Kimberley John Hughes (born 26 January 1954) is a former cricketer who played for Western Australia, Natal and Australia. He captained Australia in 28 Test matches between 1979 and 1984 before captaining a rebel Australian team in a tour of South Africa, a country which at the time was subject to a sporting boycott opposing apartheid.

A right-handed batsman, Hughes was seen to possess an orthodox and attractive batting style. He was identified as a potential Test cricketer from an early age, but his impetuous style of batting, and personality clashes with influential teammates and opponents such as Dennis Lillee and Rod Marsh, saw a later introduction to first-class and Test cricket than anticipated. During the split between the establishment Australian Cricket Board and the breakaway World Series Cricket, Hughes stayed with the establishment.

Hughes' captaincy record with Australia was hindered by a succession of matches being played away from home (just eight of his 28 Tests while captain were played in Australia) and the necessity to rebuild an inexperienced team after the frequent absence, and later the retirement, of several senior players. Placed under extreme pressure by the media and former teammates during a series of losses to the then dominant cricket team in the world, West Indies, Hughes resigned from the captaincy, making an emotional and tearful speech. He finished his career playing cricket in South Africa.

After his playing career, Hughes for a time acted as the chairman of selectors for the Western Australian Cricket Association, and is an occasional commentator for ABC Radio's cricket coverage.

Early life
Hughes was born on 26 January 1954, at Margaret River, Western Australia, the first child of father Stan, a school teacher, and mother Ruth. The Hughes family lived in nearby Kudardup, where Stan was in charge of the one-teacher school. Stan's profession would take the Hughes family across much of the south-west of Western Australia, including postings at Ballidu, Pinjarra and Geraldton. The Hughes family settled in the Geraldton suburb of Wonthella and Hughes attended the local Allendale Primary School, where his father was the headmaster.

In Geraldton, the young Hughes played a variety of sports, including hockey, tennis and especially Australian rules football. His boyhood hero was Austin Robertson, Jr. who played for Subiaco Football Club, the club that Hughes' father had played for as a young man. His first organised cricket was as an 11-year old, filling in for the Bluff Point Cricket Club under-16 side. Aged 11, he was selected for a Geraldton under-16 representative side to compete in the junior "Country Week" tournament in the state capital of Perth, where his teammates included Geoff Gallop, later Premier of Western Australia. He was selected in the Geraldton Country Week team again the following year. It was at this tournament that Hughes' performances playing against much older boys saw him come to the attention of cricket administrators.

After Hughes finished primary school, the family moved to Perth. Hughes attended City Beach High School and played cricket for the Floreat Park (now Floreat) Under-16 side. In his final season at junior level Hughes scored 555 runs at an average of 46 and took 28 wickets at an average of 6, and was included in the Western Australia Colts squad. The next season, aged 15, Hughes made his first grade debut for Subiaco-Floreat Cricket Club, captained by former Test player Des Hoare; Hughes made 36 runs. In January 1970, Hughes was selected to play for Western Australia in the national under-19 carnival. His captain, Ric Charlesworth, later described Hughes as "the most gifted junior cricketer I ever saw. No one else comes close." Later that season Hughes made his first century in first grade cricket, against Midland-Guildford; he finished the season topping the club batting averages.

Cricket career

Club cricket and first-class debut

After only nine first grade games, in 1970–71 Hughes was included in the Western Australian Sheffield Shield squad. Described at the time by Test wicket-keeper Rod Marsh as "a technically perfect batsman", the Perth press speculated he might even make his first-class cricket debut later that season. Instead, Hughes suffered from the "second-year blues" and struggled for runs, averaging only 23 for the season. He was unable to break out of the slump for the next two seasons, finding himself out of the state squad. During this time he managed to retain selection in the state colts team, in one match against the Victorian colts scoring a dashing 97 before being caught on the boundary attempting to make his century from a six. It would be four years after his maiden first grade century that Hughes would make his second, against North Perth.

In 1973–74, Hughes was called up to the Western Australian squad. He acted as twelfth man in three successive matches, but was unable to break into the playing XI due to the strong Western Australian batting line-up. Impatient to play at first-class level, Hughes left for Adelaide mid-season to try his luck at gaining selection for South Australia, whose batting was not as strong. He played for East Torrens Cricket Club and awaited an invitation to play for South Australia; he was not even invited to train with the state squad. His South Australian experiment unsuccessful, Hughes—disappointed and homesick—returned to Western Australia.

Hughes was captain-coach of North Perth Cricket Club for the 1975–76 season. He finally broke into the Western Australian team in November 1975, making his first-class debut against New South Wales at the WACA Ground. In an innings described by New South Wales bowler Dave Hourn as the "best and most dynamic innings" he had seen in first-class cricket, Hughes continually stepped down the pitch to hit the bowling, even to the pace bowling of Len Pascoe. He was dismissed for 119, ending a partnership of 205 runs with Rob Langer. He was the fifth Western Australian batsman to make a century on first-class debut for the state. Later that season, Hughes scored a second century, against Clive Lloyd's touring West Indians. In his first season for Western Australia, Hughes made 494 runs at an average of 32.93.

In the winter of 1976, Hughes played as a professional for Watsonians Cricket Club, a team based around former students of George Watson's College in Edinburgh. Hughes would later call this period "possibly the best six months of my life."

Test debut
Playing for Western Australia against the touring Pakistan team in December 1976, Hughes made 137 runs from only 167 balls, making a claim to the attention of the national selectors. The Australian reported that "[r]arely has a batsman of his limited experience been seen in a more majestic performance". A few weeks later, Hughes was called up as twelfth man for Australia in the New Year's Test match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG). Substituting on the field for Ian Davis, he injured his shoulder attempting to catch Imran Khan. Missing the rest of the Pakistan matches, Hughes was included in the Australian team to tour New Zealand. Hughes, again suffering from homesickness, did not play in either of the two Tests.

Four weeks after marrying his girlfriend, Hughes left for England as a member of the 1977 Australian team. The tour was an unhappy one for the Australian team, losing the series three Tests to nil to England and the embryonic World Series Cricket concept caused rifts between the team members. Hughes did not play much cricket early in the tour; Wisden Cricketers' Almanack saying that he was "kept in such idleness that [he] might have claimed restraint of trade." He was selected to make his Test debut in the fifth Test, after the series had already been decided. Hughes, bitter about his treatment by the tour selectors, was unhappy. Hughes told a reporter congratulating him about his upcoming Test debut "Those pricks, know they have made me part of their failure". In an uncharacteristic performance, Hughes faced thirty-four deliveries before he made his first run. It was the only run he made that innings, before he was dismissed by Mike Hendrick. Hughes' teammate Geoff Dymock later said, "They threw [Hughes] to the wolves."

World Series Cricket years
World Series Cricket (WSC) divided the Australian team into two camps; those who had signed lucrative contracts with Kerry Packer's rebel group and those, like Hughes, who had remained with the establishment Australian Cricket Board (ACB). Hughes' boyhood idol, Austin Robertson Jr, acted as Packer's agent, signing players to the new cricket venture, eventually signing 13 of the 17 players who toured England; Hughes was a notable omission. Robertson claims that he did not approach Hughes about a WSC contract; Hughes claims that he was approached but indicated his unwillingness. In September 1977, Hughes made clear his attachment to traditional cricket in a statement.

The first season of the divide saw the ACB bring the 41-year-old Bob Simpson out of retirement to captain the Australians against the touring Indians. Hughes fell one run short of a century against the tourists for Western Australia, but missed out on selection for the first Test at the Gabba in Brisbane; instead he was named as twelfth man. Hughes was chosen for the second Test at the WACA Ground in Perth, where he made 28 in the first innings and a duck in the second. He was omitted for the third Test in Melbourne, but returned for the fourth Test in Sydney. At the Sydney Cricket Ground Hughes made 17 and 19, with Bishan Bedi dismissing him on both occasions. Again, Hughes was left out of the Australian team; at this stage he had not played two Test matches consecutively.

Hughes travelled to the Caribbean as a member of the Australian cricket team to play the West Indies in 1978. During the first match on tour against the Leeward Islands at Basseterre, Saint Kitts, Hughes suffered from appendicitis and had his appendix removed. The wound became infected and Hughes had to beg team management to be allowed to remain on the tour. Despite his later recovery, he did not play any of the Tests; his personality and attitude to the game did not meet with the approval of the captain, Simpson. A reporter wrote at the time, "Kim Hughes is the most frustrated, disillusioned young man in the West Indies today and with good reason. [...] Never, at any stage, has Simpson considered Hughes a Test prospect."

Mike Brearley led his English team to Australia in 1978–79 on the back of his victory over the Greg Chappell-led Australians in 1977. With Simpson standing down from international cricket, Graham Yallop was the new Australian captain, leading an inexperienced Australian team, with only Gary Cosier having played over 10 Tests before the series began; Hughes had only played three Tests. The Australians were no match for the experienced England team, losing the series and the Ashes five Tests to one. Playing in all six Tests, Hughes scored 345 runs at an average of 28.75; only Yallop scored more runs in what was a poor batting performance by Australia. Hughes' only century came in the first Test at Brisbane. Having been bowled out for 116, in their first innings, Australia had lost three wickets for only 49 runs (49/3) in the second innings when Hughes joined Yallop at the crease. Yallop and Hughes scored 170 runs in partnership before Yallop was dismissed for 102. Hughes continued on and was the last Australian wicket to fall, top-scoring with 129, his maiden Test century. While England won the match by seven wickets, Hughes and Yallop at least made the Australian effort look respectable.

A young captain
With the Ashes series played and lost, Australia hosted Pakistan for a two-Test series at the end of the Australian 1978–79 season. Pakistan won the first Test by 71 runs after Sarfraz Nawaz took an incredible seven wickets for only one run in the Australian second innings. Before the second Test, Yallop tore his calf muscle playing for Richmond—his club side—and had to withdraw from the Australian team. Hughes, playing only his eleventh Test, was named as Australian captain; the first Western Australian to lead the national team.

Hughes took to the leadership role with enthusiasm, boasting of a "new era". Bowling in the nets before the start of the third day's play, Hughes rolled his ankle and was not able to take his place in the field. While he sat in the dressing room, the Australian team, desperate to end Pakistan's ten-wicket partnership, "Mankaded" (ie, run out the batsman at the non-striker's end in lieu of proceeding to bowl the ball) Sikander Bakht. During Australia's second innings, Andrew Hilditch picked up the ball after a return from a fieldsman and, in an attempt to be helpful, handed it to Sarfraz. Sarfraz appealed for a handling the ball dismissal, and Hilditch was given out by umpire Tony Crafter. While within the laws of the game, both dismissals were generally seen as unsportsmanlike. Hughes said of his own team's actions, "It was just part of cricket" while condemning the actions of Sarfraz: "It just wasn't cricket". In the end, Australia won the second Test and tied the series one Test apiece. Hughes had started his Australian captaincy with a win.

His success in his one Test in charge saw Hughes appointed as captain of the Australian team for the 1979 Cricket World Cup to be held in England. The Australian team was not expected to do well and lived up to those low expectations by not making the semi-finals. A Test series in India was next for Hughes and his team. In a rain-affected series, Australia was unable to win a match, losing two and drawing another four. However, Wisden had praise for Hughes, remarking that there "was a marked development in Hughes's technique of playing spin bowling" and that "the heavy burden of captaincy had no adverse effect on his batting". His best performance was in the first Test at Chennai (then called Madras), where he scored exactly 100 runs in the first innings, batting in a responsible fashion. Over the series, Hughes topped the aggregate and the averages for Australia, scoring 594 runs at an average of 59.40.

