The following is a list of presidents of Mozambique, since the establishment of the office of President in 1975.

The current president is Filipe Nyusi. Nyusi was inaugurated for his first term as the fourth president of Mozambique on 15 January 2015, and for his second, final term on 15 January 2020.

Term limits
As of 2021, there is a two-term limit for the president in the Constitution of Mozambique. The first president for whom the term limits applied was Joaquim Chissano in 2005.

Presidents of Mozambique (1975–present)

|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=8| People's Republic of Mozambique

|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=8| Republic of Mozambique

Timeline

Latest election

See also

Mozambique
List of prime ministers of Mozambique
List of colonial governors of Mozambique
List of heads of the National Resistance Government of Mozambique
Lists of office-holders
List of current heads of state and government

Sources
 http://rulers.org/rulm2.html#mozambique
 http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Mozambique.htm
 African States and Rulers, John Stewart, McFarland
 Guinness Book of Kings, Rulers & Statesmen, Clive Carpenter, Guinness Superlatives Ltd
 Heads of State and Government, 2nd Edition, John V da Graca, MacMillan Press 2000

References

Mozambique, List of presidents of

1975 establishments in Mozambique
Presidents
Presidents

List of presidents of Mozambique


Ernesto Levorati,  1876 - 1898, est un peintre italien, principalement de sujets de genre dans des costumes d'époque des premiers siècles vénitiens.

Biographie

Il réside à Venise à partir de 1884 et ensuite à Susegana.
En 1874 à Milan, il réalise Intérieur de l'église de Santa Maria dei Frari. En 1885, il expose Popolana. En 1880, à Turin, il expose Scène veneziane ; en 1881 à Milan, Una Ninetta et Un acquaiolo ; à Rome, Il mio piccino et Rio Santa Barbara di notte ; à Turin, en 1884, Automne et Printemps. ; à Milan en 1885, Verso Sera et Quiete ; à Venise, en 1887, I Figli en Afrique et Tipi veneziano. Il expose également à Milan Testa di Ragazza (1890) et Idillio (1893). Sa dernière œuvre connue exposée en 1898 est   Portrait d'un jeune garçon.

Notes et références

Annexes

Article connexe
 Liste de peintres italiens

Liens externes

Peintre italien du XIXe siècle
Peintre italien du XXe siècle
Peintre vénitien

Ernesto Levorati


Simptomatoloji ya da Semptomatoloji, yaşlanan bireylerde meydana gelen yapısal ve ruhsal bozukluk zayıflıklarını, yaşlanmanın belirtilerini (semptomları) inceleyen bilim dalıdır.

Gelişim biyolojisi
Fizyoloji
Tıp bilimleri

Simptomatoloji


Complexul Arheologic Bactria-Margiana (în engleză: Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex; nume abreviat în română: CABM; nume abreviat în engleză: BMAC; cunoscut și ca Civilizația de pe Oxus) este denumirea arheologică modernă pentru o civilizație de Epoca bronzului din Asia Centrală, care a trăit, cu aproximație, din 2300 până în 1700 î.C.. Zona în care ea și-a dus traiul este formată din: nordul Afganistanului, estul Turkmenistanului, sudul Uzbekistanului și vestul Tadjikistanului, în jurul fluviului Amudaria (cunoscut și ca fluviul Oxus). Civilizația a fost denumită de aceeași persoană care i-a descoperit siturile, arheologul sovietic Viktor Sarianidi în anul 1976. Bactria a fost numele grec al zonei Bactra (care are, în prezent, numele Balch), care e acum în nordul Afganistanului.

Bactria
Culturi arheologice
Epoca bronzului
Situri arheologice din Afganistan

Complexul Arheologic Bactria–Margiana


Nogometna zona Varaždin – Čakovec, odnosno Zonska liga Varaždin – Čakovec za sezonu 1981./82. je predstavljala ligu petog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije.  Sudjelovalo je 14 klubova, a prvak je bila "Crvena zvijezda" iz Sračinca.

Ljestvica

 Ladanje danas podijeljeno na Donje Ladanje i Gornje Ladanje. "Metalac" (danas "Rudar 47") je iz Donjeg Ladanja

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Unutarnje poveznice
 Liga Zagrebačke regije 1981./82.
 Međuopćinska liga Varaždin 1981./82.
 Zona ZO Bjelovar 1981./82.
 Regionalna liga Zagreb 1981./82.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori
 Ivica Vukotić: VŽ nogomet, Varaždin, 1990., str. 97
 nk-nedelisce.hr, sezona 1981./82., pristupljeno 5. ožujka 2018.
 Franjo Novak, Zvonko Gerić: NK Podravina : Ludbreg : [1919.-2009.], Ludbreg, 2001.,
 library.foi.hr, "Varaždinske vijesti"
 library.foi.hr, "Varaždinske vijesti", br. 1951 (23/1982), god. XXXVIII, izdano 17. lipnja 1982., str. 11 ("Sport"), preuzeto 9. rujna 2019.

1981-82 Varaždin-Čakovec
Varaždin-Čakovec
1981-82 Varaždin-Čakovec

Zonska nogometna liga Varaždin – Čakovec 1981./82.


The Council for the National Interest ("CNI") is a 501(c)(4) non-profit, non-partisan anti-war advocacy group focused on transparency and accountability about the relationship of Israel and the United States and the impact their alliance has for other nations and individuals in other Middle East countries. Based in the United States and most active during the 2000s decade, the Council has highlighted Israel's disposition towards its neighbors, and how Middle Eastern nations, Palestinian rights and other aspects of Middle East life & relations are impacted by the Israel's policies and its financial, trade, and military relationships with the US. They have focused on popular sentiment and perceptions in the US and the  between the two countries. They highlight how these policies have impacted the fate of Palestine and, treatment of Muslims within the US since the 1990s.

Personnel and formation
The CNI is aligned with The Council for the National Interest Foundation ("CNIF"), an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. CNI was founded in 1989 by former Congressmen Paul Findley (R-Ill.) and Pete McCloskey (R-Calif.). Its first executive director was ten-term congressman John B. Anderson (R-Ill.), who ran as an Independent candidate in the 1980 presidential election.

Other officials involved with CNI over the years include long-time president Eugene Bird, a retired career foreign service officer; Edward Peck, former Chief of Mission to Iraq deputy director of the White House Task Force on Terrorism in the Reagan Administration.; former United States Senator James Abourezk; former CNI Vice-chair David Newton, a former United States Ambassador to Iraq and Yemen, and Richard H. Curtiss, former chief inspector of the United States Information Agency.

Ambassador (ret.) Robert V. Keeley is CNI's chair and Alison Weir is the organization's president. Former Central Intelligence Agency officer Philip Giraldi is its executive director. Giraldi has stated that CNI has 12,000 members.

CNI was a member of the US Campaign for Palestinian Rights until 2017, when it was removed for violating the campaign's policy on antisemitism, due to Giraldi's expression of antisemitism in an article for the Unz Review.

Activities

Position statements
CNI issues position statements, articles and recommendations on Middle East-related issues and is quoted in mainstream and Middle East media.
 In 1988 CNI President Eugene Bird wrote about Israel's ignoring United States State Department complaints about detention and possible torture of U.S. citizens. In early 2002, Eugene Bird criticized then-United States President George W. Bush for supporting Israel's policies in the occupied West Bank.
 In 2003, CNI called for the Senate to reject Daniel Pipes as a trustee of the United States Institute of Peace, charging he had "gone out of his way to say insulting things to Arabs, Palestinians, Muslim Americans, Black Muslims, Muslims and Islam."
 In 2004 it opined on the probable transfer of power from Yasser Arafat to his successor.* "Analysis: Preparing the post-Arafat era" (2004)
 In 2005 a representative criticized a World Bank's proposed plan to give Palestinians money to enhance check points, noting that if those checkpoints were in the occupied territories it was against international law.
 After the U.S. Congress gave Israel a vote of confidence during its 2006 bombing of Lebanon, Eugene Bird said, "This is the usual problem with any resolution that talks about Israel—there are a lot of closet naysayers (in Congress), but they don't want to be a target of the lobby of Israel."
 In October 2006, CNI published a piece on the negative effect of Christian Zionists on U.S. foreign policy, and held a forum on the topic featuring Reverend Bob Edgar of the National Council of Churches.
 In April 2006, after professors John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt produced their disputed paper entitled "The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy", CNI's Paul Findley told National Public Radio he was pleased about the paper and said "I think I can pose as a foremost expert on the lobby for Israel, because I was the target the last three years I was in Congress."
 In the first days of the 2008–2009 Gaza War, CNI issued a statement comparing the attacks to the 1960 Sharpeville massacre where the South African apartheid regime killed 69 protesters, leading eventually to sanctions against the regime. In August 2009, Paul Findley was quoted by The Christian Science Monitor as saying that President Obama's demands Israel stop the settlements had made him a target of the Israel lobby in the United States.

Draft legislation
In 2004, CNI proposed the "Israel Accountability and Security Act of 2004". It called upon Israel to dismantle all existing settlements outside of the 1967 border, to halt construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier, to end home demolitions in the West Bank and Gaza, and to dismantle its nuclear weapons program and join a Middle East non-proliferation treaty, and to engage in "serious and unconditional" negotiations with the Palestinians, Syria and Lebanon. Noncompliance would result in U.S.-imposed diplomatic, military and economic sanctions. It also commissioned a Zogby poll which found 56 per cent of Americans agreed that Congress should pass such a bill. The bill never became law.

Israel lobby in the United States

CNI representatives have signed on to joint initiatives, as Eugene Bird did to the 2004 letter by 60 former U.S. diplomats who distributed a letter critical of President George W. Bush's "endorsement of Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's unilateral plan to reject the rights of three million Palestinians, to deny the right of refugees to return to their homeland, and to retain five large illegal settlement blocs in the occupied West Bank", reversing "long-standing American policy in the Middle East". In February 2005, CNI joined other concerned organizations in a meeting with Department of State officials regarding Israeli mistreatment of Palestinian American prisoners and called for the release of some of the prisoners. In May 2005, CNI joined with more than a dozen groups to protest the annual American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) convention. In July 2006, CNI co-sponsored a protest of over 400 people at the Israeli Embassy during the 2006 Lebanon War between Israel and Hezbollah. In 2007 CNI joined 30 other groups calling for the U.S. government to obtain detailed site information on Israel's cluster bomb strikes in Lebanon during its 2006 attacks on that nation. In 2012, the Council's director Alison Weir participated in a panel on AIPAC during the "Occupy AIPAC" conference in Washington, D.C., that was organized by a number of antiwar and pro-Palestinian groups.

Polls

CNI has commissioned several polls. A 2003 Zogby International poll showed that while 56% of Americans strongly support or somewhat support a Palestinian state, 30% somewhat or strongly oppose a Palestinian state while 14% were not sure. A mid-2004 Zogby poll found that half of all likely American voters agreed that Democratic Party presidential candidate John Kerry "should adopt an entirely new policy, different from the present administration, toward Israel." A 2006 Zogby poll on the Iraq war found that a nearly equal number of likely American voters (40 to 39 percent) agreed or disagreed with the proposition that "the work of the Israel lobby on Congress and the Bush administration has been a key factor for going to war in Iraq and now confronting Iran."

Conferences and hearings
In April 2002, CNI's Foundation sponsored a four-day conference titled "Rescue U.S. Middle East Policy and Challenge the Lobby" meant to draw attention to what it believed was the George W. Bush administration's lop-sided pro-Israeli policies. Speakers included former members of the United States Congress, representatives of Palestinian and Arab groups who recently had witnessed Israeli demolition of West Bank refugee camps during "Operation Defensive Shield", and members of the media who discussed the media's role in foreign policy. Conference attendees also spent a full day lobbying members of congress.

CNI conducts public hearings on Capitol Hill. Noteworthy events included a June 2004 event CNI co-sponsored with the Council on American-Islamic Relations, a presentation on "The Muslim Vote in 2004" where independent presidential candidate Ralph Nader complained that "Muslim Americans are only the latest religious and ethnic group to feel the brunt of political hysteria and abuse" and commented about Israeli leaders "The days when the chief Israeli puppeteer comes to the United States and meets with the puppet in the White House and then proceeds to Capitol Hill, where he meets with hundreds of other puppets, should be replaced." This led to a heated debate with the Anti-Defamation League. The Council for the National Interest partnered with the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, a Holocaust denial conference held in Tehran, Iran in 2006.

Other hearings include a 2004 hearing "Voting to Reverse the Neocons", a January 2006 hearing featuring Palestinian envoy Afif Safieh and a mid-2006 hearing on "The Politics of Starvation: The Humanitarian Crisis in Palestine". In 2008 CNI sponsored a hearing on the dangers of United States' uncritical support for Israel which featured professor John Mearsheimer.

Advertisements
In 2005 and 2010, CNI paid for full-page ads in The New York Times promoting its positions. In 2004 it paid for an ad in The Washington Times that criticized Israel for conducting espionage and covert operations against the United States and for erecting an "apartheid wall" separating Israel and Palestinians and building illegal settlements. AIPAC replied that this was an attempt to convince policymakers that AIPAC "is doing something wrong". In 2013 CNI paid for ten billboard advertisements in Atlanta, Georgia, and six more nationwide protesting United States government's "blank check" funding for Israel.

Fact finding tours
For a number of years, CNI has been known in the Middle East for organizing regular "political pilgrimages" to promote dialogue among American citizens, including many former officials, and Arab leaders, many of whom are on the United States "political terrorism" list or the unofficial persona non grata list. These have included Hezbollah's Naim Qassim, Nawaf Ammar and Ibrahim Mousawi and Lebanon's Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, Michel Aoun, Walid Jumblatt and Sheik Abed al Karem Obeid. In Spring 2006, CNI members, including Edward Peck, conducted a fact-finding tour of the Middle East region, meeting with heads of state and acting as international observers in the Palestinian election process. Three were former U.S. diplomats who met in Lebanon with Hassan Nasrallah leader of Hezbollah.

