Trilby is a novel by George du Maurier and one of the most popular novels of its time. Published serially in Harper's New Monthly Magazine from January to August 1894, it was published in book form on 8 September 1894 and sold 200,000 copies in the United States alone. Trilby is set in the 1850s in an idyllic bohemian Paris. Though Trilby features the stories of two English artists and a Scottish artist, one of the most memorable characters is Svengali, a rogue, masterful musician and hypnotist.

Trilby O'Ferrall, the novel's heroine, is a half-Irish girl working in Paris as an artist's model and laundress; all the men in the novel are in love with her. The relationship between Trilby and Svengali forms only a small, though crucial, portion of the novel, which is mainly an evocation of a milieu.

Lucy Sante wrote that the novel had a "decisive influence on the stereotypical notion of bohemia" and that it "affected the habits of American youth, particularly young women, who derived from it the courage to call themselves artists and 'bachelor girls,' to smoke cigarettes and drink Chianti."

The novel has been adapted to the stage several times; one of these featured the lead actress wearing a distinctive short-brimmed hat with a sharp snap to the back of the brim. The hat became known as the trilby and went on to become a popular men's clothing item in the United Kingdom throughout various parts of the 20th century, subsequently gaining popularity elsewhere and seeing a resurgence in popularity in the early 1980s, when it was marketed to both men and women in an attempt to capitalise on a retro fashion trend.

Harper's New Monthly Magazine

Eight instalments
The work was published in eight instalments, in Harper's New Monthly Magazine from January 1894 to August 1894:
 Part First: in Vol.88, No.524 (January 1894), pp. 168-189.
 Part Second: in Vol.88, No.525 (February 1894), pp. 329-350.
 Part Third: in Vol.88, No.526 (March 1894), pp. 567-587.
 Part Fourth: in Vol.88, No.527 (April 1894), pp. 721-741.
 Part Fifth: in Vol.88, No.528 (May 1894), pp. 825-847.
 Part Sixth: in Vol.89, No.529 (June 1894), pp. 67-87.
 Part Seventh: in Vol.89, No.530 (July 1894), pp. 261-284.
 Part Eighth: in Vol.89, No.531 (August 1894), pp. 351-374.

The novel
The eight separate instalments were published as an entire work in a volume that was released on 8 September 1894:
 du Maurier, G. (1894). Trilby: A Novel. New York: Harper & Brothers.

Whistler's lawsuit
The extraordinary initial sales of the book  almost 100,000 copies were sold in the first two months were, no doubt, greatly enhanced by the pre-publication controversy created when the eminent artist, James McNeill Whistler, initiated legal action against both du Maurier and Harper Brothers, demanding that all textual and visual references to "Joe Sibley", the pompous and eccentric "idle apprentice", (obviously based upon Whistler) be removed from the proposed book.

As a consequence of Whistler's action, Harper Brothers removed all of the references in question from the book prior to its publication and, also, removed them from its reprints of the March 1894 issue. On 2 December 1894, the Chicago Sunday Tribune gave details of Whistler's protests, and published a side-by-side comparison of the original text and illustrations (from pp.577, 578, and 579 of the March 1894 magazine), and those of the altered published volume (pp.142, 143, 144, 145, and 146).

Plot summary
Three English art students in Paris (Talbot Wynne, called 'Taffy', a distant heir to a baronetcy; Sandy McAlister, the Laird of Cockpen; and William Bagot, alias 'Little Billee') meet musicians Svengali and Gecko and the artist's model and laundress Trilby O'Ferrall.

Trilby is cheerful, kindhearted, bohemian, and completely tone-deaf: "Svengali would test her ear, as he called it, and strike the C in the middle and then the F just above, and ask which was higher; and she would declare they were both the same." To the bemusement of the other characters, Trilby is unable to sing "Ben Bolt" in tune. Yet despite being off-key, her singing voice nonetheless has an impressive quality.

The Englishmen and Trilby become friends. Svengali tries to persuade Trilby to let him train her voice, but she finds him repulsive and even frightening. She and Little Billee fall in love, but his scandalized relatives get her to promise to leave him. She leaves Paris with her little brother, who later dies of scarlet fever. Trilby then falls under Svengali's influence. He hypnotises her and transforms her into a diva, La Svengali. Under his spell, Trilby becomes a talented singer, performing always in an amnesiac trance.

Five years later, Little Billee is a famous painter. He, the Laird and Taffy recognise Trilby as she performs at a concert. Trilby sings beautifully but does not appear to be in good health.

Shortly before another performance, Gecko suddenly turns on Svengali and slashes him with a penknife. At the concert, Svengali is stricken by a heart attack and is unable to induce the trance. Trilby is unable to sing in tune and is subjected to "laughter, hoots, hisses, cat-calls, cock-crows." Not having been hypnotised, she is baffled and, though she can remember living and travelling with Svengali, cannot remember anything of her singing career. Suddenly an audience member yells:

"Oh, ye're Henglish, har yer? Why don't yer sing as yer ought to sing—yer've got voice enough, any'ow! Why don't yer sing in tune?" she cries "I didn't want to sing at all—I only sang because I was asked to sing—that gentleman asked—that French gentleman with the white waistcoat! I won't sing another note!"

As she leaves the stage, Svengali dies. Trilby is stricken with a nervous affliction. Despite the efforts of her friends, she dies some weeks later—staring at a picture of Svengali. Little Billee is devastated and dies shortly afterwards.

Some years later, Taffy, who has married Little Billee's sister, meets Gecko again and learns how Svengali had hypnotised Trilby and damaged her health in the process. Gecko reveals that he had tried to kill Svengali because he could not bear to see Trilby hurt during their awful rehearsals.

Inspiration

It was popularly believed that the hypnotic control Svengali has over Trilby was modelled after the relationship between the French harpist and composer Nicolas-Charles Bochsa and the English operatic soprano Anna Bishop. Anna Bishop had left her husband Henry Bishop (later Sir Henry), the composer of "Home! Sweet Home!", for Bochsa. Bishop was 23 years her senior and Bochsa was 20 years older than Anna.  Bochsa became her manager as well as her lover.  She sang in many opera houses on their extensive travels throughout Europe (particularly in Naples, Italy), North America and Sydney, where Bochsa died suddenly in 1856 and is buried.  Sir Henry Bishop had died the previous year.  Anna Bishop later remarried, continued travelling and singing professionally into her seventies, and died in New York City.

