Bowman-Biltmore Hotels was a hotel chain created by the hotel magnate John McEntee Bowman.

The name evokes the Vanderbilt family's Biltmore Estate, whose buildings and the gardens within are privately owned historical landmarks and tourist attractions in Asheville, North Carolina, United States. The name has since been adopted by other unrelated hotels. For a time, the Bowman-Biltmore Hotels Corporation was a publicly traded company.

Historic locations

Planned hotels
A Detroit Biltmore was planned for the site of the Hotel Tuller on Detroit's Grand Circus Park. The Tuller was to have been demolished in 1929 and replaced by a towering 35-story, 1500 room hotel with an attached 14-story garage and 18-story office building. The plans were abandoned when the stock market crashed that year.

Unassociated hotels

Florida
The Palm Beach Biltmore was not connected to the Bowman Biltmore group. It was built in 1926 as the Alba, renamed The Ambassador in 1929, and sold to Henry L. Doherty in 1933. Doherty, who had bought the Miami Biltmore two years earlier, renamed the hotel the Palm Beach Biltmore. It was later owned by Hilton Hotels, closed in the 1970s, and was converted to condos from 1979 to 1981.

Hawaii

The Waikiki Biltmore was a resort hotel on Waikiki, Honolulu, Hawaii, that operated from 1955 to 1974. The Biltmore was the first high-rise hotel on Waikiki but operated for only 19 years and was demolished and replaced with the Hyatt Regency.

Permits were filed for an eight-story hotel in March 1953, with groundbreaking taking place in November of that year. Joseph Greenbach constructed the building, which opened on February 19, 1955. Construction cost $4 million. The hotel was built on the site of Canlis Charcoal Broiler, the first restaurant opened by Peter Canlis, which opened in 1947. The opening was met with great fanfare, including a flight from California chartered by Greenbach.

Nevada
The Tahoe Biltmore Lodge & Casino, a hotel-casino in Crystal Bay, Nevada, very near the California border among the communities known as North Shore Tahoe. Opened In 1947. It will become a Waldorf Astoria hotel scheduled to open in 2027.

Oklahoma
The Oklahoma Biltmore in Oklahoma City was an unassociated hotel that once stood downtown, at 228 West Grand Avenue. It was built in 1932 during the Great Depression by the city's prominent civic leaders at the time, headed by Charles F. Colcord. Designed by architects Hawk & Parr, the Biltmore had 619 rooms and was 24 stories high, making it the state's second tallest building only to the Ramsey Tower built in 1931, when it was completed. In 1936 alone, the Biltmore was headquarters for 104 conventions and saw 114,171 guests. After a $3 million renovation in the mid-1960s the Biltmore was renamed the Sheraton-Oklahoma Hotel. By 1973, the hotel had left Sheraton, and the Oklahoma City Urban Renewal Authority agreed with the owners that the Biltmore had outlived its useful life. In contrast, architect I. M. Pei had envisioned keeping the hotel, and his sketches and models all showed the tower overlooking the surrounding "Tivoli Gardens". The hotel was one of the largest demolitions in the country at the time it was blown up on October 16, 1977 by a team of demolition specialists to make way for the "Myriad Gardens". Hundreds of low-yield explosives were planted throughout the building so that it would collapse and fall inward into an acceptable area only slightly larger than the hotel's foundation.

References

External links
Movies filmed at the Millennium Biltmore Hotel from MoviePlaces.tv

Bowman-Biltmore Hotels


Baron Robertson of Oakridge, of Oakridge in the County of Gloucester, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 29 June 1961 for the military commander Sir Brian Robertson, 2nd Baronet. He had previously served as Military Governor of the British Zone in occupied Germany from 1947 to 1949. The Robertson baronetcy, of Welbourn in the County of Lincoln, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 4 October 1919 for his father, Field Marshal Sir William Robertson, Chief of the Imperial General Staff from 1915 to 1918.  the titles are held by the first Baron's grandson, the third Baron, who succeeded his father in 2009.

Robertson baronets, of Beaconsfield (1919)

Sir William Robert Robertson, 1st Baronet (1860–1933)
Sir Brian Hubert Robertson, 2nd Baronet (1896–1974) (created Baron Robertson of Oakridge in 1961)

Barons Robertson of Oakridge (1961)
Brian Hubert Robertson, 1st Baron Robertson of Oakridge (1896–1974)
William Ronald Robertson, 2nd Baron Robertson of Oakridge (1930–2009)
William Brian Elworthy Robertson, 3rd Baron Robertson of Oakridge (b. 1975)

There is no heir to the titles.

Notes

References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

1919 establishments in the United Kingdom
1961 establishments in the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1961
Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

Baron Robertson of Oakridge


Axel Aubert, né le  à Christiania et mort à Oslo le , est un ingénieur chimiste norvégien qui a été directeur général de Norsk Hydro.

Biographie
Il est né à Christiania (aujourd'hui Oslo, Norvège). Il est le fils d'Otto Benjamin Andreas Aubert (1841-1898) et de Hilda Thaulow (1846-1923). Il a fait des études d'ingénieur, avec une spécialisation en chimie. Il a d'abord étudié au Collège technique d'Oslo, puis a étudié l'ingénierie à l'Université de Berlin et a obtenu un doctorat en chimie à l'Université de Bâle en 1895.

Axel Aubert devient directeur général d'Engene Dynamitfabrik et de Norsk Sprængstofindustri. En 1926, il est nommé directeur général de Norsk Hydro.

En 1940, alors que la Norvège était encore neutre pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Aubert est contacté par des agents du renseignement militaire français concernant la production d'eau lourde (oxyde de deutérium) de Norsk Hydro dans sa centrale hydroélectrique de Vemork. L'eau lourde était un matériau important pour le projet d'arme nucléaire de l'Allemagne et n'était produite en quantité qu'à Vemork.

Il accepta de « prêter » tout le stock d'eau lourde de Norsk Hydro à la France pendant toute la durée de la guerre. Conscient des risques pris, il déclara au gouvernement français que :

Les agents français transportèrent  d'eau lourde secrètement à Oslo, puis à Perth en Ecosse, et enfin en France. Cet épisode fait partie de la « bataille de l'eau lourde ».

Aubert a pris sa retraite en tant que président d'Hydro à la fin de 1941, mais a pris la présidence de l'entreprise et a occupé ce poste jusqu'à sa mort en 1943. Il a été membre du conseil d'administration de l'association norvégienne de l'industrie de 1926 à 1934.

Aubert a été nommé chevalier de première classe de l'ordre norvégien de Saint-Olav en 1928. Il est également titulaire de l'Ordre belge de Léopold, de la , de l'Ordre danois du Dannebrog et de l'Ordre polonais de la Polonia Restituta.

Références

Liens externes

Commandeur de l'ordre Polonia Restituta
Commandeur de l'ordre de Dannebrog
Officier de la Légion d'honneur (date non précisée)
Personnalité norvégienne du monde des affaires du XIXe siècle
Personnalité norvégienne du monde des affaires du XXe siècle
Chimiste norvégien du XIXe siècle
Chimiste norvégien du XXe siècle
Étudiant de l'université de Bâle
Naissance en décembre 1873
Décès en décembre 1943
Pages avec des traductions non relues
Ingénieur norvégien du XIXe siècle
Ingénieur norvégien du XXe siècle

Axel Aubert


දේශමාන්‍ය ආචාර්ය නිශ්ශංක පරාක්‍රම විජයරත්න (1924 ජුනි 14 – 2007 ජනවාරි 7) ශ්‍රී ලාංකික සිවිල් සේවකයකු, තානාපතිවරයෙකු හා දේශපාලඥයකු විය. හෙතෙම 1975 – 1985 කාලය තුළ ශ්‍රී දළඳා මාළිගයේ දියවඩන නිලමේ තනතුර ද දැරී ය.

පූර්ව අවධිය හා අධ්‍යාපනය
නිශ්ශංක විජයරත්න වර්ෂ 1924 ජූනි 14 දා සබරගමු පළාතේ ප්‍රභූ පවුලක දෙවන දරුවා වශයෙන් උපත ලැබී ය. ඔහු ගේ පියා වූයේ  ඩී.ඈස්. සේනානායක රජයේ ස්වදේශ හා ග්‍රාම සංවර්ධන කැබිනට් අමාත්‍ය ධුරන්ධර  කෑගල්ලේ බුද්දෙනිපොල වලව්වේ  ශ්‍රීමත් එඩ්වින් විජයරත්න ය. මව ලීලා විජයරත්න වූවා ය.

 කොළඹ රාජකීය විද්‍යාලයේ  තම මූලික හා ද්විතියික අධ්‍යාපනය ලැබූ නිශ්ශංක විජයරත්න ඉන්පසු එකල ලංකා විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වුණු කොළඹ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය ට ඇතුළත් විය. එහිදී  ශ්‍රී ලාංකික සමාජ විද්‍යාව සහ ආගමික දර්ශනය සම්බන්ධයෙන් ශාස්ත්‍රීය උනන්දුවක් දැක් වූ ඔහු ඉතිහාසය විෂයයෙන් බී.ඒ. ගෞරව උපාධිය දිනා ගැනීම ට සමත් විය.

වෘත්තීය දිවිය
විශ්ව විද්‍යාල අධ්‍යාපනය හමාර කළ විජයරත්න ලංකා සිවිල් සේවය ට බැඳුණේ ය. එහි සේවය කළ කාල පරිච්ඡේදය තුළ ඔහු විවිධ නිලතල ඉසිළීය. ඒවා අතර ගාල්ලේ උප දිසාපති, අනුරාධපුර, මන්නාරම හා යාපනය දිසාපති මෙන් ම සංස්කෘතික කටයුතු, ප්‍රවාහන, ප්‍රවෘත්ති හා ගුවන්විදුලි  අමාත්‍යාංශවල ස්ථිර ලේකම් යන තනතුරු වෙයි. අනුරාධපුර සංරක්ෂණ මණ්ඩලයේ සභාපති ධුරය ද දැරූ ඔහු වර්ෂ 1987 සිට 1989 තෙක් යුනෙස්කෝ (UNESCO) විධායක මණ්ඩලයේ සාමාජිකයෙක් ද විය. අනුරාධපුර ශුද්ධ නගරය ඇතිකිරීමේ වැඩ කඩිනමින් කළේ විජයරත්න අනුරාධපුර දිසාපති ලෙස කටයුතු කළ කාලයෙහිය.

අනුරාධපුර පූජා නගරය හා අනුරාධපුර නව නගරය
නිශ්ශංක විජයරත්න 1958 සිට 1962 දක්වා සේවය කළේ අනුරාධපුරය දිසාපතිවරයා ලෙසය. ඒ අනුරාධපුර නව නගරය ඉදි වෙමින් තිබූ කලබලකාරී අවධියයි. අනුරාධපුර සංරක්ෂණ මණ්ඩලයේ සභාපතිවරයා වූ විජයරත්න මහතා පූජා නගරය ප්‍රතිසංවිධානය කිරීමට කටයුතු කළේය. පූජා නගරය තුළ ඉදි කර තිබූ අන්‍යාගමික ගොඩනැගිලි සාකච්ඡා මාර්ගයෙන් ඉන් ඉවතට ගෙන ගොස් ඉදි කිරීමට පියවර ගත්තේය. නටබුන් සහිත පූජා භූමියේ පදිංචිකරුවන් නව නගරයේ පදිංචි කරවා පූජා භූමිය තුළ නිදහසේ වන්දනා කිරීමට අවශ්‍ය පරිසරය සකස් කළේය. එනිසා අදටත් අනුරාධපුරය අටමස්ථානය වන්දනා කරනන්ට යන බැතිමතුන්ට අවහිරයකින් තොරව වතාවත් කිරීමට අවකාශ ලැබී ඇත්තේ ඒ හේතුවෙනි.

එපමණක් නොව 25000ක් පමණ දෙනාට සැලසුම කර තිබූ නව නගර සැලැස්ම ලක්ෂයක් ජනතාව වෙනුවෙන් පුළුල් කිරීමට ද ඔහු කටයුතු කළේය. අනුරාධපුරයට ඇතුළුවීම සඳහා පාලම් දෙකක් ඉදි කළේය. ඇතැම් විරෝධතා නොතකා අනුරාධපුර ගුවන් තොටුපළ ඉදි කිරීමේ වගකීම ද ඉටු කළේය.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ්‍ය ලාංඡනය හා ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය
ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජයේ රාජ්‍ය ලාංඡනය හදුන්වා දුන්නේ 1972 දිය. එවකට සංස්කෘතික කටයුතු අමාත්‍යාංශයේ ස්ථිර ලේකම් හා රාජ්‍ය ලාංඡනය  හා ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය නිර්මාණ කමිටුවේ සභාපති වශයෙන් කටයුතු කල විජයරත්න ගේ මග පෙන්විම හා උපදේස් මත නිර්මාණය අතිපූජ්‍ය මාපලගම විපුලසාර හිමියන් ගේය. ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික කොඩිය අවසන් වරට වෙනස් කිරිමකට ලක් කලේ 1972 දිය. මුලු හතරේ බංකු කකුල් වෙනුවට බෝපත් හදූන්වා දූන්නේ  විජයරත්න විසින් වන අතර  මෙත්තා, කරුණා, උපේක්ෂා  හා  මුදිතා ඵයින් නිරූපනය කරයි.

