Li Yaotang (; 25 November 1904 – 17 October 2005), better known by his pen name Ba Jin () or his courtesy name Li Feigan (), was a Chinese anarchist, translator, and writer. In addition to his impact on Chinese literature, he also wrote three original works in Esperanto, and as a political activist he wrote The Family.

Name
He was born as Li Yaotang, with alternate name Li Feigan or Li Pei Kan (in Wade–Giles). The first word of his pen name may have been taken from Ba Enbo, his classmate who committed suicide in Paris, which was admitted by himself, or from the first syllable of the surname of the Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin; and the last character of which is the Chinese equivalent of the last syllable of Russian anarchist Peter Kropotkin (克鲁泡特金, Ke-lu-pao-te-jin).

Biography

On November 25, 1904, Li Yaotang was born in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, into a wealthy Li family. The family's wealth came mainly from the land acquired by his grandfather and father when they were officials, and Li Yaotang sometimes described his family as a "typical landlord's family". In 1919, Ba read Kropotkin's An Appeal to the Young and converted to anarchism.

It was partly owing to boredom that Ba Jin began to write his first novel, Miewang  ("Destruction"). In France, Ba Jin continued his anarchist activism, translating many anarchist works, including Kropotkin's Ethics, into Chinese, which was mailed back to Shanghai's anarchist magazines for publication.

During the Cultural Revolution, Ba Jin was heavily persecuted as a counter-revolutionary. His wife since 1944, Xiao Shan, died of cancer in 1972. He asked that a Cultural Revolution Museum be set up in 1981. The Shantou Cultural Revolution Museum referenced the influence of Ba Jin on its establishment through displaying a depiction of his at the entrance as well as a quote of his, "Every town in China should establish a museum about the Cultural Revolution."

Ba Jin's works were heavily influenced by foreign writers, including Émile Zola, Ivan Turgenev, Alexander Herzen, Anton Chekhov, and Emma Goldman.

Ba Jin suffered from Parkinson's disease beginning in 1983. The illness confined him to Huadong Hospital in Shanghai from 1998.

Bibliography

English translations
(1954) Living Amongst Heroes. Beijing: Foreign Language Press.
(1958) The Family. (trans. Sidney Shapiro) Beijing: Foreign Language Press.
(1959) A battle for life: a full record of how the life of steel worker, Chiu Tsai-kang, was saved in the Shanghai Kwangrze Hospital. Beijing: Foreign Language Press.
(1978) Cold Nights (trans. Nathan K. Mao and Liu Ts'un-yan) Hong Kong: Chinese University press.
(1984) Random Thoughts (trans. Germie Barm&ecute). Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Company. (Partial translation of Suizianglu)
(1988) Selected works of Ba Jin (trans. Sidney Shapiro and Jock Hoe) Beijing: Foreign Language Press. (Includes The Family, Autumn in Spring, Garden of Repose, Bitter Cold Nights)
(1999) Ward Four: A Novel of Wartime China (trans. Haili Kong and Howard Goldblatt). San Francisco: China Books and Periodicals, Inc.
(2005) "How to Build a Society of Genuine Freedom and Equality"(1921), "Patriotism and the Road to Happiness for the Chinese"(1921) and "Anarchism and the Question of Practice"(1927) in Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas, Volume 1: From Anarchy to Anarchism (300CE-1939), ed. Robert Graham. Montreal: Black Rose Books.
(2012) Ward Four: A Novel of Wartime China (trans. Howard Goldblatt). San Francisco: China Books and Periodicals, Inc. .

Ba Jin stories in collections
Arzybasheff, M. (1927). "Morning Shadows?" in Tales of the Revolution. Tr. Percy Pinkerton. New York Huebsch.
(1927). "Workingman Shevyrev." in Tales of the Revolution, tr. Percy Pinkerton. New York: Huebsch.

Works

Short story collections
Vengeance 《复仇》, 1931
Dog 《狗》, 1931
Brightness 《光明》, 1932
The Electric Chair 《电椅》, 1933
Wiping Cloth 《抹布》, 1933
The General 《将军》, 1934
Gods, Ghosts and Men 《神·鬼·人》, 1935
Sinking 《沉落》, 1936
The Story of Hair 《发的故事》, 1936
Thunder 《雷》, 1937
Resurrection Grass 《还魂草》, 1942
Little People, Little Events 《小人小事》, 1943
Heroic Tales 《英雄的故事》, 1953
Pigs and Chickens 《猪与鸡》, 1959
Li Da-hai 《李大海》, 1961
Stories Outside the City, 1992

Children's literature
The Immortality Pagoda 《长生塔》, 1937
The Pearl and the Jade Concubine 《明珠和玉姬》, 1957

Novels and novellas
Destruction 《灭亡》, 1929
The Dead Sun 《死去的太阳》, 1931
The "Love" Trilogy 《爱情的三部曲》 (1931-5)
Fog 《雾》, 1931
Rain 《雨》, 1933
Lightning 《电》, 1935
New Life 《新生》, 1933
Miners 《砂丁》, 1933
Germination 《萌芽》, 1933
A Dream of the Sea 《海的梦》, 1932
Autumn in Spring 《春天里的秋天》, 1932
The "Torrents" Trilogy 《激流三部曲》
The Family 《家》, 1933
Spring 《春》, 1938
Autumn 《秋》, 1940
Lina 《利娜》, 1940
Fires 《火》(in three volumes), 1940–1945
Stars 《星》(English-Chinese bilingual), 1941
A Garden of Repose 《憩园》, novella, 1944
Ward No 4 《第四病室》, 1946
Cold Nights 《寒夜》, 1947

Autobiography and memoirs
Ba Jin: An Autobiography 《巴金自传》, 1934
I Remember 《忆》, 1936
Thinking Back on Childhood 《童年的回忆》, 1984

Non-fiction
(coauthor) Anarchism and its Practical Problems 《无政府主义与实际问题》, 1927
From Capitalism to Anarchism 《从资本主义到安那其主义》, 1930
A Walk by the Sea 《海行》, 1932
Travel Notes 《旅途随笔》, 1934
Droplets of Life 《点滴》, 1935
Confessions of Living 《生之忏悔》, 1936
Brief Notes 《短简》, 1937
I Accuse 《控诉》, 1937
Dreaming and Drunkenness 《梦与醉》, 1938
Thoughts and Feelings 《感想》, 1939
Black Earth 《黑土》, 1939
Untitled 《无题》, 1941
Dragons, Tigers and Dogs 《龙·虎·狗》, 1941
Outside the Derelict Garden 《废园外》, 1942
Travel Notes 《旅途杂记》, 1946
Remembering 《怀念》, 1947
Tragedy of a Still Night 《静夜的悲剧》, 1948
The Nazi Massacre Factory: Auschwitz 《纳粹杀人工厂—奥斯威辛》, 1951
Warsaw Festivals: Notes in Poland 《华沙城的节日—波兰杂记》, 1951
The Consoling Letter and Others 《慰问信及其他》, 1951
Living Amongst Heroes 《生活书局在英雄们中间》, 1953
They Who Defend Peace 《保卫和平的人们》, 1954
On Chekhov 《谈契河夫》, 1955
Days of Great Joy 《大欢乐的日子》, 1957
Strong Warriors 《坚强的战士》, 1957
A Battle for Life 《—场挽救生命的战斗》, 1958
New Voices: A Collection 《新声集》, 1959
Friendship: A Collection 《友谊集》, 1959
Eulogies: A Collection 《赞歌集》, 1960
Feelings I Can't Express 《倾吐不尽的感情》, 1963
Lovely by the Bridge 《贤良桥畔》, 1964
Travels to Dazhai 《大寨行》, 1965
Ba Jin: New Writings, 1978–1980
Smorching Smoke 《烟火集》, 1979
Random Thoughts 《随想录》, 1978–86
Thinking Back on Writing 《创作回忆录》 1981
Exploration and Memories 《探索与回忆》, 1982
Afterwords: A Collection 《序跋集》, 1982
Remembrance: A Collection 《忆念集》, 1982
Ba Jin: On Writing 《巴金论创作》, 1983
Literature: Recollections (with Lao She) 《文学回忆录》 1983
To Earth to Dust 《愿化泥土》, 1984
I Accuse: A Collection 《控诉集》, 1985
In My Heart 《心里话》, 1986
Ten Years, One Dream 《十年一梦》, 1986
More Thoughts 《再思录》, 1995

Letters
To Our Young Friends Looking for Aspirations 《寻找理想的少年朋友》, 1987
The Collection of the Snow and Mud – All the Remaining Letters Written by Ba Jin to Yang Yi 《雪泥集》, 1987
Collected Letters of Ba Jin 《巴金书信集》, 1991

Others
A Battle For Life
Partial excerpt of English translation of Ba Jin's dedication to Emma Goldman
How Are We To Establish A Truly Free And Egalitarian Society?, 1921
Nationalism and the Road to Happiness for the Chinese, 1921
Letter from Ba Jin to the CRIA (International Anarchist Liaison Commission, Paris), 18 March 1949
A Museum of the "Cultural Revolution", 1986

See also

 8315 Bajin
 Li Xiao
 Former Residence of Ba Jin
 List of Chinese authors
 Chinese literature

References

Further reading

 Ayers, W. (1950). "Shanghai Labor and the May Thirtieth Movement," Papers on China, 5:1-38. Harvard University, East Asian Research Center.
 Bao-Puo. (1925). "The Anarchist Movement in China: From a Letter of a Chinese Comrade." Tr. from the Russian, in Freedom. 39.423:4.
 (1953). "The Society for Literary Studies, 1921-1930." Papers on China. 7:34-79. Harvard University, East Asian Research Center.
 Chen Tan-chen. (1963). "Pa Chin the Novelist: An Interview." Chinese Literature. 6:84-92.
 Ch'en Chia-ai character. "Chung-kuo li-shih shang chih an-na-ch'i-chu -i che character (Anarchists in Chinese history); in K'o-lu-p'ao-t'e-chin hsueh-shuo kai-yao. pp. 379-410.
 Hsin ch'ing-nien (1908). "Chinese Anarchist in Tokyo," Freedom, 22.23:52.
 Mao, Nathan K. Pa Chin. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1978.
 Martin, H. and J. Kinkley, eds. (1992) Modern Chinese writers: self-portrayals. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
 Pino, Angel, "Ba Jin and the 'Arshinov Platform'". libcom.org
 Pino, Angel, "Ba Jin as Translator," tr. Ian MacCabe, in Peng Hsiao-yen & Isabelle Rabut (eds.), Modern China and the West: Translation and Cultural Mediation. Leiden-Boston: Brill, "East Asian Comparative Literature and Culture" (2), 2014, 28-105.

 Razak, Dzulkifli Abdul (Oct. 30, 2005). "Leaving behind their legacies". New Straits Times, p. F9.
 Renditions Autumn 1992. No. 38. "Special issue on Twentieth Century Memoirs. Reminiscences by well-known literary figures, including Zhu Ziqing, Ba Jin, Lao She and Wang Xiyan."

Films
Return from Silence: Five prominent and controversial Chinese writers speak on their roles in the modernization of China. (1 hour video cassette available) — The life and work of five esteemed Chinese writers whose modern classics shaped China's past: Ba Jin, Mao Dun, Ding Ling, Cao Yu, and Ai Qing. Produced by Chung-wen Shih, George Washington University, 1982.

External links

 "Literary witness to century of turmoil" China Daily (2003-11-24)
 "Chinese literary icon Ba Jin dies" (BBC)
 A giant of Chinese literature "A giant of Chinese literature" ~ The Sydney Morning Herald''' (21 October 2005)]
 Ba Jin at Anarchist Archives
 "When the Snow Melted" Translated by Tang Sheng at Words Without Borders''
 Pa Chin: A Literary and Revolutionary Chinese Anarchist ~ YemenTimes Newspaper
 Ba Jin: Life and Works
 Ba Jin. A Portrait by Kong Kai Ming at Hong Kong Baptist University Library

1904 births
2005 deaths
20th-century Chinese novelists
20th-century essayists
Recipients of the Fukuoka Prize
Anarchist writers
Chinese anarchists
Chinese anti-capitalists
Chinese atheists
Chinese autobiographers
Chinese centenarians
Chinese children's writers
Chinese Esperantists
Chinese male novelists
Chinese male short story writers
Commanders of the Legion of Honour
Deaths from cancer in the People's Republic of China
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Delegates to the 1st National People's Congress
Neurological disease deaths in the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China essayists
People's Republic of China novelists
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
20th-century Chinese essayists
20th-century Chinese short story writers
Short story writers from Sichuan
Sichuan University alumni
Vice Chairpersons of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Victims of the Cultural Revolution
Writers from Chengdu
Writers of Esperanto literature
Men centenarians
20th-century pseudonymous writers

Ba Jin


Khaled Mohammed Khaled (fæddur 26. nóvember 1975), sem gengur undir listamannsnafninu DJ Khaled, er bandarískur plötusnúður og upptökustjóri.

