Epidermis, deriyi oluşturan üç tabakadan en dıştakidir. Daha içteki tabakalar dermis ve hipodermistir. Epidermis tabakası çevresel patojenlerden kaynaklanabilecek enfeksiyonalara karşı bir bariyer sağlar. Ayrıca transepidermal sıvı kaybı yoluyla vücuttan atmosfere verilen su miktarını düzenler. Epidermis, bir baz tabakanın üzerine dizi hücre tabakalarından oluşur.

Bu tabakaların en dışındaki olan korun tabakası ölü ve yassı hücrelerden oluşur. Bunlar kepek ve tırnak oluşumunda etkilidir. Korun tabakasını oluşturan hücrelerin içerisinde sert ve lifli proteinler (keratin) birikmiştir. Keratinli hücreler deriyi vurma, çarpma gibi mekanik etkilerden ve mikroorganizmalardan korur. Korun altında canlı ve çok katlı yassı epitel hücrelerden oluşan malpighi tabakası bulunur. Bu tabakanın hücrelerinde Melanosit pigment bulunur ve deriye rengini verir.  Malpighi tabakasındaki canlı hücrelerin bölünerek yeni hücreler vermesiyle korun tabakası sürekli olarak yenilenir. Vücudu ısı ve soğuktan korur.

Alt deri (dermis): Duyu hücreleri, ter bezleri, sinir uçları, kılcal kan damarları, kıl kökleri, dokunma cisimcikleri bulunur. Pacini cisimciği, basıncı ve gerilme duygusunu algılar. Meissner cisimciği kılsız yerlerde ve merkel diskleri kıllı bölgelerde dokunma duyusunu algılar. Krause cisimciği soğuğu, ruffini cisimciği sıcağı algılamakta görevlidir. Alt derinin görevleri başlıca: Vücudun ısı, ter, su dengesini sağlamak, dış etkilerden korumak dokunma, basınç, acı duyularını algılamaktır. Duyu cisimcikleri dokunma, ağrı, basınç, sıcaklık gibi duyuları algılar. Sinirlerle beyinin ilgili bölgelerine aktarılır. Sevinç, korku, heyecan, soğuk hava etkisi ile deri sinirleri kıl kaslarının kasılmasını ve kılların dikleşmesini sağlar.

Yapılar

Hücresel yapılar
Epidermis esas olarak keratinositlerden oluşur.

Hücre bağlantıları
Epidermal hücreler, dış ortama karşı sıkı bir bariyer görevi görmek için birbirine sıkı sıkıya bağlıdır. Epidermal hücreler arasındaki bağlantılar, kaderin adı verilen transmembran proteinlerin oluşturduğu adherens (yapışık) bağlantı tipindedir. Hücrenin içinde kaderinler aktin filamentlerine bağlıdır.

Katmanlar
Epidermis, incelenen cilt bölgesine bağlı olarak 4 veya 5 katmandan oluşur. Bu katmanlar dışarıdan içeriye doğru sırasıyla:

Keratin (stratum corneum)
Kornifiye tabaka da denir.

stratum lucidum
Bu dar tabaka sadece avuç içlerinde ve ayak tabanlarında bulunur.

stratum granulosum
Keratinositler çekirdeklerini kaybeder ve sitoplazmaları granüler görünür.

stratum spinosum
Keratinositler, desmozomlar aracılığıyla bağlanır ve Golgi'nin içinden polar lipidler, glikosfingolipidler, serbest steroller, fosfolipidler ve katabolik enzimler açısından zengin lamelli gövdeler üretir.

stratum basale/germinativum

stratum malpighi
Stratum bazale ve stratum spinosum'u kapsayan katmandır. İkisini aynı anda ifade etmek için kullanılır.

Epidermis, alttaki dokusu olan dermisten bir bazal membran ile ayrılır.

Örtü sistemi
Dermatoloji

Epidermis


An Specklinia ximenae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlyle August Luer. An Specklinia ximenae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Specklinia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Specklinia

Specklinia ximenae


Gulhjelmet hornfugl () er en næsehornsfugl, der lever i det vestlige Afrika.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Fugle fra Vestafrika
Næsehornsfugle

Gulhjelmet hornfugl


Orovenator es un género extinto de diápsido del pérmico inferior (Sakmariense) de Oklahoma, EUA.

Se conoce por dos cráneos parciales. El holotipo OMNH 74606 consiste en un cráneo parcial con hocico y mandíbula, y el otro espécimen, OMNH 74607, un cráneo parcial con la parte superior, vértebras y parte del paladar. Fue nombrado primero por Robert R. Reisz, Sean P. Modesto y Diane M. Scott en 2011 y la especie tipo es Orovenator mayorum. El nombre genérico significa "cazador de la montaña", de oro, en griego y venator, en latín. El nombre específico honra a Bill y Julie May. Orovenator es el más antiguo y basal de los neodiápsidos.

Filogenia
Cladograma según Reisz, Modesto & Scott, 2011:

Referencias

Diapsida

Orovenator


හැඞීම යනු,  මානවයන්ගේ චිත්ත වේගී අවස්ථාවකදී එයට ප්‍රතිචාර වශයෙන්, කඳුළු වහනය වීමයි. "අක්සීය ව්‍යුහයන්හී කිසිදු උද්දීපනයකින් තොරව, අශ්‍රැ උපකරණ වෙතින් කඳුළු වහනය වීම වෙතින් ලක්ෂණෝපේත වන්නාවූ සංකීර්ණ ස්‍රාවීචාලක සංසිද්ධියක් " ලෙසින් හැඞීමෙහි ක්‍රියාව අර්ථදක්වා ඇත. ආශ්‍රිත වෛද්‍ය පදයක් වන්නේ  අශ්‍රැකරණය යන්න වන අතර, එය විසින්ද චිත්ත වේගී නොවන කඳුළු වහනය වීම අශ්‍රේය කරයි. ඉකි ගැසීම, වැලපීම, විලාප දීම, ඉකි බිඳීම සහ, බෙරිහන් දීම ලෙසින්ද හැඞීම ව්‍යවහාර වෙයි.

ආශ්‍රිත

හැඞීම


Novopávlovka  es un selo del raión de Bélaya Glina del krai de Krasnodar de Rusia. Está situado próximo a la frontera del óblast de Rostov, a orillas del río Rasipnaya, afluente del Yegorlyk, de la cuenca del Don, 14 km al sur de Bélaya Glina y 188 km al nordeste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 2 514 habitantes en 2010

Es cabeza del municipio Novopávlovskoye, al que pertenecen asimismo Kuleshovka y Mekletá.

Enlaces externos y referencias

Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
Este artículo es una traducción parcial de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Новопавловка (Краснодарский край).

Localidades del raión de Bélaya Glina del krai de Krasnodar

Novopávlovka (Krasnodar)


El Gobierno Provisional Siberiano fue un efímero Gobierno antibolchevique formado durante la guerra civil rusa, en el verano de 1918 en Omsk. Oficialmente unido al Komuch en el Directorio de Omsk creado en septiembre, fue la base de la posterior dictadura de Aleksandr Kolchak.

Antecedentes
El Gobierno Provisional Siberiano fue uno de los muchos órganos que surgieron en Siberia a comienzos de la guerra civil arrogándose autoridad gubernamental.

En diciembre de 1917, un congreso extraordinario regional, dominado por los socialistas moderados, había declarado su apoyo a la Asamblea Constituyente Rusa y su oposición a la Revolución de Octubre. Al mes siguiente, se reunió en Tomsk una Duma regional (conocida como siboblduma) elegida sin la participación de la población burguesa. La asamblea fue disuelta fácilmente por los bolcheviques () y se formó un comité de una veintena de miembros de la misma que eligió un Gobierno interino que debía durar hasta que pudiese volverse a reunir la duma regional y la asamblea constituyente.

La Comisaría de Siberia Occidental, compuesta por socialrevolucionarios, se creó a comienzos de junio de 1918 y, a finales de mes, con la reaparición de los miembros del Gobierno elegido por la sesión de la duma, cedió su autoridad a estos, a pesar de las diferencias ideológicas entre los dos grupos. El GPS se creó el 30 de junio para sustituir a la Comisaría, por parte de elementos más conservadores que esta y con el apoyo del nuevo Ejército siberiano que entonces se estaba formando. Pronto los elementos socialrevolucionarios del Gobierno lo abandonaron y este quedó controlado por la fracción más conservadora.

El Gobierno y la duma
El Gobierno, encabezado por el nervioso, débil e influenciable P. V. Vologodski, era marcadamente menos revolucionario que el del vecino Komuch o que la composición de la duma y aprobó inmediatamente una serie de medidas que lo confirmaron: la abolición de la legislación aprobada por los soviéticos, la privatización de las industrias nacionalizadas, el fin del monopolio del grano o de los precios fijos y la devolución de la tierra a sus antiguos propietarios hasta la decisión final sobre la misma de la futura asamblea constituyente. Además, se restauró la pena de muerte y se formaron unos tribunales itinerantes de origen zarista. La diferencia ideológica entre el Gobierno y la duma ante la que era teóricamente responsable llevó pronto a desacuerdos y tensiones crecientes. Vologodski, con el apoyo del Ejército, logró la suspensión de la actividad de la duma hasta septiembre, bajo amenaza de disolverla por la fuerza.

El , ante las desavenencias cada vez más numerosas entre el GPS y el Komuch, Vologodski proclamó la autonomía siberiana, para no reconocer a este como Gobierno de toda Rusia. Surgió una guerra comercial entre ambas autoridades y el Komuch no recibió apoyo alguno en su lucha contra los soviéticos.

Gobierno y relaciones con el Komuch
El 4 de julio, el GPS proclamó la creación de una «Siberia libre de los Urales al océano» a la vez que restauraba los latifundios hasta la futura convocatoria de la asamblea constituyente. Durante julio y agosto, el GPS mantuvo conversaciones con otras autoridades de la región para aunar sus esfuerzos contra el Gobierno soviético de Moscú, sin éxito ante las desavenencias entre ellas. Las relaciones entre las fuerzas del Komuch y las del GPS eran tensas.

Como el Komuch sostenía el frente contra los soviéticos, el GPS pudo reunir fuerzas sin haber de enfrentarse con estos. El GPS se negó a enviar sus tropas al frente y compitió en el reclutamiento de antiguos oficiales con el Komuch. Ambos Gobiernos se disputaban además el control de los Urales.

Las diferencias entre el proyecto socialrevolucionario del Komuch y el más conservador del GPS llevaron al conflicto entre los dos organismos. La negociación entre ambos se debió no a la iniciativa de ninguno de ellos, sino a presiones externas de los Aliados, la Legión Checoslovaca y la Unión por la Regeneración de Rusia, una coalición de políticos de diversas formaciones. Los intentos de arreglo en Cheliábinsk de mediados de julio fracasaron ante las suspicacias mutuas. La segunda reunión a finales de agosto en la misma localidad tampoco dio fruto.

A comienzos de septiembre y antes de la celebración de la conferencia de Ufá, la tercera para intentar reunir a las diversas autoridades antibolcheviques en un Gobierno unido, Vologodski partió al Lejano Oriente ruso para lograr la disolución del Gobierno Provisional de la Siberia Autónoma encabezado por P. Derber y el reconocimiento de su autoridad por parte del general Horvat, administrador del ferrocarril transmanchuriano.

Solo a finales de septiembre y ante los reveses en el frente se formó el Directorio de Omsk, que unificaba teóricamente a gran número de los Gobiernos antibolcheviques de la región, aunque sin definir de forma clara ante quién debía responder el nuevo órgano o si era la autoridad política suprema.

