La 95.ª edición del Giro de Italia se disputó entre el 5 de mayo y el 27 de mayo de 2012 sobre 3499,1 km, desde Herning (por primera vez en la historia de la carrera italiana, partió en Dinamarca) hasta Milán.

El ganador final fue Ryder Hesjedal. Le acompañaron en el podio Joaquim Rodríguez (vencedor de dos etapas y de la clasificación por puntos) y Thomas de Gendt (ganador de una etapa).

En las otras clasificacioens secundarias se impusieron Matteo Rabottini (montaña), Rigoberto Urán (jóvenes), Martijn Keizer (metas volantes), Lampre-ISD (equipos), Garmin-Barracuda (equipos por puntos) y Mark Cavendish (combatividad).

Equipos participantes

Tomaron parte en la carrera 22 equipos: los 18 de categoría UCI ProTour (al ser obligada su participación); más 4 de categoría Profesional Continental mediante invitación de la organización (Androni Giocattoli-Venezuela, Colnago-CSF Inox, Farnese Vini-Selle Italia y Team NetApp). Formando así un pelotón de 198 ciclistas (cerca del límite de 200 ciclistas para carreras profesionales), con 9 corredores cada equipo, de los que acabaron 157 con 156 clasificados tras las desclasificación de Alex Rasmussen por saltarse varios controles antidopaje durante la temporada. Los equipos participantes fueron:

Como curiosidad, el Giro 2012 fue la primera carrera en la que el equipo hasta entonces llamado GreenEDGE Cycling Team corrió con su nueva denominación de Orica-GreenEDGE.

Etapas

Clasificaciones

Clasificación general (Maglia Rosa)

Clasificación por puntos (Maglia rosso passione)

Clasificación de la montaña (Maglia Azzurra)

Clasificación de los jóvenes (Maglia Bianca)

Clasificación de las metas volantes (Premio traguardi volanti)

Clasificación por equipos por tiempos (Trofeo fast team)

Otras clasificaciones

Clasificación por equipos por puntos (Trofeo super team)

 Clasificación de la combatividad:  Mark Cavendish (44 Pts)
 Clasificación azzurri d'Italia:  Mark Cavendish (14 Pts)
 Clasificación fuga cervelo:  Olivier Kaisen (683 Pts)
 Premio al juego limpio - Premio al fair-play:  Omega Pharma-Quick Step (20 Pts)
 Cima Coppi:  Thomas de Gendt

Evolución de las clasificaciones

Modificación de kilometrajes
Al igual que en la pasada edición se hicieron cambios en el kilometraje de las etapas pocos días antes de disputarse e incluso durante la disputa de las mismas. Aunque estos fueron testimoniales y apenas afectaron al transcurso normal de la carrera.

Así, la 11.ª etapa, la más larga de la ronda, se aumentó a 3 km más durante en transcurso de la misma disputándose finalmente sobre 258 km. Además, la contrarreloj final se acortó un día antes en 1,8 km debido a problemas en la pavimentación de una de las calles.

Notas y referencias

Enlaces externos
 Web oficial
 Giro de Italia 2012 (Web oficial del UCI WordlTour)
 Giro de Italia 2012 (web oficial de la UCI)

2012

Giro de Italia 2012


Crkva Presvetog Trojstva u Rovišću župna je rimokatolička crkva u Rovišću u Bjelovarsko-bilogorskoj županiji.

Stara crkva Presvetog Trojstva prvi puta se spominje u popisu župa goričkog arhiđakona Ivana 1334. godine. Godine 1743. navodi se da je crkva zidana s drvenim zvonikom. Iz povijesnih izvora ne se može pouzdano utvrditi kad je sagrađena današnja crkva.

Crkva je jednobrodna građevina pravokutnog tlocrta, užeg zaobljenog svetišta sa sakristijom smještenom južno uz svetište i zvonikom nad glavnim pročeljem. Unutrašnjost je svođena češkim svodovima odijeljenim pojasnicama. Pjevalište počiva na dva stupa i ograđeno je zidanom ogradom valovite linije. Glavni oltar Presvetog Trojstva, bočni oltari sv. Antuna i Kraljice sv. Krunice i propovjedaonica nastali su u radionici majstora Budickog 1902. godine. Velika slika Bogorodice na sjevernom zidu crkve ima neobičnu kompoziciju, koja se sastoji od dva superponirana dijela. Simetralu tvori velika figura Bogorodice, koja stoji na polumjesecu i glavi zmije. Odjevena je u ružičastu dugu haljinu i tamnoplavi plašt, koji joj slobodno leprša oko tijela. Naslikao ju je Josip Paller 1780. godine.

O crkvi je pisao Josip Buturac u knjizi "Povijest Rovišća" 1975. godine (2. dopunjeno izdanje 2003.) U župi se istakao dugogodišnji župnik Lovro Hadrović, koji je i obnovio crkvu 2000. godine. U crkvi je kršten Ratko Perić 5. veljače 1944. koji je služio kao biskup mostarsko-duvanjski i trajni apostolski upravitelj trebinjsko-mrkanski od 1993. do umirovljenja 2020. godine. Iz župe potječe Željko Tanjić, doktor teologije, prvi rektor Hrvatskoga katoličkoga sveučilišta, direktor Kršćanske sadašnjosti od 2009. do 2011. godine.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-2370 vodi se kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravnog statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Galerija

Izvori

Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj
Zaštićene sakralne građevine u Bjelovarsko-bilogorskoj županiji
Crkve Presvetog Trojstva

Crkva Presvetog Trojstva u Rovišću


Saint Peter Port er höfuðborg og helsta hafnarborg eyjunnar Guernsey í Ermarsundi. Íbúar eru tæplega 20 þúsund.

Guernsey

Saint Peter Port


Ruslan și Ludmila (titlul original: în )  este ecranizarea operei omonime a compozitorului Mihail Glinka, realizat în 1938 de regizorul Ivan Nikitcenko,
după poemul omonim a scriitorului Aleksandr Pușkin, protagoniști fiind actorii Serghei Stoliarov și Liudmila Glazova.

Conținut

Distribuție
 Serghei Stoliarov – Ruslan
 Liudmila Glazova – Ludmila
 Nikolai Bubnov – Vladimir
 Nikolai Ceaplîghin – Rogdai
 Boris Keropian – Farlaf
 K. Komarov – Cernomor
 Vassili Savițkii – președintele
 Maria Șlionskaia – Naina

Referințe

Vezi și
 Listă de filme străine până în 1989

Legături externe

Filme din 1938
Filme de operă
Filme muzicale
Filme în limba rusă
Filme regizate de Ivan Nikitcenko
Filme alb-negru
Filme Mosfilm

Ruslan și Ludmila (film din 1938)


دائرة عين الترك دائرة من دوائر ولاية وهران وعاصمتها عين الترك. وتضم بلديات عين الترك و المرسى الكبير و بوسفر و العنصر.

مراجع

دائرة عين الترك
عين الترك

دائرة عين الترك


يعرف الاتصال بأنه إرسال واستقبال المعلومات بين الناس، وعرفه علماء الإدارة الاتصالات الإدارية بأنها: عملية إدارية لها جوانبها الاجتماعية والسلوكية تهتم بتوفير كافة المعلومات اللازمة لاستمرار العملية الإدارية عن طريق تجميع المعلومات ونقلها أو تبادلها أو إذاعتها، بحيث يتيسر لفرد أو جماعة معرفة أمور ومسائل يجهلونها، مع التأثير في سلوكهم وتوجههم للوجهة التي يريدها المرسل، ولا تتم عملية الاتصال إلا في صورة متبادلة من طرفين وليس من طرف واحد.

أنواع الاتصالات الإدارية
هناك شكلين رئيسيين يختصان بالرسمية فالأول رسمي والثاني غير رسمي.

الشكل الأول: الاتصالات الرسمية
هو الاتصال الذي يتم بين المستويات المختلفة في المؤسسة بالطرق الرسمية المتفق عليها كاجتماعات المعلمين بالإدارة المدرسية أو تداول التقارير بين المعلمي.

وتأخذ شبكة الاتصالات الرسمية في المنظمة اتجاهات مختلفة تتوافق وتبرز أهمية ودور كل واحدة منها بحسب طبيعة ومهام عمل المنظمة ولكن في الغالب تأخذ الاتجاهات التالية:

الاتصال النازل:
وهو الاتصال الأكثر شيوعا في المنظمات والذي يبدأ من المواقع الإدارية العليا في المنظمة وصولا إلى المستويات الأدنى، وتأخذ هذه الاتصالات في الغالب صيغة الأوامر والتعليمات والطلبات المحددة لإنجاز أعمال معينة من قبل المستويات التشغيلية وبما يتوافق مع الأهداف أو الخطط الموضوعة من قبل الإدارة العليا.

الاتصال الصاعد:
وهو الاتصال المتمثل بالمعلومات المستحصلة من المستويات الدنيا في المنظمة إلى الإدارة العليا، وذلك لحاجتها إلى البيانات والمعلومات لمعرفة مستوى الإنجاز المتحقق، وذلك لغرض معرفة الإدارة العليا ماتحقق من أهداف أو ماهية المعوقات التي حالت دون ذلك، ويمكن أن تكون هذة الاتصالات بشكل شفهي أوتحريري (تقارير) ولمختلف مجالات العمل في المنظمة.

الاتصال الأفقي:
وهي تلك الاتصالات التي تجرى مابين المستوى الإداري الواحد والذي يأخذ في الغالب صفة التشاور والتنسيق ما بينها بهدف تحقيق الأداء الأفضل في العمل وبما يحقق التوافق ما بين كافة الأطراف العاملة في المنظمة لبلوغ تلك الأهداف المرسومة لها.

الشكل الثاني: الاتصالات غير الرسمية
هي الخطوط المتقطعة والتي تتم خارج إطار الهيكل التنظيمي والتسلسل الوظيفي الذي ترسمه الخارطة التنظيمية للمنظمة، وهي تعبير عن شيوع العلاقات الشخصية وبعيداً عن الاطر الرسمية التي تحكم المستويات التنظيمية في داخل المنظمة.

اتصال مكتوب - شفهي
الاتصال مكتوب: (اتصالات دقيقة، يمكن حفظها في سجلات).
الاتصال الشفهي: (مرن- يمكن الإجابة عن الأسئلة والاستفسارات) مثل: الاتصال بين المعلم وطلابه في غرفة الصف.

عناصر الاتصال
 المرسل: هو الشخص الذي يحاول نقل معنى أو قصد ما إلى شخص آخر.
 المستقبل: وهو الفرد الذي يستقبل الرسالة.
 الرسالة المعطاة: وهي ما يدور في خاطر المرسل من أفكار.
 الرموز: تاخذ الرموز شكل كلمات أو أرقام أو تصرفات.
 قنوات الاتصال: تكون في هئية راديو، تلفاز، هاتف، فاكس وغير ذلك.
 الرد على الرسالة: وتمثل المعلومات المرتدة وقد يتضمن الرفض أو القبول أو الاستفسار أو الشكر أو التنفيذ أو تبادل المعومات.

مراجع

مراجع إضافية
الإدارة العامة المفاهيم والوظائف والانشطة د:طلق السواط د:طلعت سندى د:طلال الشريف د.أميرة العابدية

إدارة حسب النوع
اتصالات
علاقات عامة

إدارة الاتصال


Ctenopharynx es un pequeño género del Haplochromini Cichlidae de África del Este conformada por tres especies; dos de ellas son endémicas del lago Malawi, mientras que una tercera puede encontrarse tanto en este lago como en la parte alta del río Shire. Puede alcanzar un tamaño mínimo aproximado de 126 mm. y un máximo de 210 mm.

Respecto al estado de conservación, se puede indicar que de acuerdo a la IUCN, la mayoría de las especies de este género pueden catalogarse en la categoría de «menos preocupante (LC o LR/lc)».

Especies
 Ctenopharynx intermedius (Günther, 1864)
 Ctenopharynx nitidus (Trewavas, 1935)
 Ctenopharynx pictus (Trewavas, 1935)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Haplochromini

Ctenopharynx


Penicillium chrysogenum (Charles Thom, 1910), sinonim Penicillium notatum (Richard Westling, 1811), este o specie de fungi din increngatura Ascomycota în familia Aspergillaceae și de genul Penicillium. Este un saprofit pe scară largă care trăiește în principal în materie organică moartă care se descompune și are un rol semnificativ în ciclul al ecosistemelor pământului. Specia a devenit cunoscută în principal prin descoperirea penicilinei din Penicillium chrysogenum de către Alexander Fleming în 1928. Astăzi, specia este folosită pentru producția industrială de penicilină. Se dezvoltă cu predilecție pe alimente stricate și poate declanșa alergii la om.

