeren Salname-i Askeri 17 adettir. Bahriye Salnamesi, Hariciye Salnamesi, İlmiye Salnamesi, Maarif Salnamesi resmi kurum ve kuruluş salnamelerinin örneklerindendir. Son resmî salname 1929 yılında yayınlanan Türkiye Salnamesi'dir; bu tarihten sonra bu yayınlar "devlet yıllığı" adını almıştır. Resmî kurum ve kuruluşlara ait salnamelerin sayısı 77'dir.
 Özel konulu ya da kişi ve kuruluş salnameleri
Özel salnameler daha çok "almanak" özelliği gösterir. Genellikle bol resimli olup içindeki konular çok çeşitlidir.

İlk özel salname, Ali Suavi tarafından Paris'te çıkarılan "Türkiye Fi Sene 1288 adlı salnamedir. İkincisi 1872, üçüncüsü 1873 tarihini taşır. Bu tarihten sonra çıkıp çıkmadığı bilinmez. Ali Suavi bunlarda Osmanlı Devleti'nin coğrafi durumu, nüfusu, zirai ve sınai üretimi, kara ve deniz yolları, ticaret gemileri ve limanları, para ve ölçü birimleri ve şirketler hakkında bilgi vermiştir.

Türkiye'de çıkarılan ilk özel salname ise  Salname-i Hadika adıyla 1873 yılında Ebüzziya Tevfik Bey tarafından basılmıştır. Bu yayın çok başarılı olmuş ve halkın geniş ilgisini çekmiştir.

En son yayınlanan özel salname, 1928 tarihli Mu'allim Almanağı'dır. 1873 - 1928 yılları arasında 26 adet özel salname basılmıştır. Sedat Simavi'nin Diken ve İnci Salnamesi, Ahmet İhsan Tokgöz'ün Salname-i Servet-i Fünün, Zekeriya Sertel'in Resimli Yıl önemli özel salnamelerdendir.

 Resmî ya da özel kurum ve kuruluş nevsalleri
Yeni yıl, yılbaşı karşılığında kullanılmış olan "nevsâl" sözcüğü de "sâlnâme" gibi Farsça'dır. Salnameler dışındaki yıllıklar içinde ayrı bir yeri olan nevsaller çok çeşitli konularda hazırlanmıştır. İlki 1880 tarihli Rebi-i Ma'rifet, sonuncusu ise 1925 tarihli Milli Nevsal'' olmak üzere toplam 55 adet nevsal yayınlanmıştır.

Takvimler
Salnamelerden farklı olarak bir yılın aylarını, günlerini sayılarını gösteren cetvel ya da defter niteliğinde yayınlardır.

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
Almanak

Osmanlı tarihi kaynak eserleri
Osmanlı edebiyatı

Salname


Petra Kleinbrahm (* 5. Juni 1959) ist eine ehemalige deutsche Mittelstreckenläuferin, die sich auf die 800-Meter-Distanz spezialisiert hatte.

Bei den Leichtathletik-Halleneuropameisterschaften 1984 in Göteborg wurde sie Fünfte.

1980, 1981 und 1984 wurde sie Deutsche Vizemeisterin. In der Halle wurde sie fünfmal Deutsche Meisterin (1978, 1980–1982, 1984) und zweimal Vizemeisterin (1983, 1985).

Petra Kleinbrahm startete für die LG Bayer Leverkusen.

Persönliche Bestzeiten

 400 m: 54,04 s, 2. September 1979, Saarbrücken
 800 m: 2:01,51 min, 24. August 1980, Düsseldorf
 Halle: 2:01,67 min, 11. Februar 1984, Stuttgart
 1000 m: 2:41,03 min, 7. August 1981, Rhede
 1500 m: 4:24,46 min, 4. September 1984, Ingelheim am Rhein

400-Meter-Läufer (Deutschland)
800-Meter-Läufer (Deutschland)
1500-Meter-Läufer (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1959
Frau

Petra Kleinbrahm


Iluska Pereira da Cunha Simonsen (nascida Maria Cristina Pereira da Cunha, em 22 de fevereiro de 1941 - falecida em 28 de março de 2017) foi uma antropóloga brasileira que também teve carreira internacional como enxadrista e que detinha o título ICCF de "Grande Mestre de Xadrez por Correspondência Internacional" (2000) e teve pinturas em porcelana premiadas.

Carreira como antropóloga
De profissão, Iluska Pereira da Cunha Simonsen era antropóloga.

Quando Acary de Passos Oliveira exerceu o papel de diretor do Museu Antropológico (MA) da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), convidou-a para trabalhar com ele, ao queseu marido, o então ministro da Fazenda, Mário Henrique Simonsen, só aceitaria que fosse contratada se o seu trabalho não fosse remunerado. Como isto não era possível, acertou-se que Iluska Simonsen doaria seu salário ao Museu Antropológico, para custeio de viagens e aquisição de bens e serviços.Ela já participava intensamente dos trabalhos de campo realizados na UFG e foi contratada em março de 1975. Em sua carreira de pesquisadora e professora da UFG, participou de vários trabalhos de campo, cursos e publicações de produção científica. Participou com Acary de pesquisa etnológica entre indígenas da tribo "Txikão", habitantes do Parque Indígena do Xingu, localizado no estado do Mato Grosso; que também envolveu o estudo da Lagoa de Miararrê, sagrada para os "Txikão".

Obs.: Os chamados "Txikão" se auto-denominam Ikpeng. Txikão foi a designação pré-contato, que ocorreu antes de sua transferência, em 1967, para o Parque do Xingu.

Carreira como enxadrista
Além de sua carreira em ensino e pesquisa, em meados da década de 1970, Iluska Pereira da Cunha Simonsen foi uma das principais enxadristas brasileiras. Participou de diversos Campeonatos Brasileiros de Xadrez Feminino. Em 1978, em Brasília, Iluska Pereira da Cunha Simonsen participou do Torneio Zonal Sul-Americano do Campeonato Mundial Feminino de Xadrez e dividiu o 5º-6º lugar com Julia Arias. Iluska Pereira da Cunha Simonsen jogou pelo Brasil na 8ª Olimpíada de Xadrez (feminino) de 1978, em Buenos Aires, jogando pelo tabuleiro número 2, ela terminou em quinto lugar individual com um resultado de 4 vitórias, 5 empates e nenhuma derrota.

Também em 1978 sagrou-se a primeira campeã brasiliense de xadrez.

Em anos posteriores, Iluska participou ativamente de torneios de xadrez por correspondência. Participou da 5ª Final do Campeonato Mundial Feminino (1993-1998) e ficou em 5º lugar. Em 1993, ela foi agraciada com o título ICCF International Correspondence Chess Master (IM). Em 2000, ela recebeu o título Lady International Correspondence Chess Grand Master.

Na lista de 1993 da ICCF Iluska ocupava a terceira colocação no ranking brasileiro.

Algumas das publicações acadêmicas
Publicou vários livros:

 "Alguns sítios arqueológicos de Goiás" (Goiânia: UFG/Museu Antropológico, 1975);
 "Algunos sitios arqueológicos da série bambuí em goiás" (Goiânia: UFG/Museu Antropológico, 1975);
 "Indústria lítica obtida por coleta de superficie: Estado de Goiás" (Goiânia: [s.l.], 1976);
 "Cerâmica da Lagoa Miararré. Notas prévias" (Goiânia: UFG/Museu Antropológico, 1976); - com Acary de Passos Oliveira
 "Modelos etnográficos aplicados à cerâmica Miararré" (Goiânia: UFG, 1980); - Acary de Passos Oliveira

Família
Ela foi casada com o economista brasileiro Mário Henrique Simonsen. Eles tiveram dois filhos e uma filha: Sérgio, Maria Cristina e Ricardo.

Referências

Xadrez do Brasil
Antropologia cultural do Brasil
Professores da Universidade Federal de Goiás

Iluska Pereira da Cunha Simonsen


Sinofrančetija (lat. Sinofranchetia), monotipski rod dvosupnica čiji je jedini predstavnik uresna listopadna grmasta penjačica iz porodice lardizabalevki (Lardizabalaceae). Kineski je endem koji raste po provincijama Gansu, sjeverni Guangdong, Hubei, zapadni Hunan, južni Shaanxi, Sichuan i sjeveroistočni Yunnan.