Bandarískir plötusnúðar
Bandarískir upptökustjórar

DJ Khaled


An Goodyera macrophylla in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Richard Thomas. Lowe. An Goodyera macrophylla in nahilalakip ha genus nga Goodyera, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nangangarat-an duro. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Goodyera

Goodyera macrophylla


Polimer, birçok tekrar eden alt birimden oluşmuş çok büyük moleküllerden veya makromoleküllerden oluşan bir madde veya malzemedir. Geniş özellik yelpazesinden dolayı, hem sentetik hem de doğal polimerler, günlük yaşamda temel ve her yerde bulunan bir rol oynarlar. Polimerler polistiren gibi bilinen sentetik plastiklerden biyolojik yapı ve işlev için temel olan DNA ve proteinler gibi doğal biyopolimerlere kadar çeşitlilik gösterirler. Hem doğal hem de sentetik polimerler, monomerler olarak bilinen birçok küçük molekülün polimerizasyonu yoluyla oluşturulur. Küçük moleküllü bileşiklere göre daha büyük moleküler kütleye sahiptirler ve bu özellikleri sertlik, yüksek elastikiyet, viskoelastisite ve kristal yerine amorf ve yarı kristal yapılar oluşturma eğilimi gibi benzersiz fiziksel özellikler üretir.

"Polimer" terimi Yunanca πολύς (polus, "çok" anlamına gelir) ve μέρος (meros, "parça" anlamına gelir) kelimesinden türemiştir ve yapısı çok sayıda tekrar eden birimlerden oluşan, yüksek nispi moleküler kütle ve eşlik eden özelliklerden kaynaklanan büyük molekülleri ifade eder. Polimerleri oluşturan birimler, gerçekte veya kavramsal olarak düşük nispi moleküler kütleli moleküllerden türetilir. Bu terim, modern IUPAC tanımından farklı bir tanımla 1833'te Jöns Jacob Berzelius tarafından icat edildi. Kovalent bağlı makromoleküler yapılar olarak modern polimer kavramı 1920'de, sonraki on yılı bu hipotez için deneysel kanıtlar bulmakla geçiren Hermann Staudinger tarafından önerildi.

Polimerler, polimer bilimi (polimer kimyası ve polimer fiziği dahil), biyofizik ve malzeme bilimi ve mühendisliği alanlarında incelenir. Tarihsel olarak, tekrar eden birimlerin kovalent kimyasal bağlarla bağlanmasından ortaya çıkan ürünler, polimer biliminin ana odağı olmuştur. Ortaya çıkan önemli bir alan, artık kovalent olmayan bağlarla oluşturulan supramoleküler polimerlere odaklanmaktadır. Lateks kauçuğun poliizopreni, doğal bir polimerin bir örneğidir ve straforun polistireni, bir sentetik polimer örneğidir. Biyolojik bağlamlarda, esasen tüm biyolojik makromoleküller - yani proteinler (poliamidler), nükleik asitler (polinükleotidler) ve polisakkaritler - tamamen polimeriktir veya büyük oranda polimerik bileşenlerden oluşur.

Kaynakça

Polimer kimyası
Yumuşak maddeler
Organik polimerler

Polimer


The bird genus Columba comprises a group of medium to large pigeons. The terms "dove" and "pigeon" are used indiscriminately for smaller and larger Columbidae, respectively. Columba species – at least those of Columba sensu stricto – are generally termed "pigeons", and in many cases wood-pigeons. The rock dove (C. livia), has given rise to the majority of domesticated pigeon breeds, such as the racing pigeon and the fantail pigeon some of which have become feral. Meanwhile, "wood pigeon" by itself usually means the common wood pigeon (C. palumbus).

This genus as understood today is native to the Old World, but some – notably the domestic and feral rock pigeon – have been introduced outside their natural range, for example in the Americas.

Etymology
The term columba comes from the Latin columba, "a dove", the feminine form of columbus, "a male dove", itself the latinisation of the Greek κόλυμβος (kolumbos), "diver", which derives from the verb κολυμβάω (kolumbaō), "to dive, plunge headlong, swim". The feminine form of kolumbos, κολυμβίς (kolumbis), "diver", was the name applied by Aristophanes and others  to the common rock pigeons of Greece, because of the "swimming" motion made by their wings when flying.

Taxonomy
The genus Columba was introduced by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. The type species was designated as the stock dove (Columba oenas) by Irish zoologist Nicholas Aylward Vigors in 1825.

The American pigeons formerly in Columba are now split off as a separate genus Patagioenas again. That the American radiation constitutes a distinct lineage is borne out by molecular evidence; in fact, the Patagioenas "pigeons" are basal to the split between the Columba "pigeons" and the Streptopelia "doves". The typical pigeons together with Streptopelia and the minor Nesoenas and Stigmatopelia lineages constitute the dominant evolutionary radiation of Columbidae in temperate Eurasia, though they also occur in tropical regions. The taxonomic status of some African pigeons presently placed here is in need of further study; they are smaller than the usual Columba (and hence often called "doves"), and differ in some other aspects. They might be separable as genus Aplopelia. That notwithstanding, the lineage of the typical pigeons probably diverged from its closest relatives in the Late Miocene, perhaps some 7-8 million years ago (Ma).

Species

There are 35 species recognised in the genus, of which two are extinct:
 Rock dove, Columba livia
 Hill pigeon, Columba rupestris
 Snow pigeon, Columba leuconota
 Speckled pigeon, Columba guinea
 White-collared pigeon, Columba albitorques
 Stock dove, Columba oenas
 Yellow-eyed pigeon, Columba eversmanni
 Somali pigeon, Columba oliviae
 Common wood pigeon or wood pigeon, Columba palumbus
 Trocaz pigeon, Columba trocaz
 Bolle's pigeon, Columba bollii
 Laurel pigeon, Columba junoniae
 Afep pigeon, Columba unicincta
 African olive pigeon, Columba arquatrix
 Cameroon olive pigeon, Columba sjostedti
 São Tomé olive pigeon, Columba thomensis
 Comoro olive pigeon, Columba polleni
 Speckled wood pigeon, Columba hodgsonii
 White-naped pigeon, Columba albinucha
 Ashy wood pigeon, Columba pulchricollis
 Nilgiri wood pigeon, Columba elphinstonii
 Sri Lanka wood pigeon, Columba torringtoniae
 Pale-capped pigeon, Columba punicea
 Silvery pigeon, Columba argentina – (thought to be extinct, rediscovered in 2008)
 Andaman wood pigeon, Columba palumboides
 Black wood pigeon or Japanese wood pigeon, Columba janthina
 † Bonin wood pigeon,  Columba versicolor – extinct ()
 † Ryukyu wood pigeon, Columba jouyi – extinct (late 1930s)
 Metallic pigeon or white-throated pigeon, Columba vitiensis
 White-headed pigeon, Columba leucomela
 Yellow-legged pigeon, Columba pallidiceps
 Eastern bronze-naped pigeon, Columba delegorguei
 Western bronze-naped pigeon, Columba iriditorques
 Island bronze-naped pigeon, Columba malherbii
 Lemon dove, Columba larvata – sometimes placed in Aplopelia

A fossil species, C. omnisanctorum, was described from the Early Pliocene (5.3-3.6 Ma) of the Gargano Peninsula and surroundings, Italy. A supposed "falcon" fossil from nearby contemporary and Middle Pliocene (3.6-2.6 Ma) sites may either be of the same species or another pigeon; the name Columba pisana would apply for it or (if conspecific) for both. C. melitensis is a fossil pigeon from the Late Pleistocene of Malta. Only known from a coracoid described by Richard Lydekker in 1891, whether it is indeed distinct from the living species and not just a paleosubspecies needs to be studied, given its late age. Indeterminate remains of a Columba were also found in Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene (ELMMZ MN 17) deposits at Varshets (Bulgaria) and Šandalja (Croatia).

Another prehistoric pigeon, C. congi, was described from Early Pleistocene remains found in the famous Zhoukoudian caves in China. This, too, needs to be studied regarding whether it is not just an ancestral population of a still-living species. An extinct pigeon, the Mauritian wood pigeon (Columba thiriouxi), was described in 2011. The validity of the species has been challenged and it is not generally recognised. The holotype is a right tarsometatarsus collected in 1910.

References

Sources
 Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press, Prague.  PDF fulltext

Bird genera
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Columba (bird)


Nicolae Grigore Deac (n. 30 iulie 1891, Tăureni – d. 18 august  1967, Târnăveni) a fost un deputat în Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, organismul legislativ reprezentativ al "tuturor românilor din Transilvania, Banat și Țara Ungurească", cel care a adoptat hotărârea privind Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, la 1 decembrie 1918.

Biografie
Născut în  Tăureni în anul 1891, Nicolae Grigore Deac a urmat studiile  la Institutul Teologic din Blaj. Devine preot greco-catolic în satul Șomoștelnic, comuna Mica în județul Mureș până în anul 1948 după care își va continua misiunea ca preot ortodox. După 1918 a fost secretar al societății Invalizii de război. Înființează în anul 1925 Banca populară Ajutorul din Subpădure și Speranța din Șomoștelnic. Din anul 1923 este secretarul organizației județene Târnava Mică a P.N.L. După această serie de activități, Deac își află sfârșitul vieții în comuna Târnăveni la 18 august 1967.

Activitatea politică
A fost ales ca delegat supleant al cercului electoral  Bălăușeri, la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia de la 1 decembrie 1918.

Decorații
Nicolae Grigore Deac a primit în anul 1922 ordinul Coroana României în rang de cavaler, iar în 1926 a primit medalia Răsplata muncii, clasa I, pentru construcții școlare.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioan I. Șerban, Dorin Giurgiu, Ionela Mircea, Nicolae Josan, Dicționarul personalităților Unirii. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Muzeul Național al Unirii, Alba Iulia, 2003, ISBN 973-8141-90-7
 Gelu Neamțu, Mircea Vaida-Voevod, 1 decembrie 1918. Mărturii ale participanților, vol. I-II, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2005, ISBN 973-27-1258-9 (vol. I); ISBN 973-27-1264-3 (vol. II)

Lectură suplimentară
 Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Muzeul Național Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, 1998
 Florea Marin, Medicii și Marea Unire, Editura Tipomur, Târgu Mureș, 1993
 Silviu Borș, Alexiu Tatu, Bogdan Andriescu, (coord.), Participanți din localități sibiene la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, Editura Armanis, Sibiu, 2015

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Legături externe
  Membrii de drept ai Marii Adunării Naționale de la Alba-Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, lista publicată în "Gazeta Oficială", Sibiu, nr. 1, 1/14 decembrie 1918

Nașteri în 1891
Decese în 1967
Preoți români
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nicolae Grigore Deac


Die Comarca Barbanza () ist eine Verwaltungseinheit Galiciens. Die Fläche von  km² entspricht 0,83 % der Fläche Galiciens.

Gemeinden

Siehe auch
 Liste der Comarcas in Spanien

Comarca in Galicien
Provinz A Coruña

Barbanza


Giichi Nomura foi um político e ativista pertencente ao povo indígena Ainu, no Japão. Nasceu em 20 de outubro de 1914 e morreu em 2008. Foi, por 32 anos, líder da Associação Ainu de Hokkaido, ganhou vários prêmios e já discursou na Assembleia das Nações Unidas.

Políticos do Japão
Ativistas do Japão
Ainu
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Povos originários)

Giichi Nomura


Pathein (, BGN/PCGN: putheinmyo, früher Bassein) ist eine Stadt in Myanmar. Sie bildet einen eigenen Distrikt in der Division Irawadi.

Bevölkerung
Pathein ist die viertgrößte Stadt in Myanmar.

Nach einer Volkszählung im Jahr 1983 hatte Pathein damals 144.096 Einwohner. Berechnungen zufolge lebten 2006 241.624 Menschen in der Stadt.

Infrastruktur
Pathein besitzt ein Fußballstadion.

Der Sitz des Bistums Pathein befindet sich in der Stadt.

In Pathein befindet sich ein Landanschluss des SEA-ME-WE-5-Seekabels.

Söhne und Töchter der Stadt

 U Tin Oo (* 1927), Stellvertretender Vorsitzender der Nationalen Liga für Demokratie

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Hauptstadt eines Staates oder einer Region in Myanmar

Pathein


شيناغاوا  وتعني «حي شيناغاوا» هو أحد أحياء طوكيو ال 23، يوجد في هذا الحي تسع سفارات.

جغرافيا

يقع حي سوميدا على خليج طوكيو محاطاً بأحياء أخرى هي كوتو، ميناتو، وميغورو، أوتا.

تاريخ

تم تأسيس الحي في 15 مارس  1947.

توأمة

لشيناغاوا (طوكيو) اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من:
 أوكلاند

أعلام

 نوبوهيسا أراتا
 أكيرا كوروساوا
 هيرويوكي سانادا
 تاكيو تاكاهاشي
 كينجي كاواي

مواقع خارجية

  الموقع الرسمي لمدينة شيناغاوا باللغة اليابانية

مراجع

شيناغاوا (طوكيو)
أحياء طوكيو
مدن ساحلية في اليابان
مدن محافظة كاناغاوا
مدن مختارة من قبل الحكومة
مستوطنات ساحلية في اليابان
يوكوهاما

شيناغاوا (طوكيو)


Kosmos 2517, ruski vojni geodetski satelit iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je Geo-IK-2 (Musson-2 br. 12 L).

Lansiran je 4. lipnja 2016. godine u 14:00 UT s kozmodroma Pljesecka s mjesta 133/3. Lansiran je u nisku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Rokotom-Briz-KM. Orbita je 936 km u perigeju i 961 km u apogeju. Orbitne inklinacije je 99,28°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 41579. COSPARova oznaka je 2016-034-A. Zemlju obilazi u 104,02 minute. Mase je blizu 1400 kg.

