Maurício Cid () é um streamer brasileiro que atualmente apresenta suas lives na plataforma Twitch, também conhecido como Cid Não Salvo e Cid Cidoso. É o criador do blog Não Salvo, em que desde 2008 compartilha imagens e vídeos humorísticos.

Anos iniciais
É formado em Administração e Ciência da Computação, mas não exerce essas profissões.

Cid foi uma das maiores celebridades brasileiras na época da rede social Orkut, tendo sido criador de mais de mil comunidades, com a alcunha de "C!". Foi no Orkut que fez a primeira propaganda, divulgando uma operadora de celular em suas comunidades em troca de 50 reais. Uma de suas comunidades, "Carlos Três Dias Morto e Nada", inspirou um curta-metragem.

Repercussão internacional
Durante a Copa do Mundo FIFA de 2010, a expressão "Cala a boca, Galvão" se tornou um dos assuntos mais comentados do mundo no Twitter, causando confusão entre não falantes do português. O blog Não Salvo compartilhou um vídeo em inglês que dizia que Galvão seria uma ave ameaçada de extinção, e cada tuíte com a frase "cala boca Galvão" geraria 10 centavos para a conservação da espécie. A história chegou a ser citada pelo New York Times e pelo El País.

Em 2014, Cid criou um canal no YouTube chamado "Korea News Backup" que supostamente publicava trechos de transmissões da televisão da Coreia do Norte. Durante a Copa do Mundo FIFA de 2014, o canal postou vídeos que mostravam a seleção da Coreia derrotando times dos Estados Unidos, China, Japão, entre outros países, e ganhando a competição em uma partida de 8x1 contra o Brasil, quando na realidade o país nem se qualificou para a competição. Diversos jornais internacionais, como o Daily Mirror, Metro, CBC e Toronto Sun divulgaram o acontecido como "propaganda governamental" da Coreia do Norte. Mais tarde, CId revelou o hoax, como ele foi feito, e postou um último vídeo no canal do YouTube.

Em 2015, junto com o blog Desimpedidos, o blog Não Salvo participou de uma campanha para influenciar o resultado do Prêmio FIFA Ferenc Puskás, que elege pela internet o gol mais bonito do ano. Cid apoiou o gol de Wendell Lira, então jogador do Goianésia, em partida contra o Atlético Goianiense. Com milhares de votos influenciados, o brasileiro conquistou o prêmio.

Produções
Em 2013, deu uma entrevista para Rafinha Bastos no canal 8 minutos. Em 2015, participou do programa The Noite com Danilo Gentili.

Em 2017, participou do reality show Entubados.

Criou o podcast Não Ouvo, produzido entre 2015 e 2021.

Reconhecimento
O blog Não Salvo foi eleito como "Melhor blog 2010′′ pela Folha de SP. No ano seguinte, foi eleito "Blog do ano" pelo Youpix 2011, a mesma premiação que rendeu a Cid os prêmios de Blogueiro do ano, Agitador Web do ano e Troll do ano.

Cid foi considerado umas das 100 pessoas mais influentes em 2012, em levantamento pela Revista Época.

Ligações externas

 Twitter
 Twitch
 Instagram
Blogueiros do Brasil

Cid Cidoso


داتشني (Дачне) هي مدينة في مقاطعة أوديسكا في أوكرانيا.

السكان
يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 8278 نسمة.

مراجع

مدن أوكرانيا

داتشني (أوديسكا)


Giuseppe Emanuele Ortolani (Cefalù, 1758 - Palerme, 1828) est un avocat et littérateur sicilien.

Biographie
Giuseppe Emanuele Ortolani naquit, en 1758, a Cefalù. Partisan de la révolution française, il se rendit a Paris en 1797, et devint l'un des commisaires du gouvernement pour la recherche des objects de sciences et d'arts. Il enrichit la bibliothèque d'un certain nombre de manuscrits importants, et retourna dans les Deux-Siciles, en 1806, quand la guerre éclata entre Naples et la France.

Œuvres
Giuseppe Emanuele Ortolani est auteur de plusieurs ouvrages, tels que Leggi antiche di Sicilia, Tasse antiche e moderne di Sicilia, etc. etc. On lui doit une traduction italienne de lEssai sur les progrès de l'esprit humain, par Condorcet. Ortolani ne s'est pas borné à écrire en italien ; il a traduit de l'italien en français l'ouvrage de l'abbé Andrés, connu sous le titre de Histoire générale des sciences et de la littérature, depuis les temps antérieurs à l'histoire grecque jusqu'à nos jours ; et a publié en français un Essai sur les plaisirs, 1804, in-8°, réimprimé à Milan et traduit en italien. Il a paru a Palerme, en 1814, un petit écrit du même auteur sous le titre de Précis de la vie de M. Ortolani.

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Avocat italien du XVIIIe siècle

Giuseppe Emanuele Ortolani


Bodakdev es una ciudad de la India en el distrito de Ahmedabad, estado de Guyarat.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 49  a 27 km de la capital estatal, Gandhinagar, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2011 contaba con una población de 40 683 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Guyarat

Bodakdev


مْعَلَقَة  هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء زحلة في محافظة البقاع.

المراجع

مدن لبنان

معلقة (زحلة)


Löbschütz ist ein Ortsteil der sächsischen Gemeinde Käbschütztal im Landkreis Meißen.

Geographie
Löbschütz befindet sich westlich der Kreisstadt Meißen zentral in der Gemeinde Käbschütztal. Straßen führen nach Pauschütz und Stroischen, unbefestigte Wege nach Löthain und Mauna. Die Gemarkungen dieser vier Orte grenzen an die Löbschützer Ortsgemarkung an. Sie trägt den Namen "Löbschütz/Ja.-Lö.", nach der ehemaligen Gemeinde Jahna-Löthain, der Löbschütz bis 1994 angehörte. Alle umliegenden Orte sind Ortsteile der Gemeinde Käbschütztal.

Geschichte
Der Ort wurde erstmals im Jahre 1205 als Leutsitz urkundlich erwähnt. Im Jahr 1378 gehörte Löbschütz zum Castrum Meißen in der gleichnamigen Markgrafschaft Meißen. Die Grundherrschaft übten die Herren von Wunschwitz aus. Ab Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts war das Dorf zum Erbamt Meißen, später zum gleichnamigen Amt und Gerichtsamt gehörig. Ab 1875 wird eine Zugehörigkeit des Ortes zur Amtshauptmannschaft Meißen angegeben.

Um den Rundweiler Löbschütz erstreckte sich 1900 eine 104 Hektar große Block- und Streifenflur. Die Haupterwerbstätigkeit der Bevölkerung im Dorf stellte die Landwirtschaft dar. Kirchlich war Löbschütz bis 1899 ins Kloster St. Afra gepfarrt, danach gehörte es zur Kirchgemeinde Krögis. Von 91 Einwohnern im Jahre 1925 waren 87 evangelisch-lutherisch und drei katholisch sowie eine Person anderen Glaubens. Am 1. November 1935 wurden Löbschütz, Canitz, Pauschütz, Mehren und Stroischen nach Löthain eingemeindet. Nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges wurde Löbschütz Teil der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone und später der DDR. Nachdem die Amtshauptmannschaften 1939 in Landkreise umbenannt wurden, folgte in der Kreisreform 1952 eine Neugliederung des Landes. Löthain und seine Ortsteile wurden dem Kreis Meißen im Bezirk Dresden zugeschlagen. Löthain vereinigte sich am 1. März 1974 mit Jahna-Kagen zur Gemeinde Jahna-Löthain.

Nach Wende und Wiedervereinigung wurde Löbschütz Teil des neugegründeten Freistaates Sachsen und verblieb vorerst im Landkreis Meißen. In der Kreisreform 1994 wurde der Landkreis Meißen-Radebeul (ab 1996 Landkreis Meißen) aus dem alten Gebiet des Kreises Meißen und Teilen des Kreises Dresden-Land gebildet, dem Löbschütz bis 2008 angehörte. Ebenfalls 1994 vereinigten sich Jahna-Löthain, Krögis und Planitz-Deila zur neuen Großgemeinde Käbschütztal mit 37 Ortsteilen. Diese Gemeinde ist seit dem 1. August 2008 Teil des in der Kreisreform Sachsen 2008 aus Landkreis Meißen und Landkreis Riesa-Großenhain gebildeten dritten Landkreises Meißen.

In Löbschütz ist ein heute noch weitgehend erhaltener Vierseithof mit einem 1828 erbauten Wohnstallhaus und diversen weiteren Anbauten in die Kulturdenkmalliste für Käbschütztal aufgenommen worden.

Entwicklung der Einwohnerzahl

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Geographie (Käbschütztal)
Ort im Landkreis Meißen
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Meißen)
Ersterwähnung 1205

Löbschütz (Käbschütztal)


Bastašica je rijeka u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Izvire u Bastasima, oko pet kilometara sjeverozapadno od Drvara. Izvor Bastašice koji je okružen visokim, vertikalnim stijenama zaštićen je kao geomorfološki spomenik prirode. U blizini izvora nalazi se nekoliko slapova. Ulijeva se u Unac nakon kratkog toka, dugog oko jednog kilometra.

Rijeka je bogata potočnom pastrvom.

Izvori

Rijeke u Bosni i Hercegovini
Porječje Unca

Bastašica


{{تجمع سكاني
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|seal_size =70بك
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}}الداهنة''' وتقع تحت سفح جبل طويق من الغرب في الحمادة، بين محافظتي المجمعة وشقراء. حيث تبعد ما يقارب 50 كيلو عن كلا المحافظتين، وتبعد عن العاصمة الرياض ما يقارب 200 كيلو، وهي تعتبر تابعة لمحافظة شقراء الوشم.

وأقرب ما يليها من بلاد الوشم: أشيقر في الجنوب الغربي، والحريق في الجنوب الشرقي. ذكرت الداهنة في صحيح الأخبار عما في بلاد العرب من الآثار، وقيل بأنها معروفة لدى جميع أهل نجد، ويحدها من الشمال: الغاط وقراها، ويحدها جنوبًا قصـور السحق، والحمادة ناحية باليمامة لبني تميم.

تاريخ الداهنة

هناك إشارات تدل على امتداد عمرانها إلى منتصف القرن الثالث عشر الهجري.

قدم إليها الثبتان من قبيلة عتيبة عندما وحد الملك عبد العزيز أجزاء من المملكة العربية السعودية، وهيأ لهم مواطن للاستقرار، وكان لواء الداهنة من ألوية الجهـــاد.

