Der Gibson EB-3 ist ein von 1961 bis 1979 hergestelltes E-Bass-Modell des US-amerikanischen Musikinstrumentenherstellers Gibson Guitar Corporation. Der E-Bass erinnert wegen seiner Korpusform an das Gibson-E-Gitarren-Modell Gibson SG und wird daher auch SG-Bass genannt.

Geschichte
Der Vorgänger des Gibson EB-3 war das Modell EB-0, das von 1959 bis 1979 gebaut wurde. Dieses Modell hatte als elektromagnetischen Tonabnehmer einen einzelnen, doppelspuligen Humbucker in Halsposition. Dieser Tonabnehmer wird aufgrund seines sehr dumpfen und basslastigen Tones, der durch die Varitone-Höhenblende zusätzlich gedämpft werden kann, von Musikern scherzhaft "" genannt (deutsch, sinngemäß: "Matscher"); Kritiker bemängeln die eingeschränkten Klangmöglichkeiten des Modells. Beim Nachfolgemodell EB-3 kam ein zweiter Tonabnehmer im Format Mini-Humbucker in Stegposition hinzu, der für etwas höhenreichere und damit für im Ensemblespiel durchsetzungsfähigere Klänge sorgte.

Modifikationen
Von 1969 bis 1971 wurde der EB-3 mit einer von zwei Fenstern durchbrochenen Kopfplatte gebaut, ähnlich der Kopfplatte einer Konzertgitarre ("Fenster-Kopfplatte", ). Im Jahr 1971 kam eine Variante des Modells mit langer, 34 Zoll messender Mensur () unter dem Namen EB-3L heraus, die jedoch zu starker Kopflastigkeit neigte. Im selben Jahr wurde der zuvor aus Amerikanischem Mahagoni hergestellte Hals des Modells durch einen aus dem härteren Ahornholz gefertigten ersetzt, und die Tonabnehmer wurden näher aneinander gerückt, um einen insgesamt helleren, höhenreicheren Ton zu erzielen.

Heute wird von Gibson eine Weiterentwicklung des EB-3 unter dem Namen SG Standard Bass beziehungsweise zuvor als SG Reissue angeboten. Die Gibson-Tochterfirma Epiphone vertreibt einen Nachbau des EB-3.

Bekannte EB-3-Spieler

Größere Bekanntheit erlangte der Gibson EB-3 durch den englischen Rockmusik-Bassisten Jack Bruce, der das Modell auf allen Alben der Rockband Cream verwendete – mit Ausnahme des ersten Albums der Band, auf dem stattdessen das sechssaitige E-Bass-Modell Fender VI eingesetzt wurde. Bruce spielte den Gibson-Bass vorwiegend in hoher Lautstärke über Verstärkeranlagen des britischen Herstellers Marshall. So erreichte er einen verzerrten Klang, der ihn zu solistischem, gitarrenähnlichen Spiel inspirierte. Dieser Ton verband sich harmonisch mit dem Klang seines Gitarristen-Kollegen Eric Clapton. Neben Jack Bruce spielten unter anderem Andy Fraser (Free), Trevor Bolder (bei David Bowie) und Glenn Cornick (Jethro Tull Bourrée) dieses Modell; Mike Watt nutzt den EB-3 seit einigen Jahren live als Hauptinstrument. Die Variante mit nur einem Tonabnehmer, der EB-0, wurde unter anderem von David Knights (Procol Harum) und Felix Pappalardi (Mountain) eingesetzt.

Literatur
 Verschiedene Autoren: The Story of Gibson Basses, Teile 1 und 2. In: Bass Professor, deutschsprachige Fachzeitschrift für Bassisten, Hefte 4/2007 und 1/2008.

Weblinks

 Die Neuauflage des Modells EB-3 der Gibson SG Standard Bass auf der offiziellen Gibson-Firmenwebsite (abgerufen am 23. August 2019)

Einzelnachweise

EB3
E-Bass nach Hersteller

Gibson EB-3


Lufa (lat. Luffa), rod tropskog suptropskog bilja iz Afrike, Amerike, Indijskog potkontinenta i Australije. Pripada mu sedam vrsta korisnog i uresnog, jednogodišnjeg raslinja, penjačica iz porodice Cucurbitaceae. Neke vrste se uzgajaju i uvezene su po drugim državama a njihovi plodovi se jedu kao povrće.

Vrste
 Luffa acutangula
 Luffa aegyptiaca
 Luffa echinata
 Luffa graveolens
 Luffa operculata
 Luffa saccata
 Luffa sepium

Izvori

Tikvovke

Lufa


Harry Morgan (born Harry Bratsberg; April 10, 1915 – December 7, 2011) was an American actor whose television and film career spanned six decades. Morgan's major roles included Pete Porter in both December Bride (1954–1959) and Pete and Gladys (1960–1962); Officer Bill Gannon on Dragnet (1967–1970); Amos Coogan on Hec Ramsey (1972–1974); and his starring role as Colonel Sherman T. Potter in M*A*S*H (1975–1983) and AfterMASH (1983–1985). Morgan also appeared as a supporting player in more than 100 films.

Early life and career
Morgan was born Harry Bratsberg in Detroit, the son of Hannah and Henry Bratsberg. His parents were of Swedish and Norwegian ancestry. In his interview with the Archive of American Television, Morgan spelled his Norwegian family surname as "Brasburg". Many sources, however, including some family records, list the spelling as "Bratsburg". According to one source, when Morgan's father Henry registered at junior high school, "the registrar spelled it Brasburg instead of Bratsberg. Bashful Henry did not demur."

Morgan was raised in Muskegon, Michigan, and graduated from Muskegon High School in 1933, where he achieved distinction as a statewide debating champion. He originally aspired to a J.D. degree, but began acting while a junior at the University of Chicago in 1935.

He began acting on stage under his birth name, in 1937, joining the Group Theatre in New York City formed by Harold Clurman, Cheryl Crawford, and Lee Strasberg in 1931. He appeared in the original production of the Clifford Odets play Golden Boy, followed by a host of successful Broadway roles alongside such other Group members as Lee J. Cobb, Elia Kazan, John Garfield, Sanford Meisner, and Karl Malden. Morgan also did summer stock at the Pine Brook Country Club located in the countryside of Nichols, Connecticut.

Film work

Morgan made his screen debut (originally using the name "Henry Morgan") in the 1942 movie To the Shores of Tripoli. His screen name later became "Henry 'Harry' Morgan" and eventually Harry Morgan, to avoid confusion with the popular humorist of the same name.

In the same year, Morgan appeared in the movie Orchestra Wives as a young man pushing his way to the front of a ballroom crowd with his date to hear Glenn Miller's band play. A few years later, still credited as Henry Morgan, he was cast in the role of pianist Chummy MacGregor in the 1954 biopic The Glenn Miller Story.

Morgan continued to play a number of significant roles on the big screen in such films as The Ox-Bow Incident (1943) with Henry Fonda, Wing and a Prayer (1944), A Bell for Adano (1945), State Fair (1945), Dragonwyck (1946) with Walter Huston, The Gangster (1947), The Big Clock (1948) with Charles Laughton, The Well (1951), High Noon (1952) with Gary Cooper and Grace Kelly, Torch Song (1953) with Joan Crawford, and several films in the 1950s for director Anthony Mann starring James Stewart, including Bend of the River (1952), Thunder Bay (1953), The Glenn Miller Story (1954), The Far Country (1955), and Strategic Air Command (1955). In his later film career, he appeared in Inherit the Wind (1960) with Spencer Tracy and Fredric March, How the West Was Won (1962) (as Ulysses S. Grant) with John Wayne, John Goldfarb, Please Come Home! (1965) with Peter Ustinov, Frankie and Johnny (1966) with Elvis Presley and Donna Douglas, The Flim-Flam Man (1967) with George C. Scott, Support Your Local Sheriff! (1969) with James Garner, Support Your Local Gunfighter (1971) also with James Garner, Snowball Express (1972) with Keenan Wynn, The Shootist (1976) with John Wayne and Lauren Bacall, The Wild Wild West Revisited (1979) with Robert Conrad, and as Captain Gannon in the theatrical film version of Dragnet (1987) with Dan Aykroyd and Tom Hanks.

Radio and television
Morgan hosted the NBC radio series Mystery in the Air starring Peter Lorre in 1947. On CBS, he played Pete Porter in Pete and Gladys (1960–1962), with Cara Williams as wife Gladys. Pete and Gladys was a spin-off of December Bride (1954–1959), starring Spring Byington, a show in which Morgan had a popular recurring role. In 1950, Morgan appeared as an obtrusive, alcohol-addled hotel clerk in the Dragnet radio episode "The Big Boys".

1960s: Dragnet and other roles

After Pete and Gladys ended production, Morgan guest-starred in the role of Al Everett in the 1962 episode "Like My Own Brother" on Gene Kelly's ABC drama series, Going My Way, loosely based on the 1944 Bing Crosby film of the same name. That same year, he played the mobster Bugs Moran in an episode of ABC's The Untouchables, with Robert Stack. In 1963, he was cast as Sheriff Ernie Backwater on Richard Boone's Have Gun – Will Travel Western series on CBS, then worked as a regular cast member on the 1963–64 anthology series The Richard Boone Show.

In the 1964–1965 season, Morgan co-starred as Seldom Jackson in the 26-week NBC comedy/drama Kentucky Jones, starring Dennis Weaver, formerly of Gunsmoke.

Morgan is even more widely recognized as Officer Bill Gannon, Joe Friday's partner in the revived version of Dragnet (1967–1970).

Morgan had also appeared with Dragnet star Jack Webb in three film noir movies, Dark City (1950), Appointment with Danger (1951) and Pete Kelly's Blues (1955), and was an early regular member of Jack Webb's stock company of actors on the original Dragnet radio show. Morgan later worked on two other shows for Webb: 1971's The D.A. and the 1972–1974 Western series, Hec Ramsey. Morgan also appeared in four episodes of Gunsmoke ("The Witness" – aired 11/23/1970, "Milligan" - aired 11/6/72, "The Wiving" - aired 10/14/1974 and "Brides and Grooms", sequel to The Wiving - aired 2/10/1975).

Morgan appeared in the role of Inspector Richard Queen, uncle of Ellery Queen in the 1971 television film Ellery Queen: Don't Look Behind You.

1970s: M*A*S*H

Morgan's first appearance on M*A*S*H was in the show's third season (1974–1975), when he played the mentally unbalanced Major General Bartford Hamilton Steele in "The General Flipped at Dawn", which first aired on September 10, 1974.

The following season, Morgan joined the cast of M*A*S*H as Colonel Sherman T. Potter. A fan of the sitcom, Morgan replaced McLean Stevenson, who left the show at the end of the previous season. Unlike Stevenson's character Henry Blake, Potter was a career Army officer who was a firm yet good-humored, caring father figure to those under his command.

In 1980, Morgan won an Emmy Award for his performance on M*A*S*H. When asked if he was a better actor after working with the show's talented cast, Morgan responded, "I don't know about that, but it's made me a better human being." After the end of the series, Morgan reprised the Potter role in a short-lived spinoff series, AfterMASH.

Morgan also appeared in several Disney movies throughout the decade, including The Barefoot Executive, Snowball Express, Charley and the Angel, The Apple Dumpling Gang, The Cat from Outer Space (opposite McLean Stevenson) and The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again.

Later years
In 1986, he co-starred with Hal Linden in Blacke's Magic, a show about a magician who doubled as a detective solving unusual crimes. One season was made. Morgan's character, Leonard Blacke, was a semiretired con artist.

In 1987, Morgan reprised his Bill Gannon character, now a captain, for a supporting role in another film version of Dragnet, a parody and homage to the original series written by and starring Dan Aykroyd and costarring Tom Hanks and Christopher Plummer.

In 1987–1988, Morgan starred in the one-season situation comedy series You Can't Take It with You as family patriarch Martin Vanderhof.

In the 1990s, Morgan starred alongside Walter Matthau in a series of television movies for CBS as Stoddard Bell, a judge who is an acquaintance/nemesis/partner of Matthau's Harmon Cobb, an attorney (The Incident; An Incident in Baltimore, and Incident in a Small Town). He also lent his voice to an episode of The Simpsons from season seven, where he once again played Bill Gannon; in the episode "Mother Simpson", Gannon and Joe Friday (voiced by Harry Shearer) are FBI agents trying to track down Homer's mother, who is a fugitive from justice.

Morgan also had a recurring role on 3rd Rock from the Sun as Professor Suter, a colleague of Dick Solomon's. Morgan directed episodes for several TV series, including two episodes of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, two episodes of Hec Ramsey, and one episode of Adam-12. Morgan had a guest role on The Jeff Foxworthy Show as Raymond and a guest role on Grace Under Fire as Jean's pot-smoking boyfriend.

In 2006, Morgan was inducted into the Hall of Great Western Performers at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Personal life
Morgan's first marriage was to Eileen Detchon from 1940 until her death in 1985. During Morgan's time on M*A*S*H, a photograph of Detchon regularly appeared on the desk of his character. A drawing of a horse, seen on the wall behind Potter's desk, was drawn by Morgan's grandson, Jeremy Morgan. In addition, Eileen was the name of the wife of Officer Bill Gannon on Dragnet. Morgan had four sons with his first wife: Christopher, Charles, Paul, and Daniel (who died in 1989).