In July 2007 CNI sponsored a meeting in Haret Hreik, Lebanon, between former U.S. Ambassador to Lebanon Robert Dillon and leaders of Hezbollah. In preparation for the November 2007 Annapolis Conference to discuss a two-state solution for the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, CNI funded a 2007 trip by six representatives, including Ambassador Robert V. Keeley and Daniel Lieberman. They met in face-to-face talks with prime ministers, foreign ministers and non-government officials of Israel, the Palestinian Authority, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon.

CNI sponsored a 2008 trip which included both "citizen diplomats" and retired diplomats like Richard Noyes Viets who met with, among others, representatives of Hamas. In 2009 CNI representatives, including former Ambassador to Russia Jack F. Matlock, Jr. met with Hamas leader Khaled Mashal. The tour of Gaza, Israel, the West Bank, Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon was led by Harriet Mayor Fulbright, wife of the late U.S. Senator J. William Fulbright. She later wrote Secretary of State Hillary Clinton asking her to urge Israel to allow freer movement in and out of Gaza and to allow U.S. diplomats to meet with Hamas and Hezbollah officials.

In 2010, a delegation of politicians, academics and members of the Council for the National Interest met with Gaza Strip Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh. His spokesperson told reporters Haniyya wanted direct relations with the United States and the international community and said that "Hamas is not against the efforts aiming to establish of a Palestinian state on the pre-1967 borderlines with Jerusalem as its capital". Then CNI Vice-Chair Ambassador David Newton said the group intended to "convey the reality of the humanitarian situation to the US Congress."

Controversy
CNI has been called anti-Israel by author Mitchell Bard and Martin J. Raffel of the Jewish Council for Public Affairs.

Executive director of CNI, Philip Giraldi, is also the author of a regular column at The Unz Review, a far right online publication known to publish advocacy for Holocaust denial and justifications for anti-semitism.

In 2000, Pete McCloskey gave a speech at a conference of the Institute for Historical Review, a publisher of Holocaust denial material. When McCloskey ran in the 2006 Republican Party primary for Congress, which he would lose, there was a public controversy over exactly what he said about the Holocaust at the event.

Abdurahman Alamoudi, a member of the CNI Board of Directors, stated at a rally on October 28, 2000, against Israel in Lafayette Park, across from the White House: "'Hear that, Bill Clinton! We are all supporters of Hamas. I wish they add that I am also a supporter of Hizballah." Both Hamas and Hizballah are designated as terrorist groups by the United States, Israel, Japan, Canada and others.

In 2004, Alamoudi pleaded guilty to financial and conspiracy charges related to terrorism and was subsequently sentenced to 23 years in prison. Eugene Bird explained that at the time he joined CNI Alamoudi was a highly regarded Muslim spokesperson who worked with the United States Department of State. As soon as Alamoudi was convicted, CNI asked him to leave its board.

On May 4, 2004, Eugene Bird was interviewed by Neil Macdonald on Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's (CBC) National News and commented, "We know that the Israeli intelligence was operating in Baghdad after the war was over. The question should be, were there any foreign interrogators among those that were recommending very, very bad treatment for the prisoners?" Honest Reporting Canada, a pro-Israel NGO objected to Eugene Bird's comments and wrote complaints to the CBC. This resulted in CBC later stating "there was no evidence Israel was involved in the Abu Ghraib affair" and that CBC was negligent in not mentioning Bird's connection to the Council for the National Interest.

The ADL voiced concern about a 2003 article written by board member Paul Findley, in which the ADL said Findley blamed America's relationship with Israel for the September 11 attacks. The ADL quoted Findley as writing "Nine-eleven would not have occurred if the U.S. government had refused to help Israel humiliate and destroy Palestinian society".

In 2006, the Jewish Community Center of Greater Washington cancelled a poetry reading by the Partners for Peace group because it rented office space from CNI. Center representative stated that because of Partners for Peace's "link to an anti-Zionist group, we decided it wasn't in the best interests of the center and the community to co-sponsor the event." Faith United Methodist Church in Rockville sponsored the event instead.

See also
 If Americans Knew
 List of anti-war organizations

References

External links
 Official website

Israel–United States relations
United States–Middle Eastern relations
Middle Eastern studies in the United States
Foreign policy and strategy think tanks in the United States
Foreign policy political advocacy groups in the United States
Non-governmental organizations involved in the Israeli–Palestinian peace process
Organizations established in 1989
Anti-Zionism in the United States
501(c)(4) nonprofit organizations

Council for the National Interest


Die Kirche zur Überführung der Reliquien des Hl. Nikolaus (serbisch: Црква преноса моштију Светог оца Николаја, Crkva prenosa moštiju Svetog oca Nikolaja) in der Kleinstadt Mačvanska Mitrovica ist eine serbisch-orthodoxe Kirche im nördlichen Serbien.

Die in den 1930er Jahren erbaute Kirche gehört zur Pfarrei Mačvanska Mitrovica im Dekanat Mačva der Eparchie Šabac der serbisch-orthodoxen Kirche. Die Kirche ist der Überführung der Reliquien des Hl. Nikolaus geweiht.

Lage
Die Kirche befindet sich im Zentrum der nordserbischen Stadt Mačvanska Mitrovica. Das Gotteshaus steht fast direkt am Ufer der Save, einem rechten Nebenfluss der Donau. Sie steht an der Straße Mačvanski Kej.

Nahe der Kirche steht eine Brücke, die Mačvanska Mitrovica mit der direkt am anderen Ufer der Save liegenden Stadt Sremska Mitrovica verbindet. Nahe der Kirche stehen ein Restaurant und eine Bäckerei.

Geschichte

Auf dem Gebiet der Stadt stand im 2. Jahrhundert eine Kirche die dem Hl. Irinej geweiht war, diese Kirche wurde vier Mal zerstört und erneuert, weiteres ist zu der Kirche nicht bekannt.
Die Kirche wurde von 1936 bis 1939 errichtet. Am 22. Mai 1939 wurde die Kirche vom damaligen Bischof der damaligen Eparchie Šabac-Valjevo Simeon (Stanković) eingeweiht.

Ktitor der Kirche war Nikola P. Marković. Er wurde 1879 in der Stadt geboren und starb am 27. Juni 1944 in Šabac. Heutiger Priester der Kirche von Mačvanska Mitrovica ist Dragiša Stefanović. Mit seiner Ernennung zum Priester wurde Mačvanska Mitrovica eine eigenständige Kirchengemeinde.

Architektur
Die Kirche ist eine Drei-Konchen-Choranlage und im Stil der Morava-Schule errichtet. Auffällig ist die große Kuppel in der Mitte des Kirchenschiffs, was kennzeichnend für diesen Kirchenbaustil des mittelalterlichen Serbien ist. Der kleine Kirchturm ist an der Westfassade der Kirche angebaut. Im Inneren befinden sich typisch byzantinische Fresken und eine Ikonostase mitsamt Ikonen.

Belege
 Seite über die Kirche auf der Seite Mačvanski sajt (serbisch)
  (serbisch)

Weblinks

Macvanska Mitrovica
Macvanska Mitrovica
Opština Sremska Mitrovica
Macvanska Mitrovica

Kirche zur Überführung der Reliquien des Hl. Nikolaus (Mačvanska Mitrovica)


Cartea a treia a Regilor
 Cartea a patra a Regilor

Vezi și
 Cărțile lui Samuel
 Cărțile Cronicilor

Cărțile Regilor


A cannonball is round shot ammunition for a cannon.

Cannonball or cannon ball may also refer to:

Biology
 Couroupita guianensis, an evergreen tree commonly called the cannonball tree
 Sphaerobolus, a genus commonly known as the cannonball fungi
 Cannonball jellyfish, a species of jellyfish

Film and television
 Cannonball (film), a 1976 film inspired by "Cannon Ball" Baker
 Cannonball (TV series), a TV show about two truck drivers, produced in Canada in 1958–59 and syndicated in the U.S. in 1959–60
 Cannonball (Australian game show)
 Cannonball (British game show)
 Cannonball (American game show)
 "Cannonball", a 2003 episode of Lilo & Stitch: The Series
 Hooterville Cannonball, a fictional train in the television series Petticoat Junction

Music

Albums
 Cannonball (album), by Pat Green, 2006
 Cannonball!!!, by Bleubird, 2012

Songs
 "Cannonball" (The Breeders song), 1993
 "Cannonball" (Damien Rice song), 2002; covered by Little Mix, 2011
 "Cannonball" (Duane Eddy song), 1958
 "Cannonball" (Lea Michele song), 2013
 "Cannonball" (Showtek and Justin Prime song), 2013
 "Cannonball" (Skylar Grey song), 2015
 "Cannonball" (Supertramp song), 1985
 "Cannonball" (Tom Dice song), 2017
 "Cannonball", by Alestorm from Seventh Rum of a Seventh Rum, 2022
 "Cannonball", by Brandi Carlile from The Story, 2007
 "Cannonball", by Dog Eat Dog, 2005
 "Cannonball", by Five Iron Frenzy from The End Is Near, 2004
 "Cannonball", by Grouplove from Big Mess, 2016
 "Cannonball", by Gudda Gudda, featuring Drake, 2009

People and characters
 Cannonball (nickname), a list of people
 Cannonball (comics), a Marvel Comics character associated with the X-Men
 Cannonball (G.I. Joe), a fictional character in the G.I. Joe universe
 Cannonball (Transformers), the Decepticon space pirate in the Transformers toy line
 Cannonball, also known as Experiment 520, a fictional alien character in the Lilo & Stitch franchise

Places
 Cannon Ball, North Dakota, a city
 Cannonball River, a tributary of the Missouri River
 Cannonball Cliffs, Alexander Island, Antarctica

Trains
 The Cannon Ball, a Boston & Maine Railroad train from Boston to Plymouth, New Hampshire
 The Cannonball (LIRR train), a seasonal train operated by the Long Island Rail Road along its Montauk Branch
 The Cannon Ball a train operated by the Norfolk & Western Railway with the Pennsylvania Railroad, Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad, and the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, from New York to Norfolk, Virginia

Other uses
 Cannonball (diving), a diving maneuver
 Cannonball (missile), originally intended to be a US Navy anti-ship missile, later developed as an anti-tank missile
 Cannonball (novel), a novel by Joseph McElroy
 Cannonball Musical Instruments, a Salt Lake City-based musical instrument manufacturer
 Cannon Ball roller coaster, a wooden roller coaster at Lake Winnepesaukah, Georgia/Tennessee border
 Cannonball problem, a mathematical problem
 Cannon Ball Route, an early auto route between Kansas City and Chicago
 Operation Cannonball, a Central Intelligence Agency operation
 Cannonball Motorcycle Club, an outlaw motorcycle club in Finland

See also
 Cannonball Run (disambiguation)
 Cannon & Ball, a British comedy double act

Cannonball (disambiguation)


Omiya Ardija (大宮アルディージャ), er en japansk professionel fodboldklub, baseret i Saitama, og de spiller i J2 League.

Titler
 J2 League mesterskab (1): 2015

Historiske slutplaceringer

Nuværende trup
Pr. 9. september 2019.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger
 J.League

Fodboldklubber i Japan

Omiya Ardija


Prva liga Srbije i Crne Gore je bila najviša nogometna liga u Srbiji i Crnoj Gori, odnosno u SR Jugoslaviji.

O ligi
Liga je svoje natjecanje započela kao Prva savezna liga u ljeto 1991. "krnje Jugoslavije", koju su napustile Hrvatska i Slovenija zbog Domovinskog rata i agresije te političke situacije koja je onemogućavala normalno funkcioniranje i vodila raspadu države, te su proglasile neovisnost i utemeljile vlastita natjecanja. Zbog agresije na Bosnu i Hercegovinu, ona je također organizirala referendum i proglasila neovisnost, a njeni klubovi (osim "Borca" iz Banja Luke) nisu dovršili sezonu na proljeće 1992. Također je i Makedonija 1992. proglasila neovisnost te su njeni klubovi po završetku sezone napustili jugoslavenska natjecanja. Stoga je u travnju 1992. godine proglašena SR Jugoslavija kao zajednička država Srbije i Crne Gore.
Od 1993./94. do 1997./98. Prva liga SR Jugoslavije se sastojala od dva jakosna ranga - 1. A lige i 1. B lige.
Us sezonama 1993./94., 1994./95. i 1995./96. 1. A liga  i 1. B liga su igrane u dva dijela kao skupine od deset klubova. Nakon jesenskog dijela četiri posljednjoplasirana kluba iz 1.A lige bi proljeće igrala u 1.B ligi, a prva četiri kluba iz 1. B lige bi proljeće igrala u 1.A ligi.
U sezonama 1996./97. i 1997./98. 1. A i 1. B liga su igrane kao dvije lige od 12 klubova trokružnim sustavom.
Normalno ligaško odigravanje je vraćeno u sezoni 1998./99., ali je ona prekinuta u proljeće 1999. godine zbog rata na Kosovu i NATO-va bombardiranja.
U ožujku 2003. godine SR Jugoslavija postaje Srbija i Crna Gora, te liga postaje Prva Liga Srbije i Crne Gore. U sezoni 2005./06. naziv lige se mijenja u Superliga Srbije i Crne Gore, uz dodatak sponzorskog imena (Meridian Superliga; Meridian je također bio naslovni sponzor Prve lige u sezoni 2004./05.).
U proljeće 2006. godine je održan Referendum o neovisnosti Crne Gore, nakon kojeg je Crna Gora proglasila neovisnost. Stoga su u sezoni 2006./07. formirane nove prve nacionalne lige Srbije i Crne Gore.