The character of Little Billee is a reference to an eponymous ballad by William Makepeace Thackeray.

Reception

The late nineteenth-century novelist George Gissing read the "notorious" novel in May 1896 with "scant satisfaction".  Trilby inspired Gaston Leroux's novel The Phantom of the Opera (1910) in part. It was also known for introducing the phrase "in the altogether" (meaning "completely unclothed") and the term "Svengali" for a man with dominating powers over a (generally female) protégée, as well as indirectly inspiring the name of the trilby hat, originally worn on stage by the lead actress in the play based on the novel.

Criticism
Trilby has generated much obloquy for the depiction of its Jewish antagonist, Svengali. Most notably, George Orwell wrote that the novel is overtly antisemitic. Specifically, Orwell believed that du Maurier attributes all of Svengali's villainous and rapacious qualities to his Ashkenazic Jewishness. While du Maurier does introduce another Jew into the work who possesses more virtuous qualities, he is careful to note that this is due to his Sephardic Jewish ancestry. Furthermore, du Maurier seems to believe that possessing Jewish blood gives one an advantage. According to Orwell, this type of antisemitism was popular in du Maurier's time.

Adaptations and references to the novel
The novel was adapted into a long-running play, Trilby, starring Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree as Svengali, first presented in 1895 in London. In New York Wilton Lackaye originated the role of Svengali and Virginia Harned played the title role. The play was revived many times, including at the Apollo Theatre in the 1920s.  The play was so popular that it was travestied, including as A Model Trilby; or, A Day or Two After Du Maurier by Charles H. E. Brookfield and William Yardley, with music by Meyer Lutz, at the Opera Comique, produced by the retired Nellie Farren.

The novel has also been adapted to film numerous times:

 Trilby, (1912) an Austrian silent film starring Paul Askonas and Elsa Galafrés, directed by Anton Kolm, Luise Kolm, Jacob Fleck, and Claudius Veltée.
 Trilby (1914), a British silent film starring Viva Birkett and Herbert Beerbohm Tree, directed by Harold M. Shaw
 Trilby (1915), an American silent film starring Clara Kimball Young and Wilton Lackaye, directed by Maurice Tourneur
 Trilby (1923), an American silent film starring Andree Lafayette, Arthur Edmund Carewe, and Creighton Hale
 Svengali (1927), a German silent film starring Paul Wegener and Anita Dorris
 Svengali (1931), a Warner Brothers release with John Barrymore and Marian Marsh
 Svengali (1954), a British film starring Donald Wolfit and Hildegard Knef
Svengali (1983), a TV movie starring Peter O'Toole and Jodie Foster

A musical adaptation by Frank Wildhorn, entitled Svengali, was staged twice in 1991.

The Trilby story was parodied in Mighty Mouse cartoons in the 1940s that featured Pearl Pureheart and Oil Can Harry. Included was a performance of "Ben Bolt".

A fandom developed around the Trilby character, which was criticised in Belsham's Essays. Trilby is referenced several times in William Gaddis' novel JR, wherein Edward Bast the protagonist becomes a mirror of Little Billee, a prominent artist in Trilby.

An inside look at Trilby and Henry James's friendship with du Maurier (Kiki) can be found in David Lodge's novel Author, Author (2004).

Australian composer Thomas Bulch writing under the pen name Charles Le Thierre published a Trilby waltz dedication, featuring Trilby posing for an artist on the cover in the same year as Sydney productions of the stage play.

The celebrated Polish World War II Special Operations Executive agent Krystyna Skarbek, a.k.a. Christine Granville, used Svengali as a metaphor when saying of her second husband, Jerzy Giżycki:  "He was my Svengali for so many years that he would never believe that I could ever leave him for good."

In 2011 and 2012, the British illusionist Derren Brown performed a stage show called Svengali in which he makes multiple reference to the character throughout the show.

See also
 Trilbyana

Citations

General and cited references
 Brown, Thomas Allston. A History of the New York Stage from the First Performance in 1732 to 1901, New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1902.
 Davison, Neil R. "'The Jew' as Homme/Femme-Fatale: Jewish (Art)ifice, "Trilby," and Dreyfus." Jewish Social Studies 8 (Winter–Spring 2002): 73–111. Accessed through JStor on 4 September 2009.
 Masson, Madeleine, Christine:  A Search for Christine Granville, G.M., O.B.E., Croix de Guerre, with a Foreword by Francis Cammaerts, D.S.O., Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, US Medal of Freedom, London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975; republished by Virago, 2005.
 McNaught, W. "George du Maurier and Trilby." The Musical Times 81 (November 1940): 435–438. Accessed through JStor on 4 September 2009.
 Parry, Albert.  Garrets and Pretenders: Bohemian Life in America from Poe to Kerouac.  New York: Covici-Friede, 1933.
 Taylor, Jonathan. "The Music Master and 'the Jew' in Victorian Writing: Thomas Carlyle, Richard Wagner, George Eliot and George Du Maurier." In The Idea of Music in Victorian Fiction. Edited by Sophie Fuller and Nicky Losseff. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2004.
 Weliver, Phyllis. "Music, crowd control and the female performer in Trilby." In The Idea of Music in Victorian Fiction. Edited by Sophie Fuller and Nicky Losseff. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2004.
 Weliver, Phyllis. Women Musicians in Victorian Fiction, 1860–1900. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2000.