He then married Barbara Bushman Quine (granddaughter of silent film star Francis X. Bushman) on December 17, 1986. The marriage lasted until his death. In July 1996, he was arrested on domestic battery charges for striking his wife Barbara which caused her to be admitted to the hospital. The case was later dismissed.

Morgan had two siblings, Marguerite and Arnold (both deceased).

Morgan was close friends with bandleader Glenn Miller, whom he met while filming Orchestra Wives in 1942, until Miller's death two years later. Morgan was later cast in the 1954 movie about his friend, The Glenn Miller Story, playing Chummy MacGregor.

Death
Morgan died peacefully in his sleep at 3:00 a.m. local time in Los Angeles, on December 7, 2011, at the age of 96. His son, Charles, said he recently had been treated for pneumonia. His body was cremated and his remains were given to his family.

Following Morgan's death, Mike Farrell, who played B.J. Hunnicutt opposite Morgan in M*A*S*H, released a statement:

Filmography

Films

To the Shores of Tripoli (1942) as Mouthy
The Loves of Edgar Allan Poe (1942) as Ebenezer Burling
The Omaha Trail (1942) as Henchman Nat
Orchestra Wives (1942) as Cully Anderson
Crash Dive (1943) as Brownie
The Ox-Bow Incident (1943) as Art Croft
Happy Land (1943) as Anton 'Tony' Cavrek
The Eve of St. Mark (1944) as Pvt. Shevlin
Roger Touhy, Gangster (1944) as Thomas J. 'Smoke' Reardon
Wing and a Prayer (1944) as Ens. Malcolm Brainard
Gentle Annie (1944) as Cottonwood Goss
A Bell for Adano (1945) as Capt. N. Purvis
State Fair (1945) as Barker
From This Day Forward (1946) as Hank Beesley
Johnny Comes Flying Home (1946) as Joe Patillo
Dragonwyck (1946) as Klaas Bleecker
Somewhere in the Night (1946) as Bath Attendant (uncredited)
It Shouldn't Happen to a Dog (1946) as Gus Rivers
Crime Doctor's Man Hunt (1946) as Jervis (uncredited)
The Gangster (1947) as Shorty
The Big Clock (1948) as Bill Womack
All My Sons (1948) as Frank Lubey
Race Street (1948) as Hal Towers
The Saxon Charm (1948) as Hermy
Moonrise (1948) as Billy Scripture
Yellow Sky (1948) as Half Pint
Down to the Sea in Ships (1949) as Britton
The Beautiful Blonde from Bashful Bend (1949) as Hoodlum (uncredited)
Madame Bovary (1949) as Hyppolite
Strange Bargain (1949) as Lt. Richard Webb
Red Light (1949) as Rocky
Holiday Affair (1949) as Police Lieutenant
Hello Out There (1949) as The Young Gambler
Outside the Wall (1950) as Garth
The Showdown (1950) as Rod Main
Dark City (1950) as Soldier
Belle Le Grand (1951) as Abel Stone
When I Grow Up (1951) as Father Reed (modern)
Appointment with Danger (1951) as George Soderquist
The Highwayman (1951) as Tim
The Well (1951) as Claude Packard
The Blue Veil (1951) as Charles Hall
Boots Malone (1952) as Quarter Horse Henry
Scandal Sheet (1952) as Biddle
Bend of the River (1952) as Shorty
My Six Convicts (1952) as Dawson
High Noon (1952) as Sam Fuller
What Price Glory? (1952) as Sgt. Moran (uncredited)
Big Jim McLain (1952) as Narrator (voice, uncredited)
Apache War Smoke (1952) as Ed Cotten
Toughest Man in Arizona (1952) as Verne Kimber
Stop, You're Killing Me (1952) as Innocence
Thunder Bay (1953) as Rawlings
Arena (1953) as Lew Hutchins
Champ for a Day (1953) as Al Muntz
Torch Song (1953) as Joe Denner
The Glenn Miller Story (1954) as Chummy
Prisoner of War (1954) as Maj. O.D. Hale
The Forty-Niners (1954) as Alf Billings
About Mrs. Leslie (1954) as Fred Blue
The Far Country (1954) as Ketchum
Strategic Air Command (1955) as Sgt. Bible (flight engineer)
Not as a Stranger (1955) as Oley
Pete Kelly's Blues (1955) (uncredited)
The Bottom of the Bottle (1956) as Felix – Barkeep
Backlash (1956) as Tony Welker
Operation Teahouse (1956) as Himself
UFO (1956) as "Red Dog 1" (voice)
Star in the Dust (1956) as Lew Hogan
The Teahouse of the August Moon (1956) as Sgt. Gregovich
Under Fire (1957) as Sgt. Joseph C. Dusak
It Started with a Kiss (1959) as Charles Meriden
The Mountain Road (1960) as Sgt. 'Mike' Michaelson
Inherit the Wind (1960) as Judge Mel Coffey
Cimarron (1960) as Jesse Rickey
How the West Was Won (1962) as Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
John Goldfarb, Please Come Home (1965) as Secretary of State Deems Sarajevo
Frankie and Johnny (1966) as Cully
What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? (1966) as Maj. Pott
The Flim-Flam Man (1967) as Sheriff Slade
Star Spangled Salesman (1968) as TV Cop
Support Your Local Sheriff! (1969) as Olly Perkins
Viva Max! (1969) as Chief of Police Sylvester
The Barefoot Executive (1971) as E.J. Crampton
Support Your Local Gunfighter! (1971) as Taylor
Scandalous John (1971) as Sheriff Pippin
Snowball Express (1972) as Jesse McCord
Charley and the Angel (1973) as The Angel formerly Roy Zerney
The Apple Dumpling Gang (1975) as Homer McCoy
The Shootist (1976) as Marshall Thibido
Maneaters Are Loose! (1978) as Toby Waites
The Cat from Outer Space (1978) as General Stilton
The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again (1979) as Maj. T.P. Gaskill
The Wild Wild West Revisited (TV, 1979) as Robert T. Malone
More Wild Wild West (TV, 1980) as Robert T. Malone
Scout's Honor (TV, 1980) as Mr. Briggs
The Flight of Dragons (1982) as Carolinus (voice)
Sparkling Cyanide (TV, 1983) as Captain Kemp
Dragnet (1987) as Gannon
14 Going on 30 (TV, 1988) as Uncle Herb
The Incident (TV, 1990) as Judge Bell
Against Her Will: An Incident in Baltimore (TV, 1992) as Judge Bell
Incident in a Small Town (TV, 1994) as Judge Bell
Wild Bill: Hollywood Maverick (1996)
Family Plan (1997) as Sol Rubins
Crosswalk (1999) as Dr. Chandler

TV
Have Gun Will Travel (1958) A Snare for Murder as Fred Braus; American Primitive (1963) as Sheriff Ernie Backwater
Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1959) Episode 159 Anniversary Gift as Hermie Jenkins
The Untouchables (1962) Episode 100 Double Cross as George Bugs Moran
Pete and Gladys (1960–1962)
Dragnet (1967–1970)
M*A*S*H (1975-1983)
The Bastard (TV miniseries, 1978) as Capt. Caleb
The Love Boat (1978)
Backstairs at the White House (TV miniseries, 1979) as President Harry S. Truman
AfterMASH (1983 - 1984)
Murder, She Wrote (1987) Season 3, Episode 21 "The Days Dwindle Down" as Retired Lt. Richard Webb
You Can't Take It with You (1987–1988) as Martin Vanderhof
The Simpsons (1995) Episode 136 "Mother Simpson" as Bill Gannon
3rd Rock from the Sun (1996) as Professor Suter

References

External links

1915 births
2011 deaths
American people of Scandinavian descent
20th-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American people of Norwegian descent
American people of Swedish descent
American television directors
Television personalities from Los Angeles
California Democrats
Deaths from pneumonia in California
Male actors from Detroit
Male actors from Los Angeles
Male Western (genre) film actors
Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
People from Muskegon, Michigan
University of Chicago alumni

Harry Morgan


Gabriel Pérsico (* 1955 in Buenos Aires) ist ein argentinischer Flötist und Musikpädagoge.

Pérsico studierte Musik an der Universidad Nacional de La Plata und erlangte den Doktorgrad an der Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Er studierte Blockflöte bei Mario Videla und Gustavo Samela sowie in Bologna bei Pedro Memelsdorff, Querflöte bei Alfredo Ianelli, Barockflöte bei Wilbert Hazelzet in Den Haag, Kammermusik bei Tomás Tichauer, Musikanalyse und Komposition bei Mariano Etkin und Francisco Kröpfl sowie Musikerziehung bei Judith Ackoschky. Er unterrichtet Blockflöte am Conservatorio Nacional de Música "Carlos L. Buchardo" und am Conservatorio de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, hat den Lehrstuhl für Musikgeschichte an der Fakultät für Kunst- und Musikwissenschaft der Universidad Católica Argentina und leitet dort das Centro de Estudios de Música Antigua (CEMAn).

Als Flötensolist trat Pérsico u. a. mit dem Orquesta de Cámara de la Municipalidad de La Plata, der Camerata Bariloche, der Academia Bach, dem Conjunto Pro Música de Rosario, dem Orquesta Barroca del Mercosur, dem Orquesta Barroca del Plata und dem Orquesta Barroca del Suquía auf; als Kammermusiker arbeitete mit Gruppen für alte und Kammermusik wie der Vokal- und Instrumentalgruppe Juglerías", den Gruppen Pro Arte de Flautas Dulces de Buenos Aires und In nomine, dem Quartett Novus und dem Quintett von Gabriel Senanes zusammen. Duoformationen bildete er mit der Gitarristin Silvia Fernández und dem Cembalisten Marcelo Bussi. Zeitgenössische Musik führte er mit der Agrupación Nueva Música, der Asociación Argentina de Compositores, der
Fundación San Telmo und der von Carmelo Saitta geleiteten Grupo de Investigación e Improvisación Musical (GEIM) auf.

Diskographie
La Flauta Dulce en Francia
La Flauta Dulce en Inglaterra
Juglerías
Ruidos y ruiditos III
Ruidos y ruiditos IV
Flauta barroca y clave
Improvisaciones
El gusto de los Luises
Domenico Zipoli

Weblink
Homepage von Gabriel Pérsico

Quellen
La Barroca del Suquia - Gabriel Pérsico
Musica Poetica - ensamble barroco - Gabriel Pérsico

Blockflötist
Klassischer Flötist
Musiker (Argentinien)
Musikpädagoge
Hochschullehrer (Päpstliche Katholische Universität von Argentinien)
Argentinier
Geboren 1955
Mann

Gabriel Pérsico


جنيفيف نناجي (ولدت في 3 مايو 1979)، هي ممثلة ومغنية نيجيرية. حصلت في عام 2005 على جائزة أفضل ممثلة من أكاديمية السينما الأفريقية.

البدايات
ولدت في مبيسي التابعة لولاية إيمو في نيجيريا. نشأت جنيفيف نناجي في مدينة لاغوس، العاصمة التجارية لنيجيريا. وهي كانت الرابعة بين ثمانية أبناء لأسرة من الطبقة المتوسطة. كان والدها يعمل مهندساً ووالدتها تعمل معلمة. درست في الكلية المنهجية (الميثودية) للبنات في يابا قبل أن تتلحق بجامعة لاغوس. وبينما كانت في جامعة لاغوس بدأت في خوض تجارب آداء من أجل التمثيل لدى العديد من مشروعات نوليوود (صناعة السينما النيجيرية).

حياتها المهنية

بدأت جنيفيف التمثيل عندما كانت في الثامنة من عمرها في المسلسل التليفزيوني ريبلز (تموجات). إلى جانب قيامها بالتمثيل في إعلانات عديدة من بينها مشروب برونتو ومسحوق التنظيف أومو. وفي عام 2004 أصبحت الوجه الرسمي لصابون لوكس والذي يعد صفقة رعاية مربحة للغاية.

عندما كانت في سن التاسعة عشر، وضعت قدمها للمرة الأولى في صناعة السينما النيجيرية النامية بدورها في فيلم موست وانتد (مطلوب على وجه السرعة). شملت أفلامها اللاحقة لاست بارتي (الحفل الأخير) ومارك أوف ذا بيست (علامة الوحش) وإيجيلي. قامت جنيفيف بالتمثيل في أكثر من ثمانين فيلم نيجيري.

حصلت جنيفيف على العديد من الجوائز من بينها ترشيحها لجائزة أفضل ممثلة عن عام 2001 في جوائز سيتي بيبل إلى جانب حصولها على جائزة أفضل ممثلة عام 2005 في مسابقة أكاديمية السينما الأفريقية (AMAA).

قامت جنيفيف عام 2004 بتوقيع عقد تسجيل مع شركة أي كيه بي للإنتاج الفني، وهي شركة غانية للإنتاج الغنائي، وقامت بإصدار البومها الأول ون لوجولوجو لاين الذي يمثل مزيجاً من موسيقى الآر أن بي والهيب هوب والموسيقى الحضرية.