Prve tri momčadi u prvenstvima

 - prvenstvo prekinuto na proljeće 1999.
 - klubova u 1.A ligi (jesen) / ukupno u 1.A (jesen i proljeće) / ukupno (1.A i 1.B liga)
 - klubova u 1.A ligi / ukupno (1.A i 1.B liga)

Klubovi po uspješnosti

Prvaci 1.A i 1. B lige (1993. – 1998.)

Tablični pregled sudionika i plasmana u ligi

 Napomene:

Poveznice
 Kup Srbije i Crne Gore u nogometu
 Superliga Srbije
 Prva crnogorska liga
 Prvenstvo Jugoslavije u nogometu
 Prva liga Srbije

Izvori
 rsssf.com, Yugoslavia/Serbia (and Montenegro) - List of Champions
 srbijasport.net - Prva liga SRJ/SiCG
 fsgzrenjanin.com,  RAT, RASPAD SFR JUGOSLAVIJE, SANKCIJE (1991.-2000.), pristupljeno 20. siječnja 2018.
 fsgzrenjanin.com, SISTEM TAKMIČENJA 2000.-2006., pristupljeno 20. siječnja 2018.
 fsgzrenjanin.com, SALDO SR JUGOSLAVIJA - SCG, pristupljeno 20. siječnja 2018.
 claudionicoletti.eu, Yugoslavia 1990-00, pristupljeno 29. siječnja 2018.
 claudionicoletti.eu, Yugoslavia 2000-02, pristupljeno 29. siječnja 2018.
 claudionicoletti.eu, Sebia-Montenegro 2002-06, pristupljeno 29. siječnja 2018.

Nogomet u Srbiji i Crnoj Gori
SCG 1 prv
Crnogorska nogometna natjecanja
Prvoligaška nogometna natjecanja

Prva liga Srbije i Crne Gore u nogometu


The following is a list of all currently recognized species within the genus Corvus (the crows and ravens).

Living species
Listed alphabetically.
 Corvus albus – pied crow (Central African coasts to southern Africa)
 Corvus albicollis – white-necked raven or Cape raven (southern, central, and eastern Africa)
 Corvus bennetti – little crow (Australia)
 Corvus brachyrhynchos – American crow (the United States, southern Canada and northern Mexico)
 Corvus caurinus – northwestern crow (the Olympic Peninsula to southwestern Alaska)
 Corvus capensis – Cape crow or Cape rook (east and southern Africa)
 Corvus corax – common raven or northern raven (the Holarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere)
 Corvus cornix – hooded crow (northern and eastern Europe and northern Africa)
 Corvus corone – carrion crow (Eurasia)
 Corvus coronoides – Australian raven (eastern and southern Australia)
 Corvus crassirostris – thick-billed raven (Ethiopia)
 Corvus cryptoleucus – Chihuahuan raven (southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico)
 Corvus culminatus – Indian jungle crow (India and Sri Lanka)
 Corvus edithae – Somali crow (eastern Africa)
 Corvus enca – slender-billed crow (Malaysia, the Philippines, Borneo, Indonesia)
 Corvus florensis – Flores crow (Flores, Indonesia)
 Corvus frugilegus – rook (Eurasia, introduced to New Zealand)
 Corvus fuscicapillus – brown-headed crow (New Guinea)
 Corvus hawaiiensis (formerly C. tropicus) – Hawaiian crow (Hawaii)
 Corvus imparatus – Tamaulipas crow (Gulf of Mexico coast of Texas and northeastern Mexico)
 Corvus insularis – Bismarck crow (Bismark Archipelago, Papua New Guinea)
 Corvus jamaicensis – Jamaican crow (Jamaica)
 Corvus kubaryi – Mariana crow or aga (Guam and Rota, Northern Mariana Islands)
 Corvus leucognaphalus – white-necked crow (Hispaniola)
 Corvus levaillantii – eastern jungle crow (Indian subcontinent to the northern Malay Peninsula)
 Corvus macrorhynchos – large-billed crow (Himalayas, East Asia, the Malay Peninsula, Sunda Islands, and the Philippines)
 Corvus meeki – Bougainville crow or Solomon Islands crow (Bougainville Island and Shortland Islands, Solomon Islands)
 Corvus mellori – little raven (southeastern Australia)
 Corvus moneduloides – New Caledonian crow (New Caledonia)
 Corvus nasicus – Cuban crow (Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, Turks and Caicos Islands)
 Corvus orru – Torresian crow or Australian crow (Australia, New Guinea, Lesser Sunda Islands)
 Corvus ossifragus – fish crow (eastern United States coast)
 Corvus palmarum – palm crow (Cuba, Hispaniola)
Corvus pusillus – Palawan crow (Palawan, Philippines)
 Corvus rhipidurus – fan-tailed raven (eastern Africa, Middle East)
 Corvus ruficollis – brown-necked raven (north Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Central Asia, Pakistan)
 Corvus samarensis – small crow (Samar and Mindanao, Philippines)
 Corvus sinaloae –– Sinaloa crow (Pacific Coast of Mexico)
 Corvus splendens – house crow or Indian house crow (Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Middle East, eastern Africa)
 Corvus tasmanicus – forest raven or Tasmanian raven (Tasmania and adjacent southern coast of Australia)
 Corvus torquatus – collared crow (eastern China south into Vietnam)
 Corvus tristis – grey crow or bare-faced crow (New Guinea and nearby islands)
 Corvus typicus – piping crow or Celebes pied crow (Sulawesi and Muna, Indonesia)
 Corvus unicolor – Banggai crow (Banggai Island, Indonesia)
 Corvus validus – long-billed crow (northern Moluccas, Indonesia)
 Corvus violaceus – violet crow (Seram, Indonesia)
 Corvus woodfordi – white-billed crow or Solomon Islands crow (southern Solomon Islands)

Fossil forms
   Corvus galushai – (fossil: Big Sandy Late Miocene of Wickieup, United States)
   Corvus larteti – (fossil: Late Miocene of France, or Central Europe?)
   Corvus praecorax – (fossil: Early Pliocene of Perpignan, France; possibly a subspecies of C. corone/cornix)
   Corvus simionescui – (fossil: Early Pliocene of Maluşteni-Bereşti, Romania; possibly a subspecies of C. corone/cornix)
   Corvus hungaricus – (fossil: Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Southern Europe; tentatively placed here)
   Corvus moravicus – (fossil: Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Central to Eastern Europe; possibly a subspecies of C. monedula)
   Corvus pliocaenus – (fossil: Late Pliocene –? Early/Middle Pleistocene of Europe; possibly a subspecies of C. corone/cornix)
   Corvus antecorax – (fossil: Late Pliocene – Late Pleistocene of Europe; may be C. janossyi, possibly a subspecies of C. corax)
  Corvus bragai – (fossil: Pliocene/Pleistocene transition of South Africa)
   Corvus betfianus – (fossil: Early Pleistocene of Betfi, Romania; possibly a subspecies of C. corone/cornix)
   Corvus fossilis – (fossil: Late Pleistocene Seveckenberg, Germany; probably a subspecies of C. corax)
   Corvus neomexicanus – (fossil: Late Pleistocene of Dry Cave, United States)
   Corvus antipodum – New Zealand raven (prehistoric: New Zealand)
   Corvus impluviatus – high-billed crow (prehistoric: Hawaii)
   Corvus moriorum – Chatham raven (prehistoric: the Chatham Islands, the southwestern Pacific)
   Corvus pumilis – Puerto Rican crow (prehistoric: Puerto Rico; possibly a subspecies of C. nasicus/palmarum)
   Corvus viriosus – robust crow (prehistoric: Hawaii)
   Corvus sp. – New Ireland crow (prehistoric: New Ireland, Melanesia)

The taxonomy of the C. antecorax/C. fossilis complex as well as the C. pliocaenus/C. betfianus/C. praecorax/C. simionescui, in particular the temporal succession and relationship to the living relatives, is not yet fully resolved. At least some of these "species" seem to have been direct ancestors of the living forms as listed above.

Former species
Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Corvus:
 Indian roller (as Corvus benghalensis)
 Indian paradise flycatcher (as Corvus paradisi)
 Magpie-lark (as Corvus cyanoleucus)
 Western jackdaw (as Corvus monedula)
 Daurian jackdaw (as Corvus dauuricus)
 Eurasian jay (as Corvus glandarius)

References

Corvus
Corvus

List of Corvus species


Bananal may refer to the following places and jurisdictions :

 Bananal, São Paulo, city in Brazil
 Bananal (micro-region), micro-region in Brazil
 Bananal Island, island in Araguaia River, Brazil
 the former Territorial Prelature of Bananal

Bananal


Radomir Antić (; 22 Kasım 1948, Žitište - 6 Nisan 2020), Sırp eski millî futbolcu ve teknik direktör.

22 Kasım 1948'de Yugoslavya'nın Žitište kasabasında doğdu. Partizan takımında yılıdızı parladıktan sonra ülkesinde 11 kez millî forma giydi. 1977-78 sezonunda Fenerbahçe'ye transfer oldu. Özellikle hava toplarındaki hakimiyetiyle Sarı-Lacivertli takımın o sezon şampiyon olmasında önemli rol oynadı. Daha sonra İspanyolların dikkatini çeken Antić, 1978'de Real Zaragoza'nın yolunu tuttu. Futbola İspanya'da nokta koyan futbolcu, başta Atlético Madrid, Real Madrid, Celta Vigo ve Barcelona'da teknik direktörlük yaptı.

Son olarak 27 Ocak 2015'te China League One takımı Hebei China Fortune ile üç yıllık bir sözleşme imzaladı. 18 Ağustos 2015'te görevden alındı.

Kaynakça

1948 doğumlular
Žitište doğumlular
2020 yılında ölenler
Madrid'de hastalıktan ölenler
2010 FIFA Dünya Kupası teknik direktörleri
Yugoslav gurbetçi futbolcular
Yugoslav gurbetçi teknik direktörler
Real Zaragoza futbolcuları
Real Madrid CF teknik direktörleri
Yugoslavya millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
English Football League futbolcuları
Fenerbahçe SK yabancı futbolcuları
Türkiye'deki gurbetçi futbolcular
Sırp gurbetçi teknik direktörler
Sırp gurbetçi futbolcular
Atlético Madrid teknik direktörleri
FC Barcelona teknik direktörleri
RC Celta de Vigo teknik direktörleri
Süper Lig futbolcuları
La Liga futbolcuları
La Liga teknik direktörleri
FK Partizan futbolcuları
Luton Town FC futbolcuları
Real Zaragoza teknik direktörleri
Real Oviedo teknik direktörleri
Sırp asıllı İspanyollar
Sırbistan millî futbol takımı teknik direktörleri
Defans futbolcuları
Çin'deki gurbetçi teknik direktörler
İspanya'daki gurbetçi teknik direktörler
İngiltere'deki gurbetçi futbolcular
İspanya'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
FK Sloboda Užice futbolcuları
İspanya vatandaşlığına kabul edilenler
Bosna-Hersek asıllı Sırplar
Prva Liga (Yugoslavya) futbolcuları
China League One teknik direktörleri
Congguo Cuçio Şiehui Çaoci Liensai teknik direktörleri
Hebei Zhongji teknik direktörleri
İspanya'daki Sırp göçmenler
Çin'deki Sırp gurbetçiler
İngiltere'deki Sırp gurbetçiler
İspanya'daki Sırp gurbetçiler
Türkiye'deki Sırp gurbetçiler

Radomir Antić


Tropidurus erythrocephalus é uma espécie de lagarto da família Tropiduridae. É encontrado no Brasil.

Referências

Répteis do Brasil
Fauna endêmica do Brasil
Répteis descritos em 1987
!CS1 manut: Usa parâmetro autores

Tropidurus erythrocephalus


Mikalı kondansatör, Mika, "εr" bağıl dielektrik sabiti çok yüksek olan ve çok az kayıplı bir elemandır. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı da, yüksek frekans devrelerinde kullanılmaya uygundur.
Mika doğada 0.025 mm 'ye kadar ince tabakalar halinde bulunur. Kondansatör üretiminde de bu mikalardan yararlanılır.

İki tür mikalı kondansatör vardır:
 Gümüş kapalnmış mikalı kondansatör.
 Alüminyum folyolu kaplanmış mikalı kondansatör.

Gümüş Kaplanmış Mikalı Kondansatör
Bu tür kondansatörlerde mikanın iki yüzüne gümüş üskürtülmektedir. Oluşturulan kondansatöre dış bağlantı elektrotları lehimlenerek mum veya reçine gövde içerisine yerleştirilir. Maliyeti diğer türlerine göre yüksektir.

Alüminyum Folyo Kaplanmış Mikalı Kondansatör

Gümüş kaplama çok ince olduğundan, bu şekilde üretilen kondansatör büyük akımlara dayanamamaktadır. Büyük akımlı devreler için, mika üzerine alüminyum folyo kaplanan kondansatörler üretilmektedir.
Mikalı kondansatör ayarlı (trimmer) olarak da üretilmektedir

Kondansatörler

Mikalı kondansatör


إن مصفوفة التداخل (وتسمى أيضاً بمصفوفة التراكب أو بمصفوفة التشابك)  هي عبارة عن مصفوفة مربعة, تُستعمل في الكيمياء الكمومية لوصف العلاقة-البينية لمجموعة من متجهات الأساس للنظام الكمومي. و بشكل أخص, إذا كانت المتجهات متعامدة على بعضها البعض, ستكون مصفوفة التداخل قطرية. بالإضافة, إذا شكلت المتجهات الأساس مجموعة متعامدة منظمة Orthonormal Set, ستكون مصفوفة التداخل مصفوفة تطابق. تكون مصفوفة التداخل دائماً n×n, حيث تكون n هي عدد دوال الأساس المستعملة. و هي نوع من المصفوفات الغرامية (مصفوفة غرام) Gramian Matrix.

و بشكل عام, تعرف مصفوفة التداخل بالمعادلة:

حيث أن

هي تعداد برا-كيت الأساس ذات الرقم j-th (متجه), و

هي الدالة الموجية wavefunction ذات الرقم j-th, تعرف كالتالي

.

