La filosofía marxista soviética era la filosofía predominante en la antigua Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas.

Historia

Surgida luego de la Revolución de Octubre, la filosofía marxista soviética comenzó luchando contra las tendencias filosóficas burguesas, así como las del menchevismo. En 1922 se fundó la revista Bajo la Bandera del Marxismo, principal exponente de esta corriente.

A partir de fines de la década de 1920, la filosofía marxista soviética polemizó con el materialismo mecanicista y contra nuevas manifestaciones de idealismo. En esa época surgieron los primeros manuales de materialismo dialéctico e histórico. Los filósofos marxistas soviéticos buscaban atraer a los naturalistas, así como planteaban los problemas de la construcción del socialismo y la revolución cultural.

Posteriormente, Stalin hizo que su trabajo Sobre el materialismo dialéctico y el materialismo histórico sea declarado la culminación del marxismo, sin discusión. Esto dejó de ser considerado así tras su muerte. También fue removido de los manuales y publicaciones su culto a la personalidad.

Áreas de trabajo

Los filósofos marxistas soviéticos trabajaron en muchas áreas del conocimiento. Algunas de esas áreas y algunos de sus exponentes se detallan a continuación.

Leyes de la edificación del comunismo, dialéctica del paso del socialismo al comunismo, fusión de las dos formas de propiedad socialista en la forma comunista, superación de las diferencias entre ciudad y campo y entre trabajo físico e intelectual:

 G. M. Gak,
 G. I. Glezerman,
 L. F. Ilichov,
 F. V. Konstantínov,
 T A. Stepanián,
 V. P. Tugárinov,
 P. N. Fedoséiev,
 V. A. Fominá,
 G. P. Frántsev,
 D. I. Chesnokov.

Categorías del materialismo dialéctico, problema del sistema materialista de categorías y cuestiones filosóficas de la ciencia natural:

 E. V. Iliénkov,
 B. M. Kédrov,
 P. V. Kopnín,
 I. Kolman,
 I. V. Kuznétsov,
 V. I. Omelianovski,
 M. N. Rutkiévich,
 V. I. Svicliersk,
 E. P. Sitkovski,
 A. G. Spirkin,
 B. S. Ukraíntsev,
 V. P. Chertkov.

Investigación crítica de la filosofía burguesa:

 V. F. Asmus,
 M. P. Baskin,
 B. E. Bijovski,
 A. M. Deborin,
 M. A. Dynnik,
 M. T. Iovchuk,
 I. S. Kon,
 G. A. Kursánov,
 M. O. Makovielski,
 I. K. Melvil,
 M. B. Mitin,
 J. N. Momdzhian,
 I. S. Narski,
 T. I. Oizerman,
 O. V. Traitenberg,
 B. A. Chaguin,
 I. I. Shchipánov.

Moral comunista, ética marxista, lucha contra la supervivencia de criterios capitalistas en la conciencia y contra la religión:

 I. A. Levada,
 A. F. Shishkin y otros.

Problemas de la estética (tanto la burguesa como la socialista):

 I. B. Bórev,
 A. G. Yegórov,
  M. A. Lifschitz,
 M. F. Ovsiánnikov,
 Z. V. Smirnova,
 G. M. Friedländer.

Generalización de los resultados de la lógica matemática y de la semántica siguiendo un criterio materialista dialéctico:

 K. S. Bakradze,
 I. K. Voishvilo,
 D. P. Gorski,
 A. A. Zinóviev,
 P. S. Popov,
 P. V. Tavants,
 S. A. Yanóvskaya.

Análisis filosófico de la cibernética y cuestiones de la psicología:

 B. G. Ánaniev,
 A. N. Leóntiev,
 S. L. Rubinstein,
 B. M. Tieplov.

Véase también

 Filosofía en la Unión Soviética
Marxismo y la opresión de la mujer
 Instituto Marx-Engels

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Diccionario soviético de filosofía. Todos los artículos de sus cuatro ediciones en castellano, en el sitio web del Proyecto Filosofía en español.
 , por la Academia de Ciencias de la URSS.
 , por la Academia de Ciencias de la URSS.
 Diamat, por José María Laso Prieto.

Marxismo
Cultura de la Unión Soviética

Filosofía marxista soviética


Jaroslav Bílek (* 16. März 1971 in Vimperk) ist ein ehemaliger tschechoslowakischer Radrennfahrer.

Bilek war Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1992 in Barcelona. Im Mannschaftszeitfahren belegte der Vierer aus der Tschechoslowakei mit Jaroslav Bílek, Miroslav Lipták, Pavel Padrnos und František Trkal den 8. Platz. Bilek gewann 1993 die Friedensfahrt (die er viermal bestritt) und im Jahr darauf die Bergwertung sowohl der Niedersachsen- wie auch der Bayern-Rundfahrt.

1996 startete Jaroslav Bílek seine internationale Karriere bei der tschechischen Radsportmannschaft Tico. Die letzten vier Jahre seiner Laufbahn von 1998 bis 2001 fuhr er für die tschechische Radsportmannschaft Wüstenrot-ZVVZ, für die er 1999 die Gesamtwertung der Tour de Bohemia gewann.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Radsportler (Tschechoslowakei)
Radsportler (Tschechien)
Olympiateilnehmer (Tschechoslowakei)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1992
Tschechoslowake
Tscheche
Geboren 1971
Mann

Jaroslav Bílek


Lyngholmen est une île dans le landskap Sunnhordland du comté de Vestland. Elle appartient administrativement à Øygarden.

Géographie

Rocheuse et couverte d'une légère végétation à l'exception de sa pointe sud entièrement désertique, elle s'étend sur environ  de longueur pour une largeur approximative de .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des îles de Hordaland

Liens externes

 Fiche descriptive

Île de Vestland

Lyngholmen (Fjell)


Elrey Borge Jeppesen (født 28. januar 1907 i Lake Charles, Louisiana, død 26 november 1996 i Denver, Colorado) var en amerikansk flyvepioner og pilot ved United Airlines, som i 1934 i Salt Lake City startede produktion af sin lille sorte bog Pocket Airway Manual, populært kaldet Jeppesen Maps, som verdensomspændende bliver brugt af piloter. Hans forældre var indvandrere fra Danmark. Faderen var møbelsnedker.

Jeppesen Terminal i Denver International Airport er opkaldt efter ham.

Eksterne henvisninger
 1996 Captain Elrey Borge Jeppesen remembered (1)  - (2) - YouTube
 Capt. Jepp and the Little Black Book: How Barnstormer and Aviation Pioneer Elrey B. Jeppesen Made The Skies Safer for Everyone, af F. Whitlock, T.L. Barnhart (2007).
 New Book Marks Jeppesen's 100th Birthday  - airportjournals.com 1. feb. 2007
 The early adventures of Captain Jepp  - boeing.com
 Elrey Borge Jeppesen pathfinder  - dmairfield.com
 Elrey B. Jeppesen CAHS Honored in 1970  - coloradoaviationhistoricalsociety.org
 Elrey B. Jeppesen, Pilots' Friend, Dies at 89  - New York Times 28. nov. 1996
 Elrey Borge Jeppesen  - findagrave.com
 Elrey Jeppesen's life...  - Oregon Aviation Historical Society juli 2011
 Charting Jeppesen - artikel i Flying, jan. 1989
 Jeppesen - a Boeing Company - jeppesen.com

Dansk-amerikanere
Luftfartspionerer
Piloter fra USA
Personer fra Louisiana
Personer fra Colorado

Elrey Borge Jeppesen


الدورة 6 من بطولة العالم للعدو الريفي التي ينظمها الاتحاد الدولي لألعاب القوى، والتي أقيمت في مدينة غلاسكو باسكتلندا سنة 1978.

النتائج

سباقات العدو الطويل رجال

فردي

فرق

سباقات العدو للشباب فتيان

فردي

فرق

سباقات العدو الطويل نساء

فردي

فرق

أحداث مارس 1978 الرياضية في المملكة المتحدة
ألعاب القوى في 1978
العدو الريفي في المملكة المتحدة
بطولة العالم للعدو الريفي
رياضة إسكتلندية في 1978
غلاسكو في عقد 1970
منافسات ألعاب قوى دولية تستضيفها إسكتلندا
منافسات رياضية دولية تستضيفها غلاسكو

بطولة العالم للعدو الريفي 1978


Darwin Fabián Torres Alonso (n. José Pedro Varela, Uruguay; 16 de febrero de 1991) es un futbolista uruguayo. Juega de defensa central o lateral y su equipo actual es C. S. D. Municipal de la Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala.

Trayectoria
Su hermano Martín Torres también es futbolista, juega en Rocha Fútbol Club.

El Vampiro Torres, como se lo conoce, se desempeña como zaguero o lateral. Luego de un pasaje por el Club Atlético Fernandino, de la ciudad de Maldonado, tuvo la suerte de probarse en el club albo para luego quedar definitivamente en él.

El 29 de junio de 2021 fue anunciado como refuerzo del 9 de Octubre Fútbol Club de la Serie A de Ecuador. En esa temporada fue parte del equipo titular que clasificó a la Copa Sudamericana 2022, permaneció en el club hasta el final del torneo 2022.

El 11 de diciembre de 2022 firmó con Guayaquil City de Ecuador para la temporada 2023.

Estadísticas

Clubes
 Actualizado al último partido disputado el .

Palmarés

Campeonatos nacionales

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Entrevista a Fabián Torres - Todonacional.com.uy

Nacidos en José Pedro Varela
Futbolistas de Uruguay
Futbolistas del Club Nacional de Football en los años 2010
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Juventud de Las Piedras
Futbolistas del Racing Club de Montevideo
Futbolistas de los Cimarrones de Sonora
Futbolistas del Club Zacatepec
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Cerro
Futbolistas del Correcaminos de la UAT
Futbolistas del Montevideo Wanderers Fútbol Club
Futbolistas de la Asociación Deportiva Nueve de Octubre
Futbolistas del Guayaquil City Fútbol Club
Futbolistas del Club Social y Deportivo Municipal en los años 2020

Darwin Torres


Ad Quadratum es un método constructivo que relaciona la geometría con la arquitectura en un sistema de proporciones, concretamente es empleado en el diseño arquitectónico de estilos como el gótico y el empleado en el imperio romano. En el diseño de catedrales góticas y templos religiosos se empleaba como fundamento geométrico la figura del cuadrado para realizar la distribución de columnas, arcos y alturas de bóvedas. En el arte se empleó el sistema quadratum como un canon, un ejemplo se puede ver en el hombre de Vitruvio de Leonardo da Vinci, inserto en un sistema de proporciones ad quadratum y ad circulum. En la arquitectura este sistema es conocido gracias a los cuadernos de viajes de Villard de Honnecourt.

Características
En la arquitectura ad quadratum se entiende al cuadrado como unidad rectora y repetida. Empleado como fundamento de otras medidas obtenidas por proporcionalidad, es decir se aplica mediante cuadratura. La proporción  es mencionada por Platón en el Timeo. En este sistema la altura del edificio sería igual a su anchura. Para ello se puede comprobar cómo en el diseño de algunas catedrales la altura de la fábrica desde la base de nave, hasta la clave de la bóveda central, debía ser la misma que la luz de las cuatro naves inferiores. Ejemplos de ello son las catedrales españolas de Ávila, Burgos, Toledo y León.

