Hringborð Norðurslóða (enska: Arctic Circle) er hópur sem stofnaður var af Ólafi Ragnari Grímssyni, fyrrum forseta Íslands, ásamt Alice Rogoff, fyrrum eiganda fjölmiðilsins Alaska Dispatch, Kuupik Kleist, fyrrum forsætisráðherra Grænlands, og fleiri aðilum. Tilgangur samtakanna er að vera umræðuvettvangur milli stjórnmála- og viðskiptaleiðtoga, umhverfissérfræðinga, vísindamanna, fulltrúa frumbyggja og annarra alþjóðlegra hagsmunaaðila um vandamál sem steðja að Norðurslóðum vegna loftslagsbreytinga og bráðnunar hafíss. Hringborð Norðurslóða skilgreinir sig sem alþjóðasamtök með höfuðstöðvar í Reykjavík á Íslandi.

Söguágrip
Í kynningarávarpi sínu um Hringborð Norðurslóða þann 15. apríl 2013 í Washington, D.C. lét Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson þau orð falla að "Norðurslóðir [hefðu] beðið tjón vegna skorts á alþjóðlegri vitund og, af þeim sökum, skorts á skilvirkri stjórnun. Forðum [hefði] svæðið ekki skipt stefnumótendur heimsins máli og [hefði] að mestu fallið í gleymsku. Nú þegar magn hafíss [væri] hið lægsta í ritaðri sögu [væri] heimurinn að vakna fyrir áskorununum og tækifærunum sem Norðurslóðir [hefðu] upp á að bjóða bæði íbúum sínum og þeim sem búa á syðri slóðum."

Þátttakendur á ráðstefnum Hringborðs Norðurslóða frá stofnun þess í október 2013 hafa meðal annars verið fulltrúar ríkisstjórna, pólitískir stefnumótarar og áhrifavaldar, vísindamenn og sérfræðingar, aðgerðasinnar og leiðtogar frumbyggjaþjóða í ríkjum á Norðurslóðum. Meðal umræðuefna hafa verið bráðnun hafíss og veðuröfgar, öryggismál á Norðurslóðum, réttindi frumbyggja, siglinga- og flutningainnviðir, auðlindir á Norðurslóðum og ferðamannaiðnaðurinn.

Markmið
Yfirlýst markmið Hringborðs Norðurslóða er að "stuðla að umræðu og byggja sambönd til að takast á við örar breytingar á Norðurslóðum" og "styrkja ákvarðanatökuferli með því að leiða saman eins marga alþjóðlega samstarfsaðila og hægt er til að þeir geti átt samskipti í einu stóru 'opnu tjaldi'." Samtökin voru stofnuð til að bregðast við áskorunum á Norðurslóðum af völdum loftslagsbreytinga og bráðnunar hafíss, þar á meðal leit og vinnsla olíu og jarðgass, umhverfismálefni, þjóðaröryggi, málefni frumbyggja og aukinn alþjóðlegan áhuga á svæðinu. Samtökin telja að með opnun nýrra siglingaleiða séu Norðurslóðir að "færast fremst á sviðið og spila mikilvægt hlutverk í málefnum á borð við alþjóðavæðingu, efnahagsþróun, orkurannsóknir, umhverfisvernd og alþjóðlegt öryggi."

Ráðstefnur og málþing
Hringborð Norðurslóða hélt fyrstu samkomu sína dagana 12. til 14. október árið 2013 í Hörpu í Reykjavík. Samtökin hafa haldið ráðstefnu í október á hverju ári síðan þá. Viðburðinum er lýst sem "nýjum vettvangi fyrir stofnanir, samtök, samkundur, hugveitur, fyrirtæki og félagasamtök til að ná til alþjóðlegs áhorfendahóps á skilvirkan hátt."

Samkvæmt heimasíðu samtakanna heldur Hringborð Norðurslóða smærri viðburði víðs vegar um heiminn "svo þátttakendur geti kynnt sér áskoranir, þarfir og tækifæri sem þetta einstaka umhverfi hefur upp á að bjóða." Málþing Hringborðs Norðurslóða hafa verið haldin í Alaska, Singapúr,  á Grænlandi, í Québecborg og Washington, D.C.. Samtökin stuðla jafnframt að smærri fundum milli stofnana og einstaklinga til að ræða málefni Norðurslóða.

Meðal fólks sem hefur sótt ráðstefnur Hringborðs Norðurslóða eru Ban Ki-moon, Nicola Sturgeon, Aleqa Hammond, Lisa Murkowski, Philippe Couillard og François Hollande, sem flutti framsöguræðu á ráðstefnu samtakanna árið 2015 sem forseti Frakklands. Í ræðunni lagði Hollande áherslu á Norðurslóðir sem vettvang alþjóðlegra loftslagsaðgerða. Hollande benti á Norðurslóðir sem fremstu víglínu í baráttu gegn hnattrænni hlýnun af mannavöldum en sagðist bjartsýnn yfir möguleikanum á að samkomulag myndi nást milli alþjóðaleiðtoga um samdrátt í losun gróðurhúsalofttegunda á loftslagsráðstefnu Sameinuðu þjóðanna 2015 sem þá var væntanleg.

Angela Merkel, Hillary Clinton, Philip Hammond, Al Gore og José Ángel Gurría hafa ávarpað ráðstefnur Hringborðs Norðurslóða með myndbandsskilaboðum. Ghislaine Maxwell hefur tvisvar flutt erindi á ráðstefnum samtakanna.

Arctic Circle-verðlaunin
Arctic Circle-verðlaunin voru veitt í fyrsta sinn á ráðstefnu Hringborðs Norðurslóða árið 2016. Fyrsti verðlaunahafinn var Ban Ki-moon, þáverandi aðalritari Sameinuðu þjóðanna. Við verðlaunaafhendinguna sagði Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson að með verðlaununum væri verið að heiðra forystu Bans í alþjóðlegum loftslagsviðræðum, sem Ólafur Ragnar lýsti sem "ótrúlegri stjórnvisku, hugrekki og framtíðarsýn" þrátt fyrir þá miklu andstöðu sem loftslagmálin hafi mætt þegar hann tók við framkvæmdastjórastöðu SÞ á sínum tíma.

Verðlaunin eiga að heiðra "einstaklinga, stofnanir eða samtök sem hafa unnið mikilvæga vinnu í þágu framtíðar Norðurslóða." Sú ákvörðun að veita Ban fyrstu verðlaunin var tekin með vísan til hlutverks hans við að stýra viðræðum í aðdraganda loftslagsráðstefnu Sameinuðu þjóðanna í París árið 2015.

Við viðtöku verðlaunanna viðurkenndi Ban eigið framtak í loftslagsumræðum en lagði áherslu á mikilvæg framlög ríkisstjórnar- og þjóðfélagsleiðtoga sem hann sagði að ættu skilið að deila verðlaununum með honum. Ban tók við verðlaununum í þágu "tugþúsunda ötulla leiðtoga" í "viðskiptum, borgaralegu samfélagi og óháðum félagasamtökum" sem hefðu unnið með Sameinuðu þjóðunum í loftslagsmálum. Hann hvatti þátttakendur á ráðstefnunni til að tryggja að frumbyggjaþjóðir, réttindi þeirra og menningarframlög þeirra yrðu áfram í miðpunkti þegar tekist væri á við sameiginlegar áskoranir.

Tilvísanir

Norðurslóðir
Ráðstefnur

Hringborð Norðurslóða


est un genre éteinte et fossile d'arthropodes de l'Ordovicien supérieure représenté par une seule espèce,  près de la rive orientale du lac Simcoe, dans l'Ontario (Canada, dans la région surnommée le « Paléo-Pompéi »).

Description
Tomlinsonus dimitrii est un arthropode à corps mou daté de . Il mesure  et n'a pas d'yeux. Le corps segmenté avait de nombreuses paires de membres : il marche sur des pattes « en forme d'échasses » et, sous la tête, deux membres très longs avec lesquels il devait se frayer un chemin.
Il dispose sur le dessus du corps de deux paires de cornes incurvées recouvertes d'épines évoquant des plumes.

Systématique
Le genre Tomlinsonus et l'espèce Tomlinsonus dimitrii ont été décrits en 2022 par , ,  et .

Étymologie
Le nom générique, Tomlinsonus, fait référence au groupe Tomlinson, la société canadienne qui possédait le terrain sur lequel l'holotype fossile de Tomlinsonus dimitrii a été découvert.

L'épithète spécifique, dimitrii, a été donnée en l'honneur de Dimitri G. Kampouris qui a émigré d'Égypte en Ontario en qualité de mineur et dont le soutien et les encouragements ont été nécessaires pour l'étude du lagerstätte de Brechin (comté de Simcoe dans l'Ontario).

Publication originale

Voir aussi
 Marrellomorpha
 Furca
 Mimetaster
 Marella splendens

Liens externes

Notes et références

Espèce d'arthropodes préhistoriques (nom scientifique)
Arthropode du Dévonien
Paléontologie au Canada
Taxon fossile décrit en 2022

Tomlinsonus


Kandilli, Aşkale - Erzurum ili Aşkale ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kandilli, Saimbeyli - Adana ili Saimbeyli ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kandilli, Bozüyük - Bilecik ili Bozüyük ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kandilli, Tuzluca - Iğdır ili Tuzluca ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kandilli, Üsküdar - İstanbul ili Üsküdar ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kandilli, Karadeniz Ereğli - Zonguldak ili Karadeniz Ereğli ilçesine bağlı belde
 Kandilli / Bahçehisar Höyüğü - Bilecik il merkezinin güney-güneydoğusunda yer alan bir höyük
 Kandilli Kayak Merkezi - Erzurum iline bağlı Aşkale ilçesinde bulunan bir kayak merkezi
 Kandilli Burnu - Üsküdar'ın, Kandilli semtinde karanın İstanbul Boğazı'na yaptığı çıkıntı

Kurum
 Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü - Boğaziçi Üniversitesine bağlı olarak faaliyet gösteren eğitim kurumu
 Kandilli Deprem Müzesi - İstanbul'da Kandilli Rasathanesi içinde 2006 yılından beri hizmet veren müze

Kandilli


Alphée Maziéras, né le  à Évaux-les-Bains et mort pour la France le  à Badonviller, est un militaire et résistant français, Compagnon de la Libération. Officier Saint-Cyrien en poste en Afrique au début de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il décide de se rallier à la France libre et combat au Gabon et en France où il est tué lors de la bataille des Vosges.

Biographie

Jeunesse et engagement

Alphée Maziéras naît le 24 août 1912 à Évaux-les-Bains, dans la Creuse, d'un père receveur des contributions directes. Au gré des affectations de son père, Alphée effectue sa scolarité élémentaire à Évaux-les-Bains et à La Souterraine dans la Creuse puis à La Coquille en Dordogne. Il étudie ensuite au lycée de Périgueux où son père a été muté puis part à Bordeaux pour y effectuer une classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles. En 1933, il entre à l'école spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr dans la promotion Albert . En 1935, il termine sa formation à Saint-Cyr et est affecté sur la ligne Maginot pendant un an avant d'être muté au Cameroun en décembre 1936. En afrique, entre autres fonctions, il est commandant de la subdivision de Guider en pays Kirdi.

Seconde Guerre mondiale

Toujours en Afrique au début de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Alphée Maziéras, alors lieutenant, fait partie d'un détachement destiné à partir en renfort en métropole. Cependant, la signature de l'armistice du 22 juin 1940 empêche le départ et le consigne à Douala. Désireux de poursuivre la lutte contre l'Allemagne, il décide de se rallier au général de Gaulle et fait partie des hommes qui accueillent le colonel Leclerc à Douala en août 1940. Après avoir contribué activement au ralliement du Cameroun à la France libre, il participe à la campagne du Gabon à l'issue de laquelle il reçoit une citation à l'ordre des forces françaises libres pour avoir fait de nombreux prisonniers.

Alphée Maziéras prend ensuite part à la guerre du désert en Libye à partir de février 1942. Commandant un peloton lors de la campagne du Fezzan, il reçoit une citation à l'ordre de l'armée après avoir sauvé un camarade blessé en le récupérant à peine  devant trois mitrailleuses ennemies. Peu de temps après, alors qu'il se trouve à Faya-Largeau, au Tchad, il est grièvement blessé dans un accident de moto et doit être hospitalisé pendant plusieurs mois en Afrique du Sud. Une fois rétabli, il est affecté à l'état-major de Rabat puis est muté à la  division blindée au sein de laquelle il intègre le régiment de marche du Tchad (RMT). Il rejoint son nouveau régiment en octobre 1944 à Rambervillers, dans les Vosges, et prend le commandement de la  compagnie.

En pleine bataille des Vosges, le RMT installe son poste de commandement au hameau des carrières à Badonviller, devant le village de Bréménil. Le 18 novembre 1944, alors que Maziéras et son supérieur sont en réunion, un tir d'artillerie allemande dévaste le PC, tuant les deux hommes. Alphée Maziéras est inhumé à la nécropole nationale de Colmar.

Décorations

Hommages

 À Périgueux, une rue a été baptisée en son honneur.
 À Vaunac, son nom est inscrit sur le monuments aux Morts de la commune.
 À Compiègne, dans les anciens locaux de l'école d'état-major, son nom figure sur une plaque commémorant les anciens élèves.
 À Paris, son nom est inscrit sur le monument de la  DB, Place du 25-Août-1944.

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

Articles connexes

 Ordre de la Libération
 Libération de la France

Liens externes

Élève de l'École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
Résistant français
Officier des Forces françaises libres (terrestres)
Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
Compagnon de la Libération
Titulaire de la croix de guerre 1939-1945
Titulaire de la médaille de la Résistance française
Titulaire de la médaille coloniale
Naissance en août 1912
Naissance dans la Creuse
Décès en novembre 1944
Décès en Meurthe-et-Moselle
Décès à 31 ans
Mort pour la France

Alphée Maziéras


نادي أوريكس دوالا لكرة القدم  نادي كرة قدم كاميروني دخل التاريخ كونة أول نادي يحرز دوري أبطال أفريقيا في أول بطولة عام 1964 ولكنها البطولة الأفريقية الوحيدة في سجل هذا النادي بل واختفي تماماً من الأدوار المتقدمة للبطولات الأفريقية.

