Wiktor Petrowitsch Makejew (; * 25. Oktober 1924; † 25. Oktober 1985 in Moskau) war ein sowjetischer Raketenkonstrukteur.

1968 wurde er korrespondierendes und 1976 Vollmitglied der Akademie der Wissenschaften der UdSSR. 1973 wurde er mit der Koroljow-Medaille der Akademie ausgezeichnet. Von 1966 bis 1985 war er Abgeordneter des Obersten Sowjet. Er war Mitglied des Zentralkomitees der KPdSU. Das Staatliche Raketenzentrum Makejew in der russischen Stadt Miass ist nach ihm benannt.

Weblinks

 Макеев, Виктор Петрович Biografie beim Staatlichen Raketenzentrum (russisch)

Einzelnachweise

Raumfahrtingenieur
Hochschullehrer (MIPT)
Abgeordneter (Oberster Sowjet der UdSSR)
Mitglied des Zentralkomitees der KPdSU
Träger des Leninordens
Träger des Leninpreises
Held der sozialistischen Arbeit
Mitglied der Russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Sowjetbürger
Geboren 1924
Gestorben 1985
Mann

Wiktor Petrowitsch Makejew


Suzanna Catharina (Suze) Boschma-Berkhout (født 31. maj 1922 i Indramayu på Java, død 2. juli 1997 i Alphen aan den Rijn i Nederlandene) var en nederlandsk skulptør.

Liv og arbejde

Boschma Suze Berkhout blev født på det vestlige Java i Indonesien som datter af Frans Marie Christoffel Berkhout og Clara Maria Francisca van Loon. Hendes far var generalsekretær for Offentlige Arbejder og genopbygning i Hollandsk Ostindien og professor ved det tekniske universitet i Delft. Boschma Berkhout blev oprindeligt uddannet som sygeplejerske, men tog efter 2. verdenskrig en uddannelse på Institut for Brugskunst i Amsterdam.

Hun var kendt for sin mange skulpturer, der er blevet opstillet i Holland på talrige steder og som henviser til historiske eller litterære personer. Særlig kendt er statuen af Bartje i Assen, som hun skabte i 1954 i kalksten. Statuen blev ødelagt flere gange og blev i 1982 erstattet af en bronzeversion udført af billedhuggeren.

Hun giftede sig i 1954 med Cornelis Boschma og blev mor til fem børn. I 1963 bosatte de sig i Leeuwarden.

Værker
 1954 Bartje, Assen
 1955 Lammechien, het zusje van Bartje, Ruinen
 1965 Ot en Sien, Roden
 1970 Afke's tiental, Warga
 1971 It feintsje fan Menaam, Menaldum
 1973 Anton Wachter, Harlingen
 1976 Mata Hari, Leeuwarden
 1980 vissende kinderen, Sneek
 1982 Herman Gorter, Balk
 1986 Jan Hepkes Wouda, Surhuisterveen
 1991 De Melker, Langedijke
 1983 De Fries of Voetbalspelertje, Leeuwarden
 1989 Rembrandt en Saskia, Sint Annaparochie

Galleri

Kunstnere fra Nederlandene

Suze Boschma-Berkhout


8. etape af Giro d'Italia 2019 gik fra Tortoreto til Pesaro 18. maj 2019.

Caleb Ewan vandt etapen.

Resultater

Etaperesultat

Klassementerne efter etapen

Samlede stilling

Pointkonkurrencen

Bjergkonkurrencen

Ungdomskonkurrencen

Holdkonkurrencen

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

08

8. etape af Giro d'Italia 2019


Glazba u 1964. godini.

Svijet

Izdanja
Objavljeni studijski, koncertni i kompilacijski albumi, singlovi, maksi singlovi, EP-ovi.
Za poznate glazbenike koje su tad objavili djelo, ali nisu ga objavili nosaču zvuka kod izdavačke kuće, nego u vlastitom izdanju, to ulazi ovdje. Isto vrijedi i za one glazbenike koji (ni)su djelovali u doba kad nije bilo nosača zvuka, nego su djelo objavili u pisanom obliku.

Koncertne turneje
Održane koncertne turneje.

Istaknuti koncerti
Povijesno važni koncerti, prvi povijesni koncert nekog glazbenog subjekta ili posljednji (oproštajni) koncert nekog glazbenog subjekta.

Europska natjecanja
Europska glazbena natjecanja.

 Pjesma Eurovizije:

Osnivanja
Osnivanja poznatih izdavačkih kuća, sastava, prvi glazbeni angažman, glazbenih emisija na radiju, televiziji, glazbenih časopisa ili portala, pokretanje glazbene manifestacije, izgradnja poznate koncertne dvorane ili otvaranje poznatog glazbenog kluba, pojava (nastanak ili dolakak) glazbenog pravca i sl.
Lynyrd Skynyrd

Gašenja i raspuštanja
Gašenja ili preuzimanja poznatih izdavačkih kuća, sastava, glazbenih emisija na radiju, televiziji, glazbenih časopisa ili portala, glazbene manifestacije, raspuštanja glazbenih subjekata i sl.

Rođenja
Rođenja poznatih glazbenika i osoba u svezi s glazbom.
 10. ožujka – Neneh Cherry
 16. ožujka – Patty Griffin
 30. ožujka – Tracy Chapman
 7. travnja – Russell Crowe
 26. svibnja – Lenny Kravitz
 20. srpnja – Chris Cornell
 7. listopada – Sam Brown
 23. listopada – Robert Trujillo
 16. studenoga –  Diana Krall
 25. studenoga – Mark Lanegan

Smrti
Smrti poznatih glazbenika i osoba u svezi s glazbom.

Ostalo
Uvođenje novih nosača zvuka, medijskog servisa i distribucijskog kanala i sl.

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Kandidiranje za europska i svjetska natjecanja
Hrvatski kandidat za Pjesmu Eurovizije na Jugoviziji.

Festivali

Nagrade

Izdanja
Objavljeni studijski, koncertni i kompilacijski albumi, singlovi, maksi singlovi, EP-ovi.
Za poznate glazbenike koje su tad objavili djelo, ali nisu ga objavili nosaču zvuka kod izdavačke kuće, nego u vlastitom izdanju, to ulazi ovdje. Isto vrijedi i za one glazbenike koji (ni)su djelovali u doba kad nije bilo nosača zvuka, nego su djelo objavili u pisanom obliku.

Osnivanja
Osnivanja poznatih izdavačkih kuća, udruga, sastava, prvi glazbeni angažman, glazbenih emisija na radiju, televiziji, glazbenih časopisa ili portala, pokretanje glazbene manifestacije, izgradnja poznate koncertne dvorane ili otvaranje poznatog glazbenog kluba, pojava (nastanak ili dolakak) glazbenog pravca i sl.

Gašenja i raspuštanja
Gašenja ili preuzimanja poznatih izdavačkih kuća, sastava, glazbenih emisija na radiju, televiziji, glazbenih časopisa ili portala, glazbene manifestacije, raspuštanja glazbenih subjekata i sl.

Rođenja
Rođenja poznatih glazbenika i osoba u svezi s glazbom.

Smrti
Smrti poznatih glazbenika i osoba u svezi s glazbom.

Ostalo
Uvođenje novih nosača zvuka, medijskog servisa i distribucijskog kanala i sl.

Izvori

1964.
Godine 20. stoljeća

Glazba u 1964.


Frauenaurach ist eine Gemarkung der kreisfreien Stadt Erlangen und umfasst eine Fläche von 5,49 km². Es liegt sieben Kilometer südwestlich des Stadtzentrums von Erlangen im Tal der Mittleren Aurach.

Geschichte

Der Name des Stadtteiles geht auf die Aurach und ein Nonnenkloster zurück, 1267 von Herdegen von Gründlach gestiftet und 1271 vom Dominikaner-Orden über Kloster Engelthal besetzt wurde. (Frauen plus ahd. Aue = Wiese und Ache = Fluss, Bach)

1548 kam das Kloster in den Besitz der Markgrafen von Brandenburg-Kulmbach und wurde bis 1796 von einem Klosteramt verwaltet. Ab 1616 wurde Frauenaurach eine kleine markgräfliche Nebenresidenz. Der Ort wurde im Dreißigjährigen Krieg nahezu entvölkert. Die der Zerstörung entgangenen Reste der Klosteranlage wurden 1862 weitgehend abgetragen.

Die Gemeinde hatte 1972 insgesamt 3387 Einwohner. Am 1. Juli 1972 wurde sie im Zuge der Gemeindegebietsreform in die Stadt Erlangen eingemeindet.

Sehenswürdigkeiten

 In der evangelischen Gemeinde Frauenaurach existiert die Klosterkirche, deren Bau im Hochmittelalter begonnen wurde. Sie ist dem Evangelisten Matthäus gewidmet. Ursprünglich lag sie im Bereich eines Nonnenklosters, das um das Jahr 1267 entstanden ist (Kloster Frauenaurach).
 Das Hotel Schwarzer Adler ist ein 300 Jahre altes denkmalgeschütztes Fachwerkhaus.
 Im Museum im Amtshausschüpfla finden kulturhistorische Ausstellungen statt.

Infrastruktur und Verkehr
Frauenaurach verfügt über eine Grundschule und zwei Kindergärten.
Außer regelmäßigen Busverbindungen nach Erlangen, Herzogenaurach und die umliegenden Ortschaften wurde bis zur Einstellung des Personenverkehrs 1984 der Frauenauracher Bahnhof an der Bahnstrecke Erlangen-Bruck–Herzogenaurach bedient.
Frauenaurach liegt am Main-Donau-Kanal und verfügt mit dem Erlanger Hafen und der Lände Frauenaurach über zwei trimodale Güterverkehrszentren. An der Lände Erlangen ist auch eine Anbindung zu der Personenschifffahrt möglich.

Persönlichkeiten
 Michael Alexander Lips (1779–1838), Staatswissenschaftler und Hochschullehrer
 Karl May (1884–1961), Bildhauer, Maler und Zeichner

Literatur

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ehemalige Gemeinde (Erlangen)
Ort in der kreisfreien Stadt Erlangen
Gemeindeauflösung 1972
Ort an der Mittleren Aurach
Kirchdorf (Siedlungstyp)

Frauenaurach


Achyrachaena, monotipski biljni rod u poreodici glavočika (zvjezdanovki). Jedina vrsta Achyrachaena mollis raste u Sjevernoj americi od meksičke države Baja California na sjever do Oregona

Izvori

Madieae
Flora Oregona
Flora Kalifornije
Flora Baja Californie

Achyrachaena


8903 Paulcruikshank este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
8903 Paulcruikshank este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Nachi-Katsuura de Yoshisada Shimizu și Takeshi Urata. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,60 ua, o excentricitate de 0,16 și o înclinație de 13,2° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 8001-9000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1995
Centura de asteroizi

8903 Paulcruikshank


دونسكي (Донське) هي مدينة في مقاطعة ودمورتيجا في أوكرانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 5010  نسمة.

مراجع

مدن أوكرانيا

دونسكي (ودمورتيجا)


Split Lake (ᑕᑕᐢᑿᔭᕽ ou tataskwayak en cri) est une communauté du Nord du Manitoba au Canada. Elle est située sur la rive nord du  le long du fleuve Nelson. La communauté de Split Lake est à l'intérieur de la réserve indienne de Split Lake 171 qui appartient à la Nation crie de Tataskweyak.