Referencias

Véase también
 Ad triangulum - Un sistema de proporcionalidad fundamentado en la proporción
 La sección áurea es obtenida por Euclides transformando un cuadrado en el rectángulo áureo
 Raíz cuadrada de 2

Frases y citas latinas
Elementos de arquitectura gótica
Cuadriláteros

Ad quadratum


Tatlandırıcılar günlük yaşamda kullandığımız şekerin yerini almak üzere üretilen, aynı miktardaki şekerden daha tatlı olan ve daha az enerji içeren kimyasal maddelerdir. Kullanımlarının insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri hakkında olumlu ve olumsuz farklı görüşler vardır.

Çağlar boyunca zor bulunan bir madde olan şeker, son birkaç yüzyıl içinde kolay elde edilebilir olmuş ve insan beslenmesinin temel unsurlarından biri haline gelmiştir. İnsanlar tarafından çok sevilen şekerin kolay elde edilebilirliği, bol ve ölçüsüz tüketilmesine yol açarak, aşırı şeker kullanımı ile ilişkili rahatsızlıkların da görülme sıklıklarını arttırmıştır.

Tat alma zevkinden mahrum kalmaksızın şekerin insan bedeni üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinden kaçınmak gereksinimi, tatlandırıcıların günümüzde yoğun olarak kullanımları sonucunu beraberinde getirmiştir.

Genel bilgi
Genel olarak tatlandırıcıların ortak özelliği, kimyasal yapılarından dolayı dilde bulunan tat alma reseptörlerine bağlana bilmeleridir. Tatlılık derecesi ölçümlerinde kullanılan sayısal değerler %3 veya %4'lük sakkaroz çözeltisi baz alınarak yapılır. Örnek olarak Tatlılık derecesi 500 olarak belirtilen bir tatlandırıcının sakkaroz çizeltisinin 500 defa inceltilmesiyle eş değer oluğunu söylemektedir. Bunun yanı sıra Tatlandırıcının tatlılık derecesi ortam şartlarına bağlı olarak da değişiklikler göstermektedir, öreneğim sıcaklık ve pH-derecesi. Aynı zamanda farklı tatlandırıcıların beraber alınması daha farklı etkiler gösterebilmektedir. Acesulfame ve Aspartam beraber alınması çok daha yüksek bir derecede tatlılık derecesini algılanmasına yol açmaktadırlar. Genel itibarıyla besinlerde yapılan tatlandırma işlemi esnasında tatlı ileştirmek için yapısında Sakkaroz ihtiva eden maddeler kullanılmaktadır.

Tatladırıcı olarak kullanılan bazı şeker alkollerin kimyasal yapı förmülü ve kısaltmaları

Yoğun olarak kullanılan bazı tatlandırıcıların kimyasal yapı förmülü ve kısaltmaları

Kullanımı
Tatlandırıcılar, başlangıçta şeker hastalarının tatlandırma gereksiniminin giderilmesi için kullanılmış olmakla birlikte, günümüzde fazla kilolular, vücut şeklini korumaya çalışanlar ve şekerin diş sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinden korunmak isteyenler tarafından da yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadırlar. Önemli bazı doğal ve yapay tatlandırıcılar ve ağırlıkça aynı miktardaki sofra şekerine oranla tatlılıkları aşağıda verilmiştir.

Sağlık açısından riskleri

Besin maddelerinde tatlandırıcıların direkt ya da başka bir doğal tatlandırıcıyla kombinasyonlu bir şekilde kullanılmasının insan vücudu üzerindeki uzun süreli etkilerine dayalı çok az bilgi mevcuttur. Bu Maddelerin zararlı etkilerini üzerinde yapılan araştırmalar farklı sonuçlar ortaya koymuşlardır. Alman Beslenme Cemiyeti tarafından yapılan araştırmalara göre Kanser riskini artıran bir bulguya rastlanmamıştır. Yalnız başka bir araştırma sonucuna dayalı olarak yüksek oranda tatlandırıcı tüketimi testis kanseri riskini artırdığı ortaya koymuştur.

Alman Risk araştırma Merkezinin verilerine göre Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde kullanılması serbest olan Tatlandırıcıların sağlık açıdan zararları olmadığı ortaya konulmuştur, yalnız kullanımda belirli miktarlarının üzerine çıkılmadığı sürece. 2003'te yapılan değerlendirmelerde, tüketicilerin tekrarlanan sorularının büyük çoğunluğu tatlandırıcı olarak kullanılan bir madde olan aspartamın yan etkileri üzerinde yoğunlaşmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra Aspartamdan elde edilen aspartik asit, fenilalanin ve metanol birtakım istenmeyen etkilere sebep oldukları öne sürülmüştür. Örneğin baş ağrısı, alerji, beyin tümörü vb... Bu iddialar sonucunda yapılan araştırmalar yukarıda bahsi geçen yan etkiler ve tatlandırıcılar arasında bir ilişki kurulamamıştır. .

Tatlanırıcılar ve kanser riski arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak için Köln Üniversitesi kliniğinde 2001'de bir araştırma grubu kurulmuştur. Bunların yaptığı araştırmaların sonucunda aşağıdaki dört sonuca ulaşılmıştır.

 Fareler üzerinde yapılan araştırmalarda, sakkarinin yüksek dozda kullanılması testis kanserine yol açabileceği bulgularına rastlanmıştır. Bu da kemirgenlerin potasyum tuzlarıyla olan kendilerine has reaksiyonlarıyla açıklanmıştır.
 Sadece 2001 yılına kadar yapılmış tek bir araştırma, yüksek oranda (günde 1,68g) tatlandırıcı kullanılması insanlarda testis kanserine hafif sebep olabileceği ortaya konulmuştur. Bu da yüksek oranda Kahve tüketimi ya da idrar yollarındaki iltihaplanmalar sonucunda rahatça ulaşılabilen bir değerdir. Yalnız burada tatlandırıcıların ayrı ayrı etkisi ortaya konulamamıştır. Çünkü genellikle birden fazla tatlandırıcı bir arada kullanılmaktadır.
 Aspartamın kanserojen bir etkiye sahip olduğu ispatlanamamıştır.
 Acesulfame potasyum, Neotame, Alitam ve Sucralose gibi yeni nesil tatlandırıcılar üzerinde pek fazla bilgi toplanamamıştır. Çünkü kısa bir zaman önce kullanılmaya başlanmıştı.

1986'da İngiliz araştırmacıları J. E. Blundell und A. J. Hill tarafında bir magazin dergisi olan The Lancet dergisine verdikleri demeçte, yapmış oldukları araştırmalar sonucunda vardıkları sonuçları açıklamışlardır. Bu araştırmaya göre tatlandırıcıyla tatlanmış suyu içen deneklerin aynı miktarda saf suyu içen deneklere göre daha fazla açlık hisi duydukları görülmüştür. Bu araştırmadan sonra iştah ve tatlandırıcılar arasındaki bağlantıyı ortaya koymak için birçok araştırma yapılmıştır. Başka bir araştırmaya göre de sakız çiğnemenin iştah açıcı etkisini ortaya koymuştur.

Doğal ve yapay tatlandırıcılar
Doğal tatlandırıcı molekülleri benzerlerinin laboratuvarlarda yapay olarak sentezlenmesi ile elde edilen maddelerdir. Genellikle sıfır ya da sıfıra yakın miktarda kalori içerirler.

İnsan yapısının, gelişimi boyunca karşılaşmadığı bu tür kimyasal maddelere uzun dönemde nasıl tepki vereceğini her zaman doğru biçimde belirlemek mümkün olmadığından, bu türden yeni bir ürünün kullanıma sunulması için gerekli yasal izinlerin alınması çok zordur.
Yapay Tatlandırıcılar genellikle bitkilerden ayrıştırılan kimyasal maddelerdir. Bu maddelerden bazıları aynı ağırlıktaki şekerden daha tatlı oldukları halde daha az enerji içerdikleri için şeker yerine kullanılabilirler.

Kaynakça

Tatlandırıcı


ඕස්ට්‍රේලියා ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායම 2018 පෙබරවාරි මාසයේ සිට අප්‍රේල් මාසය දක්වා දකුණු අප්‍රිකාවේ සංචාරය කිරීමට නියමිතය. ඒ ටෙස්ට් තරග හතරක් ක්‍රීඩා කිරීමටය. මෙම සංචාරයේ ආරම්භයට පෙර දකුණු අප්‍රිකානු වේග පන්දු යවන ක්‍රීඩක මෝර්නි මෝකල් මෙම තරගාවලිය අවසානයේ ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් පිටියෙන් සමුගන්නා බව නිවේදනය කළේය. During the third Test, Morkel became the fifth bowler for South Africa to take 300 Test wickets.

තුන්වන ටෙස්ට් තරගය අතරතුර ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු ආරම්භක පිතිකරු කැමරන් බැන්ක්‍රොෆ්ට් පන්දුව පළුදු කිරීමේ වරදට අසුවිය. පන්දුව පළුදු කළ බව පිළිගැනීමෙන් අනතුරුව එල්ල වූ දැඩි පීඩනය හමුවේ ඔස්ට්‍රේලියානු කණ්ඩායමේ නායක ස්ටීව් ස්මිත් සහ උප නායක ඩේවිඩ් වෝනර් නායකත්වයෙන් සහ උප නායකත්වයෙන් ඉවත්විය. ඉන්පසුව කඩුලු රකින ක්‍රීඩක ටිම් පේන් ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු නායකත්වයට පත්විය.එමෙන්ම ස්‌ටීව් ස්මිත්ට වසරක තරග තහනමකුත්, බෑන්ක්‍රොෆ්ට් හට මාස 9ක තහනමකුත් හිමි විය. ඊට අනුබල දුන් ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ ක්‍රීඩක ඩේවිඩ් වෝනර් හට ද වසරක තරග තහනමක් හිමි විය.ඉන්පසුව ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු ප්‍රධාන පුහුණුකරු ඩැරන් ලේමන් සිය තනතුරෙන් ඉල්ලා අස්වන බව නිවේදනය කලේය.

දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව ටෙස්ට් තරගමාලාව 3–1 ක් ලෙස ජයග්‍රහණය කළේය. මෙය 1970 It was the first time that South Africa had beaten Australia at home.

ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායමේ දකුණු අප‍්‍රිකා සංචාරය 2018


«If I Had You» —español: «Si te tuviese»— es una canción interpretada por el cantante y exconcursante de American Idol Adam Lambert, perteneciente a su primer álbum de estudio For Your Entertainment. Fue escrita por Max Martin, Shellback y Savan Kotecha, y lanzada como tercer sencillo del cantante el 5 de mayo de 2010.

La canción tuvo una buena recepción comercial en distintas partes del mundo. En Australia, llegó al número cuatro, con lo que fue certificado como dos discos platino por sus 140 000 copias legales vendidas en el país. En Estados Unidos, alcanzó el puesto número treinta en el conteo Billboard Hot 100. Por otro lado, la canción también recibió comentarios positivos por parte de los críticos musicales. El vídeo musical fue dirigido por Bryan Barber, quien hasta entonces había dirigido vídeos para artistas como Christina Aguilera, Justin Timberlake y Kanye West. Adam interpretó la canción en distintos programas de televisión reconocidos a nivel internacional, entre ellos, la versión australiana del reality show The X Factor.

Antecedentes y composición
«If I Had You» se lanzó como el tercer sencillo del álbum For Your Entertainment el 5 de mayo de 2010. Fue compuesta por Max Martin, Shellback y Savan Kotecha, mientras que su producción musical estuvo a cargo de Max Martin, Shellback y Kristian Lundin. El ritmo de «If I Had You» es una mezcla entre pop rock y teen pop con sonidos de piano, guitarra eléctrica y breves golpes de tambor conforme avanza la canción. De acuerdo con la partitura publicada en Musicnotes, la canción tiene un tempo moderado con influencias techno y un ritmo acelerado de 132 pulsaciones por minuto. Se encuentra compuesta en la tonalidad sol mayor y el registro vocal del cantante se extiende desde la nota la♯3 hasta mi5.