Istoric
În anul 1910, specia a fost descrisă pentru prima dată ca Penicillium chrysogenum de către microbiologul și micologul american Charles Thom (1872-1956) în jurnalul științific Bureau of Animal Industry Bulletin, stabilit în United States Department of Agriculture, iar denumită și descrisă independent de Thom un an mai târziu ca Penicillium notatum de farmacistul și botanistul suedez Richard Westling (1868-1942), de verificat în articolul său publicat în volumul 4 al jurnalului botanic Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift.

Taxonul lui Westling a fost folosit pentru multe decenii drept nume binomial, până ce s-a  determinat, că cel al lui Thom ar fi cel corect, fiind mai vechi. Toate celelalte încercări de redenumire nu sunt folosite și pot fi neglijate.

Habitat
Pentru a crește, specia are nevoie de o temperatură minimă de 4 °C, în mod optim o temperatură ambiantă de 23 °C. Temperatura maximă la care a fost încă observată o creștere este de 37 °C. Penicillium chrysogenum este, așadar  psihrofiltolerant și astfel un cosmopolit. A fost găsit chiar și în gheața sub ghețarii arctici. În zonele temperate, soiul reprezintă cea mai comună ciupercă. În natură, specia este omniprezentă. Se găsește în sol, pe fructe în mâncare și ca spori în aer. Cu toate acestea, preferă să se dezvolte în sol umed, unde descompune părțile moarte ale plantelor.

Note

Legături externe

Trichocomaceae
Ciuperci saprofite
Specii descrise în 1910

Penicillium chrysogenum


Natriumfluorosilikat er en kemisk forbindelse med den kemiske formel .

Salte

Natriumfluorosilikat


Munkbrarup Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Schleswig-Flensburg iline bağlı bölge. 13,26 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Haziran 2005 itibarıyla yaklaşık 1042 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Margrit Jebsen tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.langballig.de {{|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626223634/http://www.langballig.de/ |tarih=26 Haziran 2007 }}

Schleswig-Flensburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Munkbrarup


Elma kara leke hastalığı, Venturia inaequalis adlı mantarın neden olduğu bitki hastalığı.

Hastalığın belirtileri ağacın yaprak, meyve ve sürgünlerinde görülür. Yaprağın üst ve alt yüzeyinde oluşan lekeler başlangıçta yağlımsı görünümdedir, giderek zeytin rengini alır ve daha sonra kahverengileşir. Lekeler kadifemsi yapıdadır ve bu kısımdaki dokular zamanla ölür, üzerinde çatlaklar ve delikler oluşur. Ağır hastalıklı yapraklar erkenden sarararak dökülürler.
Meyvelerdeki lekeler yeşilimtırak olup zamanla kahverengine dönüşür. Küçük lekeler zamanla birleşirler ve bu kısımlarda meyvenin gelişmesi durduğu için şekilsiz meyveler oluşur.

Bitki hastalıkları

Elma kara leke hastalığı


Min legeplads er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Kaspar Astrup Schröder efter manuskript af Kaspar Astrup Schröder.

Handling
Kaspar Astrup Schröder har i halvandet år fulgt Danmarks førende udøvere af parkour, denne særlige frie sportsform, hvor man anskuer byens huse, offentlige møbler og tekniske installationer som en udfordrende forhindringsbane, der er skabt til at blive forceret.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2010

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Min legeplads


An Plectrophora calcarhamata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Frederico Carlos Hoehne. An Plectrophora calcarhamata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Plectrophora, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Plectrophora

Plectrophora calcarhamata


The National Intelligence Organization (), also known by its Turkish initials MIT or MİT, or colloquially as the Organization (), is an intelligence agency of the Turkish government tasked with gathering information of national interests. It gathers information for the Presidency and the Armed Forces about the current and potential threats from inside and outside against all the elements that make up Turkey's integrity, constitutional order, existence, independence, security and national power and take precautions when necessary.

The MIT is under the provision of the Presidency. It works closely with the Turkish diplomatic missions overseas.

Organization

Organizational structure
The Organization is headed by a Director-General, who is appointed by the President of Turkey. The Director-General is typically a career intelligence officer with vast experience in intelligence and security matters.

The organization is divided into various departments and units, each specializing in specific areas of intelligence, counterterrorism, and analysis. These units include the Counterterrorism Department, Foreign Relations Department, Signals Intelligence Department, and more.

Connections to the Turkish military
According to the former director of Foreign Operations, Yavuz Ataç, the military presence in the organization is negligible, although the organization has a military heritage. In 1990, the percentage of military personnel was 35%, while in 2007 the lower echelons were 4.5% military. While the organization has historically recruited from relatives of existing employees, the former director, Emre Taner, says that this is no longer the case.

Duties

The MİT is in charge of collecting intelligence on existing and potential threats from internal and external sources posed against the territory, people and integrity, the existence, independence, security, and all the other elements that compose the constitutional order and the national power of the Republic of Turkey. The MİT is in charge of communicating this intelligence to the President, the Chief of the General Staff, the Secretary General of the National Security Council and other relevant state organizations as necessary.

The MİT is in charge of counterintelligence activities in Turkey. Legally, it cannot be given any other duty and cannot be led to any other field of activity than collecting intelligence concerning the security of the Republic. The MİT engages in cyberwarfare. The Turkish Ministry of National Defence considers cybersecurity as the country's "fifth frontier" after land, air, sea and space. The MİT uses local cybersecurity solutions mostly developed by companies like HAVELSAN and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey.

Activities
In 2014, it was revealed in the Turkey's Parliament's Internal Affairs Commission that the MİT has units working abroad and was wiretapping the telephones of 2,473 people, mostly related to "terrorism and spying activities."

On 5 April 2018, Turkish Deputy Prime Minister Bekir Bozdağ said that MIT has captured 80 Turkish citizens, suspected of links to FETÖ, from 18 different countries so far.

On 16 October 2020, according to Reuters, Turkey's intelligence officials arrested a man, suspected of spying on foreign Arab nationals on behalf of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The officials said that the man entered Turkey using a non-UAE passport. The detainee confessed to the charges and Turkish authorities obtained "a trove of documents" from him showing UAE affiliation, but there were no reactions received from the UAE. Last year, Turkey arrested two men suspected of spying on Arab nationals. One of the men were connected to the murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi.

In 2022, MIT participated and helped in the prisoner swap between Konstantin Yaroshenko (Russia) and Trevor Reed (USA) which took place in Istanbul.

Africa

Angola
Turkish judicial documents revealed that Turkish nationals at Angola, who were Gülen supporters, were spied upon.

Egypt
On 22 November 2017, Egypt's public prosecutor has ordered the detention of 29 people suspected of espionage on behalf of Turkey against Egypt national interest and joining a terrorist organization. They are also accused of money laundering, conducting overseas calls without a license and trading currency without a license. According to the results of an investigation by the General Intelligence Services, the group has been recording phone calls and passing information to Turkish intelligence as part of a plan to bring the Muslim Brotherhood back to power in Egypt.

Gabon
In March 2018, MIT abducted three suspected members of the Gulen Movement from Gabon and transferred them from Libreville to Ankara on a private jet.

Kenya
MIT captured Abdullah Öcalan in Kenya on 15 February 1999, while being transferred from the Greek embassy to Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi, reportedly with the help of the CIA. He was then forcibly transferred to Turkey and imprisoned on Imrali island where he faced trial. Also, MIT has rescued an Italian citizen, Silvia Romano, who has been kidnapped in Kenya on 20 November 2018, and taken to Somalia. On 31 May 2021, the MIT arrested in Kenya Selahaddin Gülen, who is a nephew of Fetullah Gülen, and brought him to Turkey.

Libya

In August 2019, a report was published, which stated that MIT was operating within the capital Tripoli in order to support the Government of National Accord (which is UN recognized). MIT personnel arrived in Libya before any Turkish military unit was sent.

In September 2020, five Turkish journalists were jailed in Turkey after revealing documents about the Turkish intelligence activities in Libya. Three of them released in February 2022.

Sudan
In a joint operation of MIT and NISS, a man believed to be a chief financier for the FETÖ, was captured and transported to Turkey.

Americas

United States
In 2018, the United States Department of Justice charged Kamil Ekim Alptekin and Bijan Rafiekian with acting as illegal agents of Turkey in the United States.

In July 2019, it was reported that Turkish diplomats with the support of MIT, had extensively spied on critics of the government of Turkey. Among the organizations that were spied on, were schools, companies, nongovernmental and not-for-profit organizations and foundations located in New York, Washington D.C., Georgia, Pennsylvania, Texas and Chicago.

Asia

Armenia
In 2002, Armenian special services arrested an Armenian government official on charges of spying for Turkish national intelligence. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison after being convicted of spying for Turkey.

Azerbaijan
In 2018, MIT arrested a FETÖ member in Azerbaijan and brought him to Turkey. He was a teacher working for a school in Azerbaijan which was operated by FETÖ .

Georgia
According to a published news report, operatives of Turkish counterterrorism unit and MIT assigned to the Turkish Embassy had engaged in a large-scale spying campaign on FETÖ-linked organisations and foundations.

Iraq
In August 2017, the Kurdistan Communities Union said that had captured two Turkish nationals in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; the Kurdish group said both individuals captured were working for the MIT. The plan of the two captured Turks, according to NRT News, was to assassinate a senior Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) figure.

In August 2018, it was announced that the PKK leader Ismail Özden and 4 other militants of the Sinjar Resistance Units (YBŞ) were killed in Turkish airstrikes in Sinjar. The Turkish Armed Forces carried out the joint operation with the MIT.

In April 2019, 4 PKK militants were nabbed at Iraq's Mount Sinjar and were brought to Turkey as part of a joint operation by the MIT and Turkish Armed forces.

In June 2019, Diyar Gharib Muhammed — one of seven members of the PKK's Central Committee was Killed. A Turkish F-16 struck his vehicle with the assistance of human intelligence provided by National Intelligence Organization (MIT) in the Kortek Bend area of Qandil in northern Iraq.

In August 2019, 4 PKK militants were killed in an airstrike by Turkish warplane in a joint operation with MIT in the Qandil area of northern Iraq.

In September 2019, 3 PKK militants were killed in an airstrike by Turkish warplane in a joint operation with MIT in the Gara region of northern Iraq. The same month the MIT in a joint operation, in northern Iraq's Qandil region, with the Turkish Armed Forces neutralized a senior female PKK member together with her driver.

Malaysia
A Turkish teacher in Malaysia was abducted in 2016 from Kuala Lumpur over alleged links to the Gülen movement. According to reports he has been subjected to beating, torture, death threats and staged executions during his pretrial detention in Ankara.

In August 2019, MIT arrested the Malaysia chief of the FETÖ in an operation and brought him back to Turkey. The person was wanted by Turkey on charges of being involved in the activities of terrorist organization in multiple countries.

Mongolia
In July 2018, a Turkish teacher with links to the Gulenist movement was allegedly kidnapped in the Mongolian capital and taken to the city's airport. He has been released after authorities temporarily grounded the airplane which was operated by the Turkish Air Force.

Myanmar
Turkish judicial documents revealed that Turkish nationals at Myanmar, who were Gülen supporters, were spied.

Pakistan
In September 2017, In a Joint operation of MIT, ISI and Punjab Police, A Prominent Turkish Teacher and his family were arrested and brought to Turkey. He was vice president of FETÖ- affiliated educational foundation operating in Pakistan.

Syria

After the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, the intelligence services of several NATO countries began operating near the Syria-Turkey border, coordinated by MIT. While operating on the Turkish side, all initiatives had to be cleared first with MIT.

The 2014 National Intelligence Organisation scandal in Turkey revealed MIT's role in supplying arms to Syrian rebels in Syria. The Turkish journalists who exposed this arrangement were charged with espionage and "divulging state secrets" by the Turkish courts. One of the journalists claimed:'Those who sent the convoy from Turkey knew that the weapons were "heading to end [up] in ISIS hands"'. Turkish Army officers who intercepted some of the intelligence agency's weapons-filled trucks also faced espionage charges. In June 2019, a Turkish court sentenced the group of officers and prosecutors who stopped the MIT trucks to at least two decades behind bars for obtaining and disclosing confidential state documents. They were also accused of being FETÖ members.
The Turkish newspaper Cumhuriyet published video footage which it said showed security forces discovering weapons parts being sent to Syria on trucks belonging to MIT. In December 2020, Turkish court sentenced to prison 27 people because they stopped the MIT trucks in 2014.

