Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Michal nad Žitavou enthält das eine nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützte Objekt in der Gemeinde Michal nad Žitavou im Okres Nové Zámky.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

!
Michal nad Zitavou


Ana Dalasena (grčki Ἄννα Δαλασσηνή; o. 1025./30. – 1. studenog 1100./02.) bila je grčka plemkinja. Njezini su roditelji bili službenik Aleksije Charon (Ἀλέξιος Χάρων) i njegova supruga, gospa iz obitelji Dalassenos.

Oko 1040. godine, Ana se udala; njezin suprug je bio Ivan Komnen (domestikos tōn scholōn), brat cara Izaka I. Komnena. Ovo su njihova djeca:
Manuel Komnen (kouropalates)
Marija Komnena
Izak Komnen (brat Aleksija I.)
Eudokija Komnena
Teodora Komnena
Aleksije I. Komnen — car Bizantskog Carstva
Adrijan Komnen
Nikefor Komnen

Car Aleksije, koji je bio pod velikim Aninim utjecajem, učinio je Anu Augustom. Njezina unuka je bila princeza Ana Komnena, kći Aleksija i Irene Duke, s kojom Ana nije bila u najboljim odnosima.

Izvori i bilješke

Skoulatos, Basile (1980). Les personnages byzantins de l'Alexiade: Analyse prosopographique et synthèse [The Byzantine Personalities of the Alexiad: Prosopographical Analysis and Synthesis]. Louvain-la-Neuve: Nauwelaerts.
Komneni
Aleksije I. Komnen
Auguste
Vladarice u 12. stoljeću

Ana Dalasena


Die Hohe Liebe ist ein  hoher Tafelberg im Elbsandsteingebirge in Sachsen.

Lage
Der Berg befindet sich im östlichen Teil des Nationalparks Sächsische Schweiz. Er wird nördlich vom Kirnitzschtal und südlich von der Schrammsteingruppe begrenzt. Im Osten liegt im Nassen Grund ein kleiner Zufluss zur Kirnitzsch.

Geologie
Die eher spitz- oder kegelförmige Form ist untypisch für Tafelberge im Elbsandsteingebirge. Die geologische Ursache liegt in einer Unterschiebung durch die Lausitzer Platte, so dass eine schrägstehende, von West nach Ost ansteigende Platte mit den Gipfeln der Gellchensteine (244 m) im Westen über die Kleine Liebe (344 m) und der Hohen Liebe im Osten resultiert. Der gesamte Berg ist bewaldet. Die bei den nahe gelegenen Tafelbergen typischen Felsengipfelreihen mit steilen Felswänden fehlen vollständig. Die Tafelbergform wird erst am felsigen Gipfel sichtbar.

Zugang
Über den Gipfel führt von Ostrau aus ein markierter, als Oberer Liebenweg später als Butterweg bezeichneter Wanderweg ins Kirnitzschtal. Weitere Zugänge sind auch von der Ostrauer Mühle oder von Wanderwegen um die Schrammsteine oder aus dem Nassen Grund möglich. Der Gipfel ist nicht dicht bewaldet, so dass eine gute Aussicht zu benachbarten Felsformationen wie den Affensteinen und den Schrammsteinen mit dem Falkenstein möglich ist.

Bergsteigerehrenmal
Auf dem Gipfel der Hohen Liebe befindet sich ein Bergsteigerehrenmal, das an im Ersten Weltkrieg gefallene Bergsteiger erinnert. Von rund 800 Mitgliedern des Sächsischen Bergsteigerbunds (SBB) waren über 400 im Ersten Weltkrieg gefallen. Bereits kurz nach Kriegsende rief der SBB einen Ausschuss zur Errichtung eines Ehrenmals für gefallene Bergsteiger in Leben. Leiter war der bekannte Bergsteiger und Erstbegeher des Überfalls an der Lokomotive, Albert Kunze, als Berater zur Gestaltung engagierte sich der Dresdner Architekt und Bergsteiger Oskar Pusch. Der Entwurf zur Gestaltung stammte von Franz Beyer, einem Dresdner Bildhauer und Bergsteiger. Am 17. Oktober 1920 wurde das Ehrenmal mit einer Rede von Rudolf Fehrmann eingeweiht.

Das aus Sandstein gefertigte Ehrenmal trägt zwei Bronzetafeln mit den Inschriften "Den gefallenen Bergsteigern 1914 bis 1918" und "Unseren toten Bergfreunden". 1947 wurde die damals als nicht mehr zeitgemäß empfundene Inschrift geändert, 1990 wurde der frühere Zustand wieder hergestellt.

Am Totensonntag treffen sich am Ehrenmal jedes Jahr Bergsteiger zur Erinnerung an ihre Toten. Inzwischen wird nicht mehr nur gefallener Bergsteiger gedacht, sondern allen gestorbenen und bei Bergunfällen ums Leben gekommenen Bergsteigern. Das Treffen auf der Hohen Liebe gehört zum traditionellen Kalender des Bergsteigerjahrs im Klettergebiet Sächsische Schweiz.

Galerie

Literatur
 B. Pollmann, Kompass Wanderführer Sächsische Schweiz / Elbsandsteingebirge – Wanderführer: 49 Touren mit Höhenprofilen, KOMPASS-Karten, Innsbruck,  4. Auflage 2009, ISBN 978-3854919315
 F. Hasse, Rother Wanderführer Elbsandsteingebirge. Die schönsten Touren in der Sächsischen Schweiz, Bergverlag Rother, 9. Auflage 2011, ISBN 978-3763341917
 R. Böhm, Wanderkarte der Sächsischen Schweiz, Schrammsteine·Affensteine 1 : 10 000: Lichtenhainer Wasserfall – Großer Winterberg, Rolf Böhm Verlag, 6. Auflage 2009, ISBN 978-3910181014

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Berg in Europa
Felsen in Sachsen
Berg in der Sächsischen Schweiz
Ostrau (Bad Schandau)
Geographie (Bad Schandau)

Hohe Liebe


Carlo Molfetta (* 15. Februar 1984 in Mesagne) ist ein italienischer Taekwondoin.

Er feierte seinen ersten Erfolg mit dem Juniorenweltmeistertitel im Jahr 2000. Im Jahr darauf zog er überraschend auch im Erwachsenenbereich bei der Weltmeisterschaft in Jeju-si ins Finale ein und gewann in der Gewichtsklasse bis 67 Kilogramm die Silbermedaille. In den folgenden Jahren blieb Molfetta vor allem bei Europameisterschaften erfolgreich. In der Klasse bis 72 Kilogramm gewann er 2004 in Lillehammer Silber und 2005 in Riga Bronze. Molfetta startete auch bei den Olympischen Spielen 2004 in Athen. Dort belegte er nach einer Auftaktniederlage und einem Sieg in der Hoffnungsrunde Rang sieben.

Seit 2009 startet Molfetta in der Gewichtsklasse bis 87 Kilogramm. Bei der Weltmeisterschaft in Kopenhagen zog er ins Finale ein und errang mit Silber seine zweite WM-Medaille. Seinen ersten internationalen Titel ließ er schließlich bei der Europameisterschaft 2010 in Sankt Petersburg folgen, wo er mit einem überlegenen Finalsieg Europameister wurde. Weitere Bronzemedaillen sammelte Molfetta bei der Weltmeisterschaft 2011 in Gyeongju und der Europameisterschaft 2012 in Manchester.

Molfetta erreichte im Januar 2012 beim europäischen Olympiaqualifikationsturnier in Kasan in der Gewichtsklasse über 80 Kilogramm das Finale und qualifizierte sich für die Olympischen Spiele 2012 in London. Dort stieß er bis ins Finale vor und gewann gegen Anthony Obame den Kampf um die Goldmedaille, mit 9:9 Punkten nach Verlängerung sowie nach Jury-Entscheidung.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Homepage

Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2004
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2012
Taekwondoin (Italien)
Olympiasieger (Taekwondo)
Europameister (Taekwondo)
Olympiateilnehmer (Italien)
Sportsoldat (Italien)
Italiener
Geboren 1984
Mann

Carlo Molfetta


In computer science, a symbol table is a data structure used by a language translator such as a compiler or interpreter, where each identifier (or symbol), constant, procedure and function in a program's source code is associated with information relating to its declaration or appearance in the source. In other words, the entries of a symbol table store the information related to the entry's corresponding symbol.

Background
A symbol table may only exist in memory during the translation process, or it may be embedded in the output of the translation, such as in an ABI object file for later use. For example, it might be used during an interactive debugging session, or as a resource for formatting a diagnostic report during or after execution of a program.

Description
The minimum information contained in a symbol table used by a translator and intermediate representation (IR) includes the symbol's name and its location or address. For a compiler targeting a platform with a concept of relocatability, it will also contain relocatability attributes (absolute, relocatable, etc.) and needed relocation information for relocatable symbols. Symbol tables for high-level programming languages may store the symbol's type: string, integer, floating-point, etc., its size, and its dimensions and its bounds. Not all of this information is included in the output file, but may be provided for use in debugging. In many cases, the symbol's cross-reference information is stored with or linked to the symbol table. Most compilers print some or all of this information in symbol table and cross-reference listings at the end of translation.

Implementation
Numerous data structures are available for implementing tables. Trees, linear lists and self-organizing lists can all be used to implement a symbol table. The symbol table is accessed by most phases of a compiler, beginning with lexical analysis, and continuing through optimization.

A compiler may use one large symbol table for all symbols or use separated, or hierarchical symbol tables for different scopes. For example, in a scoped language such as Algol or PL/I a symbol "p" can be declared separately in several procedures, perhaps with different attributes. The scope of each declaration is the section of the program in which references to "p" resolve to that declaration. Each declaration represents a unique identifier "p". The symbol table must have some means of differentiating references to the different "p"s.

A common data structure used to implement symbol tables is the hash table. The time for searching in hash tables is independent of the number of elements stored in the table, so it is efficient for a large number of elements. It also simplifies the classification of literals in tabular format by including the classification in calculation of the hash key.

As the lexical analyser spends a great proportion of its time looking up the symbol table, this activity has a crucial effect on the overall speed of the compiler. A symbol table must be organised in such a way that entries can be found as quickly as possible. Hash tables are usually used to organise a symbol table, where the keyword or identifier is 'hashed' to produce an array subscript. Collisions are inevitable in a hash table, and a common way of handling them is to store the synonym in the next available free space in the table.

Applications
An object file will contain a symbol table of the identifiers it contains that are externally visible.  During the linking of different object files, a linker will identify and resolve these symbol references. Usually all undefined external symbols will be searched for in one or more object libraries. If a module is found that defines that symbol it is linked together with the first object file, and any undefined external identifiers are added to the list of identifiers to be looked up. This process continues until all external references have been resolved. It is an error if one or more remains unresolved at the end of the process.

While reverse engineering an executable, many tools refer to the symbol table to check what addresses have been assigned to global variables and known functions. If the symbol table has been stripped or cleaned out before being converted into an executable, tools will find it harder to determine addresses or understand anything about the program.

Example

Consider the following program written in C:
// Declare an external function
extern double bar(double x);

// Define a public function
double foo(int count)
{
    double sum = 0.0;

    // Sum all the values bar(1) to bar(count)
    for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++)
        sum += bar((double) i);
    return sum;
}

A C compiler that parses this code will contain at least the following symbol table entries:

In addition, the symbol table may also contain entries generated by the compiler for intermediate expression values (e.g., the expression that casts the i loop variable into a double, and the return value of the call to function bar()), statement labels, and so forth.

Example: SysV ABI

An example of a symbol table can be found in the SysV Application Binary Interface (ABI) specification, which mandates how symbols are to be laid out in a binary file, so that different compilers, linkers and loaders can all consistently find and work with the symbols in a compiled object.

The SysV ABI is implemented in the GNU binutils' nm utility.  This format uses a sorted memory address field, a "symbol type" field, and a symbol identifier (called "Name").

The symbol types in the SysV ABI (and nm's output) indicate the nature of each entry in the symbol table. Each symbol type is represented by a single character. For example, symbol table entries representing initialized data are denoted by the character "d" and symbol table entries for functions have the symbol type "t" (because executable code is located in the text section of an object file). Additionally, the capitalization of the symbol type indicates the type of linkage: lower-case letters indicate the symbol is local and upper-case indicates external (global) linkage.

Example: the Python symbol table
The Python programming language includes extensive support for creating and manipulating symbol tables. Properties that can be queried include whether a given symbol is a free variable or a bound variable, whether it is block scope or global scope, whether it is imported, and what namespace it belongs to.

Example: Dynamic symbol tables
Some programming languages allow the symbol table to be manipulated at run-time, so that symbols can be added at any time. Racket is an example of such a language.

Both the LISP and the Scheme programming languages allow arbitrary, generic properties to be associated with each symbol.