Bio je opremljen razmjestivim solarnim panelima i baterijama koji su mu bili izvori napajanja. Trebao je ući u kružnu orbitu od 1000 km u perigeju i 1000 km u apogeju uz orbitni nagib 99,4°, ali je dosegao 936 x 961 km i 99,28°. Drugi od dvaju novih satelita planiranih za geodetska mjerenja Zemljina oblika, rotacije i gravitacijskog polja. Geo-IK 2 također je projektiran za sondirati tektonske ploče, plime i kretanja polova. Geodetska mjerenja su za vojne i civilne svrhe. Oblik i veličina Zemlje važni su ruskim obrambenim snagama za pomoć u praćenju satelita, globalnoj navigaciji i informaciji za izračun putanja projektila. Ima radarski altimetar, laserske retro reflektore te prijamnik za Glonass i GPS.

Razgonski blok Briz-KM No. 72527 (14S45) je ostao u niskoj orbiti oko Zemlje.

Izvori
А.Железняков. Энциклопедия "Космонавтика". Хроника освоения космоса. (rus.)
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)
N2YO Satellite Database - Tehnical Details - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions (engl.)
Gunter's Space Page Geo-IK-2 (Musson-2, 14F31) (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database (engl.)
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2517


En anden folkeafstemning om skotsk uafhængighed af Storbritannien er blevet bebudet af regeringen i Skotland som en "særdeles sandsynlig" følge i lyset af de forskellige afstemningsmønstre mellem de forskellige dele af Storbritannien ved den den 23. juni 2016 afholdte ikke-bindende folkeafstemning om Storbritanniens fortsatte EU-medlemskab. I denne folkeafstemning stemte alle 32 afstemningsområder i Skotland for at forblive i EU, men det samlede britiske resultat gav 51,9% flertal for, at Storbritannien forlader EU på grund af de høje andele af stemmer i store dele af England og Wales. Den 24. juni 2016 erklærede den skotske regerings embedsmænd, at man ville begynde planlægningen af en folkeafstemning om uafhængighed.

En tidligere folkeafstemning om samme emne i 2014 resulterede i at 44,7% af vælgerne stemte for uafhængighed for Skotland på grund af usikkerhed omkring Skotlands fortsatte EU-medlemskab, hvis det ikke forblev i Storbritannien. Efter Skotlands beslutning om at forblive i EU og Englands om at forlade EU blev kendt, sagde den skotske førsteminister Nicola Sturgeon, at det var "klart, at folk i Skotland ser deres fremtid som en del af Den Europæiske Union" og at Skotland havde "talt afgørende "med en" stærk, utvetydige "stemme for at forblive i EU. Sturgeon sagde, at det er" demokratisk uacceptabelt ", at Skotland kan tages ud af EU" mod sin vilje." Tidligere premierminister Alex Salmond sagde, at afstemningen var en "betydelig og væsentlig ændring" i Skotlands position inden for Storbritannien, og at han var sikker på, at Scottish National Party ville gennemføre sit manifest om at afholde en ny folkeafstemning. Tidligere statsminister Tony Blair erklærede, at han mener, at Skotland vil forlade Storbritannien, hvis Storbritannien forlader EU.

Noter

Skotlands politik
Storbritanniens politik

Anden folkeafstemning om Skotlands uafhængighed af Storbritannien


Adrian Józef Galbas,  (Bytom, ) é um prelado polonês da Igreja Católica, arcebispo de Katowice.

Biografia
Em 1987 foi admitido no noviciado da Sociedade do Apostolado Católico (Palotinos), fazendo seus primeiros votos em 29 de setembro de 1989. Mais tarde, ele estudou filosofia e teologia católica no seminário maior dessa sociedade em Ołtarzew Galba, fazendo sua profissão perpétua em 10 de setembro de 1993 em Zakopane. Foi ordenado padre em 7 de maio de 1994, na Igreja de Nossa Senhora Rainha dos Apóstolos de Ożarow Mazowiecki, pelo núncio apostólico no país, Jozef Kowalczyk.

Adrian Józef Galbas era então vigário paroquial na paróquia de São Arcanjo Miguel em Łódź, antes de prosseguir os seus estudos na Universidade Católica de Lublin em 1995, onde se licenciou em teologia pastoral em 1997. De 1998 a 2002, Galbas foi prefeito do Seminário Palotino de Ołtarzew. Em 2002 tornou-se Conselheiro Provincial da Província Palotina de Posen e Secretário do Provincial. Além disso, Adrian Józef Galbas foi pároco da paróquia de St. Laurentius em Poznan de 2003 a 2011 e confessor no seminário de Poznan e no seminário dos Ressurreicionistas. Desde 2011 Galbas era Provincial da Ordem, Província de Poznan. Foi em 2012 na Universidade Cardeal Stefan Wyszyński, em Varsóvia, para um doutorado em teologia no tema doutorado em espiritualidade.

Em  nomeado pelo Papa Francisco como bispo auxiliar de Elk. Foi consagrado como bispo titular de Naissus em 11 de janeiro de 2020 na Catedral de Santo Adalberto em Ełk, por Jerzy Mazur, S.V.D., bispo de Ełk, coadjuvado pelo núncio apostólico na Polônia, Dom Salvatore Pennacchio e pelo arcebispo de Warmia, Józef Górzyński.

Em 4 de dezembro de 2021, o Papa Francisco o nomeou arcebispo coadjutor de Katowice. Sucedeu como arcebispo metropolitano em 31 de maio de 2023, após a renúncia de Wiktor Paweł Skworc.

Ligações externas

Naturais de Bytom
Palotinos
Alunos da Universidade Católica de Lublin
Nycz
Bispos titulares de Naísso

Adrian Józef Galbas


ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව සමකාලීන කේෂත්‍රයක් ලෙස බරපතල තර්ක විලාසයක් මත රඳා පවතී.  අනෙක් න්‍යායන්ට වඩා විස්තර කිරීමේ හැකියාව අතින් වඩාත් සරල, ඵළදායී හා විශ්වසනීය වන න්‍යායන් ක්‍රමවත්ව සකස් කිරීම මෙහි අරමුණු වලට ඇතුලත් වේ. මෙහිදී පැහැදිලි කිරීමට ඇති විචල්‍යයේ සම්බන්ධතාවයන් වෙන්කර ගැනීම සඳහා විශ්ලේෂණය සැමවිටම සරල ආකෘතියකින් ආරම්භ කරණු ලබයි. එසේම, "අනෙකුත් දෑ ස්ථාවරයි" යන උපකල්පනය මගින් විශ්ලේශණයේ සංකීර්ණ බව අඩු කල හැකිය. උදාහරණ ලෙස, මුදල් ප්‍රමාණවාදී න්‍යාය මගින්, අනෙකුත් දෑ ස්ථාවරව පවතින විට මිල මට්ටම හා මුදල් සැපයුම අතර සම්බන්ධතාවයක් ඇතැයි උපන්‍යාස කරයි.  දළ දේශීය නිෂ්පාදිතය සඳහාවන මිල දර්ශකය හා මුදල් සැපයුමේ මිණුමක්  වැනි ආර්ථික තොරතුරු භාවිතා කරල ගොඩ නගනලද මෙම න්‍යාය පරීක්ෂා කල හැකිය.  පාලිත පරීක්ෂණයක් නොකරනවිට, වෙනත් ආකාරයේ පැහැදිලි කිරීම් වලටද ඉඩහැර අනෙකුත් විචල්‍ය වල බලපෑම සඳහා ගැලපීමට ආර්ථික මිථික ක්‍රම මගින් ඉඩ සලසාදෙයි.  ඉතාම මෑතකදී ආර්ථික විද්‍යාවේ පර්යේෂණ ක්‍රම  භාවිතය' ආර්ථික විද්‍යාවේ සමහර ස්වභාවික විද්‍යාවල පෞරාණිකව සටහන් වුනු මුහුණුවරට අභියෝග කරමින්' විශාල ලෙස පුළුල් විය.

සාමාන්‍යයෙන් ආර්ථික විද්‍යා ආකෘති වල තර්කනයේ  විවරණයන් මගින්, න්‍යාය සම්බන්ධතා නිරූපනය කිරීම සඳහා ද්විමාණ ප්‍රස්තාර භාවිතා කරණු ලබයි. සාමාන්‍යකරණයේ ඉහළ තලයකදී පෝල් සැමුවෙල්සන්ගේ ආර්ථික විශ්ලේෂණයේ පදනම (1947) ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂමූල දත්ත මගින් නිශ්ප්‍රභා කලහැකි' අර්ථවත් ආර්ථික විද්‍යා සිද්ධාන්ත පරීක්ෂා කිරීමට' ගණිතමය ක්‍රම යොදාගන්නේ කෙසේදැයි පෙන්වා දෙන ලදී.  එවැනි අදහස් න්‍යාය පරීක්ෂා කිරීම සඳහා අවකාශ ලබාදෙයි.

ඇතැම් පුද්ගලයන් ගණිතමය ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කරයි.  සරල තර්කයකට ඔබ්බෙන් වන ඕනෑම දෙයක් ආර්ථීක විශ්ලේෂණයට අනවශ්‍යය හා නුසුදුසු වේ යයි ඔස්ට්‍රියානු ආර්ථික විද්‍යා ගුරුකුලය තර්ක කරයි. සැබෑ ලෝකයේ සංසිද්ධීන් විස්තර කිරීමේ කල්පිත නිගාමී ක්‍රමය ඇතලත්ව තවමත් ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව විශිෂ්ඨ සමුච්චිත සූතකරණ සංකල්ප හා ක්‍රම යොදා ගනී. දෙවැන්නට උදාහරණයක් ලෙස ආර්ථික විද්‍යා අන්තරාය ලෙස ඇතැම්විට හඳුන්වන ආර්ථික විද්‍යා නොවන ක්ෂේත්‍ර කරා සූක්ෂම ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව විස්තාරණය කිරීම දැක්විය හැකිය.

ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව

ආර්ථික විද්‍යා තර්කනය


Charles Locke Eastlake (11 March 1836 – 20 November 1906) was a British architect and furniture designer.

His uncle, Sir Charles Lock Eastlake PRA (born in 1793), was a Keeper of the National Gallery, from 1843 to 1847, and from 1855 its first director, which results in some confusion between the two men, whose names are distinguished only by the presence or absence of an "e" in their middle names.

The style of furniture named after him, Eastlake style, flourished during the later half of the nineteenth century.  The Eastlake movement, a style of architecture, with old English and Gothic elements, is also named for him.

Life
Eastlake was born March 11, 1836, in Plymouth. His formal education included studies at the Westminster School and the Royal Academy where he discovered an interest in architecture, along with the talent for drawing and painting in watercolors. Eastlake furthered his education with three years of travel throughout France, Italy, and Germany, developing his love for medieval building and architecture. Trained by the architect Philip Hardwick (1792–1870), he popularized William Morris's notions of decorative arts in the Arts and Crafts style, becoming one of the principal exponents of the revived Early English or Modern Gothic style popular during the nineteenth century. His book, A History of the Gothic Revival, published in 1872, depicted buildings of English Gothic architectural style and the Gothic Revival built between 1820 and 1870. This was influential to revivalists interested in restoring the language of Gothic tradition in England.

Although he had the qualifications of an architect, Eastlake did not practice as one. In the years 1855 and 1856 he put forward several architectural designs for a number of projects, including a design for the Rugby Town Hall, but all were rejected. In the years following, Eastlake instead focused on journalism, the occasional design of interior goods, and furniture design. He did not make any furniture; his designs were produced by professional cabinet makers.

In 1868 he published Hints on Household Taste in Furniture, Upholstery and other Details, which was very influential in Britain, and later in the United States, where the book was published in 1872. From 1866 to 1877 he was secretary to the Royal Institute of British Architects, and from 1878 to 1898 he was Keeper of the National Gallery, London.

He died, aged 70, at Leinster Square, Bayswater, and was buried at Kensal Green.

Artistic recognition

A bust of Eastlake by John Gibson is held in the National Portrait Gallery, London.

See also
Humewood Castle
Stick-Eastlake

Notes

References

Bibliography
 A History of the Gothic Revival: an Attempt to Show How the Taste for Mediæval Architecture, which Lingered in England during the Two Last Centuries Has since Been Encouraged and Developed. Publisher: Longmans, Green & Co.,  London  1872;
 Hints on Household Taste in Furniture, Upholstery, and Other Details.  Edited by Charles C. Perkins. Publisher: J. R. Osgood, Boston  1874
 Notes on the Principal Pictures in the Brera Gallery at Milan. Publisher: Longmans and Co., London 1883;
 Notes on the Principal Pictures in the Louvre. Publisher: Longmans and Co., London 1883;  1883
 Notes on the Principal Pictures in the Old Pinakothek at Munich. Publisher: Longmans & Co, London 1884;
 Notes on the Principal Pictures in the Accademia in Venice, 1888
Art for the Nation: Sir Charles Eastlake at the National Gallery. Exhibition at the National Gallery 27 July – 30 October 2011

19th-century English architects
British furniture designers
People from Plymouth, Devon
1836 births
1906 deaths
Architects from Devon

Charles Eastlake


Bolbostemma, maleni bijni rod iz porodice tikvovki raširen po Kini. Postoje dvije priznate vrste koje su nekada bile uključivane u rod Actinostemma.