In October 2014, an Egyptian official said that MIT was helping the ISIS with satellite images and other critical data.

In October 2014, Press TV journalist Serena Shim was killed when the car she was travelling in collided with a heavy vehicle in Suruç in what are claimed, by her employer and parents, to be suspicious circumstances. The car crash happened just days after Shim reported that the MIT had threatened her and accused her of spying because of her reporting on Turkey's stance on Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant militants during the siege of Kobane. She also claimed that she had received images of ISIL militants crossing the Turkish border into Syria in World Food Programme and NGO trucks.

On 18 March 2016, Russia's UN Ambassador Vitaly Churkin sent a letter to the UN Security Council saying that three Turkish humanitarian organizations sent weapons and supplies to extremists in Syria on behalf of MIT. The three NGOs were the Besar Foundation, the Iyilikder Foundation, and the Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms (IHH). In a 2018 interview, former Turkish National Police official Ahmet Yayla said that the MIT has used Turkey's IHH as an intermediary to arm Islamist terrorists.

In 2016, one of the commanders of the Syrian Turkmen rebel group Seljuk Brigade in Syria, Hani al-Mulla, was assassinated. Suspicion ranged from the involvement of Turkish intelligence and Turkish-backed rebels to ISIS.

MİT played an active role in the Turkish military operation in Afrin, including the coordination and direction of the Syrian National Army, as well as intelligence support in the identification of targets for Turkish Air Force airstrikes, and post-destruction evaluation.

According to documents revealed in 2019, the MIT was secretly transported ammunition and fighters into Syria with buses in 2015.

In May 2019, Syria's Military Intelligence Directorate officials met with Turkish MIT intelligence officials including MIT's head Hakan Fidan, despite hostilities between the Syrian and Turkish governments. Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) released a statement saying the meeting was held to prevent a conflict between Syria and Turkey. AKP spokesperson Omer Celik defended the meeting, saying "Our intelligence agencies and our elements in the field can hold any meeting they like at any time they like to prevent some humanitarian tragedies or in line with some needs."

In 2020, European Union Agency for Asylum reported that a lot of the armed opposition groups in Syria are under the near-total control of MIT and the Turkish Ministry of Defence.

Europe

Austria
In 2017, Peter Pilz released a report about the activities of Turkish agents operating through ATIB (Avusturya Türkiye İslam Birliği – Austria Turkey Islamic Foundation), the Diyanet's arm responsible for administering religious affairs across 63 mosques in the country, and other Turkish organizations. Pilz's website faced a DDoS attack by Turkish hacktivists and heavy security was provided when he presented the report publicly. Per the report, Turkey operates a clandestine network of 200 informants targeting opposition as well as Gülen supporters inside Austria.

In September 2020, a Turkish spy was arrested and confessed. In addition, the Austria's interior minister said that there are indications that Turkey's secret service tried to recruit Austrian citizens and that Europol and the European Council had been informed. Turkey rejected the accusations.

In October 2020, a Turkish spy turned himself in to Austrian police and claimed that MIT had plans to attack the Austrian politicians, Aygül Berivan Aslan and Peter Pilz. In addition, he said that at the past he had been forced to give a false testimony which convicted the Metin Topuz, an employee at the American Consulate in Istanbul. Turkey denied accusations.

Belgium
In 2017, the Flemish interior minister, Liesbeth Homans, started the process of withdrawing recognition of the Turkish-sponsored and country's second largest mosque, Fatih mosque in Beringen accusing the mosque of spying in favor of Turkey.

Czech Republic
Judicial documents revealed that critics of the Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan were spied upon in the Czech Republic.

France
MIT was blamed for the 2013 murders of three PKK activists in Paris.

Germany
In July 2015 The Tagesspiegel newspaper reported that German federal prosecutors were looking into claims that three men - two Turks and a German national - were instructed by MIT to spy on Erdogan critics in Cologne, particularly Kurds and members of the Muslim minority Alevi community.

In 2016, Bundestag intelligence oversight committee members demanded answer from German government about the reports that Germans of Turkish origin are being pressured in Germany by informers and officers of Turkey's MIT spy agency. According to reports Turkey had 6,000 informants plus MIT officers in Germany who were putting pressure on "German Turks". Hans-Christian Ströbele told that there was an "unbelievable" level of "secret activities" in Germany by Turkey's MIT agency. According to Erich Schmidt-Eenboom, not even the former communist East German Stasi secret police had managed to run such a large "army of agents" in the former West Germany: "Here, it's not just about intelligence gathering, but increasingly about intelligence service repression." German lawmakers have called for an investigation, charging that Turkey is spying on suspected Gulen followers in Germany.

In December 2016, a 31-year-old Turkish citizen who had resided in Germany for a decade was arrested in Hamburg on suspicion of espionage and plotting the assassination of two prominent Kurds on behalf of Turkish security services.

In March 2017 the Turkish secret intelligence service was accused of conducting espionage of more than 300 people and 200 associations and schools linked to supporters of exiled Fethullah Gülen.  Boris Pistorius, interior minister for Lower Saxony State, called this "intolerable and unacceptable", stating that "the intensity and ruthlessness with which people abroad are being investigated is remarkable". A German security official said that "we are horrified at how openly Turkey reveals that it is spying on Turks living here". On 30 March 2017 Interior Minister Thomas de Maiziere expresses suspicions that the move may have been intended to weigh on Turkish-German relations − "to provoke us in some way". The appallment was deepened when it was revealed that the 300 persons included politicians, including Michelle Müntefering.

In June 2017, according to news reports, Turkish Intelligence had reportedly been collecting an increasing amount of information on Bundestag members who are involved in defense as well as domestic and foreign policy. A spokeswoman for Bundeskriminalamt confirmed the report that the agency met with German MPs "in recent weeks" to discuss "safety" concerns, since "protecting members of the Bundestag is a legal task of the BKA".

In October 2017, according to German press reports officials working in Germany's immigration authorities pass on information about Turkish asylum seekers to Turkey. In many cases, even their locations were also revealed, that even their families did not know for security reasons. These incidents showed that Turkish spies may have infiltrated German authorities. In addition, Herbert Reul, the interior minister for the German state of the North Rhine-Westphalia, submitted a report to the state parliament, alleging that the Turkish-German organisation Osmanen Germania works with MIT. The organisation denied the accusations. In July 2018, Germany banned the organisation on allegations it is involved in organized crime and represents a threat to the general public.

In October 2021, German authorities arrested a Turk in a hotel at Düsseldorf for spying on behalf of Turkey. Police found a pistol, ammunition and a list with the names Gulen supporters.

Greece
In December 2011, the Turkish newspaper Birgun reported on an interview with former Turkish prime minister Mesut Yilmaz saying that Turkey was behind a number of large forest fires in Greece in the 1990s. Yilmaz later denied the statements, saying he had been misquoted by the newspaper and that he had been actually referring to unsubstantiated reports of Greek involvement in Turkish forest fires. In addition, former head of Greek intelligence service said they had intelligence that Turkish agencies were involved in the arsons in the 1990s but had no proof. He said they had received information from their agents in Turkey that Turkish agents or others were involved in the forest fires on Greek islands.

In August 2013, Greek police arrested a German citizen on the island of Chios on suspicion of spying for Turkey. Police said they had found in the man's possession cameras, laptops, maps and glasses with an embedded camera, and an email he had sent to an unidentified recipient with details on Greek warships and army vehicles on the island. The man confessed he had photographed barracks and other military-related buildings on the island for five people he believed were Turkish nationals who paid him up to 1,500 euros ($2,000) for each assignment. Greek authorities suspected that the individuals worked for the Turkish secret services.

In October 2014, Greek police arrested a German citizen on the island of Kos because he photographed sensitive locations on the island. He admitted that was spying for MIT and he was recruited in 2011. He was paid 2,000 euros every month and the money were deposited to his bank account in Germany. Furthermore, he said that he was one of the many European retirees living in Greece who have been recruited by Turkey in order to spy against Greece.

In June 2016, a Turkish intelligence officer who worked in the Trabzon Province admitted that his agency ran surveillance on Greek tourists who visited the province. Many Greeks visit the Trabzon and the historic Greek Orthodox Sumela Monastery there.

In February 2017, the newspaper Kathimerini reported that the Turkish National Intelligence Organisation recruits EU retirees to spy on a variety of Greek sensitive locations, including military bases, airports and power plants.

In March 2017, the former editor in chief of the English version of Turkish Zaman newspaper, Abdullah Bozkurt, posted a tweet on his account warning of increased clandestine operations of Turkish intelligence agents in Greece.

In April 2020, a document published by the Gülen-aligned Nordic Monitor, claims that Turkish intelligence was spying on refugees and migrants in Greece in order to find details of those who were persecuted by the Erdogan.

In August 2020, more documents revealed the illegal information gathering and surveillance activities in Greece by the MIT, the Turkish Embassy and the Turkish consulates against Turkish asylum seekers.

In December 2020, Greek authorities arrested two Greek Muslims in Rhodes for espionage. One was working at the Turkish Consular Authority in Rhodes and the other on a passengers ship which connects the Rhodes with Kastelorizo.

Kosovo
In March 2018, six Turkish nationals from Kosovo had been captured by Turkish intelligence and brought to Turkey over alleged links to schools financed by the Gulen movement. Turkish President Tayyip Erdoğan said, speaking to supporters and party members in Istanbul: "Our National Intelligence Agency captured six of the highest ranking members [of Gulen's network] in the Balkans in the operation it conducted in Kosovo."

Lithuania
The cyber team of the MİT hacked the server of the ByLock in Lithuania and transferred all signed-up IP's to the headquarters in Ankara. The MİT had finalized its operation in December 2015 and January 2016, before ByLock has ceased its operation. Bylock was a secure communication app and Turkish authorities believe that it was exclusively allocated for the members of the Gülen Movement.

Moldova
In 2018, Turkish together with Moldovan intelligence services detained at least six Turkish nationals employed at a private chain of high schools in Moldova. All were teachers or students at the Horizont Turkish high-school private chain, which is seen as close to the Fethullah Gulen.

Norway
The Gülen-aligned Stockholm Center for Freedom accused the Norwegian Islamist religious organizations that are affiliated with Turkish government that were illegally profiling and intelligence gathering activities on Turks who are believed to be affiliated with Gülen movement in Norway.

Serbia
In 2015, Matthew Aid wrote that according to reports spies from Turkey is among the most active in Serbia. Turkey organize and finance the movement of Bosniaks for the secession of the Raška region.

Sweden
According to the Gülen-aligned Stockholm Center for Freedom, an investigation was launched on suspicion of unlawful intelligence gathering and illegal "mapping" against opposition circles in Sweden.

Switzerland
Parliamentarian Alex Kuprecht announced that the government was considering opening a criminal case against regarding espionage and other illegal activities performed by Turkish agents against dissidents. Also, there were espionage against academics who were critical of Turkey.
On March 16, 2017, the Office of the Attorney General launched a criminal inquiry into possible foreign spying on Switzerland's Turkish community. Investigation also concerned an attempt to kidnap a Swiss-Turkish in Zurich to take him abroad. That same month, Switzerland's foreign minister warned Turkey against illegal spying on expatriate Turks in Switzerland. In April 2017, a Swiss policeman of Turkish origin was arrested on the accusation that he was spying for the Turkish government.

Turkey
At the time of the 1971 Turkish military memorandum, the MIT did not inform Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel about the coup plans, and asked for the PM's resignation on the day of the coup.

During the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, the plans for "Operation Flag" (Bayrak Harekâtı) were conveyed to the military units by an MİT airplane. Once again, the agency did not notify the prime minister, even though legally it was under his authority, as it was part of the coup.

During the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, the MİT fought against the coup plotters.

Ukraine
In July 2018, a gulen-linked suspect was brought to the Turkey from Ukraine following operations conducted by the MİT.

In February 2022, MIT captured and abducted the Turkish arm dealer and former special forces captain in the Turkish armed forces, Nuri Bozkir, who exposed the Turkish arms transfers to militant groups in Syria and Libya. He applied for political asylum in Ukraine and Turkey issued an Interpol red notice calling for his arrest for the 2002 murder of Turkish academic Necip Hablemitoglu while Bozkir denied any involvement.

United Kingdom
In 1994, Mehmet Kaygisiz, a Kurdish man with links to the PKK and the north London underworld, was shot dead at a café in Islington. His murder remained unsolved and at the time his murder was thought to be drug-related, but in 2016 new documents suggest that MIT ordered his murder.

