أنطونيو سانت إيليا (كومو، 30 أبريل 1888 - مونفالكوني، 10 أكتوبر 1916) مهندس إيطالي، ينتمي إلى المستقبلية. تخرج في كومو في 1906 من مدرسة "G. Castellini" للفنون والحرف بمعدل 160/200، ثم انتقل إلى مدرسة "Belle Arti di Brera" في ميلانو حتى 1909 وحصل على درجات جيدة. توظف كضابط وفي العام التالي حصل على وظيفة في قسم الهندسة في بلدية ميلانو.

في عام 1913 درس رسم معماري في بولونيا، في نفس الوقت فتح في ميلانو مكتب للهندسة المعمارية.
تقرب إلى الحركة المستقبلية وانضم اليها في 1914. بين 1912 و 1914، تأثر بالمدن الصناعية في الولايات المتحدة وبمهندسين فيينا مثل اوتو فاغنر (Otto Wagner) وجوزيف ماريا اولبريخ (Josef Maria Olbrich). بدأ سلسلة من رسومات للمدينة الجديدة التي لم تكن سوى رؤية مستقبلية لميلانو.

كثير من هذه الرسوم تم عرضها في المعرض الأول والوحيد للاتجاهات الجديدة للحركة، الذي كان فيها عضوا في أيار / مايو / يونيو 1914 في معرض «الفن أسرة». اليوم العديد من هذه التصاميم موجودة في معرض دائم في فيلا اولمو (Villa Olmo)، بالقرب من كومو.

أيضا من 1914 هو بيان للالمستقبلي، اعاد بالكامل صياغة بيان العمارة المستقبلية، والنص ما يلي:
«القيمة الزينية للعمارة المستقبلية تعتمد فقط الاستخدام والترتيب الأصلي للمواد الخامة أو المكشوفة أو الملونة بعنف.»

وكما ورد في هذا البيان، رسومة تعرض مجموعات مبالغ بها وترتياب على نطاق واسع بسطوح وكتل تخلق الأجواءالتعبيرية الصناعية والبطولية. رؤيته كانت عبارة عن مدينة للمستقبل على درجة عالية من التصنيع والميكانيكية، الذي لا يعتبرها كتلة من البنيات المتفرقة بل كمبنى ضخم، متعدد المستويات مترابطة ومتكاملة مصممة حول الحياة اليومية.تصميماتة مؤثرة للغاية بناطحات السحاب الضخمة المتجانسة مع مدرجات، جسور، ممرات جوية التي تجسد مجرد الاثارة للعمارة الحديثة والتكنولوجيا.

معرض صور

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص من كومو
أفراد عسكريون إيطاليون قتلوا في الحرب العالمية الأولى
مستقبلية
معماريون إيطاليون
معماريون إيطاليون في القرن 20
معماريون حداثيون
مواليد 1880
مواليد 1888
مواليد في كومو
وفيات 1916

أنطونيو سانت إيليا


An Aloe otallensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Gilbert Baker. An Aloe otallensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aloe, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ethiopia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Aloe

Aloe otallensis


Shilin District (also spelled Shihlin District, ) is a district of Taipei. The central command center of the Republic of China Navy (ROCN) is located in Shilin.

History
The name Shilin was derived from Pattsiran, the indigenous Ketagalan word for "hot springs". It was then transliterated into Chinese as "" (), which has been written as Pat-chi-na or Pachina.

Prior to Han Chinese settlement, the area was home to the Kimassauw community () of the Taiwanese indigenous peoples. During the Qing era, a fort was set up, later called Zhilan Yi Bao (first fort/settlement of Pattsiran, ). By the late Qing dynasty, "many literary talents from Shilin had passed the imperial examination", prompting the local gentry to rename it Shilin (), meaning "congregation of scholars and talents".

In the 1920s under Japanese colonial rule, the area was organized as  and in 1933 , under , Taihoku Prefecture. In 1945 after World War II, it was modified to Shilin Township (), Taipei County ().

Shilin is foremost a residential district and has several famous neighborhoods, such as Waishuangxi () and Tianmu. Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek lived in Shilin after moving the Chinese Nationalist government to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War. The district is divided up into 51 villages (), which are further divided up into 987 neighborhoods ().

The district can be said to be the origin of culture in Taipei. During the Qing Dynasty, many private, public and community schools were opened in the area. During the Japanese era, a national learning center was set up at Zhishanyan.

Education

Shilin has three universities: Ming Chuan University, Soochow University, and the Chinese Culture University. Several international schools, including the Taipei American School, Taipei Japanese School, The Primacy Collegiate Academy and Taipei European School are located in this district. The district is also home to two vocational colleges, four senior high schools, eight junior high schools, and twenty elementary schools.

The National Taiwan Science Education Center is also located in this district, along with the Taipei Astronomical Museum, the Shung Ye Museum of Formosan Aborigines, and the world-renowned National Palace Museum.

Institutions
 Commercial Office of Brazil to Taipei
 Embassy of Eswatini in Taipei

Tourism

The district is home to many national historical sites, including historical temples, markets, and buildings. Tourist attractions include:
 Yangmingshan National Park
 Shihlin Paper Mill
 National Palace Museum
 Taipei Astronomical Museum
 National Taiwan Science Education Center
 Chien Mu House
 Hwa Kang Museum
 Chiang Kai-shek's Shilin Official Residence
 Shilin Shennong Temple
 Lin Yutang House
 Tianmu White House
 Taiwan Traditional Theatre Center
 Chin Shan Yen Hui Chi Temple
 Chin Shan Yen Gate
 Taipei Children's Amusement Park
 Shilin Night Market
Shilin Cixian Temple

The Tatun Volcano Group is located northeast of the district. The district is also the location of the Tianmu Baseball Stadium, Bailing Sport Park, Shilin Fitness Center and Chinese Culture and Movie Center. The Shuangxi Park and Chinese Garden is also located in Shilin.

Transportation

In addition to many bus lines, the district is served by Jiantan, Shilin, and Zhishan metro stations of the Taipei Metro Tamsui-Xinyi Line. It is served by Provincial Highway No. 2A and 2B, as well as many other major roads that run through the city.

Sister cities

Los Altos, California, USA
Walnut, California, USA

Notable natives

 Chang Hsin-yan, actress
 Huang Ching-yin, politician
 Ko Chia-yen, actress
 Miu Chu, singer
 Selina Jen, singer and actress

See also
 District (Taiwan)

References

External links

Districts of Taipei

Shilin District


Return of the Reaper šesnaesti je studijski album njemačkog heavy metal sastava Grave Digger. Diskografska kuća Napalm Records objavila ga je 11. srpnja 2014. Posljednji je album na kojem se pojavio klavijaturist H. P. Katzenburg.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

 Grave Digger

 Chris Boltendahl – vokal, produkcija, koncept naslovnici
 Stefan Arnold – bubnjevi
 H.P. Katzenburg – klavijature
 Jens Becker – bas-gitara
 Axel "Ironfinger" Ritt – gitara, produkcija, snimanje (gitari)

 Dodatni glazbenici

 Hacky Hackmann – prateći vokal
 Sebastian "Seeb" Levermann – prateći vokal
 Frank Konrad – prateći vokal

 Ostalo osoblje

 Jörg Umbreit – produkcija, inženjer zvuka, snimanje, miks, mastering
 Jens Howorka – fotografije
 Gyula Havancsák – naslovnica

Izvori

Albumi sastava Grave Digger
Albumi iz 2014.

Return of the Reaper


Gloria Victis steht für:

Gedenkstätte Gloria Victis, Budapest
Monument aux Girondins, Bordeaux

Gloria Victis


Marija Petković, also known as "The Blessed Mary of Jesus Crucified Petković"; (Croatian: Marija od Propetoga Isusa Petković, Italian Maria Di Gesù Crocifisso), (10 December 1892 -  9 July 1966) was the founder of the Catholic Congregation of the Daughters of Mercy.  She was recognized by the Roman Catholic Church as a Venerable Servant of God on 8 May 1998, and was beatified by Pope John Paul II on 6 June 2003.

Biography
Petković was born in the small town of Blato on the Croatian island of Korčula (at that time part of Austria-Hungary), the sixth of eleven children born to Marija Marinović and Antun Petković-Kovač. She died in Rome, Italy.

After elementary school, Petković enrolled in 1904 in Blato's municipal school, which had been recently founded by the Servants of Charity, a Catholic order newly arrived from Italy.  After successfully completing the three-year program, she continued her studies at the School of Domestic Science, also directed by the Servants of Charity. In 1906 she joined the association of the Daughters of Mary. About this time she revealed to Bishop Josip Marcelić of Dubrovnik that she wanted to enter the convent, which marked the beginning of Marija's spiritual direction under the Bishop's care. On 21 November 1906, she made a private vow of chastity to the Lord.

From 1909 to 1919 Petković was president of the Daughters of Mary. Although frail and frequently ill, in addition to her obligations in her parents' home, she provided catechesis and instruction in general subjects to the children of the families whose parents worked on her father's estate.  In 1911 her father died, leaving her to help her mother care for the family and provide for the education of the other children. That labor, amid the destruction wreaked in Croatia by World War I, was very influential in Petković's vocational discernment.  She became involved in a number of Catholic organizations, and, in 1915, under the guidance of Bishop Josip, began her first new association, the Society of Catholic Mothers. In 1917 she assumed the responsibility of guiding the Third Order Franciscans. That same year, she began helping the Servants of Charity in the "soup kitchen" that they directed.

In 1918, in front of the citizens of Blato, Petković made a formal promise to the Bishop to remain in Blato to help and live with the poor. On 25 March 1919, Petković and her friend, Marija Telenta, entered the convent of the Servants of Charity. Two months later, however, the Mother Superior died and the other sisters, for political reasons, returned to Italy. Petković, her companion, and two other nuns were all that remained of the convent. Bishop Josip watched over and advised the four Sisters, especially Petković, whom he counseled in humility and service. She requested from him the Rule of the Third Order Franciscans, and, in the winter of 1919, opened three institutions in Blato: a day-recovery centre, a child-care facility, and an orphanage.

On 25 August 1920, in Prižba (on the island of Korčula), Petković wrote the first Constitutions of the Order of Daughters of Mercy, the Third Independent Order of St. Francis, setting forth their mission of spreading knowledge of divine love and mercy through charitable acts.  Bishop Josip inaugurated the Order on 4 October, the Feast of St. Francis of Assisi.  On that day, Petković received the name of Marija od Propetoga Isusa (Mary of Jesus Crucified) and was chosen as the Mother Superior of the Order.  When the nuns in Blato had exhausted their own funds for helping poor and hungry children, She went to fertile plains of Slavonia and Bačka to solicit help for the orphans and widows, receiving, among other contributions, a donation from Pope Pius XI. In return, Bishop of Bačka Apostolic Administration, Ljudevit Lajčo Budanović, asked Petković to found monasteries of her Order in Subotica and surrounding areas, so the locals could get the spiritual gain that nuns of her Order could provide them. Noticing that Bačka also had problems of numerous poor and abandoned children, in 1923, Petković acted quickly and opened Kolijevka Children's Home in Subotica, Home for sick and neglected children, after which she opened numerous centers for children in Croatia (in Slavonia particularly), Serbia, and Vardar Macedonia.