දේශපාලන දිවිය
නිශ්ශංක විජයරත්න දිගු කලක සිට ම එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂය ට හිතැත්තෙක් විය. 1973 දී ඔහු රජයේ පරිපාලන සේවයෙන් විශ්‍රාම ලැබූ පසු එම පක්ෂයේ දැදිගම ආසනයේ ප්‍රධාන සංවිධායක තනතුර ලැබී ය. වර්ෂ 1977 පැවති මහමැතිවරණයේදී එම අසුන දිනා ප්‍රථම වරට පාර්ලිමේන්තුවට පිවිසුණු හෙතෙම ජේ. ආර්. ජයවර්ධන රජයේ අධ්‍යාපන,උසස් අධ්‍යාපන හා අධිකරණ කැබිනට් අමාත්‍ය ධුරය ට ත් පත් විය.

අධ්‍යාපන හා උසස් අධ්‍යාපන  කැබිනට් අමාත්‍යවරයා වශයෙන් ඔහු 1978 අංක 16 දරණ විශ්ව විද්‍යාල පනත පාර්ලිමේන්තුව ට ඉදිරිපත් කළේය. ඒ අනුව, එතෙක් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පැවති එකම විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය වන ලංකා විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය එකිනෙකෙන් ස්වායත්ත වූ විශ්ව විද්‍යාල හයක ට විසංයුක්ත කරන ලදි. එතෙක් ලංකා විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ මණ්ඩප වශයෙන් පැවති කොළඹ, පේරාදෙණිය, විද්‍යාලංකාර (කැලණිය), විද්‍යෝදය (ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර), කටුබැද්ද (මොරටුව) සහ යාපනය යන අධ්‍යාපන පීඨ විශ්ව විද්‍යාල බව ට පත් විය. තවද, රුහුණ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයය සහ ශ්‍රී ලංකා විවෘත විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය ඔහු  ගේ අදහසක් අනුව පිහිටුවන ලදි.

මහජන චීන සමූහාණ්ඩුවේ ආධාර ඇතිව ගොඩ නඟන ලද කොළඹ  අළුත්කඩේ නව ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණ ගොඩනැගිල්ල ඉදි කරන ලද්දේ නිශ්ශංක විජයරත්න අධිකරණ කැබිනට් අමාත්‍යවරයා ලෙස කටයුතු කළ කාලයෙහි ය. යුනෙස්කෝ (UNESCO) ආධාර ඇතිව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ජාතික උරුමයන් රැකීම සඳහා ඔහු ගේ මූලිකත්වයෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකා සංස්කෘතික ත්‍රිකෝණ අරමුදල පිහිටුවන ලදි. එමෙන්ම, සමාජයේ අඩු වරප්‍රසාදලාභීන් ට අධ්‍යාපන හා සෞඛ්‍ය කටයුතුවලට පිහිට වීම සඳහා ජනාධිපති අරමුදල පිහිටුවන ලද්දේ ද ඔහුගේ යෝජනාවකිනි.

දේශපාලන විශ්‍රාම ගත් පසු නිශ්ශංක විජයරත්න සෝවියට් දේශයේ ශ්‍රී ලංකා තානාපති වශයෙන් පත් විය.

දියවඩන නිළමේ තනතුර
නිශ්ශංක විජයරත්න 1975 සිට 1985 තෙක් දස වසරක් මහනුවර  ශ්‍රී දළඳා මාළිගයේ දියවඩන නිලමේ තනතුර දැරී ය. පහත රට ගොවි වංශිකයෙකු වශයෙන් උඩරට රදළ වංශිකයන් සමඟ මෙම තනතුර සඳහා අභියෝග කළ ප්‍රථමයා ඔහු විය.  ඔහු ගේ නිල කාලය තුළ මහනුවර ශ්‍රී දළඳා මාළිගයේ පරිපාලන කටයුතු විධිමත් කෙරුණු අතර මහනුවර ඇසළ පෙරහැර අරමුදල ද පිහිටුවන ලදි. ඔහුගෙන් පසු එම තනතුර ට පත් වූයේ ඔහුගේ පුත් නේරන්ජන් විජයරත්න යි.

ඉංග්‍රීසි කවීත්වය
දශක දෙකක පමණ කාලයක් තිස්සේ නිශ්ශංක විජයරත්න විසින් ඉංග්‍රීසියෙන් රචිත කවි එකතුවක් 2001 වසරේ දී අපේ අප්පච්චි යන නමින් පොතක් වශයෙන් එළි දක්වන ලදි (අපේ අප්පච්චි, විජිත යාපා ප්‍රකාශන - ISBN	9789558095065). ඔහුගේ සමහර කවි ඉඳුරාම දේශපාලනික මුහුණුවරක් ගන්නා අතර මහජන කටයුතුවල යෙදුණු පුමුඛ පෙළේ පුද්ගලයෙකු වශයෙන් ඔහු දුටු විවිධ චරිත, සිද්ධීන් හා මතභේද එම කවි මඟින් ඔහු ග්‍රහණය කර ගනි යි.

පුද්ගලික දිවිය

නිශ්ශංක විජයරත්න විවාහ වූයේ රඹුක්කන මිදුම වලව්වේ නිටා දූල්ලෑව මෙනවිය සමඟ ය. එම දෙපළ ට දූදරුවන් පස් දෙනෙකි. ජ්‍යේෂ්ඪ පුත් නෙරංජන් විජයරත්න 1985 සිට 2005 තෙක් මහනුවර ශ්‍රී දළඳා මාළිගයේ දියවඩන නිලමේ තනතුර දැරූ අතරමහනුවර මහනගර සභාවේ විපක්‍ෂ නායක ධුරය තනතුර දැරූ ඔහු දැනට එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂයේ මහනුවර දිස්ත්‍රික් සංවිධායකවරයකු ලෙස කටයුතු කරයි.

දෙවැනි පුතු මනෝ විජයරත්න කෑගල්ල දිස්ත්‍රික් පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී තනතුර දැරූ අතර 2007 සිට 2010 තෙක්  මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ රජයේ ව්‍යවසාය සංවර්ධන අමාත්‍ය වශයෙන් ඔහු කටයුතු කර ඇත. ජනාධිපති සම්බන්ධීකරණ ලේකම්වරයකු හා මාර්ග අනතුරු වළක්‌වා ගැනීමේ අධිකාරියේ සභාපතිවරයා ලෙස හා දැදිගම ආසනයේ ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂයේ ප්‍රධාන සංවිධායක ධුරය තනතුර ද ඔහු දැරී ය. ඩිංගිරි බණ්ඩා විජේතුංග රජයේ යටතේ මනෝ විජයරත්න 1993 සිට 1994  තෙක් වැවිලි සේවා අමාත්‍ය තනතුර දැරී ය.

තුන්වෙනි පුතු අනුරාධ දූල්ලෑව විජයරත්න එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂයේ ජාතික විධායක කමිටුවේ සාමාජිකයකි. ඔහු සබරගමු පළාත් සභාවේ මන්ත්‍රීවරයකු වශයෙන් 1988 දි පත් වු අතර මහනුවර ශ්‍රී දළඳා මාළිගයේ වැඩබලන දියවඩන නිලමේ තනතුර 1975 සිට 2005 තෙක් කිහිප වරක් හොබවා ඇත. ලංකේෂ් පුතු හා එකම දියණිය නිශාංගනි ද වේ.නිශ්ශංක විජයරත්න ගේ වැඩිමහළු සොහොයුරා වූ තිස්ස විජයරත්න වෘත්තියෙන් අධි නීතිඥවරයෙක් වූ අතර ප්‍රංශයේ සහ ස්විට්සර්ලන්තයේ ශ්‍රී ලංකා තානාපති ලෙස ද විදේශ කටයුතු හා ආරක්ෂක අමාත්‍යාංශයේ අතිරේක ලේකම් ලෙස ද කටයුතු කර ඇත.  බාල සොහොයුරු කුඩා විජයරත්න වෛද්‍යවරයෙකි.

මේවාද බලන්න
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දේශපාලන පවුල්
ශ්‍රී ලංකා විවෘත විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
රුහුණ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයය

ආශ්‍රිත

බාහිර සබැඳි
  විජයරත්න පරපුර
  රත්වත්තේ පරපුර
 ආචාර්ය නිශ්ශංක විජයරත්න ශෝක ප්‍රකාශය - ශ්‍රී ලංකා පාර්ලිෙම්න්තු විවාද 2011 ජුනි 10 වන සිකුරාදා

චරිත කතා
ලංකික දේශපාලනඥයෝ
දියවඩන නිලමේවරු
ශ්‍රී ලාංකික බෞද්ධයෝ
ලාංකික සිංහලයෝ
ශ්‍රී ලාංකික දේශපාලනඥයෝ
එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂයෙහි දේශපාලනඥයන්

නිශ්ශංක විජයරත්න


An Pycreus pelophilus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Henry Nicholas Ridley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Charles Baron Clarke. An Pycreus pelophilus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pycreus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pycreus

Pycreus pelophilus


İngilizce Nesne İstem Aracısı (Object Request Broker) teriminin kısaltımasıdır.

Dağıtılmış bilgisayar programlamasında, nesne istem aracısı (ORB) programcıların ağ üzerinden bilgisayarlar arası program çağrıları yapmasına olanak tanıyan orta katman programcığıdır.

ORB'ler programlarda bulunan nesnelerin veri yapılarını, ağ üzerinden taşınabilecek bit dizileri haline getirmekle yükümlüdür. Buna serileştirme (serialization) da denir.

ORB'lere en yaygın örnek CORBA'dır.

Ara yazılım

ORB


Rothenklempenow er en by og kommune i det nordøstlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Löcknitz-Penkun i den sydøstlige del af Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald. Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald ligger i delstaten Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Geografi
Kommunen er beliggende i den sydlige ende af Ueckermünder Heide ved kanten af Randowdalen. Området er præget af en levende natur med store vildtrige blandskove med sumpede lavninger, hvor man kan træffe ørne.

I kommunen ligger ud over Rothenklempenow, landsbyerne Dorotheenwalde, Mewegen, Glashütte og Grünhof.
Glashütte blev indlemmet i kommunen 31. december 1999  og Mewegen blev pr. 1. januar 2005 en del af Rothenklempenow.

Søer

I kommunen ligger søerne:
 Den 34 hektar store Haussee, er beliggende en kilometer fra centrum.
 Latzigsee er 43 hektar stor, og ligger tre kilometer nord for byens centrum.

 Schwarze See er 1,2 hektar stor, og er beliggende ved Mewegen.

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

 Byens side på amtets websted
 Befolkningsstatistik

Byer i Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Kommuner i Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Amt Löcknitz-Penkun
Byer i Kreis Vorpommern-Greifswald

Rothenklempenow


Haddis Alemayehu (Idioma amhárico, ሀዲስ ዓለማየሁ) (Debre Markos, 15 de octubre de 1910 - 6 de diciembre de 2003) escritor y político etíope.

Fue ministro de asuntos exteriores.

Obra
Y-Abesha-nna Ye-Wedehwala gabicha
Teret Teret Ye-Meseret, 1955
Fiqir Iske Meqabir, 1965
Wengelegna Dagna, 1981
Ye-Ilm Ižat, 1987
Tizzita (Mémoires), 1929

Bibliografía
Thomas L. Kane. Ethiopian Literature in Amharic. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1975. ISBN 3-447-01675-2
Hailu Fulass,  "Realism in Haddis Alemayehu", in: Taddesse Adera & Ali Jimale Ahmed, Silence is not golden : a critical anthology of Ethiopian literature. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press 1995. ISBN 0-932415-46-6. ISBN 0-932415-47-4.
Reidulf K. Molvaer. Black Lions: the creative lives of modern Ethiopia's literary giants and pioneers. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press 1997.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
All Africa
FiQir Iske MeQabir - An Ethiopian Masterpiece

Escritores de Etiopía
Escritores en amárico
Escritores del siglo XX
Etíopes del siglo XX

Haddis Alemayehu


Apartment-Zauber, auch in der Schreibweise Apartmentzauber, ist ein deutscher Musikfilm von Helmuth M. Backhaus aus dem Jahr 1963, dessen Hauptrollen mit Rex Gildo, Gunnar Möller, Helga Sommerfeld und Gitta Winter besetzt sind. In einer Nebenrolle ist Heinz Erhardt zu sehen.

Der Film warb seinerzeit für sich mit den Worten: "Ein turbulentes Lustspiel mit Happyend, das Sie im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes verzaubern wird."

