Johann Jacob Steinmann (Basileia, 17 de setembro de 1800 — Basileia, 20 de junho de 1844) foi um desenhista, litógrafo e pintor de paisagens suíço.

Biografia
Filho do mestre-alfaiate Georg Friedrich Steinmann, Johann Jacob estudou litografia com Godefroy Engelmann em Mulhouse, na Alsácia, no ano de 1821, e posteriormente com o inventor da litografia, Alois Senefelder. Em 1821 trabalhou com o desenhista Friedrich Salathé.

Em 1825 Johann foi contratado por um representante do governo brasileiro em Paris e mudou-se para o Rio de Janeiro em outubro do mesmo ano, onde tornou-se litógrafo do imperador, subordinado ao Arquivo e Academia Militar, sendo considerado um dos litógrafos pioneiros que realizou impressão de mapas e fotografias no Brasil. Casou-se com a holandesa Phoebe Georgine Harris. Em 1830, após o término do seu contrato de cinco anos com o governo brasileiro, Johann abriu uma empresa de litografia com a autorização do imperador Pedro I do Brasil.

Após permanecer mais de sete anos no Brasil, retornou à Europa em 12 de fevereiro de 1833. Em 1834 e nos anos seguintes, foram publicados na Basileia álbuns com vistas litografadas do Brasil, que Johann criou a partir dos esboços feitos durante a sua residência no país.

Bibliografia

Desenhistas da Suíça
Litógrafos
Naturais de Basileia
Pintores da Suíça do século XIX

Johann Jacob Steinmann


A Violência escolar no Brasil é um fenômeno de violência que afeta a comunidade escolar no Brasil e pode ser caracteriza de variadas maneiras. A violência praticada contra professores, estudantes contra estudantes ou contra o patrimônio público são exemplos. Segundo relatório da OCDE, o Brasil é um dos países com mais alto indíce de agressões praticadas contra professores.

Algum dos tipos mais específicos de violência encontradas no ambiente escolar podem ser : Ambiente mais propício ao bullying, Situações de intimidação, Abuso verbal, agressividade "normalizada", Intimidação semanal.

O tema da violência como atrelado ao processo democrático
Em uma perspectiva histórica, a partir de década de 1980 no Brasil, a violência escolar pode ser compreendida como dentro de um contexto maior de violência, estando relacionada com o processo de democratização do país. Com o processo de abertura democrática e retorno das instituições criou-se a demanda por segurança pública e essa discussão alcança o espaço escolar  por meio do avanço do debate público.

Prevenção da violência escolar
Existem diferentes formas descritas na literatura acadêmica sobre o enfrentamento e prevenção da violência escolar, ações originadas pelo poder poder público e a escola constituem uma dessas formas.

É possível compreender a violência entre adolescentes como dentro do campo da saúde pública.

Ver também

 Cultura da paz
 Pedagogia libertadora
 Educação dialógica

Violência escolar
Educação no Brasil

Violência escolar no Brasil


Das Haus Oeringer Straße 10 ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Gebäude in der Stadt Quedlinburg in Sachsen-Anhalt.

Lage
Es befindet sich östlich der historischen Quedlinburger Neustadt gegenüber der Anlage des ebenfalls denkmalgeschützten Ratsguts. Östlich des Hauses fließt die Bode, über die hier die Viehbrücke führt.

Architektur und Geschichte
Das zweigeschossige in Ständerbauweise errichtete Fachwerkhaus gehörte zu einer bereits im 18. Jahrhundert bestehenden Bebauung vor der Stadt Quedlinburg und stellt als östliches Ende eines Häuserzuges dessen Kopfbau dar. Es wurde ursprünglich als Wirtschaftsgebäude genutzt und ist durch ein hohes Krüppelwalmdach geprägt. Im 19. Jahrhundert erfolgte der Umbau zum Wohnhaus. Am östlichen Giebel befindet sich im oberen Stockwerk ein mit vielen Laubsägearbeiten geschmückter Balkon.

Literatur
 Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Sachsen-Anhalt (Hrsg.): Denkmalverzeichnis Sachsen-Anhalt. Band 7: Falko Grubitzsch, unter Mitwirkung von Alois Bursy, Mathias Köhler, Winfried Korf, Sabine Oszmer, Peter Seyfried und Mario Titze: Landkreis Quedlinburg. Teilband 1: Stadt Quedlinburg. Fliegenkopf, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-910147-67-4, S. 202.

Kulturdenkmal in Quedlinburg
Fachwerkhaus in Quedlinburg
Wohngebäude in Quedlinburg
Erbaut im 18. Jahrhundert
Amelungstraße (Quedlinburg)
Oeringer Straße (Quedlinburg)

Oeringer Straße 10 (Quedlinburg)


Miska (egentlig Michael) Hauser (født 1822 i Pressburg, død 9. december 1887 i Wien) var en østrigsk violinvirtuos.

Hauser, der var elev af Kreutzer, Mayseder og Sechter i Wien, foretog fra 1840 vidtstrakte koncertrejser, ikke alene gennem hele Europa — han optrådte vinteren 1843—44 i København 3 gange på det kongelige Teater og ved flere koncerter og besøgte samtidig Norge og Sverige — men også i Amerika, Australien, på Sydhavsøerne, i Ægypten og så videre. Ved sin virtuose teknik og et indsmigrende, smeltende foredrag fejrede han store triumfer. Hans violinkompositioner, bravurstykker og små Lieder ohne Worte stod i sin tid i høj kurs, navnlig hos dilettanter. Sine rejseerindringer samlede han i Wanderbuch eines oesterreichischen Virtuosen (2 bind, Leipzig 1858—59).

Kilder

Violinister fra Østrig
Klassiske violinister
Østrigere i 1800-tallet
Personer fra Bratislava

Miska Hauser


Émile Jaques-Dalcroze (Viena, 6 de julio de 1865 –  Ginebra, 1 de julio de 1950) fue un compositor, músico y educador musical suizo que desarrolló la rítmica Dalcroze, un método de aprendizaje y de experimentar la música a través del movimiento. La influencia de la rítmica puede ser vista en la pedagogía del Método Orff, común en la educación musical en escuelas públicas de los Estados Unidos.

Realizó estudios de piano en el Conservatorio de Ginebra, luego parte a París para estudiar música con Gabriel Fauré y arte dramático con Talbolt; vuelve a Viena a estudiar con Anton Bruckner, pero en la primavera de 1889 está de regreso en París.

El Método Dalcroze involucra el enseñar conceptos musicales a través del movimiento. Una variedad de movimientos son usados para conceptos musicales, para desarrollar un sentido integrado y natural de la expresión musical. El Método Dalcroze consiste de tres elementos igualmente importantes: eurítmica (o rítmica), solfeo, e improvisación. Juntos, de acuerdo a Dalcroze, comprenden el entrenamiento musical esencial de un músico completo. En una aproximación ideal, los elementos de cada uno de esos temas se unen, resultando en una aproximación a la enseñanza con raíces en la creatividad y el movimiento. El estudio del método constituye una preparación para una carrera pedagógica "por y para el ritmo", siendo los temas de estudio la música y todos sus elementos, así como un conocimiento profundo de la ciencia del movimiento y del desarrollo de las facultades emotivas e imaginativas. La disciplina se va adaptando y dirigiendo progresivamente según las facultades y capacidades de los alumnos.

A pesar de ser un método musical, su influencia se dejó sentir en corrientes como el Expresionismo alemán, y en figuras como Mary Wiggman, Jaques Copeau o Rudolf von Laban, entroncando directamente con uno de los fundamentos del teatro, como es el desarrollo de las capacidades de imaginación y expresión de las emociones.

Dalcroze comenzó su carrera como un pedagogo en el Conservatorio de Música de Ginebra en 1892, donde él enseñó armonía y solfeo. Fue en sus cursos de solfeo que comenzó a probar muchas de su influencias e ideas pedagógicas revolucionarias. Entre 1903 y 1910, Dalcroze comenzó a dar presentaciones públicas de su método. En 1910, con la ayuda del industrial alemán Wolf Dohrn, Dalcroze fundó una escuela en Hellerau, en las afueras de Dresde, dedicada a la enseñanza de su método. En Hellerau enseñó a mucha gente, entre ellos al príncipe Serge Wolkonsky, Vera Alvang (Griner), Valeria Cratina, Jelle Troelstra (hijo de Pieter Jelles Troelstra), Inga y Ragna Jacobi, Albert Jeanneret (hermano de Le Corbusier), Marie Rambert, y Placido de Montelio. Con el inicio de la Primera Guerra Mundial en 1914, la escuela fue abandonada.

Entre sus composiciones figuran un Nocturno para violín y orquesta y dos conciertos para violín, en n.º 1 en do y el n.º 2 Poème.

Obra pedagógica

 Ciento sesenta y cuatro marchas rítmicas para una voz con acompañamiento de piano (2 Volúmenes) (1906)
 Método Dalcroze (1913 - 1923)
 _ Tomo I. Gimnasia rítmica
 _ Tomo II. Estudio del ritmo musical
 _ Tomo III. La escala y la tonalidad
 _ Tomo IV. El intervalo y los acordes
 _ Tomo V. La improvisación y el acompañamiento al piano-forte
 El ritmo, la música y la educación (1920)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 (en francés) Instituto Jaques-Dalcroze Ginebra
 (en francés) Instituto Jaques-Dalcroze Bélgica

Compositores de Suiza
Musicólogos de Suiza
Profesores de música de Suiza
Nacidos en Viena
Fallecidos en Ginebra

Émile Jaques-Dalcroze


Xian (eða Xi'an eða Sian) (kínverska: 西安; rómönskun: Xī'ān) er höfuðborg Shaanxi héraðs í norðvesturhluta Alþýðulýðveldisins Kína. Borgin er í suður-miðhluta héraðsins, við suðurmörk hinnar skjólsælu Guanzhong hásléttu. Borgin er byggð á lágsléttum í frjósömum dal við suðurbakka Wei-fljótsins, skammt vestan ármótanna við Gulafljót. Xian ("Vestur friður") er afar mikilvæg í sögu Kína, bæði sem höfuðborg nokkurra fornra ríkja og sem markaðs- og viðskiptamiðstöð. Hún var austurendi Silkivegarins, hinnar fornu verslunarleiðar sem tengdi Kína við Miðjarðarhafið. Árið 2020 þegar síðasta manntal Kína var framkvæmt bjuggu í borgkjarna Xian 10.258.464 manna, en á stórborgarsvæðinu undir lögsögu borgarinnar voru íbúar 12.952.907.

Með byggð allt til nýsteinaldar er Xian ein af elstu borgum Kína. Hún er elsta höfuðborg héraðsins og ein af fjórum stóru fornu höfuðborgunum í kínverskri sögu. Stöðu sinni hélt borgin undir nokkrum af mikilvægustu valdaættum í sögu Kínverja, þar á meðal Vestur Zhou, Qinveldisins, Vesturhluta Hanveldsins, Suiveldisins, og loks Tangveldisins. Eftir fall Tangveldisins hnignaði borgin þótt hún héldi stöðu sinni sem borg viðskipta í Mið-Asíu. Á valdatíma Mingveldisins (1368–1644) fékk borgin núverandi heiti, Xian (sem þýðir "Vestur friður"). Borgin náði sér fyrst á strik aftur á 20. öld.

Saga

Þéttbýlismyndun á sér langa sögu á því sem svæði sem Xian er í dag. Byggð frá nýsteinöld uppgötvaðist árið 1953 í austurjaðri borgarinnar. Þar eru minjar nokkurra vel skipulagðra steinsteyptra bygginga í þorpi sem fengið hefur nafnið Banpo. Þær eru taldar vera um 6.500 ára gamlar.

Xian varð menningarleg og pólitísk miðstöð Kína á 11. öld f.Kr. með stofnun Zhou veldisins. Höfuðborg þess var suðvestur af Xian nútímans í tveimur byggðunum, Fengjing og Haojing, sem saman voru þekktar sem Fenghao.

Þegar Qinveldið (221–206 f.Kr.) sameinaði loks Kína varð höfuðborg þess Xianyang, staðsett rétt norðvestur af Xian nútímans. Fyrsti keisari Kína, Qin Shi Huang, fyrirskipaði byggingu eigin grafhýsis og hins fræga leirhers rétt austan við Xian. Þar voru grafnar á áttunda þúsund leirstyttur í líkamsstærð, hermenn, hestar og vagnar, ætlaðar til verndar hin óttaslegna keisara eftir dauðann. Leirherinn er nú á Heimsminjaskrá UNESCO.

Árið 202 f.Kr. stofnaði Liu Bang, fyrsti keisari Hanveldsins (206 f.Kr. - 220 e.Kr.), höfuðborgina Chang'an handan árinnar frá rústum höfuðborgar Qinveldisins. Chang'an borg var ein af stærstu borgum fornaldar. Tveimur öldum síðar var höfuðborgin flutt til þess sem nú er Henan hérað.