ونواة لجيش التوحيد الذي شارك في توحيد المملكة الذي انطلق إلى الحجاز بقيادة عمر بن ربيعان.

أبرز أمراء الداهنة:

 عبد الرحمن بن ربيعان. انتقل إلى نفي بأمر من الملك عبد العزيز.
 ثم تولى الإمارة غازي البراق، وبعده خالد الحلاج الجميلي.
 ثم عين في الإمارة: محمد بن جاسر الحمراني، ثم عبد الله بن محمد بن جاسر.
 ثم تولى سلطان بن محمد بن حليس الإمارة، ومن بعده أبناؤه: صلال بن سلطان وذعار بن سلطان، ويرأس مركز الداهنة الآن حفيده: سلطان بن ذعار.

سكان الداهنة
يسكنها: الحمران والعردة والبراريق من ذوي ثبيت شيوخ قبيلة عتيبة الهوازنية.

المراجع

قرى منطقة الرياض

الداهنة


Grzegorz Wojciech Ryś (Cracóvia, 9 de fevereiro de 1964) é um clérigo polonês e arcebispo católico romano de Łódź.

O Arcebispo de Cracóvia, cardeal Franciszek Macharski, ordenou-o sacerdote em 22 de maio de 1988 na Catedral de Wawel. Paralelamente à sua formação teológica, estudou história da Igreja na Pontifícia Academia de Teologia de Cracóvia. Em 1994 concluiu o doutorado e em 2002 fez a habilitação em humanidades em história. Foi membro de comissões históricas para os processos de canonização de João Paulo II, entre outros. Ryś é ativo no diálogo ecumênico e inter-religioso e foi o iniciador do encontro de paz entre judeus, cristãos e muçulmanos "Echo Assis" em Cracóvia. Ele é membro do Comitê Internacional de Auschwitz desde 2012.

Papa Bento XVI nomeou-o em 16 de julho de 2011 bispo titular de Arcavica e bispo auxiliar de Cracóvia. O arcebispo de Cracóvia, cardeal Stanisław Dziwisz, concedeu-lhe a consagração episcopal em 28 de setembro do mesmo ano; Os co-consagradores foram o cardeal Franciszek Macharski, arcebispo emérito de Cracóvia e o cardeal da Cúria Stanisław Ryłko. Seu lema é Virtus in enfermitate.

Em 14 de setembro de 2017, o Papa Francisco o nomeou Arcebispo de Łódź. Ele assumiu o cargo em 4 de novembro de 2017.

Em 25 de junho de 2020, o Papa Francisco o nomeou Administrador Apostólico sede plena da Diocese de Kalisz, suspendendo a jurisdição do Bispo diocesano Edward Janiak até novo aviso.  Em 17 de outubro de 2020, o Papa Francisco finalmente aceitou a renúncia de Janiak. Grzegorz Ryś foi simultaneamente confirmado como Administrador Apostólico sede vacante. Sua missão como Administrador Apostólico terminou em 11 de fevereiro de 2021 com a posse do sucessor de Janiak.

Em 21 de novembro de 2020, o Papa o nomeou membro da Congregação para os Bispos.

Em 9 de julho de 2023, o Papa Francisco anunciou durante o Angelus que o criaria cardeal no Consistório de 30 de setembro de 2023. Recebeu o barrete vermelho e o titulus de Santos Cirilo e Metódio.

Em 4 de outubro de 2023, foi nomeado membro do Dicastério para o Culto Divino e Disciplina dos Sacramentos e Dicastério para os Bispos.

Ver também

Arcebispos católicos da Polônia
Cardeais da Polônia
Cardeais nomeados pelo papa Francisco

Grzegorz Ryś


Dmitrij Michajlovitj Pozjarskij (, ; født 17. oktober 1577, død 30. april 1642) var en russisk fyrste og nationalhelt.

Under de urolige tider i Rusland i 1608 blev Pozjarskij sendt til Kolomna for at forsvare byen, og var 1610-1611 vojvod i Zarajsk (Moskva oblast). I 1611 deltog han i angrebet på de polsk-litauiske styrker, men blev såret den 19. marts 1611, mens han forsvarede sit hus ved Lubjanka pladsen, hvorefter han blev overført til Treenigheds klosteret for at rekreere sig.

I efteråret 1611, da Pozjarskij var sengeliggende på familie godset i Puretsky ved Volga nær Suzdal, blev han kontaktet af en delegation af borgere, der tilbød ham kommandoen over den anden folkehær som var samlet i Nisjnij Novgorod. Pozjarskij indvilgede på betingelse af at han ville blive bistået af Kuzma Minin, en købmand fra Nisjnij Novgorod.

Efter at være brudt op fra Jaroslavl rykkede han langsomt over Suzdal till Moskva, hvor han ankom samtidigt med den polsk-litauiske hærfører Chodkiewicz, der var sendt til Moskva af kong Sigismund. Efter to måneders belejring blev Moskva indtaget, og dermed var hans rolle udspillet. Han upphøjedes af zar Mikael til bojar i 1613, deltog i det polske felttog i 1618 og blev 1628 vojvod i Novgorod, 1635 i Rjazan, men havde begrænset politisk indflydelse.

Et Monumentet for Minin og Pozjarskij er rejst i Moskva og i Nizjnij Novgorod. En sovjetisk film Minin og Pozjarskij blev udgivet i 1939 i Sovjetunionen.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fyrster fra Rusland
Personer knyttet til de urolige tider
Personer fra Velikij Novgorod

Dmitrij Pozjarskij


පහතරට වනාන්තර වල සහ කඳුකරයේ මීටර් 1300 දක්වා ඉහළට දක්නට ලැබෙන අළු කෑදැත්තා කෙටි රවුම් සහ පළල් පියාපත් සහිත විශාල වශයෙන් ඵල භක්‍ෂක කුරුල්ලෙකි. විශාල වශයෙන් යැපෙන්නේ නුග ගෙඩි,වල් සාදික්කා,කීන දං,මාදුන් වැනි වන ඵල වර්ග මත නමුත් කටුස්සන් ගස් ගෙම්බන් සහ වන්දන් බඳු කෘමීන් වැනි කුඩා සතුන්ද ආහාරයට ගනී.අභිජනන සමය අප්‍රේල්-අගෝස්තු දක්වා වේ. කැදැල්ල ලොකු ගසක කඳේ සාමාන්‍යයෙන් තරමක ඉහළින් පිහිටි බෙනයකි.

කුරුල්ලෝ
ශ්‍රී ලංකා‍වට පමණක් ආවේණික කුරුල්ලෝ
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට ඒකදේශීය කුරුල්ලෝ
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කුරුල්ලෝ

අළු කෑදැත්තා


Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) er et projekt under dansk ledelse, der gennemføres af Den Europæiske Rumorganisation (ESA).

Herunder vil der blive placeret kameraer samt x-ray- og gamma-ray-detektorer på den Den Internationale Rumstation (ISS), som skal foretage observationer af den øvre del af atmosfæren (i stratosfæren og mesosfære op til 100 km), og herunder lokalisere og registrere sprites, jets og elvere samt terrestriske gamma-ray flashes i tilknytning til lyn og tordenvejr. Der er forhåbninger om at målinger fra rummet af disse fænomener kan bidrage til en større forståelse af denne del af atmosfæren.

ASIM-instrumenterne blev placeret på Columbusmodulet på Den Internationale Rumstation i 2018 (udskudt fra den oprindelige beslutning om at fortage placeringen i 2014). Den danske rumfartsteknologiske virksomhed Terma varetager den tekniske del af projektet for ESA mens DTU Space (National Space Institute) fra Danmarks Tekniske Universitet varetager den videnskabelige ledelse af projektet (hvori også DMI, Aalborg Universitet og Niels Bohr Instituttet indgår).

Under den indledende del af projektet foretog den danske astronaut Andreas Mogensen omfattende fotograferinger fra Den Internationale Rumstation under sit ophold her fra begyndelsen af september 2015.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 ASIM - Klimaobservatorium i rummet  - fra www.space.dtu.dk
 ASIM: Atmospheric monitoring of blue jets, sprites and elves - recent studies fra www.esa.int

Den Internationale Rumstation
ESA

Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor


Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada y Corral (; 24 April 1823 – 21 April 1889) was a Mexican liberal politician and jurist who served as the 27th president of Mexico from 1872 to 1876.

A successor to Benito Juárez, who died in office in July 1872, Lerdo de Tejada was elected to his own presidential term in November 1872. Previously, he served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Juárez's political rival, liberal General Porfirio Díaz, had attempted a coup against Juárez, but his Plan de la Noria failed and Díaz was eliminated as a political rival during Lerdo de Tejada's 1872–1876 term, giving him considerable leeway to pursue his program without political interference. During his term, he succeeded in pacifying the country after decades of political unrest and strengthening the Mexican state. He was elected for another term in 1876, but was overthrown by Porfirio Díaz and his supporters under the Plan of Tuxtepec, which asserted the principle of no-reelection to the presidency. Lerdo de Tejada died in exile in New York in 1889, but Díaz invited the return of his body to Mexico for burial with full honors. With the exception of Miguel Miramón, a contested president during the Reform War, he was the first Mexican head of state to be born after the country's independence.

Early life and education
He was born in Xalapa, Veracruz, into a middle class Criollo family, the younger brother of Miguel Lerdo de Tejada. After studying theology as a scholarship student in the Palafoxiano Seminary in Puebla he received minor orders, but decided not to enter priesthood. In 1851 he earned a law degree from Colegio de San Ildefonso in Mexico City, a famed institution he began directing at the age of 29 (1852–1863).

Political career

Early positions
In 1855, he served as a prosecutor before the Supreme Court. He became known as a Liberal leader and a supporter of President Benito Juárez. In 1857, he was minister of foreign affairs for three months under Ignacio Comonfort. He became the President of the Chamber of Deputies in 1861, 1862 and 1863. He opposed the Wyke-Zamacona Convention to resume debt payments to Britain. This convention was defeated in Congress.

During the French intervention and the reign of Maximilian I, he continued to be loyal to the Republicans, and had an active share in conducting the national resistance. In the face of the French invaders, the Republican government was forced to abandon the capital of Mexico City on 31 May 1863. The Republican government continued at one place or another within the country, but never left the country during Maximilian's reign.