المراجع
Quantum Chemistry: Fifth Edition, Ira N. Levine, 2000

بنية جزيئية
ترابط كيميائي
كيمياء كمومية
مصفوفات

مصفوفة التداخل


ශ්‍රී  ලංකා පහතරට වැසි වනාන්තර දිවයිනේ නිරිතදිග කොටසේ උන්නතාංශය මීටර් 1000 ක් (අඩි 3,281) පහල  ශ්රී ලංකාවේ නිවර්තන වැසි වනාන්තර නියෝජනය කරයි.මෙහි  වසර පුරා උණුසුම්, තෙත් කාලගුණයක් පවතී.වසර දහස් ගණනක් සිට මහාභූමියක් වු  ඉන්දියානු  අර්ධද්වීපයෙන් හුදෙකලාව පිහිටීම හේතුවෙන් ශ්රී ලංකාවේ වැසි වනාන්තර තුළ පමණක් දැකිය හැකි බව බොහෝ ශාක සහ සත්ව විශේෂ පරිණාමය වී තිබේ. ඝන වනාන්තර උඩුවියන් සෑදි  ඇත්තේ ගස් විශේෂ  150 කට වැඩි මීටර් 45 (අඩි 148) ක් තරම් ඉහළ කරා
ළඟා වන ස්තර මගිනි.මෙම පහතරට වැසි වනාන්තරය ශ්රී ලංකාවේ මුළු භූමි ප්රමාණයෙන් සියයට 2.14 පමණ වේ . මෙම පරිසර කලාපය ලඳු කැලෑ වලට හා ශ්රී ලංකාවේ  කුඩා ආවේණික ක්ෂීරපායින්ට නිවහනකි . ලොව පුරා සිටින උභය ජීවී විශේෂ වලින් වැඩිම ඝනත්වය ඇත්තේ  ශ්රී ලංකාවේය. එයට ගස් ගෙම්බන් විශේෂ 250 ක් ඇතුලත් වන අතර  ඔවුන් මෙම වැසි වනාන්තර තුළ ජීවත්වේ.

වන ආවරණය
මෙම පහතරට වැසි වනාන්තර මෙරට ;මුළු භූමි ප්රමාණයෙන් 2.14 ක් ආවරණය කරයි. එය  හෙක්ටයාර  124,340.8ක්  (480.1 වර්ග සැතපුම්) පමණවේ.තෙත් මෝසම් වනාන්තර වල  වාර්ෂික වර්ෂාපතනය 2,500-1,800 mm (98-71 දී) පමණ වන අතර ඒවා  උස මීටර් 1000 (අඩි 3,281)  පහල භූමිවල පිහිටා ඇත. කන්නෙලිය, විහාරකැලේ , නාකියදෙනිය, සහ ලෝක උරුමයක් වන සිංහරාජ, මෙම පරිසර කලාපයට නියෝජනය කරන වනාන්තර වේ.බඹරබොටුව , මොරපිටිය,  රුනාකන්ද , ගිලීමලේ හා එරත්නේ  අනෙක් රක්ෂිත වනාන්තර කිහිපයකි. [4] වසර පුරා වර්ෂාපතනය  හා නොවෙනස් උෂ්ණත්වය ජෛව විවිධත්වයෙන් ඉතා පොහොසත් වීමට උපකාරීවේ. මෙම වනාන්තර  ගංගා සඳහා වැදගත් ජල පෝෂක ප්රදේශයක් ලෙස ක්රියා කරයි.

භූ විද්යාත්මක ඉතිහාසය
ශ්රී ලංකාව නොගැඹුරු පෝක් සමුද්ර සන්ධිය මගින් ආසියානු මහාද්වීපයෙන්  වෙන් වූ මහද්වීපික දිවයිනකි. Cretaceous යුගය තෙක් වරක් ශ්රී ලංකාව Gondwanaland කොටසක් විය. පසුව එය ඉන්දීය  භූ තැටියේ කොටසක් ලෙස  වෙන්ව උතුරු දෙසට පා වී ගියේය.වසර මිලියන 55 කට පසුව ඉන්දීය භූ තැටිය ආසියානු මහාභුමීය සමග ඝට්ටනය වුණි.එම නිසා බොහෝ  Gondwana වර්ගීකරණ වර්තමානයේ  ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දැකිය හැකිය.මයෝසීන යුගයේ අගබාගය වන විට පළමුව ශ්රී ලංකා  ඉන්දියානු උප මහාද්වීපයෙන් වෙන් බවට පත් විය.දේශගුණික වෙනස්කම් නිසා  නිරිත දිග ශ්රී ලංකාව සහ ඉන්දියාව බටහිර ඝාට්ස් අතර  සමීපතම අනෙකුත් තෙත් වනාන්තර තුළ  වියළි කලාපයක් ඉස්මතු විය. කෙසේ නමුත් ප්‍රධානභූමියෙන් මුල් වෙන්වීමේ සිටම  දිවයින   ඉඩම් පාලම් මගින් නැවත නැවතත් , එරටට සමග සම්බන්ධ කර ඇති නමුත්, ශ්රී ලංකාවේ තෙත් වනාන්තර හා එහි තෙත් වනාන්තර-අනුවර්තනය biota පාරිසරිකව හුදෙකලා ලෙස හඳුනාගෙන ඇත.

විශේෂාංග
මෙම පරිසර පද්ධතිය අර්ධ  වශයෙන් මීටර් 2,500 (අඩි 8,202) ඉහල එකට බැදුණු වළල්ලකින් වටවී ඇති අතර දුම්බර කඳුවැටියන්  වෙන්ව පවතියි.  මේ කඳු ඔවුන්ගේ ම පරිසර කලාපය, ශ්රී ලංකා කඳුකර වැසි වනාන්තර මගින් නියෝජනය කරයි. මෙම පරිසර කලාපය රතු-කහ podzolic පසට වර්යෙන් සමන්විතවේ. සැප්තැම්බර් මාසයේ සිට මැයි මස දක්වා  දීර්ඝ නිරිතදිග මෝසම් වර්ෂාව මෙම පරිසර කලාපයට මි.මී. 5000 කට අධික (දී 196.9) වර්ෂාපතනයක් ගෙන එයි. මෙහි උෂ්ණත්වය වසර පුරා 27-30 ° C (81-86 ° F) අතර නිරන්තරයෙන් පවතී.ඉන්දියන් සාගරය ආසන්නයේ පැවතීම නිසා  දිනපතා උෂ්ණත්වය සාගරයෙන්  හමන මද සුළඟින් පාලනයවේ . සාපේක්ෂ ආර්ද්‍රතාවය 75% -85% ත් අතර පරාසයක් වේ.

ශාක
 මෙම කලාපයේ වෘක්ෂලතාදියට මූලික වශයෙන්ම දේශගුණය සහ  භූ ලක්ෂණද ද්විතීයිකව භෞම කොන්දේසි දායක වේ.මල් ප්‍රජාවන් දෙකක් ශ්රී ලංකා පහතරට වැසි වනාන්තර තුළ ආධිපත්යය පතුරුවා ඇත. මේවා  Dipterocarpus  (සිංහල 'හොර ") ප්රජාව සහ  නා-දර්ශය ප්‍රජාව (සිංහල" නා-Doona ")වේ.මෙම Dipterocarpus ප්රජාව Dipterocarpus zeylanicus, Dipterocarpus hispidus, Vitex altissima, Chaetocarpus castanocarpus, Dillenia retusa, Dillenia triquetra, Myristica dactyloides, සහ Semecarpus gardneri සමන්විත වේ. මෙම නා-දර්ශය ප්රජාව, Anisophyllea cinnamamide, Cullenia rosayroana,  නා ගස (ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ගස) Mesua  nagassarium, Myristica dactyloides, Palaquium petiolare, දර්ශය affinis, දර්ශය congestiflora, දර්ශය disticha, දර්ශය megistophylla, දර්ශය trapezi folia, දර්ශය වෝර්තින්ටන් , Syzygium rubicundum, යනාදියෙන්ද Chaetocarpus castanocarpus, Garcinia hermonii, Syzygium neesianum, සහ Xylopia championi හි උප වියන් වලින්ද සමන්විතවේ.
මෙම පරිසර කලාපයට අයත් අසේවිත වනාන්තර ස්ථර හතරකින් යුක්තය. මීටර  30-40 (98-131 අඩි) දී ප්රධාන වියන්, මීටර  15-30 (49-98 අඩි) දී උප වියන්, මීටර් 5-15 (16-49 අඩි ඇති ) යටි, සහ විරල පඳුරු ස්ථරය.   ම තු වන ස්ථර යේ ශාක ප්රධාන වියනත්
මීටර් 45 (අඩි 148) දක්වා පැතිර යයි.

වෙරළ තීරයේ සමීප පිහිටා වගුරැ වනාන්තර පරිසර කලාපයට තුළ එකිනෙකට වෙනස් පුරුද්දක් ප්රදේශවේ . Avicennia-Rhizophora-Sonneratia කඩොලාන වෙරළ තීරයේ වාටිය ආධිපත්යය පතුරුවා ඇත.

ජෛවවිවිධත්වය
සියලුම  ලංකාවට ආවේණික ශාක හා සත්ව නිරිත දිග වැසි වනාන්තර පමණක්  සීමා වී  ඇත. උණුසුම් තෙත් දේශගුණිය හා  දිගු භෞතික හුදෙකලාව, සම්මත තෙත් වනාන්තර විශේෂ ඒකදේශිකතාවකය  විශේෂඥ ඉහල තලයකට උසස් කර ඇත. ශ්රී ලංකාවට  ආවේණික ශාක විශේෂ 306 අතුරින් සියයයට 60 කට වැඩි ශාක  මෙම පරිසර කලාපයට සීමා වේ. තවත් විශේෂ 61ක්  කඳුකර වැසි වනාන්තර සහ වියළි වනාන්තරවල පැතිර පවතී . ආසියානු වැසි වනාන්තර තුල ප්රමුඛ ශාක පවුල වන  Dipterocarpaceae මෙහි විශේෂ එකදේශියතාවයක්  පෙන්වයි. Dipterocarpaceae  පවුලට  අයත් ශාක විශේෂ 58 කින් ආවේණික විශේෂ දෙකක් පමණක් මෙම වැසි වනාන්තර ද සොයා ගත හැක. Anoectochilus setaceus හෝ Wanaraja ( "වනාන්තර රජු" සඳහා සිංහල) ආවේණික උඩවැඩියා මෙම පරිසර කලාපයේ පමණක්  සුරක්ෂිත වනාන්තර දක්නට ලැබේ. ශාක විශේෂ කිහිපයක් ඉතා දේශීයකරණය බෙදාහැරීමේ පෙන්වයි . පහත් බිම් හා උප කඳුකර වනාන්තර, ශ්රී ලංකාව තුළ හා දකුණු ආසියාව පුරාම ශාකමය අතින් අතිශයින් සාරවත්බවක් පෙන්වයි

සත්ත්ව සංහතිය

ක්ෂිරපායින්
විශාල සතුන් සංඛය්යාවක් සඳහා  ශ්රී ලංකා භූමි ප්රදේශය ප්‍රමාණවත්  නොමැත.  rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses, සිංහ ආදී සතුන්ගේ  පාරම්පරික ආකාරයේ පොසිල වාර්තා රැසක් සොයා ගෙන ඇත. සුළු  විශේෂ  සංඛ්යාව නොතකා, මෙම පරිසර කලාපය  අතිශය ආවේනික ශාක විශේෂ, ලඳු කැලෑ ඇතුළු ආසන්න ආවේනික ක්ෂීරපායීන්, සඳහා නිවහනක් වී ඇත. ලංකාවට ආවේණික ලඳු කැළෑ වර්ග දෙක ආසියානු ගොඩබිම ලඳු කැළෑ සහ වනාන්තර ලඳු කැළෑ වශයෙන්  පිළිවෙලින් ගොදුරු වන හා වඳ වී යන ලෙස ලැයිස්තුගත කර ඇත.ශ්රී ලංකා දිවියා දිවයිනේ විශාලතම මාංශ භක්ෂක සත්වයා වන අතර හඳුනාගත් තර්ජනයට ලක්වූ සත්වයකි.  ආසියානු අලි ඇතුන් මෙම වැසි වනාන්තර තුළ සුළු වශයෙන් ජීවත් වන සහ තර්ජනයට ලක් වූ ලෙස ලැයිස්තුගත කර ඇත. ඔවුන් විශාල වශයෙන් ජීවත් වන වියළි කලාපීය වනාන්තර, මෙන් නොව  මෙම පරිසර පද්ධතියන්ගේ  අලිගහනය වාස භූමි අහිමි සහ ඛණ්ඩනයන්ට  මුහුණ දෙනු ලබයි. ඉන්දීය හාවා, ධීවර බළලා සහ කොළ-දිවියා, මෙම පරිසර කලාපයේ  වාසය කළ අනෙකුත් ක්ෂීරපායී කිහිපයකි.

නුදුරු-ආවේණික හා අතිශය ආවේනික ක්ෂීරපායි විශේෂ පහත ලැයිස්තු ගත කර ඇති ප්රදේශවල ජීවත් වෙති. දැඩි ආවේණික විශේෂ තරු ලකුණ යොදා ලකුණු කර ඇත.
 ශ්‍රී ලංකා කදු හික් මීයා
 ශ්‍රී ලංකා කැලෑ හික් මීයා
 පත්-නාස් වවුලා
 ශ්‍රී ලංකා කලු වදුරා
 Golden palm civet
 Layard's palm squirrel
 Travancore flying squirrel
 ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක‍ටු හීන් මීයා
 ශ්‍රී ලංකා ගස් මීයා

පක්ෂීන්
.මෙම පරිසර කලාපයට සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම ශ්රී ලංකාවටවට  ආවේණික පක්ෂින්  අඩංගු වේ. පක්ෂි විශේෂ දහසයක්  ආසන්න ආවේණික ලෙසද  විශේෂ දෙකක් වන බට ඇටි කුකුළා සහ   ලංකා පිලච්චා  ස්වදේශීය විශේෂ ලෙසද  වර්ගීකරණය කර ඇත. ඇටි කුකුලා සහ  ලංකා අරංගයා  තර්ජනයට  ලක් වූ පක්ෂින් ලෙස ලැයිස්තුගත කර ඇත. අළු දෙමලිච්චා, වත රතු මල් කොහා සහ පෙති ගෝමර වල් අවිව්චියා  අනෙකුත්  තර්ජනයට ලක් වී  ඇති විශේෂ වේ.

