Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is an acquired cardiomyopathy due to inflammation of the heart muscle. Symptoms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, decreased ability to exercise, and an irregular heartbeat. The duration of problems can vary from hours to months. Complications may include heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy or cardiac arrest.

Myocarditis is most often due to a viral infection. Other causes include bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins and autoimmune disorders. A diagnosis may be supported by an electrocardiogram (ECG), increased troponin, heart MRI, and occasionally a heart biopsy. An ultrasound of the heart is important to rule out other potential causes such as heart valve problems.

Treatment depends on both the severity and the cause. Medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and diuretics are often used. A period of no exercise is typically recommended during recovery. Corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be useful in certain cases. In severe cases an implantable cardiac defibrillator or heart transplant may be recommended.

In 2013, about 1.5 million cases of acute myocarditis occurred. While people of all ages are affected, the young are most often affected. It is slightly more common in males than females. Most cases are mild. In 2015 cardiomyopathy, including myocarditis, resulted in 354,000 deaths up from 294,000 in 1990. The initial descriptions of the condition are from the mid-1800s.

Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms associated with myocarditis are varied, and relate either to the actual inflammation of the myocardium or to the weakness and dysfunction of the heart muscle that is secondary to the inflammation. While myocarditis may develop over periods ranging from hours to months, patients typically present with signs and symptoms that resemble heart failure, including the following:

Since myocarditis is often due to a viral illness, many patients experience symptoms consistent with a recent viral infection including a fever, rash, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, joint pains, and easily becoming tired. Additionally, myocarditis is often associated with pericarditis, and many people with myocarditis present with signs and symptoms that suggest myocarditis and pericarditis at the same time.

Children primarily present with the aforementioned symptoms associated with a viral infection. Later stages of the illness can involve the respiratory system and lead to increased work of breathing. These are often mistaken for asthma.

Myocarditis can be distinguished as either fulminant or acute based on the severity of symptoms on presentation, as well as the time course over which symptoms develop and persist. This categorization can help predict the treatment, outcomes, and complications of myocarditis.

Fulminant myocarditis is defined as sudden and severe myocarditis that is associated with signs and symptoms of heart failure while at rest. More specifically, fulminant myocarditis is characterized by a distinct, rapid onset of severe heart failure symptoms, such as shortness of breath and chest pain, that develop over the course of hours to days. Additionally, treatment requires the use of medications or mechanical devices to improve heart function.

Acute non-fulminant myocarditis has a less distinct onset in contrast to fulminant myocarditis, and evolves over days to months. While the symptoms of acute myocarditis overlap with those of fulminant myocarditis, they do not typically occur at rest, and treatment does not require the use of mechanical circulatory support.

Causes
While many causes of myocarditis are known, there are many cases in which a causative agent cannot be identified. In Europe and North America, viruses are common culprits. Worldwide, however, the most common cause is Chagas disease, an illness endemic to Central and South America that results from infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Overall, myocarditis can be caused by infections, immune conditions, toxins, drug reactions, and physical injuries to the heart. These different etiologies are detailed below.

Infections
The most common causes of myocarditis are infectious organisms. Viral infections are the most common cause in developed countries, with a majority of cases being caused by those with single-stranded RNA genetic information such as Coxsackie viruses (especially Coxsackie B3 and B5). Globally, Chagas disease is the leading cause of myocarditis, which results from infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Bacteria can also result in myocarditis, although it is rare in patients with normal heart function and without a preexisting immunodeficiency. A list of the most relevant infectious organisms is below.
Viral: adenovirus, parvovirus B19, coxsackie virus, rubella virus, polio virus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis C virus, influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2, causing COVID-19)
 Protozoan: Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii (causing Chagas disease and toxoplasmosis, respectively)
 Bacterial: Brucella, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, Actinomyces, Tropheryma whipplei, Vibrio cholerae, Borrelia burgdorferi, Leptospira, Rickettsia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae
 Fungal: Aspergillus
 Parasitic: Ascaris, Echinococcus granulosus, Paragonimus westermani, Schistosoma, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, visceral larva migrans, Wuchereria bancrofti

Immune conditions
 Allergic reaction (e.g., to acetazolamide or amitriptyline)
Kawasaki disease
 Autoimmunity (scleroderma, lupus, sarcoidosis, and systemic vasculitides)
 Toxic shock syndrome

Drug reactions and toxins
Anthracyclines and other forms of chemotherapy
Antipsychotics including clozapine
Alcohol
Stimulants such as mephedrone and cocaine
Arsenic
Carbon monoxide
Snake venom
Heavy metals (copper or iron)

Vaccination
 Myocarditis and pericarditis can be a rare side effect of some vaccines like the smallpox vaccine.
 Myocarditis can be a rare side-effect of the Covid-19 mRNA vaccines. The FDA and European Medicines Agency estimates the risk of myocarditis after the Covid-19 vaccine as 1 case per 100,000 of those who are vaccinated. The risk of myocarditis after Covid-19 vaccination was observed to be highest in males between 16–29 years of age, and after receiving the second dose of the mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. For this high-risk group, incidence of myocarditis has been reported to be more than 1 case per 10,000.

Physical injuries
 Electric shock
Hyperpyrexia, and radiation

Mechanism
Most forms of myocarditis involve the infiltration of heart tissues by one or two types of pro-inflammatory blood cells, lymphocytes and macrophages plus two respective descendants of these cells, NK cells and macrophages. Eosinophilic myocarditis is a subtype of myocarditis in which cardiac tissue is infiltrated by another type of pro-inflammatory blood cell, the eosinophil. Eosinophilic myocarditis is further distinguished from non-eosinophilic myocarditis by having a different set of causes and recommended treatments.

The pathophysiology of viral myocarditis is not well understood, but it is believed to involve cardiotropic viruses (viruses with a high affinity for the heart muscle) gaining entry to cardiac muscle cells, usually via binding to a transmembrane receptor. Over approximately the next 1–7 days the virus replicates and causes inflammation leadings to necrosis and apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells (myocytes) and activation of the innate immune system. Over the next 1–4 weeks, viral replication continues with subsequent activation of the acquired immune system leading to T cell infiltration and the formation of antibodies, including possibly auto-antibodies. Over the next few months to years, this process either resolves and concludes with viral clearance or it may progress to cause permanent heart damage such as dilated cardiomyopathy, ventricular dysfunction or other cardiomyopathies. Coxsackie B, specifically B3 and B5, has been found to interact with coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) and decay-accelerating factor (DAF). However, other proteins have also been identified that allow Coxsackieviruses to bind to cardiac cells. The natural function of CAR and mechanism that the Coxsackievirus uses to infect the cardiac muscle is still unknown. The mechanism by which coxsackie B viruses (CBVs) trigger inflammation is believed to be through the recognition of CBV virions by Toll-like receptors.