External links

 Trilby at Internet Archive (scanned books original editions colour illustrated)
 Trilby at Project Gutenberg Australia (plain text and HTML)
 Article about Trilby on Mount Holyoke College's "Bohemianism and Counterculture" site.
Trilbyana:The Rise and Progress of a Popular Novel available in multiple formats at gutenberg.org

1894 British novels
Antisemitic novels
Antisemitism in England
Bohemianism
British Gothic novels
British novels adapted into films
British novels adapted into plays
British novels adapted into television shows
Fictional singers
Novels about artists
Novels by George du Maurier
Novels first published in serial form
Novels set in Paris
Novels set in the 1850s
Victorian novels
Works originally published in Harper's Magazine

Trilby (novel)


بطولة الصين المفتوحة (رسميا بطولة بكين سلام المفتوحة) هي بطولة تنس للمحترفين في بكين، الصين. وعقدت لأول مرة في 1993. وفي عام 1998 تمت ازالتها من اجندة الاتحاد حتى عام 2004. منذ 2005 تمت اضافتها في رابطة المحترفات للتنس ورابطة المحترفين أيضا. وتمت إقامة الحدث في عام 2008 من 20 سبتمبر إلى 28 سبتمبر.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أحداث رياضية دورية أسست في 1993
أحداث كرة مضرب ألغيت بسبب جائحة فيروس كورونا
الرياضة في بكين
بطولات كرة المضرب على الأرضية الصلبة
بطولات كرة مضرب في الصين
رابطة محترفات كرة المضرب
سلسلة بطولات محترفي التنس 500 نقطة
كرة مضرب صينية في 2020

بطولة الصين المفتوحة للتنس


The jalapeño ( ,  , ) is a medium-sized chili pepper pod type cultivar of the species Capsicum annuum. A mature jalapeño chili is  long and hangs down with a round, firm, smooth flesh of  wide. It can have a range of pungency, with Scoville heat units of 4,000 to 8,500. Commonly picked and consumed while still green, it is occasionally allowed to fully ripen and turn red, orange, or yellow. It is wider and generally milder than the similar Serrano pepper.

History and etymology

The jalapeño is variously named huachinango, for the ripe red jalapeño, and chile gordo (meaning "fat chili pepper") also known as cuaresmeño.

The name jalapeño is Spanish for "from Xalapa", the capital city of Veracruz, Mexico, where the pepper was traditionally cultivated.

Genetic analysis of Capsicum annuum places jalapeños as a distinct genetic clade with no close sisters that are not directly derived from jalapeños. Jalapeños were in use by the Aztecs prior to the Spanish conquest; Bernardino de Sahagún in the Florentine Codex writes of Aztec markets selling chipotles (smoked jalapeños) and mole made from chipotles, besides the sale of fresh chilies. The use of peppers in the Americas dates back thousands of years, including the practice of smoking some varieties of peppers in order to preserve them; further well preserved samples and genetic testing would be needed to determine the usage and existence of the jalapeño clade and pod type into the past.

Cultivation
In 1999, roughly  of land in Mexico was dedicated to jalapeño production; , that had decreased to . Jalapeños account for thirty percent of Mexico's chili production, and while the total land area used for cultivation has decreased, there has been a 1.5% increase in volume yield per year in Mexico due to increasing irrigation, use of greenhouses, better equipment, knowledge, and improved techniques. Because of this, in 2009, 619,000 tons of jalapeños were produced with 42% of the crop coming from Chihuahua, 12.9% from Sinaloa, 6.6% from Jalisco, and 6.3% from Michoacán. La Costeña controls about 60% of the world market and, according to company published figures, exports 16% of the peppers that Mexico produces, an 80% share of the 20% that Mexico exports in total. The US imports 98% of La Costeña's exports.

According to the USDA, starting since 2010, California produces the most jalapeños followed by New Mexico and Texas, for a total of  of peppers in 2014. It is difficult to get accurate statistics on chilies and specific chilies as growers are not fond of keeping and sharing such data and reporting agencies often lump all green chilies together, or all hot chilies, with no separation of pod type. In New Mexico in 2002 the crop of jalapeños were worth $3 million at the farm gate and $20 million with processing.

China, Peru, Spain, and India are also producers of commercial chilies, including jalapeños.

 Jalapeños are a pod type of Capsicum annuum. The growing period is 70–80 days. When mature, the plant stands  tall. Typically, a plant produces 25 to 35 pods. During a growing period, a plant will be picked multiple times. As the growing season ends, the peppers turn red, as seen in sriracha sauce. Jalapeños thrive in a number of soil types and temperatures, though they prefer warmer climates, provided they have adequate water. The optimum temperature for seed germination is , with degradation of germination seen above  and little to no germination occurring at ; at  the time to 50% germination rate depends on cultivar and seed lot but was tested as being between 4 and 5 days, which is shorter than cayenne. A pH of 4.5 to 7.0 is preferred for growing jalapeños, and well-drained soil is essential for healthy plants. Jalapeños need at least 6 to 8 hours of sunlight per day. Experiments show that unlike bell peppers at least 7.5 millimolar (mM) nitrogen is needed for optimal pod production, and 15 to 22 mM nitrogen produces the best result: the plant produces both more leaves and more pods, rather than just more leaves. Once picked, individual peppers may turn to red of their own accord. The peppers can be eaten green or red. Though usually grown as an annual they are perennial and if protected from frost can produce during multiple years, as with all Capsicum annuum.

Jalapeños are subject to root rot and foliar blight, both often caused by Phytophthora capsici; over-watering worsens the condition as the fungus grows best in warm wet environments. Crop rotation can help, and resistant strains of jalapeño, such as the 'NuMex Vaquero' and 'TAM Mild Jalapeño', have been and are being bred as this is of major commercial impact throughout the world. As jalapeños are a cultivar, the diseases are common to Capsicum annuum: Verticillium wilt, Cercospora capsici, Powdery mildew, Colletotrichum capsici (Ripe Rot), Erwinia carotovora (Soft Rot), Beet curly top virus, Tospovirus (Tomato spotted wilt virus), Pepper mottle virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, Pepper Geminiviridae, and Root-knot nematode being among the major commercially important diseases.

After harvest, if jalapeños are stored at  they have a shelf life of up to 3–5 weeks. Jalapeños produce 0.1–0.2 µL⋅kg−1⋅h−1 of ethylene, very low for chilies, and do not respond to ethylene treatment. Holding jalapeños at 20–25 °C and high humidity can be used to complete the ripening of picked jalapeños. A hot water dip of  for 4 minutes is used to kill off molds that may exist on the picked peppers without damaging them. The majority of jalapeños are wet processed, canned, or pickled on harvesting for use in mixes, prepared food products, and salsas.