Recepción

Comentarios de la crítica
Bill Lamb de About.com dio una crítica negativa a la canción calificándola con tres estrellas de cinco y comentando que «el verdadero regalo de Adam Lambert en la música pop desde sus días como un concursante de American Idol ha sido su capacidad para traer algo único para su público, lo que hace que sea mucho más lamentable a "If I Had You" es en última instancia, tan suave». Ann Manson de HubPages comentó acerca de la calidad vocal de la canción diciendo que: «La habilidad técnica de este hombre lo separa de sus pares y hace que te preguntes simplemente dónde te llevarán sus notas más agudas y largas».

Desempeño comercial
En Australia, debutó en la posición número treinta y cuatro de la lista Australian Singles Chart, en la semana del 4 de julio de 2010. Poco después, la canción fue ascendiendo posiciones hasta alcanzar el número cuatro, siendo esa su posición más alta en el conteo. En Estados Unidos, alcanzó el puesto número treinta en la lista Billboard Hot 100. No obstante, para agosto de 2011, ya había vendido 835 000 copias digitales en el país. En Hungría, llegó al número uno en las radios del país durante las semanas del 29 de noviembre de 2010 y 13 de diciembre del mismo año. Por otro lado, en Nueva Zelanda, debutó en la posición número treinta y ocho de la lista New Zealand Singles Chart, donde se mantuvo allí durante dos semanas. Tiempo después, la canción fue aumentando posiciones hasta llegar al número siete, marcando así su posición más alta alcanzada en la lista. Con ello, el sencillo se convirtió en el segundo mejor posicionado del cantante en dicho país, solo tras «Whataya Want from Me».

Promoción

Vídeo musical

La dirección del vídeo estuvo a cargo de Bryan Barber quien ha dirigido vídeos para artistas como Christina Aguilera, Justin Timberlake y Kanye West. Su estreno mundial se llevó a cabo el 14 de junio de 2010 en el canal de televisión musical Vh1. El vídeo comienza con Adam en una habitación, donde se sienta en un sofá y comienza a ver sus mensajes de Twitter en un iPad. En la siguiente escena, se ve al cantante caminando por un bosque lleno de neblina mientras va cantando la canción. Al llegar la noche, llega a una fiesta en medio del bosque, en donde se ven luces de neón volando por todos lados. Seguidamente, Adam se cambia de vestuario y comienza a hacer un concierto en el medio de la fiesta. Finalmente, el vídeo termina con Adam sonriendo a la cámara, la cual se aleja lentamente.

Presentaciones en vivo
El 19 de mayo de 2010, Adam interpretó la canción en el programa de televisión estadounidense The Ellen DeGeneres Show. Adam también cantó «If I Had You» en la Aol Sessions. El 21 de mayo de 2010, Adam también interpretó la canción en el programa The Tonight Show. El 19 de octubre de 2010, Adam interpretó la canción en la primera temporada de la versión australiana del programa de televisión The X Factor. La canción se interpretó en la gira Glam Nation Tour para promocionar su álbum debut For Your Entertainment.

Formatos y remezclas
 Descarga digital

Posicionamiento en listas

Semanales

Certificaciones

Anuales

Créditos y personal
 Composición: Max Martin, Shellback y Savan Kotecha.
 Producción: Max Martin, Shellback y Kristian Lundin.
 Instrumentación: Max Martin y Shellback.
 Grabación: Max Martin, Shellback y Brian Warwick.
 Mezclas: Serban Ghenea, John Hanes y Tim Roberts.

Fuente: Discogs.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 [www.adamofficial.com/us/home Página oficial de Adam Lambert] (en inglés).

Sencillos de Adam Lambert
Canciones de 2009
Sencillos de 2010
Canciones producidas por Max Martin
Canciones producidas por Shellback

If I Had You


Damernes linjeløb ved VM i landevejscykling 2018 blev afholdt den 29. september 2018. Løbet blev vundet af hollandske Anna van der Breggen.

Hold og ryttere

Danske ryttere
 Cecilie Uttrup Ludwig
 Pernille Mathiesen
 Amalie Dideriksen
 Emma Norsgaard Jørgensen
 Annika Langvad
 Caroline Bohé

Resultater

Eksterne henvisninger

Linjeløb (damer)

VM i landevejscykling 2018 – Linjeløb (damer)


O Edifício na Rua Bernardino Monteiro nº 18, em Santa Leopoldina, foi construído no final do século XIX pelo comerciante Sebastião Wolkart para sediar a primeira escola da cidade.
É um bem cultural tombado pelo Conselho Estadual de Cultura do Espírito Santo, por seu "valor patrimonial enquanto testemunho histórico do desenvolvimento da cidade, e arquitetônico, seja pelo caráter de sua expressão formal, seja por sua presença na paisagem urbana de Santa Leopoldina". Inscrição no Livro do Tombo Histórico sob o nº 32 a 68, folhas 4v a 7v.

Importância
No livro "Arquitetura: Patrimônio Cultural do Espírito Santo", publicado pela Secretaria de Cultura do Espírito Santo em 2009, comenta-se que o edifício está localizado próximo à ponte sobre o rio Santa Maria da Vitória, em meio ao verde. Sua descrição é: "O edifício, de planta retangular, possui um único pavimento erguido sobre porão elevado, e coberto por telhado em dois planos estruturados a partir de cumeeira paralela à fachada mais longa. Essa, seguindo o modelo tradicional, foi posicionada sobre a testada frontal, condição que reforça o impacto representado pelo volume edificado. As demais, ao contrário, apresentam-se livres dos limites do terreno, permitindo, de um lado, o posicionamento de entrada lateral, e de outro, a constituição de pequeno jardim. Uma novidade na cidade de Santa Leopoldina.". Além disso, o livro destaca a grande dimensão das suas janelas que contam com venezianas de madeira.

Tombamento
O edifício foi objeto de um tombamento de patrimônio cultural pelo Conselho Estadual de Cultura, de número 05, em 30 de julho de 1983, Inscr. nº 32 a 68, folhas 4v a 7v. O processo de tombamento inclui quase quarenta imóveis históricos de Santa Leopoldina. No ato de tombamento, é listada como proprietária a Cúria Metropolitana de Vitória.

O tombamento desse edifício e outros bens culturais de Santa Leopoldina foi principalmente decorrente da resolução número 01 de 1983, em que foram aprovadas normas sobre o tombamento de bens de domínio privado, pertencentes a pessoas naturais ou jurídicas, inclusive ordens ou instituições religiosas, e de domínio público, pertencentes ao Estado e Municípios, no Espírito Santo. Nessa norma foi estabelecido que, entre outros pontos:

 "O tombamento de bens se inicia por deliberação do CEC "ex-offício", ou por provocação do proprietário ou de qualquer pessoa, natural ou jurídica, e será precedido, obrigatoriamente, de processo", ponto 3;
 "Em se tratando de bem(s) pertencente(s) a particular(es), cujo tombamento tenha caráter compulsório, e aprovado o tombamento, o Presidente do CEC expedirá a notificação de que trata o artigo 5°. I do Decreto n° 636-N, de 28.02.75, ao interessado que terá o prazo de 15(quinze) dias, a contar do seu recebimento, para anuir ou impugnar o tombamento", ponto 12.

As resoluções tiveram como motivador a preservação histórico-cultural de Santa Leopoldina contra a especulação imobiliária, que levou à destruição de bens culturais à época.

Patrimônio histórico de Santa Leopoldina
Rua Bernardino Monteiro

Rua Bernardino Monteiro, 18


Kazancı Yokuşu, Ferhan Şensoy'un ilk kitabı (Nisan 1978).

Kitabın arka kapak yazısı:

Je M'en Fiche Bilader'den Haneler'den, kabareci yeteklerini sevgi ile izlediğim Ferhan Şensoy'un taze, sıcak, halkçı bir mizahı var. Yazgıdaşçıları imişçesine yansıttığı Kazancı Yokuşu'nun insancıklarını da bu külfetsiz anlatısı içinde bizlere sevdiriyor. Bu insancıklar nasıl ezildiklerinin tortusunu günlük yaşam sevinci içinde unutuyorlarsa, yazar da sanki onlardan biriymiş gibi toplumsal ukalalıklardan, yazarca bilgiçliklere yeltenmeden anlatısının tadını çıkara çıkara onlara ayna tutuyor. Sade onları konuşturduğu diyaloglar değil, kendi gözlemleri, algılamaları, söz dağarcığı, anlatışı, benzetileri ve yorumları bile argo. Öylesine onlardan. Yazımı bile onlarınki gibi yanlış kullanıyor. Bence üslubunu sevimli yapan da bu.

"Ben Ferhan Şensoy'un Kazancı Yokuşu'nu okurken zaman zaman Celine'i ya da San Antonio'yu okurken aldığım tada benzer haz duydum. Zaman zaman da Adnan Veli'nin Mapushane Çeşmesi'ndeki unutulmaz başarısını ansıdım." Haldun Taner

Mizah kitapları
Denemeler
1977 kitapları
Türkiye kitapları
Türkçe kitaplar
Ferhan Şensoy kitapları

Kazancı Yokuşu (deneme)


Gumbasta baterija ili gumbasta ćelija, vrsta baterije. Prenosiva je, mala i promjera većeg od visine. Namijenjena je za osobite svrhe kao što su slušna pomagala, satovi, mala prijenosna oprema, sigurnosno napajanje i slično.

Izvori

Baterije

Gumbasta baterija


The Metropolitan Cathedral Church of St George, usually known as St George's Cathedral, Southwark, is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark, south London, and is the seat of the Archbishop of Southwark.

The cathedral is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Province of Southwark which covers the Archdiocese of Southwark (all of London south of the River Thames including Kent and north Surrey) and the dioceses of Arundel and Brighton, Portsmouth, and Plymouth. It is the metropolitan cathedral of the Archbishop of Southwark. The building was erected in 1848 and reopened after extensive war damage in 1958. It is architecturally listed in the initial category of Grade II.

The cathedral is opposite the Imperial War Museum on Lambeth Road in London (on the corner with St George's Road). On Westminster Bridge Road, close by to the north, is its eponymous Primary School and the headquarters of CAFOD.

History

St George's was built in 1848, when it was opened by Bishop (later Cardinal) Wiseman. Previously, the local Catholic community had used a small chapel on London Road, also dedicated to St George, but the arrival of Irish immigrants in the area necessitated the construction of a larger house of worship. In 1852, following the restoration of the Catholic hierarchy, it became one of the first four Catholic churches in England and Wales (and the first in London) raised to cathedral status since the English Reformation. It was designed by Augustus Pugin, famous for his work with Charles Barry on the design of the rebuilt Houses of Parliament, in decorated Gothic, from yellow stock brick with Portland stone dressings. Pugin was the first person to be married in the church on 10 August 1848, to his third wife Jane.

St George's was restored and redecorated by the Scottish ecclesiastical architect Frederick Walters between 1888 and 1905.

In October 1920 St George's was the site of the funeral Mass of Irish nationalist Terence MacSwiney, Lord Mayor of Cork, who died on hunger strike in Brixton Prison. John Lavery painted a well-known painting of the funeral, which is in the collection of the Crawford Art Gallery in Cork.