El GPS y el Directorio
Durante la conferencia de Ufá de mediados de septiembre, la duma trató de aprovechar la ausencia del Gobierno para reforzar su autoridad y varios ministros de izquierda, que habían sido obligados a renunciar a sus cargos, exigieron volver a ser nombrados. El 21 de septiembre, como parte de la disputa permanente entre la sibobduma y el GPS, varios ministros socialrevolucionarios fueron arrestados, acusados de conspirar contra el Gobierno, se obligó a punta de pistola a dos de ellos a renunciar a sus carteras y a abandonar Omsk mientras que un tercero, Novoselov, fue asesinado a las afueras de la capital. Los conservadores y el Ejército estorbaron la investigación posterior. Dos días más tarde, habiéndose deshecho de sus colegas más progresistas, los conservadores ordenaron la disolución de la sibobduma, que reaccionó disolviendo a su vez la «Junta Administrativa», organismo oficioso que agrupaba a los más poderosos conservadores en torno al ministro Mihailov. Llamó además en su ayuda a la Legión Checoslovaca, que contaba con tres mil hombres bien armados en las cercanías de la capital; los legionarios liberaron a los diputados ya arrestados y trataron en vano de capturar a Mihailov y a otro destacado conservador. La acción de la Legión le ganó la hostilidad de los elementos conservadores que más tarde formaron el Gobierno de Aleksandr Kolchak.

Con el directorio instalado en Omsk a comienzos de octubre, sin control administrativo ni de las fuerzas armadas, el GPS pudo imponer su mayoría en el nuevo Consejo de Ministros. Gracias al control de las fuerzas armadas y a pesar del revés sufrido en septiembre a manos de los checoslovacos, el GPS impuso una serie de medidas políticas al Directorio para aceptar su teórica disolución.

En la capital se respiraba un ambiente cada vez más reaccionario, con grupos terroristas favorables a la restauración monárquica y dedicados a asesinar a todos los diputados socialrevolucionarios de la asamblea constituyente que pudieron de entre los que acudieron a Omsk. El objetivo era evitar la reunión del cuórum de diputados que podría a la vez reconstituir la asamblea y sostener al Directorio. En octubre la ciudad se volvió peligrosa para los socialrevolucionarios; varios de ellos fueron asesinados y lanzados al río que atraviesa la localidad.

El 3 de noviembre, el GPS aceptó disolverse formalmente y exigió a la vez la desaparición del resto de entes gubernamentales que habían aceptado la autoridad del Directorio, pero solo después de haberse asegurado de que ninguno de los nuevos ministros del Directorio proviniese del Komuch, de haber forzado la aceptación de Mijailov como ministro a pesar de la reticencia de los directores socialrevolucionarios, y de haber transferido a siete de los catorce ministros del GPS al nuevo Consejo de Ministros del Directorio. Exigió además la disolución de la sibobduma, objetivo de los conservadores durante largo tiempo; esto concentró toda la autoridad política en la capital, lo que facilitó el golpe de Estado que llevó al poder a Kolchak y acabó con el Directorio menos de dos semanas más tarde, el 18 de noviembre.

Notas y referencias

Bibliografía

Guerra Civil Rusa
Gobiernos provisionales
Rusia en 1918

Gobierno Provisional Siberiano


Kirchdorf an der Krems es un distrito del estado de Alta Austria (Austria).

División administrativa

Localidades con población (año 2018)

El distrito de Kirchdorf an der Krems se divide en 23 municipios.

Municipios
Barrios, aldeas y otras subdivisiones del municipio se indican con letras pequeñas.
Edlbach
Grünburg
Hinterstoder
Inzersdorf im Kremstal
Kirchdorf an der Krems
Klaus an der Pyhrnbahn
Kremsmünster
Micheldorf in Oberösterreich
Molln
Nußbach
Oberschlierbach
Pettenbach
Ried im Traunkreis
Rosenau am Hengstpaß
Roßleithen
Schlierbach
Spital am Pyhrn
Sankt Pankraz
Steinbach am Ziehberg
Steinbach an der Steyr
Vorderstoder
Wartberg an der Krems
Windischgarsten

Enlaces externos

Distritos de Alta Austria

Distrito de Kirchdorf an der Krems


M'mahawa Soumano Tounkara est une institutrice et femme politique guinéenne.

Le , elle est nommée conseillère au sein du Conseil national de la transition (CNT) de la République de Guinée en tant que représentante des organisations paysannes. Elle est la cheffe de délégation des conseillers nationaux lors de la consultation nationale à Dixinn.

Notes et références

Naissance en Guinée
Personnalité féminine guinéenne
Membre du Conseil national de transition guinéen de 2021
Étudiant de l'école normale d'instituteurs de Boké

M'Mahawa Soumano Tounkara


Marin Academy (familiarly known as MA) is a private college preparatory high school in  San Rafael, California. Located on the campus that for decades housed the San Rafael Military Academy prior to its closure, Marin Academy was founded in 1971 with 118 faculty members and a student body of 449.
Marin Academy is one of the most competitive private high schools in the Bay Area. In the 2015–2016 school year, Marin Academy accepted only one in four students who applied.

Curriculum

MA requires students to take two years of one of its performing or visual arts programs, four years of English, three years of History, three years of Mathematics, three years of Science (Biology, Chemistry, and one Physics course are required), and two semesters of Human Development, a health and social awareness class. In addition to classroom instruction, Marin Academy students undertake a number of non-traditional learning experiences such as minicourse, the Outings program,  end-of-year projects (EOY), wilderness quest, and mandatory senior speeches or senior arts performances. Another unique program is the Marin Academy Research Collaborative (MARC), where students conduct independent research during their junior and senior years.  The student body sustains many socially conscious student organizations and has been active in politics in Marin. The school conducts annual conferences and workshops on equality and social justice, called the Conference on Democracy and has a tradition of seniors delivering speeches to school assemblies.

Academics
Marin Academy is an academically focused school, with a student-to-teacher ratio of 9:1 and an average class size of 15. More than two-thirds of the faculty hold advanced degrees. More than 99% of Marin Academy graduates go on to attend a four-year college or university.

Travis Brownley, an educator who was the dean of the Groton School, was appointed the Head of School in 2008 following the departure of the previous head of school, Bodie Brizendine, who had led the school for 12 years, and Dick Drew, who served as interim head of school. The Bodie Brizendine Leadership Center (BBLC), a centrally located building on campus, houses faculty offices, math classrooms, and the school cafeteria.

Marin Academy was involved in the 2019 college cheating scandal dubbed "varsity blues" where parents cheated their children into colleges. Between one and three students from Marin Academy had parents who were involved: one presumably including Todd and Diane Blake of Ross who pleaded guilty to the charges.

Athletics
Marin Academy has developed a strong athletics program, highlighted by successes in boys' and girls' soccer, cross country, boys' lacrosse, boys' water polo, and girls' volleyball. The school competes in The Bay Counties League (BCL) within the North Coast Section (NCS). During the COVID era, the swimming and water polo teams were members of The Marin County Athletic League (MCAL).

Marin Academy has won 11 North Coast Section championships in boys' soccer - 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2022 - and is a regular contender for regional championships. Girls' varsity soccer won the BCL and placed second in the North Coast Section Championship, losing to the Branson High School 4–2, in 2002. In 2006, the boys' soccer team won their third NCS championship in a match against University High School. Tied 1-1 through overtime, the NCS championship game was decided by penalty kicks, in which MA won 5–4. MA also defeated University in the BCL finals that year. In 2007, MA and University again matched up in the BCL and NCS championships, with UHS winning BCL and MA winning NCS 2–0. In 2008 MA and University were matched up once again in the BCL final and the Wildcats defeated the Devils 2–0. The two schools are rivals.

The girls' soccer team has won the last 6 BCL titles from 2016 to 2022 (undefeated against league opponents in the last 4 seasons) as well as ones in 2002 and 2010. In 2019 and in 2020 they advanced to NCS finals against Cardinal Newman and to CIF finals against Branson, coming up a goal short in 3 of the games and a penalty kick in the other. In 2022 MA girls soccer won their first NCS title and in 2023, they won their first Norcal Championship.

The girls' volleyball team won the state and NCS division V championships in 2004, after losing to University High School in both the NCS and Northern California championship games the year before. In the 2022 fall season the team won the NCS title.

In the 2012 spring season, the Girls' Varsity Swim Team set the first North Coast Section record in Marin Academy history, with a time of 1:34.82 in the 200 yard freestyle relay. The girls placed fifth overall at NCS, first out of Marin County teams, and first out of schools with fewer than one thousand students.

The Marin Academy boys' water polo team placed first in NCS DII in 2017 after defeating Alameda High School 13–8. In both 2021 and 2022 the team placed second in NCS DII.

The Marin Academy Cross Country team placed first in NCS DII in 2015 and placed second in the California State Championships D V in both 2013 and 2015.

Current athletics offered include (but are not limited to):

Fall Sports
 Cross Country
 Girls' Volleyball
 Boys' and Girls' Waterpolo
 Girls' Tennis
 Girls' Golf

Winter Sports
 Boys' and Girls' Basketball
 Boys' and Girls' Soccer

Spring Sports
 Baseball
 Boys' and Girls' Swimming
 Boys' and Girls' Lacrosse
 Boys' and Girls' Track and Field
 Boys' Golf
 Boys' Tennis

Notable alumni
The following people attended Marin Academy (the year shown is their year of graduation or, for non-graduates, the year that their class graduated)
 Rozzi Crane ('09) – singer-songwriter
 Buck Ellison ('06) – artist
 Rumi Neely ('00) – fashion blogger at Fashion Toast
 Carré Otis ('87) – actress and model
 Ruth Parasol ('84) – co-founder PartyGaming
 Jason Rezaian ('94) – reporter for The Washington Post
 Peter Som ('89) — fashion designer

References

External links
 Marin Academy website
 Archive of Academic Courses
 Homepage for Marin Academy's Conference on Democracy
 Marin Academy Voice - Student Newspaper

High schools in Marin County, California
Private high schools in California
Education in San Rafael, California
Buildings and structures in San Rafael, California
Educational institutions established in 1971
1971 establishments in California

Marin Academy


Blanka Bíró (; n. 22 septembrie 1994, în Vác) este o handbalistă maghiară care joacă pentru clubul FTC-Rail Cargo Hungaria și echipa națională a Ungariei. Bíró evoluează pe postul de portar.

Palmares
Magyar Kupa:
 Câștigătoare: 2017

Premii individuale
Cel mai bun tânăr portar al echipei ideale (All-Star Team), distincție a Handball-Planet.com: 2015-16

Referințe

Legături externe

Jucătoare de handbal din Ungaria
Nașteri în 1994
Sportivi maghiari în viață
Oameni din Vác
Handbaliste ale Ferencvárosi TC
Handbaliști la Jocurile Olimpice de Vară 2020

Blanka Bíró


El condado de Tobar es un título nobiliario español concedido a don Martín de Tovar y Blanco Galindo, por el rey Carlos III de España el 4 de julio de 1771, con vizcondado previo de Altagracia.

El título fue usado, sin reconocimiento ante las autoridades españolas, por los descendiente del primer titular, por tanto estos no figuran en el orden cronológico de dicha merced. Antiguamente el título era escrito como Tovar. Su actual titular es Ignacio Salvatierra Palacios.