Í nokkrar aldir, á miklum óróatíma kínverskrar sögu, dalaði vægi Chang'an borgar, en hún þjónaði þó stuttlega (311–316 e.Kr.) sem höfuðborg Jinveldisins (266–420). Um tíma var Chang'an höfuðborg nokkurra smáríkja og Norður Wei ættarveldisins (534–535). Þá varð Chang'an að höfuðborg Sui veldisins (581–618).

Sem höfuðborg Tangveldisins (618–907) var Chang'an borg stækkuð verulega og varð ein glæsilegasta borg heims. Eftir fall Tangveldisins og þess óróa sem fylgdi í kjölfarið, hélt borgin stöðu sinni sem borg viðskipta í Mið-Asíu.

Nýtt nafn á borginni, Xian ("Vestur friður"), sem tekið var upp árið 1369 eftir að Mingveldið (1368–1644) var stofnað (en hafði flutt höfuðstaðinn til Nanjing borgar).

Upp úr 1920 varð Xian borgin mikilvæg miðstöð hugmyndafræði kommúnisma innfluttum frá Sovétríkjunum.

Atvinnuvegir

Xian er staðsett í frjósömu dal Wei-fljótsins og í nágrenni við skjólsæla Guanzhong-sléttuna þar sem hveiti, bómull og te er ræktað. Borg er miðstöð þessa mikilvæga búskaparsvæðis.

Upp úr upp úr miðjum fimmta áratug síðustu aldar lögðu kínversk stjórnvöld mikla fjármuni til iðnaðaruppbyggingar Xian og síðan þá hefur borgin verið ein af helstu iðnborgum landsins. Þróuð hefur verið málmvinnsla, efnavinnsla, byggingartækni og vinnsla á unnum matvörum. Síðari þróun hefur beinst að uppbyggingu iðnaðar með vefnaðarvöru, raftækja og rafeindatækni. Þá hefur í borginni verið byggð rannsóknaraðstaða og framleiðsla fyrir geimiðnað Kína.

Vegna margra sögulegra minja borgarinnar og fornra rústa og grafhvelfinga í nágrenninu hefur ferðaþjónusta orðið mjög mikilvægur þáttur í borgarhagkerfinu, enda Xian einn vinsælasti ferðamannastaður Kína.

Samgöngur

Staðsetning Xian í miðhluta landsins hefur gert borgina að miðstöð járnbrauta- og þjóðvega. Austur-vestur Longhai járnbrautarlínan, sem liggur í gegnum borgina, nær frá Bóhaíhafi og Gulahafi meðfram ströndinni til Gansu, Xinjiang og landa Mið-Asíu í vestri.  Nýja Xian Norður járnbrautarstöðin, sem er rétt fyrir norðan borgina þjónustar háhraðalestir sem fara á allt að 350 km/klst. hraða milli Xian og Zhengzhou í Henan.

Þétt þjóðveganet tengir Xian við aðrar borgir innan Shaanxi, sem og borgir í nálægum héruðum, og hraðbrautir tengja Xian við aðrar stórborgir á svæðinu.

Xian Xianyang alþjóðaflugvöllurinn, norðvestur af Xian, þjónustar flestar meginborgir Kína auk fjölda erlendra áfangastaða.

Háskólar og vísindi

Xian er mikilvæg háskóla- og vísindaborg í Kína, sérstaklega á sviði náms og rannsókna í raunvísindum. Alls eru meira en 30 háskólar og framhaldsskólar í og við borgina. Þekktasti skólinn er Xian Jiaotong háskólinn, Norðvestur-fjöltækniháskólinn, Tækniháskóli Xian, Læknaskóli borgarinnar, Xian háskólinn í byggingarlist og tækni, og Xidian háskólinn (rafeinda- og upplýsingatækni).

Tenglar

 Kínversk (og ensk) vefsíða borgarstjórnar Xian . Inniheldur ýmsar upplýsingar um héraðið t.d. fréttir, skipulag, og ferðaþjónustu.
 Ensk vefsíða Encyclopaedia Britannica um Xian borg.

Heimildir

Tilvísanir

Borgir í Kína

Xian


Daisuke Miyakawa (født 6. oktober 1979) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Cerezo Osaka, Thespa Kusatsu, Giravanz Kitakyushu og SC Sagamihara.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Daisuke Miyakawa


تشير حقوق الشباب  إلى فلسفات تهدف إلى تحسين وضع الحقوق المدنية للشباب. إنها بمثابة رد فعل على الظلم المحيق بالشباب، والحد من رهاب الشباب، وازدراء الشباب، والتمييز العمري، ومناهضة ذلك بأشكال متعددة.

تسعى حركة حقوق الشباب إلى منح الحقوق المحجوزة للبالغين إلى الشباب، بسبب وصولهم إلى عمر أو نضج معين. هذه الحركة مشابهة لفكرة حقوق الأطفال، ولكن تختلف حركة حقوق الشباب عن حركة حقوق الأطفال في ان حركة حقوق الأطفال تركز على رفاهية وحماية الأطفال من خلال أفعال وقرارات البالغون، في حين تسعى حركة حقوق الشباب إلى منح الشباب الحرية في إتخاذ قراراتهم بنفس الطريقة التي يقوم بها البالغون، أو إلى خفض الحد الأدنى للعمر القانوني الذي يمنح هذه الحقوق، مثل عمر البلوغ وعمر التصويت.

ازدادت حقوق الشباب في القرن الماضي في العديد من الدول. تسعى حركات حقوق الشباب إلى زيادة حقوق الشباب، وتؤيد بعضها الإنصاف العالمي.

حقوق الشباب هي جانب واحد حول كيفية التعامل مع الشباب في المجتمع. تتضمن الجوانب الأخرى كيفية معاملة الشباب من قبل البالغون، ومقدار انفتاح المجتمع لمشاركة الشباب.

تاريخيًا
ظهرت الحركة لأول مرة كحركة مستقلة في ثلاثينات القرن العشرون، ارتبطت حقوق الشاب بالحقوق المدنية والمساواة ما بين الأجيال. تعود جذورها إلى الناشطون الشباب خلال فترة الكساد الكبير، أثرت حركة حقوق الشباب على حركات الحقوق المدنية، الحركة المعارضة لحرب فيتنام، وحركات عديدة أخرى. وبعد ظهور حركة حقوق الشباب على الإنترنت تمكنت من اكتساب هيمنتها من جديد.

التخطيئية والفروقات الفردية
تؤيد بعض حركات حقوق الشباب استخدام حجة التخطيئية ضد المعتقد القائل بان الآخرون قادرون على معرفة ما هو جيد أو سيء للفرد، وتنتقد حركة حقوق الأطفال افتراضها ان المشرعون، الآباء، السلطات وما إلى ذلك يعلمون ما هو جيد لمصلحة الطفل. يقول هؤلاء المفكرون ان القدرة على تصحيح ما يعتقده الآخرون حول رفاهية الفرد بصورة خاطئة تشكل عتبة ذهنية غير تعسفية يمكن للفرد ان يتحدث بها عن نفسه بشكل مستقل عن الافتراضات الخارجية، الذي يقابل الحد الأدنى من عمر التشريع. ينتقدون كذلك التفويض المطلق للتعاريف التعسفية للنضج في قوانين حقوق الأطفال.

غالبًا ما يدعم وجهات النظر هذه الأشخاص المؤمنون بالتطور العقلي التدريجي والذي يستخدم كحجة لضرورة التعاريف التعسفية مثل سن البلوغ الذي يعتبروه أمر جائر (حيث انه قمعهم الآن أو سابقًا، بالاعتماد على العمر والقوانين). يميل هؤلاء المفكرون إلى الاعتقاد بان الأفراد المختلفون يصلون إلى العمر الحرج هذا في وقت مختلف إلى حد ما مع ما لا يزيد عن واحد في 356، أي فرصة تزامنه مع عيد الميلاد، وان الفرق الواضح في المعاملة موجود بين الأفراد بين الولايات القضائية. بصورة عامة، ان أهمية الحكم على الأفراد بناءًا على تصرفاتهم بدلًا من تاريخ الميلاد من قبل دعاة هذا الإدعاء.

حقوق الشباب
تغطي حقوق الأطفال جميع الحقوق المنتمية إلى الأطفال، وعندما تزداد أعمارهم يتم إعطاءهم حقوق جديدة (مثل التصويت، القبول، القيادة، الخ). هنالك حدود عمرية مختلفة لا يكون فيها الشباب أحرارًا أو مستقلين أو مؤهلين قانونيًا بما يكفي لإتخاذ قرارات معينة. بعض الحقوق والمسؤوليات التي تأتي مع تقدم العمر هي:

 سن الاقتراع
 سن الترشيح
 سن البلوغ
 سن المسؤولية الجنائية
 السن القانوني لاستهلاك الخمر
 سن القيادة
 سن العمل القانوني
 الحق في العمل
 حقوق الطلاب في الدراسة
 حق اقتراع الشباب

بعدما يصل الشباب إلى هذه الحدود سيحق لهم التصويت، القيام بعلاقات جنسية، شراء وتناول الكحول أو قيادة السيارات.

الحركة
حركة حقوق الشباب، والتي تعرف أيضًا بتحرير الشباب، هي حركة ناشئة هدفها محاربة التمييز على أساس العمر والحقوق المدنية للشباب - هؤلاء الذين "تحت سن البلوغ"، والذي يكون 18 في أغلب الدول. يبدو انها محاولة لمحاربة رهاب الأطفال ورهاب المراهقين في المجتمع عن طريق تعزيز صوت الشباب، تقوية الشباب وفي النهاية، العدالة الدولية عن طريق التعاون ما بين البالغون والشباب. يميز مؤيدوا حركة حقوق الشباب أنفسهم عن حركة حقوق الأطفال، التي يقولون انها غالبًا ما تكون مقيدة للأطفال والشباب، والتي يتهمونها بالأبوية، رهاب الأطفال، والكراهية. يشيرون إلى الفروقات الموجودة بين حركة حرية الشباب في السبعينات وحقوق الأطفال كتلك الموجودة في Children's Defense Fund.

انظر أيضا
 نشاط طلابي
 شباب
 مراعاة المنظور الشبابي
 مشاركة شبابية
 تاريخ عمل الشباب
 دراسات الشباب

المراجع

حقوق الإنسان
فلسفة

حقوق الشباب


Rödersdorf ist ein Gemeindeteil der Gemeinde Gebsattel im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geographie
Einen halben Kilometer südwestlich des Dorfs befindet sich der Teufelsstein (). Im Ort entspringt der Rödersdorfer Graben. Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Faulenberg zur Kreisstraße AN 7 (2,6 km südlich) bzw. zur AN 33 bei Gebsattel (2,5 km nordwestlich). Eine weitere Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Pleikartshof (0,8 km östlich).

Geschichte
Im Geographischen Lexikon von 1801 wird der Ort folgendermaßen beschrieben: "Rödersdorf, Rothenburgischer Weiler, anderthalb Stunden von der Stadt innerhalb der Landheeg gegen Leutershausen gelegen, von 13 Gemeindrechten. Der Ort war ehedessen nach Kirnberg, jetzt ist er nach Gebsattel eingepfarrt. Die Gefälle (jura stolae) theilen daher noch heutiges Tags der Pfarrer von Gebsattel und der lutherische von Kürnberg miteinander. Die Lehensherrschaft ist Comburg. Schutz, Schirm und Fraisch hat Rothenburg."

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jahrhundert) wurde Rödersdorf dem Steuerdistrikt und der Ruralgemeinde Gebsattel zugewiesen.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist römisch-katholisch geprägt und nach St. Laurentius (Gebsattel) gepfarrt. Die Protestanten sind nach St. Maria und Michael (Kirnberg) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Gebsattel)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Dorf

Rödersdorf (Gebsattel)


A Comunhão Batista Bíblica Internacional () é uma denominação cristã evangélica de igrejas batistas. A sede está localizada em Springfield (Missouri).

História
A associação foi fundada em uma reunião em  Fort Worth em 1950 por um grupo de 100 pastores da World Baptist Fellowship que discordam da autoridade direção do líder.   Naquele mesmo ano, o Baptist Bible College e a sede da organização foram estabelecidos em Springfield, Missouri. Ela estabeleceu várias igrejas bíblicas batistas  fundamentalistas ao redor do mundo.  Em 2000, tinha 4.500 igrejas e 1.200.000 membros.  De acordo com um censo da denominação divulgado em 2020, ela disse que tinha 4.000 igrejas nos Estados Unidos e presença em 80 países.

Crenças
Ela tem uma confissão de fé  batista.  Suas crenças fazem parte do atual  fundamentalista.