Géographie
La communauté de Split Lake est située sur une péninsule la rive nord du  le long du fleuve Nelson à environ  à l'ouest de l'embouchure du fleuve dans la baie d'Hudson. Elle se trouve à  à l'ouest de Gillam et à  au nord-est de Thompson le long de la .

En fait, la communauté de Split Lake est à l'intérieur de la réserve indienne de Split Lake 171 qui appartient à la Nation crie de Tataskweyak.

Démographie
Lors du recensement du Canada de 2011, la réserve indienne de Split Lake 171 avait une population de .

Transports
La communauté de Split Lake se trouve sur la  et le chemin de fer de la Baie d'Hudson.

Notes et références

Annexe

Article connexe
 Nation crie de Tataskweyak

Réserve indienne au Manitoba
Localité au Manitoba

Split Lake


Laurent Rigal est un journaliste sportif français. Après une carrière au sein de Motors TV puis chez Eurosport, il officie à partir de  au sein du groupe Canal+, et est le commentateur des Grands Prix MotoGP en duo avec Randy de Puniet depuis .

Biographie

Origine et famille
Laurent Rigal est le fils d'Hubert Rigal, un ancien pilote moto qui a entre autres fini  du Bol d'Or 1973. Ainsi, durant son adolescence, Laurent a piloté en Aprilia Cup. En parallèle, il développe une passion pour la musique et devient DJ, s'y adonnant notamment l'été dans des bars de plage près d'Hossegor.

Carrière
De 2000 à 2002, il fréquente l'école de radio Studec. Ainsi, de 2001 à 2003, il est animateur au sein de la station Voltage où il présente en particulier l'émission Double F en soirée. Il fait aussi un passage sur Europe 2.

En 2004, il a l'occasion de réaliser un stage chez Motors TV, où il signe rapidement un contrat. Il est alors régulièrement aux commentaires de différents sports mécaniques et réalise également des sujets.

En 2015, il rejoint Eurosport. Il débute à ce moment aux commentaires des Grands Prix Moto2 et Moto3.

En 2019, il se dirige vers le groupe Canal+ qui vient d'acquérir les droits de diffusions des deux catégories ainsi que du MotoGP. Il fait désormais partie d'une équipe composée de Louis Rossi, Sylvain Guintoli, Marina Lorenzo, Randy de Puniet et David Dumain. Son rôle est de commenter les Grands Prix Moto2 et Moto3 à l'instar de ce qu'il faisait chez Eurosport.

Début 2022, il est choisi pour remplacer David Dumain aux commentaires du MotoGP aux côtés du consultant Randy de Puniet. Les deux autres catégories seront désormais suivies par Antoine Arlot.

Il ponctue chaque départ des Grand Prix par un .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Journaliste français du XXIe siècle
Journaliste sportif français
Élève du Studio école de France

Laurent Rigal


එක්සත් ජනපදයේ ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව සම්බන්ධයෙන් වූ ජාතික ඇකඩමිය විසින් මෙම ශත වර්ෂය තුළ ලද ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨතම ඉංජිනේරුමය ජයග්‍රහණ 20 ඇතුළත් කර  ලැයිස්තුවක් සකස් කර ඇත. එය විද්‍යුත්කරණයේ සිට පදාර්ථමය විද්‍යාවල දියුණු වීම් දක්වා පරාසගත වේ. ලැයිස්තුවට ඇතුළත් වීම සඳහා මූලික අවශ්‍යතාවය වූයේ අදාළ වැඩි දියුණු කිරීම ජීවන තත්ත්වයට අධික බලපෑමක් කළේ ද නැත් ද යන්නයි. (1800 හඳුන්වා දෙන ලද ගුවන් යානා විසින් 20 සියවසේ සමාජයට අධික බලපෑමක් එල්ල කළේ යැයි තීරකවරුන්ට දැනුනි නම් එය ද ලැයිස්තුවට ඇතුළත් වීමට ඉඩ තිබුණි.)

සම්පූර්ණ ලැයිස්තුව පහත දැක්වේ.

 විද්‍යුතනය
 රථවාහන
 ගුවන් යානා
 ජල සැපයීම හා බෙදා හැරීම
 ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික්
 ගුවන් විදුලිය හා රූපවාහිනිය
 යන්ත්‍රගත කරන ලද කෘෂිකර්මාන්තය
 පරිගණක
 දුරකථනය
 වායුසමීකරණ සහ ශීතකරණය
 අධි වේගී මාර්ග
 අභ්‍යාවකාශ යානා
 අන්තර්ජාලය
 රූපගත කිරීම (Imaging)
 ගෘහස්ථ උපකරණ
 සෞඛ්‍ය තාක්ෂණය
 පෙට්‍රෝලියම් හා පෙට්‍රෝ රසායනික තාක්ෂණික ක්‍රම
 ලේසර් හා ප්‍රකාශ තන්තු
 න්‍යෂ්ටික තාක්ෂණික ක්‍රම
 පදාර්ථමය විද්‍යාව

 ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව

ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨතම ඉංජිනේරුමය ජයග්‍රහන


Teruyuki Moniwa (født 8. september 1981) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

|-
|2003||2||0
|-
|2004||1||0
|-
|2005||4||1
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
!Total||9||1
|}

Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan
Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 2006

Teruyuki Moniwa


Yuzo Kurihara (født 18. september 1983) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

|-
|2006||1||0
|-
|2007||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0
|-
|2009||0||0
|-
|2010||4||0
|-
|2011||3||0
|-
|2012||5||2
|-
|2013||7||1
|-
!Total||20||3
|}

Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yuzo Kurihara


Președintele Consiliului de Miniștri al Republicii Italiene este șeful guvernului, care prezidează Consiliul de Miniștri al Republicii Italiene. El nu este un birou ales și este numit de Președintele Republicii în conformitate cu articolul 92 din Constituție, care nu necesită cerințe speciale necesare pentru această numire.

Vezi și
 Listă a premierilor Italiei

Politica Italiei

Prim-ministru al Italiei


Lieskovec este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Humenné din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 445 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Lieskovec este atestată documentar din 1430.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Lieskovec, Humenné


is a town located in Tsukubo District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 12,628 in 5174 households and a population density of 1700 persons per km². The total area of the town is , making it the smallest municipality in Okayama in terms of area, but also the most densely populated.

Geography
Hayashima is located in south-central Okayama Prefecture, and belongs to the Okayama metropolitan employment zone. Surrounded by Okayama city, the prefectural capital, and Kurashiki city, the second largest city in the prefecture, it is a commuter town for both.  As the town name suggests, it used to be an island before the Muromachi period, but due to land reclamation, it was connected to land. The southern part is reclaimed land that forms part of the Okayama Plain, and in the center there are hills that were once islands.

Neighboring  municipalities
Okayama Prefecture
Kita-ku, Okayama
Minami-ku, Okayama
 Kurashiki

Climate
Hayashima has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with moderate snowfall.  The average annual temperature in Hayashima is 16.0 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1355 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in January, at around 27.3 °C, and lowest in January, at around 5.4 °C.

Demography
Per Japanese census data, the population of Hayashuna has been as follows. The population has been steadily increasing since the 1970s

History
Hayashima is part of ancient Bitchū Province. During the Edo Period it was a 3000 koku hatamoto holding controlled by a cadet branch of the Togawa clan. After the Meiji restoration, the village of Hayashima was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on June 1, 1889. It was raised to town status on February 26, 1896.

Government
Hayashima has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council ten members. Hayashima, collectively with the city of Kurashiki, contributes 14 members to the Okayama Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the village is part of the Okayama 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
Hayashima is largely a commuter town and logistics distribution center, with some residual rice production. The town was traditionally noted for its production of tatami mats, but this industry has declined.

Education
Hayashima has one public elementary school and one public junior high school operated by the town government. The town does not have a high school. The Okayama Prefectural Board of Education also operates one special education school for the disabled.

Transportation

Railway
 JR West (JR West) - Uno Line
  -

Highways
  San'yō Expressway (Hayashima branch)
  Seto-Chūō Expressway

References

External links

 Town of Hayashima

Towns in Okayama Prefecture

Hayashima


Ariel Caldarelli (* 4. Januar 1959 in Montevideo, Uruguay) ist ein uruguayischer Schauspieler, Theaterregisseur, Dozent und Autor.

Caldarelli schloss 1982 eine Ausbildung an der Escuela Municipal de Arte Dramático (EMAD) erfolgreich ab. Gemeinsam mit Bettina Mondino zeichnete er für das Teatro en el Aula verantwortlich. Caldarelli führte unter anderem bei den Opern Dido y Eneas, Rita und César Regie. Auf die Theaterbühne brachte er unter anderem Stücke von Robert Walsh, Alvaro Correa, Marcos Zarzaj, Fontanarrosa und Ricardo Talesnik. Als Schauspieler war er insbesondere im Fernsehen und Kino zu sehen. So wirkte er in der TV-Produktion A cara o cruz und den Kino-Filmen El hombre pálido, Llamada para un cartero des Regisseurs Brummell Pommerenck und dem Adrián-Biniez-Film Gigante mit. In Stephan Lacants Fernsehfilm Zielfahnder – Blutiger Tango, der größtenteils in Uruguay spielt, wirkte Caldarelli 2019 als Entführungsopfer Volker Hagenbach mit.

Überdies ist der Schauspieler als Texter für Karnevals-Gruppen tätig und schrieb Songs für diese, darunter Los Sandros, Fantasías, Los Gabys und Los Dundees. Auch in der Werbung war er tätig.

Literatur
 Nuevo Diccionario de la Cultura Uruguaya von Miguel Ángel Campodónico, Librería Linardi y Risso, 2003, S. 67

Weblinks

Autor
Theaterschauspieler
Filmschauspieler
Theaterregisseur
Uruguayer
Geboren 1959
Mann

Ariel Caldarelli


Jacob Nelson Fox (December 25, 1927 – December 1, 1975) was an American professional baseball player. Fox was one of the best second basemen of all time, and the third-most difficult hitter to strike out in Major League Baseball (MLB) history. Fox played in the big leagues from 1947 through 1965 and spent the majority of his career as a member of the Chicago White Sox; his career was bookended by multi-year stints for the Philadelphia Athletics and, later, the Houston Astros.

Fox was an American League (AL) All-Star for twelve seasons, an AL Most Valuable Player (MVP) for one season, and an AL Gold Glove winner for three seasons. He had a .288 major-league career batting average with 2663 hits, 35 home runs, and 790 runs batted in. He hit .300 or more six times, and led the AL in singles eight times (seven consecutive seasons) and in fielding average six times as a second baseman. His career fielding percentage was .984. In 1959, when the "Go Go" Chicago White Sox won the American League Pennant championship, he hit .306 with 149 singles and 70 RBI. He coached for the Houston Astros and Texas Rangers after his playing career. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1997.

Early years
Fox was born on Christmas Day 1927 in St. Thomas Township, Pennsylvania, a rural area just west of Chambersburg, in south central Pennsylvania. He was the youngest of three sons born to a carpenter who grew up on a farm and liked to play town baseball in St. Thomas. Despite his short stature, with the help of his father, Fox distinguished himself as a baseball player at a young age, even playing with his father on their St. Thomas team.