Reunification

In 1979, World Series Cricket and the Australian Cricket Board agreed to the reunification of the Australian team. Hughes—along with the other establishment players—now had to compete with the returning WSC players, not only for spots in the Australian team, but also for spots in their respective state teams as well. Many experts in the press did not include Hughes in a full-strength Australian squad and former Australian captain and Packer player, Ian Chappell agreed saying, "Frankly, I can't even see a spot in the [Australian] squad for Hughes" Ultimately Hughes was included in the Australian squad, but was now vice-captain, with Greg Chappell—the captain before the split—restored to this position.

England and the West Indies both toured Australia in 1979–80. Hughes started the summer well, making 139 not out in the first Test against a West Indian line-up including bowlers such as Andy Roberts, Michael Holding and Joel Garner. He hit 18 boundaries that innings, 10 of them from the hook shot. The next Test, against England in Perth, Hughes was out one run short of his century, attempting to hit Derek Underwood out of the ground. A short tour to play Pakistan followed in February 1980, where Hughes made 182 runs in the three-Test series, averaging 36.40.

The Centenary Test at Lord's Cricket Ground in August 1980 was a triumph for Hughes. Much of the first three days' play was lost due to bad weather but in that time Hughes played what Wisden would describe as "two innings of the highest quality." Hughes scored a century in the first innings, 117 runs including 14 fours and 3 sixes. His second innings only totalled 84 runs before he was dismissed by Ian Botham. It was this innings, however, that was seen as his most brilliant of the match. His 84 runs included 11 fours and 2 sixes, one of which struck the top deck of the pavilion; Hughes having stepped down the pitch to hit Chris Old back over his head. Former England captain Gubby Allen could not recall a more remarkable straight hit. Cricket writer RS Whitington had to cast his mind back more than 40 years to describe Hughes' batting as "the nearest approach to Stan McCabe in full flurry". The Test was drawn and Hughes was given the Man of the Match award, having batted on each of the five days of the match. His performance in the Centenary Test saw him named as one of the 1981 Wisden Cricketers of the Year.

Hughes struggled against New Zealand in 1980–81, making only 102 runs at an average of 27.25 in three Tests. Rumours about Hughes' selection prospects again began to circulate. While Hughes was batting in the traditional Australia Day Test in Adelaide, this time against India, later that summer, his nemesis Ian Chappell opined on the airwaves that "Hughes really does need to build up a big score here. People are starting to talk about him being dropped." In seeming response to this criticism, Hughes scored a double-century; 213 runs including 21 boundaries. A "magnificent innings" Wisden declared, adding that Hughes' batting "touched the heights" and that "[w]ith brilliant footwork, he scored freely off the spinners." Hughes dedicated his innings to his newborn twin sons, Sean and Simon.

On-again, off-again skipper

In 1981, Australia was scheduled to tour England to play for the Ashes. Before the squad was selected, Greg Chappell announced that he would not be leading the Australian team, citing business and family reasons. In his absence, the Australian Cricket Board turned to Hughes as captain. The Australian team arrived in England in May and was greeted by rain, leaving them short of needed match practice. Nevertheless, Hughes and his team unexpectedly won the preliminary One Day International series. The first Test was played at Trent Bridge in Nottingham. Australia won the low scoring and rain affected match by six wickets, after Hughes had taken the opportunity to put England into bat after winning the toss. Australia then had the best of a drawn match in the second Test at Lord's. After making a pair in this match, Ian Botham resigned his position as captain of England.

The third Test of the series was played at Headingley in Leeds. Hughes' Australians had the better of the early part of the match. Batting first, Australia made 401 runs; with Hughes contributing 89 of them. In response England only scored 174 runs and Hughes enforced the follow-on (forced to take its second batting innings immediately after its first). England were reduced to 135/7 in their second innings and the on-ground bookmakers decided to offer odds of 500–1 on an England victory. Ian Botham and Bob Willis turned the match on its head. In an extraordinary innings Botham made 149 runs, allowing England to set a target of 130 runs for Australia to win. Willis then took eight wickets for only 43 runs as Australia were all out for 111. Hughes and his Australian team had lost the match from what should have been an unbeatable position. Later, explaining what had happened, Hughes said "Botham rode his luck and we couldn't get him out. [...] In the first innings they missed catches—even Botham and [David] Gower missed them—but in the second they held everything. I'd seen Bob Willis bowl just as well at other times and not take nearly as many wickets." Australia lost the fourth Test at Edgbaston in Birmingham. This time, requiring only 151 runs to win the match, Australia reached 105/4 and seemed certain to win the match. Again, it was Botham who turned the match around, capturing 5 wickets in the space of 28 deliveries while only conceding one run. In the final Test of the series, Hughes chose to shepherd the strike to protect his partner Yallop, who was a specialist batsman. This action, something normally only done for poor, tail-end batsmen, humiliated Yallop. England won the series three Tests to one and retained the Ashes. The series was later known as "Botham's summer."

With Chappell again available, Hughes returned to the vice-captaincy for the 1981–82 Tests. Australia played Pakistan first in an ill-tempered three Test series; won by the Australians two Tests to one. Hughes started the series with a century (106) in the first Test in Perth and finished the series having scored 193 runs overall. The other touring side that summer were the West Indies, widely considered the best team in the world at that time and supported by a potent fast bowling attack. The first Test in the series was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Both teams were critical of the pitch prepared at the MCG for the Test.  Australia were quickly reduced to 26/4 before Hughes started his effort to recover the Australian innings. Hughes decided to attack the West Indian bowling. In an interview later he said "that to hang around and defend was going to be a waste of time ... So I thought what I could do was try to play as many shots as possible." When the ninth wicket fell, Hughes had made 71 and it appeared a century was out of reach. Hughes' remaining batting partner, Alderman, was a poor batsman; it had taken him nine matches to make his first first-class run. Alderman, despite telling Hughes that he didn't give himself much chance, managed to stay with Hughes long enough for Hughes to reach 100 runs. Hughes' innings was widely praised. West Indian Andy Roberts said "He took up the challenge and it paid off for him. It was a great innings. You don't find one batsman playing that sort of innings on more than one occasion. That was just his day." The Wisden 100, a ranking of the Top 100 Test Innings of all time, ranked that innings as number nine.

Last days of the Chappell era
In three Tests, Hughes scored only 29 runs on tour in New Zealand in March 1982. Greg Chappell withdrew from the Australian team to tour Pakistan in 1982, along with Dennis Lillee and Len Pascoe. The fourteen Australian Cricket Board delegates met in March to decide on an interim captain for the tour, with the two candidates Hughes and Rod Marsh. Hughes narrowly won the vote, 8 votes to 6. Marsh was offered the vice-captaincy, which he declined. Marsh later withdrew from the tour as a result of his son's illness. It was a difficult tour for Hughes' Australians. All members of the touring squad suffered from illness at one stage and at one stage Hughes threatened to take his team back to Australia after several Australian fielders were hit by projectiles thrown from the stands. Intelligent bowling by Pakistan's Abdul Qadir combined with poor fielding and lack of depth in Australia's batting saw Pakistan defeat Australia three Tests to nil.

Hughes had hoped to retain the captaincy for the Ashes series in 1982–83, but the ACB chose to restore Chappell to his former position. Hughes' demotion did not affect his batting, however. He scored 469 runs against the English at an average of 67.00. His consistent run scoring saw Bill O'Reilly call Hughes "Mr. Reliable" and even Ian Chappell remarked that "After this series, not only should Hughes' conscience be clear but his slate clean in regard to the 1981 [Ashes] disaster." The highlight of the summer for Hughes was the final Test in Sydney where he batted for over 6 hours to score 137 runs. Australia retrieved the Ashes, winning the series two Tests to one. Not long after the match, Chappell relinquished his position as Australian captain; Hughes was now captain of a full-strength Australian team for the first time.

Australia did not make it out of the group stage in the 1983 Cricket World Cup, winning only two of their six matches played. Hughes' team was embarrassed by a loss in their first match against Zimbabwe, at the time a mainly amateur side. There was a chance that Australia could still make the semi-finals with a win against India. Hughes chose to sit out the match, to give a minor injury time to heal. In his absence the Australian team was dismissed for 129 and bundled out of the tournament. Hughes decision to pull out of the match drew some criticism from the Australian press: "Hughes decision not to play was lamentable [...] this Australian team does not have a capable leader." On his return to Australia, David Hookes publicly advocated for Rod Marsh to be appointed Australian captain in Hughes' place, saying on Adelaide radio, "Maybe Kim has got to be an apprentice to someone everyone respects." Hughes replied 'It's nice to know the Australian captain has got the support of his vice-captain." Under some pressure from cricket officials, Hughes was persuaded that he should stand down from the captaincy and a letter was drafted to this effect; he changed his mind the following morning.

Once again, the Australian Cricket Board voted 8–6 to appoint Hughes as captain for the 1983–84 series against Pakistan. This time Hughes led a full strength Australian team, including former captain Greg Chappell and his fellow Western Australians, Dennis Lillee and Rod Marsh. Hughes' Australians defeated Pakistan comfortably, two Tests to nil. Hughes himself scored 375 runs in the series, including one century at Adelaide where he "confounded the cunning Qadir". At the end the season, Chappell, Lillee and Marsh—the Australian team's most experienced players—retired from international cricket.

Downfall
Australia was scheduled to tour the West Indies in 1984. The players selected for the tour were presented with official contracts by the Australian Cricket Board. The contracts sought to bind the players to only play in ACB approved cricket for a period of twelve months after the expiry of the tour, without offering any additional compensation. To the dismay of the Board, Hughes stood by his team and with his lawyer drafted a compromise agreement that gave the players some financial security. The West Indies was commonly regarded at that times as the best team in the world and Hughes' new-look Australian team now had to take them on without the recently retired Marsh, Lillee and Chappell. Bob Simpson commented, "The saddest and hardest lot for any captain is taking over the remnants of a once-great team. I wouldn't be in Hughes' shoes for quids." In addition, the Australian team was badly affected by injury; Yallop withdrew with a knee injury and Kepler Wessels, Graeme Wood, Steve Smith, Rodney Hogg and Carl Rackemann all were unfit to play at times during the tour.

Australia lost the series three Tests to nil. After managing to draw the first two Tests, they lost the next three; the West Indies did not lose a second innings wicket all tour. Hughes did not have a successful tour with the bat, scoring 215 runs at an average of 21.50. The pressure of the tour told on Hughes. In a match against Trinidad and Tobago, Hughes protested against what he saw as unreasonableness by the opposition by treating the remainder of the match with contempt; not attempting to win. Afterwards Hughes said he could not care less about the welfare of cricket in Trinidad and Tobago; the management fined him for this comment. In the second Test, Rodney Hogg threw a punch at Hughes, frustrated that he was not given the field he wanted by his captain.

Hughes then enjoyed a rare overseas captaincy triumph, leading Australia to a 3–0 victory in a one day series against India. However there was no extended respite for the Australians; the West Indies returned to Australia for the 1984–85 season. The Australian team remained positive; Allan Border said, "We are thinking of beating them, Laugh all you want." Despite this attitude, the Australians lost the first Test by an innings and 112 runs. Hughes made only four runs in the first innings, out
playing the hook shot despite a pre-series pledge not to play the stroke. Again, the pressure from the media came; Ian Chappell used his newspaper column to heavily criticise Hughes. Chappell continued his criticism of Hughes during the standard pre-match interview before the broadcast of the second Test in Brisbane. The Test was another struggle for the Australians. Australia was bowled out for 175 and Hughes then dropped two catches in the West Indian innings. In the Australian second innings, Hughes made only four. The next morning, before play, Hughes rang the Australia team manager and said "I want to quit as Australian captain."

Relinquishing the captaincy
With assistance from Greg Chappell, Hughes wrote his letter of resignation. During the day's play, Hughes confided in his teammates, announcing his decision. Allan Border, his vice-captain, advised him to reconsider; Hughes refused. At the press conference at the end of the day's play, Hughes announced, "I have something to read." Hughes was visibly emotional while reading his letter and broke down in tears halfway through, leaving the rest for team manager Bob Merriman to read on his behalf as he quickly left the press conference. Australia went on to lose the match by eight wickets, with Hughes scoring 34 and 4.