Ver também
 Bíblia
 Novo nascimento
 Culto (Evangelicalismo)
 Jesus Cristo
 Igreja de crentes

Ligações externas
 Site Oficial

Denominações batistas

Comunhão Batista Bíblica Internacional


Organul lui Corti este situat în canalul cohleei (parte a urechii interne), fiind responsabil de auz.

Organul lui Corti conține celule senzoriale care sunt dotate la suprafața lor cu cili care se scaldă într-un lichid, endolimfa.
Cili preiau mișcarea undelor de lichid provocate de sunete și o transformă în fenomene electrice care se propagă la celulele nervoase.

Anatomia capului și gâtului
Ureche

Organul lui Corti


Count Alexandre de Marenches (7 June 19212 June 1995) was a French military officer, a director of the SDECE French external intelligence services (6 November 1970 – 12 June 1981), special advisor to US President Ronald Reagan, and a member of the Academy of Morocco.

Family
He was the son of Captain Charles-Constant-Marie de Marenches, a French aristocrat from a very old family of knights of Norman origin, an aide-de-camp to Marshal Ferdinand Foch and, together with Aldebert de Chambrun a representative of Marshal Philippe Pétain to General John J. Pershing. His mother, Margaret Clark Lestrade, (7 May 1881 New York3 May 1968 Paris) was a US citizen of distant French descent.

Early life
In his youth, Marenches met many of the Allied leaders of World War I, including Marshal Foch and General Pershing. Marshal Petain was a witness at his parents' wedding. In 1939, as Count de Marenches, he joined the cavalry of the army and entered the field of intelligence by informing his relatives and contacts in the US of German activities in France im 1940. He narrowly escaped arrest by the Gestapo in 1942 by crossing the Pyrenees on foot and making his way to Algiers. He joined the French resistance there and played a distinguished role in the Italian Campaign. Wounded at the Battle of Monte Cassino, he became aide-de-camp to General Alphonse Juin, the commander of the French forces in Italy (1943 — July 1944). There, Marenches helped coordinate the US military, the French expeditionary corps, and the eventual successful Allied advance into Rome.

After the war, he ventured into industry but remained in the Army Reserve and ultimately reached the rank of colonel. In 1962, he resigned in protest to President Charles de Gaulle's policy in Algeria.

Appointment by Pompidou
He was eventually chosen to head the French intelligence services by French President Georges Pompidou mainly because of Marenches's perceived independence and integrity. Pompidou was aware that factions in the intelligence services had been circulating defamatory rumours for the last six months of de Gaulle's presidency on his wife and himself. Other rumours alleged Pompidou's involvement with the film star Alain Delon, whose bodyguard had been found murdered in September 1968.

Some agents had taken the opportunity to smear Pompidou in revenge taking very firm action against some of their colleagues involved in the kidnapping of Ben Barka, the leader of the Moroccan opposition in 1965. Marenches was brought in to clear up the factions. The fact that Marenches had been close to de Gaulle's former comrade-in-arms, Alphonse Juin, may have also played a role in the original choice.

In 1970, he was installed as head of the SDECE, the forerunner of the current DGSE. He deliberately carried out Pompidou's instruction to clean up the service and was indifferent to any protests on his actions. A natural activist, he began to travel and to meet with other governments to pursue the interests of France in different parts of the world.

Under Giscard d'Estaing
He had such authority that when Giscard d'Estaing succeeded Pompidou as president in 1974, Marenches kept his position for 11 years. Tellingly, when Pompidou died, and the key to his personal safe was deemed lost, Marenches was found to be in possession of another one. In chapter 7 ("Serving Two Masters") of his autobiography and in The Fourth World War, Marenches says that Pompidou's safe in
Elysee Palace was opened by one of the Secret Services' safecrackers only after Marenches had summoned Pompidou's son and his chef du cabinet as witnesses to its contents. Op. cit. at 147.

Under Giscard d'Estaing, Marenches tried to awaken interest in the former Portuguese colonies in Africa, and when Giscard d'Estaing protested that they were a long way away, he answered, "Yes, but they are getting nearer". Like many others in the intelligence community, Marenches resented Giscard d'Estaing's lack of concern about the communist threat and, more generally, about Giscard's deliberate ignorance that "History is tragic".

Achievements
It is difficult to assess Marenches's achievements. Some believed that while he was one of the busiest figures on the intelligence circuit, some of his pronouncements (such as those on the Soviet Union) were based on slander. Others noted how he successfully cultivated his contacts in the Middle East, pushed the sales of Dassault Mirage fighters, and helped to establish a relationship with Iraq that persisted. In Africa, sometimes working with the old Gaullist emissary Jacques Foccart and sometimes behaving as his rival, Marenches strengthened France's traditional strongholds.

He co-founded the Safari Club, a "private intelligence group [which was] one of George H. W. Bush's many end runs around congressional oversight of the American intelligence establishment and the locus of many of the worst features of the mammoth BCCI scandal." The Club involved a number of states, including Saudi Arabia (which financed the operations), Morocco, Egypt and Iran, and was intended to counter Soviet operations in the Middle East and Africa.

An interlocutor with many heads of state in the world and a close friend of King Hassan II of Morocco, he was elected member of the Academy of Morocco. After the election of Ronald Reagan to the presidency of the United States, he would have become, according to the American journalist Colley, one of his closest advisers doing business in Afghanistan.

Im Dans le secret des princes, he states he was asked by an American journalist, who was a distant relative, where he could go in the world to write an article on an important geopolitical situation that was almost unknown. Marenches proposes several places. The journalist answers that he wanted one place. Marenches chooses randomly Afghanistan, because of the threat of a Soviet invasion. The journalist asked US National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski if Afghanistan could be an interesting place to write. Brzezinski said that it was not an interesting place. The journalist left for Kabul, "arriving in the same time as the Soviet tanks did", just a coincidence.

Marenches also conceived Operation Mosquito. In a meeting with Reagan at the White House, he suggested for the Drug Enforcement Administration to take all the drugs confiscated and supply them covertly to the Soviet Army in Afghanistan. In a few months, he explained, it would be demoralized, and its fighting ability would be gone. Marenches added, according to his published memoirs, that a few trusted people could do all that at a cost of approximately a million dollars.

Marenches also told Reagan that the United States controlled only four of the eight strategic raw materials and that the Soviets controlled all of them.

Édouard Balladur knew Marenches well from when they were both working closely with Pompidou. When Balladur was prime minister, he was due to preside over a medal-awarding ceremony. He was suddenly unable to attend and so asked Marenches to take his place. That was a serious mark of Balladur's respect and friendship.

At 6'4" and heavily built, he was called Porthos in reference to the character in  The Three Musketeers. Charismatic and colourful, he was popular for his valour and patriotism.

Resignation
After the French Socialist Party came to power in 1981, Marenches resigned that year because of the presence of French Communist Party in the government. He disapproved of the new organization of security. He was particularly scathing about the fiasco of the Rainbow Warrior, but he accepted a seat on the Constitutional Council.

Publication
In 1986, along with journalist Christine Ockrent, he co-authored a book, Dans le secret des princes ("In the Princes' Secret", published in English as The Evil Empire: Third World War Continues) about his days working in secret services. Claims were made on concealed archives with evidence of collaboration with Germans by figures of the French Resistance during the French Occupation.

In 1988, he published in French an Atlas géopolitique.

In 1992, along with David A. Andelman, he co-authored The Fourth World War: Diplomacy and Espionage in the Age of Terrorism, a book in which he predicted the rise of terrorism as a new form of warfare. The book became popular following the September 11 attacks.

See also
Michel Roussin, Alexandre de Marenches' chief of staff

References

1921 births
1995 deaths
French military personnel of World War II
Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
Knights of Malta
Member of the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco
Military personnel from Paris

Alexandre de Marenches


Aceasta este o listă de filme britanice din 1929:

Lista

Note

Legături externe
 Filme britanice din 1929 la Internet Movie Database

Vezi și
1929 în Marea Britanie
1929 în film
1929 în televiziune

 *Listă
britanice
Liste de filme britanice

Listă de filme britanice din 1929


Jules Sylvain Zeller (23 April 1820 – 25 July 1900) was a 19th-century French historian.

Life
Born in Paris, Zeller became professor of History at the Faculté de Lettres at Aix-en-Provence in 1854. He became teacher at the École normale supérieure in Paris and lecturer at the Académie de Paris at Sorbonne in 1858, professor at École polytechnique (after Victor Duruy) in 1863, and was 1876 appointed Inspector General over Higher Education. He was elected a Member of the Académie des Sciences morales et politiques (section d'Histoire) of the Institut de France in 1874 after Jules Michelet. He died in Paris.

His son was the historian Berthold Zeller (1848–1899).

Publications
Ulrich de Hutten, sa vie, ses œuvres, son époque. Histoire du temps de la Réforme (1849)
Histoire de l'Italie depuis l'invasion des barbares jusqu'à nos jours (1853)
Épisodes de l'histoire d'Italie. Les Vêpres siciliennes, Nicolas Rienzi, la prise de Rome par le connétable de Bourbon, Masaniello et le duc de Guise (1856)
Les Empereurs romains, caractères et portraits historiques (1862)
Abrégé de l'histoire d'Italie depuis la chute de l'Empire romain jusqu'en 1864 (1865) Text online
Entretiens sur l'histoire, Antiquité et Moyen âge (2 volumes, 1865)
Entretiens sur l'histoire du XVIe siècle. Italie et Renaissance (1868)
Histoire d'Allemagne (7 volumes, 1872-1891)
Les Tribuns et les révolutions en Italie : Jean de Procida, Arnaud de Brescia, Nicolas Rienzi, Michel Lando, Masaniello (1874) Text online
Pie IX et Victor-Emmanuel, histoire contemporaine de l'Italie, 1846-1878 (1879)
François Ier (1882)
Henri IV (1882)
Italie et Renaissance : politique, lettres, arts (1882-1883)
Louis XI (1884)
Histoire résumée d'Italie, depuis la chute de l'Empire romain jusqu'à la fondation du royaume italien, à la mort de Pie IX et de Victor-Emmanuel II (1886)
Histoire résumée de l'Allemagne et de l'Empire germanique, leurs institutions au Moyen âge (1889)
Editor 1860-1853 of L'année historique.

References

External links

Books by Zeller

1820 births
1900 deaths
Writers from Paris
French medievalists
19th-century French historians
French scholars of Roman history
Academic staff of the University of Paris
Academic staff of École Polytechnique
Members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
French male non-fiction writers
19th-century French male writers

Jules Sylvain Zeller


ويليس هافيلاند كارير (26 نوفمبر 1876 - 7 أكتوبر 1950) ، هو مهندس ومخترع، ويعرف بأنه الرجل الذي قام باختراع تكييف الهواء الحديث، فقد اخترع أول وحدة تكييف هواء كهربائية في العام 1902. وفي العام 1915 قام بتأسيس شركة كاريير ، وهي شركة متخصصة في تصنيع وتوزيع أنظمة التدفئة والتهوية وتكييف الهواء.

اختراعاته

طور كارير طريقة لقياس قدرة أنظمة التدفئة، وعين مديرًا لقسم هندسة الاختبارات في الشركة. وبعمر 25، اخترع أول اختراعاته المهمة، وهو نظام لضبط الحرارة والرطوبة في شركة (Sackett-Wilhelms) للطباعة والنشر في بروكلين. كانت الشركة غير قادرة على طباعة أحد الألوان بشكل جيد في ذلك الوقت بسبب تأثير الحرارة والرطوبة على الورق والحبر. استلم كارير عام 1906 براءة اختراع لهذه الطريقة. واستمر في العمل في مجالات التبريد الأخرى.

عمله ومهنته

في بوفالو نيويورك وفي 17 يوليو 1902، استجاب كاريير لمشكلة جودة الهواء التي واجهتها شركة ساكيت ويلهيلمز (Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing) للطباعة الحجرية والنشر في بروكلين، قدم كاريير رسومات لما أصبح معروفًا بأنه أول نظام تكييف هواء حديث في العالم. تعتبر سنة 1902 هي سنة ولادة أجهزة التكييف الحديثة بسبب إضافة خاصية التحكم في الرطوبة، مما أدى إلى اعتراف السلطات في هذا المجال بأن مكيف الهواء يجب أن يؤدي أربع وظائف أساسية:

 التحكم في درجة الحرارة
 السيطرة على الرطوبة
 السيطرة على دوران الهواء والتهوية
 تطهير الهواء

بعد عدة سنوات أخرى من التحسين والاختبار الميداني وفي 2 يناير 1906، منحت الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية كاريير براءة الاختراع رقم 808897 لجهاز معالجة الهواء، وهو أول معدات تكييف الهواء من نوع الرش في العالم. تم تصميمه لترطيب أو إزالة الرطوبة من الهواء.