From 1920-52, Petković was elected five times as the Superior General of the Daughters of Mercy. She traveled throughout Croatia, Latin America, and Italy, opening 46 communities. The growing number of Sisters served in various social ministries, such as in nursing homes, kindergartens, hospitals, nursery schools, parish work, and work in the seminaries.

Beginning in 1936, the Order was prominent in Latin America and South America. Petković lived in Argentina from 1940–52, promoting charity work in many countries in Latin America. In addition to catechesis, she organized instruction in hygiene, economics, homemaking, sewing and tailoring, knitting, nursing, and typing. In 1952, she went to Rome to purchase and set up the Congregation's headquarters. While there in 1954 she suffered a stroke which left her permanently paralyzed. In 1961, she concluded that her duty to the Congregation was no longer one of leadership but of sacrifice and suffering, prayer and offering herself to the Lord, and relinquished the office of Mother Superior that she had held for 40 years.

She continued to follow the events in the Roman Catholic Church and her Congregation, especially those changes brought about by the Second Vatican Council, until age 74, when she died. She was buried in the Roman cemetery of Campo Verano. Three years later, her remains were translated to the house chapel of the Congregation headquarters, where they remained until 1998 when they were translated to her native Blato and buried in the crypt of the monastery chapel of Christ the King.

Beatification

On 26 August 1988, the Peruvian submarine BAP Pacocha was rammed and sunk by a Japanese fishing trawler. Teniente (lieutenant) Roger Cotrina Alvarado, a Peruvian naval officer, distinguished himself during the disaster – praying for Petković's aid, Cotrina displayed superhuman strength in opening a hatch against several thousands of pounds of water. That action prevented the immediate deaths of 22 crewmen, and Cotrina's subsequent actions brought about their rescue.

On 28 February 1989, the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints began an investigation into the reports of the miracle.  On 8 May 1998, Pope John Paul II confirmed the Congregation's initial report and decreed that Petković's heroic virtues be publicly declared, formally recognizing her as a "Servant of God", to be entitled "Venerable."

The Congregation issued their ruling on Petković's heroic virtues on 5 July 2002, and on the following 20 December issued a ruling recognizing the miraculous nature of the submarine rescue.  On 6 June 2003, Pope John Paul II celebrated her beatification Mass in Dubrovnik, formally recognizing her as "Blessed."

Today, her Congregation has its branches, besides other countries, in Italy, Romania (by Greek Catholic community), Paraguay, Chile, Peru and Argentina.

The Sanctuary of Blessed Marija Petković is in her town of birth, Blato on the Dalmatian island of Korčula.

References

External links
 Mali koncil, dječji mjesečni list Svetac srpnja: Bl. Marija od Propetog Isusa Petković
 Blažena Marija Propetog Isusa Petković
  Blažena Marija Propetog Isusa Petković A visit to Sanctuary (contains some images of sanctuary)
 Servants of Charity website

1892 births
1966 deaths
People from Blato, Korčula
Croatian Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
20th-century venerated Christians
Croatian beatified people
Beatifications by Pope John Paul II
Venerated Catholics by Pope John Paul II

Marija Petković


The Albert Einstein Award (sometimes mistakenly called the Albert Einstein Medal because it was accompanied with a gold medal) was an award in theoretical physics, given periodically from 1951 to 1979, that was established to recognize high achievement in the natural sciences. It was endowed by the Lewis and Rosa Strauss Memorial Fund in honor of Albert Einstein's 70th birthday. It was first awarded in 1951 and, in addition to a gold medal of Einstein by sculptor Gilroy Roberts, it also included a prize money of $15,000, which was later reduced to $5,000. The winner was selected by a committee (the first of which consisted of Einstein, Oppenheimer, von Neumann, and Weyl) of the Institute for Advanced Study, which administered the award. Lewis L. Strauss used to be one of the trustees of the institute.

This award should not be confused with many others named after the famous physicist, such as the Albert Einstein World Award of Science given by the World Cultural Council (since 1984), the Albert Einstein Medal given by the Albert Einstein Society (since 1979), nor with the Hans Albert Einstein Award, named after his son and given by the American Society of Civil Engineers (since 1988). It was established much earlier than these, while Einstein was still alive and was a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study. It has been called "the highest of its kind in the United States" by The New York Times. Some considered it as "the prestigious equivalent of a Nobel Prize".

Recipients

See also

 List of physics awards

References

External links
 Information on the Albert Einstein Award from the Jewish-American Hall of Fame
 Information about and photos of the medal awarded to Kurt Godel on the website of the Institute for Advanced Study, last accessed 2020-04-18.

Physics awards
Awards established in 1951
Awards disestablished in 1979
Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein Award


أقامت العديد من الحكومات في العالم قواعدا للبحث العلمي دائمة في أنتاركتيكا وهي موزعة على مساحة جغرافية واسعة. وعلى عكس محطات الانجراف الجليدية التي أقيمت في القطب الشمالي، فإن محطات الأبحاث في القطب الجنوبي مبنية إما على الصخور أو على الجليد وتبقى ثابتة في أماكنها للاستخدام العملي.

غالبا ما تتناوب مجموعات علمية من العلماء والباحثين على إجراء البحوث على مدار السنة. هناك 30 دولة (بواقع أكتوبر 2006) لها مختبرات هناك وكلها موقّعة على «معاهدة انتاركتيكا». تمتلك تلك الدول قواعدا في القارة أو في الجزر المحيطة بها. يتغير عدد الباحثين حسب فصول السنة لذا في الصيف قد يبلغ العدد حوالي 4000 شخصا يقومون بالبحث العلمي في تلك الأجواء الثلجية، بينما ينخفض عددهم إلى نحو 1000 باحث في الشتاء (وسط الشتاء في الجنوب هناك يكون في شهر يونيو). بالإضافة إلى مراكز البحوث المستقرة والدائمة عليه، يتم إنشاء ما يقرب من 30 معسكرًا ميدانيًا كل صيف لدعم مشاريع محددة.

القاعدة الأولى

خلال عصر البطولات لاستكشاف القطب الجنوبي في أوائل القرن العشرين، وصلت البعثة الوطنية الاسكتلندية إلى القارة في عام 1903 وانشأت عليها مركزا دائما للأبحاث. قاد البعثة الدكتور وليام بروس وكان الغرض منها هو بناء مركز علمي لقياس الأحوال الجوية في تلك المنطقة.

التاريخ

مع قدوم عام 1912 بدأ التسابق على الوصول إلى القطب الجنوبي بغرض إنشاء محطات بصيد الحيتان وللقيام بأبحاث في تلك المناطق الجليدية شديدة البرودة. فكانت لتلك المساعي أغراضا اقتصادية من جهة وأغراض البحث العلمي من جهة أخرى؛ بالإضافة إلى حجز أماكن من دول مختلفة عليها وتعليمها كمناطق تمتلكها. وفي الثلاثينيات من القرن الماضي أجريت فيها تمرينات عسكرية تحت ظروف الثلج المستمر.

وخلال الخمسينيات من القرن العشرين زاد اهتمام الدول بالبحث العلمي على تلك القارة. واهتمت الهيئات العلمية في كثير من الدول بإجراء أبحاث في أنتراكتكا وبدأت إقامة مراكزا للبحوث عليها. بهذا انتشرت المحطات العلمية عليها، وشملت مناطقا في قارة أنتاركتكا وكذلك على الجزر الممتدة منها.

زيادة الاهتمام بها بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية

في عام 1943 بدأت أنجلترا في إقامة ما يسمى «عملية تبارين» لإنشاء محطة لها على القارة السادسة. وكان الغرض الأساسي لها هو أن تحجز بريطانيا بعض الجزر المتقدمة هناك الغير مأهولة وكذلك على أرض اأنتاركتكا؛ وكان محفرا لها انحياز الأرجنتين لألمانيا في الحرب.

قبل الحرب العالمية الثانية أسقطت القوات الجوية الألمانية معلمات بأعلام ألمانيا على كوين مود لاند بغرض حجر مناطق هناك. وفي 29 يناير 1944 غادر الضابط البريطاني «جيمس مار» بقيادة 14 رجلا من أتباعه جزر فوكلاند على سفينتين، السفينة وليام سكورسبي، وهي سفينة صغيرة لمكافحة الألغام والسفينة «فيتزروي». وكان «مار» قد صاحب الباحث البريطاني «إيرنست شاكلتون» خلال بعثته الأخيرة إلى القارة القطبية الجنوبية خلال العامين 1921 - 1922.

وأقيمت قواعد في شهر فبراير بالقرب من محطة صيد الحيتان النرويجية المهملة على «ديسبشن أيلاند»، حيث رفع علم المملكة المتحدة في مكان العلم الأرجنتيني، وكذلك عند «بورت لوكروي» (في 11 فبراير 1944) على ساحل أرض غراهام. كما شيدت قاعدة أخرى في هوب باي في 13 فبراير 1945 بعد محاولة فاشلة لإنزال مخازن في 7 فبراير 1944. كانت تلك هي أول القواعد المبنية على أرض أنتاركتك نفسها.

تلك الأعمال ازتفزت العالم وبدأ نشاط كبير لبعض الدول في إنشاء قواعدا لها هناك بعد الحرب العالمية. ونظمت تشيلي أول بعثة تشيلية في أنتاركتكا في عامي 1947 - 1948. ووصل الأمر إلى أن الرئيس التشيلي غابريل غونزالز فيدالا قام بنفسه بافتتاح القاعدة، واصبح بذلك أول رئيس دولة يضع أقدامه على القارة القطبية الجنوبية.

وأنشئت محطة البحوث سيغني التابعة للملكة المتحدة في عام 1947و ومحطة ماوسون الأسترالية في عام 1954، ومحطة دومونت دورفيل التي كانت أول محطة فرنسية هناك في عام 1956. وفي نفس العام بُنيت محطة ماكموردو للولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، ومحطة ميرني للإتحاد السوفييتي.

في عام 1957 أنشأت الولايات المتحدة أكبر قاعدة في أنتاركتكا، وهي محطة أمندسن سكوت.

القواعد

* الملاحظة في التوقيت الصيفي.

