7, Lok Kalyan Marg( 7LKM), formerly 7, Race Course Road, is the official residence and principal workplace of the Prime Minister of India. Situated on Lok Kalyan Marg, New Delhi, the official name of the Prime Minister's residence complex is Panchavati. It is spread over  of land, comprising five bungalows in Lutyens' Delhi, built in the 1980s, which are the Prime Minister's office, residency zone and security establishment, including one occupied by Special Protection Group (SPG) and another being a guest house. However, even though there are 5 bungalows, they are collectively called 7, Lok Kalyan Marg. It does not house the Prime Minister's Office but has a conference room for informal meetings.

The entire Lok Kalyan Marg, which lies right across the road, is closed to the public. Rajiv Gandhi was the first Prime Minister to reside at the erstwhile 7 Race Course Road, in 1984. It does not house the Prime Minister's Office (PMO), which is located in the South Block of the Secretariat Building, on Raisina Hill nearby in New Delhi, where the Cabinet Secretariat functions. The nearest Delhi Metro station is Lok Kalyan Marg metro station. When a new Prime Minister is nominated his/her original house is for the time being given a security detail and the new office holder is then advised to move in the 7, LKM at the earliest possible date.

The residence was earlier called 7, Race Course Road, which changed to 7, Lok Kalyan Marg, following the renaming of the road on which the house is situated, in September 2016.

History
Earlier, the Prime Ministers of India lived in their own house or house allotted to them through Parliament, allotment by virtue of being an MP. Jawaharlal Nehru took up residence in Teen Murti Bhavan, which used to be the residence of the Commander-in-Chief of the British Indian Army in British India; it was formerly called the Flagstaff House. After Nehru's death in 1964, the building was converted to the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library in 1984.

The next Prime Minister of India Lal Bahadur Shastri chose 10 Janpath as his official residence, where he stayed 1964–1966. It was later allotted to the Congress (I) party, though a part of it became biographical museum, Lal Bhadur Shastri Memorial and Museum at 1, Motilal Nehru Place (formerly 10, Janpath), adjacent to the complex. The current resident of 10, Janpath is INC interim President, Sonia Gandhi.

After the assassination of Indira Gandhi at her 1, Safdarjung Road residence garden while going towards neighbouring 1, Akbar Road office for an interview on 31 October 1984, it was converted into the Indira Gandhi Memorial and Museum. Former Chief Justice of India Sudhi Ranjan Das had previously lived at this address before Indira Gandhi.

Rajiv Gandhi, her son and successor as Prime Minister, along with his wife Sonia Gandhi and children Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi, became the first occupant of erstwhile 7, Race Course Road, in 1984.

When V. P. Singh became the Prime Minister, the Ministry of Urban Affairs designated 7, Race Course Road premises occupied by Rajiv Gandhi as the permanent residence and office of the Prime Minister of India to ensure that all successive prime ministers were allotted the same house on assuming office. A government notification on 30 May 1990, officially designated these bungalows as the official residence of Indian Prime Minister.

In the 1990s I. K. Gujral and some of his predecessors, used 7, Race Course Road as Prime Minister's Office (PMO).

The 14th and current Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, chose 5, Race Course Road as his residence as the erstwhile 7, Race Course Road was being refurbished at that time, after his predecessor Manmohan Singh had vacated it. The erstwhile 7, Race Course Road was chosen as Modi's office.

Construction
The bungalows of the 7 LKM were originally designed by Robert Tor Russell, who was part of British architect Edwin Lutyens' team, when he was designing New Delhi in the 1920s and 1930s.

The Bungalows
The  Prime Minister's residence was built in the 1980s. It does not have his office inside the house, but has a conference room for informal meetings. The Prime Minister's residence and office and security spread across five bungalows: Bungalow 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. This includes 5, Lok Kalyan Marg, the Private Residential Zone for the Prime Minister, though he primarily operates from 7, Lok Kalyan Marg.

Bungalow 1 is a helipad for the service of Prime Minister which is being used as so since September 2003. Earlier, it was resided in by Dr. S. Venugopal Chary of TRS, who vacated it on the government's requests with a purpose of increasing the security. It is under the control of the Special Protection Group. After former Maharashtra chief minister Prithviraj Chavan vacated his Bungalow 11, the last addition to the LKM complex was complete. The entire road with bungalows numbering 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 came under Prime Minister's residential complex.

Bungalow 3 which was earlier the residence of Dr. Manmohan Singh has now been converted into a guesthouse for Prime Minister's guests.

Bungalow 9 is occupied by the Special Protection Group (SPG) that guards the Prime Minister. A  tunnel connects the Indian prime minister's residence to the Safdarjung Airport, where high-importance helicopters land. Constructed beyond Kemal Atatürk Marg, Golf Course and Safdarjung Tomb and then an overground drive to surface at the helicopter hangar at the airport, work on the tunnel began in 2010 and was completed by July 2014 and Modi was the first Prime Minister to use it.

Current prime minister Narendra Modi uses 5, LKM as his residence which has also been used as so by Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Rajiv Gandhi.

Panchvati
In 2001, during the tenure of Vajpayee, a state-of-the-art auditorium was constructed at the cost of  and was named as Panchvati, it has been named after the spot where Ram and Sita had built their hut during their exile. It is equipped for video conferencing and simultaneous translations This can be modelled into 2–3 conference rooms and can also act as a banquet for a gather of 200–340 people. This can be used as a cabinet meeting room and can also be arranged to form a theatre.

Security

While the government-run Special Protection Group (SPG) is the primary agency in charge of the security, it is aided by the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Border Security Force (BSF) and the Delhi Police to provide three-rung security for the estate. There is only one entrance to 7 Lok Kalyan Marg, which is guarded by the SPG. Only those visitors whose names have been given to SPG by the prime minister's personal secretaries are allowed in. The rule applies to everybody, including the national security adviser, top bureaucrats, relatives and guests (barring close family) and visitors are expected to carry an identity card. No outside vehicle is allowed to go beyond the checkpoint and even high-profile visitors including cabinet ministers are required to park their official vehicles by the checkpoint. Special SPG vehicles are used to carry the guests from the checkpoint to the residential office of the Prime Minister. The only exception to this rule is for the SPG protectors themselves who are allowed to take the vehicle carrying them into the complex.

The whole area is a no-fly zone and airspace usage around the area is highly restricted and monitored. Over the years, its security has gradually been increased. A bulletproof glass-tube passage was built in 2003, connecting Bungalow 3, at the Prime Minister's residence, to Panchvati or 7 LKM, where the Prime Minister meets people and delegations and holds official meetings. A concrete wall was added on the periphery, separating the house from the main road, to render any truck bomb or a car bomb attack ineffective. However, the residence is surrounded by various high rise building and public structures, including Samrat Hotel, Ashoka Hotel, and state guesthouses on one side, to the Delhi Gymkhana Club (DCG) and Delhi Race Course which lies on the other. Accordingly, plans for a helipad within the complex were mooted for several years. By 2004, the Intelligence Bureau (IB) took over most of the rooms of Samrat Hotel overlooking the residence and watchtowers were erected inside Delhi Gymkhana. The Delhi Gymkhana can be accessed only via Safdarjung Road. The residence has a power substation, and doctors and nurses from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences are on duty round the clock. There are several ambulances on standby, one of which always accompanies the prime minister's motorcade.  The civic officials ensure that there are no traffic bottlenecks on Kemal Atatürk Marg that runs outside the bungalows.

In 2004, the road was refurbished at a cost of  to make it the permanent residence of the Indian Prime Minister.

7 LKM also has massive, manicured lawns and has abundant gulmohar, semal and arjuna trees which homes several birds, including peacocks.

Staff

Besides the secretarial staff, it has a support staff of about 200 gardeners, servants, and electricians. They are employed after a background check.

Workplace
The workplace at 7 LKM has two small rooms on either side from the entrance for each of the two personal secretaries. Then there is a small corridor with a visitor's room to the right. Further ahead is a chamber to meet guests. Adjacent to that is the living space for larger meetings, behind which is the dining room where breakfast and lunch meetings are hosted. A corridor from 7 LKM leads to Panchvati which can be segmented into two or three conference rooms or a large banquet hall.

On the walls are artworks loaned by the National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA) which are often changed in consultation with the prime minister's office. The gifts received by the Prime Minister are either displayed at 7 LKM or are sent to the toshakhana (treasure house).

See also
 List of official residences of India
 Rashtrapati Bhavan
 Prime Minister's Office, India

References

External links

Facts and history at jagranjosh.com

Houses completed in 1984
Official residences in India
Government buildings in Delhi
Prime ministerial residences
20th-century architecture in India

7, Lok Kalyan Marg


Füzuli Javad ogly Javadov (en , né le  à Bakou et mort le  dans la même ville, est un footballeur azerbaïdjanais qui évoluait au poste de défenseur.

Biographie

Carrière en club

Il réalise ses débuts professionnels dans le championnat d'Union soviétique en 1971 avec le club du FK SKA Rostov.

Vie privée
Füzuli Javadov est le père du footballeur international azerbaïdjanais Vagif Javadov, tandis que son frère Isgandar Javadov était également footballeur.

Décès
Le 11 avril 2021, il décède des suites de complications liées à la COVID-19 lors de la pandémie de Covid-19 en Azerbaïdjan.

Palmarès
 Neftchi Bakou
 Championnat d'Union soviétique D2 :
 Vice-champion : 1976.

Notes et références

Naissance en RSS d'Azerbaïdjan
Naissance à Bakou
Naissance en décembre 1950
Décès en avril 2021
Décès à 70 ans
Décès à Bakou
Mort de la maladie à coronavirus 2019 en Azerbaïdjan
Footballeur soviétique
Footballeur azerbaïdjanais
Joueur du SKA Rostov
Joueur du FK Neftchi Bakou

Füzuli Javadov


Sikkim occidental (en hindi: पश्चिम सिक्किम जिला) es un distrito de la India en el estado de Sikkim. Código ISO: IN.SK.WS.

Comprende una superficie de 1 166 km².

El centro administrativo es la ciudad de Geyzing.

Demografía
Según censo 2011 contaba con una población total de 136 299 habitantes, de los cuales 66 074 eran mujeres y 70 225 varones.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Sikkim occidental

Distrito de Sikkim occidental


المصدر النيوتروني هو مصطلح عام يشمل العديد من الأجهزة التي تقوم بعملية قذف النيوترونات- بغض النظر عن التقنية المستخدمة في هذه الأجهزة لإنتاج النيوترونات.
هناك متغيرات عديدة تعتمد عليها طاقة النيوترونات المقذوفة:
 معدل النيوترونات المقذوفة من المصدر
 حجم المصدر
 تكلفة امتلاك وصيانة المصدر
 التعليمات الحكومية المتعلقة بالمصدر
كما تتنوع مجالات استخدامات هذه الأجهزة في العديد من التطبيقات المهمة مثل: الفيزياء، الهندسة، الطب، الأسلحة النووية، استكشاف آبار النفط، البيولوجيا، الكيمياء، الطاقة النووية وصناعات أخرى.

هناك عدة أنواع من مصادر النيوترونات:

الأجهزة الصغيرة القياس
 النظائر الإشعاعية التي تخضع للانشطار العفوي:
هناك نظائر أحادية معينة تخضع للانشطار العفوي عند انبعاث النيوترونات.النوع المستخدم الشائع من النظائر الحادية المشعة هو النظير الأحادي الإشعاعي المدعو: كاليفورنيوم-252 Californium-252 أو للاختصار نقول: CF-252. ويتم إنتاج CF-252 وغيرها من مصادر النيوترونات المنشطرة عفوياً عن طريق تخصيب اليورانيوم في المفاعل النووي أو أي عنصر عدده الذري شبيه بالعدد الذري لليورانيوم. ولتخصيب اليورانيوم يتم امتصاص النيوترونات في مادة ايتدائية مع منتجات التفاعل المتسلسل؛ فتتحول هذه المادة الابتدائية إلى النظير الأحادي المشع والذي ينشطر عفوياً.

يتراوح قطر مصادر نيوترونات النظير المشع CF-252 النموذجية حوالي 1/4 إنش إلى 1/2 إنش، وطولها 1 إنش إلى 2 إنش.
وعند شراء مصادر نيوترونات CF-252 نموذجية جديدة، فإنها تبتعث ما بين 1×  إلى 1×  نيوترون لكل ثانية؛ ولكن بفترة نصف العمر يبلغ 2.6 سنة. ويهبط هذا العدد الهائل من النيوترونات إلى نصف العدد الأصلي في فترة نصف العمر البالغ 2.6 سنة. ويتراوح سعر مصدر نيوترون CF-252 النموذجي من 15.000 دولار إلى 20.000 دولار.