وفي عام 1906 اكتشف كاريير أن «الانحدار المستمر لنقطة الندى يوفر رطوبة نسبية ثابتة تقريبًا»، والتي أصبحت معروفة فيما بعد بين مهندسي تكييف الهواء باسم «قانون الانحدار الثابت لنقطة الندى». بناءً على هذا الاكتشاف أعتمد كارييرعلى تصميم نظام التحكم التلقائي، وقدم دعوى براءة اختراع للتصميم في 17 مايو 1907. ثم تم إصدار براءة الاختراع الأمريكية رقم 1085971 في 3 فبراير 1914.

في 3 ديسمبر 1911، قدم كاريير ما يعتبره أهم وثيقة تم إعدادها على الإطلاق حول تكييف الهواء في الاجتماع السنوي للجمعية الأمريكية للمهندسين الميكانيكيين. ربطت هذه الوثيقة بين مفاهيم الرطوبة النسبية والرطوبة المطلقة ودرجة حرارة نقطة الندى، مما يجعل من الممكن تصميم أنظمة تكييف الهواء لتناسب المتطلبات بدقة.

تأسيس الشركة

أبطأ الكساد الاقتصادي 1930 الاستخدام السكني والتجاري لمكيف الهواء. لقد أعطى الكوخ القطبي الذي عرضه كارير في المعرض العالمي في عام 1939 فكرة عن مستقبل تكييف الهواء، ولكنه قبل أن يصبح شعبيًا، بدأت الحرب العالمية الثانية.

نقل كارير شركته إلى نيويورك في عام 1930، وأصبحت شركته واحدة من أكبر أرباب المهنة في قلب نيويورك. وفي عام 1930 بدأ أعماله في كوريا الجنوبية وفي اليابان بافتتاحه شركة تطبيقات تويو كارير وسامسونج (Toyo Carrier and Samsung Applications). كوريا الجنوبية الآن هي أكبر أسواق مكيفات الهواء في العالم. ولقد كانت هذه الشركة رائدة في مجال تبريد المساحات الكبيرة. وقد كان تكييف الهواء ثورة في الحياة الأمريكية وخصوصًا بعد زيادة الإنتاج الصناعي في أشهر الصيف. وإدخال تكييف الهواء السكني في عام 1920 ساعد على بداية هجرة كبيرة نحو المناطق الحارة. في عام 2000 باعت شركة كارير أكثر من 8 مليارات دولار ووظفت 45000 موظف.

حياة شخصية

دفن كل من كارير وزوجاته الثلاثة (كلير سيمور، والتي توفيت سنة 1912؛ جيني مارتن، والتي توفيت سنة 1939؛ اليزابيث مارش وايز، والتي توفيت سنة 1964) في مقبرة فورست لون في بوفالو، نيويورك. لقد انجب 3 اولاد وانتمى ويليس كارير إلى الكنيسة المشيخية والحزب الجمهوري.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 ويليس كارير، «الأب» لتكييف الهواء

أشخاص من أنغولا (نيويورك)
أشخاص من بوفالو (نيويورك)
تأسيسات سنة 1915 في نيوجيرسي
تدفئة وتكييف
تقنيات سيارات
خريجو كلية الهندسة في جامعة كورنويل
دي ويت (نيويورك)
شركات تصنيع التدفئة والتهوية وتكييف الهواء
شركات تصنيع أسست في 1915
شركات تصنيع مقرها في سيراكيوز (نيويورك)
شركات تصنيع مقرها في كونيتيكت
شركات تقع في مقاطعة هارتفورد
شركة يونايتد تكنولوجيز
علماء مسيحيون
فارمنغتون (كونيتيكت)
مخترعون أمريكيون
مخترعون أمريكيون في القرن 20
مدفونون في مقبرة فورست لون
مشيخيون أمريكيون
مهندسو ميكانيك أمريكيون
مواقع استجابة بيئية شاملة في تينيسي
مواليد 1876
مواليد في أنغولا (نيويورك)
وفيات 1950
وفيات في نيويورك

ويليس كارير


Renaud Pierre Manuel Séchan (; born 11 May 1952 in Paris), known as Renaud, is a French singer-songwriter.

With twenty-six albums to his credit, selling nearly twenty million copies, he is one of France's most popular singers. Several of his songs are popular classics in France, including the sea tale "Dès que le vent soufflera", the irreverent "Laisse béton", the ballad "Morgane de toi" and the nostalgic "Mistral gagnant". His songs, with their slang lyrics and idiosyncratic Parisian phrasing, deal with both light and serious themes, alternating humor, emotion, and social criticism.

Although he enjoyed great success in France in the 70s, 80s and 90s, his career took a roller-coaster ride thereafter, with the singer regularly falling victim to depression and alcoholism, ailments he recounts in various songs. His work remains little known outside the French-speaking world.

He also appeared in several films, including Claude Berri's adaptation of Germinal in 1993.

Although his political stance has provoked controversy, he has nicknamed himself "le chanteur énervant" (the irritating singer), due to his many commitments to causes such as human rights, ecology, and anti-militarism, which are frequently reflected in his songs.

Career

Early work
Fresh out of school, Renaud was determined to become an actor. By chance he met the actor Patrick Dewaere and was invited to join the company of the comedy theatre Café de la Gare, which had recently been founded by Patrick Dewaere, Coluche, and Miou-Miou.

His early work is characterized by a volatile temperament, innovative use of French, and edgy, dark, leftist social and political themes. Raised in an educated milieu, the son of an intellectual, Renaud adopted the looks and attitude of working-class youth in the 1970s, and reflected this in his lyrics. A recurrent theme is his disgust for the average French person with petit-bourgeois preoccupations and right-wing leanings (see beauf).
His music focuses on the disparity between classes, the abuse of political power, overbearing authority and disgust for the military and the police, with rare glimpses of tenderness for his fellow humans, the planet earth, and art.

Middle period
In 1985, in a concert in Moscow, in what was an orchestrated gesture, roughly one third of the spectators upped and left the concert hall when he sang the anti-militarist "Déserteur". In the late 1980s and the 1990s, Renaud's work was distinguished by "softer" subjects such as his then-wife Dominique, his daughter Lolita and his friends, as well as comedian and singer Coluche for whom he wrote the tribute "Putain de camion" ("Bloody Lorry") after Coluche's death in a road accident. He has also ventured into regional music and language, such as the language of Marseille in La Belle de Mai, the north with Renaud cante el' Nord and even Corsican polyphonics in "Lolito lolita".

In 1992, he financially helped resurrect the defunct satirical weekly Charlie Hebdo and wrote a column titled Renaud bille en tête for a couple of years.  His column appeared again in 1995–1996, retitled Envoyé spécial chez moi. In 2006, he published Les Bobos, as a satire on the Parisian lower bourgeoisie.

In 1993, he also played the leading part of Étienne Lantier in the film  Germinal directed by Claude Berri.

Resurgence
After an unproductive period marked by alcoholism, he made a significant comeback with his 2002 album Boucan d'enfer. That album's hit was "Manhattan-Kaboul", a duo with Axelle Red which tackled current issues by drawing a parallel between a victim of the 9-11 attacks in New York and an Afghan girl, both caught up in a war they don't understand.

In 2009 Renaud released Molly Malone – Balade irlandaise, an album of Irish ballads. Produced by ex-Boomtown Rats bassist Pete Briquette, the album was commercially successful (certified double-platinum in just over a month) but the singer's feeble, often out-of-tune vocals caused some negative reviews.

In 2014, a collective of 15 artists released a tribute album containing 14 tracks covers of his songs under the title La Bande à Renaud.

On 26 January 2016, on his website, Renaud released "Toujours debout", the first track from his new studio album yet to be released. On the same day, he announced on the French public radio station France Inter the title of his new studio album: Toujours debout. The video "Toujours debout" was released on 26 February 2016. On 8 April 2016, Renaud released a studio album, Toujours debout but oddly sold under the simple title Renaud.

Personal life
Renaud was born at 03:30 in the 15th arrondissement of Paris, ten minutes after his brother David. His mother chose the name Renaud because her mother and grandmother would sing La complainte du Roi Renaud (The Lament of King Renaud) to her, and she found it so sad that she would cry each time she heard it.

His father Olivier Séchan, born to a Protestant Languedoc family from the Cévennes and Montpellier, was a novelist and children's writer. He taught German in a secondary school in Paris.  The director Edmond Séchan is his uncle.
His grandfather was the scholar and Hellenist Louis Séchan, who taught at the Sorbonne. His ancestors were pastors. His mother is the daughter of a coalminer from the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region. Renaud dedicated part of his work to his familial roots, singing traditional songs in the regional Picard language and playing the part of Étienne Lantier in Germinal, a film based on the famous Émile Zola novel.

He is the sixth of eight children born to his father. He has two brothers: David, his fraternal twin, and the writer Thierry Sechan, as well as two sisters. He also has two half-sisters and a half-brother, children of his father and his first wife.

During his childhood, Renaud lived in the 14th arrondissement of Paris with his paternal grandparents in a building reserved for teachers by the RIVP. Among seven people, they shared two rooms. Soon his family was able to move to a large apartment, with his father being a teacher and his grandfather being a celebrated academic.

Between ten and twelve years old, he wrote novels on his father's typewriter and discovered Yé-yé and the Beatles.

In August 2005, Renaud married Romane Serda, the mother of his son Malone. In 2007, he announced to the press his intention to move his family to London, citing a love for British society and expressing disillusionment at the current state of France. In 2009 Renaud's daughter, writer Lolita Séchan, married French acoustic singer-songwriter Renan Luce.

In September 2011, Romane divorced Renaud on the account of his alcoholism and depression.

Discography

Studio albums

Live albums
 1980: Bobino (Polydor)
 1981: Le P'tit bal du samedi soir et autres chansons réalistes (Polydor)
 1982: Un Olympia pour moi tout seul (Polydor)
 1989: Visage pâle rencontrer public (Virgin)

Compilations

Singles
(Selective)

Film
 Germinal (1993) as Étienne Lantier
 Crime Spree (2003) as Zéro

Awards
 1993: Traditional music album of the year award for "Renaud cante el' Nord"
 2001: Lifetime achievement award
 2003: Three awards given for: Album of the Year, Artist of the Year, and Song of the Year (for Manhattan-Kaboul with Axelle Red)

See also
 La Bande à Renaud

References

External links

 Biography of Renaud, from Radio France Internationale

1952 births
Living people
Male actors from Paris
French activists
French male film actors
French male singers
French Protestants
French satirists
Lycée Montaigne (Paris) alumni
Café de la Gare
French male singer-songwriters
French singer-songwriters

Renaud


Joe Roth (* 13. Juli 1948 in New York City) ist ein US-amerikanischer Filmregisseur, Filmproduzent und ehemaliger Vorstandsvorsitzender von 20th Century Fox (1989–1993) und den Walt Disney Studios (1994–2000).

Leben
Joe Roth wurde als Sohn von Lawrence Roth, einem Vorarbeiter einer Plastikfabrik, geboren. 1959 assistierte er seinem Vater, den Versuch der American Civil Liberties Union zu unterstützen, das Gebet an öffentlichen Schulen zu untersagen. Der Klage wurde 1962 vom Obersten Gerichtshof der Vereinigten Staaten stattgegeben und das öffentliche Gebet als verfassungswidrig eingestuft. Der Fall ist unter dem Namen Engel v. Vitale bekannt geworden.

Joe Roth ist mit der Produzentin Donna Roth verheiratet, wodurch er der Schwager des Produzenten Lou Arkoff und der Schwiegersohn des verstorbenen Filmproduzenten Samuel Z. Arkoff ist.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1985: Traffic School – Die Blech- und Dachschaden-Kompanie (Moving Violations)
 1986: Die Legende vom schwarzen Fluß (Where the River Runs Black)
 1986: Streets of Gold
 1987: Die Supertrottel (Revenge of the Nerds II: Nerds in Paradise)
 1987: Kid Kane (P.K. and the Kid)
 1988: Young Guns
 1989: Skin Deep – Männer haben's auch nicht leicht (Skin Deep)
 1990: Blaze of Glory – Flammender Ruhm (Young Guns II)
 1990: Fremde Schatten (Pacific Heights)
 1990: Wild Boys (Coupe de Ville)
 1993: Die drei Musketiere (The Three Musketeers)
 1994: Angels – Engel gibt es wirklich! (Angels in the Outfield)
 1995: Der Hausfreund (Houseguest)
 1994: Mister Cool (A Low Down Dirty Shame)
 1995: Pecos Bill – Ein unglaubliches Abenteuer im Wilden Westen (Tall Tale)
 1995: Pfundskerle (Heavy Weights)
 2001: America's Sweethearts
 2004: Die Vergessenen (The Forgotten)
 2004: Verrückte Weihnachten (Christmas with the Kranks)
 2006: Das Gesicht der Wahrheit (Freedomland)
 2006: Little Man
 2007: The Great Debaters
 2008: Hellboy – Die goldene Armee (Hellboy II: The Golden Army)
 2010: Alice im Wunderland (Alice in Wonderland)
 2010: Knight and Day
 2012: Snow White and the Huntsman
 2013: Die fantastische Welt von Oz (Oz the Great and Powerful)
 2014: Sabotage
 2014: Den Himmel gibt's echt (Heaven Is for Real)
 2014: Million Dollar Arm
 2014: Maleficent – Die dunkle Fee (Maleficent)
 2015: Im Herzen der See (In the Heart of the Sea)
 2016: Himmelskind (Miracles from Heaven)
 2016: The Huntsman & The Ice Queen (The Huntsman: Winter's War)
 2016: Alice im Wunderland: Hinter den Spiegeln
 2017: xXx: Die Rückkehr des Xander Cage (xXx: Return of Xander Cage)
 2019: Maleficent: Mächte der Finsternis (Maleficent: Mistress of Evil)
 2020: Die fantastische Reise des Dr. Dolittle (Dolittle)
 2021: The United States vs. Billie Holiday
 2021: Fast & Furious 9 (F9)
 2022: The Gray Man
 2022: The School for Good and Evil

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmproduzent
Filmregisseur
Person (Seattle Sounders)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1948
Mann

Joe Roth


Pfuma Yedu er en kortfilm instrueret af Stephen Chigorimbo, Søren Kloch efter deres fælles manuskript.