وشهد عام 2008 تدشين خط إنتاج الملابس الخاص بها الملقب بسانت جنيفيف والذي يتبرع بنسبة مئوية من العائدات للاعمال الخيرية.

تعد جنيفيف نناجي أحد أعلى الممثلات أجراً في نوليوود.

قائمة الأفلام

روابط خارجية

المصادر

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء وسام جمهورية فدرالية
خريجو جامعة لاغوس
شخصيات أعمال نيجيرية في صناعة الترفيه
شخصيات إعلامية نيجيرية
شخصيات تلفزيونية نيجيرية
فائزات بجائزة الأكاديمية الإفريقية للأفلام لأفضل ممثلة في دور رئيسي
مخرجو أفلام نيجيريون
مغنون نيجيريون في القرن 21
مغنيات في القرن 21
مغنيات نيجيريات
مغنيات نيجيريات في القرن 21
ممثلات أطفال نيجيريون
ممثلات أفلام نيجيريات
ممثلات تلفزيون نيجيريات
ممثلات من لاغوس
ممثلات من ولاية إيمو
ممثلات نيجيريات في القرن 20
ممثلات نيجيريات في القرن 21
منتجو أفلام نيجيريون
مواليد 1979
موسيقيو ريذم أند بلوز نيجيريون
نيجيريون
نيجيريون ناشطون في حقوق المرأة

جنيفيف نناجي


පහත දැක්වෙන්නේ හෙයිටි රාජ්‍යයේ රජයේ නිවාඩු දිනයන්ය.  බොහෝ වූඩූ නිවාඩු දිනයන්ද සමරන මුත්, ඒවා රජයේ නිවාඩු දිනයන් ලෙසින් නොසැලකෙයි.

ආශ්‍රිත

හෙයිටි
නිවාඩු දිනයන්
හෙයිටියානු සංස්කෘතිය

හෙයිටිහී රජයේ නිවාඩු දිනයන්


Yenimahalle, Kırklareli ilinin Babaeski ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1909'dan beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Kırklareli il merkezine 24 km, Babaeski ilçe merkezine 24 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Babaeski belde ve köyleri

Yenimahalle, Babaeski


An electric violin is a violin equipped with an electronic output of its sound. The term most properly refers to an instrument intentionally made to be electrified with built-in pickups, usually with a solid body. It can also refer to a violin fitted with an electric pickup of some type, although "amplified violin" or "electro-acoustic violin" are more accurate then.

History
Electrically amplified violins have been used in one form or another since the 1920s; jazz and blues artist Stuff Smith is generally credited as being one of the first performers to adapt pickups and amplifiers to violins.  The Electro Stringed Instrument Corporation, National String Instrument Corporation and Vega Company sold electric violins in the 1930s and 1940s; Fender advertised an electric violin in 1958 (first production model pictured at the head of this page) but withdrew it at the point of production. After Fender was bought by CBS, the electric violin went into production in 1969 until 1975.

Barcus Berry have been producing electric violins since the mid-1960s and in the early 1970s Max Mathews began developing an electric violin which reached completion in 1984 During the 1980s more companies were formed producing their own brand of electric violin, such as RAAD or The Amazing Electric Violin and ZETA. There has been a great deal more commercial success for manufacturers of electric violins since the 1990s, both for well known, established companies and new independent makers too.

Description

Acoustic violins may be used with an add-on piezoelectric bridge or body pickup, or a magnetic pickup attached to the fingerboard end. Alternatively, an electrodynamic pickup can be installed under an acoustic violin's fingerboard avoiding interference with any tone-producing parts of the violin, and therefore keeping its acoustic resonances and tone intact.

To avoid feedback from the resonances of the hollow body under high amplification on stage, many instruments have a solid body instead. The timbre (tone color) of a standard unamplified violin is due in large part to these resonances, but so depending on how the signal is picked up, an electric violin may have a "rawer" or "sharper" sound than an acoustic. This raw sound is often preferred in rock, pop and some avant-garde genres. Several "semi-hollow" designs exist, containing a sealed, but hollow resonating chamber that provides some approximation of acoustic violin sound while reducing susceptibility to feedback.

Solid-body electric violins typically have a non-traditional, minimalistic design to keep weight down. Lately, materials such as kevlar, glass and carbon fibres, are used in the build process.

They are often seen as "experimental" instruments, being less established than electric guitar or bass. Hence, there are many variations on the standard design, such as frets, extra strings, machine heads, "baritone" strings that sound an octave lower than normal, and sympathetic strings. Luthier Yuri Landman built a 12 string electric violin for the Belgian band DAAU. The strings on this instrument are clustered in four groups of three strings tuned unison creating a chorus. Also the instrument features an extra pickup in the tail piece for extra amplification of string resonances.

Acoustic 5-string violins are becoming more common, and it is not unusual for an electric violin to have 5, 6, 7 or more strings. The typical solid body also accommodates the extra tension caused by more strings without stressing the instrument too much. The extra strings are usually a low C string for 5-strings, a low C and low F for 6, and a low C, F and B for 7.

Electric violin signals usually pass through electronic processing, in the same way as an electric guitar, to achieve a desired sound.  This could include delay, reverb, chorus, distortion, or other effects.

Today electric violins are even being used to reinvigorate music education. NBC, for example, recently featured a "music camp that combines rock and orchestra" by Mark Wood, who was chosen as the "person of the day" and featured on Today for bringing fresh interest to music education with rock performances all on electric violins where proceeds are donated back to school music programs. Today stated "The perfect blend of classical instruments and rock and roll is giving kids across the country a whole new appreciation for music."

Pickups

Electric violins may use magnetic, piezoelectric, or electrodynamic pickups. Guitar/coil type magnetic pickups require the use of violin strings that have ferrous (iron-containing, as in steel) metal wraps or cores. A few single-coil guitar-style magnetic systems are available, The small body size and arced string arrangement of a violin limit the amount of space available for coil placement.
One unusual acoustic/electric violin system uses the string itself as a linear active pickup element. Made to fit standard acoustic violins, the only requisite is that the string is electrically conducting, so the common synthetic or steel core strings can be used.

Generally, piezoelectric pickups are inexpensive and more common. Piezo elements come in the shape of ceramic discs, cylinders or a plastic film. They detect physical vibrations directly, sometimes placed in or on the body, or in some cases actual string vibrations directly, but more commonly general bridge vibrations are sensed.  Some piezo setups have a separate pickup (or two, or even four in the case of some Barbera Transducer Systems pickups) within the bridge under each string.  A few systems use transducers oriented in various directions to differentiate between bowed and plucked string motion. Operating a switch then selects the preferred mode.

Piezo pickups have a high (capacitive) output impedance, and must be plugged into a high impedance input stage in the amplifier or a powered preamp  (a charge amplifier is best). This buffers the signal to avoid low frequency loss and microphonic noise pickup in the instrument cable.  Preamplification is often done by an external signal processor, but some electric violin body designs provide internal housing for preamp circuitry.

Amplification
Essentially, amplifying an electric violin is exactly the same as amplifying a guitar. They both produce an audio output which is transferred through an audio cable into an amp or PA. For this reason, there are few amps that are specifically for violin, and even those can be repurposed for guitar. Most electric violinists use standard guitar amplifiers. The advantage with using guitar amps is that they have been used for years and their sound is reliable, though not all guitar amps will give a desired tone. Some prefer the more mellow tone of tube amps over solid state amps and digital PA's for violins.

Genres

Although the violin is an instrument used extensively in classical music, electric violins are generally employed by classical performers only in the performance of contemporary classical music. The electric violin is more frequently used by non-classical musicians in popular genres such as metal, rock, hip hop, electronic music, pop, jazz/jazz fusion, country, new-age, and experimental music.

It is used extensively in folk rock; one prominent exponent in the area being Dave Swarbrick. Folk metal band Turisas also puts a lot of emphasis on the electric violin in their compositions. Finnish folk metal band Korpiklaani also focuses in Jaakko Lemmetty's electric violin parts. It has also found its way into modern musical theater, a recent example being Whistle Down the Wind by Andrew Lloyd Webber. Several popular bands that use the electric violin are Zox, Operator Please, Doll Factory, and pop punk band Yellowcard. Urban Blitz of protopunk rock band Doctors of Madness used the instrument to original effect in the mid 1970s; also using baritone Violectra.

Artists such as Tracy Silverman and Daniel Bernard Roumain have popularized violin "looping".  Instead of playing strictly with a band or as a traditional soloist, these musicians use a loop pedal to layer sound and effectively become a one-man band.  Using a variety of pedals and techniques on the violin, these musicians yield a wide array of sounds, allowing original compositions and arrangements for electric looping violin of popular rock and hip hop tunes.

Classically trained violinist Emilie Autumn has also made extensive use of the electric violin, particularly on her instrumental Laced/Unlaced album.

In Brazil, the Electric Violin appears in the work of Marcus Viana, like "Sagrado Coração da Terra" (Sacred Heart of Earth), a Symphonic Prog/Progressive Rock, and Transfonika Orkestra (soundtracks), besides many others.

Several Irish fiddlers have adopted electric instruments. The fiddle is quite prominently featured in such bands as the Celtic punk bands Flogging Molly, and The Levellers. Eileen Ivers played a blue Barcus-Berry electric fiddle during her tours with Riverdance during the 1990s, later switching to a custom-made blue ZETA Music Systems Strados acoustic-electric fiddle (which ZETA later marketed as the "Eileen Ivers Signature Series").

Daiana Mazza is another violinist from Brazil. She appears in works of Rock, Brazilian Music, Brazilian Gospel, Jazz and Folk, like Braia, Kernunna, Carol Carolo, Os Minervas, Leonardo Araujo, Transfonika Orkestra, Sagrado Coração da Terra, etc.

Compositions
Igor Krivokapič
Concerto for electric violin and orchestra (1993, rev. 2019).
John Adams
The Dharma at Big Sur, for electric violin and orchestra.
Inspired by the talents of (and written for) electric violinist Tracy Silverman.
Terry Riley
"Palmian Chord Riddle", concerto for six string electric violin.
Commissioned by the Nashville Symphony for electric violinist Tracy Silverman.
Charles Wuorinen
Concerto for Amplified Violin and Orchestra — 1972.
Nico Muhly
Seeing is Believing, for six-string electric violin and chamber orchestra.
Written for Thomas Gould, Nicholas Collon, and the Aurora Orchestra.
Ed Wright
Crosswire for electric violin and live processing.
Written for Electroacoustic Wales.

MIDI violin
In the mid-1980s, Zeta Music developed a prototype violin for Laurie Anderson.  Through a custom pickup and interface, it sends MIDI data, allowing the violin to control synthesizers. This design was later refined and turned into a commercial product. Unlike most pickup designs of the time, the Zeta pickup has the ability to output the signal from each string to a separate audio channel. Using a multi-pin cable to their pitch-to-MIDI converter, this allows for polyphonic MIDI control, and each string may be set to an independent MIDI channel.

In 2010, Keith McMillen, a founder of Zeta Music, announced the StringPort polyphonic string-to-USB 2.0 converter for the Zeta polyphonic pickup and other polyphonic pickup systems.  While no other, dedicated, polyphonic, violin-to-MIDI systems are manufactured, there are a number of general, pitch-to-MIDI violin systems, and general pitch-to-MIDI computer accessories available today. General, monophonic pickup-to-MIDI systems, such as those manufactured by Roland and Yamaha have been available for decades, and may be adapted to standard, electric violins. Without polyphonic instrument output, these systems tend to be monophonic, allowing only monophonic operation—only one pitch can be detected and digitised at a time— but through the use of proprietary pickups, some MIDI polyphony can be achieved. Some pitch to MIDI interfaces from Axon/TerraTec will give full per-string polyphony, interfacing with multi-pin output from Zeta MIDI pickup.

Notable artists who have performed using a MIDI-enabled violin include L. Subramaniam, Jean-Luc Ponty, Charles Bisharat, Drew Tretick, Gregory Docenko, Dorothy Martirano and Boyd Tinsley from Dave Matthews Band.

See also
Electric cello

References

External links

Bowed Electricity — website linking many electric violin players, makers, equipment, and other resources. Not updated since 2001
Bowed Radio — podcast focusing on new music for bowed string instruments (particularly electric ones)
The Digital Violin Database - A survey and review of the violin today, including patents, makers, players, recordings, articles and resources for technique.
Electric Fiddler: home for the electric violin player
Fiddle and Alternative Strings Forum — forum with large section dedicated to electric bowed instruments, effects and amplification.
Webpage showing a 1948 homebuilt Australian violin.
World's first Electric Strings university degree program (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

Violins
violin

Electric violin


İzmirli Hrisostomos Kalafatis ( Chrysostomos Kalafatis; d. 1867, Tirilye - ö. 1922, İzmir), Rum din ve siyaset adamı.

I. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra İzmir'in Yunan işgali altında bulunduğu dönemde İzmir metropoliti idi. Türk ordusunun Yunan işgaline son vermek üzere şehre girmesinden sonra Müslümanlar tarafından linç edilerek öldürüldü. 4 Kasım 1992'de Yunanistan Kilisesi'nin Kutsal Sinodu tarafından Doğu Ortodoks Kilisesi'nin bir şehidi ve azizi ilan edildi.

Hayatı
1867'de Tirilye'de dünyaya geldi. Asıl adı Kalafatis'tir. Yunanistan'da dini eğitim aldı ve metropolitliğe kadar yükseldi. Hrisostomos (Chrysostomos) adını kiliseye girdikten sonra aldı.

1902-1907'de Dırama Metropoliti olarak görev yaptı. 1910-1914 ve 1919-1922 arasında İzmir Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi Metropoliti idi.

Yunan ordusunca İzmir'in işgali esnasında Yunan İşgal Komutanı Zafiriu'nun bildirisi halka dağıtılırken komutanı ve onunla birlikte bulunanları takdis etmesi, Türk halkında büyük tepki uyandırdı. Yunan ordusunun işgal ettiği bölgelerdeki eylemlerine dair şikayetler üzerine Ekim 1919'da Paris Barış Konferansı'na sunulan Milletlerarası Tahkik Komisyonu Raporu'nun 9. maddesinde "Metropolit'in askeri birlikleri takdis için yaptığı tören ateşe benzin dökmekten başka bir işe yaramamıştır." denilmiştir.

Takdisten sonra askerlere verdiği vaazda "Ne kadar Türk kanı döküp içerseniz o kadar sevaba girmiş olacaksınız" gibi sözler sarf ettiği çeşitli Türk kaynaklarında iddia edilir. Böyle bir nutuk attığı kanıtlanmış değildir ancak işgalden bir gün önce bir bildiri yayımlamış olduğu; "Kurtarıcılarımız yarın şehre gelecektir. Yaşasın milletimiz!" şeklinde ifadeler kullandığı bilinmektedir.

Metropolit, 9 Eylül 1922 günü Sakallı Nureddin Paşa komutasındaki Türk ordusunun İzmir'de yönetimi eline almasının ertesi günü tebrik ziyaretine giden heyette yer aldı. Hakkındaki iddialar sebebiyle, Yorgi Kilimanoğlu ve Nikolaki Çürükçüoğlu Efendi ile birlikte tutuklandı. Gözaltında iken linç edilerek öldürüldü. Ölümü hakkında çeşitli rivayetler vardır. İzmir Vilayet Konağı balkonuna çıkan Sakallı Nureddin tarafından ölüm emrinin verildiği Yunan kaynaklarında anlatılır. Ancak olayın, Vilayet'ten gevşek bir koruma ile çıkarılıp Türk mahallelerinde gezdirilmesi sırasında halk tarafından linç edilmesi şeklinde gerçekleştiği düşünülmektedir.

Dipnotlar ve kaynakça

1867 doğumlular
Mudanya doğumlular
1922 yılında ölenler
20. yüzyıl piskoposları
Doğu Ortodoks piskoposlar
Osmanlı Rumları
Doğu Ortodoks aziz ve azizeler
Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı Batı Cephesi
İzmir'in İşgali
Linç
Türkiye'de cinayet sonucu ölenler
İzmir'de ölenler
Yunan işkence kurbanları
İzmir piskoposları
Anadolu Rumları
İstanbul Rum Ortodoks piskoposları
Yunan aziz ve azizeler
Hristiyan şehitler
Rum Kırımı kurbanları

Hrisostomos Kalafatis


Üniversite, yükseköğretim kurumu ya da bilimtay en üst seviyede eğitim verilen, araştırma yapılan ve bilgi üretilen kurumlardır. Araştırma alanları çoğunlukla (doğa bilimleri, sosyal bilimleri gibi) çeşitli disiplinlere ayrılan üniversiteler genellikle yüksek okul, lisans ve lisansüstü okullarından oluşurlar. Araştırma görevlileri, ya da akademisyenler, yaptıkları özgün çalışmalar dolayısıyla doçent, profesör gibi çeşitli unvanlarla ödüllendirilirler. Çeşitli akademik disiplinlerde akademik dereceler verir. Üniversiteler genellikle farklı okullarda veya öğrenim fakültelerinde hem lisans eğitimi hem de lisansüstü eğitim sunar.

Üniversiteler akademik yönetim sistemine sahiptir. İdari olarak en üst düzey yetkilileri rektör ve rektör yardımcısı'dır. Fakülte, üniversite içindeki ayrı bölümlerdir. Fakültelerin başındaki en üst düzey görevli dekandır. Bir akademik bölüm (kafedra), belirli bir akademik disipline ayrılmış bir üniversite fakültesinin bir bölümüdür. Bir eğitim yılı genellikle iki sömestr'den (akademik yıl) oluşur. Eğitim genellikle 4 yıllık (bakalavr) ve 2 yıllık (magister) eğitimdir, bölümüne göre 5 ya da 6 yıllık olabilir. Başarılı mezunlara eğitimin tamamında diploma veya diplom verilir. Diploma ve derecesi almanın son adımı olarak tez savunması yapılır. Modern zamanda üniversiteler lisans derecesi, yüksek lisans, önlisans derecesi, magister derecesi, lisansüstü diploması, uzmanlık derecesi, doktoranturo, aspiranturo,  bakalorya, lisantiat, doktora dereceleri vermektedir.

Tanım
Orijinal Latince universitas kelimesi genel olarak "tek bir vücut, bir toplum, şirket, topluluk, lonca, şirket vb. ile ilişkili bir dizi kişiyi" ifade eder. Kentsel yaşamın ve orta çağ loncalarının baş gösterdiği sırada, "prensler, papazlar veya bulundukları kasabalar tarafından verilen tüzüklerle genellikle güvence altına alınan toplu yasal haklara sahip öğrenci ve öğretmen dernekleri " ortaya çıktı. Dolayısıyla kelime anlamı buradan gelmektedir.

Modern kullanımda kelime, "Esas olarak mesleki olmayan konularda ders veren ve tipik olarak derece verme gücüne sahip bir yüksek öğretim kurumu" anlamına gelmektedir ve daha önceki vurgu, tarihsel olarak Orta Çağ'a uygulandığı düşünülen kurumsal organizasyonuna vurgu yapmaktadır.

Üniversite çalışanlarına eğitmen, araştırma profesörü, doçent, öğretim üyesi, doktor öğretim üyesi, yardımcı doçent, ordinaryüs, profesör, öğretim yardımcısı, araştırma görevlisi,  çevirmen, okutman, öğretim görevlisi, öğretim planlamacısı, tutor, eksper, uzman'lar dahildir.

Etimoloji
Orta çağ Latince'sinde universitas terimi bir konu etrafında birleşen herhangi topluluk ya da kurum için kullanılırken, üniversite kelimesinin modern anlamı günümüzdeki kurumların temelini oluşturan kurumların oluşmaya başlamasıyla onları tanımlamak için kullanılan universitas magistrorum et scholarium yani kabaca "öğrenciler ve öğretmenler topluluğu" anlamına gelen deyişten türemiştir. Osmanlı döneminde üniversite kavramı dârülfünun sözcüğü ile ifade edilmekteydi. Öz Türkçeciler tarafından university sözcüğüne yapılan yanlış bir kökenlemeye (universe "evren" + city "kent") dayalı olarak üniversite anlamında evrenkent sözcüğünün kullanıldığı da görülmektedir. Bazı sözlüklerde üniversite anlamında Latince universitas gibi birlik anlamına gelen birdem sözcüğü de kayıtlıdır.

Tarihi

Günümüzdeki üniversitelere temel oluşturan ilk kurum Antik Yunan filozofu Plato'nun MÖ 4. yüzyılda kurduğu Akademi'dir. Bu okulun kuruluş tarihine ve nasıl bir işleyişe sahip olduğuna dair kesin bilgiler yoktur. Antik Atina kentinin dışında bulunan "Akademi" adlı bölgedeki gymnasium'un yakınlarında Plato'nun sahip olduğu bir arazide, o ve onun gibi felsefe, bilim, tarih ve sanatla ilgilenen bir grup insanın düzenli toplantılarıyla tahminen MÖ 387'de başlamıştır. Öğrenci öğretmen ayrımları bulunmayan, belirli bir ders programı ya da konu sınırlaması olmayan, en azından Plato'nun zamanında belirli bir doktrini savunmayan Akademi, büyük ihtimalle ortaya atılan problemlerin birlikte tartışılarak çözülmeye çalışıldığı bir yerdi. Bu okul en az üç yüzyıl aynı yerde faaliyete devam etse  de zaman içinde karakteri değişmiş, bu süre zarfında Plato'nun öğrencisi Aristo gibi pek çok filozof burada bulunmuştur.

Alimler bazen 859'da Fatıma el-Fihri tarafından cami olarak kurulan Karaviyyin Üniversitesi'ne (adı 1963'te verilmiştir) dünyanın en eski üniversitesi derler. Bazı akademisyenler, MS 970-972'de kurulan ve Mısır, Kahire'de bulunan El-Ezher Üniversitesi'nin dünyanın en eski derece veren üniversitesi ve dünyanın en eski ikinci üniversitesi olduğunu iddia ediyor. George Makdisi de dahil olmak üzere bazı bilim adamları, erken Orta Çağ üniversitelerinin Haçlı Seferleri sırasında Endülüs, Sicilya Emirliği ve Orta Doğu'daki medreselerden etkilendiğini savundular. Avrupa'da bir tür kurumsal yapısına sahip ilk üniversiteler, Bologna Üniversitesi (1088), Paris Üniversitesi (c.1150, daha sonra Sorbonne ile ilişkilendirildi) ve Oxford Üniversitesi (1167) idi.

"Konstantinopoli Üniversitesi", 425 yılında yükseköğrenim kurumu olarak 425 yılında imparator naibi III. Michael tarafından 849 öğrenci tarafından öğrenci loncası olarak kurulmuştur. Bugünkü anlamda ilk üniversitelere Abbasiler döneminde Bağdat'ta rastlanır. Eski Yunan ve Roma dönemlerinde bazı yüksek eğitim ve öğretim teşkilatları olmasına rağmen bunların bugünkü anlamda üniversite niteliği yoktur. Batıda üniversiteler İslam medeniyetinin Endülüs Emevi Devleti vasıtasıyla Avrupa'ya girmesiyle başlar. Fas, Córdoba ve Gırnata üniversiteleri, ilim ve fennin kilise ve piskoposların tesirindeki ruhban sınıfına mensup öğretim üyeleri olan okullara girmesine vesile olarak, sadece hukuktan ibaret olan öğretim dalına tıp, astronomi, ilahiyat ve benzerlerinin de eklenmesini sağladı. O zamana kadar Avrupa kralları ve devlet adamları tedavi olmak için Córdoba Üniversitesinin Tıp Fakültesine gelirdi. Bağdat'taki Nizâmiye Medresesi (1065), Osmanlılardaki ilk üniversite olan İznik Medresesi (1331) gibi misalleriyle de Selçuklu Hanedanı ve Osmanlılar döneminde hızla gelişen medrese müessesesi Tanzimat'a kadar fen derslerinde de söz sahibiydi (bk. Medrese). Fen dersleri kaldırılınca ilim ve fenni Endülüs Emevileri vasıtasıyla İslam medeniyetinden alan batı, doğuyu geçmeye başladı. Daha sonra (1863) Dârül-Fünun adı altında teşkilatlanan bu yüksek eğitim öğretim müessesesi çeşitli safhalardan sonra 1933'te İstanbul Üniversitesi olarak yeniden düzenlendi.

Batıda Bologna, Pavia, Revenna ve Paris adları altında gelişmeye başlayan ilk üniversiteler uzun süre piskoposların kontrolünde kalmaya devam etti. Hatta Bologna Üniversitesinin rektörleri öğrenciler tarafından seçilmekteydi. Öğrenciler nation denen dört gruba ayrılır ve her grubun lideri rektörün yanında yönetime katılırdı. Buna rağmen asıl yönetici ve söz sahibi kimseler piskoposluktan gönderilen ve kançı denen kimselerdi. Paris Üniversitesinde ise öğrencilerle birlikte öğretim üyeleri de o yönetimde rol alırdı. Fakat neticede yine kontrol piskoposluğundu. Sonraları üniversite rektörü piskoposluğa karşı otoritesini sağlayarak özerk hâle geldi. Bunu takiben papalığa bağlı olmayan İngiliz Oxford ve Cambridge üniversitelerinden sonra 14. yüzyıla kadar çeşitli Avrupa şehirlerinde üniversiteler kuruldu.

Dünyada üniversiteler
Üniversitelerin finansmanı ve organizasyonu dünyanın farklı ülkelerinde büyük farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bazı ülkelerde üniversiteler ağırlıklı olarak devlet tarafından finanse edilirken, diğerlerinde finansman bağışçılardan veya üniversiteye devam eden öğrencilerin ödemesi gereken ücretlerden gelebilir. Bazı ülkelerde öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğu yerel şehirlerinde üniversiteye devam ederken diğer ülkelerde üniversiteler dünyanın her yerinden öğrencileri çekmektedir ve öğrencileri için üniversitede konaklama sağlayabilirler.