مراجع

الرياضة في دوالا
أندية رياضية في الكاميرون
أندية كرة قدم في الكاميرون
فرق رياضية في الكاميرون

أوريكس دوالا


Alvimia, rod bambusovaca iz podtribusa Arthrostylidiinae. Postoje 3 vrste iz sjeveroistočnog Brazila; endemi iz držve Bahia

Rod je opisan 1988.; tipčna vrsta je A. auriculata

Vrste
 Alvimia auriculata Soderstr. & Londoño
 Alvimia gracilis Soderstr. & Londoño
 Alvimia lancifolia Soderstr. & Londoño

Izvori

Bambuseae

Alvimia


La  est l'une des trois circonscriptions législatives que compte la préfecture d'Ōita au Japon. Cette circonscription comptait  électeurs en date du .

Description géographique

La troisième circonscription de la préfecture d'Ōita regroupe les villes de Beppu, Nakatsu, Bungotakada, Kitsuki, Usa et Kunisaki ainsi que les districts de Higashikunisaki et Hayami.

Députés

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Chambre des représentants du Japon

Circonscription législative au Japon

Troisième circonscription de la préfecture d'Ōita


William James Pearse (; 15 November 1881 – 4 May 1916) was an Irish republican executed for his part in the Easter Rising. He was a younger brother of Patrick Pearse, a leader of the rising.

Background
Willie Pearse was born in Dublin and throughout his life lived in the shadow of his brother to whom he was devoted and with whom he formed a particularly close relationship.

Pearse inherited his father's artistic abilities and became a sculptor. He was educated at the Christian Brothers School, Westland Row. He studied at the Metropolitan School of Art in Dublin under Oliver Sheppard. He also studied art in Paris. While attending the Kensington School of Art in London he gained notice for several of his artworks. Some of his sculptures are to be found in Limerick Cathedral, the Cathedral of St. Eunan and St Columba, Letterkenny and several Dublin churches. He was trained to take over his father's stonemason business, but gave it up to help run St. Enda's School which Patrick had founded in 1908. He was involved in the arts and theatre at St. Enda's, and aided the overall running of the school.

Easter Rising
Pearse followed his brother into the Irish Volunteers and the Republican movement. He took part in the Easter Rising in 1916, always staying by his brother's side at the General Post Office. Following the surrender he was court-martialled and sentenced to death. It has been said that as he was only a minor player in the struggle it was his surname that condemned him. However, at his court martial he emphasised his involvement.

On 3 May, Pearse was granted permission to visit his brother in Kilmainham Gaol, to see him for the final time. However, while Willie was en route, Patrick was executed first. Willie was executed on 4 May. He and his brother were the only two brothers to be executed after the Easter Rising.

Commemoration

There are many more public commemorations of Patrick Pearse than of Willie. In 1966, Dublin's Westland Row railway station was renamed Pearse Station to honour both Willie and Patrick. Pearse Square and Pearse Street, in Dublin, were renamed in honour of both, Pearse Street (then Great Brunswick Street) having been their birthplace. Many streets and roads in Ireland bear the name Pearse; few name Willie, but there is a Pearse Brothers Park in Rathfarnham. The bridge over the Dodder river on the Rathfarnham Road, between Terenure and Rathfarnham is named after them and carries a plaque depicting the brothers in profile.

Brothers Pearse Athletic Club, founded in Rathfarnham, is named after the two brothers.

Willie Pearse Park in Crumlin, opened in 1949, is named after him.

A number of Gaelic Athletic Association clubs and playing fields are named after both Pearses, and at least one after Willie:
 Armagh: Annaghmore Pearses GAC; Pearse Óg GAC and its grounds, Pearse Óg Park, Armagh
 Cork: CLG Na Piarsaigh, Cork
 Dublin: Willie Pearse Park, the grounds of Crumlin GAA
 Kerry: Dromid Pearses GAC; Kilflynn Pearses HC (defunct)
 Limerick: CLG Na Piarsaigh, Limerick
 Louth: CPG Na Piarsaigh, Dundalk
 Monaghan: Ballybay Pearse Brothers, and its grounds, Pearse Park
 Tyrone: Dregish Pearse Og GAC; Fintona Pearses GAC; and Galbally Pearses GAC
 Wicklow: Pearses' Park, Arklow
 London: Brother Pearse's GAC, London
 Yorkshire: Brothers Pearse GAC, Huddersfield

References

 Ní Ghairbhí, Róisín, Willie Pearse, Dublin: O'Brien Press, 2015.

1881 births
1916 deaths
Artists from County Dublin
Executed participants in the Easter Rising
Irish revolutionaries
Willie
Irish people of English descent
Executed people from County Dublin

Willie Pearse


El muerto falta a la cita es una película argentina del género de suspenso filmada en blanco y negro dirigida por Pierre Chenal con su propio argumento y guion de Miguel Mileo, Carlos A. Olivari y Sixto Pondal Ríos que se estrenó el 7 de diciembre de 1944 y tuvo como protagonistas a Ángel Magaña, Nélida Bilbao, Sebastián Chiola y Guillermo Battaglia. Como camarógrafo estuvo el futuro director de fotografía Humberto Peruzzi.

Sinopsis
La película es de suspenso pero no carece de humor y trata acerca de un joven que es extorsionado a raíz de un accidente en el que parece haber matado a un ciclista mientras conducía borracho.

Críticas
Pierre Chenal ideó el argumento de la película y Asociados encargó el guion a dos autores, Sixto Pondal Ríos y Nicolás Olivari, que colaboraban en los periódicos Crítica y Noticias Gráficas y habían hecho ya obras teatrales y guiones cinematográficos alcanzando un renombre equivalente al de la dupla Manzi-Petit de Murat (este último publicaría muchos años después un ensayo titulado, justamente, Sixto Pondal Ríos). Los diálogos los realizó Miguel Mileo. La musicalización corrió a cargo de Lucio Demare, quien eligió entre otros temas la pieza Pobre mariposa de Lionel Hampton que en ese momento estaba de moda y que el director vinculó con destreza a la película en una toma en la que se ve una mariposa estrellada contra el radiador de un automóvil.

El crítico Raimundo Calcagno (Calki) dijo de la película que "manejando la sorpresa, el misterio y el suspenso -como en Suspicion (Sospecha/La sospecha) de Hitchcock, pero con mayor ameneidad- Chenal mueve los hilos del argumento con consumada maestría. Su realización, superando al tema, es impecable" y Domingo Di Núbila sintetizó "La mejor comedia policial del cine argentino hasta entonces".

Cabe agregar como curiosidad que años después Juan Antonio Bardem, que conocía a El muerto falta a la cita por intermedio de Chenal, dirigiría la película La muerte de un ciclista con un argumento similar.

Reparto
 Ángel Magaña	... 	Daniel Rivero
 Nélida Bilbao	... 	Elena
 Sebastián Chiola	... 	Guido Franchi
 Guillermo Battaglia	... 	Doctor Emilio Quiroga
 Maruja Gil Quesada	... 	Matilde
 Oscar Villa	... 	Gordo
 Tilda Thamar	... 	Nora
 Roberto García Ramos	... 	Raúl Estévez
 Alberto Terrones	... 	Comisario
 René Mugica	... 	Agente
 Lea Briand
 José Comellas
 Marcial Manent
 José A. Vázquez

Referencias

Notas

Enlaces externos

 Información sobre El muerto falta a la cita en el sitio de cine nacional

Películas en blanco y negro de Argentina

El muerto falta a la cita


Highlands Hammock State Park est un parc d'État de Floride de 3640 hectares situé à l'ouest de Sebring dans le comté de Highlands, en Floride. Le parc a ouvert ses portes en 1931, quatre ans avant la création du système de parcs d'État de Floride. Il a été inscrit au registre national des lieux historiques en 2018.

Écologie

Flore
Des promenades en planches surélevées serpentent à travers un ancien marais de cyprès chauves avec des palmiers à choux, des fougères, des broméliacées, des orchidées et d'autres épiphytes. On pense que certains arbres ont plus de mille ans, et l'un est peut-être le plus grand chêne de Floride, avec une circonférence de plus de 11 mètres.

Faune
Le cerf de Virginie, les alligators américains, les tortues gophère, les grenouilles, les loutres, les araignées à soie dorée, les grands pics, les buses à épaulettes, les chouettes rayées et les geais des broussailles de Floride sont communs dans le parc. Des ours noirs de Floride, des pygargues à tête blanche, des ibis blancs, des écureuils gris, des lynx roux et la rare panthère de Floride sont parfois observés.

Histoire
Les citoyens locaux, préoccupés par les projets de transformation du hammock en terres agricoles, ont acquis la propriété en 1931 et l'ont promu en tant que candidat au statut de parc national, un des premiers exemples de soutien public populaire à la préservation de l'environnement. L'un des principaux moteurs de cet effort était Mme Margaret Roebling, belle-fille de Washington Augustus Roebling.

Bien qu'il n'ait jamais atteint le statut de parc national, il est devenu l'un des quatre premiers parcs d'État de Floride lorsque le système de parcs d'État a été créé en 1935. Le Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), créé pendant la Grande Dépression, a construit un camp à Highlands Hammock comme quartier général, et a développé des installations de parc supplémentaires et les débuts d'un jardin botanique.

Musée du Civilian Conservation Corps de Floride
Le parc abrite le Florida Civilian Conservation Corps Museum avec des expositions interactives sur la période de construction du parc des années 1930-1940 et sur l'histoire du CCC en Floride et aux États-Unis. Le musée est situé dans un bâtiment construit par le CCC.

Activités récréatives
Le parc comprend une pittoresque boucle de 5 km qui donne accès aux neuf sentiers du parc et peut être utilisée pour le roller. Un sentier de 18 km peut être parcouru par les cyclistes, les cavaliers ou les observateurs de la faune. L'observation des oiseaux peut également être pratiquée, puisque le parc fait partie du Great Florida Birding Trail. Des visites guidées par des gardes forestiers sont fréquemment programmées.

Il y a un terrain de camping, une aire de pique-nique, ainsi qu'un restaurant, appelé "Le Hammock Inn". Pendant la saison d'automne et d'hiver, les Amis de Highlands Hammock parrainent une série de concerts Music in the Park le troisième samedi du mois.

Galerie

Liens externes

 Parc d'État Highlands Hammock dans les parcs d'État de Floride
 Carte du parc d'état de Highlands Hammock au département de la protection de l'environnement de Floride
 Photos du parc d'état de Highlands Hammock à la chambre de commerce de Greater Lake Placid en Floride
 Histoire du parc d'État Highlands Hammock
 "La dédicace du musée vénère les écologistes du passé", 1er novembre 2003

Highlands Hammock
Highlands Hammock
Highlands Hammock

Parc d'État Highlands Hammock


4 වන පරම්පරවේ අයිපෑඩ් යනු ඇපල් සමාගම මගින් නිපදවා  වෙලද්පොලට නිකුත් කල tablet පරිගණකයකි.(මෙය Retina සංදර්ශකය සමග වෙලදාම් කරන අතර අයිපෑඩ් 4 ලෙස ව්‍යවහාර කරයර්.  )මීට පෙර නිකුත් කල පරම්පරා සමග සංසන්දනය කල විට 4 වන පරම්පරාවේ ipadය Retina සංදර්ශකය පවත්වා ගෙන ඇති නමුත් නවතම අංග සහ කොටස් වැඩි දියුණු කර ඇත.2012 සැප්තැම්බර් 12 වන දින  හදුන්වා දුන් ඇපල් A6x චිපය සහ lightinig සම්බන්ධකය නවතම අංග වේ.මෙය ios6.0 සමග එන අතර iso6.0 audio visual මාධ‍යට platformයක් සාදන අතර මෙහි ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික් පොත්,පුවත්පත්,චිත්‍රපට ,සංගීතය, පරිගණක ක්‍රීඩා,presentation සහ වෙබ් අන්තර්ගතයන් ඇතුලත් කර ඇත.

2012 ඔක්තෝම්බර් 23 වන දින මාධය සාකච්චාවකදී පලමුව මේ ipadය පිලිබදව නිවේදනය කරන ලදී.මෙම ipadය 2012 නොවැම්බර් 2 වන දින රටවල් 35ක වෙලදපොලට නිකුත් කරන ලදී.මෙම උපාංගය දේසැම්බරය පුරවටම චීනය,ඉන්දියව,බ්‍රසීලය යන රටවල් සමග රටවල් 10කට නිකුත් කරන ලදී.4 වන පරම්පරවේ ipad පිලිබද නිවේදනය  කර පසු 3 වන පරම්පරවේ  නවත්වන ලදී.

මෙම උපාංගය කලු හෝ සුදු ඉදිරිපස පැනලයකින් සමන්විත වන අතර විවිධ පරිගනක සම්බන්ධන හැකියවක් සහ දත්ත ගබඩා පහසුකම් ඇත.ගබඩා විශලත්වය වන්නේ 16GB,32GB,64GB,128GB වේ. යොදා ගත හැකි සම්බන්ධත නම් wi fi පමනක් සහ wi fi සමග ජංගම දුරකතන පද්ධතිය හැකියව සමග.

මෙම ipadය දෘඩාංග වැඩි දියුනු කිරිමට තුනීවට සාදා ඇත.ඒ අයුරෙන් Retina සංදර්ශකය නිපදවා ඇත.4 වන පරම්පරාවේ  ipadය  CPUවට අදාල කාර්යන් පුර්ව පරම්පරාවන්ට වඩා දෙගුණයක් වේගයෙන් සිදුකරන බව අනාවරණය කර ඇත.වෙලදාමේ පලමු සතියේ  මිලියන 3ක 4 වන පරම්පරාවේ ipad සහ ipad Minis විකිණීම සිදු කර ඇත.