Condes de Tobar

 Martín de Tovar y Blanco Galindo,  conde de Tobar (1771-1811). Hijo de José Manuel de Tovar y Galindo y de Catalina Blanco y Martínez de Villegas.
 Casó con María Manuela de Ponte y Mijares de Solórzano, hija de Juan de Ponte y Mijares de Solórzano y de Melchora Ana Mijares de Solórzano y Ascanio, de la casa de los Marqueses de Mijares. Le sucedió:

Rehabilitado en 1923 por Alfonso XIII:
 Francisco Javier Allendesalazar y Aspiroz (1889-),  conde de Tobar, Caballero de la Orden de Alcántara y de la Orden de San Juan de Jerusalén (Malta), maestrante de Granada. Hijo de Nicolás Allendesalazar y Muñóz de Salazar,  conde de Montefuerte y de María de la Asunción Azpiroz y Carrión.
 Casó, en primeras nupcias, en Madrid en 1914 con María de la Paz Urbina y Ceballos Escalera
 Casó, en segundas nupcias con María del Mar Bermúdez de Castro y Seriñá,  marquesa de Montanaro. Le sucedió, de su primer matrimonio, en 1940, su hijo:

 Rafael Allendesalazar y Urbina (1918-2000),  conde de Tobar, Caballero de Alcántara, y de la Orden de San Juan de Jerusalén (Malta), Maestrante de Granada, Teniente General del Ejército de Tierra de España.
 Casó, en primeras nupcias, con María del Pilar Pérez de Guzmán y Escrivá de Romaní.
 Casó, en segundas nupcias, con María de las Mercedes Olaso y García-Ogara.
 Casó, en terceras nupcias, con María del Carmen Corcho y García del Moral. Fue conde de Tobar hasta la revocación del título por pleito genealógico de mejor derecho a favor de:

 Luis López de Ceballos,  conde de Tobar (1973-1987), Caballero de la Orden de San Juan de Jerusalén. Hijo de Gonzalo López de Ceballos y de Ulloa,  conde de Campo-Giro,  conde de Peñacastillo y de Leonor Eraso López de Ceballos, hermana del conde de San Javier.
 Casó con Isabel López de Letona y Coello de Portugal, hija de Anselmo López de Letona y de Sofía Coello de Portugal y Goicorrotea. Dama de la Soberana Orden de Malta. Padres de Luis y Beatriz. Fallecida en Madrid el 20/10/2005.
Fue conde de Tobar hasta la revocación del título en pleito genealógico de mejor derecho a favor de:

 Josefa Palacios Galindo,  condesa de Tobar (1987-1996). Hija de Ricardo Palacios Rivas y de Josefina Galindo Machado.
 Casó con Salvador Palacios Salas, hijo de Ignacio Salvatierra Barela y de Petronila Salas y Henríquez. Cede el título a favor de su hijo:

 Ignacio Salvatierra Palacios  conde de Tobar.
 Casado con Clara Aguerrevere Sánchez.

Actual conde de Tobar desde 1997.

Véase también
 Condado de San Javier
 Marquesado del Toro
 Marquesado de las Riberas de Boconó y Masparro
Marquesado de Marianela
 Marquesado de Mijares
 Marquesado de Torre Casa

Tobar
Títulos nobiliarios en la Capitanía General de Venezuela

Condado de Tobar


Sonja lærer at cykle er en film instrueret af Anna Vesterholt.

Handling
Lun og balancerende dokukomedie om Sonja på 60, der skal lære at cykle. Hun glemmer det aldrig...

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2005

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Sonja lærer at cykle


El término trepador pico de hoz puede referirse a:

 trepador pico de hoz, el nombre común del ave Campylorhamphus procurvoides en Venezuela; o
 trepador pico de hoz, el nombre común del ave Campylorhamphus pusillus en Costa Rica.

Trepador pico de hoz


La Ruta Estatal de California 151, y abreviada SR 151 (en inglés: California State Route 151) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de California. La carretera inicia en el Oeste desde la Represa Shasta hacia el Este en la . La carretera tiene una longitud de 11,1 km (6.925 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta Estatal de California 151 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de California por sus siglas en inglés Caltrans.

Cruces
{| class=wikitable
!Condado
!Localidad
!Miliario
!Destinos
!Notas
|-
|rowspan=4|Shasta<small>SHA 0.00-R6.92
|
|0.00
|Represa Shasta
|
|-
|rowspan=3|Shasta Lake
|3.78
|
|
|-
|6.79
|Cascade Boulevard
|
|-
|R6.92
|, Portland
|Interchange

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de Caltrans

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de California
Carreteras del condado de Shasta

Ruta Estatal de California 151


Koldblod er en stor, kraftig arbejdshest. Koldblodsheste er typisk rolige heste.

Koldblodsheste nedstammer fra Nordeuropas skovheste. Hesteracer blandt koldblod er bl.a. jysk hest, haflinger, shire og clydesdale. Koldblod står i modsætning til varmblod, der er sportsheste. Fuldblodsheste er heste af racerne Engelsk fuldblod (XX) og Arabisk fuldblod (OA, OX).

Referencer

Hesteracer

Koldblod


En postholder betegnede siden 1700-tallet en person, der efter en aftale med postvæsenet stod for befordringen af breve og pakker over en større strækning. Postholdere red med egne heste og drev ofte også krovirksomheder, som kom til også at fungere som postholderier Kontrakten med postvæsenet indebar ofte også personbefordring med postvogne som f.eks. diligencer.

Postholdere var herre over postriddere og postillonere.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Den danske ordbog: Postholder

Holder

Postholder


An Rodriguezia candelariae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Friedrich Fritz Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin. An Rodriguezia candelariae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rodriguezia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rodriguezia (Orchidaceae)

Rodriguezia candelariae


Motherwell (skosk gelíska: Tobar na Màthar) er bær og höfustaður Norður-Lanarkshire í Skotlandi, suðaustur af Glasgow. Íbúar eru um 33.000 (2020). Áin Clyde skilur Motherwell frá bænum Hamilton. Á 20. öld var stálframleiðsla þar sú mesta í Skotlandi. Ravenscraig-stálverksmiðjan lokaði árið 1992 og markaði enda á 400 ára stálframleiðslu í Skotlandi.

Motherwell F.C. er knattspyrnulið bæjarins.

Bæir í Skotlandi

Motherwell


103. længdegrad kan henvise til:

 103. vestlige længdekreds
 103. østlige længdekreds

103. længdegrad


The Albacore is a 4.57 m (15 ft) two-person planing dinghy with fractional sloop rig, for competitive racing and lake and near-inshore day sailing. Hulls are made of either wood or fiberglass. The basic shape was developed in 1954 from an Uffa Fox design, the Swordfish. Recent boats retain the same classic dimensions, and use modern materials and modern control systems.

A deep airfoil section centerboard and rudder make the Albacore highly maneuverable. The Albacore's rig uses swept spreaders supporting a tapered mast, a powerful vang, and adjustable jib halyard and other sail controls to depower in high winds. This adjustability enables light crews and heavy crews to race head-to-head in all but the most extreme conditions. It does not have a trapeze or spinnaker, and hence avoids the difficult handling of sport boats. The powerful rig and easily  driven hull give excellent performance over a wide range of wind and wave conditions.

The 2011 international champion described the Albacore as a boat that is simple to get into at first, but one that will challenge the tuning and tactical skills of a sailor for the rest of their life. Recent champions have been graduates of college sailing teams.

The First Albacore
The first Albacore (number 1) was built by Clive Dollery and Dave Lowe, who adapted Uffa Fox's design. They were both junior members of the Locks Sailing club in Portsmouth, England (UK) in the 1950s. They crewed in a variety of boats including Lowe's National 12, but they were also keen amateur boat builders.

Dollery wanted a boat to race. They wanted to start with a ready made hull. Lowe's father and Uffa Fox had discussed and agreed to build a non-standard Flying 25 with significant changes made. So they assumed that the same agreement could be applied to a Swordfish sailing dinghy also designed by Fox.

A Swordfish hull was obtained from Fairey Marine via a local boat builder. They modified the hull moving the position of the mast, cutting a slot and fitting a keel box. Several members of the Locks Sailing club were interested in this project and formed a committee with Fairey Marine, resulting in the 'committee modified Swordfish'. This was renamed the 'Albacore'. The committee agreed that this boat be allocated Albacore number 1.

The Locks Sailing club soon had a fleet of about 20 Albacores that raced regularly against one another. In 1958 the National Albacore championships were held under the burgee of the Locks Sailing Club, in Langstone Harbour with a fleet of 46 boats.

Popularity
About 8,200 Albacores have been built. The class is actively raced in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Albacores are also used for adult and youth sail training, and for leisure sailing.

The Albacore was ranked 16th most popular one-design sailboat in North America in 2010 by Sailing Anarchy, and 38th most popular in the UK from 2001 to 2011 by Yachts and Yachting.

There is a particularly large concentration of Albacores in Toronto, Ontario, Canada where the Friday night club series sees an average of 45 boats and peaks of over 60 boats on the start line every Friday during the summer sailing season.

Older Albacores are commonly found in vacation areas such as Ontario Cottage country.

Competitions
The Albacore class offers an active racing program, attracting experienced sailors as well as new enthusiasts.  With local club racing, regional regattas, and international championships, the class provides racing opportunities for every level of experience and interest.  In addition, Albacores compete with other boats in a mixed fleet by means of the Portsmouth Yardstick handicap scheme. Its Portsmouth number is 1062 and its D-PN is 90.3.

The Class has a biannual International (World) Championship with the venue alternating between the three key countries where the class is sailed. The earliest such event was in 1971, and was won by Canadians Jack Langmaid and Nancy Langmaid in a Fairey Marine Albacore.

Recent International events:

The next International Championship is scheduled to take place in the USA in 2025.

Manufacture
Two manufacturers of Albacores produced boats in 2011 to 2013: Ovington Boats in the UK and Hapco Marine in the USA. The boats were primarily delivered to UK, Canadian and US destinations.

Notable earlier manufacturers include Ontario Yachts, Skene, Woof, Kingsfield Marine, Fairey Marine, Grampian Marine, McGruer&Clarke, JD Young, Rondar, Lockley, Lockley-Newport, and Whitby Boat Works.
The first fiberglass version of the boat was made by Whitby Boat Works and sold as the Albatross. Shortly thereafter, fiberglass version of the Albacore appeared.

Family use
The hull weight of an Albacore is 109 kg (240 lbs). Therefore, the Albacore can be road-trailered, with 1 or 2 Albacores behind a typical family car. With appropriate road-trailer design, the boat can be loaded and unloaded using only 2 people.

The Albacore is frequently used as a first boat for those who are just learning to sail, and as a very competitive racer for more advanced sailors.

Regatta results show that this class of boat is often sailed by husband/wife and parent/child combinations, and that some of the all-women teams are the most competitive in the class.

Rigging and Materials
All Albacores ever made are considered identical for the purpose of racing, and can race together without a handicap. However, many details and materials be improved or modified at the choice of the individual owner or manufacturer, provided that the basic dimensions and materials meet the class specification.

The rigging of early Albacores was very simple, including such basic features as a flat centerboard and fixed jib fairleads.  This rigging allowed only limited adjustability of sails.

Modern Albacore designs have evolved sophisticated control systems for their running rigging and standing rigging. This greatly increases their versatility compared to earlier boats, and they can be sailed in 2 knots to 25 knots of wind.

A typical modern design for an Albacore includes:
 Epoxy foam sandwich fibreglass hull (Modern wood hulls are also manufactured, but are less common)
 Tapered aluminum mast
 Lightweight aluminum boom
 Automatic fly-away jib stick
 Moulded or wood/fiberglass composite centerboard with  symmetric airfoil cross-section
 Kick-up rudder with  symmetric airfoil cross-section
 Suction self-bailers (which empty a boat after capsize in 4 minutes)
 Adjustable continuous 16:1 vang and 12:1 jib halyard, rigged to side control panel
 4:1 main-sail outhaul, 2:1 main-sail Cunningham, jib Cunningham
 Adjustable hiking straps for crew and helm
 Extended jib tracks for high- & low-aspect jibs
 Split-tail mainsheet
 Deck mounted 6:1 mast pre-bend adjuster and 2:1 rope mast ram

References

External links

International Albacore Association
Canadian Albacore Association
National Albacore Association (UK)
United States Albacore Association
Classic Boat's guide to the Albacore class

Dinghies
Sailboat types built by Ontario Yachts
Sailboat types built by Newport Boats
Sailboat types built by Skene Boats

Albacore (dinghy)


Nankin Olimpik Spor Merkezi, Çin'in Nankin şehrinde 2005 yılında çok amaçlı olarak inşa edilen bir stadyum.

Çoğunlukla futbol ve atletizm müsabakalarının yapıldığı Nanjing Olimpik Spor Merkezi, 60.000 seyirci kapasitelidir.