Handling
Steven Marula forlader sin landsby og familie. Han har været med til at fælde træer og set nøden blive større og større i det udpinte landskab. Nu vil han tjene penge på at arbejde i minerne og vende tilbage, når han igen er en holden mand. Men minen lukker, og Steven må igen søge nye veje. Skal han søge lykken i byen eller livet på landet? »Pfuma yedu« fortæller i fiktionens form om realistiske problemer i dagens Zimbabwe, om nyt og gammelt, om land og by, om liv og kærlighed.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1993

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Zimbabwe

Pfuma Yedu


Maciu Dunadamu (14 de junio de 1986) es un futbolista fiyiano que juega como delantero.

Carrera

Debutó en 2006 en el Labasa FC, y sus buenas actuaciones hicieron que, en 2011, el Hekari United de Papúa Nueva Guinea lo fichara. En 2013 regresó a Fiyi para firmar con el Ba FC. En 2014 pasó al Labasa FC y en 2015 al Suva FC.

Clubes

Selección nacional
Con  ganó la medalla de plata en los Juegos del Pacífico Sur 2007, además de disputar la Copa de las Naciones de la OFC 2012.

Referencias
Dunadamu en transfermarkt

Futbolistas de Fiyi
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-23 de Fiyi
Futbolistas de Fiyi en la Copa de las Naciones de la OFC 2012
Futbolistas del Lautoka Football Club
Futbolistas del Hekari United Football Club
Futbolistas del Ba Football Association
Futbolistas del Labasa Football Club
Futbolistas del Suva Football Club

Maciu Dunadamu


Oamenii din Peștera Căprioara Roșie este numele dat mai multor fosile din genul Homo, care datează de acum 11.500 - 14.500 de ani în urmă, descoperite în China în peștera Căprioara Roșie, provincia Yunnan și în peștera Longlin, provincia Guangxi.

Fosilele prezintă un amestec de caracteristici arhaice și moderne și se crede că reprezentă o supraviețuire tardivă a unei specii umane arhaice, sau a unei populații hibride de hominin Denisovan și oameni moderni sau doar "oameni moderni timpurii robuști, probabil cu afinități cu melanesienii moderni".

Săpăturile au arătat că mai multe căprioare mari roșii au fost consumate în peștera Maludong.

Descoperire și datare

În 1979, craniul parțial aparținând genului Homo a fost descoperit în Peștera Longlin din regiunea Guangxi, China. Rămășițe umane suplimentare au fost excavate din Maludong ("Peștera Căprioara Roșie"; ), provincia Yunnan, în 1989.

În 2012, fosilele din Peștera Căprioara Roșie au fost indirect datate cu radiocarbon între 14.300 și 12.600 de ani în urmă, folosind cărbune găsit în depozitele fosile. Fosila unică de la Longlin a fost datată la 11.500 de ani în urmă (vârsta medie calibrată 11.510 ± 255 95% CI).

Anatomie
În ciuda vârstei lor relativ recente, fosilele prezintă caracteristici umane arhaice. Locuitorii din Peștera Căprioara Roșie aveau trăsături distinctive care diferă de oamenii moderni: fața plată, nasul larg, maxilarul împins în față lipsit de bărbiile oamenilor moderni, molari mari, sprâncene proeminente, oasele craniului groase și creier cu dimensiuni moderate. Tomografiile cu raze X au demonstrat că aveau lobii frontali foarte asemănători cu cei ai oamenilor moderni, însă lobii parietali au o structură arhaică. Ca și alți oameni pre-moderni, mărimea corpului lor era mică, cu o masă estimată la 50 kg.

Clasificare
Experții sunt reticenți în clasificarea oamenilor din Peștera Căprioara Roșie drept o nouă specie. S-ar putea să reprezinte o linie umană arhaică necunoscută sau să fie rezultatul împerecherii dintre Denisovani și oamenii moderni, sau o populație umană complet anatomic modernă, cu fiziologie neobișnuită. Cercetările arată că oamenii din Peștera Căprioara Roșie seamănă cu mai multe linii arhaice precum Homo erectus sau Homo habilis. Încercările de a izola ADN-ul din fosile nu au avut succes.

Note

Legături externe

 Defining 'human' – new fossils provide more questions than answers (article by Darren Curnoe in The Conversation, March 15, 2012)
 Enigma Man: A Stone Age Mystery (Aired by ABC TV on Tuesday 24 June 2014, 8:30pm)
 Human Timeline (Interactive) – National Museum of Natural History (August 2016).

Paleolitic
Specii timpurii de Homo
1979 în știință

Oamenii din Peștera Căprioara Roșie


Bensheim () is a town in the Bergstraße district in southern Hessen, Germany. Bensheim lies on the Bergstraße and at the edge of the Odenwald mountains while at the same time having an open view over the Rhine plain. With about 40,000 inhabitants (2016), it is the district's biggest town.

Geography

Location
The town lies at the eastern edge of the Rhine rift on the slopes of the western Odenwald on the Bergstraße. The nearest major cities are Darmstadt (some  to the north), Heidelberg (some  to the south), Worms (some  to the west) and Mannheim (some  to the southwest). The district seat of Heppenheim lies roughly  to the south.

The Lauter flows through Bensheim, coming from the Lauter valley from the east, which after it passes through Bensheim is known as the Winkelbach. In the south of town runs the Meerbach, also coming from the Odenwald (but from the Zell valley). Mostly channelled underground and only coming above ground at the western edge of town is the Neuer Graben, or "New Channel", which branches off the Lauter.

Neighbouring communities
Bensheim borders in the north on the town of Zwingenberg and the communities of Alsbach-Hähnlein und Seeheim-Jugenheim (both in Darmstadt-Dieburg), in the east on the community of Lautertal, in the south on the town of Heppenheim and in the west on the town of Lorsch and the community of Einhausen.

Constituent communities

Bensheim is roughly subdivided thus:
 The main town east of the railway line (old town and outskirts) with many modern town expansion developments (for example the neighbourhoods of Brunnenweg, Metzendorf, Griesel, Meerbach and Hemsberg);
 The Weststadt ("West Town") west of the railway line (for example the neighbourhoods of Port Arthur, Marokko, Leibweh and Kappesgärten);
 The outlying centre of Auerbach to the north of the main town on the Bergstraße;
 The outlying centres of Hochstädten, Schönberg, Wilmshausen, Gronau and Zell in the nearer Odenwald valleys;
 The outlying centres of Langwaden, Fehlheim and Schwanheim in the Hessisches Ried (part of the Rhine rift in Hesse).

Climate

Bensheim is especially well known, like other places along the Bergstraße as well, for its particularly mild and sunny climate with roughly 2,000 hours of sunshine yearly and Germany's earliest onset of spring. Under the Odenwald's protection, kiwifruit, almonds, figs and peaches thrive here, giving the Bergstraße the nickname "Germany's Riviera".

The town of Bensheim fosters almond tree cultivation, to name one example, in people's front gardens. Each year in Bensheim, there is even a Blütenkönigin ("Blossom Queen"). She is put forth every year by the Bensheim Automobile Club and for decades has been Bensheim's hallmark both within the country and abroad.

History
Bensheim has grown out of a village that had its first documentary mention in the 8th century. In the 14th century, Bensheim was granted town rights. On 26 March 1945, much of the Old Town was destroyed by incendiary bombs.

Settlement history
The South Hesse area was settled quite early on. The many finds from archaeological digs stretch back to the time of the Linear Pottery and Corded Ware cultures (roughly 2500 to 1500 BC), peoples who raised crops and livestock.

Middle Ages

In 765, Basinsheim had its first documentary mention in the Lorsch Abbey's Codex Laureshamensis. Its founding may go back to a knight named Basinus, who received the rights to found a settlement.

The name changed from Basinsheim to Basinusheim and then to Besensheim, finally becoming Bensheim. Noteworthy is that town rights were granted early on by Emperor Otto I on 5 March 956. It can be inferred from the document text that Otto I, on the occasion of his stay in Frankfurt am Main, with his wife Adelheid's intervention, awarded the Lorsch Abbey's oldest market privilege. The concept, called publicae mercationes in the original, indicates the community, where public buying and selling was allowed. It still cannot be assumed that this led to a regular yearly or weekly market. Great parts of the town were destroyed in the siege of 1301 by King Albrecht I.

When Friedrich II enfeoffed the territory of the now derelict Lorsch Imperial Abbey to Archbishop Siegfried III of Eppstein, Bensheim became part of the Electorate of Mainz's domains and likely received town rights only a few decades later, which is, however, only proved by a certificate issued in 1320.

Early modern times

In today's outlying centres of Auerbach and Schönberg, Bensheim borders on what were the Upper County – "Upper" here refers to geography, not rank – of the Counts of Katzenelnbogen and domains of the Schenken of Erbach. When the Katzenelnbogens died out in 1479, the Landgraviate of Hesse became a neighbour to the north. In 1532, the Erbachs were raised to counts and the County of Erbach became a neighbour to the east.

In the time of the pledging to the counts palatine of the Rhine from 1461 to 1650, Bensheim experienced a boom, but as a Palatinate town, however, it was embroiled in the Bavarian-Palatine war of succession in 1504, and for eleven days was unsuccessfully besieged by the Landgrave of Hesse, who was charged with the execution of the ban of the Empire, and his confederates, the Dukes Henry of Brunswick and Henry of Mecklenburg. From this year, two yearly markets and one weekly can be established; a third yearly market came in 1619.

With the introduction of the Reformation in the Landgraviate of Hesse in 1526 and in the County of Erbach in 1544, Bensheim got not only a territorial border with these neighbours, but also a denominational one.

The Thirty Years' War put an end to all the positive developments mentioned above. On 20 November 1644, Bensheim was occupied by French and Swedish troops, who were driven out again on 2 December by Bavarian units. Later, the legend of the Fraa vun Bensem arose (the "woman from Bensheim" is said to have led the Bavarians into town through a secret route). In 1650, after just under 200 years of being pledged to the Electorate of the Palatinate, Bensheim was once again redeemed by the Archbishopric of Mainz.

Modern times

By the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in 1803, Bensheim passed to the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, who joined the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806 and was raised to Grand Duke. In 1822, there was a great fire in which 16 buildings were destroyed and 15 others were heavily damaged.

Bensheim became the seat of the Landratsbezirk (an administrative region) of Bensheim in the province of Starkenburg, which in 1832 was merged with the Landratsbezirk of Heppenheim to form the district of Bensheim (Kreis Bensheim) with Bensheim as its seat.

In 1918, the Grand Duke was removed and out of the Grand Duchy of Hesse the People's State of Hesse was formed. On 1 November 1938, the districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were merged into one district, Kreis Bergstraße with Heppenheim as its seat. To offset Bensheim's loss of the status of district seat, the town got the district leadership of the Nazi Party.

During Kristallnacht on 9 November 1938, the synagogue was destroyed, while the one in Auerbach survived. In 1939, Auerbach, Schönberg and Zell were amalgamated, raising the population to just under 16,500. In Auerbach, a subcamp of Natzweiler-Struthof Concentration Camp was built.

On 24 March 1945, twelve people were taken to the Kirchberg (mountain) where they were murdered by the Gestapo. Two days later, on 26 March 1945, Saint George's Parish Church, the Town Hall and parts of the Old Town were destroyed by incendiary bombs. On 27 March, the town was occupied by United States troops. As the U.S. Army Counter Intelligence Corps agent, Henry Kissinger was the most important representative of the occupying power, after the official town commander.

In 1945, Bensheim passed to the newly formed state of Hesse.