 النظائر الإشعاعية التي تتميز بانحلال حزمة جسيمات ألفا في مصفوفة رتبة Z الخفيضة والأساسية:
ويتم فيه إنتاج النيوترونات عندما ترتطم جسيمات ألفا بأي واحد من العديد من نظائر العناصر وزنها الذري منخفض، بالإضافة إلى البريليوم، والكربون، والأكسجين.
يمكن أن يستخدم التفاعل النووي لبناء مصدر نيوترون عن طريق الممازجة ما بين النظاير الإشعاعي النشاط الذي يبتعث جسيمات ألفا كالراديوم أو البلونيوم مع نظير مشع وزنه الذري منخفض، والذي يكون عادةً على شكل مساحيق مادية.
تتراوح معدلات الابتعاث النموذجية لمصادر النيوترونات ذات تفاعل نوع ألفا من 1×  إلى 1×  نيوترون لكل ثانية.
على سبيل مثال: في نموذج مصدر النيوترون نوع ألفا-بريليوم يتوقع أن ينتج تقريباً 30 نيوترون لكل مليون من جسيمات ألفا.
يعتبر فترة الحياة المفيدة لهذه الأنواع من المصادر متغيرأً ذو أهمية بالغة، ويعتمد على نصف العمر للنظير الإشعاعي الذي يبتعث جسيمات ألفا.
كما أن قياس وتكلفة هذا النوع من المصادر مشابه لمصادر الانشطار العفوي.والتراكيب الاعتيادية للمواد تكون إما: بلوتونيوم-بريليوم، أو أمريكيوم-بريليوم، أو أمريكيوم-ليثيوم.

 النظائر الإشعاعية التي تتميز بانحلال يشترك فيه كل من فوتونات الضوء عالية الطاقة مع البريليوم أو الديوتريوم:
يستطيع إشعاع غاما مع الطاقة الفائقة الناتجة عن طاقة الربط النووي بين النيوترون والنواة أن يقذف نيوترون. المعادلتين الآتيتين يوضحان ذلك مع نواتجهما الانحلالية:

بريليوم+ أكثر من 1.7 إلكترون فولت من الطاقة الضوئية --> 1 نيوترون+ 2 هيليوم

تيتيدريوم + أكثر من 2.26 إلكترون فولت من الطاقة الضوئية --> 1 نيوترون+ تيتيدريوم

 مولدات النيوترون ذات صمامات مفرغة محكمة الإغلاق:
يوجد بعض مولدات النيوترون- التي مكونها الأساسي مسرع؛ والتي تعمل بطريقة الاندماج النووي المستحث بين حزم الديتيريوم و/أو تريتيوم (نظير الهيدروجين الذي وزنه الذري 3)الأيونية وأهداف الفلز المهدرج (مركب مؤلف من عنصر هيدروجين وعنصر آخر)والتي تحتوي أيضاً على النظائر المشعة.

الأجهزة المتوسطة القياس
 أجهزة تركيز البلازما وضغطه:
ينتج مصدر النيوترون بطريقة تركيز البلازما اندماج نووي يمكن توجيهه والتحكم به عن طريق تكوين بلازما كثيفة في جو يحتوي على غاز الديتيريوم المؤين و/أو غاز التريتيوم المؤين، ويتم تسخين الغاز إلى درجات حرارة كافية لخلق الاندماج النووي.

 مسرعات الأيونات الضوئية:
يمكن أن تستخدم مسرعات الجزيئات التقليدية مع مصادر أيون: الهيدروجين، أو الديتيريوم، أو التريتيوم لإنتاج نيوترونات باستخدام أهداف من الديتيريوم، التريتيوم، الليثيوم، البريليوم، وأي مادة من المواد المصنفة في الرتبة الدنيا من الجدول الدوري. وفي المسرعات النموذجية تقوم بعمل سلسلة من العمليات ضمن فروقات جهد في مدى أكبر من 1 إلكترون فولت.

 أنظمة بريمستروهلنج للاندماج النووي/ النيوترون الضوئي العالي الطاقة:
يتم إنتاج النيوترونات أو النيوترونات الضوئية عندما تتكون الفوتونات عرضياً في طاقة الربط النووي لتلك المادة، مسببةً بذلك تغييراً ضخماً جداً في الرنين الجزيئي الثنائي الاستقطاب، ويحدث بعد ذلك إما ابتعاث نيوترون أو انشطار نووي خاضع للتغيير.
عدد النيوترونات المتحررة لكل حدث انشطار نووي يعتمد على المادة.

تبدأ فوتونات الضوء النموذجية بإنتاج النيوترونات عند التفاعل بمحتوى طبيعي بطاقة تتراوح من 7 إلى 40 إلكترون فولت، والذي يعني تسهيلات بالمعالجة الإشعاعية للفوتون بالميجافولت، والذي من الممكن أن ينتج نيوترونات إذا جاز التعبير، وتحتاج درعاً واقياً خاصاً بها.
بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن أن يستحث الإلكترونات بطاقة تفوق 50 إلكترون فولت الرنين الجزيئي الثنائي الاستقطاب والعملاق في الأنوية بواسطة آلية تعكس التحول الداخلي، وهكذا النيوترونات المنتجة باستخدام هذه التقنية مماثلة لتلك النيوترونات الضوئية.

الأجهزة الكبيرة القياس
 مفاعلات الانشطار النووي
يحتل الاندماج النووي مكانة خاصة داخل المفاعل الذي ينتج كميات كبيرة من النيوترونات ويمكن أن يستخدم مجموعة متنوعة من الأهداف وتشمل توليد الطاقة النووية والتجارب.

 أنظمة الاندماج النووي:
يوجد احتمال كبير باستخدام الاندماج النووي الذي يضم النظائر المشعة الثقيلة لإنتاج كميات كبيرة من النيوترونات. يوجد أنظمة الاندماج النووي ذات القياس الصغير في العديد من الجامعات والمختبرات حول العالم والتي تخدم أغراض البحث العلمي؛ ويشمل الولايات المتحدة، JET في بريطانيا العظمى، والمفاعل النووي الحراري التجريبي الدولي المفتتحة حديثاً في فرنسا.

 مسرعات الجزيء العالي الطاقة:
إن مصدر ابتعاث الجزيئات النووية بالقذف بالإلكترونات هو مصدر عالي التدفق، والذي يتم فيه تسريع البروتونات بطاقة عالية لإصابة المادة الهدف، مستحثةً بذلك على ابتعاث النيوترونات.

التدفق النيوتروني

في معظم التطبيقات، كلما كان تدفق النيوترون عالياً كان دائماً أفضل (حيث أنه ينقّص الزمن اللازم لإدارة التجربة، والتقاط الصور، إلخ).
أجهزة الاندماج النووي الخبيرة كنوع فيوزر، يولّد 300.000 نيوترون لكل ثانية. تستطيع أجهزة الفيوزر التجارية أن تولد على الترتيب  نيوترون لكل ثانية، والذي يرتبط بالتدفق المستخدم لأقل من  نيوترون لكل سم مربع في الثانية؛ يحقق حزم شعاع النيوترون الضخمة حول العالم تدفقاُ أكبر بكثير من القيمة السابقة. حيث تنتج المصادر ذات المسرع الأساس الآن  نيوترون لكل سم مربع في الثانية؛ وتولد مصادر ابتعاث الجزيئات النووية المقذوفة بالإلكرتونات أكثر من  نيوترون لكل سم مربع في الثانية.

انظر أيضاً
 النيوترون السريع
 الانشطار النووي
 مولد النيوترون
 إشعاع

المراجع

الروابط الخارجية
 Portable Neutron Generators
 List of Neutron Sources Worldwide

تقانة نووية
طاقة نووية
نيوترون
هندسة نووية

مصدر نيوتروني


Ciganda (Ziganda en euskera, oficialmente Ziganda / Ciganda) es una localidad española y un concejo de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra perteneciente al municipio de Atez.

Está situado en la Merindad de Pamplona, en la comarca de Ultzamaldea,  y a 15 km de la capital de la comunidad, Pamplona. Su  población en  fue de  habitantes (INE), su superficie es de  km² y su densidad de población de  hab/km².

Geografía física

Situación
La localidad de Ciganda está situada en la parte occidental del municipio de Atez a una altitud de 800  Su término concejil tiene una superficie de  km² y limita al norte con el concejo de Gorronz-Olano en el municipio de Ulzama; al Este y Sur con el de Aróstegui y al oeste con el de Erice.

Demografía

Evolución de la población

Véase también
 Atez
 Lista de concejos de Navarra

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Datos del Concejo de Ciganda - Gobierno de Navarra - Información y datos de entidades locales de Navarra.

Concejos de Atez
Localidades de Atez

Ciganda


Geovane Luís da Silva (Carandaí, 21 de junho de 1971) é um prelado católico brasileiro. É bispo diocesano da Diocese de Divinópolis.

Ligações externas

Alunos da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais
Bispos auxiliares de Belo Horizonte

Geovane Luís da Silva


Alain Caveglia (født 28. marts 1968 i Vénissieux, Frankrig) er en fransk tidligere fodboldspiller (angriber).

Caveglia spillede hele sin 14 år lange karriere i hjemlandet, hvor han repræsenterede blandt andet Sochaux, Le Havre og Lyon. Han spillede også i år 2000 et halvt år hos Nantes, og var her med til at vinde pokalturneringen Coupe de France.

Titler
Coupe de France
 2000 med Nantes

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Frankrig
Fodboldspillere fra Le Havre AC
Fodboldspillere fra FC Sochaux-Montbéliard
Fodboldspillere fra FC Nantes
Fodboldspillere fra Olympique Lyon
Fodboldspillere fra FC Gueugnon

Alain Caveglia


ŽNK Zrinski, ženski je nogometni klub iz Bošnjaka.

Povijest
Ženski nogometni klub Zrinski osnovan je 2016. godine.

Izvori

Zrinski

ŽNK Zrinski Bošnjaci


William Gregory Magnussen () este un actor american de teatru, televiziune și film. Este cel mai cunoscut pentru Into the Woods (2014), Birth of the Dragon (2016) și Game Night (2018).

Biografie

Filmografie

Premii

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
Listă de actori americani
Listă de oameni din statul New York

Nașteri în 1985
Actori americani

Billy Magnussen


Le  ou  est un sandwich typique de la ville andalouse de Malaga, en Espagne. Avec des origines remontant aux années 1950, c'est un plat qui est devenu populaire dans les années 1980 et qui consiste en un petit pain circulaire auquel sont ajoutés, de manière standard, du jambon, du fromage, de la laitue, de la tomate et de la mayonnaise. Le tout est ensuite chauffé sur un grill. Compte tenu de la taille de la pièce, le  est généralement divisé en deux après la préparation.

Il existe des variantes du , consistant à ajouter d'autres compléments comme du blanc de poulet, du thon ou même de l'aïoli. La recette originale, qui comprenait également du ketchup et de la moutarde, est attribuée à Miguel Berrocal Márquez, un employé de la cafétéria Los Panini situé à Malaga, bien que de manière autoproclamée. Jusqu'à aujourd'hui, des doutes subsistent quant à son origine, tant en termes d'année que d'auteur. Depuis qu'il est devenu populaire, le  est un dénominateur commun sur les menus de n'importe quel restaurant de hamburgers ou cafétéria de la Costa del Sol, demandé en raison de son prix abordable et de son goût.

Notes et références

Cuisine espagnole
Sandwich

Campero malagueño


Vinícius José Paixão de Oliveira Júnior (), cunoscut ca Vinícius Júnior sau Vinícius Jr, este un fotbalist profesionist brazilian.  Evoluează pe postul de atacant la clubul spaniol Real Madrid și la echipa națională de fotbal a Braziliei.

Cariera de club

Flamengo Rio de Janeiro
Vinícius a debutat pentru Flamengo Rio de Janeiro pe 13 mai 2017 ca înlocuitor în minutul 82 într-o remiză 1-1 împotriva celor de la Atlético Mineiro. Două zile mai târziu și-a prelungit contractul cu clubul din 2019 până în 2022, cu o creștere semnificativă a salariului și cu o clauză de cumpărare de la 30 de milioane la 45 de milioane de euro. Această reînnoire a contractului a fost raportată ca făcând parte din procesul de transfer al lui Vinícius la Real Madrid, un acord încheiat între cele două cluburi din Gávea în acea săptămână, cu obligația de a vinde tânărul jucător în iulie 2018.