Hybrids and sub-cultivars
There are a wide variety of breeds for consumer and commercial use of jalapeño plants. The majority fall under one of four categories: F1 hybrids, where the parent plants have been hand-emasculated and cross-bred to produce uniform offspring with hybrid vigor; cultivars which are F-11 or F-12 hybrids or later generations where a stable unique population has been developed; landraces; and F2 hybrids.

F1 hybrids produce the highest and most uniform yields but cost 25 times the cost of open-pollinated seed, leading to only 2% of the farmland dedicated to jalapeño cultivation in the United States being planted with F1 hybrids. F2 hybrids often produce similarly to F1 hybrids; however, some F1 hybrids are produced via recessive male sterility to eliminate the need to hand-pollinate, reducing the cost to produce the hybrid, but producing a 25% reduction in yield in the F2 generation. Some notable F1 hybrids are 'Mitla', 'Perfecto', 'Tula', 'Grande' (a hot jalapeño), 'Sayula', 'Senorita', and 'Torreon', most of them being developed and marketed by Petoseed, a brand of Seminis.

Cultivars are researched and created to promote desirable traits. Common traits selected for are resistance to viruses and other pepper-related diseases, milder peppers, early ripening, more attractive fruit in terms of size, wall thickness, and corking, and higher yields. The land-grant universities and the Chile Pepper Institute promote the use of cultivars as the most sustainable and environmentally safe disease control method both in terms of economics and long-term environmental perspective. Notable cultivars include 'Early Jalapeño', 'TAM Mild Jalapeño', 'TAM Mild Jalapeño II', 'TAM Veracruz', the yellow 'TAM Jaloro',   'NuMex Vaquero', the colorful 'NuMex Piñata', 'TAM Dulcito', 'Waialua', and 'NuMex Primavera'.

Sweet hybrids
Sweet hybridized varieties have been created with no "heat", although they retain the look and flavor of a jalapeño.

Eating characteristics

Nutrients

A raw jalapeño is 92% water, 6% carbohydrates, 1% protein, and contains negligible fat (table). A  reference serving of raw jalapeños provides  of food energy, and is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of vitamin C, vitamin B6, and vitamin E, with vitamin K in a moderate amount (table). Other micronutrients are low in content (table).

Scoville heat units
Compared with other chillies, the jalapeño heat level varies from mild to hot depending on cultivation and preparation and can have from a few thousand to over 10,000 Scoville heat units. The number of scars on the pepper, which appear as small brown lines, called 'corking', has a positive correlation with heat level, as growing conditions which increase heat level also cause the pepper to form scars. For US consumer markets, 'corking' is considered unattractive; however, in other markets, it is a favored trait, particularly in pickled or oil-preserved jalapeños.

The heat level of jalapeños varies even for fruit from the same plant; however, some cultivars have been bred to be generally milder, and on the low side of the heat range, such as the 'TAM Milds' and 'Dulcito', and others to be generally hotter, and on the high end of the heat range, such as 'Grande'. As the peppers ripen their pungency increases, making red jalapeños to be generally hotter than green jalapeños, at least of the same variety. If the jalapeño plants were stressed by increased water salinity, erratic watering, temperature, light, soil nutrition, insects, or illness, this will increase their pungency.

All of the capsaicin and related compounds are concentrated in vesicles found in the placenta membrane surrounding the seeds; the vesicles appear white or yellow and fluoresce in the range of 530 to 600 nm when placed in violet light. If fresh chili peppers come in contact with the skin, eyes, lips or other membranes, irritation can occur; some people who are particularly sensitive wear latex or vinyl gloves while handling peppers.  If irritation does occur, washing the oils off with hot soapy water and applying vegetable oil to the skin may help. When preparing jalapeños, it is recommended that hands not come in contact with the eyes as this leads to burning and redness.

Serving methods

 Stuffed jalapeños are hollowed-out fresh jalapeños (served cooked or raw) filled with seafood, meat, poultry, or cheese.
 Pickled jalapeños, a type of pickled pepper, sliced or whole, are often served hot or cold on top of nachos, which are tortilla chips with melted cheese on top, a Tex-Mex dish.
 Chipotles are smoked ripe jalapeños.
 Jalapeño jelly, which is a pepper jelly, can be prepared using jelling methods.
 Jalapeño peppers are often muddled and served in mixed drinks.
 Jalapeño poppers are an appetizer; jalapeños are stuffed with cheese, usually cheddar or cream cheese, breaded or wrapped in bacon, and cooked.
 Armadillo eggs are jalapeños or similar chilis stuffed with cheese, coated in seasoned sausage meat and wrapped in bacon. The "eggs" are then grilled until the bacon starts to crisp.
 Chiles toreados are fresh jalapeños that are sauteed in oil until the skin is blistered all over. They are sometimes served with melted cheese on top.
 Texas toothpicks are jalapeños and onions shaved into straws, lightly breaded, and deep-fried.
 Chopped jalapeños are a common ingredient in many salsas and chilis.
 Jalapeño slices are commonly served in Vietnamese pho and bánh mì, and are also a common sandwich and pizza topping in the West.

Culinary concerns
Jalapeños are a low-acid food with a pH of 4.8–6.0 depending on maturity and individual pepper. If canned or pickled jalapeños appear gassy, mushy, moldy, or have a disagreeable odor, then to avoid botulism, special precautions are needed to avoid illness and spread of the bacteria. Canning or packaging in calcium chloride increases the firmness of the peppers and the calcium content, whether or not the peppers are pickled as well as canned.

In 2008, fresh jalapeños from Mexico were tested positive for Salmonella leading the FDA to believe that the peppers were responsible for much of the 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak. This large outbreak of Salmonella led to increased research into the detection of pathogens on jalapeños, the frequency and behavior of foodborne illness related to jalapeños, and ways to prevent foodborne illnesses from fresh jalapeños. Contaminated irrigation water and processing water are the two most common methods by which jalapeños become contaminated, as was the case in the 2008 outbreak. Jalapeños have similar microbial properties to tomatoes. The outer layer of their skin provides a safe environment for pathogens to survive, and if damaged or chopped provides a growth medium for these pathogens. Washing fresh jalapeños is important to reduce pathogen counts both at the farm and consumer level, but without cold storage it is insufficient to prevent pathogen spread.