Press reaction to Hughes' resignation and his emotional state was mixed. Former Australian captain and television broadcaster Bill Lawry said "The demise of Kim Hughes in Brisbane in a manner equal to be being dragged down like a dingo in the pack and devoured by your own, within and without, was a disgrace." The respected ABC radio broadcaster Alan McGilvray on the other hand was more blunt: "[Hughes] is a little boy who has not yet grown up." Hughes was widely mocked for his tears, which were seen as unmanly and un-Australian. Barry Humphries—the satirist behind Dame Edna Everage and Sir Les Patterson—wondered if "Kim's cricket box was on too tight" and claimed that a real Australian in that situation "would simply chunder". In 2002, a British journalist remarked of Hughes' tears as "one inadequate captain getting life so out of proportion as to make a complete clown of himself." It is claimed in the press from time to time that Hughes is now as much remembered for his tears as for his achievements in cricket.

Hughes retained his place in the Australian team for the third Test in Adelaide under new captain, Allan Border. Hughes failed in both innings, scoring a duck in the first innings and only two runs in the second. Hughes joined the Australian team in Melbourne for the fourth Test. Despite warm support from the MCG crowd, Hughes made a humiliating pair; in his last innings he was out from the first ball he faced—a golden duck. He never played in a Test match again. He played in some of the remaining One Day Internationals but without success. When the Australian team was chosen for the tour of England in 1985, Hughes was not included.

Rebel and retirement
While the Australian team for England was being selected, the South African Cricket Union (SACU) was arranging a "rebel" Australian team to tour South Africa. As a result of the apartheid policy of the white minority government, South Africa was cast out of the International Cricket Council and subjected to a boycott. With his old adversaries Greg Chappell as a national selector and Rod Marsh playing an analogous role for the Western Australian team, Hughes felt that his options in Australian cricket were limited and he chose to join the rebel team as the captain. Hughes was one of the last players to join the rebel team; indeed he found out that many of the rebel squad had signed up with the South Africans during the 1983 World Cup, when he was confirmed as captain. At a press conference after the announcement of the team, Hughes announced:  Hughes was heavily criticised for his decision. Desmond Tutu called him a hypocrite and Prime Minister Bob Hawke called him a comforter of racists. The criticism was hurtful to Hughes who, seemingly puzzled, remarked to friends "People think I'm a racist." In South Africa, even before his team arrived Hughes was "a hero, larger than a Reagan ... [Australia's] most exotic export since Breaker Morant."

The rebel team played two series against the South African team—in 1985–86 and 1986–87—and lost them both 1 "Test" to nil. In the first series, Hughes left himself stranded on 97 when the second "Test" at Newlands in Cape Town ended in a draw. In the following match at Wanderers in Johannesburg, Hughes was dismissed for a king pair; dismissed by first ball he faced in both innings. Hughes scored 585 runs at an average of 45.00 in the 1985–86 South African season and followed that with 596 runs at an average of 42.57 in 1986–87. In 2007, Hughes reflected on his participation in the rebel tours: "Cricket was at the forefront of trying to break down barriers and when you look how cricket has developed in South Africa I was very pleased to be involved."

Following the rebel tours, Hughes returned to Western Australia. The Western Australian Cricket Association attempted to ban him from club cricket in Western Australia. In response Hughes took action against the WACA for restraint of trade; he won the case in the Federal Court of Australia—the WACA lost several hundred thousand dollars in court costs. Before the start of the 1987–88 season, Marsh resigned his position as a Western Australian selector; by December Hughes had made his way back into the Western Australian team as an opener, where he scored 76 runs against New South Wales. He played six matches for Western Australia that year scoring 223 runs at an average of 22.30. The following season Hughes played only two games for Western Australia, with the state side finding little room for a man now aged 34.

In September 1989, Hughes signed on as captain of Natal in the South African Currie Cup competition. His two seasons with Natal were disappointing for the team and himself; Natal struggled on the field and there was disharmony amongst the squad. With the bat he scored 176 runs at an average of 13.53 in 1989–90 and 266 at 24.16 in 1990–91. He did, however, have a positive influence on two cricketers who later represented South Africa. Andrew Hudson claimed that "Kim installed a positiveness and a self-belief" in him and Jonty Rhodes—who stayed in Hughes' home during Natal home matches—wanted to play with the same passion as Hughes: "There are too many robots ... Kim was emotional because he cared. I wanted to be the same." During his second season at Natal, Hughes was dropped from the Natal side and later was dropped from the Natal "B" side. He retired from all first-class cricket in February 1991.

Off the field

Personal life
After finishing high school, Hughes attended Graylands Teachers College to train as a primary school teacher. Graylands was established as a stop-gap measure but by the time Hughes arrived it had been operating for two decades and the facilities were run down and almost derelict. In 1974, his final year at Graylands, Hughes was elected President of the student council and in this role he led a campaign to improve the facilities for the faculty and students. The campaign, which included an appearance by Hughes on the ABC television current affairs program This Day Tonight, met with some measure of success.

His first job as a teacher was at Linden Park Primary School in Linden Park during his attempt to make the South Australian team in 1974. After teaching, he found employment in the finance industry, working first for City Building Society as a promotions manager and later for Town & Country Building Society in a marketing role. Town & Country used Hughes to promote their business both in advertising and in through direct contact with investors. In return, Hughes was afforded time away from work to pursue cricket. The General Manager of Town & Country described the relationship: "[Hughes] was a great player, well presented, good looking. He was a family man. He fitted the Town & Country mould admirably."

Hughes was a skilled Australian rules footballer as a junior and was invited to play with the Claremont Football Club in the West Australian National Football League. He played two seasons at Claremont—1973 and 1974—alternating between the under-21 and the reserve teams, but did not manage to make the senior team. The Claremont coach, Verdun Howell, described Hughes as having "Great ball skills, brilliant hand-eye coordination and a very, very reliable kick [...] And he showed courage. He went full throttle at the ball and didn't look for a second option." Howell told Hughes one evening at practice, "I believe you could go as far as you want in football." Hughes played at full forward for the under-21 team and mainly in the centre in the reserves. His brief football career was interrupted by injury—he broke his neck falling off a desk at teachers college—and eventually he advised Howell that he was "very much looking towards cricket" in future.

Hughes was aged 14 when he met Jenny Davidson, a fellow student at City Beach High School. The pair married in March 1977 and within four weeks Hughes left for a four-month tour of England. In January 1981, Jenny gave birth to twins. Another son and a daughter followed. Kim's brother Glenn played first-class cricket for Orange Free State and Tasmania.

Since retirement Hughes has been chairman of selectors for the Western Australian Cricket Association from 1999 to 2000 and more recently an occasional cricket commentator on ABC radio. He was Head of Cricket at Hale School, in Wembley Downs, Perth. A dining room at the WACA Ground is named the Kim Hughes Room.

Style and personality

Hughes batted with an orthodox upright, side-on stance. He gripped the bat high on the handle and played his strokes with a controlled backlift and a full follow through. He got his body well behind the ball in defence but early in his innings tended to move around the crease in front of his stumps, leaving him vulnerable to a leg before wicket dismissal.

Hughes was widely considered by those who knew him as a likeable and friendly person; a person who wanted to be liked. He said of himself when appointed captain of Australia, "The one thing in my favour is that I will never change. I hope I will always be a likeable enough, easy-to-get-along-with type of person." His biographer noted, "[F]riends, team-mates, coaches, teachers, officials, close observers. Almost all mentioned Kim's niceness. He addresses people by their first name. He loves being around and encouraging children. He likes being people's best friend."   As captain Hughes was popular and obliging with the press and the public. English journalist Frank Keating said "Pulled this way and that by photographers, fringers, high commissioners, low commissioners, book commissioners, and hall-porter commissioners, [Hughes] never stopped being softly obliging." The journalist Adrian McGregor said of Hughes, "He was almost too amenable, too nice a guy. He was great with the media, would answer all sorts of questions, never told people to piss off. [...] It was almost like he didn't have the appropriate personality [to be captain]."

Hughes projected a confident image on the field. "A pretty cocky little fella" was how one early opponent in club cricket described Hughes. This cockiness pleased some but others like Bruce Duperouzel, Hughes's captain in a Western Australian colts team, thought that Hughes had "an extravagance that pushed the bounds of acceptability."

Fond of noting that he was born on Australia Day, Hughes was proudly Australian and keen to demonstrate this publicly. On his first tour to England, Hughes was often the only team member wearing the Australian team blazer. Hughes claimed that "the greatest day of [his] life" was Australia II's victory over the New York Yacht Club's entry in the 1983 America's Cup yacht race; Hughes sat down with his twin sons, waved mini-Australian flags purchased especially for the event and watched a replay of the race twice more that day.

Hughes's nickname was "Claggy", a reference to the ubiquitous Clag glue found in classrooms across Australia.

Notes

References

External links

.

1954 births
Living people
Australia One Day International cricketers
Australia Test cricketers
Australia Test cricket captains
People from Margaret River, Western Australia
Australian expatriate sportspeople in South Africa
Australian expatriate cricketers
Australian monarchists
KwaZulu-Natal cricketers
Western Australia cricketers
Western Australian Sports Star of the Year winners
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Australian cricketers
Western Australian Institute of Sport alumni
Cricketers from Western Australia

Kim Hughes


Arne Paabøl Andersen er en dansk advokat (H) og bestyrelsesformand.

Arne Paabøl Andersen blev i 1973 beskikket advokat og fik i 1978 møderet for Højesteret. Han driver i dag egen advokatvirksomhed i Esbjerg, og er desuden bestyrelsesformand for landets næststørste mediekoncern, JFM, samt Den Sydvestjydske Venstrepresse. Desuden sidder han i bestyrelsen for Alice & Tage Sørensen Fond, Fonden Nymindegab-malerne, Gråkjær Lund Holding, Rescand og Nygaard Latex. I rollen som bestyrelsesformand for JFM har han stået i spidsen for den omfattende fusionsproces af Jyske Medier, Syddanske Medier og Fynske Medier samt opkøbet af Midtjyske Medier.

Kilder
 http://www.apalaw.dk
 http://jfmedier.dk/da/nyheder/jysk-fynske-medier-koeber-midtjyske-medier/
 http://www.dsvp.dk/nodequeue/1

Advokater fra Danmark

Arne Paabøl Andersen


An Zygopetalum maxillare in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Conrad Loddiges. An Zygopetalum maxillare in nahilalakip ha genus nga Zygopetalum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Zygopetalum

Zygopetalum maxillare


Les Poids lourds () est une comédie hispano-italienne réalisée par Flavio Mogherini et sortie en 1982. Elle met en vedette le duo comique Gigi et Andrea.

D'après l'acteur Andrea Roncato, le film devait initialement s'intituler C'è una tigre nel giardino ( « Il y a un tigre dans le jardin »).

Synopsis
L'histoire d'Ophélie, la séduisante gérante d'une station-service, courtisée par un chauffeur de camion et un lord anglais. Ce dernier engage pour la séduire un voleur qui lui apprend à se comporter comme une bourgeoise.