The Prolog programming language is essentially a symbol-table manipulation language; symbols are called atoms, and the relationships between symbols can be reasoned over.  Similarly, OpenCog provides a dynamic symbol table, called the atomspace, which is used for knowledge representation.

See also
Debug symbol
.debug_info

References

Bibliography

Compiler structures

Symbol table


John  Deighton (November 1830 – May 23, 1875), better known as "Gassy Jack", was a bar-owner in British Columbia. The Gastown neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia takes its name from him.

History

Deighton was born in  Hull, England. Growing up in Hull, a major seaport, Deighton and his brothers Tom and Richard learned to sail. Tom and Richard apprenticed on British ships, but Jack did not receive that opportunity. However, this meant he could switch to sailing on U.S. ships. When the California Gold Rush hit, ships were in demand to transport cargo and people from New York to San Francisco. In 1850, this voyage around Cape Horn took 140–160 days. Deighton signed up to work a new clipper Invincible that could sail 400 miles a day and made the trip in only 115 days. The next journey was to Hong Kong. Deighton was 21 years old and Third Officer. Next, Deighton visited family at home in England and then returned to the U.S., never returning to England again.

Next, Deighton worked a gold claim in California, along with many others, until February 1858 when there was news of gold further north in a British territory known as New Caledonia. The Fraser Canyon Gold Rush had begun and Deighton sailed north along with thousands of others. The harsh winter took its toll on the prospectors but Deighton stayed for 5 years. He found no gold, though others did. New Caledonia was now the Colony of British Columbia. Traffic on the Fraser River was increasing as more miners arrived, but so far only American steamers were able to travel beyond Langley. Local boats were built to meet this need and Deighton piloted steamships and sternwheelers on the Fraser River for several years.

By 1864, Deighton was forced to pursue other lines of work as he developed health problems (swelling of the legs and feet).

Between 1862 and 1867, he ran a bar called the Globe Saloon in New Westminster, British Columbia. It was quite prosperous due to the Cariboo Gold Rush. But in 1867 when Deighton went out of town to visit the hot mineral springs near Harrison Lake, he entrusted the bar to an old shipmate, an American. On July 4 the celebrations got out of hand and Deighton returned to find his business ruined.

In 1867, Deighton opened a bar on the south side of Burrard Inlet at the behest of his old friend, Captain Edward Stamp, the owner of the Hastings Mill. He later named it the Globe Saloon in memory of his previous bar in New Westminster. He came to the area with little more than $6 to his name, a few simple pieces of furniture, his Indigenous wife (whose name has been lost to the years), and a yellow dog. The bar was built by idle sawmill workers in exchange for all the whisky they could drink in one sitting (the nearest drinking hole was 25 miles away). His patrons were mainly sailors and workers from the nearby sawmill. When business dwindled there, Deighton tried to acquire 20 waterfront acres near Moody's Mill and build a new saloon there. The local natives protested and the Governor agreed with them – Deighton went back to his previous bar, the Globe Saloon. This bar was demolished when the townsite of Granville was established. Deighton bought a nearby lot for $135 at the south-west corner of Carrall and Water Streets, where he built Deighton House.

Deighton was first married to a Squamish woman, whose name is currently unknown. Before her death around 1870, her niece, Quahail-ya, came to care for her.  After her death, Deighton married Quahail-ya who was also known by the name Madeline Deighton. According to the 1921 Canadian Census she was born in 1855 or 1856 but other sources suggest other dates. In 1940, she told Vancouver archivist Major J.S. Matthews that she was "about 12" when she married Deighton in 1870.  Matthews reported that "it was difficult to converse." In 1946, after a portrait of her by Vancouver artist Mildred Valley Thornton was featured in the Vancouver Sun, she was described in an article as being "well over 90 years old." Newspaper stories on her death in 1948 noted she was "reputed to be over 100 years of age" and that she "claimed to be between 102 and 110 years of age."

A son, Richard Mason Deighton, was born to Deighton and his wife in December 1871; the baby was baptized in 1872. Richard was nicknamed the "Earl of Granville" and was a popular figure in Gastown. (In her 1940 interview with Major Matthews, Madeline said the baby lived about two years and was buried at Brockton Point, but in fact he outlived his father.)  Deighton's brother Tom and his wife took over the business in 1873 and Deighton returned to working the steamship that plied the Fraser River, this time as a captain of the steamer Onward. However, after a family quarrel a few months later, he resumed management of the saloon and operated it until he became ill and died at the age of 44 on May 23, 1875.  Deighton's will left everything to his four-year-old son, but Richard died in November 1875 before the will was probated. It is not known who inherited the $304, but Quahail-ya/Madeline was reimbursed for three months of childcare and the expenses of her son's funeral. She returned to the North Shore and married Billy Williams, who died in 1897. She died August 10, 1948.

Legacy

He is interred at the Fraser Cemetery in New Westminster, British Columbia. A headstone was installed in 1972, reading "Here lies John 'Gassy Jack' Deighton, 1830 - 1875, Sailor, Prospector, Steamboatman, Pioneer, Hotelman at New Westminster & Granville: 'I have done well since I came here.'"  The location of the monument is  (WGS84).

Deighton was known as Gassy Jack because of his talkative nature and his penchant for storytelling. Locals called area around his bar "Gastown" though its proper name at the time was Granville.

The Deighton House was later burned in the Great Vancouver Fire of June 1886.

In honour of Jack Deighton, the Gassy Jack statue stood in Maple Tree Square in Gastown which was the former site of his saloon, until it was toppled and covered with paint by demonstrators on February 14, 2022, during the 31st annual Memorial March for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls.

References

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1830 births
1875 deaths
Drinking establishment owners
Pre-Confederation British Columbia people
Dei
Dei

John Deighton


Mesquite, Novi Meksiko
Mesquite Creek, Arizona
El Mesquite (Teksas)
Mesquite, selo plemena Papago Indijanaca Piman
Vicent Nicolau de Mesquito
Julio de Mesquita Filho
mesqite (drvo)
meskvit, vrsta graha
 Júlio Mesquita, općina u brazilskoj saveznoj državi São Paulu
 Mesquite (Concho), banda plemena Concha
 Henrique da Mesquita, jedan od predsjednika FC Porta

Vidi
 Mesquita

Mesquite


Vilma (Miskolczy) Vukelić, hrvatska književnica (Osijek, 8. II. 1880. –  20. III. 1956.). Podrijetlom je iz mađarsko-židovske obitelji doseljene u Osijek. Bila je pripovjedačica u maniri realistične proze. Školovala se u Beču. U osječkom listu Die Drau (Drava) 1896. piše feljtone, prevodi hrvatske pjesnike na njemački. Udaje se za književnika Milivoja Vukelića. Živi u Budimpešti i Pečuhu, a od 1923. u Zagrebu. Na njemačkom je napisala sedam djela, koja su većinom ostala u rukopisu. Za života joj je objavljen roman o Židovima u Mađarskoj uoči I. svjetskog rata – Ljudi bez domovine (Die Heimatlosen, 1923.). U rukopisu su ostali roman o ratnoj 1941. u Zagrebu Okruženje (Der Kreis, datiran 1947.), o političkim previranjima u Hrvatskoj 1913.–1921. Sjetva (Aussaat, 1950.), odgojni roman međuratnog Zagreba Čovjek na mostu (Der Mann auf der Brücke, 1955.) te Dvanaestorica za stolom (Zwölf um den Tisch, 1955.), o političkim izbjeglicama u Parizu. Na hrvatski su joj 1994. prevedeni memoari Tragovi prošlosti (Spuren der Vergangenheit, oko 1948.), u kojem autoreferencijalno opisuje srednjoeuropski prostor vlastitog odrastanja, te 1997. kronika U stiješnjenim granicama (In engen Grenzen, 1951.), u kojoj prikazuje osječki građanski stalež.

Životopis
Vilma Vukelić, prije udaje je nosila obiteljsko prezime Miskolczy. Rodila se u Osijeku, a povijest ju pamti kao vodeću hrvatsku književnicu koja je stvarala na njemačkom jeziku, romansijerku i književnu kritičarku tadašnjeg Osijeka. Rođena je u obitelji osječkog ekonomista Juliusa Miskolczyja, predsjednika Trgovačko obrtničke komore. Imala je i židovsko ime – Frumet – koje na hebrejskom znači pravičnost.

U Osijeku je završila osnovnu i Višu djevojačku školu. Obrazovanje je nastavila u Beču, od 1893. do 1895. godine. Maturirala je tek 13 godina kasnije, u Rijeci. Svoj prvi feljton objavit će 1897. godine u časopisu Die Drau (Drava). 1902. godine. Vilma se potom udala za Milivoja Vukelića, vojnog časnika i književnika koji je stvarao pod pseudonimom Milkan Lovinac. U braku s Milivojem Vilma će roditi četvero djece. 1903. godine sa suprugom je preselila u Zagreb. Iako majka i supruga, Vilma je uspjela upisati studij kemije na Prirodoslovnom fakultetu u Münchenu 1911. godine, no zbog Prvog svjetskog rata studij nikad nije završila. 1923. objavljena joj je knjiga Die Heimatlosen (Ljudi bez domovine), kronika o životu židovske etničke zajednice u Mađarskoj u desetljeću prije Prvog svjetskog rata. Roman je hvaljen u časopisu zagrebačke židovske mladeži Gideon. Od 1933. do 1937. godine živjela je i stvarala u Parizu, a nakon toga se ponovno vratila u Zagreb.

Napisala je brojna djela koja joj nisu objavljena, a na hrvatski jezik prevedena joj je memoarska proza Tragovi prošlosti i U stiješnjenim granicama, kronika Osijeka u vrijeme vladavine Khuena Hedervarija. Suvremenici i analitičari njezinog života i djela, Vilmu Vukelić opisuju kao lijevo orijentiranu intelektualku, koja se zanimala za socijalnu građansku podvojenost. Djelo joj se po književnoj zrelosti i dokumentarnoj širini može usporediti s istaknutim memoarskim spisima u Srednjoj Europi. Smatra se da je djelom Tragovi prošlosti postala osječki Stefan Zweig.

Osim pisanjem bavila se i prevođenjem s hrvatskog na njemački jezik: djela Bogovića, Badalića, Šenoe, Arnolda, Kranjčevića, Begovića i drugih autora u njezinom prijevodu objavljivana su u nedjeljnom izdanju Drave, te povremeno u Agramer Tagblattu i Agramer Zeitungu. Prijevodi iz Drave kasnije su objedinjeni u zbirci Cvjetovi iz hrvatskog pjesničkog gaja.

Pored pisanja, bila je talentirana umjetnica, slikarica. U mladosti je učila od Adolfa Waldingera, poznatog osječkog slikara. Neobjavljena rukopisna i slikarska ostavština Vilme Vukelić čuva se danas u Državnom arhivu u Zagrebu, unutar obiteljskog fonda Vukelić- Miskolczy. Tu je sačuvan i njen crtaći blok koji sadrži crteže tušem i olovkom, akvarele i studije u boji. Njeno slikarstvo odlikuje idejom plein aira, slika rađenih u punom svjetlu i na otvorenom prostoru. Zadnje godine (zbog tromboze) provodi u svojoj sobi u kojoj je pisala do samog kraja. Umrla je u ožujku 1956. godine, u 76. godini života, a sahranjena je na zagrebačkom groblju Mirogoj.

Otkrivanjem prigodne spomen-ploče u srpnju 2017., u ulici Lorenza Jägera, ime Vilme Vukelić, postalo je vidljivim dijelom osječkog javnog prostora.

Izabrana bibliografija
Tragovi prošlosti : (memoari) / Vilma Vukelić, prvo izdanje, Zagreb : Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske, 1994.

U stiješnjenim granicama / Vilma Vukelić ; (prijevod Vlado Obad), Osijek : Matica hrvatska, 1997.

Tragovi prošlosti : memoari / Vilma Vukelić ; drugo izdanje, [prema tiposkriptu redigirao, s njemačkoga preveo i komentarima popratio Vlado Obad], Zagreb : Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske, 2003.

Izvori

Hrvatski književnici
Životopisi, Osijek

Vilma (Miskolczy) Vukelić


The Pantiles is a Georgian colonnade in the town of Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. Formerly known as "The Walks" and the (Royal) "Parade", it leads from the well that gave the town its name.  The area, developed following the discovery of a chalybeate spring in 1606,  has become a popular  tourist-attraction.

 the Pantiles includes a variety of specialist shops, art galleries, cafés, restaurants and bars, as well as a  farmers market held outside every other Saturday.  Throughout the summer jazz bands play outside on the bandstand, attracting hundreds of people.

Chalybeate spring

The chalybeate spring is situated at the north-eastern end of The Pantiles at .  The spring is overlooked by the Dipper's Hall.  The waters are rich in iron giving them a unique taste.

Tourists can sample the spring water which is served by costumed 'Dippers' every summer.