Fox at age 16 in 1944, thought that he had a good chance to sign on with a professional baseball team due to player shortages during World War II. His mother wrote a letter on her son's behalf to Connie Mack, the owner/manager of the Philadelphia Athletics, which enabled him to attend an open tryout that spring for the Athletics in Frederick, Maryland. Fox caught the attention of Mack, who signed him to a professional contract.

Professional baseball

Minor leagues
Fox started his professional baseball career with the Lancaster team of the Pennsylvania Interstate League and the Jamestown Falcons where he hit .314. He played a range of infield and outfield positions, ultimately settling at second base. He came back with Lancaster in 1945 and was known as the best second baseman in the league. The Philadelphia Athletics bought his contract that year, but Fox did not get to play for them then because he was called to service and was stationed in Korea in 1946.

Major leagues

Fox's major league career began in  when he started to play for the Philadelphia Athletics, but he played mostly in the minor leagues, appearing in a total of ten MLB games in 1947 and 1948. In 1949, the Philadelphia Athletics set a major league team record of 217 double plays, a record which still stood as of . Fox appeared in 88 of the Athletics games that season, and contributed to 68 of the team's double plays.

The Athletics traded Fox to the Chicago White Sox for Joe Tipton on October 29, . He spent the next 14 seasons with the Sox, making 12 AL All-Star teams and 15 of 16 AL All-Star Game selections beginning in 1951 (two All-Star games were played in 1959 through 1962) when he batted .313. The White Sox finished in third place in each season between 1952 and 1956, followed by second-place finishes in 1957 and 1958 (Baseball-Reference.com lists Billy Pierce and Minnie Miñoso as the top White Sox players during most of those years, as reflected by wins above replacement (WAR), but Fox had the team's highest WAR in 1957).

1959 season
Fox's best season came in 1959, when he received the AL Most Valuable Player award (not until Dustin Pedroia in  would another American League second baseman receive such an honor) on a White Sox team that won its first AL pennant in 40 years. He batted .306, had an on-base percentage of .380, and led the AL in singles. He also started and had four hits in two All-Star games and won his second Gold Glove.  The Al López-managed White Sox had the best record in baseball, going 94-60 to finish five games ahead of the Cleveland Indians and a surprising 15 ahead of the New York Yankees.  It was one of just two seasons the Yankees did not win the pennant between –.

In the World Series, Fox batted a team-high .375 with three doubles, but the Sox lost to the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games.  In Game 5, Fox scored the only run when Sherm Lollar hit into a double play in the fourth inning (this was only the second time that a World Series game did not have an RBI). It was Fox's only postseason experience, and the White Sox did not make it back to the World Series until they swept the 2005 World Series from the Houston Astros.

Later career
Fox played his final two seasons (1964–65) with the Houston Colt .45s and Astros. Joe Morgan later said that he looked up to Fox's example as a rookie with the Astros; Fox and Morgan were both diminutive second basemen. Morgan grew up hitting with a Nellie Fox model bat, which had a large barrel and large handle. With the Astros, Fox convinced Morgan to switch to a bat with a thin handle to leverage his power.

Fox was 5-foot-9, but made up for his modest size and minimal power — he hit only 35 home runs in his career, and never more than six in a single season — with his good batting eye, excellent fielding, and baserunning speed.  Fox was perennially one of the toughest batters to strike out, fanning just 216 times in his career, an average of once every 42.7 at-bats, which ranks him third all-time. He led the league in most at-bats per strikeouts a phenomenal 13 times in his career.  In 1951, Fox hit more triples (12) than he had strikeouts (11). A solid contact hitter (lifetime .288 batting average), he batted over .300 six times, with 2,663 hits, 355 doubles, and 112 triples. He also led the league in singles for seven straight years, in triples once, and in hits four times.

Defensive skills
Fox was one of the best second basemen in the major leagues. He played next to a pair of slick-fielding White Sox shortstops from Venezuela, Chico Carrasquel (1950–55) and Luis Aparicio (1956–62). He was the first major league Gold Glove Award winner for a second baseman in , and he received two more Gold Glove awards in  and . Between August 1956 and September 1960, Fox played a major-league record 798 consecutive games at second base. In 1959 and 1960, the Aparicio-Fox middle infield duo won two Gold Gloves twice for their respective positions, becoming the first (of now a dozen) shortstop-second baseman combinations who both won Gold Gloves in the same season.

Fox led the league's second basemen in defensive games played each season between 1952 and 1959. He also led second basemen in putouts between 1952 and 1961, and in assists several times during his career. Fox finished among the top five second basemen in fielding percentage every year between 1950 and 1964, and currently ranks second in career double plays as a second baseman.

Coaching seasons

Fox was a coach for the Houston Astros (1965–67) and the Washington Senators/Texas Rangers (1968–72). In the late 1960s, Fox appeared to have a chance to manage the Senators when Jim Lemon's post came open following the team's purchase by Bob Short. However, around the same time the Washington Redskins named Vince Lombardi as their football coach, so Short felt pressure to hire a manager with a very well-known name and selected Ted Williams for the position.

Later years
Fox lived in St. Thomas Township, Pennsylvania, after his playing days were over. He co-owned and managed Nellie Fox Bowl in Chambersburg after retiring from baseball. Fox was diagnosed with skin cancer in 1973. In October 1975, he was admitted to the Baltimore Cancer Research Center and treated for metastatic cancer. Fox died on December 1, 1975, at the age of 47. He was buried at the St. Thomas Cemetery in his hometown of St. Thomas.

Legacy

Jim Lemon, who played for the White Sox with Fox in 1963, said that Fox's cancer "had to be incurable – because if it wasn't, Nellie would have beat it." Former White Sox manager Al López described how Fox had found success through hard work rather than natural ability: "He wasn't fast and didn't have an arm, but he worked hard to develop what he needed to make himself a good all-around ballplayer. If you had eight Nellie Foxes, all with his spirit and determination, I think you'd have a winning team." On May 1, 1976, Fox's uniform number 2 was retired by the White Sox; he is the second of ten White Sox players to have his uniform number retired.

Fox was not selected to the Hall of Fame in his initial period of eligibility. In his final ballot cast by baseball writers in 1985, he gained 74.7 percent of the vote, just shy of the 75 percent (traditionally baseball percentages were rounded off) required for election by the Baseball Writers' Association of America. However, in , the Hall of Fame's Veterans Committee elected him. He had the required 75% of the committee's vote in 1996, but the committee was allowed to vote in only one former MLB player; Jim Bunning was inducted after receiving one more vote than Fox. Prior to his Hall of Fame election, a group of fans formed the Nellie Fox Society to promote his case for induction. The group grew to as many as 600 members, including Richard M. Daley, James R. Thompson, George Will and several former MLB players.

In 2001, a Pennsylvania state historical marker was dedicated to honor Fox. Bronze statues of Fox and Aparicio were unveiled on the outfield concourse of U.S. Cellular Field in 2006. Fox's statue depicts him flipping a baseball toward Aparicio, while Aparicio is depicted as preparing to receive the ball from Fox.

See also

 Houston Astros award winners and league leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career triples leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders
 Major League Baseball consecutive games played streaks

Explanatory notes

References

External links

Nellie Fox at Baseballbiography.com
, which originally appeared in the book Go-Go To Glory--The 1959 Chicago White Sox (Skokie, Illinois: ACTA Publishing, 2009), edited by Don Zminda.

1927 births
1975 deaths
American League All-Stars
American League Most Valuable Player Award winners
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Burials in Pennsylvania
Chicago White Sox players
Deaths from cancer in Maryland
Deaths from skin cancer
Gold Glove Award winners
Houston Astros coaches
Houston Astros players
Houston Colt .45s players
Jamestown Falcons players
Lancaster Red Roses players
Lincoln A's players
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Major League Baseball hitting coaches
Major League Baseball players with retired numbers
Major League Baseball second basemen
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
People from Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia Athletics players
Texas Rangers coaches
Washington Senators (1961–1971) coaches

Nellie Fox


Los cirtauquénidos (Cyrtaucheniidae) son una familia de arañas migalomorfas, la única representante de la superfamilia de los cirtauquenioideos (Cyrtauchenioidea).

Sistemática
La categoritzación en subfamilias sigue la propuesta de Joel Hallan en su Biology Catalog.
 Aporoptychinae Simon, 1889
 Acontius Karsch, 1879 (África)
 Ancylotrypa Simon, 1889 (África)
 Bolostromoides Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1945 (Venezuela)
 Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 (América del Sur y Central)
 Fufius Simon, 1888 (América del Sur y Central)
 Kiama Main & Mascord, 1969 (Nueva Gales del Sur)
 Rhytidicolus Simon, 1889 (Venezuela)

 Cyrtaucheniinae Simon, 1892
 Cyrtauchenius Thorell, 1869 (Mediterráneo)

 Euctenizinae Raven, 1985
 Apomastus Bond & Opell, 2002 (EUA)
 Aptostichus Simon, 1891 (EUA)
 Entychides Simon, 1888 (EUA, México)
 Eucteniza Ausserer, 1875 (EUA, México)
 Homostola Simon, 1892 (Sur-África)
 Myrmekiaphila Atkinson, 1886 (EUA)
 Neoapachella Bond & Opell, 2002 (EUA)
 Promyrmekiaphila Schenkel, 1950 (EUA)

 incertae sedis
 Anemesia Pocock, 1895 (Turkmenistán, Tayikistán, Afganistán)
 Angka Raven & Schwendinger, 1995 (Tailandia)

Véase también
 Anexo:Especies de Cyrtaucheniidae

Referencias
 Platnick, Norman I. (2012): The world spider catalog, version 12.5. American Museum of Natural History.
 Texas A&M University, Department of Entomology - Synopsis of the described Araneae of the World.

Familias de arácnidos
Taxones descritos por Eugène de Pousargues

Cyrtaucheniidae


روابط إضافية
 Official Website

 Kohlschreiber Recent Match Results
 Kohlschreiber World Ranking History

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعلام كرة مضرب من بافاريا
ألمان مغتربون في النمسا
رياضيون ألمان مغتربون في النمسا
رياضيون من آوغسبورغ
لاعبو كرة مضرب ألمان
لاعبو كرة مضرب أولمبيون من ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة مضرب في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2016
لاعبو كرة مضرب في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2020
مواليد 1983
مواليد في آوغسبورغ

فيليب كولشرايبر


Scheibenberg  heißen:

 Scheibenberg, Stadt in Sachsen
 Scheibenberg (Gemeinde Oberndorf), Ortschaft von Oberndorf an der Melk, Bezirk Scheibbs, Niederösterreich
 Scheibenberg (Gemeinde Eichkögl), Ortsteil der Gemeinde Eichkögl, Bezirk Südoststeiermark, Steiermark

Scheibenberg heißen zudem folgende Berge:
 Scheibenberg (Ybbstaler Voralpen), Zinken 1400 m, Bergzug in den Ybbstaler Voralpen, Niederösterreich
 ein Nebengipfel, ca. 960 m, des Hochkogel (Wildalpen), in den Ybbstaler Alpen, Steiermark
 ein Gipfel, 860 m, des Asang (Waldviertel), östlich Rappottenstein, Niederösterreich
 Scheibenberg (Erzgebirge), 807 m, Berg im Erzgebirge, Sachsen
 Scheibenberg (Fichtelgebirge) (800 m), Berg im Fichtelgebirge, 2,5 km südlich von Mehlmeisel, Bayern
 Scheibenberg (Kühnring), ca. 420 m, Anhöhe bei Kühnring im Waldviertel, Niederösterreich
 ein Nebengipfel, ca. 640 m, des Teufelstein (Waldviertel), an der böhmischen Grenze, bei Kautzen im Waldviertel, Niederösterreich
 Scheibenberg (Wienerwald), ca. 620 m, Nebengipfel des Jochgrabenbergs bei Pressbaum, Niederösterreich
 Scheibenberg (Leithagebirge), ca. 300 m, Hausberg von Eisenstadt, Burgenland
 Scheibenberg (Kronberg), ca. 270 m, bei Kronberg im Weinviertel, Niederösterreich
Siehe auch:
Scheibeberg

Scheibenberg (Begriffsklärung)


Erica može označavati:
 Erica (Animalia), monotipni rod pauka iz porodice Salticidae
 Erica (Plantae), biljni rod iz porodice Ericaceae

Erica


Keysi (Keysi Fighting Method) es un estilo de defensa personal basado en el estudio y cultivo de los instintos naturales, combinado con los principios básicos de combate: fue creado por el español Justo Diéguez Serrano.