On 12 September 1863 in San Luis Potosí, Lerdo de Tejada was named minister of foreign affairs, of the interior and of justice in Juárez's cabinet. He held these posts until 17 January 1871, 14 January 1868 and 11 September 1863, respectively. Throughout the French occupation and Maximilian's Second Empire, Lerdo de Tejada was President Juárez's closest ally and confident. On 8 November 1865, he signed the decree extending Juárez's term until the end of the war. In doing so, he opposed the claims of General Jesús González Ortega, who wished to succeed Juárez.

Restored Republic under Juárez

Upon the triumph of the Republic in 1867, Lerdo de Tejada, "according to some sources ... convinced Juárez not to pardon Maximilian," who was executed in Querétaro along with two Mexicans loyal to the emperor. Once the Republicans were returned to power, Lerdo de Tejada simultaneously became minister of foreign affairs, minister of the interior, a deputy in Congress and president of the Supreme Court. Lerdo de Tejada aided Juárez's push to centralize the power of the federal government and opposing the use of violence against local forces of opposition. Lerdo de Tejada was key for construction of what became a liberal political machine in this era. He became involved with state politics to gain political allies for the federal centralizing state.

In 1871, he was a candidate for president of the Republic, running against Juárez and Porfirio Díaz. He came in third in the race against the president who kept the republic intact during the French intervention and one of the Mexican military heroes of republican resistance. Following Juárez's victory he returned to the Supreme Court. Díaz revolted against Juárez opposing the president's continuation in power in the Plan de la Noria. The revolt was defeated and Díaz sent into political exile, allowing the last of Juárez's term relatively free of political conflict. With Juárez's death caused by a heart attack in July 1872, Lerdo de Tejada was the constitutional successor to the presidency.

As president

This made him interim president, but he held elections and held the office in his own right. To the surprise of most, Lerdo de Tejada kept Juárez's cabinet basically unchanged and promulgated a limited amnesty law. To his supporters, he offered immediate spoils. He declared that he exercised his power as president, not as head of a party.

Although he sought peace, order, and respect for the law, he used the armed force of the state to achieve those goals. During his term, he achieved success in pacifying the country, particularly in eliminating regional caudillo Manuel Lozada of Tepic. Lozada had a regional fiefdom and maintained power by alliances with the French and following their expulsion, Juárez could not dislodge Lozada from power. Lerdo de Tejada was able to use federal troops to crush Lozada; Liberal General Ramón Corona defeated and executed Lozada at La Mojonera.

Lerdo de Tejada continued projects initiated by Juarez, most visibly the construction of railways. He opened the first railway line in Mexico from the port of Veracruz to the capital Mexico City, which was begun by Juárez and Lerdo de Tejada inaugurated in January 1873. However, Lerdo de Tejada had seemingly contradictory policies about railway construction. He was concerned about U.S. encroachment in northern Mexico and resisted construction of railways to the border. He is quoted as saying, "Between strength and weakness, the desert," meaning the weakness of Mexico vis-à-vis the U.S. and the desert as a useful barrier. After a delay, he attempted to have a Mexican company construct the north–south line to the U.S. border, but the effort failed. Ultimately, he did approve a proposal of U.S. railway entrepreneur Edward Lee Plumb to build the line. Mexican supporters of construction thought Lerdo had delayed too long and botched the chance of Mexicans building the line, while Lerdo de Tejada's opponents viewed him as caving to the U.S.

The Laws of the Reform were incorporated into a new Constitution (25 September 1873). The Sisters of Charity were expelled from the country. In 1874, four small steamships of war were acquired for the customs service. Lerdo de Tejada also reestablished the Senate.

The end of the Restored Republic
Lerdo de Tejada ran for a second term in 1876, which gave opponents the grounds to oppose him on the principle of "no reelection." At this point, Porfirio Díaz, who had been neutralized politically with his unsuccessful revolt against Juárez in 1872, now believed he had the grounds to challenge Lerdo de Tejada, which were articulated in the Plan of Tuxtepec. The plan was issued prior to the July 24, 1876 election, which Lerdo de Tejada won. Some charged that the victory was fraudulent, but perhaps no more so than its predecessors. Lerdo de Tejada did not muzzle the free press, which printed the accusations and began to call for open rebellion. The President of the Supreme Court, José María Iglesias did declare the election fraudulent, a ruling which put him as successor to the presidency.

Lerdo de Tejada had made himself unpopular by the means he took to secure his re-election, by his disposition to limit state rights in favor of a strongly-centralized government, and because of measures such as the expulsion of the Sisters of Charity. His forces were defeated by Díaz in the decisive Battle of Tecoac on 16 November 1876. Díaz assumed the presidency on 28 November 1876. José María Iglesias also claimed the presidency, by virtue of his position as president of the Supreme Court (31 October 1876). Díaz went on to defeat Iglesias as well.

Lerdo de Tejada went into exile in New York City, where he died in 1889. On the orders of his former rival, President Díaz, his body was returned to Mexico and buried in Mexico with full honors, in the Rotonda of Illustrious Men. At the funeral, there was barely a mention of the reasons for Lerdo de Tejada's ouster and exile. With Lerdo de Tejada's overthrow, historians have marked this as the end of the Restored Republic and the beginning of the Porfiriato, which lasted from 1876–1911 until the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution.

Legacy

Lerdo de Tejada's principal biographer in English, Frank Averill Knapp, titled his work, The Life of Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, 1823–1889: a study of influence and obscurity, an indication of Lerdo's ambiguous legacy. He says "No Mexican President has been more maligned, misunderstood, and misrepresented" than Lerdo de Tejada. He did not have the implacable tenacity of Juárez nor the military achievements and political longevity of Porfirio Díaz, both of indigenous heritage from Oaxaca. But Lerdo de Tejada's presidency was a continuation of the policies of the Liberal Reform, whose laws could be implemented in times of relative peace. As such, he can be seen as one in a line of liberals aiming to modernize Mexico. A statue of Lerdo de Tejada stands outside the Mexican Congress. The city of Toluca de Lerdo was named after Lerdo de Tejada; however, the city is more commonly referred to as "Toluca".

Cabinet
 Defense (Guerra y Marina):
 Ignacio Mejía (July 19, 1872 – August 30, 1876).
 Mariano Escobedo (August 31, 1876 – November 20, 1876).
 Finance (Hacienda):
 Francisco Mejía (July 19, 1872 – November 20, 1876).
Foreign Affairs (Relaciones Exteriores):
 José María Lafragua (July 19, 1872 – November 15, 1875).
 Juan de Dios Arias (November 15, 1875 – August 30, 1876).
 Manuel Romero Rubio (August 31, 1876 – November 20; 1876).
Industry and Commerce (Fomento):
 Blas Balcárcel (July 19, 1872 – November 20, 1876).
Interior (Gobernación):
 Cayetano Gómez Pérez (July 19, 1872 – September 26, 1876).
 Juan José Baz (September 27, 1876 – November 20; 1876).
Justice (Justicia):
 Ramón I. Alcázar (July 19, 1872 – November 20, 1876).
Source: [https://archive.today/20070725222843/http://mx.geocities.com/yaimemx/gabldetejada.html

See also

List of heads of state of Mexico
History of Mexico

References

Further reading

English
Katz, Friedrich, "The Liberal Republic and the Porfiriato, 1867–1910" in Mexico Since Independence, Leslie Bethell, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press 1991, pp. 49–124.
Knapp, Frank Averill, The Life of Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, 1823–1889: a study of influence and obscurity. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1951. [Principal biography in English]
Krauze, Enrique, Mexico: Biography of Power. New York: HarperCollins 1997.
Perry, Laurens Ballard. Juárez and Díaz: Machine Politics in Mexico. DeKalb: University of Northern Illinois Press 1978.
Sinkin, Richard N. The Mexican Reform, 1855–1876. 1979.
Sullivan, Paul. "Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada" in Encyclopedia of Mexico vol. 1, pp. 735–738. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.

Spanish
 "Lerdo de Tejada, Miguel", Enciclopedia de México, vol. 8. Mexico City, 1996, .
 Cosío Villegas, Daniel. Historia moderna de México. vol. 1 La república restorada, La vida política. 1959.
 García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrúa, 1984.
 Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, .

External links

Historical Text Archive: Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada
 "Historia de la administración de Don Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada"
 Short biography
Short biography
 Another short biography

Presidents of Mexico
Liberalism in Mexico
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Politicians from Xalapa
1823 births
1889 deaths
1860s in Mexico
1870s in Mexico
Second French intervention in Mexico
Mexican people of Spanish descent
Candidates in the 1867 Mexican presidential election
Candidates in the 1871 Mexican presidential election
Candidates in the 1872 Mexican presidential election
Candidates in the 1876 Mexican presidential election
19th-century Mexican people
19th-century Mexican politicians
19th-century presidents of Mexico
Exiled Mexican politicians

Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada


Događaji

Rođenja

Smrti
 15. kolovoza – Ivan (Ivaniš) Horvat, hrvatski ban (* oko 1340.),

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

1394.


Versus Versace foi uma linha de difusão da marca de luxo e moda Versace. Começou em 1989 como a primeira linha de difusão da Versace, uma prenda para a irmã Donatella, da parte do fundador da Versace, Gianni Versace. Depois de ter sido descontinuada em 2005, foi ressuscitada em 2009 com uma coleção de acessórios desenhados pelo designer britânico então em ascensão Christopher Kane.                                                                                Em 2018, a Versace integrou a Versus com uma outra linha de difusão da marca - Versace Jeans, formando assim a Versace Jeans Couture, que atualmente opera como a única linha de difusão da marca.

Criação da marca
Gianni Versace apresentou a linha Versus em 1989 descrevendo-a da seguinte forma "a Versus nasceu com uma uma abordagem criativa inata, com foco forte na inovação, talento e o não convencional. Uma força artística que leva a moda atual para a frente antecipando as novas tendências e abraçando desafios."

A Versus foi representada por muitas celebridades como Zayn Malik, Jennifer Lopez, Cheryl Cole, Leighton Meester, Miranda Cosgrove e Alexa Chung, e apareceu em capas de revistas de moda e lifestyle como a Vogue, a InStyle, a Elle e a Glamour.

Extinção
Conhecida pela sua forma distinta e rock-chic, moderna e não convencional, a Versus era promovida por muitas celebridades. No entanto, depois de Michael Kors ter comprado a Versace em 2018, uma das primeiras decisões tomadas foi fundir a Versus com a Versace Jeans, formando a Versace Jeans Couture (VJC), que hoje em dia é a única linha de difusão da Versace.

Segundo o chefe executivo da Versace, Jonathan Akeroyd, na altura, "esta fusão vai permitir [a Versace] desenvolver as coleções da Versace Jeans e ao mesmo tempo não perder o DNA e códigos que fizeram a Versus tão icônica."