Çin'deki stadyumlar

Nankin Olimpik Spor Merkezi


أفندي  هو لقب تشريفي معناه السيد، مشتق من كلمة Afentis اليونانية، كان يستخدم في الامبراطورية البيزنطية، واستخدم لاحقاً في الدولة العثمانية، ليخاطب به صغار موظفي الحكومة على وجه الخصوص.

أصل الكلمة
كلمة «أفندي» هي كلمة ذات أصل يوناني انتقلت إلى اللغة التركية منذ عهد السلاجقة، وهي مشتقة من كلمة Afentis اليونانية، المأخوذة بدورها من اللغة الإغريقية Audentis، ومعناها السيد المطلق أو القائد المطلق.

تاريخ اللقب
كانت كلمة «أفندي» في البداية لقبًا محصورًا في العائلة السلطانية يرادف لقب «برنس» عند الغربيين. وقد بدأ استعمالها لدى العثمانيين في العقد الثاني من القرن الخامس عشر الميلادي للدلالة على الإنسان المتعلم والمثقف، حيث حلت محل كلمة «جلبي» المماثلة لها باللغة التركية، وأصبحت لقباً تخاطب به فئة معينة من العثمانيين هم العلماء، فصار يقال «قاضي أفندي» و«مفتي أفندي» وهكذا، ثم أصبح لقب «أفندي» اللقب الرسمي للأمراء بعد أواسط القرن التاسع عشر الميلادي.

وقيل استخدمها العثمانيون في النصف الثاني من القرن الـ 9 الهجري الـ 15م، للدلالة على الإنسان المثقف ذي التربية القويمة، ثم أطلق على العالم وعلى بعض رجال الدولة ثم استخدمت لقباً رسميا للأمراء العثمانيين وكبار علماء الدين في الدولة، بالإضافة إلى استخدامها للضباط من رتبة الملازم حتى رتبة البكباشى، كما كان طلاب المدارس العسكرية يخاطبون بها رسمياً، ثم ألغيت الكلمة من دائرة الألقاب الرسمية في تركيا بالقانون رقم 2590 الصادر عام 1346 هجرية (1924 م)، وقد استخدمت كذلك لرئيس الكتاب (ناظر الخارجية) قبل عهد التنظيمات 1255 هجرية (1839 م).

انظر أيضاً
 أفندم
 بيه
 باشا

المراجع

ألقاب أفغانية
ألقاب إيرانية
ألقاب باكستانية
ألقاب تركية
ألقاب عثمانية
ألقاب لبنانية
لغة إغريقية
لغة تركية
لغة يونانية

أفندي


Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is the name given to a B cell proliferation due to therapeutic immunosuppression after organ transplantation. These patients may develop infectious mononucleosis-like lesions or polyclonal polymorphic B-cell hyperplasia. Some of these B cells may undergo mutations which will render them malignant, giving rise to a lymphoma.

In some patients, the malignant cell clone can become the dominant proliferating cell type, leading to frank lymphoma, a group of B cell lymphomas occurring in immunosuppressed patients following organ transplant.

Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of PTLD are highly variable and nonspecific, and may include fever, weight loss, night sweats, and fatigue.  Symptoms may be similar to those seen in infectious mononucleosis (caused by EBV). Pain or discomfort may result from lymphadenopathy or mass effect from growing tumors. Dysfunction may occur in organs affected by PTLD. Lung or heart involvement may result in shortness of breath.

Laboratory findings may show abnormally low white blood cell, red cell counts, and platelet counts. In addition, serum uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase levels may be elevated, while serum calcium levels may be decreased. All of these findings together can suggest tumor lysis syndrome.

Causes
The disease is an uncontrolled proliferation of B cell lymphocytes latently infected with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).  Production of an interleukin-10, an endogenous, pro-regulatory cytokine, has also been implicated.

In immunocompetent patients, Epstein-Barr virus can cause infectious mononucleosis in adolescents, which is otherwise asymptomatic in children during their childhood. However, in immunosuppressed transplant patients, the lack of T-cell immunosurveillance can lead to the proliferation of these EBV-infected B-lymphocytes.

However, calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and ciclosporin), used as immunosuppressants in organ transplantation inhibit T cell function, and can prevent the control of the B cell proliferation.

Depletion of T cells by use of anti-T cell antibodies in the prevention or treatment of transplant rejection further increases the risk of developing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Such antibodies include ATG, ALG and OKT3 (muromonab-CD3).

Polyclonal PTLD may form tumor masses and present with symptoms due to a mass effect, e.g. symptoms of bowel obstruction. Monoclonal forms of PTLD tend to form a disseminated malignant lymphoma.

Diagnosis

Definitive diagnosis is achieved by biopsying the involved tissue, which will reveal lymphoproliferative neoplasia.  Most lesions will show malignant B cells, whereas a minority will show T cell neoplasia. CT imaging may show enlarged lymph nodes or a focal mass. PET scan may be helpful in the evaluation, which may show an increase in metabolic activity (PET avid) lesion, potentially guiding decisions on where to direct biopsies.

Neurologic symptoms, such as confusion or focal weakness, which may suggest involvement of the nervous system.  This may be evaluated with an MRI of the brain with gadolinium based contrast and lumbar spinal tap with testing of the cerebral spinal fluid for EBV viral levels.

The presence of respiratory symptoms, such as cough or shortness of breath, in the setting of immunosuppression may suggest infection.  Opportunistic infections may present in a similar fashion to PTLD.  Evaluation with sputum culture for bacteria, Pneumocystis carinii, and acid fast bacilli, and fungal infections are often helpful.

Treatment
PTLD may spontaneously regress on reduction or cessation of immunosuppressant medication, and can also be treated with addition of anti-viral therapy. In some cases it will progress to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and may be fatal. A phase 2 study of adoptively transferred EBV-specific T cells demonstrated high efficacy with minimal toxicity.

Epidemiology
PTLD is the second most common malignancy that occurs as a complication following solid organ transplantation (skin cancer is the most common). Less commonly, PTLD occurs after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The incidence varies by the type of transplantation: the lowest rates are seen with bone marrow transplants and liver transplants. The highest rates of PTLD are seen with lung and heart transplants, which is primarily due to the need for higher levels of immunosuppression. The incidence of PTLD is highest in the first year after transplantation; roughly 80 percent of cases after transplant occur in the first year. Transplantation of unmatched or mismatched HLA bone marrow also increase the risk of PTLD.

The main risk factors for PTLD are the degree of immune suppression and the presence of Epstein-Barr virus. Specifically, higher levels of T cell immunosuppression increase the risk PTLD. Individuals who have never been infected by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV negative) who receive an organ from a donor with prior EBV infection are 24 times more likely to develop PTLD. Similarly, CMV mismatching (with a CMV negative recipient from a CMV positive donor) increases the risk of PTLD.

References

External links

Transplantation medicine
Lymphoma
Epstein–Barr virus–associated diseases


Şemsi Yılmaz Susamış, (d.1937, Sivas) Türk semazendir.

Semazen olarak Kültür Bakanlığından emekli olan ilk devlet sanatçısıdır. 1947'de semazenliğe başlamış, 13 yıl devlet sanatçısı olarak Kültür Bakanlığı'nda çalışmış ve 2004 yılında emekli olmuştur. Ailesi Sivas'ta Susamışlar Konağı'nın sahibidir. Semazenliğe Susamışlar Konağı'nda başlayan daha sonra Konya'da yıllarca semazenbaşılık yapan Şemsi Yılmaz, Sivas'ta bir semazen grubu kurmuştur. Oğlu ve torunlarını da semazen olarak yetişmektedir.

Sivas ilinde Mevlana Tasavvuf Kültürü ve Sema Derneği Başkanlığını yapmakta olan Susamış, 1962 yılına kadar Şeb-i Arûs törenlerine katılmış ve halen Postnişinlik yapmaktadır.

Kaynakça

Semazenler
1937 doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar

Şemsi Yılmaz Susamış


Paranoia er en dansk kortfilm fra 2007 instrueret af Jesper Troelstrup efter eget manuskript.

Handling
I en lejlighed et sted i København er en arabisk udseende ung mand i gang med at lægge nogle ledninger og en bombe-lignende genstand ned i sin rygsæk. Samtidig hører han med et tomt forstenet blik radionyhederne, der fortæller om den seneste udvikling i Muhammed-krisen. Med rygsækken forlader han i hast lejligheden. Har den unge indvandrer efterhånden fået nok af den danske fremmedfjendskhed og intolerance, og er han nu på vej ud for at gå til yderligheder, for at gøre det vi alle har frygtet?

Medvirkende

 Lars Lippert, Tuncay
 Julie R. Ølgaard, Tuncays forlovede

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2007

Paranoia (film fra 2007)


Birkbach ist ein Name von Fließgewässern:
 Birkbach (Brechbach), linker Zufluss des Brechbachs (zum Stettbach) zwischen Vorderuhlberg und Reishof, beide Orte in der Gemeinde Frankenhardt, Landkreis Schwäbisch Hall, Baden-Württemberg
 Birkbach (Buchbach), rechter Zufluss des Buchbachs (zur Speltach) gegenüber von Oberspeltach, Gemeinde Frankenhardt, Landkreis Schwäbisch Hall, Baden-Württemberg
 Birkbach (Grünsbach), linker Zufluss des Grünsbachs (zur Pielach) bei Hofstetten-Grünau, Bezirk Sankt Pölten-Land, Niederösterreich
 Birkbach (Gunsebach), linker Zufluss des Gunsebachs (zur Simmel, zur Kyll) bei Dahlem, Kreis Euskirchen, Nordrhein-Westfalen
 Birkbach (Morsbach), rechter Zufluss des Morsbachs nach Grünmorsbach, Gemeinde Haibach, Landkreis Aschaffenburg, Bayern

Siehe auch:
 Birkelbach
 Birkenbach

Birkbach


Husarer nr. A 353 er en dansk dokumentarisk optagelse fra 1912.

Handling
Husarerne kaldes til deres heste på kasernepladsen og sadler op. Øvelser i terræn, bl.a. overvågning fra bakketop.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1912
Dokumentariske optagelser
Danmark i 1910'erne
Danmarks militær

Husarer nr. A 353


Nübbel er en kommune og en by i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Fockbek i den centrale del af Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde. Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde ligger i den centrale del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Kommunen ligger vest for Rendsborg ved floden Ejderen. Nordvest for kommunen løber Bundesstraße 203 fra Rendsburg mod Heide. Mod øst løber Ejderen og, kun adskilt af en smal landtange, Kielerkanalen.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens websted
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde

Nübbel


An Panicum elegantissimum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Joseph Dalton Hooker. An Panicum elegantissimum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Panicum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Panicum

Panicum elegantissimum


Bristol, Birleşik Krallık'ın İngiltere ülkesinin Güney Batı bölgesinde bulunan bir törensel kontluk ve tek-seviyeli-yerel-idare-bölgesi ve bir şehirdir. Bristol'a şehir olma krallık beratı 1155'te ve idari kontluk olma beratı ise 1373'te verilmiştir. 13. yüzyıldan beri 500 yıl Bristol İngiltere'nin en büyük üç şehri arasında bulunmuş ve sıralamada yerini ancak 18. yüzyıl sonlarında Kuzey ve Kuzey-Batı İngiltere'deki sanayi şehirlerinin gayet hızla gelişmeleri sonucu kaybetmiştir.

Şehir Avon Nehri kenarında kurulmuştur ve Atlantik Okyanus'una Bristol Körfezinde katılan Severn Nehri Halici kenarlarında da bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle yüzyıllarca Bristol İngiltere'nin en büyük limanlarından biri olmuştur. Ticarî Bristol Limanı önce yüzyıllarca şehir merkezindeyken günümüzde Severn Halicinin ağzına doğru yer değiştirmiş ve şehir sınırlarının hemen batı kenarında bulunan Avonmouth ve Royal Portbury Doklarına geçmiştir. Bristol şehri Somerset ve Gloucestershire kontlukları ile sınırlıdır ve güney-batısında Bath şehri ve kuzeyinde Gloucester şehri bulunmaktadır.