Handlung
Nach dem Willen seiner Eltern soll Karl Fischer die junge Almut Behringer heiraten. Ihr Vater besitzt die gut gehende Transportfirma Behringer, an die Karls Vater Waldemar als Händler jährlich Unsummen zahlen muss. Mit einer Heirat, so rechnet sich Waldemar aus, könnte die Familie viel Geld sparen. Karl jedoch flüchtet vor Almut, sobald er sie sieht, und so beschließen Waldemar und Almut, Karl für ein Jahr in eine Filiale der Firma in Italien zu schicken. Hier soll er die Firma und damit auch Almut schätzen lernen. Unterkommen soll er in einem der neuen Apartmenthäuser der Firma, die pro Apartment drei Zimmer besitzen. Sie werden stets entweder an drei Frauen oder drei Männer vermietet. Almuts Vater ordert ein Zimmer für Karl. Da er undeutlich spricht, versteht Rochus Baldrian, der Hausmeister des Apartmenthauses, dass die Reservierung für eine gewisse Karla erfolgen solle. So zieht Karl bei seiner Ankunft in ein Frauenapartment ein, worüber seine neuen Mitbewohnerinnen Karin und Elfi wenig begeistert sind. Da Karl nun bei den Behörden als Karla gemeldet ist, kann Baldrian seinen Fehler auch nicht wiedergutmachen. Karl wiederum ist von der Lage der Dinge angetan, da er sich auf den ersten Blick in Elfi verliebt hat. Die junge Frau hat jedoch ein Problem, da sie wieder einmal zu spät zur Arbeit erschienen ist, wird sie am Tag von Karls Ankunft entlassen. Der einzige Job, der ihr als Ausländerin in Italien angeboten wird, ist der einer Bardame in Ninos Etablissement. Notgedrungen nimmt Elfi die Arbeit an, auch wenn es ihr zuwider ist, in aufreizenden Kleidern betrunkene Männer zu bedienen. Nino macht ihr zudem eindeutige Avancen.

Karl versucht unterdessen vergeblich, die Freundschaft der beiden Frauen zu gewinnen. Er veranstaltet abends ein opulentes Dinner, doch Karin und Elfi lassen ihn einfach stehen. Bei einem späteren Versuch, beide Frauen mit einem Abendessen zu überraschen, erscheint keine der beiden. Elfi muss arbeiten, während Karin im verrückten Erfinder Thomas Butterfield jr. einen Geliebten gefunden hat, der für sie seine Freundin und Gönnerin Mabel stehen lässt. Nur Baldrian leistet Karl Gesellschaft. Er ist es auch, der das ungleiche Trio wenig später warnt, dass die Sittenpolizei erfahren hat, dass Karin und Elfi sich mit einem Mann die Wohnung teilen. Kurzerhand wird Karl in Karla verkleidet und spielt seine Rolle so gut, dass die Sittenkommissarin den Trick nicht bemerkt. Während sich Karl und Elfi näherkommen, schöpfen daheim Almut und Waldemar Verdacht, dass etwas nicht stimmt. Sie reisen nach Italien und finden Karl und Elfi gemeinsam am Strand vor. Elfi ist enttäuscht, als sie erfährt, dass Karl mit Almut verlobt ist, und läuft davon. Karl jedoch eilt ihr nach und erklärt ihr, dass die Verlobung gegen seinen Willen geschehen sei. Wenig später folgen Karl und Baldrian Elfie heimlich in Ninos Bar. Hier rettet Karl Elfi vor Nino, der sie verführen will. Karl und Elfi versöhnen sich und es kommt zu einem Happy End.

Produktion, Veröffentlichung
Der Film Apartment-Zauber, der auf einer Idee von Ilona Haebe beruht, wurde in den Ateliers der Filmservis Ljubljana/Portoroz gedreht. Die Kostüme schuf Ingrid Neugebauer, die Bauten stammen von Niko Matul.

Im Film sind mehrere Lieder zu hören, gesungen von Rex Gildo:

 Lucky Boy (Musik: Christian Bruhn)
 Wo bist Du, von der ich träume (Musik: Christian Bruhn)
 Heidi (Musik: Christian Bruhn; Text: Peter Moesser)
 Glück gehört dazu (Musik: Christian Bruhn; Text: Georg Buschor)
 Liebe kälter als Eis (Coverversion von (You're the) Devil in Disguise; Original von: Bill Giant, Bernie Baum und Florence Kaye; deutscher Text: Peter Buchenkamp)

Apartment-Zauber kam am 20. Dezember 1963 in die deutschen Kinos.

Der Film wurde am 27. Oktober 2005 von der EMS GmbH innerhalb der Reihe "Filmpalast – Kinohits von gestern. Unvergessene Stars und ihre Filme" auf DVD veröffentlicht.

Kritik
Der film-dienst nannte Apartmentzauber ein "Routine-Lustspiel, eher peinlich als witzig."

Weblinks

 Apartment-Zauber Abb. Titelblatt Illustrierte Film-Bühne Nr. 6685(im Bild: Gunnar Möller, Helga Sommerfeld, Rex Gildo, Gitta Winter)
 Apartment-Zauber zahlreiche Filmprogramme, Aushangfotos etc. zum Film auf der Seite heinzerhardtfreun.de
 Apartmentzauber 1963 vollständiger Film bei dailymotion.com

Einzelnachweise

Anmerkungen

Filmtitel 1963
Deutscher Film
Filmkomödie
Musikfilm
Travestie im Film

Apartment-Zauber


Ajitwal es una ciudad de la India en el distrito de Moga, estado de Punyab.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 208  a 249 km de la capital estatal, Chandigarh, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 5 922 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Punyab (India)

Ajitwal


Koya Kazama (født 16. april 1993) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub FC Gifu.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Koya Kazama


නල්ලූරුව ග්‍රාමයට අයත් ඉපැරණිම නිවාසය ඉංග්‍රීසි යුගයේ මුල් යුගයට අයත් වේ. වර්ථමානය වන විටත් ශේෂ මෙම වලව්ව පත්තිනි හැන්නැදිගේ රොද්‍රිගෝ පරපුරට අයත් වේ.

නල්ලූරුව වලව්ව


Montferrat (în italiană Monferrato, în piemonteză Monfrà) este o regiune geografică și istorică care face parte din actuala regiune Piemont, din nord-vestul Italiei. În limitele hotarelor sale, care s-au schimbat pe parcursul timpului, a fost localizată preponderent în limitele fostei mărci cu același nume, iar ulterior ducatului. Granițele aproximative includ în prezent provinciile Alessandria și Asti.

Montferrat este una dintre cele mai importante regiuni viticole din Italia. Regiunea este, de asemenea, renumită pentru tradițiile sale literare, printre băștinași numărându-se: poetul și dramaturgul Vittorio Alfieri din regiunea Asti, cunoscut în secolul al XVIII-lea, și Umberto Eco din secolul al XX-lea, originar din Alessandria.

Teritoriul regiunii este împărțit în două de râul Tanaro. Partea de nord (cunoscută ca Basso Monferrato), care se află între acest râu și râul Pad, este o zonă preponderent de dealuri și câmpii. Partea de sud (Alto Monferrato) este situată pe partea mai înaltă a râului Tanaro. Apeninii despart regiunea prin cumpăna apelor între Piemont și Liguria.

Legături externe
  Pagina turistică a Alto Monferrato
  Pagina turistică a Basso Monferrato
  Vinurile de Montferrat

Regiuni istorice din Italia
Regiuni vinicole

Montferrat


Die DDR-Handballmeisterschaft der Frauen wurde mit der Saison 1974/75 zum 25. Mal ausgetragen. Meister wurde der SC Leipzig, die damit ihren zehnten Titel errangen. Neben der BSG Lokomotive Rangsdorf, musste auch wieder der Neuling Empor Brandenburger Tor das Oberhaus verlassen. Torschützenkönigin wurde Bärbel Starke von der HSG DHfK Leipzig mit 138 Toren. Nach einer Hauptrunde mit Hin- und Rückspiel wurde das Teilnehmerfeld halbiert und eine Meister- und Abstiegsrunde ausgetragen. Alle Spiele gingen in die Abschlusstabelle ein.

Literatur

Weblinks

1974
Handballsaison 1974/75

Handball-DDR-Oberliga (Frauen) 1974/75


STS-79 was the 17th flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis, and the 79th mission of the Space Shuttle program. The flight saw Atlantis dock with the Russian space station Mir to deliver equipment, supplies and relief personnel. A variety of scientific experiments were also conducted aboard Atlantis by her crew. It was the first shuttle mission to rendezvous with a fully assembled Mir, and the fourth rendezvous of a shuttle to the space station.

Crew

Mission highlights
STS-79 was the first shuttle mission to a fully completed Mir space station, following the arrival of its Priroda module. Atlantis carried the  Orbiter Docking System. This spaceflight was highlighted by the collection of American astronaut Shannon Lucid after 188 days in space, the first American crewmember exchange aboard the Russian Space Station Mir, and the fourth Shuttle-Mir docking. Lucid's long-duration spaceflight set a new American record, as well as worldwide spaceflight record for a woman astronaut.  She embarked to Mir March 22 on the STS-76 mission. Succeeding her on Mir for an approximately four-month stay was John Blaha, who returned in January 1997 with the STS-81 crew. American astronaut Jerry Linenger replaced him.

STS-79 also marked the second flight of the SPACEHAB module in support of a Shuttle-Mir docking and the first flight of the SPACEHAB Double Module configuration. The forward portion of the double module housed experiments conducted by the crew before, during and after Atlantis was docked to the Russian space station. The aft portion of the double module housed the logistics equipment to be transferred to Mir, which included food, clothing, experiments, supplies, and spare equipment. The mass of the module was .

The Shuttle-Mir link-up occurred at 15:13 UTC on September 18, following R-bar approach. Hatches opened at 05:40 on September 19, and Blaha and Lucid exchanged places at 11:00. Awaiting Blaha on Mir were Valery Korzun, Mir 22 commander, and Alexander Kaleri, flight engineer.

During five days of mated operations, the two crews transferred more than  of supplies to Mir, including logistics, food, and water generated by Atlantis's fuel cells. Three experiments were also transferred: the Biotechnology System (BTS) for study of cartilage development; the Material in Devices as Superconductors (MIDAS) experiment to measure electrical properties of high-temperature superconductor materials; and the Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA), containing several smaller experiments, including self-contained aquatic systems.

About  of experiment samples and equipment were transferred from Mir to Atlantis and the total logistical transfer to and from station of more than  was the most extensive to date.  During her approximately six-month stay on Mir, Lucid conducted research in the following fields: advanced technology, Earth sciences, fundamental biology, human life sciences, microgravity research and space sciences. Specific experiments included: Environmental Radiation Measurements to ascertain ionizing radiation levels aboard Mir; Greenhouse-Integrated Plant Experiments, to study effect of microgravity on plants, specifically dwarf wheat; and Assessment of Humoral Immune Function During Long-Duration Space Flight, to gather data on effect of long-term spaceflight on the human immune system and involving collection of blood serum and saliva samples. Some of this research was conducted in the newest and final Mir module, Priroda, which arrived at station during Lucid's stay.

Three experiments remained on Atlantis: Extreme Temperature Translation Furnace (ETTF), a new furnace design allowing space-based processing up to 871 degrees Celsius (1,600 degrees Fahrenheit) and above; Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG) complement of 128 individual samples involving 12 different proteins; and Mechanics of Granular Materials, designed to further understanding of behavior of cohesionless granular materials, which could in turn lead to better understanding of how Earth's surface responds during earthquakes and landslides.

As with all Shuttle-Mir flights, risk-mitigation experiments were conducted to help reduce development risk for the International Space Station. Flying for first time was the Active Rack Isolation System (ARIS), an experiment rack designed to cushion payloads from vibration and other disturbances.

Conducted near the end of STS-79 was a test using Atlantis's small vernier jets to lower her orbit. A similar maneuver was made at end of second Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission, STS-82, to re-boost Hubble to a higher orbit while still in orbiter payload bay.

Gallery

See also

List of human spaceflights
List of Space Shuttle missions
Outline of space science

References

External links
 NASA mission summary
 STS-79 Video Highlights

Spacecraft launched in 1996
STS-079

STS-79


Kasempa es una ciudad, capital del distrito homónimo, situada en la provincia del Noroeste (Zambia). Está situada unos 550 km por carretera de la capital del país, Lusaka, a la margen oeste del río Lufupa.

En diciembre de 2010 su población se estimaba en 11 700 habitantes.

Referencias

Localidades de Zambia
Distritos de Zambia

Kasempa


Bitka kod Ktezifonta vođena je 29. svibnja 363. između snaga Rimskog Carstva pod carem Julijanom i snaga Sasanidskog Carstvo Šapura II. izvan zidina perzijske prijestolnice Ktezifonta. Bitka je završila rimskom pobjedom. Međutim, rimske snage nisu mogle iskoristiti pobjedu i nastaviti pohod, jer su bili isuviše daleko od svojih linija opskrbe.

Pozadina
Rimski car Konstancije II. umro je 3. studenoga 361. godine u Mopsukreni, ostavivši na prijestolju svog rođaka Flavija Klaudija Julijana, poznatog u historiografiji kao Julijan Apostata, kao jedinog rimskog cara. Po dolasku u Konstantinopol radi nadgledanja Konstancijevog pokopa, Julijan se smjesta posvetio unutarnjoj politici. Počeo je reformirati carsku upravu reorganizirajući, modernizirajući i smanjujući birokraciju.