In culture
The jalapeño is a Mexican chili but was designated by the Texas Legislature as the official "State Pepper of Texas" in 1995. In Mexico, jalapeños are used in many forms such as in salsa, pico de gallo, or grilled jalapeños. Jalapeños were included as food on the Space Shuttle as early as 1982.

Guinness World Records recognizes Alfredo Hernandes for the most jalapeños eaten in a minute: 16, on 17 September 2006 at the La Costeña Feel the Heat Challenge in Chicago, Illinois. Patrick Bertoletti holds the Major League Eating jalapeño records at 275 pickled jalapeños in 8 minutes on 1 May 2011, and 191 pickled jalapeños in 6.5 minutes on 16 September 2007 in the 'Short-Form'.

Joaquín Guzmán, also known as "El Chapo", the leader of the Sinaloa Cartel, operated a cannery in Guadalajara producing "Comadre Jalapeños" in order to ship cocaine to the US.

Gallery

See also

 Capsicum
 Habanero
 List of hot sauces
 Washington's Birthday Celebration in Laredo, Texas, which includes the annual Jalapeño Festival in February

References

External links

Capsicum cultivars
Chili peppers
Cuisine of the Southwestern United States
Fruit vegetables
Mexican cuisine
New Mexican cuisine
Spanish words and phrases
Texan cuisine
Symbols of Texas

Jalapeño


Nikola Maslać (Borut, 18. veljače 1895. – Zagreb, 20. srpnja 1969.), hrvatski katolički svećenik, isusovac, povjesničar i prevoditelj.

Životopis
Pater Nikola rođen je u Borutu, kraj Stoca. U Travniku je pohađao i 1916. godine maturirao na gimnaziji. Pošao je u isusovce usprkos očevu protivljenju. Studirao je filozofiju u Innsbrucku. Povijest i zemljopis studirao u Zagrebu od 1920. do 1922. godine. U Rimu i Sarajevu studirao bogoslovlje. Zaređen je za svećenika 27. lipnja 1927.

Bio je profesor povijesti i zemljopisa te odgojitelj u travničkoj gimnaziji. Zatvaranjem gimnazije 22. veljače 1945. otišao iz Travnika.  Sljedeće školske godine, 1945./46. predavao u Sarajevu na Visokoj bogoslovnoj školi crkvenu povijest, patrologiju i crkvenu umjetnost. Prestankom rada škole imenovan je travnja 1946. za župnika na Uzdolu. Ostao je dvije godine. Klonulom i komunističkom strahovladom zastrašenom narodu ulio je hrabrost i nadu i s pravom ga se drži za pravog duhovnog obnovitelja župe. Put ga nosi u Dubrovnik gdje je predavao u gimnaziji, zatim u Osijek gdje djeluje u pastoralu. Jugokomunisti su ga poslali u zatvor. Bio je iskren na revan, iskren, naivan i svakom je rekao što je mislio. To ga je koštalo slobode, jer se povjerio nekim osobama koje su ga denuncirale i komunističke vlasti osudile na dvije i pol godine zatvora u Staroj Gradišci. Bio je i prevoditelj i pod stare dane prevodio je s talijanskog i njemačkog jezika, ispovijedao i posjećivao bolesnike. Umro je u Zagrebu u isusovačkoj rezidenciji. Važan kao povjesničar. Pod pseudonimom Hrvat Hrvatinić napisao je kratak pregled hrvatske povijesti te brojne članke u časopisu "Život" i drugim listovima.

Izvori

Hrvatski katolički svećenici
Hrvatski isusovci
Hrvatski povjesničari
Hrvatski crkveni povjesničari
Odgoj i obrazovanje u Hrvatskoj
Odgoj i obrazovanje u Bosni i Hercegovini
Hrvatski prevoditelji iz Bosne i Hercegovine

Nikola Maslać


The Medium (thaï : ร่างทรง, Rang Zong) est un film d'horreur surnaturel thaïlandais et sud-coréen de 2021, réalisé par Banjong Pisanthanakun et produit par Na Hong-jin.

Ce film a été tourné comme un faux documentaire dans la province de Loei en Isan, au nord-est de la Thaïlande. C'est une coproduction de la société thaïlandaise GDH 559 et de la société sud-coréenne Showbox. Le film a été présenté en avant-première au  Festival international du film fantastique de Puchon. Il est sorti en salle en Corée du Sud le  et en Thaïlande le 28 octobre 2021.

Synopsis
Une équipe de documentaristes thaïlandais se rend dans le nord-est de la Thaïlande, à Isan, pour documenter la vie quotidienne d'une médium locale, Nim, qui est possédée par l'esprit de "Bayan", une divinité locale que les villageois vénèrent. Mink, sa nièce, commence à montrer des signes indiquant qu'elle serait possédée mais au fil du temps, le comportement bizarre de Mink devient plus extrême et commence à laisser entrevoir quelque chose de plus sinistre.

Fiche technique

 Titre : The Medium
 Titre original : ร่างทรง / Rang Song
 Réalisation : Banjong Pisanthanakun
 Scénario : Chantavit Dhanasevi et Na Hong-jin
 Musique : Chatchai Ponhprapahan
 Société de production : GDH 559 et Showbox
 Genre : Horreur / Fantastique
 Langue : Thaï siamois et thaï Isan
 Durée : 130 minutes
 Pays de production : Thaïlande et Corée du Sud
 Date de sortie : 14 juillet 2021 en Corée du Sud ; 28 octobre 2021 en Thaïlande ; sortie en DVD en France le 22 juin 2022

Distribution
 Narilya Gulmongkolpech  : la jeune Mink
 Sawanee Utoomma  : Nim, chaman et tante de Mink
 Sirani Yankittikan  : Noi, grande sœur de Nim et mère de Mink
 Yasaka Chaisorn  : Manit, grand frère de Nim et oncle de Mink
 Arunee Wattana  : Pang, épouse de Manit
 Thanutphon Boonsang  : Lisa, amie de la jeune Mink
 Boonsong Nakphoo  : Santi, l'ami chaman de Nim

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film thaïlandais sorti en 2021
Film sud-coréen sorti en 2021
Film d'horreur thaïlandais
Film d'horreur sud-coréen
Film fantastique thaïlandais
Film fantastique sud-coréen
Film sur le chamanisme
Film réalisé par Banjong Pisanthanakun

The Medium (film, 2021)


Berhampore est une banlieue de la cité de Wellington, située dans le sud de l'île du Nord de la Nouvelle-Zélande.