انظر أيضًا

 كولينز هاربور

المصادر

وصلات خارجية

 محطات ابحاث

العلم والتكنولوجيا في القارة القطبية الجنوبية
بحث حكومي
قوائم متعلقة بأبحاث
قوائم متعلقة بالقارة القطبية الجنوبية
منشآت في القارة القطبية الجنوبية

قائمة القواعد في القارة القطبية الجنوبية


The  is a hybrid electric vehicle that is manufactured and marketed by Honda. Its first generation was a two-door, two passenger liftback (1999–2006) and in its second generation was a four-door, five passenger liftback (2009–2014). In its third generation, it became a four-door sedan (2018–2022). It was Honda's first model with Integrated Motor Assist system and the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability — for the length of its production run.

Honda introduced the second-generation Insight in Japan in February 2009 and in the United States on March 24, 2009. The Insight was the least expensive hybrid available in the US.
In December 2010, Honda introduced a less expensive base model for the 2011 model year. The Insight was launched in April 2009 in the UK as the lowest priced hybrid on the market and became the best selling hybrid for the month.

The Insight ranked as the top-selling vehicle in Japan for the month of April 2009, a first for a hybrid model. During its first twelve months after first available in the Japanese market, the second-generation Insight sold 143,015 units around the world. In July 2014, Honda announced the end of production of the Insight for the 2015 model, together with the Honda FCX Clarity hydrogen fuel-cell car and the Honda Fit EV electric car.

At the 2018 North American International Auto Show, Honda announced the third-generation Honda Insight prototype, based on the tenth-generation Honda Civic sedan. Unlike the previous Insight, it was a traditional sedan, not a five-door liftback. The third-generation Insight went on sale later that year.

In April 2022, Honda announced that the Insight would be discontinued after the 2022 model year, with production ending in June. It has been replaced by a new Civic Hybrid.

First generation (ZE1; 1999)

History
Based on the Honda J-VX concept car unveiled at the 1997 Tokyo Motor Show, the Insight was introduced in Japan in November 1999 as the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system. In the following month, December 1999, the Insight became the first hybrid available in North America, followed seven months later by the Toyota Prius.

The Insight featured optimized aerodynamics and a lightweight aluminum structure to maximize fuel efficiency and minimize emissions. Until 2015, the first generation Insight ranks as the most fuel-efficient United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) certified gasoline-fueled vehicle, with a highway rating of  and combined city/highway rating of .

Design

The Honda Insight is a subcompact liftback  in length with a wheelbase of  a height of  and a width of . The first-generation Insight was manufactured as a two-seater, launching in a single trim level with a manual transmission and optional air conditioning. In the second year of production two trim levels were available: manual transmission with air conditioning, and continuously variable transmission (CVT) with air conditioning. The only major change during its life span was the introduction of a trunk-mounted, front-controlled, multiple-disc CD changer.

In addition to its hybrid drive system, the Insight was small, light and streamlined — with a drag-coefficient of 0.25. At the time of production, it was the most aerodynamic production car to be built.

Technology

The gasoline engine is a , 1.0-liter, ECA series 3-cylinder unit providing lean burn operation with an air-to-fuel ratio that can reach 25.8 to 1. The engine uses lightweight aluminum, magnesium, and plastic to minimize weight. The electrical motor assist adds another  (at 3000 rpm) and a maximum of 36 pound-feet (49 Nm) of torque when called on, resulting in  at 5700 rpm and  of torque at 2000 rpm, with the aim to boost performance to the level of a typical 1.5 L gasoline engine. It also acts as a generator during deceleration and braking to recharge the vehicle's batteries, and as the Insight's starter motor. (This improves fuel efficiency and extends the lifetime and fade resistance of the brakes, without adding unsprung weight). When the car is not moving, for example at a stop light, the engine shuts off. Power steering is electric, reducing accessory drag.

The Insight uses the first generation of Honda's Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) hybrid technology. (The next generation, used in the Honda Civic Hybrid, is much more space-efficient.) The Insight's electric assist is an ultrathin 60 mm (about 2.4 inches) brushless 10-kW electric motor located on the crankshaft. Located behind the seats are a series of 120 commercial grade "D" sized 1.2 V NiMH batteries wired to provide a nominal 144 V DC and a capacity of 6.5 AH. During heavy acceleration, the NiMH batteries drive the electric motor, providing additional power; during deceleration, the motor acts as a generator and recharges the batteries using a process called regenerative braking. A computer control module regulates how much power comes from the internal combustion engine, and how much from the electric motor; in the CVT variant, it also finds the optimal gear ratio. The digital displays on the dashboard display fuel consumption instantaneously. On the manual transmission up and down arrows suggest when to shift gears. Dashboard gauges monitor the current battery status, instantaneous fuel consumption, and mode of the electric motor — standby, engine assist or charging the batteries. High pressure ( / ), low rolling resistance tires and the use of low viscosity "0W-20" synthetic oil enhance fuel economy.

The original Insight had a conventional manual transmission. Starting with the 2001 model, a CVT variant of the Insight was available; the CVT is similar to that used in the Honda Civic Hybrid and the Honda Logo. A traditional transmission shifts between a fixed set of engine-to-wheel ratios; however, a CVT allows for an infinite set of ratios between its lowest gear and its highest. A feature shared by the two hybrids (and now appearing in others) is the ability to automatically turn off the engine when the vehicle is at a stop (and restart it upon movement). Since it is more powerful than most starters of conventional cars, the Insight's electric motor can start the engine nearly instantaneously. The Integrated Motor Assist is run by an "Intelligent Power Unit (IPU)", a desktop computer-sized box. The Intelligent Power Unit, the Power control Unit, the Electronic Control Unit, the vehicle's batteries, DC-to-DC converter and a high-voltage inverter are all located under the cargo floor of the vehicle, behind the seats.

Honda increased the vehicle's fuel efficiency using aluminum and plastic extensively to reduce the vehicle's weight. The basic structure is a new, lightweight aluminum monocoque, reinforced in key areas with aluminum extrusions joined at cast aluminum lugs. Stamped aluminum panels are welded onto this structure to form an extremely light and rigid platform for the drivetrain and suspension. The Insight has a body weight less than half that of the contemporary Civic 3-door, with increased torsional rigidity by 38% and bending rigidity by 13%. Honda built the Insight with aluminum front brake calipers and rear brake drums, and with a largely aluminum suspension, in addition to standard aluminum wheels; reducing the ratio of un-sprung to sprung weight as well as the total weight. The fuel tank is plastic; the engine mounts are aluminum; and the exhaust is a small, thin wall pipe. Its compact spare is also aluminum. The Insight weighed  in manual transmission form without air conditioning,  with manual transmission and air conditioning, or  with CVT and air conditioning.

The Insight has a coefficient of drag of 0.25. The absence of a rear seat allows the body to taper just behind the driver and the rear track is 110 mm (approximately 4.3 inches) narrower than the front track.

The CVT-equipped Insight is classified as a super-low emissions vehicle. The Insight features low emissions: the California Air Resources Board gave the 5-speed model a ULEV rating, and the CVT model earned a SULEV rating – the 5-speed model's lean-burn ability traded increased efficiency for slightly higher NOx emissions.

Manufacturing
The Insight was assembled at the Honda factory in Suzuka, Japan, where the Honda NSX and the Honda S2000 were also assembled. The Insight and the NSX are aluminum-bodied, while the S2000 employs a steel body with aluminum hood.

At the 2003 Tokyo Motor Show, Honda introduced the concept car Honda IMAS, an extremely fuel-efficient and lightweight hybrid car made of aluminum and carbon fiber, which was perceived by most observers to be the future direction where the Insight was heading.

With its aluminum body and frame, the Insight was an expensive car to produce and was never designed for high-volume sales. Instead, it was designed to be a real world test car for hybrid technology and a gauge to new consumer driving habits. With an aerodynamic fuel-saving shape similar to its predecessor, the Honda CR-X, and some unconventional body colors it was a bit more than mainstream car buyers could handle, preferring more conservative styles. Production halted announced in May 2006, with plans announced to replace Insight with a new hybrid car, smaller than the eighth generation Civic, but not earlier than in 2009. Ahead of this announcement, Honda stopped selling Insight in the UK, for example, as early as December 2005.

To fill the market niche void, in 2002 Honda rolled out a hybrid version of the Honda Civic – Honda Civic Hybrid, followed by Toyota's redesign of the Prius in 2003 as a 2004 model.

Sales
Honda had originally planned to sell 6,500 first generation Insights each year of production, but in the end achieved total global cumulative sales of 17,020 units over 7 years, split geographically as follows:

US market
The Insight was the first mass-produced hybrid automobile sold in the United States, achieving  per its then current United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) highway rating. Other hybrids soon followed, with the Toyota Prius arriving in June 2000.

Fuel efficiency
The first generation Insight was the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability for the length of its production run and up until December 2015, when it was surpassed by the 2016 Toyota Prius Eco. The Insight earned an EPA fuel economy estimate of  in highway driving,  city. With air conditioning it was  and . With a CVT it was /.

The EPA changed the way it estimated fuel economy starting with the 2008 model year.  The revised fuel economy ratings for the 2000 Insight with manual shift 5-speed under the updated testing are  in highway driving,  city, and  combined city/highway.

Insight owners who are "hypermilers" compete to achieve maximum travel distance with each refueling. Upon the Insight's release, Honda challenged several automotive magazines to a competition to see who could obtain the best fuel efficiency on the  drive from Columbus, Ohio to Detroit. The contest was won by Car and Driver magazine, which rigged a box behind a Ford Excursion, and had the Insight drive within the confines of the box. With much less wind resistance, the Insight made the trip with a fuel consumption of , while averaging . A two-year test of an Insight with air conditioning, driven , averaged . The New York Times noted that "[if] you drive the car badly, you will get bad mileage."

In the EU fuel economy tests, the Insight achieved a combined efficiency figure  with an Extra-Urban figure of  and Urban figure of .) This remains unbeaten in the UK market for a gasoline car. The Insight has an official  emissions figure of 80 g/km which is still the lowest of any UK market car. It was also the only car to fall into the VED band A (up to 100g/km ), introduced in 2005, until 2008 when other manufacturers started developing cars to benefit from the tax free status.

Usage incentives
Under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 in the United States, the Honda Insight was eligible for a US$1,450 tax credit.

Cars registered in the UK after 2001 qualified for free road tax because of their low CO2 emissions (2000 registered cars would be taxed on the lower rate of the old system based on engine size). As a hybrid, the Insight did also qualify for an exemption from the London Congestion Charge. However, in December 2010 this changed such that hybrids no longer gained automatic exception, instead cars emitting less than 100g/km CO2 and meeting the January 2005 Euro 4 emissions standard. The Insight being homologated as a 2000 vehicle, and hence not Euro 4 compliant, meant it no longer meets the criteria.