History

1606-1659: Discovery of the wells
Dudley Lord North, a distinguished courtier during the reign of King James I, discovered the waters in 1606.  Having lived a fashionably excessive lifestyle, he retired to the countryside (in nearby Eridge) in an unsuccessful attempt to repair his health.  Travelling through woodland on his return to London, he discovered the waters and decided to try them.  He found his health completely restored and lived to the age of 80.

With public interest aroused, Lord Abergavenny cleared the area of brushwood, sank wells and surrounded them with stone paving and railings.  The waters subsequently attracted other visitors, who also claimed their health to be restored.  Although few in number, due to the lack of accommodation nearby (at this time, the nearest being in Tunbridge (now Tonbridge), some 5 miles to the north), the visitors were of high social standing.  They included Henrietta Maria of France, wife of King Charles I, six weeks after the birth of her son (later to become King Charles II) whose party camped in opulent tents erected at Bishops Down, due to the lack of nearby lodgings.

Originally referred to as Frant Wells, they were later renamed Queen Mary's Wells, in honour of Queen Mary II and were only later given the present name of Tunbridge Wells.

The Upper and Lower Walks were created in 1638, when an existing bank of earth stretching south-west from the wells was levelled and planted with a double row of trees.  Wooden buildings were constructed on both sides of the Walks.

1660-1738: Post-Restoration
The wells were neglected and almost forgotten during the English civil wars.  It is following the Restoration, that several improvements were made to the immediate area, including construction of an assembly room and bowling green.  In 1664, following a dangerous illness, the queen (Catherine of Braganza) was ordered to drink the waters, increasing their popularity.

In 1687, a fire destroyed the wooden buildings located on either side of the Walks.  The buildings were later rebuilt with the colonnades which give the Pantiles its distinctive character today.  By 1697, coffee houses had been developed in the area.

1739 onwards: The Rusthall Manor Act
Signed in 1739, the Rusthall Manor Act ensured that the Walks, the Wells and the Dipper's Hall would be freely accessible to the public.  It also prevented the building of any further buildings on Tunbridge Wells Common.

Background to the name "Pantiles"
 In 1700 the Upper Walks were paved with pantiles.
 On the 1738 map the area appears pretty much in its present form.
 In 1793 the pantiles were mostly removed and substituted with stone flagging – the region was then called The Parade.
 In 1887 the old name was revived.

The pantiles used to pave the Upper Walks should not be confused with roofing pantiles. The paving installed there comprised one-inch thick square tiles made from heavy wealden clay, so named because they were shaped in a wooden pan before firing.

Most of the Pantiles is listed: mostly built early to mid 19th century. No.7 is c.1660; 39-41 was formerly the Gloster Tavern; the Corn Exchange and Royal Victoria Hotel are both early 19th century.

Events
The Pantiles also hosts various festivals during the year including a food festival, a music festival featuring local bands, a fashion market and an open air art exhibition.

During the summer, the Pantiles hosts a summer jazz season, featuring evening outdoor jazz concerts on Thursday evenings where musicians play on the historic bandstand.

Cultural references
The Pantiles was used as a filming location for the 1967 musical Half a Sixpence starring Tommy Steele and Julia Foster. In 1991 it was used as a backdrop for the band World Of Twist, on the cover of their debut album, Quality Street, with the group dressed in period costume. In 2007 it was used in a Christmas television advert for the Morrisons supermarket chain starring the singer Lulu.  This caused some local discontent as Morrisons had only recently closed their Tunbridge Wells store.  Morrisons returned to the Pantiles for their 2009 Christmas advert starring Richard Hammond and Denise van Outen. In 2021, the Pantiles was the backdrop for the televised christmas advert of the online retailer, Very.

References

External links

 The Pantiles Traders website listing all shops and events on The Pantiles
 Visit Tunbridge Wells - Tourist Information
 The Pantiles Landlord Targetfollows website
 Eric Knowles Antiques The Pantiles Arcade

1606 establishments in England
Geography of Kent
Royal Tunbridge Wells
Tourist attractions in Kent
Catherine of Braganza
Colonnades
Henrietta Maria of France

The Pantiles


Propoziția completivă  este o propoziție subordonată, având la nivel de frază rolul complementului pe lângă propoziția regentă.

Există două tipuri de propoziții completive:
 Propoziție completivă directă, având în frază rolul complementului direct pe lângă propoziția regentă.
 Propoziție completivă indirectă, având în frază rolul complementului indirect pe lângă propoziția regentă.

Propoziții
Sintaxa frazei

Propoziție completivă


Disoidemata este un gen de insecte lepidoptere din familia Arctiidae.

Cladograma conform Catalogue of Life:

Referințe

Legături externe

Disoidemata

Disoidemata


Neogoniolithon, rod crvenih algi iz porodice Spongitaceae, dio potporodice Neogoniolithoideae. Postoji četrdesetak priznatih vrsta

Rod je opisan 1943.; tipična je vrsta morska alga N. fosliei.

Vrste

 Neogoniolithon accretum (Foslie & M.Howe) Setchell & L.R.Mason
 Neogoniolithon acropetum (Foslie & M.Howe) W.H.Adey
 Neogoniolithon affine (Foslie & M.Howe) Setchell & L.R.Mason
 Neogoniolithon assitum (Foslie) Setchell & L.R.Mason
 Neogoniolithon atlanticum Tâmega, Riosmena-Rodríguez, Mariath & M.Figueiredo
 Neogoniolithon brassica-florida (Harvey) Setchell & L.R.Mason
 Neogoniolithon caribaeum (Foslie) Adey
 Neogoniolithon ceylonense (Foslie) W.H.Adey
 Neogoniolithon clavacymosum W.H.Adey, R.A.Townsend & Boykins
 Neogoniolithon contii (Mastrorilli) D.Basso
 Neogoniolithon crassifructum V.Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal
 Neogoniolithon desikacharyi V.Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal
 Neogoniolithon dispalatum (Foslie & M.Howe) W.H.Adey
 Neogoniolithon erosum (Foslie) W.H.Adey
 Neogoniolithon finitimum (Foslie) Setchell & L.R.Mason
 Neogoniolithon fosliei (Heydrich) Setchell & L.R.Mason - tip
 Neogoniolithon ganesanii V.Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal
 Neogoniolithon hauckii (Rothpletz) R.A.Townsend & Huisman
 Neogoniolithon hirtum (Me.Lemoine) Afonso-Carrillo
 Neogoniolithon krusadii V.Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal
 Neogoniolithon mamillare (Harvey) Setchell & L.R.Mason
 Neogoniolithon martellii (Samsonoff) Setchell & L.R.Mason
 Neogoniolithon megacarpum W.H.Adey
 Neogoniolithon megalocystum (Foslie) Setchell & L.R.Mason
 Neogoniolithon misakiense (Foslie) Setchell & L.R.Mason
 Neogoniolithon oblimans (Heydrich) P.C.Silva
 Neogoniolithon orthoblastum (Heydrich) Setchell & Mason
 Neogoniolithon palkense V.Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal
 Neogoniolithon propinquum (Foslie) Me.Lemoine
 Neogoniolithon pudumadamense V.Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal
 Neogoniolithon racemosum (Kützing) Basso & Rodondi
 Neogoniolithon rhizophorae (Foslie & M.Howe)) Setchell & L.R.Mason
 Neogoniolithon rufum W.H.Adey, R.A.Townsend, & Boykins
 Neogoniolithon rugulosum W.H.Adey, R.A.Townsend & Boykins
 Neogoniolithon scabridum (Foslie) Me.Lemoine
 Neogoniolithon setchellii (Foslie) W.H.Adey
 Neogoniolithon siankanensis L.E.Mateo-Cid, A.C.Mendoza-González & P.W.Gabrielson
 Neogoniolithon spectabile (Foslie) Setchell & L.R.Mason
 Neogoniolithon strictum (Foslie) Setchell & L.R.Mason
 Neogoniolithon tenuicrustaceum Iryu & Matsuda
 Neogoniolithon tiruchendurense V.Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal
 Neogoniolithon trichotomum (Heydrich) Setchell & L.R.Mason
 Neogoniolithon variabile D.Zhang & J.Zhou

Izvori

Spongitaceae

Neogoniolithon


Un gráfico de celosía, gráfico de malla, gráfico de cuadrícula o gráfico de Trellis, es un tipo de gráfica para la representación de datos que combina varias gráficas simples en una retícula en la que comparten ejes y escalas. Están especialmente indicados para la visualización de datos de tipo multidimensional. Su nombre procede de la similitud de la distribución del contenido en la gráfica con las celosías usadas en la construcción.

Este gráfico es todo aquel cuyo dibujo, incrustado en algún espacio euclídeo R n, forma un mosaico regular. Esto implica que el grupo de transformaciones biyectivas que envía el gráfico a sí mismo es una celosía en el sentido teórico de grupo.

Normalmente, no se hace una distinción clara entre un gráfico de este tipo en el sentido más abstracto de la teoría de grafos y su dibujo en el espacio (a menudo el plano o el espacio 3D). Este tipo de gráfico se puede llamar más brevemente simplemente una celosía, malla o cuadrícula. Además, estos términos también se usan comúnmente para una sección finita del gráfico infinito, como en "una cuadrícula cuadrada de 8 × 8".

El término gráfico de celosía también se ha dado en la literatura a varios otros tipos de gráficos con alguna estructura regular, como el producto cartesiano de varios grafos completos.

Gráfico de cuadrícula cuadrada
Un tipo común de gráfico de celosía (conocido con diferentes nombres, como gráfico de cuadrícula cuadrada) es el gráfico cuyos vértices corresponden a los puntos en el plano con coordenadas enteras, las coordenadas x están en el rango 1, ..., n, Las coordenadas y están en el rango 1, ..., my dos vértices están conectados por un borde siempre que los puntos correspondientes están a la distancia 1. En otras palabras, es un grafo de unidad de distancia para el conjunto de puntos descrito.

Propiedades
Un gráfico de cuadrícula cuadrada es un producto cartesiano de gráficos , es decir, de dos gráficos de trayectoria con bordes n - 1 y m - 1. Dado que un grafo de trayectoria es un grafo mediano, el último hecho implica que el grafo de cuadrícula cuadrada también es un grafo mediano. Todos los grafos de cuadrícula son bipartitos, lo que se verifica fácilmente por el hecho de que se pueden colorear los vértices en forma de tablero de ajedrez.

Un gráfico de trayectoria también puede considerarse un gráfico de cuadrícula en la cuadrícula n veces 1. Un gráfico de cuadrícula de 2x2 es un gráfico de 4 ciclos.

Cada grafo plano H es menor de la cuadrícula h × h , donde .

Otros tipos
Un grafo de cuadrícula triangular es un grafo que corresponde a una cuadrícula triangular.

Un grafo de cuadrícula de Hanan para un conjunto finito de puntos en el plano se produce mediante la cuadrícula obtenida por las intersecciones de todas las líneas verticales y horizontales a través de cada punto del conjunto.

El grafo de la torre (el gráfico que representa todos los movimientos legales de una torre en un tablero de ajedrez) también se denomina a veces gráfico de celosía, aunque este grafo es estrictamente diferente al gráfico de celosía descrito en este artículo. Los movimientos válidos de la piezas de ajedrez mágica wazir forman el gráfico de celosía cuadrada.

Véase también

 Teorema de Pick
 Triángulo entero
 Retículo (matemáticas)

Enlaces externos
  ggplot2: una implementación de la gramática de las gráficas en R, por Ernesto Barrios, que incluye una discusión sobre cómo crear gráficos de celosía usando el paquete ggplot2 de R.

Referencias

Diagramas
Grafos planares
Familias de grafos

Gráfico de celosía


Akira Tonomura (jap. , Tonomura Akira; * 25. April 1942 in Nishinomiya, Präfektur Hyōgo, Japan; † 2. Mai 2012) war ein japanischer Physiker und Pionier der Elektronenholographie und bei der Beobachtung des Aharonov-Bohm-Effekts (1986).

Leben
Tonomura studierte Physik an der Universität Tokio und war ab 1965 Wissenschaftler in den Hitachi-Laboratorien. 1999 erhielt er dort den Status eines Hitachi Fellow.

Er hatte eine führende Rolle bei der Entwicklung von Techniken für das Transmissions-Elektronenmikroskop, wo er Methoden entwickelte kohärentere Elektronenstrahlen zu erzeugen und bei Durchstrahlung von Materie mit Elektronen nicht nur die Informationen aus der Intensität (wie bei gewöhnlichen Transmissions-Elektronenmikroskopen), sondern auch aus der Phase zu verwerten (Elektronen-Holographie). Er beobachtete mit diesen Methoden als Erster den Aharonov-Bohm-Effekt und auch die Bewegung magnetischer Wirbellinien in Supraleitern.

1999 wurde er mit der Benjamin-Franklin-Medaille geehrt und wurde Fellow der American Physical Society. Er war Mitglied der Japanischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und auswärtiges Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences (2000). 1982 erhielt er den Nishina-Preis.