After the Second World War ended in 1945, a displaced persons camp was established in Bensheim, first for Polish former forced labourers, later for Jewish displaced persons. The camp was dissolved in 1949.

In 1971, the population rose to some 34,000 with the amalgamation of Langwaden, Schwanheim, Fehlheim, Hochstädten, Gronau and Wilmshausen.

From 1859 to 1987 on the Nibelungenstraße towards Schönberg stood the Guntrum Bräu Bensheim brewery. In 1979, the brewery was taken over by Binding Bier Mainz, and then closed and torn down in 1987. Today, the former premises are home to a number of houses.

Politics

Town council

The municipal election held on 27 March 2011 yielded the following results:

The Magistrat (roughly "town executive") is made up of nine councillors and the mayor Rolf Richter (CDU). The two full-time councillors are Helmut Sachwitz (CDU) and Adil Oyan (Grüne Liste Bensheim). The other seats are shared among the CDU (3), the SPD (1), the Grüne Liste Bensheim (2) and the FWG (1).

Mayors
When the Municipal Order of the Grand Duchy of Hesse came into force on 30 June 1821, Bensheim citizens were allowed to choose their mayor.

 1822–1825: Philipp Meißel
 1825–1837: Philipp Werle
 1837–1840: Adam Fertig
 1840–1857: Johannes Traupel
 1857–1859: Joseph August Hainz
 1860–1870: Franz Heinz
 1871–1902: Aloys van Gries
 1902–1912: Ignaz Frenay
 1913–1922: Karl Löslein
 1922–1933: Rudolf Angermeier
 1933–1934: Heinrich Nachtigall
 1934–1938: Georg Brückmann
 1938–1945: Ernst Missler
 1945–1945: Theodor Kräge
 1945–1946: Willy Klapproth
 1946–1954: Joseph Treffert, CDU
 1954–1972: Wilhelm Kilian, CDU
 1972–2002: Georg Stolle, CDU
 2002–2014: Thorsten Herrmann, CDU
 2014–2020: Rolf Richter, CDU
 2020–incumbent: Christine Klein

Coat of arms
The town's arms might be described thus: Gules a knight with kontos, held in both hands, and armour Or astride a steed salient argent, the whole sinister, below which a dragon statant reguardant sinister vert, the knight's kontos thrust through it.

The German blazon says that the kontos, or lance, is golden, and that the dragon is green, although the achievement shown here, whose source is the town administration itself, shows different tinctures for these two charges.

The red field refers to the Mainz coat of arms, as the town was owned by the Bishopric of Mainz until 1802. The knight slaying the dragon represents Saint George, who was said in earlier times to have been Bensheim's patron saint.

Town partnerships
  Beaune, Côte-d'Or, France, since 1960
  Amersham, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom, since 1977
  Mohács, Baranya County, Hungary, since 1987
  Riva del Garda, Trentino, Italy, since 1989
  Kłodzko, Lower Silesia, Poland, since 1996
  Hostinné, Hradec Králové Region, Czech Republic, since 2002

Moreover, some outlying centres have their own separate partnerships.

Sponsorship
On 29 April 1956, a Patenschaft (roughly, "sponsorship") was set up for Sudeten Germans driven out of the town of Arnau (now Hostinné in the Czech Republic) on the Elbe in the Hohenelbe district.

Culture and sightseeing

Theatre

The Parktheater was built in 1968 and is a linchpin in offering various cultural activities. Besides the municipal programme of plays, freelance producers, clubs and schools bring a multifaceted programme in the fields of spoken theatre, musical theatre and dance theatre. From October 1998 to December 1999, the Parktheater was optically, technologically and artistically made over from the ground up and now shines in new splendour.

Furthermore, Bensheim also has the PiPaPo Theater (cabaret), the Vornerum Theater, the Varieté Pegasus and the Autorenkollektiv Laufkundschaft.

Museums

Besides the Museum der Stadt Bensheim (municipal museum), there is also the old synagogue in Auerbach which nowadays houses a museum.

Music
The Bensheim Music School was founded in 1979. By taking part in various contests, the students at this municipal music school regularly find themselves among the prizewinners at both the state and national level. Many ensembles promote the music school's community spirit.

Buildings (secular)
Bensheim, along with all its outlying centres has all together 557 cultural monuments. The following is a selection of the town's most important buildings:
 Alte Faktorei, Mainz cathedral chapter's former factory (in the sense of "commercial outpost")
 Alte Gerberei (Old Tannery), from 1873
 Bismarckturm (tower), from 1902, on the Hemsberg (262 m)
 Dalberger Hof, former noble estate
 "Luginsland" (Blaues Türmchen or Eckturm [tower]) on the Höhenweg above Baßmannpark, built in 1910
 Hohenecker Hof, former noble estate from 1756
 Kirchberghäuschen (220 m), built in 1849, dedicated in 1857
 Metzendorf-Villen (villas)
 Rinnentorturm (tower), from the 13th or 14th century
 Rodensteiner Hof, stately home with park
 Roter Turm, watchtower from the old town wall, from the 13th century
 Walderdorffer Hof, southern Hesse's oldest timber-frame house, built in 1395
 Wambolter Hof, former noble estate from about 1732/33

The Landgraves of Hesse once used the Fürstenlager near Bensheim-Auerbach as a spa. It is an artistic combination of simple buildings clustered like a village around the Good Well in the middle of a picturesque landscaped park. Like many territorial overlords of their day, its owners sought the peace of a rural idyll far removed from the pomp and circumstance of court.

Buildings (ecclesiastical)
 Saint George's Parish Church (Pfarrkirche St. Georg), from 1830
 Saint Joseph's Hospital Church (Hospitalkirche St. Joseph), from the 14th century
 Saint Crescentius's Graveyard Church (Friedhofskirche St. Crescens), from 1618
 Saint Michael's Church (Michaelskirche), from 1863
 Saint Lawrence's Catholic Parish Church (Katholische Pfarrkirche St. Laurentius), from 1965

All the above churches are Catholic, except Saint Michael's, which is Evangelical.

All 557 cultural monuments are listed in the Liste der Kulturdenkmäler in Bensheim.

Sport
Nationally known is the HSG Bensheim/Auerbach women's handball team, which plays in the 2. Handball-Bundesliga (Frauen).

Bensheim and its outlying centres are also home to many other sport clubs.

Denominational Institute
Since 1947, Bensheim has been home to the Evangelical Federation's Konfessionskundliches Institut ("Denominational Institute"), Europe's biggest ecumenical institute. It was housed at Wolfgang-Sucker-Haus from 1947 to 1967 and also has been once again since November 2007.

Youth culture
Bensheim has many offerings for children up to 14 years old, with, for example, a new youth centre, opened on 26 January 2006 offering ample possibilities, busying itself with this. The old, bigger youth centre on Wilhelmstraße was then closed. For youths, there is relatively little on offer. However, work has begun on the new Skate/BMX-park, on the same site where the old one was. The park was promoted and planned by youths themselves.

Bandsheim ("Band Home") has afforded the youth music scene an outlet that regularly hosts "newcomer" concerts in Bensheim. Besides Bandsheim there is also an outlet in Party-Bensheim, which offers a venue for youths to get to know each other, have discussions and make arrangements. Both these outlets were founded by youths themselves.

Bensheim does host an "unofficial" youth club. Since the early 1980s there has been "McSlobos", an inn that had its beginnings in the "Germania-Hof", which has now been torn down. With many live concerts by famous local bands and the guests' active engagement in political issues, this inn has grown into an attraction for many youths.

Nevertheless, many youths feel left out, as they must pay for all leisure activities. Hence there has also been for some time the will to create a self-administering youth centre. To this end, various action groups and campaigns have been started, such as, for example SKJuz, a "promotional club for a self-administering culture and youth centre in Bensheim", and the action group BürgerMaiStar.

In 2010 about 50 young people from the region occupied a derelict army complex in order to establish a self-organised youth centre. However, the occupation was broken up by police several hours after it had begun.

As a follow-up to the SKJuz club the JUKUZ Bensheim e.V. was formed, which is still actively promoting the idea of a self-administered, self-organised youth centre.

Regular events
The nationally known Bergsträßer Winzerfest ("Bergstraße Vintners' Festival") is held every first week in September throughout the inner town. The festival, which begins on the Saturday, lasts nine days. On the first Sunday there is a great festive parade, and on the second Saturday, fireworks are lit on the Kirchberg. The first Bergsträßer Winzerfest was held from 19 to 22 October 1929. Even at this first festival there were a festive parade and fireworks on the Kirchberg. Bensheim is in an area where wine grapes are grown extensively.

The Bürgerfest ("Citizens' Festival"), which was introduced on the occasion of the opening of the pedestrian precinct in 1975, has been regularly celebrated in early summer since 1977. Great popularity is enjoyed by the Auerbacher Bachgassenfest, an outdoor gastronomical event put on by those who live on the Bachgasse ("Brook Lane") in Auerbach, first held in 1987. Since 1986, in memory of Gertrud Eysoldt, a German actress and director, the Gertrud-Eysoldt-Ring, one of Germany's most important theatrical prizes, has been awarded yearly.

Since 2003, the Maiway has been held every year. This is a gastronomical festival at which many pubs in Bensheim have musical groups perform.

Culinary specialities
Bensheim has Zwewwelkuche à la Fraa vun Bensem ("onion cake à la woman from Bensheim"). The first word is a local form of the German Zwiebelkuchen, and the woman is the one mentioned under History (see above).

Economy and infrastructure

Established businesses
Bensheim is part of the economically strong Rhine Neckar Area and is together with various neighbouring towns and communities (among others, Heppenheim, Lorsch and Lautertal) identified as a middle centre in South Hesse regional planning.

The town has in its favour good economic data – even in relation to the Rhine Neckar Area's as a whole – above-average employment figures and an especially high proportion of graduates in the resident population's above-average buying power.

Sirona Dental Systems GmbH has its head office in Bensheim. The enterprise is the district's biggest employer and produces goods and services for dentists. Kern GmbH manufactures enveloping systems for banks, insurance companies, telecommunications businesses and information technology service providers and is also headquartered in Bensheim. Offering services to pharmaceutical businesses is Cegedim Deutschland GmbH, which also has its head office in Bensheim. Furthermore, there are the electronics firm Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH, SAP AG, which is active in the information technology field, the Institut für Organisationskommunikation (IFOK) and HTV GmbH, which tests and programs semiconductors for manufacturers from almost all fields of electronics. Also, the auto manufacturer Suzuki International Europe GmbH is headquartered in Bensheim. The cars in the company's national television advertising bear registrations beginning with "HP" (Heppenheim/Kreis Bergstraße) for this reason, which is seldom otherwise seen in this context. Deutsche Papier Vertriebs GmbH, which belongs to PaperlinX, runs, as a nationally active paper wholesaler, one of Germany's most modern high-bay warehouses. GGEW, a service-providing business for electricity, natural gas and drinking water, has its head office in Bensheim.

Media
Local happenings are reported in Bensheim and the surrounding area are reported by the Bergsträßer Anzeiger, a newspaper belonging to the Mannheimer Morgen publishing group. The paper's address is Rodensteinstraße 6 and it is published from Monday to Saturday.

Transport

Bensheim lies at the crossroads of federal highways B 3 and B 47. Through the town's west end runs Autobahn A 5, from which Bensheim can be reached by two exits: in the north the Zwingenberg – Bensheim-Auerbach exit, and in the south the Bensheim exit. A few kilometres farther west, running parallel to the A 5, is the A 67, when Bensheim can be reached through the Lorsch exit.

From Bensheim station, the town is linked to the German InterCity network by the Frankfurt am Main–Heidelberg line. The station is also the end of the Nibelungen Railway from Worms to Bensheim. The outlying centre of Auerbach has its own station, Bensheim-Auerbach, on the Frankfurt-Heidelberg line, but only Regionalbahn trains stop there.

Frankfurt Airport lies just under  away by road, north of Bensheim. There is a gliderport at Bensheim for gliders, motor gliders and other, smaller aircraft, managed by a nonprofit gliding club (SFG Bensheim).

Education
Bensheim is a school town, with five Gymnasien: the Altes Kurfürstliches Gymnasium, the Geschwister-Scholl-Schule (coöperative comprehensive school with Gymnasium upper level), the Goethe-Gymnasium Bensheim (Gymnasium from class 5 with Gymnasium upper level), the Karl-Kübel-Schule (commercial schools with Gymnasium for economics, technology and health) and the Liebfrauenschule (private Catholic Gymnasium for girls). The town also has the Schillerschule, which is a primary school, Hauptschule and Realschule.

Offering adult education are the Volkshochschule Bensheim and the Frauen- und Familienzentrum Bensheim, with about 2,000 participants each year the biggest family meeting place in Kreis Bergstraße.