Motorsport
A Honda Insight won five races and the Class A championship in the Formula 1000 Rally in the United Kingdom in 2006. In 2011, the Insight was asked to step down from the Formula 1000 Rally Championship after dominating the first three rallies, it went on to compete and win the hybrid electric vehicle class of the RAC Future Car Challenge from Brighton to London by consuming just .

Replacement battery pack
As of June 2008 in the U.S., according to Honda, there are fewer than 200 battery failures beyond warranty coverage out of more than 100,000 hybrids sold.

As of 1 June 2008, the replacement battery costs US$1,968 and installation is around US$900.

By 2010, multiple aftermarket large capacity replacement NiMH battery packs, including GreenTec Auto, YABO Power, BumbleBee Batteries and Hybrid ReVolt, among others.

Safety
Rated by the NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) in 2001

Second generation (ZE2/ZE3; 2009)

In 2009, Honda introduced its second-generation Insight based on an all-new, 5-passenger, 5-door, dedicated hybrid platform, which was also later used for the Honda CR-Z. The concept version of the Insight liftback hybrid electric vehicle had made its public debut at the 2008 Paris Motor Show. and its North American debut at the Los Angeles Auto Show. In the US, the new Insight is classified as a compact car based on its interior volume.

History

The 2010 Honda Insight was specifically designed to make hybrid technology more affordable to a wide range of buyers. Departing from the first generation Insight's two-seat configuration, the 2010 Insight is a 5-passenger, 5-door dedicated hybrid vehicle that includes the fifth generation of Honda's Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) hybrid powertrain.

The Insight was facelifted in 2010 in the United Kingdom and in 2011 for the 2012 model year in the United States, with updates to the suspension, styling and interior. There are revisions to the recoil rate of the springs, change of the rear camber angles and alterations to the rear suspension brace and adjusting mounts. As a result, Honda promised better ride, handling and stability. Interior changes include revisions to the dashboard, seat fabric, and some plastics. The air vents received a chrome surround and a silver garnish now adorns the door sills.

In 2013, Honda of Japan offered for sale two Insights: base Insight and Insight Exclusive with a CR-Z engine with CVT transmission. The base Insight had the 1.3-liter LDA engine which was offered in 2010 Insight; the 1.5-liter LEA Engine was installed in the Insight Exclusive. The base Insight had the 1.3-liter LDA engine with two trim levels: G and L. The Insight Exclusive had the 1.5-liter LEA engine with two trim Levels: XG and XL. The 2013 Insight Exclusive received revised front bumper, side skirts, revised rear bumper lower valance and 16-inch alloy wheels with 185/55R16 V-rated tires.  The XG trim level had 15-inch steel wheels or 15-inch alloy wheels with 185/60R15 H-rated tires. The 2014 Insight Exclusive received two trims levels of XL with level one receives 15-inch alloy wheels and different colors. XL level two receives 16-inch alloy wheels, fog lights, navigation, and different colors.  The XG trim level received 15-inch steel wheels and different colors.  The 1.5-liter LEA engine is same as the Honda CR-Z with 4 valves per cylinder and has slightly less gas mileage when compared to the 1.3-liter LDA engine.

Design
Honda chose a 5-door hatchback configuration for the second Insight. The wedge-shaped body assists aerodynamics and reduces drag for improved fuel economy. The 5-passenger accommodations enhance marketability and the overall vehicle shape, as Honda puts it, is "clearly identifiable as a hybrid."

The wedge shape of the second-generation Insight has been praised by many automotive journalists for its similarities with the more successful and older second-generation Toyota Prius.

The Insight's exterior design merges design cues from both the first generation Insight (the tapered tail and triangular taillights) and Honda's production hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the FCX Clarity (the low hood, six-point front grille, and wedge-shaped profile).

The interior of the new Insight includes a variation of the two-tier instrument panel first introduced on the 2006 Honda Civic. In this arrangement, a digital speedometer is mounted high on the instrument panel within the driver's normal line-of-sight for ease of visibility. An analog tachometer, fuel gauge, hybrid assist gauge, and Multi-Information Display are housed in the lower tier.

Powertrain
The new Insight includes Honda's fifth generation of its Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) hybrid system. This system mates an internal combustion engine with an electric motor mounted directly to the engine's crankshaft between the engine and transmission. Honda states that this configuration is less complex, lower cost, and compact enough to accommodate a wide range of vehicle sizes when compared to competing hybrid powertrains. Honda has used previous generations of this IMA system on all of its production hybrid vehicles including the original Insight, Civic Hybrid, and Accord Hybrid. Advanced development has allowed the Insight's IMA system to be 19 percent smaller and 28 percent lighter than the previous generation IMA used in the existing Civic Hybrid.

The Insight's IMA includes a high-efficiency, lightweight, low-friction 1.3-liter SOHC i-VTEC 4-cylinder engine rated for  at 5800 rpm and  of torque from 1000 to 1700 rpm. The high torque at low rpm is made possible by the electric motor which contributes up to  at 1500 rpm and  of torque at 1000 rpm to the powertrain, assisting in acceleration and some steady state cruising situations at low-to-mid vehicle speeds. The motor acts as a generator during braking, steady cruising, gentle deceleration and coasting in order to recharge the IMA battery. The motor also serves as the engine starter, quickly spinning the engine to idle speed after Idle Stop and during normal vehicle starting. The system will automatically switch to a back-up, conventional 12-volt starter to start the engine if the IMA system is disabled or if the car is started at extreme cold temperatures. As an additional safety feature, Honda's hybrid configuration allows the car to operate like a conventional, gasoline-engine vehicle even if the IMA hybrid-electric motor system is completely disabled.

The 2013-2014 Honda Exclusive Model Code-ZE3: is powered by a  i-VTEC SOHC inline-4 engine, designated as LEA, with Honda's Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) hybrid-electric system. the continuously variable transmission (CVT) is standard equipment. The system delivers a combined peak output of  at 6000 rpm and  at 1000 to 1500 rpm ( on CVT-equipped models). The gasoline engine contributes  at 6000 rpm and  at 4800 rpm.

The Insight's Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) provides infinite ratios to keep the engine operating within its most efficient range. Forward gear ratios are infinitely variable between 3.172–0.529 and reverse gear ranges from 4.511~1.693. Final drive is 4.20:1. On Insight EX models, paddle shifters mounted behind the steering wheel allow the driver to engage a manual shift mode and select from seven simulated gear ratios for full control over acceleration and engine braking. Since the CVT's gear ratios are continuously variable the system electronically directs the transmission to up- or downshift into pre-determined ratios when the driver taps the shift paddles. In normal driving, the CVT allows the engine and IMA motor to stay in their most efficient operating range thereby providing superior fuel efficiency to that of a conventional automatic transmission with fixed gear ratios. The CVT's variable gear ratios allow for both quick, initial acceleration and efficient, low-rpm cruising.

In order to allow the powertrain computer to optimize performance under every driving condition, the Insight's accelerator pedal is a "drive-by-wire" type that uses an electronic position sensor instead of the conventional metal cable that usually connects the pedal to the engine's throttle body. In the drive-by-wire system, the engine's throttle body is controlled by the powertrain computer in response to the accelerator pedal position—allowing the computer to determine the optimal throttle body, fuel, and CVT settings based on the accelerator pedal position and its rate of travel.

Car and Driver magazine performed a comparison between the 2010 Honda Insight and the 2010 Toyota Prius. In this test, the Insight achieved 0–60 mph in 10.3 seconds (Prius, 10.0 seconds), the quarter mile in 17.9 seconds at 78 mph (Prius, 17.6 at 79 mph), and 70–0 mph braking in 181 feet (Prius, 182 feet). The Insight's average fuel economy during a 600-mile controlled evaluation was  (Prius, ). Overall, Car and Driver selected the Insight as their preferred vehicle due to its "fun-to-drive" qualities including superior handling, steering, braking, and paddle-shifted transmission.

IMA battery
The Insight's IMA is powered by a flat, nickel-metal hydride battery pack located below the cargo floor between the rear wheels. The 84 module battery is manufactured by Sanyo Electric and provides a nominal system voltage of 100.8 volts with a nominal capacity of 5.75 ampere hours. The power density of the modules is 30 percent greater than in the second generation Civic Hybrid. The battery is recharged automatically by scavenging engine power, when needed, and by regenerative braking when the car is decelerating. The power management electronics, battery modules, and cooling system are all self-contained within the IMA battery pack.

Honda ECO ASSIST System
The system monitors and displays the positive or negative effect of a driving style on the vehicle's fuel economy.

As a visual aid, the background of the Insight's digital speedometer glows green when the car is being driven in an efficient manner. Somewhat less-efficient driving makes the meter glow blue-green. Aggressive starts and stops that consume extra fuel make the meter glow blue. By observing the color shift of the speedometer background, the driver receives assistance in developing driving habits that typically enhance fuel economy.

In addition, ECO ASSIST includes a dedicated ECON button that enables the driver to initiate a range of functions that increase the fuel economy of the IMA system via a single button press. In ECON mode, the driver trades off a measure of performance for enhanced fuel economy but gains the following advantages:
 Increases the potential for engaging the Idle Stop feature sooner
 Operates air conditioning more in recirculation mode
 Reduces automatic climate control blower fan speed
 Optimizes throttle angle input and CVT operation
 Limits power and torque by approximately 4 percent (full responsiveness is provided at wide-open-throttle)

Overall, ECO ASSIST is designed to assist the driver in adopting a balanced approach between efficient highway commuting and efficient city driving. However, the EPA found during fuel economy testing that using the ECO ASSIST mode "registered no effect" on its fuel economy rating. "It relaxes throttle response, so the test driver simply compensates with additional throttle to achieve the required speeds."

The multi-information display, located in the center of the tachometer, can be toggled through nine different screens of vehicle information including instantaneous fuel economy, hybrid system schematic, trip computer, and ECO Guide. The ECO Guide display includes a real-time graphic that provides a target zone for acceleration and deceleration in order to achieve maximum fuel economy. When the ignition switch is turned off, a summary screen displays a scoring function that encourages drivers to take an interest in developing fuel-efficient driving habits over the long term. In this manner, drivers can earn additional 'leaves' on a plant stem when practicing fuel saving strategies. Long-term fuel efficient driving habits ultimately earn the driver a 'trophy' graphic.

Chassis, suspension, and steering
The Insight's compact chassis is derived from components used in the Honda Fit. The structure of the engine compartment and front section of the chassis is almost identical to the Fit's, but with additional enhancements to aid crash protection. From the firewall aft the platform is unique to Insight.