නුදුරු-ආවේණික හා දැඩි ඒකදේශික කුරුල්ලන් පහත ලැයිස්තු ගත කර ඇති ප්රදේශවල ජීවත් වෙති. දැඩි ආවේණික විශේෂ තරු ලකුණ යොදා ලකුණු කර ඇත
 මයිල ගොයා
 අළු කෑදැත්තා
 වත රතු මල් කොහා
 බට ඇටි කුකුළා*
 හබන් කුකුළා
 වළි කුකුළා
 කැහිබෙල්ලා
 පුල්ලි වල්  අවිච්චියා
 හිස සුදු සාරිකාවා
 සේල ලිහිණියා
 ලය දුබුරු මැසිමරා
 පරදැල් කුරුල්ලා
 රතු දෙමලිච්චා
 ලංකා පිලච්චා
 මූකලන් කොට්ටෝරුවා
 ලංකා ගිරාමලිත්තා
 අළු ගිරවා
 පිටතඔල වන බස්සා

උරගයින්, මාලුන් සහ උභයජීවින් .
ශ්රී ලංකාවේ උරග සත්ව කාණ්ඩයට  ආවේණික විශේෂ 114 සමග විශේෂ 204 ඇතුළත් වේ. තවත් තක්සෝන 17ක් උපවිශේෂය මට්ටමින් ලංකාවට ආවේණික වෙයි. හැල කිඹුලා  spineless forest lizard සහ මිරිදිය මත්ස්ය විශේෂ අටක් අන්තරාදායක ලෙස  ලැයිස්තුගත කර ඇත.ලොව පුරා උභය ජීවී විශේෂ වැඩිම ඝනත්වය (වර්ග කිලෝ මීටර් 1,000 (386 වර්ග සැත)  විශේෂ 3.9ක් ) ශ්‍රී ලංකාව සතුව ඇත. මෙහි  Rhacophoridae පවුලට අයත් ගෙම්බන් විශේෂ 250 ක් ඇතුළත් වේ. මෙම බොහෝමයක් විශේෂ සීමාසහිත පරාසයක බෙදාහැරීම , බොහෝ විට වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 0.5 (0.19 වර්ග සැත)ක්  පමණවේ. මෙම විශේෂ  වාස භූමි අහිමි වීම සහ කැබැලි වීමට මුහුණ  දී ඇත.

තර්ජන හා සංරක්ෂණය
ශ්රී ලංකාවේ වැසි වනාන්තර බොහෝ වගාවන් සඳහා, පළමුව  කෝපි සහ සින්කෝනා වගා  හා පසුව තේ හා රබර් සඳහා එළි පෙහෙළි කරන ලදී. ඉතිරි වනාන්තර තෙත් කලාපයේ සියයට 4.6 පමණක් ආවරණය කරයි. 1990-2005 අතර කාලය තුළ ශ්රී ලංකාව, ලෝකයේ ප්රාථමික වනාන්තර විනාශ අනුපාත වැඩිම වන  රටක් බවත් අනාවරණය වේ. 2005 දී සිදු කළ සමීක්ෂණයකින් හෙළි ශ්රී ලංකාවේ ගෙම්බන් විශේෂ   17ක් පසුගිය දශකය තුල වඳ වී ඇති අතර  ඔවුන්ගේ වාසස්ථාන සුරක්ෂිත නොකරන්නේ  නම් තවත් ගෙම්බන්  විශේෂ  11ක්  වඳ වී යාමේ අවදානමකට ලක් මුහුණ දීමට සිදු වේ. මෙම ඉතිරි වනාන්තරද කැබලි කැඩී  පවතී. ඒවා බොහෝ දුරට වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 10 (3.86 වර්ග සැත)ට අඩු ප්‍රදේශක පැතිරී ඇත. හොර දඩයම් සහ වන නිෂ්පාදන (දැව, දර, ඖෂධීය ශාක) උදුරා ගැනීමෙන් රක්ෂිත වනාන්තර සියල්ල පාහේ ප්රශ්නයකට  මුහුණ දී  ඇත.

කෙසේ නමුත්, දැනට පවතින වනාන්තර සංරක්ෂණය කරන්නේ නම් මෙම පරිසර කලාපයට අයත් ශාක විශේෂ බොහොමයක් කුඩා වාසස්ථාන අවශ්යතා ඇති ලෙස, වැඩි දියුණු කළ හැක. මෙම පරිසර කලාපයට සමඟ එකට  බැඳෙන  රක්ෂිත ප්රදේශ කිහිපයක් පවතී. වඩාත් කැපී පෙනෙන දෙක වන්නේ  ලෝක උරුමයක් සිංහරාජ වන රක්ෂිතයේ හා සමනළ අඩවිය අභය භූමියයි .  සුරක්ෂිත මුළු  පරිසර කලාපය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර් 260(100.39 වර්ග සැත)ක්  පමණවේ .

මෙම පරිසර කලාපයට සමඟ පැටලෙන්නේ බව රක්ෂිත ප්රදේශ :.

References

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පහතරට වැසි වනාන්තර


El Apeadero de Bagaúste, también conocido como Estación de Bagaúste, es una antigua plataforma ferroviaria de la Línea del Duero, que servía a parroquias de Canelas, en el Distrito de Vila Real, en Portugal.

Descripción

Localización
Se encuentra en el margen norte del Río Duero, junto a la Presa de Régua.

Servicios
Este apeadero se encuentra retirada del servicio.

Historia
El tramo entre Régua y Pinhão de la Línea del Duero, donde este apeadero se encuentra, fue inaugurado el 1 de  junio de 1880; no obstante, en 1903, todavía no disponía de cualquier vinculación por carretera. En octubre de 1903, el gobierno ordenó la construcción de una ruta que uniese este apeadero a un muelle en el Río Duero.

Sufrió varias modificaciones cuando la vía fue modificada debido a la construcción de la Presa de Régua, en 1973.

En 2008, este apeadero se encontraba en un avanzado estado de degradación.

Véase también
 Línea del Duero

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Bagaúste
Bagaúste
Peso da Régua

Apeadero de Bagaúste


O papinho-amarelo (Piprites chloris),  chamado em espanhol de bailarín verde (na Argentina e no Paraguai, saltarín oliva (em Colômbia), piprites alibandeado (no Equador), piprites de asa barrada (em Peru) ou quejoso asa barreteada (em Venezuela) é uma espécie de ave paseriforme da família Tyrannidae, uma das três pertencentes ao  género Piprites. Anteriormente era incluída na família Pipridae, mas actualmente, com base em estudos genéticos, demonstrou-se sua inclusão dentro da família Tyrannidae. É nativo de América do Sul.

Distribuição e habitat
Distribui-se numa imensa área do centro norte do continente sulamericano que inclui a bacia amazônica, o escudo das Guianas e regiões montanhosas do norte, incluindo Colômbia, Venezuela, Guiana, Suriname, Guiana Francesa, norte e oeste de Brasil, este de Equador, este de Peru e norte de Bolívia; e também em áreas do este e sudeste de Brasil, este de Paraguai, e extremo nordeste de Argentina.

Esta é considerada pouco comum em seus habitats naturais: o estrato médio e o sub-dosselel de selvas húmidas, principalmente abaixo dos 1300 m de altitude.

Descrição
Mede de 12,5 a 13 cm de comprimento. O dorso e a coroa são de cor verde oliva brilhante. A nuca é cinza. As bochechas e a zona loreal podem ser amarelas ou cinzas, a frente e a garganta amarelas ou verde oliva, o ventre amarelo oliváceo a cinza clara. As asas com linhas e pontos brancos e negros, podem apresentar filetes amarelados.

Sistémica

Descrição original
A espécie P. chloris foi descrita pela primeira vez pelo naturalista holandês Coenraad Jacob Temminck em 1822 sob o nome científico Pipra chloris; sua localidade tipo é: "Brasil, limitado posteriormente a Ipanema, São Paulo".

Etimología
O nome genérico feminino Piprites compõe-se das palavras do grego "πιπρα pipra" ou "πιπρω piprō": pequena ave mencionada por Aristóteles e outros autores mas nunca propriamente identificada, e associada aos coloridos pássaros neotropicais do gênero Pipra, e "ιτης itēs": 'parecido', 'similar a'; significando "que parece um Pipra"; e o nome da espécie "chloris" prove/provem do grego khlōris que significa 'verde' .

Taxonomia
É parente próxima a Piprites griseiceps. A subespecie chlorion é bastante diferente, diferencia-se das outras por seu manto, lados do pescoço, colar trasero e alto da garganta até o baixo ventre cinza (e não amarelo/oliva) e pelo médio ventre esbranquecido e não amarelo pálido; mas não se detectaram diferenças vocais, e a cauda mais curta supõe seja associada à subespecie tschudii.

Subespecies
Segundo as classificações do Congresso Ornitológico Internacional (IOC)  e Clements Checklist/eBird v.2021 reconhecem-se sete subespecies, com sua correspondente distribuição geográfica:

 Piprites chloris antioquiae , 1924 – Andes centrais de Colômbia (Antioquia).
 Piprites chloris boliviana , 1924 – norte tropical de Bolívia e sudoeste da Amazonia brasileira.
 Piprites chloris chlorion (), 1847 – sudeste de Venezuela, as Guayanas e norte de Brasil.
 Piprites chloris chloris (), 1822 – sudeste de Brasil (desde Espírito Santo) até o este de Paraguai e nordeste de Argentina (Missões)
 Piprites chloris grisescens , 1964 – norte de Brasil, leste do Pará.
 Piprites chloris perijana Phelps &  Jr, 1949 – Serranía do Perijá, na fronteira nordeste de Colômbia, noroeste de Venezuela, e Andes do oeste de Venezuela.
 Piprites chloris tschudii (), 1874 – sudeste de Colômbia até o centro de Peru e noroeste de Brasil.

Referências

Ligações externas

 Videos, fotos e sons de Piprites chloris em eBird.
 Sons e mapa de distribuição de Piprites chloris em xeno-canto.
 Fotos e sons de Papinho-amarelo  Piprites chloris em Wikiaves.

Animais descritos em 1822
Aves da América do Sul

Papinho-amarelo


În jocul de cărți numit poker, a juca la cacealma sau a blufa înseamnă a paria având o combinație de cărți ("mână") care nu este considerată a fi cea mai bună (câștigătoare). Obiectivul acestei tactici este de a determina cel puțin un adversar - ce deține o "mână" mai bună -  să renunțe la joc. Mărimea mizei și frecvența cu care se blufează determină profitul pentru jucătorul care face această mișcare.

Cacealma
Bluf-ul ("cacealmaua pură") face referire la situația în care un jucător plusează sau mărește miza având o combinație de cărți ce are slabe șanse de a se îmbunătăți. Bluf-ul este metoda de pariere prin care jucătorul nu mizează deloc pe cărțile sale, ci pe slăbiciunea adversarilor. Cel care blufează poate să câștige doar în cazul în care toți ceilalți jucători renunță la joc, astfel, el nu este nevoit să-și arate cărțile.

Spre exemplu, să presupunem că, după ce toate cărțile sunt împărțite, jucătorul care deține o mână slabă decide că singurul mod de a câștiga este acela de a juca la cacealma. Dacă jucătorul respectiv plusează cu o sumă egală cu mărimea potului existent, atunci șansele ca acesta să nu fie suspectat de bluf cresc cu 50%. Este important de reținut faptul că oponentul trebuie să ia în considerare mărimea potului dacă acesta decide să joace împotriva celui care blufează. În felul acesta, adversarul celui care joacă la cacealma are șanse de a câștiga o sumă de 2 ori mai mare față de valoarea inițială a potului. Adversarul va avea o probabilitate de câștig pozitivă la plata bluf-ului dacă acesta crede că șansele bluf-ului de a exista sunt de cel puțin 33,33%.

Semi-cacealma
Semi-bluf-ul ("semi-cacealma") face referire la situația în care un jucător plusează sau mărește miza având o combinație de cărți ce are posibilitatea de a se îmbunătăți în rundele următoare. Jucătorul care apelează la această tactică poate câștiga potul în două feluri: fie prin inducerea în eroare și determinarea adversarilor de a renunța la joc pe loc, fie prin primirea unei cărți care să-i îmbunătățească combinația deja existentă. În unele cazuri, cel care apelează la tactica semi-blufului, deține o mână care nu are nicio valoare într-o anumită rundă, dar care are mari șanse de a fi câștigătoare în runda următoare.

Spre exemplu, sa presupunem că în penultima rundă a jocului există pe masă 4 cărți de aceeași culoare, cel care semi-blufează poate ridica miza determinând ceilalți jucători să creadă că el deține a 5-a carte de culoare (deși nu este adevărat). În felul acesta, este foarte probabil ca cel care apelează la această tactică să câștige, iar ceilalți să renunțe. Pe de altă parte, chiar dacă semi-bluful eșuează (adică ceilalți adversari plusează și ei, având certitudinea că jucătorul nu are a 5-a carte de culoare în mână), jucătorul încă mai are șansa ca a 5-a carte de culoare să fie afișată pe masă, ceea ce îi dă ocazia de a juca din nou la cacealma, de data aceasta, bluf-ul fiind considerat unul pur în comparație cu cel din runda precedentă care era considerat un semi-bluf deoarece ultima carte nu se împărțise încă.