Fiche technique
 Titre original italien :
 Titre espagnol :
 Titre français : Les Poids lourds
 Réalisateur : Flavio Mogherini
 Scénario : Gianfranco Clerici, , Flavio Mogherini, José Vicente Puente
 Montage : Ruggero Mastroianni
 Musique : Riz Ortolani
 Décors : 	Wolfgang Burmann
 Costumes :
 Maquillage : Mario Di Salvio
 Production : Felice Colaiacomo, Franco Poccioni, Renato Jaboni, Raimondo Vianello
 Société de production : Medusa Film, Otaria Films, Diasa Producciones Cinematograficas
 Pays de production :  •
 Langue de tournage : italien
 Format : Couleur
 Durée : 89 minutes ()
 Genre : Comédie
 Dates de sortie :
 Italie :

Distribution
 Andrea Roncato : Rocky Zamboni
 Gigi Sammarchi : Gigi Faccioli, l'amie de Rocky.
 Daniela Poggi : Ofelia Cecconi
 Giorgio Bracardi : chauffeur du diplomate
 Sergio Leonardi : "Chiavica"
 Toni Ucci : commissaire
 Marco Facchini : guitariste orbiculaire
 Francisco Cecilio : Sir Archibald
 Luciana Turina : prostituée
 Daniela Doria : Luisa

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film italien sorti en 1982
Film espagnol sorti en 1982
Comédie italienne
Comédie espagnole
Film réalisé par Flavio Mogherini
Film en italien
Film espagnol tourné en italien
Film avec une musique composée par Riz Ortolani
Film scénarisé par Gianfranco Clerici
Film de Medusa Film

Les Poids lourds (film, 1982)


Olin Wellborn (* 18. Juni 1843 in Cumming, Georgia; † 6. Dezember 1921 in Los Angeles, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Jurist und Politiker. Zwischen 1879 und 1887 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Texas im US-Repräsentantenhaus; später wurde er Bundesrichter.

Werdegang
Olin Wellborn besuchte die öffentlichen Schulen seiner Heimat sowie das Emory College. Danach studierte er an der University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. Während des Bürgerkrieges diente er im Heer der Konföderation, in dem er es bis zum Hauptmann brachte. Nach dem Krieg ließ er sich in Atlanta nieder. Nach einem Jurastudium und seiner 1866 erfolgten Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt begann er dort in seinem neuen Beruf zu arbeiten. Im Jahr 1871 verlegte er seinen Wohnsitz und seine Anwaltskanzlei nach Dallas in Texas. Gleichzeitig schlug er als Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei eine politische Laufbahn ein.

Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1878 wurde Wellborn im dritten Wahlbezirk von Texas in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 4. März 1879 die Nachfolge von James W. Throckmorton antrat. Nach drei Wiederwahlen konnte er bis zum 3. März 1887 vier Legislaturperioden im Kongress absolvieren. Seit 1883 vertrat er als Nachfolger von Christopher C. Upson den sechsten Distrikt seines Staates. Zwischen 1883 und 1887 war Wellborn Vorsitzender des Indianerausschusses. Im Jahr 1886 wurde er von seiner Partei nicht mehr zur Wiederwahl nominiert.

Ein Jahr später zog Wellborn nach San Diego in Kalifornien, wo er als Anwalt praktizierte. Seit 1893 lebte er in Los Angeles. Zwischen 1895 und 1915 war er Richter am Bundesbezirksgericht für den südlichen Distrikt von Kalifornien. Danach zog er sich in den Ruhestand zurück. Er starb am 6. Dezember 1921 in Los Angeles.

Weblinks

 Olin Wellborn im Biographical Directory of Federal Judges

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Texas
Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei (Vereinigte Staaten)
Richter (United States District Court)
Rechtsanwalt (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1843
Gestorben 1921
Mann

Olin Wellborn


هذه قائمة بالبطولات الأسترالاسية لكرة المضرب, المعروفة الآن باسم أستراليا المفتوحة لسنة 1912:

فردي الرجال

 سيسايل باركر هزم  ألفرد بياميش 3-6 6-3 1-6 6-1 7-5

مراجع

أحداث ديسمبر 1912 الرياضية
أحداث يناير 1913 الرياضية
البطولات الأسترالاسية حسب السنة
الرياضة في هاستينجس (نيوزيلندا)
رياضة نيوزيلندية في 1912
كرة المضرب في 1912

البطولات الأسترالاسية 1912 (كرة مضرب)


Ballantyne c. Canada (en forme longue Ballantyne, Davidson, McIntyre c. Canada) est un avis fondé sur le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, rendu en 1993 par le Comité des droits de l'homme des Nations Unies. Il arrive à la conclusion que la règle de l'usage exclusif du français dans l'affichage commercial, prévu au Québec par la Charte de la langue française, est compatible avec le droit à l'égalité et le droit des membres des minorités linguistiques d'employer leur propre langue (entre autres parce qu'en droit international les anglophones du Québec ne sont pas considérés comme une minorité), mais contraire à la liberté d'expression.

Contexte
En 1977 est adoptée la Charte de la langue française, y compris une règle qui prescrit l'affichage commercial exclusivement en français et une autre qui rend obligatoire l'usage de la seule version française d'une raison sociale d'entreprise au Québec. En 1982, la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés est enchâssée dans la Constitution canadienne malgré l'opposition du Québec. Cette charte consacre la liberté d'expression. En 1988, la Cour suprême du Canada rend un jugement dans l'arrêt Ford c. Québec (Procureur général) , dans lequel elle déclare que ces règles de la Charte de la langue française sont contraires à la liberté d'expression, protégée par la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne du Québec et la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés. En 1988, l'Assemblée nationale du Québec adopte la loi 178 dans le but de modifier la règle de la raison sociale en français et de maintenir la règle de l'affichage commercial exclusivement en français à l'extérieur des établissements. Dans ce contexte, l'Assemblée invoque les dispositions de dérogation des chartes canadienne et québécoise des droits pour assurer le maintien de la validité de cette règle.

Les faits
Trois Québécois anglophones : John Ballantyne, Elizabeth Davidson et Gordon McIntyre, qui possèdent des entreprises à Sutton (Québec) et à Huntingdon (Québec), ont contesté les articles 1, 6 et 10 du projet de loi n° 178 (modifications à la Charte de la langue française) promulguée par le gouvernement du Québec en 1988.

Ils affirment qu'ils seraient victimes de violations des articles 2, 19 (liberté d'expression), 26 (interdiction de la discrimination) et 27 (droits des minorités) du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques par le gouvernement fédéral du Canada et par la province de Québec, parce qu'il leur était interdit d'utiliser l'anglais dans la publicité ou au nom de leurs entreprises.

Questions en litige
Les principales questions de fond en litige sont résumées comme ceci :

« a) l'article 58 de la Charte de la langue française, tel qu'il a été modifié par l'article premier de la loi no 178, porte-t-il atteinte à un droit que l'article 27 du Pacte pourrait conférer aux auteurs ?

b) l'article 58 de la Charte de la langue française, tel qu'il a été modifié par l'article premier de la loi no 178, porte-t-il atteinte au droit des auteurs à la liberté d'expression ?

c) cette même disposition est-elle compatible avec le droit des auteurs à l'égalité devant la loi ?»

Avis du Comité des droits de l'homme
À l'égard de l'art. 19 PIDCP, le Comité a constaté une violation car « S'il est légitime qu'un État choisisse une ou plusieurs langues officielles, il ne l'est pas qu'il supprime, en dehors de la vie publique, la liberté de s'exprimer dans une certaine langue ».

Quant à l'art. 26 PIDCP, il n'y a pas de violation car « Cette interdiction s'applique aux francophones aussi bien qu'aux anglophones, de telle sorte qu'un francophone qui souhaiterait afficher en anglais afin d'atteindre une clientèle anglophone ne serait pas non plus autorisé à le faire ».

Quant à l'art. 27 PIDPC, il n'y a pas de violation car «  Les citoyens canadiens anglophones ne peuvent être considérés comme une minorité linguistique ».

Opinions concordantes ou dissidentes de membres individuels
Waleed Sadi a inscrit une dissidence, estimant que les recours internes n'avaient pas été épuisés par les auteurs avant de saisir le Comité des droits de l'homme.

Birame Ndiaye a également rendu un jugement dissident, à l'effet que l'article 27 protège la minorité linguistique française au Canada. Elle considère que les limites à la liberté d'expression sont justifiées car elles protègent les droits de l'article 27.

Kurt Herndl a rendu un jugement en partie concordant et en partie dissident, estimant que les droits en question ne concernent que l'article 19, et non l'article 27. Il s'est également interrogé sur le statut de victimes de Ballantyne et Davids.

Bertil Wennergren dépose un avis concordant, considérant que «  l'interdiction d'utiliser au Québec toute autre langue, hormis le français, pour la publicité commerciale à l'extérieur ne viole aucun des droits garantis en vertu de l'article 27 ».

Elizabeth Evatt, Nisuke Ando, Marco Tulio Bruni Celli et Vojin Dimitrijević déposent des avis concordants, mais déclarent que « Ce qui fait problème, c'est le fait que la décision interprète le terme "minorités" utilisé à l'article 27 en se référant uniquement au nombre de membres que le groupe en question compte dans l'État partie ».

Suites

Loi postérieure
En 1993, Québec adopte une loi qui permet l'affichage commercial bilingue à l'extérieur des commerces pourvu qu'il y ait une nette prédominance du français

Accueil et critiques
Le 27 mai 1993, Jean-Maurice Arbour et Henri Brun, respectivement professeur de droit international et professeur de droit constitutionnel, publient une analyse de l'avis rendu par le Comité des droits de l'homme des Nations Unies dans l'affaire Ballantyne. Ils rappellent que cet avis est une « recommandation dépourvue de toute force obligatoire ». Ils ajoutent que l'avis majoritaire compte 16 pages, mais que les auteurs utilisent « une demi-page à peine […] pour expliquer que la loi québécoise est contraire au pacte », et que « [le] comité a tout simplement décrété, sans démonstration aucune, sans analyse aucune de la jurisprudence et de la doctrine pertinentes à ce sujet, que l'expression commerciale fait partie de la liberté d'expression ». Plus précisément, selon eux, « la situation particulière des francophones du Québec dans le contexte canadien et nord-américain aurait mérité un examen singulier réfléchi ».

Quelques années plus tard, en 2017, le docteur en droit constitutionnel et codirecteur de l'Observatoire national en matière de droits linguistiques, Me Frédéric Bérard, affirme que l'analyse contenue dans cet avis « en arrive à une conclusion identique à celle de la Cour suprême sur la question de la liberté d'expression commerciale exclusivement » dans l'arrêt Ford. À cela, Me Éric Poirier réplique que cet auteur « omet toutefois de préciser que l'ONU rejette l'argument fondé sur le droit à l'égalité, alors que la Cour suprême du Canada le retient, et que l'ONU est divisée sur la question de la liberté d'expression, donc que son avis contient une dissidence (à l'effet qu'exiger généralement l'usage exclusif du français dans l'affichage commercial peut se justifier dans le contexte québécois), alors que la Cour suprême est unanime ». Pour Me Poirier, « [l']avis de l'ONU n'est donc pas identique à l'arrêt Ford ».

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Articles connexes

 Charte de la langue française
 Comité des droits de l'homme des Nations Unies
 Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques

Liens externes
Texte intégral de l'avis (disponible en PDF)
Présentation sur le site web L'Aménagement linguistique dans le monde

Jurisprudence du Comité des droits de l'Homme des Nations unies
Droit au Canada
Droit au Québec

Ballantyne c. Canada


Dan Cristea () este informatician, matematician, cercetător, profesor universitar și scriitor român, formator și specialist în lingvistică computațională. Este inițiatorul secției de masterat în Lingvistică Computațională din cadrul Facultății de Informatică a Universității Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iași.

Principalele sale domenii de expertiză sunt: procesarea limbajului natural, structura discursului, parsarea de discurs, rezoluția anaforei, lexicografie computațională, aplicații și resurse pentru prelucrarea limbajului natural.
A efectuat numeroase studii si cercetări, însumând peste 200 lucrări și rapoarte științifice în țară și străinătate și 8 cărți. Este conducător de doctorat în domeniul Informatică din anul 2001 și coordonator a numeroase contracte de cercetare în domeniul Lingvisticii Computaționale.
În 2009 a debutat și în beletristică, primind premiul de debut al Editurii Cartea Românească pentru romanul de ficțiune "Scaune de pluș".
Este unul dintre principalii exponenți în jurul cărora s-a format comunitatea românească de Lingvistică Computațională, fiind fondatorul grupului NLP-Group de la Universitatea "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" din Iași ce cuprinde peste 30 de cercetători activi și a seriei de școli de vară Eurolan ce a atras peste 500 de studenți și cercetători în cele 12 ediții care s-au derulat până în prezent. Este, de asemenea, unul dintre inițiatorii Consorțiului de Informatizare pentru Limba Română - ConsILR.