Kineska sinofrančetija je brzorastući, drvenasti, listopadni grm ili loza koji se u divljini obično širi preko grmlja i penje po stablima. Ime roda dolazi po sino-, što znači kineski i franchetia, u čast francuskog botaničara Adrien Rene Franchetija (1834. – 1900.)

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Lardizabalevke

Sinofrančetija


Bilgisayar güvenliği, elektronik ortamlarda verilerin veya bilgilerin saklanması ve taşınması esnasında bilgilerin bütünlüğü bozulmadan, izinsiz erişimlerden korunması için, güvenli bir bilgi işleme platformu oluşturma çabalarının tümüdür. Bunun sağlanması için duruma uygun güvenlik politikasının belirlenmesi ve uygulanması gereklidir.

Bu politikalar;

 Etkinliklerin sorgulanması
 Erişimlerin izlenmesi
 Değişikliklerin kayıtlarının tutulup değerlendirilmesi
 Silme işlemlerinin sınırlandırılması

gibi bazı kullanım şekillerine indirgenebilmektedir.

Bilgisayar teknolojilerinde yer alan bilgisayar güvenliğinin amacı ise: "Kişi ve kurumların bu teknolojilerini kullanırken karşılaşabilecekleri tehdit ve tehlikelerin incelemelerinin yapılarak gerekli önlemlerin önceden alınmasıdır". Bilgi ve bilgisayar güvenliği daha genel anlamda, güvenlik konularını detaylı olarak ele alan "güvenlik mühendisliği"nin bir alt alanı olarak görülmektedir.

Bilgisayar güvenliği geniş anlamda bir koruyucu mekanizma olarak düşünüldüğünde, kişisel veya kurumsal bilgisayarlar için genel olarak aşağıdaki maddelerin hepsinini veya bazılarının uygulanması gerekmektedir:

 Virüs koruma yazılımlarının kurulu olması
 Bu yazılımların ve işletim sistemi hizmet paketlerinin ve hata düzeltme ve güncellemelerinin düzenli aralıklarla yapılması
 Bilgisayarda şifre korumalı ekran koruyucu kullanılması
 Kurmuş olduğunuz yazılımların paylaşıma açık olup olmadığının kontrol edilmesi
 Bilgisayar başından uzun süreliğine ayrı kalındığında sistemden çıkılması
 Kullanılan parolaların tahmininin zor olacak şekilde belirlenmesi
 Bu parolaların gizli tutulması ve belirli aralıklarla değiştirilmesi
 Disk paylaşımlarında dikkatli olunması
 İnternet üzerinden indirilen veya e-posta ile gelen dosyalara dikkat edilmesi
 Önemli belgelerin parola ile korunması veya şifreli olarak saklanması
 Gizli veya önemli bilgilerin e-posta, güvenlik sertifikasız siteler gibi güvenli olmayan yollarla gönderilmemesi
 Kullanılmadığı zaman İnternet erişiminin kapatılması
 Önemli bilgi ve belgelerin düzenli aralıklarla yedeklerinin alınması
 Eğer Windows kullanıyorsanız güncellemeleri yapmanız

gibi önlemler, basit gibi gözükebilecek ama hayat kurtaracak önlemlerden bazılarıdır.

Bilgisayar Güvenlik Mimarisi
Güvenlik mimarisi güvenlik kontrollerinin nasıl konumlandırıldığı ve bunların genel bilgi teknolojisi mimarisiyle nasıl ilişkilendirildiğini açıklayan bir insan tasarım ürünü olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu güvenlik kontrolleri aralarında gizlilik, bütünlük, kullanılabilirlik, hesap verilebilirlik ve güvencenin yer aldığı sistem kalite niteliklerini koruma amacına hizmet edebilirlik kazanmıştır.

Ayrıca bakınız
Bilgi güvenliği

Kaynakça

Hacker terimleri

Bilgisayar güvenliği


Musique

Albums

 If You Could Read My Mind, le second nom de l'album Sit Down Young Stranger de Gordon Lightfood sorti en 1970, réédité la même année sous ce nom à la suite du succès du single éponyme.

 If You Could Read My Mind, un album de Viola Wills sorti en 1980, contenant notamment une reprise du titre de Gordon Lightfood.
 If You Could Read My Mind, un album (et un DVD) de Cameron Carpenter, en 2014.

Singles

 If You Could Read My Mind, une chanson de Gordon Lightfood en 1970,
 If You Could Read My Mind, une chanson de Brenda K. Starr en 1991.

Cinéma

 , un documentaire consacré au chanteur canadien sorti en 2019.

If You Could Read My Mind (homonymie)


غالاتاس (Γαλατάς) هي مدينة في أيتوليا كي أكارنانيا في مقاطعة كينتريكي إلادا في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 1002 نسمة.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في إيتوليا-أكارنانيا
مدن اليونان

غالاتاس


Erol Şafak Sezer (d. 10 Ekim 1970, Ankara), Türk oyuncu, senarist ve yönetmen.

Kariyeri
1989 yılında Ankara Halk Tiyatrosunda Haldun Taner'in "Eşeğin Gölgesinde" adlı oyunla Ankara'da Oktay Kara ve Taylan Velioğlu ile ilk olarak sahneye çıktı. Ankara Halk Tiyatrosunda "Devri Yalan", "Başımızda Pakbulut, Sen Bu Seçimi Unut", "Saddam'ı Kim Öptü", "Şirinler", "Edi Büdü" ve "Uzaylı Arif" adlı oyunlarla, Ankara Ekin Tiyatrosunda ise "Biz Bu İhtilali Niye Yaptık", "Yaşar Ne Yaşar Ne Yaşamaz" adlı oyunlarla seyirci karşısına çıktı. Dario Fo'nun "Yüzsüz" adlı oyunundan sonra Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi'nin çektiği "Bir Düğün Masalı" adlı filmde rol alan sanatçının yer aldığı televizyon dizileri: "Televizyon Çocuğu" (Okan Bayülgen'in programı), "Sıdıka", "Baskül Ailesi", "Dostlar Pasajı", "Şafak Vakti" ve "Reyting Hamdi"... "Üçlü Oyun" filminden sonra sanatçı "Vizontele" için kamera karşısına geçti. Daha sonra da Turkfilmi adlı yapım şirketinin ilk filmi olan Rus Gelin'de Zeki Alasya, Metin Akpınar ve Kaan Boztepe'yle birlikte rol aldı.

Şafak Sezer'in bugünkü ününe kavuşmasında, şovmen Boran Kaya'nın sunduğu "İner misin Çıkar mısın?" adlı yarışma programının rolü vardır. O dönemin en beğenilen yarışma programlarından biri olan "İner misin Çıkar mısın?"da Şafak Sezer birinci olmuştur.

Diğer

Hapis cezası
Şafak Sezer 2012 yılında Alemin Kıralı dizisinin setinde "gürültü yaptığı" gerekçesiyle bir kamera asistanına fiziksel saldırıda bulunmaktan suçlu bulundu ve Aralık 2013'te 13 ay hapis cezası aldı. Mahkeme, hükmün açıklanmasının geri bırakılmasına karar verdi.

Gezi Parkı protestoları
Şafak Sezer Gezi Parkı protestolarına sosyal medyada destek verdi. 21 Temmuz 2013'te Barbaros Bulvarı'nı trafiğe kapatan protestocu grupta yer aldı. Daha sonra Ak Parti İstanbul İl Başkanlığının verdiği bir iftar yemeğinde protestolara verdiği destek nedeniyle dönemin Başbakanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'dan özür diledi.

Engelli Farkındalık Söyleşi
Şafak Sezer, Melis YAVUZ sunumuyla gerçekleştirilen söyleşi programına katılarak engelli farkındalığı oluşturmak ve  engelli kişilerin seslerini duyurmak için her türlü kampanya ve farkındalık projelerinde desteğe hazır olduğunu belirtti.