2009 tahminine göre tek-seviyeli-yerel-idare sınırları içinde nüfusu 433.100 kişi ve etrafındaki şehirleşmiş bölgedeki varoşlar, kasabalar ve köyler katılmasıyla tanımlanan "Büyük Şehirsel Bölge (LUZ)" nüfusu 1.006.600 olarak tahmin edilmektedir. Bristol nüfus bakımından Birleşik Krallık'ın altıncı büyük şehri ve Güney-Batı İngiltere bölgesinin en büyük şehirdir.

Bristol bölgesinde ticaret, kültür ve eğitim açısından liderdir. Şehrin ekonomik gücü, mühendislik, havacılık, finansal servisler, medya ve turizm gibi alanlardan gelmektedir.

Şehir birçok eğlence, spor ve alışveriş aktivitesini gerçekleştirebileceğiniz bir yer olduğu gibi aynı zamanda büyük şehirlerde olmayan topluluk hissini de vermektedir. Bristol, karnavalları, festivalleri, barları, müzeleri, sanatçıları ile hem hareketli bir şehirdir hem de dinlenmek isteyenler için birçok olanak sunar.

Şehir 1000 yıllık bir limana sahiptir ama bu tarihi limanlar kapanmış ve eğlence ve sanat aktiviteleri için tekrar düzenlenmiştir. Şehir nüfusuna göre yaşayan insanlar için çok fazla açık alana sahiptir.

Aynı zamanda çok iyi bir ulaşım ağı vardır. Londra ve sahil kentlerine günü birlik gitmek mümkündür. Bristol Uluslararası Havalimanı'nın genişletilmesi ile birlikte daha uzak yerlere gitmek oldukça kolaydır.

Coğrafya ve çevre

Sınırlar

Bristol'un sınırları, şehrin kendisi, gelişmiş bölge veya Greater Bristol dahil olmak üzere birkaç şekilde tanımlanabilir.

Şehir konsey sınırı şehrin en dar tanımıdır. Ancak, batıdaki Severn Estuary'in Flat Holm adalarında (Cardiff, Galler ve Steep Holm'de) biten geniş, kabaca dikdörtgen bir bölümünü içerir. Bu "deniz kenarı uzantı", 1373'te III. Edward tarafından şehre verilen tüzükte belirtilmiş Bristol ilçesi asıl sınırına kadar izlenebilir.

Ulusal İstatistik Ofisi (ONS), Kingswood, Mangotsfield, Stoke Gifford, Winterbourne, Almondsbury, Gordono/ Easton, Whitchurch köyü, Filton, Patchway ve Bradley Stoke gibi Bristol'e bitişik ancak şehir konsey sınırları dışında gelişmiş alanları içeren bir Bristol kentsel alanı tanımlamıştır ancak bu sınır içindeki gelişmemiş alanlar hariç tutulmuştur.

İklim

Ekonomi

Bristol'de çok eskiden beri ticaret yapılır. Eskiden yünlü kumaş ihraç edilir ve balık, şarap, tahıl ve süt ürünleri ithal edilirken sonraları ise tütün, tropik meyveler ve tarla ürünleri ithal edildi. Motorlu taşıtlar, tahıl, kereste, tarım ve petrol ürünleri başlıca ithal edilen ürünlerdi.

13. yüzyıldan beri nehirler rıhtım yapımı için değiştirildi. 1240'larda Frome, Avon Nehri'ne dökülen derin, insan yapımı bir kanala (Aziz Augustine'nin Menzili olarak bilinir) yönlendirildi.

1420'lerde gemiler zaman zaman Bristol'den İzlanda'ya gidiyorlardı. Bristol'dan gelen denizcilerin (Kanada kıyılarına avlarını tuzlamak/tütsülemek için karaya çıkan balıkçılar) Kristof Kolomb veya John Cabot'tan önce Amerika'ya vardıkları tahmin edilmektedir. 1480'lerin başından itibaren Bristol Tüccar Girişimciler Derneği ticaret fırsatları aramak için Kuzey Atlantik'in keşfine mali destek oldu.

1552'de VI. Edward limanı yönetmek için Merchant Venturers'a Kraliyet imtiyaznamesi verdi. Cabot'tan sonra limandan ayrılan kaşifler arasında Martin Frobisher, James Koyu'na adını veren kaptan Thomas James ve 1603'te Cod Burnu ve güney New England kıyılarını keşfeden Martin Pring de vardı.

1670'e gelindiğinde şehrin 6.000 tonluk nakliye tonajı vardı ve bunun yarısı ithal tütündü.

17. yüzyılın sonları ve 18. yüzyılın başlarında ise ticaret filosu köle ticaretine hizmet etti.

18. yüzyılda, Bristol Britanya'nın ikinci en işlek limanıydı ve ticaret Corn Street'teki The Exchange civarındaki ticaret alanında "Nails" (Türkçe: çiviler) denilen bronz masalarda yürütülürdü. Nails kelimesinin "çivi üzerinde nakit" (hemen ödeme) ibaresinden kaynaklandığı belirtilse de, bu tabir muhtemelen kurulumlarından daha önce de kullanılıyordu.

Şehrin ekonomisi havacılık, savunma, medya, bilgi teknolojisi, finansal hizmetler ve turizm endüstrilerine de dayanır.

İngiltere'nin en popüler turistik yerlerinden birisi olan Bristol, 2009 yılında uluslararası seyahat yayıncıları Dorling Kindersley tarafından yetişkin gençlere yönelik Eyewitness rehberlerinde Bristol dünyanın ilk on şehrinden birisi seçildi.

Bristol, Core Cities Group'u oluşturan en büyük sekiz İngiliz şehrinden birisidir. Şehir, Küreselleşme ve Dünya Şehirleri Araştırma Ağınca Gama seviyeli küresel şehir ve dördüncü en yüksek sıradaki İngiliz şehri olarak derecelendirilir.

2017'de Bristol'ün gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla değeri 88.448 £ milyardı. Kişi başına GSYİH 46.000 £ (65.106 $, 57.794 €) idi. Bu miktar ulusal ortalamanın %65 üzerinde olup Londra ve Nottingham'dan sonra üçüncü en yüksek GSYİH'dır. Bristol, Birleşik Krallık'taki Londra, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Belfast ve Nottingham'ın arkasından altıncı en yüksek kişi başına GSYİH'ı olan şehirdir.

2011 nüfus sayımına göre Güney Batı İngiltere için yüzde iki ve ulusal ortalama olan yüzde dört işsizlik yüzdesi ile karşılaştırıldığında, Bristol'ün işsizlik yüzdesi yüzde üç idi.

Artık Bristol ekonomisi 1870'lerde olduğu gibi Avonmouth'taki rıhtımlara ve gemilerin büyüklükleri arttığı için 1977'de Royal Portbury Rıhtımı'na taşınan Bristol Limanı'na bağlı olmamasına rağmen, Bristol İngiltere'ye en çok araba ithalatının yapıldığı yerdir. 1991 yılına kadar kamuya ait olan liman 330 milyon sterlinlik yatırımla kiralandı ve yıllık tonajı 3,9 milyon uzun tondan (4 milyon ton) 11,8 milyona (12 milyon tona) yükseldi. Tütün ithalatı ve sigara üretimi durduruldu ancak şarap ve alkollü içki ithalatı devam etmektedir.

Mali hizmetler sektörü şehirde 59.000 kişiye ve 50 mikro elektronik ve silikon tasarım şirketi ise yaklaşık 5.000 kişiyi istihdam etmektedir.

1983'te Hewlett-Packard Bristol'de ulusal bir araştırma laboratuvarını açtı.

2014'te ise şehir, TripAdvisor tarafından "İngiltere'deki en iyi 10 turistik yer" arasında yedinci oldu.

Kardeş şehirler

 , 1947
 , 2008
 , 1947
 , 1984
 , 1990
 , 2008
 , 1988
 , 2001

Resimler

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Resmî turizm sitesi

İngiltere'deki şehirler

Bristol


An Spiranthes parksii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Donovan Stewart Correll. An Spiranthes parksii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Spiranthes, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Spiranthes

Spiranthes parksii


James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 Şubat 1882 - 13 Ocak 1941) İrlandalı yazar, şair, öğretmen ve edebiyat eleştirmeni. Getirdiği anlatım yenilikleri ile 20. yüzyıl edebiyatını derinden etkilemiştir.

Hayatının erken evresi ve ilk eserleri
James Joyce, 1882 yılında Dublin'de doğdu. Babası, John Stanislaus Joyce ve annesi, Mary Jane Murray Joyce'un beşi yaşayan on çocuğunun en büyüğüydü. Babası ile çeşitli sorunlar yaşasa da annesi ile daha yoğun bir ilişkisi vardı. Cizvit okullarında eğitim gördü; ailenin maddi durumu bozulunca Dublin'deki University College'de felsefe ve sanat okudu. İngiltere'ye karşı bağımsızlık düşüncesini destekleyen İrlanda milliyetçiliğinin yoğun olduğu bir dönemde yetişen Joyce, katolik eğitiminin ardından dini inançlarını sorgulayarak Dublin'den ayrıldı. 1902'de tıp okumak için Paris'e gitse de ertesi yıl ölüm döşeğindeki annesini ziyaret için Dublin'e geri döndü ve edebi eserleri üzerine yoğunlaştı. 1904'te Dublin'i yeniden terk etti. Ancak maddi kısıtlar yaşamını oldukça etkiledi ve bir yandan da eserlerini bastırmakta zorlandı.

1900'de, henüz üniversite öğrencisiyken Ibsen'in bir oyunu üzerine kaleme aldığı uzunca yazı Fortnightly Review dergisinde yayımlandı. O sıralar, daha sonra Chamber Music (Oda Müziği) adlı kitapta toplanacak olan lirik şiirlerini yazmaya başladı. 1904'ten sonra Nora Barnacle'la yaşamaya başladı. 1905'ten 1915'e kadar Trieste'de yaşadılar. 1906 yazında Roma'ya giden Joyce yaklaşık dokuz ay boyunca bir bankada çalıştı. Roma'dan sıkılınca 1907 kışında tekrar Trieste'ye döndü. Trieste'de Berlitz School'da İngilizce öğretmenliği yaptı.

Olgunluk dönemi çalışmaları ve ailesi
George Russell'ın önerisiyle Irish Homestead için yazmaya başladığı öykü kitabı Dublinliler, yazımından 9 yıl sonra 1914 yılında Birleşik Krallık'ta yayımlandı. Joyce, 1915'te tek oyunu olan Sürgünler'i yazdı. Sanatçının Bir Genç Adam Olarak Portresi adli otobiyografik romanı 1916 yılında yayımlandı. Aynı yıl Joyce ve ailesi Zürih'e taşındı. Burada İngiliz Oyuncuları Tiyatrosu'nu kurdu. Büyük bir yoksulluk içinde yaşadıkları Zürih'te en büyük eseri olan Ulysses üzerine çalıştı ve bu kitap Little Review adlı bir Amerikan dergisinde dizi halinde yayımlanmaya başladı. Dizileştirme 1918'de başladı; ancak kitap hakkında ahlaksız ve erotik bulunduğu için dava açılması nedeniyle, 1920'de diziye ara verildi. Yayımcılarla yaşadığı çeşitli zorlukların ardından Ulysses kitap olarak ilk kez Şubat 1922'de Paris'te basıldı. 16 Haziran 1904 günü Dublin'de geçen 24 saati anlatan roman Homeros'un Odysseia'sı üzerine kuruludur. Pek çok yeni tekniğin kullanıldığı roman yayınlandığında büyük yankı uyandırmıştır ve yayınlanmasından çok sonra dahi farklı yorumlama biçimleriyle ele alınmıştır. Kitap 1924'te yeniden basıldı.