Studii
A obținut diploma de inginer în specialitatea Calculatoare, la Universitatea Politehnică din București, Facultatea de Automatică și Calculatoare, secția Calculatoare, în 1975.
A urmat cursurile Facultății de Matematică, la Universitatea "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" din Iași, pe care a absolvit-o, cu diplomă de matematician, în 1981.
În 1994, a obținut diploma de doctor inginer în specialitatea Calculatoare din partea Universității Politehnica București, Facultatea de Automatică și Calculatoare.

Publicații științifice
Lista de publicații de natură științifică cuprinde peste 200 de lucrări, dintre care:
 5 cărți de autor, în Springer, Editura Tehnică, Editura Academiei Române, Editura Universității "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" din Iași (UAIC), dintre care 2 ca unic autor;
 8 cărți editate, dintre care 7 în seria "Resurse lingvistice și instrumente pentru prelucrarea limbii române", numită apoi "Linguistic Resources and Tools for Processing the Romanian Language", în  Editura UAIC, ISSN 1843-911X;
 26 de capitole de cărți publicate în editurile: North-Holland, Springer, Benjamin Publishing Books, INSTICC Press (Portugalia), Editura UAIC, Editura Academiei Române, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Trinitas – Iași, Editura Expert – București;
 23 de articole publicate în reviste de specialitate;
 85 de lucrări publicate în proceedings-uri de conferințe, dintre care: 46 internaționale și 39 naționale;
 44 de eseuri și alte publicații despre știință, cele mai multe publicate pe internet, dintre care 33 în limba engleză. Majoritatea eseurilor au apărut în CLARIN Newsletter, al cărui redactor șef a fost între anii 2008 și 2011;
Dintre lucrări, 14 sunt indexate Web of Knowledge, 34 – DBLP, 13 – ACM, 11 – CiteSeer și 2 Cornwell University Library.
Conform Google Scholar, a fost citat de 1127 de ori, dintre care 7 citări sunt în lucrări indexate ISI Web of Science.
Este coautor la peste 100 de rapoarte de cercetare la UAIC-FII și AR-IIT.

Afilieri profesionale
În 2015 a fost primit în Academia Română, Secția de Știința și Tehnologia Informației, în calitate de membru corespondent. Din 2002 este membru corespondent al Academiei de Științe Tehnice din România, Secția de Știința și Tehnologia Informației, în 12 iunie 2015 fiind titularizat.
În decembrie 2003 a primit premiul "Grigore Moisil" al Academiei Române, Secția de Tehnologia Informației, pentru o lucrare publicată, în colaborare, în Information Science and Technology, Romanian Academy Publishing House, în 2001. În decembrie 2006 a primit premiul cercetării, acordat de CNCSIS. În 2008 a primit premiul pentru activitatea de cercetare, acordat de UAIC.
Este membru al următoarelor organizații și asociații:
 Association de Recherches Cognitives (ARC) – France,
 Association of Computer Machinery (ACM) – USA,
 SIGDial – Special Interest Group in Dialogue and Discourse – USA,
 Asociația Română de Inteligență Artificială (membru fondator),
 Comisia de Informatizare pentru Limba Română din cadrul Academiei Române (neînregistrată),
 Consorțiul de Informatizare pentru Limba Română (neînregistrat),
 Balkan Asociation of Fuzzy Systems – Romania
Este vicepreședinte pentru secțiunea Prelucrarea Limbajului Natural în Comisia de Informatizare pentru Limba Română din cadrul Academiei Române.

Note

Legături externe
 Membrii Academiei Române din 1866 până în prezent – C
 http://www.uaic.ro
 http://www.info.uaic.ro

Vezi și
 Universitatea "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" din Iași
 Facultatea de Informatică
 Universitatea Politehnică din București
 Academia Română
 Academia de Științe Tehnice din România

Nașteri în 1951
Ingineri români în viață
Profesori români în viață
Membri corespondenți ai Academiei Române
Nașteri pe 16 decembrie

Dan Cristea


Rachid Madrane (nacido en 1968 en Bruselas) es un parlamentario belga. Antes de comenzar su carrera política, fue primero periodista en una radio privada. Se licenció en periodismo y comunicación en la Universidad Libre de Bruselas.

Rachid Madrane es vicepresidente de la Federación Socialista de Bruselas y asume actualmente las funciones de Diputado federal en la cámara de representantes de Bélgica y de concejal del Partido Socialista en Etterbeek.

Antes de resultar elegido por el voto popular, Rachid Madrane ocupó la doble función de portavoz de la Federación Socialista de Bruselas junto al entonces presidente Philippe Moureaux, y la función de consejero de prensa de la vice-primera ministra y ministra de Justicia Laurette Onkelinx.

Autor de la ley sobre la diversidad, su nombre está muy asociado a la lucha contra la discriminación en la contratación de empleo en la Región de Bruselas. Ha elaborado y hecho votar en 2008 en el Parlamento de Bruselas la ley regional llamada "ordonnance Madrane" intentando favorecer prioritariamente la contratación en las administraciones públicas y regionales locales de los demandantes de empleo provenientes de los barrios con una alta tasa de paro.

Diputado regional de Bruselas de 2004 a 2009, ocupa actualmente la función de concejal de cultura, presupuesto, cohesión social y bibliotecas en el municipio de Etterbeek.

Desde el 6 de julio de 2010, Rachid Madrane es Diputado Federal.
el 2 de marzo de 2011 fue elegido por una gran mayoría de los socialistas de Bruselas como vice-presidente de la federación socialista de Bruselas.

Pequeña biografía

 1968 - Nacimiento en Bruselas.
 1985 - Adhesión al PS en el marco de las campañas Touche pas à mon pote (no toques a mi amigo) de S.O.S Racismo.
 1987 al 1991 - Licenciado en Periodismo y Comunicación- Universidad Libre de Bruselas.
 Periodista en una radio privada.
 1995 - Miembro del equipo del concejal de trabajos públicos de Ixellesy coordinador del proyecto de barrio Gray-Malbeek.
 2000 - Agregado de Prensa del secretario de Estado de vivienda. El mismo año en que fue elegido concejal en Etterbeek y en el que se convierte en portavoz del grupo socialista en el dicho ayuntamiento.
Tras lo cual, fue sucesivamente:
 Portavoz de la Federación Socialista de Bruselas y de Philippe Moureaux
 Consejero de Prensa de la Vice-Primera Ministra y Ministra de Justicia Laurette Onkelinx
 De junio de 2004 a junio de 2009 fue Diputado en el Parlamento de Bruselas y en la COCOF.
 El 1 de marzo de 2010 fue designado Concejal en Etterbeek
 Desde el 6 de julio de 2010, es Diputado Federal del PS en la Cámara de representantes de Bélgica elegido por la circunscripción electoral de Bruxelles-Halle-Vilvoorde.
 El 2 de marzo de 2011 fue elegido como Vicepresidente de la federación socialista de Bruselas'''.

Enlaces externos
 Le site Web de Rachid Madrane (en francés)
 Page de présentation sur le site du PS (en francés)

Políticos de Bélgica del siglo XXI
Miembros de la Cámara de Representantes de Bélgica
Personas de Bruselas

Rachid Madrane


Monumento ao Muslim Magomayev () é um monumento representando o cantor Muslim Magomayev e está localizado na Avenida Bacu em Bacu, capital do Azerbaijão.

História
Em 12 de março de 2020, o presidente do Azerbaijão, Ilham Aliyev, assinou um decreto sobre a construção de um monumento ao Muslim Magomayev na cidade de Bacu. De acordo com o edital, o Poder Executivo da cidade de Baku foi instruído a realizar atividades para a construção do monumento em conjunto com o Ministério da Cultura do Azerbaijão.

A cerimônia de abertura do monumento ocorreu em 17 de agosto de 2022 na Baku Boulevard. O presidente do Azerbaijão Ilham Aliyev e o vice-presidente Mehriban Aliyeva, a esposa do cantor Tamara Sinyavskaya, Farhad Badalbayli e outros participaram da cerimônia.

Monumento
O autor do monumento é o Artista Popular da República do Azerbaijão, escultor Omar Eldarov. O monumento é feito de bronze. Sua altura é de 2 metros. Um quadro de informações adequado com inscrições em azerbaijano e inglês é colocado em frente ao monumento.

Fundações em 2022
Monumentos de Bacu

Monumento ao Muslim Magomayev (Bacu)


Åkeshov est une station de la ligne verte du métro de Stockholm, sur le tronc commun des circulations T17, T18 et T19. Elle est située dans le quartier de Vasastan dans le centre-ville de Stockholm, en Suède.

Situation sur le réseau

Établie en surface, la station Åkeshov sur la ligne verte du métro de Stockholm : sur la relation T19 entre la station Ängbyplan, en direction du terminus ouest Hässelby Strand, et la station Brommaplan, en direction du terminus Hagsätra ; sur le relation T17, elle est le terminus ouest, avant la station Brommaplan, en direction du terminus sud est Skarpnäck.

Pour pouvoir assurer son rôle de station terminus (T17) et station de passage (T19) elle dispose de trois voies et deux quais centraux.

Histoire
La station Åkeshov, située en surface, est mise en service le , lors de l'ouverture à l'exploitation du prolongement ouest, de la ligne verte, de Kungsgatan (renommée depuis Hötorget) au terminus provisoire de Vällingby du métro de Stockholm.

Services aux voyageurs

Accès et accueil
Les accès sont en contrebas des voies, ils permettent d'accéder à la salle des billets et des contrôles puis au passage sous voies qui dispose des accès aux deux quais.

Desserte
C'est un terminus de la relation T17 et une station de passage de la relation T19.

Intermodalité

À proximité
 Norrmalm

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Métro de Stockholm
 Liste des stations du métro de Stockholm

Liens externes
 .

Station de la ligne verte du métro de Stockholm
Station de métro mise en service en 1952
Terminus d'une ligne du métro de Stockholm

Åkeshov (métro de Stockholm)


Marie Justine Benoîte Favart (née Duronceray) (15 June 1727 – 22 April 1772) was an operatic singer, actress, playwright and dancer, the wife of the dramatist, Charles Simon Favart.

Biography
Madame Favart is largely responsible for the 18th-century change in Parisian operatic taste from French standards to performances of a lyric type adapted from Italian models, which developed later into the genuine French comic opera. She was also a bold reformer in matters of stage costume, playing the peasant with bare arms, in wooden shoes and linen dress, and not, as heretofore, in court costume with enormous hoops, diamonds and long white kid gloves. With her husband, and other authors, she collaborated in a number of successful pieces, and one La fille mal gardée she produced alone.

Maurice, comte de Saxe, a Marshal of France and her husband's patron, began to make advances to Mme Favart, and Favart was forced to flee. Mme Favart was established by the marshal in a house at Vaugirard; proving a fickle mistress, she was suddenly arrested and confined in a convent, where she was brought to unconditional surrender in the beginning of 1750. Before the year was out the marshal died, and Mme Favart reappeared at the Comédie Italienne, where for twenty years she was a great favourite. Among the roles created by Mme Favart were La Vieille, Robinette and Thérèse in Egidio Duni's La fée Urgèle, which was premiered at court in 1765.

Madame Favart in fictionalised form is the title-character of Offenbach's 1878 opéra comique, Madame Favart.