Filmografisi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Şafak Sezer Resmi Twitter Hesabı
 Şafak Sezer Resmi Facebook Sayfası

1970 doğumlular
Sincan doğumlular
Ankara doğumlu erkek oyuncular
20. yüzyılda Türk erkek oyuncular
21. yüzyılda Türk erkek oyuncular
Türk erkek sinema oyuncuları
Türk erkek tiyatro oyuncuları
Türk erkek dizi oyuncuları
Türk komedyenler
Türk film yönetmenleri
Türk senaristler
Yaşayan insanlar

Şafak Sezer


පූජාර්හ වස්තුවක් තැන්පත් කොට ඉදිකළ ගොඩනැගිල්ල. බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේ ස්ථූප සෑදීම අනුදත් සේක. ඒ අනුව ස්ථූපාර්හ පුද්ගලයෝ සිව් දෙනෙකි.
1. සම්මා සම්බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේ
2. පසේ බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේ
3. රහතන් වහන්සේ
4. චක්‍රවර්තී රජු

ස්ථූප

ස්ථූපය


Live at Montreux 1986 est une sortie vidéo d'un concert du groupe anglais Talk Talk lors d'un concert au Montreux Jazz Festival 1986.

Histoire
Le spectacle fait partie d'une tournée qui a débuté en  pour promouvoir le récent album du groupe The Colour of Spring et devait être leur seule apparition à Montreux, depuis leur dernière tournée. La vidéo montre Talk Talk au sommet de leur carrière.

Pour cette tournée, le trio habituel de Mark Hollis (chant), Paul Webb (basse) et Lee Harris (batterie) est complété par John Turnbull à la guitare (qui joue une Fender Stratocaster et Telecaster, ainsi qu'une guitare électroacoustique), deux percussionnistes et deux claviéristes. Comme souvent, le quatrième membre du groupe de facto, Tim Friese-Greene, n'a pas joué sur scène avec le groupe.

Réponse critique
Bill Gibron, de DVD Talk, recommande fortement le DVD, louant sa . Il l'appelle . Un critique allemand de Music Headquarter fait l'éloge du chanteur Mark Hollis pour sa performance charismatique et du groupe pour ses variations jazzy et ses improvisations. Un critique du site Web allemand MSN était moins positif à propos de la performance et de l'apparence de Hollis, se plaignant de l'introversion bien connue du chanteur et de son penchant pour se cacher derrière des lunettes de soleil, ainsi que de la toile de fond (le design de Montreux était entre les mains de Keith Haring en 1986) et les vêtements des années 1980 portés par le groupe.

Liste des pistes
 Talk Talk - 3:08
 Dum Dum Girl - 3:44
 Call in the Night Boy - 6:55
 Tomorrow Started - 7:38
 My Foolish Friend - 4:45
 Life's What You Make It - 4:37
 Mirror Man / Does Caroline Know? - 8:11
 It's You - 4:02
 Chameleon Day / Living in Another World - 7:55
 Give It Up - 5:39
 It's My Life - 6:52
 I Don't Believe in You - 6:05
 Such a Shame - 8:45
 Renée - 7:53

Personnel
 Talk Talk
 Mark Hollis - chant principal
 Paul Webb - basse, chœurs
 Lee Harris - batterie

 Membres supplémentaires
 John Turnbull - guitares, chœurs
 Ian Curnow - synthétiseurs, orgue, programmation, piano
 Rupert Black - synthétiseurs, piano électrique, boîte à rythme
 Phil Reis - percussions
 Leroy Williams - percussions

Références

Album live sorti en 2008
Album de Talk Talk
Album publié par Eagle Rock Entertainment
Album live
DVD musical
Montreux

Live at Montreux 1986


The Great North Woods, also known as the Northern Forest, are spread across four northeastern U.S. states: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and New York in the New England area. The area spans from the Down East lakes of Maine to the Adirondack Mountains of New York, generally bordering the Canadian province of Quebec. Collectively, the Great North Woods make up a 26 million acre (105,000 km2) forestland.

States

New Hampshire

In New Hampshire, the Great North Woods Region is an official state tourist region, located in Coös County, the northernmost county in the state. The northern part of the White Mountain National Forest is located in this region. The city of Berlin, formerly known for its large paper mill, is also found in this region.

New York
Upstate New York's Great North Woods is located in the extreme northern part of the state. Like Maine and Vermont, the Great North Woods region is an unofficial region. In New York, this region mainly consists of the Adirondack Mountains, as defined by the Adirondack Park.

Maine
Within Maine, the Great North Woods include the Maine North Woods, which are unincorporated townships in Aroostook County. This is an unofficial region of Maine, and no official population figures are published.

Vermont
Vermont's Great North Woods region is an unofficial region of Vermont, and is located mainly in the Northeast Kingdom, bordering New Hampshire and Québec. The Northeast Kingdom region of Vermont is very remote and rural. The northern part of the Green Mountain National Forest is in this region.

See also
North Country Trail
North Woods Law

References

Forests of the United States

Great North Woods


بلدية سانتا كروز دي موديلا ، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة سيوداد ريال إحدى مقاطعات إسبانيا، والتي تقع في منطقة قشتالة لا منتشا وسط إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 4.740 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في ثيوداد ريال
بلديات سيوداد ريال

سانتا كروز دي موديلا (سيوداد ريال)


La isla habitada (en ruso: Обитаемый остров, transl. como Obitayemyí ostrov) es una película rusa de ciencia ficción de 2008 y 2009 basada en la novela homónima de Arkadi y Borís Strugatski, y dirigida por Fyodor Bondarchuk. Debido a la extensa duración de la película, la misma fue dividida en dos partes (la primera se estrenó en Rusia el 18 de diciembre de 2008 y la segunda el 23 de abril de 2009).

Argumento

Primera parte
En el año 2157, Maxim Kammerer (Vasiliy Stepanov) es un piloto espacial de una nave de búsqueda que sufre daños tras recibir el impacto de un meteorito provocando que caiga en un planeta desconocido en el que rige una dictadura militar. Una vez sobre el terreno, Maxim es arrestado por Zef (Sergei Garmash) y escoltado por Gay Gaal (Pyotr Fyodorov) a un campamento militar.

Mientras se dirigen a la capital en tren, el convoy es atacado por un grupo llamados "los Degenerados", los cuales destruyen una torre de comunicaciones de la cual se cuenta, forma parte de la defensa militar. El reo demuestra gran forma física durante la emboscada y salva a Gay de una muerte segura. De pronto descubre que se encuentra en el planeta Saraksh, en un país gobernado por una junta militar llamada los "Padres desconocidos".

Finalmente es llevado ante los Stranniki, una raza alienígena que goza de privilegios en el gobierno; pero cuando uno de los hombres Strannik: Fank (Andrei Merzlikin) sufre un ataque epiléptico, aprovecha para escapar. Más tarde, Maxim se encuentra con Rada Gaal (Yuliya Snigir), hermana de Gay. Mientras permanece en la ciudad, tanto él como los otros son alistados en la Guardia. Una vez dentro descubre como empezó la guerra y trata de determinar quien es el enemigo y el motivo por el que están luchando. Sin embargo, Maxim es disparado por su superior y abandonado a su suerte por negarse a ejecutar a un grupo de Degenerados.

No obstante, se recupera y se une al grupo de los Degenerados, los cuales le explican que al contrario de lo que dice la propaganda política del gobierno, las torres que buscan destruir son en realidad aparatos de control mental con la que someten al pueblo. Dos veces al día, la población experimenta un frenesí patriótico tras recibir una pequeña dosis de una especie de radiación, en cambio, estos sufren fuertes dolores y convulsiones. Tanto los Degenerados como los Padres desconocidos, parecen ser unas minorías que todavía se niegan a someterse a la radiación de las torres, aunque sufren el dolor al mismo tiempo que estas emanan radiación.

No obstante, los Degenerados no buscan desmantelar el sistema de torres, sino hacerse con el control de los aparatos y utilizarlos en su beneficio. En cuanto a ambos bandos, al descubrir que Maxim es inmune al control mental, tratan de reclutarle, sin embargo se niega a mostrar partido por alguno de los contendientes.