ඉතිහාසය
2012 ජුලි මස ඩිජිටයිම් පුවත්පතේ අනාවැකි වලට අනුව ඇපල් සමාගම අනුරැපික ප්‍රභව යොදාගෙන කුඩා ප්‍රමණයේ ipad සැදු බවත් එවා නිකුත් කිරිමට 2012 අග කාලය යොදගත් බවත් කියවේ.2012 ඔක්තෝම්බර් 16 දී ඇපල් සමාගම මගින් නිවේදනයක් පල කලේය.එනම් ඔවුන්ගේ මාධය අංගයක් ඔක්තෝම්බර් 23 වන දින Sanjose කැලිෆොනියා හිදි කැලිෆොනියා  රගහලේ පැවැත්වෙන බවයි.මෙම සමාගම,  මාධය අංගයේ මාතෘකාව කලින් හෙලි කල අතර විශාල පිරිසක් බලාපොරොත්තු වුයේ  මෙම අංගය ipad mini පිළිබද වන බවයි.මාධය අංගයට ටික කලකට පෙර උපාංගයේ dock සම්බන්ධකය හා ඉදිරිපස කැමරාවේ ඡායාරූප එලිදක්වන ලදී.

මාධය  අංගයේදී ඇපල් සමාගමේ ප්‍රධාන විධායක නිලධරී ටිම් කුක් විසින් නවතම අනුවාදය වන iBooks ,නව පරම්පරාවේ Mac Book Pro ,mac mini සහ iMac යන උපංග 4 වන පරම්පරාවේ ipad සහ ipad Mini උපංග වලට ප්‍රථමව විවෘත කලේය.අනාවරණය කරන අතරතුරේ දී ඇපල් සමාගම 4 වන පරම්පරාවේ ipad සබැදි හරහා තෝරගත් රටවල් වලට කලින් ඇනවුම් කිරීමට ඔක්තෝම්බර් 26 දින සිට අරඹන ලදී.නොවම්බර් 2 දින ඇපල් සමාගම විසින් උපංගයේ WiFi මොඩලය යුරෝපය ,නැගෙනහිර ආසියව හා ඇමරිකාව හරහා රටවල් 35කට නිකුත් කරන ලදී.උපංගයේ ආරම්භක නිකුත් කිරිමට සති කිහිපයකට පසු ජංගම දුරකතන මොඩලය නිකුත් කරන ලදී.

4 වන පරම්පරවේ ipad නිකුත් කර පසු පුර්ව පරම්පරා නිකුත් කිරිම නවතා දමන ලදී.මේ හේතුව නිසා විශාල පුර්ව පරම්පරාවේ පරිශිලකයන් මෙයට විරුද්ධ විය.මෙයට පිළිතුරක් වශයෙන් බාරදිමේ ප්‍රතිපත්තිය දින 14 සිට දින 30 දක්වා දීර්ඝ කරන ලද බව ItProportal සටහන් කර ඇත.මොඩල දෙකේම මිල සමාන බවත් 3 වන පරම්පරාවේ ipad මිල දී ගත් අයට මෙම කාල පරාසය තුල 4 වන පරම්පරාවේ ipad මාරු කළ හැකි බවත් ItProportal සටහන් කර ඇත.

අයිපෑඩ් (4වන පරම්පරාව)


Johann Bernard Theodor Altum (Münster, 31 de diciembre de 1824- Eberswalde, 1 de febrero de 1900) fue un sacerdote católico, zoólogo, y agrónomo forestal (dasonomía) alemán. Fue un importante ornitólogo y el primero en presentar una teoría sobre la noción del territorio de las aves en la que contaban mucho los trinos.

Bernard Altum estudió primero teología en su pueblo natal, más tarde filosofía que continúa en Berlín a partir de 1853. Pero su vocación por las ciencias naturales le lleva a estudiar más tarde anatomía y fisiología y a trabajar bajo la dirección de Martin Lichtenstein en el Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin y más tarde se doctora en ciencias naturales en la Universidad Humboldt de Berlín en 1855. En 1856, de vuelta en Münster se hace profesor en la Realschule. En 1859, se le habilitó para ser académico de zoología y durante este periodo buscó la forma de que se impartiera zoología desde el colegio como se puede leer en su obra de 1863, Winke zur Hebung des zoologischen Unterrichts.

En 1869, sucedió a Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg como profesor de ciencias en la escuela forestal de Eberswalde (50 km al noreste de Berlín). Allí estudió sobre todo la cuestión de protección forestal y publicó la obra de tres tomos Forstzoologie 1872 y 1875 entre otras obras.

Además de sus libros publicó diversos tratados en diferentes publicaciones especializadas y fue fuerte defensor de la teoría de la evolución teleológica contra Charles Darwin y en 1891 le concedieron el título de Geheimrat.

Bibliografía parcial
 Similitudines Homeri cum Aeschyli, Sophoclis, Euripidis comparantur, Dissertation phi., Berlín 1855

 Winke zur Hebung des zoologischen Unterrichts, Münster 1863

 Die Säugetiere des Münsterlands, Münster 1867. Neudruck: Wenner, Osnabrück 1973, ISBN 3-87898-035-3

 Der Vogel und sein Leben, Münster 1868

 Forstzoologie, 3 vols. Berlín 1872–1875

 Die Geweihbildung bei Rothirsch, Rehbock, Damhirsch, Berlín 1874

 Die Geweihbildung des Elchhirsches, Berlín 1874

 Unsere Spechte und ihre forstliche Bedeutung, Berlín 1878

 Unsere Mäuse in ihrer forstlichen Bedeutung etc., Berlín 1880

 Insecten. 2ª ed. verb. und verm. Springer, Berlín 1881 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.8167

 Die Artenkennzeichen des inländischen entenartigen Geflügels 1883

 Waldbeschädigungen durch Thiere und Gegenmittel, Berlín 1889

 Erreichung einer einheitlichen Nomenclatur auf dem Gebiet der Entomologie und der Botanik 1892

Referencias

 Georg Arnold. Altum, Johann Bernard Theodor. Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon 29: 43-46

 Albrecht Milnik. Bernard Altum. In ders. (eds.) et al. Im Dienst am Wald – Lebenswege und Leistungen brandenburgischer Forstleute. Brandenburgische Lebensbilder. Verlag Kessel, Remagen-Oberwinter 2006, ISBN 3-935638-79-5, pp. 242-243

 Albrecht Milnik, Klaus Rohlfien. Professor der Zoologie Dr. Bernard Altum (1824-1900). Zum 100. Todestag. In: Eberswalder Jahrbuch für Heimat-, Kultur- und Naturgeschichte 2000/2001. Verein für Heimatkunde zu Eberswalde, Eberswalde 2000, pp. 239-248,

 Ludwig Gebhardt. Die Ornithologen Mitteleuropas. 1747 bemerkenswerte Biographien vom Mittelalter bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts. Verlagsgemeinschaft Aula-Verlag, Quelle-Meyer-Verlag, Limpert-Verlag 2006, ISBN 3-89104680-4 (Einträge zu Bernard Altum in tomo I, pp. 19, y tomo II, pp. 148)

 Hermann Schalow. Beiträge zur Vogelfauna der Mark Brandenburg (reimpreso de ed. de 1919.) Verlag Natur & Text, Rangsdorf 2004, ISBN 978-3-9807627-9-3 oder ISBN 3-9807627-9-3 (enthält auch ein Kapitel über Altum)

 Gelasius Kraus. Bernard Altum als Naturphilosoph. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Naturphilosophie im 19. Jahrhundert. Schöningh, Paderborn 1914

 Feige. Gedächtnisrede auf Herrn Geheimen Regierungsrat Professor Dr. Bernard Altum (...), geboren den 31. Dezember 1824 zu Münster in Westf., gestorben den 1. Februar 1900 zu Eberswalde (...). Seiner Pfarrgemeinde zum Andenken gehalten am 11. Februar 1900 (...). Müller, Eberswalde 1900, 12 pp.

 S. Koß in Biographisches Lexikon des KV tomo 2 1993 pp. 16f ISBN 3-923621-98-1

 Hermann Schalow. Bernhard Altum. Nachruf gehalten in der Februar-Sitzung der Deutschen Ornithologischen Gesellschaft. Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 8 ( 4) 1900: 49-54 online

Zoólogos de Alemania del siglo XIX
Ornitólogos de Alemania del siglo XIX
Entomólogos de Alemania del siglo XIX
Agrónomos de Alemania
Pedagogos de Alemania
Coleccionistas
Religiosos de Alemania del siglo XIX
Escritores de Alemania del siglo XIX
Escritores en alemán del siglo XIX
Nacidos en Münster
Personas de la Provincia de Westfalia

Bernard Altum


Torashi Shimazu (født 20. august 1978) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Ventforet Kofu og Tokushima Vortis.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Torashi Shimazu


ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායම 2021 ජුනි සහ ජූලි මාසවලදී එංගලන්තයේ සංචාරය කළේ එක්දින ජාත්‍යන්තර (එක්දින) සහ විස්සයි විස්ස ජාත්‍යන්තර (විස්සයි 20) තරග 3 කට ක්‍රීඩා කිරීමටය. එක්දින තරගාවලිය සමාරම්භක 2020-2023 අයිසීසී ක්‍රිකට් ලෝක කුසලාන සුපිරි ලීගයේ කොටසක් විය.. 2021 ජුනි 4 වන දින ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් එංගලන්තයේ සංචාරය කිරීම සඳහා 24 දෙනෙකුගෙන් යුත් සංචිතයක් නම් කළේය. කෙසේ වෙතත්, සංචාරය මුලින් සැකයට භාජනය වූයේ පසුදා, ක්‍රීඩකයින් 38 දෙනෙකු ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් ආයතනය සමඟ සංචාර ගිවිසුම් අත්සන් කිරීම ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කරමින් ප්‍රකාශයකට අත්සන් තැබීමෙනි. ක්‍රීඩකයන් සමඟ එකඟතාවකට පැමිණීමෙන් පසුව, සැලසුම් කළ පරිදි සංචාරය ඉදිරියට යන බව ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් ආයතනය තහවුරු කළේය.

එංගලන්තය පළමු විස්සයි 20 තරග දෙක පිළිවෙලින් කඩුලු 8 කින් හා කඩුලු 5 කින් ජය ගනිමින් තරගාවලිය ජය ගැනීමට සමත් විය. එංගලන්තය අවසන් විස්සයි 20 තරගය ලකුණු 89 කින් ජය ගනිමින් තරගාවලිය 3-0ක් ලෙස ජය ගත්තේය. එංගලන්තය පළමු එක්දින තරග දෙක ජය ගත්තේය. තෙවන එක්දින තරගයේ ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉනිම අවසන් වීමෙන් පසුව තරගය වර්ෂාවෙන් බාධා වීමෙන් පසුව තරගය කිසිදු ප්‍රතිඵලයක් නොමැතිව අවසන් විය.  එක්දින තරගාවලිය 2-0 ලෙස එංගලන්තයට ජය හිමි විය.

සංචිත

එක්දින හා විස්සයි 20 තරග සඳහා ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තනි සංචිත නම් නොකළ අතර සංචාරය සඳහා ක්‍රීඩකයින් 24 දෙනෙකුගෙන් යුත් ඒකාබද්ධ සංචිතයක් නම් කිරීමට තීරණය කළේය. ඔලි ස්ටෝන් එංගලන්තයේ එක්දින සංචිතයට නම් කිරීමට නියමිතව තිබූ නමුත් ඉතිරි තරගවාරයෙන් ඉවත්ව ගියේ ඔහුට ඇති වූ ආතතියෙනි. එහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙස ජෝර්ජ් ගාර්ටන් එංගලන්ත කණ්ඩායමට සිය මංගල අවස්ථාව ලබා ගත්තේය. පළමු විස්සයි 20 තරගයේදී එංගලන්තයේ ජොස් බට්ලර් පේෂි ඉරීමකට ලක් වූ අතර සෙසු තරගවලින් ඉවත් විය. බට්ලර් වෙනුවට ඩේවිඩ් මාලන් එංගලන්ත එක්දින සංචිතයට ඇතුළත් කරන ලදී. දෙවන විස්සයි 20 තරගයේදී ආබාධයකට ලක්වීමකින් පසුව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අවිෂ්ක ප්‍රනාන්දු එක්දින තරගමාලාවෙන් ඉවත් විය. එංගලන්තයේ ඩේවිඩ් මාලන් ද එක්දින තරගාවලියෙන් ඉවත් වූයේ පෞද්ගලික හේතු නිසා ය. තෙවැනි එක්දින තරගය සඳහා එංගලන්ත සංචිතයට ටොම් බැන්ටන් ඇතුළත් කරන ලදී.

2021 ජුනි 28 වන දින, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් විසින් කුසල් මෙන්ඩිස්, දනුෂ්ක ගුණතිලක සහ නිරෝෂන් දික්වැල්ල යන තිදෙනා ජෛව ආරක්ෂිත බුබුල උල්ලංඝණය කිරීම හේතුවෙන් තරග අත්හිටුවන ලදී. ක්‍රීඩකයන් තිදෙනාම ඩර්හැම් නගර මධ්‍යයේ දක්නට ලැබුණි, එක්දින තරගවලට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් ආයතනය ඔවුන් සියල්ලන්ම ආපසු ගෙදර යැවීය.

තරඟ
විස්සයි 20 තරගමාලාවට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාව කෙන්ට් සහ සසෙක්ස් පිලට එරෙහිව එක්දින තරග තරග දෙකකට ක්‍රීඩා කිරීමට නියමිතව තිබුණි. කෙසේ වෙතත්, COVID-19 වසංගතය හේතුවෙන්, එංගලන්ත සහ වේල්ස් ක්‍රිකට් මණ්ඩලය (ECB) සනාථ කළේ ඒ වෙනුවට ශ්‍රී ලංකාව අභ්‍යන්තර සංචිත තරගවලට ක්‍රීඩා කරන බවයි. ඕල්ඩ් ට්‍රැෆර්ඩ් ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩාංගණයේදී ඕවර 50 ක තරගයක් සහ ඕවර 20 ක තරගයක් පැවැත්විණි.