Üniversite veya kolej türleri

Ayrıca bakınız
Türkiye'deki üniversiteler listesi
 Türkiye'deki üniversite müzeleri
 Üniversitelerarası Belgeleme Sistemi
 Üniversite ve kolejlere giriş
 Eğitim giriş sınavı
 Kolej giriş sınavı
 Matrikülasyon sınavı
 Bologna Süreci
 Sömestir tatili
 Üniversite Reformu
 Dünya Üniversite Oyunları
 Akademik kıyafet
 Akademik şapka
 Öğrenci aktivizmi
 Öğrenci hakları

Kaynakça

Üniversiteler ve kolejler
Üniversite veya kolej türleri
Fransızcadan Türkçeye geçen sözcükler
Yükseköğretim
Eğitim aşamaları

Üniversite


Cinema
 Death Wish (1974), com Charles Bronson e Hope Lange
 Death Wish (série de filmes), série de quatro filmes depois do original de 1974
 Death Wish (2018), remake com Bruce Willis e Vincent D'Onofrio

Literatura
 Death Wish (romance), de 1972 de Brian Garfield

Desambiguações de cinema
Desambiguações de literatura

Death Wish


Kilkis () is one of the regional units of Greece, in the geographic region of Macedonia. It is part of the region of Central Macedonia. Its capital is the city of Kilkis.

Geography
The geography of the regional unit of Kilkis is characterized by the wide and flat Axios river valley in the westcentral part, and mountain ranges on its western and northeastern edges. The mountain range in the west, on the border with Pella regional unit, is Mount Paiko (highest peak ). In the north, the Kerkini range straddles the border with North Macedonia. At  the highest peak in Kilkis regional unit is located here. The border with Serres regional unit to the northeast is formed by the lower Kroussia range (highest peak ). Lake Doirani is situated in the north, shared with North Macedonia. Kilkis borders the Thessaloniki regional unit to the south.

The climate of the Kilkis regional unit is humid continental in the north, and humid subtropical in the lower regions.

History

The area of the modern regional unit was part of the Kingdom of Macedonia from the 8th century BC until the Third Macedonian War (171 BC - 168 BC), when it became a part of the Roman Empire. At the division of the Roman Empire in 395 AD, the area joined the eastern part, later known as the Byzantine Empire. Between the 7th century and the 11th century, it changed hands between the Byzantine Empire and the Bulgarian Empire repeatedly. In the 13th and 14th century Western Europeans and Serbs briefly ruled the area. The Ottoman Empire conquered the area in 1371, and ruled it until the First Balkan War of 1912. In the Second Balkan War of 1913, the Greek army captured the area, which became part of Greece. It absorbed many of the Greeks from what is now the Republic of North Macedonia, especially from Gevgeli, Vogdantsa, Polyane and Stromnitsa.

In the aftermath of the Balkan Wars, World War I and the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922) most of the Turkish and Bulgarian population of Kilkis emigrated, and many Greeks from Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Turkey settled in the area, as prescribed by the Treaty of Lausanne (1923). In fact, a very large segment of the population of Kilkis regional unit are in origin Caucasus Greeks (that is, Eastern Pontic Greeks) from the former Russian Imperial province of Kars Oblast in the South Caucasus. They left their homeland in the South Caucasus for Kilkis and other parts of Greek Macedonia, as well as southern Russia and Georgia, between 1919 and 1921, that is, between the main Greece-Turkey population exchange and Russia's cession of the Kars region back to Turkey as part of the Treaty of Brest Litovsk.

Until 1939, when created into a separate prefecture, the area was part of the Thessaloniki Prefecture. At the 2011 Kallikratis reform, the Kilkis Prefecture became a regional unit.

Sites of interest
 Archaeological Museum of Kilkis
 Saint George's Cave in Kilkis
 Folklore Museum of Goumenissa
 Giapatzis' Medieval Watermill in Goumenissa
 Natural History Museum in Axioupoli
 Kilkis War Museum
 World War I museum in Skra, dedicated to the Battle of Skra-di-Legen
 Galazia limni (blue lagoon) with waterfalls, near Koupa
 Metalliou lake, near Pigi, Kilkis
 The picturesque villages of Paiko with Macedonian architecture, Goumenissa, Griva, Kastaneri and Karpi
 The mountainous massif of Kroussia
 The mountainous massif of Paiko
 The mountainous massif of Kerkini (Beles)
 Chilia Dentra (A Thousand Trees) in Mouries, a perennial forest of oaks and ash trees beside Doirani lake
 Doirani village, with fish taverns near lakeshore
 The archaeological site of ancient Ioron near Palatiano
 The archaeological site of Evropos
 The Monastery of Saints Rafael, Nicolaos and Irene, near Griva
 The Monastery of Nicodemus the Hagiorite, near Pentalofos
Lake Pikrolimni, Natura 2000 protected wetland and location of spa for balneotherapy and pelotherapy

Transport

The Motorway 1 (E75, Skopje - Polykastro - Thessaloniki - Athens) runs through the regional unit from north to south. Two railways pass through the regional unit: from Thessaloniki to Skopje via Polykastro and Idomeni, and from Thessaloniki to Sofia, Istanbul and Alexandroupoli via Kilkis and Mouries.

Administration

The regional unit Kilkis is subdivided into 2 municipalities. These are (number as in the map in the infobox):
Paionia (2)
Kilkis (1)

Prefecture

As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the former Kilkis Prefecture () was transformed into a regional unit within the Central Macedonia region, without any change in boundaries. At the same time, the municipalities were reorganised, according to the table below.

Provinces

The former prefecture of Kilkis was subdivided into the following provinces:

Note: Provinces no longer hold any legal status in Greece.

See also
List of settlements in the Kilkis regional unit

References

External links
Municipality of Kilkis
Prefecture of Kilkis
History of the Greek Army at the Battle of Kilkis

Prefectures of Greece
Regional units of Central Macedonia

Kilkis (regional unit)


Dirch & Kjeld blir nye mennesker er en kortfilm instrueret af Erik Dibbern efter manuskript af Erik Dibbern.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1958

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Dirch & Kjeld blir nye mennesker


Night Painting este un film românesc din 2016 regizat de Cristina Groșan.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2016 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2016

Night Painting


Iñaki Urdangarin y Liebaert (født 15. januar 1968) er en spansk tidligere håndboldspiller og nuværende forretningsmand, der er dømt for skattesvindel via velgørenhedsfonden Nóos, som han er leder af. Urdangarin blev i februar 2017 idømt en fængselsstraf på seks år og tre måneder samt en bøde på € 512.000. Hans hustru, prinsesse Cristina, var ligeledes anklaget, men blev ikke kendt skyldig.

Sportskarriere
Urdangarin blev som attenårig professionel håndboldspiller i FC Barcelona, og han spillede i denne klub, til han afsluttede sin aktive karriere i 2000. Han var endvidere landsholdsspiller og deltog i den forbindelse i OL 1992, 1996 og 2000, de to sidste gange som anfører. Holdet vandt bronze i 1996 og 2000.

Han blev medlem af den spanske olympiske komité i 2001 og blev næstformand i 2004.

Personlige forhold
Urdangarin blev gift med prinsesse Cristina i 1997, og parret har fire børn. De boede i mange år i Barcelona med en afstikker til Washington D.C. (2009-11). I 2013, hvor Urdangarin blev retsforfulgt, flyttede Cristina med børnene til Geneve, og Urdangarin har også i en periode boet der.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Håndboldspillere fra Spanien
Håndboldspillere fra FC Barcelona Handbol
Olympiske bronzemedaljevindere fra Spanien
Medaljevindere ved sommer-OL 1996
Medaljevindere ved sommer-OL 2000

Iñaki Urdangarin


Se llama popularmente salsa maga a cualquier salsa picante en la zona del Bajío y los Altos de Jalisco (México), aunque Salsa Picante Maga es una marca mexicana registrada de salsa picante fabricada y embotellada por la compañía Salsa Maga, S.A de C.V.  en la ciudad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México desde el año 1965. Esta salsa picante se comercializa en botellas de varios tamaños, principalmente en el Bajío y los Altos de Jalisco, en México, y en los Estados Unidos (entre las comunidades mexicanas). Existen dos variedades de este producto: picante (etiqueta amarilla) y más picante (etiqueta negra), dependiendo de su contenido de chile. Ambas tienen un sabor algo cítrico, con un gusto a especias. Sus ingredientes básicos son agua, chiles rojos secos y una mezcla de especias, que le dan su sabor característico.

Referencias

maga
maga

Salsa maga


بلدية بيدريجوير , هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة اليكانتي. جنوب شرق إسبانيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها 7.097 نسمة.

أعلام
 خوسيه لويس غايا

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
  (بالإسبانية)

بلديات لقنت
بلديات مقاطعة بلنسية

بيدريجوير


In Canada, each political party with representation in the House of Commons has a House leader who is a front bench member of Parliament (MP) and an expert in parliamentary procedure. The same representation is found in the provincial and territorial legislatures. The House leader is in charge of the party's day-to-day business in the House of Commons of Canada (or provincial or territorial legislatures), and usually conducts negotiations with other parties on the conduct of bills and debates.

They also argue points of order before the speaker of the House. The "House leader" is not the same as the party leader, but is the leader's senior deputy for House business in Opposition parties, including the Official Opposition. The government House leader is a senior Cabinet minister who navigates the government's business in the House. This system is replicated in the various provincial legislatures. The position of House Leader is especially important during periods of minority government where no one party has control of the House and bills can only be passed with the agreement of multiple parties.

The prime minister of Canada and leader of the Official Opposition originally had these responsibilities. In 1944, however, as a result of the increasing burdens placed on government by the Second World War, Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King delegated these responsibilities to another member of the Canadian Cabinet. In 1946, the position of government House leader was formally recognized.

The position of Opposition House leader evolved in the 1950s as each opposition party began to designate a particular MP to question the government House leader on upcoming House business. The title of Opposition House leader became official in 1963, and in 1974, a special annual indemnity was attached to the position of House leader in each of the opposition parties.

Notable Opposition House leaders include Stanley Knowles of the New Democratic Party and its predecessor, the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation; Herb Gray of the Liberal Party (also a government House leader); and Erik Nielsen of the Progressive Conservative Party.

The Office of House Leader has also been instituted at the provincial level, in the provincial legislative assemblies.

The term House leader has also been used to describe a party's parliamentary leader, who leads a political party in the House of Commons or a provincial legislature due to their either not being a party leader or the party leader not having a seat.

See also
 Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (Canada)
 Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons
 Government House Leader (Ontario)
 Government House Leader (Quebec)
 Leader of the House of Commons
 Leader of the House of Lords
 Leader of the House (Australia)
 Floor Leader
 Parliamentary leader
 Deputy leader

Political terminology in Canada
Provincial and territorial ministers in Canada

House leader


Kojatice este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Prešov din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.126 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Kojatice este atestată documentar din 1248.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Kojatice


Kenza Sadoun El Glaoui est une blogueuse et influenceuse franco-marocaine depuis les années 2000. Elle est née le  en Ile-de-France, à Suresnes.

Biographie

Kenza Sadoun El Glaoui est née en 1986 d'un père marocain, producteur de clips, ayant grandi à Paris et d'une mère franco-marocaine ayant grandi au Maroc.

En 2005, Kenza Sadoun El Glaoui obtient son baccalauréat. La jeune femme s'inscrit en 2006 à la faculté de la Sorbonne en LEA Anglais/Italien, un cursus qu'elle abandonne rapidement pour intégrer en année l'Institut Européen de Journalisme et effectue son stage en entreprise au sein du magazine de mode Numéro.

Elle fait ses premiers pas sur internet aux côtés de sa mère, fondatrice d'une agence de production, coordination et organisation de photoshoots de mode et de publicité et d'une agence d'agents de photographes mode, beauté, publicité. Elle évolue en tant que stagiaire, puis assistante. Pendant ce temps, elle continue à écrire pour des magazines de mode tels que le Glamour Magazine, et à faire du stylisme pour des pages éditoriales de magazines Mode. Parallèlement à ses activités professionnelles, en 2008, elle crée sa propre plateforme en ligneafin de pouvoir écrire librement sur les sujets de mode qui la divertissent.

C'est grâce à son blog La revue de Kenza en 2008, qu'elle se fait connaître. Ses articles sont consultés par 190 pays et environ 50 000 lecteurs par jour.

En 2010, l'influenceuse lance sa propre chaîne YouTube. On y découvre les premiers vlogs sur la toile : des vidéos filmées et postées telles quelles, sans montage.

Kenza Sadoun El Glaoui partage son approche de la mode : les making-of de ses photoshoots et videoshoots, ses voyages, ses coups de cœur, ses collaborations, ses apparitions en télévision... Au bout d'un an et demi de création de blog, elle réussit à obtenir des revenus fixes mensuels ce qui lui permet de renoncer à ses autres activités professionnelles pour se consacrer seulement à son activité dans le digital.