Literatur
 Archie Howie: Akira Tonomura (1942–2012). Physicist who pioneered electron holography. In: Nature. Band 486, Nr. 7403, 2012, S. 324, doi:10.1038/486324a
 P. Downey: Profile of Akira Tonomura. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Band 102, Nummer 42, Oktober 2005, S. 14949–14951, , PMID 16217037, .

Schriften
Tonomura Electron Holography, 1989, 2. Auflage, Springer 1999
Tonomura The Quantum World Unveiled by Electron Waves, World Scientific 1998
Tonomura, N. Osakabe, T. Matsuda, T. Kawasaki, J. Endo, S. Yano, H. Yamada Evidence for Aharonov-Bohm-Effect with magnetic field completely shielded from electron wave, Phys. Rev. Lett., Band 56, 1986, S. 792–795

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Physiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Physiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Fellow der American Physical Society
Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences
Japaner
Geboren 1942
Gestorben 2012
Mann
Person mit besonderen kulturellen Verdiensten
Mitglied der Japanischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

Akira Tonomura


First Man er en amerikansk biografisk dramafilm instrueret af Damien Chazelle og skrevet af Josh Singer. Filmen er baseret på bogen First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong skrevet af James R. Hansen, med Ryan Gosling i rollen som Neil Armstrong.

Medvirkende
 Ryan Gosling som Neil Armstrong
 Claire Foy som Janet Armstrong
 Jason Clarke som Ed White
 Kyle Chandler som Deke Slayton
 Corey Stoll som Buzz Aldrin
 Christopher Abbott som David Scott
 Patrick Fugit som Elliott See
 Lukas Haas som Michael Collins
 Shea Whigham som Gus Grissom
 Brian d'Arcy James som Joseph A. Walker
 Pablo Schreiber som Jim Lovell
 Olivia Hamilton som Patricia White

Eksterne henvisninger

Amerikanske film fra 2018
Film baseret på bøger
Dramafilm fra USA
Biografiske film fra USA
Engelsksprogede film

First Man


بلدية طبرنة  (نقحرة: تابيرناس) هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة المرية. جنوب شرق إسبانيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها 3.140 نسمة.

وصلات خارجية
  (بالإسبانية)

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في المرية
بلديات المرية

طبرنة (المرية)


Iuliu Anca (n. 1880, Sub Pădure – d. 17 octombrie 1938, Târgu-Mureș) a fost un deputat în Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, organismul legislativ reprezentativ al "tuturor românilor din Transilvania, Banat și Țara Ungurească", cel care a adoptat hotărârea privind Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, la 1 decembrie 1918.

Biografie
Născut în localitatea Subpădure în anul 1880, județul Mureș, Iuliu Anca a urmat studiile la Școala primară confesională după care se va ocupa cu activități comerciale. Se distinge ca membru activ al Despărțământului Târnăveni al Astrei. După anul 1918, devine membru fondator al societății pe acțiuni Banca comercială și industrială din Valea Târnavelor și a băncii populare Târnăveana din Târnăveni. În cele din urmă își găsește sfârșitul în anul 1938 în Târgu-Mureș.

Activitatea politică
A fost ales ca delegat titular al cercului electoral Bălăușeri la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia de la 1 decembrie 1918.

Decorații
A fost decorat pentru merite economice cu ordinul Coroana României în grad de cavaler.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioan I. Șerban, Dorin Giurgiu, Ionela Mircea, Nicolae Josan, Dicționarul personalităților Unirii. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Muzeul Național al Unirii, Alba Iulia, 2003, ISBN 973-8141-90-7
 Gelu Neamțu, Mircea Vaida-Voevod, 1 decembrie 1918. Mărturii ale participanților, vol. I-II, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2005, ISBN 973-27-1258-9 (vol. I); ISBN 973-27-1264-3 (vol. II)

Lectură suplimentară
 Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Muzeul Național Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, 1998
 Florea Marin, Medicii și Marea Unire, Editura Tipomur, Târgu Mureș, 1993
 Silviu Borș, Alexiu Tatu, Bogdan Andriescu, (coord.), Participanți din localități sibiene la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 Decembrie 1918, Editura Armanis, Sibiu, 2015

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Legături externe
  Membrii de drept ai Marii Adunării Naționale de la Alba-Iulia din 1 Decembrie 1918, lista publicată în "Gazeta Oficială", Sibiu, nr. 1, 1/14 decembrie 1918

Nașteri în 1880
Decese în 1938
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Bancheri români

Iuliu Anca


Alexander Romanovich Belyaev (, ;  – 6 January 1942) was a Soviet Russian writer of science fiction. His works from the 1920s and 1930s made him a highly regarded figure in Russian science fiction, often referred to as "Russia's Jules Verne". Belyaev's best known novel include Professor Dowell's Head, Amphibian Man, Ariel, and The Air Seller.

Biography

Alexander Belyaev was born in Smolensk in the family of an Orthodox priest. His father, after losing two other children (Alexander's sister Nina died at childhood from sarcoma and his brother Vasiliy, a veterinary student, drowned during a boat trip), wanted him to continue the family tradition and enrolled Alexander into Smolensk seminary. Belyaev, on the other hand, didn't feel particularly religious and even became an atheist in seminary. After graduating he didn't take his vows and enrolled into a law school. While he studied law his father died and he had to support his mother and other family by giving lessons and writing for theater.

After graduating from the school in 1906 Belyaev became a practicing lawyer and made himself a good reputation. In that period his finances markedly improved, and he traveled around the world extensively as a vacation after each successful case. During that time he continued to write, albeit on small scale. Literature, however, proved increasingly appealing to him, and in 1914 he left law to concentrate on his literary pursuits. However, at the same time, at the age of 30, Alexander became ill with tuberculosis.

Treatment was unsuccessful; the infection spread to his spine and resulted in paralysis of the legs. Belyaev suffered constant pain and was paralysed for six years. His wife left him, not wanting to care for the paralyzed. In search for the right treatment he moved to Yalta together with his mother and old nanny. During his convalescence, he read the work of Jules Verne, H. G. Wells, and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, and began to write poetry in his hospital bed.

By 1922 he had overcome the disease and tried to find occupation in Yalta. He served a brief stint as a police inspector, tried other odd jobs such as a librarian, but life remained difficult, and in 1923 he moved to Moscow where he started to practice law again, as a consultant for various Soviet organizations. At the same time Belyaev began his serious literary activity as writer of science fiction novels. In 1925 his first novel, Professor Dowell's Head (Голова Профессора Доуэля) was published. From 1931 he lived in Leningrad with his wife and oldest daughter; his youngest daughter died of meningitis in 1930, aged six. In Leningrad he met H. G. Wells, who visited the USSR in 1934.

In the last years of his life Belyaev lived in the Leningrad suburb of Pushkin (formerly Tsarskoye Selo). At the beginning of the German invasion of the Soviet Union during the Second World War he refused to evacuate because he was recovering after an operation that he had undergone a few months earlier.

Death
Belyaev died of starvation in the Soviet town of Pushkin in 1942 while it was occupied by the Nazis. A German officer and four soldiers carried his body from his home and conducted a burial. The general spoke a short eulogy, saying that when he was a boy, he had loved reading the writer's books translated into German; as a gesture of respect, they gave him an Orthodox burial, in the ground. The exact location of his grave is unknown. A memorial stone at the Kazanskoe cemetery in the town of Pushkin is placed on the mass grave where his body is assumed to be buried.

His wife and daughter survived and were registered as Volksdeutsche (Belyaev's wife's mother was of Swedish descent). Near the end of the war they were taken away to Poland by the Nazis. Due to this, after the war, Soviets treated them as collaborators: they were exiled to Barnaul (Western Siberia) and lived there for 11 years.

Posthumous copyright dispute
According to the Soviet copyright law in effect until 1964, Belyaev's works entered the public domain 15 years after his death. In the post-Soviet era, Russia's 1993 copyright law granted copyright protection for 50 years after the author's death. With the adoption of Part IV of the Civil Code of Russia in 2004, copyright protection was extended to 70 years after the author's death, and by an additional 4 years for authors who worked or fought during the Great Patriotic War. And a 2006 law stated that the Civil Code's copyright protections described under articles 1281, 1318, 1327, and 1331 do not apply to works whose 50 year p.m.a. copyright term expired before the 1993 law came into force. All of this contributed to confusion about whether or not Belyaev's works are protected by copyright, and for how long.

In 2008, Terra publishing company acquired exclusive rights to print Belyaev's works from his heirs, and proceeded to sue Astrel and AST-Moskva publishing companies (both part of AST) for violating those exclusive rights. The Moscow arbitration court found in favor of Terra, awarding 7.5 billion rubles in damages and barring Astrel from distributing the "illegally published" works. An appellate court found that the awarded damages were calculated unjustifiably and dismissed them. On further appeal, a federal arbitration court found that Belyaev's works entered the public domain on 1 January 1993, and could not enjoy copyright protection at all. In 2010, a Krasnodar cassation panel agreed that Belyaev's works are in the public domain. Finally, in 2011 the Supreme Court of Arbitration of Russia found that Belyaev's works are protected by copyright until 1 January 2017 due to his activity during the Great Patriotic War, and remanded the case to lower courts for retrial.

Bibliography

Selected works
 Professor Dowell's Head (Голова профессора Доуэля, short story — 1924, novel — 1937), New York, Macmillan, 1980.
 The Ruler of the World (Властелин мира, 1926)
 The Shipwreck Island  (:ru:Остров погибших кораблей, 1926) Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012.
 The Amphibian Man (Человек-амфибия, 1928), Moscow, Raduga Publisher, 1986.
 The Last Man from Atlantis (Последний человек из Атлантиды, 1926)
 Battle in the Ether (Борьба в эфире, 1928; 1st edition named Radiopolis — 1927)
 Eternal Bread (Вечный хлеб, 1928)
 The Man Who Lost His Face (Человек, потерявший лицо, 1929)
 The Air Seller (Продавец воздуха, 1929)
 Jump into the Void (Прыжок в ничто, 1933)
 The Wonderful Eye (Чудесное око, 1935)
 The Air Vessel (Воздушный корабль, 1935)
 KETs Star (Звезда КЭЦ, 1936) (KETs are the initials of Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky)
 The W Lab (Лаборатория Дубльвэ, 1938)
 The Man Who Found His Face (Человек, нашедший своё лицо, 1940)
 Ariel (Ариэль, 1941)
Professor Wagner's Inventions series
 Hoity Toity  (Хойти-Тойти, 1930)

Anthologies edited
A Visitor from Outer Space (2001)

Film adaptations
 Amphibian Man («Человек-амфибия», 1961)
  («Продавец воздуха» 1967)
 Professor Dowell's Testament («Завещание профессора Доуэля», 1987)
 Island of Lost Ships («Остров погибших кораблей», 1987)
 A Satellite of planet Uranus («Спутник планеты Уран», 1990)
  («Ариэль», 1992)
  («Дожди в океане», 1994)
 Amphibian Man: The Sea Devil («Человек-амфибия: Морской Дьявол», 2004)

References

External links

1884 births
1942 deaths
Deaths by starvation
People from Smolensk
Russian science fiction writers
Soviet science fiction writers
Soviet male writers
20th-century Russian male writers
20th-century Russian writers
Russian male novelists
20th-century Russian novelists
Victims of the Siege of Leningrad
Alexander Belyayev

Alexander Belyaev


راعي البقر أو الجشاري أو البقَّار والأنثى البَقَّارة هو شخص يعتني بقطيع واسع من البقر يملكه مربي ماشية. وقد اشتهر رعاة البقر في عهد التخوم الغربية للولايات المتحدة، إذ أن سمعتهم كرجال شجعان يواجهون الأخطار والشدائد قد جعلت منهم أبطالا عند كثير من الأمريكيين. وقد أصبحت الروايات المثيرة عن حياة رعاة البقر وأغانيهم الحزينة ولغتهم المفعمة بالحيوية تشكل جانبا من المأثورات الشعبية الأمريكية، وقد ألفت عنهم أكثر الروايات شعبية وصورت حياتهم في كثير من القصص في الأفلام الطويلة والمسلسلات التلفازية.

حياة راعي البقر
اتسمت حياة راعي البقر بكثير من العمل الشاق فكان عليه أن يرعى الحيوان ويعتني به ويحرره إذا وقع في شرك الأسلاك الشائكة أو وحل في الطين أو الرمال اللينة. وكان عليه أن يعتني بالحيوان المريض أو الجريح أو عند الولادة. وكان رعاة البقر يواجهون مخاطر أخرى كثيرة مثل الكسور أو الجروح من جراء الرفس أو الوقوع عن حصان جامح. وهم دائما يعيشون حياة الوحدة بعيدين عن المدن التي يوجد فيها الأطباء، فيضطرون لمعالجة أنفسهم في معظم الحالات.