The cathedral was badly bombed during the Second World War, following which the adjacent Amigo Hall served as the pro-cathedral. Within the external structure of Pugin's building, Romilly Craze designed a rebuilt 20th century Gothic revival cathedral, which was opened in 1958. The surviving elements of the bombed cathedral were the two chantries and the Blessed Sacrament Chapel, which had been designed by Pugin's son Edward in 1856.

Pugin's original design include taller towers and a spire. Neither when built nor when rebuilt was there sufficient funding, and these elements remain unrealised.

Since the reconstruction it has resumed its role as a focal point in the local community and has played host to many notable visitors, including the Dalai Lama (1998) and Pope John Paul II (1982), the latter being depicted in one of the cathedral's stained-glass windows by Goddard & Gibbs.

Features
Before the wartime damage, there were two organs, one by Willis and one by Bishop & Son. Both were destroyed. They were replaced by a 72 stop John Compton organ in 1958. The Compton organ has since been modified by both Ellis Scothon and by Whitwell Green.

Easter 2011 saw the partial restoration of the Compton organ and the installation in the chancel of the George Pace Choir Stalls, a gift from the Anglican St Alban's Cathedral. The cathedral has strong links with both the Paderborn Cathedral, North Rhine-Westphalia, which suffered bombing by the British in the Second World War, and Southwark Cathedral, the local Anglican cathedral.

The stained glass in the bombed cathedral was by the prolific stained glass artist William Wailes. In the rebuilt cathedral, the window above the West Door shows the Coronation of Mary as Queen of Heaven. The East Window depicts the Crucifixion and Saints of England and Wales. Both East and West windows are by Harry Clarke of Dublin; the stone tracery in the East Window is Pugin's.

A more recent feature is the installation of a cross by the Salvadoran artist Fernando Llort in 2013, as a national shrine to the murdered Archbishop of San Salvador Óscar Romero.

Choirs and music
The cathedral choirs have constantly performed at various events since 1848, and their performances have been broadcast on BBC Radio and TV, such as Christmas Midnight Mass in 2015 on BBC1.

Today
The cathedral is a working church for the community. For example, the Latin American community is served with a Spanish Mass every Sunday at 1pm, celebrated entirely in the Spanish language. Every Mass is attended by people of different ethnicities and ages, ranging from African to Asian to European. The Latin Mass Society of England and Wales have made several visits to the cathedral to celebrate both Low Mass and Solemn High Mass in the usus antiquior (older use) that Pope Benedict XVI's motu proprio Summorum Pontificum (2007) authorised as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite (the 1962 version of the Tridentine Mass).

The cathedral is located on a historic site close to the Imperial War Museum, and a few minutes' walk from London's South Bank and the Thames, Westminster Bridge, the London Eye, and landmarks such as St Thomas' Hospital and Waterloo station. Each summer it is used by London South Bank University for its graduation ceremonies. It is also frequently used for the convocations of the Academy of Saint Cecilia. The acoustics attract many orchestras and choirs to perform concerts in the nave, and the Whitehall Orchestra and Trinity College of Music are frequent visitors.

Gallery

See also

 Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers
 List of churches and cathedrals of London

References

External links

Roman Catholic churches completed in 1848
Cathedrals in London
Roman Catholic cathedrals in England
Roman Catholic churches in London
Saint George
Saint George
London South Bank University
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United Kingdom
Saint George
Augustus Pugin buildings
1848 establishments in the United Kingdom
Churches bombed by the Luftwaffe in London
1848 in London

St George's Cathedral, Southwark


إمبيريال  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة إمبيريال، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 12 يوليو، 1904.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لإمبيريال في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان إمبيريال 7,560 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 2,308 أسرة وعدد العائلات 1,910 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 2,385 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 58.53% من البيض و2.66% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.75% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و2.71% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.17% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و30.90% من الأعراق الأخرى و4.27% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و61.10% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 2,308 أسرة كانت نسبة 59% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 65.9% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 13% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك،  بينما كانت نسبة 3.8% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 17.2% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 14% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 5.2% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 3.26، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.60.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 29.9 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 35.3% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 7.8% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 33.8% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 16.6% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 6.1% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 96.8 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 91.5 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المدينة 49,451 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 53,053 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 37,373 دولارًا مقابل 27,778 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمدينة 16,538 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 8.9% من العائلات ونسبة 11.6% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 15.2% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 5.2% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان إمبيريال 14,758 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 4,405 أسرة وعدد العائلات 3,621 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 4,751 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 63% من البيض و2.24% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و1.04% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و2.51% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.09% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و25.63% من الأعراق الأخرى و5.48% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و74.85% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 4,405 أسرة كانت نسبة 55.9% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 60.6% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 15.8% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك،  بينما كانت نسبة 5.8% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 17.8% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 14.1% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 4.1% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 3.34، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.69.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 29.9 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 33.4% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 9.3% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 31.3% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 19.5% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 6.5% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 48.9% ذكور و51.1% إناث.

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لإمبيريال:
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أعلام
 رويس فريمان
 أندي رويز

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1904
تأسيسات سنة 1904 في كاليفورنيا
مدن في مقاطعة إمبيريال (كاليفورنيا)
مدن كاليفورنيا
مقاطعة إمبيريال (كاليفورنيا)
وادي إمبيريال

إمبيريال (كاليفورنيا)


Vladislav 2. (; ; ; ; ) (1. marts 1456, Krakow – 13. marts 1516, Buda) var konge af Bøhmen fra 1471 til 1516 og Ungarn fra 1490 til 1516.

Vladislav var søn af Kasimir 4., konge af Polen og storfyrste af Litauen, der tilhørte Huset Jagiello, og Elisabeth af Østrig, datter af Albrecht 2. af Tyskland, som også var konge af Bøhmen og Ungarn 1438-1439.

Vladislav blev kronet til konge af Bøhmen den 22. august 1471 og konge af Ungarn den 18. september 1490. Hans forgænger som konge af Ungarn, Matthias Corvinus, var også hans rival til tronen i Bøhmen.

Eksterne henvisninger

Huset Jagiello
Konger af Ungarn
Konger af Bøhmen
Konger af Kroatien

Vladislav 2. af Bøhmen og Ungarn


Edna Mae Durbin (December 4, 1921 – April 17, 2013), known professionally as Deanna Durbin, was a Canadian-born actress and singer, who moved to the USA with her family in infancy. She appeared in musical films in the 1930s and 1940s. With the technical skill and vocal range of a legitimate lyric soprano, she performed many styles from popular standards to operatic arias.

Durbin was a child actress who made her first film appearance with Judy Garland in Every Sunday (1936), and subsequently signed a contract with Universal Studios. She achieved success as the ideal teenaged daughter in films such as Three Smart Girls (1936), One Hundred Men and a Girl (1937), and It Started with Eve (1941). Her work was credited with saving the studio from bankruptcy, and led to Durbin being awarded the Academy Juvenile Award in 1938.

As she matured, Durbin grew dissatisfied with the girl-next-door roles assigned to her and attempted to move into sophisticated non-musical roles with film noir Christmas Holiday (1944) and the whodunit Lady on a Train (1945). These films, produced by frequent collaborator and second husband Felix Jackson, were not as successful; she continued in musical roles until her retirement. Upon her retirement and divorce from Jackson in 1949, Durbin married producer-director Charles Henri David and moved to a farmhouse near Paris. She withdrew from public life, granting only one interview on her career in 1983.

Early life
Edna Mae Durbin was born on December 4, 1921, at Grace Hospital in Winnipeg, the younger daughter of James Allen Durbin and his wife Ada (née Read) Durbin, who were originally from Chester, England. She had one older sister, Edith (later Mrs. Heckman, born in England, died in California). When she was an infant, her family moved from Winnipeg to Southern California, and the family became United States citizens in 1923. At the age of one, Edna Mae was singing children's songs. By the time she was 10, her parents recognized that she had definite talent and enrolled her in voice lessons at the Ralph Thomas Academy. Durbin soon became Thomas's prize pupil, and he showcased her talent at various local clubs and churches.

Career and life

1935–1941: Early career
In early 1935, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was planning a biographical film on the life of opera star Ernestine Schumann-Heink and was having difficulty finding an actress to play the young opera singer. MGM casting director Rufus LeMaire heard about a talented young soloist performing with the Ralph Thomas Academy and called her in for an audition. Durbin sang "Il Bacio" for the studio's vocal coach, who was stunned by her "mature soprano" voice. She sang the number again for Louis B. Mayer, who signed her to a six-month contract. She made her first film appearance in the short Every Sunday (1936) with Judy Garland, another teenage singer-actress whose career would rival Durbin's. The film was intended as a demonstration of their talent as performers as studio executives had questioned the wisdom of casting two female singers together. Louis B. Mayer decided to sign both, but by then, Durbin's contract option had lapsed.

Universal Pictures producer Joe Pasternak wished to borrow Garland from MGM, but she was unavailable. When Pasternak learned that Durbin was no longer with MGM, he instead cast her in the film. At 14 years old, Durbin signed with Universal, giving her the professional name Deanna. Her first feature-length film, Three Smart Girls (1936), was a success and established Durbin as a young star. With Pasternak producing for Universal, Durbin starred in a succession of successful musical films, including One Hundred Men and a Girl (1937), Mad About Music (1938), That Certain Age (1938), Three Smart Girls Grow Up (1939), and First Love (1939)—most of which were directed by Henry Koster.

Durbin also continued to pursue singing projects. In 1936, she auditioned to provide the vocals for Snow White in Disney's animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, but was rejected by Walt Disney, who said the 15-year-old Durbin's voice was "too old" for the part. That same year, Cesar Sturani, the general music secretary of the Metropolitan Opera, offered Durbin an audition. She turned down his offer because she felt she needed more singing lessons. Andrés de Segurola, who was the vocal coach working with Universal Studios—himself a former Metropolitan Opera singer—believed that Durbin was a potential opera star. De Segurola was commissioned to advise the Metropolitan Opera on her progress. Also in 1936, Durbin began a radio collaboration with Eddie Cantor which lasted until 1938, when her heavy workload for Universal forced her to quit her weekly appearances.

The success of Durbin's films was reported to have saved Universal from bankruptcy. In 1938, she received an Academy Juvenile Award with Mickey Rooney. Producer Joe Pasternak said: Durbin continued her success with It's a Date (1940), Spring Parade (1940), and Nice Girl? (1941).

1941–1945: Attempts to expand

In 1941, Durbin starred in It Started with Eve (1941), her last film with Pasternak and director Henry Koster. Pasternak moved from Universal to MGM. Universal announced Durbin was to star in They Lived Alone, scheduled to be directed by Koster. However, Durbin was unhappy by the role, and that Universal had not given support to the career of her first husband assistant director Vaughn Paul, whom she had married in April 1941. Durbin turned down the role, and was suspended by the studio from October 16, 1941, to early February 1942. In late January 1942, Durbin and Universal settled their differences, with the studio conceding to Durbin the approval of her directors, stories, and songs.

Wishing to move into more sophisticated material, They Lived Alone was retooled into The Amazing Mrs. Holliday (1943), the World War II story of refugee children from China. The film was initially conceived without musical numbers, but Durbin finally relented to Universal's demand to include some. Durbin was also able to retool her second sequel to Three Smart Girls from Three Smart Girls Grow Up to Hers to Hold (1943), revolving solely around her character. Her co-star Joseph Cotten would later speak highly of her integrity and character. Durbin also dabbled in other genres, such as the romantic comedy His Butler's Sister (1943) and the musical Western Can't Help Singing (1944), her only Technicolor film, which was produced on location in southern Utah and co-starred Robert Paige. The film featured some of the last melodies written by Jerome Kern.