Kada je na red došla vanjska politika, Julijan je ocijenio da raniji nekontrolirani vojni upadi Šapura II. u istočne rimske provincije predstavljaju najveću vanjsku prijetnju. Naime, nakon mnogih propalih pokušaja, perzijski kralj je pokrenuo uspješni drugi pohod protiv Rimljana i zauzeo Amidu 359., zagospodarivši tako nad izvorima Tigrisa i istočnim ulazom u Malu Aziju. Rimska ofenziva je bila preko nužna da bi se Šapur zaustavio.

Julijanova reputacija i postignuti podvizi iz vremena kada je bio cezar i vojskovođa u Galiji pronijela stigli su i do Šapura. Šapu je pokušao pregovarati s mladim i neustrašivim Julijanom. Julijan je vjerovao da je dužan trajnije rješenje na Istoku. Zato je Šapuru na njegove pozive na mir odgovorio da će ga uskoro moći vidjeti. Počeo se spremati za pohod protiv Sasanidske dinastije, pokupivši sve svoje legije i krenuvši na istok iz Konstantinopolja. Brižljivo je planirao svoj perzijski pohod preko godinu dana. Preselio je svoju prijestolnicu i isturenu bazu za predstojeći rat u Antiohiju u Siriji u ljeto 362. U pohod je krenuo 5. svibnja sa 65000 - 83000, ili 80000 - 90000 vojnika, dok je Šapur, zajedno sa svojom glavnom perzijskom armijom, bio daleko od Ktezifonta. Prema svom razrađenom planu za napad, Julijan je poslao 18000 vojnika pod zapovjedništvom svog rođaka po majci Prokopija u Armeiju s ciljem da pridobije podršku od armenskog kralja za dovitljivi i neočekivani manevar dvostrukih klješta protiv Šapura.

Tijek bitke

Kada je Šapur vidio kako Julijan uspješno u njegove posjede, naredio je svojim upraviteljima neka poduzmu politiku spaljene zemlje dok on, Šapur, ne stigne do sasanidske prijestolnice, Ktezifonta, s glavninom perzijskih snaga. Međutim, nakon manjih okršaja i opsada Julijan je stigao sa svojom nepobjeđenom vojskom prije Šapura II. do zidina Ktezifonta 29. svibnja.

Ispred zidina perzijska vojska pod Merenom postrojila se za bitku na drugoj strani Tigrisa. Prema Amijanu Marcelinu, perzijska vojska je bila sastavljena od katafrakta (clibanarii), gustih redova pješaštva i ratnih slonova.

Julijanove snage su počele prelaziti na drugu obalu Tigrisa izložene ugrozi od Perzijanaca. Nakon uspješnog prelaska Tigrisa, uslijedila je bitka. Bila je to zapanjujuća taktička pobjeda Rimljana, koji su izgubili samo 70 ljudi naspram 2500 poginulih Perzijanaca. Sokrat Sholastik, kršćanski pisac nenaklonjen poganskom Julijanu, čak tvrdi da su pobjede, koje je Julijan izvojevao do ovog trenutka, bile toliko velike da je Šapur ponudio Julijanu veliki dio perzijskih posjeda ako sa svojim legijama napusti okolinu Ktezifona. Međutim, Julijan je odbio ovu ponudu, jer je htio steći slavu zauzimanjem perzijske prijestolnice i poražavanjem Šapura u bitci koja bi mu donijela počasni naziv Parthicus (pobjednik nad Perzijancima). Međutim, Julijanu je nedostajala oprema za opsadu čvrsto utvrđenoj Ktezifona, a glavnina sasanidskih snaga pod Šapurom koja je bila daleko veća od one koju je porazio se brzo približavala. Ključan je bio neuspjeh Prokopija da pristigne s odredom Rimske vojske od 18.000 ljudi koja bi mogla podržati Julijana u razbijanju Šapurovih približavajućih snaga. Naime, perzijski satrati, koji su prije toga zarobljeni, svjedočili su, nakon što se Julijan pošteno odnosio prema njima, da će zarobljavanje ili smrt Šapura primorati perzijski grad da otvori svoja vrata rimskom pobjedniku. Međutim, dok je Julijan htio nastaviti dublje u perzijski teritoriji, njegovi člasnici su ga nadglasali. Moral rimskih snaga bio je nizak, a zaraza se širila, a hrane za stoku i konje bilo je malo.

Poslije bitke

Protivno svojoj volji, Julijan se složio da se vojska povuže duž Tigrisa i potraži Prokopija i drugu polovinu svoje vojske koja nije uspjela koordinirati s Julijanovim snagama manevar dvostrukih kliješta. Povlačenje je počelo 16. lipnja 363. Deset dana kasnije, nakon neodlučive rimske pobjede u bitci kod Marange, rimska zaštitnica našla se pod teškim napadom u bitci kod Samare. Ni ne pripremivši se za borbu, Julijan je jurnuo u bitku, hrabreći svoje vojnike. Međutim, kada su se Perzijanci počeli povlačiti s teškim gubitcima, Julijan je pogođen bačenim kopljem u bok. Umro je prije ponoći 26. lipnja 363. Na koncu, pohod je propao, a Rimljani su bili primorani tražiti mir pod nepovoljnim uvjetima.

Izvori

Literatura
Bowersock, Glen Warren. Julian the Apostate. London, 1978.

Bitke starog Rima
Sasanidsko Perzijsko Carstvo

Bitka kod Ktezifonta (363.)


Helga Larsen (født 21. april 1884 i København, død 13. december 1947 i København) var en dansk fagforeningskvinde og socialdemokrat. Hun var én af de fire kvinder, der som de første indvalgtes i det danske Folketing ved valget i 1918.

Helga Larsen blev født på Fødselsstiftelsen i København. Moderen var den 22-årige bryggeriarbejderske Marie Sofie Petersen (1869 - 1920), der var aktiv i den tidlige københavnske arbejderbevægelse, hvor hun forsøgte at organisere sine arbejdskammerater. Faderen er ikke oplyst.

Som 9-årig begyndte Helga Larsen at arbejde i et maskinstrikkeri efter skole, og som 16-årig blev hun bryggeriarbejderske ligesom moderen. I 1903 blev hun valgt til kasserer i Kvindeligt Bryggeriarbejderforbund for København og Omegn, der netop var stiftet. 1907 giftede hun sig med sporvejsfunktionær Christen Larsen og ophørte for en tid med sine faglige aktiviteter. Fra 1908 var hun forkvinde for de kvindelige bryggeriarbejderes forbund og sad fra 1909 i hovedbestyrelsen for Dansk Bryggeri-, Brænderi- og Mineralvandsarbejderforbund. Hun besad disse poster indtil 1927, hvor den samlede bestyrelse måtte gå af på grund at et mistillidsvotum i forbindelse med en lånesag.

Fra 1913 til 44 var Helga Larsen socialdemokratisk medlem af Borgerrepræsentationen i København og 1944-46 var hun rådmand for Magistratens 2. afdeling. 1933-35 var hun tilsynsførende ved Københavns kommunale børneforsorg og fra 1934 forstander for kommunens husvildeforsorg.

Helga Larsens særlige fokusområde var arbejderfamiliers vilkår samt forholdene for enlige mødre og deres børn. Hun arbejdede for afskaffelse af kvindeligt natarbejde, og i overensstemmelse med tidens normer mente hun, at mandlige arbejdere skulle aflønnes sådan, at de kunne forsørge deres familie, mens hustruen koncentrerede sig om hjem og børn.

I september 2009 fik Helga Larsen opkaldt en plads i Vanløse efter sig.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon – Helga Larsen
 Kort omtale hos Arbejdermuseet - med foto

Personer fra København
Folketingsmedlemmer i 1910'erne
Folketingsmedlemmer i 1920'erne
Medlemmer af Københavns Borgerrepræsentation i 1900-tallet
Tidligere medlemmer af Københavns Borgerrepræsentation fra Socialdemokraterne
Tidligere folketingsmedlemmer fra Socialdemokraterne

Helga Larsen


Zoë Taylor (* 5. Juni 1995 in Newton) ist eine US-amerikanische Telemarkerin.

Werdegang

Nachdem Taylor bereits mit zwei Jahren erstmals auf Skiern gestanden hatte, kam sie im Alter von sechs Jahren zum Telemarken. Mit elf Jahren nahm sie erstmals an einer nationalen Meisterschaft teil und fuhr den sechsten Platz ein. Ein Jahr später erreichte sie bei den NASTAR-Meisterschaften den zweiten Platz, bevor sie im folgenden Winter mit ihrer Mutter in den Wintersport-Ort Steamboat Springs zog und seitdem für den Verein Steamboat Springs Winter Sports Club startet. Am 3. Februar 2011 gab sie mit nur 15 Jahren ihr Debüt im Telemark-Weltcup in Thyon. In ihrer ersten Weltcup-Saison fuhr sie Ergebnisse im Mittelfeld ein. Am Ende belegte sie im Gesamtweltcup den 21. Platz, im Classic den 18. Platz, im Classic Sprint den 22. Platz und im Riesenslalom den 23. Platz. Im selben Jahr startete sie bei den Juniorenweltmeisterschaften 2011 in Hafjell und erreichte dort mehrere Top-10-Platzierungen. So erreichte sie im Riesenslalom den fünften Platz, im Classic und im Classic Sprint jeweils den siebenten Platz. Bei den eine Woche später stattfindenden Weltmeisterschaften 2011 in Rjukan startete sie erneut und landete im Riesenslalom auf dem 19. Platz und im Classic auf dem 16. Platz. Im Classic Sprint-Rennen startete sie trotz Meldung nicht. In der Saison 2012 ging es mit den Ergebnissen bergauf. Obwohl sie nur bei drei Weltcups antrat, konnte sie bei ihrem Heimrennen in Steamboat Springs im Parallelsprint ihr erstes Weltcuprennen gewinnen. Im Gesamtweltcup erreichte sie den 11. Platz, im Classic den Platz acht, im Classic Sprint den 14. Platz und im Parallelsprint den neunten Platz. In der folgenden Saison konnte sie bei der Juniorenweltmeisterschaft 2012 in Espot an ihre guten Leistungen der Junioren-WM im Vorjahr anknüpfen und erreichte im Parallelsprint den vierten Platz und im Classic-Rennen den sechsten Platz. In der Saison 2013 ist sie nur in Rjukan und in Geilo an den Start gegangen und belegte Ergebnisse im Mittelfeld. Im Gesamtweltcup kam sie auf den 17. Platz, im Classic Sprint den 21. Platz und im Parallelsprint den 12 Platz. Bei ihren zweiten Weltmeisterschaften 2013 in Espot ging sie im Classic und im Parallelsprint nicht an den Start. Im Classic Sprint wurde sie 12.

Erfolge

Weltmeisterschaft
 Rjukan 2011: 19. Riesenslalom, 16. Classic
 Espot 2013: DNS Classic, DNS Parallelsprint, 12. Classic Sprint

Juniorenweltmeisterschaft
 Hafjell 2011: 5. Riesenslalom, 7. Classic, 7. Classic Sprint
 Espot 2012: 4. Parallelsprint, 6. Classic

Weltcup
 1 Podestplätze, davon 1 Siege:

Weltcupplatzierungen

Weblinks

 Zoë Taylors Biography auf ustsa.org

Telemarker (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1995
Frau

Zoë Taylor


Malovan je planina u općini Kupres u BiH. Najviši vrh planine je na 1826 m.

Izvori

Planine u Bosni i Hercegovini
Kupres

Malovan (planina)


The maqāma ( , literally "assembly"; plural maqāmāt,  ) is an (originally) Arabic prosimetric literary genre which alternates the Arabic rhymed prose known as Saj' with intervals of poetry in which rhetorical extravagance is conspicuous.

There are only eleven illustrated versions of the Maqāmāt from the 13 and the 14th centuries that survive to this day.  Four of these currently reside in the British Library in London, while three are in Paris at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (including al-Harīrī's Maqāmāt). One copy is at the following libraries: the Bodleian Library in Oxford, the Suleymaniye Library in Istanbul, the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna, and the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg.

Those Maqāmāt manuscripts were likely created and illustrated for the specialized book markets in cities such as Baghdad, Cairo, and Damascus, rather than for any particular patron. The audience for the manuscripts were of elite and educated classes, such as nobles or scholars, as the Maqāmāt was largely appreciated and valued for its nuanced poetry and language choice, rather than its manuscript illustrations.  The al-Harīrī Maqāmāt, also called the Schefer Maqāmāt, was illustrated by al-Wasiti and contains the highest amount of illustrations as well as being the most studied by scholars.

Terminology
The origins of the usage of the word as a genre-label are debated. But according to Amina Shah,

The meaning of the word Makamat is derived from "a place where one stands upright" and hence the place where one is at any time. Next it is used metonymically to denote "the persons assembled at any place" and finally, by another translation, "the discourses delivered or conversations held in any such assembly". This metaphorical use of the word Makamat has however been restricted to discourse and conversations like those narrated by Hariri and his predecessor Al Hamadani, which are composed in a highly finished style, and solely for the purpose of exhibiting specimens of various kinds of eloquence, and exemplifying rules of grammar, rhetoric and poetry.