The most significant difference between the Fit and the Insight platform is the position of the fuel tank. While the Fit locates the fuel tank under the front seats, the Insight positions the fuel tank under the rear seats. This allows the Insight's hybrid battery pack to be located in the cargo floor below the spare tire, to accommodate folding rear seats, lower roofline, and a more aerodynamic body shape.

Front and rear suspension components from the Fit are used including MacPherson struts at the front and an H-shaped torsion beam at the rear to keep the load floor low. Front and rear stabilizer bars are also installed. On EX models, the 175/65-15 low-rolling resistance tires are mounted on lightweight aluminum wheels, each weighing  together with the tire.

The rack-and-pinion steering uses electric assist and allows the Insight to steer normally even when the engine is shut off in Idle Stop mode.

The braking system includes four-channel ABS, electronic brake distribution, and a creep aid system to prevent the car from rolling on a hill. A brake booster pressure monitoring system monitors vacuum when the engine is shut off during Idle Stop mode. Traction control and vehicle stability assist are also included. The front brakes are single-piston sliding caliper with a one-piece ventilated rotor. Drum brakes are used in the rear.

Enhanced efficiency air conditioning system
The air conditioning system on the new Insight has an expanded thermodynamic range compared to conventional systems. Unlike the separate low pressure and high pressure refrigerant pipes used in conventional systems, the Insight has its low pressure cold pipe enclosing the high pressure hot refrigerant pipe that allows the cold refrigerant on its way back to the engine bay to cool the warm refrigerant traveling to the cabin. A unique, spiral groove along the outside of the inner pipe increases the surface area and therefore the efficiency of the heat transfer between the outer and inner tubes. This improves the thermal efficiency of the air-conditioning system and, as a result, less effort is required from the compressor, resulting in improved fuel efficiency.

In order to control costs, Honda decided not to include the electric-assist air conditioning compressor used in the Civic Hybrid. The Civic Hybrid's electric-assist allows the air conditioning compressor to continue running (using battery pack power) to maintain cabin temperature when the engine is shut off in Idle Stop mode. Instead, the Insight limits the duration of the Idle Stop mode during air conditioning use and restarts the engine, when needed, to maintain cabin temperature. However, when the Insight's ECON function is engaged, a longer Idle Stop time is invoked for improved fuel efficiency at the expense of rapid cabin cooling. In other words, the air conditioning stops whenever the car stops, as in stop-and-go traffic. During Idle Stop the blower continues to run albeit at a low speed.

2012 facelift

A facelifted Insight for Europe is shown at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show. Honda facelifted the Insight for 2012 model year. There are several significant changes to improve the car, including exterior, interior, driving and fuel economy.

In the exterior, Honda updates the front with larger air intakes on the lower front fascia, installs new headlights and tail lights, and has new wheel designs. The new grille comes with a blue stripe that Honda says represents the car's "high-tech hybrid identity." A thinner rear spoiler and a more compactly mounted rear wiper motor help to improve visibility through the rear window.

Even though it now comes with wider 185/60R15 tires, a reduction in engine and CVT friction, improvements to the front and rear bumpers and underbody lead to a 1-mpg increase in EPA's city, highway, and combined mileage numbers.  in the city,  on the highway, and  mpg combined.
The aerodynamic efficiency is improved by two percent.

In the interior, the rear-seat and headliner are redesigned to add more rear legroom and headroom, improving comfort, additional sound insulation is added and the cupholders are larger. A rear camera and a 16-gigabyte flash card system now comes with the navigation system. Furthermore, the gauge cluster is refreshed.

Changes in design led to excessive oil consumption that could require replacement of parts of the engine. In 2017, Honda addressed the concern in 2016 and, in 2017, extended the warranty to cover these flaws for eight years.

Fuel efficiency
Despite technological advances, the fuel efficiency of the second-generation Insight was lower than that of the first because of significant increases in size, weight and power. Fuel efficiency rating according to the U.S. EPA testing methodology is: City , Highway , Combined . The 2012 model year U.S. version has minor improvements and its updated EPA fuel economy rating is: City , Highway , Combined .

Honda UK state that the official UK fuel efficiency data for the Insight SE is: Urban , Extra urban , Combined  and the CO2 emissions rating is: 101 g/km, putting it in the second lowest UK vehicle excise duty band.

Sales and prices by country
Honda sold 130,445 Insights worldwide in 2009.

In an interview in early February 2011, a Honda executive disclosed that Honda produced around 200,000 hybrids a year in Japan.

The Insight was removed from Honda Canada's website in November 2013. It was removed from sale in the UK mid 2014.

Japan
The new Insight began sales in Japan on February 6, 2009. The reception in Japan exceeded Honda's original forecast of 5,000 monthly sales. This resulted as less availability to overseas markets and Honda has to start production on a second line at its Suzuka factory in mid-June to increase production from 700 units a day. In April 2009, the Honda Insight became the first gasoline-electric hybrid to be the best-selling vehicle in Japan for the month.
After less than eleven months on sale, Honda sold 93,283 Insight in Japan in 2009, ranking it the fifth best-selling car for the year. In March 2010, Honda announced that the new Insight broke through 100,000 sales in the Japanese market in just one year after its introduction.

United States

The car went on sale on March 24, 2009, in the U.S. as a 2010 model, making it the least expensive hybrid vehicle available in the United States.

Within less than ten months from its introduction, Insight total sales for 2009 in the U.S. market
were 20,572 units, selling more than the Fusion Hybrid (15,554 units) and the Civic Hybrid (15,119), but behind the Camry Hybrid (22,887 units) and the Toyota Prius (139,682 units).
The sales in the U.S. were below expectation, mainly due to the economic recession in 2008–09, stiff competition and a drop in gasoline prices of over one-third over the past year, eroding demand for fuel-efficient cars.

In December 2010, Honda introduced a less expensive Insight hybrid for the 2011 model year to help boost sales. For the 2011 LX model, center armrest, cruise control, USB connectivity for the audio system and floor mats are newly added. Electronic stability control and brake assist became standard across all trim levels. All models come with automatic climate control. Honda explained the move "to make (the vehicle) more affordable for those younger customers who couldn't previously get into a hybrid." In 2009, Toyota promised a lower-priced version of the Prius to compete with Insight, but quietly dropped the deal for consumers.

In 2010, 20,962 Insights were sold in the country. The Insight ranked number two in all hybrid vehicle sales after the Toyota Prius, beating out the Toyota Camry Hybrid and the Ford Fusion Hybrid. From January 2011 to August 2011, cumulative sales of the Insight in the U.S. reached 13,106 units, ranking number two among hybrid sales for 2011 and outsold only by the Prius. By September 2011, cumulative sales reached 13,618 units, falling to the third place, surpassed by the Hyundai Sonata.

For the 2012 model year, upgraded upholstery, map light, and steering-wheel-mounted controls are added to LX trim; Bluetooth, automatic headlights, a premium fabric upholstery, plus a leather-wrapped steering wheel and shift knob are added to EX trim. Rearview camera and a 16-gigabyte flash card system are added to the navigation system.

In October 2009, Consumer Reports named the Honda Insight the most reliable vehicle as it scored the highest of any vehicles in predicted reliability, according to its annual vehicles reliability survey.

Europe

United Kingdom

The Honda Insight has been on sale from 4 April 2009 and early reports said it outsold its competitor by 15%. The Insight is no longer exempted from the London congestion charge. Starting from autumn 2010, revised suspension should improve ride and handling, parking sensors are added to ES model and higher trim models.

Australia
The Insight was launched as the lowest-priced hybrid car in Australia starting from December 2010. Its price was lower than the Civic Hybrid and the Toyota Prius.

Its fuel economy is rated  in official Australian testing. Honda questions the green credentials of electric vehicles when electricity is generated from coal-fired power stations, "For Australia, unless you're tapped into a green power source, the benefits are negligible".

The Netherlands
As of March 2010, Honda has sold 2,661 units since the introduction of the Insight in April 2009 of which 847 were sold in the first three months of 2010. As of January 2010, the Honda Insight is exempt of road tax.

The sales of the Honda Insight, along with those of the Honda Civic Hybrid, helped Honda achieve their best sales result in the Netherlands since 1989.

Republic of Ireland
Between 2009 and 2015, The Society of the Irish Motor Industry (SIMI) 'Motorstats' (beepbeep.ie) show that there were 306 'Total New Registrations' of Honda Insights (including 27 and 5 in 2014 & 2015 respectively) with a peak of 108 in 2010 (10 in 2009). The 'Refreshed' model (new front etc.) was available in 2013.  Retail price in 2014 for the SE option was €23,495 and the ES €24,610 (kevinoleary.ie).

Other Asian countries
The Insight was launched in South Korea in October 2010 as the lowest priced hybrid car offered by import automakers.

In Malaysia, Honda launched the Insight on December 2, 2010, at the Kuala Lumpur International Motor Show (KLIMS) 2010. It was priced slightly more than the top model Honda City. It is reported that a few hundred sales orders were received even before its launch.

In 2011, Insight was the best selling hybrid in the country with a total of 4,568 sold.

Reception

Early reviews praised the Insight's futuristic styling, handling, and price but noted that it was less powerful, less fuel efficient, and less comfortable than other more expensive hybrids. The Insight performed well in comparison tests administered by Motor Trend and Car and Driver. In their comparison test against the 2010 Toyota Prius, Car and Driver stated "...the Insight proved more visceral, connected, and agile than the Prius. The Insight represents a lot of engineering bang for the buck, and the majority of its dynamics are more satisfying than the Prius's" citing the benefits of the Insight's firm brake feel, accurate steering, and tight suspension (the latter borrowing heavily from the latest Honda Fit). It did not perform as well in Edmunds or Popular Mechanics tests. Despite a high reliability rating in Consumer Reports testing, the Insight was assigned a low score, stating that it fell short in ride quality, handling, interior noise, acceleration, refinement, rear seat access and rear visibility.

Autoblog praised it for its fuel economy, tight handling, and good steering feedback, and stated "the Insight is a shockingly fun car to drive in a spirited manner in spite of the comparatively modest thrust available.", but criticized the Insight for its low passenger volume.

Automotive critic Jeremy Clarkson, known for his disdain for hybrid vehicles, criticized the Insight for its continuously variable transmission, engine noise, and build quality. He recognized that the price was low, but concluded that a Volkswagen Golf was a better deal.

Edmunds.com praised the Insight for improving upon the formula of rival Prius and costing thousands less, but criticized it for excessive road noise, a tight back seat, and buzzy engine under hard acceleration. In addition, they state it "is by far the most enjoyable hybrid hatchback to drive" and praised the ride for being firm, the steering for being relatively responsive, and the seamless integration between the electric and internal combustion engine.