Durbin continued her push to establish herself as a more dramatic actress with the film noir Christmas Holiday (1944), directed by Robert Siodmak and co-starring Gene Kelly. Siodmark praised Durbin's acting skills, but later recalled she was difficult as "she wanted to play a new part but flinched from looking like a tramp: she always wanted to look like nice wholesome Deanna Durbin pretending to be a tramp." Although the film received mixed reviews, Durbin later called it her "only really good film". The whodunit Lady on a Train (1945) also received mixed critical reviews. Most of these films had been produced by Felix Jackson, whom she married in August 1945; they welcomed their daughter, Jessica Louise, in February 1946.

1946–1949: Decline and retirement

In 1946, Durbin was the second-highest-paid woman in the United States, just behind Bette Davis,; her fan club ranked as the world's largest during her active years. However, while her adult dramatic roles may have been more satisfying for Durbin, it was clear her fans preferred her in light musical confections.

In 1946, Universal merged with two other companies to create Universal-International. The new regime discontinued much of Universal's familiar product and scheduled only a few musicals. Jackson left Universal in November 1946; he also left Durbin in January 1947, although their separation was not announced until the following year.

Durbin's final four pictures — I'll Be Yours (1947), Something in the Wind (1947), Up in Central Park (1948), and For the Love of Mary (1948) — all reverted to her previous musical-comedy structure. On August 22, 1948, Universal-International announced a lawsuit which sought to collect wages the studio had paid Durbin in advance. Durbin settled the complaint by agreeing to star in three more pictures, including one in Paris; this did not materialize before Durbin's contract expired. She received a $200,000 ($ in )  severance payment.

1949–2013: Retirement

Unsatisfied by her career options, Durbin chose to retire and move to Paris. When her former producer Joe Pasternak tried to dissuade her, she told him, "I can't run around being a Little Miss Fix-It who bursts into song—the highest-paid star with the poorest material." In September 1949, Durbin filed for divorce from Jackson, which was finalized in November.

On December 21, 1950, Durbin married French director-producer Charles Henri David, who had previously directed her in Lady on a Train. Durbin and David raised a son, Peter David (born in June 1951), as well as Durbin's daughter Jessica, on a farm outside of Paris. Durbin turned down several offers for a comeback, including a Broadway role as Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady; she later said, "I had my ticket for Paris in my pocket." In 1951, she was invited to play in London's West End production of Kiss Me, Kate, and in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film version of the same in 1953, and Sigmund Romberg's operetta The Student Prince in 1954.

In 1983, film historian David Shipman was granted a rare interview by Durbin. Durbin acknowledged her dislike of the Hollywood studio system, emphasizing that she never identified herself with the public image that the media created around her. She spoke of the Deanna "persona" in the third person, and considered the film character "Deanna Durbin" to be a byproduct of her youth and not her true identity. In private life, Durbin had continued to use her given name, Edna; salary figures printed annually by the Hollywood trade publications listed the actress as "Edna Mae Durbin, player". Also in the interview, she steadfastly asserted her right to privacy, something she maintained until the end of her life, declining to be profiled on websites.

Durbin's husband of almost 50 years, Charles David, died in Paris on March 1, 1999. On April 30, 2013, a newsletter published by the Deanna Durbin Society reported that Durbin had died "in the past few days", quoting her son, Peter H. David, who thanked her admirers for respecting her privacy. No other details were given. According to the Social Security Death Index (under the name Edna M. David), she died on April 17, 2013 in the 19th arrondissement of Paris.

Legacy
Deanna Durbin has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1722 Vine Street. She left her hand and footprints in front of the Grauman's Chinese Theatre on February 7, 1938. Durbin was well known in Winnipeg, Manitoba (her place of birth), as "Winnipeg's Golden Girl" (a reference to one of the city's most famous landmarks, the statue Golden Boy atop the Manitoba Legislative Building).

Frank Tashlin's Warner Bros. cartoon The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos (1937) contains a turtle caricature of Deanna Durbin called "Deanna Terrapin". An unnamed caricature of Durbin also appeared in the Warner Brother's cartoon "Malibu Beach Party" (1940).

Durbin figures prominently in the 1963 Ray Bradbury short story "The Anthem Sprinters" (collected in The Machineries of Joy). Durbin's singing is featured in Alistair MacLean's 1955 novel HMS Ulysses, being broadcast over the wartime ship's internal communication system. She was also referenced in Richard Brautigan's novel Trout Fishing in America (1967), when the narrator claims to have seen one of her movies seven times, but cannot recall which one. She is also mentioned by the character Hatsumi in Haruki Murakami's novel Norwegian Wood (in chapter 8), when she says that her grandfather used to brag that he had met Durbin one time in New York.

In song, Durbin's name found its way into the introduction to a song written by satirical writer Tom Lehrer in 1965. Prior to singing "Whatever Became of Hubert?", Lehrer said that Vice President Hubert Humphrey had been relegated to "those where-are-they-now columns: Whatever became of Deanna Durbin, and Hubert Humphrey, and so on." She is also referenced in the Glenn Miller WWII novelty song "Peggy the Pin-up Girl". Interestingly, the lyrics pair her name with her first co-star Judy Garland: "Even a voice that's so disturbin' / Like Judy Garland or Miss Durbin / Can't compare to my pin-up queen". In Philippe Mora's film The Return of Captain Invincible (1983), Christopher Lee sings a song called "Name Your Poison", written by Richard O'Brien and Richard Hartley, which has the line, "Think of young Deanna Durbin / And how she sang on rum and bourbon."

Anne Frank was a fan of Durbin, and pasted two photos of her on the wall in the family's hideout; the photos are still on the wall today. Winston Churchill was also a fan of Durbin, screening her films "on celebratory wartime occasions". Russian cellist/conductor Mstislav Rostropovich cites Durbin in the mid-1980s as one of his most important musical influences, stating: "She helped me in my discovery of myself. You have no idea of the smelly old movie houses I patronized to see Deanna Durbin. I tried to create the very best in my music, to try to recreate, to approach her purity." Indian-Bengali film director Satyajit Ray, in his acceptance speech for an Oscar (Honorary – Lifetime Achievement) in 1992, mentioned Deanna Durbin as the only one of the three cinema personalities he recalled writing to when young who had acknowledged his fan letter with a reply. (The other two were Ginger Rogers and Billy Wilder.)

Filmography

Box office ranking

1938 – 15th (US), 6th (UK)
1939 – 12th (US), 1st (UK)
1940 – 12th (US), 2nd (UK)
1941 – 24th (US), 2nd (UK)
1942 – 4th (UK)
1944 – 25th (US), 4th (UK)

Discography
Between December 15, 1936, and July 22, 1947, Deanna Durbin recorded 50 tunes for Decca Records. While often re-creating her movie songs for commercial release, Durbin also covered independent standards, like "Kiss Me Again", "My Hero", "Annie Laurie", "Poor Butterfly", "Love's Old Sweet Song" and "God Bless America".

 "Alice Blue Gown"
 "Alleluia" (from 100 Men and a Girl)
 "Always" (from Christmas Holiday)
 "Adeste Fideles"
 "Amapola" (from First Love)
 "Annie Laurie"
 "Any Moment Now" (from Can't Help Singing)
 "Ave Maria" (from Mad About Music)
 "Ave Maria" (from It's a Date)
 "Be a Good Scout" (from That Certain Age)
 "Because" (from Three Smart Girls Grow Up)
 "Begin the Beguine" (from Hers to Hold)
 "Beneath the Lights of Home" (from Nice Girl)
 "The Blue Danube" (from Spring Parade)
 "Brahms' Lullaby" (from I'll Be Yours)
 "Brindisi" ("Libiamo ne' lieti calici)" (from 100 Men and a Girl)
 "Californ-I-Ay"
 "Can't Help Singing" (from Can't Help Singing)
 "Carmena Waltz"
 "Chapel Bells" (from Mad About Music)
 "Cielito Lindo" ("Beautiful Heaven)"
 "Ciribiribin"
 "Clavelitos" (from It Started with Eve)
 "Danny Boy" (from Because of Him)
 "Embraceable You"
 "Every Sunday" (with Judy Garland)
 "Filles de Cadiz" ("The Maids of Cadiz") (from That Certain Age)
 "Gimme a Little Kiss, Will Ya, Huh?" (from Lady on a Train)
 "God Bless America"
 "Goin' Home" (from It Started With Eve)
 "Goodbye" (from Because of Him)
 "Granada" (from I'll Be Yours)
 "A Heart That's Free" (from 100 Men and a Girl)
 "Home! Sweet Home!" (from First Love)
 "Il Bacio" ("The Kiss") (from Three Smart Girls)
 "I'll Follow My Sweet Heart"
 "I'll Take You Home Again Kathleen" (from For the Love of Mary)
 "I'll See You In My Dreams"
 "I Love to Whistle" (from Mad About Music)
 "(I'm) Happy Go Lucky and Free" (from Something in the Wind)
 "(I'm) Happy Go Lucky and Free" (from Something in the Wind)
 "In the Spirit of the Moment" (from His Butler's Sister)
 "Italian Street Song"
 "It's a Big Wide Wonderful World" (from For the Love of Mary)
 "It's Dreamtime" (from I'll Be Yours)
 "It's Foolish But It's Fun" (from Spring Parade)
 "It's Only Love" (from Something In The Wind)
 "It's Raining Sunbeams" (from 100 Men and a Girl)
 "Invitation to the Dance" (from Three Smart Girls Grow Up)
 "Je Veux Vivre" ( Roméo et Juliette) (from That Certain Age)
 "Kiss Me Again"
 "La Estrellita" ("Little Star)"
 "Largo al factotum" (The Barber of Seville) (from For the Love of Mary)
 "The Last Rose of Summer" (from Three Smart Girls Grow Up)
 "Loch Lomond" (from It's a Date)
 "Love at Last" (from Nice Girl)
 "Love is All" (from It's a Date)
 "Lover" (from Because of Him)
 "Love's Old Sweet Song"
 "Make Believe"
 "Mighty Like a Rose" (from The Amazing Mrs. Halliday")
 "Molly Malone"
 "More and More" (from Can't Help Singing)
 "More and More/Can't Help Singing" (from Can't Help Singing)
 "Musetta's Waltz" (La bohème) (from It's a Date)
 "My Heart is Singing" (from Three Smart Girls Grow Up)
 "My Hero"
 "My Own" (from That Certain Age)
 "Nessun dorma" (Turandot) (from His Butler's Sister)
 "Never in a Million Years/ Make Believe"
 "Night and Day" (from Lady on a Train)
 "O Come, All Ye Faithful"
 "Old Folks at Home" (from Nice Girl)
 "The Old Refrain" (from The Amazing Mrs. Holiday)
 "On Moonlight Bay" (from For the Love of Mary)
 "One Fine Day" (Madama Butterfly) (from First Love)
 "One Night of Love"
 "Pace, Pace, Mio Dio" (La forza del destino) (from Up In Central Park)
 "Pale Hands I Loved" (Kashmiri Song) (from Hers to Hold)
 "Perhaps" (from Nice Girl)
 "Poor Butterfly"
 "The Prince"
 "Russian Medley" (from His Butler's Sister)
 "Sari Waltz (Love's Own Sweet Song)" (from I'll Be Yours)
 "Say a Pray'r for the Boys Over There" (from Hers to Hold)
 "Seal It With a Kiss"
 "Seguidilla (Carmen) (from Hers to Hold)
 "Serenade to the Stars" (from Mad About Music)
 "Silent Night" (from Lady on a Train)
 "Someone to Care for Me" (from Three Smart Girls)
 "Something in the Wind" (from Something in the Wind)
 "Spring in My Heart" (from First Love)
 "Spring Will Be a Little Late This Year" (from Christmas Holiday)
 "Swanee – Old Folks at Home" (from Nice Girl)
 "Summertime" (Porgy and Bess)
 "Sweetheart"
 "Thank You America" (from Nice Girl)
 "There'll Always Be An England" (from Nice Girl)
 "The Turntable Song" (from Something in the Wind)
 "Two Guitars" (from His Butler's Sister)
 "Two Hearts"
 "Un bel dì vedremo" (Madama Butterfly) (from First Love)
 "Viennese Waltz" (from For The Love Of Mary)
 "Vissi d'arte (Tosca) (from The Amazing Mrs. Holiday)
 "Waltzing in the Clouds" (from Spring Parade)
 "When April Sings" (from Spring Parade)
 "When I Sing" (from It Started with Eve)
 "When the Roses Bloom Again"
 "When You're Away" (from His Butler's Sister)
 "You Wanna Keep Your Baby Looking Nice, Don't You" (from Something in the Wind)
 "You're as Pretty as a Picture" (from That Certain Age)