Después de luchar por su cuenta en el ataque a una de las torres, Maxim vuelve a ser capturado por el ejército militar y condenado a un campo de concentración en el que se le encomienda la labor de despejar el campo de minas. Mientras sigue con su misión, él y otros dos prisioneros, Zef y Veper (Gosha Kutsenko) encuentran en un bosque, una estación eléctrica custodiada por los Golovan, una raza con aspecto canino que ataca a los presos.

Tras salir de la zona, Maxim se hace con un tanque mecanizado con el que atacaban a los reos y se dirige a la frontera donde se reencuentra con Gay y con el que se va hacia las naciones sureñas.

Segunda parte
La segunda parte se titula Skhvatka (escaramuza) y comienza con una breve descripción de lo acontecido en la primera parte.

Maxim trata de revelar a Gay el verdadero propósito de las torres. A pesar de mostrarse escéptico, cambia de parecer cuando el entusiasmo de su compañero va in crescendo a medida que se alejan de la influencia de las torres.

Una vez llegan a lo que una vez fue un territorio próspero, arrasado hoy en día por una guerra atómica, se encuentran con una raza mutante que sufre los efectos de la contaminación radiactiva, los cuales les llevan hasta los bárbaros del sur. Maxim intenta convencerles de formar una rebelión a la que llaman "La Patria", sin embargo, son demasiado débiles para luchar.

Estos le sugieren que pida ayuda al "Brujo", un niño mutante con habilidades sobrenaturales. Maxim empieza a lamentarse al pensar que no pueda ser suficiente para derrocar al régimen, finalmente opta por unirse al Imperio Insular. El líder de los mutantes, un antiguo coronel de los servicios sanitarios le explica a Maxim que la travesía por el desierto podría ser demasiado peligroso y le recomienda un aerodirigible de tiempos de la guerra.

A medida que viajan en el aerodirigible, Gay cae víctima de la radiación de la torre y empieza a desarrollar un comportamiento agresivo hasta que Maxim destruye la torre, pero son derribados momentos después por un escudo antiaéreo.

Tras un aterrizaje forzoso en el mar, Maxim y Gay llegan a tierra firme y dan con un submarino imperial en el que encuentran evidencias de asesinatos en masa por parte del Imperio, por lo que la alianza con estos resulta imposible.

Mientras, la fiscalía estatal planea encontrar a Maxim y usar sus habilidades para provecho propio, por otro lado Rada se niega a cooperar y es llevada a la cárcel, pero escapa con la ayuda de Strannik.

Maxim descubre que La Patria le ha declarado la guerra a Khonti, antiguo territorio del Imperio Isleño con la consecuente rendición de Gay a la patrulla del país. La mayoría de los prisioneros varones son enviados al frente, entre los que se incluyen Zef y Veper. Durante la batalla, Gay fallece y ajenos a los sucesos, Fank convence a Maxim de que se una al grupo de Strannik.

La Patria no tarda en ser derrotada, y la fiscalía (apoyo activo en la contienda) descubre que los Padres desconocidos pretenden matarle por su fracaso. Tras contactar con Maxim y revelarle la ubicación del Centro de control de la torre, por lo que consigue destruirla con la ayuda de los líderes de la resistencia y salva a Rada de las manos de Strannik.

Para cuando se da cuenta, ya es tarde para Strannik, y comienza un enfrentamiento final entre este y Maxim, al cual informa de que al igual que este, proviene de la Tierra y que estuvo trabajando en la Administración de Seguridad Galáctica y que gobernó el planeta durante un tiempo, y le culpa de todos los males que pueda ocasionar al dar la oportunidad al Imperio Isleño de atacar La Patria, siendo este un ataque difícil de contrarrestar sin la radiación de la que emanaba las torres. Por su parte Maxim le contesta que no piensa permitir que nadie construya ninguna torre, pero que piensa cooperar con Strannik en otras materias.

Reparto
 Vasiliy Stepanov es Maxim Kammerer.
 Yuliya Snigir es Rada Gaal.
 Pyotr Fyodorov es Gay Gaal.
 Aleksei Serebryakov es Strider.
 Fyodor Bondarchuk es Fiscal del Estado.
 Sergei Garmash es Zef.
 Gosha Kutsenko es Veper.
 Andrei Merzlikin es Fank.
 Mikhail Yevlanov es Rittmeister Chachu.
 Anna Mikhalkova es Ordi Tader.
 Sergei Barkovsky es Nolle Renadu.
 Aleksey Gorbunov es Shurin.
 Maksim Sukhanov es Padre.
 Yuriy Tsurilo es el General.
 Aleksandr Feklistov es Dever.
 Kirill Pirogov es Svyokor.
 Yevgeni Sidikhin es Teste.
 Sergei Mazayev es Voldyr.
 Leonid Gromov es Gramenau.
 Vasili Savinov es Lesnik.
 Vyacheslav Razbegayev as Krysolov.
 Dimash Akhimov es Behemoth.
 Ignat Akrachkov es Fiscal referente.

Producción
La película es una producción de Art Pictures Studio, Non-Stop Productions y de la cadena STS, con efectos especiales de EyeScream Studio, Main Road Post y Quantum Creation FX.

La producción comenzó en Crimea, Ucrania y duró diez meses (desde el 14 de febrero hasta el 7 de diciembre de 2007). La película contó con un presupuesto de 36,6 millones de dólares siendo la película más cara de Rusia superando a Almirante con 20 millones.

Recepción
La isla habitada obtuvo críticas dispares por parte de los críticos. La mayoría alabó el film por ser sorprendentemente fiel a la novela, otros elogiaron los efectos visuales, mientras que otros criticaron el trabajo del director y del editor. La revista Mir Fantastiki detalló que la película era "un caos de componentes dramáticos, musicales y visuales, cada uno por separado tenía su calidad". Según Total DVD, "el film se dispersa por un mosaico de imágenes espectaculares que no comprende la imagen consistente del mundo".

La película fue un fracaso comercial en la taquilla. A pesar de haber recaudado 30 millones con las dos partes y situarse entre las producciones que más dinero han ganado, no sirvió para superar los 36 millones que costó hacerla. Poco después de salir de la cartelera, la película fue publicada en DVD con la esperanza de saldar la deuda.

Boris Strugatsky, uno de los autores de la novela declaró que la película es un éxito del director ya que no era del todo fiel al libro. No obstante, alabó las actuaciones de Serebryakov, Bondsarchuk y Garmash (Strannik, Umnik y Zef respectivamente), por otro lado se sintió insatisfecho con Kutsenko, Mikhalkova y Merzlikin (Vepr, Ordi Tader, Fank. También hizo hincapié en Stepanov, al que elogió por su actuación de Maxim.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Website oficial
Website secundaria oficial

Películas producidas por Fyódor Bondarchuk
Películas de 2008
Películas de 2009
Películas de ciencia ficción de Rusia
Películas de aventuras espaciales
Películas en ruso
Películas basadas en novelas de ciencia ficción

La isla habitada


Sling furniture is usually a suspended, free-swinging chair, bed, or hammock that is made of a framework connected to hanging straps or rope. When attached to poles or a frame for carrying, a sling becomes a stretcher, a simple form of litter.

See also
 Sex swing
 Swing (seat)

External links

Furniture
Portable furniture

Sling (furniture)


Amalie Emmy Noether (født 23. marts 1882, død 14. april 1935) var en tyskfødt matematiker. Einstein skal have sagt om hende at hun var en af de mest kompetente matematikerne, som nogensinde levede, og at hun var det mest signifikante matematiske geni som var produceret siden kvinder fik adgang til højere uddannelse.

Den 23. marts 2015 som var den 133. årsdag for hendes fødsel, dedikerede Google sin Google Doodle som en hyldest til hende.