En 2009, elle propose et anime son propre programme sur la chaîne Web Konbini : The Mode Intern. En 2017, elle animera également aux côtés d'autres créatrices de contenu la chaîne mode et beauté Vloggist (fondée par le groupe M6) sur YouTube. Cette même année, elle rejoint le plateau de chroniqueurs de la chaîne LCI, pour parler de son expertise mode et beauté chaque dimanche matin.

Vie privée
Kenza Sadoun El Glaoui et son compagnon Matthieu Khalaf, photographe, ont donné naissance en 2020 à une petite fille nommée Azel.
En octobre 2022, Kenza Sadoun El Glaoui et Matthieu Khalaf annoncent leur séparation sur le réseau social Instagram mais ils restent en excellent terme.

Notes et références

Blogueur français

Kenza Sadoun El Glaoui


Abılay Han (1711 - 23 Mayıs 1781) Kazak Türkleri önderi Orta Cüz Hanı.

Asıl adı Abilmansur'dur. Babası Veli Hanın ülke'de çıkan bir ayaklanma sırasında Yese ilinde öldürülmesinden sonra Ebul Membet Hanın yanına götürüldü ve onun yanında yetişti. Ebul Membet Hanın dış işlerine bakan bir vezir ve ordu komutanı oldu. 1771 yılında Ebul Membet Hanın ölümü üzerine yerine Orta Cüz devletine büyük Kurultayca Han seçildi.

Çin ve Rusya arasında denge siyaseti izledi. İki taraf da Orta Cüz Hanlığı'nı tehdit ediyordu. Birçok güçlükle karşılaştı. İki taraftan da devletine karşı tehditler oldu. Dirayetli yapısı güçlüklere karşı gelmesinde önemli rol oynadı. Devleti çok iyi yönetti. Çinlilerin Cungar-Kalmuk devletini ortadan kaldırmalarından sonra Çinlilerle anlaşabilmesi ve savaş yapmadan sonuçlandırması kendisi için başarı oldu. Devlete barış ve ulusa refah sağladı.Kalmuk'lara karşı yaptığı kahramanca ve cesurca savaşlardan dolayı Kaniçer diye de anılır. Ölmesi ülkede zayıflığa yol açtı. Torunu ünlü halk kahramanı Kenasarı Kasımoğlu'dur.

1711 doğumlular
1781 yılında ölenler
Kazakistan tarihi
Kazak hanları

Abılay Han


Osilo ist eine italienische Gemeinde (comune) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Metropolitanstadt Sassari auf Sardinien. Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 10 Kilometer ostnordöstlich von Sassari.

Geschichte
Die Siedlung Sa Turricula in der Gemarkung Funtana 'e Casu, in Osilo ist von grundlegender Bedeutung für die Phase B der Bonnanaro-Kultur in der mittleren Bronzezeit die mit den ersten Protonuraghen zu verbinden ist.
Nach der Ortschaft Filigosa ist die Abealzu-Filigosa-Kultur benannt. Die Domus-de-Janas-Nekropole von Ittiari liegt nördlich des Ortes.

Die mittelalterliche Burg wurde zeitweise von der Familie Malaspina gehalten. Die Kirche Chiesa di Nostra Signora di Bonaria () liegt etwa 3,0 km südöstlich von Osilo, auf dem Gipfel des 766 m hohen Monte Tuffudesu.

Verkehr
Durch den Ort führt die Strada Statale 127 Settentrionale Sarda von Sassari Richtung Olbia. Der Bahnhof von Osilo liegt an der Bahnstrecke Sassari–Palau, die von einer Schmalspurbahn (950 mm Spurweite) bedient wird.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort auf Sardinien

Osilo


Jonathan Mhondorohuma es un escultor de Zimbabue, nacido el 25 de diciembre de 1974 en Mvurwi, fue junto a otros escultores alumno del desaparecido Joseph Ndandarika.

Datos biográficos
Jonathan Mhondorohuma nació en Mvurwi; asistió a la escuela primaria en su ciudad natal, también completó el nivel O (ordinario). En 1989 fue invitado por su amigo Square Chikwanda a ir a trabajar en la Comunidad Escultura Tengenenge, donde pasó los siguientes seis meses antes de trasladarse a Harare. Allí conoció y trabajó con Joseph Ndandarika, cuya influencia todavía se percibe en su trabajo.

A la muerte de Ndandarika en 1991, Mhondorohuma se trasladó a Hatfield para trabajar por su cuenta. En 1997 se convirtió en artista en residencia en el Parque de las Esculturas Chapungu.

Notas y referencias

 Enlaces externos

Enlaces externos

Escultores de Zimbabue
Escultores del siglo XX
Escultores del siglo XXI

Jonathan Mhondorohuma


Guiães Portekiz'de Vila Real belediyesine bağlı olan, 7,17 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 585 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Vila Real'ın bucakları

Guiães


La Ruta Estatal de California 58, y abreviada SR 58 (en inglés: California State Route 58) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de California. La carretera inicia en el Oeste desde la  hacia el Este en la . La carretera tiene una longitud de 387,8 km (241 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta Estatal de California 58 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de California por sus siglas en inglés Caltrans.

Cruces
La Ruta Estatal de California 58 es atravesada principalmente por la  cerca de Buttonwillow en Bakersfield cerca de Mojave cerca de Kramer Jct.

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de Caltrans

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de California
Carreteras escénicas de California
Carreteras del condado de San Luis Obispo
Carreteras del condado de Kern
Carreteras del condado de San Bernardino

Ruta Estatal de California 58


Ma vie sans pétrole (Katastrofin aineksia) est un film finlandais réalisé par John Webster, sorti en 2008.

Synopsis
Le documentariste John Webster tente de réduire sa dépendance aux produits issus du pétrole pendant un an.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Ma vie sans pétrole
 Titre original : Katastrofin aineksia
 Réalisation : John Webster
 Scénario : John Webster
 Photographie : Tuomo Hutri et John Webster
 Montage : Nils Pagh Andersen et John Webster
 Production : Kristiina Pervilä
 Société de production : Magic Hour Films et Millennium Film
 Pays :  et
 Genre : Documentaire
 Durée : 85 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :

Distinctions
Le film a été nommé pour trois Jussis et a reçu celui du meilleur documentaire.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film finlandais sorti en 2008
Film danois sorti en 2008
Film documentaire finlandais
Film documentaire danois
Film documentaire sur les problématiques environnementales
Film sur le pétrole

Ma vie sans pétrole


Osam na četrnaest (eng. eight-to-fourteen, EFM) je način kodiranja binarnog niza znamenaka (bitova) kod kojeg se svakih 8 bita zamjenjuje nizom od 14 bita. Svrha kodiranja je da se izbjegnu situacije gdje postoje dugi nizovi uzastopnih istovjetnih bitova, koji bi u nekim fizičkim prikazima (npr. NRZI) doveli do gubitka sinkronizacije između izvora signala i primatelja.

Osam-na-četrnaest osigurava da će u izlaznom nizu bitova uzastopnih nula biti najmanje 2 i najviše 10, pa stoga je to ujedno RLL kodiranje s parametrima (8/14, 2, 10).

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Konverzijska tablica "Osam na četrnaest" (engleski)

Kodiranje

Osam-na-četrnaest


الفصيلة السوسنية  هي فصيلة نباتية من صف أحاديات الفلقة. تضم هذه الفصيلة أكثر من ألفي نوع أهمها السوسن.

من القبائل التابعة لهذه الفصيلة
 الزعفراناوية

مراجع

هليونيات
فصائل نباتية
فصائل أحاديات الفلقة

سوسنية


Korveta tipa 056 (NATO-ov naziv: korveta klase Jiangdao) klasa je ratnih brodova koje koristi kineska Mornarica narodnooslobodilačke vojske. Oni zamjenjuju starije ophodna brodove i neke od fregata tipa 053H. Prvi tip 056 ušao je u službu u veljači 2013. godine. Protupodmornička ratna varijanta, poznata kao tip 056A, također je ušla u službu. Nakon izgradnje Aba u prosincu 2019. godine Kina je prestala graditi korvete tipa 056 kako bi se usredotočila na nabavu većih ratnih brodova za misije na otvorenom moru.

Dvije ophodne inačice od 1800 tona, P18N, isporučene su nigerijskoj mornarici, a četiri varijante korvete C13B od 1300 tona prodane su mornarici Bangladeša.

Opis
Korveta tipa 056 popunjava prazninu u sposobnostima između raketnog čamca tipa 022 i fregate tipa 054A. Brod je dug 90 metara, istisne 1500 tona i uključuje antiradarske značajke. Tip 056 prikladan je za misije srednjeg dometa u zelenim vodama i u priobalju, ali ne i za velike borbene operacije u plavim vodama. Izgrađen je s dvotjednom izdržljivošću za borbene misije kao što su ophodnja, pratnja i zaštita interesa pomorskog isključivog gospodarskog pojasa unutar 200 nmi (370 km) od obale, oslobađajući veće ratne brodove za raspoređivanje na otvorenom oceanu. Korveta tipa 056 ima posadu od 78 ljudi s najvećom brzinom od 25 čvorova (46 km/h) i dometom od 3500 nautičkih milja (6500 km) pri 16 čvorova (30 km/h).

Površinsko naoružanje navedeno je kao AK-176 76 mm mornarički top, dva H/PJ-17 30 mm autotopa, i četiri protubrodske rakete YJ-83. Projektili zemlja -zrak FL-3000N nose se u jednom lanseru s osam ćelija. Konačno, tu su i dva trocijevna 324 mm lansera torpeda, koji mogu nositi laka ASW torpeda Yu-7.

Osnovni tip 056 opremljen je radarom Type 347G (LR66) i sonarom montiranim na pramcu. Tip 056A dodaje tegljeni niz i sonare promjenjive dubine (VDS).

Tip 056 ima helikoptersku palubu za helikopter veličine Z-9, ali nema hangar.

Korveta P18 izvozna je inačica tipa 056. P18 ima istisninu od 1800 tona, s duljinom od 95 m i širinom od 12 m, elektrana su dva dizelska motora MTU 20V 4000M, ima maksimalnu brzinu od 25 čvorova (46 km/h),  naoružanje može uključivati top od 76 mm i dva topa od 30 mm, do osam protubrodskih projektila i dva trostruka lansera torpeda. Može nositi helikopter srednje veličine.

Izvori

Kineske klase ratnih brodova
056

Korveta tipa 056


Hayvanlara uygulanılan şiddet veya hayvan istismarı; kabul edilemez şiddete sebep olan veya hayvanlara zarar veren davranışların bir bütünüdür. Kabul edilemez acı kişiden kişiye göre değişmektedir. Bazıları kabul edilemez şiddeti sadist eğilimlerle hayvanlara eziyet etmek olarak tanımlarken, bazıları kürk avcılığını, tıbbi, bilimsel veya kozmetik sanayide yapılan testleri bu istismarın içerisine alır.

Hayvanlara karşı uygulanan şiddet türleri

Tıbbi amaç dışında organ veya dokuların alınması
Tedavi amacı olmayan kulak ve kuyruk kesimi, ses tellerinin alınması, tırnak ve dişlerin sökülmesi
Tıbbi amaçlar dışında, onun türüne ve etolojik özelliklerine aykırı hale getirecek şekilde ve dozda hormon ve ilaç vermek
Başlıca seçenek olmadığı halde bilimsel çalışmalarda deney hayvanı olarak kullanmak.
Acı, ıstırap ya da zarar görecek şekilde, film çekimi, gösteri, reklam ve benzeri işler için kullanmak
Hayvanları başka bir hayvanla dövüştürmek
Hayvanlara kasıtlı olarak kötü davranmak, acımasız ve zalimce işlem yapmak, dövmek, aç ve susuz bırakmak, aşırı soğuğa ve sıcağa maruz bırakmak, bakımlarını ihmal etmek, fizyolojik veya psikolojik acı çektirmek
Hayvanları, gücünü aştığı açıkça görülen fiillere zorlamak
Hayvanlarla cinsel ilişkide bulunmak, işkence yapmak
Sağlık nedenleri ile gerekli olmadıkça bir hayvana zor kullanarak yem yedirmek, acı, ıstırap ya da zarar veren yiyecekler ile alkollü içki, sigara, uyuşturucu ve bunun gibi bağımlılık yapan yiyecek veya içecekler vermek

Hayvanlara karşı uygulanan şiddete karşı yasalar
 Hayvan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi  15 Ekim 1978 tarihinde Paris'teki UNESCO Merkezi'nde törenle ilan edilmiştir. Bu metin, 1989 yılında Hayvan Hakları Birliği tarafından tekrar düzenlenerek 1990 yılında UNESCO Genel Direktörü'ne sunulmuş ve aynı yıl halka açıklanmıştır.
 Hayvanları Koruma Kanunu: Kanun Numarası: 5199 Kabul Tarihi: (24.06.2004)
 3285 sayılı Hayvan Sağlığı ve Zabıtası Kanunu
 4631 sayılı Hayvan Islahı Kanunu
 4915 sayılı Kara Avcılığı Kanunu
 1380 sayılı Su Ürünleri Kanunu
 Mülga TCK 577 è Hayvanlara Kötü Muamelede Bulunmak (Suç zamanaşımı 6 ay)

Ayrıca bakınız
 Kaçak avlanma
 Hatıra amaçlı avcılık
 Hayvanlarda acı
 Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Hayvanlar üzerinde uygulanan testlere karşı bir inisiyatif
 Kanada Fok katliamı
 HAYTAP Hayvan Hakları Federasyonu

Hayvan hakları
Hayvan hukuku
Hayvan etiği
Etik akımları
Suçlar
Hayvana şiddet hayır

Hayvanlara uygulanan şiddet


La Chanson de Fortunio (título original en francés; en español, La canción de Fortunio) es una breve opéra-comique en un acto con música de Jacques Offenbach y libreto en francés de Ludovic Halévy y Hector Crémieux. Se estrenó en la Salle Choiseul del Théâtre des Bouffes Parisiens, París, el 5 de enero de 1861.