The binding of many types of coronaviruses, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus, through ACE2 receptors present in heart muscle may be responsible for direct viral injury leading to myocarditis. In a study done during the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak,  SARS viral RNA  was detected in the autopsy of heart specimens in 35% of the patients in the Toronto, Canada area who had died due to SARS. It was also observed that an already diseased heart has increased expression of ACE2 receptor contrasted to healthy individuals which may lead to greater viral infiltration in the heart muscle. Hyperactive immune responses in COVID-19 patients may lead to the initiation of the cytokine storm. This excess release of cytokines may lead to myocardial injury. In addition to direct cardiac myocyte (heart muscle cell) damage due to SARS-CoV-2 viral infiltration and inflammation, there are other suspected mechanisms that Covid-19 may indirectly cause myocarditis. During COVID-19, the other indirect mechanisms thought to contribute to myocarditis include: oxygen supply-demand mismatch to the heart muscle leading to myocardial (heart muscle) injury; microvascular thrombi, or blood clots in the small blood vessels of the heart causing injury; the systemic hyperinflammatory state in Covid-19 leading to heart muscle injury; or the virus causing indirect damage to the heart by inducing auto-immune mediated damage to the heart muscle (and frequently other organs).

Diagnosis

Myocarditis refers to an underlying process that causes inflammation and injury of the heart.  It does not refer to inflammation of the heart as a consequence of some other insult.  Many secondary causes, such as a heart attack, can lead to inflammation of the myocardium and therefore the diagnosis of myocarditis cannot be made by evidence of inflammation of the myocardium alone.

Myocardial inflammation can be suspected on the basis of elevated inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), or an increased IgM (serology) against viruses known to affect the myocardium. Markers of myocardial damage (troponin or creatine kinase cardiac isoenzymes) are elevated. The CRP and ESR are sometimes elevated in myocarditis but they are not specific as they may be elevated due to many other causes. Similarly, CK may be elevated in myocarditis but is also non-specific, as it may be elevated in myositis (skeletal muscle injury). High sensitivity troponin is usually elevated in myocarditis and this marker is very specific to myocardial (heart muscle) injury.

Myocardial inflammation may also be suspected based on ECG findings, but these findings are not specific to myocarditis. The ECG finding most commonly seen in myocarditis is sinus tachycardia with non-specific ST or T wave changes. But other findings that may be seen in perimyocarditis (a combination of pericarditis and myocarditis) include PR segment depression, PR segment depression with associated ST segment elevation, diffuse ST segment elevation (in a pericarditis pattern). ST segment elevation was seen in 62% of people with myocarditis. The presence of Q waves, a widened QRS complex, prolongation of the QT interval, high degree AV nodal blockade, and ventricular tachyarrhythmias are associated with a poor prognosis when seen on ECG in people with myocarditis.

The gold standard is the biopsy of the myocardium, in general done in the setting of angiography. A small tissue sample of the endocardium and myocardium is taken and investigated. The cause of the myocarditis can be only identified by a biopsy. Endomyocardial biopsy samples are assessed for histopathology (how the tissue looks like under the microscope): myocardial interstitium may show abundant edema and inflammatory infiltrate, rich in lymphocytes and macrophages. Focal destruction of myocytes explains the myocardial pump failure. In addition samples may be assessed with  immunohistochemistry to determine which types of immune cells are involved in the reaction and how they are distributed. Furthermore, PCR and/or RT-PCR may be performed to identify particular viruses. Finally, further diagnostic methods like microRNA assays and gene-expression profile may be performed.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI or CMR) has been shown to be very useful in diagnosing myocarditis by visualizing markers for inflammation of the myocardium. Cardiac MRI is most sensitive when performed 2–3 weeks after the initial clinical presentation of myocarditis and may be repeated 6–12 months after onset to monitor the evolution of disease or response to treatment. The Lake Louise Criteria (established in 2009) are a commonly used MRI criteria to establish the diagnosis of myocarditis in suspected cases. The Lake Louise Criteria include increased signal intensity after gadolinium contrast enhancement (a sign of hyperemia, or increased blood flow to damaged tissue), increased myocardial T2 relaxation time or an increased T2 signal intensity (which are signs of tissue edema or swelling), and late gadolinium contrast enhancement (which is a sign of tissue necrosis (tissue damage) or fibrosis (scarring)). In 2018, additional radiographic MRI criteria were added, including increased T1 signal intensity and increased extracellular volume (both of which being signs of myocardial injury). The original 2009 Lake Louise Criteria had a 74% sensitivity and 86% specificity in the diagnosis of myocarditis, but when adding the 2018 update to the criteria (in which T1 signal intensity was found to have high diagnostic sensitivity), the sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of myocarditis increased to 88% and 96% respectively. Cardiac MRI, if available, is recommended in all cases of suspected myocarditis.

Treatment
While myocarditis has many etiologies and a variable constellation of signs and symptoms, many causes do not have a specific treatment thus the primary focus is on supportive care and symptom management. In some cases of biopsy-proven myocarditis, the causative cell type may indicate condition specific treatments that are beneficial. These treatments typically consist of corticosteroids, or immunosuppressants. Eosinophilic myocarditis, giant cell myocarditis and cardiac sarcoidosis are usually responsive to immunosuppressive treatments; in the form of glucocorticoids with or without azathioprine and cyclosporine. Some of these immune mediated forms of myocarditis require an extended course (maintenance course) of immunosuppressive therapy. It is recommended to rule out drugs and parasites as potential causes of eosinophilic myocarditis as these common causes of the variant can be effectively treated with discontinuation of the offending drug or specific anti-parasitic treatment respectively. Empiric IV glucocorticoids are indicated in acute myocarditis with cardiogenic shock, heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias or high degree AV block that is suspected due to auto-immune disease; but the European Society of Cardiology also recommends subsequent viral genome testing of endomyocardial biopsy specimens due to risk of viral activation, which may necessitate discontinuation of immunosuppression therapy.

In a majority of cases, the main therapies are used to support patients and are dependent on the severity of symptoms and the time course across which myocarditis develops. Supportive therapies can be divided into two broad categories, medications and mechanical support.