Structure
According to J. Hämeen-Anttila, the typical maqāmāt can be schematized 'into "isnād" [the citations or "backings" used to verify the legitimacy of a hadith], "general introduction," "link," "episode proper," "recognition scene," "envoi," and "finale."' Ailin Qian has exemplified this schema with reference to that Maqamat Badi' az-Zaman al-Hamadhani: 'after the initial isnād,' the narrator ʿĪsā 'tells the audience that for a certain reason "I was in such-and-such a city" or "I traveled from here
to there"; this constitutes the "general introduction." That is followed by a transitional formula, like "one day, when I..." (fa baynamā anā yawman), "and so on till..." (wa
halumma jarran ilā an), leading to the "episode proper." Then through the eyes of ʿĪsā we are introduced to an anonymous trickster who shows remarkable erudition and eloquence, and always succeeds "in swindling money out of the gullible narrator."' The trickster al-Iskandarī's identity is then recognised; 'In answering ʿĪsā's questions, al-Iskandarī then chants an envoi poem, either as an indicator of his identity or also an apologia for his misbehaviors. In many of the Hamadhānian maqāmāt, an envoi marks the end of the story, but occasionally the envoi is followed by a "finale," where ʿĪsā and al-Iskandarī are described as departing.'

Origins
The maqama first appeared as a major literary form in the 10th century. The maqama grew out of a cluster of prose genres, collectively known as adab.

There is still much scholarly debate concerning the origins of the genre' of the maqāma.
While the tenth-century author Badī' al-Zaman al-Hamadhāni is generally credited as the originator of the genre with his Maqamat Badi' az-Zaman al-Hamadhani, some scholars credit Ahmad Ibn al-Farsi (d. 383/1004) as the originator of the maqamat genre, even before al-Hamadhani. His work was followed by a collection of ten maqamat by Ibn Nāqiyā. However, the genre took off a century after al-Hamadhāni's work, when al-Hariri of Basra extended the genre and ensured its popularity by elevating it to a literary art form. Even during al-Hariri's lifetime, the maqamat were worthy of memorisation, recitation and scholarly criticism.

Both authors' maqāmāt centre on trickster figures whose wanderings and exploits in speaking to assemblies of the powerful are conveyed by a narrator. The protagonist is a silver-tongued hustler, a rogue drifter who survives by dazzling onlookers with virtuoso displays of rhetorical acrobatics, including mastery of classical Arabic poetry (or of biblical Hebrew poetry and prose in the case of the Hebrew maqāmāt), and classical philosophy. Typically, there are 50 unrelated episodes in which the rogue character, often in disguise, tricks the narrator out of his money and leads him into various straitened, embarrassing, and even violent circumstances. Despite this serial abuse, the narrator-dupe character continues to seek out the trickster, fascinated by his rhetorical flow.

The earliest maqama, especially those by al-Hamadani, made use of anecdotes collected in the 9th century by earlier writers, such as al-Jahiz and al-Taniikhi, but used a narrator to introduce the anecdote. Al-Hamadani's innovation was to apply saj' (an ornate form of rhyming prose, interspersed with verse), to the retelling of fictional anecdotes. Until the time of al-Hamadani, saj' had been confined to religious and political works.

The popularity of the maqama genre quickly spread across the East: versions appeared in Persian, Hebrew and Syriac. Within a few years of al-Hariri's "Maqamat", the genre spread to al-Andalus (now Andalusia, Spain), courtesy of a small group of poets. In April, 1111, the Andalus poet and scholar, Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Ali al-Qudai attended a recitation by al-Hariri in his Baghdad garden, and was so impressed that he encouraged a small group of Andalus intellectuals to travel to Baghdad to hear the master recite his work.

Although, these poets introduced al-Andalus to the genre, interest in the maqama was confined to a relatively small group of literary men. The genre only came to the attention of Western audiences when al-Hariri's work  was translated into Latin in the 17th and 18th centuries, but it was not until 1982 that a complete English translation of al-Hariri's Maqamat first appeared.

During the 11th and 12th centuries, maqamat were recited before an assembled audience, and were often improvised and embellished. As such, the work had no need for illustrations. However, from the early 13th century, illustrated editions of the manuscript began to appear. Ten different illustrated editions were known for many years, but with the discovery of a new illustrated edition in 1960, the total now stands at eleven. One of the earliest and most widely known illustrated editions is that by al-Waisiti (completed in around 1236). now in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (in Paris).

Manuscripts of al-Harīrī's Maqāmāt, anecdotes of a roguish wanderer Abu Zayd from Saruj, were frequently illustrated with miniatures. A noted illustrator was Yahya ibn Mahmud al-Wasiti. al-Harīrī far exceeded the rhetorical stylistics of the genre's innovator, al-Hamadhani, to such a degree that his maqāmāt were used as a textbook for rhetoric and lexicography (the cataloging of rare words from the Bedouin speech from the 7th and 8th centuries) and indeed as schoolbooks for until Early Modern times.

Illustrations

No known illustrations of maqamat exist prior to the 13th century. However, illustrations were added to maqamat to add grandeur and interest to the manuscripts, even though the text was usually performed orally in large groups, rather than read in solitude.  Common images across various Maqāmāt texts include: grand banquet events involving music and drinking, large groups congregated (sometimes in mosques), and general scenes involving the trickery of Abu Zayd as well as the frustration of Al Harith.  Particularly in the Saint Petersburg Maqāmāt, these scenes were meant to be humorous to those reading the text, as they often were loosely associated with the poem the image was correlated with.  These comical images were also shown through the over-exaggerated gestures, such as rigid elbows and knees, of the human figures portrayed as shown in the Vienna Maqāmāt.

The human figures expressed in these illustrations tended to be quite large in relation to the architecture they were occupying as well as typically against a blank, white background.  Most of these images either took up an entire or half page, but were not incorporated within the text as a whole.  The use of the double-page spread began to become popular during this time and were used extensively in these manuscripts.  The color palettes were typical of this time and were the schemes often employed in Qurans.

While some of the images refer to the previous text in the manuscript, scholars cannot necessarily determine the relationship between the image and the text when they do not appear to relate to each other. Although the illustrations have a clear correlation with the text, the text does not need these images to serve its purpose.  Therefore, these images can instead serve as a distraction to the reader rather than an aid. The difference of text and images is also used to cater to the taste of different groups of people. For example, the text is read by the audience who are experts of Arabic language and literature, while the images can be helpful for those with less formal education.

Captions

Captions were used extensively in Maqāmāt manuscripts, however it is important to note that they were either added last, or perhaps even later in the manuscripts' existence, rather than during its completion.  While the captions that were added to these illustrations did correspond to the text, they were often simplistic or only identified the figures in the image. This characteristic was irregular as compared to other manuscripts at the time such as the Mamluk Kalila wa Dimna.  To use an example by Bernard O'Kane, there is a Maqāmāt illustration that shows a large crowd with underfed children and an elderly woman.  However, this woman is instead the trickster Abu Zayd who is using these children as a ploy for empathy from the congregation of people.  While you gain this knowledge from the text of the manuscript, the caption only reads "image of the old person and the youths," instead of implying the larger context of the scene.

However, these captions could also have been used to clarify what the illustrator failed to render in the images, rather than just an explanation of the scene produced.  Captions also created a sense of picture framing in instances of small spaces for the text, often resulting in bent captions that created an enclosure for the picture.

Shadow Play
The illustrated Maqāmāt manuscripts made during the 13th century connects the idea of shadow play. This is shown through the emphasis of the outline, the dramatic behavior and mobile gestures of figures, the strong contrast between figures and the background, and the tendency of the figures being present in an unregulated setting. However, the Maqāmāt illustrations do not just emphasize the shadow and are instead full of bright colors, only using shadow to detail the environment around the figures.  These similarities of the Maqāmāt illustration and shadow play may have some effect on the viewer of these illustrations. In other words, these images can help viewers understand the reason for a dramatic difference between the text and paintings by suggesting that these images were not made as an aid of the text, but rather as stand alone paintings.

Influences

The Maqāmāt illustrations have stylistic characteristics of other religions such as Christianity and Judaism. One of the main instances of Christian inspiration originates from the use of gold circles surrounding a figure's head to denote its holiness, typically used for saints in early medieval Christian manuscripts.  However, it was not meant to signify a sacred figure, but rather it is thought to create a distinction from the blank background because of its common use for ordinary figures throughout the illustrations.  Another Christian motif employed in these manuscripts is the particular treatment of the sky which also appeared in some Byzantine manuscripts.  The Vienna Maqāmāt and several earlier Maqāmāt manuscripts also included some imagery from medieval Jewish culture, such as the inclusion of their particular type of gravestone.  At this time, typical Islamic gravestones were minimalistic without many inscriptions, while several Jewish cemeteries included a type of small stepped stone grave marker. These Jewish gravestones were the ones illustrated in these manuscripts rather than the small Islamic headstones.

However, the illustrations in Maqāmāt manuscripts also included influences from the Islamic world, notably from the city of Baghdad.  Specifically in the Istanbul Maqāmāt, several buildings do recall the architectural style and form of the city, notably shown through the Mustansiriya complex that appears to be replicated throughout the illustrations. The use of vegetal designs and specific rendering of authority figures also alludes back to the style of the Islamic world which can be seen through the Arabic translations of the Greek teachings of Dioscorides.

Development in Hebrew

The maqāma genre was also cultivated in Hebrew in Spain, beginning with Yehūda al-Ḥarīzī's translation of al-Harīrī's maqāmāt into Hebrew (c. 1218), which he titled maḥberōt 'ītī'ēl ("the maqāmāt of Ithiel"). Two years later, he composed his own maḥbārōt, titled Sēfer Taḥkemōnī ("The Book of the Tachmonite"). With this work, al-Ḥarīzī sought to raise the literary prestige of Hebrew to exceed that of Classical Arabic, just as the bulk of Iberian Jewry was finding itself living in a Spanish-speaking, Latin- or Hebrew-literate environment and Arabic was becoming less commonly studied and read.

Later Hebrew maqāmāt made more significant departures, structurally and stylistically, from the classical Arabic maqāmāt of al-Hamadhānī and al-Harīrī. Joseph ibn Zabara (end of the 12th-beginning of 13th century), a resident of Barcelona and Catalan speaker, wrote the Sēfer sha'ashū'īm ("The Book of Delights"), in which the author, the narrator, and the protagonist are all Ibn Zabara himself, and in which the episodes are arranged in linear, not cyclical fashion, in a way that anticipates the structure of Spanish picaresque novels such as the anonymous Lazarillo de Tormes (1554) and Guzmán de Alfarache (1599) by Mateo Alemán.

Notable exponents
 Abu 'l-Ḥusayn Aḥmad b. Fāris (d. 1004) – 10th century poet and intellectual, who some scholars suggest developed the maqamat genre, even before Hamadani
 Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadani – 11th century Arabo-Persian writer generally credited as the originator of the maqamat genre
 Al-Hariri of Basra – 11th century Arab scholar, poet and writer who elevated the maqamat to a major literary art
 Ibn Sharaf al-Qairawani – 11th century Amerian poet
 Abu Muhammad b. Malik al-Qururrubi – 11th century Amerian poet
 Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Ali al-Qudai – Andalusi poet and writer, who after witnessing a reading by Al-Hariri in April, 1111, took the genre back to al-Andalus (now Andalusia, Spain)
 Abu al-Tahir Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Tamimi al-Saraqusti, known simply as Al-Saraqusti, (d. 1143) – a leading intellectual from Cordoba, al-Andalus, who imitated al-Hariri and whose work, "Maqamat Al-luzumiyah", has been described as a "masterpiece"
 Abu Abd Allah ibn Abi al-Khisal – Al-Andalus' scholar who wrote in the al-Hariri tradition
 Lisan al-Din ibn al-Khatib – Andalusi scholar who wrote in the al-Hariri tradition
 Al-Farthibsn Khaqan – Andalusian scholar who wrote in the al-Hariri tradition
 Qadhi Hamid al-Din Abu Bakr – 12th century Persian poet and writer
 Shayk Muslih al-Din Sadi – 13th century Persian poet and writer.
 Judah al-Harizi – Medieval rabbi and poet, active in Spain, who wrote a Hebrew version of the maqama and translated al-Hariri's Maqamat into Hebrew, entitled, Tahkemoni.
 Joseph ibn Zabara (1140-1200) – Spanish-Jewish poet and satirist who composed a Hebrew maqamat
 Judah ibn Shabbetai – late 12th century Jewish-Spanish poet who composed several Hebrew versions of maqamat