Rod je smješten u tribus Actinostemmateae.

Vrste
 Bolbostemma biglandulosum (Hemsl.) Franquet
 Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet

Izvori

Tikvovke

Bolbostemma


Krems, službeno Krems an der Donau (hrv. Krems na Dunavu), statutarni grad u Donjoj Austriji. U gradu živi 24.011 stanovnika.

Krems je administrativni centar istoimenog kotara od 56.277 stanovnika.

Zemljopisne karakteristike
Krems leži u Donjoj Austriji, 70 km sjeverozapadno od Beča, na ušću rijeke Krems u Dunav.

Krems je poznat kao istočni (bečki) ulaz u poznatu Dolinu Wachau.

Panorama

Povijest
Krems se prvi put spominje 995. godine kao carska fortifikacija. Status grada dobio je u 12. stoljeću, kad je imao vlastitu kovnicu novca.

Od njegove srednjovjekovne utvrde ostali su do danas očuvani toranj s ulaznim vratima u grad (Steiner Tor), toranj za barut (Pulverturm) i gotički Gozzoburg.

Krems je 1938. apsorbirao susjedne gradove Stein an der Donau i Mautern (podignut na mjestu nekadašnjeg rimskog kastruma).

Stanovništvo

Znamenitosti
Pored utvrde iz 13. stoljeća, najznačajnije građevine su župna crkva crkva Svetog Vida (njem. Sankt Veit)
restaurirana 1616. – 1630. jedna od najstarijih austrijskih baroknih crkva.

Privreda
Krems ima nešto metale i kemijske industrije ali je prije svega trgovačko - servisni centar svoje okolice.

Krems je poznat po proizvodnji vina i ima nekoliko odličnih vinarija, pa ga nakon berbe grožđa posjećuje puno vinskih znalaca.

Gradovi prijatelji
  Ribe, Danska
  Böblingen, Njemačka
  Beaune, Francuska
  Passau, Njemačka
  Kroměříž, Češka
  Grapevine, SAD

Galerija

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena stranica

Statutarni gradovi Austrije

Krems an der Donau


An Notylia micrantha in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Lindley. An Notylia micrantha in nahilalakip ha genus nga Notylia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Guyana. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Notylia

Notylia micrantha


SDSS J081855.77+095848.0 ou SDSS J0818+0958 est un très lointain quasar avec un redshift supérieur a 3.6, émission unique, il se situe dans la constellation du Cancer à plus de 5 milliards d'années-lumière

Découverte
SDSS J081855.77+095848.0 a été découvert par le SDSS-DR5 survey, qui est une étude du ciel dans le domaine du visible. Cette étude a relevé plus d'un millier de quasars.

Caractéristiques

Catégorie de SDSS J0818
Ce quasar fait partie des quasars à grossissement rapide, ce quasar grossirait d'environ 10 masses solaires par an, il fait aussi partie des quasars ionisateurs de deutérium. Cette ionisation de deutérium a été trouvée grâce au relevé astronomique du 2MASS, l'ionisation du deutérium fait principalement partie de l'émission d'infrarouges de SDSS J0818

Luminosité variable de SDSS J0818
SDSS J0818 est un quasar avec une luminosité très variable, la magnitude apparente de SDSS J0818 varie de 17.96 à 16.599 à 16.457 à 15.348. Cette variabilité n'est pas régulière mais elle n'a pas encore été étudiée.

Masse de SDSS J0818
Selon la source  la masse de SDSS J081855.77+095848.0 serait de 12 milliards de masses solaires (il est très similaire à SDSS J102325.31+514251.0 ou 2MASS J11595433+2019212).

Notes et références

Trou noir supermassif
Quasar
Constellation du Cancer

SDSS J081855.77+095848.0


Ano Doliana (Ano care înseamnă "superior", , ) sau pur și simplu Doliana, este un sat montan construit din piatră în municipalitatea Kynouria de Nord, în estul Arcadiei, Grecia.  Din 2011 avea 90 de locuitori. Este o așezare tradițională protejată.

Activități

Traseul european de lungă distanță E4 traversează chiar Doliana, ceea ce îl face un loc ideal pentru drumeții.

Referințe

Legături externe

 Site-ul Parnon Trail  (in engleza)
 Run Doliana - Jumătate de maraton (în greacă)
 Asociația Patriotică Doliana (în greacă)

Articole cu surse în limba greacă (el)

Arcadia
Orașe din Grecia

Ano Doliana


George Eliott  Clarkson (né le  à Toronto, mort le  à Londres) est un joueur britannique de hockey sur glace.

Famille
Sa mère, une Anglaise, rejoignit le dominion durant son adolescence, son père en revanche descend de colons anglais sur deux générations.

Carrière
Guy Clarkson étudie l'ingénierie à l'université de Toronto et joue dans l'équipe universitaire, les Varsity Blues. Après son premier diplôme en 1913, il vient en Angleterre pour étudier la chimie à l'université de Leeds où il rencontre Anna qu'il épousera en 1919.

Il commence à jouer pour le Princes Ice Hockey Club, qui représente l'Angleterre au Championnat de la LIHG en 1914 et qui remporte la compétition. Il est également arbitre.

Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, il sert comme soldat. Après, il est employé par son beau-père, Max Mannaberg, industriel de l'acier dans le nord de l'Angleterre et en Écosse. En 1920, il représente la Grande-Bretagne à la Coupe Bouvier à Saint-Moritz. Dans les années 1920, Clarkson s'installe à Londres où lui et son épouse ont sept enfants.

Guy Clarkson fait partie de l'équipe nationale de Grande-Bretagne qui remporte la médaille de bronze aux Jeux olympiques de 1924 à Chamonix. D'abord sélectionné comme entraîneur, il doit être joueur lors de trois matchs du tournoi. Il avait disputé auparavant le match de sélection de l'équipe entre l'armée et les civils.

Comme sa femme est d'origine juive, il décide de revenir au Canada début  après avoir visité l'Autriche, peu après l'Anschluss en 1938, profitant du tout dernier voyage de la reine Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. Clarkson fonde une imprimerie à Buffalo, aux États-Unis. Clarkson rentre en Angleterre après sa vente en 1958.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en janvier 1891
Naissance à Toronto
Décès en octobre 1974
Décès à 83 ans
Décès à Londres
Joueur canadien de hockey sur glace
Joueur anglais de hockey sur glace
Joueur de hockey sur glace aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1924
Médaillé de bronze olympique britannique
Attaquant de hockey sur glace
Militaire britannique de la Première Guerre mondiale

Guy Clarkson


Olaylar
 IV. Haçlı Seferi gerçekleşti, Haçlılar ve Latinler İstanbul'u işgal ettiler.
 Konstantinopolis Kuşatması gerçekleşti.
 Latinler, İstanbul'u işgal ederek Latin İmparatorluğunu kurdular (dağılışı 1261).
 IV. Haçlı Seferi sonucunda Aleksios Komnenos, Trabzon İmparatorluğu'nu kurdu.
 İznik İmparatorluğu kuruldu (dağılışı 1261).
 Zürih Üniversite Hastanesi kuruldu.

Doğumlar
 IV. Haakon, Haakonsson, Norveç Kralı (ö. 1263)

Ölümler
 1 Ocak - III. Haakon, Norveç Kralı
 Ocak - II. İsaakios, Bizans imparatoru (d. 1156)
 8 Şubat
 IV. Aleksios, Bizans imparatoru (d. y. 1182)
 Nikolaos, Bizans imparatoru
 1 Nisan - Eleanor, Akitanya Düşesi, döneminin en güçlü kadınlarından biri (d. 1122)
 13 Aralık - Musa bin Meymun, Musevî filozof, hahambaşı, yasa koyucu, Talmud bilgini ve vezaret tabibi (d. 1135)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 II. Süleyman Şah, Türkiye Selçuklu Sultanı
 Ban Kulin, Bosna Banlığı hükümdarı (d. 1163)
 Gevher Nesibe Sultan, II. Kılıçarslan'ın kızı

1204


Porto Rico participe aux Jeux paralympiques d'hiver de 2022 à Pékin en Chine du 4 au . Il s'agit de sa première participation à des Jeux paralympiques d'hiver.

La délégation est très restreinte avec un seul skieur assis, Orlando Perez.

Compétition

Ski alpin

Orlando Perez, originaire de Caguas, a servi dans l'armée américaine et a été blessé dans l'exercice de ses fonctions, le laissant paralysé au niveau de la taille aux pieds. Il pratique d'abord le basket-fauteuil et prend sa retraite sportive en 2017. Il se fixe alors comme objectif d'être le premier portoricain à participer aux jeux paralympiques d'hiver. Il est alors invité par Comité international paralympique à concourir, même si un problème administratif a failli empêcher sa venue.

Notes et références

Articles connexes
 Jeux paralympiques d'hiver de 2022
 Porto Rico aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022
 Porto Rico aux Jeux paralympiques

Porto Rico
2022
Jeux paralympiques d'hiver

Porto Rico aux Jeux paralympiques d'hiver de 2022


Cernobîl. Zona de excludere (în ) este un serial rusesc de mister care a fost difuzat pe canalele de televizune rusești TNT și TV-3.

Premiera primului sezon al serialului a avut loc la data de 13 octombrie 2014, pe canalul TNT, iar premiera celui de-al doilea sezon, pe 10 noiembrie 2017, pe canalul TV-3.

După difuzarea celor două sezoane, povestea nu s-a încheiat, în loc de sezonul 3 al serialului, producția a realizat 3 filme, care au 3 finaluri diferite. Acestea au avut premiera pe 19 septembrie 2019, 26 septembrie 2019 și, respectiv, pe 3 octombrie 2019.

Distribuție

Note

Vezi și
Cernobîl (serial)

Seriale de televiziune fantastice
Seriale de televiziune din 2014
Accidentul nuclear de la Cernobîl

Cernobîl. Zona de excludere


විද්‍යුත් සිගරට් හෙවත් e සිගරට් යනු විදුලිය මගින් නිකොටින් වාශ්ප නිකුත්කර දුම්කොල සිගරට් උරාබීම සමානාකෘති කිරීම සඳහා යොදුගන්නා ක්‍රමයකි.

සෞඛ්‍යය

ඇබ්බැහිවීම
විද්‍යුත් සිගරට් හේතුකොට ළමුන් අතර නිකොටින් සහ සිගරට් භාවිතය සහ ඇබ්බැහිවීම ඉහලයන බවට ලෝක සෞඛ්‍ය සංවිධානය ඇතුළු සංවිධාන කනස්සල්ල පලකොට ඇත.

ආරක්‍ෂිත බව
සාම්ප්‍රදායික දුම්කොල සිගරට් තරම් විෂ වර්ග සංඛ්‍යාවක් මේවායේ අඩංගු නොවේ.

දුම්බීම නැවැත්වීමේ ආධාරකයක් ලෙස
දුම්කොළ දුම් බීමට ඇබ්බැහි වූවන් ඉන් මුදවාගනු පිනිස විද්‍යුත් සිගරට් භාවිතය ඵලදායී නොවන බව ලෝක සෞඛ්‍ය සංවිධානය විසින් පෙන්වාදී ඇත.

භාවිතය
ක්‍රි.ව. 2008 දී 50000ක් වූ විද්‍යුත් සිගරට් වෙළෙඳාම 2012 වනවිට ලක්‍ෂ 35 දක්වා ඉහළ ගොස් ඇත.

නීතිමය තත්‍වය

යුරෝපය
ක්‍රි.ව 2013 ඔක්තොම්බර් 8 දින යුරෝපියානු පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ සම්මත වූ යෝජනාවට අනුව විද්‍යුත් සිගරට්ද නීතිය ඉදිරියේ දුමකොළ නිෂ්පාදන ලෙසම සැලකෙනු ඇත. මේ අනුව අවුරුදු 18ට අඩු පුද්ගලයන්ට විද්‍යුත් සිගරට් විකිණීම සහ විද්‍යුත් සිගරට් වෙළෙඳ ප්‍රචාරණය තහනම්ය.

උතුරු ඇමරිකාව
 ඇමරිකා එක්සත් ජනපදය: ක්‍රි.ව. 2010 ජනවාරි මසදී ෆෙඩරල් අධිකරණයක් දුන් තීන්දුවකට අනුව "මෙම (විද්‍යුත් සිගරට් සබැඳි) උපකරණ ඖෂධ වලට අදාල නීතිය යටතේ නොව දුම්කොළ සම්බන්ධ නීති යටතේ පාලනය විය යුතුය. "
 කැනඩාව : සෞඛ්‍ය සබැඳි වාසි ඇති බව සඳහන් නොකර විකිණීමට අවසර ඇත.

මැද පෙරදිග
 එක්සත් අරාබි එමීර් රාජ්‍යය: විකිණීම සහ භාවිතය සපුරා තහනම්ය

ආසියාව
 ශ්‍රී ලංකාව: මෙම උපකරණ වෙළෙඳ ප්‍රචාරණය සහ වෙළෙඳාම නිදහසේ සිදුවන අතර මේ හා සම්බන්ධ කිසිදු නීතියක් හෝ රෙගුලාසියක් හෝ නැත.
 ජපානය : මේ සම්බන්ධයෙන්ම සැකසූ නීති නැත.