In 2018, Turkish NBA player Enes Kanter, who was against Turkey's president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, informed the New York Knicks he will not be traveling with the team to London because he believed that a trip there would be life-threatening. When a reporter asked him if he really believes a trip to London would be dangerous, he replied: "They've got a lot of spies there. I can get killed very easy. That will be a very ugly situation."

Oceania

Australia

Turkish imams preaching in Australia's mosques have been instructed to spy on Australian supporters of Fethulah Gülen.

The illegal surveillance, information collection and monitoring activities of the Turkish intelligence agency in Australia was exposed in classified documents in 2020.

List of the Directors of The National Intelligence Organization

Permission for testimony
Testimony in court may only be made with and by the permission of the Director of the MİT. According to Article 29 of Law No. 2937, MİT agents must not give their testimony if it pertains to state secrets without further permission from the MİT.

Museum
The Organization owns a non-public Museum of Espionage consisting of a variety of spy equipment, which was revealed once in October 2013.

Equipment

Vehicles

References

Further reading
  (Turkish)

External links

 Frequently Asked Questions about the MİT

Turkish intelligence agencies
Intelligence
Military of Turkey
National law enforcement agencies of Turkey
1965 establishments in Asia

National Intelligence Organization


Sümi, ou Sema, é uma língua Sino-Tibetana falada em Nagaland, Índia pelo povo  Sümi Naga.

Falantes
É falado por cerca de 350 mil pessoas no nordeste da Índia, principalmente no centro e sul de Nagaland e também em Assam

Classificação
Sümi é um membro do ramo Angami-Sümi da família linguística sino-tibetana

Geografia
Em Nagaland é falado particularmente no distrito de Zunheboto ao redor da cidade de Zunheboto. Há também falantes de Sümi em distritos vizinhos e em Dimapur, a capital comercial de Nagaland, e Kohima, a capital política de Nagaland. Em Assam é falado no distrito de Tinsukia perto de Margherita, uma cidade na fronteira com Nagaland.

Em Nagaland é falado particularmente no distrito de Zunheboto ao redor da cidade de Zunheboto. Há também falantes de Sümi em distritos vizinhos e em Dimapur, a capital comercial de Nagaland, e Kohima, a capital política de Nagaland. Em Assam é falado no distrito de Tinsukia perto de Margherita, uma cidade na fronteira com Nagaland.

Outros nomes
Sümi também é conhecido como Sema, Simi ou Sumi Naga. Os dialetos incluem Dayang (Western Sümi), Lazami, Jimomi e Zumomi.
.== Dialetos ==
Ethnologue lista os seguintes dialetos de Sümi.
Dayang (Sumi Ocidental)
Lazami
Jimomi
Zumomi

Escrita
Sümi é escrito com o alfabeto latino e foi escrito pela primeira vez por missionários no início do século XX. Há algum material escrito no idioma, incluindo um dicionário, gramática e uma tradução da Bíblia

O  alfabeto latino usado pela língua não tem a letra W.. Usam-se o Ü, Gn, Ng, Ch, Chh, gh, kh, mh, nh, th, sh

Fonologia

Consoantes
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" |
! Bilabial
! Labiodental
! Alveolar
! Pós-alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Uvular
! Glotal
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Nasal
!
|
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|-
!
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|-
! rowspan="3" colspan="2" | Oclusiva
!
|
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!
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|-
!
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|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Africada
!
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|-
!
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| ()
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|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Fricativa
!
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!
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! rowspan="3" | Aproximante
!

Sümi tem três tons: alto, médio e baixo. Não há uma maneira padrão de indicá-los por escrito. O tom alto pode ser indicado com acento agudo (á) ou duplicando consoantes, enquanto o agudo grave pode ser indicado com acento grave (à) ou com h. O tom médio não costuma ser marcado.
Por exemplo: apuh (tom baixo) = pai, apu (tom médio) = dipper, appu (tom alto) = filho.
 A frontal fechada e as vogais centrais fechadas foram descritas de várias maneiras como aproximantes  e . A vogal posterior fechada só foi descrita como próxima .
 Na posição medial da palavra,  pode ser percebido como meio .
 As vogais médias  podem ser percebidas como meio fechadas  ou meio abertas .
  descreve o alofone médio fechado de  como um  ligeiramente avançado.
  foi descrito como quase aberto  e aberto .
 Após paradas uvulares,  pode ser realizado como abertura traseira não arredondada .

Notas

Bibliografia

Ligações externas
[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nsm
[https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/12015
[http://www.language-archives.org/language/nsm
[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/sumi.htm

Sümi
Sümi

Língua sümi


An Eleocharis rugosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni David Alan Simpson. An Eleocharis rugosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eleocharis, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eleocharis

Eleocharis rugosa


(84996) Hortobágy, denumire internațională (84996) Hortobagy, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
84996 Hortobágy este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Piszkesteto de Krisztián Sárneczky. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,99 ua, o excentricitate de 0,10 și o înclinație de 9,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 84001-85000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2003
Centura de asteroizi

84996 Hortobágy


Isla San Antonio es el nombre que recibe una isla fluvial de Venezuela ubicada en el Río Orínoco (el más importante de ese país suramericano) específicamente en las coordenadas geográficas , 456 kilómetros al sur de la Capital, Caracas. Administrativamente depende del Estado Apure en la Región de los Llanos. Al sur de su territorio se encuentran la isla Changuangal, El Gallo y Gatino, al este la Isla El Caimán, y al oeste la Laguna San Antonio y el Hato San Antonio.

Véase también
 Geografía de Venezuela
 Islas de Venezuela

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de Localización de la Isla

Archipiélagos e islas de Apure
Islas fluviales de Venezuela

Isla San Antonio (Venezuela)


An Juncus rechingeri in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Sven E. Snogerup. An Juncus rechingeri in nahilalakip ha genus nga Juncus, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Juncus

Juncus rechingeri


Waterbury ist eine Town im Washington County des Bundesstaates Vermont in den Vereinigten Staaten mit 5331 Einwohnern (laut Volkszählung von 2020).

Geografie

Geografische Lage
Das Gebiet liegt inmitten der Green Mountains und wird vom Winooski River durchflossen. Montpelier liegt 17 km südöstlich, Burlington 40 km nordwestlich des Gebietes. In der Town Waterbury sind drei Siedlungskerne zu finden: das Village Waterbury, Waterbury Center und Colbyville.

Ausdehnung des Stadtgebiets
Die Hauptsiedlung in der Town Waterbury ist das im Süden am Winooski River liegende und mit eigenständigen Rechten versehene Village Waterbury. Im Village befindet sich auch die Siedlung Mills Village deren Kern genau wie der Ortskern von Waterbury Village im National Register of Historic places gelistet ist. Nördlich befindet sich im Zentrum der Town die Ansiedlung Waterbury Center.

Nachbargemeinden
Alle Angaben als Luftlinien zwischen den offiziellen Koordinaten der Orte aus der Volkszählung 2010.

 Norden: Stowe, 6,5 km
 Nordosten: Worcester, 18,3 km
 Osten: Middlesex, 14,2 km
 Süden: Moretown, 8,8 km
 Südwesten: Duxbury, 8,0 km
 Westen: Bolton, 13,3 km

Klima

Die mittlere Durchschnittstemperatur in Waterbury liegt zwischen −8,1 °C im Januar und 19,7 °C im Juli. Damit liegt der Ort im Bereich des langjährigen Temperaturmittels in Vermont. Die Schneefälle zwischen Oktober und Mai liegen mit bis zu sechs Metern etwa doppelt so hoch wie die mittlere Schneehöhe in den USA, die tägliche Sonnenscheindauer liegt am unteren Rand des Wertespektrums der USA.

Geschichte
Die Town wurde am 7. Juni 1763 als Teil der New Hampshire Grants durch Gouverneur Benning Wentworth ausgerufen, aber erst ab 1784 dauerhaft besiedelt. Die erste Stadtversammlung, mit der die verwaltungstechnische Unabhängigkeit der Town festgestellt wurde, fand am 31. März 1790 statt. Waterbury wurde in erster Linie landwirtschaftlich genutzt, aber zwei größere Wasserläufe boten die Möglichkeit, auch Getreide- und Holzmühlen zu errichten. Daraus entwickelte sich rasch eine lokale Industrie, die zum Teil auch innovativ wirkte. So gründeten die Colby-Brüder, später wichtige Unternehmer Vermonts, hier ab 1856 in einer stillgelegten Schnapsbrennerei die erste Weidenrinden-Schälfabrik; Weide war für den Bau von Kisten und Körben damals eine unabdingbare Grundlage. Einen deutlichen Flächenzuwachs verzeichnete die Town Ende Oktober 1850, als ihr einige Flächen aus der benachbarten Town Middlesex zugeschlagen wurden, die damals neu zugeschnitten wurde.

Bereits 1849 war Waterbury über die Bahnstrecke Windsor–Burlington an das wachsende Schienennetz der Vereinigten Staaten angeschlossen, was aber durch die örtliche Industrie kaum genutzt wurde. Der Personenverkehr war dagegen erheblich. Im Jahr 1897 wurde der Bahnhof in Waterbury deswegen zusätzlich von einer Überlandstraßenbahn, der Straßenbahn Waterbury–Stowe, angefahren, die bis 1932 bestand. Der zunehmende Individualverkehr und die sinkenden Beförderungszahlen führten zu einer Vernachlässigung der Strecke, bis 1966 der Personenverkehr aus Sicherheitsgründen eingestellt wurde. Nach einer ersten Sanierung der Strecke war Waterbury zwischen 1977 und 1995 mit dem Expresszug The Montrealer mit der kanadischen Metropole Montreal verbunden. 1995 wurde diese Zugverbindung eingestellt und durch den Expresszug The Vermonter ersetzt, der seither die Gemeinde mit Washington verbindet.

Religionen
Als Religionsgemeinschaften finden sich eine römisch-katholische, eine wesleyanische Gemeinde und eine Niederlassung der United Church of Christ; zudem gibt es zwei methodistische Kirchen.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur
Die kommerzielle Grundlage des Ortes bildet heute der Tourismus. Waterbury dient als zentraler Standort für eine größere Zahl von Sommer- und besonders Wintersportzielen in einem Umkreis von 50 Kilometern. Zusätzlich sind zwei größere Firmen mit ihrem Hauptsitz hier angesiedelt: die auch in Europa vertretende Speiseeisproduktion Ben & Jerry's sowie eine Kaffeerösterei, die Green Mounain Coffee Roasters.

Verkehr
Die Interstate 89 liegt am Südrand der Town und stellt die wichtigste Verkehrsanbindung dar. Zusätzlich verkehrt auf der noch bestehenden Bahnstrecke Windsor–Burlington der Amtrak-Express The Vermonter.

Öffentliche Einrichtungen
Neben den üblichen städtischen Einrichtungen und den Schulen findet sich in Waterbury eine öffentliche Bibliothek. Das nächstgelegene Krankenhaus, das Central Vermont Medical Center, findet sich in Berlin.

Bildung
Waterbury gehört mit Duxbury, Fayston, Moretown, Waitsfield und Warren zur Washington West Supervisory Union.

In der Town werden alle Schulformen bis zur Highschool angeboten: die vierzügige, mit Kindergarten ausgestattete Thatcher Brook Primary School sowie die Crossett Brook Middle School. Eine öffentliche Bücherei komplettiert das Bildungsangebot.

Persönlichkeiten

Söhne und Töchter der Stadt
 Lucius Benedict Peck (1802–1866), Politiker und Abgeordneter im US-Repräsentantenhaus
 William P. Dillingham (1843–1923), Politiker und Gouverneur von Vermont
 Mason S. Stone (1859–1940), Politiker und Vizegouverneur von Vermont
 Wallace M. Greene junior (1907–2003), General im Zweiten Weltkrieg

Persönlichkeiten, die vor Ort gewirkt haben
 Ezra Butler (1763–1838), Gouverneur Vermonts und Abgeordneter im US-Repräsentantenhaus; Rechtsanwalt in Waterbury
 Henry Fisk Janes (1792–1879), Politiker und Abgeordneter im US-Repräsentantenhaus; Stadtrat in Waterbury
 Porter H. Dale (1867–1933), Politiker und Abgeordneter Vermont in beiden Kammern des US-Senates; Lehrer in Waterbury
 Charles J. Adams (1917–2008), US-amerikanischer Jurist und Politiker, der Vermont Attorney General war

Literatur

Weblinks

 Website der Gemeinde (englisch)
 Steckbrief der Gemeinde auf dem offiziellen Portal Vermont.gov (englisch)
  (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

New Hampshire Grant

Gemeindegründung 1763

Waterbury (Vermont)


Guarana (Portekizce guaraná) (Paullinia cupana), sabunağacıgiller (Sapindaceae) küçük kırmızı meyveli, yüksek dozda kafein içeren tropik bir bitki türü. Brezilya'nın Amazon bölgesinde yaşayanlar guarana tohumlarını çiğneyerek ya da toz hale getirilip suda eritip içerek enerji sağlarlar. Ayrıca günümüzde enerji içecekleri sektöründe kullanılmaktadır.