انظر أيضا
 نساء في مسابقات رعاة البقر
 جواد الماشية

المصادر

 مجمع اللغة العربية.

تاريخ الغرب الأمريكي
ثقافة راعي البقر
رعاة بقر
فروسية
تراث شعبي أمريكي
مهن
مهن زراعية (حيوانات)

راعي البقر


Strikeforce var et amerikansk MMA- og kickboxingsorganisation baseret i San Jose i Californien, USA. Strikeforce blev grundlagt 1985 og beskæftigede sig i starten kun med kickboxing men introducerede MMA 2006 og afholdte sit første MMA-galla den 10. marts samme år med blandt andet en kamp mellem Frank Shamrock og Cesar Gracie. 17.465 betalende gæster var tilstede til gallaen, hvilket var rekord for et MMA-galaa i Nordamerika. Organisationens kampe blev blandt andet vist på NBC, Showtime og CBS.

I starten af 2011, blev Strikeforce købt af amerikanske Ultimate Fighting Championship ejeren Zuffa LLC, som lukkede organisationen den 12. januar 2013 og bragte de resterende kæmpere ind i UFC. Dette gjorde senere UFC's status til verdens førende MMA-organisation.

Den 15. august 2009 fik Strikeforce sin første kvindelige titelholder, da Cristiane Santos besejrede Gina Carano i organisationens første titelkamp for kvinder.

Prominente deltager
Følgende kæmpere har enten været Strikeforce-mesteer eller hovedkamp på et Strikeforce-event.

Sværvægt
  Andrei Arlovski
  Fedor Emelianenko
  Alistair Overeem
  Brett Rogers
  Fabricio Werdum
  Sergei Kharitonov
  Josh Barnett
  Daniel Cormier

Letsværvægt
  Rafael Cavalcante
  Muhammed Lawal
  Gegard Mousasi
  Renato Sobral

Mellemvægt
  Ronaldo Souza
  Dan Henderson
  Robbie Lawler
  Cung Le
  Matt Lindland
  Frank Shamrock</small>

Weltervægt
  Nick Diaz
  Joe Riggs
  Paul Daley
  Evangelista Santos

Letvægt
  Shinya Aoki
  Gilbert Melendez
  K.J. Noons
  Tatsuya Kawajiri

Kvinder
  Gina Carano
  Kim Couture
  Sarah Kaufman
  Cristiane Santos
  Marloes Coenen

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Officielle hjemmeside

Organisationer fra USA
Mixed martial arts
Etableret i 1985

Strikeforce


ViolaWWW is a discontinued web browser, the first to support scripting and stylesheets for the World Wide Web (WWW). It was first released in 1991/1992 for Unix and acted as the recommended browser at CERN, where the WWW was invented, but eventually lost its position as most frequently used browser to Mosaic.

Viola
Released in 1992, Viola was the invention of Pei-Yuan Wei, a member of the Experimental Computing Facility (XCF) at the University of California, Berkeley. Viola was a UNIX-based programming/scripting language; the acronym stood for "Visually Interactive Object-oriented Language and Application".

Pei's interest in graphically based software began with HyperCard, which he first encountered in 1989. Of that, Pei said, "HyperCard was very compelling back then, you know graphically, this hyperlink thing, it was just not very global and it only worked on Mac... and I didn't even have a Mac". Only having access to X terminals, Pei, in 1990, created the first version of Viola for such terminals: "I got a HyperCard manual and looked at it and just basically took the concepts and implemented them..."

Pei released Viola 0.8 in 1991.

History of ViolaWWW

After graduating, Pei developed Viola further while working with the XCF and startups. Later, he would be funded by O'Reilly Books, the technical publisher, which used the software to help demonstrate its Global Network Navigator site. His major goal was to create a version of Viola for the Internet:

Released in 1992, ViolaWWW was the first browser to add extended functionality such as embedded scriptable objects, stylesheets, and tables. Early versions were received well at CERN. Ed Krol also highlighted the browser in his popular 1992 text, Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog.

As ViolaWWW developed, it began to look more like HyperCard:

ViolaWWW was based on the Viola toolkit, which is a tool for the development and support of visual interactive media applications, with a multimedia web browser being a possible application. Viola ran under the X Window System and could be used to build complex hypermedia applications with features like applets and other interactive content as early as 1992.

Firsts
Viola was the first web browser to have the following features:

 client-side document insertion, predating frames, or syndication via JavaScript output writing, which are used commonly today.

 a simple stylesheet mechanism used for inserting style information such as fonts, color and alignments into a document. This was implemented in Viola well before CSS was developed in 1998:

 a sidebar panel used for displaying "meta" information, intra document navigational links, and other information, similar to (but not as sophisticated as) features found in several modern browsers.
 a scripting language that can be accessed from an HTML document, such that an HTML document can embed highly interactive scripts/applets.  This can be seen as the precursor to JavaScript and embedded objects.

 Forms

Competing against Mosaic
While ViolaWWW opened the door to the World Wide Web, its limitations, including it only being implemented on the X Window System, meant it could not compete with Mosaic, the browser which brought the Web into the mainstream. Among other things, Mosaic was easier to install on the computers most people were using. Originally developed for UNIX, Mosaic was soon ported to Microsoft Windows, a platform on which ViolaWWW never ran.

ViolaWWW in patent lawsuits

In 1999, Eolas Technologies and the University of California filed suit in the US District Court for the Northern District of Illinois against Microsoft, claiming infringement of U.S. patent 5,838,906, (covering browser plugins) by the Internet Explorer web browser. Eolas won the initial case in August 2003 and was awarded damages of $ from Microsoft. The District Court reaffirmed the jury's decision in January 2004.

In March 2005, an appeals court directed that there be a retrial, overturning a decision that Microsoft pay $521 million in damages. The appeals court said that the initial ruling had ignored two key arguments put forward by Microsoft. Microsoft had wanted to show the court that ViolaWWW was prior art, since it was created in 1993 at the University of California, a year before the key patent were filed. Microsoft had also suggested that Michael David Doyle, Eolas' founder and a former University of California researcher, had intentionally concealed his knowledge of ViolaWWW when filing the patent claim. Microsoft subsequently settled with Eolas, in August 2007, without a retrial. Eolas continued to file suits against dozens of other technology companies.

In February 2012 a Texas jury found that two of Eolas' patents were invalid after testimony from several defendants including Tim Berners-Lee and Pei-Yuan Wei, credited as creator of the Viola browser. The testimony professed that the Viola browser included Eolas' claimed inventions before the filing date (September 7, 1993). There is "substantial evidence that Viola was publicly known and used" before the plaintiffs' alleged conception date, it added. The ruling effectively ended a pending lawsuit against 22 companies including Yahoo, Google, and many online retailers.

See also

 History of the World Wide Web
 History of the web browser

References

External links

 Download Viola

POSIX web browsers
1991 software
1992 software
Discontinued web browsers

ViolaWWW


تل نت  هو بروتوكول وتطبيق يستخدم لتسجيل الدخول إلى حاسوب يستعمل عن بعد بروتوكول TCP/IP.
ويسمح التطبيق للمستخدم بإصدار أوامر على الحاسوب البعيد كما لو أن المستخدم مسجل دخوله محليا. ويستعمل التطبيق في الغالب واجهة تداخل نصية لا رسومية، هنالك بعض مواقع الإنترنت التي توفر برامج تلنت مجانية.

: (Telnet(Teletype Network
يعتبر ال (Telnet)بروتوكول من بروتوكولات ال حزمة بروتوكولات الإنترنت للاتصال بأجهزة الكمبيوتر البعيدة، كما أنه تطبيق من تطبيقات حزمة بروتوكولات الإنترنتيتم استخدامه في تشغيل برامج ال (telnet) لكي يتيح إمكانية التحكم عن بعد ويسمح للمستخدم الدخول من حاسوبه الشخصي إلى حاسب آخر وأن يقوم بالعمل كما لو كان متصل مباشرة مع الجهاز البعيد واستخدام مصادره وهذه المصادر ممكن أن تكون(online database,chat services,..).

telnet client and telnet server

إن خدمة ال Telnet Server والـ Telnet Clients تعملان معاًُ لكي تسمح للأجهزة البعيدة المركبة على الشبكة باتصال مع بعضها البعض.

يمكن لمستخدمي خدمة الـ Telnet Clients أن يتصلوا من خلالها مع الحواسب البعيدة التي تشغل الـ Telnet Server, ومن ثم تشغيل التطبيقات على الأجهزة الموجودة على الشبكة أو إنجاز مهام إدارية عليها.إن نوع الجلسة الذي يتم إنشاءه يعتمد على الكيفية التي تعمل بها برامج الـتي تستخدم الـ Telnet. مثل الألعاب وإدارة الأنظمة، وعملية محاكاة الـ Local LogON هي مثال نموذجي على استخدام الـ Telnet.

إن الـ Telnet Clients يستخدم بروتوكول الـ Telnet والذي هو الجزء من البروتوكول الـ TCP/IP المخصص لوصل الكمبيوتر مع الكمبيوترات الأخرى على الشبكة. كما أن برامج الـ Telnet تمكن الكمبيوتر من الاتصال مع الـ Server. وبإمكانك استخدام التلنت المضمن مع Windows XP لكي يتصل مع الكمبيوترات البعيدة ويمكنك من التحكم بها كما لو أنك جالس أمام الكمبيوتر البعيد وتعمل عليه.

إن تطبيق الـ Telnet Clien المضمن مع Windows XP وخاصة الذي يعمل تحت بيئة الـ DOS قد أصبح أكثر وظيفية وقوة من الـ Telnet Client الذي يعمل البيئة الرسومية الرسومية أي تحت نظام WINDOWSكما أنه أصبح أكثر تآلفاً مع خدمة الـ Telnet Client التي تأتي مع نظام الـ (Unix).

كما أن الميزة الأكثر أهمية التي تأتي مع هذه الخدمة في نظام Windows XP هي الـ NTLM وهو حزمة من البروتوكولات الأمنية التي تؤمن المصادقة بين الـ Telnet Client والـ Telnet Server. وبدون استخدام ميزة الـ NTLM يتم إرسال اسم المستخدم وكلمة المرور إلى NetServer بشكل غير مشفر.

تزود خدمة الـ Telnet Server في أنظمة Windows المحطات الـطرفية على أجهزة الـ Telnet Clients.بجلسات مشتركة من خلال محرر الأوامر (Command Prompt Sessions) أي عندما يقوم المستخدم بتسجيل الدخول إلى الـ NetServer وينجح بذلك فإن الـ Net Server يمنح المستخدم سطر أوامر والذي يستخدم تماماُ كما لو أنه يستخدم سطر الأوامر على النظام المحلي. بما معناه أن مستخدم الـ Telnet Client يعمل على بيئة DOS الخاصة بالجهاز المتصل معه. وخدمة الـ Telnet Server تدعم عمل جهازين في آن واحد على خدمة الـ Telnet Clients ليقوما بلاتصال ببعضهما. كما تدعم أربعة أنماط من انماط المحطات الطرفية وهي :
 ANSI
 VT-100
 VNT-52
 VTNT

ال(telnet client) متوفر من أجل كل أنظمة التشغيل الأساسية وموجه أوامر ال(telnet client) موجود في أغلب نسخ (Mac Os x,Unix,Linux,Windows(95and later))
وحتى نستخدم ال(telnet) نذهب إلى موجه الأوامر الخاص بكل تظام تشغيل أي:
 The terminal application Mac Os x
 The shell Linux and Unix

كيف يتم الاتصال
يتم الاتصال باستخدام تطبيق ال(telnet) الموجود على الجهاز المتصل حيث يقوم بالاتصال بتطبيق (telnet) الموجود على الجهاز البعيد (الهدف) وفق مايلي:
أولا يبدأ الاتصال من جهاز الكمبيوتر المحلي المتصل إلى البرتوكول الموجود أيضاًَ على جهاز الكمبيوتر المحلي المتصل ثم ينتقل على شبكة الاتصال إلى البرتوكول (telnet) الموجود على الجهاز البعيد ثم إلى خدمة ال(telnet) الموجودة على الجهاز البعيد.