සිගරට් වර්ග

විද්‍යුත් සිගරට්


O Hospital Rio Grande é um complexo-hospitalar privado localizado em Natal, no Rio Grande do Norte, no Brasil. É o terceiro maior hospital da Região Nordeste.

Fundado em 27 de março de 2018, pelos grupos de saúde Delfin Saúde e Incor Natal, a instituição funciona 24 horas por dia como pronto-socorro, nas mais diversas especialidades médicas.

A Maternidade Dr. Delfin Gonzalez, anexada ao hospital, também faz parte da estrutura da unidade, tornando-o uma unidade hospitalar completa.

Controvérsias
No dia 7 de maio de 2022, o diretor do hospital, o médico Luiz Roberto Fonseca, trocou agressões com o pai de um paciente após, segundo informações da Tribuna do Norte, o homem ter xingado funcionários do hospital por uma suposta demora no atendimento a uma criança. Os dois teriam trocado agressões. Outros pacientes registraram o caso e divulgaram nas redes sociais.

Posteriormente, o mesmo jornal veiculou mais uma reportagem onde um vídeo comprova que o diretor do hospital foi xingado e agredido pelo pai da criança, precisando contê-lo.

Rio Grande

Hospital Rio Grande


Ferdinand Paul Wirtgen (Coblenza, 7 de enero de 1848-Bonn, 26 de enero de 1924) fue un botánico, y pteridólogo alemán. Estudió Farmacia en Coblenza y Saarbrücken, licenciándose en examen estatal en Bonn, en 1872.

Biografía
Fue farmacéutico en Ettenheim, entre 1873-1875; y en Baden, en 1878. Y finalmente en 1889 en Bonn hasta 1920. Ese año, fue nombrado profesor honorario de la Universidad de Bonn.

Hizo el servicio en un hospital de la guarnición del ejército en Koblenz (1870-71). Luego estudió farmacia en Bonn, y más tarde pasó dos años como farmacéutico en la ciudad de Ettenheim. En 1875, regresó a St. Johann, donde finalmente se hizo con la propiedad de una farmacia. Desde 1889 en adelante, vivió en Bonn, donde centró sus energías hacia la investigación botánica.

Como botánico, hizo excursiones a Borkum, el Harz, Bosque Negro, cordillera de los Vosgos y a Suiza. Su trabajo consistía en estudios en los campos de florística, fitogeografía y sistemática vegetal, de la que llevó a cabo investigaciones sistemáticas en helecho s, y también plantas de los géneros  Verbascum, Rubus, Salix, Rumex, Mentha, Rosa, Carex, Epilobium.

Durante su carrera, acumuló un herbario de más de 210.000 ejemplares.

Principales publicaciones
 Das Seltenerwerden und Verschwinden einzelner Pflanzenarten der Rheinischen Flora, 1905.
 Die botanischen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, 1907
 Zur Flora des Vereinsgebietes, 1908.

Honores
 Miembro de la Royal Society

Eponimia
Géneros

Especies

Referencias

Botánicos de Alemania del siglo XIX
Botánicos de Alemania del siglo XX
Pteridólogos de Alemania del siglo XIX
Exploradores de Alemania del siglo XIX
Profesores de la Universidad de Bonn
Escritores en alemán del siglo XX
Miembros extranjeros de la Royal Society
Nacidos en Coblenza

Ferdinand Paul Wirtgen


Stephanie Forrest (nascida por volta de 1958) é uma cientista da computação americana e diretora do Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society no Biodesign Institute da Arizona State University.  Ela foi anteriormente Distinguished Professor de Ciência da Computação na Universidade do Novo México em Albuquerque. Ela é mais conhecida por seu trabalho em sistemas adaptativos, incluindo algoritmos genéticos, imunologia computacional, modelagem biológica, reparo automatizado de software  e segurança de computadores..

Trabalho
Os interesses de pesquisa de Forrest estão no campo de "sistemas adaptativos, incluindo algoritmos genéticos, imunologia computacional, modelagem biológica, reparo automatizado de software e segurança de computadores".

De acordo com as Academias Nacionais, sua pesquisa desde a década de 1990 incluiu "desenvolver o primeiro sistema prático de detecção de intrusão de anomalias; projetar respostas automatizadas para ataques cibernéticos; escrever um artigo influente inicial propondo a diversidade automática de software e introduzindo a randomização do conjunto de instruções como uma implementação particular; desenvolvendo representações de dados não criptográficas que melhoram a privacidade; modelagem baseada em agente de redes computacionais de grande escala; e, recentemente, trabalhou no reparo automatizado de vulnerabilidades de segurança. Ela conduziu muitos projetos de modelagem computacional em biologia, onde suas especialidades são imunologia e doenças evolutivas, como Gripe e câncer".

Bibliografia selecionada
Forrest é autora e coautora de muitas publicações em sua área de especialização. Uma seleção:

 Forrest, Stephanie, et al. "Self-nonself discrimination in a computer." Research in Security and Privacy, 1994. Proceedings., 1994 IEEE Computer Society Symposium on. Ieee, 1994.
 Forrest, Stephanie, et al. "A sense of self for unix processes." Security and Privacy, 1996. Proceedings., 1996 IEEE Symposium on. IEEE, 1996.
 Hofmeyr, Steven A., Stephanie Forrest, and Anil Somayaji. "Intrusion detection using sequences of system calls." Journal of computer security 6.3 (1998): 151–180.
 Warrender, Christina, Stephanie Forrest, and Barak Pearlmutter. "Detecting intrusions using system calls: Alternative data models." Security and Privacy, 1999. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Symposium on. IEEE, 1999.
 Hofmeyr, Steven A., and Stephanie Forrest. "Architecture for an artificial immune system." Evolutionary computation 8.4 (2000): 443–473.

Referências

Links externos

 Stephanie Forrest at the University of New Mexico
 Stephanie Forrest at Arizona State University

Cientistas da computação dos Estados Unidos

Stephanie Forrest


The year 1855 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Biology
 September – Alfred Russel Wallace publishes "On the Law which has Regulated the Introduction of New Species", which he has written while working in Sarawak on the island of Borneo in February; in December, Edward Blyth brings it to the attention of Charles Darwin.
 Robert Remak publishes Untersuchungen über die Entwickelung der Wirbelthiere in Berlin, providing evidence for cell division, which is supported (but not acknowledged) by Rudolf Virchow.

Cartography
 September – Rev. James Patterson presents the Gall orthographic projection for celestial and terrestrial equal-area cartography.

Chemistry
 May 10 – The Bunsen burner is invented by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen.
 Friedrich Gaedcke first isolates the cocaine alkaloid, which he names "erythroxyline".
 William Odling proposes a methane type (tetravalent) for carbon.
 Charles-Adolphe Wurtz publishes the Wurtz reaction.
 Benjamin Silliman, Jr. pioneers methods of petroleum cracking, which makes the entire modern petrochemical industry possible.

Earth sciences
 Famennian stage proposed by Belgian geologist André Dumont.

Exploration
 November 17 – Dr David Livingstone becomes the first European to see the Victoria Falls.

Medicine
 March – Mary Seacole opens the British Hotel at Balaklava, a nursing and convalescent establishment for Crimean War officers.
 October – The Renkioi temporary hospital, prefabricated in wood to a design by I. K. Brunel, is erected in Turkey to serve Crimean War invalids.
 Thomas Addison describes Addison's disease in On the Constitutional and Local Effects of Disease of the Suprarenal Capsules.
 The third plague pandemic breaks out in Yunnan, China. This bubonic plague pandemic eventually spreads to all inhabited continents, and ultimately leads to more than 12 million deaths in India and China (estimated 15 million worldwide) making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history. The pandemic was considered active until 1960.

Paleontology
 The first archaeopteryx fossil is found in Bavaria, but will not be identified until 1970.

Physics
 James Clerk Maxwell unifies electricity and magnetism into a single theory, classical electromagnetism, thereby showing that light is an electromagnetic wave.
 Heinrich Geißler designs a mercury pump capable of producing a significant vacuum.

Technology
 August 27 – Alphonse Louis Poitevin patents the collotype photographic printing process in France.
 October 17 – Henry Bessemer files his patent for the Bessemer process of steelmaking.
 William Armstrong produces the rifled breech-loading Armstrong Gun.

Institutions
 c. February – Establishment of the Industrial Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh, a predecessor of the National Museum of Scotland, with chemist George Wilson as its director. In August he is also appointed Regius Professor of Technology in the University of Edinburgh, the first such post in Britain. This year also he publishes Researches on Colour-Blindness.
 Opening of Eidgenössische Polytechnische Schule in Zurich, Switzerland.

Publications
 Matthew Fontaine Maury publishes The Physical Geography of the Sea.

Awards
 Copley Medal: Léon Foucault
 Wollaston Medal for Geology: Henry De la Beche

Births
 January 5 – King Camp Gillette (died 1932), American inventor.
 January 21 – John Browning (died 1926), American inventor.
 January 28 – William Seward Burroughs (died 1898), American inventor of the adding machine.
 March 13 – Percival Lowell (died 1916), American astronomer.
 May 12 – Oskar von Miller (died 1934), German electrical engineer and founder of the Deutsches Museum.
 May 29 – David Bruce (died 1931), Australian-born British microbiologist.
 November 5 – Léon Teisserenc de Bort (died 1913), French meteorologist.
 November 7 – Edwin Hall (died 1938), American physicist, discoverer of the "Hall effect".
 Stephen Paget (died 1926), English surgeon.

Deaths
 February 23 – Carl Friedrich Gauss (born 1777), German mathematician.
 February 27 – Bryan Donkin (born 1768), English engineer and inventor.
 March 20 – Joseph Aspdin (born 1778), English inventor.
 April 13 – Henry De la Beche (born 1796), English geologist.
 June 7 – Friederike Lienig (born 1790), Latvian entomologist.
 June 29 – John Gorrie (born 1803), Scottish American physician and inventor.
 July 6 – Andrew Crosse (born 1784), English 'gentleman scientist', pioneer experimenter in electricity.
 July 8 – William Parry (born 1790), English Arctic explorer.
 October 7 – François Magendie (born 1783), French physiologist.
 December 6 – William John Swainson (born 1789), English naturalist.

References

19th century in science
1850s in science

1855 in science


Craiova văzută din car este un film românesc din 1974 regizat de Titus Mesaroș.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1974 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1974
Filme documentare românești

Craiova văzută din car


Brigitte Bauma (* 7. September 1965 in Graz; eigentlich Brigitte Harten, geboren als Brigitte Baumhackl) ist eine österreichische Opernsängerin im Fach jugendlich-dramatischer Sopran.

Leben
Brigitte Bauma wurde in Graz geboren, wo sie auch aufwuchs. Neben der Schule nahm sie von 1978 bis 1983 Klavier- und Gesangsunterricht am Johann-Joseph-Fux-Konservatorium. Nach ihrer Matura begann sie 1983 ihr Studium an der Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Graz. 1988 schloss sie das Studium mit einem Diplom mit Auszeichnung im Fach Gesang/Oper ab. 1989 fand ihre Sponsion zur Magistra artium statt (Thema der schriftlichen Arbeit: Die Figur der Elisabeth in Richard Wagners Tannhäuser und ihre Deutung in Regiekonzepten des 20. Jahrhunderts).
Danach folgte ein Gesangsstudium an der Accademia Ottorino Respighi in Rom. Seit 1999 erhält sie privaten Gesangsunterricht bei Johanna Lotte Fecht.

Brigitte Bauma war von 1990 bis 1992 an den Vereinigten Bühnen Graz. In den folgenden fünf Jahren war sie am Stadttheater Hildesheim. Seit 1997 ist sie am Landestheater Detmold. Im August 2022 wurde ihr der Titel Kammersängerin am Landestheater Detmold verliehen, für langjährige und außerordentliche Verdienste um das Landestheater Detmold. 1991 war sie Mitglied im Chor der Richard-Wagner-Festspiele in Bayreuth.
Hinzu kommen mehrere Gastengagements an anderen Theatern.

Brigitte Bauma wurde mehrfach als Gastsolistin von verschiedenen Bühnen engagiert. Außerdem entstanden von der Produktion "Chlestakows Wiederkehr" am Landestheater Detmold ein DVD-Mitschnitt sowie eine CD mit Wiener Liedern mit dem Tenor Stan Meus und dem Quartett Salut Salon.

Seit 1999 ist Bauma in der Jury von Jugend musiziert in Deutschland tätig, seit 2003 gehört sie zur Jury des Internationalen Robert Stolz Gesangswettbewerbes in Hamburg.

Auszeichnungen, Preise
 Mehrmalige erste Preisträgerin bei Jugend musiziert, Österreich
 1986: Stipendium des Richard Wagner-Verbandes, Graz
 1988: Gundula-Janowitz-Stipendium
 1988: Würdigungspreis des Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Wien
 1988: 1. Preis von Jury und Publikum im Internationalen Robert-Stolz-Gesangswettbewerb, Hamburg
 1989: 3. Preis im Internationalen Wettbewerb "Franz Schubert und Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts", Graz
 2001: "Kritikuß des Monats April" – Kleiner Kulturpreis des Westfalen-Blatts für Verdienste um die Pflege der Theaterkultur in Ostwestfalen-Lippe
 2012: "Stern der Woche" der Neuen Westfälischen, der Lippischen Landeszeitung und des Haller Kreisblatts für die Rolle der Kundry im Detmolder Parsifal

Weblinks
 Internetpräsenz von Brigitte Bauma
 Internetpräsenz des Landestheaters Detmold

Einzelnachweise

Sänger klassischer Musik
Sopran
Österreicher
Geboren 1965
Frau
Ensemblemitglied des Landestheaters Detmold

Brigitte Bauma


Tang dynasty art () refers to Chinese art created during the Tang dynasty (618–907). The period saw significant advancements in arts such as painting, sculpture, calligraphy, music, dance, and literature. During the Tang dynasty, the capital city Chang'an (today's Xi'an), was the most populous city in the known world, and the era is generally regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization and a golden age of Chinese literature and art.