Publikationer

Publikationer af Emmy Noether

Andre publikationer

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Personer fra Erlangen
Matematikere fra Tyskland
Kvindelige matematikere
Tyskere i 1800-tallet
Tyskere i 1900-tallet
Matematisk fysik

Emmy Noether


Yuto Shirai (født 19. juni 1988) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Zweigen Kanazawa.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yuto Shirai


An Dendrochilum dulitense in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Cedric Errol Carr. An Dendrochilum dulitense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrochilum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dendrochilum

Dendrochilum dulitense


Widnall ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Sheila Widnall (* 1938), US-amerikanische Strömungsmechanikerin und Wissenschaftsmanagerin
 William B. Widnall (1906–1983), US-amerikanischer Politiker

Widnall


Nicolas-Henri af Frankrg (13. april 1607 – 17. november 1611) var en fransk prins, der var den anden søn af kong Henrik 4. af Frankrig og Marie af Medici. Han bar titel af hertug af Orléans og var præsumptiv tronarving til den franske trone fra sin fars død i 1610 til sin egen død i 1611. Hertugen af Orléans døde som følge af et epileptisk anfald i 1611. Han blev begravet i Klosterkirken Saint-Denis nord for Paris. Titlen som hertug af Orléans overgik senere til lillebroderen Gaston.

Eksterne henvisninger

Huset Bourbon
Kongelige fra Frankrig
Personer fra Fontainebleau
Franskmænd i 1600-tallet

Nicolas-Henri af Frankrig


Harrassowitz Verlag este o editură științifică germană, organizată juridic ca o societate în comandită (GmbH & Co. KG), cu sediul social în Wiesbaden.

Editura a fost înființată pe 1 iulie 1872 de către Otto Harrassowitz, împreună cu Oscar Richter, ca o  editură-librărie cu un anticariat afiliat în Leipzig. În 1875, Otto Harrassowitz a preluat întreaga conducere a companiei. În 1921 i-a urmat fiul lui, Hans Harrassowitz (d. 21 aprilie 1964), la conducerea afacerii.

În timpul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial clădirea editurii a fost complet distrusă în urma unui atac aerian asupra aeroportului din Leipzig de pe 4 decembrie 1943. După exproprierea din 1949 editura s-a mutat în anul 1953 la Wiesbaden, unde a început reconstrucția companiei.

Accentul editurii este pus în special pe domeniile bibliologiei, biblioteconomiei, studiilor orientale, studiilor slavice și filologiei. Începând cu anul 2013, Harrassowitz Verlag a editat, de asemenea, publicațiile Monumenta Germaniae Historica.

Note

Bibliografie
 Hans Harrassowitz: Otto Harrassowitz und seine Firma, eine Skizze, zum Tage des 50jährigen Bestehens der Firma Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig am 1. Juli 1922. Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig 1922, DNB 1045440191.
 Curt Vinz, Günter Olzog (Hrsg.): Dokumentation deutschsprachiger Verlage. 8. Ausgabe. Günter Olzog Verlag, München/Wien 1983, ISBN 3-7892-9855-7, Lemma Otto Harrassowitz

Legături externe
 Site-ul oficial

Fondări în 1872
Edituri din Germania

Harrassowitz Verlag


Zdenko Svete (Bosanski Brod, 31. prosinca 1923. — Split, 27. travnja 2014.), hrvatski visoki dužnosnik, višegodišnji diplomat socijalističke Jugoslavije, partizanski borac

Životopis
Rodio se je 31. prosinca 1923. godine u Bosanskom Brodu, ali je po običaju upisan u knjigu rođenih 3. siječnja 1924. Pridružio se je pokretu otpora u Drugome svjetskom ratu odmah na početku, nakon što je vidio pokolj nad nevinim Srbima na obali Save, te je bio nosilac Partizanske spomenice 1941. U SKOJ su ga primili Marko Belinić i Zvonko Brkić. Sljedeće je godine postao sekretar Općinskog i Okružnog komiteta SKOJ-a i rukovodilac SKOJ-a u 28. diviziji. Teško je ranjen s dva metka u pluća i jednim u koljeno dok je bio na Bilogori 1944. godine. Ozljeda je izgledala teško te mu je Ivan Šibl već sastavio in memoriam biltenu 9. slavonske divizije. No, preživio je. Zrakoplovom je prevezen u Bari gdje su mu britanski liječnici u britanskoj vojnoj bolnici u ranu na koljenu stavljali crve te izvukli jedan metak. Drugi metak u njemu ostao je preko 60 godina i izvađen je u bolnici u Ženevi. U Hrvatsku se je vratio 26. listopada 1944. godine. Pozvali su ga na Vis ali se je zaputio natrag u svoju postrojbu i opet je bio ranjen.  Lipnja 1944. iz CK KPH prenesen je Titov dekret o formiranju OZNE za Jugoslaviju. Budući da je to bilo stvaranje centralizirane službe na razini cijele avnojske Jugoslavije, zahtijevalo se da Okružni komitet odredi jednog kandidata za načelnika Ozne II. za okrug Bjelovar. Okružni komitet su tad činili Franjo Đureta, Zdenko Svete, Stjepan Banak, Ivan Živoder i Josip Manolić, i za šefa je određen sekretar Marjan Jambrešić. Kad se Manolić ženio 13. svibnja 1945., predviđeni kum Pavle Gregorić nije mogao biti kumom zbog protokolarnih obveza oko Titova dolaska, pa je ulogu preuzeo Svete. Poslije rata 1945. godine radio je u Ozninu/Udbinu Odjelu za inozemstvo u Beogradu. Rano je otišao u diplomaciju i bio je jedan od najmlađih diplomata socijalističke Jugoslavije. Obnašao je dužnosti od od šefa odsjeka, pomoćnika načelnika, šefa kabineta do konzula i veleposlanika. Prvo je bio u SAD u Washingtonu, otkamo su ga poslali u New York za generalnog konzula. Sa suprugom Nilom Kuzmanić Svete, koja je bila poliglotica i ekspertica za izvođačke umjetnosti, sudjelovao je u društvenom i kulturnom životu ovoga grada, a osobito u Metropolitanu. Budući da nije bilo veleposlanika u Čehoslovačkoj, u Pragu, ondje je bio otpravnik poslova. Vrativši se u Ministarstvo inozemnih poslova radio je kao šef kabineta Koče Popovića i Marka Nikezića. Imao je vjerodajnice za veleposlanika u Vatikanu, kod trojice papa. S njiam je razvio prijateljske odnose i bio je prvi veleposlanik koji je papi Pavlu VI. uručio službeni Titov poziv za posjet Jugoslaviji. 1979. godine bila je mogućnost za posjet pape Ivana Pavla II. Hrvatskoj. Te je godine bila središnja domovinska proslava Branimirove godine u Ninu, 2. rujna 1979. godine. Svete je tad bio veleposlanik SFRJ pri Svetoj Stolici. Neposredno nakon susreta i razgovora s papinim državnim tajnikom Agostinom Casarolijem poslao je šifriranu poruku Saveznom sekretarijatu za inozemne poslove u Beogradu. Sadržavala je nešto više informacija o tome da su hrvatski biskupi pozvali papu Wojtylu u Hrvatsku, te da bi to vrlo vjerojatno moglo biti u vezi s predstojećom proslavom 1100. obljetnice čuvenoga pisma pape Ivana VIII. hrvatskom knezu Branimiru (879. – 1979.). Otkrio je ploču kraljice Jelene u Solinu. U Rimu, gdje je bio veleposlanik, dao joj je urediti kapelicu u bazilici Santa Maria in Aracoeli. Sa suprugom Nilom 1979. je u Rimu osigurao proslavu 1100. obljetnice Branimira "Od Rima do Nina". Diplomatsku karijeru okončao je na mjestu veleposlanika u Maroku.

Svete je diplomatski posao obavio stručno, ne tek činovnički. Zahvaljujući njemu i supruzinom angažmanu vražene su brojne umjetnine u zemlju. S nekadašnje izložbe u New Yorku je donio sve izloške Ivana Meštrovića. Violinu Guarneri Zlatka Balokovića koju je darovala njegova supruga Joyce Borden-Baloković donio je u ondašnji JAZU. Iz Maroka je uspješno izveo ilegalni transfer Mimarine zbirke u Hrvatsku. Iz Mimarine je zbirke trajno smjestio u Strossmayerovu galeriju 48 slika, za što je dobio pismenu zahvalu Vinka Zlamalika. Kćeri Vlahe Bukovca u Pragu su dobile manji stan i nisu imale kamo s obiteljskim portretima, pa ih je Zdenko Svete prvo smjestio u veleposlanstvo, a nakn što je otišao izi Praga darovao ih je u Dubrovnik.