Alman botanikçi F.C. Paullini tarafından keşfedildiği XVIII. yüzyıldan beri Avrupalılar tarafından tanınmaktadır. Taneleri, yüksek yoğunlukta kafein maddesine sahiptir ki bu onu dünyada en yüksek oranda kafeine sahip olduğu bilinen bitki yapmaktadır. Uyarıcı özellikleri için ister taneleri kurutularak, ister ayıklanan tanelerden öğütülerek elde edilen tozu suda veya meyve suyunda eritilerek tüketilir. Toprağı anımsatan tadı acıdır, ama lezzeti çok özeldir. Kırmızı renkteki meyvesi, olgunlaştığında, tanesi gibi beyaz etlidir. Brezilya'da, guarana, (yabani halde) Amazonya Bölgesinde, Mato-Grosso ve Bahia'da yetiştirilir.  Amazonya'da, Maués bölgesinin yakınında, onun özelliklerini ilk defa keşfeden Sateré-Mawé ulusundan Kızılderiler, bitkinin kaynağı konusunda efsaneler üretmeye devam etmektedirler.

Guarana, bitkisel ilaç olarak da çok popüler bir bitkidir. Kafeine ve kuşkusuz zihinsel yetenekleri etkileyebilecek diğer maddelere, özellikle de teobramin gibi diğer ksantinlere bağlı uyarıcı etkisi ile tanınır. Konsantrasyonu, hafızayı, zihinsel hesaplamayı geliştirir.

Brezilya'da çok popüler ve aynı şekilde guarana olarak isimlendirilen sodalı bir içecek türü, bitkinin özlerinden sentezlenmektedir. Portekiz'de, hatta Almanya'da ve İsviçre'de, -başlangıçta ithal edilen- bu tür bir içeceğin, 1990'lı yıllardan beri ticareti yapılmaktadır.

Psiko-tropik özellik

Taneler, çok yüksek dozda kafein içerir (100 gramında 4,5 gr.dan fazla) (pazarlama nedenlerinden dolayı bazen guaranin olarak da isimlendirilir), ancak teofilin (0,4 g) ve teobromin (0,005 g) gibi diğer alkoloidler ile aynıdır. Böylece, Güney Amerika yerlilerinin de (tonik, antidiareik, antinevraljik) birçok hastalığı iyileştirmek için geleneksel tıpta kullandıkları uyarıcı bir psiko-tropik maddedir. Hatta diyete ek olarak da yararlıdır. Birçok hastalığı iyileştirmek için Kolomb öncesi dönemde, Tupi-Gurani kolundan çeşitli kabileler (Andira, Satéré-Mawé) tarafından bitkisel ilaç olarak kullanıldı. Bitkiyi kullanmak için, Kızılderililer, bir hamur elde etmek için kavrulan ve soyulan taneleri az bir suyla ezerlerdi, sonra bu hamuru yoğurur ve bir sopa şeklinde yuvarlarlardı. Bu sopa, koruma sağlanması için birçok ay boyunca bir ateşin üzerine yerleştirilirdi. Daha sonra, Amazon Nehri'nin dev balığı olan pirarucunun ıslak diliyle bir su kabağının içine rendelenir. Satéré-Mawélerin geleneksel içeceği olan çapo yapmak için üzerine su eklenir. Taneleri, erojen stimülayona neden olarak, merkezi beyin sinirleri üzerine etki yapan yatıştırıcı tonik içerdiğinden, bazıları guaranaya afrodizyak özellikler atfeder.

Tane içinde bulunan elemanlar
Tane, adenin, kafein, guanin, hipoksantin, teofilin, teobromin, laksantin gibi farklı alkaloidler ve haberciler içermektedir. Aynı zamanda başka elemanlar da içerir: zamk, pektin, tanenler, amino asitler, esansiyel yağ asitleri, mineral tuzlar (kalsiyum, potasyum, fosfor, demir, bakır, çinko, magnezyum), eser elementler (selenyum, germanyum, stronsiyum) ve vitaminler (A, E, B1, B3 ve PP).

Kullanım
Olgunluktan hemen önce, Guarana salkımının garip bir görünümü vardır. Bu meyvenin kırmızımsı kabuğu şaşırtır ve gözbebeği gibi ortasında siyah çıkıntısı bulunan beyaz bir çekirdek görünür. Bu nedendendir ki Mawéler Guarana'yı «Ormanın Gözü» olarak isimlendirirler.

Öncelikle meyve, etli kabuğundan ayrılır. Sonra 6 gün 6 gece boyunca açık havada kurutulur. Kuruyan salkımlar, biraz su ile havanda dövülür. Hamur, Guarana hamurundan küçük somunlar şeklinde elde yuvarlanır. Bu somunlar, 40 gün boyunca tütsülenir. Tütsülenen somun artık uzun yıllar boyunca saklanmaya hazırdır.

İçecek
Guarana, aynı zamanda, bitkinin tanelerinden üretilen, tatlandırılmış, sodalı şekerli bir içeceğin adıdır. Bu içecek, başta Brezilya ve Almanya (Kicos)'da üretilmekte ve satılmakta, içecek olarak çok popülerdir. 350 ml.lik metalik kutularda ve 500 ml ila 2,5 litrelik şişelerde (Almanya'da: 700 ml.lik şişelerde) paketlenmiştir. Bu içeceği üreten başlıca dört marka vardır: Antarctica, Brezilya, Sarandi'de, ülkenin güneyinde satılan guaranalı içeceğin büyük çoğunluğunu üretmektedir;  Brezilya'da Hristiyan işçiler derneğinin adil ticaret kooperatifinin ürettiği Guaranito, ve  Artisans du Monde şebekesi tarafından Fransa'da dağıtılan, ve (Coca-Cola'ya ait marka) Kuat.  Ayrıca İsviçre'de de kooperatife dağıtılan,  Guaraná Antarctica adıyla da bulunmaktadır.

Enerji verici özellikleri nedeniyle bugün, gazlı içecekler, meyve suları, « enerji » içecekleri gibi  (smart drink tipi) birçok içecek (Son zamanlarda (03/2011), FAB de Forever Living Products ,Dark Dog, So WOW, Guru veya Burn ve red bull ) ve hatta biralar da (Vores Øl, Desperados Red, Bière Sedania, Bière Propaganda, Kick de Molson ve Shok de Labatt) guarana içermektedir.

Biyo-çeşitlilik
Sateré-Mawé'nin kendi guarana kültürünü korumak ve geliştirmek için, Presidio üreticileri, Sateré-Mawé yerlilerinin temsil organı olan Conselho Geral da Tribo Sateré Mawé (CGTSM) himayesinde bir kooperatif olarak gruplanmışlardır.

Paullinia
Uyarıcı bitki ve mantarlar
Brezilya'daki ağaçlar
Tropikal tarım

Guarana


لاندون دونوفان ، هو لاعب كرة قدم أمريكي سابق، ولد 4 مارس 1982 في مدينة أونتاريو بولاية كاليفورنيا الأمريكية، يلعب لمنتخب أمريكا لكرة القدم، وفي أغسطس 2009 أصيب دونوفان بإنفلونزا الخنازير. وفي يناير 2010 انتقل الاعب عن طريق الإعارة إلى نادي إيفرتون الإنجليزي

و مع المنتخب الوطني للولايات المتحدة، دونوفان هو هداف المنتخب، و أكتر من صنع أهداف (الاسيست), وهو أكثر لاعب مثل المنتخب الأمريكي لكرة القدم من اللاعبين النشطيين حالياً. حصل ولأربع مرات بجائزة رياضي لكرة القدم في الولايات المتحدة للسنة (للفوز في سنوات متتالية) ، فضلا عن ثلاثة مرات جائزة لاعب هوندا للسنة. وهو صاحب أكثر أهداف في كأس العالم بين اللاعبين الأمريكان، وثالث لاعب أمريكي ليسجل في أكثر من نهائيات كأس عالم واحدة (بعد بريان مأكبرايد وكلينت ديمبسي).

روابط خارجية

مراجع

 اصابة دونوفان مهاجم الولايات المتحدة بانفلونزا الخنازير

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في المكسيك
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية أمريكيون مغتربون
أجنحة كرة قدم
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من أونتاريو (كاليفورنيا)
أشخاص من ريدلاندس (كاليفورنيا)
أمريكيون من أصل أيرلندي
أمريكيون من أصل كندي
رياضيون أمريكيون مغتربون في المكسيك
رياضيون أمريكيون مغتربون في ألمانيا
رياضيون أمريكيون مغتربون في إنجلترا
رياضيون أمريكيون من أصل كندي
رياضيون من مانهاتان بيتش (كاليفورنيا)
فائزون بميداليات برونزية في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية من الولايات المتحدة
فائزون بميداليات في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية 1999
فائزون بميداليات في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية في كرة القدم
لاعبو الدوري الألماني
لاعبو الدوري الأمريكي لكرة القدم
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري المكسيكي الممتاز
لاعبو الكأس الذهبي للكونكاكاف 2007
لاعبو الكأس الذهبية الكونكاكاف 2002
لاعبو إيفرتون
لاعبو باير 04 ليفركوزن
لاعبو باير ليفركوزن
لاعبو بايرن ميونخ
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو سان خوزيه إيرثكويكس
لاعبو كأس العالم 2002
لاعبو كأس العالم 2006
لاعبو كأس العالم 2010
لاعبو كأس القارات 2003
لاعبو كأس القارات 2009
لاعبو كأس الكونكاكاف الذهبية 2003
لاعبو كأس الكونكاكاف الذهبية 2005
لاعبو كأس الكونكاكاف الذهبية في 2011
لاعبو كأس كونكاكاف الذهبية 2013
لاعبو كرة قدم أمريكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم أمريكيون أولمبيون
لاعبو كرة قدم أمريكيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم أمريكيون مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية أمريكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2000
لاعبو كرة قدم في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية 1999
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في المكسيك
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم من كاليفورنيا
لاعبو كلوب ليون
لاعبو لوس أنجلوس غالاكسي
لاعبو منتخب الولايات المتحدة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب الولايات المتحدة لكرة القدم للرجال تحت 20 سنة
لاعبو منتخب الولايات المتحدة لكرة القدم للرجال تحت 23 سنة
لاعبو منتخب الولايات المتحدة لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبون فائزون بالكأس الذهبية الكونكاكاف
مدربو بطولة دوري كرة القدم المتحدة
مدربو كرة قدم أمريكيون
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1982
مواليد في أونتاريو (كاليفورنيا)
نادي الفيفا المئوي
رياضيون من ريدلاندس (كاليفورنيا)
لاعبو كرة قدم من مقاطعه سان بيرناردينو (كاليفورنيا)

لاندون دونوفان


Križ na Marjanu je bio križ na vrhu Marjana Telegrinu (drugi vrh). Bio je postavljen 1900. godine. Bio je isklesan od bijelog kamena. Blagoslov križu bio je 5. svibnja 1901. godine. Dao ga je kanonik i župnik stolne crkve don Mate Dvornik. Od tada su pučani ovaj vrh Marjana zvali Veli križ. Marjanski križ dokumentiran je crtežem u zbirci pjesama legendarnog splitskog gradonačelnika Vicka Mihaljevića Pregršt sušnja. Ratne okolnosti 1917. godine nagnale su austrougarsku vojsku na odluku o potrebi privremenog uklanjanja križa. Razlog je bio što je neprijateljskom topništvu mogao poslužiti kao ciljnik. Položeni križ ostao je na svom mjestu još neko vrijeme nakon pada Austro-Ugarske.
Bilo je pokušaja obnove 1927., ali novi križ postavljen je tek 2013. godine.

Izvori

Građevine u Splitu
Marjan
Marjan

Križ na Marjanu (1901.)