Joyce ailesi iki büyük savaş arasında Paris'te kaldı. Bu dönemde son romanı olan Finnegans Wake üzerinde çalıştı. Eşinin Dublin'e dönüşünün etkisiyle 1923'te yazmaya başladığı bu kitap, önce çeşitli bölümleri dergilerde yayınlandıktan sonra, 1939'da basıldı. 1927'de son şiirlerini Poems Penyach adıyla yayınladı. 1929'da edebi çevrelerdeki arkadaşları, Joyce hakkında bir kitap yayınladı. Bu süreçte Nora Barnacle'la resmen evlendi; aynı yıl oğlu da evlendi. 1932'de kızları Lucia'nın şizofreni olması, gelininin de akli dengesini yitirmesiyle ailevi sorunlarla uğraştı.

Ağır hipermetrop olan ve gözlerinden defalarca ameliyat geçiren Joyce, ülser teşhisiyle ameliyat edilse de kurtarılamadı ve 13 Ocak 1941'de öldü. Sanatçının Bir Genç Adam Olarak Portresi'nin ilk taslağı olan Stephen Hero yazarın ölümünden sonra, 1944 yılında basıldı. İlk basımı birçok dizgi yanlışı içeren Ulysses'in aslına uygun halde basılması 1984 yılında gerçekleşti.

Ulysses'in ilk Türkçe çevirisi Nevzat Erkmen tarafından yapıldı ve Yapı Kredi Yayınları tarafından 1996 yılında basıldı. 2012 yılında ise Armağan Ekici çevirisi ile Norgunk Yayıncılık tarafından basıldı.

Eserleri

 Dublinliler
 Sürgünler
 Giacomo Joyce
 Sanatçının Mektupları
 Oda Müziği (Şiirler)
 Sanatçının Bir Genç Adam Olarak Portresi
 Ulysses
 Finnegans Wake

Bazı eserlerinin e-text versiyonları
 Chamber Music
 Dubliners
 A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man
 Ulysses
 Finnegans Wake

Dış bağlantılar

 James Joyce Centre (Dublin)

Kaynakça

1882 doğumlular
Dublin doğumlu yazarlar
1941 yılında ölenler

İrlandalı agnostikler
İsviçre'deki İrlandalı gurbetçiler
İtalya'daki İrlandalı gurbetçiler
Hırvatistan'daki İrlandalı gurbetçiler
19. yüzyılda İrlandalı yazarlar
20. yüzyıl İrlandalı roman yazarları
Ülserden ölenler
Fransa'daki İrlandalı gurbetçiler
İrlandalı şairler
İrlandalı hikâye yazarları
Modernist yazarlar
University College Dublin'de öğrenim görenler
İrlandalı tenorlar

James Joyce


المندرة هي منطقة تقع في مدينة الإسكندرية بجمهورية مصر العربية ويوجد بها شيراتون المنتزه وبها بوابة المنتزه الرئيسية، وتمتاز بموقع استراتيجي جبار بمدينة الإسكندرية حيث تتوسط المناطق السياحية الهاو بالمدينة مثل شاطئ المعمورة وقصر المنتزة وشوارع جمال عبد الناصر وشارع الكورنيش وتحتوى على منطق اثرية مثل طاحونة المندرة والنبوي المهندس.
وهي تمتاز بكترة الحركة داخل شوارعها العامة والفرعيه.وهى تعتبر منطقة سكنية فاخرة ومتوسطة.ويوجد بها شاطئ ممتاز
وتتميز أيضاً بوجود أكثر المحلات احتياجاً للشخص على مدى 24 ساعه.كما يوجد بها خزان مياة المندرة الذي يقوم بتغذية مناطق كثيرة
والمندرة تنقسم الي جزأين المندرة بحري شمال خط سكك حديد قطار أبو قير والمندرة قبلي جنوب خط سكك حديد قطار أبو قير

مراجع

أحياء الإسكندرية
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة الإسكندرية

المندرة (الإسكندرية)


Carl Christoffer Haglund (* 29. März 1979 in Espoo) ist ein finnlandschwedischer Politiker der Schwedischen Volkspartei (sfp) und war von 2012 bis 2015 finnischer Verteidigungsminister.

Haglund erlangte am Mattlidens Gymnasium die Hochschulreife, studierte an der Schwedischen Handelshochschule in Helsinki und schloss als Magister der Wirtschaftswissenschaft ab. Er war von 2001 bis 2005 Generalsekretär der sfp-Jugendorganisation Svensk Ungdom. Anschließend gründete er die finnlandschwedische Gratiszeitung Papper und leitete sie bis 2007. Dann kehrte er als Mitarbeiter der sfp-Minister Astrid Thors und Stefan Wallin in die Politik zurück. 2008 stieg er zu Wallins Staatssekretär im finnischen Kulturministerium auf.

Haglund durchlief bei der sfp Orts-, Kreis- und Landesvorstände. Er war Mitglied im Stadtrat von Espoo. Von 2009 bis 2012 gehörte er dem Europäischen Parlament an. Für ihn rückt Nils Torvalds nach.

Am 10. Juni 2012 wurde Haglund als Nachfolger von Stefan Wallin zum Parteivorsitzenden der sfp gewählt. Kurz danach ersetzte er am 5. Juli 2012 Wallin auch als Verteidigungsminister im Kabinett Katainen. Nach der Parlamentswahl am 19. April 2015 wurde seine Partei nicht mehr an der Regierungsbildung beteiligt; er wurde am 29. Mai 2015 als Verteidigungsminister von Jussi Niinistö (Wahre Finnen) abgelöst (Kabinett Sipilä). Das Amt des Parteivorsitzenden der sfp hatte er bis 2016 inne.

Carl Haglund ist verheiratet und hat zwei Kinder.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Verteidigungsminister (Finnland)
Politiker (Espoo)
Parteifunktionär (Finnland)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Träger des Ordens des Marienland-Kreuzes (I. Klasse)
Person (Hanken Schwedische Handelshochschule)
Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments für Finnland
Mitglied der Schwedischen Volkspartei
Finnlandschwede
Finne
Geboren 1979
Mann

Carl Haglund


Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne  is the expansion pack for Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos, a real-time strategy video game by Blizzard Entertainment. It was released worldwide on July 1, 2003, for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.  The Frozen Throne builds upon the story of Reign of Chaos and depicts the events after the main game's conclusion. The single-player unfolds from the perspective of two new protagonists—the Night Elf warden Maiev Shadowsong and the Blood Elf prince Kael'Thas—as well as returning protagonist Arthas Menethil. Additionally, the expansion contains Act I of a separate Horde campaign that is independent from the main storyline with Blizzard releasing Acts II and III via patch in December 2003, taking in player feedback of Act I when developing these chapters.

The expansion adds new units, buildings and heroes for each faction, two new auxiliary races, five neutral heroes (with three more later added by patches) as well as a number of tweaks to the gameplay and balancing. Sea units were reintroduced which were absent in Reign of Chaos. Battle.net-powered multiplayer was expanded by the addition of clans, automated tournaments and new maps and custom scenarios.

Development began in October 2002, shortly after the release of the main game and the expansion was announced on January 22, 2003. Public beta tests allowed 20,000 players in two waves to try the new features. Support continues even after release, with Blizzard adding new content and balancing changes as well as support for newer hardware.

The Frozen Throne received generally favorable reviews from critics. Most reviewers praised the mission design of the single-player campaign for positively deviating from the standard real-time strategy game formula. The design and audio of the new units was generally considered fitting, though a few critics bemoaned the graphics and some of the voice-acting. By August 15, 2003, it had sold more than one million copies.

Gameplay

Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne is a real-time strategy video game that puts players in control of a group of units and buildings in order to achieve a variety of goals. The expansion fine-tunes the gameplay of the main game rather than changing it. The food limit and the upkeep requirements, which dealt a penalty on resource gain when too many units were active at the same time, have both been increased slightly, leading to the ability to mobilize somewhat larger and more powerful forces. The cost of buildings has been decreased as well, allowing for a quicker start of the game. The weapon and armor type system has been completely revamped and a lot of units have had their weapon or armor types changed, and the weapon types are effective and ineffective against different armor types compared to Reign of Chaos. Changes to building costs and the addition of new early-game defensive structures serve to deter early-game tactics that relied on rushing the enemy with hero units. In addition to treasure items found in the main game, enemies now will also leave "runes" upon defeat that can be used to replenish health or mana. In addition, The Frozen Throne re-introduces naval battles, which were previously featured in Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness and its expansion, but almost completely absent in Warcraft III.

For each faction, The Frozen Throne adds several new units and buildings, including a player-controlled shop, and one new hero, a kind of powerful unit which each can only be recruited once, per faction. To complement the new shop, normal units can be upgraded to carry items. Two new Factions, the Naga and Draenei, have also been added. The Naga feature in all four campaigns and have their own production and defense buildings as well as unique units with separate skills. While enemies in some single-player missions, players can control them in others. The Draenei on the other hand are found only in one of the campaigns and are classified by Blizzard as creeps, i.e. neutral units that attack all parties equally. The expansion also added five neutral hero units, some of which appear in the single player campaigns. Neutral heroes can be used in melee maps via the Tavern, a neutral building used to hire them. The tavern can also instantly revive any fallen hero, with an increased resource cost, and reduced health and mana of the revived hero.

The single player missions have been given more varied objectives, ranging from controlling multiple armies at the same time to forcing players to make do with only a limited number of units. Unlike in previous Warcraft games, Blizzard did not include the orcs in the main campaign. According to level designer Tim Campbell, the company failed to come up with a plausible story-based reason why orcs should appear in the main story line. Blizzard instead decided to create a more RPG-driven campaign that focuses on controlling one or multiple heroes on a network of interlinked maps. As such, base building, resource gathering and unit training are absent from most of the campaign while heroes can be leveled up past the normal 10-level limit. The Horde campaign contains almost 40 items specifically created for it. Both campaigns combined add approximately 40 hours of new gameplay.

When playing against the computer on a custom map, players can now select a difficulty level for the computer opponent. The multiplayer aspect was expanded upon with the implementation of clans and automated tournaments that include a strict 30-minute time limit. It also added the ability to chat with others while waiting for a game. The expansion includes 62 new multiplayer maps and custom scenarios based on popular mods and allows up to twelve players at the same time. If an ally leaves the game, their resources are now shown in a separate window and can be transferred.

The Frozen Throne also includes an improved version of the World Editor program that can be used to create custom maps and scenarios to play against the computer or other players. The improved World Editor allows the user to do more custom work with regards to editing skills, providing more functions in the triggers, new units, more global map settings, and three new tile-sets to work with. Creators can now link multiple maps together and make events on one map affect another map. The Horde campaign was specifically made with the goal in mind of showcasing what the new World Editor was capable of. While Blizzard does not officially support the World Editor, the Frozen Throne version offers more options and documentation.

Synopsis

Settings and characters

The Frozen Throne takes place on the fictional high fantasy world of Azeroth. In the main game, the human paladin Arthas Menethil was corrupted by the Lich King Ner'zhul, an undead sorcerer entrapped in ice (the titular "Frozen Throne"), and became his lieutenant. Arthas invaded the High Elven kingdom and killed its general, Sylvanas Windrunner, whom he resurrected to serve him. He then paved the way for an invasion by the Burning Legion—a demonic force from another realm—who were ultimately defeated by an alliance of elves, humans, and orcs. In the events leading up to the victory against the Legion, Night Elf leader Tyrande Whisperwind freed the imprisoned Illidan Stormrage. However, Illidan consumed a demonic relic, becoming half-demon himself, and was cast out. After the Burning Legion's defeat, Illidan was contacted by Kil'jaeden, one of the remaining masters of the Legion, who tasks him with destroying the rebellious Lich King.