Situații favorabile
A juca la cacealma poate fi o tactică mai eficientă în unele cazuri decât în altele. Bluf-ul are o șansă mai mare de succes atunci când probabilitatea de a fi prins scade. Există mai multe caracteristici ale jocului care pot scădea probabilitatea de a fi prins și care pot crește profitabilitatea bluf-ului:

 Numărul adversarilor (cel care blufează poate avea șanse mai mari de câștig atunci când joacă împotriva unui număr mai mic de adversari).
 Valoarea mizei (cu cât miza celui care blufează este mai mare, cu atât cresc șansele ca ceilalți jucători să renunțe).
 Modul de pariere al adversarului (în unele cazuri, în funcție de valoarea sumei pariate de adversar, jucătorul care blufează poate să-și dea seama dacă oponentul său are o mână bună sau nu).
 Starea de spirit a adversarului (bluf-ul poate avea succes atunci când în joc există un adversar vulnerabil – spre exemplu, care a pierdut un joc anterior – deoarece este posibil ca acesta din urmă să nu mai fie le fel de atent).

Frecvența
Potrivit teoriei jocurilor, numărul bluf-urilor trebuie să fie indirect proporțional cu valoarea potului. Frecvența bluf-urilor ar trebui să depindă în primul rând de stilul de joc al oponenților. Dacă un jucător blufează prea rar, adversarii atenți își vor da seama când acesta are o "mână" bună și pariază pentru bani și vor juca doar dacă dețin combinații foarte puternice de cărți. Dacă un jucător blufează prea des, adversarii atenți îi pot contraria bluf-ul prin a mări miza sau a-i plăti acestuia suma cerută în bluf. Bluf-ul ocazional ascunde nu numai combinația de cărți a jucătorului, dar și combinațiile de cărți legitime cu care adversarii cred că blufează.

În cartea sa numită Teoria Pokerului, David Sklansky afirmă că "Din punct de vedere matematic, strategia optimă este de a blufa în așa fel încât șansele contra bluf-ului tău să fie egale cu șansele adversarului de a câștiga potul". Strategia optimă de a blufa este de a executa această mișcare astfel încât adversarii să nu își dea seama dacă un jucător joacă la cacealma sau nu. Pentru a preveni situația în care bluf-urile sunt executate într-un mod predictibil, teoria jocurilor le sugerează jucătorilor folosirea unui sistem aleatoriu care să determine când să blufeze. Spre exemplu, un jucător poate folosi culoarea cărților din mână sau momentul când secundarul ceasului de la mână atinge o anumită secundă sau orice alt mecanism imprevizibil, pentru a determina când să blufeze.

Note

Bibliografie

 David Sklansky (1987). The Theory of Poker. Two Plus Two Publications.
 Bill Chen, Jerrod Ankenman. The Mathematics of Poker.
 George Ciucu, Marius Iosifescu, R. Theodorescu (1965), Teoria jocurilor, Editura Tehnică.

Poker

Cacealma (poker)


La teoría de los costes de transacción se inscribe en el marco de los estudios organizacionales, y en definitiva en la teoría de las organizaciones (una disciplina situada en el límite entre la economía de las organizaciones, la sociología de las organizaciones, la gestión, y la ciencia política).

Información

La teoría de los costes de transacción busca explicar la existencia de organizaciones económicas fundadas sobre jerarquía, sobre la base de la existencia de costes de transacciones.

El concepto de costes de transacción surge por primera vez en 1937 en el artículo de Ronald Coase, « The Nature of the Firm ». Sin embargo, es Oliver E. Williamson el que es considerado incorrectamente como el fundador de esta corriente teórica.

La teoría de los costes de transacción postula que los agentes están dotados solamente de una racionalidad limitada (concepto desarrollado por Herbert Simon), básicamente comportándose de una manera oportunista. El punto de partida de Williamson y de la teoría de los costos de transacción, está en postular que toda transacción económica engendra costes previos a su concreta realización, como por ejemplo costes ligados a búsqueda de informaciones, a « deficiencias propias del mercado », a prevención respecto del oportunismo de otros agentes, etc. Por tanto, ciertas transacciones que se desarrollan sobre un mercado, pueden generar costos de concretización bastante importantes, y en consecuencia, los agentes económicos, en los hechos, pueden ser obligados o impelidos a buscar acuerdos institucionales o personales alternativos, que permitan minimizar o reducir esos costes. Entre el mercado y la empresa, numerosas formas « híbridas » pueden ser aplicadas: (subcontratación, concesión, red, alianza estratégica, etc.).

El mérito de Coase (con Cheung) ha sido enfatizar estos diversos obstáculos para el uso ideal del sistema de precios.

"La razón principal que hace que sea rentable iniciar un negocio podría ser que es costoso utilizar el mecanismo de precios. El costo más obvio de "organizar" la producción a través del mecanismo de precios es el descubrimiento de precios esenciales. Este costo puede reducirse, pero no eliminarse, mediante la aparición de actores especializados que vendan esta información." (La naturaleza de la empresa, p. 390).

La nota 4 también es citada por Steven Cheung : "(...) la suposición de que todas las personas conocen todos los precios relevantes claramente no es cierta en el mundo real". (p. 390, en La naturaleza contractual de la empresa, 1983). En el artículo de Coase, el problema de la incertidumbre (Knight) está dominado por el de encontrar precios naturales o esenciales (Smith). La hipotética situación límite en la que todos los precios son "relevantes" o "esenciales" ("precios relevantes") y, por lo tanto, los costos de transacción son insignificantes, es una situación de productores y compradores independientes, que conocen bien el valor y, por lo tanto, los costos del producto. Es el que describe Cheung a partir de una situación, tomada de Smith, en la que todos los intercambios son estrictamente comerciales : "Considérese el ejemplo clásico de la 'fábrica de alfileres', en la que cada propietario del "conjunto de recursos se especializa en trabajar en una sola tarea. Si todos los costos de transacción fueran cero, el comprador de un alfiler haría un pago separado a cada uno de los muchos participantes en su producción". (La naturaleza contractual de la empresa, p. 4).

Un costo de transacción es la diferencia entre el precio ficticio de un servicio productivo infinitesimal, el "precio esencial" (cuyo precio efectivo podría estar representado por una propina) y el precio efectivo de una mercancía. Cuanto más técnico sea, mayor será el costo de transacción. Un régimen de bajos costos de transacción es, por tanto, 'low tech' (cf. Bihouix), lo que no implica un bajo nivel de riqueza ('low life') : "Si no hubiera costos de medición y evaluación del desempeño, no habría negocio y el valor de los productos colectivos [resultados sociales] sería máximo." (Cheung, 1983). La diferencia entre ambos precios es el 'coste social' de la organización de la producción o el 'valor añadido' por la misma (en el sentido de "mehrwert"), que son valores de aproximación ('proxy value') de los precios pertinentes : "Todos los costos de organización son costos de transacción y viceversa." SNS Cheung, 'Organización económica y costos de transacción', The New Palgrave, 1987, p. 56. El apego, a menudo patológico, a la cooperación, a las organizaciones, a la propiedad exclusiva, a las mercancías y posiblemente a la comodidad... son los costes de transacción básicos (cf. 'fetichismo').

Véase también
 Estudios organizacionales
 Coste de transacción
 Economía de las organizaciones
 Nueva economía institucional
 Oliver E. Williamson
 Ronald Coase
 Teorema de Coase
 Antropología económica
 Desarrollo organizacional
 Proceso de organización
 Redes de colaboración
 Aprendizaje organizacional
 Coste
 Problema del agente-principal

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Hernández Iglesias: Herbert A. Simon (1916-2001), y el futuro de la Ciencia Económica
 Roberto Vila De Prado: La importancia del concepto racionalidad limitada

Organización de empresas
Teoría económica
Economía política
Política económica
Sociología de las organizaciones

Teoría de los costos de transacción


Foix har flere betydninger:
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 Grevskabet Foix var et middelalderligt len i området omkring byen Foix
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Foix (flertydig)


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Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem (1861-1916) Fransız matematikçi, fizikçi ve felsefeci. Formel bir bilimsel kuram anlayışı geliştirmiş olan Duhem, bilimsel bir kuramın, bize deneyin gelecekteki seyrini önceden kestirme olanağı veren yararlı bir kalkül olduğunu, fakat öğelerinin dış dünyada hiçbir şeye karşılık gelmediğini ya da hiçbir şeye referansta bulunmadığını iddia etmiştir.

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Dinah Shore (born Frances Rose Shore; February 29, 1916 – February 24, 1994) was an American singer, actress, and television personality, and the chart-topping female vocalist of the 1940s. She rose to prominence as a recording artist during the Big Band era. She achieved even greater success a decade later in television, mainly as the host of a series of variety programs for the Chevrolet automobile company.

After failing singing auditions for the bands of Benny Goodman, and both Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey, Shore struck out on her own. She became the first singer of her era to achieve huge solo success. She had a string of eighty charted popular hits, spanning from 1940 to 1957, and after appearing in a handful of feature films, she went on to a four-decade career in American television. She starred in her own music and variety shows from 1951 through 1963 and hosted two talk shows in the 1970s. TV Guide ranked her at number 16 on their list of the top 50 television stars of all time. Stylistically, Shore was compared to two singers who followed her in the mid-to-late 1940s and early 1950s, Jo Stafford and Patti Page.

Early life
Frances "Fanny" Rose Shore was born on February 29, 1916, to Russian-Jewish immigrant shopkeepers, Anna (née Stein) and Solomon Shore, in Winchester, Tennessee. She had an elder sister, eight years her senior, Elizabeth, known as "Bessie". When Fanny was eighteen months old, she was stricken with polio (infantile paralysis). The only known treatment was bed rest and sometimes more extreme care if the child was severely compromised. Her mother provided extensive care for her, which included regular therapeutic massage and a strict exercise program. She recovered, but sustained a deformed foot and limp. Fanny loved to sing as a small child; her mother, a contralto with operatic aspirations, encouraged her. Her father often took her to his store, where she would perform impromptu songs for the customers.

In 1924, the Shore family moved to McMinnville, Tennessee, where her father had opened a department store. By her fifth-grade year, the family had moved to Nashville, where she completed elementary school. Although shy because of her limp, she became actively involved in sports, was a cheerleader at Nashville's Hume-Fogg High School, and was involved in other activities.

When Shore was 16, her mother died unexpectedly from a heart attack. Pursuing her education, Shore enrolled at Vanderbilt University, where she participated in many events and activities, including the Chi chapter of the Alpha Epsilon Phi sorority. She graduated from the university in 1938 with a degree in sociology. She visited the Grand Ole Opry and made her radio debut on Nashville's WSM radio station.

Shore decided to return to pursuing her career in singing, moving to New York City to audition for orchestras and radio stations. At first she went there on a summer break from Vanderbilt, and after graduation, for good. In many of her auditions, she sang the popular song "Dinah". When disc jockey Martin Block could not remember her name, he called her the "Dinah girl", and soon after the name stuck, becoming her stage name. She eventually was hired as a vocalist at radio station WNEW, where she sang with Frank Sinatra. She recorded and performed with the Xavier Cugat orchestra, and signed a recording contract with RCA Victor Records in 1940.

Music career

1940s
In March 1939, Shore debuted on national radio on the Sunday-afternoon CBS Radio program, Ben Bernie's Orchestra. In February 1940, she became a featured vocalist on the NBC Radio program The Chamber Music Society of Lower Basin Street, a showcase for traditional Dixieland and blues songs. With her, the program became so popular, it was moved from 4:30 Sunday afternoon to a 9:00 Monday night time slot in September. In her primetime debut for "the music of the Three Bs, Barrelhouse, Boogie-woogie, and the Blues", she was introduced as "Mademoiselle Dinah 'Diva' Shore, who starts a fire by rubbing two notes together!" She recorded with the two Basin Street bands for RCA Victor; one of her records was the eponymous Dinah's Blues.

Shore's singing came to the attention of Eddie Cantor. He signed her as a regular on his radio show, Time to Smile, in 1940. Shore credits him for teaching her self-confidence, comedic timing, and the ways of connecting with an audience. In 1943, Shore appeared in her first movie, Thank Your Lucky Stars, starring Cantor.

She soon went to another radio show, Paul Whiteman Presents. During this time, the United States was involved in World War II, and Shore became a favorite with the troops. She had hits, including "Blues in the Night", "Jim", "You'd Be So Nice to Come Home To", and "I'll Walk Alone", the first of her number-one hits. "Blues in the Night" sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA.

Shore continued appearing in radio shows throughout the 1940s, including The Bird's Eye Open House and Ford Radio Show. In early 1946, she moved to a new label, the CBS-owned Columbia Records. At Columbia, Shore enjoyed the greatest commercial success of her recording career, starting with her first Columbia single release, "Shoo-Fly Pie and Apple Pan Dowdy", and peaking with the most popular song of 1948, "Buttons and Bows", (with Henri René & Orchestra), which was number one for ten weeks. Other number-one hits at Columbia included "The Gypsy" and "The Anniversary Song". Shore soon became a successful singing star with her own radio show, Call for Music, which was broadcast on CBS from February 13, 1948, to April 16, 1948, and on NBC from April 20, 1948, to June 29, 1948.

One of her most popular recordings was the holiday perennial "Baby, It's Cold Outside" with Buddy Clark from 1949. The song was covered by many other artists, such as Ella Fitzgerald. Other hits during her four years at Columbia included "Laughing on the Outside (Crying on the Inside)", "I Wish I Didn't Love You So", "(I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons", "Doin' What Comes Natur'lly", and "Dear Hearts and Gentle People". She was a regular with Jack Smith on his quarter-hour radio show on CBS.