La 10 august 2017, Vinícius a marcat primul gol profesionist al carierei sale într-un meci de la Copa Sudamericana, al doilea meci din etapa a 2-a împotriva lui Palestino, într-o victorie de 5-0 pentru Flamengo. A marcat un gol, după 30 de secunde după ce a fost înlocuit în minutul 72. La 19 august 2017, Vinícius a marcat primele sale goluri in Série A pentru Flamengo, într-o victorie de 2-0 împotriva lui Atlético Goianiense.

Real Madrid
La 23 mai 2017, clubul spaniol Real Madrid a semnat un contract de achiziție a lui Vinícius, efectiv după împlinirea vârstei de 18 ani, la data de 12 iulie 2018 (18 ani este vârsta minimă pentru transferul internațional). El a fost transferat pentru aproximativ 46 milioane de euro.

La 20 iulie 2018, Vinícius a fost prezentat oficial ca jucător al clubului Real Madrid. Și-a făcut debutul pe 29 septembrie, intrând ca înlocuitor în minutul 87 într-o remiză fără goluri împotriva lui Atlético Madrid. Vinícius a făcut parte din primul unsprezece pentru prima dată pe 31 octombrie într-o victorie cu 4-0 în Copa del Rey în deplasare împotriva lui Melilla, contribuind cu pase decisive atât pentru Marco Asensio, cât și pentru Álvaro Odriozola, în ceea ce ziarul sportiv Marca l-a recunoscut ca fiind omul meciului. A marcat primul său gol pe 3 noiembrie, la 10 minute după ce a intrat ca înlocuitor într-o victorie cu 2-0 împotriva lui Real Valladolid. A marcat patru goluri între debutul său din 29 septembrie și 7 februarie 2019. Pe 6 martie, și-a rupt un ligament în timpul unei înfrângeri cu Ajax, care i-a încheiat sezonul.

Pe 11 decembrie 2019, a marcat primul său gol în UEFA Champions League într-o victorie cu 3-1 în deplasare împotriva lui Club Brugge în sezonul 2019-20. La 1 martie 2020, a marcat primul gol într-o victorie cu 2-0 pentru Real în El Clásico împotriva Barcelonei. A făcut 29 de apariții în campionat, în timp ce a marcat trei goluri, deoarece Real Madrid a câștigat La Liga 2019-2020.

Pe 6 aprilie 2021, Vinícius a marcat două goluri într-o victorie cu 3-1 împotriva lui Liverpool în prima manșă a sferturilor de finală a Ligii Campionilor UEFA 2020-21. Real Madrid a avansat în semifinale unde a pierdut în fața eventualei campioane Chelsea.

Vinícius a început sezonul 2021–22 marcând al patrulea gol al lui Real Madrid într-o victorie cu 4–1 în deplasare împotriva lui Alavés în prima etapă a sezonului din La Liga. Pe 22 august, a reușit o dublă într-o remiză 3–3 împotriva lui Levante intrând de pe banca de rezerve, ceea ce ia adus un loc în prima echipă, în fața lui Eden Hazard. Pe 30 octombrie, a marcat de două ori, în timp ce Real Madrid a câștigat cu 2-1 la Elche pentru a ajunge în fruntea clasamentului din La Liga. Golurile au fost al șaselea și al șaptelea din acel sezon și al optulea și al nouălea în general, depășind cifra totală de șase goluri în toate competițiile reușită în sezonul 2020-21 în doar 14 meciuri. Pe 12 mai 2022, a marcat primul său hat-trick pentru Real Madrid într-o victorie cu 6-0 în fața lui Levante.

Pe 28 mai, a marcat singurul gol într-o victorie cu 1-0 împotriva lui Liverpool în finala Ligii Campionilor, pentru a câștiga al 14-lea titlu al Madridului de UEFA Champions League. Vinícius a încheiat sezonul 2021-22 ca al doilea cel mai bun marcator al lui Real Madrid, cu 22 de goluri în toate competițiile, doar în spatele partenerului său de atac Karim Benzema. Pentru performanțele sale, Vinícius a fost numit jucătorul tânăr al sezonului în Liga Campionilor și inclus în echipa sezonului a Ligii Campionilor 2021-22.

Cariera internațională
La 30 octombrie 2015, Vinicius Júnior a fost chemat să evolueze pentru Brazilia de către antrenorul Guilherme Dalla Déa pentru campionatul sub 15 în America de Sud. Vinícius și Brazilia au câștigat titlul de sub 15 ani, iar Vinicius a fost cel de-al doilea marcator al turneului cu 6 goluri.

La 24 iunie 2016, Vinícius a fost chemat pentru un amical împotriva naționalei Chile, înscriind două goluri și  oferind două assist-uri în victoria cu scorul de 4-2

În martie 2017, Vinícius a debutat în campionatul de juniori sub 17 ani pentru Brazilia cu un gol într-o victorie de 3-0 asupra Peru. În etapa finală, a marcat două goluri într-o victorie cu 3-0 împotriva Ecuadorului și două goluri într-o victorie cu 3-0 împotriva Columbiei, asigurând locul Braziliei la Cupa Mondială FIFA U17 din 2017 din India.

După ce a condus Brazilia să câștige Campionatul de Sud-Americani U17, Vinícius Júnior a fost numit cel mai bun jucător al turneului fiind golgheterul acestuia cu 7 goluri.

Stilul de joc
La scurt timp după sosirea la Real, în iulie 2018, jurnalistul Dermot Corrigan l-a descris pe Vinícius drept "un zimbru la stânga sau un al doilea atacant"
Acesta dă dovadă de niște abilități ieșite din comun, tipice unui brazilian autentic.
Nu de puține ori acesta a surprins lumea cu abilitatea lui de a câștiga duelurile 1 VS 1, dar și prin controlul pe care îl deține asupra mingii.

Statistica carierei

Club

Palmares

Club
 Flamengo
 Campeonato Carioca U-13: 2013 (youth)
Copa Guri U-14: 2014 (youth)
Copa Brasil U-15: 2015 (youth)
Campeonato Carioca U-17: 2016 (youth)
Campeonato Carioca – Taça Guanabara: 2018

 Real Madrid
Supercupa Spaniei: 2020
La Liga: 2019-2020
La Liga: 2021-2022
UEFA Champions League: 2021-2022

Note

Sportivi brazilieni în viață
Fotbaliști brazilieni
Fotbaliști internaționali brazilieni
Fotbaliști ai Real Madrid

Vinicius Junior


En Sølvbryllupsdag er en stumfilm fra 1920 instrueret af Lau Lauritzen Sr. efter manuskript af Aage Brodersen.

Eksterne henvisninger

Film instrueret af Lau Lauritzen Sr.
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1920

En Sølvbryllupsdag


Gradaščevići su bošnjačka begovska obitelj iz Gradačca, u Bosni i Hercegovini. Poznati kao bogata obitelj visoka društvena položaja.

Obiteljska povijest

Gradaščevići su se smjestili u Bosanskoj Posavini, prema sultanskom fermanu koji im je dao zemlju i vojne odgovornosti u području. Mjesno stanovništvo znalo ih je kao begove i spahije. Pretpostavlja se da su u Bosnu došli iz Budima. Prvi neosporni poznati po imenu kapetan je Muhamed, čije ime se nalazi na mostarskom mazharu 1730. godine. On je bio sin Ćoso Osman-paše, dok je jedan od Muhamedovih nasljednika na kapetanskoj dužnosti bio Mehmed-kapetan, koji se kao kapetan spominje između 1749. i 1781. godine. Na kapetanskoj dužnosti ga je naslijedio sin Osman-kapetan i to prije 1795. godine. Prema ovome mišljenju, Mehmed‐kapetan je na toj dužnosti ostao gotovo pola stoljeća (najkasnije od 1749. do 1795.). Ovakva mogućnost je postojala, ali je malo vjerojatna.

Preko puta Husejnije džamije u Gradačacu postoji jedan mezar gdje je, prema natpisu na njemu, sahranjen Mehmed‐kapetan, sin Osman‐kapetana Gradačlije godine 1169 h. (1755/56). Na temelju ovoga natpisa, dakle, može se pretpostaviti Muhamed‐kapetan, zapravo Mehmed-kapetan, budući da se često ova dva imena zamjenjuju, te da je nakon smrti ovoga Mehmed‐kapetana 1755/56., a prije Mehmed-kapetana, oca Osman-kapetanova, postojao još jedan kapetan čije ime nije poznato, ali je svakako na kapetanskoj dužnosti mogao biti između 1755/56. i 1765., kada se pojavljuje Mehmed-kapetan koji te godine obnavlja gradačačku utvrdu. Nakon ovoga Mehmed‐kapetana izvjesno je da je kapetansku dužnost obnašao Osman-kapetan, jedan od najmoćnijih bosanskih kapetana. Osman-kapetan je u Modriči obnovio Bijelu džamiju, i u njenoj blizini izgradio veliki han, kao i jednu medresu i pred njom česmu. Jednu je medresu sagradio i u Gračanici.

Nakon njegove smrti 1812. godine naslijedio ga je sin Murat-beg, jer je najstariji sin Hamza-beg umro 1797/98. godine i ukopan je na Pašinom mezarju, na putu za naselje Šehitluci u Gradačcu. Osim Hamza-bega i Murat-bega, Osman-kapetan je imao još sina Osman-bega (1813. je zbog zasluga u ratu protiv Srbije dobio naslov paše), Muharem-bega (umro prije 1821.), Ibrahim-bega (umro 1813, ukopan u haremu Sviračke džamije), Husein-bega (1802. – 1834.) i Bećir-bega (umro 1846/1847. ukopan u haremu Sviračke džamije). Za vrijeme Murat-kapetana završena je izgradnja gradačačke utvrde. Otvrovao ga je Dželaludin-paša 1820. godine. Naslijedio ga je Husein-kapetan koji je bio posljednji gradačački kapetan do 1832. godine. Nakon Velikog bosanskog ustanka, obitelj gubi imovinu i sve povlastice, ali potomstvo Gradaščevića opstaje sve do današnjih dana.

Nekoliko građevina u svezi s Gradaščevićima su nacionalni spomenik Bosne i Hercegovine. To su Bijela kula, sahat-kula, Husejnija džamija, kuća obitelj Gradaščević, harem džamije Reuf-bega Gradaščevića u Gradačcu, Gradaščevića kula u Bijeloj.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Gradačac: Kula Zmaja od Bosne građena je gotovo stotinu godina

Bošnjaci
Gradaščevići

Gradaščevići


Ten, TEN or 10 may refer to:
 10, an even natural number following 9 and preceding 11
 one of the years 10 BC, AD 10, 1910 and 2010
 October, the tenth month of the year

Places
 Mount Ten, in Vietnam
 Tongren Fenghuang Airport (IATA code), China
 TEN Atlantic City, Casino hotel resort in New Jersey

Transportation
 10 (Los Angeles Railway)
 Line 10 (disambiguation), various metro lines

People and characters
 Tussenvoegsel prefix in Dutch surnames
 Jeremy Ten (born 1989), Canadian competitive figure skater
 Sergey Ten (born 1976), Russian politician
 Vicente Ten (born 1966), Spanish politician
 Ten Miyagi (born 2001), Japanese footballer
 Tyler Ten (born 1996), Singaporean actor

Characters
 Ten (Urusei Yatsura), a character from Urusei Yatsura
 Tenshinhan, nicknamed "Ten", a character from Dragon Ball

Art and entertainment

Music
 Ten (singer), a Thai singer and member of South Korean boy group NCT
 Ten (band), a British melodic rock/hard rock band
 Tenuto or Ten., a direction in musical notation
 Ten, the runner-up contestant in the fourth season of the singing competition The Sing-Off
 TEN Music Group, a Swedish record label