El arte marcial español keysi se hizo famoso tras su uso en las coreografías de las batallas de las películas Batman Begins y sus secuelas y en Misión imposible 3. Hay, más o menos, 98 academias de KFM en el mundo.

KFM usa múltiples tipos de ataques, con sus propias armas. El KFM está formado por el defensor (pensador) y el atacante (pensataq). Se utiliza una defensa que protege la parte más importante del cuerpo, la cabeza, y rompe la defensa del oponente, abriendo su cuerpo a todo tipo de ataques: puños, patadas, cabezazos, codazos...

El pensador coloca ambas manos en la cabeza, defendiéndola, utilizando los codos para atacar, siendo movimientos rápidos pero fuertes. La defensa del pensador tiene una variedad de golpes para contrarrestar los golpes del atacante, haciendo que éste destape sus puntos vitales (bíceps, riñones...).

Otro aspecto del KFM es su giro en 360°, redefiniendo la filosofía depredador y presa, convirtiéndose la presa (el atacado) en depredador (atacante) durante una pelea.

El KFM se originó en España, así, la mayoría de las 98 escuelas de aprendizaje del KFM (Keisy Fighting Method) están localizadas en Europa. En 2004 llegó a Estados Unidos, instalando escuelas de aprendizaje en Nueva York, Los Ángeles, Texas, Georgia, Maryland, Delaware, Arizona y Florida. Continúa expandiéndose en USA.

En 2017 inició su expansión en México y en Latinoamérica en países como Chile y Costa Rica. Son cada vez más los practicantes de este método ya que no solo busca el entrenamiento físico de los estudiantes sino que a través de sus ejercicios se inicia un camino de autodescubrimiento, con valores filosóficos como el honor, los ideales, la fraternidad que no se aprenden sino buscándolas en el interior de sí mismos.

Keysi es un método que ha nacido este milenio para un mundo donde se requiere de practicidad y sobre todo de herramientas que ayuden en el camino con la misma velocidad con que la sociedad y la tecnología se mueven.

"NUNCA TE RINDAS" es la frase que condensa lo que el Keysi enseña a cada estudiante.

Notas
 En Batman Begins y en The Dark Knight, el Keysi es el estilo más utilizado, y Buster Reeves es el doble de Christian Bale en las escenas de acción, nótese también en las películas que participa Tom Cruise en Misión imposible 3 y Jack Reacher

Referencias

Artes marciales originarias de Europa

Keysi


Der ehemalige Domfriedhof und Friedhof der Stadt Limburg an der Lahn liegt in unmittelbarer Nähe des Limburger Doms am Domplatz. Der Friedhof, der sowohl als letzte Ruhestätte der Stiftsangehörigen wie auch der Stadtbevölkerung diente, wurde im 19. Jahrhundert mehrfach erweitert, bevor er 1882 durch einen neuen Hauptfriedhof auf dem Schafsberg abgelöst wurde. Seit 1965 ist der aus geschichtlichen und kulturellen Gründen denkmalgeschützte Friedhof als Parkanlage zugänglich. Auf dem Gelände befindet sich die ebenfalls denkmalgeschützte ehemalige Karnerkapelle St. Michael.

Geschichte

Ursprünglich wurde der Friedhof auf einem kleinen Areal vor der Westfassade des Doms angelegt. Nördlich befanden sich ein ehemaliges Stiftshaus, die heute noch bestehende Michaelskapelle und ein ehemaliges Kapitelhaus, im Süden der Anlage verlief der Weg zur Burg. Ebenfalls als Friedhof genutzt wurde zu dieser Zeit auch der Geländestreifen zwischen Nordfassade des Doms und dem steilen Absturz des Domfelsens zur Lahn. Als Andachtsbild für die Friedhofsbesucher befand sich an der Südseite der Kirche eine große überdachte Ölberggruppe, die 1824 entfernt wurde.

Der Dom war nicht nur Stiftskirche, sondern auch Stadtpfarrei, so dass dort nicht nur die Stiftsangehörigen, sondern auch die Stadtbevölkerung beerdigt wurde. Aufgrund der steigenden Einwohnerzahlen wurde die Friedhofsanlage Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts zu klein. Im Jahr 1817 – zu dieser Zeit hatte Limburg 2585 Einwohner – erhielt der Stadtschultheiß Grimm vom Herzoglichen Amt den Auftrag, einen Vorschlag zur Vergrößerung zu unterbreiten.

Zunächst wurden vom Magistrat verschiedene Alternativstandorte erörtert. Vorgeschlagen wurde eine Verlegung an den Flachter Weg in Richtung Galgenberg, an die Frankfurter Straße (heutige Bundesstraße 8) sowie an die Schafsberger Gasse (heutige
Parkstraße). Letztendlich wurden diese Pläne jedoch verworfen, man entschied sich dazu, durch Ankauf der westlich angrenzenden Grundstücke den Friedhof zu vergrößern. Grund dafür war nicht zuletzt der Wunsch der Limburger Bevölkerung, den "seit unerdenklichen Jahren nächst der Mutterkirche gelegenen Totenacker" beizubehalten, wie der Magistrat im Mai 1833 gegenüber dem Herzoglichen Amt ausführte.

1834 erteilte das Amt schließlich die Genehmigung, woraufhin die Stadt die Friedhofserweiterung plangemäß umsetzte. Erworben wurde ein im Jahr 1304 als Burgmannenhaus des Walter von Cronenburg erwähntes Gebäude, das 1391 durch Viktor Heinrich Rode dem Stift vermacht wurde und welches mittlerweile baufällig geworden war. Zudem kaufte die Stadt die westlich anliegenden Gärten, darunter den von Diezer und von Dehrner Garten sowie Teile des Walderdorffer Gartens.

Das ehemalige Stiftshaus wurde zunächst als Leichenhaus und Wohnung des städtischen Totengräbers genutzt. Es wurde 1857 niedergelegt, um erneut Platz für weitere Gräber zu schaffen. Jedoch wurde aufgrund der stark steigenden Bevölkerungszahlen die Anlage eines neuen Friedhofs unumgänglich, 1882 wurde schließlich auf der Unterheide am Schafsberg der neue städtische Hauptfriedhof eröffnet. Bis in die 1920er Jahre hinein fanden jedoch in den zahlreichen Familiengräbern weiterhin Beerdigungen auf dem Domfriedhof statt.

Mitte der 1960er Jahre wurde das Gelände des ehemaligen Friedhofs, mit Ausnahme des Domherrenfriedhofs, zu einem Park umgewidmet. Im Zuge der Umgestaltung wurde als Eingang ein schmiedeeisernes, zweiflügeliges Gittertor aus der Zeit um 1600 montiert.

Zum Frühjahr 2013 wurde, nachdem in den Jahren zuvor viele Grabsteine aufgrund von Bauarbeiten ungeordnet auf dem Gelände lagen, auf Anweisung der Stadt die Anlage neu hergerichtet. Dabei wurden einige der Grabsteine gereinigt und restauriert.

Grablege der Domherren

Der ursprünglich als Friedhof genutzte Geländestreifen an der Nordseite des Doms wird seit 1928 als Grablege für die Domherren genutzt, Arnold Hensler schuf dafür 1931/32 eine Kreuzigungsgruppe, die zu seinen Hauptwerken zählt.

Folgende Geistliche liegen auf dem Areal begraben:
 Hans Bernhard (1929–2002), Domkapellmeister und Domvikar
 Werner Böckenförde (1928–2003), Domkapitular
 Julius Eiffler (1835–1898), Domkapitular, Generalvikar und Bistumsverweser
 Heinrich Fendel (1878–1965), Domkapitular, päpstlicher Rat, Limburger Stadtpfarrer und päpstlicher Hausprälat
 Wilhelm Fischbach (1867–1951), Domkapitular, geistlicher Rat und päpstlicher Hausprälat
 Ferdinand Fromm (1912–2004), päpstlicher Hausprälat und Domkapitular
 H. Gerlach (1833–1886), Domkapitular und geistlicher Rat, gemeinsam mit "Frau Kanzleirat Gerlach, geb. Volbracht" (1806–1882)
 Matthäus Göbel (1862–1948), Domdekan und apostolischer Protonotar
 Georg Hilpisch (1846–1928), Domdekan und apostolischer Protonotar
 Georg Höhle (1905–1979), Generalvikar
 Matthias Höhler (1847–1923), Generalvikar und Domkapitular
 Willi Hübinger (1946–2012), Domkapitular
 Christian Jung (1920–1974), Domkapitular und Generalvikar
 Walther Kampe (1909–1998), Weihbischof und Domdekan
 Heinrich Karell (1905–1975), Domkapitular und päpstlicher Hausprälat
 Heinrich Lala (1838–1909), Domkapitular und geistlicher Rat, langjähriger Leiter des Priesterseminars
 Josef Lamay (1892–1961), Domkapitular und päpstlicher Hausprälat
 Walter Leussler (1905–1992), Domkapitular und päpstlicher Hausprälat
 Engelbert Löhr (1894–1973), Domdekan und apostolischer Protonotar
 Hans Pabst (1889–1968), Domkapellmeister, Ehrendomherr und päpstlicher Geheimkämmerer
 Berthold Merkel (1888–1955), Domkapitular, Generalvikar und päpstlicher Hausprälat
 Jakob Rauch (1881–1956), Domdekan, päpstlicher Hausprälat und apostolischer Protonotar
 Hans Seidenather (1908–1994), Domkapitular und päpstlicher Hausprälat
 Jakob Strieth (1867–1943), Domkapitular, geistlicher Rat und päpstlicher Hausprälat
 Wilhelm Tripp (1835–1916), Limburger Stadtpfarrer von 1887 bis 1916

Grabsteine

Auf dem heute als Parkanlage genutzten Gelände sind noch zahlreiche Grabsteine sowie einige Grabanlagen Limburger Familien aus dem 18. bis frühen 20. Jahrhundert erhalten.