Shore was a musical guest in the films Thank Your Lucky Stars (1943), Follow the Boys (1944), and Till the Clouds Roll By (1946) and had starring roles in Danny Kaye's debut Up in Arms (1944) and Belle of the Yukon (1944). She lent her musical voice to two Disney films: Make Mine Music (1946) and Fun and Fancy Free (1947). Her last starring film role was for Paramount Pictures in Aaron Slick from Punkin Crick (1952).

1950s
In 1950, Shore returned to RCA Victor with a deal to record 100 sides for $1 million (equivalent to $ million in ). The hits kept coming, but with less frequency, and were not charting as high as in the 1940s. Shore's biggest hits of this era were "My Heart Cries for You" and "Sweet Violets", both peaking at number three in 1951. Several duets with Tony Martin did well, with "A Penny a Kiss" being the most popular, reaching number eight.  was a 1953 hit, and her covers of "Changing Partners" and "If I Give My Heart to You" were popular top-20 hits. "Love and Marriage" and "Whatever Lola Wants" were top-20 hits from 1955.

"Chantez, Chantez" was her last top-20 hit, staying on the charts for over 20 weeks in 1957. Shore remained at RCA Victor until 1958, and during that time, released albums including Bouquet of Blues, Once in a While, and Vivacious, which were collections of singles with different orchestras and conductors such as Frank DeVol and Hugo Winterhalter. The studio albums Holding Hands at Midnight, from 1955, and Moments Like These, from 1958, recorded in stereo, with orchestra under the musical direction of Harry Zimmerman, who performed the same duties on The Dinah Shore Chevy Show, were the exceptions.

Recording career after the 1950s
In 1959, Shore left RCA Victor for Capitol Records. Although she recorded only one minor hit for her new label ("I Ain't Down Yet", which peaked at 102 on Billboard's pop chart in 1960), the collaboration produced four "theme albums" that paired her with arranger Nelson Riddle (Dinah, Yes Indeed!), conductor and accompanist André Previn (Somebody Loves Me and Dinah Sings, Previn Plays), and jazz's Red Norvo (Dinah Sings Some Blues with Red). Her final two Capitol albums were Dinah, Down Home and The Fabulous Hits (Newly Recorded).

Shore was dropped by Capitol in 1962 and recorded only a handful of albums over the next two decades. She recorded Lower Basin Street Revisited for friend Frank Sinatra's Reprise label in 1965, Songs for Sometime Losers (Project 3, 1967), Country Feelin (Decca, 1969), Once Upon A Summertime (Stanyan, 1975), and Dinah!, a double LP for Capitol in 1976. She recorded this album at the height of her talk show fame, and it featured her take on contemporary hits such as "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover", "The Hungry Years", and "Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)". Her final studio album was released in 1979, Dinah!: I've Got a Song, for the Children's Television Workshop.

Acting career

Radio

Shore starred in seven radio series of her own between 1941 and 1954. She made hundreds of guest appearances in shows including an episode of Suspense ("Frankie and Johnny", May 5, 1952).

Early television career
Soon after Shore arrived in New York in 1937, aged 21, Shore made her first television appearances on experimental broadcasts for NBC over station W2XBS in New York (now WNBC). Twelve years later, in 1949, she made her commercial television debut on The Ed Wynn Show from Los Angeles over CBS and on Easter Sunday 1950, made a guest appearance on Bob Hope's first network television show on NBC. After guest spots on many television shows, she was given her own program, The Dinah Shore Show on NBC on November 27, 1951. Vic Schoen was her musical director from 1951 to 1954, and also arranged music for her on The Colgate Comedy Hour (1954).

In 1956, Shore began hosting a monthly series of one-hour, full-color spectaculars as part of NBC's The Chevy Show series. These proved so popular, the show was renamed The Dinah Shore Chevy Show the following season, with Shore becoming the full-time host, helming three of four weeks in the month. Broadcast live and in NBC's famous "Living Color", this variety show was one of the most popular of the 1950s and early 1960s and featured the television debuts of stars of the era, such as Yves Montand and Maureen O'Hara, and featured Shore in performances alongside Ella Fitzgerald, Mahalia Jackson, Peggy Lee, Frank Sinatra, and Pearl Bailey. Tennessee Ernie Ford was a featured guest on one show, and she introduced him, tongue-in-cheek, as "Tennessee Ernie CHEVROLET!!" She also appeared as a guest on The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom.

The Dinah Shore Chevy Show ran through the 1960–61 season, after which Chevrolet dropped sponsorship, and Shore hosted a series of monthly broadcasts sponsored by the American Dairy Association and Green Stamps. Simply called The Dinah Shore Show, Shore's guests included Nat "King" Cole, Bing Crosby, Jack Lemmon, Boris Karloff, Betty Hutton, Art Carney, and a young Barbra Streisand. Over twelve seasons, from 1951 to 1963, Shore made 125 hour-long programs and 444 fifteen-minute shows. She always ended her televised programs by throwing an enthusiastic kiss directly to the cameras (and viewers) and exclaiming "MWAH!" to the audience.

Shore also appeared in four specials for ABC (in black-and-white) in the 1964–65 season. They were sponsored by the Purex Corporation.

Later television career

 From 1970 through 1980, Shore hosted two daytime programs, Dinah's Place (1970–1974) on NBC and Dinah! (later Dinah and Friends) in syndication from 1974 through 1980 and a third cable program from 1989 to 1992. Dinah's Place, primarily sponsored by Colgate-Palmolive (which later sponsored her women's golf tournament), was a 30-minute Monday-through-Friday program broadcast at 10:00 am (ET) over NBC, her network home since 1939. Shore described this show as a "Do-Show" as opposed to a chat show because she would have her guests demonstrate an unexpected skill, for example, Frank Sinatra sharing his spaghetti sauce recipe, Vice President Spiro Agnew playing keyboard accompanying Shore on "Sophisticated Lady", or Ginger Rogers showing Shore how to throw a clay pot on a potter's wheel.

Although Dinah's Place featured famous guest stars, Shore often grilled lesser-known lifestyle experts on nutrition, exercise, or homemaking. Despite being one of the more popular programs in NBC's morning lineup, dominating in the timeslot, facing out The Lucy Show reruns on CBS and local programming on ABC, this show left the air in 1974 after NBC sent a telegram to Shore congratulating her on her Emmy win – at the same time informing her the show was being cancelled, because it broke up a "game show programming block" and competition from The Joker's Wild on CBS, which started two years earlier. Thus ended the network's 35-year association with Shore. She returned that fall with Dinah!, a syndicated 90-minute daily talk show (also seen in a 60-minute version on some stations) that put the focus on top guest stars and entertainment. This show was seen as competition for Mike Douglas and Merv Griffin, whose shows had been on the air for ten years when Dinah! debuted. Frequent guests included entertainment figures (Lucille Ball, Bob Hope, and Jimmy Stewart), as well as regular contributors including lifestyle guru Dr. Wayne Dyer.

Unexpected rock music performance appearances included Tina Turner, David Bowie, and Iggy Pop. Shore also appeared on the Norman Lear comedy-soap opera Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman in April 1976. On the show, Shore interviewed country-singing character Loretta Haggars (played by Mary Kay Place) and included a controversial comment from Haggars during her appearance on a "live" airing of Shore's talk show. Comedian Andy Kaufman in his Tony Clifton guise appeared on her show but did not, as rumored, throw eggs at Shore or pour them on her head.

Shore, with her Dixie drawl and demure manner, was identified with the South, and guests on her shows often commented on it. She spoofed this image by playing Melody in "Went with the Wind!", the famous Gone with the Wind parody for The Carol Burnett Show. In the summer of 1976, Shore hosted Dinah and Her New Best Friends, an eight-week summer replacement series for The Carol Burnett Show which featured a cast of young hopefuls such as Diana Canova and Gary Mule Deer, along with such seasoned guests as Jean Stapleton and Linda Lavin. Shore guest-starred on Pee-wee's Playhouse Christmas Special, calling Pee-wee on his picturephone and singing "The 12 Days of Christmas". Throughout the special, Pee-wee walks past the picturephone, only to hear her going past the original 12 days ("...on the 500th day of Christmas ...").

Shore finished her television career hosting A Conversation with Dinah (1989–1992) on the cable network TNN (The Nashville Network). This half-hour show consisted of one-on-one interviews with celebrities and comedians (such as Bob Hope), former boyfriends (Burt Reynolds in a special one-hour episode), and political figures (former President Gerald Ford and his wife and former First Lady Betty Ford.) In a coup, Shore got the first post-White House interview given by former First Lady Nancy Reagan. Around this time, she gained a contract as television spokeswoman for Holly Farms chicken. In the 1980s, Shore sang in Glendale Federal Bank television commercials. Her last television special, Dinah Comes Home (TNN 1991), brought Shore's career full-circle, taking her back to the stage of the Grand Ole Opry, which she first visited some sixty years earlier. Shore won nine Emmys, a Peabody Award, and a Golden Globe Award. Shore's talk shows sometimes included cooking segments, and she wrote cookbooks including Someone's in the Kitchen with Dinah.

Personal life

Marriage and children
Shore was married to actor George Montgomery from 1943 to 1962. She gave birth to daughter Melissa Ann "Missy" Montgomery, in January 1948. Later the couple adopted a son, John David "Jody" Montgomery. Missy Montgomery also became an actress.

George Jacobs, in his memoir Mr. S about Frank Sinatra, for whom he worked as a longtime valet, claimed Shore and Sinatra had a long-standing affair in the 1950s. After her divorce in 1963 from Montgomery, she briefly married professional tennis player Maurice F. Smith. Her romances of the later 1960s involved comedian Dick Martin, singer Eddie Fisher, and actor Rod Taylor.

Starting in 1971, Shore had a six-year public romance with actor Burt Reynolds, who was 20 years her junior.

Her daughter, Melissa Montgomery, is the owner of the rights to most of Shore's television series. In March 2003, PBS presented MWAH! The Best of The Dinah Shore Show 1956–1963, an hour-long special of early color videotaped footage of Shore in duets with guests Ella Fitzgerald, Jack Lemmon, Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby, Pearl Bailey, George Burns, Groucho Marx, Peggy Lee, and Mahalia Jackson. Black-and-white kinescopes, as well as color videotapes of The Dinah Shore Chevy Show, are frequently aired on Jewish Life Television.

Golf
Shore, who played golf, was a longtime supporter of women's professional golf. In 1972, she helped found the Colgate Dinah Shore Golf Tournament, which, in its current identity as the Chevron Championship, remains one of the major golf tournaments on the LPGA Tour. Until 2022, the tournament was held each spring at Mission Hills Country Club, near Shore's former home in Rancho Mirage, California. The event moved to Texas in 2023 at the behest of the new sponsor.  Mission Hills' Dinah Shore Course is currently host of the Galleri Classic, a 78-man, 54-hole no-cut tournament on the PGA Tour Champions for players over 50.

Shore was the first female member of the Hillcrest Country Club in Los Angeles.

In acknowledgment of her contributions to golf, Shore was elected an honorary member of the LPGA Hall of Fame in 1994. Shore became a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame when it absorbed the LPGA Hall in 1998. She received the 1993 Old Tom Morris Award from the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, GCSAA's highest honor.

In 1963, she hired mid-century modern architect Donald Wexler to design her home in Palm Springs. The house was sold to actor Leonardo DiCaprio in 2014 for almost $5.5 million.

Death
In the spring of 1993, Shore was diagnosed with ovarian cancer. She died of complications from the disease at her home in Beverly Hills, California, on February 24, 1994. Her body was cremated the same day. Some of the ashes were interred in two memorial sites: the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California, and Forest Lawn Cemetery (Cathedral City). Other ashes went to relatives.

Tributes
In both Cathedral City and Rancho Mirage, California, streets are named after her. Her hometown of Winchester, Tennessee, honored her with Dinah Shore Boulevard. In 1989, she received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. In 1991, she was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame. In 1996, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars was dedicated to her.