Albums
 10 (Enuff Z'nuff album), the 9th studio album by the Rock band Enuff Z'Nuff
 #10 (The Guess Who album), 1973
 10 (Hombres G album), 2007
 10 (Kate Rusby album), 2002
 10 (LL Cool J album), 2002
 10 (New Kids on the Block album), 2013
 10 (MercyMe album),  2009
 10 (The Stranglers album), the tenth studio album from The Stranglers
 10 (Wet Wet Wet album), the seventh studio album by Wet Wet Wet
 10 (Ginger album), a compilation album by The Wildhearts
 10 (Hunter album), 2010
 10 (John Anderson album), 1988
 10 (The Piano Guys album), 2020
 10 (Nikos Oikonomopoulos album), 2017
 10 (Sault album) (also styled "X"), 2022
 Ten (Trooper album), 1991
 Ten (Brian McKnight album), the 8th album by Brian McKnight
 Ten (Clouddead album), 2004
 Ten (Gabriella Cilmi album), 2010
 Ten (Girls Aloud album), 2012
 Ten (Jason Moran album), 2010
 Ten (Pearl Jam album), 1991
 Ten (Ten album), the debut studio album by Ten
 Ten (Y&T album), 1990
 10, an album by Liroy
 10, an album by Johan Johansson
 Ten, an album by Clammbon
 10, an album by Tarkan, 2017
 10 (Spice album), 2021
 10, an album by Westside Gunn, 2022

Songs
 "Ten" (song), a 2010 song by Jewel
 "Ten", a 2004 song by Monika Brodka
"10", a 1998 song by Blonde Redhead from In an Expression of the Inexpressible
"10", a song by Happy Diving

Film

 10 (1979 film), an American romantic comedy
 Ten (2002 film), an Iranian docufiction film
 The Ten (film), a 2007 American anthology comedy film
 Ten (2013 film), a British action drama film
 Ten, a 2014 American action thriller film, retitled Sabotage
 Ten (2014 film), a thriller/horror film
 10 (2022 film), an Indian sports film

Television

 Network 10, an Australian commercial television network
 TEN (TV station), Network 10's flagship station in Sydney
 10 (Southern Cross Austereo), a Network 10 affiliate, owned by Southern Cross Austereo
 The Erotic Network, an American pay-per-view service
 Sony Ten, an Indian pay TV sports network
 10 (miniseries), a 2010 Swiss series about a poker game
 "Ten", an episode of Men Behaving Badly

Literature
 Ten (manga), by Nobuyuki Fukumoto
 TEN: The Enthusiast Network, an American magazine publishing company

Other arts and entertainment
 The Ten or Ten American Painters, an 1897 artist group
 Total Entertainment Network, a mid-1990s online matchmaking service for PC video games

Other uses
 Airwave Ten, an Austrian paraglider design
 Tennessee Titans of the National Football League
 Then language or Ten, a language spoken in Guizhou, China
 Toxic epidermal necrolysis, also known as Lyell's Syndrome, a life-threatening dermatological condition
 Trans-European Networks, a 1992 group formed by the European Union for economic purposes
 Windows 10, an operating system
 ⑩, the Stenhaus-Moser number, also called megiston
 10 Hygiea, an asteroid in the asteroid belt

See also

 010 (disambiguation)
 10s, the decade from 1 Jan 10 AD to 31 Dec 19 AD
 Number 10 (disambiguation)
 Episode 10 (disambiguation)
 Perfect 10 (disambiguation)
 Model 10 (disambiguation)
 Ten. (disambiguation)
 TENS (disambiguation)
 Tenten (disambiguation)
 The Ten (disambiguation)
 X (disambiguation)
 TEN Group (disambiguation)
 Ten Brothers (disambiguation)
 1O (disambiguation)

Ten


The Lockheed MC-130 is the basic designation for a family of special mission aircraft operated by the United States Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), a wing of the Air Education and Training Command, and an AFSOC-gained wing of the Air Force Reserve Command. Based on the Lockheed C-130 Hercules transport, the MC-130s' missions are the infiltration, exfiltration, and resupply of special operations forces, and the air refueling of (primarily) special operations helicopter and tilt-rotor aircraft.

The first of the variants, the MC-130E, was developed to support clandestine special operations missions during the Vietnam War. Eighteen were created by modifying C-130E transports, and four lost through attrition, but the remainder served more than four decades after their initial modification. An update, the MC-130H Combat Talon II, was developed in the 1980s from the C-130H and went into service in the 1990s. Four of the original 24 H-series aircraft have been lost in operations.

The Combat Shadows were built during the Vietnam War for search and rescue operations and repurposed in the 1980s as AFSOC air-refueling tankers; the last of the 24 retired in 2015.

The Combat Spear was developed in 2006 as an inexpensive version of the Combat Talon II but was reconfigured and designated the AC-130W Stinger II in 2012.

The MC-130J, which became operational in 2011, is the new-production variant that is replacing the other special operations MC-130s. As of May 2016, the Air Force has taken delivery of 33 of the planned 37 -J models.

MC-130E Combat Talon

Development
The Combat Talon was developed between December 1964 and January 1967 by Lockheed Air Services (LAS) at Ontario, California, as the result of a study by Big Safari, the USAF's program office that modifies and sustains special mission aircraft. Two highly classified testbed aircraft (originally serial no. 64-0506 and -0507, but with all numbers "sanitized" from the aircraft), were assigned to Project Thin Slice to develop a low-level clandestine penetration aircraft for Special Forces operations in Southeast Asia. In 1964, Lockheed was ordered to adapt the C-130Es after six C-123B Providers modified for "unconventional warfare" under Project Duck Hook proved inadequate for the new MACV-SOG. The modifications under Thin Slice and its August 1966 successor Heavy Chain were code-named Rivet Yard, and the four C-130Es came to be known as "Yards". Discrete modification tests were conducted by the 1198th Operational Evaluation and Training Squadron, out of Area II of Norton AFB at San Bernardino, California, 30 miles east of Ontario.

As the Thin Slice aircraft were being developed, 14 C-130Es were purchased for SOG in 1965 for similar modification. The first aircraft were production C-130Es without specialized equipment that were produced at Lockheed's facility in Marietta, Georgia. Three production airplanes per month were given the Fulton STARS (then ARS) system. While awaiting the ARS equipment, the C-130s were ferried to Greenville, Texas, for painting by Ling-Temco-Vought Electrosystems with a low-radar reflective paint that added 168 kg (370 lbs) to their weight. The velvet black-and-green scheme drew the nickname "Blackbirds". As installation was completed, the Blackbirds were returned to Ontario for installation of the electronics package, code-named Rivet Clamp. The modified aircraft became known as "Clamps" (two of the original 14, 64–0564 and -0565, were diverted to Heavy Chain in August 1966). The aircraft collectively were assigned the designation Combat Talon in 1967.

The Fulton surface-to-air recovery system was used to extract personnel and materials via air. A large helium balloon raised a nylon lift line into the air, which was snagged by a large scissors-shaped yoke attached to the nose of the plane. The yoke snagged the line and released the balloon, yanking the attached cargo off the ground with a shock less than that of an opening parachute. A sky anchor secured the line and wires stretched from the nose to both leading wing tip edges protected the propellers from the line on missed snag attempts. Crew members hooked the snagged line as it trailed behind and attached it to the hydraulic winch, pulling the attached person or cargo into the plane through the rear cargo door.

Following a death on 26 April 1982, at CFB Lahr, Germany, the Fulton STARS system on the Clamp aircraft underwent intense maintenance scrutiny and employment of the system for live pickups was suspended. A major effort at upgrading the system, Project 46, was pursued from 1986 to 1989, but at its conclusion, use of the STARS system for live extractions remained suspended. The Fulton STARS equipment of all Combat Talons was removed during 1998.

Rivet Clamp installation began with four STARS-equipped C-130s completed by March 1966, followed by installations in eight further aircraft in July 1966 and January 1967. The Rivet Clamps, originally designated C-130E(I)sp, were equipped with an electronic and infrared (IR) countermeasures suite; and the SPR2 later the AN/APQ-115 TF/TA multimode radar. This radar, adapted from the Texas Instruments AN/APQ-99 radar used in the RF-4C Phantom photo reconnaissance aircraft, featured terrain following/terrain-avoidance (TF/TA) and mapping radar modes, to enable it to operate at low altitudes at night and in all weather conditions and avoid known enemy radar and anti-aircraft weapons concentrations.

Beginning in 1970, Texas Instruments and Lockheed Air Service worked to adapt the existing AN/APQ-122 Adverse Weather Aerial Delivery System (AWADS) with terrain following/terrain avoidance modes to replace the original APQ-115, which suffered throughout its life with an unacceptably adverse mean-time-between-failure (MTBF) rate. In 1970 they succeeded, and coupled the APQ-122 with the Litton LN-15J Inertial Navigation System (INS). Known as MOD-70, the modified radar was installed in all 12 operational Combat Talons and the four Heavy Chain test beds between 1971 and 1973. The system proved so successful that it continued in service until the late 1980s. Following the completion of MOD-70, the Combat Talons were divided into three designations: C-130E(CT) for the "Clamp" aircraft, C-130E(Y) for the "Yank" (formerly "Yard") Talons, and C-130E(S) for the "Swap". The Combat Talon I designations were consolidated in 1977 as the MC-130 and have remained under that designation since. The Combat Talon became the Combat Talon I in 1984 with the authorization for the modification of 24 C-130Hs to Combat Talon II specifications.

The "Yank" Talons conducted top secret operations worldwide, under the project name Combat Sam, until late 1972. Two of the original "Clamps" were lost in combat in Southeast Asia and were replaced by two C-130Es (64-0571 and −0572). These remained as Combat Talons until 1972, when Heavy Chain was gradually discontinued and its four "Yank" aircraft were integrated into the Combat Talon force. The two original Thin Slice aircraft were given the serials of two destroyed C-130s, 62-1843 and 63-7785 respectively, to disguise their classified origins. The replacements had their modifications removed and returned to airlift duties, although known as "Swaps", they remained available for future Combat Talon use. Both eventually became Combat Talons again after further losses in the Combat Talon inventory.

Capability to act as a Forward Area Refueling Point (FARP) for helicopters on the ground was begun in 1980 in preparation for Operation Eagle Claw (see below), although only one system could be installed before the mission was executed. The refueling system consists of two palletized 6,800 L (1,800 gal) tanks (known as Benson tanks) mounted on rails within the Talon that tie into the C-130's own pressurized fuel dumping pumps and require no further equipment.

A major modification between 1986 and 1994, MOD-90, modernized the capability and serviceability of the Talon I to extend its service life. All 14 Combat Talon Is were equipped with upgraded navigational radars, an enhanced electronic warfare suite and provided new outer wings. By 1995 all Combat Talon Is were equipped with helicopter-air refueling pods.

Southeast Asia operations
The aircraft received for modification as Combat Talons were assigned in July 1965 to the 464th Troop Carrier Wing at Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina. Because of a lack of ramp space caused by the buildup of forces for deployment to South Vietnam, they were temporarily housed at Sewart Air Force Base, Tennessee. The wing's 779th TCS was designated as the training squadron for the modified C-130E(I)s, under Project Skyhook, in addition to its normal airlift function. Selected crew members received instructor training in their respective systems and returned to Pope by 1 May to begin crew training of six crews for deployment to Vietnam under Project Stray Goose.

The Combat Talon I first saw operational action in the Vietnam War, beginning 1 September 1966. The six Stray Goose crews deployed to Ching Chuan Kang Air Base, Taiwan, and forward deployed to Nha Trang Air Base, South Vietnam. The deployment, known as Combat Spear, preceded operational deployment of other Combat Talons to Europe (Combat Arrow) and the United States (Combat Knife).

Combat Spear was administratively assigned as Detachment 1, 314th Troop Carrier Wing, but was operationally controlled by MACV-SOG. On 9 October 2009, Detachment 1, 314th Troop Carrier Wing received the Presidential Unit Citation for its support of MACV-SOG activities. Chief of Staff of the Air Force General Norton A. Schwartz presented the award to the unit during a ceremony at Hurlburt Field, culminating a six-year campaign by former Stray Goose member Richard H. Sell to achieve the recognition after the unit was not included in a PUC awarded 4 April 2001, to MACV-SOG for the same period.

On 15 March 1968, the detachment was designated the 15th Air Commando Squadron, and then the 15th Special Operations Squadron on 1 August 1968, and made part of the 14th Special Operations Wing. In Vietnam, the aircraft was used to drop leaflets over North Vietnamese positions, and to insert and resupply special forces and indigenous units into hostile territory throughout Southeast Asia. Combat Talon crews operated unescorted at low altitudes and at night.

By 1970 twelve Combat Talons were operational in three units of four aircraft each:
 7th Special Operations Squadron, Ramstein Air Base, Germany;
 15th Special Operations Squadron, Nha Trang Air Base, South Vietnam; and
 Detachment 2, 1st Special Operations Wing, Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina, (redesignated 318th SOS in 1971 and 8th SOS in 1974).