In several areas developments during the Tang set the direction for many centuries to come.  This was especially so in pottery, with glazed plain wares in celadon green and whitish porcelaineous types brought to a high level, and exported on a considerable scale. In painting, the period saw the peak level of Buddhist painting, and the emergence of the landscape painting tradition known as shanshui (mountain-water) painting.

Trading along the Silk Road of various products increased cultural diversity in small China cities.  Stimulated by contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a flowering of creativity in many fields. Buddhism, originating in what is modern day India around the time of Confucius, continued to flourish during the Tang period and was adopted by the imperial family, becoming thoroughly sinicized and a permanent part of Chinese traditional culture. Block printing made the written word available to vastly greater audiences.

Culturally, the An Lushan Rebellion of 745-763 weakened the confidence of the elite, and brought an end to the lavish style of tomb figures, as well as reducing the outward-looking culture of the early Tang, that was receptive to foreign influences from further west in Asia.  The Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution, in fact against all foreign religions, which reached its peak in 845, had a great impact on all the arts, but especially the visual arts, greatly reducing demand for artists.

Painting

A considerable amount of literary and documentary information about Tang painting has survived, but very few works, especially of the highest quality.  There is a good deal of biographical information and art criticism, mostly from later periods such as the Ming dynasty, several centuries after the Tang; the accuracy of this needs to be considered, and much of it was probably already based on seeing copies of the art, not originals.  With a very few exceptions, traditional attributions of particular scroll paintings to Tang masters are now regarded with suspicion by art historians.

A walled-up cave in the Dunhuang (Mogao Caves) complex was discovered by Aurel Stein, which contained a vast haul, mostly of Buddhist writings, but also some banners and paintings, making much the largest group of paintings on silk to survive.  These are now in the British Museum and elsewhere.  They are not of court quality, but show a variety of styles, including those with influences from further west.  As with sculpture, other survivals showing Tang style are in Japan, though the most important, at Nara, was very largely destroyed in a fire in 1949.

The rock-cut cave complexes and royal tombs also contain many wall-paintings; the paintings in the Qianling Mausoleum are the most important group of the latter, mostly now removed to a museum.  Not all the royal tombs have yet been opened.  Court painting mostly survives in what are certainly or arguably copies from much later, such as Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy, probably a later copy of the 7th century original by Yan Liben, though the front section of the famous portrait of the Emperor Xuanzong's horse Night-Shining White is probably an original by Han Gan of 740–760.  Yan Liben is an example of a famous painter who was also a very important official.

Most Tang artists outlined figures with fine black lines and used brilliant color and elaborate detail filling in the outlines.  However, Wu Daozi used only black ink and freely painted brushstrokes to create ink paintings that were so exciting that crowds gathered to watch him work.  From his time on, ink paintings were no longer thought to be preliminary sketches or outlines to be filled in with color.  Instead, they were valued as finished works of art.

The Tang dynasty saw the maturity of the landscape painting tradition known as shanshui (mountain-water) painting, which became the most prestigious type of Chinese painting, especially when practiced by amateur scholar-official or "literati" painters in ink-wash painting.  In these landscapes, usually monochromatic and sparse, the purpose was not to reproduce exactly the appearance of nature but rather to grasp an emotion or atmosphere so as to catch the "rhythm" of nature.

Pottery

Chinese ceramics saw many significant developments, including the first Chinese porcelain meeting both Western and Chinese definitions of porcelain, in Ding ware and related types. The earthenware Tang dynasty tomb figures are better known in the West today, but were only made to placed in elite tombs close to the capital in the north, between about 680 and 760.  They were perhaps the last significant fine earthenwares to be produced in China. Many are lead-glazed sancai (three-colour) wares; others are unpainted or were painted over a slip; the paint has now often fallen off.

Sancai was also used for vessels for burial, and perhaps for use; the glaze was less toxic than in the Han, but perhaps still to be avoided for use at the dining table.  The typical shape is the "offering tray", a round or circular and lobed shape with geometrically regular floral-type decoration in the centre.

In the south the wares from the Changsha Tongguan Kiln Site in Tongguan are significant as the first regular use of underglaze painting; examples have been found in many places in the Islamic world. However the production tailed off and underglaze painting remained a minor technique for several centuries.

Yue ware was the leading high-fired, lime-glazed celadon of the period, and was of very sophisticated design, patronized by the court.  This was also the case with the northern porcelains of kilns in the provinces of Henan and Hebei, which for the first time met the Western as well as the Eastern definition of porcelain, being a pure white and translucent.  One of the first mentions of porcelain by a foreigner was in the Chain of Chronicles written by the Arab traveler and merchant Suleiman in 851 AD during the Tang dynasty who recorded that:
The Arabs were well used to glass, and he was certain that the porcelain that he saw was not that.

Yaozhou ware or Northern Celadon also began under the Tang, though like Ding ware its best period was under the next Song dynasty.

Sculpture

Most sculpture before the official rejection of Buddhism in 845 was religious, and a vast amount was destroyed during the Tang period itself, with most of the rest lost in later periods.  There were many bronze and wooden sculptures, whose style is best seen in the survivals in Japanese temples. Monumental sculpture in stone, and also terracotta, has survived at several complexes of rock-cut temples, of which the largest and most famous are the Longmen Grottoes and the Mogao Caves (at Dunhuang), both of which were at their peak of expansion during the Tang.  The best combined "the Indian feeling for solid, swelling form and the Chinese genius for expression in terms of linear rhythm ... to produce a style which was to become the basis of all later Buddhist sculpture in China."

The tomb-figures are discussed above; though probably not treated very seriously as art by their producers, and sometimes rather sloppily made, and especially painted, they remain vigorous and effective as sculpture, especially when animals and foreigners are depicted, the latter with an element of caricature.  A rather different class and type of tomb sculpture is seen in the reliefs of the six favourite horses at the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong (d. 649).  By tradition these were designed by the court painter Yan Liben, and the relief is so flat and linear that it seems likely they were carved after drawings or paintings.

Metalwork and decorative arts

Tang elite metalwork, surviving mostly in bronze or silver cups and mirrors, is often of superb quality, decorated using a variety of techniques, and often inlaid with gold and other metals.  An exceptionally fine deposit is the collection in the Tōdai-ji in Nara in Japan of the personal goods of Emperor Shōmu, given to the Buddhist shrine by his daughter Empress Kōmyō after her father's death in 756.  As well as metalwork, paintings and calligraphy, this includes furniture, glass, lacquer and wood pieces such as musical instruments and board games.  Most is probably made in China, though some is Japanese and some from the Middle East.

Another important deposit was discovered in 1970 at Xi'an when the Hejia Village hoard was uncovered by construction. Placed into two large ceramic pots, 64 cm high, and a silver one, 25 cm high, this was a large collection of over a thousand objects, altogether representing a rather puzzling collection.  Several of them were gold or silver vessels and other objects of the highest quality, as well as hardstone carvings in jade and agate, and gemstones.  It was probably hidden in a hurry during the An Lushan revolt, in which the Tang capital was taken more than once.  Many of the objects are imported, mostly from along the Silk Road, especially Sogdia, and others show Sogdian influence.  Two objects from the hoard (illustrated) are included on the very select official list of Chinese cultural relics forbidden to be exhibited abroad.  The hoard is now in the Shaanxi History Museum.

Architecture

There had been an enormous amount of building of Buddhist temples and monasteries, but in 845 these were all confiscated by the government, and the great majority destroyed. The normal construction material for buildings other than towers, pagodas, and military works in the Tang was still wood, which does not survive very long if not maintained.  The rock-cut architecture of the famous surviving sites of course survives neglect far better, but the Chinese generally left the external facades of cave-temples unornamented, unlike the Indian equivalents at sites like the Ajanta Caves.

Two large Tang pagodas survive in the capital, now Xi'an, which otherwise has few remains dating back to the Tang. The oldest is the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, rebuilt in 704 in brick, and reduced in height after damage in the 1556 Shaanxi earthquake.  The Small Wild Goose Pagoda was also rebuilt in 704, but only lost a few metres in the earthquake.  Some Tang pagodas tried to reconcile the form with the Indian shikara temple tower, or even had a stupa as part of the superstructure; the Tahōtō at the Ishiyama-dera temple in Japan is a surviving later example, with a roof on top of the stupa.

The main hall of the relatively small rural Nanchan Temple has a main structure of wood.  Much of it appears to have survived from the original construction in 782, and it is recognised as the oldest wooden building in China.  The third oldest is the main hall of the nearby Foguang Temple of 857.

Both are studied for their dougong bracketing systems, joining the roof to the walls.  These complicated arrangements persisted until the end of traditional Chinese architecture, but are often considered to have reached a peak of elegance and harmony in the Song and Yuan dynasties, before becoming over-elaborate and fussy.  The Tang examples show an increase in complexity before the great periods, and the beginnings of the uplift at the edges of roof lines that was to grow stronger in later periods.  Japan has preserved rather more temple halls built in very similar styles (or in many cases has carefully rebuilt them as exact replicas over the centuries).

Music
The first major well-documented flowering of Chinese music was for the qin during the Tang dynasty, though the qin is known to have been played since before the Han dynasty.

Late 20th century excavations of an intact tomb of the period revealed not only a number of instruments (including a spectacular concert bell set) but also inscribed tablets with playing instructions and musical scores for ensemble concerts, which are now heard again as played on reproduction instruments at the Hubei Provincial Museum.

Opera
Chinese opera is generally dated back to the Tang dynasty with Emperor Xuanzong (712–755), who founded the Pear Garden, the first known opera troupe in China. The troupe mostly performed for the emperors' personal pleasure.

Poetry
The poetry of the Tang dynasty is perhaps the most highly regarded poetic era in Chinese poetry. The shi, the classical form of poetry which had developed in the late Han dynasty, reached its zenith.  The anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems, compiled much later, remains famous in China.

During the Tang dynasty, poetry became popular, and writing poetry was considered a sign of learning. One of China's greatest poets was Li Po, who wrote about ordinary people and about nature, which was a powerful force in Chinese art. One of Li Po's short poems, "Waterfall at Lu-Shan", shows how Li Po felt about nature.

Tang dynasty artists

 Bai Juyi (772–846), poet
 Zhou Fang (730–800), painter, also known as Zhou Jing Xuan and Zhong Lang
 Cui Hao (?–754), poet
 Han Gan (718–780), painter
 Zhang Xuan (713–755), painter
 Du Fu  (712–770), poet
 Li Bai (701–762), poet
 Meng Haoran (689 or 691–740), poet
 Wang Wei (699–759), poet, musician, painter
 Wu Tao-Tzu (680–740), famous for the myth of entering an art work
 Zhang Jiuling (678–740), poet

See also
 Chinese art
Qianling Mausoleum

Notes

References

Hansen, Valerie, The Silk Road: A New History, 2015, Oxford University Press, , 9780190218423, google books
Sullivan, Michael, The Arts of China, 1973, Sphere Books,  (revised edn of A Short History of Chinese Art, 1967)
Vainker, S.J., Chinese Pottery and Porcelain, 1991, British Museum Press, 9780714114705

Further reading

Architecture in China

Tang dynasty art


Lya Fett Luft (Santa Cruz do Sul,  – Porto Alegre, ) est une écrivaine et traductrice brésilienne, travaillant principalement dans les combinaisons linguistiques anglais-portugais et allemand-portugais.

Biographie

Elle est professeure de linguistique et de littérature à l'université et a écrit une chronique d'opinion pour le magazine Veja. L'œuvre littéraire de Luft a été traduite dans d'autres langues européennes, dont l'allemand, l'anglais et l'italien.

Notes et références

Œuvres
(titres en portugais)

 Canções de Limiar, 1964
 Flauta Doce, 1972
 Matéria do Cotidiano, 1978
 As Parceiras, 1980
 A Asa Esquerda do Anjo, 1981
 Reunião de Família, 1982
 O Quarto Fechado, 1984
 Mulher no Palco, 1984
 Exílio, 1987
 O Lado Fatal, 1989
 O Rio do Meio, 1996
 Secreta Mirada, 1997
 O Ponto Cego, 1999
 Histórias do Tempo, 2000
 Mar de dentro, 2000
 Perdas e Ganhos, 2003
 Histórias de Bruxa Boa, 2004
 Pensar é Transgredir, 2004
 Para não Dizer Adeus, 2005

Liens externes

Naissance en septembre 1938
Naissance à Santa Cruz do Sul
Traductrice brésilienne
Romancière brésilienne
Poétesse brésilienne
Décès à 83 ans
Mort d'un cancer au Brésil
Décès à Porto Alegre
Décès en décembre 2021

Lya Luft


New Albin ist eine Kleinstadt (mit dem Status "City") im Allamakee County im  äußersten Nordosten des US-amerikanischen Bundesstaates Iowa. Das U.S. Census Bureau hat bei der Volkszählung 2020 eine Einwohnerzahl von 432 ermittelt.