Primary schools
 Grundschule Kappesgärten
 Hemsbergschule
 Joseph-Heckler Schule
 Kirchbergschule
 Schloßbergschule

Primary school/Hauptschule/Realschule
 Schillerschule

Cooperative comprehensive school
 Geschwister Scholl Schule

Vocational schools
 Berufsbildungszentrum
 Heinrich-Metzendorf-Schule

Advisory and advocacy centres
 Behindertenhilfe Bergstraße GmbH (help for the handicapped)
 Schule für Lernhilfe (school for help with learning)
 Seebergschule für praktisch Bildbare (practically educable)

Notable people

 Jakob Adam (1568–1618), reformed preacher and minister (in Bensheim 1598 to 1603)
 Gerhard Beetz (1918–2005), General secretary of the Evangelical Federation
 Hermann von Beisler (1790–1859), Bavarian military officer and politician
 Nicolai Borger (born 1974), writer, director and actor
 Sir William Curtius (1599–1678), 1st Curtius Baronet of Sweden, FRS, diplomat
 Moritz Edelmann (1891–1973), National Socialist historical didactic
 Friedrich von Eichheimer (1764–1854), Bavarian military physician and Surgeon General of the Bavarian army
 Wilhelm Euler (1847–1934), paper manufacturer, member of the Landtag, patron and member of the city council of Bensheim
 Friedrich Wilhelm Euler (1908–1995), archivist, genealogist and endowment founder
 Elsa Fraenkel (1892–1975), sculptor
 Steffen Gebhardt (born 1981), pentathlete
 Leo Grewenig (1898–1991), painter, student of Kandinsky and Klee
 Willi Harwerth (1894–1982), graphic artist and illustrator
 Eduard Haßloch (1887–1944), businessman, journalist and Bensheim local poet
 Joseph Heckler (1786–1857), Grand Duchy of Hesse collector, "homeland researcher" (Heimatforscher)
 Heinz Jost (1904–1964), SS-Brigadeführer, major general of the police, Amtschef in the SD-Hauptamt Amt III (Abwehr), Chief of RSHA-Amt VI
 Karl Ernst Knodt (1856–1917), poet
 Paul Kleinschmidt (1883–1949), painter
 Michael Klemm (born 1953), author, director and actor
 Josefine Koebe (born 1988), social democratic politician and economist
 Karl Kunkel (1913–2012), Catholic theologian
 Klaus Kübler (1936–2007) Member of the Bundestag (SPD)
 Father Dirk Kranz (born 1969), Catholic priest
 Matthias Lorenz (born 1964), classical cellist
 Hugo Lindemann (1867–1949), college teacher and social democratic politician
 Michael Meister (born 1961), Member of the Bundestag (CDU)
 Georg Metzendorf (1874–1934), architect
 Franz Heinrich Metzendorf (1866–1923), architect, "Building Master of the Bergstraße"
 Marcus Morlinghaus (born 1965), German actor, author and director
 Norbert Müller-Everling (born 1953), sculptor
 Arthur von Oettingen (1836–1920), Baltic-German physicist, musical theorist and biographer
 Wilhelm Ringelband (1921–1981), theatre critic, endower of the Gertrud-Eysoldt-Ring
 Joseph Stoll (1879–1956), local poet, "homeland researcher", cofounder of the Bensheimer Winzerfest, NSDAP local politician
 Bernhard Trares (born 1965), footballer and football trainer
 Heinrich Werlé (1887–1955), choir director and music critic
 Otto-Werner Mueller (born 1926), conductor and musical educator
 Wilhelm Weyrauch (1914–2003), regional history researcher, municipal politician

Twin towns – sister cities

Bensheim is twinned with:

 Amersham, England, United Kingdom
 Beaune, France
 Hostinné, Czech Republic
 Kłodzko, Poland
 Mohács, Hungary
 Riva del Garda, Italy

References

Further reading
 Joseph Stoll: Bensheimer Idiotikon, Eine Sammlung von Wörtern und Ausdrücken der Bensheimer Mundart mit Nachweisungen ihres Ursprungs und lokalgeschichtlichen Anmerkungen. Museumsverein Bensheim 1984, .
 Diether Blüm: Bensheimer Schulhäuser im Wandel der Jahrhunderte. Verlag Bergsträßer Anzeiger, Bensheim 1992.
 Diether Blüm: Adelsfamilien im alten Bensheim. K+G Verlag GmbH, Bensheim 1995.
 Rudolf Köster und Wilhelm Weyrauch: Ältere Flurnamen von Bensheim und seinen Stadtteilen bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Hrsg. v. Museumsverein Bensheim in Verbindung mit der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Geschichts- und Heimatvereine im Kreis Bergstraße, Sonderband 17 in der Reihe der Geschichtsblätter Kreis Bergstraße, Verlag Laurissa Lorsch [1995],
 Rudolf Köster: Die Namen der Bensheimer Straßen, Wege, Plätze und Passagen von A–Z erläutert. Museumsverein Bensheim, 1996, .
 Manfred Berg: Bensheim – Die Reihe Archivbilder. Sutton-Verlag GmbH, Erfurt 1998, .
 Dorothea Schües: Der korrupte Kommerzienrat [Johann Maria Schlinck, Bürger und Stadtrat in Bensheim] Ein Zeitbild um 1800. R. G. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2002, .
 Manfred Berg: Bensheim erleben – Ein Führer zu den historischen Sehenswürdigkeiten. Edition Diesbach, Weinheim 2002, .
 Wilhelm Weyrauch: Das frühe Bensheim - Vorträge und Aufsätze zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Stadt - mit zahlreichen historischen Abbildungen. VVB Laufersweiler Verlag, Gießen 2004.
 Rudolf Köster: Bensheimer Familiennamen. Hrsg. v. Museumsverein Bensheim in Verbindung mit der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Geschichts- und Heimatvereine im Kreis Bergstraße, Sonderband 23 in der Reihe der Geschichtsblätter Kreis Bergstraße, Verlag Laurissa Lorsch 2004, .
 Manfred Berg: Bensheim entdecken - Ein Malbuch für Schulkinder. Eigenverlag Berg, Bensheim 2005, .
 Geschichtswerkstatt Geschwister Scholl (Hrsg.) unter Leitung v. Schäfer, Franz Josef und Lotz, Peter: Jakob Kindinger - Ein politisches Leben. Druckhaus Diesbach GmbH, Weinheim 2006, .
 Reiner Maaß und Manfred Berg (Hrsg.): Bensheim – Spuren der Geschichte. EditionDiesbach, Weinheim 2006, ,
 Diether Blüm: Wenn Steine erzählen könnten... Verlag der Wochenzeitung "Der Bensemer"

External links

 Hesse state castles and gardens
 Fürstenlager Auerbach
 Displaced persons camp in Bensheim after the Second World War

Bergstraße (district)
Grand Duchy of Hesse
Displaced persons camps in the aftermath of World War II

Bensheim


Hasankoca, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Pazarcık ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Kahramanmaraş iline 50 km, Pazarcık ilçesine 4.5 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Pazarcık'ın mahalleleri

Hasankoca, Pazarcık


A65 or A-65 may refer to:

 A65 road (England), a major road in England
 A65 motorway (France), a major road in France
 A65 motorway (Germany), a road connecting Kandel and Wörth am Rhein
 A65 motorway (Netherlands)
 A65 motorway (Spain)
 Benoni Defense, in the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings
 BSA A65 Rocket, a motorcycle made by BSA

A65


جون أندرسون  ، من مواليد 7 نوفمبر 1959 ، لاعب كرة قدم إيرلندي سابق.

لعب مع منتخب إيرلندا لكرة القدم.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1988
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو كرة قدم أيرلنديون
لاعبو كرة قدم من دبلن
لاعبو منتخب جمهورية أيرلندا لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب جمهورية أيرلندا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو نيوكاسل يونايتد
لاعبو ويست بروميتش ألبيون
مواليد 1959
مواليد في دبلن
لاعبو منتخب جمهورية أيرلندا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو بريستون نورث إند

جون أندرسون


Oščadnica este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Čadca din regiunea Žilina, pe malul râului . Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 5.701 locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna Skalité.

Istoric
Localitatea Oščadnica este atestată documentar din 1579.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Oščadnica


Ol' Yellow Eyes Is Back is an album by Brent Spiner, best known for his role as Data in the American television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, first released in June 1991. The title is a parodic reference both to Frank Sinatra's Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back and the Data character, whose eyes are golden yellow. On the album, Spiner is backed by the orchestra from that series as he sings a number of old pop standards, mostly from the 1930s and 1940s.

Background
In the liner notes, Spiner wrote of Sinatra's "You Make Me Feel So Young":

Sinatra at his awesome best. This song and dozens of others accompanied every dinner I ate between the ages of five and thirteen. My stepfather, an amateur saxophone player and a hell of a mambo dancer, had put together one of the all time great collections of popular music recordings anywhere. So, to my good fortune, we dined each night with the likes of Ol' Blue Eyes, Judy Garland, Nat "King" Cole, Rosemary Clooney, Louis Prima and Keely Smith and every other singer that ever performed on Capitol, Decca or R.C.A. records.

Production
Spiner had help from a number of his colleagues from Star Trek: TNG. Wendy Neuss, associate producer for the series, and Dennis McCarthy, who scored the music for many of the episodes, co-produced the album with Spiner. Several fellow cast members (LeVar Burton, Michael Dorn, Jonathan Frakes, and Patrick Stewart) even joined him to sing "It's a Sin (To Tell a Lie)," appearing under the group name of "The Sunspots", a word play on The Ink Spots, the first group to perform this song. McCarthy praised the recording experience, and compared it to the time he spent earlier in his career on tour with Glen Campbell.

Release
According to Spiner, the album was released in Europe against his wishes after he had rejected attempts by the record company to renegotiate his contract.

Track listing
"Time After Time" (w. Sammy Cahn m. Jule Styne)
"The Very Thought of You" (w.m. Ray Noble)
"More Than You Know" (w. Edward Eliscu & Billy Rose m. Vincent Youmans)
"Toot Toot Tootsie" (w.m. Ted Fio Rito, Robert A. King, Gus Kahn & Ernie Erdman)
"Embraceable You" (w. Ira Gershwin m. George Gershwin)
"It's a Sin (To Tell a Lie)" (w.m. Billy Mayhew)
"Long, Long Time" (w. Sammy Cahn m. Jule Styne)
"Carolina in the Morning" (w. Gus Kahn m. Walter Donaldson)
"Marie" (Randy Newman)
"Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart" (w.m. James F. Hanley)
"When I Fall in Love" (w. Edward Heyman m. Victor Young)
"Goodnight, Sweetheart" (w.m. Ray Noble, Jimmy Campbell, Reg Connelly, adapted by Rudy Vallee)

Personnel
Brent Spiner: Lead vocals
The Sunspots: Back-up vocals for "It's a Sin (To Tell a Lie)"
LeVar Burton
Michael Dorn
Jonathan Frakes
Patrick Stewart
Ralph Humphrey: drums
Ken Wild: Bass
George Doering: Guitar
Jim Cox: Piano
John Kavanaugh: Piano
Bob O'Donnell: Trumpet
Bob Findley: Trumpet
John Rosenberg: Trumpet
Dick Hyde: Trombone
Lew McCreary: Trombone
Ernie Carlson: Trombone
Pete Christlieb: Woodwinds
Gene Cipriano: Woodwinds
Brian O'Connor: French horn
Joe Meyer: French horn
Asa Drori: String concertmaster
Bob Joyce: Additional back-up vocals on "It's A Sin"
David Joyce: Additional back-up vocals on "It's A Sin"
Randy Crenshaw: Additional back-up vocals on "It's A Sin"

References

1991 debut albums
Brent Spiner albums

Ol' Yellow Eyes Is Back


Don Juan de Mañara es una ópera en cuatro actos y seis cuadros con música de Henri Tomasi y libreto adaptado por el compositor de la obra teatral Miguel Mañara de Oscar Venceslas de Lubicz-Milosz. Compuesta entre 1942 y 1944, durante la retirada del compositor en la abadía Saint-Michel de Frigolet, se estrenó el 29 de marzo de 1956 en Múnich. El estreno francés tuvo lugar el 3 de abril de 1967 en Mulhouse.

La acción transcurre en Sevilla en el siglo XVI.

Esta ópera rara vez se representa en la actualidad; en las estadísticas de Operabase aparece con una sola representación entre las óperas representadas en el período 2005-2010.

Enlaces externos

Óperas de 1956
Óperas de Henri Tomasi
Óperas en francés
Óperas estrenadas en Múnich

Don Juan de Mañara


Sarroch (sardinski: Sarròccu) je grad i općina (comune) u metropolitanskom gradu Cagliariju u regiji Sardiniji, Italija. Nalazi se na nadmorskoj visini od 47 metara i ima 5 269 stanovnika. Prostire se na 67,83 km². Gustoća naseljenosti je 78 st/km².Susjedne općine su: Assemini, Capoterra, Pula i Villa San Pietro.