La música se compuso en una semana, con otra semana más ocupada en los preparativos de la producción. Su éxito fue bienvenido después del fracaso de Barkouf quince días antes.

Tomada en su conjunto, esta opereta nunca pasó realmente a formar parte de lo que puede considerarse el repertorio estándar, pero a pesar de ello, y especialmente durante el período anterior a la Primera Guerra Mundial, la canción a la que se refiere el título siguió siendo extremadamente popular como pieza de recital, y de hecho el escritor del obituario de Offenbach en The Times consideró a la canción en sí como una de sus mejores composiciones junto con Orfeo en los infiernos y La gran duquesa de Gérolstein - con La bella Helena siguiéndolas "a cierta distancia".

Offenbach había compuesto música para la canción de Fortunio en el Acto II Escena 3 de Le Chandelier por Alfred de Musset para una reposición de la obra en 1850 en la Comédie-Française y esta fue publicada (por Heugel) como parte de la colección de canciones de Offenbach titulada Les voix mystérieuses en 1853, y recogida con entusiasmo por el tenor Gustave Roger en sus conciertos. Los libretistas basaron su obra en un solo acto Chanson de Fortunio alrededor de esta canción - siendo la historia una especie de secuela de la obra original, la melodía de la canción se oye en la obertura.

En las estadísticas de Operabase aparece con sólo una representación en el período 2005-2010.

Notas y referencias

Enlaces externos

Discografía
Libreto sometido originalmente a la censura
YouTube Video - Maud Hernequet canta Les Couplets de Laurette
YouTube Video - Interpretación de estudiantes de la canción del título La Chanson de Fortunio

Óperas basadas en piezas de teatro
Óperas de Jacques Offenbach
Óperas en francés
Óperas de 1861
Óperas estrenadas en París
Operetas

La Chanson de Fortunio


Der Polder Bramel ist ein Überschwemmungsgebiet in der Einheitsgemeinde Schiffdorf im Landkreis Cuxhaven. Es liegt nordöstlich von Bramel im Auengebiet der Geeste.

Der Polder, der rund 150 Hektar groß ist, entstand im 19. Jahrhundert durch Begradigung und Bedeichung der Geeste. Das vormals natürlich überschwemmte Gelände wurde entwässert und kultiviert, noch vorkommende natürliche Überschwemmungen wurden durch den Generalplan zur großräumigen Entwässerung 1959 zurückgehalten. Durch Sackungen des entwässerten Niedermoorbodens kam es bereits Ende der 1970er-Jahre zu ersten Deichbrüchen. Da die Fortführung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung immer aufwendiger wurde und nur noch durch Deichsanierungen und fortlaufende Entwässerungsmaßnahmen aufrechterhalten werden konnte, wurde der Polder 1994 aufgegeben und im Sommer 1995 durch drei Deichdurchstiche wieder mit der Geeste verbunden. Dadurch wurde das Gelände großflächig geflutet. Es entstand ein Biotop mit Wasserflächen, Schlickbänken, Feuchtwiesen und ungenutzten Flächen.

Heute präsentiert sich der Polder Bramel als ganzjährig weiträumig überflutetes, vegetationsarmes Feuchtgebiet mit Röhrichtzonen und Grünlandbereichen. In den Randbereichen findet eine extensive Bewirtschaftung des Grünlandes statt.

Der Polder Bramel ist Lebensraum für Wasser-, Wat- und Wiesenvögel und ein bedeutendes Rast- und Überwinterungsgebiet für Zugvögel. So kommen hier u. a. See- und Fischadler, Blaukehlchen und Eisvogel vor. Weiterhin sind u. a. Wasser- und Teichfledermaus und Fischotter hier heimisch.

Der nördlich des Naturschutzgebietes "Sellstedter See und Ochsentriftmoor/Wildes Moor" liegende Polder bildet mit diesem und dem in das Naturschutzgebiet einbezogenen Polder Glies einen Biotopverbund.

Im Süden des Polders befindet sich ein Aussichtsturm, von dem aus das Gelände eingesehen werden kann.

Weblinks

 Polder Bramel, BUND Landesverband Bremen
 Feuchtgebiet Polder Bramel, BUND Landesverband Bremen (PDF, 1,6 MB)

Einzelnachweise

Koog in Niedersachsen
Bauwerk in Schiffdorf
Geeste (Fluss)
Geographie (Schiffdorf)

Polder Bramel


Ebhart ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Ambros Ebhart (* 1952), österreichischer Ordensgeistlicher und Pädagoge, Abt des Stiftes Kremsmünster
 Ludwig Ebhart (1897–1944), österreichischer Maschinenfahrer und Widerstandskämpfer gegen den Nationalsozialismus

Ebhart


5 février -  - 7 février

Le dimanche 6 février aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022 est le cinquième jour de compétition.

Faits marquants

Programme

|}

Tableau des médailles provisoire

Médailles du jour

Tableau des médailles au 6 février

Notes et références

Liens externes
  Page des Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022 sur le site du Comité international olympique

6 février


Leonid Artiómovich Brin (; Anastásiyevskaya, Unión Soviética, 8 de enero de 1928 - Donetsk, Ucrania, 15 de enero de 2000) fue un escultor monumentalista soviético y ucraniano.

Nació en una familia campesina de Anastásiyevskaya, en el raión de Slaviansk del krai de Krasnodar, en la entonces República Socialista Federativa Soviética de Rusia de la Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas. Entre 1948 y 1950 estudió en el Instituto Artístico de Járkov, estudiando las diferentes especialidades con l. Tverdianskaya, O. Kurdiatseva, I. Milgunova y V. Agibalova. Su proyecto para el título fue un monumento al tricentenario de la reunificación de Rusia y Ucrania.

Fue miembro de la Unión de Artistas de la URSS desde 1963. Estableció su lugar de trabajo en Donetsk, exponiendo por toda la Unión Soviética. El escudo de la ciudad de Donetsk, escogido en 1968, surge de un esbozo de Brin. El Monumento a las Víctimas del Fascismo (Donetsk) es un trabajo conjunto de Brin y el arquitecto Yuri Mozhchil, construido para conmemorar los veinte años de la victoria sobre la Alemania Nazi. En colaboración con el escultor Nikolái Yasinenko y el arquitecto Vladímir Buchek construyó un memorial homenaje en antiguo campo de concentración. Antes de su muerte dejño una serie de esculturas en su taller de la calle Polkovodcheskaya de Donetsk.

Monumentos y memoriales obra de Brin

Obras pequeñas de Brin

Trabajos gráficos de Brin

Obras de Brin sin identificar

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Бринь, Леонид Артёмович.
 [http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/4422/814477.50/0_62bf3_81a15274_orig Andréi Mysh, Master Brin, ili svet Rodena nad Donbassom] // Chto novenkogo? — 9 de febrero de 2003. — Nº 3. — P. 53.
 Información sobre el escultor en la exposición Art Donbas
 Clasificación única de artistas: escultores
 Kak Donetsk koronoi obzavelsia

Escultores de la Unión Soviética
Escultores de Ucrania del siglo XX
Miembros de la Unión de Artistas de la URSS

Leonid Brin


ශිෂ්නවිච්ඡේදය  යනු, සාමාන්‍යයෙන් වෛද්‍ය හෝ පෞද්ගලික හෝ හේතූන් නිසා   ශල්‍යකර්මයකින් ශිෂ්න ඉවත්කිරීමයි..

ශිෂ්නවිච්ඡේදය


Dubai Internet Şehri (Dubai Internet City) kısaca DIC, Dubai emirliği tarafından, Dubai'nin 25 km güneyinde bir serbest ticaret bölgesinde inşa edilip ekim 2000'de açılan bilişim teknolojisi parkıdır.

Sağlanan cazip imkânlarla aralarında Microsoft, IBM, Oracle Corporation, Sun Microsystems, Cisco, HP, Nokia, Siemens gibi dünya çapında birçok bilişim firmasınında bulunduğu serbest ticaret bölgesinde bugün 850 firma ve 10.000 üzerinde çalışan mevcuttur.

Dış bağlantılar
 Dubai Internet Şehri  - Resmi site
 Dubai Internet Şehri Resim Galerisi
 Dubai Holding

Internet Şehri
Internet Şehri
Özel ekonomik bölgeler

Dubai Internet Şehri


BoxRec eller boxrec.com er en hjemmeside dedikeret til at holde opdaterede rekordlister af professionelle boksere, både mandlige og kvindelige. Det opretholder også en MediaWiki -baseret encyklopædi af boksning.

Grundlæggelse
Webstedet blev grundlagt af John Sheppard, en englænder og tidligere systemanalytiker for National Coal Board. Sheppard havde aldrig været til en boksekamp indtil 1995, da han var til en "Prince" Naseem Hamed kamp med Hameds ældre brødre Riath og Nabeel. Sheppard havde betragtet boksning for at være et "barbarisk og nedværdigende" spektakel og sagde: " I sat there watching people punch each other in the head, wondering why they were doing it... I was sprayed with blood, getting more and more miserable." Sheppard forklarede dog senere: "During Naseem's fight, something clicked in my head. The subtlety of what he was doing, the genius of it all, became obvious to me. It wasn't a disgusting spectacle anymore. It was art, and I found myself cheering.

Efter Hameds splittelse med promoter Frank Warren, begyndte Sheppard at arbejde for Hamed på "Prince Promotions" i 2000. Sheppard begyndte derefter at kompilere en rekordliste af aktive britiske boxere i et forsøg på at hjælpe med matchmaking af boksere og besluttede derefter at oprette en hjemmeside, der ville gemme resultater og rekordlister over alle boksere. Siden er vokset så meget, at Sheppard er gået heltid siden 2005. I december 2008 kunne 50.000 besøgende på en typisk dag se 700.000 sider med en rekord på 1.300.000 kampe i sin database, der omfatter 17.000 aktive og 345.000 ikke-aktive kæmpere.

Organisation
Webstedet er opdateret af frivillige redaktører fra mange lande rundt om i verden. Hver redaktør er tildelt et land eller i nogle tilfælde regioner i lande, og de opbevarer registre for boksere i det pågældende land eller område. BoxRec vurderer også hver aktiv kæmper efter vægtklasse.

Kommentarer fra boksepersonligheder
På spørgsmålet om, hvor vigtigt BoxRec var for ham, udtalte boksepromotor Lou DiBella: " "anyone in boxing who says he doesn't use BoxRec is either a complete imbecile or lying" og Bruce Trampler, matchmaker for Top Rank, sagde at " short of actually being at a fight, they're the best source of information out there".

Etableret i 2015
Websteder
Boksning

BoxRec


Paialvo Portekiz'de Tomar belediyesine bağlı olan, 22,26 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 2.850 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Tomar

Paialvo


Petrovo uho (lat. Haliotis), rod priobalnih morskih puževa prednjoškržnjaka plosnate kućice, s nizom rupica na hrptu i sedefnim slojem iznutra.

Ovaj rod raširen je širom svijeta osim uz obalu Južne Amerike i istočne obale SAD-a. Na pacifičkoj obali SAD-a gdje je poznat kao školjka abalone, bio je na cijeni kao ukras za nakit kod tamošnjih indijanskih plemena Sjeverozapadne obale.