Sredinom 1980-ih bio je predsjednik Komisije Izvršnog vijeća Sabora SRH za odnose s vjerskim zajednicama. Na dužnost sekretara, pa predsjednika došao je povratkom iz diplomacije. S vjerskim zajednicama uspostavio je dobar odnos na dijaloškoj razini. Pomogao je u vraćanju bivše imovine. Djelovao u prvoj Komisiji za uspostavu odnosa s Vatikanom i Protokolima o odnosima Jugoslavije i Vatikana.

Na dužnosti predsjednika Komisije IV Sabora bio je kad se zbila tzv. Kninska proslava kosovske bitke. 1989. godine ni jedna rukovodeća razina SKH u sjevernoj Dalmaciji nije bila obaviještena ni konzultirana o obilježavanju u "600. godišnjice bitke na tom području Knina". Dotično "događanje naroda" šokirala je rukovodstvo SKH pokazavši konkretno kamo ih je odvela "hrvatska šutnja". O događaju je raspravljalo Predsjedništvo CK SKH 10. srpnja 1989. na sastanku i razmatralo što se zbilo u Kninu i kako se prema tome postaviti. Uvodnu informaciju podnio je Zdenko Svete. U govoru je informirao da je "SSRNH bio zadužen za obilježavanje i da su na sastancima ipak sudjelovali pojedini članovi SK iz lokalnih i regionalnih organizacija. Za njega je SPC odigrala glavnu ulogu u organizaciji, sukladno njezinu ponašanju u Srbiji, kao i da je pokrenula promicanje dr. Jovana Raškovića u političkog lidera Srba u tom dijelu Hrvatske. Premda je ponašanje Crkve na samom središtu ocijenio korektnim, Svete je smatrao da se nisu držali dogovorenog u svojim programima koje su vodili tijekom obilježavanja. Tvrdio je ipak da masa nije sudjelovala u takvim pojavama, već militantne skupine uvezene iz drugih dijelova države koje su izvikivale parole o S. Miloševiću i nosile srpske zastave s i bez socijalističkih obilježja, dok se zastava SRH nigdje nije mogla vidjeti."
Nakon demokratskih promjena 1990. godine obnašao je dužnost pročelnika Ureda za zaštitu ustavnog poretka dok mu je na čelu bio Josip Manolić.

Za sebe je govorio da je hrvatski antifašist, partizan, komunist i patriot u Domovinskom ratu. Za Bleiburški pokolj je rekao za Globus u br. 881 od 26. listopada 2007. da "tamo nije bilo nikakvih nedužnih civila, nego su se partizani obračunali s «dvadesetak tisuća najkrvavijih hrvatskih, srpskih, slovenskih itd. nacifašista». Zaključuje Svete kako se i danas ponosi što je bio Titov partizan i jugoslavenski komunist.".

U neovisnoj Hrvatskoj Manolić i predsjednik Franjo Tuđman pozvali su ga neka lobira kod hrvatskih veleposlanika u jugoslavenskoj diplomatskoj službi da prijeđu u hrvatsku diplomaciju. Zadnjih godinâ aktivne službe bio je u Uredu za zaštitu ustavnog poretka (UZUP-a), kasnije UNS-a, u kojoj je bio pročelnikom. Zadnje mjesto gdje je radio bilo je Ministarstvo za europske integracije Vlade RH u Zagrebu. Posljednje desetljeće ljetovao je na improviziranom kupalištu koje su napravili splitski branitelji, pokraj Vile Dalmacije. Pretkraj života pretrpio je dva moždana udara i dijabetičku komu. Premda su ga otpustili iz bolnice kao osobu koja će svaki čas umrijeti, poživio je još devet mjeseci. Umro je 27. travnja 2014. godine. Pokopan je u obiteljskoj grobnici u Kaštel Novom.

Izvori

Životopisi, Bosanski Brod
Životopisi, Split
Hrvatski diplomati
Partizani
Hrvatski komunisti u drugoj Jugoslaviji

Zdenko Svete


Elizebeth Smith Friedman (August 26, 1892 – October 31, 1980) was an American cryptanalyst and author who deciphered enemy codes in both World Wars and helped to solve international smuggling cases during Prohibition. Over the course of her career, she worked for the United States Treasury, Coast Guard, Navy and Army, and the International Monetary Fund. She has been called "America's first female cryptanalyst".

Early life and education
Friedman was born in Huntington, Indiana, to John Marion Smith, a Quaker dairyman, banker, and politician, and Sophia Smith (née Strock). Friedman was the youngest of nine surviving children (a tenth died in infancy) and was raised on a farm.

From 1911 to 1913, Friedman attended Wooster College in Ohio, but left when her mother became ill. In 1913, Friedman transferred to Hillsdale College in Michigan, as it was closer to home. In 1915, she graduated with a major in English literature. She was a member of Pi Beta Phi. Having exhibited her interest in languages, she had also studied Latin, Greek, and German, and minored "in a great many other things." Only she and one other sibling attended college. In 1938, Hillsdale awarded her an honorary doctor of laws degree.

In the fall of 1915, Friedman became the substitute principal of a public high school in Wabash, Indiana. The position was short-lived, however, and in the spring of 1916, she quit and moved back in with her parents.

Career

Riverbank Laboratories and World War I

Elizebeth Smith began working at Riverbank Laboratories in Geneva, Illinois, in 1916. It was one of the first facilities in the U.S. established to study cryptography. Colonel George Fabyan, a wealthy textile merchant, owned Riverbank Laboratories and was interested in Shakespeare. Friedman was looking for a job and visited Chicago's Newberry Library, where she talked to a librarian who knew of Fabyan's interest. The librarian called Fabyan, who appeared in his limousine and invited Elizebeth to spend a night at Riverbank, where they discussed what life would be like at Fabyan's great estate located in Geneva, Illinois. He told her that she would assist a Boston woman, Elizabeth Wells Gallup, and her sister with Gallup's attempt to prove Sir Francis Bacon had written Shakespeare's plays and sonnets. The work would involve decrypting enciphered messages that were supposed to have been contained within the plays and poems.

On the staff at Riverbank was the man Elizebeth would marry in May 1917, William F. Friedman, a plant biologist who also became involved in the Bacon-Shakespeare project.

Riverbank gathered historical information on secret writing. Military cryptography had been deemphasized after the Civil War to the point that there were only three or four people in the United States who knew anything about the subject. Two of those people were Elizebeth and William Friedman. When the United States entered World War I, Fabyan established a new Riverbank Department of Ciphers, with the Friedmans in charge, and offered their services to the government. During the war, the Friedmans developed many of the principles of modern cryptology. Several U.S. government departments asked Riverbank Labs for help or sent personnel there for training. Among those was Agnes Meyer Driscoll, who came on behalf of the U.S. Navy.

The Friedmans worked together for the next four years in what was the only cryptographic facility in the country, until Herbert Yardley's so-called "Black Chamber" was established as MI8, the Army's Cipher Bureau, in 1919. In 1921, the Friedmans left Riverbank to work for the War Department in Washington, D.C. Their previous efforts to leave had been thwarted by Fabyan, who intercepted their mail.

Prohibition

The 1919 National Prohibition Act, also known as the Volstead Act, forbade the manufacture, sale, or trade of liquor in the United States. However, Prohibition, which was in effect from 1920 to 1933, did not stop the demand for alcoholic beverages, and the Coast Guard was put in charge of stopping smugglers along the coasts.   Bootleggers and smugglers brought liquor and narcotics into the U.S., as well as items that would be heavily taxed if imported openly, such as perfume, jewels, and even pinto beans.

The smugglers used encrypted radio messages extensively to conduct their operations. In response, the Coast Guard hired Elizebeth Friedman, who had quit her job in 1922, on a temporary basis to decode their backlog of messages. Eventually, she and a small team of cryptanalysts she trained led the effort against international smuggling and drug-running.