Izvori

Gradovi na Sardiniji

Sarroch


L'Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (AVG) de Leipzig était une importante maison d'édition scientifique fondée en 1906. Elle a eu pour successeur l'Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Geest & Portig (Leipzig) en RDA après la Seconde Guerre mondiale et a été liquidée dès la disparition de l'Allemagne de l'Est. Les propriétaires juifs de la maison d'édition d'origine et certains collaborateurs importants, expropriés à l'époque du national-socialisme, ont émigré et ont fondé de nouvelles maisons d'édition scientifiques à l'étranger.

L'histoire de cette maison d'édition est extrêmement complexe.

Histoire

De la fondation à 1930
L'Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft a été fondée en 1906 par Leo Jolowicz (né le 12 août 1868 à Posen ; décédé le 7 juin 1940 à Leipzig), qui avait auparavant repris en 1898 la librairie de , fondée en 1879, et en avait fait la plus grande et la plus connue des librairies d'occasion scientifiques d'Allemagne. Dix ans après sa création, la librairie principale et d'occasion de Fock avaient déjà des filiales à New York et San Francisco et plus tard à Tokyo. En 1916, la prestigieuse librairie Mayer & Müller à Berlin, qui avait également un programme d'édition scientifique et distribuait de nombreuses revues scientifiques américaines, vint s'y ajouter, ainsi que la librairie C. F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung à Leipzig en 1923.

L'Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft devint l'une des maisons d'édition scientifiques les plus connues, publiant des revues célèbres comme :
 Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (reprise en 1920 par la maison d'édition Wilhelm Engelmann à Leipzig, fondée en 1887 par Wilhelm Ostwald et Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff),
 Handbuch der Experimentalphysik (26 volumes avec environ  pages et  illustrations, 1926 à 1937, éd. Wilhelm Wien : en concurrence avec le Handbuch der Physik chez Springer-Verlag,
 le Handbuch der Radiologie (6 volumes, 1913-1934),
 la flore cryptogamique de Rabenhorst (1099 page, 912 illustrations),
 les classes et ordres du règne animal de Bronn,
 les résultats de la recherche sur les enzymes,
 les résultats de la recherche sur les vitamines et les hormones.

Parmi les auteurs, outre Wilhelm Ostwald, la sommité de la chimie physique de Leipzig, qui apporta un soutien essentiel à la maison d'édition (notamment le « Handbuch der allgemeinen Chemie » à partir de 1918), on comptait Svante Arrhenius (Theorien der Chemie, 1906), Pierre et Marie Curie, William Ramsay, Arnold Sommerfeld (dont les célèbres cours de physique théorique furent publiés par l'Akad. Verlag.) et Hendrik Antoon Lorentz.

Ils ont également publié à partir de 1921 la célèbre série de rééditions de classiques scientifiques :
  (reprise en 1919 par la maison d'édition Wilhelm Engelmann à Leipzig),
 et les revues reprises par la maison d'édition Wilhelm Engelmann  (fondée en 1849 et plus ancienne revue zoologique allemande, reprise en 1923) :
 Zoologischer Anzeiger (fondée en 1878, reprise en 1924),
 Jahrbuch für Morphologie und mikroskopische Anatomie (fondé en 1876, repris en 1924).

Ils ont également repris en 1926 :
 Gerlands Beiträge zur Geophysik (fondé en 1876, Buchhandlung Gustav Fock et avant 1918 Wilhelm Engelmann),
 Folia haematologica (fondé en 1904, Verlag W. Klinckhardt, reprise en 1927),
 la revue Der Zoologische Garten (fondée en 1859, maison d'édition Mahlau et Waldschmidt à Francfort-sur-le-Main et revue de la société zoologique de Francfort-sur-le-Main, reprise en 1929)
 et en 1930 Hochfrequenztechnik und Elektroakustik (Jahrbuch der drahtlosen Telegraphie und Telephonie, fondé en 1907, d'abord par Ambrosius Barth à Leipzig, puis par M. Krayn à Hambourg).

Les successeurs de la maison d'édition en Allemagne de l'Ouest et de l'Est ont poursuivi ce programme. Jolowicz publiait également des « Hebraica » et des « Judaica », mais principalement des sciences naturelles, de la médecine et des mathématiques. Outre Jolowicz, les associés étaient Gustav Rothschild (le fondé de pouvoir de la librairie Gustav Fock) et, jusqu'en 1914, Paul Werthauer à Berlin.

Au début des années 1930, la maison d'édition comptait 26 magazines. La maison d'édition réalisait alors 70 pour cent de son chiffre d'affaires à l'étranger, ce qui assurait sa stabilité financière malgré un chiffre d'affaires en baisse. En 1933, elles avaient un chiffre d'affaires d'un million de Reichsmark et un bénéfice de 337.000 Reichsmark.

Le gendre de Jolowicz, Kurt Jacoby (né en 1893 à Insterburg ; décédé en août 1968 à New York), qui était devenu directeur adjoint et autre associé de la maison d'édition en 1923 et avait auparavant travaillé chez Ferdinand Springer, a également participé à l'expansion.

De 1930 et la seconde guerre modiale
En 1930, son fils Walter Jolowicz (1908-1996, qui s'est appelé Walter J. Johnson après avoir émigré aux États-Unis) est entré dans l'entreprise. Lorsque les nationaux-socialistes prirent le pouvoir, la maison d'édition fut « aryanisée » (Jolowicz était juif) et Jolowicz fut progressivement évincé.

En 1937, il quitta la maison d'édition, puis demanda en vain de quitter le pays en 1939 ; il mourut en 1940, peut-être par suicide. Le stock de livres de Gustav Fock GmbH brûla en 1943 lors d'un bombardement sur Leipzig. Son fils Walter et son gendre Kurt Jacoby furent envoyés dans un camp de concentration en 1938, mais purent encore quitter l'Allemagne et émigrèrent à New York via la Russie, le Japon et d'autres pays, où ils arrivèrent respectivement en 1941 et 1942 et fondèrent la maison d'édition Academic Press. D'autres anciens membres, en tant qu'émigrés, ont fondé Interscience à New York en 1940, et le Néerlandais M. D. Frank, qui avait fait ses études dans la maison d'édition dans les années 1930, a créé la maison d'édition North Holland (qui a ensuite fait partie d'Elsevier) sur le modèle de cette dernière.

Johannes Geest et Felix Portig succédèrent à Jolowicz en tant que directeurs de la maison d'édition. En 1940, leurs noms furent toutefois remplacés dans le registre du commerce (par Becker & Erler). Formellement, il s'agissait d'une société en commandite (« Kommanditgesellschaft » abréviation « KG »).

L'après guerre
En 1947, Geest et Portig fondèrent à nouveau la Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft dans la zone d'occupation soviétique et obtinrent également une licence renouvelée de la RDA en 1951. Johannes Geest, mort en 1947, son héritière, Marianne Lotze, avait repris les parts ; après la mort de Portig en 1953 et la "fuite de la République" de Marianne Lotze, qui était commanditaire, la majorité des parts de la KG fut reprise par l'État.

En 1959, ces parts furent transférées au VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, et l'héritière restante, Gertrud Margarete Portig, fut totalement évincée jusqu'en 1972 (la maison d'édition devint la propriété du VEB Gustav Fischer). Les programmes d'édition de Fischer et de la Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft étaient toutefois très différents. C'est pourquoi, à partir de 1964, l'Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft fut pratiquement rattachée à la maison d'édition B. G. Teubner pour ce qui est de l'activité éditoriale. Ensemble, elles continuèrent à publier les classiques d'Ostwald et la série de biographies d'éminents scientifiques.

En outre, l'Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Geest & Portig publiait également de nombreux manuels universitaires en RDA (comme le Grundriss der anorganischen Chemie d'un collectif d'auteurs, tiré à 100 000 exemplaires). Après la chute du mur, l'Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Geest & Portig a été cédée à la Treuhandanstalt, qui a fermé la maison d'édition en 1991. Les archives de la maison d'édition encore disponibles se trouvent aux Archives d'État de Saxe, Staatsarchiv Leipzig, où elles constituent le fonds 21091 Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Geest & Portig KG, Leipzig.

En Allemagne de l'Ouest, il y eut également après la guerre (au moins depuis 1954) une Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft qui prit la relève à Francfort-sur-le-Main. Elle a existé jusqu'en 1983.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

Maison d'édition d'ouvrages scientifiques
Allemagne au XXe siècle
Groupe d'édition
Entreprise fondée en 1906
Revue scientifique disparue
Maison d'édition ayant son siège en Allemagne

Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft


Bålgryde er en variant af en gryde beregnet til madlavning over bål. For at gøre gryden nemmere at rengøre efter brug kan den smøres ind i brun sæbe på ydersiden inden brug.

Referencer

Gryder

Bålgryde


El Llibre dels Repartiments dels terres entre vehins de la molt Noble y Leal e Insigne Ciutat de Oriola es  el único testimonio de los repartos de tierras de Orihuela y de la comarca alicantina de la Vega Baja del Segura llevados a cabo tras la reconquista cristiana en el año 1243.

Descripción

El Llibre del Repartiment de Orihuela es el testimonio de la distribución que Jaime I hizo entre sus vasallos de las tierras recuperadas en este territorio tras las batallas por la reconquista del reino de al-Andalus. Proporciona valiosa información sobre muy distintos aspectos, especialmente la onomástica y la toponimia, y ha servido como punto de partida para numerosos estudios sobre la población medieval de Orihuela y del Reino de Valencia.

El volumen consta 87 folios escritos a mano en letra gótica. Fue redactado a principios del , probablemente alrededor de 1310, y lleva añadidos posteriores hasta el , en que se completó con un índice onomástico. Las distintas secciones van ornadas con iniciales en tinta negra y vermellón, y está protegido por una encuadernación gofrada en piel negra de época moderna.

Conservación

Este códice, considerado desde la época medieval como uno de los símbolos de Orihuela junto al Glorioso Estandarte del Oriola, el Libro de Privilegios y el escudo, fue robado entre los años 1907 y 1908.  En 1921 fue adquirido al librero Salvador Babra por la Biblioteca de Cataluña, donde se conserva en la actualidad (ms. 771). No es el único manuscrito  procedente del archivo de Orihuela conservado en otras instituciones: el Libro de Privilegios (Libre de tots los actes, letres, privilegis y altres qualsevol provisions del Consell d'Oriola) se encuentra en el Archivo Municipal de Murcia, en donde se guarda bajo el curioso título de Noticiario oriolense.

Su devolución se ha pedido hasta en cinco ocasiones —en 1931, 1993, 1995, 2002 y 2018 por el Ayuntamiento de Orihuela a la Generalidad de Cataluña y a la Diputación de Barcelona-, pero nunca se ha realizado. El 23 de abril de 2010 fue cedido para la celebración de sus 700 años hasta el 25 de julio del mismo año, día de finalización de las Fiestas de la Reconquista, y fue expuesto en el Museo arqueológico comarcal de Orihuela dentro de la exposición "Orihuela Foral".

Referencias

Bibliografía
 C. Díez Lagunas. Algunas notas para el estudio del Repartimiento de Oribuela. Tesi de llicenciatura sota la direcció d'E. Sáez presentada a la Universitat de Barcelona, 1961

 M. Teresa Ferrer i Mallol. Moros i cristians, almogàvers i collerats a la frontera d'Oriola. Tesi doctoral sota la direcció d'E. Sáez presentada a la Universitat de Barcelona, 1983

 El Repartimiento de Orihuela: contexto histórico y edición facsímil, [textos: Emilio Diz Ardid y Mª Carmen Sánchez Mateos]. Orihuela: Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Orihuela, Concejalía de Cultura y Concejalía de Patrimonio Histórico, DL 2011

Enlaces

 Copia digital en Memòria Digital de Catalunya (MDC): «Libre dels Repartiments dels vehins de la molt noble y leal e insigne ciutat de Oriola»

Derecho valenciano
Códices
Reino de Valencia
Historia de la provincia de Alicante
Orihuela
Literatura de España del siglo XIII

Llibre del Repartiment de Orihuela


Antonio de Zayas (falecido no dia 16 de outubro de 1582) foi um prelado católico romano que serviu como bispo da Nicarágua (1575–1582).

Biografia
De Zayas era natural de Ecija, em Espanha, e foi ordenado sacerdote na Ordem dos Frades Menores. A 19 de janeiro de 1575, foi nomeado Bispo da Nicarágua durante o papado do Papa Gregório XIII e chegou à Nicarágua em janeiro de 1576. Sofrendo de problemas de saúde, renunciou ao cargo de bispo da Nicarágua no dia 8 de março de 1582 e faleceu a 16 de outubro de 1582.

Mortos em 1582
Bispos católicos
Bispos nomeados pelo Papa Gregório XIII

Antonio de Zayas