U Jadranu živi H. tuberculata lamellosa poznata jednostavno kao petrovo uho ili puzlatka. U zemljama Azije važi kao afrodizijak

Vrste

 Haliotis alfredensis Bartsch, 1915
 Haliotis arabiensis Owen, Regter & Van Laethem, 2016
 Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758
 Haliotis australis Gmelin, 1791
 Haliotis brazieri Angas, 1869
 Haliotis clathrata Reeve, 1846
 Haliotis coccoradiata Reeve, 1846
 Haliotis corrugata W. Wood, 1828
 Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814
 Haliotis cyclobates Péron & Lesueur, 1816
 Haliotis dalli Henderson, 1915
 Haliotis discus Reeve, 1846
 Haliotis dissona (Iredale, 1929)
 Haliotis diversicolor Reeve, 1846
 Haliotis dringii Reeve, 1846
 Haliotis drogini Owen & Reitz, 2012
 Haliotis elegans Koch in Philippi, 1844
 Haliotis fatui Geiger, 1999
 Haliotis fulgens Philippi, 1845
 Haliotis geigeri Owen, 2014
 Haliotis gigantea Gmelin, 1791
 Haliotis glabra Gmelin, 1791
 Haliotis iris Gmelin, 1791
 Haliotis jacnensis Reeve, 1846
 Haliotis kamtschatkana Jonas, 1845
 Haliotis laevigata Donovan, 1808
 Haliotis madaka (Habe, 1977)
 Haliotis mariae W. Wood, 1828
 Haliotis marmorata Linnaeus, 1758
 Haliotis melculus (Iredale, 1927)
 Haliotis midae Linnaeus, 1758
 Haliotis mykonosensis Owen, Hanavan & Hall, 2001
 Haliotis ovina Gmelin, 1791
 Haliotis papulata Reeve, 1846
 Haliotis parva Linnaeus, 1758
 Haliotis planata G. B. Sowerby II, 1882
 Haliotis pourtalesii Dall, 1881
 Haliotis pulcherrima Gmelin, 1791
 Haliotis queketti E. A. Smith, 1910
 Haliotis roei Gray, 1826
 Haliotis rubiginosa Reeve, 1846
 Haliotis rubra Leach, 1814
 Haliotis rufescens Swainson, 1822
 Haliotis rugosa Lamarck, 1822
 Haliotis scalaris (Leach, 1814)
 Haliotis semiplicata Menke, 1843
 Haliotis sorenseni Bartsch, 1940
 Haliotis spadicea Donovan, 1808
 Haliotis squamosa Gray, 1826
 Haliotis stomatiaeformis Reeve, 1846
 Haliotis supertexta Lischke, 1870
 Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758
 Haliotis unilateralis Lamarck, 1822
 Haliotis varia Linnaeus, 1758
 Haliotis virginea Gmelin, 1791
 Haliotis walallensis Stearns, 1899

Izvori

Puževi

Petrovo uho


Delia Ann Derbyshire (født 5. maj 1937, død 3. juli 2001) var en engelsk musiker og komponist, som var en pioner indenfor elektronisk musik. Hun arbejde i 1960'erne for BBC i deres Radiophonic Workshop, hvor der blev arbejdet med musik til programmer osv. Hun er i dag mest kendt for at være komponisten bag temamelodien til Doctor Who fra 1963.

Referencer

Komponister fra England
Briter i 1900-tallet

Delia Derbyshire


Syrmia (Ekavian  or Ijekavian ) is a region of the southern Pannonian Plain, which lies between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia and Croatia. Most of the region is flat, with the exception of the low Fruška gora mountain stretching along the Danube in its northern part.

Etymology

The word "Syrmia" is derived from the ancient city of Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica). Sirmium was a Celtic or Illyrian town founded in the third century BC.

Srem () and Srijem are used to designate the region in Serbia and Croatia respectively. Other names for the region include:
 Latin: Syrmia or Sirmium
 Hungarian: Szerémség, Szerém, or Szerémország
 German: Syrmien
 Slovak: Sriem
 Rusyn: Срим
 Romanian: Sirmia

History

Prehistory
Between 3000 BC and 2400 BC, Syrmia was at the centre of Indo-European Vučedol culture.

Roman era

Sirmium was conquered by Romans in the first century BC and became the economic and political capital of Pannonia. In 6 AD, there was an uprising of the indigenous peoples against Roman rule. However, ten later Roman Emperors were born in Sirmium or nearby. They included Herennius Etruscus (227-251), Hostilian (230?-251), Decius Traian (249-251), Claudius II (268-270), Quintillus (270), Aurelian (270-275), Probus (276-282), Maximianus Herculius (285-310), Constantius II (337-361) and Gratian (367-383).

Early Middle Ages

In the 6th century, Syrmia was part of the Byzantine province of Pannonia. During that time, Byzantine rule was challenged by Ostrogoths and Gepids. In 567, Byzantine rule was fully restored, although it later collapsed during the Siege of Sirmium by Avars and Slavs (582). It remained under Avar rule up to c. 800, when it came under the control of the Frankish Empire. In 827, Bulgars invaded Syrmia and continued to rule after a peace treaty in 845 AD. The region was later incorporated into the Principality of Lower Pannonia, but during the 10th century it became a battleground between Hungarians, Bulgarians, and Serbs.

At the beginning of the 11th century, the ruler of Syrmia was Duke Sermon, vassal of the Bulgarian emperor Samuil. There had been Bulgar resistance to Byzantine rule. This collapsed and Sermon, who refused to capitulate was captured and killed by Constantine Diogenes. A new but ultimately short lived area of governance named the Thema of Sirmium was established. It included the region of Syrmia and what is now Mačva. In 1071, Hungarians took over the region of Syrmia, but the Byzantine Empire reconquered the province after the victory over the Hungarians in the Battle of Syrmia (1167). Byzantine rule ended in 1180, when Syrmia was taken again by the Hungarians.

Late Middle Ages

In the 13th century, the region was controlled by the Kingdom of Hungary. On 3 March 1229, the acquisition of Syrmia was confirmed by Papal bull. Pope Gregory IX wrote, "[Margaretha] soror…regis Ungarie [acquired] terram…ulterior Sirmia". In 1231, The Duke of Syrmia was Giletus. In the 1200s, the territory around Syrmia was divided into two counties: Syrmia in the east and Valkó (Vukovar) in the west.

In the 13th century, between 1282 and 1316, Syrmia was ruled by Stefan Dragutin of Serbia. Initially, Dragutin was a vassal of Hungary but later ruled independently. Dragutin died in 1316, and was succeeded by his son, Stefan Vladislav II (1316–1325). In 1324, Vladislav II was defeated by Stefan Uroš III Dečanski of Rascia. Lower Syrmia became the subject of dispute between the Kingdoms of Rascia and Hungary.

In 1404, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor ceded part of Syrmia to Stefan Lazarević of Serbia.

From 1459, the Hungarian kings endorsed the House of Branković and later, the Berislavići Grabarski family as the titular heads of the Serbian Despotate of which Syrmia was a part. They resided in Kupinik (modern Kupinovo). The local rulers included Vuk Grgurević (1471 to 1485); Đorđe Branković (1486 to 1496), Jovan Branković (1496 to 1502), Ivaniš Berislavić (1504 to 1514), and Stjepan Berislavić (1520 to 1535). In 1522, the last of the titular Serbian despots in Syrmia, Stjepan Berislavić, moved to Slavonia, ahead of invading Ottoman forces. Another important local governor was Laurence of Ilok, Duke of Syrmia (1477 to 1524), who reigned over large parts of the region from Ilok.

Early modern period

In 1521, parts of Syrmia fell to the Ottomans and by 1538, the entire region was under Ottoman control. Between 1527 and 1530, Radoslav Čelnik ruled Syrmia as an Ottoman vassal. The area of Ottoman administration in Syrmia was known as the Sanjak of Syrmia.

In 1699, the Habsburg monarchy took western Syrmia from the Ottomans as part of the Treaty of Karlowitz. Until the Treaty of Passarowitz at the end of the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18, remainder of Syrmia was part of the Habsburg Military Frontier.

At the end of the Austro-Russian-Turkish War of 1735–1739, there was a migration of Albanians from the Kelmendi tribe to Syrmia, who were recorded as speaking Albanian as late as 1921.

In 1745, the County of Syrmia was established as part of the Habsburgs' Kingdom of Slavonia. During the Austro-Turkish War (1788-1791), there were émigrés from Serbia who settled in Syrmia.

19th century

In 1807, the Tican's Rebellion, a Syrmian peasant uprising, occurred on Ruma estate and in the village of Voganj in Ilok estate.

In 1848, most of Syrmia was part of the temporary Serbian Voivodship, a Serb autonomous region within the Austrian Empire. By a 1849 decree of the Emperor Franz Joseph, the Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat was created, comprising Northern Syrmia, including Ilok and Ruma.

After 1860, the County of Syrmia was re-established and returned to the Kingdom of Slavonia. In 1868, the Kingdom of Slavonia became part of Croatia-Slavonia in the Kingdom of Hungary.

20th century
On 29 October 1918, Syrmia became a part of the newly independent State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. On 24 November 1918, the Assembly of Syrmia proclaimed the unification of Serb-populated parts of Syrmia with the Kingdom of Serbia. However, from 1 December 1918, all of Syrmia was made a part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

From 1918 to 1922, Syrmia remained within the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and from 1922 to 1929, Syrmia was a province (oblast). In 1929, after a new territorial division, Syrmia was divided between Danube Banovina and Drina Banovina, in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and in 1931, it was divided between Danube Banovina and Sava Banovina. In 1939, the western part of Syrmia was included into the newly formed Banovina of Croatia.

In 1941, Syrmia was occupied by the World War II Axis powers and its entire territory was ceded to the Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi puppet state. The fascist Ustashe regime systematically murdered Serbs (as part of the Genocide of the Serbs), Jews (The Holocaust), Roma (The Porajmos), and some political dissidents. In August 1942, following the joint military anti-partisan operation in the Syrmia by the Ustashe and German Wehrmacht, it turned into a massacre by the Ustasha militia that left up to 7,000 Serbs dead. Among those killed was the prominent painter Sava Šumanović, who was arrested along with 150 residents of Šid. In 1945, with the creation of new borders, eastern Syrmia became part of the People's Republic of Serbia, while western Syrmia became part of the People's Republic of Croatia.

In 1991, Croatia declared its independence from SFR Yugoslavia, and the Croatian War of Independence ensued shortly thereafter. The Serbs self-proclaimed in one part western Syrmia an autonomous region called the "Serbian Autonomous Region of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia". This region was one of the two Serbian autonomous regions that formed the self-declared and unrecognized Republic of Serbian Krajina. The region was ethnically cleansed of its Croat and some other non-Serb population leading to some of the most serious violation of human rights including the Lovas killings, the Tovarnik massacre, the Vukovar massacre and other crimes. The autonomous regions lasted until 1995, when it was reintegrated in Croatia. After the war, a number of towns and municipalities in the Croatian part of Syrmia were designated Areas of Special State Concern.

Demographics

In 2002, the population of Syrmia in Serbia was 790,697. 668,745 (84.58%) were Serb. In 2001, the population of the Croatian Vukovar-Srijem county was 204,768. The census showed, that Croats made up 78.3% of total population, Serbs 15.5%, Hungarians 1%, Rusyns 0.9% and others.

Geography

The majority of Syrmia is located in the Srem district of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in Serbia. A smaller area around Novi Sad is part of the South Bačka district, and another smaller area around Novi Beograd, Zemun, and Surčin belongs to the City of Belgrade. The remaining part of Syrmia is part of the Vukovar-Syrmia County in Croatia.

Borders

The present international border of the region of Syrmia was drawn in 1945 by the Đilas commission. It divided the Yugoslav constituent republic of Croatia and the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, itself part of Serbia, within Yugoslavia.

Milovan Đilas, a Montenegrin and then a confidant of Josip Broz Tito, drew the border according to demographic criteria, which explains why the town of Ilok on the Danube, with a Croat majority, lies east of Šid in Serbia, with a Serb majority. The border drawn in 1945 was very similar to the 1931-1939 border between the Danube Banovina and the Sava Banovina within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Bordering regions
 Bačka to the north
 Banat to the east
 Šumadija the south-east
 Mačva to the south
 Semberija to the south-west
 Slavonia to the west. The border between Syrmia and Slavonia is unclear. It runs approximately along a line through Vukovar, Vinkovci, and Županja or it follows the Bosut, Barica and Vuka rivers.

Cities

List of cities in Syrmia (with population):
 Serbia
 Belgrade city region
 Novi Beograd (217,180)
 Zemun (146,172)
 Batajnica (48,600)
 Surčin (14,209)
 Dobanovci (8,114)
 Vojvodina
 Sremska Mitrovica (39,041)
 Ruma (32,125)
 Inđija (26,244)
 Stara Pazova (18,628)
 Šid (16,301)
 Petrovaradin (13,917)
 Sremska Kamenica (11,140)
 Sremski Karlovci (8,839)
 Beočin (8,037)
 Irig (4,854)
 Croatia
 Vinkovci (33,239)
 Vukovar (30,126)
 Županja (13,775)
 Ilok (5,897)

Petrovaradin, Sremska Kamenica, Sremski Karlovci and Beočin are geographically located in Syrmia, but they are part of South Bačka District.

Municipalities
Municipalities in Serbian Syrmia:

The Syrmian villages of Neštin and Vizić are part of the municipality of Bačka Palanka, the main part of which is in Bačka. Several settlements that are part of the municipality of Sremska Mitrovica are located in Syrmia in Mačva.

Municipalities and villages in Croatian Syrmia:

Mountains
Syrmia's principal mountain is Fruška Gora. Its highest peak is Crveni Čot at 539 m.

See also

 Srem District
 Methodius Stratiev
 Vukovar-Syrmia County
 Syrmia County
 Sanjak of Syrmia
 Kingdom of Srem
 Theme of Sirmium
 Sirmium
 Vojvodina
 Slavonia
 Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Srem
 Roman Catholic Diocese of Srijem

References

References

External links

Geographical regions of Serbia
Geography of Belgrade
Geography of Vojvodina
Regions of Croatia
Historical regions in Serbia
Historical regions in Croatia
Slavonia

Syrmia