Lage und Verkehr

New Albin liegt auf 43°29′49″ nördlicher Breite und 91°17′14″ westlicher Länge und erstreckt sich über 0,6 km², die  ausschließlich aus Landfläche bestehen. New Albin ist der am äußersten im Nordosten liegende Ort Iowas und am Westufer des Mississippi gelegen, der die Grenze zu Wisconsin bildet. Der nördliche Ortsrand ist zugleich die Grenze zu Minnesota.

Nachbarorte sind Reno in Minnesota (12,2 km nördlich), Eitzen (16,2 km westlich) und Lansing (18,4 km südlich). Der Ort Victory am gegenüberliegenden Mississippiufer ist auf Straßen nur über einen Umweg von 33,4 km über Lansing erreichbar.

Die am nächsten gelegenen größeren Städte sind Iowas Hauptstadt Des Moines (401 km südwestlich), die Quad Cities (281 km südlich), Wisconsins Hauptstadt Madison (204 km ostsüdöstlich) und Minneapolis, die größte Stadt Minnesotas (289 km nordwestlich).

In New Albin trifft der von Westen kommende Iowa Highway 2 auf den Iowa Highway 26, der hier die Great River Road bildet.

Söhne und Töchter der Stadt
 Milt Gantenbein (1909–1988), American-Football-Spieler

Weblinks
 www.city-data.com – New Albin, IA

Einzelnachweise

Ort am Mississippi
Gemeindegründung 1872

New Albin


Josip Kuže (13. november 1952 - 16. juni 2013) var en kroatisk fodboldspiller og træner.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Kroatien

Josip Kuže


Em matemática, especialmente álgebra homológica e outras aplicações da teoria das categorias abelianas, o lema dos cinco é um lema importante e amplamente utilizado sobre diagramas comutativos. O lema dos cinco não é válido apenas para categorias abelianas, mas também funciona na categoria de grupos, por exemplo.

O lema dos cinco pode ser pensado como uma combinação de dois outros teoremas, os lemas dos quatro, que são duais entre si.

Bibliografia

 W. R. Scott: Group Theory, Prentice Hall, 1964.

Álgebra

Lema dos cinco


In corpus linguistics, a collocation is a series of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance. In phraseology, a collocation is a type of compositional phraseme, meaning that it can be understood from the words that make it up. This contrasts with an idiom, where the meaning of the whole cannot be inferred from its parts, and may be completely unrelated.

There are about seven main types of collocations: adjective + noun, noun + noun (such as collective nouns), noun + verb, verb + noun, adverb + adjective, verbs + prepositional phrase (phrasal verbs), and verb + adverb.

Collocation extraction is a computational technique that finds collocations in a document or corpus, using various computational linguistics elements resembling data mining.

Expanded definition
Collocations are partly or fully fixed expressions that become established through repeated context-dependent use. Such terms as crystal clear, middle management, nuclear family, and cosmetic surgery are examples of collocated pairs of words.

Collocations can be in a syntactic relation (such as verb–object: make and decision), lexical relation (such as antonymy), or they can be in no linguistically defined relation.  Knowledge of collocations is vital for the competent use of a language: a grammatically correct sentence will stand out as awkward if collocational preferences are violated.  This makes collocation an interesting area for language teaching.

Corpus linguists specify a key word in context (KWIC) and identify the words immediately surrounding them.  This gives an idea of the way words are used.

The processing of collocations involves a number of parameters, the most important of which is the measure of association, which evaluates whether the co-occurrence is purely by chance or statistically significant.  Due to the non-random nature of language, most collocations are classed as significant, and the association scores are simply used to rank the results.  Commonly used measures of association include mutual information, t scores, and log-likelihood.

Rather than select a single definition, Gledhill proposes that collocation involves at least three different perspectives: co-occurrence, a statistical view, which sees collocation as the recurrent appearance in a text of a node and its collocates; construction, which sees collocation either as a correlation between a lexeme and a lexical-grammatical pattern, or as a relation between a base and its collocative partners; and expression, a pragmatic view of collocation as a conventional unit of expression, regardless of form. These different perspectives contrast with the usual way of presenting collocation in phraseological studies. Traditionally speaking, collocation is explained in terms of all three perspectives at once, in a continuum:

Free combination ↔ bound collocation ↔ frozen idiom

In dictionaries

In 1933, Harold Palmer's Second Interim Report on English Collocations highlighted the importance of collocation as a key to producing natural-sounding language, for anyone learning a foreign language. Thus from the 1940s onwards, information about recurrent word combinations became a standard feature of monolingual learner's dictionaries. As these dictionaries became "less word-centred and more phrase-centred", more attention was paid to collocation. This trend was supported, from the beginning of the 21st century, by the availability of large text corpora and intelligent corpus-querying software, making it possible to provide a more systematic account of collocation in dictionaries. Using these tools, dictionaries such as the Macmillan English Dictionary and the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English included boxes or panels with lists of frequent collocations.

There are also a number of specialized dictionaries devoted to describing the frequent collocations in a language. These include (for Spanish) Redes: Diccionario combinatorio del español contemporaneo (2004),  (for French) Le Robert: Dictionnaire des combinaisons de mots (2007), and (for English) the LTP Dictionary of Selected Collocations (1997) and the Macmillan Collocations Dictionary (2010).

Statistically significant collocation
Student's t-test can be used to determine whether the occurrence of a collocation in a corpus is statistically significant. For a bigram , let  be the unconditional probability of occurrence of  in a corpus with size , and let  be the unconditional probability of occurrence of  in the corpus. The t-score for the bigram  is calculated as:

where  is the sample mean of the occurrence of ,  is the number of occurrences of ,  is the probability of  under the null-hypothesis that  and  appear independently in the text, and  is the sample variance. With a large , the t-test is equivalent to a Z-test.

See also

English collocations
Agreement (linguistics)
Cliché
Collocational restriction
Collostructional analysis
Compound noun, adjective and verb
Government (linguistics)
Idiom (language structure)
Irreversible binomial
Isocolon
Lexical item
N-gram
Phrasal verb
Phraseology
Phraseme
Sketch Engine
Statistically improbable phrase
Word sketch

References

External links

Ozdic Collocation Dictionary
 A Small System Storing Spanish Collocations (Igor A. Bolshakov & Sabino Miranda-Jiménez)
 Morphological characterization of collocations and semantic relationships in Spanish (Sabino Miranda-Jiménez & Igor A. Bolshakov)
 Example of collocations for the word "Surgery" at wordassociations.net

Lexical units
Language education
Corpus linguistics
Semantic relations

Collocation


Solomon Pikelner () a fost un astrofizician sovietic de origine evreiască.

Biografie
Este fiul lui Boris Pikelner. A absolvit Facultatea de Mecanică și Matematică a Universității din Moscova (1942). În anul 1945 a susținut disertația de doctor, iar ulterior și pe cea de doctor habilitat cu o teză privind comportamentul fizic al gazului interstelar. În anul 1964 a devenit profesor la catedra de astrofizică a Facultății de Fizică a Universității din Moscova. Între  anii 1964 și 1967 a fost președinte al Comisiei Uniunii astronomice Internaționale pentru mediul interstelar. A fost membru al colegiului de redacție a revistei Astronomiceskii Jurnal.

Activitatea științifică
Lucrările principale se referă la electrodinamica cosmică, fizica mediului interstelar, atmosferele stelare, Soare, cosmogonie.

Publicații principale
 Fizica mediului interstelar, 1959
 Mediul interstelar, 1963 (în rusă, trad., în colaborare cu S.A. Kaplan), reeditată în anul 1977
 Bazele electrodinamicii cosmice, Ed. Nauka, Moscova, 1966
 Fizica plasmei atmosferei stelare, Ed. Nauka, Moscova, 254 p. (în colab. cu S.A. Kaplan, V.N. Țîtovici)

Distincții și onoruri
 În anul  1971 a fost primit în Societatea astronomică regală din Londra.
 Un asteroid din centura principală îi poartă numele.

Note

Bibliografie
 Колчинский И.Г., Корсунь А.А., Родригес М.Г. Астрономы: Биографический справочник. — 2-е изд., перераб. и доп.. — Наукова думка, Kiev, 1986

Legături externe
 Biografie

Nașteri în 1921
Decese în 1975
Astrofizicieni sovietici
Eponime ale craterelor de pe Lună
Eponime ale asteroizilor

Solomon Pikelner


Houve três cruzadores nomeados de Lützow pela Alemanha:

 , um cruzador de batalha da  da Marinha Imperial Alemã.
 Lützow (cruzador de 1931), um cruzador pesado da Classe Deutschland da Reichsmarine, originalmente chamado de Deutschland e renomeado para Lützow em 1940.
 , um cruzador pesado da Classe Admiral Hipper da Kriegsmarine, vendido incompleto para a Marinha Soviética em 1940.

Lützow (cruzador)


Die Bürgerschaftswahl in Bremen 1963 war die sechste Wahl zur Bürgerschaft in der Freien Hansestadt Bremen. Sie fand am 29. September 1963 statt.

Ergebnis
Die Wahlbeteiligung lag bei 76,1 Prozent. Die SPD in Bremen erreichte zum dritten Mal in Folge die absolute Mehrheit der Sitze und regierte weiterhin mit der FDP im Senat Kaisen VII. Der DP gelang letztmals der Einzug in ein Landesparlament.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Mitglieder der Bremischen Bürgerschaft (6. Wahlperiode)

Weblinks

 Wahlen in Deutschland
 Wahlarchiv der Tagesschau

1963
Bremen Burgerschaft

Bürgerschaftswahl in Bremen 1963


Pavel Andreïevitch Karnaoukhov - en russe :  et en anglais :  - (né le  à Minsk en Biélorussie) est un joueur professionnel russe de hockey sur glace. Il évolue au poste d'attaquant. Son frère Mikhaïl est également professionnel.

Biographie

Carrière en club
Formé au HK Iounost Minsk, il arrive en Russie à l'âge de douze ans. Il rejoint les équipes de jeunes du HK CSKA Moscou. Il débute dans la MHL avec la Krasnaïa Armia en 2013. Il est choisi au premier tour, en cinquante-sixième position lors de la sélection européenne 2014 de la Ligue canadienne de hockey par les Hitmen de Calgary. Il part alors en Amérique du Nord et évolue dans la Ligue de hockey de l'Ouest. Il est choisi au cinquième tour, en cent-trente-sixième position par les Flames de Calgary lors du repêchage d'entrée dans la LNH 2015. Il passe professionnel dans la KHL avec le HK CSKA Moscou en 2016. Il remporte la Coupe Kharlamov 2017 avec la Krasnaïa Armia. Il ajoute à son palmarès la Coupe Gagarine 2019, 2022 et 2023 avec le CSKA.

Carrière internationale
Il représente la Russie au niveau international. Il prend part aux sélections jeunes.

Statistiques
Pour les significations des abréviations, voir statistiques du hockey sur glace.

En club

| 2013-2014 || Krasnaïa Armia || MHL || 48|| 13|| 16|| 29|| 56|| 11|| 3|| 2|| 5|| 4
|-
| 2014-2015 || Hitmen de Calgary || LHOu || 69|| 20|| 22|| 42|| 51|| 17|| 5|| 6|| 11|| 10
|-
| 2015-2016 || Hitmen de Calgary || LHOu || 49|| 12|| 19|| 31|| 52|| 5|| 2|| 1|| 3|| 4
|-
| 2016-2017 || Krasnaïa Armia || MHL || 2|| 0|| 0|| 0|| 4|| 11|| 5|| 5|| 10|| 4
|-
| 2016-2017 || HK CSKA Moscou || KHL || 11|| 0|| 1|| 1|| 12|| 8|| 0|| 0|| 0|| 5
|-
| 2016-2017 || Zvezda Tchekhov || VHL || 24|| 7|| 11|| 18|| 10|| 3|| 0|| 0|| 0|| 2
|-
| 2017-2018 || HK CSKA Moscou || KHL || 11|| 0|| 2|| 2|| 4|| 2|| 0|| 0|| 0|| 8
|-
| 2017-2018 || Zvezda Tchekhov || VHL || 40|| 14|| 19|| 33|| 20|| 1|| 0|| 0|| 0|| 0
|-
| 2018-2019 || HK CSKA Moscou || KHL || 33|| 3|| 6|| 9|| 21|| 12|| 2|| 0|| 2|| 9
|-
| 2018-2019 || Zvezda Moscou || VHL || 9|| 4|| 1|| 5|| 2|| -|| -|| -|| -|| -
|-
| 2019-2020 || HK CSKA Moscou || KHL || 53|| 4|| 5|| 9|| 16|| 4|| 1|| 0|| 1|| 4
|-
| 2020-2021 || HK CSKA Moscou || KHL || 45|| 10|| 6|| 16|| 53|| 23|| 0|| 3|| 3|| 38
|-
| 2021-2022 || HK CSKA Moscou || KHL || 37|| 7|| 6|| 13|| 18|| 22|| 4|| 5|| 9|| 18
|-
| 2022-2023 || HK CSKA Moscou || KHL || 60|| 14 || 15 || 29 || 45 || 27 || 3 || 5 || 8 || 4