Bibliography

al-Hamadhani, Badi` al-Zaman. Maqamat. Ed. Muhammad `Abduh. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-kathulikiyya, s.a.
---. The Maqamat of Badi' al-zaman al-hamadhani: Translated from the Arabic with an Introduction and Notes. Trans. W. J. Prendergast. London: Curzon Press, 1915.
al-Hariri, Abu Muhammad al-Qasim ibn `Ali. Maqamat al-Hariri. Ed. `Isa Saba. Beirut: Dar Sadr; Dar Beirut, 1970.
---. Sharh Maqamat al-Hariri. Beirut: Dar al-Turath, 1968.
al-Saraqusti, Abu l-Tahir Muhammad ibn Yusuf. Al-Maqamat al-Luzumiya. Trans. James T. Monroe. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
---. Al-Maqamat al-luzumiyah li-l-Saraqusti. Ed. Ibrahim Badr Ahmad Dayf. Alexandria: al-Hay'at al-Misriyat al-'Ammah li-l-Kitab, 2001.
---. al-Maqamat al-Luzumiyya. Ed. Hasan al-Waragli. Tetuan: Manšurat `Ukaz, 1995.
---. al-Maqamat al-Luzumiyya li'l-Saraqusti. Ed. Ibrahim Badr Ahmad Dayf. Alexandria: al-Hay'a al-Misriyya al-`amma li'l-Kitab, 1982.
---. Las sesiones del Zaragocí: Relatos picarescos (maqamat). Trans. Ignacio Ferrando. Saragossa: U Zaragoza P, 1999.
Arie, R. "Notes sur la maqama andalouse". Hesperis-Tamuda 9.2 (1968): 204-05.
de la Granja, F. "La maqama de la fiesta de Ibn al-Murabi al-Azdi". Etudes d'Orientalisme Dedieés a la mémoire de Lévi-Provençal. Vol. 2. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 1962. 591-603.
Drory, Rina. "The maqama". The Literature of Al-Andalus. Eds. María Rosa Menocal, Michael Sells and Raymond P. Scheindlin. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2000. 190-210.
Habermann, Abraham Meir. "Maqama". EJ.
Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko. Maqama: A History of a Genre. Wiesbaden: Harrassovitz, 2002.
Hamilton, Michelle M. "Poetry and Desire: Sexual and Cultural Temptation in the Hebrew Maqama Tradition". Wine, Women and Song: Hebrew and Arabic Literature of Medieval Iberia. Eds. Michelle M. Hamilton, Sarah J. Portnoy and David A. Wacks. Estudios de Literature Medieval Number: 2: Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs, Newark, DE, 2004. 59-73.
Ibn Shabbetai, Judah ben Isaac. "Minhat Yehudah", "'Ezrat ha-nashim" ve-"'En mishpat". Ed. Matti Huss. Vol. 1. 2 vols. Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1991.
Ibn Zabara, Joseph ben Meir. Libre d'ensenyaments delectables: Sèfer Xaaixuïm. Trans. *Ignasi González-Llubera. Barcelona: Editorial Alpha, 1931.
Ignasi González-Llubera. Sepher Shaashuim. Ed. Israel Davidson. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 1914.
Katsumata, Naoya. "The Style of the Maqama: Arabic, Persian, Hebrew, Syriac". Arabic and Middle Eastern Literatures 5.2 (2002): 117-37.
Mirsky, Aharon. "al-Harizi, Judah ben Solomon". Encyclopaedia Judaica CD-ROM Edition Version 1.0. Ed. Geoffrey Wigoder. Jerusalem: Judaica Multimedia, 1997.
Wacks, David. "Framing Iberia: Maqamat and Frametale Narratives in Medieval Spain". Leiden: Brill, 2007.
[http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8225 ---. "The Performativity of Ibn al-Muqaffas] Kalila wa-Dimna and Al-Maqamat al-Luzumiyya of al-Saraqusti". Journal of Arabic Literature 34.1-2 (2003): 178-89.
---. "Reading Jaume Roig's Spill and the Libro de buen amor in the Iberian maqâma tradition". Bulletin of Spanish Studies 83.5 (2006): 597-616.
Young, Douglas C. Rogues and Genres: Generic Transformation in the Spanish Picaresque and Arabic Maqama. Newark, DE: Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs, 2004.
Young, Douglas C. "Wine and Genre: Khamriyya in the Andalusi Maqama". Wine, Women and Song: Hebrew and Arabic Poetry of Medieval Iberia''. Eds. Michelle M. Hamilton, Sarah J. Portnoy and David A. Wacks. Newark, DE: Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs, 2004.

See also
Arabic literature
Arabic miniature
Culture of Iraq
Islamic art
List of Iraqi artists
List of Persian-language poets and authors

Notes

Medieval Arabic literature
Arabic poetry forms
Arabic poetry
Poetic forms

Maqama


Uma vela de asa, vela de pele dupla  ou vela de pele dupla  é uma estrutura aerodinâmica de curvatura variável que é montada em uma embarcação marítima no lugar de velas convencionais. Wingsails são análogas às asas de avião, exceto que eles são projetados para fornecer sustentação em ambos os lados para acomodar estar em qualquer amura. Enquanto as asas ajustam a curvatura com abas, as asas ajustam a curvatura com uma estrutura flexível ou articulada (para velas duras). As velas de asa são normalmente montadas em uma longarina permanente - geralmente feita de fibra de carbono para leveza e resistência. A geometria das velas de asa fornece mais sustentação e uma melhor razão de planeio do que as velas tradicionais. As velas de asa são mais complexas e caras do que as velas convencionais.

Introdução

Velas de asa (Wingsails em inglês) são duas construções básicas que criam um aerofólio, "soft" e "hard", ambos montados em um mastro giratório não estaiado.  Enquanto as velas de asa duras são estruturas rígidas que são arrumadas apenas após a remoção do barco, as velas de asa macias   podem ser enroladas ou arrumadas a bordo.

L. Francis Herreshoff foi pioneiro em um equipamento precursor que tinha bujarrona e vela grande, cada um com uma vela de duas camadas com bordas de ataque presas a uma longarina rotativa. A classe C Class Catamaran vem experimentando e refinando velas de asa em um contexto de corrida desde os anos 60. O inglês John Walker explorou o uso de velas de asa em navios de carga e desenvolveu a primeira aplicação prática para veleiros na década de 1990. As velas Wingsails foram aplicadas a pequenas embarcações, como o Optimist dinghy e Laser, para iates de cruzeiro e, principalmente, para veleiros de corrida multicascos de alto desempenho, como o USA-17. As embarcações menores têm uma asa unitária que é escalonada manualmente. As plataformas de cruzeiro têm uma plataforma macia que pode ser abaixada, quando não estiver em uso. Plataformas de alto desempenho geralmente são montadas com componentes rígidos e devem ser escalonadas (instaladas) e não escalonadas por equipamentos em terra.

Ajuste de curvatura

As velas de asa mudam de curvatura (a assimetria entre as superfícies superior e inferior do aerofólio), dependendo da amura e da velocidade do vento.   Uma vela de asa torna-se mais eficiente com maior curvatura no lado do vento. Como o lado de barlavento muda a cada amura, a curvatura da vela também deve mudar. Isso acontece passivamente em uma vela convencional, pois ela se enche de vento em cada amura. Em uma vela de asa, uma mudança na curvatura requer um mecanismo. Wingsails também mudam de curvatura para ajustar a velocidade do vento. Em uma aeronave, os flaps aumentam o arqueamento ou curvatura da asa, elevando o coeficiente de sustentação máximo – a sustentação que uma asa pode gerar – em velocidades do ar mais baixas (velocidade do ar que passa sobre ela). Uma vela de asa tem a mesma necessidade de ajuste de curvatura, à medida que a velocidade do vento muda - uma curvatura mais reta à medida que a velocidade do vento aumenta, mais curva à medida que diminui.

Os mecanismos de ajuste de curvatura são semelhantes para velas de asa macias e duras. Cada um emprega segmentos de aerofólio à frente e à direita independentes que são ajustados independentemente para a curvatura. Equipamentos mais sofisticados permitem o ajuste variável da curvatura com a altura acima da água para lidar com o aumento da velocidade do vento.

Comparação com plataformas de vela convencionais
A presença de cordame, suportando o mastro de uma plataforma convencional de proa e popa limita a geometria da vela a formas menos eficientes do que a corda estreita da vela de asa. No entanto, as velas convencionais são simples de ajustar para a velocidade do vento por rizadura. Wingsails normalmente são uma área de superfície fixa. As velas convencionais podem ser enroladas facilmente; algumas asas flexíveis podem cair, quando não estiverem em uso; as asas rígidas devem ser removidas quando a exposição ao vento for indesejável.

Referências

Navios
Embarcações

Vela de asa


The R32 was a New York City Subway car model built by the Budd Company from 1964 to 1965 for the IND/BMT B Division. A total of 600 R32s were built, numbered 3350–3949, though some cars were re-numbered. The R32 contract was divided into two subcontracts of 300 cars each: R32 (cars 3350–3649) and R32A (cars 3650–3949); the former was paid by the city's capital budget and the latter was paid through a revenue bond. All were arranged as married pairs.

The R32s were the first mass-produced stainless steel cars built for the New York City Subway. A ceremonial introduction trip for the new R32 "Brightliners" cars was held on September 9, 1964. Various modifications were made over the years to the R32 fleet. In the late 1980s, all of the R32 cars were rebuilt, with ten cars being rebuilt by General Electric and the remaining cars being rebuilt by Morrison–Knudsen. As part of the refurbishment, the original rollsigns and express/local marker lights at the end of each car were replaced with flipdot signs. After refurbishment, the R32 and R32A cars were renamed R32 Phase I, R32 Phase II, and R32 GE.

The R160s replaced most of the R32s in the late 2000s, though about one-third of the original fleet remained, all being Phase I R32s. The rest were initially retired in early 2020 and replaced with the R179s. Due to the R179s being pulled from service, they returned to service in summer 2020 and ran until being retired again in early October 2020 after investigations of the R179 cars were completed and they returned to service. A series of farewell trips with the final train of R32s running in passenger service began on December 19, 2021 and concluded on January 9, 2022. After retirement, most of the R32s were scrapped, sunk as artificial reefs, or placed into storage, but some have been preserved, and others retained for various purposes.

Description
The R32s were numbered 3350–3949, although some cars were re-numbered outside of this range or to different numbers in this range. They were the first cars to introduce all-mylar route and destination rollsigns instead of the former cotton cloth or linen type rollsigns found on prior rail cars.

The R32 contract was divided into two subcontracts of 300 cars each: R32 (cars 3350–3649) and R32A (cars 3650–3949). The R32As were funded through the proceeds of a revenue bond, while the R32s were paid for out of the 1963–1964 New York City capital budget. The two subcontracts differed with the first 150 R32s (3350–3499) having visible bulkhead horns, making them the last cars to be built with this feature. This feature can also be found on the Redbirds, R27s, and R30s, along with various older trains. Another distinctive difference was the interior lighting featuring backlit ad-signs on R32A cars 3800–3949.

The R32s were the first mass-produced stainless steel cars built for the New York City Subway. Two previous Budd orders (the BMT Zephyr and the R11s) were limited production and/or experimental orders. The horizontally ribbed, shiny, and unpainted stainless exteriors earned the cars the nickname Brightliners. The use of stainless steel reduced the weight of each car by over 4,000 pounds, when compared to previous models.

History

In June 1963, the New York City Transit Authority contracted with Budd for 600 IND/BMT cars (300 pairs) to replace older equipment (cars that had exceeded the TA's 35-year limit of age), including the BMT D-type Triplex articulated cars and some of the BMT Standards. At the time, this was the largest railcar order ever placed in the United States for subway cars.

The cars were ordered for $68,820,000, of which half was provided by New York City and half through the sale of bonds by the New York City Transit Authority. Budd had bid on previous contracts with the NYCTA, but had never won a City contract for a production run of cars until the R32s, as Budd built only stainless-steel equipment, and the TA refused to allow a differential in competitive bids for this higher-quality construction.

Budd won the contract by offering the lowest bid of $114,700 per car. The next lowest bidder came in at $117,900 per car, which was for low-alloy steel cars. Budd introduced stainless steel equipment to the modern New York City Subway system, a plan that was met with limited success. NYCTA allowed a premium for subsequent stainless steel contracts, and all subsequent equipment was at least partly constructed of stainless steel. However, the Budd Company never benefited from the change, as they failed to win further contracts from the NYCTA, and the company has since halted the production of railroad cars.

The R32 cars originally came with blue passenger doors and blue storm doors. The passenger doors of many cars were repainted silver from 1974, as the graffiti epidemic worsened. Some cars retained or regained blue passenger doors towards the start of the General Overhaul (GOH) program, which replaced all the doors with stainless steel versions.

On August 18, 1964, the NYCTA approved a modification to the 300 R32s already constructed. The modification was required to ensure proper clearance in tunnels. Since the cars were 4,000 pounds lighter than other subway cars when new, they did not sink as low on standard trucks and springs. The modification involved the modification of the body bolster.

A ceremonial introduction trip for the new R32 "Brightliners" cars was held on September 9, 1964, operating from the New York Central Railroad's Mott Haven Yards in the Bronx to Grand Central Terminal in Midtown Manhattan. The new cars were then placed into service on the  on September 14, 1964, after their New York Central's spring-loaded under-running third rail shoes were replaced with gravity-type overrunning subway third rail shoes. The R32s were originally assigned to the BMT Southern Division service only, initially on the Brighton Line (Q train) and the Sea Beach Line ( train), but were eventually reassigned to the West End Line ( and TT trains).