Singles

Albums
 NBC's Chamber Music Society of Lower Basin Street (1941, RCA Victor Records 78 Set P-56 Three Record Set)
 Musical Orchids (1943, RCA Victor Records 78 rpm Four Record Set)
 Gershwin Show Hits (1945, RCA Victor Records 78 rpm Three Record Set)
 Bongo from Walt Disney (1947, Columbia Records 78 rpm Three Record Set)
 A Date with Dinah (1948, Columbia Records 78 rpm Four Record Set)
 The Blue Velvet Voice of Dinah Shore (1948, Victor 78 rpm Five Record Set)
 Dinah Shore Sings (1949, Columbia 10")
 Reminiscing (1949, Columbia 10")
 Torch Songs (1950, Columbia Set D-1 10")
 Dinah Shore & Sidney Bechet ~ Lower Basin Street (1950, RCA Victor 78 Set P-56 Four Record Set)
 The King and I (1951, RCA Victor 10")
 Dinah Shore ~ Lower Basin Street Volume 2 (1951, RCA Victor 78rpm Four Record Set)
 Dinah Shore Sings the Blues (1953, RCA Victor 10")
 Call Me Madam Original Cast (1953, RCA Victor 10")
 The Dinah Shore TV Show (1954, RCA 10", 1955, RCA Victor 12")
 Holding Hands at Midnight (1955, RCA Victor)
 Bouquet of Blues (1956, RCA Victor)
 Call Me Madam Original Cast (1956, RCA Victor)
 Dinah Shore Sings Porter and Rodgers (1957, Harmony)
 Love Songs (1958, Harmony)
 General Motors 50th Anniversary Show (1958, RCA Victor)
 Moments Like These (1958, RCA Victor)
 Dinah, Yes Indeed! (1959, Capitol)
 Lower Basin Street (1959, RCA Camden)
 I'm Your Girl (1959, RCA Camden)
 Lavender Blue (1959, Harmony)
 Somebody Loves Me (1959, Capitol)
 Dinah Sings Some Blues with Red (1960, Capitol)
 Vivacious (1960, RCA Camden)
 Buttons and Bows (1960, Harmony)
 Dinah Sings, Previn Plays (1961, Capitol)
 Dinah Down Home! (1962, Capitol)
 The Fabulous Hits of Dinah Shore (1962, Capitol)
 My Very Best to You (1963, Capitol)
 Lower Basin Street Revisited (1965, Reprise)
 Songs for Sometime Losers (1967, Project 3)
 Country Feelin (1969, Decca)
 Once Upon A Summertime (1975, Stanyan)
 Dinah! (1976, Capitol)
 Dinah!: I've Got a Song (1979, CTW/Sesame Street)

Filmography
 Thank Your Lucky Stars (1943) – Herself
 Up in Arms (1944) – Virginia
 Follow the Boys (1944) – Herself
 Belle of the Yukon (1944) – Lettie Candless
 Make Mine Music (1946) – Narrator (voice)
 Till the Clouds Roll By (1946) – Julia Sanderson / Dinah Shore
 Fun and Fancy Free (1947) – Narrator (voice)
 Bongo (1947) (short subject) – Narrator (voice)
 Aaron Slick from Punkin Crick (1952) – Josie Berry
 A Great New Star (1952) (short subject)
 Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Stars on Parade (1954) (short subject)
 Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Small Fry (1956) (short subject)
 Premier Khrushchev in the USA (1959) (documentary)
 Oh, God! (1977) – Herself (cameo)
 HealtH (1980) – Herself (cameo)

Television
 The Dinah Shore Chevy Show (11/27/1951 – 7/18/1957) (15 minutes)
 The Dinah Shore Chevy Show (10/5/1956 – 6/14/1957) (60-minute monthly specials)
 The Dinah Shore Chevy Show (10/20/1957 – 6/26/1961) (60 minutes)
 The Danny Thomas Show (episodes: "The Dinah Shore Show", 10/28/1957; "Dinah Shore and Danny are Rivals", 12/8/1958)
 The Ed Sullivan Show – Season 18, episode 20 (1/30/1960)
 The Dinah Shore Special (10/6/1961 – 5/12/1963) (60-minute monthly specials)
 The Dinah Shore Special (2/15/1965)
 The Dinah Shore Special: Like Hep (4/13/1969)
 Here's Lucy, "Someone's on the Ski Lift with Dinah" (10/25/1971)
 Dinah's Place (8/3/1970 – 7/26/1974)
 Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In – Season 4, episode 21 (2/8/1971; guest appearance as herself)
 Hold That Pose (1971) (one-week pilot for series)
  Dinah in Search of the Ideal Man (11/18/1973)
 Dinah! (9/9/1974 – 9/7/1979)
 Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman (April 1976; guest appearance as herself)
 Dinah and Her New Best Friends (6/5 – 7/31/1976) (summer series)
 The Carol Burnett Show – Episode 1002 (11/13/1976; guest star)
 The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (11/10/1977)
 Dinah and Friends (9/10/1979 – 9/5/1980)
 Death Car on the Freeway (1979) - Made for Television Movie
 Alice (episode: "Mel's in the Kitchen with Dinah", 11/18/1979; guest appearance as herself)
 Hotel (episode: "Past Tense", 1987) (as Katherine Woodbridge
 Pee-wee's Playhouse Christmas Special (guest star 1988)
 Murder, She Wrote (episode: "Alma Murder", 1989) (as Emily Dyers) (final television appearance)
 A Conversation with Dinah (1989–1991)
 Dinah Comes Home (1991)

Radio appearances

See also
 Club Skirts Dinah Shore Weekend
 ANA Inspiration

References

External links

 Dinah Shore biography, museum.tv
 Dinah Shore biography, parabrisas.com
 Dinah Shore File at FBI Records: The Vault
 Dinah Vegas, dinahshoreweekend.com
  – Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery
  – Forest Lawn Cemetery (Cathedral City)

1917 births
1994 deaths
People from Winchester, Tennessee
American film actresses
American television actresses
American television talk show hosts
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Jewish American actresses
Jewish American musicians
Jewish singers
Chevron Championship
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
World Golf Hall of Fame inductees
Peabody Award winners
RCA Victor artists
Capitol Records artists
Columbia Records artists
Reprise Records artists
Singers from Tennessee
Traditional pop music singers
Vanderbilt University alumni
Burials at Forest Lawn Cemetery (Cathedral City)
Burials at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery
American cookbook writers
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show Host winners
20th-century American actresses
Women cookbook writers
20th-century American singers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American women singers
20th-century American women writers
Jewish women singers

Dinah Shore


Henriette Ellen Kathrine Vilhemine Rasmussen (født 8. juni 1950 i Qasigiannguit, død 4. marts 2017) var en grønlandsk journalist og politiker fra Inuit Ataqatigiit. Hun var medlem af kommunalrådet i Nuuk Kommune og siddet i Grønlands landsting. Hun var landsstyremedlem for sociale anliggender og arbejdsmarked (1991-1995). Hun arbejdede i en årrække for KNR.

Referencer

Politikere fra Inuit Ataqatigiit
Personer i Kraks Blå Bog (afdøde)

Henriette Rasmussen


Jeppe Illum (født 25. marts 1992) er en dansk fodboldspiller, der er pt. er klubløs.

Karriere

Silkeborg IF
Jeppe Illum spillede for første gang for klubbens førstehold efter halvandet år i klubben, hvor han scorede begge holdets mål. Den 19. marts 2011 fik Jeppe Illum sin officielle debut i Superligaen, da han blev skiftet ind i det 90. minut i stedet for Rajko Lekic i en 1-1-kamp imod Odense Boldklub.

Jeppe Illum spillede i alt 107 kampe og scorede 14 mål for Silkeborg IF.

Næstved Boldklub
På transfervinduets sidste dag den 1. februar 2016 sikrede Næstved Boldklub sig Jeppe Illum transferfrit på en halvandetårig lang aftale. Han var deltidsprofessionel under sin tid i Næstved Boldklub.

Vendsyssel FF
Den 22. juni 2017 skrev Illum under på en kontrakt med Vendsyssel FF. Han skrev under på en toårig fuldtidsprofessionel kontrakt.

Han fik sin debut i 1. division for Vendsyssel FF den 30. juli 2017, da han startede inde og spillede de første 75 minutter, inden han blev erstattet af Emmanuel Ogude i en 2-0-sejr over Fremad Amager. Det blev starten på en 2017-18-sæson, hvor han var stort set fast mand med 29 optrædender i 33 kampe (19 kampe som en del af startopstilligen, ti som indskiftende spiller). Vendsyssel FF rykkede i sommeren 2018 op i Superligaen, men det resulterede for Illums tilfælde med mindre spilletid. I efteråret 2018 blev det til blot tre kampe i Superligaen (alle som indskifter) samt tre kampe i DBU Pokalen. Grundet den manglende spilletid trænede Illum derfor i januar 2019 med i Næstved Boldklub.

I januar 2019 på transfervinduets sidste dag blev Illum egentlig udlejet til Næstved Boldklub, men senere blev det offentligt kendt, at Næstved Boldklub ikke havde registeret Illum i stede, hvorfor han ikke havde tilladelse til at spille for klubben. I stedet blev han i starten af april 2019 udlejet til FC Roskilde for den resterende del af foråret 2019.

Da kontrakten med Vendsyssel FF var udløbet samtidig med kontrakten i FC Roskilde, var han i begyndelsen af sommeren 2019 klubløs. Han havde herefter overvejelser omkring, i hvilken grad han skulle satse på en fodboldkarriere.

Holbæk B&I
Jeppe Illum deltog i træningen hos Holbæk B&I i vinterpausen, men endte med ikke at skrive med klubben. Men i juni skrev han så under på en kort aftale, hvor han skal hjælpe Holbæk B&I i nedrykningsspillet efter corona-nedlukningen i dansk fodbold.. Kontrakten gælder kun sæsonen ud .

Henvisninger

Noter

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Danmark
Fodboldspillere fra Silkeborg IF
Fodboldspillere fra Næstved BK
Fodboldspillere fra Vendsyssel F.F.
Fodboldspillere fra FC Roskilde

Jeppe Illum


Büyük Mecidiye Camii ya da Ortaköy Camii, İstanbul Boğaziçi'nde Beşiktaş ilçesinin, Ortaköy semtinde sahilde bulunan Neobarok tarzında bir camiidir.

Cami, Sultan Abdülmecid tarafından Ermeni asıllı Mimar Nigoğos Balyan'a 1853 yılında yaptırılmıştır. Bütün selatin camilerinde olduğu gibi harim ve hünkar bölümü olmak üzere iki kısımdan oluşur. Geniş ve yüksek pencereler Boğaz'ın değişken ışıklarını caminin içine taşıyacak biçimde düzenlenmiştir.

Merdivenle çıkılan yapının tek şerefeli iki minaresi vardır. Duvarları beyaz kesme taştan yapılmıştır. Tek kubbenin duvarları pembe mozaiktendir. Mihrap mozaik ve mermerden, minber ise somaki kaplı mermerden yapılmıştır ve ince bir işçiliğin ürünüdür.

Statik açıdan oldukça narin olan yapı 1862'de ve 1866'da onarılmış, 1894 depreminde büyük zarar görünce 1909'da Evkaf Nezâreti'nce yeniden tamir edilmiştir. Bu tamirde yıkılan eski yivli minareler yivsiz olarak yapılmış, minarelerin petek ve külâh kısımlarıyla yapının çeşitli bölümleri yenilenmiştir. 1960'larda binada yeniden çatlamaların oluşması sebebiyle Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü'nün başlattığı restorasyon çalışmalarında zemin takviye edilmiş, kubbe yenilenmiştir. Bu onarımda ibadete kapatılan cami 1969'da yeniden açılmıştır. 1984'te büyük bir yangın sonucu kısmen harap olan bina tekrar restore edilmiştir.

Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından 2011 ile 2014 arasında yaklaşık üç yıl süren restorasyon çalışmaları 06 Haziran 2014 tarihinde tamamlanmış ve cami zamanın başbakanı şu anki cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'ın katıldığı tören ile yeniden ibadet ve ziyarete açılmıştır.

Resimler

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 http://www.istanbul.gov.tr*

Beşiktaş'taki camiler
1854'te tamamlanan camiler
1854'te Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda kurulan oluşumlar
İstanbul'daki Osmanlı camileri
Garabet Amira Balyan eserleri
Nigoğos Balyan eserleri
Osmanlı barok mimari
İstanbul Boğazı
Türkiye'deki Neobarok yapılar

Büyük Mecidiye Camii


Den røde Slangeklub er en dansk stumfilm fra 1915.

Handling
Lord Henry er antikvitetssamler. "Den røde Slangeklub" står i forbindelse med jøden Silberstein og laver et indbrud hos Lord Henry, fanger ham og skal netop til at skyde ham og Silbersteins datter, da politiet kommer til og tager banden til fange. Lord Henry og Anita forenes.

Medvirkende

 Luzzy Werren, Anita
 Marius Berggren
 Vilhelm Poss-Nielsen
 Einar Bruun

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Spillefilm fra Danmark
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1915

Den røde Slangeklub


The , එසේත් නැත්නම් , යනු ජපානයේ Ryukyu Islands හි දකුණු කෙළවරට වන්නට පිහිටි Yonaguni වෙරළට ආසන්නව ජලයෙන් යටවී ඇති පාෂාණ පිහිටුමකි. මෙය තායිවානයේ සිට ආසන්න වශයෙන් කිලෝමීටර සියයක් (100) පමණ නැගෙනහිර දෙසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත.

Marine geologist Masaaki Kimura ප්‍රකාශ කරන්නේ මෙය මිනිසා විසින් නිර්මාණය කරන ලද්දක් ලෙසය. These claims have been described as pseudoarchaeological.

ජපානයේ Agency for Cultural Affairs හෝ Okinawa Prefecture හි රජය මෙය වැදගත් සංස්කෘතික පුරාවස්තුවක් ලෙස නොසලකයි.

සොයාගැනීම

ස්ථානය සහ භූ විද්‍යාව

ස්වාභාවික නිර්මාණය
Boston University geologist Robert Schoch වැන්නන් විසින් මෙය බොහෝදුරට ස්වභාවිකව බිහිවූවක් ලෙස සකලති.

කෘතිම ව්‍යුහ ලෙස වන ව්‍යාජ පුරාවිද්‍යාත්මක (Pseudoarchaeological) ප්‍රකාශ
මෙම ස්මාරකය අවම වශයෙන් අවුරුදු 10,000 ක් වත් පැරණි බවට් (8,000 BCE) මුලදී ඇස්තමේන්තුගත විය. ඒ එය ජලයට ඉහලින් පිහිටි යුගයට අනුවය. එමනිසා එය lost continent of Mu හි අවශේෂයක් විය හැකි බවට උපකල්පනය කෙරුණි.

ආශ්‍රිත

 Bimini Road
 Giant's Causeway
 Marine archaeology in the Gulf of Cambay
 Pantelleria Vecchia Bank Megalith
 Unidentified submerged object

මූලාශ්‍ර

Landforms of Okinawa Prefecture
Tourist attractions in Okinawa Prefecture
Pseudoarchaeology
Rock formations of Japan
Geotopes

Yonaguni Monument


بحر لِغُريَة أو البحر الليغوري  يسمى الليغوري نسبة لمقاطعة لغرية شمال إيطاليا وهو جزء من البحر الأبيض المتوسط تطل عليه كل من فرنسا وإيطاليا وموناكو.

مراجع

الحدود الإيطالية الفرنسية
بحار
بحار أوروبية
بحار إيطاليا
بحار فرنسا
ل
تضاريس توسكانا
تضاريس فرنسا
تضاريس كورسيكا
تضاريس ليغوريا
جغرافيا أوروبا الجنوبية
جغرافيا أوروبا الغربية
حدود موناكو
مسطحات مائية في موناكو

بحر لغرية