Situation
Elle siège en direction du sud de la cité, à  à partir du centre de la ville et à  de la côte du détroit de Cook.

Municipalités limitrophes

Toponymie
La banlieue fut dénommée d'après la ville de Berhampore en Inde, plus particulièrement au Bengal, qui fut un des champs de bataille du début de la bataille de Plassey de 1757.

Installations
Entourant aussi la ville de Berhampore, on trouve le parcours de golf du Berhampore Golf Course constituant une très importante étendue de la ceinture verte (connue comme la ) avec de nombreux parcours de promenade à pieds et chemins de marche reliant les différents secteurs entourant la ville. La banlieue comporte aussi certains des meilleurs terrains de sports, utilisables par tous temps de la ville de Wellington, situés sur Adelaide Road et en particulier le National Hockey Stadium. Avec le parcours de golf, il y a aussi un parc de skateboard/BMX avec un trajet de Vélo tout-terrain ou mountain bike adapté pour les enfants.

L', à proximité, ouvrit en 1915.

Population
Les résidents de Berhampore sont d'origines ethniques et socio-économique très diverses, contribuant ainsi à l'atmosphère des communautés environnantes. Le trafic important, récemment calmé par l'action du , au niveau d'Adelaide Road et de Luxford Street, a aidé à créer un sens plus défini de la communauté au niveau de la banlieue de Berhampore.

L'ensemble des logements au niveau de Berhampore est un mélange de propriétés, principalement de valeur basse ou moyenne avec des exemples de la plupart des styles de bâtiments visibles en Nouvelle-Zélande depuis la colonisation par les Européens.

Le , localisé au niveau de Adelaide Road, est un bon exemple de l'architecture de . Il a été conçu par , architecte en chef au niveau du Département, responsable de la construction de ces maisons qui ont été terminées de 1938 à 1939.

Voir aussi

 Liste des villes de Nouvelle-Zélande

Notes et références

Ville en Nouvelle-Zélande
Banlieue de Wellington City

Berhampore


Die Protonuraghe Orgono bei Ghilarza in der Provinz Oristano auf Sardinien ist eine Proto- oder Korridornuraghe und eine Chimäre. Protonuraghen (auch Korridor- oder Pseudonuraghen, ) sind die Vor- oder Frühform der klassischen Turmbauten oder Tholosnuraghen () der bronzezeitlichen Nuraghenkulturen Sardiniens. Sie ist in einem sehr guten Zustand, hat aber keine homogene Struktur, da sie in verschiedenen Epochen und mit verschiedenen Techniken erbaut wurde.

Die in Zyklopentechnik erbaute Basis, mit großen fugenlos verarbeiteten Blöcken hat eine elliptische Kammer, mit umgekehrt-bootsförmiger Decke (Eselsrücken) und einige andere seltene Strukturen, wie eine Treppe, die von der zentralen Kammer ausgeht, sowie eine große Nische in der Außenwand, die keine Verbindung mit dem Inneren hat, also kein Fenster darstellt, und deren Funktion unbekannt ist. Diese altertümliche Nuraghe wurde später mit einer jüngeren Tholosnuraghe überbaut.

Zeitstellung
Die etwa 300 Protonuraghen auf Sardinien entstanden während der Phase B der zweiphasigen Bonnanaro-Kultur, die als Nachfolger der sowohl megalithischen als auch kupferzeitlichen Monte-Claro-Kultur etwa zwischen 1800 und 1500 v. Chr. herrschte.

Siehe auch
 Bonnanaro-Kultur
 Liste vor- und frühgeschichtlicher archäologischer Fundplätze auf Sardinien

Literatur
 Giovanni Lilliu: I nuraghi. Torri preistoriche di Sardegna. La Zattera, Cagliari 1962.
 Vincenzo Santoni: Il segno del potere. ("Das Zeichen der Macht."). In: Dino Sanna (Hrsg.): Nur. La misteriosa civiltà dei Sardi. Cariplo – Cassa di risparmio delle provincie lombarde, Milano 1980, S. 141–186.

Weblinks
 Beschreibung ital. und Bilder

Orgono
Orgono
Ghilarza

Protonuraghe Orgono


Ernst Jürgen Degenhart Peiffer (* 1. Dezember 1922 in Berlin; † 11. Dezember 2006 in Tübingen) war ein deutscher Neurologe, Neuropathologe und Hirnforscher, der neben seinen wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten auch wissenschaftshistorische Arbeiten zur Geschichte der Hirnforschung und zur Geschichte der Euthanasie in Deutschland veröffentlicht hat.

Leben
Peiffer absolvierte das Abitur am Eberhard Ludwigs-Gymnasium in Stuttgart; direkt nach der Schulzeit wurde er zum Arbeits- und Wehrdienst eingezogen. Das Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs erlebte er als Oberleutnant und Chef einer Panzerkompanie. Unmittelbar danach studierte er Medizin in München. Er wurde Volontärassistent an der Universitäts-Nervenklinik in München, wo sein Interesse für Neurologie gefestigt wurde. Danach wechselte er für vier Jahre in die Abteilung für Klinische Neurophysiologie der Universität Freiburg und danach an die Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie (heute das Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie).

Anschließend ging er an die Universitäts-Nervenklinik in Würzburg und wurde 1959 Facharzt für Nerven- und Gemütskrankheiten. 1961 habilitierte er sich für die Fächer Neurologie und Psychiatrie in Würzburg. Zwischen 1963 und 1964 war er Leitender Oberarzt an der Neurologischen Universitätsklinik der Universität Gießen, wo er am Aufbau der ersten neurologischen Intensivstation beteiligt war.

1964 nahm er den Ruf an die Universität Tübingen an, wo er ordentlicher Professor für Neuropathologie und Direktor des Instituts für Hirnforschung wurde und bis zu seiner Emeritierung (1988) auch blieb. Er forschte vor allem über Epilepsie, seine Arbeiten darüber wurden mit mehreren Preisen ausgezeichnet.