Cars 3946–3949 were delivered with Pioneer trucks and disc brakes in 1966. These trucks were replaced with standard trucks in 1976.

In 1974, cars 3700–3701 were sent to Garrett AiResearch's facilities in Los Angeles, California, to test out Flywheel energy storage system equipment. 3700 received energy conservation machinery with batteries and amber-type digital readout indicating the amount of energy used by the equipment, while 3701 remained unmodified. These cars were later tested at the UMTA, and the US Department of Transportation's Testing Facilities in Pueblo, Colorado, for evaluation, and were returned to the MTA in 1976 for in-service testing on all BMT/IND Lines to check the effectiveness of the technology.

Overhaul and mishaps
Cars 3616, 3629, 3651, and 3766 were scrapped due to collision damage sustained in various accidents in the 1970s and 1980s. Their mates were paired with other cars.

Car 3659 was rebuilt as an even-numbered car and renumbered to 3348 following the loss of its even-numbered mate in an accident. Car 3669 was retired following a derailment, so its even-numbered mate 3668 was rebuilt into an odd-numbered car and renumbered to 3669.

From 1988 to 1990, as part of the NYCTA General Overhaul (GOH) program, the R32 cars were rebuilt. Ten cars were rebuilt by General Electric at its facility in Buffalo, New York (cars 3594–3595, 3880–3881, 3892–3893, 3936–3937, and 3934–3935) as prototype rebuilds, and the remaining cars were rebuilt by Morrison–Knudsen at its facility in Hornell, New York. During the rebuilding process, the route and destination mylar rollsigns located above the storm doors were removed and replaced with Luminator flipdot electronic route signs that can display both letters and numbers, including zero to nine. This is because the air conditioning evaporators mounted on the interior car ends made it difficult to change the front route and destination signs. The distinctive "EXP" (express) and "LOCAL" marker lights were removed. The rollsigns on the sides of the cars were retained and updated.

After refurbishment, the R32 and R32A cars were renamed R32 Phase I, R32 Phase II, and R32 GE. The R32 Phase I cars (re-built by Morrison–Knudsen) had WABCO Air Brake packages, GE Master Controllers, and Thermo King HVAC units. The R32 Phase II cars (also re-built by Morrison–Knudsen) had NY Air Brake equipment, Westinghouse Master Controllers, and Stone Safety HVAC units. The ten prototype rebuild R32 GE cars differ from the Phase I and II cars as they were rebuilt to R38 specifications. They had experimental Sigma HVAC Units powered by A/C motors and solid state inverters, original traction motors rebuilt to 115 horsepower instead of the traditional 100 horsepower units, backlit ad signs, and different bulkhead designs. Since the cars were sent out to be overhauled based on how poorly they were performing (worst first), there were R32s and R32As rebuilt in both Phase I and Phase II configurations. There were about a dozen or more pairs that are composed of R32 and R32A mixes.

Retirement

The R160s replaced most of the R32s in the late 2000s. The ten GE cars were retired first in the summer of 2007. The Phase II R32s followed a year later, from March 2008 until October 13, 2008. A handful of Phase I R32s were retired from early 2009 until November 2009, when it was decided to retire the NYCT R44s instead. By December 2010, only 232 active cars remained, 222 of which were assigned to 207th Street Yard, operating on the A and C. These had periodically underwent intermittent SMS (Scheduled Maintenance Service, a life-extension program) cycles – at a cost of $25 million – to extend their useful lives.

The R179s replaced the remainder of the R32s in the early 2020s. The R32s were originally slated for retirement in 2017, but the R179s experienced delays in delivery. Subsequently, plans were changed to retain the R32s in order for them to provide a backup fleet and support service increased frequencies until in 2022, when they would finally be replaced by the R211s. By January 2020, it was again decided to retire the R32s with the R179s.

With the R179 delivery completed, the R32s were gradually phased out until the last train made its final trip on the C on March 26, 2020. In June 2020, some R32s were reactivated and transferred to East New York Yard to provide backup revenue service due to the R179s being pulled from service. The R32s re-entered service on the J and Z on July 1, 2020 until being withdrawn again on October 8, 2020.

After a year in storage, the R32s were officially retired when the last train made final runs in December 2021 and January 2022 as part of a series of farewell trips organized by the New York Transit Museum on four consecutive Sundays. On December 19 and 26, 2021, and January 2, 2022, the train ran along the  and  routes between 145th Street and Second Avenue. On January 9, 2022, the train ran along the  between 96th Street and Brighton Beach, making express stops.

Most cars retired by the R160s were stripped and sunk as artificial reefs. After the reefing program ended in April 2010, cars retired by the R160s were trucked to Sims Metal Management's Newark facility to be scrapped and processed. The scrapping and processing of these cars occurred between April 2013 and October 2013. Many of the cars retired by the R179s are being towed through the South Brooklyn Railway, New York New Jersey Rail, and the Brooklyn Army Terminal before being partially disassembled for shipment to Frontier Industrial Corp in Ohio; this process started in February 2022.

Some R32 cars were saved for various purposes, as following:
 Phase II pair 3350–3351 – set aside for preservation by the Railway Preservation Corp.
 Phase II pair 3352–3353 – set aside for preservation by the New York Transit Museum. This pair was the lead pair on the R32s' premiere trip on September 9, 1964.
 Phase I pair 3360–3361 – set aside for preservation by the New York Transit Museum. This pair was the lead pair on the R32s' final trip on January 9, 2022.
 Phase I car 3389 – converted to a maintenance of way car for the Staten Island Railway.
 Phase I pair 3432–3433 – preserved by the Craggy Mountain Line in Asheville, North Carolina.
 GE-rebuilt pair 3594–3595 – being used as NYPD training cars at Floyd Bennett Field.

Ten cars taken out of revenue service in December 2010 were used for work service, handling such tasks as providing traction for B Division rail adhesion cars and refuse trains. They were eventually replaced by fifty R42 cars between 2020 and 2022.

Longevity
The longest-lasting R32s were in service for almost 58 years, currently the longest such service life in New York City rapid transit operations. They were the last cars built for the New York City Transit Authority – prior to its merger with the Metropolitan Transportation Authority in 1968 – to remain in service. The R32s had survived well past their specified service life of 35 years. They are the oldest rolling stock since the retirement of the Redbird trains, and the oldest rolling stock of any metro system in North America, as well as some of the oldest rolling stock of any metro system anywhere in the world. The R32s outlasted the newer R38s, R40s, R42s, and New York City Transit R44s.

Despite their considerable structural quality, the R32s suffered from low mechanical reliability near the end of their service lives. They had the lowest Mean Distance Between Failures figures of the active fleet, as the overhauls they received during the 1988–89 period wore out after 29–30 years. Others criticized the R32s for their appearance and lack of comfort. In August 2011, The New York Times called the R32s "a dreary reminder to passengers of an earlier subterranean era", and claimed that "time has taken a toll" on the cars. The cars had worn-out air conditioning, propulsion, and braking systems, so they were often temporarily transferred to services with mostly outdoor or elevated portions, namely the A, J, and Z.

In popular culture

In the famous car chase scene in the film The French Connection, the chased train of R42s crashes into an R32.

An R32 is featured in Men in Black II, featuring an alien entering a tunnel. Once there, it attacks and devours most of a subway train (which is a combination of R32 and R38 cars) until Agent J destroys it. He is then seen walking out of the station, 81st Street – Museum of Natural History.

An R32 is featured in Inside Llewyn Davis, but however, the train is historically inaccurate.

A train of R32s was featured in the 2015 film Bridge of Spies, although the film is set a decade prior to their manufacturing. They were the oldest available rolling stock to form a realistic 10-car train for exterior filming. Interior shots were done with a more period-appropriate R11/R34 from the New York Transit Museum.

Several trains of R32s were featured in the movie Spider-Man: Homecoming, on the  train.

An R32 is featured at Church Avenue station, 18th Avenue station, and Bedford Park Boulevard station for the movie Joker.

An R32 is featured in the second season of Russian Doll.

Notes

References

Further reading
 Sansone, Gene. Evolution of New York City subways: An illustrated history of New York City's transit cars, 1867–1997. New York Transit Museum Press, New York, 1997

External links

nycsubway.org - NYC Subway Cars: R32

Train-related introductions in 1964
New York City Subway rolling stock
Budd multiple units
1964 in rail transport

R32 (New York City Subway car)


Surajaya Stadyumu Endonezya'nın Lamongan şehrinde çok amaçlı olarak inşa edilen bir stadyum.

Surajaya Stadyumunda çoğunlukla Futbol müsbakaları yapılmaktadır. Endonezya'nın Persela Lamongan takımının maçlarını yaptığı stadyum 12.500 seyirci kapasitelidir.

Endonezya'daki stadyumlar

Surajaya Stadyumu


Gumz ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Alexander Gumz (* 1974), deutscher Lyriker, Redakteur, Übersetzer und Veranstalter
 Emma Gumz (1899–1981), deutsche Wäschereiinhaberin und Gerechte unter den Völkern
 Siegfried Gumz (* 1940), deutscher Fußballspieler und -trainer

Gumz


التبليط البدائي هي عناصر مجموعة جزئية تتطابق بشكل أحادى مع عناصر مجموعة أكبر منها.

للتوضيح، اعتبر أن المجوعة R هي مجموعة جزئية (subset) للمجموعة S بحيث أن:
 كل الأشكال في R غير متطابقة مع أي من الأشكال الأخرى في R (أي كل شكل في R هو فريد)
 كل شكل في المجموعة S يتطابق مع جسم واحد أو أكثر في مجموعة R.

في هذه الحالة، تسمى عناصر R التبليط البدائي لمجموعة S.

مراجع
راجع: مجموعة افريزية (هندسة)، مجموعة ورق الجدران (هندسة)
 التبليط البدائي على موقع neohumanism.org

تبليط

تبليط بدائي


ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة  ( SBS ) (سابقاً  مايكروسوفت مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة )  هو حزمة مخدم متكامل من مايكروسوفت مصمم للعمل على البنية التحتية لشبكة (لكلا إدارة الانترانت والوصول للإنترنت) في المؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة التي ليس لديها أكثر من 75 محطة عمل أو مستخدم. تقنية تطبيق المخدم محكم بشكل متكامل ليزود الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة بحلول محددة الأهداف مثل التحكم بمكان العمل على الشبكة العالمية، وتوفر فوائد الإدارة مثل الإعداد المتكامل، الرصد / المراقبة المتقدمة، لوحة تحكم إدارة موحدة، والتحكم بالوصول لجميع أجزاء محطات العمل على شبكة العمل.

تجدر الإشارة إلى أن ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة من الناحية التقنية ليس
'الإصدار' من نظام التشغيل ويندوز المخدم بل مخصص لوحدة حفظ -المخزون في تقنية المخدم الموجه إلى مؤسسات الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة بشكل خاص. على هذا النحو، تطبيق المخدم ليست مجرد تجميع مع نظام التشغيل ولكنها مدمجة بشكل محكم في نظام التشغيل. نفس حزم الخدمات التي المقدمة من أجل ويندوز المخدم أو غيرها من منتجات المخدمات لا يمكن أن تستخدم ببساطة لتحديث نظام التشغيل.

الإصدارات

ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة متوفر بإصداريه العادي والمتقدم. كلا الإصدارين على حد سواء يستند إلى قاعدة ترميز ويندوز المخدم وتتضمن عميل نقل بريد مايكروسوفت المخدم التبادلي، خدمات معلومات الانترنت (IIS) مخدم ويب، ويندوز خدمات النقطة التشاركية من أجل التشارك، عميل البريد الإلكتروني 2003 في مايكروسوفت أوفيس أوتلوك، التوجيه والتحكم بالوصول للخدمة (RRAS)، خدمة تحديث ويندوز المخدم لتحديث الإدارة في أرجاء الشبكة، ومخدم الفاكس. وحتى إصدار مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة لعام 2003، تضمن الإصدار المتقدم منه مايكروسوفت مخدم لغة الاستعلامات البنيوية، مايكروسوفت مخدم أمن وتسارع الإنترنت (ISA) ومايكروسوفت أوفيس فرونت بيج 2003. مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة الإصدار المتقدم لعام 2008 لن يتضمن مخدم لغة الاستعلامات البنيوية لكنه سيتضمن ترخيص من أجل ويندوز المخدم 2008 ومخدم لغة الاستعلامات البنيوية 2008 ليعمل على مخدم ثاني.

في البداية، مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة تم تسويقه على أساس الإصدار من مايكروسوفت حزمة المخدم. وعندما تم إطلاق ويندوز 2000، تم تسويقه كمايكروسوفت مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 2000، وأخيراً تم وضع علامة تجارية له بوصفه عضواً من أسرة ويندوز المخدم 2003. مايكروسوفت قد عرض أيضاً منتج ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الأساسي الذي يهدف إلى الأعمال التجارية المتوسطة، التي تضم الآن في الإصدار التالي مايكروسوفت مخدم أمن وتسارع الإنترنت (ISA) بدلاً عن مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة.