In the edition in ten volumes of the works of the couple Favart, published in 1763-1772 at Duchesne (Paris), Volume 5 is devoted exclusively to the dramatic works of Marie Justine Favart. These are the following:
1753: Les amours de Bastien et Bastienne, parodie du Devin de village,
1754: La feste d'amour, ou Lucas et Colinette, petite pièce en vers et en un acte,
1757: Les encorcelés, ou Jeannot et Jeannette, parodie des Surprises de l'amour,
1758: La fille mal gardée, ou Le pédant amoureux, parodie de la Provençale,
1760: La fortune au village, parodie d'Églée and
1762: Annette et Lubin, comédie en un acte et en vers.

References

Sources

 Warrack, John and West, Ewan (1992), The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 782 pages,

External links
 Justine Favart on Data.bnf.fr
 Scholarly edition of Favart's "Annette et Lubin"

Actors from Avignon
1727 births
1772 deaths
18th-century French dramatists and playwrights
French women dramatists and playwrights
18th-century French women opera singers
French ballerinas
18th-century French actresses
French stage actresses
18th-century French ballet dancers
18th-century French women writers
Musicians from Avignon

Justine Favart


Michael Joseph (died 27 June 1497), better known as Michael An Gof, was one of the leaders of the Cornish rebellion of 1497, along with Thomas Flamank.

Background

The rebels marched on London to protest against King Henry VII's levy of a tax to pay for an invasion of Scotland in response to the Scots' support of the pretender Perkin Warbeck. The Cornish believed that this was a northern affair and had nothing to do with them; they also believed that the tax was the work of the King's corrupt counsellors and marched to London to bring this to the King's attention.

March on London
A blacksmith (An Gof) named Michael Joseph lived at St Keverne on the Lizard peninsula. He is described as "a notable prating fellow who by thrusting himself forward on every occasion, and being loudest in every complaint against the government, acquired an authority among these simple people, and was ready to lead them to any desperate enterprise".

Michael Joseph was chosen by the people of St. Keverne to challenge the tax. When he and his followers reached Bodmin, they were joined by Thomas Flamank, a local lawyer. Flamank argued that it was the business of the barons of the north to defend the Scottish border, and that the tax was illegal. He suggested that the Cornishmen should march on London and present a petition to the king setting forth their grievances against the advisers responsible for the king's action.

Under the leadership of Flamank and Joseph, about 6,000 Cornishmen assembled at Bodmin and set out. The army attracted support in provisions and recruits along the way and by the time it reached Devon numbered some 15,000 strong. Up until then the march had been relatively peaceable, but when they reached Taunton in Somerset, Provost Perrin, an officer and commissioner who was collecting the tax, was killed.

They hoped to gain support from people in Kent – the focus of Jack Cade's rebellion of 1450 – but despite heading to Cade's former rallying site at Blackheath they gained little backing.

The Cornish rebels were beaten by the King's forces at the Battle of Deptford Bridge on 17 June 1497 on a site adjacent to the River Ravensbourne. Michael fled to Greenwich after the battle, but was captured and sent to the Tower of London.

As one of the leaders, Michael An Gof was executed with Flamank on 27 June 1497. A 16th-century source relates that they suffered the highest penalty for traitors: to be hanged, drawn and quartered. But an even earlier authority states that they were hanged until dead before being beheaded and quartered. Their heads were displayed on London Bridge and their quarters at other locations. While being pulled on a hurdle toward his execution, An Gof is reported to have said that he would have "a name perpetual and a fame permanent and immortal".

In 1997, the 500th anniversary of the rebellion, a commemorative march ("Keskerdh Kernow 500") was held, retracing the route of the original march from St. Keverne (An Gof's home town in Cornwall) to London. A statue depicting An Gof and Flamank was unveiled in St Keverne and a commemorative plaque was unveiled on the wall of Greenwich Park facing Blackheath common. Russell Pascoe composed 'The Martyrdom of An Gof' for the end of the march, which was performed at The Barbican in June 1997.

Other uses
The name "An Gof" is from the Cornish for "the blacksmith". It is the origin of the British surname Angove. Cognates include "Gow" and "Gowan" and the Irish/Scottish McGowan.

The Holyer An Gof trophy is an annual award for the best publication on Cornwall, and part of the Cornish Gorsedd (Gorsedh Kernow).

An Gof's name was later used by a Cornish nationalist extremist organisation.

An Gof was the name of a rock group who performed a song on the album Keltia Rok in 1987.

See also

 List of topics related to Cornwall
Second Cornish Uprising of 1497
Prayer Book Rebellion
The Wikipedia Cornwall Portal

References

External links
 The Cornish Rebellion
 "A name perpetual and a fame permanent and immortal"
 The Black Heath Rebellion, 16 June 1497
  Michael An Gof, the Cornish Blacksmith

1497 deaths
Military history of Cornwall
Medieval Cornish people
15th-century English people
People from St Keverne
People executed by Tudor England by hanging, drawing and quartering
Cornish nationalism
Cornish nationalists
People executed under the Tudors for treason against England
Year of birth unknown
Executed Cornish people
People executed under Henry VII of England
People executed at Tyburn
Prisoners in the Tower of London

Michael An Gof


Kalevan Rasti ist ein Orientierungslaufverein aus der ostfinnischen Stadt Joensuu.

Der Verein wurde 1950 gegründet und entwickelte sich nach der Jahrtausendwende zu den erfolgreichsten Vereinen im Orientierungslauf. 2004, 2005, 2007, 2012, 2013 und 2014 gewann Kalevan Rasti die traditionsreiche Jukola-Staffel, 2010, 2011, 2013 und 2014 die Tiomila in Schweden, die die Vereinsmannschaft bereits 1983 einmal gewonnen hatte.

Die Frauenmannschaft gewann die Venlojen viesti, die parallel zur Jukola ausgetragen wird, 1979 und 1992. 2001 siegten die Frauen bei der Tiomila.

Erfolge

Männer
Jukola:

 2004 in Jämijärvi (Mikael Boström, Samuli Launiainen, Tommi Tölkkö, Harri Romppanen, Antti Harju, Simo Martomaa, Thierry Gueorgiou)
 2005 in Anjalankoski (Harri Romppanen, Mikael Boström, Tommi Tölkkö, Hannu Airila, Antti Harju, Simo Martomaa, Thierry Gueorgiou)
 2007 in Lapua (Philippe Adamski, Samuli Launiainen, Tommi Tölkkö, Hannu Airila, Miika Hernelahti, Simo Martomaa, Thierry Gueorgiou)
 2012 in Vantaa (Kiril Nikolow, Jarkko Huovila, Simo-Pekka Fincke, Hannu Airila, Jere Pajunen, Philippe Adamski, Fabian Hertner)
 2013 in Jämsä (Jere Pajunen, Simo-Pekka Fincke, Philippe Adamski, Hannu Airila, Jan Procházka, Fabian Hertner, Thierry Gueorgiou)
 2014 in Kuopio (Jere Pajunen, Philippe Adamski, Aaro Asikainen, Hannu Airila, Simo-Pekka Fincke, Fabian Hertner, Thierry Gueorgiou)

Tiomila:

 1983
 2010 (Miika Hernelahti, Aaro Asikainen, Jan Prochazka, Tommi Tölkkö, Hannu Airila, Jere Pajunen, Adam Chromy, Philippe Adamski, Fabian Hertner, Thierry Gueorgiou)
 2011 (Miika Hernelahti, Hannu Airila, Jere Pajunen, Adam Chromy, Simo Martomaa, Jan Prochazka, Philippe Adamski, Fabian Hertner, Thierry Gueorgiou)
 2013 (Kiril Nikolow, Antti Nurmonen, Simo-Pekka Fincke, Jere Pajunen, Jarkko Huovila, Hannu Airila, Fabian Hertner, Philippe Adamski, Jan Prochazka, Thierry Gueorgiou)
 2014 (Kiril Nikolow, Juuso Metsälä, Jere Pajunen, Hannu Airila, Aaro Asikainen, Philippe Adamski, Adam Chromy, Thierry Gueorgiou, Fabian Hertner, Jan Prochazka)

Halikko-viesti:

 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 und 2006

25-manna:

 2005 und 2006

Frauen
Venlojen viesti:

 1979 (Leena Silvennoinen, Hennariikka Lonka, Annariitta Lonka)
 1992 (Elina Raijas, Hennariikka Lonka, Heidi Haapasalo, Tarja Silvennoinen)

Tiomila:

 2001 (Monica Boström, Heidi Liljeström, Katalin Oláh, Kirsi Boström, Johanna Asklöf)

Weblinks

 Homepage des Vereins

Sportverein (Finnland)
Organisation (Joensuu)
Orientierungslaufverein
Sport (Joensuu)

Kalevan Rasti


Sherrill Milnes (born January 10, 1935) is an American dramatic baritone most famous for his Verdi roles. From 1965 until 1997 he was associated with the Metropolitan Opera. His voice is a high dramatic baritone, combining good legato with an incisive rhythmic style.

By 1965, aged 30, he had made his debut at the Metropolitan Opera. His international debuts followed soon thereafter, and Milnes became one of the world's prominent Verdi baritones of the 1970s and 1980s.

Early life

Milnes was born in Downers Grove, Illinois. His mother and father were dairy farmers. As a child, he exhibited strong and varied musical talents. In addition to singing, he also played piano, violin, viola, double bass, clarinet, and tuba. Although his interests did not always lean toward opera, he spent many hours singing to his father's cows and was once found on a tractor practicing an operatic laugh.

While in high school, Milnes planned to be an anesthesiologist, but later returned to music, studying music education at Drake University and Northwestern University, with the idea of becoming a teacher. He attended North Central College before transferring to Drake University and Northwestern University.

From 1958 until 1963, he was a member of the Chicago Symphony Chorus under the direction of Margaret Hillis, performing several times under the baton of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra's sixth music director, Fritz Reiner. After graduating from Drake, he spent a summer as an apprentice at the Santa Fe Opera and thereafter dedicated himself to becoming an opera singer, studying briefly with the famed soprano Rosa Ponselle.

Milnes was awarded an honorary doctorate from North Central College in 2006.

Career

Milnes began his career with the Opera Company of Boston in 1960, joining Boris Goldovsky's Opera Theater, and debuting as Masetto in Don Giovanni. From very early on in his career, Milnes was managed by well-known talent manager Herbert Barrett. In 1961, he made his debut at Ponselle's Baltimore Opera as Gérard in Andrea Chénier.

In 1964, Milnes made his first major breakthrough singing the role of Valentin in Gounod's Faust at the New York City Opera (opposite Norman Treigle as Méphistophélès), the role with which he also made his Metropolitan Opera debut in 1965. In 1967 he created the role of Captain Adam Brant in the world premiere of Marvin David Levy's Mourning Becomes Electra at the Met.

In 1964, Milnes also made his European debut singing Figaro from The Barber of Seville at the Teatro Nuovo in Milan. However, it was his performance as Miller in Verdi's Luisa Miller in 1968 which catapulted him into international fame.
Milnes was the leading baritone at the Met  during the 1970s, singing to great acclaim there, especially for his performances in Verdi operas.

Beginning in 1982, Milnes experienced sudden serious vocal health problems which took him some time to surmount. In 1984, he sang in the world premiere of Act I of Sergei Rachmaninoff's opera Monna Vanna, which had been left in piano score by the composer and orchestrated by Igor Buketoff.

Milnes' talents were not confined, however, solely to the operatic stage. As early as 1971 he had already received critical acclaim while featured in the role of David during the premier of Ezra Laderman's opera And David Wept, on the CBS Television network, under the musical direction of Alfredo Antonini.  Nearly a decade earlier in 1964 he also collaborated with Antonini, playing the role of Saint Joseph in a televised adaptation of Hector Berlioz's sacred oratorio L'enfance du Christ.