Am Tübinger Institut für Hirnforschung arbeitete Peiffer vor allem über die Differenzierung und Früherkennung genetisch bedingter Hirnerkrankungen und mit genetisch bedingten Stoffwechselerkrankungen. Für die Bearbeitung dieser Fragestellungen schuf er eine neue Form der Zusammenarbeit zwischen theoretischen Wissenschaftlern und Klinischen Forschern, das später oft als "Tübinger Modell" bezeichnet wurde. Dafür gründete er am Institut eine eigene Sektion Neurochemie, die von Klaus Harzer geleitet wurde. Dieses Modell wurde wegweisend für die Diagnostik von Stoffwechselerkrankungen in ganz Deutschland.

Im Jahr 1976 untersuchte er im Auftrag der Stuttgarter Staatsanwaltschaft das Gehirn von Ulrike Meinhof, die sich zuvor in der Haft das Leben genommen hatte. Peiffer kam zu dem Schluss, dass aus nervenfachärztlicher Sicht (…) Hirnschäden des hier nachgewiesenen Ausmaßes und entsprechender Lokalisation unzweifelhaft Anlass gewesen [wären], im Gerichtsverfahren Fragen nach der Zurechnungsfähigkeit zu begründen, eine Aussage, die nach einem Bericht des Spiegel bis in das Jahr 2002 nicht veröffentlicht wurde.

Engagement in der akademischen Selbstverwaltung
Neben seiner wissenschaftlichen Arbeit war Peiffer auch in der Akademischen Selbstverwaltung aktiv. Während der Studentenbewegung amtierte er 1968 als Prorektor der Universität und war 1969 Dekan der Medizinischen Fakultät. Von Mai 1970 bis Juni 1971 war er Rektor der Universität und ging als "Rektor des Ausgleichs" in die Geschichte der Universität Tübingen ein. Weiterhin war er Mitglied im Wissenschaftsrat, Mitglied im Senat der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft und im wissenschaftlichen Beirat der Bundesärztekammer.

Arbeiten über die Geschichte der Hirnforschung und die "Euthanasie" im NS-Regime
Nach seiner Emeritierung im Jahr 1988 widmete sich Peiffer der oft schuldhaften Verstrickung der Medizin und vor allem der Hirnforschung in der NS-Herrschaft. Seine Forschungsarbeiten wurden zum Teil durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft finanziert; außerdem war er Gastwissenschaftler bei der unabhängigen Kommission "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus", die im Auftrag des Präsidenten der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft die Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft in der NS-Zeit untersuchte. Hier veröffentlichte er mehrere Arbeiten, so etwa die Studie "Wissenschaftliches Erkenntnisstreben als Tötungsmotiv? Zur Kennzeichnung von Opfern auf deren Krankenakten und zur Organisation und Unterscheidung von Kinder-"Euthanasie" und T4-Aktion".

In Tübingen war Peiffer "maßgeblich daran beteiligt", Hirn-Präparate von NS-Opfern auf dem Gräberfeld X (= römisch 10) des Tübinger Stadtfriedhofes beerdigen zu lassen.

Mitgliedschaften in Akademien
Seit 1973 war er ordentliches Mitglied der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Auszeichnungen
Peiffer wurde u. a. 1963 – als erster Preisträger gemeinsam mit dem deutschen Neuropädiater und Epileptologen Hermann Doose – mit dem Michael-Preis der Stiftung Michael sowie 1999 mit der Ehrenmitgliedschaft der Deutschen Sektion der ILAE (seit 2004: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Epileptologie) ausgezeichnet.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Wissenschaftliches Erkenntnisstreben als Tötungsmotiv? Zur Kennzeichnung von Opfern auf deren Krankenakten und zur Organisation und Unterscheidung von Kinder-"Euthanasie" und T4-Aktion, Heft 23 in der Reihe "Ergebnisse" des Forschungsprogramms "Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus", Berlin 2005 Online, PDF, 4MB
 Hirnforschung in Deutschland 1849 bis 1974: Briefe zur Entwicklung von Psychiatrie und Neurowissenschaften sowie zum Einfluss des politischen Umfeldes auf Wissenschaftler, Springer, Berlin etc. 2004 (Reihe: Schriften der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften ; Nr. 13), ISBN 3-540-40690-5.
 (Hrsg.): Neuropathologie: morphologische Diagnostik der Krankheiten des Nervensystems und der Skelettmuskulatur, 3. völlig neu bearb. Auflage, Berlin etc. Springer 2002, ISBN 3-540-41333-2.
 Hirnforschung im Zwielicht. Beispiele verführbarer Wissenschaft aus der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus: Julius Hallervorden – H.-J. Scherer – Berthold Ostertag, Husum: Matthiesen 1997, ISBN 3-7868-4079-2.
 Vergangenheit, gebrochner Spiegel: Erinnerungen, Tübingen: Klöpfer und Meyer 2000, ISBN 3-931402-61-4.
 (als Hrsg. und Mitautor): Erlebte Geschichte. Zeitzeugen berichten in einer Tübinger Ringvorlesung. Verl. Schwäbisches Tagblatt, Tübingen 1994, ISBN 3-928011-14-6.
 Neuronale Schäden durch Epilepsien. Thieme, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-13-797001-6.
 (Hrsg.): Menschenverachtung und Opportunismus: zur Medizin im Dritten Reich, Tübingen: Attempto-Verlag 1992, ISBN 3-89308-135-6.
 Die Vertreibung deutscher Neuropathologen 1933–1939. In: Der Nervenarzt. 69. 2 (1998), S. 99–109, .
 Hirnalterung. Schicksal und Krankheit der Menschen. Huber, Bern 1981, ISBN 3-456-81040-7.
 Fakten und Fiktionen. Wandlungen im Sinnhorizont und Selbstverständigung, in den Aufgaben und der sozialen Gebundenheit des Hochschullehrers. In: Johannes Neumann (Hrsg.): Wissenschaft an der Universität heute. Attempto-Verlag, Tübingen 1977, S. 227–289, ISBN 3-921552-01-X.
 (zus. mit Ulrich Wirth): Struktur und Umfang der Arbeitsbelastung des Lehrkörpers an der Universität Tübingen. HIS, Hannover 1971.
 Morphologische Aspekte der Epilepsien. Pathogenetische, pathologisch-anatomische und klinische Probleme der Epilepsien (= Monographien aus de Gesamtgebiete der Neurologie und Psychiatrie, Bd. 100). Springer, Heidelberg 1963.