T20 තරගමාලාව

1 වන වි20 තරගය

2 වන වි20 තරගය

3 වන වි20 තරගය

එක්දින තරඟමාලාව

1 වන එක්දින තරගය

2 වන එක්දින තරගය

3 වන එක්දින තරගය

යොමුව

බාහිර සබැඳි

 ESPN Cricinfo හි තරගමාලා පිටුව

ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායමේ එංගලන්ත තරග සංචාරය 2021


Pavel Mečár (* 11. August 1980) ist ein slowakischer Badmintonspieler.

Karriere
Pavel Mečár ist einer der erfolgreichsten slowakischen Badmintonspieler aller Zeiten. Insgesamt gewann er in seiner Heimat mehr als zwei Dutzend nationale Titel bei den Junioren und Erwachsenen. 1999 und 2001 nahm er an den Badminton-Weltmeisterschaften teil.

Sportliche Erfolge

Referenzen

Badmintonspieler (Slowakei)
Slowakischer Meister (Badminton)
Tschechoslowake
Slowake
Geboren 1980
Mann

Pavel Mečár


National Novel Writing Month (often shortened to NaNoWriMo ) is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that promotes creative writing around the world. Its flagship program is an annual, international creative writing event in which participants attempt to write a 50,000-word manuscript during the month of November. Well-known authors write "pep-talks" in order to motivate participants during the month. The website provides participants, called "Wrimos", with tips for writer's block, information on where local participants are meeting, and an online community of support. Focusing on the length of a work rather than the quality, writers are encouraged to finish their first draft quickly so it can be edited later at their discretion. The project started in July 1999 with 21 participants. In 2019, 455,080 participated in the organization's programs.

Writers wishing to participate first register on the project's website, where they can post profiles and information about their novels, including synopses and excerpts. Regional volunteers called "Municipal Liaisons" help connect local writers, hold in-person and virtual writing events, and provide encouragement.

History
Freelance writer Chris Baty started the project in July 1999 with 21 participants in the San Francisco Bay area. In 2000, it was moved to November "to more fully take advantage of the miserable weather." and launched an official website, designed by a friend of Baty's. That year 140 participants signed up for the event, including several from other countries. Baty launched a Yahoo! group to facilitate socialization between participants and, after the posters began asking about guidelines, he set most of the event's basic ground rules: the novel must be new, cannot be co-authored, and must be submitted in time to be verified. Of the 140 participants, 29 completed the challenge as manually verified by Baty himself.

The following year, Baty expected similar numbers, but 5,000 participants registered, which he credits to news of the event being spread by bloggers and later being reported on by various news organizations including the Los Angeles Times and Washington Post. Though Baty was happy with the large turnout and popularity of the event, it almost did not happen, as the website had a number of problems leading to participants being asked to post themselves as winners on an honor system; in the end, 700 people would do so.

2002 saw technical improvements and increased automation to the site, and media attention from National Public Radio and CBS Evening News drew increased attention and a participant count of 14,000. The next year, the NaNoWriMo team began the Municipal Liaison program where volunteers could act as moderators in the forums as well as send out the first set of pep talk emails. Municipal Liaisons also acted as leaders for a specific region under their jurisdiction - organizing fundraisers and calling meetings for NaNoWriMo participants residing in their region. Baty also began work on his debut novel "No Plot? No Problem!" during the 2003 NaNoWriMo, writing the NaNoWriMo guide concurrent with his own novel.

In 2005, NaNoWriMo was registered as a nonprofit organization due to the event growing strongly every year, which became the Office of Letters and Light.

In 2011, the NaNoWriMo website was given a new layout and forums. Baty announced that he would be stepping down as executive director in January 2012 to pursue a full-time writing career. Grant Faulkner took his position as executive director. The redesigned website moved from being based on Drupal to Ruby-on-Rails. During the first month after launch, the new website supported over 1,000,000 visitors and more than 39,000,000 pageviews.

By 2015, 431,626 people participated (633 different regions) in NaNoWriMo. Of those participants, more than 40,000 won.

Rules
Since NaNoWriMo is used to get people writing, the rules are kept broad and straightforward:
 Writing starts at 12:00: a.m. on November 1 and ends 11:59:59 p.m. on November 30, local time.
 No one is allowed to start early and the challenge finishes exactly 30 days from that start point.
 Novels must reach a minimum of 50,000 words before the end of November in order to win. These words can either be a complete novel of 50,000 words or the first 50,000 words of a novel to be completed later.
 Planning and extensive notes are permitted, but no material written before the November 1 start date can go into the body of the novel.
 Participants' novels can be on any theme, genre of fiction, and language. Everything from fanfiction, which uses trademarked characters, to novels in poem format, and metafiction is allowed; according to the website's FAQ, "If you believe you're writing a novel, we believe you're writing a novel too."

"Rebelling" (the act of writing something besides a novel such as non-fiction, video games, scripts, or academic writing) is allowed, as NaNoWriMo is considered a "self-challenge"; rebels are allowed to validate and thus receive any prizes from sponsors.

Winning and prizes
To win NaNoWriMo, participants must write an average of approximately 1,667 words per day (69 per hour, 1.2 per minute) in November to reach the goal of 50,000 words written toward a novel. Organizers of the event say that the aim is to get people to start writing, using the deadline as an incentive to get the story going and to put words to paper. There is no fee to participate in NaNoWriMo; registration is only required for novel verification.

No official prizes are awarded for length, quality, or speed, though self-awarded badges are available on the site. Anyone who reaches the 50,000-word mark is declared a winner. Beginning November 20, participants can submit their novel to be automatically verified for length and receive a printable certificate, an icon they can display on the web, and inclusion on the list of winners. No precautions are taken to prevent cheating; since the reward for winning is the finished novel itself and the satisfaction of having written it, there is little incentive to cheat. Novels are verified for word count by software, and may be scrambled or otherwise encrypted before being submitted for verification, although the software does not keep any other record of text input. It is possible to win without anyone other than the author ever seeing or reading the novel.

In October 2007, the self-publishing company CreateSpace teamed up with NaNoWriMo to begin offering winners a single free, paperback proof copy of their manuscripts, with the option to use the proof to then sell the novel on Amazon.com. In 2011, CreateSpace offered winners five free, paperback proof copies of their manuscripts. In addition to CreateSpace, each year NaNoWriMo has a new list of sponsors that reward winners and participants with various discounts and prizes.

Community

Forums
The official forums provide a place for advice, information, criticism, support, and an opportunity for "collective procrastination." The forums are available from the beginning of October, when signups for the year begin, until late September the following year, when they are archived and the database is wiped in preparation for that year's NaNoWriMo forums to start up again.

Most regions have one or more Municipal Liaisons (ML) assigned to them, who are volunteers that help with organizing local events and mediate regional forums. MLs are encouraged to coordinate at least two kinds of meet-ups; a kickoff party, and a "Thank God It's Over" party to celebrate successes and share novels. Kickoff parties are often held the weekend before November to give local writers a chance to meet and get geared up, although some are held on Halloween night past midnight so writers start writing in a community setting. Other events may be scheduled, including weekend meet-ups or overnight write-ins.

The Night of Writing Dangerously
In November 2007, NaNoWriMo hosted a fundraising Write-a-thon event called 'The Night of Writing Dangerously', held in San Francisco. The first 250 participants to donate at least $200 to the NaNoWriMo website received reservations at this annual event, at which participants met the organization's staff, listened to speeches, chatted, ate, participated in raffles, and competed to see who could write the most at the event. In 2015, this fundraiser raised over $56,000. By 2016, the required donation amount to attend the event had risen to $300. 2018 was the last year in which the event was held, as the cost to put on the event rose and the funds raised by the event decreased.

Programs

Laptop Loaners
Starting in 2002, NaNoWriMo ran a Laptop Loaner program for those without regular access to a computer or word processor. Functional used laptops were donated by NaNoWriMo participants, and borrowers were required to send a $300 deposit with proof of identity and cover the cost of return shipping.

In 2008, AlphaSmart, Inc. donated 25 Neo word processors.

In 2009 the Laptop Loaner program ended before that year's NaNoWriMo event.

Young Writers Program
In 2004, NaNoWriMo started the Young Writers Program (YWP),  a writing workshop aimed to aid classrooms of kindergarten through 12th-grade students. The difference between the regular program and the YWP was that kids could choose how many words to try to write. The word count goal for a young writer can range from a few thousand words, to the adult-standard 50,000, and even higher in some cases; a typical standard is around 30,000.  In its inaugural year, the program was used in 150 classrooms and involved 4000 students. Teachers register their classroom for participation and are sent a starter kit of materials to use in the class which includes reward items like stickers and pencils. Lesson plans and writing ideas are also offered as resources to teachers, while students can communicate through the program's forums. The only age restriction on the YWP is that, in most circumstances, no one can be over 18. When a user turns 18, they are sent to the main site; however, high school seniors who turn 18 during their senior year can remain in the program until graduation. YWP has their own forums which anyone from 13-17 can be on.

The Office of Letters and Light
In September 2006, NaNoWriMo officially became a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization operating under the name "The Office of Letters and Light."

In 2004, NaNoWriMo partnered with child literacy non-profit Room to Read, and continued that partnership for three years. Fifty percent of net proceeds from 2004 to 2006 were used to build libraries in Southeast Asia; three were built in Cambodia, seven in Laos, and seven in Vietnam. The program was retired in 2007 to refocus resources on NaNoWriMo and the Young Writers Program.

Camp NaNoWriMo
A summer version of NaNoWriMo, called Camp NaNoWriMo, launched in 2011. Two sessions were held, one in July and one in August; however, the months were switched to June and August for Camp NaNoWriMo 2012. The two months were then switched to April and July for 2013 and 2014, and have stayed the same since. The rules used for the main event in November also applied to each Camp NaNoWriMo session.

There used to be a Camp NaNoWriMo website, but it was merged into the main NaNoWriMo site. The cabins were now made by making groups on the site, each with its own message board visible only by members of that cabin. Camp NaNoWriMo participants may choose their word count goal, similar to the Young Writers Program.

The "Now What?" Months
In 2013, January and February were deemed NaNoWriMo's "Now What?" Months, designed to help novelists during the editing and revision process. To participate, writers commit to revisit their novels, signing a contract via NaNoWriMo, then attend Internet seminars where publishing experts and NaNoWriMo novelists are available to advise writers on the next steps for their draft. After that, participants communicate on Twitter to compare editing notes and interact with agents and publishers. Participants stay updated with NaNoWriMo's blog where encouragement and advice are offered by authors, editors, and agents.

Published NaNoWriMo novels

Since 2006, nearly 400 NaNoWriMo novels have been published via traditional publishing houses and over 200 novels have been published by smaller presses or self-published.

Some notable titles include:
 Water for Elephants by Sara Gruen, published by Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill
 Persistence of Memory by Amelia Atwater-Rhodes, published by Delacorte Press
 Anna and the French Kiss by Stephanie Perkins, published by Dutton Juvenile
 The Night Circus by Erin Morgenstern, published by Doubleday
 Wool by Hugh Howey, published by Simon & Schuster
 Cinder by Marissa Meyer, published by Square Fish
 Fangirl by Rainbow Rowell, published by St. Martin's Press
 The Darwin Elevator by Jason M. Hough, published by Del Rey Books
 Side Effects May Vary by Julie Murphy, published by HarperCollins Publishers
 Assassin's Heart by Sarah Ahiers, published by HarperCollins Publishers
 The Forest of Hands and Teeth by Carrie Ryan, published by Gollancz
 The Cut Out by Jack Heath, published by Allen & Unwin
 The Beautiful Land, by Alan Averill, published by Ace Books
 The Wedding Date, by Jasmine Guillory, published by Berkley (Penguin Books)

Spin-off events
 Script Frenzy: creating a script in April of every year that ran from 2007-2012.
 Southern Cross Novel Challenge: southern hemisphere version of event that ran in June from 2007-2013.

See also
Lune Spark Young Writers' Short Story Contest
National Kids-in-Print Book Contest for Students
PBS Kids Writers Contest
Three-Day Novel Contest

References

External links

Camp NaNoWriMo Site
(2007) Three-Part, In-Depth Interview with founder Chris Baty at Writer Unboxed
(2012) Interview with Chris Baty at Terrible Minds
Analysis tools for NaNoWriMo text

1999 establishments in the United States
501(c)(3) organizations
Month-long observances
November observances
Recurring events established in 1999
Writing contests

National Novel Writing Month


Mayıslar, Eskişehir ilinin Sarıcakaya ilçesine bağlı bir mahalle.

Coğrafya
Eskişehir iline 40 km, Sarıcakaya ilçesine 5 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus
Nüfus:1709

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Sarıcakaya'nın mahalleleri

Mayıslar, Sarıcakaya


La Sonata para piano en fa mayor, K. 547a (Anh. 135) es una sonata atribuida durante un tiempo a Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. En un principio, fue publicada como sonata original por Breitkopf und Härtel en 1799, pero pronto se descubrió que en realidad era una amalgama de movimientos seleccionados de otras composiciones.

Estructura

La obra consta de dos movimientos:

Allegro (transcripción para piano solo del segundo movimiento de la Sonata para violín n.º 36, KV 547)
Rondó (transposición del último movimiento de la Sonata para piano n.º 16 de do mayor a fa mayor)

La serie de seis variaciones sobre el Andante, KV 54/547b original se interpretan en ocasiones como tercer movimiento adicional de la obra. Estas variaciones son también transcritas para la misma sonata para violín (KV 547) a la que pertenece el Allegro, con la cuarta variación (que estaba dedicada al violín) reescrita.