Literatur
 Verena Fuchß: Kulturdenkmäler in Hessen: Stadt Limburg. Herausgegeben vom Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Hessen. Theiss, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-2096-4, S. 231–233.
 Monika Jung: Totengedenken und Grablegen in Limburg. Eine Dokumentation der Grablegen in und um den Dom zu Limburg. Cardamina Verlag, Plaidt 2011, ISBN 978-3-86424-029-4.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Limburg an der Lahn
Limburg an der Lahn
Kulturdenkmal in Limburg an der Lahn
Sakralbau in Limburg an der Lahn
Limburg an der Lahn
Limburg

Domfriedhof (Limburg an der Lahn)


Colonization Sid Meier ve Microprose Corp. birlikte 1994 yılında hazırladığı ekonomi ve savaş stratejisinin birlikte kullanabildiğiniz bilgisayar oyunudur. Oyun Amerika'nın Avrupa milletleri tarafından kolonileştirilmesini konu alır.

Oynanış
Oyuna Fransa, İngiltere, İspanya ve Hollanda'dan birini seçerek başlarsınız. Amaç, size verilen gemi ile Amerika kıtasına gitmek, orada bir koloni kurmak, daha sonra o kolonide ürettiğiniz malları satıp zenginleşmek, bu arada etraftaki yerli kabileleri ve diğer Avrupalı kolonicileri imha etmektir. Bir süre sonra o kadar güçlenirsiniz ki, mesela İngiltere'yi oynuyorsanız İngiltere kralına başkaldırıp bağımsızlığınızı ilan edebilirsiniz.

Oyunun kapsamlı bir ekonomik modeli vardır. Örneğin, koloninizin etrafındaki ağaçları kesip odun olarak satabilirsiniz ama odun ucuz olduğu için çok para kazanamazsınız. Onun yerine bir kâğıt fabrikası kurup odunları kağıda çevirirseniz çok daha fazla para kazanabilirsiniz. Tabi bunun için para ödeyip Avrupa'dan kâğıt fabrikasında çalışabilecek işçi getirmeniz gerekir.

Avrupa'dan düzenli olarak kolonilerinize belli mesleklerde kolonistler gelir. Örneğin ağaç kesmek için oduncuya, maden çıkartmak için madenciye ihtiyacınız vardır. Bunun yanı Avrupa'dan bazen de suçlular gelir. Kolonilerinize okul kurabilirsiz ve o okulda suçluları eğiterek onları oduncu, madenci, politikacı ve hatta asker yapabilirsiniz.

Savaş oyunda önemli bir yer tutar. Savaşmak için askere ihtiyacınız vardır. Askerleri Avrupa'dan satın alabilirsiniz ama bu çok pahalıya patlar. Onun yerine askerleri kendiniz üretmeniz daha iyi bir yöntemdir ama bunun için kuvvetli bir ekonomiye ihtiyacınız vardır. Birkaç madenci demir madeni çıkarır, sonra o madenler demircilerde işlenir, işlenmiş demirler de silah atölyelerinde tüfeğe çevrilir. Üretilen bu tüfekler kolonistlere dağıtılarak sıradan vatandaşlar askere çevrilebilir. Askerleri kullanarak rakip oyuncuların kolonilerine saldırabilir ve oraları ele geçirebilirsiniz.

Dış bağlantılar
 http://www.colonization.biz
 http://www.colonizationfans.com

Civilization
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde geliştirilen video oyunları
Microsoft Windows oyunları
Sid Meier
Amerikan Devrimi medyaları
1994 video oyunları

Colonization


Șoseaua Kiseleff ili Kiseljova, Kiseleffova ulica je glavna gradska prometnica i ulica u Bukureštu, glavnom gradu Rumunjske. Nastavlja se na Aveniju pobjede, najstariju bukureštansku ulicu. Za vrijeme komunističkog režima nosila je naziv Bulevar kralja Mihaela.

Izgrađena je 1832. godine, na zahtjev ruskog vojskovođe i revolucionara Pavela Kiseljova (Kiseleffova), tada zapovjednika ruskih okupatorskih snaga u Vlaškoj i Moldaviji. Naziv Kiseleffova ulica dolazi od francuske transliteracije prezimena Kiseljov, a Șoseaua na rumunjskom jeziku označava ulicu, cestu. Bila je mjesto održavanja brojnih vojnih povorki, svečanosti i proslava nakon oba svjetska rata i Rumunjske revolucije 1989., kada je odigrala važnu ulogu u stjecanju neovisnosti Rumunjske.

Kiseljova ulica je, uz Trg pobjede, mjesto održavanja brojnih glazbenih festivala, kulturnih i zabavnih događanja, ali i prosvjeda i političkih skupova. Duž ulice pružaju se brojne muzejske ustanove (Muzej geologije, Seoski muzej Dimitrie Gusti i Muzej rumunjskih seljaka), parkovi (Herăstrău), povijesne građevine (Elizabetina palača, rezidencija rumunjske kraljevne) i Slavoluk pobjede, koji spaja krajnje točke pružanja ceste. U Kiseljovoj ulici nalaze se veleposlanstva Bjelorusije, Perua, Kanade i Rusije te sjedište američkog veleposlanika.

Izvori

Ulice
Ceste
Građevine u Bukureštu
Infrastruktura kopnenog prometa u Rumunjskoj

Kiseljova ulica


Telšiai County () is one of ten counties in Lithuania. It is in the west of the country, and its capital is Telšiai. There are Lithuanians (98.7%), Latvians (0.1%), Russians (0.9%), and others (0.3%). On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Telšiai County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.

Municipalities
Municipalities are:

References

External links
Social and demographic characteristics of Telšiai County
Economy of Telšiai County
Environment of Telšiai County

Counties of Lithuania

Telšiai County


Cheilanthoideae, potporodica papratnjača, dio je porodice bujadovki (Pteridaceae). Postoji blizu 30 rodova.

Rod je prisutan na svim kontinentima, a opisan je 1973.

Rodovi

 Calciphilopteris Yesilyurt & H. Schneid. (4 spp.)
 Baja Windham & L. O. George (1 sp.)
 Bommeria E. Fourn. (5 spp.)
 Cheilanthes p. p. (skinneri clade) (3 spp.)
 Myriopteris Fée (42 spp.)
 Pellaea Link (50 spp.)
 Paragymnopteris K. H. Shing (6 spp.)
 Astrolepis D. M. Benham & Windham (8 spp.)
 Argyrochosma (J. Sm.) Windham (19 spp.)
 Mildella Trevis. (2 spp.)
 Cheilanthes p. p. (1 sp.)
 Notholaena R. Br. (34 spp.)
 Mineirella Ponce & Scataglini (4 spp.)
 Cheiloplecton Fée (1 sp.)
 Pentagramma Yatsk., Windham & E. Wollenw. (6 spp.)
 Aleuritopteris Fée (44 spp.)
 Oeosporangium Vis. (28 spp.)
 Cheilanthes Sw. (59 spp.)
 Cheilanthes sensu lato (26 spp.)
 Mickelopteris Fraser-Jenk. (1 sp.)
 Hemionitis L. (6 spp.)
 Doryopteris p. p. (7 spp.)
 Gaga Pryer, Fay W. Li & Windham (19 spp.)
 Aspidotis (Nutt. ex Hook.) Copel. (4 spp.)
 Trachypteris André (4 spp.)
 Adiantopsis Fée (34 spp.)
 Doryopteris s. lat. (11 spp.)
 Doryopteris J. Sm. (23 spp.)
 Lytoneuron (Klotzsch) Yesilyurt (16 spp.)
 Ormopteris J. Sm. (5 spp.)
 Cheilanthes bolborrhiza'' Mickel & Beitel

Izvori

Bujadovke

Cheilanthoideae


The Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (), abbreviated as MMK, is the foundational text of the Madhyamaka school of Mahāyāna Buddhist philosophy. It was composed by the Indian philosopher Nāgārjuna (approximately around 150 CE).

The MMK makes use of reductio arguments to show how all phenomena (dharmas) are empty of svabhava (which has been variously translated as essence, own-being, or inherent existence). The MMK is widely regarded as one of the most influential and widely studied texts in the history of Buddhist philosophy. The MMK had a major impact on the subsequent development of Buddhist thought, especially in Tibetan Buddhism and East Asian Buddhism.

Background

The MMK is the work of Nāgārjuna, an Indian Buddhist monk and philosopher writing in Sanskrit. Very little is known about this figure, including exactly where he lived (somewhere in the Indian subcontinent), exactly what time (some time around the 2nd or 3rd century CE), and how many texts he composed. As with many early Indian historical figures, the biographical information which does exist is mainly hagiographical and from later periods. Most scholars agree that Nāgārjuna was a Mahāyāna Buddhist who believed all things (dharmas) to be empty, or without an intrinsic existence and nature (svabhāva). Beyond that, little can be said about him with certainty.

During the second and third centuries, Mahāyāna ideas were held by a minority of Buddhists in India who lived within the communities of Nikāya Buddhism (i.e. non-Mahāyāna Buddhism). Although all the major Buddhist schools at the time held that the person was empty of any eternal self or soul, some of the Abhidharma schools conceived of dharmas (transient phenomena, impermanent events) as ultimately real entities (dravyata) that had essences or "intrinsic natures" (svabhāva). These intrinsic natures were seen as an independent part of a phenomenon, an inherent self-sufficiency that was not caused by something else. Abhidharma schools like the Vaibhasikas accepted this doctrine and did not see it as conflicting with the idea of dependent origination.

In the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, Nāgārjuna sought to refute these essentialist ideas found in Buddhist traditions such as Vaibhasika and Pudgalavada, as well as in Brahmanical schools of thought like Nyaya who also defended an essence based metaphysics. As such, his philosophy is also often termed Niḥsvabhāvavāda (the no svabhāva doctrine).

Nāgārjuna's main contention with svabhāva theories was that they contradicted the fundamental Buddhist doctrine of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda). Furthermore, essence theories are not in agreement with the Mahāyāna sutras Nāgārjuna would have been familiar with. These sutras, particularly the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras, teach a kind of comprehensive illusionist ontology that sees all dharmas, even nirvana and Buddhahood, as being empty and like an illusion. This illusionism was not totally new, since similar ideas about emptiness can be found in the early Buddhist texts (see: Samyutta Nikaya 22:95, as well as Samyukta Āgama 335 and 297). However, the Prajñāpāramitā texts are unique in seeing all dharmas, including nirvana, as empty and like illusions. The MMK cites the Kaccānagotta Sutta, an early Buddhist text, from which it draws one of its major ideas regarding the middle way: the explanation of "right-view" as being a middle way between saying that "everything exists" (referring to the view of permanent existence: Pali: atthitā, Skt. astitva) and saying that "everything does not exist" (non-existence; Pali: n'atthitā, Skt nāstitva). This middle way is then defined as the 12 principles (dvādaśāṅga) of dependent origination.

Thus, Nāgārjuna's main project was to develop the philosophical position of the Buddha's teaching of dependent origination and not-self/emptiness as well as the ideas of the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras in a logical and systematic manner by refuting svabhāva theories and self theories.

Content
The text is a series of 450 verses (karikas) organized into 27 chapters. The verses are aphoristic, often enigmatic, and extremely short. The text's arguments are presented in a highly compressed and concise form. This is because the text is a karika-style work. Such texts were meant to be memorized as an aid to learning by students. The text's arguments would be filled out through the oral commentary of a master. As such, the karikas are like a verse outline of the major philosophical arguments of an oral tradition.

The text seems to be mainly addressed to a Buddhist audience, particularly those who followed Abhidharma doctrines which held that dharmas are ultimately real and have svabhava (an intrinsic nature). The MMK takes up numerous Buddhist Abhidharma categories and ideas and examines them to show that they are empty and cannot have intrinsic nature. The MMK presents various arguments, mostly reductio in style, such as showing that an idea leads to an infinite regress.