استعمال ال (telnet) في نظام (windows)
في نظام windows XP :

بعد أن نقوم بالاتصال على شبكة الإنترنت نقوم بالخطوات التالية:

start==>run

واكتب telnet

هنا سوف تظهر لنا نافذة ال(telnet) ومكتوب فيها:

Welcome to Microsoft Telnet Client

Escape Character is 'CTRL

Microsoft Telnet
>

هنا نستطيع أن نعرض كل الأوامر الخاصة بالبروتوكول بأن نكتب (help) فيظهر لنا:

c - close close current connection

d - display display operating parameters

o - open hostname [port] connect to hostname (default port 23

)
q - quit exit telnet

set - set set options (type 'set ?' for a list
)

sen - send send strings to server

st - status print status information

u - unset unset options (type 'unset ?' for a list

?/h - help print help information
Microsoft Telnet
>

كما يظهر لنا أن الأمر (open) هو المسوؤل عن إنشاء الاتصال مع العلم أن (hostname) ممكن أن يكون اسم الحاسب البعيد أو (ip adress) له.وال(port) هو المنفذ والذي يختلف حسب العنوان الوجهة الذي نريد الاتصال عليه فمثلاً :
Eg telnet يعمل على المنفذ 23.
FTP يعمل على المنفذ 21.
Web(http) يعمل على المنفذ 80
القيمة الافتراضية للمنفذ 23

أهم ميزات خدمات ال(telnet)
 يمكنك استخدام الـ Telnet كمتصفح ويب لأي موقع، ولكنه سيعرض لك مصدر الصفحة حصرا أي الـ Source للصفحة، وذلك لأن خدمة الـ Telnet كانت تُستخدم عندما كانت مواقع الإنترنت مجرد نصوص.
 ويمكن استخدام ال Telnet أيضا كـ FTP Client وذلك باستخدام أوامر يتم إدخالها من خلال الـ.Telnet
 ويمكنك من خلال الـ Telnet أيضا تصفح الايميل POP Mail وقراءة رسائلك الواردة وإرسال ما تريد من رسائل، وهذا طبعا إذا كان الايميل من نوع POP Mail وهو اختصار لـ Post Office Protocol.

إرسال (e-mail) باستخدام ال(telnet)
هنا سوف نستخدم ال(telnet) بالاتصال ب (ٍSMTP server)
نحتاج إلى عدد من الخطوات حتى يتم إرسال (e-mail) :

الخطوة الأولى:

أولاًنقوم بالاتصال بال (Internet) ثم نفتح على ال(MS-DOS promot) وندخل الأمر :
C:\WINDOWS>telnet SMTP server 25
هذا سوف يفتح لنا نافذة ال(telnet) وخلال وقت قصير سنكون على اتصال مع(SMTP server) وعندها يرسل لنا ال(server) :
220 PROTAGONISTNT Mailmax version 4. 8. 3. 0 ESMTP Mail Server Ready
الرقم 220 يدل على أن ال(server) أصبح جاهزاً ليقدم خدمة لطلبك.

الخطوة الثانية:

الآن يتوقع ال(server)أن تعرف عن نفسك إذا كنت(dial –up user)فباستطاعتك أن تدخل اسمك أو أي شيء تريده أما إذا كان لديك (domain name) فعليك ادخال ال(domain name) فمثلاً إذا كان الحاسب هو (dell01)فنكتب :
helo dell01
وعندها ال(server)يجيب :
250 HELO 184.108.40.206, How can I help you?

 الخطوة الثالثة :
في هذه الخطوة نخبر ال(server)عنوان بريدنا الإلكتروني
معظم ال(SMTP server)يفرض على عنوان ال(e-mail)إلى نفس ميدان ال(server) على سبيل المثال إذا كان ال(server) هو(yahoo! SMTP server) فان البريد الإلكتروني يجب أن يكون على ال(yahoo)ولن نستطيع استخدام (hotmail adress).

mail from: the e-mail for sender
فسيكون رد ال(server):
250 Ok

الخطوة الرابعة:
نخبر ال(server) بالعنوان الذي نريد الإرسال إليه :
rcpt to: the e-mail for receiver
إذا لم يكن هناك أية مشكلة سيجيب ال(server):
250 Ok

نلاحظ هنا أنه لايوجد قيود على عنوان المرسل فنستطيع الإرسال لأي (e-mail adress)

الخطوة الخامسة:
نقوم بكتابة البريد الإلكتروني بواسطة الأمر :
data

وال(server)يجيب بإمكانية المتابعة :
354 End data with.

الخطوة السادسة:

الآن اكتب بالبريد مثال هذا:
This is a test e-mail.
Remember to type it all right. Backspace key doesn't work in Windows
Telnet, though it does in Linux. If you make a mistake, try pressing
CTRL-h. If it works, well and good.
وعندما ننتهي من كتابة البريد نضغط(enter)ثم ". " ثم (enter) مرة أخرى هذا يخبر ال(server) بأنك انتهيتمن كتابة ال(e-mail) ويستطيع ارساله وسيجيب(server) ب:
250 Ok: queued as 6AB5150038
أي أن بريدك قد تم ارساله.

الخطوة السابعة:

الآن تستطيع إرسال بريد آخر أو أن تقطع الاتصال ب(server).
إذا كنت تريد إرسال بريد آخر عليك تكرار (rcpt to:) و(data) هنا لا حاجة لتكرار (helo)و(mail from) لأن ال(server) يعلم من أنت مسبقاً.
أما إذا أردت قطع الاتصال مع ال(server) فقط أرسل :
quit
سيجيبك ال(server):
221 Bye
وهكذا ينقطع الاتصال مع ال(server).

المراجع

برمجيات متعلقة بالشبكات
برمجيات يونكس
بروتوكولات الإنترنت
بروتوكولات طبقة التطبيق
تاريخ الإنترنت
معايير الإنترنت

تل نت


NGC 7524 je lećasta galaktika u zviježđu Ribama.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 7524
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 7524 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
  NGC 7524 DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 7500 - 7549

7524

NGC 7524


Rabbi Binyamin "Benny" Elon (, 10 November 1954 – 5 May 2017) was an Israeli Orthodox rabbi and politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Moledet and the National Union between 1996 and 2009. A ninth-generation Jerusalemite, Elon lived in Beit El, an Israeli settlement in the West Bank, for over twenty years, and was married to author and journalist Emuna Elon. They had six children. His father, Menachem Elon, was the former Deputy Chief Justice of Israel. His brother, disgraced Rabbi Mordechai Elon, has been a prominent controversial figure in the Religious Zionist Movement.

Biography
Born in Jerusalem, Elon studied at Mercaz HaRav Yeshiva, and Kollel HaIdra in the Golan Heights, before being ordained as a rabbi in 1978. Together with Hanan Porat, he founded the Beit Orot Talmudic College, and Elon became its first dean.

He was first elected to the Knesset in 1996 as a member of the right-wing Moledet Party, advocating "voluntary" transfer of the Palestinian population from the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, an ideology shared by Elon. In 1998, he led a group of religious students in taking over a compound in Sheikh Jarrah, which spurred the government to start subsidizing illegal settlements there. In 1999, he again tried to take over a compound in Sheikh Jarrah. His efforts were unsuccessful and a court ruled in favor of the Abu Jibna family who owned it.

In 1999, the party allied with other right-wing parties to form the National Union party. Following the assassination of Moledet leader Rehavam Ze'evi in 2001, Elon was elected to replace him as party chairman and as Tourism Minister. He consequently served two terms as Minister of Tourism, between 2001 and 2002, and again between 2003 and 2004, both in Ariel Sharon's government. During his second spell in the cabinet, Elon attempted to foil Ariel Sharon's plan to dismiss him from the cabinet for intending to vote against the disengagement plan by going into hiding, claiming if he did not receive his dismissal in person within 48 hours of the cabinet meeting, then he would still be able to vote. Ultimately, his dismissal was deemed legal, and he was not allowed to vote in the meeting. He was re-elected in 2006, but did not run in the 2009 elections due to health issues.

Ideology
Elon was a keen supporter of the continuation of the Israeli settlement enterprise in the West Bank and wanted to rebuild the Gaza settlements. He did not recognize a Palestinian right for self-determination in any part of Eretz Israel ("Land of Israel"), the area which he stated God gave to the Jews according to the Hebrew Bible. As such, he rejected mainstream efforts for establishing peace in the Middle East (see Road map for peace). Instead, he suggested an alternative proposal called The Right Road to Peace, also known as the Elon Peace Plan. The plan would have Israel annex Gaza and the West Bank Jordan a "voluntary" transfer of the Palestinian population to neighboring countries would occur, primarily with Jordan as the destination. Those who refused would become stateless.

Additional work
He was the author of God's Covenant with Israel: Establishing Biblical Boundaries in Today's World (2005).

As Minister of Tourism, Benny Elon reached out to the Christian world when Jewish–Christian relations were still very strained. He served as the Chairman of the Knesset Christian Allies Caucus in the Israeli Parliament, growing its influence and connections. Benny traveled extensively, meeting with Members of Parliament, Pastors, faith leaders, and House Representatives and Senators. In 2006, the Congressional Israel Allies Caucus was established in the U.S. House of Representatives which has been chaired by Vice President Mike Pence, former Rep. Dave Weldon, Rep. Eliot Engel, Rep. Trent Franks, and others. The work of the Congressional Israel Allies Caucus and the Knesset Christian Allies Caucus led to the establishment of 34 additional caucuses in nations worldwide, and in 2007, Rabbi Elon founded the Israel Allies Foundation to resource, educate, and encourage the pro-Israel initiatives of this international parliamentary network.

Elon maintained close contacts with Christians worldwide, including radio personality Janet Parshall, former House Majority Leader Tom DeLay, the Christian Coalition of America, Pat Robertson, Hungarian Pastor Sandor Nemeth, and others.

Death

In February 2006, Elon was diagnosed with throat cancer. He was treated, but it was never cured, and he retired in 2008 due to related health problems. After eleven years, he died from the condition on May 5, 2017.

See also
 Beit Orot

References

External links

The Israel Initiative website
The Israel Allies Foundation (IAF) website, MK Rabbi Binyamin Elon was the IAF's Chairman and founder.

1954 births
2017 deaths
Binyamin
Israeli Orthodox Jews
Israeli settlers
Jewish Israeli politicians
Leaders of political parties in Israel
Members of the 14th Knesset (1996–1999)
Members of the 15th Knesset (1999–2003)
Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006)
Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)
Ministers of Tourism of Israel
Moledet politicians
National Union (Israel) politicians
Politicians from Jerusalem
Clergy from Jerusalem
Religious Zionist Orthodox rabbis
Mercaz HaRav alumni
Deaths from cancer in Israel
Deaths from throat cancer
Moskowitz Prize for Zionism laureates
Burials at Har HaMenuchot

Binyamin Elon


هو العالم المحقق صفوان بن عدنان داوودي , الأصولي الباحث المحقق.

ميلاده ونشأته
صفوان بن عدنان، بن هاشم، بن محمد علي داودي، ولد سنة (1380هـ/ 1960م): عالم مقرئ، وحافظ جامع، وفقيه أصولي، ومحقق متقن، ومصنف مجيد، على مَكِنَة من علوم العربية والحديث.

ولد في حي القنوات بدمشق، وابتدأ طلب العلم صغيرًا في حلقات جامع زيد بن ثابت الأنصاري، وفيه حفظ كتاب الله وجوَّده، مع حفظ الجزرية ودراسة شرحها، وتحصيل الفقه والتفسير والحديث واللغة، واستظهار كثيرٍ من منظومات العلوم.

انتسب إلى كلية الاقتصاد بجامعة دمشق، واضطُرَّ إلى الانقطاع عنها والسفر إلى المدينة المنورة سنة 1401هـ (1980م) وما تزال إقامتُه فيها إلى اليوم.

وقد درس علوم الشريعة الإسلامية في جامعة مراد آباد في الهند، وحصل على شهادتي الماجستير والدكتوراه من الجامعة الأمريكية المفتوحة بواشنطن، الأولى عن بحثه (أصول الفقه قبل عصر التدوين) بإشراف الشيخ د.مصطفى الخن ، ومناقشة الشيخين الفاضلين: محمد المختار الشنقيطي، ود.زهير بن ناصر الناصر. والأخرى عن دراسته (قواعد أصول الفقه وتطبيقاتها) سنة 1424هـ، بإشراف د.الخن أيضًا، ومناقشة: الشيخ الشنقيطي، والشيخ د.محمد أديب الصالح.

وجمع القراءات الصغرى والكبرى على مشايخ الشام في أثناء زياراتهم للمدينة المنورة.
فقرأ على الشيخ محمد طه سكر القراءات العشر من طريقي الشاطبية والدرَّة، وقرأها على الشيخ محمد السيد إسماعيل العربيني من طريق الطيِّبة.
ودرس التجويد وشرح المقدمة الجزرية على الشيخ أبي الحسن محيي الدين الكردي، والشيخ محمد بشير قسومة.

تخرج بعدد كبير من الشيوخ في الشام والمدينة والهند، من أهمهم:
نايف العباس، وعبد القادر بركة، وعبد الرحمن النعسان، ومحمود الرنكوسي، ومحمد محمود بن زيدان الشنقيطي مفتي الشناقطة في المدينة، وأحمدُّ (بضم الدال المشددة) بن محمد حامد الشنقيطي.