Véase también

 Sonata para piano en si bemol mayor, KV 498a (Mozart)
 Seis variaciones en fa mayor (Mozart)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Las sonatas para piano completas de Mozart / Rodrian - archivos MIDI de la obra. Aquí la sonata está trasladada al canon y ubicada como Sonata para piano n.º 16, poniendo así la Sonata facile como n.º 17.

fa mayor kv 547a
sonata piano fa mayor kv 547a
Composiciones en fa mayor
Composiciones de 1799

Sonata para piano en fa mayor, KV 547a (Mozart)


La Paz de Praga fue un tratado de paz firmado en Praga, el 23 de agosto de 1866, que puso fin a la guerra austro-prusiana. Como consecuencia de este tratado, el reino de Prusia se consolidó como potencia dentro de los estados alemanes. Pese a ser derrotado, el Imperio austriaco fue tratado con indulgencia y no se le sujetó a grandes pérdidas territoriales ni financieras, ya que Otto von Bismarck convenció a Guillermo I de que mantener a Austria como potencia europea sería beneficioso para Prusia.

Firmantes:
  Imperio austríaco, representado por el Barón Adolphus Brenner.
  Reino de Prusia, representado por el Barón Charles von Werther.

Los resultados de la paz fueron los siguientes:

 Austria perdió definitivamente el Véneto y Mantua, que fue cedido a Napoleón III de Francia, quien a su vez lo cedió a Italia. Austria se negó a ceder esta región directamente a Italia porque las tropas austriacas habían vencido a los italianos en las dos batalles claves entre ambos: una en el mar (Lissa) y otra en tierra (Custozza).
 El gobierno de Viena fue permanentemente excluido de los asuntos políticos de Alemania, con lo cual esta fue considerada Kleindeutschland ('pequeña Alemania').
 Se confirmó la adquisición prusiana de los ducados daneses de Holstein, Lauenburgo y Schleswig, que habían sido cedidos a Austria y Prusia respectivamente tras la Paz de Viena (1864), que puso fin a la segunda guerra de Schleswig.
Prusia se anexiona el Reino de Hannover, el Ducado de Nassau, Hesse-Homburg, el electorado de Hesse-Kassel y la ciudad Libre de Fráncfort.
 Los prusianos prometieron realizar un plebiscito para Schleswig del Norte que decidiría si esta región volvería a Dinamarca.
 Se creó la Confederación Alemana del Norte, que abarcaría los estados alemanes del norte, Prusia y la mitad norte (Oberhessen) de Hesse-Darmstadt.
 Los estados alemanes del sur como Baviera, Sajonia, Württemberg y Baden, que habían apoyado a Austria, mantuvieron su independencia, pero debieron pagar una fuerte indemnización de guerra en favor de Prusia.

Referencias

Praga 1866
Praga
Tratados de paz
Historia de Praga
Guerra austro-prusiana
Tratados de 1866

Paz de Praga (1866)


Agatha of Sicily () is a Christian saint. Her feast is on 5 February. Agatha was born in Catania, part of the Roman Province of Sicily, and was martyred . She is one of several virgin martyrs who are commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass.

Agatha is the patron saint of Catania, Molise, Malta, San Marino, Gallipoli in Apulia, and Zamarramala, a municipality of the Province of Segovia in Spain. She is also the patron saint of breast cancer patients, rape victims,
martyrs, wet nurses, bell-founders, and bakers, and is invoked against fire, earthquakes, and eruptions of Mount Etna.

Early history
Agatha is buried at the Badia di Sant'Agata, Catania. She is listed in the late 6th-century  associated with Jerome, and the , the calendar of the church of Carthage, . Agatha also appears in one of the  of Venantius Fortunatus.

Two early churches were dedicated to her in Rome, Sant'Agata in Trastevere and notably the Church of Sant'Agata dei Goti in Via Mazzarino,  a titular church with apse mosaics of  and traces of a fresco cycle, overpainted by Gismondo Cerrini in 1630. In the 6th century AD, the church was adapted to Arianism, hence its name "Saint Agatha of Goths", and later reconsecrated by Gregory the Great, who confirmed her traditional sainthood.

Agatha is also depicted in the mosaics of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna, where she appears, richly dressed, in the procession of female martyrs along the north wall. Her image forms an initial 'I' in the Sacramentary of Gellone, which dates from the end of the 8th century.

Life

One of the most highly venerated virgin martyrs of Christian antiquity, Agatha was put to death during the Decian persecution (250–253) in Catania, Sicily, for her determined profession of faith.

Her written legend comprises "straightforward accounts of interrogation, torture, resistance, and triumph which constitute some of the earliest hagiographic literature", and are reflected in later recensions, the earliest surviving one being an illustrated late 10th-century passio bound into a composite volume in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, originating probably in Autun, Burgundy; in its margin illustrations Magdalena Carrasco detected Carolingian or Late Antique iconographic traditions.

According to the 13th-century Golden Legend (III.15) by Jacobus de Voragine, 15-year-old Agatha, from a rich and noble family, made a vow of virginity and rejected the amorous advances of the Roman prefect Quintianus, who thought he could force her to turn away from her vow and marry him. His persistent proposals were consistently spurned by Agatha. This was during the persecutions of Decius, so Quintianus, knowing she was a Christian, reported her to the authorities. Quintianus himself was governor of the district.

Quintianus expected Agatha to give in to his demands when faced with torture and possible death, but Agatha simply reaffirmed her belief in God by praying: "Jesus Christ, Lord of all, you see my heart, you know my desires. Possess all that I am. I am your sheep: make me worthy to overcome the devil." To force her to change her mind, Quintianus sent Agatha to Aphrodisia, the keeper of a brothel, and had her imprisoned there; however, the punishment failed, with Agatha remaining a Christian.

Quintianus sent for Agatha again, arguing with her and threatening her, before finally having her imprisoned and tortured. She was stretched on a rack to be torn with iron hooks, burned with torches, and whipped. Her breasts were torn off with tongs.  After further dramatic confrontations with Quintianus, represented in a sequence of dialogues in her passio that document her fortitude and steadfast devotion, Agatha was then sentenced to be burnt at the stake; however, an earthquake prevented this from happening, and she was instead sent to prison, where St. Peter the Apostle appeared to her and healed her wounds.

Agatha died in prison, probably in the year 251 according to the . Although the martyrdom of Agatha is authenticated, and her veneration as a saint had spread beyond her native place even in antiquity, there is no reliable information concerning the details of her death.

Osbern Bokenam, A Legend of Holy Women, written in the 1440s, offers some further detail.

Veneration
According to Maltese tradition, during the persecution of Roman Emperor Decius (AD 249–251), Agatha, together with some of her friends, fled from Sicily and took refuge in Malta. Some historians believe that her stay on the island was rather short, and she spent her days in a rock-hewn crypt at Rabat, praying and teaching Christianity to children. After some time, Agatha returned to Sicily, where she faced martyrdom. Agatha was arrested and brought before Quintianus, praetor of Catania, who condemned her to torture and imprisonment.

The crypt of St. Agatha is an underground basilica, which from early ages was venerated by the Maltese. At the time of St. Agatha's stay, the crypt was a small natural cave, which, later on, during the 4th or 5th century, was enlarged and embellished.

After the Reformation era, Agatha was retained in the calendar of the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer with her feast on 5 February. Several Church of England parish churches are dedicated to her.

A feast day to honor Agatha on 5 February was given final authorization in the Episcopal Church in 2022.

The translation of her relics is commemorated on 10 March and 17 August.

Festival of Saint Agatha in Catania

The Festival of Saint Agatha in Catania is a major festival in the region, it takes place in the first five days of February. The Catania Cathedral (also known as ) is dedicated to her.

Patronage

Saint Agatha is the patron saint of rape victims, breast cancer patients, wet nurses, and bellfounders (due to the shape of her severed breasts). She is also considered to be a powerful intercessor when people suffer from fires. Her feast day is celebrated on 5 February.

She is also a patron saint of Malta, where in 1551 her intercession through a reported apparition to a Benedictine nun is said to have saved Malta from Turkish invasion.

She became the patron saint of the Republic of San Marino after Pope Clement XII restored the independence of the state on her feast day of 5 February 1740.

She is also the patron saint of Catania, Sorihuela del Guadalimar (Spain), Molise, San Marino and Kalsa, a historical quarter of Palermo.

She is claimed as the patroness of Palermo. The year after her death, the stilling of an eruption of Mount Etna was attributed to her intercession. As a result, apparently, people continued to ask her prayers for protection against fire.

In Switzerland, Agatha is considered the patron saint of fire services.

In the United Kingdom, Agatha is the patron saint of bell ringers in service of the Catholic Church.

Iconography

Saint Agatha is often depicted iconographically carrying her excised breasts on a platter, as in Bernardino Luini's Saint Agatha (1510–1515) in the Galleria Borghese, Rome, in which Agatha contemplates the breasts on a standing salver held in her hand.

The tradition of making shaped pastry on the feast of St. Agatha, such as Agatha bread or buns, or so-called  ("Breasts of St. Agatha") or  ("Breasts of the virgin"), is found in many countries.

Legacy
The Basque people have a tradition of gathering on Saint Agatha's Eve () and going round the village. Homeowners can choose to hear a song about her life, accompanied by the beats of their walking sticks on the floor or a prayer for the household's deceased. After that, the homeowner donates food to the chorus. This song has varying lyrics according to the local tradition and the Basque language. An exceptional case was that of 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, when a version appeared that in the Spanish language praised the Soviet ship Komsomol, which had sunk while carrying Soviet weapons to the Second Spanish Republic.

An annual festival to commemorate the life of Saint Agatha takes place in Catania, Sicily, from 3 to 5 February. The festival culminates in an all-night procession through the city.

St. Agatha's Tower is a former Knight's stronghold located in the north west of Malta. The seventeenth-century tower served as a military base during both World Wars and was used as a radar station by the Maltese army.

St. Agatha is also commemorated in literature. The Italian poet Martha Marchina wrote an epigram in  that commemorates her martyrdom. In it, Marchina characterizes Agatha as powerful and she reclaims that power because she has become more beautiful through her wounds.

Agatha of Sicily is honored with a Lesser Feast on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America on 5 February.

In art

Agatha is a featured figure on Judy Chicago's 1979 installation piece The Dinner Party, being represented as one of the 999 names on the Heritage Floor.

See also

 Incorruptibility
 List of Catholic saints
 Saint Agatha of Sicily, patron saint archive
 Santa Gadea, a church of historical importance devoted to Agatha, located in Burgos
 Breast tax, breast tax in Travancore
 Nangeli, woman who cut her breast in protest

Further reading
Of Saint Agatha in "Ælfric's Lives of Saints", by Ælfric of Eynsham London, Pub. for the Early English text society, by N. Trübner & co. (1881).

Notes

References

External links

"St Agatha - St Peter's Square Colonnades"
"Here Followeth the Life of St. Agatha," from Jacobus Voragine, The Golden Legend, tr. William Caxton.
 "Saint Agatha of Sicily" at the Christian Iconography website
Butler, Alban. The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints, Vol. I, D. & J. Sadlier, & Company, 1864
 "Saint Agatha Movie" at the Delusion website
 The Saint Agatha Virgin and Martyr Catholic Church" at the Nova Crnja municipality.
 The Votive Aedicules in honour of Saint Agata in Catania

231 births
251 deaths
Italian saints
Sicilian saints
3rd-century Roman women
3rd-century Christian martyrs
3rd-century Christian saints
Year of birth unknown
Virgin martyrs
National symbols of Malta
Ante-Nicene Christian female saints
Anglican saints

Agatha of Sicily


Rachel India True () este o actriță americană de film și televiziune, fostă fotomodel. Ea este cel mai bine cunoscută pentru rolurile sale în filme precum The Craft (1996), Nowhere (1997) și Half Baked (1998). Este, de asemenea, cunoscută pentru rolul ei Mona Thorne din sitcom-ul Half & Half de la UPN.

Filmografie
Film

Televiziune

Referințe

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1966
Actrițe americane din secolul al XX-lea
Actrițe americane din secolul al XXI-lea
Actrițe din New York City
Actrițe de film americane
Oameni în viață

Rachel True


Engaged may refer to:

 Engaged (play), an 1877 play by W. S. Gilbert
 "Engaged" (song), a 2008 song by Alisa Mizuki
 Engaged Buddhism refers to Buddhists who are seeking ways to apply the insights from meditation practice and dharma teachings
 Engaged column, an architectural feature
 Engaged and underage, a 2007 American reality television series on MTV
 Engaged tone, a busy signal
 Engaged Spirituality refers to engaging in the world to transform it in positive ways guided by spiritual beliefs
 Engaged theory is a methodological framework for understanding social complexity

See also

 Engage (disambiguation)
 Engagement (disambiguation)
 Disengage (disambiguation)
 Disengagement (disambiguation)

Engaged (disambiguation)


කොට්ටම්බා නැමැති ශාකය Terminalia catappa යන විද්‍යාත්මක නාමයෙන් හදුන්වනු ලබයි. ගිණිකොන ආසියාතික රටවලට දේශීය වූ කොට්ටම්බා ශාකය ගර්ම කලාපීය රටවල් වන පකිස්ථානය, ඉන්දියාව ඇතුළු දකුණු ආසියාතික රටවල ව්‍යාප්තව ඇත. මෙම ශාකය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට මැලේසියාවෙන් හඳුන්වා දී ඇති. කොට්ටම්බා ශාකය පත්‍ර විශාල වීම , සමාන්තර අතු විහිදීම ආදී ගති ලක්ෂණ හේතුවෙන් සෙවන ලබාදෙන ශාකයක් ලෙස හැඳින්වේ. එක ම ශාකය ගැහැණූ පිරිමි මල් හඳුනා ගත හැකිය. කොට්ටම්බා ගස ලුණු සහිත පසට ඔරොත්තු දෙන ශාකයක් වෙන හෙයින් මුහුදු වෙරළ ආශ්‍රිතව සිටුවීමට ගත හැකිය. කොට්ටම්බා ගෙඩි කුරුල්ලන් හා වවුලන්ගෙන් ව්‍යාප්ත වන අතර, ජලය පා වී ගොස් ව්‍යාප්ත වේ. කොට්ටම්බා ගෙඩි වල ඇති මදය ඉතා ප්‍රණිත ආහාරයක් ලෙස ආහාරයට ගත හැකිය. තවද ගෙඩි සහ මුල් අදිය ටැනින් සපයන අතර, මුළු ශාකයම ඖෂධීය ගුණාංගවලින් යුක්තය.