Gradsko groblje sv. Mihovil je rimokatoličko groblje u Sarajevu. Površine je 1 hektara.  Brojni ugledni sarajevski katolici pokopani su ovdje. Među njima su arhitekt Karlo Paržik, slikar Ljubo Lah, majka nobelovca Ive Andrića Kata Andrić, poznati sarajevski osobenjak Nikola "Teški radnik" (Nikola Mestyanek), poduzetnik Josip Da Riva (Giuseppe da Riva) i dr. Izrađeno je po projektu Josipa Rekvenjija (Josef Rekvenyi), koji je također pokopan ovdje. Otvoreno je 23. studenoga 1884. godine. Umrle se pokapalo ovdje do 1966. godine. Nakon toga više nije bilo pokopa jer je godinu prije otvoreno veće groblje Bare. Nakon velikosrpske agresije na Sarajevo opet se ovdje pokapalo mrtve. Župni ured župe Srca Isusova upravljanje objektom prenio je 2002. na tvrtku Pokop. U preko 2200 grobnih mjesta pokopano je blizu 3,5 tisuća osoba katoličke vjere. Grobovi su namijenjeni isključivo za pokop katolika. Smješteno je do pravoslavnog groblja Sveti Arhanđela Georgija i Gavrila, koje je sa sjeverne strane. U blizini su park Kemala Montena, Park svjetlosti, gradsko groblje sv. Josip, Ciglane, stadion za brzo klizanje, gradsko groblje Stadion, Koševsko brdo, Crni vrh, Mejtaš, Višnjik, Bjelave i Fakultet zdravstvenih studija.

Izvori

Katolička groblja u Bosni i Hercegovini
Groblja u Sarajevu

Gradsko groblje sv. Mihovil u Sarajevu


Vinson Dağı veya Vinson Masifi, 4892 m (2004) (çok zaman 5140 metre olarak da geçer) yüksekliği ile Antarktika'nın en yüksek dağı. Bu yüzden Yedi Zirveler (İng.Seven Summits) kategorisine girer. Dağ, Antarktika araştırmalarını teşvik etmiş Amerikalı senatör Carl Vinson'un adını almıştır.

Dağ, 1957 yılında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Hava Kuvvetleri 'nin Sentinel Sıradağları üzerindeki bir uçuşu sırasında keşfedilir. İlk tırmanış, National Geographic Society'nin ve ABD Donanması'nın finasal desteği ile American Alpine Club tarafından 17 Aralık 1966'da bir keşif gezisi ile gerçekleştirlir.

Tırmanışın zorlukları (yüksek maliyetleri saymazsak), teknik zorluklardan değil, bilakis Güney Kutbu'na 1200 km mesafesi,  soğuk ve fırtınaların yol açtığı, dağın sıra dışı koşullarından kaynaklanır.

Dış bağlantılar
 Tırmanış raporu (Almanca)

Dörtbinlikler
Antarktika'daki dağlar
Yedi Zirveler

Vinson Dağı


Samuel Bronfman,  (February 27, 1889 – July 10, 1971) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He founded Distillers Corporation Limited, and is a member of the Canadian Bronfman family.

Biography
Samuel Bronfman was born in Otaci, Soroca uyezd, Bessarabia, then part of the Russian Empire (present-day Moldova), one of eight children of Mindel and Yechiel Bronfman. He and his parents were both Jewish refugees of Czarist Russia's antisemitic pogroms, who immigrated to Wapella in the North-West Territories' District of Assiniboia. They soon moved to Brandon, Manitoba. A wealthy family, they were accompanied by their rabbi and two servants. Soon Yechiel learned that tobacco farming, which had made him a wealthy man in his homeland, was incompatible with the cold climate of that region. Yechiel was forced to work as a laborer for the Canadian Northern Railway, and after a short time moved to a better job in a sawmill. Yechiel and his sons then started making a good living selling firewood and began a trade in frozen whitefish to earn a winter income. Eventually, they turned to trade horses, a venture through which they became involved in the hotel and bar business.

In 1903, the family bought a hotel business, and Samuel, noting that much of the profit was in alcoholic beverages, set up shop as a liquor distributor. He founded the Distillers Corporation in Montreal in 1924, specializing in cheap whisky, and concurrently taking advantage of the U.S. prohibition on alcoholic beverages. The Bronfmans sold liquor to the northern cities of the U.S. such as Boston, New York City and Chicago during the Prohibition era, where alcohol production and distribution was illegal, while operating from the perimeters of Montreal, Quebec where alcohol production was legal.

On June 21, 1922, Bronfman married Saidye Rosner (December 9, 1896 – July 7, 1995), with whom he had four children:  Aileen Mindel "Minda" Bronfman de Gunzburg (1925–1985),
Phyllis Lambert (born January 24, 1927), Edgar Miles Bronfman (June 20, 1929 – December 21, 2013), Charles Rosner Bronfman (born June 27, 1931).

Business career
Bronfman's Distillers Corporation acquired Joseph E. Seagram & Sons of Waterloo, Ontario, from the heirs of Joseph Seagram in 1928. Bronfman eventually built an empire based on the appeal of brand names developed previously by Seagram—including Calvert, Dewars, and Seven Crown—to higher-level consumers. His sales were boosted during the United States' abortive experiment with prohibition, and he was apparently able to do so while staying within the confines of both Canadian law, where prohibition laws had been previously repealed, and American law. His renamed company, Seagram Co. Ltd., became an international distributor of alcoholic beverages, and a diversified conglomerate which included an entertainment branch. Under his leadership, in the 1950s the Seagram company developed a headquarters in New York City, the Seagram Building.

Because of changes to US tax law in the Lyndon Johnson administration, it became advantageous for Bronfman to purchase an oil company, which he did with the purchase of Texas Pacific Coal and Oil Company in 1963 for $50 million. In 1980, the Bronfman heirs sold the Texas Pacific Oil holdings to Sun Oil Co. for $2.3 billion.

The Seagram assets have since been acquired by other companies, notably The Coca-Cola Company, Diageo, and Pernod Ricard.

Philanthropy, awards and commemoration

In 1952, he established The Samuel and Saidye Bronfman Family Foundation, one of Canada's major private granting foundations. Bronfman was President of the Canadian Jewish Congress from 1939 to 1962, and he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada in 1967. In 1971, he helped to establish the Bronfman Building at McGill University, which houses the Desautels Faculty of Management. The building was named in his honour as appreciation for his donation to the university. The Bronfman family has continued its support of the university; in 1993 they created the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, and in 2002 donated the Seagram Building on Sherbrooke St. to McGill.

The Bronfman Archaeology Wing of the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, Israel, is named for Bronfman and his wife.

The Samuel Bronfman Chair in Management was also established at McGill University in January 1942. The current holder is Nancy J. Adler, a professor of organizational behavior in the Desautels Faculty of Management.

In fiction
Mordecai Richler's 1989 novel Solomon Gursky Was Here is largely based on the life of Samuel Bronfman.

See also
History of the Jews in Canada

References

Further reading
 Christopher G. Curtis, "Bronfman Family", The Canadian Encyclopedia: Year 2000 Edition (1999) –
 Michael R. Marrus, Mr. Sam: The Life and Times of Samuel Bronfman (1991) –
 Peter C. Newman, Bronfman Dynasty: The Rothschilds of the New World (1978; U.S. title: King of the Castle: The Making of a Dynasty)

External links
 Seagram Museum collection  at Hagley Museum and Library
 Seagram Museum Collection Brock University Library Digital Repository

Samuel
1889 births
1971 deaths
20th-century Canadian businesspeople
20th-century Canadian Jews
20th-century Canadian philanthropists
Anglophone Quebec people
Bessarabian Jews
Businesspeople from Brandon, Manitoba
Businesspeople from Montreal
Canadian chief executives
Canadian drink distillers
Canadian Jewish Congress
Canadian people of Moldovan-Jewish descent
Canadian people of Russian-Jewish descent
Companions of the Order of Canada
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Canada
Jewish Canadian philanthropists
Moldovan Jews
People from Otaci
People from Soroksky Uyezd
Seagram

Samuel Bronfman


Nogometno prvenstvo Like (Lička nogometna liga, Nogometna liga Like) za sezonu 1984./85.
Sudjelovalo je 10 klubova, a prvak je bio "Velebit" iz Žabice.

Ljestvica

 ljestvica bez rezultata jedne utakmice
 Plitvica – na današnjem području tog naselja je naselje Plitvička Jezera
 Titova Korenica – tadašnji naziv za Korenicu

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Unutrašnje poveznice

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 Sportske novosti", lipanj 1985.

1984-85
Lika

Nogometno prvenstvo Like 1984./85.


Boston United Football Club, más conocido como Boston United o simplemente Boston, es un club de fútbol inglés, de la villa de Boston en el condado de Lincolnshire. Juega actualmente en la National League North, una de las dos ligas que se encuentran en el sexto nivel. Fue miembro de la Football League entre 2002 y 2007.

En su primera temporada profesional Boston ganó la Conference National y llegó a la Football League Two por primera vez. En 2004, compró a Paul Gascoigne, un centrocampista que jugó 57 partidos para la Selección de fútbol de Inglaterra desde 1990 hasta 1997, aunque abandonó el club el 5 de octubre del mismo año luego de cinco partidos. Los Peregrinos fueron relegados después de la temporada de 2006-07 y volvieron a la Conference North el 1 de mayo de 2008 después de un partido frente al Bradford Park Avenue.

Boston United es conocido como the Pilgrims (Los Peregrinos) en honor a los peregrinos que navegaron a Nueva Inglaterra y fundaron Boston, Massachusetts. El barco en su escudo también hace referencia a este acontecimiento.

La escuadra lleva los colores ámbar y negro, aunque antes lucía el azul y blanco. Además, tiene una rivalidad con el otro club de Lincolnshire, el Lincoln City Football Club de la League One. Otros vecinos incluyen a Scunthorpe United y a Grimsby Town.

Cuenta también con un equipo de fútbol femenino.

Jugadores

Plantilla 2019/20

Actualizado al 9 de enero de 2020.

Altas y bajas 2017–18 (verano)

Entrenadores

Palmarés

Torneos nacionales

 Football Conference (1): 2002

 Southern League :1999/00

Northern Premier League: 1972/73, 1973/74, 1976/77, 1977/78.

Northern Premier League Challenge Cup: 1973/74, 1975/76, 2009/10.

Northern Premier League Challenge Shield
Winners: 1973–74, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1977–78
Lincolnshire Senior Cup
Winners: 1934–35, 1936–37, 1937–38, 1945–46, 1949–50, 1954–55, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1959–60, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1988–89, 2005–06
Non-League Champions of Champions Cup
Winners: 1972–73, 1976–77
East Anglian Cup
Winners: 1960–61
Central Alliance League
Champions: 1961–62
United Counties League
Champions: 1965–66
West Midlands League
Champions: 1966–67, 1967–68
Eastern Professional Floodlit Cup
Winners: 1971–72

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Equipos de fútbol fundados en 1933
Equipos de fútbol de Inglaterra
Reino Unido en 1933

Boston United Football Club


Veldenija (lat. Weldenia), monotipaski rod trajnica iz porodice komelinovki. Jedina vrsta je W. candida koja raste po visokim planinama Gvatemale i Meksika. A prirodna staništa su joj obronci i krateri vulkana.

Vrsta je prvi puta opisana 1829., a u Kraljevski botanički vrt prvi puta donesena je iz Gvatemale sa stratovulkana Volcán de Agua. Rod je dobio ime u čast austrijskog vojnog časnika Ludwiga von Weldena

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Komelinovke
Flora središnjeg Meksika
Flora sjeveroistočnog Meksika
Flora jugoistočnog Meksika
Flora jugozapadnog Meksika
Flora Gvatemale

Veldenija


සෙනරත් යන්නෙන් පහත දෑ අදහස් විය හැක:
 සෙනරත් රජ - වර්ෂ 1604 සිට 1635 දක්වා මහනුවර අගනුවර කරගනිමින් ලංකා රාජ්‍යය පාලනය කල රජු.
 සෙනරත් පරණවිතාන - ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කීර්තිමත් පුරාවිද්‍යාඥයෙකි.
 සෙනරත් පද්මලාල් සඳුන්ගහවත්ත - උතුරු මැද බාර නියෝජ්‍ය පොලිස්පති වශයෙන් කටයුතු කල ශ්‍රී ලංකා පොලීස් නිලධාරියෙකි.