Medication
The specific medications that are used to support patients are directly related to the cause of the symptom or sign. Just as the symptoms of myocarditis mirror those of congestive heart failure, so too do the therapies. Additionally, the order in which  therapies are used depends on the degree of heart dysfunction, with stabilization of patient blood pressure and breathing taking highest priority when present. This can involve the use of inotropes, or medications that make the heart contract with greater force, as well as antiarrhythmic drugs such as adenosine or carvedilol. In patients that have stable and adequate heart function, further treatments are based on heart failure guidelines. ACE inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) can have a protective benefit to the heart, so either are typically used in any patient with symptomatic myocarditis. Simultaneously, beta blockers are used in patients that can tolerate their heart beating at a slower rate. Shortness of breath at rest and swelling can be relieved with diuretics such as furosemide, and the addition of aldosterone receptor blockers can augment the diuresis while preventing the excess loss of potassium. In patients with symptoms while resting, additional medications can be added such as digoxin.

Mechanical support
Mechanical support is used in cases of myocarditis in which medications alone do not lead to adequate heart function and the body requires additional support to achieve organ perfusion. Myocarditis cases that require mechanical circulatory support are categorized as fulminant by definition. People that require additional support with their heart function can benefit from the use of ventricular assist devices like intra-aortic balloon pumps. In people with myocarditis severe enough to cause cardiac arrest, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used to adequately pump blood and provide oxygen if needed. Both ventricular assist devices and ECMO can be used as bridge therapy until heart transplantation in patients that are candidates. Heart transplantation is reserved for those that do not respond to the aforementioned conventional medical therapies. An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is sometimes required in those with cardiomyopathy or heart failure caused by myocarditis due to the risk of fatal ventricular arrhythmias. The need for ICD is usually assessed 3–6 months after the onset of myocarditis, after the acute phase of myocarditis has passed, with a temporary, wearable cardioverter-defibrillator acting as a temporary treatment in the interim.

Prognosis
The prognosis associated with myocarditis is stratified by the severity and time course along which symptoms develop. In addition to symptom severity, there are also several indicators of heart function that can be used to predict patient outcomes, many of which are part of the standard evaluation of patients presenting with cardiovascular dysfunction. Most people with myocarditis have an uncomplicated, self-limited and mild course while making a full recovery. However, those with myocarditis that present with a decreased ejection fraction, or those who present with heart failure, advanced atrioventricular block, with sustained ventricular arrhythmias or with hemodynamic instability have a worse prognosis with an increased risk of death or need for heart transplantation.

An electrocardiogram is one of the most common screening tools used in cases of suspected cardiac pathology, such as myocarditis. The findings that correlate with poorer outcomes are non-specific and include widened QRS complexes and QT intervals, partial or complete atrial-ventricular heart block, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias like sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Electrocardiogram findings of ST elevations with upward concavity and an early repolarization pattern, however, were associated with a better cardiovascular prognosis in general.

In cases of acute myocarditis, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can reveal several prognostic indicators that, similar to ECGs, are non-specific and reflect poorer cardiac physiology. Late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac MRI demonstrates perturbations in extracellular volume as a result of cell necrosis or edema, and is significantly associated with increases in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events. The association was strongest with any late gadolinium enhancement, but remained true for findings of anterolateral-specific enhancement. A similar relationship was found between a left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%, increased mortality, and increased major adverse cardiovascular events.

Myocarditis has been reported to be a major cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in infants, adolescents, and young adults, but the reported rates show wide variation (1 to 14 percent) among young people depending on differences in SCD definition and classification/ definition of myocarditis post-mortem as well as heterogeneity of study populations.

In fulminant myocarditis, in which an inflammatory cytokine storm occurs, cardiac functions decline rapidly and the death rate is high.

Epidemiology
The prevalence of myocarditis is estimated to be about 1-10 cases per 100,000 persons per year, with higher estimates at 22 cases per 100,000 persons annually. The highest incidence of myocarditis is seen in men between the ages of 20 and 40. Fulminant myocarditis, the most severe subtype, has been shown to occur in up to 2.5% of known myocarditis presentations. When looking at different causes of myocarditis, viral infection is the most prevalent, especially in children; however, the prevalence rate of myocarditis is often underestimated as the condition is easily overlooked and is sometimes asymptomatic. Viral myocarditis being an outcome of viral infection depends heavily on genetic host factors and the pathogenicity unique to the virus. If one tests positive for an acute viral infection, clinical developments have discovered that 1-5% of said population may show some form of myocarditis.

In regard to the population affected, myocarditis is more common in pregnant women, children, and those who are immunocompromised. Myocarditis, however, has shown to be more common in the male population than in the female. Multiple studies report a 1:1.3-1.7 female-male ratio of prevalence of myocarditis. In young adults, up to 20% of all cases of sudden death are due to myocarditis. Young males specifically have a higher incidence rate than any other population due to their testosterone levels creating a greater inflammatory response that increases the chance of cardiac pathologies. While males tend to have a higher risk of developing myocarditis, females tend to display more severe signs and symptoms, such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, but do so at an older age. Among patients with HIV, myocarditis is the most common cardiac pathological finding at autopsy, with a prevalence of 50% or more.

Myocarditis is the third most common cause of death among young adults with a cumulative incidence rate globally of 1.5 cases per 100,000 persons annually. Myocarditis accounts for approximately 20% of sudden cardiac death in a variety of populations, including adults under the age of 40, young athletes, United States Air Force recruits, and elite Swedish orienteers.  With individuals who develop myocarditis, the first year is difficult as a collection of cases have shown there is a 20% mortality rate.

Myocarditis and COVID-19
Myocarditis can be seen during COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus; with the myocarditis being associated with a spectrum of severities from asymptomatic to fulminant. In one cohort study, comparing the autopsy reports of 277 hearts of people who died from COVID-19, clinically significant myocarditis was seen in approximately 2% of hearts. Other estimates of the incidence of myocarditis in those with COVID-19 range from 2.4 cases of definite/probable myocarditis (based on clinical criteria) per 1,000 people with COVID-19 to 4.1 cases per 1,000 persons in those who are hospitalized with COVID-19.

Although myocarditis is relatively rare in those with COVID-19, when it is present it is likely to follow a severe and fulminant course for those previously hospitalized with COVID-19. Of those with COVID-19 and myocarditis, 39% presented with severe myocarditis associated with hemodynamic instability, needing mechanical circulation support or other major interventions. Severe myocarditis in COVID-19 is also more likely in those who have COVID-19 pneumonia.

Myocarditis is a rare adverse side effect from mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.