විවිධ රෝග පාලනය කරමින් දීර්ඝායුෂ ලබා දෙන්නක් සේ සැළකෙන කොට්ටම්බා විසල් කොළ සහිතව අලංකාර රටාවකට අතු විහිදෙන, ශාකයක් . උදෑසනම පිපෙන පියකරු මල් නිසා 'පුබුදන්නා ' ලෙස හැඳින්වෙනවා. ආසියානු අප්‍රිකානු ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු රටවල් ගණනාවක දක්නට ලැබෙන ශාකය ප්‍රභේද 80කින් පමණ යුක්තයි. මෙරට බටු හා පෙතන් වශයෙන් ලොකු කුඩා දෙවර්ගයක් ඇති බව සඳහන්. යුරෝපීය රටවල වටිනා ඖෂධිය ආහාරයක් සේ සැලකෙන ආමන්ඩ් ඇටවලට රුවින් ගුණයෙන් කොට්ටන් ඇට සමානවන නිසාදෝ tropical almond, ඉන්දියන් ආමන්ඩ්, මලබාර් ආමන්ඩ්, යනාදි නම්වලින් කොට්ටම්බා හඳුන්වනු ලබනවා. ඉදුණු විට රතු හා කහ පැහැති ගෙඩි දක්නට ලැබෙන අතර පොත්ත අසල ඇති මාංශල කොටස පලතුරක් සේත්, ඝන ඇටය තුළ ඇති දුඹුරු පොත්තකින් වැසුණු සුදු මදය ඇට වර්ගයක් සේත් ආහාරයට ගනු ලබනවා. ඇටයේ පොත්ත හැර බැද කුඩුකර කිතුල් පැණි හා මිශ්‍රකර අග්ගලා සකසනවා. එය බැදීමෙන් මෙන්ම පිසීමෙන්ද, ආහාරයට ගත හැකි වුවත් වඩාත් ගුණදායක වන්නේ අමුවෙන් ආහාරයට ගැනීමෙනුයි. විටමින් E බහුල B-නියැසින් ප්‍රෝටීන්, යකඩ සින්ක් මැග්නීසියම් පොටෑසියම් තන්තු අසංතෘප්ත මේද ඇමයිනෝ අම්ල ආදි පෝෂක ගණනාවකින් සපිරි කොට්ටම්බා ප්‍රතිඔක්සිකාරක හා ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ ගුණවලින්ද පොහොසත්. එහි ඇති සෙලනියම් මැන්ගනිස් හා ෆැවනොයිඩ් සිරුරට හිතකර විශේෂ කාර්‍යයන් ඉටුකර දෙනවා.

ඖෂධීය ගුණ

කොට්ටම්බා, වට්ටක්කා, කජු රටකජු වැනි ඇට වර්ග ආහාරයට ගැන්මෙන් දීර්ඝායුෂ හිමිවන බව බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ආහාර සංවිධානය කළ පර්යේෂණයකින් හෙළිවී තිබෙනවා. අමෙරිකාවේ බූස්ටන් සරසවියේ පිළිකා පර්‍යේෂණාංශය වසර 20 ක් පුරා පුද්ගලයන් 119000 කගේ ජීවනරටා අධ්‍ය‍යනයෙන් කළ සොයා බැලීම්වල දී ද කොට්ටම්බා, ඇතුළු ඇට වර්ග ආහාරයෙන් දීර්ඝායුෂ ලැබෙන බව තහවුරුකර ගත්තා. ඒ අනුව දිනපතා ඇට මිට බැගින් හෝ ඊට වැඩියෙන් ආහාරයට ගත් අයගේ මරණ අනෙක් සාමාන්‍ය අයගේ මරණ අවස්ථාවන්ට වඩා පස් ගුණයක අඩුවීමක් පෙන්නුම් කළා. සතියකට වරක් පමණක් ඇට ආහාරයට ගත් අය ද එසේ නොගත් පිරිසට වඩා 7% කින් ජීවිත කාලය දිගු කරගත්තා. ඇට වර්ග, පිළිකා හා සටන් කළ හැකි සූක්ෂ්ම අණුක සහිත සෛලවලින් යුතු බව පර්යේෂකයන් පෙන්වා දුන්නා.

කොට්ටන් ඇට මෙන්ම ලෙල්ල සහිත ප්‍රදේශයත් පෝෂ්‍ය ගුණයෙන් සාරවත්. එය ප්‍රෝටීන්වලින් පොහොසත් .තන්තු සහිත කහට රස මිශ්‍ර ලෙල්ල ආශ්‍රිත මදය, රුධිරගත සීනි පාලනයට උපකාරිවනවා. එය ආහාර ජීර්ණ පද්ධතියටත් හිතකරයි. සම ඇස් දත් හදවත ආදී ශරීරාංග දිගුකලක් සුවපත්ව තැබීමේ හැකියාව කොට්ටන් සතුයි. දිනපතා ඇට ආහාරයට ගැන්මෙන් පිළිකා පමණක් නොව, හදවත් රෝග ද දියවැඩියාවද පාලනය වනවා. පිත්තාශයේ ගල් සෑදීම වළකිනවා. ස්ථූලතාව පාලනයවනවා. මනා රුධිර ධාවනයක් සිදුවන අතර කොලෙස්ටරෝල් මට්ටම පාලනය වනවා. ආඝාත අවදානමද අවමවනවා. කොට්ටන් සම රැක දෙන අතර චර්ම රෝග, ආසාදන, කුරුළෑ ලප කැළැල් දුරු කර පැහැපත් කර දෙනවා. කොට්ටන් ඇට හා අමු රෝස කැකුළු එළකිරෙන් අඹරා ගෑමෙන් සම පිරිසිදුවී සමේ වියළි බව දුරුවී පැහැපත් වන බව දේශීය වෛද්‍ය ලේඛන වල සඳහන්. ඇස්වල සුද ඇතිවීම, කල් දැමීමටත්, විවිධ ඇස් රෝග වළක්වාලීමටත් කොට්ටන්වලට හැකියි. එය දත් හා අස්ථි ද ශක්තිමත් කර දෙන්නක් වන අතර ඔස්ටියෝ පොරෝසිස් රෝග අවදානම අඩුකිරීමට දායකවනවා. හිසකෙස් වැටීම අඩුකර වර්ධනය කර දෙනවා.

කොට්ටන් බැක්ටීරියා නාශක ගුණයෙන් ද යුක්තයි. එය අජීර්ණ පළවා හරින්නක්. ප්‍රති ප්‍රදාහ ගුණ සහිත එය සන්ධි ආබාධවලට එරෙහිවද ප්‍රතිචාර දක්වන්නක්. ස්නායු පද්ධතියේ මනා ක්‍රියාකාරිත්වයට කොට්ටන් උපකාරිවනවා. එය මොළය වියපත්වීම, පමාකරමින් මතක වර්ධනය කර දෙනවා. වියපත් වීමේ දී ඇතිවන වෙව්ළිම් අසමතුලිතතා ආදිය පාලනය කිරීමට ද උපකාරිවනවා. දිනපතා තේපානයේදී එක්කරගන්නා රස කැවිලි වෙනුවට කොට්ටන් ඇට ග්‍රෑම් 30ක් පමණ එක්කරගත හැක්කේ නම් එය ශරීර සෞඛ්‍යයට ඉතා හිතකරවෙනවා.

මූලාශ්‍ර

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කොට්ටම්බා


Jeptha Brawner Duncan Guillén (20 de febrero de 1885 - 23 de agosto de 1978) fue un pedagogo y político panameño, hijo del estadounidense Bazil B. Duncan y la panameña María Teresa Guillén de Duncan. Contrajo nupcias con Luz María Román, de nacionalidad puertorriqueña.

Estudios
Estudió en una escuela primaria de la ciudad de Panamá, y la secundaria en el Worral Hall Military Academy en Peekskill, Nueva York. En 1905 el Gobierno de Panamá le otorgó una beca para que realizara sus estudios en Francia. Allí obtuvo un Bachillerato en Letras, una Licenciatura en Letras de la Universidad de La Sorbona y un postgrado de Lenguas Vivas y Literatura Extranjera.

Actividad Laboral
Ocupó el cargo de subsecretario de Instrucción Pública entre 1912 y 1914, al mismo tiempo se dedicó a la enseñanza de la literatura inglesa en el Instituto Nacional, de 1914 a 1919. Entre 1924 a 1926 fue diputado de la Asamblea Nacional por el partido liberal, miembro fundador de la Academia Panameña de la Lengua. Desde la fundación de la Universidad de Panamá en 1935, entró al sistema educativo superior, y desempeñó el cargo de Decano de la Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Educación. Entre los años de 1940 a 1942 fue Rector de la Universidad de Panamá. En 1944, el gobierno panameño lo nombró para el cargo de director de información del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores.

Presidencia
En febrero de 1945 fue nombrado Presidente de la República. La efervescencia eleccionaria de los años cuarenta llevó a un grupo de diputados a oponerse a la presidencia de Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia, en vista de su negativa a convocar a una Asamblea Nacional Constituyente o a escoger los Designados al Poder Ejecutivo (vicepresidentes como se conoce hoy en día). Hubo arrestos e intimidaciones por parte del gobierno, lo cual llevó a varios diputados a reunirse en la localidad de Chivo-Chivo, para elegir, a puertas cerradas, a dichos designados. La selección recayó en Jeptha B. Duncan, Miguel Ángel Grimaldo y Alcibíades Arosemena, como primero, segundo y tercer designados. Este nombramiento no tuvo el apoyo popular y menos de la Policía Nacional, la cual en la época influía en gran manera en la vida política del país. Este pasó a ser otro evento sin grandes repercusiones históricas
Hay que notar que durante este periodo hubo dos Presidentes de Panamá al mismo tiempo.

Otros Cargos
En ese mismo año 1945 Jeptha Duncan fue nombrado ministro plenipotenciario ante la República Dominicana. En 1946, fue miembro del Directorio Nacional del Partido Liberal, de la Unión Iberoamericana, y fue nombrado presidente del Directorio Nacional del Partido Liberal Unido de Panamá. En 1949, fue Ministro Plenipotenciario de Panamá en Haití, y embajador delegado de Panamá ante la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas en los años de 1954, 1958, 1959, 1960 y 1961.

Condecoraciones
Condecorado por Francia con la Legión de Honor en 1953
Condecorado por Italia con la Orden al Mérito de la República Italiana, en el grado de Gran Oficial. Se le rindió un homenaje público por La Academia Panameña de la Lengua el 15 de julio de 1971.

Jeptha B. Duncan forma parte del conjunto de pensadores que le dieron forma y contenido particular al liberalismo panameño en la primera mitad del . Este conjunto es formado además por:

 Carlos Antonio Mendoza Soto (1856-1916),
 Belisario Porras Barahona (1856-1942),
 Eusebio Antonio Morales Mogollón (1865-1929),
 Guillermo Andreve Icaza (1879-1940),
 José Dolores Moscote (1879-1956),
 Ricardo J. Alfaro (1882-1971),
 Octavio Méndez Pereira (1887-1954); y
 José Daniel Crespo Peña (1890-1958)

Fallecimiento
Jeptha B. Duncan falleció de causas naturales en la ciudad de Panamá el 23 de agosto de 1978 cuando tenía 92 años de edad.

Referencias

Políticos de Panamá
Alumnado de la Universidad de París

Jeptha B. Duncan


Fyrst Leopold 2. Maximilian af Anhalt-Dessau (; 25. december 1700 – 16. december 1751) var fyrste af det tyske fyrstendømme Anhalt-Dessau fra 1747 til sin død i 1751.

Eksterne links

Huset Askanien
Fyrster af Anhalt-Dessau
Personer fra Dessau
Feltmarskaller fra Preussen
Tyskere i 1700-tallet

Leopold 2. af Anhalt-Dessau


11 bölge ve yerleşim yerleri;

Christ Church (İsa Kilisesi)
 Oistins

Saint Andrew
 Greenland

Saint George
 Bulkeley

Saint James
 Holetown

Saint John
 Blackmans

Saint Joseph
 Bathsheba

Saint Lucy
 Crab Hill

Saint Michael
 Bridgetown

Saint Peter
 Speightstown

Saint Philip
 Crane

Saint Thomas
 Hillaby

Şehirler
Ülkelerine göre şehir listeleri

Barbados'taki şehirler listesi


Skakaonice su poredane prema godini završetka gradnje.

Mrkopalj
1934. u Mrkoplju po nacrtu ing. Rožmana sagrađena je prva skakaonica u Hrvatskoj. Bila je to 10-metarska skakaonica i imala je naziv "Pod Vrhin". 1936. održano je međunarodno natjecanje u skijaškim skokovima na kojem je Norvežanin Jahr skočio tada velikih 46 metara.

Sunger (Mrkopalj)
1937./1938. godine Joakim i Viktor Polić, sungerski stolari i kolari, na svom zemljištu pod "Lazićima" u Sungeru napravili su skijašku skakaonicu na kojoj se moglo skočiti do 30 m.

Skrad
U Skradu je skakaonica otvorena 9. siječnja 1939. godine na priredbi "Skradski dani". Pobjednik je bio Skrađanin Antun Mance, a skakaonica postoji i danas.