A Versace Jeans Couture tornou-se extremamente popular, já que oferece roupas e acessórios dentro das novas tendências, acessíveis, e ao mesmo tempo, incorporar elementos de estilo das principais coleções da Versace.

Versace

Versus Versace


Košarkaški klub "Zagreb" (KK Zagreb; "Zagreb") je muški košarkaški klub iz Zagreba, Republika Hrvatska.
do kraja 2020. godine klub je djelovao pod imenom Košarkaški klub "Zapruđe" (KK "Zapruđe"; "Zapruđe Zagreb"; "Zapruđe").
U sezoni 2022./23. klub se natječe u Prvoj muškoj košarkaškoj ligi, ligi drugog stupnja prvenstva Hrvatske.

O klubu
KK "Zapruđe" je osnovan početkom 1970.-ih u novozagrebačkom naselju Zapruđe.
Klub se u nanovo osniva i registrira 2000. godine.
Do 2014. godine klub se pretežno natjecao u nižim ligama, kada ulazi u "A-2 ligu – Centar" (kasnije "Druga muška liga – Centar").
Od sezone 2018./19. klub je član "Prve muške lige".
Početkom 2010.-ih "Zapruđe" je imalo suradnju s jednim od vodećih hrvatskih klubova – "Cedevitom", te se jedno vrijeme nazivao i "Zapruđe Cedevita".
Na prijelazu iz 2021. u 2022. godinu KK "Zapruđe" je promijenio ime u KK "Zagreb".

Uspjesi
 A-2 liga – Centar
 doprvak: 2015./16.

 Druga muška liga – Centar
 doprvak: 2017./18.

Pregled plasmana po sezonama

Poznati igrači

Povezani članci
 Zapruđe
 KK Zagreb

Vanjske poveznice
 kk-zagreb.com, službene stranice
 kk-zaprude.hr, službene stranice
 KK Zapruđe, facebook stranica
 eurobasket.com, KK Zaprude
 sportilus.com, KOŠARKAŠKI KLUB ZAPRUĐE
 basketball.hr, KK Zapruđe
 arhiva.hks-cbf.hr, KK Zapruđe
 ksz-zagreb.hr, Košarkaški klubovi.

Izvori

 ksz-zagreb.hr, Košarkaški klubovi
 poslovna.hr, KOŠARKAŠKI KLUB ZAPRUĐE
 fininfo.hr, KK "ZAPRUĐE"
 bisnode.hr, KOŠARKAŠKI KLUB "ZAPRUĐE"
 companywall.hr, KOŠARKAŠKI KLUB "ZAPRUĐE"

Košarkaški klubovi u Gradu Zagrebu

KK Zapruđe Zagreb


Den norske Eterfabrikk (DnE), Norveç eczacılık ve kimya firması.

Firma ilaç, kozmetik, OTC ve kimyasallar konusunda araştırma-geliştirme,üretim ve satış yapar.

2 Şubat 1900'de kurulan DnE, eterin eski üreticisidir. Firma, Norveç'in başkenti Oslo'dadır.

Dış bağlantılar
 İnternet sitesi

Oslo merkezli şirketler
Norveç merkezli kimya şirketleri
İlaç şirketleri
1900'de kurulan şirketler

Den norske Eterfabrikk


Robert Young "Bobby" Lee, Jr. (San Diego, 17. rujna, 1971.), američki je glumac.

Vanjske poveznice
 Bobby Lee na IMDB-u

Američki filmski umjetnici

Bobby Lee


Choluteca is one of the 18 departments (departamentos) into which Honduras is divided. The departmental capital is the city of Choluteca. The Choluteca River runs through the department.

History
In the , the indigenous  were engaged in trade in a vast territory encompassing the south of Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, parts of El Salvador and Nicaragua. In the exercise of this industry they reached the South Coast of Honduras, and founded the settlement of what is now the city of Choluteca hundreds of years before the Spanish conquest.

Choluteca was created as a division of colonial rule from Guatemala in March 1535. Upon independence from Spain, the department of Choluteca was created on June 28, 1825, as one of the seven original departments in which Honduras was divided after independence during the government of the first head of state of Honduras, Dionisio de Herrera. Its borders were changed twice after the original partition. In 1843 the district of Guascorán was added to its territory, until then part of Comayagua. In 1893 its westernmost part was split, with the creation of the Valle department.

Geography
Choluteca is the southernmost department of Honduras with an area of 4360 km2. In 2015 it had an estimated population of 447,852 inhabitants. Chuleteca has many lands that are used for agriculture, fishing, sugar production, and shrimp farms. The head of the department is the city of Choluteca, which is located on the Choluteca river that crosses the department. One crosses the Choluteca Bridge to enter the city.

Choluteca is bordered to the north by the departments of Francisco Morazán and El Paraíso, to the west by the Golfo de Fonseca and the department of Valle, and to the east and south by Nicaragua.

Governance

Municipalities

 Apacilagua
 Choluteca
 Concepción de María
 Duyure
 El Corpus
 El Triunfo
 Marcovia
 Morolica
 Namasigue
 Orocuina
 Pespire
 San Antonio de Flores
 San Isidro
 San José
 San Marcos de Colón
 Santa Ana de Yusguare

Deputies
The Choluteca Department has a number of 9 deputies elected for the National Congress.

Economy

The department is, historically, a prominent producer of gold, silver, and copper. The region also had a cattle industry.

References

Notes

Departments of Honduras
States and territories established in 1825

Choluteca Department


Slavonski radio je osječka komercijalna radijska postaja čiji se program emitira na području Osječko-baranjske županije.

Pokrenut je 13. prosinca 1993. kao dio koncerna Glas Slavonije d.d. u čijem je sastavu ostao do 2015. kada je koncesiju nad njim preuzela tvrtka Slavonski radio d.o.o.

Program
Program je sadržajno podijeljen na:
 glazbeni (69,7%)
 informativni (10,37%)
 zabavni (7,49%)
 audio komercijalnu komunikaciju (5,8%)
 športski (2,82%)
 umjetnički i kulturni (2,23%)
 obrazovni i program za djecu i mlade (1,00%)
 vjerski (0,59%)

Emisije
 informativne: Vijesti, Slavonski dnevnik
 kultura: Ars Slavonica
 šport: Sportski presluh
 zdravlje: Radio ordinacija
 djeca: Radoznalica
 ostalo: Imam jedno pitanje, Libela

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službene stranice

Hrvatske radijske postaje
Mediji u Osijeku

Slavonski radio


29837 Savage este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
29837 Savage este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Prescott (Arizona) de Paul G. Comba. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,00 ua, o excentricitate de 0,10 și o înclinație de 10,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 29001-30000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Familia Eos

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

29837 Savage


Edward Richard Russell,  baron Russell de Liverpool ( - ), est un journaliste britannique et homme politique libéral.

Biographie
Russell est un homme de presse qui s'est également impliqué dans la politique. Né à Londres, il est en grande partie autodidacte, devenant rédacteur en chef du Liverpool Daily Post, poste qu'il occupe pendant près de cinquante ans. Il est réputé pour avoir été un homme de grande capacité, avec des normes religieuses et morales élevées. Grand voyageur, partisan de la tempérance et considéré comme un orateur brillant, il soutient le Parti libéral et est l'un des fondateurs de la Liverpool Parliamentary Debating Society. Il correspond avec des personnalités de l'époque, par exemple Annie Besant et Herbert Henry Asquith. En 1865, il quitte Liverpool pour Londres où il travaille pour le Morning Star et d'autres journaux. En rédigeant des rapports parlementaires, il rencontre des membres du gouvernement et est un ami de William Ewart Gladstone.

Lorsque Russell retourne à Liverpool en 1869, c'est en tant que rédacteur en chef du Daily Post, qui, sous sa direction, devient connu comme l'un des principaux journaux provinciaux. De 1885 à 1887, Russell est député libéral de la circonscription de Glasgow Bridgeton, puis en 1893 il est anobli. En 1919, l'année avant sa mort, il est élevé à la pairie en tant que baron Russell de Liverpool, de Liverpool dans le comté palatin de Lancaster.

Œuvres

 Irving comme Hamlet (1875)
 Vrai Macbeth: une conférence (1875)
 Ibsen: Une conférence prononcée à l'University College de Liverpool (1894)
 Garrick: Une conférence (1895)
 Cela me rappelle (1899)
 Fugitifs arrêtés (1912)

Références

Liens externes

Député du 24e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 23e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Représentant de Glasgow à la chambre des communes
Knight Bachelor
Baron de la pairie du Royaume-Uni
Décès en février 1920
Naissance en août 1834
Décès à 85 ans

Edward Russell (1er baron Russell de Liverpool)


There have been a number of warships in the Royal Navy that have borne the name HMS Theseus, from a wooden frigate to a light fleet carrier. The name comes from Theseus, a king of ancient Athens.

 was a 74-gun third-rate ship-of-the-line, launched in 1786. She took part in the Battle of the Nile and the Battle of the Basque Roads in 1809. She was broken up at Chatham in 1814.
 was a protected cruiser of the  and was launched  in 1892. She was involved in World War I and scrapped in 1921.
 was a  light fleet carrier that was built in 1944 and was involved in the Korean War and the Suez Crisis. She was scrapped in 1962.

Royal Navy ship names

HMS Theseus


El Lokomotiv Yaroslavl (ruso: Локомотив Яросла́вль) es un club profesional ruso de hockey sobre hielo, que participa en la Liga Continental de Hockey (KHL). El nombre del equipo deriva de su propietario, Russian Railways, la compañía ferroviaria nacional. Juega sus partidos como local en el Arena 2000, con capacidad para 9.046 personas. De 1959 a 2001 jugó en el Avtodizel Arena. Los colores del equipo son rojo, azul y blanco, y han ganado tres Campeonatos Rusos, en 1997, 2002 y 2003.

El 7 de septiembre de 2011, el avión que les transportaba a un partido en Minsk se estrelló poco después del despegue, muriendo así toda la plantilla del equipo y el personal de entrenamiento excepto el jugador Alexander Galimov, que después moriría el 12 de septiembre en un hospital de Moscú.