وقرأ كتب الحديث والسنَّة على عدد من العلماء المحدِّثين، منهم:
محمد عبد الله بن آدُّو الشنقيطي، قرأ عليه الكتب الستة وأجازه بها. ومحمد عاشق إلهي البرني، قرأ عليه الموطأ.

وارتحل إلى الهند وقرأ على علمائها في كلٍّ من مراد آباد، وديوبند، وسهارنفور، منهم:
عبد الحق الأعظمي، شيخ الحديث بجامعة دار العلوم ديوبند، قرأ عليه صحيح البخاري. ومحمد يونس جونفوري، شيخ الحديث بجامعة مظاهر العلوم في سهارنفور، قرأ عليه صحيح مسلم وغيره. ومحمد صدِّيق، شيخ الحديث في جامعة خير المدارس بملتان، قرأ عليه صحيح البخاري وسنن النسائي وأبي داود وابن ماجه وغيرها. وعبد المجيد الملتاني، شيخ الحديث بجامعة باب العلوم بملتان، قرأ عليه الشمائل المحمدية للترمذي وقسمًا من سنن الترمذي.

بلغ نتاجه العلميُّ زهاء عشرين كتابًا بين تأليف وتحقيق،
منها:
 (اللباب في أصول الفقه)،
 ( قواعدأصول الفقه وتطبيقاتها) رسالة دكتوراه مطبوعة في مجلدين،
 (أصول الفقه قبل عصر التدوين)،
 (حواشي على صحيح الإمام مسلم) لم تطبع،
 (معجم الشيوخ) يشتمل على تراجم كبار العلماء في القرن الخامس عشر الهجري،
 (مفتاح الأصول) في علم أصول الفقه،
 (ضبط وتعليق بناء الأفعال في الصرف) للديكقوزي،
 (ضبط وتعليق على تصريف العزي الزنجاني)،
 (منظومة الجوهرة في رواية حفص عن عاصم من طريق طيِّبة النشر)،
 (شرح منظومة الجوهرة)،
 (أصول رواية شعبة)،
 (قواعد التجويد)،
 (أبيُّ بن كعب )،
 (زيد بن ثابت ) والكتابان الأخيران مطبوعان ضمن سلسلة أعلام المسلمين لدار القلم.

وحقق:
 (مفردات ألفاظ القرآن الكريم) للراغب الأصفهاني،
 (المدخل لعلم تفسير كتاب الله) للحدادي،
 (وضح البرهان في مشكلات القرآن) لبيان الحق الغزنوي،
 (الغريب المصنَّف) لأبي عبيد القاسم بن سلام،
 (غرر التبيان في مبهمات القرآن) لابن جماعة الكناني،
 (تحقيق تيسير البلاغة) للشيخ أحمد القلاش،
 شارك في تحقيق (المغانم المطابة في معالم طابة) للفيروزآبادي، في أربعة مجلدات،
 (التحفة اللطيفة في تاريخ المدينة الشريفة) للسخاوي، في خمسة مجلدات.

وهو منقطع للتدريس والإقراء في الحرم المدني الشريف،
وتخرج به عدد من المشايخ في القرآن والقراءات والفقه والأصول والحديث واللغة، نفع الله به، وبارك فيه، وجزاه خيرًا.

مراجع

باحثون سوريون

صفوان بن عدنان الداودي


Marina Rebeka Toribiong (née le ) est une céiste de course en ligne palaoise.

Carrière
Elle commence à pratiquer avec une pirogue à balancier puis le canoë à . En 2015, elle est nominée par l'association nationale de canoë pour la Coupe du monde junior au Portugal. Comme il n'y a pas un seul kayak à Palau, elle est en préparation avec sa tante en Californie. Pendant deux mois, elle s'entraîne deux fois par jour à San Diego, à . Elle s'entraîne toute seule dans la baie Nikko.

Un an plus tard, elle réussit à obtenir une place de quota pour les Jeux olympiques d'été de Rio de Janeiro. Elle est la première céiste palaoise à participer aux Jeux olympiques.

Elle participe à l'épreuve féminine du K- aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2016 à Rio de Janeiro, où elle se classe  dans l'épreuve préliminaire et  en demi-finale. Elle ne se pas qualifie pour la finale. Elle améliore cependant son record personnel à 48 s 306.

Toribiong participe également à l'épreuve du K- où elle termine à la  place de l'épreuve préliminaire. Elle n'est pas qualifiée pour les demi-finales. Elle améliore cependant son record personnel à 2 min 14 s 807.

Elle prend part ensuite en  à la Coupe Micronésienne qu'elle remporte.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Céiste de course en ligne
Sportive palaosienne
Naissance en juin 1994

Marina Toribiong


Eine AdWords-Agentur (seit 2018: Ads-Agentur) verwaltet Werbebudgets und betreut Werbekampagnen für Google Ads (vormals AdWords) im Kundenauftrag.

Überblick
Durch Google Ads (bis 2018: Google AdWords) können Werbetreibende seit Ende des Jahres 2000 mit kleinen Text- und Bildanzeigen zielgruppengenaue Werbung im Internet schalten. Beim Ads-System handelt es sich um ein stark automatisiertes Planungs-, Buchungs- und Werbevermarktungs-System. Seit 2003 haben die ersten Mediaagenturen begonnen, sich auf das Ads-System zu spezialisieren. Der Begriff "AdWords-Agentur" entstand, als Google im Jahr 2005 mit der Zertifizierung von Mediaagenturen als "Google AdWords Professionals" begann. Seit der Umbenennung von Google AdWords in Google Ads bezeichnen sich viele ehemalige AdWords-Agenturen nun als Ads-Agenturen.

Geschichte
2003 gab es im deutschen Werbemarkt nur wenig Know-how im Bereich Suchmaschinenmarketing. Einige Unternehmen begannen in dieser Zeit, sich auf das neue, von Google angebotene Marketingmodell zu spezialisieren, und erzielten durch die geschickte Verzahnung von Klick-Arbitrage und Affiliate-Marketing erhebliche Gewinne. Google unterband ab 2005 die bis dahin gegebene Möglichkeit, Ads für Affiliate-Marketing einzusetzen. Gleichzeitig startete Google ein Zertifizierungsprogramm für Mediaagenturen. Ziel war, die Agenturen als Ads-Vermarktungspartner stärker an Google zu binden.

Bis Ende 2008 erhielten zertifizierte Agenturen Provisionen und Kick-backs von Google, die sich an der Höhe der Ads-Werbeausgaben der Agenturkunden orientierten. Auf diese Weise konnte eine Ads-Agentur bis zu 7,5 % der Werbebudgets ihrer Kunden als Provision von Google erhalten. Ab Anfang 2009 begannen viele Ads-Agenturen, entweder über Umsatz- oder über Gewinnbeteiligung ein erfolgsbasiertes Ads-Marketing anzubieten.

2010 beendete Google das seit 2005 durchgeführte Agentur-Zertifizierungsprogramm "Google AdWords Professionals". Das im Mai 2010 neu eingerichtete Zertifizierungsprogramm "Google AdWords Certification" beinhaltet umfassendere und strategisch ausgerichtete Weiterbildungs- und Zertifizierungsmöglichkeiten für Agenturen, und vor allem einen größeren praktisch ausgelegten Testteil.

2013 wurde das Google Zertifizierungsprogramm durch ein neues System für Agenturen und Experten im Bereich Online-Marketing ersetzt: Google Partner.

2018 wurde das bisher als Google AdWords bezeichnete Werbemittel in Google Ads umbenannt. Dies hatte auch Einfluss auf AdWords-Agenturen, die sich seitdem vermehrt als Ads-Agenturen bezeichnen.

Werbemöglichkeiten mit Google Ads
Im Jahr 2000 startete der Internetkonzern Google sein Produkt AdWords (heute: Ads) zunächst als Testversion mit 500 ausgewählten Websitebetreibern und lediglich in englischer Sprache. 2004 war Google Ads auch in Deutsch, Spanisch, Französisch und Chinesisch verfügbar. In den darauffolgenden Jahren wurden Nutzungsmodalitäten geändert. Bedeutsame Schritte waren unter anderem 2003 die Einführung der API Nutzungsgebühren, 2012 die Integration der Videoplattform YouTube in das Werbenetzwerk und 2013 die Einführung der Product Listing Ads.

Google selbst unterscheidet zwischen Suchnetzwerk (u. a. Google-Suche und Google Maps) und Displaynetzwerk (YouTube oder Gmail). In den Werbenetzen sind die Abrechnungsmodelle CPC (Cost-per-Click) und CPA (Cost-per-Acquisition) verfügbar. Zusätzlich wird im Displaynetzwerk mit dem CPM-Modell abgerechnet (Cost-per-1000-Impressions).

Mobile, Tablet und Desktop
Im Ads Konto ist die Kampagnenausrichtung auf unterschiedliche Gerätetypen ein Bereich, der im Extra-Tab "Geräte" bearbeitet werden kann. Eine Kampagne kann dabei auf Desktop, Tablets und Mobilgeräte ausgerichtet sein. Ads User haben die Möglichkeit, das Gebot von -90 % bis +900 % festzulegen (-100 % bedeutet, dass die Anzeige auf dem jeweiligen Gerätetyp nicht ausgespielt wird). Die gerätespezifischen Gebotsanpassungen können für die Google-Suche, das Displaynetzwerk, Google Shopping und YouTube auf sowohl Kampagnen- als auch Anzeigengruppenebene angewandt werden.

Google-Suche und Partner im Suchnetzwerk
Eine Ads Suchkampagne wird bei Freischaltung automatisch in den Suchergebnissen von Google und auf Partnerseiten angezeigt. Partner im Google Suchnetzwerk können eigene Dienste wie Google Maps oder Google Bilder aber auch andere Websites sein. Die Suche in Partner-Suchnetzwerken basiert ebenfalls auf den vordefinierten Keywords, sodass die Textanzeige dementsprechend nur bei relevanten Anfragen ausgespielt wird.

Websitebetreiber können – falls eine deutlich schlechtere Performance in den Partnerseiten festgestellt wurde – in den Kampagneneinstellungen im Ads Konto die Werbenetzwerke anpassen und ggf. den Haken bei "Suchnetzwerk-Partner einbeziehen" entfernen. Stellt der Websitebetreiber allerdings fest, dass die Performance in der Google-Suche schlechter als in den Partnerseiten ist, kann er die Google-Suche selbst nicht ausschließen. Hier muss über den CPC optimiert werden.

Google Displaynetzwerk (GDN)
Das Displaynetzwerk ist eines von vielen Google Netzwerken, das am AdSense Programm teilnimmt und Werbeflächen bietet, die über Ads versteigert werden. Mit Werbeanzeigen im Displaynetzwerk können Unternehmen beim User ein Bewusstsein schaffen (awareness), die Reichweite erhöhen (reach) und aktive Markenbildung betreiben (branding).

Im Gegensatz zum Suchnetzwerk bietet das Google Displaynetzwerk neben der herkömmlichen Textanzeige mehr Anzeigenformate wie Rich Media-, Image-, Flash-Anzeigen und Videos. Außerdem können Websitebetreiber die Größe für die Formate auswählen. Die genauen Richtlinien für die Anzeigen können im Ads-Richtlinien-Center nachgeschaut werden.

Die Preisgestaltung im Display Werbenetzwerk unterteilt sich in zwei unterschiedliche Abrechnungsmodelle. Zum einen das CPC-Modell, bei dem ein maximaler Klickpreis festgelegt und nur bei einem tatsächlichen Klick auf die Anzeige gezahlt wird. Zum anderen das CPM-Modell, bei dem ein maximales Werbebudget festgelegt wird und nur die Impressionen gezählt werden. Die Klicks spielen bei diesem Modell keine Rolle.

Zusätzlich können Websitebetreiber im Google Displaynetzwerk individuelle Ausrichtungsoptionen festlegen:

 Placement Targeting: Hier werden direkt einzelne Placements ausgewählt, auf denen die Displayanzeige geschaltet werden soll. Zur Hilfestellung können Nutzer den DoubleClick AdPlanner oder das Placement-Tool im Ads Konto nutzen.
 Kontextuelles Targeting: Bei dieser Option wird nochmals zwischen dem keywordbezogenen und themenbezogenen Targeting unterschieden. Letztlich gibt der Betreiber Google nur ein spezifisches Thema für die Anzeigenschaltung vor.
 Interessenbezogenes Targeting: Über Interessenkategorien und Retargeting können Webseitenbetreiber basierend auf dem bisherigen Surfverhalten des Users gezielte Botschaften ausspielen.

Google Shopping
Mit Google Shopping Kampagnen können Online-Händler ihre Produkte bewerben. Um eine Kampagne starten zu können, werden sowohl ein Ads Konto als auch ein Merchant Center Konto vorausgesetzt.