In 2009, Edmunds pitted a Honda Insight against other hybrids like Toyota Prius and Ford Fusion hybrid, a Volkswagen Jetta TDI automatic and a MINI Cooper with manual transmission over two days of mixed city and highway driving.

In October 2014, Top Gear magazine placed the Insight on its list of "The worst cars you can buy right now", describing the car as "A £20k hyper-efficient numbers merchant now surpassed by loads of diesel rivals in practically any measurement except urban quietness. The game has moved on."

Safety

Discontinuation
In November 2013, Honda informed dealers in Japan that Insight production would stop. Its sales were in a "slow death" and its discontinuation was for the second time in ten years. On February 28, 2014, Honda officially announced ending production of the second generation Insight after the 2014 model year. With its "unrefined powertrain and cheap interior" the car had "dismal sales" especially when compared to its competition. Although it had a lower base price than the competing hybrid model, the Insight's 42 mpg estimate did not reach the 50 mpg Toyota Prius, the number that "mattered most to potential customers." With a combined fuel economy rating that was now little more than that of some non-hybrid models available in the U.S. marketplace, in early 2014 there was 237 days worth of supply of Insights in contrast to the typical 60-day inventory held by automakers.

Third generation (ZE4; 2018)

The third-generation Honda Insight prototype debuted at the 2018 North American International Auto Show, and the production version was unveiled at the 2018 New York International Auto Show. It is based on the tenth-generation Honda Civic sedan, and shares similar exterior and interior dimensions (although the Insight is about one inch longer than its non-hybrid counterpart). Unlike the previous Insight, it is a traditional sedan, not a five-door liftback.

The new Insight uses Honda's third generation two-motor hybrid powertrain, featuring a 1.5-liter gasoline engine that runs on Atkinson cycle combined with an electric motor and a lithium-ion battery pack.

The Insight shares the same trunk space as the tenth-generation Honda Civic sedan, as the batteries for the Insight do not impede on trunk space. The fully digital LCD instrument cluster was taken from the larger 2018 Honda Accord, and many interior styling features were taken from the tenth-generation Honda Civic Sedan, which is assembled at the same Greensburg, Indiana plant as the all-new Insight. Honda projects a  city,  highway fuel economy, and  combined rating for the 2019 Insight LX and EX trim levels, as compared to the  city,  highway, and  combined fuel economy ratings on the top Touring trim, which introduces leather seating to the Insight for the first and only time.  The difference in fuel economy between the versions is due to the higher weight and added equipment of the Touring version.

The third-generation Honda Insight went on sale at Honda dealerships in the United States in June 2018 as a 2019 model year vehicle with a retail price starting at $22,830 plus $895 destination charge. It was also launched in Mexico on September 6, 2018, and later in Japan on December 13, 2018, and went on sale on the next day.

In April 2022, Honda announced that the Insight would be discontinued after the 2022 model year, with production ending in June. A new Civic Hybrid will replace the Insight.

Awards and recognition
First generation
 The Insight's engine won the International Engine of the Year award for 2000, and continued to hold the "Sub-1 liter" size category for the next six years.
 It received the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2000 Climate Protection Award.
 It was named the Greenest Vehicle of the year for 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2006 by the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE).
 The Insight was nominated for the North American Car of the Year award for 2001.
 Until the 2016 Toyota Prius Eco, the 2000 Insight was the most efficient EPA-certified gasoline-powered vehicle ever, with a highway rating of  and combined city/highway rating of .

Second generation
 The Insight is awarded 2009 Good Design Award from the Japan Industrial Design Promotion Organization
 The American Automobile Association (AAA) awarded the Honda Insight the Top Commuter Vehicle in 2010.
 The 2010 Insight EX was awarded Top Safety Pick 2009 from Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
 Selected among Kelley Blue Book Top 10 Green Cars for 2010.
 Selected among Kelley Blue Book Top 10 Green Cars for 2011.
 Selected among the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy Greenest Vehicles of the Year for 2010, 2011 and 2012.
 2012 Total Cost of Ownership Award in the hybrid car category, granted by Kelly Blue Book for the lowest projected costs during initial five-year ownership period in its category.

Third generation
 2019 Green Car of the Year

See also
 Honda CR-Z
 Honda Civic Hybrid
 Honda Clarity
 List of hybrid vehicles

References

External links

 Honda Insight official website
 Honda Insight 2024 USA Model

Insight
Hybrid electric cars
Partial zero-emissions vehicles
Vehicles with CVT transmission
Hatchbacks
Cars introduced in 1999
2010s cars
Front-wheel-drive vehicles

Honda Insight


La Morisma de Guadalupe es una fiesta de corte profano - religioso, que se lleva a cabo 2 veces por año en el campo de los moros de la ciudad de Guadalupe, Zacatecas, México, representando la Batalla de Lepanto entre los cristianos y musulmanes en el año de 1571 con victoria para los cristianos. Los representantes pertenecen a la Corporación de San Juan Bautista.

Corporación de San Juan Bautista

Los orígenes se remontan al año de 1900 en el Convento de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe. Algunos de sus iniciadores fueron Cleto Castro, Jesús Alfaro y Castulo Ruiz, entre otros. A este último (Castulo ruiz) le detonó un cañón por la espalda, por lo que falleció; en su honor se lee un acta conmemorativa en la Parroquia de Nuestra Señora de Loreto el 24 de junio de cada año.

La corporación es un grupo religioso con sede en el Convento de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe, que tiene como objetivo combatir los males en el vestir, los vicios y la delincuencia por medio de la oración y el servicio. Para ingresar a la corporación, los aspirantes deberán pasar por un periodo de formación de 9 meses que dura de octubre a junio, en donde aprenderán los estatutos y se les dará formación espiritua. Cuando termina este periodo se les impone el distintivo de la corporación y se anotan en el libro de registros en una celebración religiosa el día 22 de junio, en el Convento de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe, donde son recibidos por los demás socios tras una peregrinación desde el Campo de los Moros.

La Morisma

Las escenificaciones de batallas ante musulmanes y cristianos remontan sus orígenes hasta la península ibérica, prácticamente en la inmediatez del triunfo de los Reyes Católicos sobre Boabdil, que puso fin a la Reconquista. En España, las morismas –cuyo nombre no ha cambiado desde entonces- formaban parte de una cultura centralizadora que buscaba la unificación de todos los reinos peninsulares y que se erigía como representante de la cristiandad ante la amenaza del imperio otomano, los piratas turcos y la resistencia interna que se tornó violenta en la rebelión de las Alpujarras. Aunado a ello, durante las batallas de la que caída de Tenochtitlan, a imitación de las morismas españolas, se fomentaba la tradición de que los santos irrumpían en las luchas a favor de los peninsulares.

Con base en lo anterior, en las morismas novohispanas, los indios desempeñaban tanto del papel de indios como el rol de cristianos, de modo que se buscaba no excluirles de la cristiandad que triunfaba. Entre 1538 y 1539 se llevaron a cabo en México y Tlaxcala dos morismas representando las cruzadas: la toma de Rodas y la toma de Jerusalén (Corpus Cristi). Con el paso de los años, las morismas fueron sufriendo de variaciones y subvariaciones en su estructura fundamental. En cualquier caso, las modificaciones no surgieron esencialmente por la intervención de los misioneros, sino por la apropiación de los grupos indígenas y el pueblo. Se cambiaron entonces las narrativas, los diálogos, los símbolos hasta que se produjeron versiones tales como una donde Santiago es inmolado y, después de su resurrección, convertido en aliado de quienes habían sido sus enemigos. También hay una especie de híbrido en la danza azteca-chichimeca, donde se invoca a Dios y a Santiago; empero originalmente la danza era una exaltación de Ometéotl y Quetzalcóatl.

Según las crónicas y creencias populares, las primeras morismas en Zacatecas fueron impulsadas por los franciscanos, especialmente en honor a Nuestra Señora de la Victoria el 7 de octubre de 1622. En particular, la Morisma de Bracho es una apropiación popular de los hechos y las secuencias, como es el caso del cambio de patrono de la morisma –ahora es San Juan Bautista-.

La Morisma de Zacatecas recibe su nombre por realizarse en Lomas de Bracho, ubicadas a las afueras de la ciudad. Se presume que mientras hoy la celebración contempla 12 mil personas, hace 100 años contaba con un millar. Sin embargo, la época de la revolución trajo consigo persecuciones religiosas y de repliegue comunitario, mismas que llevaron a la suspensión de la fiesta por dos o tres décadas.

La Morisma de Guadalupe se lleva a cabo los días 22, 23 y 24 de junio en honor a San Juan Bautista y los días 5, 6 y 7 de octubre en honor a la Virgen del Rosario. en la fiesta, los representantes utilizan uniformes de aquella época mezclados con la época colonial, tambores, cornetas, clarines, armas de fuego e inclusive cañones. los representantes se dividen en dos bandos, los cristianos y turcos, los cristianos son los personajes del rey Felipe II, Juan de Austria, Carlomagno y los devastadores, así como tres batallones cristianos, junto a 12 pares de carabineros, los turcos son los generales turcos y el rey Moro, con el primero, segundo y tercer batallón, acompañado por la Banda de guerra y su caballería.

Durante el primer día se celebra la reunión en el campo para bajar en peregrinación hacia misa en el convento de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe para la toma de distintivos para los nuevos socios.

Al segundo día se reúnen todas las tropas en el jardín Juárez y suben al campo de los moros ubicado en la colonia bellavista, al llegar al Campo de los Moros, realizan varias representaciones del combate entre Carlomagno y Fierabrás; después de esta representación se realiza la misa general en el campo de los moros, por la tarde se realiza el simulacro de la toma de plaza por los turcos donde los cristianos despojan a los turcos pero tras intensos combates los turcos lograr tomar la plaza. Después de estas representaciones bajan hacia el convento y así termina el 2.º día de la fiesta.

Al tercer y último día de esta fiesta, se llevan a cabo las mañanitas a los santos patrones, esto a las 4 a. m. y a las 6 a. m. la misa general, cerca de las 9 de la mañana, las calles del centro de la ciudad son cerradas para dar paso al desfile de los jinetes, batallones de soldados, reyes, cristianos y moros, quienes marcharán acompañados del redoble de los tambores y toque del clarín, que anuncia el regreso de los cristianos para intentar recuperar la plaza, al llegar al campo se realizan duros combates en representación del desafío de Don Juan de Austria y su aprehensión donde los turcos logran capturar al general cristiano, pero el general Osmán le perdona la vida dejándole en libertad, nuevamente los turcos despojan a los cristianos de la plaza, estos huyen por refuerzos (representado por la huida al cerro) y regresan a la plaza en una emboscada en forma de cruz, después de intensos combates logran capturar al rey moro pero este escapa con ayuda de sus tropas, al volverlo a capturar lo aprisionan y lo decapitan, para así derrotar al bando turco. Al concluir esto, bajan al Santuario de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe a recibir la bendición, para así terminar la fiesta.