Historia
El Lokomotiv Yaroslav se fundó en 1949. Desde entonces se ha conocido por muchos nombres, siendo el original el nombre actual:
 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl (1949–1955)
 Spartak Yaroslavl (1955–1956)
 Khimik Yaroslavl (1956–1957)
 HC YMZ Yaroslavl (1959–1963)
 Trud Yaroslavl (1963–1964)
 Motor Yaroslavl (1964–1965)
 Torpedo Yaroslavl (1965–2000)
 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl (2000)

El equipo jugaba generalmente en la Segunda Liga de la Clase "A" durante la era soviética, siendo ascendidos a la Primera Liga de la Clase "A" en la temporada 1983-84. El equipo consiguió un éxito moderado con el entrenador Sergei Alekseyevich Nikolaev. Se convirtió en un ganador consistente durante los años 1990 y ganó su primer campeonato en 1997 bajo la dirección del entrenador Petr Vorobev. El club se trasladó del Avtodizel Arena al nuevo Arena 2000 a principios de la temporada 2001-02, y ganó dos campeonatos consecutivos en 2002 y 2003 con el entrenador checo Vladimír Vujtek. Vujtek dejó el equipo tras la temporada 2002-03 y, desde entonces, el Lokomotiv Yaroslav no ha vuelto a conseguir ningún campeonato, aunque sigue siendo un contendiente en la Superliga Rusa.

Accidente aéreo de 2011

El 7 de septiembre de 2011, toda la plantilla excepto un jugador murieron en un accidente de avión mientras volaban a Minsk para el primer partido de la temporada. El avión se prendió en llamas y chocó poco después del despegue, a unos 4 kilómetros del Aeropuerto Tunoshna. Reportes preliminares dijeron que los 45 pasajeros y la tripulación habían fallecido. Sin embargo momentos después se supo que el jugador Alexander Galimov y un ingeniero de vuelo habían sobrevivido el choque inicial. Finalmente, Galimov falleció el 12 de septiembre de 2011 a los 26 años de edad a causa de las quemaduras producidas durante el accidente en el 80% de su cuerpo.

Referencias

Equipos de hockey sobre hielo de Rusia
Óblast de Yaroslavl
Organizaciones fundadas en 1949
Unión Soviética en 1949

Lokomotiv Yaroslavl


El coquí guajón (Eleutherodactylus cooki) es una especie de rana nativa del sudeste de Puerto Rico perteneciente a la familia Eleutherodactylidae.

Vive cerca de los ríos y en bosques húmedos.

Se encuentra amenazada por la pérdida de su hábitat natural.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

cooki
Anfibios de Puerto Rico
Fauna endémica de Puerto Rico
Animales descritos en 1932

Eleutherodactylus cooki


Gush Etzion ("Blocul Etzion", în ) este un grup de așezări evreiești din Munții Iudeei, în Cisiordania, la sud de Ierusalim, între Betleem și Hebron. Primele dintre ele au fost înființate în timpul mandatului britanic în Palestina, în anii 1940-1947, pe terenuri cumpărate și după încercari provizorii în anii 1920, și au fost distruse în cursul Războiului arabo-evreiesc din Palestina din anii 1948-1949. După ce Iordania a pierdut teritoriul Cisiordaniei în Războiul de șase zile din iunie 1967, evreii israelieni au repopulat zona. În absența unor progrese suficiente în direcția unui acord de pace comprehensiv însoțit de un aranjament teritorial și de securitate cu vecinii palestinieni, din motive de securitate și alte considerente de interes național, guvernele israeliene laburiste, și apoi, cele de centru-dreapta, și-au dat asentimentul pentru înființarea de așezări dincolo de "linia verde" (linia veche de armistițiu din 1949). În 2011 Gush Etzion număra 22 așezări cu circa 70,000 locuitori. Majoritatea localităților, cu excepția așezărilor Beitar Ilit și Efrat, fac parte, din punct de vedere administrativ, din Consiliul regional Gush Etzion.
Gush Etzion a fost numit astfel după Shmuel Tzvi Holzman, care și-a ebraizat numele în Etzion (Holz = lemn, în ebraică "Etz")

Geografie

Gush Etzion se află la sud de Ierusalim și la est de Valea Ela (Emek Haelá) și se întinde de la Karmey Tzur la sud până la Muntele Gilo în nord, Maale Rehavam în est și Beitar Ilit și Gevaot în vest. Altitudinea lui medie este de 950m.
În partea de est a zonei se înalță, pe un deal artificial, fortăreața antică Herodion - ruinele palatului fortificat de vară al regelui Irod cel Mare, din perioada protectoratului roman asupra Iudeei.
Accesul in Gush Etzion se face prin est, circa 8 minute distanță cu automobilul pe noua șosea "Herodion" care leaga Muntele Homa (Har Homa) cu asezarile din estul lui Gush Etzion, de asemenea prin șoseaua 60 dintre Ierusalim și Intersecția Gush Etzion, iar spre restul localitatilor și dinspre vest - prin soseaua care leagă Beit Shemesh cu Nes Harim. sau prin Intersectia Etziona din direcția Intersecției Ela.

Istorie

Perioada Palestinei sub mandat britanic

În anul 1927 evrei ultraortodocși din Ierusalim și un grup de evrei veniți din Yemen au înființat, la sud de Ierusalim, așezarea Migdal Eder, numită așa după un loc amintit în Biblie (Facerea, 35,21). dar ca urmare a dificultăților economice și mai ales a tulburărilor arabe din anul 1929, locuitorii ei au fost nevoiți să o părăsească.
O a două încercare de așezare în acelaș loc a fost organizată de societatea "El Hahar" creată de Shmuel Tzvi Holzmann, care cumpărase de la localnici arabi pământuri de pe Muntele Hebron. Așezarea s-a numit Kfar Etzion Și această încercare a eșuat, însă, din cauza Marii revolte a arabilor din Palestina din 1936-1939. Arabi locali au demolat construcțiile executate de Holtzmann și însoțitorii săi.
Ulterior, Mișcarea "Hakibutz Hadati" (Kibuțul religios) a creat în zonă trei kibuțuri:la 3 mai 1943 Kfar Etzion ( de către grupul Kvutzat Avraham), la 4 noiembrie  1945 Masuot Itzhak, iar la 22 octombrie 1945 Ein Tzurim.
La 11 februarie 1947 membri ai mișcării socialiste de tineret Hashomer Hatzair au fondat kibuțul Revadim.

Războiul de independență al Israelului
Planul de împărțire a Palestinei al O.N.U în două state - evreu și arab -  aloca teritoriul cunoscut ca Gush Etzion viitorului stat arab palestinian.
Arabii au respins planul și au declanșat războiul împotriva evreilor din Palestina. Odată cu izbucnirea ostilităților ei la finele lui noiembrie 1947, au asediat cele 4 așezări evreiești existente în Gush Etzion, blocandu-le căile de acces. Locuitorii lor au încercat să reziste, între alte, cu ajutorul mai multor întăriri primite prin: "Caravana celor 10", "Caravana Nabi Daniel" și "Secția 35".

La 13 mai 1948, cu zi inaintea proclamării Statului evreiesc Israel, satul Kfar Etzion a căzut în mâinile armatei transiordaniene, Legiunea Arabă. 242 evrei, membri ai kibutzului, luptători ai Palmah și ai Forței de teren a Haganei au pierit în luptă. Câteva zeci de luptători și civili care s-au predat forțelor regulate ale Legiunii Arabe, au fost masacrați de soldații transiordanieni și de arabii palestinieni locali.
Doar patru dintre luptătorii evrei au reușit să scape cu viață.
Celelalte trei kibuțuri s-au supus, iar apărătorii lor, 240 persoane, au fost capturați și trimiși in lagăre de prizonieri în Transiordania.
Zona Gush Etzion a fost ocupată de Transiordania, așezările evreiești au fost distruse apropape în întregime, iar pe locul lor au luat ființă tabere ale armatei transiordaniene. Pe locul kibutzului Masuot Itzhak a fost înființat un lagăr de refugiați palestinieni.
Cele patru așezări evreiești anihilate au fost reînființate în alte locuri din Israel - Nir Etzion - pe litoralul Hof Carmel, de către foști locuitori din Kfar Etzion, Masuot Itzhak si Ein Tzurim - în zona Consiliului regional Shafir, iar kibutzul Revadim = în zona Consiliului regional Yoav.
Pierderea celor patru așezări din Gush Etzion și masacrul de la Kfar Etzion au devenit una din cele mai dureroase traume în memoria colectivă israeliană.

După Războiul de Șase Zile

După ce Iordania a atacat Israelul și a pierdut teritoriul Cisiordaniei in iunie 1967, membri ai celei de-a doua generații a coloniștilor evrei din Kfar Etzion au reînființat în zonă acest kibutz. Kfar Tzion este considerată prima așezare înființată de israelieni dincolo de linia verde - fosta linie de armistițiu din 1949, pe teritoriile din Cisiordania definite după iunie 1967 de factori internaționali ca Teritoriile Palestiniene ocupate. Guvernul laburist israelian și-a dat acordul pentru renașterea așezării. Pe ruinele așezărilor Ein Tzurim și Revadim a luat ființă kibuțul Rosh Tzurim. Lângă ruinele kibuțului Masuot Itzhak a fost întemeiată așezarea Bat Ain.În anul 1969 a luat ființă așezarea Alon Shvut, în care au locuit elevi și rabini ai Ieșivei Har Etzion. De atunci au mai fost înființate numeroase alte așezări.
Majoritatea localităților din zonă apartin Consilului regional Gush Etzion.  Beitar Ilit are statutul de oraș, iar Efrat are statut de consiliu local.
Simbolul zonei Gush Etzion este stejarul solitar din centrul regiunii, de pe care se putea vedea inainte de 1967, de pe teritoriul Israelului locul unde se aflau ruinele așezărilor abandonate în 1948. Dupa acest stejar (Alon) s-a numit așezarea Alon Shvut.

La 31 august 2014 ca reacție la răpirea și uciderea a trei elevi evrei din zonă  de către tineri arabi palestinieni, guvernul israelian a anunțat intenția de a expropria 400 de hectare de pământ de pe dealurile din Gush Etzion, declarație care a atras critici din partea unor factori politici israelieni ,din partea Uniunii Europene și a Statelor Unite.