While early codes and ciphers were very basic, their subsequent increase in complexity and resistance to solution was important to the financial growth of smuggling operations. The extent of sophistication posed little problem for Friedman; she mounted successful attacks against simple substitution and transposition ciphers, as well as the more complex ciphers which eventually came into use.

In 1927, the U.S. Treasury Department's Bureau of Prohibition and of Customs established a joint effort with the U.S. Coast Guard Intelligence Division to monitor international smuggling, drug-running, and criminal activity domestically and internationally. From 1927 to 1939, the unit, which was of critical importance, was folded into the U.S. Coast Guard.

Friedman solved the bulk of intercepts collected by Coast Guard stations in San Francisco and Florida herself. In June 1928, she was sent to teach C.A. Housel, stationed with the Coordinator of the Pacific Coast Details, how to decrypt rumrunners' messages. Under her teaching, Housel was able to decode 3,300 messages within 21 months. In October and November 1929, she was then recruited in Houston, Texas, to solve 650 smuggling traffic cases that had been subpoenaed by the United States Attorney. In doing so, she decrypted 24 coding systems used by smugglers. Friedman's work was responsible for providing decoded information that resulted in the conviction of the narcotics-smuggling Ezra Brothers.

While working for the U.S. Coast Guard, the Bureau of Narcotics, the Bureau of Internal Revenue, the Bureau of Prohibition and Customs, and the Department of Justice, Friedman solved over 12,000 coded messages by hand in three years, resulting in 650 criminal prosecutions. One of the individuals Friedman helped to indict was Al Capone.

In 1930, Friedman proposed creating a team of seven people to handle the increasing workload involved in decrypting messages. Her proposal was finally approved in 1931, and she was put in charge of the only codebreaking unit in America ever to be managed by a woman. She recruited and trained the analysts, and by the end of 1932, had developed the best radio intelligence team in the country. This allowed her to address new, atypical systems as they appeared and expedited the entire process from initial analysis through to solution. It also allowed her to stay one step ahead of the smugglers. "Our office doesn't make 'em, we only break 'em," said Friedman to a visitor who tried to sell her code-making assistance. The NSA notes that she did "break 'em" many times over a variety of targets. Her successes led to the conviction of many violators of the Volstead Act.

In addition to her cryptanalytic successes, she often testified in cases against accused parties. She appeared as an expert witness in 33 cases and became famous as a result of newspaper and magazine articles about her. The messages she deciphered enabled her to implicate several smugglers in the Gulf of Mexico and on the Pacific Coast. She testified in cases in Galveston and Houston in Texas. In 1933 she was a star witness at the New Orleans, Louisiana, trial of 23 suspected agents of the Consolidated Exporters Corporation. Her testimony resulted in the convictions of five of the ringleaders, who were directly linked with smuggling vessels as a result of her analysis.

The next year she helped settle a dispute between the Canadian and U.S. governments over the true ownership of the sailing vessel I'm Alone. The vessel was flying the Canadian flag when it was sunk by  for failing to heed a "heave to and be searched" signal. The Canadian government filed a $350,000 suit against the U.S., but the intelligence gleaned from the twenty-three messages decoded by Friedman indicated de facto U.S. ownership just as the U.S. had originally suspected. The true owners of the ship were identified and most of the Canadian claim was dismissed.

The Canadian government sought Friedman's help in 1937 with an opium-smuggling gang, and she eventually testified in the trial of Gordon Lim and several other Chinese. Her solution to a complicated unknown Chinese enciphered code, in spite of her unfamiliarity with the language, was key to the successful convictions.

World War II
During World , Friedman's Coast Guard unit was transferred to the Navy, where they were the principal U.S. source of intelligence on Operation Bolívar, the clandestine German network in South America. Prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor that brought the U.S. into the war, there was concern that Germany could eventually attack the U.S. via Latin America. The Nazi authorities also saw Latin America as a potential opportunity to outflank the U.S. While the FBI was given responsibility for countering this threat, at the time, the one U.S. agency with staff experienced in detecting and monitoring clandestine spy transmissions was the Coast Guard, due to its earlier work against smugglers, and Friedman's team was its sole cryptoanalytic asset.

Friedman's team remained the primary U.S. code-breakers assigned to the South American threat, and they solved numerous cipher systems used by the Germans and their local sympathizers, including three separate Enigma machines. According to cables between Britain's Bletchley Park and Washington, D.C. at the time, the two organizations exchanged solutions. The Bletchley Park section that solved the spy Enigmas was known as ISK, Intelligence Service Knox, and the American section was the Friedman's Coast Guard Cryptanalytic Unit 387. The two sections worked independently and ended up solving the machines around the same time. One turned out to be an unrelated Swiss network, but the other two were used by Johannes Siegfried Becker (codename: ''Sargo''), the SS agent who headed the operation, to communicate with Germany. Regarding Becker, biographer Jason Fagone states: "Elizebeth was his nemesis. She successfully tracked him where every other law enforcement agency and intelligence agencies failed. She did what the FBI could not do." After the spy ring was broken, Argentina, Bolivia and Chile broke with the Axis powers and supported the Allies.

Over the course of the war, Friedman's team decoded 4,000 messages sent on 48 different radio circuits. The work of Friedman's Unit 387 (Coast Guard Cryptanalytic Unit) was often in support of the FBI and J. Edgar Hoover, and was not always credited. In fact, Friedman was irritated by the "sloppiness" of the FBI, for example in rounding up spies in South America, thus alerting the Nazis that their codes had been broken. At the end of World War II, Hoover began a public media campaign claiming that the FBI led the code-breaking effort that resulted in the collapse and arrest of the German spy network in South America. This effort included a story in The American Magazine titled "How the Nazi Spy Invasion Was Smashed" and a publicity film called The Battle of the United States. Neither mentioned Friedman or the Coast Guard.

In 1944, Friedman helped convict Velvalee Dickinson for having attempted to send information to Japan. Known as the "Doll Woman," her antique doll shop was her cover as she corresponded with Japanese agents using the names of women from her business correspondence. Her messages contained encoded material addressing naval vessel status in Pearl Harbor. The messages were decoded by Friedman and helped convict Dickinson.

After World , Friedman became a consultant to the International Monetary Fund and created communications security systems for them based on one-time tapes.

Retirement
After retirement from government service, Friedman and her husband, who had long been Shakespeare enthusiasts, collaborated on a manuscript, The Cryptologist Looks at Shakespeare, eventually published as The Shakespearean Ciphers Examined. It won awards from the Folger Shakespeare Library and the American Shakespeare Theatre and Academy. In this book, the Friedmans dismissed Baconians such as Gallup and Ignatius Donnelly with such technical proficiency and finesse that the book won far more acclaim than did others that addressed the same topic.

The work that Gallup had done earlier for Col. Fabyan at Riverbank operated on the assumption that Bacon wrote Shakespeare and used the bi-literal cipher he invented in the original printed Shakespeare folios, employing "an odd variety of typefaces." The Friedmans, however, "in a classic demonstration of their life's work," buried a hidden Baconian cipher on a page in their publication. It was an italicized phrase which, using the different type faces, expressed their final assessment of the controversy: "I did not write the plays. F. Bacon." Their book is regarded as the definitive work, if not the final word, on the subject. Ironically, it was the Riverbank effort to prove Bacon wrote Shakespeare that introduced the Friedmans to cryptology.

Following her husband's death in 1969, Friedman devoted much of her retirement life to compiling a library and bibliography of his work. This "most extensive private collection of cryptographic material in the world" was donated to the George C. Marshall Research Library in Lexington, Virginia. In 1971, she donated her own papers, which are now known as The Elizebeth Smith Friedman Collection at the Marshall Foundation.

Friedman belonged to civic organizations such as the League of Women Voters and worked on behalf of    statehood for the District of Columbia. She was also a respected public speaker.

Personal life
The rare spelling of her name (it is more commonly spelled "Elizabeth") is attributed to her mother, who disliked the prospect of Elizebeth ever being called "Eliza."