The 15th SOS was redesignated the 90th SOS on 23 October 1970, relocated to Cam Ranh Bay Air Base, then moved to Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, in April 1972 as part of the drawdown of U.S. forces in Vietnam. It was again redesignated, becoming the 1st SOS on 15 December 1972, and began transition from the "Clamp" to the "Yank" variant.

Kingpin

Two Combat Talons were employed as navigation escorts and for airborne control during Operation Kingpin, the operational phase of the attempted rescue of prisoners of war from Son Tay prison camp in North Vietnam on 21 November 1970. 64-0523 was drawn from the 15th SOS at Nha Trang and 64-0558 from Det. 2, 1st SOW at Pope AFB. The aircraft were modified at LAS Ontario with installation of FL-2B FLIR sets borrowed from the Heavy Chain project to compensate for difficulties in terrain-following created by the slow speeds necessitated by the mixed aircraft force.

24 primary and five backup crew personnel, all Stray Goose/Combat Spear veterans detached from 7th SOS (Combat Arrow) and 1st SOW (Combat Knife), developed helicopter-fixed wing formation procedures for low level night missions and jointly trained with selected Special Forces volunteers at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. Between the end of August and 28 September 1970, Talon, helicopter, and A-1 Skyraider crews supervised by Combat Talon Program Manager Lt. Col. Benjamin N. Kraljev rehearsed the flight profile in terrain-following missions over southern Alabama, flying 368 sorties that totalled more than 1,000 hours. A month of intensive joint training with the Special Forces rescue force followed at a replica of the prison camp.

In early November the task force deployed to Takhli Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand. The 24 primary crew members, a 7th SOS crew (Cherry 01) under Major Irl L. "Leon" Franklin and a 1st SOW crew (Cherry 02) commanded by Lt Col Albert P. "Friday" Blosch, conducted the mission, which was successfully executed without loss of any personnel. However the operation failed when the prison was found not to contain any prisoners.

Post-Vietnam developments
In 1974 the Combat Talon program was nearly dismantled as the Air Force sought to reverse its Vietnam emphasis on special operations. The 1st Special Operations Wing was redesignated the 834th Tactical Composite Wing and its Combat Talons of the 8th SOS became a TAC asset. However the use of 1st SOS "Yank" Talons in a sea surveillance role off North Korea in 1975 revived interest in the Combat Talon, as did the Israeli hostage rescue at Entebbe Airport. The same year, a Combat Talon of the 1st Special Operations Wing was deployed in support of US Marines forces on Koh Tang island during the Mayaguez incident, dropping a single BLU-82 6,800 kg (15,000 lb) bomb to enable their extraction. However, as late as 1978–79, Air Force Special Operations Forces was still disregarded by many staff planners, who saw it as a drain on resources and not a force enabler, and wanted the entire Talon force transferred to the Air National Guard. In early 1977 the Combat Talon was redesignated MC-130E by Headquarters Air Force for all three variants of the aircraft.

By November 1979, the Combat Talon force of 14 MC-130Es was divided among three squadrons, the first two of which were operationally deployed, and the third at Hurlburt essentially the force training squadron:
 1st Special Operations Squadron, Kadena Air Base, Okinawa – (four MC-130 Yanks);
 7th Special Operations Squadron, Ramstein Air Base, Germany – (four MC-130 Clamps); and
 8th Special Operations Squadron, Hurlburt Field, Florida – (six MC-130 Clamps).

Eagle Claw

Following the seizure of the U.S. embassy in Tehran, Iran, on 4 November 1979, training operations for a rescue mission of the 53 hostages began as early as 7 November by Talon crews at Kadena AB, and 26 November by crews at Hurlburt. At that time only seven Combat Talons had the in-flight refueling capability necessary for the mission, which was to be mounted out of either Egypt or Diego Garcia (Masirah Island did not become available as a base until April 1980). All were assigned to the operation, a complex two-night plan called Eagle Claw. Talon crews using night vision goggles practiced blacked-out landings to insert Delta Force operators and U.S. Army Rangers deep into Iran, and developed several methods for delivering extra fuel for the US Navy RH-53D Sea Stallion helicopters chosen to carry out the rescued hostages. Four transcontinental, all-component, two-night rehearsals were held between December 1979 and March 1980, including a full-scale rehearsal 25–26 March that involved every element of the final plan except three EC-130s chosen to fly in fuel for the helicopters.

The four Talons (including a spare) of the 1st SOS staged to Masirah Island off the coast of Oman on 19 April 1980, to lead the Night One infiltration phase, while the three of the 8th SOS deployed to Wadi Qena, Egypt, on 21 April to lead the Night Two exfiltration phase. To establish a "normal" C-130 presence in Egypt, Talons of the 7th SOS (none of which had aerial refueling capability) conducted regular flights using Military Airlift Command call signs in and out of Wadi Qena between 2 January and 8 April 1980. They also used the deception to discreetly pre-position needed equipment, including ammunition for AC-130 gunships, at the staging base. The Talon crews also manned three borrowed EC-130E ABCCC aircraft configured to carry 68,100 L (18,000 U.S. gal) of jet fuel in six collapsible bladders for refueling the helicopters. After returning to Masirah, three of the 8th SOS Night One crews would be flown to Wadi Qena to carry out the Night Two mission.

The first phase of the rescue mission began the evening of 24 April, led by Lt Col Robert L. Brenci of the 8th SOS in Talon 64-0565, Dragon 1.  The 1st SOS Talons successfully secured the forward operating location ("Desert One") in the Iranian Desert, but the helicopter portion of the mission ended in disaster. Although the mission was an embarrassing failure costing eight lives, seven helicopters, and an EC-130E aircraft in a ground accident, the MC-130s performed nearly flawlessly. Planning initiatives for a second rescue attempt, under the project name Honey Badger, began two weeks after the failed raid and continued through November. Combat Talon participation in Honey Badger amounted largely to tactics development, but ECM improvements included chaff and flare dispensers and new ALR-69 threat receivers that improved its defensive countermeasures capability well beyond that existing prior to Eagle Claw.

Urgent Fury

Five Combat Talons of the 8th Special Operations Squadron participated in Operation Urgent Fury, the United States invasion of Grenada between 25 and 31 October 1983. Unlike previous operations that involved months of planning, training, and reconnaissance, the 8th SOS prepared in less than 72 hours after being alerted. Its assignment was to insert Rangers of the 1st and 2nd Ranger Battalions at night to capture Point Salines International Airport, defended by both Cuban and Grenadan troops, in the opening moments of the operation. The five Talons divided into three elements, two of them leading formations of Special Operations Low Level-equipped (SOLL) C-130 transports.

In clouds at  above the sea and  west of its objective, the lead Talon (64-0562) experienced a complete failure of its APQ-122 radar. Reorganization of the mission formations delayed the operation for 30 minutes, during which U.S. Marines made their amphibious landing. To compound the lack of surprise, the U.S. Department of State, apparently in a good faith but inept diplomatic gesture, contacted Cuban authorities and compromised the mission, further alerting the defenses, including a dozen ZU-23-2 antiaircraft guns. An AC-130 Spectre gunship, directed to observe the main runway for obstructions, reported it blocked by construction equipment and barricades. Loadmasters aboard the inbound Combat Talons reconfigured them for a parachute drop in less than thirty minutes.

Talon 64-0568, flown as Foxtrot 35 by 8th SOS commander Lt Col James L. Hobson and with the commander of the Twenty-Third Air Force, Maj Gen William J. Mall, Jr., aboard as a passenger, combat-dropped runway clearing teams from the Ranger Battalions on the airport, despite being targeted by a searchlight and under heavy AAA fire. Two Spectre gunships suppressed the AAA so that the other Combat Talons and the SOLL C-130s could complete the parachute drop of the Rangers, with the only damage to the Talons being three hits by small arms fire to 64–0572. For his actions, Hobson was awarded the MacKay Trophy in 1984.

Other Combat Talon operations

Just Cause

Talons supported Operation Just Cause, the United States invasion of Panama in December 1989 and January 1990. Three MC-130Es of the 1st Special Operations Wing deployed to Hunter Army Air Field, Georgia within 48 hours of being alerted, then airlanded Rangers of the 2nd Battalion 75th Ranger Regiment into Rio Hato Military Airfield on 18 December 1989. The operation was conducted under total blackout conditions, using night vision goggles, 35 minutes after the opening parachute assault. One of the MC-130s had an engine disabled by a ground obstruction while taxiing, then made an NVG takeoff on three engines under intense ground fire, earning its pilot the Distinguished Flying Cross. The lead Talon, the only MC-130E equipped with the Benson tank refueling system, remained on the airfield as a Forward Area Refueling and Rearming Point (FARRP) for U.S. Army OH-6 helicopters. When Panamanian General Manuel Noriega surrendered on 3 January, he was immediately flown to Homestead Air Force Base, Florida, by a Combat Talon.

Desert Storm

The 1990 invasion of Kuwait by Iraq resulted in the deployment of four Combat Talons and six crews of the 8th SOS in August 1990 to King Fahd International Airport in Saudi Arabia as a component of Operation Desert Shield. During Operation Desert Storm, the combat phase of the Gulf War in January and February 1991, the Combat Talon performed one-third of all airdrops during the campaign, and participated in psychological operations, flying 15 leaflet-drop missions before and throughout the war. Combat Talon crews also conducted five BLU-82B "Daisy Cutter" missions during the two weeks preceding the onset of the ground campaign, dropping 11 bombs on Iraqi positions at night from altitudes between  and , once in concert with a bombardment by the battleship USS Wisconsin.

Two 7th SOS Talons deployed to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey, as part of Operation Proven Force. They supported the first Joint Search and Rescue mission over Iraq, attempting to recover the crew of Corvette 03, a downed F-15E Strike Eagle. However permission from the Turkish government to fly the mission was delayed for 24 hours, and the crew was not recovered.

Air Force Reserve Command
On 6 October 1995, the Air Force began shifting the Combat Talon I force with the transfer of MC-130E, AF Ser. No. 64-0571, to the Air Force Reserve Command's 919th Special Operations Wing, 711th Special Operations Squadron, based at Duke Field (Eglin AFB Auxiliary Field #3), Florida.  The 919th had previously flown the AC-130A Spectre in the gunship / close air support mission, and the increasing age of the AC-130A aircraft necessitated their retirement.

Six MC-130E aircraft went to the 711th SOS over the next year for crew training, and the squadron became operational on 1 March 1997. On 5 March 1999, the 8th Special Operations Squadron became the first active force squadron to become an Associate Unit to an Air Reserve Component organization, co-located with the 711th SOS, but without aircraft of its own, flying those of the reserve unit. Ten of the Combat Talon Is were primary assigned aircraft (PAA), two were assigned to crew training, and two were placed in backup inventory aircraft (BIA) storage.

A Combat Talon I was the first aircraft to land at New Orleans International Airport after Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. On 14 July 2006, the 8th SOS flew its last Combat Talon I mission and began conversion to the CV-22 Osprey, ending 41 years of active service for the MC-130E Combat Talon I.  Although retired from the Regular Air Force, the MC-130E continued to remain in service with the Air Force Reserve Command's 919th Special Operations Wing.

Retirement
The MC-130E Combat Talon I has been replaced by the MC-130J Commando II, which has the capability to complete missions faster and more efficiently than its MC-130H Combat Talon II and MC-130P Combat Shadow counterparts. Recapitalization was a stated priority of Lt Gen Donald C. Wurster, former commander of Air Force Special Operations Command. Only eight MC-130E aircraft were still active in 2009, and four in 2013.  On 15 April 2013, the four MC-130Es took off on their final mission. The MC-130E Combat Talon I was finally retired on 25 April 2013 in ceremonies at Duke Field. Three of the aircraft were then flown to the 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group at Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona, while the fourth aircraft, AF Ser. No. 64-0523 (nicknamed "Godfather") was flown to Cannon AFB, New Mexico on 22 June 2012, for eventual display at that base's airpark. The retirement date marked the 33rd anniversary of the Desert One, the mission to free American hostages in Iran, of which several MC-130Es were a part.

MC-130H Combat Talon II

Combat Talon II Development

Credible Sport

One of the measures considered for a second hostage rescue attempt in Iran was a project to develop a "Super STOL" aircraft, to be flown by Combat Talon crews, that would use a soccer stadium near the US Embassy as an improvised landing field. Called Credible Sport, the project acquired three C-130H transports from an airlift unit in late August 1980, one as a test bed and two for the mission, and quickly modified them.