Obiective culturale și turistice

Parcul Național Herodion - cu ruinele palatului fortificat al lui Irod cel Mare (Hordos), cu mai multe încăperi și incinte și tuneluri subterane. În acest sit arheologic a descoperit prof. Ehud Netzer de la Universitatea Ebraică vestigii pe care le-a identificat-o ca fiind mormântul lui Irod.
Apeductul antic subteran "Nahal Hapirim" sau "Biar", construit în vremea lui Irod cel Mare
Documentar "sunet și lumină" despre evenimentele din Gush Etzion în timpul Războiului de independență al Israelului
fabrică de ulei de măsline la Tekoa, fermă producătoare de brânzeturi de capră la Tekoa, cramă la Alon Shvut și centru de vizitatori în centrul Gush Etzion, ferma Masuot Itzhak cu excursii ghidate prin Gush Etzion
Zip line și grădina zoologică Eretz Haayalim (Țara cerbilor), grădina zoologică terapeutică la Elazar,
Festivalul anual al cireșelor la kibuțul Rosh Tzurim  - în iunie

Legături externe
saitul kibuțului Kfar Etzion
Ami Isseroff, 2005 - material documentar despre istoria zonei, luptele și masacrul de la Gush Etzion din 1948
despre Gush Etzion pe saitul mișcării israeliene pentru pace "Shalom Ahshav" - "Pacea Acum"

Cisiordania
 Așezările israeliene din Cisiordania
Istoria Israelului

Gush Etzion


The Science of Discworld II: The Globe is a 2002 book written by British  novelist Terry Pratchett and  science writers Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen. It is a sequel to The Science of Discworld, and is followed by The Science of Discworld III: Darwin's Watch.

The book alternates between a typically absurd Discworld story and serious scientific exposition.

Where the first book centred on the origins of the universe, earth and the beginnings of life, the second part follows the modern history of Earth. The central theme in the book is that in order for humans to understand anything it must be encapsulated in a story. In the fictional part of the book this is symbolized by the fictional element 'narrativium'. The science section suggests that, rather than Homo sapiens (Wise Man), we might be better described as Pan narrans (Storytelling Chimpanzee).

Plot summary

In the story, the wizards accidentally are transported to Roundworld (the real universe, inadvertently created during the first book) during the Elizabethan era. This is the first time they learn there are humans on Roundworld; they previously learnt that something would escape an Ice Age by heading for the stars via a space elevator, but missed which species it was. They are befriended by the magician John Dee, who is understandably confused by their appearance. Back at Unseen University, the thinking machine Hex informs the remaining faculty (Ponder Stibbons, the Librarian and Rincewind) that history has changed and humanity no longer makes it to the stars. The reason for this is, apparently, an infestation of elves feeding off human imagination and encouraging them to be scared of the dark and the monsters within.

The wizards travel back in time to suppress the elvish influence, but this only makes things worse; people are no longer superstitious, but they are no longer creative either. In the "new" 17th century humans are still in the Stone Age, with a particular tribe having only slight fascination about a tree. Then Rincewind suggests doing the opposite, encouraging humanity to be more creative. They travel through time doing this, with the intent of creating a history in which William Shakespeare writes A Midsummer Night's Dream. This achievement is symbolic of a new way of thinking, the human imagination is now sophisticated enough that stories can be told about stories. With the elves now seen as a harmless fiction, their power over Roundworld is gone.

Ideas and themes

The science section explains that, apart from the wizards, this is probably how humanity and science developed; the imagination that peopled the night with terrors went on to create a story in which there was a reliable light source, and made that story reality. While Roundworld does not, as explained in the first book, contain any narrativium, human belief that it should have created something very similar.

The book concludes with: "The [stories] we've got have brought us a long way. Plenty of creatures are intelligent but only one tells stories. That's us: Pan narrans. And what about Homo sapiens? Yes, we think that would be a very good idea ..."

The concept of narrativium (a fictional element responsible for the creation of narrative, a parody of phlogiston), introduced in the first book in the series and developed in this volume, has been used by Pratchett and his co-authors to explore the role of narratives in real-world literature and science.

Reception
The book and its prequel, the original The Science of Discworld, have been reviewed by Ian C.W Hardy for Trends in Ecology & Evolution. Hardy writes that in the second book, the authors "critically explore religion, art, philosophy of science, visual processing in the brain, hearing, language, information theory, chaos, adaptive radiation, elephants, genes and, yes, memes and much more". He concluded that the books are a "fun" and "engaging" example of popular science writing.

Alison Bailey reviewed the book for Biologist, noting that the book's "science chapters are fascinating treasure troves", if a bit chaotic at times.

Roger Bridgman who reviewed the book for New Scientist, wrote that it "contains a lot of solid science and maths, much of it debunking the traditional tosh in other popular science books. So if you're interested in human origins, and like your ideas laced with farce of the Pratchett kind, you'll find it entertaining, instructive and illuminating".

See also
Round World version of Tolkien's legendarium

References

External links

 www.lspace.org for more information on Discworld.

Books by Ian Stewart (mathematician)
Discworld books
2002 books
Ebury Publishing books

The Science of Discworld II: The Globe


The Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure (FFII) is a non-profit organisation based in Munich, Germany, dedicated to establishing a free market in information technology, by the removal of barriers to competition. The FFII played a key organisational role and was very active in the campaign which resulted in the rejection of the EU software patent directive in July 2005.

CNET awarded the FFII the Outstanding contribution to software development award for this work, which was the result of years of research, policy, and action. After the July 2005 victory, FFII has continued to defend a free and competitive software market by working towards adequate patent systems and open standards. Currently the FFII fights against software patents lobbies, not only in Europe but also in other parts of the world.

It was founded as a German registered association under the name Förderverein für eine Freie Informationelle Infrastruktur (FFII) e.V. in 1999 by developer and far-right politics activist Hartmut Pilch.

Views
FFII's view is that software patents present a burden, not a benefit to society.  It backs this position up citing extensive studies. FFII is a European NGO on this issue. Through its partnership with many other European organisations with the same goal, it has a reach across all nations of the EU.

FFII has been active on this front since 2000 when, according to the FFII, an attempt to change the European Patent Convention to legitimise software patents failed. In 2003, it strongly but indirectly lobbied the European Parliament against the proposed Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions.

The EuroLinux anti-software-patent petition, supported and promoted by FFII, was signed by more than 1,500 SMEs, many thousand software developers, tens of thousands of software users system administrators as well as a number of scientists, academics and economists for a total of 400,000 signatories.

FFII organises conferences about the topic, usually in Brussels, such as the conference which took place on April 14, 2004 together with a demonstration of more than 400 people against software patents the one on November 9–10, 2004. In Karlsruhe, FFII organised a demonstration of about 1,000 people against software patents. In 2005 FFII organised an online demo supported by 1,200 web sites.

Structure
The FFII was funded originally by donations from SuSE and Infomatec.  The Open Society Institute has contributed regularly, as have Red Hat, and Stichting NLnet. The historical list of donors from 1999 to 2005 can be found on the FFII web site.
Partners in Europe include EFFI, EuroLinux, FSF Europe, and SKOSI.

The FFII exists as a mother organisation with more or less formal chapters in many countries. The national FFII chapters (such as FFII France) handle national membership, media and lobbying, while the mother organisation operates at the EU level and in countries where there is no formal FFII organisation.

As of 14 December 2013, the FFII board consists of Benjamin Henrion (President), Rene Mages (Vice president), Stephan Uhlmann (Treasurer), André Rebentisch (Secretary), Hartmut Pilch.

Campaigns
Besides software patents, FFII promotes various campaigns aimed at disencumbering computing and software development. These include supporting author's rights and Interoperability enforcements, such as working to improve copyright regulation by providing technical analysis, amendments and voting recommendations that may influence the European Parliament.

See also
 Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement
 EU Directive on the Patentability of Computer-Implemented Inventions
 European Information, Communications and Consumer Electronics Technology Industry Associations (EICTA)
 Software patent
 Software patent debate

References

External links

 FFII's example web shop with 20 examples of software patents
 FFII: Written submissions about the FTC/Doj report

National sections
 FFII Belgium
 FFII French Chapter
 FFII Polish section
 FFII Spain
 FFII Swedish Chapter
 FFII UK Chapter

Foundations based in Germany
Patent law organizations
Intellectual property activism
Non-profit technology
Non-profit organisations based in Bavaria
Germany
Organizations established in 1999
1999 establishments in Germany


Second City or The Second City may refer to:

 Second city of the United Kingdom
 Chicago, nicknamed the Second City
 The Second City, an improvisational comedy troupe initially based in Chicago
 Mercenary: The Second City, a 1986 expansion pack for the video game Mercenary
 "Second City", an episode of 2007 Canadian/American TV series The Dresden Files
 Second City derby, Association-football rivalry between Aston Villa and Birmingham City
 Secondcity, stage name of American-born British musician Rowan Harrington (born 1987)

See also
 Second City Television, a Canadian television sketch comedy show that aired intermittently between 1976 and 1984
 Secondary city

Second City


Le château de Courtivron est un château  du  situé à Courtivron, en Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

Localisation
A la limite sud du village, le château situé en fond de vallée est bâti entre deux bras de l'Ignon sur une plate-forme en  demi-octogone régulier.

Historique

Le plus ancien seigneur connu est Odo de Saulx en 1118. Le 20 mars 1365, le duc Philippe II de Bourgogne autorise la vente de la maison forte de Courtivron à Jean de Saulx, chancelier de Bourgogne, qui affranchit les habitants et déplace à Courtivron en 1379 la chapelle de Saulx-le-Duc. La seigneurie reste dans la famille avant de changer plusieurs fois de mains, passant aux Beaufremont, Mailly puis Compasseur de Vitre.

Le 20 mai 1521, Girard de Vienne, conseiller à la cour au parlement de Dijon et seigneur de Ruffey, rend hommage au roi pour la seigneurie de Courtivron. En 1641, le village est détruit par l'armée du maréchal de Grancey ; La terre de Courtivron est érigée en marquisat en 1695.

En 1709, la chapelle Sainte-Anne est transférée de Saulx au château de Courtivron.

Au début du , une filature est aménagée dans le château. En 1820, elle est équipée de 18 métiers à tisser type "Mulle-Jenny" et quatre métiers à tisser en continu. En 1856, l'entreprise emploie 156 personnes et en 1860, 21 métiers à tisser sont dénombrés. Après une période difficile, elle ferme définitivement ses portes en 1892. Les bâtiments sont démolis et il n'en subsiste que les logements ouvriers à l'ouest et le bâtiment d'une turbine dans le parc du château.

Architecture
1En 1794, le château de Courtivron ainsi que les communs sis de chaque côté de la basse-cour ont été presque entièrement reconstruits peu avant la Révolution. Ce château environné d'un large fossé en eaux est composé de deux ailes, du corps de bâtiment et de la cour. Au milieu de la façade principale, à côté de la porte d'entrée se trouve une ancienne tour en pierre de taille entourée de douves. Son rez-de-chaussée est occupé par les offices et la cuisine, le premier étage est distribué en plusieurs chambres. Le second sert de garde meuble et le dernier de dépôt. A chaque étage, les murs sont percés de plusieurs croisées. La partie supérieure ne comporte plus qu'un couronnement composé d'une plate-bande en pierre de taille.