Literatur
 Walter Fröscher, Klaus Harzer: Zum Tode von Professor Dr. med. Jürgen Peiffer, in: Zeitschrift für Epileptologie 20: 54–55 (2007),
 Richard Meyermann: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Peiffer †. In: Tübinger Universitätsnachrichten. Nr. 132: 23. Februar 2007, S. 10f.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Neurologe
Epileptologe
Mediziner (20. Jahrhundert)
Rektor (Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen)
Hochschullehrer (Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen)
Hochschullehrer (Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen)
Mitglied der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften
Deutscher
Geboren 1922
Gestorben 2006
Mann

Jürgen Peiffer


Willem de Poorter, født 1608, død 1668, var en hollandsk maler.

Man ved ikke så meget om denne kunstner. Han blev formentlig født i Haarlem, hvor han vides at have virket 1635—45. Rembrandt var hans lærer. Hans billeder, der er sjældne, viser stærk Rembrandtsk påvirkning og efterligning. I Berlins Museum ses Samsons Tilfangetagelse, i Dresden Esther og Ahasverus og Horkvinden, i Münchens Pinakotek: Lazarus' opvækkelse, i Kunstmuseet i København: Mercur og Proserpina og Allegori på freden (1643), i Moltkes Samling sammesteds Salomons offer (1643).

Kilder

Malere fra Nederlandene

Willem de Poorter


Waheeda Rehman (born 3 February 1938) is an Indian actress and dancer. Regarded as one of Hindi cinema's most influential actresses, Rehman's accolades include a National Film Award and three Filmfare Awards; she has received significant media coverage across her film career.  The Government of India honoured Rehman with the Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan in 1972 and 2011 respectively.

References

External links

 Waheeda Rehman Interview
A Film Retrospective in Seattle. October 2004
 Popular Waheeda Rehman songs
 Queen of Hearts an interview with Rehman published in The Hindu

Indian film actresses
Actresses from Tamil Nadu
ජීවමාන ජනයා
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Best Actress National Film Award winners
People from Kanchipuram district
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
1938 උපත්
Actresses from Vijayawada
Actresses in Bengali cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
20th-century Indian actresses
21 වන සියවස තුළ ඉන්දියානු නිළියෝ
Filmfare Awards winners
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Tamil cinema

වහීදා රෙහ්මාන්


سعيد المقبري الإمام المحدث الثقة أبو سعد سعيد بن أبي سعيد كيسان الليثي مولاهم المدني المقبري كان يسكن بمقبرة البقيع.

روى عن
حدث عن أبيه وعن عائشة وأبي هريرة وسعد بن أبي وقاص وأم سلمة وابن عمر وأبي شريح الخزاعي وأبي سعيد الخدري وجبير بن مطعم، وشريك بن عبد الله بن أبي نمر، وعامر بن عبد الله بن الزبير، وعبد الله بن رافع مولى أم سلمة، وعبد الله بن أبي قتادة، وعبد الرحمن بن بجيد، وعبد الرحمن بن أبي سعيد الخدري، وعبد الرحمن بن مهران المدني، وعبيد بن جريح، وعروة بن الزبير، وعطاء بن ميناء، وعطاء مولى بن أبي أحمد، وعطاء مولى أم صبية، وعمر بن أبي بكر بن عبد الرحمن بن الحارث بن هشام، وعمر بن الحكم بن ثوبان، وعمرو بن سليم الزرقي، وعون بن عبد الله بن عتبة، وعياض بن عبد الله بن سعد بن أبي السرح، والقعقاع بن حكيم، وكعب بن عجرة، ويزيد بن هرمز، وأبي إسحاق القرشي، وأبي سلمة بن عبد الرحمن بن عوف، وكان من أوعية الحديث.

روي عنه
حدث عنه أولاده عبد الله وسعد وابن أبي ذئب وإسماعيل بن أمية وزيد بن أبي أنيسة وعبيد الله بن عمر ومالك بن أنس وإبراهيم بن طهمان والليث بن سعد  ويحيى بن سعيد الأنصاري وخلق سواهم وحديثه مخرج في الصحاح

قالوا عنه
 قال أبو حاتم صدوق وقال عبد الرحمن بن حراش ثقة جليل وأثبت الناس فيه الليث
 وقال ابن سعد ثقة لكنه اختلط قبل موته بأربع سنين قلت ما أحسبه روى شيئا في مدة اختلاطه وكذلك لا يوجد له شيء منكر

وفاته
توفي سنة خمس وعشرين ومائة وقيل توفي سنة ثلاث وعشرين وقيل سنة ست وعشرين وكان من أبناء التسعين وقع لنا من عواليه أخبرنا أحمد بن إسحاق أنبأنا أكمل بن أبي الأزهر أنبأنا أبو القاسم بن البناء أنبأنا محمد بن محمد أنبأنا أبو بكر بن زنبور حدثنا عبد الله بن سليمان حدثنا عيسى بن حماد أنبأنا الليث عن سعيد المقبري عن أبيه عن أبي هريرة عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال إن في الجنة شجرة يسير الراكب في ظلها مائة سنة.

المصدر
سير أعلام النبلاء الجزء الجزء الخامس ص: 216

مراجع

أشخاص من قبيلة كنانة
راوي ثقة
محدثو التابعين

سعيد المقبري


An Ehrharta oreophila in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Dennis Ivor Morris, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni L.P.M.Willemse. An Ehrharta oreophila in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ehrharta, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Tasmania. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ehrharta

Ehrharta oreophila


Năică și veverița este un film de scurt metraj românesc din 1967 regizat de Elisabeta Bostan. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de copiii Bogdan Untaru și Alexandra Foamete.

Rezumat

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

 Bogdan Untaru — Năică, un băiețel de la țară care încearcă să prindă o vulpe și se împrietenește cu o veveriță
 Alexandra Foamete — Maricica, fetița vecină a lui Năică

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1967 în film

Filme din 1967
Filme regizate de Elisabeta Bostan
Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme românești de scurt metraj

Năică și veverița