The text begins with the following dedication verse:I salute the Fully Enlightened One, the best of orators, who taught the doctrine of dependent origination, according to which there is neither cessation nor origination, neither annihilation nor the eternal, neither singularity nor plurality, neither the coming nor the going [of any dharma, for the purpose of nirvāṇa characterized by] the auspicious cessation of hypostatization.The dedication sets out the main goal of the MMK, to eliminate conceptual proliferation, reification and hypostatization (prapañca), which expresses itself in different philosophical concepts such as essentialism, eternalism and annihilationism.

The first chapter discusses causation. The main thesis to be defended is given in the first verse:Not from itself, not from another, not from both, nor without cause: Never in any way is there any existing thing that has arisen.To put it another way, the main thesis which Nāgārjuna will defend here is that phenomena (dharmas) do not come into being in any of the following four ways:

 By being self-caused, or due to the fact that the effect was already present in the cause (hetu). This view was called satkāryavāda.
 By being caused by something else (asatkāryavāda), the cause and the effect being distinct entities
 A combination of both of the above, i.e. the cause and the effect and both identical and different
 Acausality, phenomena originate without causes (ahetu)

The main view that MMK focuses on debating with is the second one, which is held by Buddhist Abhidharma theorists which put forth four main forms of conditionality: the primary cause (hetu-pratyaya), the objective support (ārambaṇa-pratyaya), the proximate condition (samanantara-pratyaya), and the dominant condition (adhipati-pratyaya). The MMK takes up each one in order to refute them, arguing that, for those who hold that cause and effect are distinct, the producing relation can only be a conceptual construction.

Chapter overview
The 27 chapters of the MMK are as follows:

 : Analysis of conditions
 : Analysis of going and not going
 : Analysis of the eye and the other sense-organs
 : Analysis of the skandhas ("aggregates")
 : Analysis of the dhatūs ("constituents")
 : Analysis of desire and the desirous
 : Analysis of the constructed
 : Analysis of action and actor
 : Analysis of the past
 : Analysis of fire and fuel
 : Analysis of initial and final limits
 : Analysis of suffering
 : Analysis of mental constructions
 : Analysis of admixture
 : Analysis of own-nature
 : Analysis of bondage and liberation
 : Analysis of action (karma) and its fruit
 : Analysis of the self (atman).
 : Analysis of time
 : Analysis of combination
 : Analysis of becoming and un-becoming
 : Analysis of the Tathāgata.
 : Analysis of Error
 : Analysis of the Noble Truths
 : Analysis of
 : Analysis of the twelve links (of dependent origination)
 : Analysis of views

The authenticity of the last two chapters is disputed, and they may have been later additions, not composed by Nāgārjuna. However, most ancient commentaries take them to be canonical.

Different scholars divide up the work into different main parts. According to Jay Garfield, the MMK can be divided into four main sections:

 Chapters 1 through 7, which focus on the fundamental theoretical constructs in Buddhist ontology, such as dependent origination, change and impermanence, perception, the five aggregates, the elements or properties of things, and the relation between substance and attribute. All of these are shown to be empty of own-nature or essence.
 Chapters 8 through 13 focus on the nature of the self and of subjective experience.
 Chapters 14 through 21 are mainly concerned with the external world and the relation of the self to objects.
 Chapters 22 through 27 discuss phenomena associated with the ultimate truth, such as buddhahood, emptiness, and nirvana (it is argued that all of these are also empty), as well as the relation of the conventional truth to the ultimate phenomena.

Commentaries
As a kārikā-style text, the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā presents only aphoristic, often enigmatic and extremely short verses, much like the sūtra works of the various Hindu philosophical schools. Since they served primarily as pedagogical or mnemonic aids for teachers, commentaries were required to make the meaning of this type of text more explicit to the uninitiated reader.

The Indian Akutobhayā, whose authorship is unknown, though is attributed to Nagarjuna in the tradition, is held by Ames to be the earliest commentary on the MMK. C.W. Huntington has suggested that this commentary may not have been considered a separate text, but instead may have been a set of notes which may go back to oral explanations of the root text by Nāgārjuna himself.

The earliest known commentary on the MMK by another author is preserved within the first Chinese translation of the Kārikā, known as the "Middle Treatise" ( Zhong Lun), translated by Kumarajiva in 409. The author of this commentary is given as either "Blue Eyes" (; back translated as *Vimalākṣa) or *Piṅgala (). This is by far the best known commentary in the East Asian Mādhyamaka tradition, forming one of the three commentaries that make up the Sanlun ("Three Treatise") school. An influential figure of the Sanlun school is Jízàng (549–623), who wrote a commentary on the Middle Treatise in Chinese, the Zhongguanlun shu ().

Other surviving and influential Indian commentaries on the MMK include Buddhapālita's (c. 470–550) "Madhyamakvr̩tti" and Bhāviveka's (c. 500–578) "Prajñāpradīpa" (Lamp of Wisdom). The most influential commentary in later Indian and Tibetan Buddhism is Candrakirti's (c. 7th century) Prasannapadā (Clear Words), which survives in Sanskrit and Tibetan translation. An MMK commentary by the Indian Yogacara philosopher Sthiramati also survives in Chinese.

In Tibet, various influential Tibetan language commentaries were written on the MMK. An early and important commentary is Ornament of Reason by Mabja Jangchub Tsöndrü (12th century). In the Gelug school, the key and definitive commentary is Je Tsongkhapa's (1357–1419) Ocean of Reasoning. Meanwhile, in the Nyingma school, the most important commentaries are by more recent figures, mainly Ju Mipham and Khenpo Shenga.

During the modern and contemporary periods, new commentaries have been written from different perspectives. David Kalupahana, a Sri Lankan scholar, wrote a commentary (Kalupahana 1986) which interprets the text from an early Buddhist perspective. Meanwhile, Jay Garfield has published an English translation and commentary (Garfield 1995) which, though influenced by Tibetan interpretations, also attempts to explain the text to Western philosophers. Gudo Nishijima wrote a commentary from a Soto Zen perspective, while Siderits and Katsura have published a translation and commentary (2013) which mainly follow the classical Sanskrit tradition.

Modern scholarly interpretations
As noted by Ruegg, Western scholarship has given a broad variety of interpretations of Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka thought in the MMK, including: "nihilism, monism, irrationalism, misology, agnosticism, scepticism, criticism, dialectic, mysticism, acosmism, absolutism, relativism, nominalism, and linguistic analysis with therapeutic value".

Some of the main scholarly interpretations of Nagarjuna's MMK include the following:

 The Kantian interpretation, exemplified by Theodore Stcherbatsky's "The Conception of Buddhist Nirvāna" (1927). This Kantian interpretation saw Nagarjuna as dividing the world into a realm of appearance or phenomenon (saṃsāra) and a realm of absolute reality or noumenon (nirvāṇa). This is also seen in T. R. V. Murti's 1955 "The Central Philosophy of Buddhism".
 The Pyrrhonian skeptic interpretation. Some scholars, such as Thomas McEvilley, have either argued that Nagarjuna was influenced by Greek Pyrrhonism or see Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka as similar to that of Pyrrhonist philosophers such as Sextus Empiricus.
 The analytic interpretation, exemplified by Richard Robinson's 1957 article "Some Logical Aspects of Nāgārjuna's System", sought to explain Madhyamaka using analytic philosophy's logical apparatus. , Richard P. Hayes meanwhile, using analytical logic, critiques Nagarjuna as irrational and as relying on "fallacies and tricks".
 The Pragmatist interpretation, exemplified by David Kalupahana's translation and commentary of the MMK.
 The Wittgensteinian interpretation, exemplified by Frederick Streng's "Emptiness" and Chris Gudmunsen's "Wittgenstein and Buddhism", which stressed the similarities between Nāgārjuna and the later Wittgenstein's linguistic philosophy.
 American philosopher Mark Siderits has defended a svātantrika position.
 Garfield,
 Napper, Hopkins, have adopted Gelug prāsaṅgika influenced interpretation. Jay Garfield has defended the use of modern logic to interpret Nagarjuna's MMK.
 C.W. Huntington criticizes the reading of Nagarjuna through the use of modern analytical logic, since he sees Nagarjuna as "distrustful of logic". He puts forth a more literary interpretation that focuses on the effect Nagarjuna was attempting to "conjure" on his readers (i.e. an experience of having no views).
 Jan Westerhoff, argues that Nagarjuna's thought is a kind of anti-foundationalism, "which does not just deny the objective, intrinsic, and mind-independent existence of some class of objects, but rejects such existence for any kinds of objects that we could regard as the most fundamental building-blocks of the world."

Translations

Quotations

1:1
 Neither from itself nor from another,
 Nor from both,
 Nor without a cause,
 Does anything whatever, anywhere arise.

15:9
 If intrinsic nature does not exist, of what will there be alteration?
 If intrinsic nature does exist, of what will there be alteration?

15:10
 अस्तीति शाश्वतग्राहो नास्तीत्युच्चेददर्शनं

 To say "it is" is to grasp for permanence. To say "it is not" is to adopt the view of nihilism.
 तस्माद् अस्तित्वनास्तित्वे नाश्रीयेत विचक्षणः।

 Therefore a wise person does not say "exists" or "does not exist".

16:10
 न निर्वाणसमारोपो न संसारापकषणम्

 यत्र कस्तत्र संसारो निर्वाणं किं विकल्प्यते

 Where there is neither an addition of nirvana nor a removal of samsara; There, what samsara is discriminated from what nirvana?

18:6–12
 ātmetya api prajñapitam anātmetyapi deśitam
 Although (the term) "self" is caused to be known (of, about), and although (a doctrine or teaching of) "no self" is taught,
 | 6
 No "self" or any "nonself" whatsoever has been taught by the Buddhas.

 The designable is ceased when/where the range of thought is ceased,
 | 7
 Nirvana is like phenomenality, unarisen and unstopping.

 Everything is actual, or not actual, or actual and not actual
 | 8
 Or neither actual nor not actual; this is the Buddha's teaching.

 Independent, peaceful, not delusionally diversified by delusional diversification
 | 9
 Devoid of mental construction, without variation, this is the mark of thatness.
 pratītya yad yad bhavati na hi tāvat tad eva tad
 Whatsoever becomes dependently, is not insofar, that and only that.
 | 10
 Nor is it the other; therefore, it is neither exterminated nor eternal.
 anekārtham anānārtham anuccedam aśāśvatam
 Not singular, not plural, not exterminated, not eternal,
 | 11
 This is the immortal teaching of the Buddhas, lords of the world.

 And again, when the disciples are destroyed and full Buddhas do not arrive,
 |12
 The gnosis (knowledge, etc.) of the independently enlightened Buddhas proceeds without association (with teachings).

22:11
 "Empty" should not be asserted."Nonempty" should not be asserted.
 Neither both nor neither should be asserted. They are only used nominally.

22:16
 तथागतो यत्स्वभावस्तत्स्वभावमिदं जगत्
 tathāgato yat svabhāvas tat svabhāvam idam jagat
  What is the nature of the thus-gone one (the Buddha), that is the nature of the world.

 तथागतो निःस्वभावो निःस्वभावम् इदं जगत्। १६
 | 16
 The thus-gone one is devoid of nature; the world is devoid of nature.