Milnes was awarded Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity's Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award at its 1982 national convention in Urbana, Illinois. He had been initiated into the Fraternity's Alpha Beta chapter at Drake University in 1954. In the same year was honored by the Italian government as "Commendatore Ordine al Merito della Repubblica"

On July 5, 1986, he performed on the New York Philharmonic's tribute to the 100th anniversary of the Statue of Liberty, which was televised live by ABC.  The orchestra, conducted by Zubin Mehta, performed in Central Park.

In September 1996, Milnes was honored by the French government with the distinguished Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. After 32 years and 653 performances, he made his final appearance at the Metropolitan on March 22, 1997 as Amonasro in Aida.

In 1998, Milnes published a memoir, American Aria.

Milnes is currently a professor emeritus in voice at Northwestern University. He is a recipient of Yale University's Sanford Medal.

Milnes was inducted as a Laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the State's highest honor) by the Governor of Illinois in 2003 in the area of The Performing Arts.

Milnes has been a resident of Cresskill, New Jersey, and currently resides in Palm Harbor, Florida with his wife and son, Theo.

VOICExperience Foundation
In 2001, Milnes and his wife, soprano Maria Zouves, founded the VOICExperience Foundation, a non-profit organization for the education of young singers.  It evolved from a series of master classes led by Milnes, Tony Randall, Martina Arroyo and Barry Tucker, president of the Richard Tucker Music Foundation. Based in Florida, it provides several educational programs, workshops, outreach events and community enrichment programs. In Florida, the foundation runs The Florida VOICE Project for singers in the Tampa Bay Area. In New York City, the foundation runs the Opera As Drama program, a week-long career development program for emerging professional opera singers which culminates in a public performance at Opera America's National Opera Center. As part of the Savannah Voice Festival, the foundation runs a Teen VOICE workshop and the Milnes VOICE studio.

Repertoire

Discography

Complete Operas and other works
1967
 Mozart: Così fan tutte (with L. Price, Troyanos, Raskin, Shirley, Flagello – Leinsdorf, cond.)
 Verdi: La traviata (with Caballé, Bergonzi – Prêtre, cond.)

1968
 R. Strauss: Salome (with Caballé, R. Lewis, Resnik, J. King – Leinsdorf, cond.)

1969
 Beethoven: Symphony No. 9, "Choral" (with J. Marsh, Veasey, Domingo – Leinsdorf, cond.)
 Orff: Carmina Burana (with Mandac, Kolk – Ozawa, cond.)
 Verdi: Il trovatore (with L. Price, Domingo, Cossotto – Mehta, cond.)

1970
 Verdi: Aïda (with L. Price, Domingo, Bumbry, Raimondi – Leinsdorf, cond.)
 Verdi: Macbeth (with Ludwig, Cossutta – Böhm, cond.) Live recording

1971
 Verdi: Un ballo in maschera (with Tebaldi, Pavarotti—Bartoletti, cond.)
 Puccini: Il tabarro (with L. Price, Domingo—Leinsdorf, cond.)
 Verdi: Don Carlo (with Domingo, Caballé, Raimondi, Verrett—Giulini, cond.)
 Donizetti: Lucia di Lammermoor (with Sutherland, Pavarotti, Ghiaurov—Bonynge, cond.)
 Leoncavallo: Pagliacci  (with Domingo, Caballé, Goeke-Santi, cond.)
 Verdi: Rigoletto (with Sutherland, Pavarotti, Tourangeau, Talvela—Bonynge, cond.)

1972
 Verdi: Attila (with Raimondi, Deutekom, Bergonzi—Gardelli, cond.)
 Verdi: Giovanna d'Arco (with Caballé, Domingo—Levine, cond.)

1973
 Puccini: Tosca (with L. Price, Domingo – Mehta, cond.)

1974
 Puccini: La bohème (with Caballé, Domingo, Blegen, Sardinero, Raimondi – Solti, cond.)
 Verdi: I vespri siciliani (with Arroyo, Domingo, Raimondi – Levine, cond.)

1975
 Rossini: Il barbiere di Siviglia (with Sills, Gedda, Capecchi, Raimondi, Barbieri – Levine, cond.)
 Verdi: Luisa Miller (with Pavarotti, Caballé – Maag, cond.)
 Massenet's La Navarraise (with Horne, Domingo, Bacquier – H. Lewis, cond.)
 Verdi: Il trovatore [with bonus tracks from a 1968 recording of Act II with Richard Tucker] (with Caballé, Cossutta, Arkhipova – Guadagno, cond.)

1976
 Giordano: Andrea Chénier (with Scotto, Domingo – Levine, cond.)
 Verdi: Macbeth (with Cossotto, Carreras, Raimondi – Muti, cond.)
 Massenet: Thaïs (with Sills, Gedda, van Allan – Maazel, cond.)

1977
 Cilea: Adriana Lecouvreur (with Scotto, Domingo, Obraztsova – Levine, cond.)
 Bizet: Carmen (with Berganza, Domingo, Cotrubas – C. Abbado, cond.)
 Puccini: La fanciulla del West (with Neblett, Domingo – Mehta, cond.)
 Verdi: La forza del destino (with L. Price, Domingo, Cossotto, Giaiotti, Bacquier – Levine, cond.)
 Verdi: La traviata (with Cotrubas, Domingo – Kleiber, cond.)
 Walton: Belshazzar's Feast (Gibson, cond.)

1978
 Rossini: Guglielmo Tell (with Freni, Pavarotti, Mazzoli, Jones, Ghiaurov – Chailly, cond.)
 Verdi: Otello (with Domingo, Scotto – Levine, cond.)
 Verdi: Rigoletto (with Sills, Kraus, M. Dunn, Ramey – Rudel, cond.)
 Puccini: Tosca (with Freni, Pavarotti – Rescigno, cond.)

1979
 Puccini: La bohème (with Scotto, Neblett, Kraus, Manuguerra, Plishka, Tajo; Levine, cond.)

1980
 Massenet: Le roi de Lahore (with Sutherland, Lima, Ghiaurov, Morris, Tourangeau – Bonynge, cond.)

1981
 Ponchielli: La Gioconda (with Caballé, Baltsa, Pavarotti, Ghiaurov – Bartoletti, cond.)

1983
 Thomas:  Hamlet  (with Sutherland, Morris, Conrad, Winbergh, Lewis, Gelling; Bonynge, cond.)

1986
 Ponchielli: La Gioconda (with Marton, Ramey, Lamberti – Patanè, cond.

1990
 Fauré: Requiem (with Te Kanawa – Dutoit, cond.)

2001
 Wolf-Ferrari: Sly (with Carreras, Kabatu – Gimenez, cond.)

Recitals
 Sherrill Milnes in Recital, Volume 1, "There but for You Go I" (Jon Spong, piano)
 Sherrill Milnes in Recital, Volume 2, "Kingdom by the Sea" (Jon Spong, piano)
 Met Legends: Sherrill Milnes
 Grandi Voci: Arias (de la Fuente, cond.)
 The Baritone Voice
 Great Operatic Duets (with Domingo)
 Domingo Conducts Milnes! - Milnes Conducts Domingo! (with Domingo)
 Sherrill Milnes - Arias
 Abide With Me
 The Church's One Foundation
 The America I Love
 Copland: Old American Songs
 Up In Central Park (with B. Sills, Rudel, cond.)
 Griffes: Four German Songs; Songs of the Dagger (Ozawa, cond.)
 A Salute to American Music (with L. Price, M. Horne,R. Merrill, et.al, Conlon, cond.)

DVDs
1976
 Puccini: Tosca (with Kabaivanska, Domingo – Bartoletti, cond., de Bosio, dir.)

1979
 Verdi: Luisa Miller (with Scotto, Domingo, Morris; Levine, cond., Merrill, dir.)

1980
 Verdi: Don Carlo (Scotto, Troyanos, Moldoveanu, Plishka, Hines; Levine, cond., Dexter, dir.)

1983
 Verdi: Ernani (with L. Mitchell, Pavarotti, Raimondi – Levine, cond., Samaritani, dir.)

1984
 Verdi: Simon Boccanegra (with Tomowa-Sintow, Moldoveanu, Plishka – Levine, cond., Capobianco, dir.)

1985
 Verdi: Nabucco (with Bumbry, Cortez, Raimondi – Santi, cond.)
 Sherrill Milnes: An All-Star Gala (various artists)

1986
 Sherrill Milnes at Juilliard: An Opera Master Class

1988
 Verdi: Il trovatore (with Marton, Zajick, Pavarotti – Levine, cond., Melano, dir.)

1989
 Verdi: Aïda (with Millo, Zajick, Domingo – Levine, cond., Frisell, dir.)

1991
 The Metropolitan Opera Gala 1991 - 25th Anniversary at Lincoln Center (various artists)

1992
 Puccini: La fanciulla del West (with Daniels, Domingo – Slatkin, cond., del Monaco, dir.)

1996
 James Levine's 25th Anniversary Metropolitan Opera Gala (various artists)

References
Biographical information from the biography on

External links
 Bio and discography
 Official V.O.I.C. Experience Website
 Northwestern University Notable Alumni Website
 Two Interviews with Sherrill Milnes by Bruce Duffie, October 9, 1985 & February 9, 1993

1935 births
20th-century American male opera singers
American operatic baritones
Bienen School of Music alumni
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Classical musicians from Illinois
Classical musicians from New Jersey
Drake University alumni
Grammy Award winners
Living people
Northwestern University faculty
People from Cresskill, New Jersey
People from Downers Grove, Illinois
Singers from Illinois
Singers from New Jersey

Sherrill Milnes


L'hélicoptère noir (en anglais black helicopter) est un symbole d'une prétendue prise de contrôle militaire conspiratrice des États-Unis dans le mouvement des milices américaines, et a également été associé à des ovnis, en particulier au Royaume-Uni, aux hommes en noir et à des complots de même nature.

Description
Des histoires d'hélicoptères noirs sont apparues pour la première fois dans les années 1970 et étaient liées à des rapports de mutilations de bétail. Il est possible que l'idée provienne du livre de , , publié en 1970 et populaire parmi les théoriciens du complot. Lindsey a conjecturé que les créatures ressemblant à des sauterelles référencées dans le livre de l'Apocalypse dans le Nouveau Testament étaient en fait des hélicoptères, que Jean n'avait jamais vus et ne savait donc pas comment les décrire.

Jim Keith a écrit deux livres sur le sujet : Black Helicopters Over America : Strikeforce for the New World Order (1995) et Black Helicopters II : The End Game Strategy (1998).

L'attention des médias sur les hélicoptères noirs a augmenté en février 1995, lorsque la représentante républicaine du nord de l'Idaho pour le premier mandat, Helen Chenoweth, a accusé des agents fédéraux armés d'atterrir des hélicoptères noirs sur la propriété des éleveurs de l'Idaho pour faire appliquer la loi sur les espèces en voie de disparition. , a déclaré Chenoweth dans une interview au New York Times. .

Les croyants aux théories du complot sur les ovnis prétendent souvent que des hélicoptères noirs non marqués sont vus à proximité des observations d'ovnis, la supposition étant que les hélicoptères appartiennent à un prétendu département gouvernemental secret qui dissimule des preuves de visites extraterrestres et d'ovnis du grand public.

La conjecture des hélicoptères noirs résonne bien avec la croyance de certains dans le mouvement des milices que les troupes des Nations Unies pourraient envahir les États-Unis. La John Birch Society a publié un article dans The New American détaillant comment l'existence de l'avion secret était principalement le produit d'erreurs visuelles possibles et d'une tendance à la prudence excessive.