Designated the XFC-130H, the aircraft were fitted with 30 maneuvering rockets in five sets: eight firing forward to stop the aircraft, eight downward to slow its descent, eight rearward for takeoff assist, four on the wings to stabilize them during takeoff transition, and two at the rear of the tail to prevent it from striking the ground because of over-rotation. Other STOL features included a dorsal and two ventral fins on the rear fuselage, double-slotted flaps and extended ailerons, a new radome, a tailhook for landing aboard an aircraft carrier, and Combat Talon avionics, including a TF/TA radar, a defensive countermeasures suite, and a Doppler radar/GPS tie-in to the aircraft's inertial navigation system.

Of the three aircraft, only one received full modification. The program abruptly ended when one crashed during testing on 29 October 1980; international events soon rendered another rescue attempt moot.

Testing and delivery

One of the two surviving Credible Sport airframes, 74-1686, became the YMC-130H test bed for the next generation of Combat Talons, under the project name Credible Sport II. Phase I testing, conducted between 24 August and 11 November 1981, identified design deficiencies in the airframe and determined that the Credible Sport configuration did not have the safety margins necessary for peacetime operations. Phase II testing began 15 June 1982, continued through October 1982, and determined that the final Combat Talon II configuration, with significant improvements in design, avionics, and equipment, was ready for production.

The initial purchase was authorized in 1982 at 12 aircraft, even though war-fighting requirements were estimated at more than 100, but was cut from funding until 1984. In 1983, USAF Special Operations Forces were transferred to the Military Airlift Command, seen as another move by USAF to divest itself of its special operations role. Creation of the 23rd Air Force reinforced that perception; SOF represented less than 35% of its personnel and virtually none of its headquarters staff, dominated by the "rescue community". However, the moves did remove the Combat Talon program from three fighter-oriented commands to a single command where promotion cycles were more favorable.

In 1983, MAC established a Special Operations Force Master Plan that called for 21 Combat Talon IIs, including two attrition backups, with initial operational capability in the third quarter of 1987 and full delivery by 1991. The first Combat Talon II, 83-1212, was delivered in June 1984, but an earlier decision by USAF not to equip it with the navigational radar suite of the MC-130E slowed its development for years. In the meantime, Initiative 17, part of the "31 Initiatives" agreement between the Army and Air Force in May 1984, was deferred later that year (and eventually killed) after objections from members of Congress who saw it as a divestiture of the SOF role by the Air Force. As a result, the Air Force cut procurement of new HH-60D Nighthawk combat rescue aircraft from its budget requests—further delaying the Combat Talon II program, whose glass cockpit and integrated avionics systems were tied, for cost reasons, to those of the HH-60D.

Five Combat Talon IIs were delivered in 1985 but the problem of acquiring a navigation radar had not been resolved (the APQ-122 was no longer being built). IBM was contracted to develop a new terrain following/avoidance radar, who then subcontracted the task to Emerson Electric Company. The resulting radar performed so poorly that the Combat Talon II was nearly cancelled, but special operations advocates in Congress kept the program alive. Ultimately the AN/APQ-170(V)8 radar was developed into a system that exceeded specifications, but at a large cost overrun and with a further three-year delay in the Combat Talon II becoming operational. Deliveries in 1987, 1988, and 1989 brought the inventory to 18 aircraft, but all were still in modification, testing, or long term storage.

Operations 1993–2000
The first fully operational MC-130H Combat Talon II (87-0024) was received by the 8th SOS on 29 June 1991, with three others delivered over the summer. The official acceptance ceremony for the Talon II was held at Hurlburt in October, and by December 1991 the 8th SOS was equipped with six. The Combat Talon II features a stronger airframe and modifications to the rear and aft cargo doors. The electronics suite has been upgraded, and includes Global Positioning System navigation, special radars for navigating in adverse weather, and night vision goggles (NVG) capability. These new technologies allow the Combat Talon II to fly as low as  above ground level (AGL) in inclement weather, and make faster, more accurate airdrops. The MC-130H Combat Talon II, like the MC-130E Combat Talon I, can perform a variety of mission profiles, from daytime mid-level overwater flight and Jumpmaster Directed (JMD) personnel airdrop to night-time adverse weather terrain-following flight in mountainous terrain supporting airdrop and airland to covert and clandestine objectives.  Increases in automation reduced the aircrew by two and allowed the Combat Talon II to carry an additional pallet of cargo when compared to the Combat Talon I. Initial Operational capability was reached on 30 June 1993.

Three MC-130H Combat Talon IIs of the 7th SOS were deployed in December 1995 to deliver peacekeeping forces to Tuzla and Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, as part of Operation Joint Endeavor, during which one Talon was hit by ground fire. The first combat deployment of a Combat Talon II was on 8 April 1996, during Operation Assured Response. Special operations forces were deployed to Liberia to assist in the evacuation of 2000 civilians from the American embassy when the country broke down into civil war. However orders to combat drop an 18-man SEAL team off Monrovia were rescinded and the mission landed in Sierra Leone. Similar circumstances brought the Combat Talon II to Zaire in 1997.

Talon II deployments for joint exercises in 1997 included Australia, Guam, Indonesia, South Korea, and Thailand. In July 1997, three Talon IIs deployed to Thailand as part of Operation Bevel Edge, a proposed rescue of 1000 American citizens trapped in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, by a possible civil war, but the crisis ended when the Cambodian government allowed all non-citizens who desired so to leave by commercial air. A 7th SOS Combat Talon II aircrew, Whiskey 05, earned the Mackay Trophy for an embassy evacuation mission in the Republic of the Congo in June 1997. The crew rescued thirty Americans and twenty-six foreign nationals, and logged twenty-one hours of flight time.

Full Operational Capability for the Talon II was reached in February 2000. At that time 24 MC-130Hs were deployed to four squadrons:
 15th Special Operations Squadron, eleven at Hurlburt Field, Florida;
 1st Special Operations Squadron, five at Kadena AB, Okinawa;
 7th Special Operations Squadron, five at RAF Mildenhall, U.K.; and
 550th Special Operations Squadron, three at Kirtland AFB, New Mexico.

Operations in Southwest Asia

Afghanistan
On the night of 19–20 October 2001, four Combat Talon IIs infiltrated a task force of 199 Rangers of the 3rd Battalion 75th Ranger Regiment and tactical PSYOP teams 658 miles inside Taliban-held Afghanistan. The force dropped onto Objective Rhino (), an unused airfield in Kandahar Province  southwest of Kandahar, to secure a landing zone as a temporary operating base for Special Forces units conducting raids in the vicinity.

A month later, two MC-130Hs, flying from Masirah Island, inserted a platoon of U.S. Navy SEAL Team Three and four Humvee vehicles to within ten miles of the same airfield on the night of 20–21 November. The SEAL platoon was inserted to establish an observation post at the airstrip, then assist two USAF combat controllers inserted by military free fall in preparing a landing zone for the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit. The 15th MEU landed in CH-53 helicopters on 25 November 2001, and established Camp Rhino, the first forward operating base in Afghanistan for United States forces.

Combat Talon IIs of the 7th SOS, augmented by crews from the 15th and 550th SOSs, flew 13- to 15-hour airdrop and airlanding night resupply missions from Incirlik Air Base, Turkey, to Special Forces Operational Detachments-Alpha (ODAs) in Afghanistan during the opening phase of Operation Enduring Freedom in December 2001. Operating in mountainous terrain, they innovated an airdrop tactic by replicating maximum-effort landing techniques to rapidly descend from  to  AGL to ensure accurate gravity drops after clearing high ridgelines into deep valleys.

Iraq

The 7th SOS, commanded by Lt Col Mark B. Alsid and part of the 352d Special Operations Group, received the Gallant Unit Citation in 2006 for operations conducted during Operation Iraqi Freedom between 12 February and 12 May 2003. The 7th SOS was tasked to Joint Special Operations Task Force – North, known as Task Force Viking, whose objective was to hold 13 Iraqi Army divisions along the "Green Line" in northeastern Iraq to prevent those divisions from reinforcing other Iraqi operations against United States forces invading from Kuwait. Forward-based at Constanţa, Romania, its primary mission was to infiltrate the 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the Army's 10th Special Forces Group and the 3rd Battalion of the 3rd Special Forces Group into Kurdish-held territory in preparation for Operation Northern Delay. Denied permission by Turkey to fly into Iraq from its airspace, the 7th SOS flew the first 280 troops on a circuitous path around Turkey to a base in Jordan on 20–21 March 2003.

On 22 March, six Combat Talon IIs (four from the 7th SOS) infiltrated 16 ODAs, four ODBs, battalion command elements, and Air Force Combat Control Teams to complete the fifteen-hour mission, the longest in U.S. Special Operations history. The insertion profile consisted of a four and one-half-hour low level flight at night through western and northern Iraq to Bashur and Sulaymaniyah airfields, often taking heavy ground fire from the integrated air defenses. The Talon IIs, at emergency gross weight limits, operated blacked-out, employed chaff and electronic countermeasures, flew as low as  AGL, and carried their troops tethered to the floor of the cargo holds. Three of the Talons were battle-damaged, with one forced to seek permission to land at Incirlik Air Base. The operation became known informally as "Operation Ugly Baby". Major Jason L. Hanover was individually honored for commanding a mission that seized two austere airstrips during the operation. After airlanding their troops, the Talon IIs then had to fly back through the alerted defenses to recover to their launching point.

Overflight permission was granted by Turkey on 23 March, and the Combat Talon IIs delivered a total of 50 ODAs into Iraq. The Talon IIs then resupplied Task Force Viking, assisted in operations to capture Kirkuk and Mosul, airlanded supplies at remote outposts using Internal Airlift Slingable Container Units (ISUs), and acted as pathfinders for conventional C-130 airlift missions.

MC-130H Retirement
On April 2, 2023, the United States Air Force retired its last MC-130H Combat Talon II, tail number 89-0280, after delivering the aircraft to the "Boneyard" at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base in Arizona. The retirement of the aircraft was witnessed by members of the Talon community, including former crew members and their families, who gathered at Hurlburt Field to see the plane take off for the last time.

The MC-130H was a special operations aircraft that had been in service for more than three decades, performing a variety of missions including infiltration, exfiltration, resupply of special operations forces and equipment, and air refueling operations. The aircraft had played a vital role in AFSOC operations since its arrival in Hurlburt Field in 1992. Its highlights included evacuations of non-combatant Americans and other civilians from conflicts in Liberia in 1996 and the Republic of Congo in 1997. It also participated in combat operations in the Balkans during Operation Allied Force and was used extensively in combat and humanitarian operations worldwide, including operations Enduring Freedom and Inherent Resolve, Resolute Support, Tomodachi in Japan, Unified Response in Haiti, and Sahayogi Haat in Nepal.

The MC-130H was replaced by the MC-130J Commando II. Lt. Gen. Tony Bauernfeind, commander of Air Force Special Operations Command, a former commander of the 15th SOS and MC-130H pilot, was on board the aircraft to help deliver it to its final destination and made it a priority to take part in the final flight. After the six-hour flight to Davis-Monthan, the aircrew, including Bauernfeind and 15th SOS Commander Lt. Col. Adam Schmidt, took photos with the aircraft and signed their names on the aircraft's nose.

MC-130P Combat Shadow

The MC-130P series of aircraft entered service in 1965 during the Vietnam War as HC-130H CROWN airborne controllers to locate downed aircrew and direct Combat Search and Rescue operations over North Vietnam. After tanker equipment was added to 11 HC-130Hs, they entered service as HC-130P SAR command and control/helicopter aerial refueling aircraft in November 1966. Combat Shadows have been part of the Air Force special operations force since 1986. In February 1996, AFSOC's 28-aircraft tanker fleet was redesignated the MC-130P, aligning the variant with other M-series special operations mission aircraft.

Combat Shadows provided air refueling support in Panama to Army and Air Force helicopters during Operation Just Cause. In 1990, four Combat Shadows of the 9th Special Operations Squadron deployed to King Fahd International Airport, Saudi Arabia for Desert Storm, and three of the 67th Special Operations Squadron to Batman Air Base, Turkey for Proven Force. Since the Gulf War, the MC-130P has been involved in numerous operations, including Northern Watch and Southern Watch (Iraq), Deny Flight (Yugoslavia), Restore Democracy and Uphold Democracy (Haiti), Deliberate Force and Joint Endeavor (Bosnia), Assured Response (Liberia), Guardian Retrieval (Zaire), Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan) and Iraqi Freedom.