24:18, 24:19
Whatever is dependently co-arisen / That is explained to be emptiness.
That, being a dependent designation, / Is itself the middle way.

Something that is not dependently arisen / Such a thing does not exist.
Therefore a non-empty thing / Does not exist.

25:19–20
 न संसारस्य निर्वाणात् किं चिद् अस्ति विशेषणं

 There is nothing whatsoever of samsara distinguishing (it) from nirvana.
 न निर्वाणस्य संसारात् किं चिद् अस्ति विशेषणं। १९
 | 19
 There is nothing whatsoever of nirvana distinguishing it from samsara.
 निर्वाणस्य च या कोटिः।कोटिः। संसरणस्य च

 (That?) is the limit which is the limit of nirvana and the limit of samsara;
 न तयोर् अन्तरं किंचित् सुसूक्ष्मम् अपि विद्यते। २०
 | 20
 Even a very subtle interval is not found of (between) them.

25:22–24

 | 22

 | 23

 |

 When all dharmas are empty, what is endless? What has an end?
 What is endless and with an end? What is not endless and not with an end?
 What is "it"? What is "other"? What is permanent? What is impermanent?
 What is impermanent and permanent? What is neither?
 Auspicious is the pacification of phenomenal metastasis, the pacification of all apprehending;
 There is no dharma whatsoever taught by the Buddha to whomever whenever, wherever.

See also
 Buddhist philosophy
 Madhyamaka
 Nāgārjuna
 Similarities between Pyrrhonism and Buddhism

References

Sources

Kalupahana, David J (1991). Mulamadhyamakakarika of Nagarjuna: The Philosophy of the Middle Way, Motilal Barnasidass.
 Siderits, Mark; Katsura, Shoryu (2013). Nagarjuna's Middle Way: Mulamadhyamakakarika. Simon and Schuster
 Westerhoff, Jan (2018). The Golden Age of Indian Buddhist Philosophy. Oxford University Press
 Westerhoff, Jan (2009). Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka: A Philosophical Introduction. Oxford University Press

External links
 Nāgārjuna: Mūlamadhyamakakārikā Multi-Lingual Edition (Sanskrit, Chinese, Tibetan, English) with Several Commentaries at Bibliotheca Polyglotta (TLB)
 Mūlamadhyamakakārikā Sanskrit Source at Uwest Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon
 Mūlamadhyamakakārikā-s of Nāgārjuna: Sanskrit text
 "Dependent Arising and the Emptiness of Emptiness:Why did Nagarjuana start with causation?" Jay L. Garfield
 Nagarjuna's Middle Way: A thesis on the Mulamadhyamakakarika, by Jonah Winters (Reed College, 1994; advisor Kees Bolle)

Ancient Indian literature
Sanskrit texts
Mahayana texts
Madhyamaka
Sanron-shū

Mūlamadhyamakakārikā


Taras Hryhorovytsj Sjevtsjenko (úkraínska: Тарас Григорович Шевченко) (9. mars 1814 – 10. mars 1861) var úkraínskt skáld, rithöfundur, listamaður og húmanisti. Hann er þjóðskáld Úkraínu og og frumkvöðull úkraínskra nútímabókmennta, sem átti upphafið að notkun úkraínsku tungunnar sem bókmenntamáls.

Taras Sjevtsjenko var sonur serfabónda og ólst upp í neyð, en listrænir hæfileikar hans urðu til þess að landeigandinn Engelhart tók eftir honum og fór með hann í ferðalög sín. Í Pétursborg, með inngripi rússneska ljóðskáldsins Vasílíj Zhúkovskíj, var hann leystur frá þjónustulífi og nam við Listaháskólann undir stjórn Karls Brjúllovs. Sjevtsjenko var handtekinn í Kænugarði árið 1847 fyrir þátttöku sína í slavneska stjórnmálasamfélaginu Kyril og bræðralag Metodíusar. Hann var dæmdur til herþjónustu í Orenbúrg og síðar í virkinu í Novopetrovsk hinum megin við Kaspíahaf. Honum var ekki sleppt úr grimmri útlegð fyrr en 1857 en heilsu hans var þegar eytt. Hann andaðist fjórum árum síðar og var jarðsettur í borginni Kanív við Danparfljóti.

Skáldskapur Sjevtsjenko endurspeglar óhamingjusama sögu hans sjálfs og lands hans og markast af mannlegri hugsjón. Á vinsælan hátt söng hann af idyllískri náttúru Úkraínu, fyrrum frjálsa kósakkalífi og félagslegri eymd. Mesta epíska verk hans, Hajdamaki (1841), fjallar um kósakkauppreisnina hjá Danparfljóti árið 1768.

Hann er sérstaklega þekktur fyrir ljóðasögur sínar, þar sem örlög óhamingjusamra kvenna eru sungin, t.d. Katerina og Najmytsjka ("ambáttin"), og fyrir hennar listilega endurunnu þjóðsögur, t.d. Rúsalka ("Vatnsmeyjan").

Tenglar
 "Taras Shevchenko: Poet, Artist, Icon" (Video)
 Shevchenko, Taras in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
 Taras Shevchenko in the Library of Congress: A Bibliography
 Shevchenko in English translations
 Interactive biography of Taras Shevchenko in various languages including English
 Poems by Taras Shevchenko for reading online in Ukrainian
 The Ukrainian poet Shevchenko T.G. (Ural marble 0,38x0,35x1,38) is Author, known sculptor Shmat'ko
 Infoukes.com — Taras Shevchenko Museum of Canada
 Taras Shevchenko Museum of Canada  — Detailed biography
 Taras Shevchenko Museum of Canada—English Translations of the Poetry of Taras Shevchenko
 Self portraits of Taras Shevchenko
 Shevchenko's paintings and Ukrainian art songs by Ukrainian composers on Shevchenko's poetry. Audio files.
 Taras Shevchenko Museum & Memorial Park Foundation
 Video Tour: Taras Shevchenko Museum in Toronto (Музей Тараса Шевченка, Торонто).
 Website dedicated to the Kobzar of Taras Shevchenko in English, with illustrations
 Відповідь на молитву / Answer to prayer, short film by Maxim Neafit Bujnicki, 2009 in tribute to Shevchenko

Úkraínsk skáld
Úkraínskir rithöfundar
Úkraínskir listamenn

Taras Sjevtsjenko


Lagărul Oranki 74, situat la Oranki (Mănăstârka), regiunea Nijni Novgorod din Podișul Valdai, a fost un lagăr de prizonieri de război sovietic.   Între 1932 și 1990 orașul Nijni Novgorod s-a numit Gorki (), botezat astfel în cinstea scriitorului  Maxim Gorki.

În perioada anilor 1942-1948 Lagărul Oranki 74 a devenit loc de detenție pentru prizonierii germani, maghiari, români, italieni etc. După "întoarcerea armelor" din 23 august 1944, armata sovietică a continuat să trimită aici militari români.

Istorie
Mănăstirea Oranki este o mănăstire din Nijni Novgorod, o localitate din Siberia apropiată de fluviul Volga, care în 1918 a fost transformată în Lagărul Oranki 74, de către comuniști. În acest lagăr au suferit peste 11.000 de preoți și călugări din Rusia și aproximativ 14.000 de prizonieri căzuți în cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial, în urma bătăliei de la Stalingrad din 1942–1943, printre care s-au numărat soldați români, germani, italieni și de alte naționalități. În lagărul de la Oranki din Siberia rusească, în prima fază a prizonieratului mortalitatea a fost extraordinar de mare. Dintre ofițeri au murit,  aproximativ, 60%. Cei mai mulți dintre ei nu s-au mai întors niciodată acasă.

Lagărul Oranki 74 a devenit, în cele din urmă, unul dintre cele mai crunte lagăre de exterminare. Când a fost preluată mănăstirea, de către comuniști, aici fuseseră adunați mai toți călugării din marile mănăstiri rusești, spre a fi reduși la tăcere. 11.000 de călugări au fost omorâți.

Soldații români au rămas mai puțin timp în prizonierat decât masa ofițerilor din Armata Regală care nu a acceptat să colaboreze cu regimul comunist. Unii soldați s-au întors în 1946 sau 1948 după 2-4 ani petrecuți în URSS.

În vara anului 1948 majoritatea prizonierilor români de război din URSS au fost eliberați.

Note

Oranki 74
Oranki 74

Lagărul Oranki 74


888ligaen var den 81. sæson af Håndboldligaen, den bedste herrerække i håndbold i Danmark.

Turneringen blev afviklet med et grundspil og et slutspil. I grundspillet spillede alle holdene mod hinanden ude og hjemme, og ved afslutningen heraf gik de otte bedste videre til playoff, mens det nederst placerede hold rykkede direkte ned i 1. division, mens det næstnederste og det tredjenederste hold spillede playoff-kampe mod nummer to og tre fra 1. division om pladser i næste års liga (vinderne af 1. division rykkede automatisk op).

Playoffspillet for de bedste hold foregik i to puljer à fire hold, der spillede alle mod alle ude og hjemme. Efter dette afgjorde slutspillet DM-medaljerne, idet de to bedst placerede fra hver pulje gik videre til semifinalerne. Semifinalerne blev spillet bedst af tre kampe, og vinderne af semifinalerne gik i finalen, mens taberne spillede bronzematch. Begge disse opgør blev ligeledes spillet bedst af tre kampe.

Vinder af ligaen og dermed danske mestre blev Aalborg Håndbold, der i finalen besejrede Skjern Håndbold i to kampe (en uafgjort og en sejr), mens Bjerringbro-Silkeborg besejrede Ribe-Esbjerg HH med sejr i to kampe.

Randers HH sluttede sidst i grundspillet og rykkede ned i 1. division; de blev erstattet af Nordsjælland Håndbold. TM Tønder besejrede Skive fH med to sejre og et nederlag og forblev i ligaen, mens Skanderborg Håndbold besejrede TMS Ringsted med sejre i to kampe og forblev dermed ligeledes i ligaen.

Holdinformationer
Følgende 14 klubber spillede i Håndboldligaen i 2016-17 sæsonen:

 Skanderborg Håndbold flyttede til Fælledhallen den 1. november 2016.

Personale og trøjer

Stilling

Kampe

Resultater

1Hjemmehold er angivet på venstre side og udeholdet langs toppen..

Playoff
Nr.1-8 fra grundspillet opdeles i to grupper hvor de to bedste går videre til semifinalen

Gruppe 1

Gruppe 2

Slutspil

Semifinaler

 Der blev spillet bedst af tre kampe. I tilfælde af pointlighed efter anden kamp blev der spillet en afgørende tredje kamp.

Bronzekamp

 Der blev spillet bedst af tre kampe. I tilfælde af pointlighed efter anden kamp blev der spillet en afgørende tredje kamp.

Finale

 Der blev spillet bedst af tre kampe. I tilfælde af pointlighed efter anden kamp blev der spillet en afgørende tredje kamp.

Nedryknings playoff

Nr. 12-13 fra ligaen mødte med nr. 2-3 fra 1. division. Der blev spillet bedst af tre kampe. Vinderen spillede næste sæson i ligaen, mens taberne spillede i 1. divison.

 Der blev spillet bedst af tre kampe. I tilfælde af pointlighed efter anden kamp blev der spillet en afgørende tredje kamp. Højst rangerende hold i grundspillet havde hjemmebane i den afgørende kamp.