Im Merchant Center Konto können alle produktspezifischen Informationen wie Preis, Verfügbarkeit, Produktbeschreibung etc. über einen Datenfeed gesteuert werden. Dieser Datenfeed muss vorher erstellt und an die individuellen Bedürfnisse angepasst werden. Dazu stellt Google unterschiedliche Eingabemethoden zur Verfügung, wie zum Beispiel den geplanten Abruf oder Google Tabellen.

Google selbst empfiehlt für Shops mit größerem Sortiment den geplanten Abruf von Produktdaten zu nutzen, da wichtige Informationen schnell automatisch angepasst werden. Google Tabellen, die jederzeit über Google Drive oder über das Merchant Center direkt bearbeitet werden können, empfehlen sich für Shops mit kleinem Sortiment. Für die Freischaltung der Google Shopping Kampagne sind unter anderem folgende Attribute im Datenfeed hinzuzufügen:

 Artikel-ID (einmalig)
 Title (Produktbezeichnung)
 Beschreibung (max. 5.500 Zeichen)
 Produkt URL
 Zustand (neu, erneuert, gebraucht)
 Preis
 Verfügbarkeit (vorbestellt, auf Lager, nicht auf Lager)
 Bildlink
 GTIN (13-stellige Zahl unter dem Strichcode)
 MPN (keine Pflichtangabe)
 Marke
 Google Produktkategorie
 Produkttyp (optionale Eingabe)

Im Ads Konto können sowohl die Ausrichtung der Shopping Kampagnen festgelegt werden und als auch grundlegende Einstellungen vorgenommen werden. Bevor das Merchant Center und das Ads Konto miteinander verknüpft werden können, müssen vorab die Abrechnungseinstellungen angepasst werden. Anschließend kann der Nutzer einen Kampagnennamen und das Absatzland auswählen. Google wählt bei der Gebotsstrategie standardmäßig die automatische Gebotsstrategie. Der Nutzer kann jedoch immer ein individuelles CPC-Gebot einstellen, um das Tagesbudget zu kontrollieren.

YouTube
Über Ads für Video können YouTube-Videos beworben werden. Voraussetzung dafür ist, dass das Video "nicht gelistet" ist und der Account mit dem Ads-Konto verknüpft ist. "Private" Videos können nicht über Ads ausgespielt werden. Websitebetreiber können grenzenlose YouTube-Accounts mit dem Ads-Account verknüpfen. Außerdem stellt Ads hierbei Leistungsstatistiken zur Verfügung.

Unterschiedliche Werbeanzeigenformate:

 TrueView In-Stream Anzeigen laufen am Anfang, am Ende oder in der Mitte eines YouTube-Videos. Sie starten automatisch und können in YouTube-Videos, auf Video-Publisher-Websites im Displaynetzwerk, in Apps und in Spielen geschaltet werden. Ein Werbetreibender muss erst dann für die Videoanzeige bezahlen, wenn ein Nutzer das Video mindestens 30 Sekunden angesehen hat. Das Abrechnungsmodell ist CPV (Cost per View).
 Video Discovery (früher: In-Display) Anzeigen werden entweder über den YouTube Suchergebnissen, neben einem themenverwandten Video, als Overlay oder auf Partnerseiten geschaltet. Die Anzeige selbst besteht aus einem Text (inkl. Überschrift & Beschreibung) und einem kleinen Bild. Video Discovery Anzeigen können lediglich auf den eigenen YouTube-Kanal oder die Wiedergabeliste verlinken, aber nicht auf die eigene Homepage.
 Mit einer YouTube-GDN-Kampagne haben Webseitenbetreiber die Möglichkeit, Banner auf YouTube zu schalten, um User auf die eigene Website zu leiten oder das Video zusätzlich zu bewerben. Das Werbebanner muss das Format 300 × 250 einhalten und die Placement-Ausrichtung muss auf "youtube.com" eingestellt sein.
 Bumper-Anzeigen sind kurze Videos und werden vor, während oder nach anderen Videos auf YouTube, auf Partnerwebsites oder in Apps im Displaynetzwerk geschaltet. Der User hat keine Möglichkeit, das Video zu überspringen. Abgerechnet wird nach dem CPM-Modell (Cost-per-1000-Impressions).
 Masthead-Anzeigen befinden sich am oberen Bereich der Startseite von YouTube und werden auf Desktop, Mobile und Tablet 24 Stunden ausgespielt. YouTube Mastheads können aus Rich-Media-Elementen, einem Video oder Live-Streaming-Bestandteilen bestehen und stellen die teuerste Werbeformatvariante mit einem fixen Tagesbudget auf YouTube dar.

Google MyBusiness
Auch in Google MyBusiness werden seit Mai 2019 Google Ads geschaltet.

App-Kampagnen
Seit Oktober 2017 gibt es in der App-Promotion via Google Ads nur noch den Kampagnentyp "Universal App Kampagne" (UAC). Vor dieser Umstellung gab es im Ads-Konto die Möglichkeit, eine App über reguläre Such- und Displaykampagnen zu bewerben. Der Unterschied zwischen diesen beiden Möglichkeiten ist, dass UAC ausschließlich mit Ziel-CPA Einstellungen laufen können. Vorher konnte auch über das CPC-Modell geboten werden. Die Kampagnenausrichtung, Anzeigenrotation und Gebotseinstellung werden von Google automatisiert organisiert. Grundeinstellungen wie Sprache oder Region sind nach wie vor vom Nutzer selbst festzulegen. Unter dem Menüpunkt "Kampagnen" in Google Ads können universelle App-Kampagnen erstellt werden.

Google-Partner
Seit Oktober 2013 können Unternehmen und Einzelpersonen am Google-Partner-Programm teilnehmen und sich als "Google Partner" zertifizieren lassen. Ein zertifizierter Google-Partner ist ein Ads-Experte.

Anforderungen
Der Google-Partner-Status ist ein anerkannter Nachweis für das erlangte Know-how in der Erstellung, Leitung, Optimierung und Analyse von Google-Ads-Kampagnen. Dafür sind diverse Anforderungen nachzuweisen:

Einzelpersonen:

 Bestandene Ads-Grundlagenprüfung plus mindestens eine Prüfung für Fortgeschrittene.
 Zustimmung der Nutzungsbedingungen.

Unternehmen:

 Kampagnenverwaltung im Wert von mind. 10.000 $ innerhalb 90 Tage.
 Mindestens ein Mitarbeiter kann eine individuelle Ads-Qualifikation nachweisen.
 Zustimmung der Nutzungsbedingungen.
 Erstellung eines Partner-Unternehmensprofils.
 Ein stabiler Ads-Gesamtumsatz kann nachgewiesen werden.
 Nachweis eines wachsenden Kundenstamms.

Ads Experte
Im Rahmen der Game-On-Challenge für zertifizierte Partner-Agenturen fand seitens Google 2016 und 2017 ein temporäres Sonderevent statt. Dabei sollten Anwärter es schaffen, innerhalb des ersten Jahresquartals alle sechs Ads-Prüfungen abzulegen.

Ads-Prüfungen:

 Ads-Grundlagen: Fragen zu den allgemeinen Grundlagen der Werbenetzwerke von Google, zur Kampagnenverwaltung in Ads, Auswertung sowie Optimierung von Ads Kampagnen.
 Suchmaschinenwerbung: Fragen zu grundlegenden und erweiterten Konzepten zur Erstellung, Verwaltung, Analyse und Optimierung von Suchnetzwerk Kampagnen.
 Displaynetzwerkwerbung: Fragen zu erweiterten Konzepten zur Erstellung, Verwaltung, Analyse und Optimierung von Kampagnen im Displaynetzwerk.
 Mobile Werbung: Fragen zu grundlegenden und erweiterten Konzepten in der mobilen Werbung, u. a. Gebotseinstellung, Anzeigenformate, Ausrichtung/Analyse/Optimierung von Mobile Ads Kampagnen.
 Videowerbung: Fragen zu grundlegenden und erweiterten Konzepten zur Erstellung, Verwaltung, Analyse und Optimierung von Kampagnen auf YouTube.
 Google Shopping: Fragen zu grundlegenden und erweiterten Konzepten zur Erstellung von Merchant Center-Konten, Produktdatenfeeds und Shopping Kampagnen.

Insgesamt mussten die Prüflinge 505 Fragen innerhalb von 10,5 Stunden beantworten. Für die Prüfung konnten sich angehende Ads Experten mit den Arbeitsmaterialien im Google Portal vertraut machen. Die Zertifizierung selbst fand entweder im Rahmen eines drei-tägigen Ads-Experten-Zertifizierungs-Bootcamps oder im Google Partner Portal online zu Hause statt. Nach dem erfolgreichen Bestehen erhielten die Prüflinge ein gerahmtes personalisiertes Zertifikat mit dem Titel "Ads Experte".

Tätigkeiten einer AdWords-Agentur
Eine Ads-Agentur bietet Dienstleistungen im Bereich Erstellung, Betreuung und Optimierung von Google Ads Kampagnen an.

Kontoeinrichtung
Bevor eine Ads Kampagne gestartet werden kann, wird ein Ads-Konto benötigt. Hierfür sind eine E-Mail-Adresse und idealerweise eine Website vonnöten. Unternehmen ohne Website können mit Ads Express werben.

Kontobetreuung
In den Rahmen der Kontobetreuung durch eine Ads-Agentur fallen folgende Aufgabenfelder:

 Keywordrecherche: Welche Keywords sind hinsichtlich Suchvolumen, Wettbewerb und Konversion relevant?
 Match Types: Ads bietet Nutzern unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten – sog. Match Types – um Suchbegriffe einzubuchen. Eine Ads-Agentur bucht die verschiedenen Keyword Optionen (Broad Match, Modified Broad Match, Phrase Match, Exact Match und Negative Match) ein und definiert themenbezogene Keywords.
 Erstellung neuer Kampagnen, Anzeigengruppen, Anzeigen: Darunter fällt auch die regelmäßige Anpassung von Anzeigenerweiterungen. Das sind Zusatzinformationen wie Sitelinks, Standort und Rezensionen.
 Strukturierung der Kampagnen: Eine Ads-Agentur setzt die Anzeigengruppenstruktur auf.
 Budgetsteuerung: Welche Keywords und Anzeigengruppen laufen performant?
 Überprüfung der Website-Qualität: Neben der Betreuung des Ads-Kontos erstellt und optimiert eine Ads-Agentur themenbezogene Landingpages.
 Formulierung von Anzeigentexten: Eine Ads-Agentur erstellt Anzeigentexte mit Keywords und Call to Action Elementen
 Erstellung von Display-Kampagnen: Dazu gehört die Einrichtung des Frequency Cappings und die Wahl einer Schaltungsmethode.
 Auswertung der Attributionsmodelle
 Bewertung der Anzeigen-Performance bezüglich CTR
 Verbesserung der CTR durch optimierte Anzeigentexte
 Überprüfung, Verwaltung und Optimierung des Google Shopping Feeds
 Erstellung und Besprechung von Reportings

Als Honorar gibt es verschiedene Modelle wie ein monatliches Fixum, einen anteiligen Betrag der Werbeausgaben, eine Umsatzbeteiligung, eine Gewinnbeteiligung oder Kombinationen der verschiedenen Modelle.

Literatur
 Anne Marx: Media für Manager: Alles, was Sie über Medien und Media-Agenturen wissen müssen , Gabler Verlag 2008
 Ralf Nöcker, Heiko Burrack: Vom Pitch zum Award: Wie Werbung gemacht wird. Insights in eine ungewöhnliche Branche, FAZ Buch 2008
 Susanne Rupp: Google Marketing: Werben mit AdWords, Analytics, AdSense & Co, Markt und Technik Verlag 2010

Einzelnachweise

Suchmaschinenmarketing
Werbedienstleister

AdWords-Agentur


Tosun Paşa, 1939 yapımı siyah-beyaz bir Türk filmidir. Tosun adlı gayri meşru bir çocuğun çevresinde geçen olayların öyküsünü anlatır.

1939 çıkışlı Türk filmleri
1930'larda Türkçe filmler
Tiyatro oyunlarından uyarlanan Türk filmleri
Türk siyah-beyaz filmleri

Tosun Paşa (film, 1939)


මෙය, ජනවාරි 1 දින සඳුදා දිනයකින් ඇරඹෙන ඕනෑම  සාමාන්‍ය අවුරුද්දක්  (ඩොමිනිකල් අකුර G) සඳහා,  දින දසුන වෙයි. නිදසුන්: ග්‍රෙගෝරියානු වසර 1990, 2001, 2007 සහ 2018
හෝ ජූලියානු වසර 1918 (පහළ වගු බලන්න).

සාමාන්‍ය අවුරුද්දක් දින 365 ක් සහිත වසරක් වෙයි; අනෙක් අතට, එය අධික අවුරුද්දක් නොවේ.

ආශ්‍රිත

ග්‍රෙගරි දින දසුන
ජූලියානු දින දසුන

සඳුදා දිනයකින් ඇරඹෙන සාමාන්‍ය අවුරුද්ද