History
Cases of myocarditis have been documented as early as the 1600s, but the term "myocarditis", implying an inflammatory process of the myocardium, was introduced by German physician Joseph Friedrich Sobernheim in 1837. However, the term has been confused with other cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Following admonition regarding the indiscriminate use of myocarditis as a diagnosis from authorities such as British cardiologist Sir Thomas Lewis and American cardiologist and co-founder of the American Heart Association Paul White, myocarditis was under-diagnosed.

Although myocarditis is clinically and pathologically clearly defined as "inflammation of the myocardium", its definition, classification, diagnosis, and treatment are subject to continued controversy, but endomyocardial biopsy has helped define the natural history of myocarditis and clarify clinicopathological correlations.

See also
 Viral cardiomyopathy
 Eosinophilic myocarditis
 Myopericarditis

References

External links

Chronic rheumatic heart diseases
Heart diseases
Inflammations
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate

Myocarditis


La Bermudian Premier División, llamada Cingular Wireless Premier División por razones de patrocinio, es la categoría mayor de fútbol en Bermudas, administrada por la Asociación de Fútbol de Bermudas.

Formato
En esta Liga participan 10 equipos. Los últimos 2 equipos de la tabla descienden a la Primera División.

El torneo se juega con un formato de 2 vueltas todos contra todos y el que consiga más puntos será el campeón.

Equipos 2022/23

Palmarés

{| align=center width=50% border=1 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="wikitable: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- align=center bgcolor=#006699 style="color: white;"
!style="background:#006699;"|Temporada
!style="background:#006699;"|Campeón
|-
|1963/64 || Young Men's Social Club
|-
|1964/65 || Young Men's Social Club
|-
|1965/66 || Young Men's Social Club
|-
|1966/67 || Somerset Cricket Club
|-
|1967/68 || Somerset Cricket Club
|-
|1968/69 || Somerset Cricket Club
|-
|1969/70 || Somerset Cricket Club
|-
|1970/71 || Pembroke Hamilton Club
|-
|1971/72 || Devonshire Colts FC
|-
|1972/73 || Devonshire Colts FC
|-
|1973/74 || North Village Rams
|-
|1974/75 || Hotels International FC
|-
|1975/76 || North Village Rams
|-
|1976/77 || Pembroke Hamilton Club
|-
|1977/78 || North Village Rams
|-
|1978/79 || North Village Rams
|-
|1979/80 || Hotels International FC
|-
|1980/81 || Southampton Rangers SC
|-
|1981/82 || Somerset Cricket Club
|-
|1982/83 || Somerset Cricket Club
|-
|1983/84 || Somerset Cricket Club
|-
|1984/85 || Pembroke Hamilton Club
|-
|1985/86 || Pembroke Hamilton Club
|-
|1986/87 || Somerset Cricket Club
|-
|1987/88 || Dandy Town FC
|-
|1988/89 || Pembroke Hamilton Club
|-
|1989/90 || Pembroke Hamilton Club
|-
|1990/91 || Boulevard Community Club
|-
|1991/92 || Pembroke Hamilton Club
|-
|1992/93 || Somerset Cricket Club
|-
|1993/94 || Dandy Town FC
|-
|1994/95 || Boulevard Community Club
|-
|1995/96 || Vasco da Gama FC
|-
|1996/97 || Devonshire Colts FC
|-
|1997/98 || Vasco da Gama FC
|-
|1998/99 || Vasco da Gama FC
|-
|1999/00 || PHC Zebras
|-
|2000/01 || Dandy Town Hornets FC
|-
|2001/02 || North Village Rams
|-
|2002/03 || North Village Rams
|-
|2003/04 || Dandy Town Hornets FC
|-
|2004/05 || Devonshire Cougars
|-
|2005/06 || North Village Rams
|-
|2006/07 || Devonshire Cougars
|-
|2007/08 || PHC Zebras
|-
|2008/09 || Devonshire Cougars
|-
|2009/10 || Dandy Town Hornets FC
|-
|2010/11 || North Village Rams
|-
|2011/12 || Dandy Town Hornets FC
|-
|2012/13 || Devonshire Cougars
|-
|2013/14 || Dandy Town Hornets FC
|-
|2014/15 || Somerset Trojans
|-
|2015-16 || Dandy Town Hornets FC
|-
|2016/17 || Robin Hood FC
|-
|2017/18 || PHC Zebras
|-
|2018-19 || PHC Zebras
|-
|2019-20 || North Village Rams
|-
|2020/21 || colspan=1 style=background:#efefef|Abandonado
|-
|2021-22 || Dandy Town Hornets FC
|}

Títulos por club

Goleadores por edición

† Récord de Liga
†† información incompleta. Otros jugadores tal vez superaron a Millsen en la tabla de goleo.

Enlaces externos
 Bermuda FA

Liga Premier de Bermudas

Liga Premier de Bermudas


Anna Eleonora af Hessen-Darmstadt (født 30. juli 1601 i Darmstadt i Hessen, Tyskland, død 6. maj 1659 på slottet Herzberg) var hertuginde af Braunschweig-Lüneburg og mor til dronning Sophie Amalie af Danmark.

Anna Eleonora var datter af landgreve Ludvig V af Hessen-Darmstadt (1577–1626) og hans hustru Magdalena af Brandenburg (1582–1616). Hun giftede sig den 14. december 1617 i Darmstadt med den kommende hertug Georg af Braunschweig-Lüneburg.

En af deres sønner, Ernst August, var fader til Georg 1. af Storbritannien. Datteren Sophie Amalia blev dronning af Danmark, gift med Frederik III. Hertug Georg udså i sit testamente hustruen Anna Eleonora og sin broder og sin svoger til formyndere for deres sønner.

Hun fik otte børn, hvoraf fem levede til voksen alder:
Christian Ludwig  (1622–1665)
Georg Wilhelm  (1624–1705)
Johan Frederik  (1625–1679)
Sophie Amalie  (1628–1685)
Ernst August  (1629–1698)

Eksterne henvisninger
 H. Ch. Heimbürger: Georg Wilhelm, Herzog von Braunschweig u. Lüneburg
 Skeel & Kannegaard Genealogy

Huset Welf

Anna Eleonora af Hessen-Darmstadt


River Jude Phoenix () a fost un actor, muzician și activist american. El a fost fratele mai mare al lui Rain Phoenix, Joaquin Phoenix, Liberty Phoenix și Summer Phoenix.