Radio appearances

See also
 Academy Juvenile Award
 List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees

References

External links

Deanna Durbin at the Internet Archive – Includes audio of her singing many of her songs.
The Deanna Durbin Showcase

 – The opening scene of Something in the Wind – "The Turntable Song"
 w. Frank Lebby Stanton m. Ethelbert Nevin (see also "Mighty Lak' a Rose")
Photographs of Deanna Durbin
Deanna Durbin Devotees

1921 births
2013 deaths
20th-century Canadian actresses
Academy Juvenile Award winners
Actresses from Winnipeg
Canadian expatriates in France
Canadian film actresses
Canadian people of English descent
Canadian sopranos
Decca Records artists
Illeists
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
Musicians from Winnipeg
Opera crossover singers
Canadian women pop singers
Canadian expatriate actresses in the United States
20th-century Canadian women singers
Universal Pictures contract players

Deanna Durbin


In physics, atomic spectroscopy is the study of the electromagnetic radiation absorbed and emitted by atoms. Since unique elements have unique emission spectra, atomic spectroscopy is applied for determination of elemental compositions. It can be divided by atomization source or by the type of spectroscopy used.  In the latter case, the main division is between optical and mass spectrometry.  Mass spectrometry generally gives significantly better analytical performance, but is also significantly more complex.  This complexity translates into higher purchase costs, higher operational costs, more operator training, and a greater number of components that can potentially fail.  Because optical spectroscopy is often less expensive and has performance adequate for many tasks, it is far more common. Atomic absorption spectrometers are one of the most commonly sold and used analytical devices.

Atomic spectroscopy
Electrons exist in energy levels (i.e. atomic orbitals) within an atom.  Atomic orbitals are quantized, meaning they exist as defined values instead of being continuous (see: atomic orbitals). Electrons may move between orbitals, but in doing so they must absorb or emit energy equal to the energy difference between their atom's specific quantized orbital energy levels.  In optical spectroscopy, energy absorbed to move an electron to a higher energy level (higher orbital) and/or the energy emitted as the electron moves to a lower energy level is absorbed or emitted in the form of photons (light particles).  Because each element has a unique number of electrons, an atom will absorb/release energy in a pattern unique to its elemental identity (e.g. Ca, Na, etc.) and thus will absorb/emit photons in a correspondingly unique pattern.  The type of atoms present in a sample, or the amount of atoms present in a sample can be deduced from measuring these changes in light wavelength and light intensity.

Atomic spectroscopy is further divided into atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic emission spectroscopy. In atomic absorption spectroscopy, light of a predetermined wavelength is passed through a collection of atoms.  If the wavelength of the source light has energy corresponding to the energy difference between two energy levels in the atoms, a portion of the light will be absorbed.  The difference between the intensity of the light emitted from the source (e.g., lamp) and the light collected by the detector yields an absorbance value. This absorbance value can then be used to determine the concentration of a given element (or atoms) within the sample.  The relationship between the concentration of atoms, the distance the light travels through the collection of atoms, and the portion of the light absorbed is given by the Beer–Lambert law. In atomic emission spectroscopy, the intensity of the emitted light is directly proportional to the concentration of atoms.

Ion and atom sources
Sources can be adapted in many ways, but the lists below give the general uses of a number of sources.  Of these, flames are the most common due to their low cost and their simplicity.  Although significantly less common, inductively-coupled plasmas, especially when used with mass spectrometers, are recognized for their outstanding analytical performance and their versatility.

For all atomic spectroscopy, a sample must be vaporized and atomized.  For atomic mass spectrometry, a sample must also be ionized.  Vaporization, atomization, and ionization are often, but not always, accomplished with a single source.  Alternatively, one source may be used to vaporize a sample while another is used to atomize (and possibly ionize).  An example of this is laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, where a laser is used to vaporize a solid sample and an inductively-coupled plasma is used to atomize the vapor.

With the exception of flames and graphite furnaces, which are most commonly used for atomic absorption spectroscopy, most sources are used for atomic emission spectroscopy.

Liquid-sampling sources include flames and sparks (atom source), inductively-coupled plasma (atom and ion source), graphite furnace (atom source), microwave plasma (atom and ion source), and direct-current plasma (atom and ion source). Solid-sampling sources include lasers (atom and vapor source), glow discharge (atom and ion source), arc (atom and ion source), spark (atom and ion source), and graphite furnace (atom and vapor source). Gas-sampling sources include flame (atom source), inductively-coupled plasma (atom and ion source), microwave plasma (atom and ion source), direct-current plasma (atom and ion source), and glow discharge (atom and ion source).

See also
Cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopy
Atomic spectral line

External links

 Prospects in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry – tendencies in five main branches of atomic spectrometry (absorption, emission, mass, fluorescence and ionization spectrometry)
 Learning by Simulations – various atomic absorption and emission spectra
 Atomic Spectroscopy: A Compendium of Basic Ideas, Notation, Data, and Formulas

Spectroscopy

Atomic spectroscopy


La crisis del Sputnik es el nombre dado a la reacción estadounidense al éxito del programa soviético Sputnik. Fue un elemento clave durante la Guerra Fría que comenzó el 4 de octubre de 1957, cuando la Unión Soviética lanzó el Sputnik 1, que fue el primer satélite artificial de la Historia humana.

Los Estados Unidos se consideraban como potencia mundial en tecnología espacial y el desarrollo de misiles. Sin embargo, el lanzamiento del Sputnik I y el hecho de que uno de los dos primeros intentos de lanzamiento fracasase, sacudió la opinión pública estadounidense. Se produjo por consiguiente una crisis, llamada la "crisis del Sputnik", debido a la inminente amenaza de la Unión Soviética. El lanzamiento de Sputnik 1 generó una reacción de crisis en periódicos nacionales como el New York Times, que mencionaba el satélite en 279 artículos entre el 6 de octubre de 1957 y el 31 de octubre de 1957 (más de 11 artículos por día).

Durante la Guerra Fría, fue creciendo en Estados Unidos un sentimiento de temor sobre las posibilidades en intenciones de la Unión Soviética. Una vez que se demostró que la Unión Soviética estaba colocando satélites en órbita, dicha preocupación aumentó considerablemente, dado que la tecnología para colocar satélites en órbita permitía también la posibilidad de lanzar ojivas nucleares a distancias intercontinentales.

Este acontecimiento impulsó la Carrera espacial que condujo al lanzamiento del primer ser humano al espacio y al aterrizaje del primer hombre en la luna (1969) mediante el Programa Apolo.

La respuesta de los Estados Unidos

La Crisis del Sputnik condujo a los Estados Unidos a una serie de medidas, principalmente iniciadas por el Departamento de Defensa:

 Cálculo de la órbita del Sputnik en los siguientes dos días (trabajo realizado por el departamento de Astronomía de la Universidad de Illinois en Urbana-Champaign en conjunción con Donald B. Gillies).
 Incremento en esfuerzos del proyecto de la Marina llamado "Proyecto Vanguard" para el lanzamiento de satélites estadounidenses para ser puestos en órbita terrestre. Recuperando el proyecto Explorer del ejército estadounidense para colocar un satélite en órbita el 31 de enero de 1958.
 En febrero de 1958, la comunidad política y científica reconoció la necesidad de un Departamento de alto nivel para la organización y ejecución de proyectos de Investigación y Desarrollo por lo que se creó el ARPA "Advanced Research Projects Agency", que más tarde se convertiría en el DARPA "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency".
 El 29 de julio de 1958, el presidente Eisenhower aprobó el "National Aeronautics and Space Act", creando la NASA.
 Se iniciaron programas educativos para la consecución de una nueva generación de ingenieros.
 Incremento en las ayudas para la investigación científica.
 Creación del programa de misiles Polaris.
 El área de gestión de proyectos experimentó un gran avance para la gestión y organización de proyectos de alta complejidad. El concepto de gestión de proyectos y los modelos de estandarización de proyectos como el análisis PERT fueron inventados para el programa Polaris.
 Decisión del presidente John F. Kennedy de desarrollar 1000 misiles LGM-30 Minuteman.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Books

Other online resources

Guerra Fría
Programa Sputnik

Crisis del Sputnik


Crkva i samostan sv. Nikole u Komiži katolička je crkva u gradu Komiži i zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Nekadašnji benediktinski samostan s crkvom sv. Nikole i romaničkim fortifikacijama izgrađen je u 13.st. iznad Komiže, na brežuljku koji dominira komiškim zaljevom. U 16. i 17. st. crkva je dograđena i barokizirana, a cijeli je sklop utvrđen bastionom. U interijeru peterobrodne crkve nastale povezivanjem bočnih kapela ističu se drveni i mramorni oltari, a posebice su očuvane nadgrobne ploče. Kasnobarokni zvonik koji nadvisuje glavno pročelje sagrađen je na romaničkoj kuli. Crkva je građena fino obrađenim bijelim klesancima, dok je barokna utvrda iz pravilnih klesanih blokova crvenkastog konglomerata – breče.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-5861 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene sakralne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Katoličke crkve u Komiži
Komiža

Crkva i samostan sv. Nikole u Komiži


Les  sont une famille éteinte et fossile de l'ordre éteint des Prosomatifera, de la classe des Chitinozoa, un groupe aujourd'hui disparu de microfossiles marins à paroi organique (palynomorphes) d'affinité biologique incertaine.

Liste des genres
Selon  :

 Acanthochitina Eisenack, 1931
 Belonechitina Jansonius, 1964
 Conochitina Eisenack, 1931
 Eremochitina Taugourdeau & Jekhowsky, 1960
 Hercochitina Jansonius, 1964
 Jenkinochitina Paris, 1981
 Laufeldochitina Paris, 1981
 Pistillachitina Taugourdeau, 1966
 Pogonochitina Taugourdeau, 1961
 Rhabdochitina Eisenack, 1931
 Siphonochitina Jenkins, 1967
 Spathachitina da Costa, 1970
 Spinachitina Schallreuter, 1963
 Tanuchitina Jansonius, 1964
 Velatachitina Poumot, 1968

Bibliographie

  Sreepat Jain, Fundamentals of Invertebrate Palaeontology: Microfossils, Springer Nature, 12 décembre 2019 - 323 pages, description à la page 19.

Publication originale
  A. Eisenack, « Neue Mikrofossilien des baltischen Silurs », Naturwissenschaften, 1931, , , , .