වක්‍රෝත්තිහරණ පිටු

සෙනරත්


Jelena Utkina (  , født 29. maj 1990 i Volgograd, Rusland) er en russisk håndboldspiller som spiller for HK Lada Togliatti og det russiske landshold.

Eksterne henvisninger

Håndboldspillere fra Rusland
Personer fra Volgograd

Jelena Utkina


Acmanthera, rod južnoamričkog bilja iz porodice malpigijevki rasprostranjenog po sjevernom i sjeveroistočnom Brazilu. Postoji sedam priznatih vrsta drveća, grmova i polugrmova koja rastu poglavito u periodično poplavljenim šumama Amazone.

Vrste
 Acmanthera cowanii  W.R. Anderson
 Acmanthera duckei W.R. Anderson
 Acmanthera fernandesii  W.R. Anderson
 Acmanthera latifolia (A. Juss.) Griseb.
 Acmanthera longifolia Nied.
 Acmanthera minima  W.R. Anderson
 Acmanthera parviflora W.R. Anderson

Izvori

Malpigijevke

Acmanthera


Marquess Conyngham, of the County of Donegal, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1816 for Henry Conyngham, 1st Earl Conyngham. He was the great-nephew of another Henry Conyngham, 1st Earl Conyngham, a member of a family of Scottish descent which had settled during the Plantation of Ulster in County Donegal in Ireland in the early 17th century. The 'founder' of the dynasty in Ireland was The Very Rev. Dr. Alexander Cunningham, Dean of Raphoe. The earlier Henry was a member of both the Irish House of Commons and the British House of Commons and served as Vice-Admiral of Ulster and as Governor of the counties of Donegal and Londonderry. In 1753 he was raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Conyngham, of Mount Charles in the County of Donegal, and in 1756 he was created Viscount Conyngham, in Ireland, also in the Peerage of Ireland. In 1781 he was made Baron Conyngham, of Mount Charles in the County of Donegal, with remainder to his nephew Francis Burton, and Earl Conyngham, of Mount Charles in the County of Donegal, which like the creations of 1753 and 1756 was created with normal remainder to the heirs male of his body. The latter titles were also in the Peerage of Ireland. Lord Conyngham was childless and on his death in 1781 the barony of 1753, the viscountcy and earldom became extinct while he was succeeded in the barony of 1781 according to the special remainder by his aforementioned nephew Francis. He was the eldest son of Mary, sister of the first Earl Conyngham, by her husband Francis Burton. The new 2nd Baron Conyngham, who had earlier represented Killybegs and County Clare in the Irish House of Commons, assumed by Royal licence the surname and arms of Conyngham on succeeding to the titles.

The 2nd Baron Conyngham was succeeded by his eldest twin son, Henry, the third Baron. He was a General in the British Army, one of the original 28 Irish Representative Peers, Governor of both County Donegal and County Clare and Lord Steward of the Household. He was created Viscount Conyngham, of Mount Charles in the County of Donegal, in 1789, Viscount Mount Charles and Earl Conyngham in 1797, and Viscount Slane, in the County of Meath, Earl of Mount Charles and Marquess Conyngham, of the County of Donegal, in 1816. All these titles were in the Peerage of Ireland. In 1821 he was also made Baron Minster, of Minster Abbey in the County of Kent, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which gave him an automatic seat in the House of Lords. He was succeeded by his second but eldest surviving son, Francis, the second Marquess. Like his father he was a General in the Army and also held government office as Postmaster General and as Lord Steward of the Household. His eldest son, George, the third Marquess, was a Lieutenant-General in the British Army. When he died the titles passed to his eldest son Henry, the fourth Marquess. He was Vice-Admiral of Ulster. Two of his sons, Victor, the fifth Marquess (who was aide-de-camp to Lieutenant General Sir John Grenfell Maxwell during World War I, and who died on 9 November 1918 in York), and Frederick, the sixth Marquess, both succeeded in the titles. Frederick's son, Frederick, succeeded him in 1974 as seventh Marquess, followed by his son Henry, the eighth Marquess, in 2009.

Several other members of the Conyngham and Burton families may also be mentioned. Henry Conyngham (died 1706), father of the first Earl Conyngham (of the 1718 creation), was a Major-General in the British Army and was killed in the War of the Spanish Succession. Francis Burton (died 1743), father of the second Baron Conyngham, was a Member of the Irish Parliament for Coleraine and County Clare. William Conyngham (who assumed the surname of Conyngham in lieu of Burton in 1781), younger son of Francis Burton and younger brother of the second Baron Conyngham, was a Member of the Irish Parliament and served as a Teller of the Exchequer. The Honourable Sir Francis Burton, second son of the second Baron, was a colonial administrator and Member of Parliament for County Clare. Elizabeth Conyngham, Marchioness Conyngham, wife of the first Marquess, was a mistress of King George IV. Henry Francis Conyngham, Earl of Mount Charles, eldest son of the first Marquess, represented County Donegal in the House of Commons but predeceased his father, unmarried. Lord Albert Denison Conyngham, third son of the first Marquess, assumed the surname of Denison in lieu of Conyngham in 1849 on succeeding to the vast fortune of his maternal uncle William Joseph Denison, and was raised to the peerage as Baron Londesborough the following year (see this title for more information on this branch of the family). Lady Jane Conyngham, second daughter of the first Marquess, was a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria. Lord Francis Conyngham, second son of the second Marquess, was Member of Parliament for County Clare.

The family seat is Slane Castle in County Meath. A former family seat was The Hall in the village of Mountcharles, near Donegal Town in the south of County Donegal. The family surname is pronounced "Cunningum".

Baron Conyngham (1753-1781), Viscount Conyngham (1756-1781)
1st Baron Conyngham, 1st Viscount Conyngham (1705–1781) (Created Viscount Conyngham 1756, Earl Conyngham and a second Baron Conyngham 1781)

Earls Conyngham and Baron Conyngham (1781)
Henry, 1st (and last) Earl Conyngham, 1st (and last) Viscount Conyngham, 1st (and last) Baron Conyngham (1753 creation), 1st Baron Conyngham (1781 creation) (1705–1781)

Barons Conyngham (1781; Reverted)
Francis Pierpoint Conyngham, 2nd Baron Conyngham, nephew of Henry Conyngham, 1st Earl Conyngham (died 1787)
Henry Conyngham, 3rd Baron Conyngham (1766–1832) (created Viscount Conyngham in 1789, Earl Conyngham in 1797, and Viscount Slane, Earl of Mount Charles, Marquess Conyngham in 1816 and Baron Minster in 1821)

Marquesses Conyngham (1816)

Henry Conyngham, 1st Marquess Conyngham (1766–1832)
Henry Francis Conyngham, Earl of Mount Charles (1795–1824)
Francis Nathaniel Conyngham, 2nd Marquess Conyngham (1797–1876)
George Henry Conyngham, 3rd Marquess Conyngham (1825–1882)
Henry Francis Conyngham, 4th Marquess Conyngham (1857–1897)
Victor George Henry Francis Conyngham, 5th Marquess Conyngham (1883–1918)
Frederick William Burton Conyngham, 6th Marquess Conyngham (1890–1974)
Frederick William Henry Francis Conyngham, 7th Marquess Conyngham (1924–2009)
Henry Vivien Pierpont Conyngham, 8th Marquess Conyngham (born 1951)
The heir apparent is the present holder's son Alexander Burton Conyngham, Earl of Mount Charles (born 1975).
The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son Rory Nicholas Burton Conyngham, Viscount Slane (born 2010).

 Lt.-Gen. Henry Conyngham (d. 1705/6)
  Henry Conyngham, 1st Baron Conyngham, 1st Earl Conyngham (1705–1781)
 Mary Conyngham (d. 1737)
  Francis Pierpoint Conyngham, 2nd Baron Conyngham (c. 1730 – 1787)
  General Sir Henry Conyngham, 1st Marquess Conyngham (1766–1832)
 Henry Francis Conyngham, Earl of Mount Charles (1795–1824)
  General Sir Francis Nathaniel Conyngham, 2nd Marquess Conyngham (1797–1876)
  General George Henry Conyngham, 3rd Marquess Conyngham (1825–1882)
  Henry Francis Conyngham, 4th Marquess Conyngham (1857–1897)
  Victor George Henry Francis Conyngham, 5th Marquess Conyngham (1883–1918)
  Frederick William Burton Conyngham, 6th Marquess Conyngham (1890–1974)
  Frederick William Henry Francis Conyngham, 7th Marquess Conyngham (1924–2009)
  Henry Vivien Pierpont Conyngham, 8th Marquess Conyngham (born 1951)
 (1) Alexander Burton Conyngham, Earl of Mount Charles (born 1975)
 (2) Rory Nicholas Burton Conyngham, Viscount Slane (born 2010)
 (3) Hon. Caspar Conyngham (born 2012)
 (4) Lord Simon Charles Eveleigh Wren Conyngham (born 1953)
 (5) Lord Frederick William Patrick Conyngham (born 1959)
 (6) Lord John Victor Albert Blosse Conyngham (born 1926)
  Albert Denison Denison, 1st Baron Londesborough (1805–1860)
 Hon. Harold Albert Denison (1856–1948)
  John Albert Lister Denison, 8th Baron Londesborough (1901–1968)
 (7)  Richard John Denison, 9th Baron Londesborough (born 1959)
 (1, 8) Hon. James Frederick Denison (born 1990)

See also
Baron Londesborough

References

Attribution

Kidd, Charles & Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

Marquessates in the Peerage of Ireland
Noble titles created in 1816
Marquess

Marquess Conyngham


فيلا بارك  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة أورانج، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 11 يناير، 1962.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لفيلا بارك في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان فيلا بارك 5,999 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 1,950 أسرة وعدد العائلات 1,764 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 2,008 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 82.40% من البيض و0.80% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.43% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و12.92% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.03% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و0.93% من الأعراق الأخرى و2.48% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و5.90% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 1,950 أسرة كانت نسبة 37.9% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 82.1% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 6.1% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 2.3% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 9.5% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 7.9% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 4.3% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 3.07، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.22.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 43.6 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 24.6% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 6.5% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 21.2% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 32.9% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 14.5% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 101.6 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 99.0 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المدينة 116,203 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 124,852 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 78,563 دولارًا مقابل 46,667 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمدينة 53,130 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 2.2% من العائلات ونسبة 2.6% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 1.2% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 4.2% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان فيلا بارك 5,812 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 1,976 أسرة وعدد العائلات 1,728 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 2,016 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 78.29% من البيض و0.72% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.58% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و14.69% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.02% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و2.79% من الأعراق الأخرى و2.91% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و10.29% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 1,976 أسرة كانت نسبة 31.6% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 77.2% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 6.2% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 4% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 12.6% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 10.5% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 7.3% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.92، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.11.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 49.6 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 20% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 7.9% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 14.5% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 33.3% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 24.3% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 49.3% ذكور و50.7% إناث.

أعلام
 بات ميكنالي

مراجع

مدن كاليفورنيا
تأسيسات سنة 1962 في كاليفورنيا
مدن في مقاطعة أورانج (كاليفورنيا)

فيلا بارك (كاليفورنيا)


Die Route 16 in New Brunswick, Kanada, gehört zum Trans-Canada-Highway-System. Weiterhin ist er, als sogenannte Core Route, Bestandteil des kanadischen National Highway Systems. Der Highway beginnt bei Aulac an der Route 2, er verläuft entlang der östlichen Provinzgrenze zu Nova Scotia und endet inmitten der Confederation Bridge an der Grenze zu Prince Edward Island.

Streckenverlauf
Ca. 2 km bevor die Route 2 an der Grenze zu Nova Scotia endet, zweigt von dieser die Route 16 in nördlicher Richtung ab. Diese führt parallel zur Provinzgrenze durch mehrere kleinere Orte. Bei Baie Verte gelangt die Route an die Atlantikküste an der gleichnamigen Bucht. Die Route führt jetzt entlang der Küste, in Port Elgin zweigt in westlicher Richtung Route 15 nach Moncton ab. Bei Bayfield führt der Highway durch die Cape Jouriman National Wildlife Area, die der Confederation Bridge vorgelagert ist. Der Highway führt nun auf die mautpflichtige Brücke, die mit einer Länge von knapp 13 km über die Northumberlandstraße führt. Die Route endet an der Provinzgrenze und wird als Prince Edward Island Route 1 weitergeführt.