Munca lui Phoenix a cuprins 24 de filme și apariții de televiziune, iar creșterea sa spre faimă a dus la statutul său de "idol adolescent". A început cariera de actorie la vârsta de 10 ani, în reclame de televiziune. A jucat în filmul de aventuri science fiction "Explorers" (1985) și a avut primul său rol important în 1986 în "Stand by Me". Phoenix a făcut o tranziție în mai multe roluri orientate spre adulți cu "Running on Empty" (1988), jucând fiul părinților fugari într-un spectacol bine primit, care i-a adus o nominalizare la un Premiu Oscar pentru cel mai bun actor în rol secundar și "My Own Private Idaho" (1991), jucând un hustler gay în căutarea mamei sale înstrăinate. Pentru ultima lui performanță, Phoenix a câștigat o enormă laudă și a câștigat Cupa Volpi pentru cel mai bun actor la Festivalul de Film de la Veneția, împreună cu cel mai bun actor de la Societatea Națională de Critici de Film.

Pe 31 octombrie 1993, Phoenix a murit de intoxicație combinată cu medicamente după o supradoză de droguri pe trotuarul din fața clubului de noapte West Hollywood The Viper Room, la vârsta de 23 de ani. În momentul morții sale, Phoenix fusese în mijlocul filmării pentru filmul "Dark Blood" din 2012.

Biografie
Phoenix s-a născut pe 23 august 1970 în Madras, Oregon, Statele Unite, primul copil al lui Arlyn Dunetz și John Lee Bottom. Părinții lui Phoenix l-au numit după râul vieții din romanul lui Hermann Hesse, Siddhartha, iar al doilea nume l-a primit după piesa Hey Jude a lui Beatles. Într-un interviu cu "People", Phoenix și-a descris părinții  lui ca "hippie". Mama sa s-a născut în Bronx, New York, părinți fiind evrei ai căror familii au emigrat din Rusia și Ungaria. Tatăl său a fost un catolic din Fontana, California, de origine engleză, germană și franceză. În 1968, mama lui Phoenix și-a părăsit familia din New York și a călătorit prin Statele Unite. În timp ce călătorea în nord-ul Californiei s-a întâlnit cu John Lee Bottom. S-au căsătorit pe 13 septembrie 1969, în mai puțin de un an de la întâlnire.

Familia lui Phoenix s-a mutat în țară când era foarte tânăr. Phoenix a fost crescut în Micanopy, Florida, o mică suburbie din Gainesville, unde locuiau în sărăcie. Phoenix a declarat că au trăit într-o "situație disperată". Phoenix cânta de multe ori la chitară în timp ce el și sora lui au cântat pe colțurile străzii pentru bani și mâncare pentru a-și ajuta familia în cresterea banilor. Phoenix nu a participat niciodată la școala oficială. Scenaristul Naomi Foner a comentat mai târziu: "El a fost total, absolut fără educație. Adică, putea să citească și să scrie și a avut un apetit pentru el, dar nu avea rădăcini adânci în vreun fel de istorie sau literatură". Aceasta este contrazisă de o declarație a lui George Sluizer, care a susținut că Phoenix era dislexic.

Copiii lui Dumnezeu
În 1973, familia s-a alăturat unei noi controversate mișcări religioase creștine, numită "Copiii lui Dumnezeu", ca misionari. Familia se muta în Caracas, Venezuela, unde Copiii lui Dumnezeu i-au așezat să lucreze ca misionari și culegători de fructe. Deși Phoenix rareori vorbea despre cult, el a fost citat de Arlyn Phoenix într-un articol din Esquire din 1994 că a spus: "Sunt dezgustători, ei distrug viețile oamenilor". Într-un interviu cu revista Details din noiembrie 1991, Phoenix a declarat că și-a pierdut virginitatea la vârsta de doar 4 ani în timpul Copiilor lui Dumnezeu, "dar l-am blocat."

Arlyn și John au devenit deziluzionați în cele din urmă cu Copiii lui Dumnezeu; Arlyn îi va spune mai târziu unui jurnalist că ea și soțul ei s-au opus practicii grupului "Flirty Fishing", afirmând: "Grupul a fost distorsionat de liderul David Berg, care devenea puternic și bogat. ". La sfârșitul anilor '70, familia lui River s-a mutat cu părinții lui Arlyn în Florida. Familia a schimbat oficial numele lor în Phoenix, după pasărea mitică care se ridică din cenușa sa, simbolizând un nou început.

Moartea

La sfârșitul lunii octombrie în 1993, Phoenix s-a întors la Los Angeles din Utah pentru a finaliza cele trei săptămâni de fotografii interioare rămase la ultimul său proiect, Dark Blood, un film care a fost finalizat în anul 2012.

Muzicianul (și viitorul consilier în materie de droguri) Bob Forrest, un bun prieten al lui Phoenix, în memoria sa din 2013, Running With Monsters, a dat una dintre cele mai detaliate povestiri despre ultimele zile ale lui Phoenix și momentele care au dus la moartea sa. Forrest a spus că în zilele premergătoare morții sale, Phoenix a rămas cu John Frusciante, chitaristul trupei Red Hot Chili Peppers. Cei doi vor face împreună cantități mari de droguri, pornind pe balamale imense și abia dacă dormeau vreodată. El a spus că rutina medicamentelor este consecventă pentru toți, întrucât era și el acolo, drogându-se cu ei. Mai întâi ar fuma fisuri sau ar injecta cocaină intravenos, apoi ar injecta heroină.

În seara zilei de 30 octombrie 1993, Phoenix urma să concerteze alături de trupa P care i-a prezentat pe prietenii săi buni Flea de la Red Hot Chili Peppers, actorul Johnny Depp, Gibby Haynes de la Butthole Surfers împreună cu Al Jourgensen, de la Ministry la The Viper Room, un club de noapte de la Hollywood deținut parțial la acea vreme de Johnny Depp. Forrest susține că Phoenix și Frusciante au ajuns la club împreună, unde s-ar fi întâlnit cu iubita lui Phoenix, Samantha Mathis, fratele lui, Joaquin Phoenix și sora lor Rain, împreună cu Flea și Johnny Depp. După sosire, cocaina a fost trecută imediat. Forrest a spus mai târziu că Phoenix era deja destul de fumat și a fost, așa cum a spus el, "nesigur ca un boxer care a luat prea multe lovituri de cap în timpul unui atac de cincisprezece runde".

În timpul concertului realizat de formația  P, Forrest a spus că Phoenix l-a lovit pe umăr pentru a-i spune că nu se simte bine și că a crezut că a făcut supradoză. Forrest i-a spus lui Phoenix că nu crede că a făcut supradoză pentru că putea sta în picioare și să vorbească. Cu toate acestea, s-a oferit să-l ia pe Phoenix acasă, dar Phoenix a refuzat, spunând că se simte mai bine. Câteva momente mai târziu, Forrest a spus că o agitație a izbucnit în club, a ieșit afară și a găsit-o pe Samantha Mathis urlând în timp ce iubitul ei zăcea pe trotuar având convulsii. Joaquin a sunat la 911, dar nu a putut să stabilească dacă Phoenix respira sau nu. Sora lui, Rain, a continuat să-i facă o resuscitare gură-la-gură.