Delnice 1
Ideje o gradnji skakaonice u Delnicama javile su se već 1920-ih godina. U čari sporta Delničani i ostali Gorani uvjeriti su se mogli kada je u nedalekom Mrkoplju sagrađena skakaonica. Manje od godinu dana kasnije, 1935. Delničani su na predjelu grada zvanom Vučnik izgradili svoju prvu skakaonicu. Skakaonica je izgrađena pod rukovodstvom Maksa Jelineka, ljekarnika i predsjednika planinarsko-skijaške sekcije koja je djelovala u okviru tadašnjeg delničkog planinarskog društva. Skakonica je bila drvena građevina s koje su skakači skakali do 30 metara.

Zanimljivost je da je skakaonica bila u "punom pogonu" i većim dijelom Drugog svjetskog rata, točnije u doba talijanske okupacije Delnica. Neki od talijanskih vojnika bili su iz alpskog dijela Italije i razumjeli su se u skijaške skokove pa su voljno priređivali natjecanja na kojima je ponekad sudjelovala i domaća mladež.

Skakaonica je bila u funkciji do zime 1947. godine. Zbog dotrajalosti drvene konstrukcije tu skakaonicu nije se više moglo koristiti, a kako je do tog trenutka u Delnicama i ostalim dijelovima Gorskog kotara već bilo jako puno zaljubljenika u skijaške skokove, Delničani su počeli planirati izgradnju nove skakaonice.

Delnice 2
Najzaslužniji za realizaciju izgradnje druge skakaonice u Delnicama opet je bio Maks Jelinek. On je kontaktirao Stanka Bloudeka, koji je tada već bio slavan kao tvorac, kasnije legendarne, slovenske Planice. Izgrađena je na sjeveroistočnoj padini Japlenškog vrha i s doskočištem na gradskom nogometnom stadionu. Na mjestu današnjeg doskočišta nalazilo se brdo obraslo šumom, a lijevo od njega bila je jedna udolina te uz nju staro nogometno igralište. Bloudek je zahtijevao da se šumovito brdašce "prenese" u udolinu čime će se otvoriti prostor za doskočište i u potpunosti izravnati teren. Nova skakaonica bila je 45-metarska. Konstrukciju skakaonice postavilo je 1947. godine poduzeće Goran građevno. Početkom 1948. ta je konstrukcija pretvorena u pravu skakaonicu, očišćen je prostor pred njom i napravljeno doskočište. Prvo službeno natjecanje na toj skakaonici održano je u zimu 1948. godine. Bilo je prisutno 2000 posjetitelja.

Iz godine u godinu rastao je broj skakača i zaljubljenika u skijaške skokove. Rast broja natjecatelja posljedično je dovodio i do skakačkog usavršavanja i razvoja pa je 45-metarska skakaonica većini uskoro postala premalena. Stoga su se 1957. godine obavili rekonstrukcijski zahvati koji su je produžili na 60 metara. Na toj preuređenoj skakonici je 1958. godine održano prvenstvo Jugoslavije.

1966. godine po nacrtima slovenskog konstruktora Jaščenka 60-metarska skakaonica pretvorena je u 75-metarsku skakonicu. Posljednje natjecanje na toj skakaonici bilo je državno juniorsko prvenstvo Jugoslavije, održano je u zimu 1981. godine. Nakon toga je zaredalo nekoliko godina vrlo slabih zima pa je natjecanja bilo nemoguće održati.

Gašenje gotovo pola stoljeća duge tradicija skijaškog skakanja dovelo je i do zapuštanja skakaonice. Zaletište skakaonice je obnovljeno 2004. i obojeno u jarko crveno, kroz nekoliko radnih akcija koje su organizirale djelatnice Turističkog ureda Delnice. Koju godinu kasnije, doskočište i padinu ispod samog skok obnavljali su Hrvatske šume i dvadesetak uglavnom starijih zaljubljenika u sport, od kojih je većina i skakala na toj skakaonici pred tri desetljeća. 2006. godine, nakon dvadeset i pet godina stanke, ponovno je organizirano natjecanje skijaških skakača, Kup grada Delnica. Nastupilo je petnaestak mladih slovenskih natjecatelja. Najduži skok ostvario je Urban Zamernik, koji je sa 72,5 metra postavio novi rekord skakaonice, oborivši time rekord kojeg je Bogdan Norčić postavio 1981. godine.

Vidi
Popis skijališta u Hrvatskoj
Hrvatski skijaški savez
Velodromi u Hrvatskoj

Izvori

Hrvatska

Skijaške skakaonice u Hrvatskoj


San Lucas Tolimán («San Lucas»: en honor a su santo patrono Lucas el Evangelista; «Tolimán»: del idioma náhuatl) es un municipio del departamento de Sololá de la región sur-occidente de la República de Guatemala, localizado a orillas del Lago de Atitlán y en las faldas del Volcán Tolimán.

Durante la época colonial formó parte del corregimiento de Tecpán Atitlán, y luego de la alcaldía mayor del departamento de Sololá en 1730. Estuvo adscrito desde 1540 hasta 1754 a la «Provincia del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús» de los frailes franciscanos, y pertenecía al curato con sede en Santiago Atitlán.

Tras la Independencia de Centroamérica en 1821, estuvo en el extenso departamento de Sololá/Huehuetenango, y en 1838 fue parte del efímero Estado de Los Altos hasta que este fue reincorporado al Estado de Guatemala por el general conservador Rafael Carrera en 1840.  Luego del triunfo de la Reforma Liberal de 1871, cuando dicho departamento fue reducido considerablemente por la creación del departamento de Quiché el 12 de agosto de 1872, fue asignado al departamento de Sololá.

Desde 1960 es sede de la Misión de San Lucas Tolimán de la diócesis de New Ulm, Minnesota en los Estados Unidos, la cual desarrolla programas de educación, salud y agricultura. En el siglo , el huracán Stan azotó Guatemala como huracán de categoría I y provocó considerables daños en el municipio.

Toponimia

Existen muchas versiones del origen del nombre «Tolimán». Uno de los muchos ejemplos es que provendría de la palabra «tul» que es una planta muy propagada en el municipio, y que el nombre lo habría adoptado por el volcán Tolimán que está ubicado a orilla del lago de Atitlán.

Nombre castellano

El origen del vocablo «tolimán» es en idioma náhuatl, lo que se confirma porque existen muchos lugares que tienen el mismo nombre en México; esto se debe a que parte de las tropas que llegaron bajo el mando del español Pedro de Alvarado durante la conquista de Guatemala en la década de 1520 eran de origen mexicano.  Por otro parte, el municipio lleva el nombre de San Lucas Evangelista, ya que todos los poblados fundados por los españoles llevaron el nombre del santo del día en que fueron establecidos.

Nombre k'akch'ikel

En k'akch'ikel, «tolimán» que quiere decir «Lugar donde se cosecha Tul».  Por otra parte, la palabra «tolomán» proviene de las raíces «Tol» que quiere decir «tolteca» y «mam» que quiere decir «gobernar», y significa «Jefe de los Toltecas».

Demografía
El municipio tiene una población aproximada de 25,650 habitantes según el estudio realizado por la Universidad de San Carlos en 2006, con una densidad de 221 personas por km². Existe una porcentaje mayor de población kakchiquel que de raza ladina. Hay un total de 12,818 habitantes del sexo masculino y un total de 12,832 habitantes del sexo femenino.

Geografía física

Extensión territorial
El municipio de San Lucas Tolimán tiene una extensión territorial de 116 km².

<div align=center>
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style='font-size:0.9em' align=center width=80%
|+style="color:black;"|División administrativa de San Lucas Tolimán
|-style="color:white;" align=center
!style="background:#659ec7;"|Categoría
!style="background:#659ec7;"|Listado en 1985
!style="background:#659ec7;"|Listado en 1994
|-
!style="background:lemonchiffon;"|Cabecera municipal
|align="center" colspan=2|San Lucas Tolimán
|-
!style="background:lemonchiffon;"|Aldeas
|Pachitulul, Panimaquip
|align=center|Panimaquip
|-
!style="background:lemonchiffon;"|Caseríos
|Tzlamabaj
| Pachojilá
 Pachitulul
 Pacoc
 La Puerta
 San Martín
 Tierra Santa
 Totolyá
 Pampojilá
|-
!style="background:lemonchiffon;"|Microparcelamientos
|Pampojilá, Patzibir y Chanán
|align=center|N/A
|-
!style="background:lemonchiffon;"|Colonias
|align=center|N/A
|El Mirador y La Nueva Esperanza
|}

Clima

La cabecera de San Lucas Tolimán tiene clima tropical (Clasificación de Köppen: Aw).

Ubicación geográfica
San Lucas Tolimán se encuentra en el departamento de Sololá, a una distancia de 42 km al sur de la cabecera departamental, Sololá.  Sus colindancias son:

 Norte: San Antonio Palopó y el lago de Atitlán, en el departamento de Sololá
 Este: Pochuta y Patzún, municipios del departamento de Chimaltenango
 Oeste: Santiago Atitlán, del departamento de Sololá
 Sur: Patulul, municipio del departamento de Suchitepéquez

Gobierno municipal

Los municipios se encuentran regulados en diversas leyes de la República, que establecen su forma de organización, lo relativo a la conformación de sus órganos administrativos y los tributos destinados para los mismos.  Aunque se trata de entidades autónomas, se encuentran sujetas a la legislación nacional. Las principales leyes que rigen a los municipios en Guatemala desde 1985 son:

El gobierno de los municipios de Guatemala está a cargo de un Concejo Municipal mientras que el código municipal —que tiene carácter de ley ordinaria y contiene disposiciones que se aplican a todos los municipios de Guatemala— establece que «el concejo municipal es el órgano colegiado superior de deliberación y de decisión de los asuntos municipales […] y tiene su sede en la circunscripción de la cabecera municipal». Por último, el artículo 33 del mencionado código establece que «[le] corresponde con exclusividad al concejo municipal el ejercicio del gobierno del municipio».

El concejo municipal se integra con el alcalde, los síndicos y concejales, electos directamente por sufragio universal y secreto para un período de cuatro años, pudiendo ser reelectos.

Existen también las Alcaldías Auxiliares, los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo (COCODE), el Comité Municipal del Desarrollo (COMUDE), las asociaciones culturales y las comisiones de trabajo. Los alcaldes auxiliares son elegidos por las comunidades de acuerdo a sus principios, valores, procedimientos y tradiciones, estos se reúnen con el alcalde municipal el primer domingo de cada mes. Los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo y el Consejo Municipal de Desarrollo tiene como función organizar y facilitar la participación de las comunidades priorizando necesidades y problemas.

Los alcaldes que ha habido en el municipio son:

Historia

Los primeros pobladores que habitaron el municipio fueron de raza kakchiquel y llegaron en el  alrededor del año 1540 cuando fue fundado.

La información más antigua que se tiene del poblado que es ahora la cabecera municipal, fue la escribió el primer alcalde Juan de Estrada en 1579, cuarenta años después de la Conquista de Guatemala.

Época colonial

En la época colonial formó parte del corregimiento de Tecpán Atitlán, y cuando dicho corregimiento se convirtió en la alcaldía mayor del departamento de Sololá en 1730, San Lucas Tolimán formó parte de dicha alcaldía, como se encontró en documentos de 1749. Estuvo adscrito desde 1540 hasta 1754 a la «Provincia del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús» de los frailes franciscanos en Guatemala, y pertenecía al curato con sede en Santiago Atitlán.  Se tiene otra referencias procedente de 1586, por el fraile franciscano Alonso Ponce quien lo menciona como un "pueblecito" de visita.

Diariamente, tanto en Santiago Atitlán como en los pueblos de visita de las doctrinas —como San Lucas Tolimán—, se impartía doctrina a las niñas a partir de los seis años de edad a las dos de la tarde y, al ocaso, a los niños de la misma edad para que durante dos horas recibieran la instrucción cristiana.  La enseñanza consistía en recitar toda la doctrina y oraciones y hacer ejercicios con las preguntas del catecismo y estaba a cargo del doctrinero y de dos indios ancianos, llamados fiscales, en caso el doctrinero no pudiera asistir.  A los adultos se les atendía los domingos y días festivos, luego de la misa; se cerraban las puertas de la iglesia, y se rezaban todas las oraciones de la doctrina cristiana en idioma de la localidad, con todo el pueblo, hombres y mujeres.  La Cuaresma era una época en que se preparaba a los indígenas a la confesión y comunión anual obligatorias, predicándoles en idioma materno. Todos los domingos de Cuaresma se les predicaba en idioma materno, disponiéndoles a la confesión.

En 1754 los franciscanos tuvieron que entregar sus doctrinas al clero secular y en 1770, cuando el arzobispo Pedro Cortés y Larraz llegó al país y recorrió su diócesis, describió a la localidad como la «parroquia de San Francisco Panajachel».

Tras la Independencia de Centroamérica

Tras la Independencia de Centroamérica según el Decreto del 11 de octubre de 1825 del Estado de Guatemala, el poblado fue asignado al Circuito de Atitlán, en el Distrito N.º 11 {Suchitepéquez) para la impartición de justicia; junto a Tolimán estaban en ese distrito Atitlán, San Marcos, San Pedro La Laguna, Santa Clara, la Visitación, San Pablo, San Miguelito, San Juan de los Leprosos y Santa Bárbara de La Costilla y La Grande.

El efímero Estado de Los Altos

A partir del 3 de abril de 1838, San Lucas Tolimán fue parte de la región que formó el efímero Estado de Los Altos y que forzó a que el Estado de Guatemala se reorganizara en siete departamentos y dos distritos independientes el 12 de septiembre de 1839:

 Departamentos: Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, Escuintla, Guatemala, Mita, Sacatepéquez, y Verapaz
 Distritos: Izabal y Petén

La región occidental de la actual Guatemala había mostrado intenciones de obtener mayor autonomía con respecto a las autoridades de la ciudad de Guatemala desde la época colonial, pues los criollos de la localidad consideraban que los criollos capitalinos que tenían el monopolio comercial con España no les daban un trato justo.  Pero este intento de secesión fue aplastado por el general Rafael Carrera, quien reintegró al Estado de Los Altos al Estado de Guatemala en 1840.