Weblinks

 Website zum Trans-Canada-Highway

Einzelnachweise

Straße in New Brunswick
New Brunswick Route 016
Trans-Canada Highway

New Brunswick Route 16


Iiro Pakarinen (25 de agosto de 1991) é um jogador de hóquei no gelo finlandês. Atualmente joga pelo Jokerit da Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Como um atacante versátil e habilidoso, Pakarinen foi selecionado em 184º no Draft de 2011 da National Hockey League pelo Florida Panthers. Nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022 em Pequim, conquistou a medalha de ouro no torneio masculino.

Jogadores de hóquei no gelo olímpicos da Finlândia
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022
Jogadores de hóquei no gelo nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022
Campeões olímpicos da Finlândia

Iiro Pakarinen


يو إس إٍس ستارك  فرقاطة أمريكية يبلغ طولها 138 متر وحجم إزاحتها 4,100 طن وهي مسلحة بصواريخ هاربون سطح-سطح ضد السفن وانابيب طوربيد ومدفع رئيسي عيار 76 مم ويتكون طاقمها من 230 فرد.

ضربت الفرقاطة خلال الحرب العراقية الإيرانية بصاروخين بالخطأ من طائرة ميراج إف1 عراقية في الخليج العربي وقتل من طاقمها 37 فرداً وجرح 21.بالإضافة إلى ان هيئة الاركان الأمريكية طالبت من القوات الجوية العراقية مقابلة مع الطيار ليبين كيف استطاع توجيه ضربة مدمرة إلى الفرقاط المدرعة لكن الحكومة العراقية رفضت انذاك واكتفت بتعويض 250مليون دولار

إصلحت السفينة في أمريكيا وبقيت في خدمة القوات البحرية الأمريكية حتى عام 2006 حيث خرجت من الخدمة.

مراجع

العلاقات العراقية الأمريكية
القوات البحرية الأمريكية في القرن 20
حوادث قتال
سفن 1980
سفن حربية أمريكية
فرقاطات
سفن بنيت في سياتل

فرقاطة يو إس إس ستارك


خلوة محفوظ هي إحدى القرى بمركز طهطا في محافظة سوهاج بجمهورية مصر العربية.

مراجع

قرى طهطا

خلوة محفوظ


Oh So Sharp (1982–2001) est une jument de course pur-sang anglais, née en Irlande. Propriété de son éleveur le  Cheikh Mohammed Al Maktoum, entraînée en Angleterre Henry Cecil, elle est la dernière pouliche à avoir remporté la Triple Couronne britannique.

Carrière de courses
Oh So Sharp commence sa carrière en août 1984 par une victoire aisée sur le petit hippodrome de Nottingham, puis grimpe les échelons pas à pas, d'abord en confirmant avec brio son succès inaugural, et face aux mâles qui plus est, quelques semaines plus tard dans une Listed Race, les Solario Stakes. Puis en réussissant ses premiers pas au niveau des groupes, face aux seules pouliches cette fois, dans le Fillies' Mile à Ascot, alors labellisé groupe 3, sous la selle de Lester Piggott. Elle y devance Helen Street, future lauréate des Irish Oaks. Ce sans-faute lui permet de figurer tout en haut des classements européens, mais elle est devancée par une pouliche française, une certaine Triptych, lauréate du Prix Marcel Boussac et promise à une illustre carrière.

De retour à l'âge classique, Oh So Sharp fait sa rentrée dans les Nell Gwynn, un groupe 3 préparatoire aux Guinées, montée pour la première fois par Steve Cauthen, Lester Piggott ayant cessé sa collaboration avec Henry Cecil. Elle s'y impose facilement, confirmant son statut de favorite des classiques. Dans les 1000 Guinées, elle doit s'employer pour régler à la lutte et à la photo Al Bahathri et Bella Colora, deux pouliches qui ne tarderont pas à étoffer leur palmarès, la première remportant les 1000 Guinées Irlandaises et les Coronation Stakes, la seconde le Prix de l'Opéra à l'automne. où elle s'annonce en prétendante sérieuse. Triptych, qui est de la partie, se manque et termine septième avant d'aller faire l'histoire en dominant les mâles dans les 2000 Guinées. Oh So Sharp, elle, offre un premier classique britannique à l'écurie du Cheikh Mohammed, et elle en profite pour s'approprier le record de la course, détenu depuis 35 ans par Camaree. Grande favorite des Oaks d'Epsom, elle réussit brillamment son allongement en distance en écrasant un lot d'où émerge Triptych à la deuxième place. Six longueurs sanctionnent sa supériorité, trois jours après le triomphe du duo Cecil/Cauthen dans le Derby avec Slip Anchor. Cette performance est très appréciée par les handicapeurs de Timeform, qui font d'elle la quatrième meilleure lauréate des Oaks après Petite Etoile, Noblesse, et Dunfermline.

invaincue en six courses, Oh So Sharp doit maintenant affronter les mâles et les chevaux d'âge. Ce sera dans les King George & Queen Elizabeth Stakes fin juillet. Elle s'y présente en favorite face à Rainbow Quest, l'Australien Strawberry Road, ou encore le vainqueur de l'Irish Derby Law Society. Mais c'est un troisième larron qui s'impose, Petoski, une encolure devant Oh So Sharp et Rainbow Quest. Henry Cecil décide de raccourcir sa pouliche et de tenter la Benson & Hedges Gold Cup sur 2000 mètres. Elle y subit sa deuxième défaite consécutive, la dernière aussi, Lester Piggott en selle sur Commanche Run ayant réussi un joli tour tactique, endormant le peloton avec un faux rythme pour s'imposer devant Oh So Sharp et Triptych de trois-quart de longueur.

Pour sa dernière apparition en piste, Henry Cecil décide de tenter un défi compliqué : rallonger Oh So Sharp pour conquérir les 2 800 mètres du St. Leger, et ainsi boucler la Triple Couronne des pouliches (1000 Guinées, Oaks, St. Leger), un exploit qui n'a plus été réalisé depuis Meld en 1955. Le lot n'est pas exceptionnel et Oh So Sharp s'acquitte parfaitement de sa tâche, malgré une enquête des commissaires sur une éventuelle gêne à l'arrivée. Voilà donc Oh So Sharp qui succède à Formosa, Hannah, Apology, La Flèche, les grandes Sceptre et Pretty Polly, Sun Chariot et Meld au palmarès de la Triple Couronne. Elle demeure, à ce jour, la dernière de cette liste, et se voit naturellement consacrée meilleure 3 ans de l'année 1985 en Europe.

Résumé de carrière

Au haras
Installée à Dalham Hall Stud, le haras de Cheikh Mohammed, Oh So Sharp a bien réussi dans sa seconde carrière de poulinière. Parmi ses neuf produits, on lui doit :

 Rosefinch (par Blushing Groom) : Prix Saint-Alary
 Shaima (Shareef Dancer) : Long Island Handicap (Gr.2). Mère de :
 Shantou (Alleged) : St. Leger, Grand Prix de Milan, Grand Prix du Jockey Club, Princess of Wales's Stakes (Gr.2).
 Savoir Vivre (Sadler's Wells) : 2ème Geoffrey Freer Stakes (Gr.2), étalon à succès en Australie.
 Sacho (Sadler's Wells) : 2ème John Porter Stakes (Gr.3).

Souffrant de fourbure, Oh So Sharp doit être euthanasiée en 2001, à 19 ans. Un groupe 3 britannique, les Oh So Sharp Stakes, lui rend hommage chaque année à Newmarket.

Origines
Oh So Sharp est issue de la première génération des produits du grand miler et excellent étalon Kris, lauréat des St. James's Palace Stakes, des Sussex Stakes et des Queen Elizabeth II Stakes, et tête de liste des étalons en Angleterre et en Irlande en 1985. Sa mère, Oh So Fair, est une jument américaine importée en Irlande en 1969. Un bon achat, puisqu'elle s'est avérée une formidable reproductrice, à qui l'on doit, outre Oh So Sharp :

 Roussalka (par Habitat) : Nassau Stakes (Gr.2, x2), Coronation Stakes (Gr.2), Cherry Hinton Stakes (Gr.3).
 Our Home (par Habitat) : 2ème 1000 Guinées, Child Stakes (Gr.3). 3ème Coronation Stakes (Gr.2), Cherry Hinton Stakes (Gr.3), Musidora Stakes (Gr.3).
 Etienne Gerard (par Brigadier Gerard) : Jersey Stakes (Gr.3).

Oh So Sharp ressort de l'une des plus fameuses familles (la 9-c) et de l'une des plus brillantes lignées maternelles de l'histoire du stud, celle de la grande Mumtaz Mahal, championne et poulinière hors normes. Cette fille de l'invaincu The Tetrarch (qui passe parfois pour le meilleur 2 ans anglais du siècle), appartenant à l'Aga Khan III, fut une sprinteuse de grand talent (lauréate entre autres des Champagne Stakes, des King George Stakes et des Nunthorpe Stakes) et surtout une reproductrice fondatrice, mère du sprinter Mirza II et aïeule, au fil des générations, de l'incontournable étalon Nasrullah, des champions tels que Abernant, Royal Charger, Migoli, Petite Étoile (dont la lignée s'étend jusqu'à Zarkava), Octagonal, Habibti, Risen Star, Shergar, Golden Horn, Cracksman, ou encore Alpinista.

Pedigree

Références

Cheval de course
Cheval de course né en 1982
Animal né en Irlande
Animal né en 1982
Animal mort en 2001
Cheval mort de fourbure
Vainqueur de la Triple Couronne anglaise
Poulinière pur-sang anglais
Famille 9-c

Oh So Sharp


Robert Hodes, plus connu sous le nom de Rob Hodes, né le  à Montréal au Canada, est le Directeur général de Cost Containment Group. Il est également un gentleman driver participant à des épreuves d'endurance au volant de voitures de Sport-prototype dans des championnats tels que le WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, l'IMSA Prototype Challenge, l'European Le Mans Series, l'Asian Le Mans Series et la Michelin Le Mans Cup.

Carrière

Palmarès

Résultats aux 24 Heures de Daytona

Résultats en WeatherTech SportsCar Championship

Résultats en European Le Mans Series

* Saison en cours.

Résultats en Asian Le Mans Series

Résultats en Michelin Le Mans Cup

* Saison en cours.

Notes et références

Liens externes

  Rob Hodes sur driverdb.com
  Rob Hodes sur Racing Sportscars

Naissance en janvier 1961
Pilote automobile américain
Pilote du Championnat unifié des voitures de sport
Pilote du Championnat du monde d'endurance
Pilote des European Le Mans Series
Pilote des Asian Le Mans Series
Pilote des Michelin Le Mans Cup
Pilote des 24 Heures de Daytona

Rob Hodes


Hawaiian-eyjaklasinn er eyjaklasi 8 aðaleyja auk minni eyja og skerja í bandaríska ríkinu Hawaii. Þær spanna 2400 kílómetra og þekja 16.636 km2. Eyjarnar voru þekktar sem Sandwich-eyjar af Evrópumönnum, nafn sem James Cook landkönnuður gaf þeim. Eyjarnar eru eldvirkar og eru þar stærstu neðansjávareldfjöll sem fyrirfinnast.

Eyjar
Hawaiʻi	(10,432.5 km2)
Maui (1,883.4 km2)
Oʻahu (1,545.4 km2)
Kauaʻi (1,430.5 km2)
Molokaʻi (673.4 km2)
Lānaʻi (363.9 km2)
Niʻihau (180.0 km2)
Kahoʻolawe (115.5 km2)

 Hawaii
Bandarískar eyjar

Hawaii-eyjaklasinn


Ɨ̱̀ (minuscule : ɨ̱̀), appelé I barré macron souscrit accent grave, est un graphème utilisé dans l'écriture du maijiki au Pérou. Il s'agit de la lettre Ɨ diacritée d'un macron souscrit et d'un accent grave.

Utilisation

Représentations informatiques
Le I barré macron souscrit accent grave peut être représenté avec les caractères Unicode suivants :
 décomposé (latin étendu B, alphabet phonétique international, diacritiques) :

Notes et références

Voir aussi
 I (lettre)
 Barre inscrite
 Macron souscrit
 Accent grave
 Alphabet latin

Lettre I diacritée
Lettre latine comportant un macron souscrit
Lettre latine comportant un accent grave
Lettre latine comportant une barre inscrite

Ɨ̱̀


Ulven ist der Name folgender Personen:
 Marie Ulven, Künstlername Girl in Red, norwegische Sängerin
 Tor Ulven (1953–1995), norwegischer Schriftsteller

ein Ort in Norwegen:
 Ulven (Vestland)

der Name eines Schiffes:
 Ulven (U-Boot), U-Boot der schwedischen Marine

Ulven