Când a ajuns ambulanța, Phoenix era încă în viață și Flea a mers cu el la Spitalul Cedar-Sinai. Când Forrest a ajuns la spital, a văzut-o pe Mathis stând pe hol plângând. Încercările ulterioare de resuscitare a Phoenix la spital nu au reușit. El a fost declarat mort la ora 01:51 în dimineața zilei de 31 octombrie 1993 la 23 de ani.

În cartea din 2013, Last Night at Viper Room: River Phoenix Aand the Hollywood He Left Behind, Gavin Edwards subliniază vina pe Frusciante ca fiind cel care i-a dat lui Phoenix medicamentele care i-au luat viața. Într-un interviu cu regizorul William Richert, Edwards discută despre moartea lui Phoenix afirmând că și Samantha Mathis l-a acuzat pe Frusciante.

Filmografie

Filme

Televiziune

Videocipuri muzicale

Note

Bibliografie
 Holmstrom, John. The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995. Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, p. 380-381.

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1970
Nașteri pe 23 august
Decese în 1993
Decese pe 31 octombrie
Actori americani
Muzicieni americani
Decese cauzate de căderi accidentale

River Phoenix


Rehhorst er en by og kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Nordstormarn under Kreis Stormarn. Kreis Stormarn ligger i den sydøstlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Rehhorst ligger omkring 13 km vest for Lübeck og omkring 5 km nord for Reinfeld. Vandløbene Bisnitz og Wohldbek løber gennem kommunen. I kommunen ligger ud over Rehhorst, landsbyerne Willendorf og Pöhls, samt bebyggelserne Hamannsöhlen, Voßkathen og Neukoppel.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens side  på amtets websted
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2014 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Stormarn

Rehhorst


Municipio de Clark puede referirse a:

 Municipio de Clark (Dakota del Norte)
 Municipio de Clark (condado de Mackinac, Míchigan)
 Municipio de Clark (Nueva Jersey)
  Municipio de Clark (condado de Clinton, Ohio)
 Municipio de Clark (condado de Aitkin, Minnesota)
 Municipio de Clark (condado de Lincoln, Misuri)
 Municipio de Clark (condado de Atchison, Misuri)

Municipio de Clark


An Eulophia monile in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Eulophia monile in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eulophia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eulophia

Eulophia monile


Holm, Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Nordfriesland iline bağlı yerleşim yeri. 4 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. 31 Aralık 2015 itibarıyla yaklaşık 79 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kilometrekare başına yaklaşık 20 kişilik bir nüfus yoğunluğuna sahiptir. Belediye Başkanlığı Günther Jürgensen tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-suedtondern.de

Kaynakça

Nordfriesland iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Holm (Nordfriesland)


Bjørnafjorden peut désigner :

 Le Bjørnafjorden ou Bjørnafjord, un fjord situé dans le comté de Vestland, en Norvège.
 Bjørnafjorden (municipalité) une municipalité de 25 049 habitants située au bord du fjord et qui tire son nom de celui-ci.

Bjørnafjorden (homonymie)


The Royal Northern College of Music (RNCM) is a conservatoire located in Manchester, England. It is one of four conservatoires associated with the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music. In addition to being a centre of music education, RNCM is one of the UK's busiest and most diverse public performance venues.

History
The RNCM has a history dating back to the 19th century and the establishment of the Royal Manchester College of Music (RMCM). In 1858, Sir Charles Hallé founded the Hallé orchestra in Manchester, and by the early 1890s had raised the idea of a music college in the city. Following an appeal for support, a building on Ducie Street was secured, Hallé was appointed Principal and Queen Victoria conferred the Royal title. The RMCM opened its doors to 80 students in 1893, rising to 117 by the end of the first year. Less than four decades later, in 1920, the Northern School of Music was established (initially as a branch of the Matthay School of Music), and for many years the two institutions peacefully coexisted. It wasn't until 1955 that NSM Principal, Hilda Collins in recognising the importance of performance in training students, met with RMCM Principal, Frederic Cox, to raise the question of merging. Discussions continued until September 1967 when a Joint Committee was formed to oversee plans to combine the two colleges. The RNCM was formed in 1972, moving to its purpose-built home on Oxford Road in 1973.

Building

The college building was built on the corner of Oxford Road and Booth Street East between 1968 and 1973 by architects Bickerdike, Allen, and Rich. The two-storey rectangular concrete structure is fronted by tall glazed bays recessed behind an array of square concrete pillars. Originally an elevated walkway ran along the Oxford Road side connecting the building to the former neighbouring Precinct Centre via a bridge over Booth Street East. Truncated sections of this walkway were the vestigial evidence an unrealised plan to create a network of high-level  "boulevards", providing pedestrian routes on concrete stilts above street level from the RNCM to neighbouring buildings, and extending as far as Hulme and Ancoats. Only the bridges over Oxford Road and Booth Street East were ever constructed.

In 1997-8, the RNCM building was extended by architects Mills Beaumont Leavey Channon, with a new entrance built on the western side and the walkway removed.

A major refurbishment of the Concert Hall was undertaken between December 2013 and September 2014 by Scott Hughes Design.

Academics
The college offers both undergraduate (BMus and joint MusB/GRNCM course with the University of Manchester in any of the five specialisations offered) and postgraduate taught programmes (PGDip, MMus) in musical performance and composition. In association with Manchester Metropolitan University the college offers research degrees (MPhil, PhD) in musical performance, composition, musicology and music psychology as part of its Graduate School and also confers awards at Companion, Fellowship (FRNCM) and Member level.

In January 2005, the RNCM was awarded £4.5 million by the Higher Education Funding Council for England to become a recognised Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETL), the only UK conservatoire to be selected.

The RNCM currently has 770 students and 320 teaching staff, the majority of whom are part-time visiting tutors. Many of the staff also teach at the Junior RNCM, a Saturday music school for talented young musicians who are keen on pursuing a musical career.

Faculties
The college is divided into 6 schools by area of specialisation.

School of Composition
School of Keyboard Studies
School of Strings
School of Vocal Studies and Opera
School of Wind, Brass & Percussion
Popular Music

There is also a School of Conducting within its Graduate School.