Du château médiéval, il ne subsiste qu'une tour rectangulaire située au nord de la plate-forme, au milieu du plus grand côté. Son espace interne est divisé en cinq niveaux. Le rez-de-chaussée est éclairé par quatre jours-en-archère, et le cinquième s'ouvre sur chaque face de deux fenêtres de tir à coussiège. Le toit en pavillon repose sur une couronne de corbeaux qui ont dû porter un mâchicoulis. Les étages sont desservis par un escalier en vis dans-œuvre dans l'angle nord-est. L'accès à la tour se fait au sud, par une large porte donnant dans la cour. On y trouve trois cheminées simples, sans sculpture. Sur le parement se trouve le millésime 1581.

Le parc boisé s'étend au sud et au nord, des jardins à la française s'étirent entre les communs et l'ancienne orangerie pour rejoindre un pavillon  au toit d'ardoises. Le parc recèle une glacière.

Les façades, les toitures, le sol de la cour d'honneur, les douves et leur pont sont inscrits par arrêté du 29 mars 1971.

Mobilier

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Liste des châteaux de la Côte-d'Or
 Liste des monuments historiques de la Côte-d'Or

Liens externes

Courtivron
Courtivron
Monument historique dans la Côte-d'Or
Monument historique inscrit en 1971

Château de Courtivron


The Curragh ( ;  ) is a flat open plain of almost  of common land in County Kildare. This area is well known for Irish horse breeding and training. The Irish National Stud is located on the edge of Kildare town, beside the Japanese Gardens. Also located here is Pollardstown Fen, the largest fen in Ireland. This area is of particular interest to botanists and ecologists because of the numerous bird species that nest and visit there. There are also many rare plants that grow there.

It is composed of a sandy soil formed after an esker deposited a sand load and as a result, it has excellent drainage characteristics. This makes it a popular location for training racehorses.

History

Used as a meeting site during Pre-Christian societies, the Curragh is shrouded in mythology. The hill to the north of the Curragh is called the Hill of Allen (Almhain) and is the purported meeting place of the mythical Fianna. Legend has it that in about 480 AD, when St Brigid became intent on founding a monastery in Kildare, she asked the High King of Leinster for the land on which to build it. When he granted her as much land as her cloak would cover, she then placed her cloak on the ground to cover the entire Curragh plain.

On 1 April 1234, The 3rd Earl of Pembroke lost a battle at the Curragh against a group of men loyal to Henry III of England. Lord Pembroke was wounded in the battle and died at his castle at Kilkenny on 16 April.

It was a common site for mustering the armies of the Pale (see Essex in Ireland). During the 1798 Rebellion there was a massacre in the Curragh at Gibbet Rath. The Curragh Camp is now located there, where the Irish Defence Forces undergo training.

At a natural bowl-shaped amphitheatre on the Curragh known locally as Donnelly's Hollow the Irish champion boxer Dan Donnelly defeated the English champion George Cooper in 1815, before a large crowd. Donnelly had a famed reach and the remains of his arm were on show until recently in the Hideout Pub in the nearby town of Kilcullen.

In 1866, a commission was appointed by the British Treasury to report into the use made of the Curragh and make recommendations on legislation. It reported in 1868, and led to the Curragh of Kildare Act, 1868.

On 2 January 1941 the Curragh was bombed by the Luftwaffe, the air force of the Third Reich, causing slight damage. One SC250 bomb remains unaccounted for.

Legal recognition

The earliest mention of the Curragh in legal documents was 1299, when an Act was passed, to prevent swine from feeding on the Curragh plains to the detriment of the sward.

In 1865 the Parliament set up a commission to examine the Curragh. The findings of this led to the enactment of the Curragh of Kildare Act 1868. This created the honorary position of a Ranger tasked with the care, management and preservation of the Curragh for the purpose of horseracing and training of horses.

The 1868 act also provided for a second commission to report on the use of the Curragh for common pasture. This report is detailed in the Curragh of Kildare Act 1870. This act specifies sheep grazing rights for the Curragh.

On the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, the lands of the Curragh passed from the Crown to the Minister for Finance of the Irish State.

The Curragh of Kildare Act 1961 repealed the 1868 Act and sections of the 1870 Act. It also abolished the office of the Ranger and transferred its duties to the Department of Defence.

Military
There has been a permanent military presence in the Curragh since 1856. The Curragh Camp is now home to the Defence Forces Training Centre of the Irish Defence Forces.

Wrens of the Curragh

Records of women, known as Wrens of the Curragh, who were paid for sex work by soldiers at the camp, go back to the 1840s. They lived in 'nests' half-hollowed out of banks and ditches, which were covered in furze bushes; their lifestyle was communal - money and resources were shared amongst the (up to 60) women who lived there. Whilst many women were sex workers, others had common-law marriages to soldiers but were barred from living within the camp itself. The women's presence is no longer reported after the 1880s.

Sport

Horse racing
The Curragh Racecourse on the plain is Ireland's Premier Flat Racecourse. Every year, it hosts all five classic races in the racing calendar: the Irish Derby Stakes, the Irish Oaks, the Irish 1,000 Guineas, the Irish 2,000 Guineas and the Irish St. Leger.

Motor racing

On 2 July 1903, the Gordon Bennett Cup ran through the Curragh. It was the first international motor race to be held in what was then the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland wanted the race to be hosted in the United Kingdom (as it existed then), and Ireland was suggested as the venue because racing was illegal on British public roads. Following a lobbying campaign, local laws were adjusted, and Kildare was chosen on the basis of the straightness of its roads. As a compliment to Ireland, the British team chose to race in Shamrock green which later became known as British racing green. The route consisted of several loops of a circuit that passed-through Kilcullen, the Curragh, Kildare, Monasterevin, Stradbally, Castledermot, Carlow, and Athy. The  race was won by the Belgian racer Camille Jenatzy, driving a Mercedes.

After The Emergency both motor cars and motorcycle racing took place on occasions drawing crowds up to 30,000. For eight years from 1947 until 1954 cars competed, while motorcycle racing continued until 1967. The first race was run by the Leinster Motor Club on 12 July 1947 over a  course known as the "Short circuit" but eight years later the death of Don Beauman during at a different Irish venue plus other fatal racing accidents in 1955 brought an end to motor car racing at the Curragh. The 1951 Wakefield Trophy was won by the then 22-year-old Stirling Moss.

Education
The Curragh Camp has two primary schools (national schools); Curragh Girls' National School, Curragh Boys' National School. It has one secondary school, the Curragh Post Primary School (PPS), which has been situated beside the parade ground since 1933. Curragh Girls' School and Curragh PPS have approximately 200 pupils with a population of 191 as of 2015/16 school year. The Curragh Boys' School has 112 pupils.

Cultural references

The Curragh plains were used to film the battle scenes in the film Braveheart.
An Irish folk song is called The Curragh of Kildare.
The 2020 film Dating Amber was filmed and set in the Curragh.

See also
Curragh incident

Notes

References

External links
Curragh history and information

Ireland's oldest golf course
The Curragh Racecourse

Geography of County Kildare
Sports venues in County Kildare
Tourist attractions in County Kildare
Archaeological sites in County Kildare

The Curragh


Der Bredershof (früher auch Brederhof) ist eine Hofanlage in Niederdollendorf, einem Ortsteil der Stadt Königswinter im nordrhein-westfälischen Rhein-Sieg-Kreis. Er liegt an der Hauptstraße (Hausnummer 128). Der Bredershof steht als Baudenkmal unter Denkmalschutz.

Geschichte
Der Bredershof geht auf einen Freihof aus dem 17. Jahrhundert zurück, der den Junkern des Geschlechts von Breder gehörte, und wird dem fränkischen Hoftyp zugeordnet. Breder bzw. Bredder ist ein Name, der urkundlich erstmals im 16. Jahrhundert erwähnt wurde. Der Bredershof gehörte zu den einstmals sechs Freihöfen, die einen Geschworenen in das sog. Markgedinge des Kirchspiels Niederdollendorf entsendeten. Im 18. Jahrhundert war er Sitz des Richters des Amtes Löwenburg von Weiler. Um 1840 wurde der Bredershof von einem Winzer bewirtschaftet. Ab etwa 1882 diente er nach einem Besitzerwechsel weiterhin als Weingut, in der nachfolgenden Zeit kamen durch Ankauf weitere landwirtschaftlich genutzte Ländereien hinzu. Im Sommer 1894 erhielt der Betreiber eine Ausschankgenehmigung für Wein und Kaffee. Auf einem zugehörigen Grundstück am Sumpfweg entstand als Restaurant der "Rheinpavillon Brederhof". 1936 wurde das Weinkellergewölbe erweitert. Nach Aufgabe des Winzerbetriebs wurde der Bredershof, der das letzte Weingut in Niederdollendorf war, 1974 als Speisegaststätte neu eröffnet. Die ehemals zugehörigen Weingärten an der Godesberger Straße wurden Bauland. 1979 erfolgte nach zwischenzeitlichem Leerstand eine umfassende Renovierung des Anwesens. Von 1981 bis Ende der 1980er-Jahre diente es als Ausstellungslokal des Galeristen Hermann Wünsche, in dem unter anderem der US-amerikanische Künstler Andy Warhol ausstellte. Heute wird der Bredershof wieder als Gaststätte mit Innen- und Außengastronomie genutzt.

Die Eintragung des Bredershofs in die Denkmalliste der Stadt Königswinter erfolgte am 3. Oktober 1989.

Architektur
Zum Bredershof gehört ein zweigeschossiges Wohnhaus, ein seit Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts zum Teil verputzter Bruchsteinbau mit Fachwerk im Obergeschoss und hohem Walmdach. Rückwärtig befinden sich einraumtiefe Winkelanbauten. Die seitlichen Fenster erfuhren im 18. Jahrhundert eine Vergrößerung. Der Bredershof umfasst auch weitere Gebäude, die sich um einen Hof mit altem Baumbestand gruppieren: ein Kelterhaus, ein Fachwerkbau aus der Nachkriegszeit sowie ein neueres Torhaus. Das Kelterhaus enthält einen T-förmigen Gewölbekeller und ist zum Teil mit seiner ursprünglichen Ausstattung erhalten.