Otras participaciones de la Corporación

La corporación no solo participa en la Morisma de Guadalupe, en ocasiones es invitado por otras cofradías a sus morismas, como lo es la Cofradía de Sauceda y la Cofradía de San Juan Bautista la cual es responsable de las Morismas de Bracho entre otras. También participa en otras actividades de la ciudad de Guadalupe, por ejemplo en el novenario a San Francisco de Asís o en el docenario a la Virgen de Guadalupe, en la representación del grito de independencia, la romería del regreso de la virgen de la Preladita de la Catedral de Zacatecas al convento franciscano en Guadalupe.

Batallones de la morisma

Instrumentos utilizados
Tambores, cornetas y clarines por las bandas de guerra, utilizando los toques militares reglamentarios.
Rifles elaborados de forma artesanal y cañones, usando ambos pólvora como detonante, la cual esta autorizada por la 11.ª zona militar.
Espadas y caballos pertenecientes a la caballería que durante la fiesta realizan varias corridas en el campo al toque de las bandas de guerra.
Además varios adornos como el uniforme reglamentario de cada batallón además de cajas en forma de mochila, los bandos cristianos llevan una caja con un cojín alrededor y los turcos un cajón adornado con fruta, verdura y un pan en la parte superior del cajón.

Enlaces externos

 Se lleva a cabo la tradicional morisma en guadalupe
 celebran las morismas de guadalupe

 lleva a cabo la morisma en honor a san juan bautista

Cultura del estado de Zacatecas
Virgen del Rosario
Celebraciones de México
Morismas
Guadalupe (Zacatecas)

La Morisma de Guadalupe


Evgeny Pavlovich Velikhov (nascido em 2 de fevereiro de 1935; em russo: Евгений Павлович Велихов) é um físico e líder científico da Federação Russa. Seus interesses científicos incluem física de plasma, lasers, fusão nuclear controlada, engenharia de energia e magnetohidrodinâmica (geradores MHD pulsados de alta potência). Ele é o autor de mais de 1500 publicações científicas e uma série de invenções e descobertas.

Ele atualmente ocupa o cargo de presidente do Instituto Kurchatov (em homenagem a Igor Kurchatov) e primeiro secretário (chefe) da Câmara Cívica da Federação Russa. Ele é membro da Academia Russa de Ciências e foi vice-presidente da Academia de Ciências da União Soviética.

Cientistas da Rússia

Evgeny Velikhov


Belgrave Heights is a town in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 36 km south-east from Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Yarra Ranges local government area. Belgrave Heights recorded a population of 1,398 at the .

Belgrave Heights Post Office opened on 1 August 1938 as settlement began in the area, and closed in 1977.

In February 1983, the Ash Wednesday fires swept through the area, destroying 238 houses and causing 21 deaths.

Schools
 Belgrave Heights Christian School

Birdsland Reserve

Belgrave Heights has a  bushland park called Birdsland. Originally owned by a farming family, the Birds, it was known locally as "Birds' Paddock".  It was later purchased in 1982 by the former Shire of Sherbrooke (now part of Yarra Ranges) expressly for public use. In 1983 the property was damaged by the Ash Wednesday bushfires. In 1984 it was opened to the public for bushwalking, picnicking, sightseeing, and local horse agistment. It is a very important habitat link for locally rare Platypus and the Yellow-belied Glider. The reserve waterways are managed by Melbourne Water and other areas managed by Shire of Yarra Ranges. Birdsland Advisory Committee help make decisions for a broad overview to management of the reserve. The committee has developed a sustainable design education centre, including solar panels, composting toilet and water tanks. Next door is the Southern Dandenongs Indigenous Plant Nursery which is a not-for profit group which provides a range of plants that are native to the Dandenong Ranges.

Many scenes in the 7 Network mini-series Against The Wind were filmed there in 1978.

Melbourne Water offers stream frontage grants to help landowners apply for money for weed eradication, fencing and more.
In February 2009 a bushfire swept through the Birdsland area. The bushfire grew to around 300 hectares coming just 2 weeks after the 2009 Victorian bushfires

Monbulk Creek Corridor
Monbulk Creek is part of a biolink corridor (the biolink being between Dandenong Ranges National Park and Lysterfield Lake Park). This corridor is primarily located on the riparian zone (the area adjacent to the creek). This provides habitat to many different environments aquatic, creek banks and the floodplain.

These different elements can be separated into Abiotic (Non-living things) and Biotic (living things). The abiotic factors (such as climate, rocks, debris, water, etc.) and the biotic factors (flora and fauna) and the interactions between the two make up an ecosystem.

Flora
Belgrave Heights is located on the borderline Southern Highlands Fall and Gippsland Plains Bioregion.

Belgrave Heights falls into a combination of different Ecological Vegetation Classes (EVC).

Shrubby Foothill Forest
Eucalyptus Obliqua, radiata

Exocarpus cupressiformis
Spyridium parvifolium
Goodenia ovata
Epacris impressa
Tetratheca cilata
Platylobium formosum
Lomatia ilicifolia
Acrotriche prostrata
Viola hederacea
Gonocarpus tetragynus
Tetrarrhena juncea
Leptosperma laterale
Pteridium esculatum
Billarderi scandens

The dominant overstorey is Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia dealbata, Acacia pycnantha, Eucalyptus cephalocarpa, Eucalyptus cypellocarpa (in areas near Belgrave Lake Park), Eucalyptus goniocalyx growing in and around Birdsland and Zig Zag Road, Eucalyptus obliqua growing through most of the area as well as in Belgrave South, Eucalyptus ovata which tends to grow in low-lying areas and Eucalyptus radiata which is quite common in the Belgrave South Primary school grounds with the very fine bark and peppermint smelling leaves.

Shrub layer

The shrub layer in gullies and shaded areas, consists of Coprosma quadrifida, Acacia verticillata, Pomaderris aspera, Bedfordia arborescens, Cassinia aculeata, Ozothamnus ferrugineus, Olearia lirata, Olearia argophylla, Prostanthera lasianthos, Gynatrix pulchella and Pimelea axiflora.

In open woodland there is Acacia leprosa, Acacia myrtifolia, Acacia mucronata, Acacia stricta, Allocasuarina paludosa, Goodia lotifolia and the more rarer fire dependent plants Hakea ulicina, Hakea nodosa and Banksia marginata and Banksia spinulosa.
Pandorea pandorana and Clematis aristata are the two main climbers.

Ground layer

The ground layer is made up of Poa labillardieri, Poa ensiformis, Poa sieberiana, Themeda triandra, Dianella revoluta in dryer areas and Dianella longifolia and Dianella tasmanica in wetter areas. Microlaena stipoides, Bidgee Widgee, Goodenia ovata, Lomandra longifolia and Lomandra filiformis are common throughout the Belgrave area. Other plants like Xanthorrhoea minor is more common south of Belgrave. Also with pea family members Platylobium formosum, Platylobium obtusangulum, Pultenaea hispidula, Pultenaea scabra and Pultenaea stricta.

Fauna

Animals in the area include:

Mammals
 Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus)
 Yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis)
 Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)
 Wombat (Vombatus ursinus)
 Common ringtail possum or "Ringtail" (Pseudocheirus peregrinus)
 Common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
 Swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor)
 Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)

Birds
 Galah (Cacatua roseicapilla)
 Tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides)
 Yellow-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus)
 Sulphur crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita)
 Long-billed corella (Cacatua tenuirostris)
 Australian king parrot (Alisterus scapularis)
 Crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans)
 Eastern rosella (Platycercus eximius)
 Powerful owl (Ninox strenua)
 Kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguineae)
 Superb fairy-wren (Malurus cyaneus)
 Red wattlebird (Anthochaera carunculata)
 Noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala)
 Eastern yellow robin (Eopsaltria australis)
 Mudlark (Grallina cyanoleuca)
 Grey butcherbird (Cracticus torquatus)
 Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen)
 Wedge-tailed eagle (Aquila audax)
 Australian Raven (Corvus coronoides)

Reptiles
 Blue tongue lizard
 Red bellied snake
 Tiger snake
 Common eastern brown snake

Feral animals include
 Feral cats
 Foxes
 Indian mynahs
 Blackbirds
 Feral pigeons
 Garden snails

The Convention
The Upwey Convention (commenced in 1918) moved to Belgrave Heights in 1950, establishing itself on the former Lockwood Golf Links in Lockwood Road. It continued to be called the Upwey Convention for a number of years before being renamed to the Belgrave Heights Convention, which it is known as to this day.  The Convention Grounds, as the property became known, has been a notable landmark in Belgrave Heights with its many old buildings, including the main auditorium which has undergone major redevelopment in recent years.

References

External links
Australian Places—Belgrave Heights & Belgrave South
Belgrave Heights Convention

Suburbs of Melbourne
Suburbs of Yarra Ranges

Belgrave Heights, Victoria


Želimir Maštrović (Osijek, 18. srpnja 1940.), hrvatski liječnik fizijatar i reumatolog, "dobri duh grada Zadra", veliki humanitarac i istraživač povijesnih znamenitosti zadarske Brodarice, istraživač zadarske Sfinge i njezine povijesti.

Životopis
Rodio se od oca Vjekoslava i majke Štefice r. Maretić. Braća su mu Zdeslav i Tihomil.
Rodio se u Osijeku. U Zagrebu živio tijekom 1944./45. te od lipnja 1945. do danas u Zadru - Brodarici. U Zadru je završio pučku školu i gimnaziju. 1960. je upisao Medicinski fakultet u Zagrebu. Magistrirao radom Kronične reumatske bolesti i izostanci s posla u radnica dviju zadarskih tvornica [Adria-Bagat] kod mentora Theodora Dürrigla. Specijalizirao fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju. Primarijat od 1986. godine. Stručno se usavršavao na MF MF Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, poslijediplomski studij: javno zdravstvo (1973. – 1974.); poslijediplomski studij: reumatologija (1978. – 1979.); epidemiologija reumatskih bolesti (1982.); fizikalna medicina i rehabilitacija (1984.); zatim: psihički problemi i psihološka pomoć žrtvama rata, Zadar (1998); upalne i degenerativne reumatske bolesti, Šibenik (1998.) i dr. Radio u Medicinskom centru Zadar, bio je liječnik opće medicine na Ugljanu te ambulanti "Arbanasi-Jazine", Općoj bolnici MC Zadar.

Dužnosnik Hrvatskoga reumatološkog društva. Član Nadzornog odbora od 1996. do 2000. Član uredničkog vijeća časopisa Reumatizam, službenog glasila Hrvatskoga reumatološkog društva Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora.
Medicinski interes dr. Maštrovića su fizijatrija, reumatologija, javno zdravstvo, balneologija, zdravstveni turizam.