Utilisation documentée

Les organisations et agences gouvernementales suivantes sont connues pour exploiter des hélicoptères noirs et/ou banalisés aux États-Unis pour des utilisations non classifiées :

 L'US Customs and Border Protection exploite une douzaine d'hélicoptères UH-60 Black Hawk noir et or,
 L'armée américaine des 160e Special Operations Aviation Regiment utilise des hélicoptères principalement peints en noir et d'autres forces américaines opèrent avec des hélicoptères peints dans des couleurs noires ou sombres, en particulier le Pave Low, qui a été optimisé pour l'insertion furtive à longue portée et l'extraction du personnel, y compris la recherche et le sauvetage au combat. L'armée américaine mène régulièrement à la fois des exercices et des missions opérationnelles dans l'espace aérien américain. Certains de ces exercices ont eu lieu dans des villes densément peuplées, notamment Los Angeles, New York, Detroit, San Francisco, La Nouvelle-Orléans, Oakland, Chicago, et Washington, DC. La plupart des missions opérationnelles sont chargées de l'interdiction des stupéfiants dans le sud-ouest américain et hors de la Floride et de Porto Rico. Grâce à l'utilisation intensive d'appareils IR, radar, GPS et de vision nocturne, ainsi que d'autres moyens classifiés, ils sont capables de voler dans des conditions de visibilité nulle sans feux de circulation.
 Au début des années 1970, Air America (une ancienne compagnie aérienne factice exploitée secrètement pour le compte de la CIA sous le couvert d'une entreprise commerciale privée) a effectué des vols d'essai de deux hélicoptères Hughes OH-6 Cayuse noirs hautement modifiés à Culver City, en Californie. Une fois la mission confiée, un hélicoptère a été transféré à la propriété de la Pacific Corporation de Washington, DC. Le deuxième hélicoptère vole actuellement pour le bureau du shérif du comté de Snohomish dans l'État de Washington.
 De nombreux organismes américains chargés de l'application des lois utilisent des hélicoptères noirs pour la surveillance, le transport et la patrouille. Certaines des agences qui les utilisent sont US Customs and Border Protection, l'Immigration and Customs Enforcement, le US Marshals Service, la Drug Enforcement Administration et le Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Terme péjoratif
Le terme a également été utilisé pour ridiculiser d'autres théories du complot ou théoriciens du complot :

 En 2007, un article de Slate sur l'arbitrage du basket-ball déclarait : ,
 En 2013, le vice-président Joe Biden a eu recours à ce terme dans un discours en réponse à la National Rifle Association of America lors de la campagne de la Maison Blanche pour la vérification des antécédents de tous les acheteurs d'armes à feu, déclarant : ,
 En 2018, le département américain de la Sécurité intérieure a proposé une base de données pour surveiller les activités des journalistes, blogueurs et autres « influenceurs médiatiques ». En réponse aux inquiétudes, le porte-parole du DHS a déclaré : « Malgré ce que certains journalistes peuvent suggérer, ce n'est rien de plus que la pratique standard de surveiller les événements actuels dans les médias. Toute suggestion contraire convient aux théoriciens du complot portant un chapeau de papier d'aluminium,
 En 2020, le gouverneur de Floride Ron DeSantis, lors d'une apparition publique avec le vice-président des États-Unis Mike Pence, a repoussé les critiques de son administration dans leur gestion de la pandémie de COVID-19, en déclarant : .

Représentations fictives

 New York 1997 est un film de 1981 où les États-Unis sont dépeints comme un État policier complet en 1997. La police des États-Unis utilise des hélicoptères noirs pour patrouiller les murs frontaliers de l'île de Manhattan, devenue  une colonie pénitentiaire. L'USPF utilise les hélicoptères pour effectuer des extractions, de la surveillance et tuer des détenus qui tentent de s'échapper. Dans la suite de 1996, Los Angeles 2013, les hélicoptères de l'USPF sont plus futuristes dans leur forme et leur fonction avec des rotors repliables qui se rétractent vers le haut après un atterrissage,
 Blue Thunder, un film où un policier est affecté comme pilote d'essai d'un hélicoptère armé avancé de couleur sombre destiné à des missions antiterroristes. Il découvre alors un complot visant à attiser les émeutes dans les ghettos urbains comme prétexte pour déclarer l'état d'urgence nationale afin d'instaurer une dictature, utilisant de tels hélicoptères pour soumettre la population.
 Airwolf, une série télévisée dans laquelle une agence de renseignement connue uniquement sous le nom de « The Firm » utilise un hélicoptère armé avancé de couleur sombre pour mener des missions d'espionnage à l'étranger et aux États-Unis.
 Amerika, une mini-série télévisée dans laquelle l'Union soviétique a pris le contrôle des États-Unis sous le prétexte d'une mission de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies et utilise des hélicoptères armés peints en noir pour intimider la population locale et détruire toute résistance à leur régime.
 Deus Ex, un jeu où le protagoniste utilise un hélicoptère noir comme moyen de transport principal.
 The X-Files : Fight the Future est un long métrage de 1998 écrit par Chris Carter et Frank Spotnitz. Des hélicoptères noirs sont présents lorsqu'ils poursuivent les personnages centraux Fox Mulder et Dana Scully qui ont découvert une installation de stockage pour les abeilles qui ont été génétiquement modifiées pour transporter un virus extraterrestre. Les hélicoptères noirs banalisés jouent également un rôle clé dans les épisodes finaux des saisons deux et neuf de la série télévisée, impliquant L'homme à la cigarette.
 Capricorn One : Après que les astronautes Robert Caulfield et Charles Brubaker se soient échappés d'une installation du gouvernement américain où ils ont été forcés de simuler l'atterrissage sur Mars, ils sont poursuivis par une paire d'hélicoptères noirs menaçants,
 ''The Secret World : des hélicoptères noirs avec des auvents teintés de rouge appartenant au groupe ténébreux Orochi apparaissent à plusieurs endroits dans le jeu, notamment dans la région de Kingsmouth Town, qui comprend une quête intitulée « Hélicoptères noirs ».

Voir aussi

 Hommes en noir
 Mutilations non élucidées de bétail

Références

Hélicoptère
Théorie du complot aux États-Unis
Ufologie et défense
Légende urbaine

Hélicoptère noir


Korsanlar Mağarası, Antalya'nın Alanya ilçesinde bulunan bir mağaradır.

Korsanlar Mağarası, Alanya Kalesi'nin bulunduğu tarihi yarımadanın altında bir deniz mağarasıdır. Teknelerle gidilir. Yarımada çevresindeki tekne turlarında ilk mağaradır. 10 metre genişliğinde ve altı metre yüksekliğinde ağzı vardır. Küçük teknelerle mağaranın içine girilebilir. Tekne gezisi sırasında yüzerek de mağaraya girilir. Bir söylenceye göre mağaranın içinden kaleye çıkan gizli bir yol vardır ve antik çağın korsanları ganimetlerini bu yoldan yukarı çıkarır. Deniz dibindeki kayaların görüntüsü, mağaraya ayrı bir gizem katmaktadır.

Antalya'daki mağaralar
Alanya
Türkiye'deki mağaralar

Korsanlar Mağarası


Alcide Hyacinthe du Bois de Beauchesne (* 31. März 1804 in Lorient, Frankreich; † 29. November 1873 in Varennes-sur-Allier, Frankreich) war ein französischer Schriftsteller.

Beauchesne studierte zu Noyon und Douai, wurde 1825 Kabinettsvorstand des Departments der schönen Künste und zwei Jahre später königlicher Kammerherr. In dieser doppelten Stellung unterhielt er engen Kontakt mit bedeutenden Schriftstellern und Künstlern seiner Zeit. Er forschte zur Literatur des Mittelalters, unternahm zum Zweck dieser Studien eine längere Reise nach Deutschland und wurde nach seiner Rückkehr zum Sektionsvorsteher beim Nationalarchiv ernannt (1853). Im Jahr 1865 wurde er zum Offizier der Ehrenlegion ernannt.

Publikationen
 Louis XVII, sa vie, son agonie, sa mort, captivité de la famille royale au Temple (1852)
 Souvenirs poétiques (1830)
 Le Livre des jeunes mères (1858)

Quelle
 Meyers Konversationslexikon, Zweiter Band, Dritte Auflage, Leipzig 1874, S. 829.

Weblinks

Historiker
Autor
Literatur (19. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Französisch)
Mitglied der Ehrenlegion (Offizier)
Franzose
Geboren 1804
Gestorben 1873
Mann

Alcide Hyacinthe du Bois de Beauchesne


Al Amal, poznata pod nazivom Emiratska Marsova Misija je misija Ujedinjenih Arapskih Emirata lansirana 19. srpnja 2020. pomoću Japanske raketa HII-A iz svemirskog centra Tanegashima. Misijom upravlja Mohammed bin Rashid Space Center, institucija koja je osmislila i razvila misiju. Sonda je izgrađena na Sveučilištu Colorado Boulder, uz pomoć i konzultacije Sveučilišta u Berkeleyju i Državnog Sveučilišta Arizona u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, a prototip sonde testirala je Indijska Agencija za Istraživanja Svemira (ISRO).

Sonda će u orbiti Marsa proučavati klimu planeta, vremenske uzorke u različitim godišnjim dobima, pješčane oluje i posebnosti vremena u različitim regijama na planetu. Pažnja misije bit će posvećena bijegu kisika i vodika u okolni svemir s planeta i uzorcima drastičnih klimatskih promjena na planetu. Sonda je dio procesa transformacije ekonomije Ujedinjenih Arapskih Emirata iz one temeljene na iskorištavanju prirordnih resurspa prema onoj temeljenoj na znanju.

Al Amal je jedna od tri svemirske misije koje su u veljači 2021. započele svoju misiju u orbiti ili na površini Marsa. Druge dvije misije su ona Kineske Svemirske Agencije pod nazivom Tianwen-1 i NASA-in rover Perseverance. Uspješnim ulaskom u orbitu planeta 9. veljače Ujedinjeni Arapski Emirati ušli su društvo nekolicine država koje su uspjele poslati sondu u orbitu Marsa i jedina uz Indiju kojoj je to pošlo od prve.

Marsovi orbiteri
Ujedinjeni Arapski Emirati

Al Amal


1978 හා 1986 වසර වලදී ලෝක පාපන්දු ශුරතාව හිමි කර ගෙන ඇත. දකුණු ඇමෙරිකානු කලාපයේ සියලු තරඟ ජය ගනිමින් 2014 ලෝක කුසලාන තරඟාවලියට සුදුසුකම් ලබාගෙන ඇත. ආර්ජන්ටිනාව ජාත්‍යන්තර පාපන්දු ශ්‍රේණිගත කිරීමෙහි 5 වන ස්ථානයේ පසුවෙයි.

ආර්ජන්ටිනා ජාතික පාපන්දු කණ්ඩායම


Stijepo Gleđ Markos (Dubrovnik, 10. studenoga 1980.) je međunarodno renomirani hrvatski pjevač i glumac. Odigrao je više stotina kazališnih predstava u Gradskom kazalištu Marina Držića u Dubrovniku, Zagrebačkom gradskom kazalištu Komediji i drugdje. Glumeći glavne uloge u mjuziklima kao solist tenor, razvio je svoje glazbene sposobnosti.

Prvi festivalski nastup imao je na Zagrebačkom festivalu 2007. godine, gdje je zabilježio pobjedu s pjesmom "Moja prva Zagrebačka ljubav".

Stijepo Gleđ Markos surađuje s orkestrima Hrvatske radiotelevizije, Zagrebačkom filharmonijom, Zagrebačkim solistima, Dubrovačkim simfonijskim orkestrom i britanskim "Brodsky Quartetom". Član je Hrvatske udruge orkestralnih i komornih umjetnika.

Pred Uskrs 2021. godine objavio je svoj prvi album kršćanske duhovne glazbe pod imenom "Moja Hridino".

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Stijepo Gleđ Markos, mrežne stranice
 Stijepo Gleđ Markos. Scardona (diskografska kuća)

Životopisi, Dubrovnik
Hrvatski pjevači
Hrvatski glumci
Kršćanski glazbenici

Stijepo Gleđ Markos