Referencer

Eksterne links
 Officiel hjemmeside

Håndboldligaen
DM i håndbold (mænd)

888ligaen 2016-17


Finlandia este o vodcă produsă în Finlanda din orz autohton și apă de izvor glacială. Orzul este distilat într-un spirt neutru folosind un sistem de distilare cu presiune multiplă, la o distilerie din satul Koskenkorva operată de Finlanda Altia Corporation. Alcoolul distilat este apoi transportat la o unitate de producție din satul Rajamäki, la aproximativ 45 km nord de Helsinki. În Rajamäki, spirtul este amestecat cu apă glacială, aromatizată (cu excepția ediției clasice non-aromată, 101 și "Platină"), apoi îmbuteliat.

Brandul Finlandia a fost înființat în 1970 de către Alko, compania de băuturi alcoolice a statului. Un an mai târziu, marca a devenit prima vodcă scandinavă vândută în Statele Unite ale Americii. Finlandia este acum deținută de Brown-Forman Corporation. Vodca Finlandia este distribuită în 135 de țări și este în general asociată cu Finlanda pe piața internațională. Aromele includ afine (din 1994), lime (1999), mango (2004), merișoare (2004), fructe de pădure (2005), grapefruit (2006), mandarine (2009) și coacăze negre (2009).

Istoric
Distileria care produce vodka Finlandia a fost fondată în 1888 de către Dr. Wilhelm Juslin într-un sat mic finlandez, Rajamäki. Astăzi, în același loc istoric încă se mai produce și se îmbuteliază vodka Finlandia.

În 1920, după adoptarea legii privind interzicerea alcoolului în Finlanda, distileria Rajamäki a fost cumparată de statul finlandez pentru a asigura necesarul de alcool pentru aprovizionarea farmaciilor și pentru alte scopuri ce nu implicau bauturile. Când legea a fost anulată în anul 1932, statul a preluat controlul exclusiv la productia de vodca.

În 1970, Alko, compania de stat producătoare de alcool, a stabilit numele de brand ca Finlandia. Un an mai târziu Finlandia a devenit primul brand scandinav de vodca vândut în Statele Unite,  precum și primul importator de vodca clasificat într-o categorie premium.

În 1975, o nouă fabrică de băuturi alcoolice a fost construită la Rajamaki, Finlanda, iar operațiunea de distilare a fost centralizată la Koskenkorva în 1987.

În anul 2000, compania privată, cu sediul în SUA, Brown-Forman Corporation a achiziționat 45% din compania Finlandia Vodka din toata lumea, cu capital de stat Altia Grup, un succesor al Alko, care a pastrat 55% din dreptul de proprietate. Doi ani mai târziu, Brown-Forman a dobândit o suplimentare de 35% din actiunile Finlandia Vodka. În 2004, Brown-Forman a achiziționat restul de 20% din Finlandia Vodka și-a asumat dreptul de proprietate 100% în brand.

Producție
Finlandia vodka este produsă din  în Finlanda și apă de primăvară glaciară pură.

La sediul din Koskenkorva aflat în Finlanda de vest, distilarea initiala a orzului fermentat are loc în șapte cilindri cu o înălțime medie de 25 de metri, folosind sistemul de distilare cu multi-presiune Altia. Restul de impurități, inclusiv letală de metanol precum și de fuzel, alcooli, uleiuri, sunt eliminate pentru ca spirtul de cereale sa fie mutat într-un proces continuu de distilare prin mai mult de 200 de pași. întregul proces de producție, de la cereale zdrobire până cand spiritul neutru final iese din cilindri, durează aproximativ 50 de ore.

Produsul final, un spirt de cereale de 96,5% volum, este apoi transportat aproximativ 315 kilometri (196 mile), la sud de sediul istoric al băuturilor alcoolice în satul Rajamäki, in apropiere de Helsinki. Orzul distilat se diluează cu apă glacială din Rajamäki de primăvară. Pentru că apa este în mod natural filtrată prin nisip și morenă format prin topirea ghețarilor în timpul epocii de Gheață, nu se folosesc deionizare, osmoza tratament sau alte metode de purificare artificială — spre deosebire de alte tipuri de vodka

Apa răcită și încălzită utilizata pe tot parcursul procesului este recirculat într-un sistem închis pentru a controla în mod eficient temperatura și să păstreze consumul apei la un nivel minim.

Soiuri

Finlandia este disponibilă în formă pură (alcool distilat + apă) și în mai multe variante aromate.

Referințe

Băuturi alcoolice finlandeze
Mărci finlandeze

Finlandia (vodka)


Planine Asterousia planinski su lanac u južnoj Kreti koji odvaja ravnicu Mesara od Libijskoga mora. Dokazi o drevnim kretskim kulturama pronađeni su u iskapanjima na ovom području, štoviše, jedno od najznačajnijih minojskih nalazišta na Kreti iskopano je u obližnjem Phaistosu na sjeveru. Očito je palača Phaistos izgrađena da omogući pogled na prostranu ravnicu Mesara i planine Asterousia. Encyclopædia Britannica za ovaj planinski lanac navodi i povijesni naziv Kofinos po najvišem vrhu planina Asterousia Kofinasu (1231 m).

Vidi još

 Hagia triada
 Ravnica Mesara

Izvori

Planine u Grčkoj

Planine Asterousia


Mântuitorul  (titlu original: Izbavitelj) este un film fantastic de groază croat (iugoslav) din 1976 regizat de Krsto Papić.  Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Ivica Vidović și Mirjana Majurec. Scenariul este scris de Ivo Brešan  pe baza unei povestiri de Alexander Grin. Este unul dintre primele filme științifico-fantastice croate, fiind urmat de Vizitatorii din galaxia Arkana în 1981. Este considerat unul dintre cele mai bune filme croate realizate vreodată. Filmul a fost contribuția iugoslavă la cursa pentru a 49-a ediție a Premiilor Academiei Oscar 1977 pentru cel mai bun film străin, dar nu a fost nominalizat.

Prezentare

Filmul are loc în Cehoslovacia după primul război mondial în 1925: există un șomaj mare și extremiști politici care atrag adepți numeroși. Profesorul Boskovic, șomer, află întâmplător  dintr-o carte veche despre existența unei specii de șobolani supranaturali care posedă abilitatea de a se transforma în oameni. Aceștia se folosesc de oameni, s-au îmbogățit și se prefac că sunt umani. Un șobolanul gigant îi conduce și dorește dominația mondială, de aceea infiltrează societatea cu adepții săi. Împreună cu un tânăr scriitor și cu fiica sa, profesorul luptă împotriva acestuia. Tânărul scriitor, care s-a îndrăgostit de fiica profesorului, descoperă un eveniment secret și scapă de acuzațiile șobolanului gigant în ultima secundă. Deoarece consiliul municipal este deja strict sub controlul oamenilor-șobolani, cei trei continuă lupta împotriva rozătoarelor: profesorul a dezvoltat un spray anti-șobolan. Când este ucis, scriitorul își încheie lucrarea și, în cele din urmă, câștigă.

Distribuție
Ivica Vidović – Ivan Gajski
Mirjana Majurec – Sonja Bošković
Fabijan Šovagović – Profesor Martin Bošković
Relja Bašić – Primar
Ilija Ivezić – Șeful poliției

Producție
Filmul a fost realizat de regizorul croat Krsto Papić în 1976 la studioul Jadran Film. Krsto Papić a mai regizat apoi filmul Tajna Nikole Tesle în 1980.

Lansare și primire
În 1982, la festivalul cinematografic Fantasporto din Porto, Portugalia, filmul a primit premiul principal pentru cel mai bun film de lung metraj (primul premiu de acest gen).<ref>[http://www.fantasporto.com/home Festivalul 'Fantasporto]</ref> A câștigat primul premiu al Festivalului International de Science Fiction de la Trieste în 1977. Filmul a fost contribuția iugoslavă la cursa pentru a 49-a ediție a Premiilor Academiei Oscar 1977 pentru cel mai bun film străin, dar nu a fost nominalizat.

În 1999, un sondaj de critici de film croați l-a considerat unul dintre cele mai bune filme croate realizate vreodată. Lexiconul german al filmelor internaționale afirmă că "Filmul croat premiat folosește ingredientele genului cu o îndemânare rară. În poveste pot fi observate reflecții politice asupra luptei dintre bine și rău și despre natura fascismului, care amenință să iasă din nou la lumină în vremuri de criză".

Filmul a fost refăcut de Krsto Papić în 2003, ca Infekcija''.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 Listă de filme de groază din 1976
 Listă de filme SF de groază
 Listă de filme științifico-fantastice din anii 1970
 Listă de filme iugoslave
 Listă de filme științifico-fantastice est-europene
 Științifico-fantasticul în Croația

Filme din 1976
Filme croate
Filme în limba croată
Filme regizate de Krsto Papić
Filme SF din anii 1970
Filme iugoslave
Filme de groază din anii 1970
Filme SF de groază
Filme supranaturale
Filme bazate pe romane fantastice
Filme bazate pe romane horror
Filme bazate pe romane științifico-fantastice
Filme bazate pe romane rusești
1976 în științifico-fantastic
Filme SF croate

Mântuitorul (film)


හැටන් නගරයේ ඇති ප්‍රධානතම සිංහල පාසැල වන්නේ ශ්‍රී පාද මධ්‍ය මහා විද්‍යාලයයි. මෙය මිශ්‍ර පාසැලක් වන අතර, ආරම්භයේ සිටම කීර්තිමත් පාසැලක් ලෙස පැවති අතර, කඳුකරයේ සිංහල භාෂාවෙන් අධ්‍යාපනය ලබන සිසුන් සඳහා මහඟු සේවයක් කරනු ලැබූ පාසැලක් වේ. පළමු වසරේ සිට උසස් පෙළ දක්වා පංති පවත්වනු ලබන අතර, උසස් පෙළ සඳහා ජීව විද්‍යා, ගණිත, කළමනාකරණ සහ කලා යන අංශ වලින් පංති පවත්වනු ලැබේ.

Populated places in Central Province, Sri Lanka

Coordinates|| 6°53′35.86″N, 80°35′58.07″E|| Sri Pada Central College (හැටන්)

ශ්‍රී පාද මධ්‍ය මහා විද්‍යාලය, හැටන්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා


Sarlhusen Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Steinburg iline bağlı yerleşim yeri. 10,86 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Eylül 2006 itibarıyla 506 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Siegfried Folster tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.kellinghusen.de

Steinburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Sarlhusen


Val di Fassa (ladin: Val de Fascia, ) er en dal i Dolomitterne i provinsen Trentino i det nordlige Italien. Den fungerer som et administrativt dalsamfund (italiensk: Comunità di valle, tysk: Talgemeinschaft) i Trentino og det kaldes for Region Comun General de Fascia.

Dalen er hjemsted for det ladinske samfund i Trentino, som udgør den primære del af dalens befolkning.

Kommuner
Dalens kommuner inkluderer (ladinsk navn):

 Canazei (Cianacèi)
 Campitello di Fassa (Ciampedèl)
 Mazzin (Mazin)
 Pozza di Fassa (Poza)
 Vigo di Fassa (Vich)
 Soraga (Sorega)
 Moena (Moéna)

Eksterne henvisninger

Dolomitterne
Trentino
Dale i Italien

Val di Fassa