Student life

Students' Union
The RNCM students' union (RNCMSU) is the main student-run organisation. Besides representing the study body, the RNCMSU also plans and organises social programmes and provides peer support for students. The RNCMSU is member of the National Union of Students.

Student housing

There is a residential hall, Sir Charles Groves Hall, next to the campus. Alternatively, students may choose to rent a flat at the Manchester Student Homes, a provider of housing for university students in Manchester run by the Universities.

Notable alumni

Directors of the RNCM
 John Manduell (1973–1996)
 :Edward Gregson (1996–2008)
 Jonty Stockdale (2008–2012)
 Linda Merrick (2013–present)

See also
 Conservatoires UK
 Hallé Orchestra
 Bridgewater Hall
 Chetham's School of Music

References

Citations

Sources

 Kennedy, Michael (1971) The History of the Royal Manchester College of Music. Manchester University Press
 Royal Manchester College of Music Archive: National Archives
 View of the college

External links

Schools in Manchester
Educational institutions established in 1973
1973 establishments in England
Music in Manchester
Musical instrument museums

Royal Northern College of Music


La Ruta Estatal de Nevada 171, y abreviada SR 171 (en inglés: Nevada State Route 171) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de Nevada. La carretera inicia en el Sur desde la  hacia el Norte en el túnel de acceso al Aeropuerto Internacional McCarran. La carretera tiene una longitud de 1 km (0,639 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta Estatal de Nevada 171 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Nevada por sus siglas en inglés Nevada DOT.

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de Nevada DOT

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de Nevada

Ruta Estatal de Nevada 171


Drusilasaura ist eine Gattung sauropoder Dinosaurier aus der Gruppe der Titanosauria, die während der Unterkreide in Südamerika lebte. Bisher ist lediglich ein einziges, sehr fragmentarisches Skelett bekannt, das aus der Bajo-Barreal-Formation in Argentinien stammt. Die Überreste schließen lediglich vier Rückenwirbel, einen Kreuzbeinwirbel, ein Schulterblatt sowie Fragmente von Rippen mit ein. Drusilasaura wurde 2011 mit der einzigen Art Drusilasaura deseadensis erstmals wissenschaftlich beschrieben.

Merkmale
Wie alle Sauropoden handelte es sich um einen großen, vierbeinigen Pflanzenfresser, dessen Habitus durch einen tonnenförmigen Rumpf mit säulenartigen Beinen und einem langen Hals und Schwanz gekennzeichnet war. Drusilasaura war ein vergleichsweise großer Vertreter der Titanosauria.

Wie bei allen Sauropoden sind die Wirbel mit internen Hohlräumen und externen Aushöhlungen ausgespart, die ihr Gewicht verringerten. Einzelne externe Aushöhlungen wurden durch dünne, lamellenartige Knochenkämme voneinander getrennt – sogenannten Laminae. Die Anatomie dieser Laminae ist bei Sauropoden sehr variabel und dient häufig zur Abgrenzung verschiedener Arten und Gattungen. Drusilasaura lässt sich durch eine einzigartige Kombination von Merkmalen von anderen Gattungen abgrenzen, die sich größtenteils an den Laminae der Rücken- und Schwanzwirbel finden: So sind beispielsweise zwei robuste Spinodiapophyseal-Laminae an den vorderen Rückenwirbeln vorhanden – Laminae, die vom Querfortsatz zum Dornfortsatz verliefen; zwischen diesen beiden Laminae befand sich eine längliche und tiefe Aushöhlung. Außerdem zeigen die vorderen Rückenwirbel eine Circumneural-Laminae, die kreisförmig um den hinteren (posterioren) Ausgang des Wirbellochs verlief.

Systematik
Drusilasaura ist ein Vertreter der Titanosauria, der dominierenden Sauropodengruppe während der Kreidezeit. Die innere Systematik dieser Gruppe ist stark umstritten. In der Erstbeschreibung von Drusilasaura geben César Navarrete und Kollegen an, dass diese Gattung möglicherweise zu den Lognkosauria gezählt werden kann, einer Gruppe innerhalb der Titanosauria, welcher außerdem die Gattungen Mendozasaurus und Futalognkosaurus zugeordnet werden. Diese Gruppe ursprünglicher Titanosauria wurde von Forschern um Jorge Calvo (2007) vorgeschlagen.

Fund und Namensgebung
Der einzige Fund (Holotyp, Exemplarnummern MPM-PV 2097/1 bis 2097/19) stammt aus der obersten Subformation der Bajo-Barreal-Formation aus der Farm María Aike in der argentinischen Provinz Santa Cruz. Er wurde 2011 von Forschern um César Navarrete erstmals wissenschaftlich beschrieben. Der Name Drusilasaura ehrt Drusila Ortiz de Zárate aus der Familie der Farmeigentümer, welcher bei den Grabungsarbeiten half. Der zweite Teil des Artnamens, deseadensis, weist auf den Río Deseado, in dessen Tal die Fossilien gefunden wurden.

Einzelnachweise

Titanosauria
Titanosaurier

Drusilasaura


Gardschütz ist ein Ortsteil von Nobitz im Landkreis Altenburger Land in Thüringen.

Lage
Gardschütz liegt im Pleißetal sechs Kilometer südlich von Altenburg und nördlich von Saara an der Bundesstraße 93. Außerdem berührt den Ort die Bahnstrecke Leipzig–Hof mit einem Bahnhof.

Die Gemarkung des Ortsteils befindet sich auch am Rande der Leipziger Tieflandbucht im Altenburg-Zeitzer  Lösshügelland. Der Ort besteht aus zwei räumlich voneinander getrennten Teilen. Einerseits den heutigen Ort mit der Mühle, drei Häusern und vier landwirtschaftlichen Gebäuden und andererseits einen Teil der zur Agglomeration von Lehndorf gehört, so zählt der nordöstliche Teil von Lehndorf rund um dem Bahnhof mit dem Sägewerk und dem denkmalgeschützten Kornhaus noch zu Gardschützer Gemarkung. Bis 2013 gehörte noch der nördliche Teil des Lehndorfer Siedlungsgebietes zu Gardschützer Gemarkung, wurde allerdings in jenem Jahr Lehndorf zugeordnet.