Literatur
  Angelika Schyma: Stadt Königswinter (= Denkmaltopographie Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Denkmäler im Rheinland, Band 23.5.). Rheinland-Verlag, Köln 1992, ISBN 3-7927-1200-8, S. 49, 199.
 Klaus Freckmann: Aspekte des historischen, ländlichen und kleinstädtischen Hausbaues am Siebengebirge. In: Burghart Schmidt, Klaus Freckmann (Hrsg.): Auf den Spuren alter Häuser – Jahrringdatierung und Bauweise. Lohmar im Bergischen Land, Siebengebirge (= Schriftenreihe zur Dendrochronologie und Bauforschung, Band 2). Jonas Verlag, Marburg 2001, ISBN 3-89445-298-6, S. 289–357 (hier: S. 302, Abb. S. 309–311).

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Baudenkmal in Königswinter
Niederdollendorf
Hauptstraße (Königswinter)
Gutshof in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Gehöft in Nordrhein-Westfalen

Bredershof


ස්වාධීන ජනරජය (1970)

බණ්ඩාරනායක මහත්මිය යටතේ ශ්‍රී ලංකාව නිදහස් ස්වාධීන ජනරජයක් බවට පත් විය. සෙනෙට් මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය අහෝසි කොට රාජ්‍ය භාෂාව ලෙස සිංහලයන්ට තිබුණු තැන ස්ථිර කළේය. (දෙමළ භාෂාව දෙවැනි භාෂාව විය) බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයට යටත් නොවූ නිදහස් ස්වාධීන ජනරජයක් වූයේ ඵ් යටත් වී සිටීමේ ගති ලක්ෂණ ඉවත් කර දැමීමයි. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස ශ්‍රෙෂ්ඨාධීකරණය ඉක්මවා ඵංගලන්තයේ ප්‍රිවි කවුන්සිලයට අභියාචනා කිරීමේ අවස්ථාව අවලංගු කිරීම දැක්විය හැක. බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් සතු වතු සමාගම් ජනසතු කරනු ලැබුවේ මාක්ස්වාදී ව්‍යපාරයේ මැතිවරණ පොරොන්දු ඉටුකිරීමක්ද වතු අයිතිකාර සමාගම්වල ඵ් වන විට පැවතුන ආයෝජන නොකිරීමද වැළැක්වීමද අරභයාය.

ආර්ථික ස්වාධීනත්වයක් කරා පස් අවුරුදු සැළසුමක් ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමේ උත්සාහයක්ද දරන ලද නමුත් විදේශ විනිමය හිඟ කමත් විශාල මුදලක් වැය වන සුබ සාධන වැඩපිළිවෙලක්ද 1974 දී ඇති වූ ඉන්ධන අර්බුදය ද හේතුවෙන් ඵය ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම දුෂ්කර විය. ඵ් සමගම අනපේක්ෂිතව පැමිණි නියඟයක් නිසා ලක්වාසී ජනතාවගේ ප්‍රධාන ආහාර භෝගය වූ වී වගාවට බරපතල හානි සිදු විය. බර කර්මාන්ත ක්ෂෙත්‍රයේ මෝටර්රථ අමතර කොටස්වල හා ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික භාණ්ඩ නිෂ්පාදනයේ ඉදිරි පිම්මක් සඳහා කටයුතු කරන ලදී. රාජ්‍ය සංස්ථා මගින් ක්‍රියාත්මක වූ දැඩි විමධ්‍යගත ආර්ථිකය ඉතා මන්දගාමි ඵකක් විය.

1971 දී මාඕවාදී නැතහොත් චේගුවේරා ආදී විවිධ නම්වලින් හැඳින්වූ ජනතා විමුක්ති පෙරමුණු කැරැල්ලක් දියත් කළේය. ඵය ආරම්භ කරන ලද්දේ සෝවියට් දේශයේ ලුමුම්බා සරසවියේ ඉගෙනුම ලැබූ මාක්ස්වාදියෙකු වූ රෝහණ විජේවීර විසිනි. ඔහුගේ ව්‍යපාරය ලංකාවේ ඵවකට බලයේ සිටි මාක්ස්වාදී පක්ෂ සමග සම්බන්ධ නොවීය. ඵකී කැරැල්ලට සම්බන්ධ වූ බොහෝ ත්‍රස්තවාදී පිරිස නිදහසෙන් පසු ඇති වූ ජනගහන වර්ධනයත් සමග බිහි වූ රැකියා විරහිත උගත් තරුණයන් වූහ. ඵකි කැරැල්ල ඉතා අමානුෂික ලෙස මර්ධනය කරන ලදී. ඵහෙත් ජනතා විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ ශ්‍රි ලංකා වාමාංශික සිංහල ජාතිවාදී දේශපාලනයේ හඬක් බවට පත් වූයේ සිරිල් මැතිව් මූලිකත්වයෙන් යුතු වූ දක්ශිණාංෂික යූ.ඇන්.පී. ව්‍යපාර හා සමගාමි වෙමිනි. 1956 දි ආයුධ සන්නද්ධ දෙමළ සන්ධානයක් (උදා. පුලිපඩෙයි) නමින් ත්‍රිකුණාමලයේ බිහි විය. 1976 දි දමිළ නොවන අය යාපනය සරසවියෙන් ජනවාර්ගිකව ඉවත් කර පිරිසිදු කිරීමක් සිදු වූ අතර මුස්ලිම් සහ සිංහල වැසියන් යාපනය නගරයෙන් ඉවත් කර නගරය ජනවාර්ගික වශයෙන් ශුද්ධ කිරීම ක්‍රියාත්මක විය.

අන්තවාදී දෙමළ කණ්ඩායම් කොළඹ මුල් කර ගෙන තිබුණු ප්‍රධාන ද්‍රවිඩ ඵක්සත් විමුක්ති පෙරමුණේ නායකත්වය ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කළහ. ඔවුන් අතින් දෙමළ රජයේ සේවකයන් හා රජය සමග සම්බන්ධකම් පැවැත්වූ දෙමළ මන්ත්‍රීවරුන් හිරිහැරයට ලක් විය. 1975 දී යාපනය පුරපති ඝාතනය කෙරුණි. ආයුධ සන්නද්ධ පිරිස ඔවුන්ගේ ස්වාධීනත්වය ද අයිතිවාසිකම් සහ සාම්ප්‍රධායික නිජ භූමියද ඉල්ලමින් දෙමළ විමුක්ති කොටි සංවිධානය (LTTE) නම් වූ ආයුධ සන්නද්ධ බෙදුම්වාදී සංවිධානයක් පිහිටුවා ගත්තේ ඊලම් යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන දෙමළ ස්වාධීන රාජ්‍යයක් බිහි කිරීමේ අරමුණෙනි. මෙයට ඉන්දීය දේශපාලඥයන්ගේ ආධාර හා ද්‍රව්‍යයමය අධාර ද ලැබුනේයැයි විශ්වාස කළ හැක. රජය නොදැනීම වාගේ අභ්‍යන්තර යුද්ධයක් කරා තල්ලු වූ අතර සයනයිට් කරල් පලඳින, කැමැත්තෙන් දිවි තොර කරගන්නා සුවිශේෂී සේනාංක ද බිහි විය.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sri_Lanka#Independent_republic_.281970_to_present.29

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසය

ලංකා ඉතිහාසය-ස්වාධීන ජනරජය (1970)


An Masdevallia eurynogaster in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlyle August Luer ngan Angel Andreetta. An Masdevallia eurynogaster in nahilalakip ha genus nga Masdevallia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Masdevallia

Masdevallia eurynogaster


Arantza Sestayo (1964 en San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España) es una pintora e ilustradora española.

Ha colaborado con diferentes publicaciones estadounidenses como Heavy Metal, Rebel Ink o SQP, con revistas de Noruega y Dinamarca y la revista belga Rooie Oortjes. En España publica actualmente en Norma Editorial y Dibbuks, estando presente en eventos relacionados con el cómic y el cine como "Expocomic", "Expomanga", "Salón del Cómic de Irun", "Cavacon" en Cava de Tirreni (Italia) o el Festival de cine de terror de San Sebastián.

En sus creaciones, sensuales y eróticas, influidas por la pintura prerrafaelista y el Art Nouveau, aparecen con frecuencia personajes fantásticos de carácter romántico, oscuro y melancólico relacionados con el universo gótico.

Publicaciones
 The Art of Arantza (2005)
 Duende
 Besos Malditos (2010)
 Vampiros, El Mundo de las Sombras Ilustrado (Varios autores, 2010)
 Spectrum, The Best in Contemporary Fantastic Art, Números 19,20,21,22,23 y 24 (Varios autores, 2012 a 2017)
 A Game of Thrones: The 20th Anniversary Illustrated Edition, de George R.R.Martin (Varios autores, 2016)

Exposiciones y premios
 III Salón del Cómic de Irún
 Madrid Expomanga 2011
 XXII Semana de Cine Fantástico y de Terror de San Sebastián
 Mejor Obra Ilustrada, en el Salón del Cómic de Málaga, Imaginamálaga en 2010, por Besos Malditos.
 Selección en la Edición de The World`s Greatest Erotic Art of Today ( Florida) de 2007 por la obra Nosferatum.
 Finalista en categoría Figurativa, por "Lilas",  INTERNATIONAL 2011-2012 ART RENEWAL CENTER SALON.
 Finalista en categoría Imaginative Realism, 13th Annual ARC Salon (2017), por "The Princess and the Pea".
 Third Place Imaginative Realism, 13th Annual ARC Salon (2017), por "Ophelia".

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial de Arantza Sestayo.

Ilustradores de España
Pintores de España del siglo XX
Pintoras de España
Nacidos en San Sebastián

Arantza Sestayo


ليلى مراكشي مخرجة مغربية من مواليد 10 ديسمبر 1975، مقيمة في فرنسا بدأت مسيرتها الإخراجية أول مرة سنة 2005 بفلم ماروك الذي خلق ضجة كبيرة في المغرب. ليلى متزوجة من المخرج اليهودي السفاردي ألكسندر أجا، ابن المخرج الفرنسي ألكسندر أركادي الذي كان أحد المستوطنين الفرنسيين في المغرب العربي.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من الدار البيضاء
خريجو ثانوية ليانتيه (الدار البيضاء)
مخرجات أفلام مغربيات
مخرجو أفلام مغاربة
مغاربة من أصل فرنسي
مواليد 1395 هـ
مواليد 1975
مواليد في الدار البيضاء

ليلى المراكشي


Dværgsnegås () er en andefugl, der lever i nærheden af de nordlige kyster af Canadas og Alaskas tundra.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Gæs

Dværgsnegås