Liens externes

Notes et références

Références taxonomiques

Références

Chitinozoa
Famille d'animaux préhistoriques (nom scientifique)
Taxon fossile décrit en 1931

Conochitinidae


ප්‍රජාපතී ගෝතමී (මහා ප්‍රජාපතී ගෝතමී) දේවිය යනු සිද්ධාර්ථ කුමාරයාගේ සුලු මව විය. ඇයගේ මව කච්චානා දේවිය වූ අතර පියා සිංහහානු රජු විය. ඇයට මහාමායා (මයා) නම් එක් සහෝදරියක් විය.

සිද්ධාර්ථ කුමාරයා ඉපිද දින කීපයකින් මව වූ මහාමායා දේවිය කලුරිය කල අතර ඉන් පසු මහා ප්‍රජාපතී ගෝතමී දේවිය සුද්ධෝදන රජුතුමාගේ අග මෙහෙසිය බවට පත්විය. ඇයට නන්ද නම් පුතෙකු හා සුන්දරී නන්දා නම් දියණියක වූවාය.සිද්ධාර්ථ ,නන්ද ,සුන්දරී නන්දා ,රාහුල සහ යශෝධරා මේ සියලු දෙනාට මහ ප්‍රජාපතී ගෝතමීය එකසේ ආදර සැලකිලි දැක්විය.

බුදුන් වහන්සේ බුදුවී පළමු වරට කිඹුල්වත් පුරයට පැමිණ සුද්ධෝදන රජුට කල දේශනා අසා මහා ප්‍රජාපතී ගෝතමී දේවිය සෝවාන් වූවාය. බුදු සසුනේ මෙහෙණි සසුන ආරම්භ කිරිම සඳහා ඇය මූලික වී ක්‍රියා කල අතර පසුව ආනන්ද හිමියන්ගේ සහයෙන් භික්ෂුණි සාසනය ආරම්භ කරන ලදී. ඒ සමඟම ඇයද පැවිදි වී රහත් බව ලැබුවාය. බුදුන් වහන්සේ පසුව මහ ප්‍රජාපතී ගෝතමී රහත් මෙහෙණින් වහන්සේ හට අත්දැකීම් බහුල භික්ෂුණියන් අතර අග්‍රස්ථානය පිරිනමන ලදී.

බුදු හිමියන්ට ප්‍රථම මහ ප්‍රජාපතී ගෝතමී රහත් මෙහෙණින් වහන්සේ පිරිනිවන් පෑ අතර බුදු හිමියන් තම සුලුමව දක්වන්නා වූ ගෞරවයක් ලෙස එතුමියගේ අවමංගල්‍ය පෙරහැරේ පිටු පසින් ගමන් ගත්හ.

ප්‍රජාපතී ගෝතමී


Dave Franco () este un actor american. El și-a început cariera cu roluri mici în filme precum Superbad și Charlie St. Cloud, înainte de a-și face debutul de performanță în 2012 amice comedia 21 Jump Street. El a jucat, de asemenea roluri în "Noaptea Groazei", Acum Mă Vezi, Acum Mă Vezi 2, Corpuri Calde, Vecinii, Nervoase și pe cel de-al nouălea sezon al serialului Scrubs. El este cel mai tânăr dintre cei trei frați Tom Franco și James Franco.

Biografie
Franco s-a născut în Palo Alto, California, fiul lui Betsy Lou poet, autor și editor, și Douglas Eugene "Doug" Franco (1948-2011), care era un om de afaceri, cei doi s-au cunoscut ca studenți la Universitatea Stanford. Franco, tatăl lui a fost de origine portugheză (din Madeira) și suedeză. Franco, mama lui provine dintr-o familie de ruși evrei. Dave a declarat că este "mândru" de a fi evreu. Franco bunicii paterni, Marjorie (Peterson) Franco, este autorul seriei de cărti [[young adult]] cărți.Franco a crescut în California cu cei doi frați mai mari, Tom și James.

A studiat la Universitatea din California de Sud, și inițial și-a dorit sa fie chiar el un profesor, până când fratele său l-a îndrumat către o clasă de teatru, unde a început să învețe abilități actoricești.

Cariera
În 2006, Franco și-a făcut debutul în actorie la serialul de televiziune 7th Heaven. De atunci, el a apărut în emisiuni de televiziune, cum ar fi "Do Not Disturb" și Tinerii Justițiari. Franco a avut, de asemenea, roluri notabile în filme, cum ar fi Superbad, Charlie St. Cloud, 21 Jump Street, Warm Bodies, The Shortcut și Now You See Me. În Mai 2008, el a fost ales în serialul de televiziune "Privileged".  Franco a fost ales pentru un rol principal. Seria a avut premiera pe data de 9 septembrie 2008 la 3,1 milioane de telespectatori. Telespectatorii incepeau sa scadă in fiecare saptămână astfel al șaselea episod ajungând la 1.837 de milioane de telespectatori. [[The CW]] nu a reînnoi serie pentru un al doilea sezon din cauza ratingului scăzut.

În August 2009, Variety a anunțat că Franco a primit un rol stabil pentru cel de-al nouălea sezon al ABC serial serialul Scrubs. Franco a jucat rolul de student la medicină Cole Aaronson, a cărui familie a plătit o sumă mare de bani la Spitalul Sacred Heart, astfel încât el ar primi un loc de munca la acel spital. Franco a continuat să apară în toate treisprezece episoade de-al nouălea sezon și a primit laude din partea criticilor pentru interpretarea sa; cu toate acestea, al nouălea sezon al serialului a fost si ultimul.

În aprilie 2012, "Shalom Life" l-a clasat pe el și pe fratele său, James, pe numărul 2 pe lista sa de "50 cei mai talentați, inteligenți, amuzanți, și superbi bărbații evrei din lume". În Martie 2012, Franco a jucat în Columbia Pictures film de comedie.

În 2013, el a co-a jucat în zombie film romantic Corpuri Calde, ca Perry Kelvin. Filmul, o adaptare a romanului best-seller - Corpuri Calde, a urmat o poveste de dragoste între un zombie și un om în timpul unei apocalipse zombie. În același an, Franco a apărut alături de Jesse Eisenberg, Mélanie Laurent, Woody Harrelson, Mark Ruffalo, Morgan Freeman și Isla Fisher în ansamblul thriller film Acum Mă Vezi. Pentru a promova filmul, a fost intervievat pe Bob Râuri Show, cu sediul în Seattle. Râuri convins Franco pentru a arăta cardul de aruncat abilitățile el a învățat și Franco expert felii de jumătate de banană într-o altă jumătate cu hotelul lui carte.

Rolurile lui Franco din 2014 au inclus comedia Vecinii Seth Rogen și un rol în 22 Jump Street. În 2015, el a jucat împreună cu Vince Vaughn și Tom Wilkinson în comedia Unfinished Business.

În 2016, el și-a reluat rolurile în 2 Vecini: Sorority în Creștere, ca și Pete, și Acum Mă Vezi 2, ca Jack Wilder

Viața personală
Franco s-a cunoscut cu actrița Alison Brie în 2012. În luna August 2015, cuplul s-a logodit. Pe 13 martie 2017, reprezentanții cuplului au confirmat că s-au căsătorit într-o ceremonie, care a fost privată.

Filmografie

Film

Televiziune

Jocuri Video

Web

Referințe

Nașteri în 1985
Oameni în viață
Actori americani din secolul al XXI-lea
Nașteri pe 12 iunie

Dave Franco


Die Belgian International 2011 im Badminton fanden in Leuven vom 15. bis zum 18. September 2011 statt. Der Referee war Eric Lissilour aus Frankreich. Das Preisgeld betrug 15.000 US-Dollar, wodurch das Turnier in das BWF-Level 4A eingeordnet wurde.

Austragungsort
Sportoase Philipssite, Philipssite 6

Finalergebnisse

Weblinks

badminton.de

2011
Badminton 2011
BE Circuit 2011/12
Badmintonwettbewerb in Löwen

Belgian International 2011


Orez amar (titlul original: Riso amaro) este un film dramatic italian, realizat în 1949 de regizorul Giuseppe De Santis a fost primul film din categoria filmelor neorealiste având un succes deosebit la public atât în sălile de cinematograf din Italia cât și din Franța. Titlul filmului are o semnificație dublă, nu doar "orez amar" ci totodată și "râs amar". Protagoniștii filmului sunt Silvana Mangano, Vittorio Gassman, Raf Vallone.

Filmul a fost inclus în lista celor 100 de filme italiene de salvat (100 film italiani da salvare).

Conținut

Hoțul de bijuterii Walter fuge din fața poliției cu un colier furat. El o roagă pe prietena sa Francesca, să îi ascundă colierul și pentru a nu bate la ochi, aceasta să se amestece în grupul unor muncitoare sezoniere care sunt pe drum spre o plantație de orez din nord, în Câmpia Padului. Printre acestea se află și Silvana, care visează la o viață luxoasă și ar dori să fie mai bine dansatoare decât muncitoare pe câmp. În curând ea află că Francesca are ceva de ascuns.

Walter urmează grupul de femei care se îndreptă spre  nord, este refuzat de Francesca pentru că aceasta între timp s-a îndrăgostit de subofițerul Marco și  solidarizează acuma cu muncitoarele. Walter, cu promisiuni false o câștigă pe Silvana să-i fie complice la planul său de a fura orezul prevăzut ca plată pentru muncitoare. Francesca devenind geloasă pe Silvana, îl trădează pe Walter denunțând-ul poliției...

Distribuție
 Silvana Mangano – Silvana Meliga
 Doris Dowling – Francesca
 Vittorio Gassman – Walter Granata
 Raf Vallone – sergent Marco Galli
 Checco Rissone – Aristide
 Carlo Mazzarella – Mascheroni
 Nico Pepe – Beppe
 Maria Grazia Francia – Gabriella
 Anna Maestri – Irene
 Dedi Ristori – Anna
 Ermanno Randi – Paolo
 Lia Corelli – Amelia
 Adriana Sivieri – Celeste
 Mariemma Bardi – Gianna
 Maria Capuzzo – Giulia
 Attilio Dottesio – crainicul radio
 Isabella Zennaro – Giuliana
 Manlio Mannozzi – Alessandro
 Antonio Nediani – Nanni
 Mariano Englen

Premise

Giuseppe De Santis amestecă în filmul său atmosfera vieții muncitorești a lucrătoarelor italience pe câmpurile de orez cu elemente de film cu gangsteri și film melodramatic. Colateral muzica (filmul conține căteva scene de dans Boogie-Woogie) cât și cântecele femeilor pe plantație, joacă un rol important în a se face legătura cu realitatea din acele timpuri. Bine cunoscutul cântec italian de partizani "Bella ciao" are originea în câmpurile de orez din Câmpia Padului.  Alegerea activității muncitoarelor de pe câmpurile de orez cu munca lor grea stând ziua întreagă în soare luni întregi, pentru a primi un salar de mizerie, nu a fost întâmplătoare. Aceste așa numite "mondine", au fost într-un fel pionierele mișcării muncitorești din Italia, ele fiind deja organizate într-un sindicat care a introdus ziua de lucru de opt ore. Filmările interioare și exterioare au fost făcute la Risaie del Vercellese.

Premii și nominalizări
 Povestea originală de Giuseppe De Santis și Carlo Lizzani, care stă la baza scenariului, a fost nominalizată în 1951 pentru Premiul Oscar.

Bibliografie

Vezi și
 Listă de filme străine până în 1989

Referințe

Legături externe

Filme din 1949
Filme italiene
Filme în limba italiană
Filme neorealiste
Filme regizate de Giuseppe De Santis
Filme Lux Film

Orez amar


Nicolas Caussin (Troyes, 1583-París, 2 de julio de 1651) fue un religioso y teólogo francés.