Vijećnik Mjesnog odbora Brodarica, autor web stranice brodaricazadarmastrovic.net, borac za očuvanja važnih materijalnih dokaza pomorske tradicije Brodarice i Zadra.

U Bitka na Neretvi glumio je mladog liječnika i vojnika. Uloga ga je dopala po kazni. U Novom Sadu je završio školovanje u Sanitetskoj školi za liječnike postrojbi JNA. Prosinca 1967. su on i još četvorica poznatih zadarskih liječnika odlučili otići kući za Božić i Novu Godinu prije nego što se vrate u postrojbu, a to je tad bilo vrlo kažnjivo. Kad se vratio u Mostar odmah je "deportiran" autobusom na mjesto snimanja filma, lokacija Karamustafić, podno Makljena. Nekoliko je puta intervenirao i sanirao ozlijeđene i razboljele glumce. Za nagradu je poslije snimanja prebačen je u Kumbor. No, na nesreću, skraćenje vojnog roka nije mogao iskoristiti, jer se zbila sovjetska intervencija u Čehoslovačkoj pa mu je produžen vojni rok.

Član brojnih strukovnih organizacija. Član Matice hrvatske ogranak Nin.

Nagrade
Dobitnik brojnih medicinskih nagrada, Spomenice Domovinskog rata, Brončane plakete za umjetničku fotografiju 1. klupske izložbe Kinofoto kluba Zadar i Priznanja HNS-ove Političke akademije za najuspješnijeg izabranog vijećnika u prošlom mandate.
Kandidiran 2016. za Nagradu Grada Zadra za životno djelo.

Izvori

Hrvatski liječnici
Reumatologija
Životopisi, Zadar

Želimir Maštrović


في الهندسة الرياضية، القطعة المستقيمة أو الضلع  هو جزءٌ من خطٍّ مُستقيمٍ محددٌ بنقطتين تُسمَّيانِ «طرفا الضلع» أو «نقطتا نهاية الضلع» . يضم الضلع جميع النقاط الواقعة على المستقيم بين طرفيه وتُصنَّفُ القطعة المستقيمة على أنَّها مجموعة غير فارغة متصلة.

حالات خاصة

 عند وقوع طرفي ضلعٍ على منحنى، فإنه يُسمَّى وتراً.
 عند وقوعِ طرفي ضلعٍ على رأسَيْ مضلّعٍ غير متجاورَيْنِ، فإنه يسمى قطراً.
 أضلاع المستطيل والمربع من الأمثلة على القطع المستقيمة.

التطابق

 خاصية الانعكاس للتماثل: AB=AB
 خاصية التماثل للتطابق: إذا كان AC=AB فإنَّ CD=AB
 خاصية التعدي للتطابق: إذا كانAB=CD,CD=EF فإنَّ AB=EF

انظر أيضاً

 فترة.
 خط.
 دائرة.

مراجع

جبر خطي
هندسة ابتدائية

قطعة مستقيمة


Richard Drew () este un foto-jurnalist, angajat la agenția Associated Press.

În anul 2001 acesta a fotografiat poza intitulată The falling man, care a fost capturată la World Trade Center (turnurile gemene) în urma atacurilor din data de 11 septembrie 2001. Astfel, există și un documentar britanic intitulat "The falling man" legat de fotografia lui Richard, premiat pe Discovery pe 10 septembrie 2007.

Drew a fost unul dintre cei 4 fotografi prezenți la asasinarea lui Robert F. Kennedy.

Richard a fost angajat la "Associated Press" pe parcursul a 40 de ani, în prezent locuind în New York cu soția lui și cele două fiice.

Note

Bibliografie
 Richard Drew de Peter Howe - Jurnalistul Digital

Legături externe

 Interviul CNN cu Richard Drew
 Junod, Tom "The Falling Man", Nobil (Septembrie 2003).
 9/11: The Falling Man (Martie 16, 2006). Canalul 4.
 Howe, Peter (2001). "Richard Drew". Jurnalistul Digital.

Nașteri în 1946
Fotojurnaliști americani
Oameni în viață

Richard Drew (fotograf)


The Niobrara River (; , , literally "water spread-out horizontal-the" or "The Wide-Spreading Water") is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately  long, running through the U.S. states of Wyoming and Nebraska.  The river drains one of the most arid sections of the Great Plains, and has a low flow for a river of its length. The Niobrara's watershed includes the northern tier of Nebraska Sandhills, a small south-central section of South Dakota, as well as a small area of eastern Wyoming.

Course
The river rises in the High Plains of Wyoming, in southern Niobrara County. The Niobrara flows east as an intermittent stream past Lusk and southeast into northwestern Nebraska. It then flows southeast across the Pine Ridge country of Sioux County, then east through Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, past Marsland, and through Box Butte Reservoir. The stream flows east across northern Nebraska, near the northern edge of the Sandhills and past Valentine. It is joined by the Snake River about  southwest of Valentine. In north-central Nebraska it is joined by the Keya Paha River approximately  west of Butte. The river joins the Missouri northwest of Niobrara in northern Knox County, just upstream of Lewis and Clark Lake. Its total drainage basin is about .

Discharge
Although the annual runoff is low relative to the size of its drainage basin, the Niobrara has a stronger and more consistent flow than many other streams in the region. An estimated 70 percent of the river's water results from seepage from the Ogallala Aquifer that underlies the area, with the remaining 30 percent from precipitation. The river is highest in the spring and early summer (February through April) and lowest in early fall (August and September). By late fall, river levels begin to rise as demands for river water for irrigation subside.

The Niobrara's average discharge between 1958 and 2013, measured at the U.S. Geological Survey stream gage at Verdel, Nebraska,  above the mouth, is . The highest flow recorded was  on March 27, 1960. The lowest daily mean was  on November 13, 1960.

History
The lower Niobrara valley is the traditional home of the Ponca tribe of Native Americans. Between 1861 and 1882, the stretch of the Niobrara River from the mouth of the Keya Paha to its confluence with the Missouri marked the boundary between Nebraska and the Dakota Territory.

National Scenic River

A  stretch of the Niobrara River in central Nebraska, from the town of Valentine east to Nebraska State Highway 137, has been designated as the Niobrara National Scenic River since 1991. It is managed by the Department of the Interior (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and National Park Service) to protect the water quality, geologic, paleontologic, fish and wildlife, scenic and recreation values.

Most of the lands within the boundary of the National Scenic River are, and will remain, in private ownership. Management is based upon working with private, county, state and federal landowners and stakeholders to coordinate protection of the river while ensuring a quality experience for river visitors. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service manages the 9 miles of river that flow through the Fort Niobrara Refuge primarily for wilderness and wildlife habitat, but allows recreation downstream from Cornell Dam.  The National Park Service manages the remaining 67 miles, acting as a facilitator for resource protection by landowners and river users, providing law enforcement and visitor education services, and coordinating resource management activities.

River modifications

The Box Butte Dam, completed in 1946 by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), is the only major dam on the Niobrara River proper. Located in Dawes County in western Nebraska, the dam is part of the Mirage Flats Project, which irrigates  on the north side of the Niobrara River. Dunlap Diversion Dam,  below Box Butte, diverts water through a  canal to the farmland.

The Snake River tributary is impounded by the Merritt Dam and irrigates about  in the area of Valentine, Nebraska. The project is part of the Ainsworth Unit of the Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin Program, also operated by the USBR.

Cornell Dam, built in 1915 at the confluence of Minnechaduza Creek near Valentine, generated power until 1985. The following year the dam was acquired by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Although officially decommissioned, the dam remains standing. The feasibility of removing the defunct dam has been studied, although the accumulation of sediment behind the dam, which may include high levels of chemicals from pesticides, may be harmful to the river environment if released.

Spencer Dam, about  from the mouth of the Niobrara, was the last operational hydroelectric plant on the river. The dam was built in 1927 and was operated by the Nebraska Public Power District. It includes two Westinghouse generators, with a combined capacity of 3,000 kW. In a 2015 agreement with Nebraska local and state government entities, NPPD agreed to decommission the dam in 2017. The dam was breached by flooding caused by a March 2019 storm.

Native American languages
In the Cheyenne language, the river is Hisse Yovi Yoe, meaning "surprise river"; in Pawnee, Kíckatariʾ; and in Lakota, Wakpá Tȟáŋka, meaning "great river".

See also
Agate Fossil Beds National Monument
Box Butte Reservoir
Fort Niobrara, a U.S. Army outpost (1880–1906)
Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge
Niobrara National Scenic River
Niobrara State Park, located at the confluence of the Niobrara and Missouri Rivers
Samuel R. McKelvie National Forest
Smith Falls
List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem)
List of Nebraska rivers
List of Wyoming rivers

References

External links
Niobrara National Scenic River - U.S. National Park Service
Niobrara State Park - Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
Smith Falls State Park - Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge - U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Agate Fossil Beds National Monument - U.S. National Park Service

Rivers of Nebraska
Rivers of Wyoming
Tributaries of the Missouri River
Rivers of Sioux County, Nebraska
Rivers of Dawes County, Nebraska
Rivers of Boyd County, Nebraska
Rivers of Cherry County, Nebraska
Rivers of Knox County, Nebraska
Rivers of Keya Paha County, Nebraska
Rivers of Brown County, Nebraska
Rivers of Rock County, Nebraska
Rivers of Sheridan County, Nebraska
Rivers of Holt County, Nebraska
National Park Service Wild and Scenic Rivers
Federal lands in Nebraska
National Park Service areas in Nebraska
Wild and Scenic Rivers of the United States

Niobrara River


La microrregión de São Raimundo Nonato es una de las microrregiones del estado brasileño del Piauí perteneciente a la mesorregión Sudoeste Piauiense. Su población fue estimada en 2006 por el IBGE en 135.122 habitantes y está dividida en diecisiete municipios. Su población está formada por negros y mulatos 48.6, blancos de origen portugués y árabe 27.4, caboclos(mestizos de indios y blancos)23.7, asiáticos 0.2 e indígenas 0.1, habitaban la región en 2010 según el IBGE 88 indígenas Posee un área total de 27.644,522 km².

Municipios

 Anísio de Abreu
 Bonfim do Piauí
 Brejo do Piauí
 Canto do Buriti
 Caracol
 Coronel José Dias
 Dirceu Arcoverde
 Dom Inocêncio
 Fartura do Piauí
 Guaribas
 Jurema
 Pajeú do Piauí
 São Braz do Piauí
 São Lourenço do Piauí
 São Raimundo Nonato
 Tamboril do Piauí
 Várzea Branca

São Raimundo Nonato

Microrregión de São Raimundo Nonato