The Combat Shadow flew single or multi-ship low-level air refueling missions for special operations helicopters conducting infiltration, exfiltration, and supply missions, with command and control capability in limited situations. The primary emphasis for Combat Shadows was on night operations using NVGs, to reduce probability of visual acquisition and intercept by airborne threats.

The last two AFSOC MC-130Ps were retired on 15 May 2015. However, four MC-130P aircraft continue to be flown by the 129th Rescue Wing (129 RQW) of the California Air National Guard.  Although the MC-130P was ostensibly an AFSOC aircraft, the examples still flown by the 129 RQW are part of a rescue squadron assigned to a combat search and rescue/personnel recovery (CSAR / PR) mission and are therefore operationally-gained by the Air Combat Command (ACC) versus AFSOC. These MC-130P aircraft will eventually be replaced by the HC-130J Combat King II.

MC-130W Combat Spear

The MC-130W Combat Spear, unofficially and facetiously nicknamed the "Combat Wombat", performed clandestine or low visibility missions into denied areas to provide aerial refueling to SOF helicopters or to air drop small SOF teams and supply bundles.

The first of 12 MC-130Ws, AF Ser. No. 87-9286, was presented to Air Force Special Operations Command on 28 June 2006. The aircraft was developed to supplement the MC-130 Combat Talon and Combat Shadow forces as an interim measure after several training accidents and contingency losses in supporting the Global War on Terrorism. The program modified C-130H-2 airframes from the 1987–1990 production run, acquired from airlift units in the Air Force Reserve Command and Air National Guard. Use of the H-2 airframe allowed installation of SOF systems already configured for Combat Talons without expensive and time-consuming development that would be required of new production C-130J aircraft, reducing the flyaway cost of the Spear to $60 million per aircraft. The Combat Spears, however, do not have a Terrain Following/Terrain Avoidance capability.

A standard system of special forces avionics equips the MC-130W: a fully integrated Global Positioning System and Inertial Navigation System, an AN/APN-241 Low Power Color weather/navigation radar; interior and exterior NVG-compatible lighting; advanced threat detection and automated countermeasures, including active infrared countermeasures as well as chaff and flares; upgraded communication suites, including dual satellite communications using data burst transmission to make trackback difficult; aerial refueling capability; and the ability to act as an aerial tanker for helicopters and CV-22 Osprey aircraft using Mk 32B-902E refueling pods.

The MC-130Ws were assigned to the 73rd Special Operations Squadron at Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico, with all twelve operational by 2010. Initially nicknamed the "Whiskey" (NATO phonetic for the "W" modifier), the MC-130W was officially dubbed the Combat Spear in May 2007 to honor the historical legacy of the Combat Talons in Vietnam.

MC-130W Dragon Spear
Operational demands on aging AC-130s led the Air Force to seek a replacement until new AC-130Js could enter the fleet. A first idea—acquire and develop an AC-27J Stinger II—fell through, so in May 2009, the Air Force began looking at converting MC-130Ws into interim gunships. On 17 November 2009, a contract was awarded to Alliant Techsystems to produce 30 mm ammunition for the Dragon Spear.

In September 2010, the Air Force awarded a $61 million contract to L-3 Communications to give a gunship-like attack capability to eight MC-130W Combat Spear special-mission aircraft. Under the deal, L-3 added the weapons kits, called "precision strike packages". MC-130Ws fitted with the weapons were renamed Dragon Spears. Air Force Special Operations Command eventually converted all 12 MC-130W aircraft to Dragon Spears.

The Dragon Spears were equipped with a Bushmaster II GAU-23/A 30mm gun (an improved version of the MK44 MOD0 30mm gun), sensors, communications systems, and the Gunslinger precision-guided munitions system: a launch tube designed to fire up to 10 GBU-44/B Viper Strike or AGM-176 Griffin small standoff munitions in quick succession. Initial supplemental funds to the 2010 Defense Authorization Bill were for two kits to be installed in 2010.

The MC-130W Dragon Spear went from concept to flying with a minimum capability in less than 90 days, and from concept to deployment in 18 months. Its success won its program the William J. Perry Award, and it became the model for the AC-130J gunship program.

The first partially converted MC-130W arrived in Afghanistan in late 2010.  It fired its first weapon one month after arriving, killing five enemy combatants with a Hellfire missile. In May 2012 the Dragon Spear was redesignated the AC-130W Stinger II. By September 2013, 14 aircraft had been converted into gunships.  The conversion added a sensor package consisting of day/night video cameras with magnification capability.

MC-130J Commando II

Beginning in 1997, studies of the vulnerability of the non-stealthy MC-130 force reflected concerns about its viability in modern high-threat environments, including the prevalence of man-portable air-defense systems in asymmetric conflicts. At least two studies were conducted or proposed to explore the prospect of a replacement aircraft (known variously as "MC-X" or "M-X"), with USAF at that time hoping for an Initial Operating Capability date of 2018. One analyst questioned the survivability of slow non-stealthy platforms such as the MC-130 in future threat environments in a 2007 presentation to the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and stated his opinion that development of a stealthy replacement for the MC-130 is a "strategic priority". The U.S. Department of Defense's 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review Report also recognized the concern, asserting DoD's intention to "enhance capabilities to support SOF insertion and extraction into denied areas from strategic distances."

Despite these concerns, the USAF decided to proceed with modernization of the current force. The Air Force stated it is to build 37 MC-130Js to replace its MC-130Es and MC-130Ps, both of which were 40 years old. Based on the KC-130J tanker operated by the United States Marine Corps, the new MC-130J has added features for both combat search and rescue and special operations missions, introducing major modifications to the Block 6.5 KC-130J. The MC-130J adds an Enhanced Service Life Wing, an Enhanced Cargo Handling System, a Universal Aerial Refueling Receptacle Slipway Installation (UARRSI) boom refueling receptacle, more powerful electrical generators, an electro-optical/infrared sensor, a combat systems officer (CSO) station on the flight deck, provisions for the Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasures System, and armor.

Production of the first MC-130J aircraft was started at Lockheed Martin's facility in Marietta, Georgia, on 5 October 2009.  Lockheed Martin also contracted to build an HC-130J tanker variant for Air Force Special Operations Command on its standard C-130J production line. The MC-130J is the first C-130 specifically built for special operations, making it lighter and more efficient. Most special operations aircraft are modified after production to accommodate special operations missions. The MC-130J was initially called the Combat Shadow II to honor the service of the aging MC-130P platform that it was replacing but was officially named the Commando II in March 2012.

The Air Force Special Operations Training Center conducted the initial MC-130J training program in conjunction with the Pennsylvania Air National Guard's 193rd Special Operations Wing, using its four EC-130J Commando Solo aircraft to develop the training syllabus for MC-130J aircrew members. The MC-130J operates with a 5-member crew, eliminating the CSO navigator and the enlisted flight engineer positions that had been in the Combat Shadow's crew, with the remaining CSO handling electronic warfare as well as the navigation and aerial refueling duties formerly conducted by the navigator and flight engineer. The 415th Special Operations Squadron, a unit of the 58th Operations Group at Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, was reactivated on 22 September 2011 as the main training unit for both MC-130J and HC-130J Combat King II crews.

The 522nd Special Operations Squadron was the first unit to operate the MC-130J Commando II, and achieved Initial Operational Capability in 2012. The first MC-130J, AF Ser. No. 09-6207, undertook its initial test flight on 22 April 2011. The 522nd Special Operations Squadron received its first MC-130J in late September 2011.

A total of 37 MC-130J aircraft are programmed to replace all other MC-130 variants by the end of the fiscal year 2017. MC-130Js completely replaced Combat Talons at RAF Mildenhall in 2014 and began replacing those at Kadena AB in 2015. 20 were in service in FY 2015 with seven additional airframes in production. On 26 October 2019, MC-130J Commando II special mission aircraft accompanied Joint Special Operations Command 160th SOAR MH-60 and MH-47s, which carried 1st SFOD-D and 75th Ranger RRC operators, into Idlib province during the Barisha raid.

Operational losses
Between 1967 and 2005, nine MC-130 special operations aircraft have been destroyed in operations, two of them in combat in the Vietnam War, resulting in the deaths of 68 crewmen and passengers:
 C-130E(I) / MC-130E Combat Talon I – four
 MC-130H Combat Talon II – four
 MC-130P Combat Shadow – one

Combat Talon I losses
Two of the four aircraft assigned to Project Stray Goose were lost in combat: 64-0563 was destroyed on 25 November 1967, by a direct hit of a mortar round while parked on the Nha Trang flightline. The aircraft had been scheduled for a mission and had just completed preflight of the exterior when the mission was cancelled. Soon after the crew left the ramp, the aircraft was hit and destroyed by fire.

64-0547 was missing-in-action with its entire 11-man crew on 29 December 1967, on a mission to drop leaflets inside North Vietnam. The Blackbird had completed its leaflet drop leg of the mission at  and begun its descent to its terrain-following exit altitude. Communication was lost without the Blackbird reporting any threats detected. SOF commanders at the time discounted the possibility of its being shot down because the flight, conducted by an inexperienced aircraft commander under new moon conditions, was not claimed as such by North Vietnam. In November 1992, the wreckage was located near the peak of a mountain  northeast of Dien Bien Phu, and it was surmised that its descent was too steep for its TF/TA radar to stabilize. 64-0547 was the only special operations MC-130 lost on a combat mission over hostile terrain in the history of the program.

64-0558 was lost in a mid-air collision during a night training exercise 15 miles north of Conway, South Carolina on 5 December 1972. An F-102 Delta Dagger of the South Carolina Air National Guard, attempting a night intercept of the Talon, flew into the fuel drop tank on its right wing, with the loss of both aircraft, killing all 12 aboard the C-130E(I). 64-0558 had been one of the two Talons assigned to the Son Tay POW camp rescue mission.

Former Heavy Chain and Desert One veteran 64-0564 crashed into the ocean shortly after a pre-dawn takeoff from NAS Cubi Point, Philippines, on 26 February 1981, killing 15 passengers and eight of nine crewmen. The Talon was taking part in Special Warfare Exercise 81 and had flown 12 missions in the preceding 16 days. Following an administrative flight the day before, the crew was scheduled for its last mission, a night exercise that was set back from 01:00 local time to 04:30. The flight profile consisted of a normal takeoff, a tactical landing a half-hour later to onload 15 Navy SEALs, followed by a tactical takeoff. The Talon reported normal flight conditions six minutes after the tactical takeoff, but crashed nine minutes later. No cause was determined, but investigators found that the likely causes were either crew fatigue from operations tempo, or failure of the terrain following radar to enter "override" mode while over water.

Combat Shadow/Talon II losses
Combat Shadow 66-0213 (Ditka 03) was lost when it flew into a mountain top in eastern Afghanistan on 13 February 2002. Assigned to the 9th SOS, the aircraft was refueling an MH-47E helicopter on a CSAR mission when it was forced to make an emergency climb in poor visibility to escape a box canyon in the mountainous terrain. The MC-130P ran out of climb performance and crash-landed wheels-up in deep snow. The aircraft was a total loss but the crew of eight survived with relatively minor injuries.

Combat Talon II 84-0475, assigned to the 15th SOS, was lost in a takeoff crash on 12 June 2002, near Gardez, Afghanistan. During a night exfiltration mission of two Special Forces soldiers from a landing strip at the Sardeh Band dam, the Talon crashed less than three miles from the airstrip shortly after takeoff. Conflicting reports point to overweight cargo and windshear as possible causes.  The Talon's two loadmasters and a passenger were killed. According to Steve Coll in his 2018 book Directorate S, this C-130 was actually blown up by Taliban or Al-Qaeda guerrillas while sitting on a runway. The Pentagon released a false story about the incident to downplay the dangers of Afghanistan.

Combat Talon II 90-0161, also of the 15th SOS, crashed into Monte Perucho, south of Caguas, Puerto Rico, during a training mission on 7 August 2002, killing all ten aboard. The Talon was flying a terrain-following night mission in blowing rain and fog, along a low level route commonly used by the Puerto Rico Air National Guard. The crew misinterpreted and disregarded terrain obstacle warnings.

Combat Talon II 85-0012 was severely damaged during a landing accident at Qayyarah-West Air Base, south of Mosul, Iraq, on 29 December 2004. The 15th SOS aircraft was on a resupply mission and struck an open trench that was part of repairs to the runway while still at 80 knots, shearing off its landing gear and much of its lower fuselage, and partially separating its left wing from the fuselage. The trench was part of a U.S. Army project to repair damage to the runway from prior bombing by allied forces. A Notice To Airmen (NOTAM) warning had not been filed by the airfield or disseminated to the aircrew, despite a safety hazard report filed in the week previous by another aircrew. No fatalities occurred and classified equipment was salvaged before the aircraft was destroyed by explosive demolition due to the airframe being unrepairable.