Au niveau international

| 2017 || align="left"| Championnat du monde junior || 7 || 2 || 2 || 4 || 4 || +1||align="left"|  Médaille de bronze
|-
| 2021 || align="left"|Championnat du monde || 7|| 2|| 2|| 4|| 0|| +6||align="left"| Cinquième place
|-
| 2022 || align="left"| Jeux olympiques || 6|| 1|| 1|| 2|| 4|| 0|| align="left"|  Médaille d'argent

Notes et références

Naissance à Minsk
Attaquant de hockey sur glace
Naissance en mars 1997
Joueur biélorusse de hockey sur glace
Joueur international russe de hockey sur glace
Choix de repêchage des Flames de Calgary
Choix de repêchage du CSKA Moscou
Champion de la Coupe Gagarine
Joueur du HK CSKA Moscou
Joueur des Hitmen de Calgary
Joueur de hockey sur glace aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022
Médaillé d'argent olympique du Comité olympique de Russie

Pavel Karnaoukhov


A Família Addams, família fictícia criada para tiras de quadrinhos nos anos 1930

Televisão
A Família Addams (série de televisão), exibida na década de 1960
The Addams Family (série animada de 1973)

Cinema
A Família Addams (1991), filme com Anjelica Houston e Raúl Juliá
A Família Addams 2, filme com Anjelica Houston e Raúl Juliá
Addams Family Reunion, filme de 1998 com Daryl Hannah e Tim Curry
A Família Addams (2019), animação com as vozes de Oscar Isaac e Charlize Theron
The Addams Family 2, animação com Oscar Isaac e Charlize Theron

Outros usos
A Família Addams (musical)
The Addams Family (pinball)

A Família Addams (desambiguação)


عين قنيا هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء حاصبيا في محافظة النبطية تضم البلدة حوالي 3000 نسمة موزعين بين أغلبية درزية وأقلية مسيحية من الروم الأرثوذكس، أمّا على الصعيد السياسي ففي عين قنيا يتواجد كل مِن الحزب الديمقراطي اللبناني والحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي وحزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي والحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي والحزب الشيوعي اللبناني. في عين قنيا مجلس بلدي مؤلف من 12 عضواً.

أصل الاسم
عين قنيا: وتعني عين القصب وهي تابعة للغة السريانية، وتعني ملك وحاز أي اقتنى فبذلك يكون اسمها العين المملوكة المقتناه، وقد يكون هذا التفسير الاقرب إلى اسم عين قنيا.

بلدية عين قنيا
يعود تاريخ إنشاء أول مجلس بلدي في عين قنيا إلى العام 1963،

الخدمات
 مركز طبي افتتح في عام 2010، وهو يضم العديد من العيادات التخصصية، وأنشأ هذا المركز بدعم وتمويل من رئيس الحزب الديمقراطي اللبناني النائب الأمير طلال ارسلان.
 مدرسة عين قنيا المتوسطة الرسمية، وهي مدرسة بناها الشهيدالاستاذ علي حديفة وما يزال حتى اليوم ضريحه موجود فيها.
 مكتبة عامة فيها 800 كتاب تبرعت بهم حكومة الظل الشبابية عام 2008

الجمعيات في البلدة
 تجمع شبيبة عين قنيا
 منتدى الشباب الديمقراطي اللبناني
 مؤسسة الأمير مجيد ارسلان الخيرية
 جمعية الكشاف الديمقراطي
 منظمة الشباب التقدمي
 المنتدى النسائي الديمقراطي
 الاتحاد النسائي التقدمي
 جمعية الكشاف التقدمي
 جمعية نور للرعاية الصحية والاجتماعية.

المراجع
 <<http://www.ldparty.org/webtest/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=160:-q-q-&catid=51:2012-07-27-11-32-37&Itemid=64>> حفل اطلاق تجمع شبيبة عين قنيا
 <<http://sawtinet.com/home/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18590:2010-05-18-14-17-49&catid=86:2008-09-18-15-24-34&Itemid=76>> مجلس بلدية عين قنيا فاز بالتزكية
 <<http://www.ssnp.info/index.php?article=89327>>
 <<http://www.elnashra.com/news/show/602020/انتخاب-منير-جبر-رئيسا-لاتحاد-بلديات-الحاصباني>> انتخاب منير جبر رئيساً لإتحاد بلديات الحاصباني
 <<http://www.lebanondebate.com/details.aspx?id=96212>> نتائج انتخابات المجلس المذهبي في حاصبيا
 <<http://www.aliwaa.com/Article.aspx?ArticleId=156807>> توقيع ديوان شعر للشاعر شوقي يونس
 <<http://www.lebanonfiles.com/news/606870>> تعيين صالح حديفة مفوض شباب ورياضة في الحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي
 <<http://www.slabnews.com/article/18255/دور%20الشباب%20في%20العمل%20السياسي>> طارق حديفة - أمين السر العام في منتدى الشباب الديمقراطي

أماكن مأهولة في قضاء حاصبيا
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة النبطية
تجمعات درزية في لبنان
قضاء حاصبيا
مدن لبنان

عين قنيا


STS-103 was a Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission by Space Shuttle Discovery. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 19 December 1999 and returned on 27 December 1999. It was also the last Shuttle mission of the 1990s, and the only mission to span through Christmas.

Crew

Space walks
 Smith and Grunsfeld  – EVA 1
EVA 1 start: 22 December 1999 – 18:54 UTC
EVA 1 end: 23 December 1999 – 03:09 UTC
Duration: 8 hours, 15 minutes
 Foale and Nicollier  – EVA 2
EVA 2 start: 23 December 1999 – 19:06 UTC
EVA 2 end: 24 December 1999 – 03:16 UTC
Duration: 8 hours, 10 minutes
 Smith and Grunsfeld  – EVA 3
EVA 3 start: 24 December 1999 – 19:17 UTC
EVA 3 end: 25 December 1999 – 03:25 UTC
Duration: 8 hours, 08 minutes

Mission highlights

The primary objective of STS-103 was the Hubble Servicing Mission 3A. STS-103 had four scheduled Extravehicular Activity (EVA) days where four crew members worked in pairs on alternating days to renew and refurbish the telescope.

NASA officials decided to move up part of the servicing mission that had been scheduled for June 2000 after three of the telescope's six gyroscopes failed. Three gyroscopes must be working to meet the telescope's very precise pointing requirements, and the telescope's flight rules dictated that NASA consider a "call-up" mission before a fourth gyroscope failed. Four new gyros were installed during the first servicing mission (STS-61) in December 1993 and all six gyros were working during the second servicing mission (STS-82) in February 1997. Since then, a gyro failed in 1997, another in 1998 and a third in 1999. The Hubble team believed they understood the cause of the failures, although they could not be certain until the gyros were returned from space. Having fewer than three working gyroscopes would have precluded science observations, although the telescope would have remained safely in orbit until a servicing crew arrived.

Hubble's gyros spin at a constant rate of 19,200 rpm on gas bearings. This wheel is mounted in a sealed cylinder, which floats in a thick fluid. Electricity is carried to the motor by thin wires (approximately the size of a human hair). It is believed that oxygen in the pressurized air used during the assembly process caused the wires to corrode and break. The new gyros were assembled using nitrogen instead of oxygen. Each gyroscope is packaged in a Rate Sensor assembly. The Rate Sensors are packaged in pairs into an assembly called a Rate Sensor Unit (RSU). It is the RSUs that the STS-103's astronauts changed. The RSUs each weigh  and are 12.8 by 10.5 by 8.9 inches (325 by 267 by 226 mm) in size.

In addition to replacing all six gyroscopes on the December flight, the crew replaced a Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) and the spacecraft's computer. The new computer reduced the burden of flight software maintenance and significantly lowered costs. The new computer was 20 times faster and had six times the memory of the DF-224 computer previously used on Hubble. It weighs  and is 18.8 by 18 by 13 inches (478 by 457 by 330 mm) in size. The FGS installed was a refurbished unit that was returned from Servicing Mission 2. It weighs  and is 5.5 by 4 by 2 feet (1.68 by 1.22 by 0.61 m) in size.

A voltage/temperature improvement kit (VIK) was also installed to protect spacecraft batteries from overcharging and overheating when the spacecraft goes into safe mode. The VIK modifies the charge cutoff voltage to a lower level to prevent battery overcharging and associated overheating. The VIK weighs about .

The repair mission also installed a new S-Band Single Access Transmitter (SSAT). Hubble has two identical SSATs onboard and can operate with only one. The SSATs send data from Hubble through NASA's Tracking Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) to the ground. The new transmitter replaced one that failed in 1998. The SSAT weighs  and is 14 by 8 by  inches (356 by 203 by 70 mm).

A spare solid state recorder was also installed to allow efficient handling of high-volume data. Prior to the second servicing mission, Hubble used three 1970s-style reel-to-reel tape recorders. During the second servicing mission, one of these mechanical recorders was replaced with a digital solid state recorder. During this mission a second mechanical recorder was replaced by a second solid state recorder. The new recorder could hold approximately 10 times as much data as the old unit (12 gigabytes instead of 1.2 gigabytes). The recorder weighs  and is 12 by 9 by 7 inches in size.

Finally, the EVA crew replaced the telescope's outer insulation that had degraded. The insulation is necessary to control the internal temperature on the Hubble. The New Outer Blanket Layer (NOBL) and Shell/Shield Replacement Fabric (SSRF) help protect Hubble from the harsh environment of space. It protects the telescope from the severe and rapid temperature changes it experiences during each 90 minute orbit as it moves from sunlight to darkness.

STS-103 also carried hundreds of thousands of student signatures as part of the Student Signatures in Space (S3) program. The unique project provided elementary schools (selected on a rotating basis) with special posters to be autographed by students, then scanned onto disks and carried aboard a NASA Space Shuttle mission.

It was the Discovery's last solo spaceflight. All later missions by Discovery were International Space Station missions.

Astronaut John Grunsfeld, who was one of the mission specialists on this mission, brought a "Planet Mars Flag" aboard Discovery.

Wake-up calls
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.

See also

List of human spaceflights
List of Space Shuttle missions
Outline of space science

References

External links
 NASA mission summary
 STS-103 Video Highlights

Spacecraft launched in 1999
Hubble Space Telescope servicing missions
Space Shuttle missions
December 1999 events
1999 in Florida
Spacecraft which reentered in 2009

STS-103


الهلال الأحمر التونسي  هو جمعية إنسانية تونسية تأسست خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية خلال فترة سيطرة الحلفاء على تونس لكن تم حل الجمعية بعد هزيمة الحلفاء واستعادة فرنسا لسيطرتها على تونس.
بعد الاستقلال تم إعادة تأسيسها سنة 1956.
تنتمي جمعية الهلال اللأحمر التونسي إلى الحركة الدولية لجمعيات الصليب الأحمر و الهلال الأحمر.

مبادؤها
تقوم جمعية الهلال الأحمر التونسي على سبعة مبادئ هي:

1 الإنسانية

2 عدم التحيز

3 الحياد

4 الاستقلالية

5 الخدمة التطوعية

6 الوحدة

7 العالمية.

من أهدافها

 تنمية قدرات الجمعية الوطنية في مجال مجابهة الكوارث نشر المعايير الدنيا
 إعداد مطويات وملصقات وأقراص مدمجة للتوعية حول المعايير الدنيا
 جمع المعلومات وتحليلها

هيئتها
 الرئيس: عبد اللطيف شباو
 نائبه: يوسف المليح
 أمينه العام: ليلى طريطر حرم الماطري

علاقاتها
يربط الهلال الأحمر التونسي علاقات وطيدة مع الهيئات والمنظمات الدولية والعربية ذات العلاقة، وهو عضو نشيط في عدد منها. وفي هذا الإطار انعقدت في تونس في مارس / آذار 2008 اجتماعات الدورة السادسة والثلاثين للهيئة العامة للمنظمة العربية للهلال الأحمر والصليب الأحمر بحضور جميع الجمعيات الوطنية الأعضاء بالمنظمة والاتحادات واللجان الدولية وعدد من الجمعيات في الدول الصديقة.

مراجع

أندية وجمعيات
ت
جمعيات الصليب الأحمر والهلال الأحمر
ت
حاصلون على الصنف الثاني من وسام الاستقلال (تونس)
منظمات مقرها في تونس (مدينة)

الهلال الأحمر التونسي


Ženevsko sveučilište( Université de Genève, kraticaq UNIGE, UniGE, ili UGE) je švicarski federalni institut za tehnologiju i Sveučilište tehnologije, znanosti i menadžmenta čije je sjedište u švicarskom gradu Ženevi. Osnovao ga je Jean Calvin 1559. godine kao Ženevska akademija (Académie de Genève), kao jedno teološko i humanističko sjemenište. Afilirano je sveučilišnim skupinama Azurni trokut (Triangle azur), Coimbrskoj skupini, Udruženju europskih sveučilišta, Europskoj ligi istraživačkih sveučilišta, Sveučilišnoj agenciji Frankofonije i G3.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službene stranice

Europska sveučilišta
Znanost i tehnologija u Švicarskoj
Odgoj i obrazovanje u Švicarskoj
Sveučilište

Ženevsko sveučilište


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Svätý Jur enthält die 38 nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützten Objekte in der Gemeinde Svätý Jur im Okres Pezinok.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Svaty Jur
!