In 1917, Friedman married William F. Friedman, who later became a cryptographer credited with numerous contributions to cryptology, a field to which she introduced him.

They had two children, Barbara Friedman Atchison (1923-2021), and John Ramsay Friedman (1926–2010).

In the 1930s, William Friedman began to show signs of the depression that afflicted him for the rest of his life. Elizebeth supported him and began covering up for him. In January 1941 he was admitted to the Neuropsychiatric Section at Walter Reed General Hospital in Washington, DC, where he spent two and a half months in a mental ward. His condition was deemed to be anxiety due to overwork on a top secret project. After the war, Elizebeth spent more and more of her time taking care of her husband. In April 1955, he suffered his first heart attack. His health continued to worsen, and he died on November 2, 1969.

Elizebeth Friedman died on October 31, 1980, in the Abbott Manor Nursing Home in Plainfield, New Jersey, at the age of 88. She was cremated and her ashes spread over her husband's grave at Arlington National Cemetery.

Posthumous recognition

Friedman's contributions received increasing recognition after her death. Friedman had signed an oath with the U.S. Navy promising to keep her role in World War II secret until her death, and she did so. It was not until 2008 that the documents were finally declassified.

 In 1999, the year of its creation, she was inducted to the NSA Hall of Honor.

 The NSA auditorium, which had been named after William in 1975, was renamed in 1999 the "William and Elizebeth Friedman Auditorium."

 In 2002 NSA's OPS1 building was dedicated as the William and Elizebeth Friedman Building during the Agency's 50th Anniversary Commemoration.

 On June 17, 2014, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms named its national headquarters auditorium after Elizebeth Smith Friedman.

 In 2017, after spending three years researching information about the Friedmans in their personal papers and declassified U.S. and British government files, Jason Fagone published a biography entitled The Woman Who Smashed Codes: A True Story of Love, Spies, and the Unlikely Heroine who Outwitted America's Enemies.

 In April 2019, the U.S. Senate passed a resolution "Honoring the life and legacy of Elizebeth Smith Friedman, Cryptanalyst".

 On July 7, 2020, the U.S. Coast Guard announced that it was naming the 11th Legend-Class National Security Cutter (NSC) in honor of Elizebeth Smith Friedman. According to the announcement, "Legend-Class cutters honor women and men who have a legendary status in the Coast Guard's rich history." Construction began in May 2021 of the .

 The Codebreaker, an episode of the television documentary series American Experience about Elizebeth Smith Friedman's life, based on Fagone's biography plus archival letters and photographs, premiered on January 11, 2021.

 In October 2021, Amy Butler Greenfield published her biography The Woman All Spies Fear: Code Breaker Elizebeth Smith Friedman and Her Hidden Life.

Works and publications
 Friedman, William F. and Friedman, Elizebeth Smith Methods for the Reconstruction of Primary Alphabets, Riverbank Publication Number 21, 1917

See also

 Cryptography
 Edward Isaac Ezra
 Velvalee Dickinson

References

Further reading

 Tape #1: Orientation to the Friedman Collection, Tape #1 transcript
 Tape #2: History of the Friedmans Tape #2 transcript
 Tape #3: The Chinese Cipher, Tape #3 transcript
 Tape #4: Contents and Use of the Friedman Collection, Tape #4 transcript
 Tape #5: Fabyan, Riverbank, and the Bilateral Cipher, Tape #5 transcript

The Friedman Collection: An Analytical Guide

External links

 ANC Explorer
PBS American Experience The Codebreaker

1892 births
1980 deaths
American people of World War I
American people of World War II
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
College of Wooster alumni
Hillsdale College alumni
People from Huntington, Indiana
People from Kane County, Illinois
People from Washington, D.C.
Pre-computer cryptographers
Riverbank Laboratories
Shakespearean scholars
American cryptographers
Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship
Mathematicians from Illinois
Women cryptographers

Elizebeth Smith Friedman


دييغو ريباس دا كونها (بالبرتغالية:Diego Ribas da Cunha) أو دييغو ريباس ، هو لاعب كرة قدم برازيلي سابق كان يلعب في مركز الوسط المهاجم، بدأ مسيرته باللعب لصالح نادي سانتوس البرازيلي. لعب مع يوفنتوس وبورتو وأندية أخرى واعتزل مع فلامنغو البرازيلي. بدأ بالمشاركة مع منتخب البرازيل في عام 2003. وقد كان يعتبر من أفضل لاعبي العالم في كرة القدم.

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Notes et références

Député de la république démocratique du Congo
Personnalité politique congolaise (RDC)

Paul Tshilumbu Kantola


Saint-Louis (; ) is the fifth-largest commune in the French overseas department of Réunion. It is located on the southwest part of the island of Réunion, adjacent to Saint-Pierre.

Geography

Climate

Saint-Louis has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). The average annual temperature in Saint-Louis is . The average annual rainfall is  with January as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in February, at around , and lowest in July, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Saint-Louis was  on 11 February 2016; the coldest temperature ever recorded was  on 10 August 2020.

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See also
Communes of the Réunion department

References

External links

 City council website (in French)

Communes of Réunion

Saint-Louis, Réunion


Coogan's Run is a 1995 UK TV series featuring Steve Coogan as a series of odd characters living in the fictional town of Ottle. It was written by various people including Coogan, Patrick Marber, David Tyler, Graham Linehan, Arthur Mathews, Geoffrey Perkins and Henry Normal.  The series consists of six self-contained stories, although Coogan's characters from the other episodes in the series make occasional cameo appearances.

Cast

 Steve Coogan - Paul Calf / Gareth Cheeseman / Ernest Moss / Peter Calf / Mike Crystal / Guy Crump / Tim Fleck
 John Thomson - Robin Moss
 Malcolm Raeburn - Inspector Lynch
 Teresa Banham - Debs
 Adrian Scarborough - Councillor Hillary Crabbe
 Philip Martin Brown - PC Ted Cornwall
 Roger Morlidge - Prison Officer
 Derek Howard - Reverend Dowd
 John Clegg - Alf
 Patrick Marber - Stewart Crump

Episodes
In order of broadcast:

 featured the already well known characters Paul Calf and his sister Pauline (both played by Coogan). Paul gets into trouble with three criminal brothers after witnessing a bank robbery and being forced to identify them in court. He joins a cult and retreats to their residence where he is lured into a porn film.

In , Coogan plays the insensitive, egotistical computer hardware salesman Gareth Cheeseman. With similarities to Coogan's most famous creation, Alan Partridge, Gareth attempts to socialise and make a big sale during a sales conference while constantly checking to see if his car is safe.  Despite his faults, Gareth appears destined to land a big contract, but fate intervenes.

: Main character Ernest Moss had previously appeared in live shows giving a safety lecture (as seen on the 1994 video release Live 'n' Lewd).  Set in 1960 and mostly filmed in black and white. Ernest Moss (Coogan), a general repairman, attempts to stop a large new property development in his home village while making repairs to his fellow villagers' homes. This episode also saw Coogan play the laddish Peter Calf, the father of Paul.

: Mediocre club entertainer Mike Crystal (Coogan) invents an alter-ego, Clint Stallone, when his career begins to falter. The manager of his club, Clement (Graham Fellows), thinks Clint is real and gets his nephew to photograph him in a compromising position with Mike's girlfriend, Debs.

, featuring the mad, trivia-obsessive brothers Stewart and Guy Crump (Coogan and Patrick Marber). When the brothers lost a children's quiz show in 1975, they burned down the studio, killing their parents and one of the sisters from the opposing team. 20 years later, the brothers kidnap their therapist and the surviving sister, Cathy (Rebecca Front), and make them re-enact the quiz on the roof of a car park with the now-transsexual quiz host, Jeremy (Angela) Monkhead. It ends with Stewart and Guy taking the trophy and then detonating a bomb.

: Tim Fleck (Coogan), the curator of a very dull museum, is disgusted to find that his museum is being taken over to build a steak house upon his mother's death. On opening night, a masked man attacks the diners.

References

External links

BBC television comedy
1995 British television series debuts
1995 British television series endings

Coogan's Run