The expansion introduces new factions to the game's universe: The Blood Elves, former High Elves that now suffer from addiction to magic; the Naga, mutated former Night Elves; the Draenei, the original inhabitants of Draenor, the orc homeworld now known as Outland; and the Pandaren, a race of globetrotting, anthropomorphic pandas. The Frozen Throne follows the quest of the Night Elf warden Maiev Shadowsong to recapture the renegade Illidan Stormrage, Blood Elf prince Kael'thas' struggle with the Alliance and subsequent service to Illidan, Arthas' attempt to rescue the Lich King from Illidan's assault, and Sylvanas Windrunner's fight for independence. The Horde campaign is separate from the other three, being a stand-alone story and using more role-playing game mechanics over real-time strategy game mechanics. The campaign chronicles the early days of the Horde's newly established kingdom from the perspective of the beastmaster hero Rexxar.

Plot
Maiev Shadowsong pursues the fugitive Illidan to a set of islands. There, she finds Illidan has allied himself with the Naga and obtained an artifact called the Eye of Sargeras, forcing Maiev to call on Illidan's brother Malfurion Stormrage and Malfurion's wife Tyrande Whisperwind for aid. Illidan flees with the eye to the kingdom of Lordaeron. When Tyrande is swept away by a river while helping a group of Blood Elves led by the prince Kael'thas, Maiev convinces Malfurion that she died to maintain their pursuit of Illidan. They capture Illidan and destroy the Eye, which Illidan reveals he was using to destroy the Lich King. When Kael'thas informs him that Tyrande may still be alive, he uses the Naga to help Malfurion find and rescue her. In thanks, Malfurion pardons him for his past crimes. With Maiev still in pursuit, Illidan flees to Outland.

In Lordaeron, the Blood Elves are in an uneasy alliance with Garithos, the racist human commander of the remaining Alliance forces. When their prince Kael'thas is only able to complete a number of demeaning tasks with the help of Illidan's Naga, Garithos imprisons Kael'thas and his forces for treason. The Naga leader rescues them and leads them to Outland, where they join forces with Illidan, who promises to satisfy their addiction to magic. Together, they take over Outland. Illidan's master Kil'jaeden finds Illidan and plans to punish him for failing to destroy the Lich King, but decides not to when Illidan claims that he traveled to Outland to recruit forces for a new assault.

Arthas returns to the Undead-controlled regions of Lordaeron where three dreadlords loyal to the Burning Legion - Balnazzar, Detheroc, and Varimathras - rule. Arthas informs them of the Legion's defeat and retreat before declaring himself king. While purging the kingdom of the remnants of the Alliance aided by Sylvanas Windrunner and the Lich Kel'Thuzad, Arthas notices that his powers have diminished. The Lich King telepathically contacts Arthas and explains his loss of power is a result of Illidan's attacks, and summons him to defend the Frozen Throne. Arthas leaves for Northrend where he, with the help of the Lich King's minions, defeats Illidan in a duel. Arthas shatters the ice of the throne and dons the Lich King's helmet, thereby joining their souls and becoming the new Lich King. Meanwhile, in Lordaeron, Sylvanas is freed from the Lich King's control. With the help of Varimathras, she kills the remaining two dreadlords and Garithos and declares Lordaeron the home of the free undead, rechristened the "Forsaken".

Untouched by the events in Lordaeron and Northrend, Horde Warchief Thrall builds a new kingdom called Durotar on the continent of Kalimdor. Rexxar, a half-ogre beastmaster and adventurer, is tasked by Thrall and other inhabitants to help build the kingdom. He is aided by Rokhan, a troll shadow hunter. Rexxar learns that humans from the island of Theramore plan to invade Durotar, led by Admiral Daelin Proudmoore, who is unwilling to accept the truce between humans and the Horde. With the help of the admiral's guilt-ridden daughter, Jaina Proudmoore, he leads an assault on Theramore, slays the admiral, and leaves Jaina in command of the city.

Development
Immediately after the release, Blizzard began brainstorming content for an expansion and development began in October 2002. The Frozen Throne was officially announced on January 22, 2003. With the previous success of StarCraft: Brood War, expectations were high for Blizzard to create another expansion that rivaled the original in both length and new content. A main focus when developing the expansion was studying the way players used the different races and units in order to identify in which area each race needed to be strengthened, leading to the development of new units and spells to meet these demands. Examples include giving Orcs a low level way to heal units and adding a human unit that can disable enemy towers from the air. When designing the campaigns, the levels were created with the new heroes' abilities in mind.

Blizzard's Bill Roper first offered a preview of the new expansion in February 2003 before Blizzard debuted the single player campaign at E3 2003. Roper also teased that the Naga would be introduced as a new race, which ultimately was not included in the final expansion. On February 14, 2003, Blizzard announced the first beta test for the game, which offered 10,000 players a chance to sample the game. On March 10, 2003, 10,000 more players were selected to participate in the beta test. On April 1, 2003, Blizzard teased that the Pandaren would become a fifth faction in the upcoming expansion and even created an entry on the official homepage detailing heroes, history and units. While this was only an elaborate April Fools' Day prank, the final expansion did include the Pandaren Brewmaster as one of the neutral heroes which could also be unlocked in single-player in a secret mission. On May 29, 2003, Blizzard announced that the expansion set had "gone gold". It was released worldwide on July 1, 2003.

Blizzard continued to support The Frozen Throne with new patches that fixes problems and added new content, such as adding an additional neutral hero in May 2004 and two more in August 2004. The expansion also only included the first chapter of the Horde campaign upon release with Acts II and III released as part of a patch in December 2003. This allowed Blizzard to take fan feedback into account when creating the next two chapters of the campaign. There have been many patches released for the game, including patch 1.21b, which allowed the game to be started without the official CD. In April 2018, Blizzard integrated proper widescreen support for the first time, more than 15 years after the game's original release.

Reception

Critical reception

The Frozen Throne received a rating of 88/100 from review aggregator Metacritic indicating generally positive reviews from critics, with only a single review below 80.

Critics liked that the new units and heroes fit well visually in the existing game world and compared the quality of the cinematics favorably to the highly praised cinematics of the main game. Both the voice acting and the new music were noted positively by reviewers, although Strategy Gaming Online noted that the music repeats itself too often. Conversely, PC Gamer considered the cutscenes using the in-game graphics dated and called the voice-acting "a tad amateurish". 4Players and Game Informer also criticized the low resolution graphics. GameSpy found most unit voices excellent but criticized that the whole troll race sounds like "Rastafarian outcasts".

The new heroes and units were widely considered a good fit and helpful for improving balance by negating some problematic areas, such as the Night Elves' lack of tank units. IGN particularly liked the Naga in both design and concept, especially the fact that they have their own advantages and magical abilities. GameStar and PC Games lauded that the new mechanics of defeated enemies leaving health and mana runes in missions with limited units helps avoid previously necessary regenerating phases, improving the game's flow.

Most reviewers praised the variety of missions in the single player campaign as a feat of storytelling and innovation, especially that the standard "build base, recruit units, kill enemy" formula was only used in a few missions. GameSpot even called it the "most skillfully designed single-player scenarios" of any real-time strategy game to that date and appreciated how the varied missions are still all plausible in the context of the game. Despite the praise, reviews also noted that the expansion's story is more buildup than resolution when it is supposed to be the culmination of the main game's storyline. PC Gamer also criticized the story as being too long to be interesting, dismissing the Night Elf campaign as mostly unnecessary. Many reviewers also liked the choice to have a separate Orc campaign with its RPG elements, likening the gameplay to Blizzard's Diablo series. Conversely, many critics also found it annoying that enemies respawn in the Horde campaign, forcing players to replay the same fights.

The improved multiplayer and skirmish options, especially the various new AI difficulty levels and the multiplayer improvements with clans, tournaments, and ranked game searches, were praised by critics. GameSpot also emphasized in its review that many new unit types were designed to counter particular strategies in multiplayer, while GameSpy found that the new units focusing on countering magic leads to a more involved multiplayer game. Strategy Gaming Online opined that the multiplayer "felt like a letdown" as it lacks some of the features of the campaign but admitted that the improvements made were significant and enhanced the experience. Like a number of other critics, Strategy Gaming Online bemoaned that the Naga were not added as a new playable race for multiplayer.

Sales
The Frozen Throne was the most-sold PC game in the first three weeks of July 2003 and was also the best-selling PC game of June 2003 due to preorders. The expansion sold more than one million copies by August 15, 2003. The Frozen Throne received a "Silver" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 100,000 copies in the United Kingdom.

Accolades
German video gaming magazine GameStar called The Frozen Throne the best add-on in PC gaming history and as of July 2018 had not awarded another score as high as the expansion has. The editors of Computer Gaming World nominated The Frozen Throne for their 2003 "Expansion Pack of the Year" award, but it lost to Battlefield 1942: Secret Weapons of WWII. It was also a runner-up for Computer Games Magazines "Expansion of the Year" award, which ultimately went to EverQuest: Lost Dungeons of Norrath. The Age called The Frozen Throne the best expansion pack for PC of 2003, while GameSpot named it the best computer game of July 2003. At the first Spike Video Game Awards in 2003, The Frozen Throne was nominated for the "Best PC Game" and "Best Animation" category, but lost to Halo: Combat Evolved and Dead or Alive Xtreme Beach Volleyball respectively.

Legacy

The Frozen Throne's Horde campaign lays the groundwork for World of Warcraft with many of the player's actions in the campaign being later explored in the MMORPG. Similarly, other elements that were introduced or fleshed out in the expansion went on to become the focus in World of Warcraft expansions, such the Draenei and Blood Elves as well as the world of Outland in The Burning Crusade, the fall and death of Arthas as the Lich King in Wrath of the Lich King and the Pandaren race in Mists of Pandaria. In 2017, Blizzard released an expansion to their Hearthstone digital collectible card game entitled Knights of the Frozen Throne that, among other allusions to The Frozen Throne, contains an undead version of Rexxar the beastmaster. The majority of the playable heroes added in the expansion The Frozen Throne, including five neutral heroes, reprised their role in the crossover multiplayer online battle arena Heroes of the Storm. A Night Elf unit from the expansion, the Mountain Giant, appears as a boss in the Warcraft-themed battleground.

References

External links

2003 video games
Blizzard games
Esports games
MacOS games
Real-time strategy video games
Video game expansion packs
Video games developed in the United States
Video games written by Chris Metzen
Frozen Throne
Windows games
Warcraft III
Apple Design Awards recipients

Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne


RMA may refer to:

Business and technology
 Rogue Music Alliance, American independent record label
 Radio Manufacturers Association, standards and trades association from 1924–1950
 Regionalmedien Austria, Austrian media company
 Reliability, Maintainability, and Availability analysis, in reliability and systems engineering
 Return merchandise authorization, returning goods to the supplier for repair or replacement
 Relationship Management Application, a service offered by SWIFT
 Rate-Monotonic Analysis, the qualitative method used to prepare a system for Rate-monotonic scheduling
 U.S. Rubber Manufacturers Association

Education
 Randolph-Macon Academy, a preparatory school in Virginia
 Rubin Museum of Art, a museum in New York City
 Riverside Museum Associates, a non-profit that supports the Riverside Metropolitan Museum
 Royal Musical Association, British musicological organization

Government and law
 Resource Management Act 1991, an Act of Parliament in New Zealand
 Respect for Marriage Act, a 2022 United States federal law that protects same-sex and interracial marriages.
 Richmond Metropolitan Authority, an authority in Richmond, Virginia
 Regional Mobility Authority, an independent local government transportation agency in the U.S. state of Texas
 Risk Management Agency, an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture
 Reedley Municipal Airport, a public airport in Reedley, California

Medicine
 Refusal of medical assistance, where a patient or their medical power of attorney refuses treatment or transport to a hospital by emergency medical services.
 Registered medical assistant, in jurisdictions where "medical assistant" is a protected title

Military
 Rocky Mountain Arsenal, near Denver, Colorado
 Royal Marine Artillery, formerly a part of the Royal Marines
 Royal Military Academy (disambiguation), several military institutions
 Reichsmarineamt, the Admiralty of Imperial Germany's navy (historic)
 Revolution in Military Affairs, the recent rapid development of military technology and its corresponding impact on warfare

Other
 Contracted form of Real Madrid CF, a football club in Spain
 MTV Russian Music Awards
 Roma Airport, IATA airport code "RMA"

RMA


Ioan Botoș (n. 11 aprilie 1870, Ungheni – d. 31 iulie  1961, Ungheni) a fost un deputat în Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, organismul legislativ reprezentativ al "tuturor românilor din Transilvania, Banat și Țara Ungurească", cel care a adoptat hotărârea privind Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, la 1 decembrie 1918.