Miembro de la compañía de Jesús desde 1609, en 1637 fue aupado por el cardenal Richelieu al puesto de confesor del rey Luis XIII. Caído en desgracia poco después por causas desconocidas, fue desterrado a Quimper, en Bretaña, donde permaneció hasta 1643, cuando a la muerte de Richelieu regresó a París.

Dejó escritas, en francés y latín, varias obras de temática religiosa:

 De eloquentia sacra et humana parallela (1619);
 Tragœdiae sacrae (1621);
 La journée Chrestienne (1633);
 La Cour saincte (1638);
 Traicté de la conduite spirituelle selon l'esprit de S. Francois de Sales (1643);
 Apologie pour les religieux de la Compagnie de Jésus, à la reine régente (1644);
 Réponse au libelle intitulé La Théologie morale des Jésuites (1644);
 Angelus pacis ad principes christianos (1650).

Referencias

Teólogos de Francia del siglo XVII
Jesuitas de Francia
Religiosos de Francia del siglo XVII
Confesores del Rey de Francia
Nacidos en Troyes
Fallecidos en París
Confesores reales jesuitas
Confesores reales del siglo XVII

Nicolas Caussin


An Dendrobium sidikalangense in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Elizabeth Anne Dauncey. An Dendrobium sidikalangense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrobium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Sumatera. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dendrobium

Dendrobium sidikalangense


Das Theorem von Belevitch () ist ein nach Vitold Belevitch benannter und in der elektrischen Schaltungstheorie verwendeter Lehrsatz, um festzustellen, ob eine gegebene S-Matrix eines Zweitors grundsätzlich verlustfrei und rational realisierbar ist.

Verlustfrei bedeutet in diesem Zusammenhang, dass sich das Zweitor im Inneren nur durch ideale Kondensatoren und Spulen ohne verlustbehaftete ohmsche Widerstände realisieren lässt. Rational bedeutet, dass zur Beschreibung der  S-Matrix nur rationale Funktionen zum Einsatz kommen. Implizit ist damit festgelegt, dass im Zweitor nur konzentrierte Bauelemente (diskrete Bauelemente) in Form von Kondensatoren und Spulen vorkommen.

Allgemeines
Die gegebene S-Matrix eines Zweitors  vom Grad  ist in der Form:

mit  der komplexen Frequenz, im eingeschwungenen Zustand reduziert sich  auf , mit der Kreisfrequenz . Der Grad  gibt, bei Existenz, die Anzahl der im Zweitor enthaltenen konzentrierten Kondensatoren und Spulen an.

Das Theorem von Belevitch sagt nun aus, dass ein solcher, verlustfreier und rationaler Zweitor  dann und nur dann existiert, wenn die S-Matrix sich in folgender Form darstellen lässt:

mit folgenden Bedingungen:

,  und  sind reellen Polynome
 ist ein Hurwitzpolynom vom Grad kleiner oder gleich .

für alle .

Literatur

Theoretische Elektrotechnik

Theorem von Belevitch


Papa Pavao IV. za vrijeme svoga pontifikata (1555. – 1559.) održao je 4 konzistorija na kojima je imenovao ukupno 19 kardinala.

Konzistorij 7. lipnja 1555. (I.)
 Carlo Carafa, nećak Njegove Svetosti, rimski klerik

Konzistorij 20. prosinca 1555. (II.)

 Juan Martínez Silíceo, toledski nadbiskup, Španjolska
 Gianbernardino Scotti, Theat., tranijski nadbiskup
 Diomede Carafa, rođak Njegove Svetosti, arianski biskup
 Scipione Rebiba, motulanski biskup i rimski guverner
 Jean Suau, biskup Mirepoixa, Francuska
 Johann Gropper, dekan prvostolne crkve u Kölnu
 Gianantonio Capizucchi, saslušatelj kauza pri Roti Apostolske palače

Konzistorij 15. ožujka 1557. (III.)
 Taddeo Gaddi, nadbiskup Cosenze
 Antonio Trivulzio, mlađi, tulonski, Francuska
 Lorenzo Strozzi, bezierski biskup, Francuska
 Virgilio Rosario, biskup Ischije, rimski vikar
 Jean Bertrand, senski nadbiskup, Francuska
 Michele Ghislieri, O.P., nepijski biskup
 Clemente d'Olera, O.F.M.Obs., generalni superior svoga reda
 Alfonso Carafa, pranećak Njegove Svetosti, napuljski klerik
 Vitellozzo Vitelli, izabrani biskup Citta di Castella
 Giovanni Battista Consiglieri, rimski klerik

Konzistorij 14. lipnja 1557. (IV.)
 William Peto, O.F.M.Obs., biskup Salisburyja, Engleska

Bilješke

Vidi još
 Kardinalski zbor
 Konzistorij

Izvori

Pavao 4
Kardinalski zbor

Kardinalska imenovanja pape Pavla IV.


La Sociedad Chilena de Ciencia de la Computación (SCCC) es una corporación de carácter científico fundada en 1984 con el objetivo de estimular la investigación en Computación en Chile. Organiza, patrocina y auspicia reuniones científicas y fomenta la publicación de trabajos en el área, como la Revista Electrónica de la Sociedad Chilena de Ciencia de la Computación y las Jornadas chilenas de computación. También promueve el mejoramiento de la enseñanza de la Computación en Chile y la participación de estudiantes en los eventos científicos.

Historia
Fue fundada en 1984. Su primer presidente fue el ingeniero civil y doctor en Ciencias de la computación Pedro Hepp.

Actualmente, su directorio está presidido por la ingeniera y académica de la Universidad Diego Portales, Beatriz Marín, quien es además la primera mujer en ocupar ese puesto.

Vinculación internacional
La SCCC se relaciona con otras sociedades científicas y profesionales de Chile y el extranjero, y asesora a organismos gubernamentales y privados en asuntos de carácter científico.

Es miembro del Centro Latinoamérica de Estudios en Informática (CLEI) y es sociedad hermana de la Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), de la Computer Society del Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), de la Sociedad Mexicana de Ciencia de la Computación (SMCC), de la Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC) y de la Sociedad Argentina de Informática (SADIO).

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sociedad Chilena de Ciencia de la Computación
 Revista Electrónica de la Sociedad Chilena de Ciencia de la Computación

Sociedades científicas de Chile
Informática teórica
Organizaciones informáticas


Devon Alexander (* 10. Februar 1987 in St. Louis, Missouri) ist ein US-amerikanischer Profiboxer, ehemaliger Weltmeister der WBC und IBF im Halbweltergewicht, sowie ehemaliger Weltmeister der IBF im Weltergewicht.

Amateurkarriere
Devon Alexander ist in St. Louis geboren und aufgewachsen, wo er im Alter von sieben Jahren im Hyde Park Boxing Gym mit dem Boxsport begann. Seine beiden älteren Brüder Lamar und Vaughan waren ebenfalls Boxer. Devon gehörte in den folgenden Jahren, zu den besten Amateurboxern der Vereinigten Staaten.

Er gewann viermal in Folge die National Silver Gloves, dreimal die National Police Athletic Leagues, die National Junior Golden Gloves, die National Junior Olympics und die World Junior Olympics, sowie 2003 die US-amerikanischen U-19-Meisterschaften. 2004 wurde er US-amerikanischer Meister im Halbweltergewicht und war Mitglied der Nationalmannschaft, mit der er an mehreren Länderkämpfen teilnahm.

Bei den Olympic Trials, dem nationalen Qualifikationsturnier für die Olympischen Sommerspiele in Athen, erreichte er das Finale. Dort erkämpfte er gegen den dreifachen US-Meister Rock Allen ein Unentschieden, bei dem sich Allen schließlich umstritten nach Hilfspunkten durchsetzte. Devon wurde anschließend im Alter von 17 Jahren, Profiboxer im Halbweltergewicht. Er beendete seine Amateurkarriere mit 300 Siegen bei nur 10 Niederlagen.

Profikarriere
Seinen ersten Profikampf gewann er am 20. Mai 2004 durch K. o. in der ersten Runde. Nach sieben weiteren Siegen gegen Aufbaugegner, gewann er am 8. Juli 2006 durch K. o. in der ersten Runde gegen Tyler Ziolkowski, den Junioren-Weltmeistertitel der WBC im Weltergewicht. Am 13. Oktober 2007 siegte er zudem durch K. o. in der ersten Runde gegen den ungeschlagenen Cory Peterson (7-0).

Nach vier weiteren K.-o.-Siegen gewann er am 19. Januar 2008 den Amerikanisch-Kontinentalen Meistertitel der WBC im Halbweltergewicht; er besiegte dabei den ehemaligen WBO-Weltmeister DeMarcus Corley einstimmig nach Punkten. Am 27. März 2008 verteidigte er seinen Titel ebenfalls einstimmig nach Punkten gegen Miguel Callist aus Panama.

Nach drei folgenden K.-o.-Siegen erhielt er am 1. August 2009 die Chance auf den vakanten Weltmeistertitel der WBC gegen Ex-Weltmeister Junior Witter. Alexander gewann den Kampf in Kalifornien vorzeitig, da Witter nach der achten Runde nicht mehr aus seiner Ecke kam. Bis dahin führte Alexander bei allen drei Punktrichtern deutlich.

Gleich in seinem nächsten Kampf am 6. März 2010 in Connecticut, gewann er in einem Titelvereinigungskampf gegen Juan Urango durch K. o. in der achten Runde, zusätzlich den Weltmeistergürtel der IBF. Am 7. August 2010 verteidigte er beide Titel durch einstimmigen Punktesieg gegen Andreas Kotelnik.

Am 29. Januar 2011 boxte er in Michigan gegen den ungeschlagenen Timothy Bradley (26-0) um den WBO-WM-Titel. Dabei verlor er jedoch äußerst umstritten aufgrund einer technischen Entscheidung in der zehnten Runde. Nach zwei Kopfstößen von Bradley in den Runden vier und zehn, die vom Ringrichter als unabsichtlich gewertet wurden, war Alexander so verletzt das der Kampf abgebrochen und die Punktezettel ausgewertet wurden, auf denen Bradley vorne lag.

Am 25. Juni 2011 gewann er nach Punkten gegen den Argentinier Lucas Matthysse (28-1). Am 25. Februar 2012 besiegte er den schlagstärksten Boxer im Halbweltergewicht, den ebenfalls aus Argentinien stammenden WBA-Weltmeister Marcos René Maidana (31-2). Dessen WBA-Titel stand nicht auf dem Spiel, da der Kampf im Weltergewicht stattfand.

Am 20. Oktober 2012 gewann Alexander in Brooklyn einstimmig nach Punkten gegen den IBF-Titelträger Randall Bailey (43-7) und wurde somit neuer Weltmeister dieses Verbandes im Weltergewicht. Im Mai 2013 gewann er zudem vorzeitig gegen den Briten Lee Purdy (20-3).

Am 7. Dezember 2013 verlor er seinen WM-Titel durch eine Punktniederlage an Shawn Porter (22-0). Im Juni 2014 besiegte er Jesús Soto Karass (28-9) einstimmig nach Punkten. Im Dezember 2014 verlor er nach Punkten gegen Amir Khan (29-3).

Im Februar 2018 erreichte er ein Unentschieden gegen Victor Ortiz (32-6) und verlor im August 2018 knapp durch Split Decision gegen Andre Berto (31-5).

Weblinks

 Devon Alexander, SoSoBoxing

Boxer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Weltmeister (Boxen)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1987
Mann

Devon Alexander