قيود الاستخدام
هذا الإصدار من ويندوز المخدم له عدة قيود حتى تتمكن من استخدامه ألا وهي:
 جهاز حاسب واحد فقط في نطاق ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة.
 ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة يجب أن يكون أساس الدليل النشط بالشبكة.
 ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة لا يمكنه الوثوق بأي نطاق من مخدمات أخرى. التي ليس لها أي نطاق ينتمي لنطاقها الأساسي.
 كل إصدارات ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة حتى عام 2003 محدودة إلى 75 مستخدم أو جهاز معتمدة على أي نوع من ترخيص وصول العميل.
 كل إصدارات ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة حتى عام 2003 محدودة سعة ذاكرة الوصول العشوائية إلى 4 جيجابايت.
 إصدارات ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة قبل ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 2008 متوفرة فقط لمنصات عمل إكس 86 (32 – بت).
 ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 2008 سيكون متوفراً فقط لمنصات عمل إكس 86 -64 (64-بت). هذا تبعاً لمتطلبات تشغيل نظام المخدم التبادلي 2007، الذي تم إنتاجه بالإصدار 64-بت فقط. الإصدار 32-بت من المخدم التبادلي 2007 يدعم فقط عمليات الاختيار والطرق الغير منتجة.
 طريقة تحكم الأجهزة الخاص بالإدارة متاح فقط لأن ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة يدير دائما على متحكم النطاق، وإثنين من بروتوكولات التحكم بالأجهزة في وقت واحد يسمحان بالدورات. (تغيير بمنهاج مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 2000) محطات الخدمة في طريقة التطبيقات التشاركية تحتاج إلى العمل على مخدم ثانٍ على شبكة العمل. بيد أن هذا سيكون ممكنناً على مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 2008 الإصدار المتقدم الذي يتضمن ترخيص ويندوز المخدم 2008 لتشغيل المخدم الثاني.
 لإزالة هذه القيود وترقيتها إلى الإصدارات النظامية من ويندوز المخدم، المخدم التبادلي، مخدم لغة الاستعلامات البنيوية ومخدم أمن وتسارع الإنترنت، فثمة حزمة الإطلاق 2 من ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 2003.

ميزات مهمة في مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة
 التحكم بمكان العمل على الشبكة العالمية
 موصل بروتوكول بريد المكتب 3 (من أجل المخدم التبادلي).
 خدمة تبادل / تشارك الفاكس (مخدم الفاكس)
 خدمة تشارك المعدل (مخدم المعدل، ليس مدعماً في مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 2003 والإصدارات اللاحقة).

الإصدارات
 في 22 تشرين الأول / أكتوبر من عام 1997 – تم إطلاق  حزمة مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 4.0
 في 24 أيار / مايو من عام 1999 – تم إطلاق  حزمة مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 4.0
 في 22 تشرين الأول / أكتوبر من عام 1997 – تم إطلاق  حزمة مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 4.5
 في 21 شباط / فبراير من عام 2001 – تم إطلاق  مايكروسوفت مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 2000
 في 9 تشرين الأول / أكتوبر من عام 2003 – تم إطلاق  مايكروسوفت مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 2003
 في 29 تموز / يوليو من عام 2006 – تم إطلاق  مايكروسوفت مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 2003 الإطلاق 2
 في عام 2008 – تم إطلاق  مايكروسوفت مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 2008

وصلات خارجية
 الصفحة الرئيسية لمخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 2003
 الصفحة الرئيسية لمخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة 2008
 الصفحة الرئيسية لمخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة
 الصفحة الرسمية لمستضيف مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة
 نظرة عامة على إيجابيات مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة
 الأسئلة الشائعة عن مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة
 مدخل إلى مخدم الأعمال التجارية الصغيرة من موقع الحاسب العالمي في كندا
 صفحة معلومات غير رسمية من مايكروسوفت ويندوز مخدم الأعمال التجارية

المراجع

برمجيات 2005
ويندوز سيرفر

ويندوز سمول بيزنس سيرفر


Die Route nationale 677, kurz N 677 oder RN 677, war eine französische Nationalstraße, die von 1933 bis 1973 zwischen einer Straßenkreuzung mit der ehemaligen Nationalstraße 673 südwestlich von Saint-Céré und einer Kreuzung mit der ehemaligen Nationalstraße 20 südwestlich von Labastide-Murat verlief. Ihre Länge betrug 40,5 Kilometer.

Weblinks
 Route nationale française 677 auf WikiSara (französisch)

677

Route nationale 677


Anthony James Corcoran SJ (nascido em 19 de abril de 1963 em Tucson, Arizona, EUA) é um religioso americano e administrador apostólico católico romano do Quirguistão.

Anthony James Corcoran ingressou na Congregação Jesuíta em agosto de 1985. Corcoran foi ordenado diácono em 1995 e recebeu o Sacramento da Ordem em 8 de junho de 1996.

Em 29 de agosto de 2017, o Papa Francisco o nomeou Administrador Apostólico do Quirguistão.

Ver também

Bispos católicos do Quirguistão

Anthony James Corcoran


În ciuda resurselor naturale de excepție (aur, aluminiu, bauxită, diamante), Guineea este una din cele mai sărace țări ale lumii. Majoritatea oamenilor se ocupă cu agricultura și câștigă 1 dolar pe zi. Se cultivă orez, mei și alte cereale. Produse de export: banane, arahide de pământ, nuci de cocos, gumă arabică ș.a. majoritatea veniturilor provin din agricultură și industria metalurgică.

Guineea

Economia Guineei


Tunnel of Love is the eighth studio album by American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen, released on October 2, 1987. Although members of the E Street Band occasionally performed on the album, Springsteen recorded most of the parts himself, often with drum machines and synthesizers. Tunnel of Love is not officially regarded as an E Street Band album, as The Rising (2002) was marketed as his first studio album with the E Street Band since Born in the U.S.A. (1984).

In 1989, the album was ranked #25 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Best Albums of the Eighties" while in 2012, Rolling Stone ranked it at #467 on their list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. "Brilliant Disguise", "Tunnel of Love", "One Step Up", "Tougher Than the Rest", and "Spare Parts" were all released as singles. "Tunnel of Love" won Best Rock Vocal Performance, Solo at the 1988 Grammy Awards.

Background
The New York Times writer Jon Pareles said that Springsteen "turned inward" on this album, writing about "love gone wrong" in response to changes in his personal life, especially his crumbling marriage to Julianne Phillips, and his decision to leave the E Street Band. Pareles said that most of the songs on the album were about the difficulty of mature love rather than Springsteen's earlier arena rock anthems to the working man. Tunnel of Love songs were described as "midtempo ballads or pop-rock hymns". "Brilliant Disguise" has been called "a heart-wrenching song about never being really able to know someone".

On the B-sides of vinyl and cassette singles, outtakes like "Lucky Man", "Two for the Road" and a 1979 track, "Roulette" were included. On the EP that accompanied the 1988 tour, Springsteen included album cut "Tougher Than the Rest", but included another River outtake, "Be True" a rearranged, acoustic "Born To Run", and a cover of Bob Dylan's "Chimes of Freedom".

Commercially the album went triple Platinum in the US at 19 april 1988, with "Brilliant Disguise" being one of his biggest hit singles, peaking at #5 on the Billboard Hot 100, "Tunnel of Love" also making the top 10, reaching #9, and "One Step Up" reaching the top 20 at #13. The 1988 Springsteen and E Street Band Tunnel of Love Express tour would showcase the album's songs, sometimes in arrangements courtesy of the Miami Horns.

Amusement park tunnel of love memorabilia was provided by the National Amusement Park Historical Association to be used on the record sleeve of the Tunnel of Love single. A cover of "All That Heaven Will Allow" was a minor hit single for country band the Mavericks in 1995.

Music videos
Irish filmmaker Meiert Avis directed the music videos for "Brilliant Disguise", "One Step Up", "Tougher Than the Rest", and "Tunnel of Love". The videos were shot on location in New Jersey, including Asbury Park. The intensely personal "Brilliant Disguise" video broke new ground on MTV, being a single shot without edits. The video of the title track was nominated for five MTV Video Music Awards, including Video of the Year and, paradoxically, Best Editing.

Critical reception

In a contemporary review for Playboy, music critic Robert Christgau wrote that, apart from the humorous opening track and the clichéd track that follows, Tunnel of Love is "convincing, original stuff—it zeroes in on fear of commitment as a pathology and battles it." He particularly praised the album's introspective second half in his consumer guide for The Village Voice, saying that it showed Springsteen's decency and ability for self-examination. Rolling Stone magazine's Steve Pond said that Tunnel of Love is "a varied, modestly scaled, modern-sounding pop album" rather than a rock and roll album and felt that its unromantic tales of love are similar to Springsteen's socially conscious work about broken promises and dreams in America:

In The Village Voices annual Pazz & Jop critics poll, Tunnel of Love finished second in the voting for the year's best album. Christgau, the poll's creator, named it the third best album of the year in his own list. In 1989, the album was ranked #25 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Best Albums of the Eighties" while in 2012, the same magazine ranked it at #467 on their list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. In 1998, Q magazine readers voted Tunnel of Love the 91st greatest album of all time.

Writing for America Magazine, Catholic priest and sociologist Andrew Greeley argued that this album exemplifies the American Catholic imagination. In a 2014 article for Grantland, Steven Hyden said Tunnel of Love remained Springsteen's "most underrated record" among fans but in his own opinion, Springsteen's best lyrically. "You really shouldn't be allowed to hear this record until you've been married for a few years", Hyden wrote, "though at that point it might strike a little too close to home. If Ingmar Bergman had been born in Freehold and cut his artistic teeth at the Stone Pony, he would've made this record in place of Scenes From a Marriage. Totally '80s production aside ... this album represents the heaviest blues of Springsteen's career. The songs are about men and women who flirt, have sex, fall in love, get married, get bored, have sex with other people, and wind up stuck in the middle of that dark night from the second disc of The River."

Track listing

Unreleased outtakes
While more than 80 songs were said to have been recorded for Springsteen's previous album, only 19 are known to have been recorded for Tunnel of Love, with 12 making the album's final cut. "Lucky Man" and "Two For the Road" were released as B-sides, and later on Tracks along with other outtakes such as "The Honeymooners," "The Wish" and "When You Need Me." "Part Man, Part Monkey" was also recorded during these sessions and played live on the Tunnel of Love Express Tour. Although that version remains unreleased, it would be re-recorded during future album sessions and eventually released. "Walking Through Midnight," the only other unreleased song, was co-written by Southside Johnny who recorded the song for his own album, 1988's Slow Dance.

"Part Man, Part Monkey"
"Walking Through Midnight"

Personnel
Musicians
 Bruce Springsteen – lead vocals, backing vocals, guitars, mandolin, bass guitar, keyboards, harmonica, percussion, drum machine, sound effects on "Tunnel of Love"
 Roy Bittan – acoustic piano on "Brilliant Disguise", synthesizers on "Tunnel of Love"
 Clarence Clemons – backing vocals on "When You're Alone"
 Danny Federici – Hammond organ on "Tougher Than the Rest", "Spare Parts" and "Brilliant Disguise"
 Nils Lofgren – guitar solo on "Tunnel of Love", backing vocals on "When You're Alone"
 Patti Scialfa – backing vocals on "Tunnel of Love", "One Step Up" and "When You're Alone"
 Garry Tallent – bass guitar on "Spare Parts"
 Max Weinberg – drums on "All That Heaven Will Allow", "Two Faces" and "When You're Alone"; percussion on "Tougher Than the Rest", "Spare Parts", "Walk Like a Man", "Tunnel of Love", and "Brilliant Disguise"
 James Wood – harmonica on "Spare Parts"

Technical
Toby Scott – engineering
Tim Leitner, Roger Talkov, Squeek Stone, Rob Jacobs – engineering assistants
Bob Clearmountain – mixing
Mark McKenna – mixing assistant
Jay Healy – mixing assistant on "Tunnel of Love"
Bob Ludwig – mastering
Heidi Cron – mastering assistant
Sandra Choron – art direction
Annie Leibovitz, Bob Adelman, Kryn Taconis, Elliott Erwitt – photography

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

References

External links

 Album lyrics and audio samples

1987 albums
Bruce Springsteen albums
Albums produced by Jon Landau
Albums produced by Chuck Plotkin
Columbia Records albums
Grammy Award for Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance
Albums recorded at A&M Studios
Album covers by Annie Leibovitz

Tunnel of Love (album)


Leonotis pole-evansii, biljna vrsta iz roda lavljeg uha, porodica medićevki. Zambijski endem.

Izvori

Lamioideae

Leonotis pole-evansii


Die Kanadische Badmintonmeisterschaft 2002 fand vom 2. bis zum 5. Mai 2002 in Sherbrooke statt.

Medaillengewinner

Weblinks

2002
Badminton 2002
Sportveranstaltung in Québec
Sport (Sherbrooke)

Kanadische Badmintonmeisterschaft 2002