Biografie
Născut în localitatea Ungheni în anul 1870, de confesiune greco-catolică, a urmat studiile la Școala elementară maghiară. S-a ocupat în timpul vieții de agricultură, devenind mai târziu primar în localitatea natală. A participat la organizarea Consiliului Național și a Gărzii Naționale Române din localitate. După anul 1918 a fost membru în comitetul de cenzori la Banca populară Înaintarea. Sfârșitul vieții l-a găsit la data de 31 iulie 1961.

Activitatea politică
A fost ales ca delegat titular al cercului electoral Acățari, la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia de la 1 decembrie 1918.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioan I. Șerban, Dorin Giurgiu, Ionela Mircea, Nicolae Josan, Dicționarul personalităților Unirii. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Muzeul Național al Unirii, Alba Iulia, 2003, ISBN 973-8141-90-7
 Gelu Neamțu, Mircea Vaida-Voevod, 1 decembrie 1918. Mărturii ale participanților, vol. I-II, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2005, ISBN 973-27-1258-9 (vol. I); ISBN 973-27-1264-3 (vol. II)

Lectură suplimentară
 Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Muzeul Național Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, 1998
 Florea Marin, Medicii și Marea Unire, Editura Tipomur, Târgu Mureș, 1993
 Silviu Borș, Alexiu Tatu, Bogdan Andriescu, (coord.), Participanți din localități sibiene la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, Editura Armanis, Sibiu, 2015

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Legături externe
  Membrii de drept ai Marii Adunării Naționale de la Alba-Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, lista publicată în "Gazeta Oficială", Sibiu, nr. 1, 1/14 decembrie 1918

Nașteri în 1870
Decese în 1961
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Agricultori români
Primari din România

Ioan Botoș


USS Denver (LPD-9), an , was the third ship of United States Navy to bear this name. Denvers keel was laid on 7 July 1964 at Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company, Seattle, Washington. She was launched on 23 January 1965, christened by Mrs. Ann Daniels Love, wife of John A. Love, the former governor of Colorado, and commissioned on 26 October 1968. After 46 years of service, Denver was decommissioned at Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam on 14 August 2014. At the time of her decommissioning, Denver was the oldest deployable warship in the U.S. Navy, and was one of the last active warships to have served in Vietnam.

History

Vietnam War
In 1970, Denver played a key role in the SS Columbia Eagle incident. When Columbia Eagle was commandeered by two mutinous crew members on 14 March 1970, Denver was immediately dispatched to intercept and recapture Columbia Eagle. Denver never really caught up with Columbian Eagle, and sat outside the  limits of Cambodia (to where Columbia Eagle had been diverted) for a few days then departed the area.

On 21 July 1972 United States Marine Corps AH-1 helicopters operating from Denver attacked North Vietnamese barges  north-northwest of Đồng Hới.

In April 1975, Denver participated in Operation Frequent Wind, the evacuation of Saigon, South Vietnam.

Somalia Conflict 1993

Denver left her home port of San Diego on 3 September 1993 and deployed with 900 Marines and a platoon from Seal Team 5 to support operations in Somalia as part of United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II).

Collision with USNS Yukon
On 13 July 2000, the ship was participating in a refueling exercise near the end of a deployment. Denver, off the coast of Oahu, collided with its refueling vessel, . Denvers bow was seriously damaged. It remained in port at Pearl Harbor undergoing repairs for two weeks.

Typhoon Morakot
Beginning on 17 August 2009 Denver started rendering humanitarian assistance to Taiwan due to the destruction caused by Typhoon Morakot. Denver was tasked independently to render aid, led by Captain Donald Schmieley along with two embarked squadrons, HM-14 and HSC-25.

Cooperating closely with Taiwan Army and Air Force, they were supporting efforts by airlifting food, medical supplies, and providing heavy lift support for earth moving equipment to assist with recovery efforts. Due to the sensitive nature surrounding Taiwan, especially with the One China policy, the Department of Defense did not publicly announce relief efforts. Denver was planned to be in the vicinity of Taiwan until 22 August 2009 to render aid to the people of Taiwan. Denver had just completed the exercise Talisman Saber 2009 and was on her way to her homeport when she was directly tasked with this humanitarian mission.

2008 hull swap
In 2008 Denver replaced . The crew from Juneau took all relevant gear and documents from Juneau and transferred them to Denver. Denver was then home-ported at Sasebo Naval Base, Japan, where it would remain until being decommissioned.

2009 Sumatra earthquakes
Denver was sent to Sumatra to assist in the recovery efforts following the earthquakes there in September 2009.

2010
During the 2010 Fall Patrol, from 1 September to 25 November 2010, Denver accompanied  and  on a tour of Southeast Asia. During the patrol, Denver took part in the 60th anniversary of the invasion of Incheon, Korea and assisted the Philippines in the wake of Typhoon Megi. On 17 November, Denver, Essex and Harpers Ferry became the first U.S. warships to visit Hong Kong's Victoria Harbour in more than two years.

2011
The ship departed Sasebo in September 2011 for a patrol of the western Pacific. Accompanying the ship were  and USS Essex.

2012
In fall 2012, Denver departed for the 31st MEU fall patrol. During certification exercises around Guam, Denvers boilers suffered severe damage. After three weeks of repair at Guam, Denver left to continue patrol. Denver finished the patrol with limited power.

Decommissioning
Denver was decommissioned on 14 August 2014 at Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam in Hawaii. She had been the oldest active duty ship in the US Navy behind . Upon Denvers decommissioning,  became the Navy's second oldest ship. The US government had offered to sell the ship to Malaysia to replace KD Sri Inderapura which was destroyed by fire in an incident in 2009.

The Navy announced that  would replace Denver in Sasebo in summer 2015.

On 22 July 2022, Denver was sunk during a sinking exercise (SINKEX), as part of a multinational exercise Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) 2022, approximately  northwest of Kauai, Hawaii. She was hit by U.S. Navy F/A-18F Super Hornets long range anti-ship missile; United States Army AH-64 Apache helicopters shot air-to-ground Hellfire missiles, rockets, and 30 mm guns; and Marine Corps F/A-18C/D Hornets fired AGM-88 HARM missiles, followed by a Harpoon (AGM-84) missile, and JDAMs. She was also shelled by  with her Mark 45  gun, Japanese Self Defence Force Type 12 Surface-to-Ship Missiles and the U.S. Army's High Mobility Artillery Rocket System, sinking her in  of water in the Pacific Ocean.

References

External links

 USS Denver (LPD-9) command histories – Naval History & Heritage Command

Austin-class amphibious transport docks
Cold War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Vietnam War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Ships built by Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company
1965 ships
Ships_sunk_as_targets

USS Denver (LPD-9)


Pet Airways était une compagnie aérienne américaine basée à Delray Beach, en Floride, spécialisée dans le transport aérien d'animaux de compagnie qui opéra entre 2009 et 2011. La compagnie prétendait être la première conçue spécifiquement pour le transport d'animaux de compagnie où ceux-ci volaient dans la cabine principale et non dans la soute. Après que Pet Airways ait cessé ses activités en 2011, sa maison mère, PAWS Pet Company Inc., est passé dans le domaine pharmaceutique et a changé son nom en Praxsyn Corporation.

En avril 2021, 10 ans après la fin de ses activités, le site Internet de Pet Airways indiquait que la compagnie prévoyait de relancer ses vols après la  pandémie de COVID-19, "espérant pour mi-2022".

Histoire
L'entreprise a été fondée par Dan Wiesel et Alysa Binder, qui ont eu l'idée lors de la planification d'un voyage aérien avec leur chien. Le lancement de la société a été financé par un groupe d'investisseurs.

La compagnie a opéré de 2009 à 2011, avant de cesser ses vols. Au moment de l'arrêt des opérations, plus de  de compagnie avaient été transportés.

En février 2012, le New York Times rapporta que Pet Airways avait rencontré des problèmes financiers. Dans un dossier réglementaire ce même mois, la société déclara:  En 2011, la compagnie aérienne cessa définitivement ses activités.

Services
Lorsque la compagnie aérienne a commencé en 2009, le billet d'avion par animal commençait à ,  et était basé sur la taille de l'animal et la distance parcourue. Le coût moyen était d'environ  par vol, bien qu'un vol individuel puisse coûter plus de  pour un gros animal. Les vols pouvaient être réservés en ligne.

Les animaux de compagnie («pawsengers», dans la terminologie de la compagnie, mot valise traduisible par « pattengers ») étaient enregistrés dans un salon réservé aux animaux de compagnie dans chaque aéroport où la compagnie aérienne opérait. Les propriétaires pouvaient suivre leurs animaux de compagnie en vol via le site Internet de la compagnie. Le personnel de la compagnie aérienne faisaient faire des promenades à tous les animaux  avant l'embarquement et des pauses toilettes. Pendant le vol, les animaux de compagnie étaient sous la garde de préposés formés qui les contrôlaient  au moins toutes les 15 minutes pendant toute la durée du vol.

Destinations
La compagnie lança son premier vol hebdomadaire le , desservant neuf villes américaines : New York, Baltimore / Washington, DC, Chicago, Omaha, Fort Lauderdale, Atlanta, Phoenix, Denver et Los Angeles. En avril 2011, elle a annoncé l'ajout de trois destinations au Texas (Dallas, Houston et Austin), St. Louis et Orlando, mais n'a pas débuté ses liaisons. Pet Airways avait annoncé son intention de s'étendre à 25 villes d'ici la fin de 2011.

En avril 2011, Pet Airways desservait 11 destinations :

Arizona
 Mesa (aéroport de Mesa-Falcon Field, )
Californie
 Hawthorne, comté de Los Angeles ()
Colorado
 Broomfield (, zone métropolitaine Denver-Aurora)
Floride
 Fort Lauderdale (aéroport international de Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood), Orlando
Georgie
 Atlanta  ()

Illinois
 Chicago (aéroport international Midway de Chicago)
Maryland
 Baltimore (aéroport international Thurgood Marshall de Baltimore-Washington)
Nebraska
 Omaha (aéroport Eppley d'Omaha)
New York
 Farmingdale (, Grand New York)

Références

Liens externes
 Site officiel

Delray Beach
Association ou organisme lié aux animaux
Animal de compagnie
Compagnie aérienne américaine disparue

Pet Airways


Piramidalni sirak (kukuruzar, alepski sirak, piramidasti sirak, lat. Sorghum halepense), trajnica iz porodice trava, rod sirak, raširena od Makaronezije preko sjeverne Afrike, jugozapadne i središnje Azije do Indokine, a danas se nalazi gotovo po cijelom svijetu.

Ima uspravnu glatku stabljiku koja naraste do 2 metra visine. Ime je dobila po metličastim cvatovima na vrhovima stabljika koji su piramidalnog oblika. Cvate od lipnja do rujna. Plod je pšeno, a jedna biljka u sezoni proizvede 1500 do 1800 sjemenki. Kako je česta na kultiviranim zemljištima smatraju je korovom. Štetna je za kukuruzišta jer je domaćin nekim biljnim ušima i nematodama koje parazitiraju na kukuruzu. Piramidalni sirak luči i tvari koje sprječavaju klijanje drugih biljaka a djeluje inhibitorno i na bakterije koje ispuštaju dušik u tlo.

Izvori

Sirak

Piramidalni sirak


Lundazi es una localidad, capital de su distrito en la provincia Oriental, Zambia. Está situada cerca de la frontera con Malaui. Cuenta con una pista aérea, escuela y hotel. El idioma principal es el tumbuka.

En 2010 contaba con una población de 16 017 personas.

Referencias

Localidades de Zambia
Distritos de Zambia

Lundazi