A Combat Talon II of the 7th SOS, 87-0127 (Wrath 11), crashed during a terrain-following-and-avoidance night training exercise on 31 March 2005, near Rovie, in the Drizez Mountains in southeast Albania, 60 miles southeast of Tirana. The Talon had taken off from Tirana-Rinas Airport 20 minutes before and was one of two flying at  AGL at a reduced power setting. An investigation revealed that the plane stalled attempting to clear terrain following the crew's "loss of situational awareness." All nine crew members aboard were killed.

Specifications (MC-130J Commando II)

See also

Footnotes

References

External links

 Herkybirds C-130 forum

C-130, M
C-130, M
1960s United States special-purpose aircraft
Four-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Four-engined turboprop aircraft
Air refueling
MC-130

Lockheed MC-130


Rupert Huter (* 26. September 1834 in Kals in Osttirol; † 11. Februar 1919 in Ried bei Sterzing) war ein österreichischer katholischer Priester, Kooperator und Botaniker. Er vermachte dem Vinzentinum in Brixen ein für die wissenschaftliche Forschung bedeutendes Herbarium.

Sein offizielles botanisches Autorenkürzel lautet "".

Leben und Wirken
Ruper Huter wurde am 26. September 1834 als Sohn eines Bauern in Kals geboren. Er besuchte die Grundschule in seinem Heimatdorf und anschließend das Gymnasium der Augustiner in Brixen in Südtirol. 1854 legte er die Matura am Franziskanergymnasium in Bozen ab. Nach Abschluss seines Theologiestudiums wurde er in Brixen am 25. April 1858 zum Priester geweiht. Im Jahr darauf beendete er seine theologischen Studien in Brixen und wurde Hilfspriester in St. Jakob in Defereggen. Anschließend wirkte er als Kooperator, zunächst von 1861 bis 1863 in Ahrn, 1863 bis 1864 in Oberlinz, 1864 bis 1867 in Obergsies, 1867 bis 1871 in Antholz, 1871 bis 1877 in Sexten und 1878 bis 1881 in Sterzing. 1881 war Huter als Expositus im Jaufental tätig, bis er 1884 eine Stelle als Kurat in Ried bei Sterzing antrat, wo er bis zu seinem Tod blieb.

Huter war ein leidenschaftlicher Pflanzensammler und Autodidakt auf dem Gebiet der Botanik und erforschte die Flora Tirols und Mitteleuropas. Gemeinsam mit den Botanikern Pietro Porta (1832–1923) und Giorgio Rigo reiste er durch Südtirol sowie 1877 nach Unteritalien und 1879 nach Spanien. Huter nutzte diese Reisen, um seinen Herbarien weitere Exemplare hinzufügen. Hinzu kamen Funde, die Porta und Rigo auf weiteren Expeditionen bis hin zu den Balearen (1885) machten. Außerdem führte Huter einen regen Kauf- und Tauschhandel mit getrockneten Pflanzen und verschickte von 1862 bis 1898 entsprechende Listen an seine Geschäftspartner.

Huter machte sich um die Erforschung der Pflanzenwelt der Ostalpen verdient, entdeckte neue Standorte und Arten. Sein besonderes Interesse galt den Tiroler Arten der Gattungen Hieracium und Salix.

Herbarium Huteri
Im Auftrag des  Fürstbischofs Vinzenz Gasser trug Huter eine Sammlung von 17.000 verschiedenen Arten für das Vinzentinum zusammen und dokumentierte sie 1909 in einem handschriftlichen Katalog. Gefördert wurde er durch Professor Johann Vinzens Hofmann und Direktor Gregor Bechlechner. Das Herbarium Huteri enthält zahlreiche Typus-Exemplare, insbesondere der Gattung Hieracium, und stellt eine bedeutsame Quelle für die gegenwärtige Erforschung der mitteleuropäischen Flora dar. Ab 1996 wurde das Herbarium vom Tiroler Landesmuseum restauriert und digitalisiert. Da das Vinzentinum die zunehmenden Kosten nicht mehr tragen konnte, schloss es 2009 eine Vereinbarung mit der Südtiroler Landesregierung, welche die Finanzierung übernahm. Im Gegenzug erhielt das Land Südtirol das Herbarium Huteri als kostenlose Leihgabe für 99 Jahre. Ab 2011 beteiligte sich ein zusätzliches Restaurierungsteam am Naturmuseum Südtirol an den Arbeiten, die 2016 zum Abschluss gebracht werden konnten. Im Naturmuseum wird das Herbarium Huteri, dessen geschätzter Wert bei ca. 4 Millionen Euro liegt, nach der Errichtung eines neuen Depotgebäudes hinterlegt werden.

Ehrungen
Nach Huter ist die Pflanzengattung Hutera  aus der Familie der Kreuzblütler (Brassicaceae) benannt.

Schriften
 Flora der Gefäßpflanzen von Höhlenstein und der nächsten Umgebung. Sexten 1872.
 Herbarstudien. Wien 1908.

Literatur

 Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie – München [et al.]: Saur, 1995–1999
 Marion Fink, Barbara Brugger, Thomas Wilhalm: Der Botaniker Rupert Huter – aus dem Leben des "sagacissimus". In: Gredleriana. 17. Naturmuseum Südtirol, Bozen 2017, S. 5–28 (online).

Weblinks
 Herbar Rupert Huter auf der Webseite des Vinzentinums
 Autoreintrag beim IPNI

Einzelnachweise

Botaniker (19. Jahrhundert)
Botaniker (20. Jahrhundert)
Römisch-katholischer Geistlicher (19. Jahrhundert)
Römisch-katholischer Geistlicher (20. Jahrhundert)
Person (Tirol)
Person (Cisleithanien)
Person (Kaisertum Österreich)
Historische Person (Südliches Tirol)
Geboren 1834
Gestorben 1919
Mann

Rupert Huter


Il mio Sanremo este un album lansat în Italia în 2006. Conține noi înregistrări ale melodiilor prezentate de Al Bano, singur sau cu Romina Power, la Festivalul Sanremo în perioada 1968-1999 plus 4 piese bonus. Singura melodie inedită este Sei la mia luce candidată la preselecția pentru Sanremo 2006 dar refuzată de comisia artistică.

Track list

 Devo dirti di no  (Curtis Mayfield, Vito Pallavicini)  La siepe  (Pino Massara, Vito Pallavicini)  - Sanremo 1968
 13, storia d'oggi  (Albano Carrisi, Vito Pallavicini)  - Sanremo 1971
 In controluce  (Albano Carrisi, Paolo Limiti)  - Sanremo 1974
 Felicità  (Cristiano Minellono, Dario Farina, Gino De Stefani)  - Sanremo 1982
 Ci sarà  (Cristiano Minellono, Dario Farina)  - Sanremo 1984
 Nostalgia canaglia  (Albano Carrisi, Mercurio, Romina Power, Vito Pallavicini, Willy Molco)  - Sanremo 1987
 Cara terra mia  (Albano Carrisi, Romina Power, Vito Pallavicini)  - Sanremo 1989
 Oggi sposi  (Giancarlo Andretto, Depsa)  - Sanremo 1991
 È la mia vita  (Pino Marino, Maurizio Fabrizio)  - Sanremo 1996
 Verso il sole  (Albano Carrisi, Valentina Cidda)  - Sanremo 1997
 Ancora in volo  (Albano Carrisi, Massimo Bizzarri, Pino Marcucci)  - Sanremo 1999
 Tu per sempre  (Albano Carrisi, Alterisio Paoletti, Fabrizio Berlincioni)  Le radici del cielo  (Albano Carrisi, Pino Aprile)
 Sei la mia luce  (Albano Carrisi, Alterisio Paoletti, Fulcheri, Vincenzo Sparviero) ''

Albume pop
Albume din 2006
Albume de Al Bano

Il mio Sanremo


El Castigador (también conocida como El Castigador: Bienvenido de vuelta, Frank) es una serie limitada de doce números escrita por Garth Ennis e ilustrada por Steve Dillon y publicada  con la impresión Marvel Knights de Marvel Comics. La serie incluye al vigilante antihéroe el Castigador y corrió desde abril de 2000 a marzo de 2001.

Historia de publicación
La historia continuó en la serie en marcha de Ennis' El Castigador vol. 5.

Trama
Frank se re-establece en Nueva York tomando el sindicato del crimen de los Gnucci. El detective Soap es asignado a "atrapar" al Castigador; esto es puramente un movimiento de relaciones públicas como la policía no lo quiere. Frank pone a Soap de su lado, haciendo que le pase información de los sindicatos del crimen local.

Contra su voluntad, Frank gana tres amigos fieles en sus vecinos, Joan la Ratona, Mr. Bumpo, y Spacker Dave. Todos terminan ayudándole en su lucha contra los Gnucci, en parte por defensa propia mientras los delincuentes descubren dónde vive Frank. Spacker sufre tortura a manos de los Gnucci, dispuesto a no dar la ubicación de Frank.

Al final, los Gnucci son destruidos, ya no más una amenaza. Soap se convierte en comisario de la policía. Los amigos de Frank se sorprenden al descubrir que son ricos con el dinero robado a los Gnucci y que Frank se ha trasladado. Joan y Spacker se desempeñarían papeles más importantes en la vida de Frank después. Bumpo sufre un accidente médico ("algo importante cayó de su trasero") y debe vivir en el hospital.

Ediciones recolectadas
La serie fue recogida en un libro de bolsillo comercial, junto con Punisher Kills the Marvel Universe, como El Castigador: Bienvenido de vuelta, Frank, que se convirtió en el título informal de la serie.

En otros medios
Joan, Mr. Bumpo, y Spacker Dave fueron interpretados todos en la película de 2004 The Punisher.
Otra versión de la historia corre a través del videojuego de 2005 Punisher.

Historieta policíaca
Historieta de superhéroes
Series limitadas de Marvel Comics

El Castigador (serie de 2000)


Aceasta este o listă a primarilor din Slobozia

Secolul al XIX-lea (1801-1900)
 Bucur Șinca (sau Stanciu Mihalache, 1864-1867)
 Andrei Neagu (1867-1869)
 Tache Dobrinescu (1869-1871; 1873-1891)
 Radu Rădulescu (1891-1899)
 Grigore Vlisea (sau Ulisea, 1899)

Secolul al XX-lea (1901-2000)
 Dumitru Teodorescu
 Barbu Haralambie (1907)
 Ion Constantinescu (1908-1913, a revenit după câțiva ani la al doilea mandat)
 Grigore Nicolescu
 Grigore Vlase
 Ion Bârzea
 Alexandru Cornea (1926)
 Titu Teodorescu (1926-1927)
 Alexandru Ghițescu
 Alexandru Cornea (ales de cel puțin trei ori)
 Constantin Copoiu (1929-1933)
 Constantin Luca Cristescu
 Ion Andreescu (1936-1937)
 Vasile Popescu
 Eliad Grigore Eremia (1940)
 Alexandru C. Popilian
 Mihail Ionescu
 Mișu L. Ionescu (1942-1944)
 Tudor Nicolae
 Gheorghe Constantinescu-Buzatu (1946)
 Vasile Butunoiu
 Tudor Roșca (1951)
 Ion Vasilescu
 Dumitru Nițu
 Gheorghe Zainea
 Emil Vlaicu
 Nicolae Ațântișanu
 Dima Bordei (1956-1964)
 Costică Ispas (1964-1968)
 Virgil Dumitrescu (1968, destituit după trei luni pentru "abateri pe linie de morală comunistă")
 Alexandru Ilie (1968-1972)
 Gheorghe Glodeanu (1972-1974)
 Grigore Radu (1974-1976)
 Petre Dobrescu (1976-1979)
 Constantin Paghici (1979-1987)
 Gheorghe Radu (1987-1989)
 Adrian Adrienescu (1990)
 Alexandru Stoica (1990-1991)
 Dumitru Drăghici (1991-1992)

Secolul al XXI-lea (2001-prezent)
 Ioan Pinter (1992-2003, decedat în funcție)
 Gabi Ionașcu (2003-2012)
 Alexandru Stoica - pentru al doilea mandat (2012-2016)
 Adrian-Nicolae Mocioniu (2016-2020)
 Dragoș Soare (din 2020, actualul primar)

Note

Slobozia
Primari
Lista primarilor

Lista primarilor din Slobozia