Fundación del municipio

El poblado fue categorizado como municipio el 2 de septiembre de 1877, durante el gobierno liberal del general Justo Rufino Barrios.

Tras la Reforma Liberal de 1871

Luego de la Reforma Liberal de 1871, el presidente de facto provisiorio Miguel García Granados dispuso crear el departamento de Quiché para mejorar la administración territorial de la República dada la enorme extensión del territorio de Totonicapán y de Sololá. De esta cuenta, el 12 de agosto de 1872 el departamento de Sololá perdió sus distritos de la Sierra y de Quiché y se vio reducido únicamente a los poblados de Tolimán, villa de Sololá, San José Chacallá, Panajachel, Concepción, San Jorge, San Andrés Semetabaj, Santa Lucía Utatlán, Santa Cruz, Santa Bárbara, San Juan de los Leprosos, Visitación, San Pedro, San Juan, San Pablo, San Marcos, Santa Clara, Atitlán, San Antonio Palopó, Santa Catarina Palopó y Patulul.

Demarcación política de Guatemala de 1902

En 1902, el gobierno del licenciado Manuel Estrada Cabrera publicó la Demarcación Política de la República, y en ella se describe a San Lucas Tolimán así: «su cabecera es el pueblo del mismo nombre, a 36 km de Sololá, ocupa un área de 66 y media caballerías.  En unos puntos el clima es frío, en oros templado y en otros caliente.  Las producciones agrícolas principales son: café, caña de azúcar, maíz y frijol.  La industria principal consisste en tejidos de algodón y lana. Sus límites son: al Norte, el de San Antonio Palopó; al Sur, el de Patulul; al Oreiente, el de Patzum; y al Occidente, el de Atitlán».

Misión de San Lucas Tolimán en 1960

En la década de 1960, se fundó en el municipio la Misión de San Lucas Tolimán, regida por la diócesis de New Ulm, Minnesota en los Estados Unidos que es sufragante de la diócesis de Minneapolis en el mismo estado.  La diócesis ha sido responsable de iniciar programas de educación, salud y agricultura, incluyendo parcelas de tres hectáreas de tierra que se entregaron a cada una de cuatro mil familias, el establecimiento de una clínica médica y el inicio de un plan de café a precio justo.

: tormenta Stan

El huracán Stan, azotó Guatemala como huracán de categoría I en los primeros días de octubre de 2005 y causó daños y pérdidas al país por unos mil millones de dólares, según un estudio de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). De acuerdo al informe, el huracán afectó directamente a catorce de los veintidós departamentos de Guatemala; además, provocó seiscientos setenta muertos, ochocientos cincuenta desaparecidos y tres millones y medio de damnificados.

Las lluvias continuas pusieron al descubierto el desastre medioambiental de Guatemala: las deforestadas montañas no soportaron los bolsones agua y humedad que en esos días se formaron provocando derrumbes y deslaves. La mayoría de los ríos que brotan en las depredadas montañas de la bocacosta, con sus cuencas casi sin vegetación y la pérdida de profundidad en sus causes, provocó que se desbordaran e inundaran amplias regiones cultivadas y decenas de comunidades rurales y cabeceras municipales en la franja costera del país. En la altiplanicie central y occidental, capas y pliegues de cerros y volcanes se derrumbaron destruyendo cientos de viviendas y la tragedia humana. De la parte alta de la cuenca del lago de Atitlán, los deslaves fueron continuos, arrastrando lodo, piedras, rocas y arena. El lago, que normalmente recibe las aguas negras de doce cabeceras municipales, fue inundado con un gran volumen de desechos que flotaron durante varios días.

Véase también

 Aeropuerto Internacional La Aurora
 Elecciones municipales de Guatemala de 2015
 Historia Territorial de Guatemala
 Organización territorial de Guatemala

Notas y referencias

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 San Lucas Mission
 Visite San Lucas Tolimán, Sololá

Doctrinas coloniales de los franciscanos en Guatemala
Municipios de Sololá
Patronazgo de San Lucas
Poblados del extinguido Estado de Los Altos
Toponimia náhuatl de Guatemala

San Lucas Tolimán


Juraj Radojević zvani Gizdelin (17. st. ), hrvatski pisac, pučki pjesnik i ratnik iz Sarajeva.

Rodom je od kneževskoga roda Radojevića od Olova, koje spominje i A. K. Miošić. Jurjevi su predci izbjegli pred osmanskim osvajačima u južne hrvatske krajeve pod mletačkom vlašću. Nastanili su se u Žrnovnici kraj Splita. Malo je poznato o njemu, a o Radojeviću su pisali Vodnik, Šime Urlić (Juraj Gizdelin imenovan vojvoda g. 1655. U: Građa za povijest književnosti hrvatske. Knj. 9(1920). - str. 196-199.) i Prohaska. U novije vrijeme proučavali su ga don Rozario Šutrin, Vanda Babić i Sanja Knežević.

Pisao je štokavskim narječjem hrvatskog jezika. Svoj je jezik izrijekom nazvao hrvatskim. Po junačkim je spjevovima prethodnik Andrije Kačića Miošića. Djela mu se zasnivaju na povijesnoj literaturi Maura Orbinija. Spada u krug hrvatskih domoljubnih pisaca koji su tijekom 17. stoljeća širili domoljubni duh među hrvatskim pukom.

Bio je pučki pjesnik. Pjesnički stil mu je barokni. Literarno je skromno pridonio hrvatskoj književnosti, malo se zna o njemu, pa zato često i nije u hrvatskim leksikonima. Ali je hrvatskim književnim povjesničarima skrenuo pozornost na se kao zanimljiv primjerak pučkog stvarateljstva najburnijim godinama hrvatske povijesti kad se oslobađanje od Turaka kao tema isprepletalo s apsolutističkom habsburškom politikom i katoličkom obnovom te s razvijanjem sveslavenskih ideja u kontekstu hrvatske barokne knjiżevnosti. U Padovi su mu tiskane dvije knjige Okolišenje i uzetie grada Budima (1686. i 1743.) i Skazanje vazetja lipoga Biograda (1688.). Posvetio je u djelima pozornost glagoljici, naglašavajući njenu važnost kao nezaobilazne hrvatske obrazovne sastavnice.

Nazivao se "vojvodom" i "knezom Bosne". 1686. je u Mletcima objavio dugu poemu o opsadi Budima 1686. i pobjedi cara Leopolda I. nad Osmanlijama. Na glasu kao dobar ratnik, privrežen domovini, porobljenomu rodnomu kraju, njegovoj kulturi i tradiciji.

Izvori

Hrvatski pisci iz Bosne i Hercegovine
Hrvatski pjesnici iz Bosne i Hercegovine

Juraj Radojević


Purwasaba este un sat din Indonezia. Are o populație de  locuitori.

Școli
 SDN 1 Purwasaba
 SDN 2 Purwasaba
 SDN 3 Purwasaba
 SDN 4 Purwasaba
 MI Al-Hidayah Purwasaba
 SMP Negeri 2 Mandiraja
 MTs Al-Hidayah Purwasaba

Localități din Indonezia

Purwasaba


Joel González Bonilla (* 30. September 1989 in Figueres) ist ein spanischer Taekwondoin. Er startet in der Gewichtsklasse bis 68 Kilogramm.

González stieß im Jahr 2009 in die Weltspitze vor. Er wurde in Vigo Junioreneuropameister und überraschte später auch im Erwachsenenbereich, als er bei der Weltmeisterschaft in Kopenhagen mit einem Finalsieg über Damián Villa den WM-Titel gewann. Im folgenden Jahr konnte er dann auch bei der Europameisterschaft in Sankt Petersburg den Titel gewinnen. Bei der Weltmeisterschaft 2011 in Gyeongju und der Europameisterschaft 2012 in Manchester konnte González seine Vormachtstellung im Fliegengewicht fortsetzen und verteidigte seine Titel jeweils erfolgreich.

González erreichte im Januar 2012 beim europäischen Olympiaqualifikationsturnier in Kasan in der Gewichtsklasse bis 58 Kilogramm das Finale und qualifizierte sich für die Olympischen Spiele 2012 in London. Im Mai 2012 wurde bekannt, dass González als einer der ersten Taekwondoin einen Sponsorenvertrag mit Nike eingehen konnte. In London gelang ihm mit dem Gewinn der olympischen Goldmedaille der größte Erfolg seiner Karriere, wobei er im Finale Lee Dae-hoon bezwang. 2016 gewann er bei den Olympischen Spielen in Rio de Janeiro eine Bronzemedaille mit einem Sieg über den Venezolaner Edgar Contreras.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Taekwondoin (Spanien)
Olympiasieger (Taekwondo)
Weltmeister (Taekwondo)
Europameister (Taekwondo)
Olympiateilnehmer (Spanien)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2012
Teilnehmer an den Europaspielen (Spanien)
Teilnehmer der Europaspiele 2015
Universiadeteilnehmer (Spanien)
Teilnehmer der Sommer-Universiade 2015
Spanier
Geboren 1989
Mann

Joel González


Trædal ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Kjetil Trædal Thorsen (* 1958), norwegischer Architekt
 Nils Trædal (1879–1948), norwegischer Priester und Politiker der Bauernpartei

Trædal


سيلاس هو شخصية خيالية ظهرت في رواية دان براون الشهيرة الصادرة عام 2003 شيفرة دافنتشي وفي الفيلم المعتمد عليها الذي تم إنتاجه عام 2006. جسد شخصيته على الشاشة كبيرا الممثل بول بيتاني Paul Bettany وجسدها في مرحلة الطفولة هيو ميتشل Hugh Mitchell. هو راهب شاحب البشرة من النوع الذي يسمونه عدو الشمس "البينو"، وهو عضو في منظمة كاثوليكية اسمها أوبوس داي Opus Dei، يمارس سيلاس أنواع عديدة من التعذيب الذاتي التطهري، فهو يشاهد وهو يعذب نفسه بالخطاطيف المعدنية ويجلد نفسه خلال أحداث الخط الدرامي للقصة.. يبلغ من العمر حوالي اربعين عاما.

مصادر

أساقفة في الإمبراطورية الرومانية في القرن 1
أساقفة في القرن 1
أساقفة في اليونان في القرن 1
الرسل السبعون
سنة الولادة غير معروفة
شخصيات رسائل بولس
شخصيات شيفرة دا فينشي
قديسون أنجليكانيون
قديسون مسيحيون من العهد الجديد
وفيات القرن 1

سيلاس (شيفرة دافنتشي)


Windows Millennium Edition ya da bilinen adıyla Windows ME,  Microsoft tarafından üretilen işletim sistemi ailesi Windows'un MS-DOS üzerinde yükselen altıncı ve son ana sürümüdür. 14 Eylül 2000 tarihinde piyasaya sürülmüştür. 16-bit/32-bit işletim sistemidir. Microsoft Windows ailesinin NT çekirdekli olmayan son temsilcisidir. Windows 98 sürümünün eksiklerini tamamlamak, ev ortamında kullanmak için geliştirilmiştir. Internet Explorer 5.5, Windows Media Player 7 ve yeni Windows Movie Maker gibi programları içermektedir. Ayrıca Microsoft, bunun yanında grafiksel kullanıcı arayüzünü güncellemiştir.
Windows Me diğer Windows sürümlerine oranla daha az bir raf ömrüne sahip olmuştur. Nedeni ise 2001 yılında çıkan Windows XP ile aynı özelliklere sahipti ve Microsoft'un Windows XP'yi pazarlama politikası Windows Me'ye göre daha ağır basmıştır. Kısa zaman içinde Windows Me, Windows NT tabanlı Windows XP sürümü ile yer değiştirmiştir.

Windows Me, Windows 9x versiyonlarının devamıdır, fakat normal modda MS-DOS'a ulaşım sistem başlangıcını hızlandırmak için sınırlandırılmıştır.

Yenilikleri
Windows ME'nin ondan önce çıkan Windows serilerinden farkları:

 Son kullanıcıya hitap eden yeni yazılımlar eklendi.
 Windows Movie Maker
 Windows Media Player 7.0
 Sistem Geri Yükleme özelliği ilk kez bu sürümde kendine yer buldu.
 System File Protection Sistem Dosya Koruması isimli ve sistemin kalbini oluşturan dosyaların güvenliğini sağlayan bir yazılımcık eklendi.
 PnP desteği geliştirildi ve Universal Plug and Play yani UPnP desteği sağlandı.
 Otomatik güncelleştirme eklendi.
 Dahili ZIP sıkıştırma hizmeti eklendi.
 İnternet oyunları eklendi.
 Active Directory destekleyen ilk işletim sistemi oldu.
 Windows Tanıtım Turu olan ilk işletim sistemi oldu.
 Yardım ve Destek olan ilk işletim sistemidir.

Destek
Windows Millennium Edition versiyonunun 31 Aralık 2004 tarihinde desteğin kesilmesi planlanmıştı fakat Microsoft kullanıcılara XP sürümüne geçmeleri için zaman vermek istedi ve genişletilmiş destek 11 Temmuz 2006 yılına kadar devam etti. Çıkışından bir sene sonra Windows XP çıktığı için daha fazla yayılamamıştır nedeni ise 2001 yılında çıkan Windows XP ile aynı özelliklere sahipti ama Windows XP'nin pazarlama politikaları Windows Me'ye göre daha ağır bastı. Aynı yılda çıkan Windows 2000 sürümü 2010 yılına kadar genişletilmiş destek görürken Windows Me 2006 yılına kadar genişletilmiş destek görmüştür.

Sistem gereksinimleri
 150 MHz Intel Pentium veya dengi işlemci (Intel Pentium II 300 MHz önerilir.)
 320 MB boş sabit disk alanı (2 GB önerilir.)
 32 MB RAM (96 MB önerilir.)

Me
İşletim sistemleri eleştiri
2000 yazılımları

Windows Me