Geschichte
Im Jahr 1347 wurde der Ort erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Das Dorf geht jedoch von 1378 aus. Gardschütz ist eine sorbische Gründung. Vermutlich zwischen 1270 und 1280 erhielt das Kloster Grünhain das Gebiet um Gardschütz als Lehen. Die Bauern im damaligen slawischen Weiler konnten den Druck der Mönche des benachbarten Klosters nicht widerstehen, so dass der Gardschützer Klosterhof das Land übernehmen konnte. Das Klostergut wurde immer größer, so dass dessen Herrschaft sich außerdem auf die Orte Göhren, Illsitz, Goldschau, Oberarnsdorf, Remsa, Zechau und Zschaiga ausdehnte. Im Jahr 1535 wurde das Kloster säkularisiert. Das Klostergut in Gardschütz wurde in ein Rittergut umgewandelt. 1544 fiel das Land an Bauern in Gardschütz, Lehndorf und Heiligenleichnam.

Gardschütz gehörte zum wettinischen Amt Altenburg, welches ab dem 16. Jahrhundert aufgrund mehrerer Teilungen im Lauf seines Bestehens unter der Hoheit folgender Ernestinischer Herzogtümer stand: Herzogtum Sachsen (1554 bis 1572), Herzogtum Sachsen-Weimar (1572 bis 1603), Herzogtum Sachsen-Altenburg (1603 bis 1672), Herzogtum Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg (1672 bis 1826). Bei der Neuordnung der Ernestinischen Herzogtümer im Jahr 1826 kam der Ort wiederum zum Herzogtum Sachsen-Altenburg.
Nach der Verwaltungsreform im Herzogtum gehörte er bezüglich der Verwaltung zum Ostkreis (bis 1900) bzw. zum Landratsamt Altenburg (ab 1900). Das Dorf gehörte ab 1918 zum Freistaat Sachsen-Altenburg, der 1920 im Land Thüringen aufging. 1922 kam es zum Landkreis Altenburg.

Am 1. Juli 1950 wurde Gardschütz nach Lehndorf eingemeindet. Bei der zweiten Kreisreform in der DDR wurden 1952 die bestehenden Länder aufgelöst und die Landkreise neu zugeschnitten. Somit kam Gardschütz als Ortsteil von Lehndorf mit dem Kreis Altenburg an den Bezirk Leipzig, der seit 1990 als Landkreis Altenburg zu Thüringen gehörte und 1994 im Landkreis Altenburger Land aufging. Mit dem Aufgehen der Gemeinde Lehndorf in der Einheitsgemeinde Saara wurde Gardschütz am 1. Januar 1996 ein Ortsteil dieser Gemeinde, bis diese wiederum am 31. Dezember 2012 zu Nobitz kam. Heute leben etwa 5 Personen im Ortsteil.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
Gardschütz ist bekannt für seine Mühle, die sich seit 1990 wieder in Familienbesitz befindet und noch in Betrieb ist. Sie wurde 1972 verstaatlicht und 1977 mit den Mühlenwerken Saara zusammengeschlossen. Die Mühle arbeitet mit einer Turbine, die durch die Pleiße angetrieben wird und benötigt daher nur etwa die Hälfte an Elektroenergie. Außerdem ist ein Restaurant darin untergebracht. Neben der Mühle führt eine genietete Eisenfachwerk-Fußgängerbrücke über die Pleiße, sie steht unter Denkmalschutz. Die über Jahre gesperrte Brücke über die Bahnstrecke zum Kornhaus bei Lehndorf wurde 2014 im Zuge des Ausbaus der Bahnstrecke abgerissen.

Kfz-Verkehr
An der an dem Ort vorbeiführenden Bundesstraße 93 befindet sich seit 1997 eine Automatische Zählstelle der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, die das Verkehrsaufkommen bestimmt. Sie besitzt die Zählstellennummer 4474. Der DTV (Durchschnittliches Tägliches Verkehrsaufkommen) lag 2014 bei 7767 Kfz am Tag, mit einem Schwerverkehrsanteil von 9,8 %. Damit ist das Verkehrsaufkommen seit 2009 weitgehend stabil.

Weblinks

 Gardschütz auf der Webseite der Gemeinde Nobitz

Einzelnachweise

Geographie (Nobitz)
Ort im Landkreis Altenburger Land
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Altenburger Land)
Ersterwähnung 1347
Gemeindeauflösung 1950
Deutscher Ortsname slawischer Herkunft

Gardschütz


Turdus dissimilis, es una especie de ave paseriforme perteneciente a la familia  Turdidae. Se encuentra en Bangladés, China, India, Laos, Birmania, Pakistán, Tailandia, y Vietnam.

Su hábitat natural son los bosques secos subtropicales o tropicales y los bosques húmedos subtropicales o tropicales de montaña.

Descripción
Este pájaro mide 18 a 22cm (centímetros), y tiene un peso de 75g (gramos). Tiene un claro dimorfismo sexual.

El macho tiene la cabeza y el pecho negro, mientras que el pico es de color amarillo brillante. La parte superior del abdomen y los flancos son de color ladrillo rojo, más o menos intensos, las alas superiores  de color gris oscuro o marrón, dependiendo de la subespecie. La parte inferior del vientre es sucia con las patas blancas y naranja-amarillo.

La hembra tiene una coloración variable en la cabeza que va desde el color oliva al marrón. El dorso y las alas son de color marrón oscuro. Su garganta, parte inferior del abdomen y debajo de la cola son de color blanco. Su pecho está moteado de gris y gris oscuro. La parte superior del abdomen es un color marrón rojizo menos sostenido que en el masculino.

Los jóvenes se parecen a la hembra.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

dissimilis
Taxones descritos por Edward Blyth
Animales descritos en 1847

Turdus dissimilis


Katerina Tikhonova (nascida Yekaterina Vladimirovna Putina, Екатерина Владимировна Путина; nascida em 31 de agosto de 1986)  é uma cientista russa, empresária e ex-dançarina acrobática. Ela é a segunda filha do presidente russo Vladimir Putin.

Tikhonova lidera a empresa Innopraktika, que une duas iniciativas da Universidade Estadual de Moscou: a Fundação Nacional de Desenvolvimento Intelectual (NIDF) e o Centro Nacional de Reserva Intelectual (NIRC). Ela também é vice-diretora do Instituto de Pesquisa Matemática de Sistemas Complexos da Universidade Estadual de Moscou.

Juventude

Tikhonova nasceu em Dresden, Alemanha Oriental, a mais nova das duas filhas de Vladimir Putin e Lyudmila Putina (nascida Shkrebneva). A família mudou-se para Leningrado (agora São Petersburgo) na primavera de 1991. Ela participou do Peterschule (), um ginásio alemão em São Petersburgo. Mais tarde, durante as violentas guerras de gangues envolvendo a Gangue Tambov enquanto tomava o controle do comércio de energia de São Petersburgo, ela e sua irmã Maria foram enviadas por seu pai, que temia por sua segurança, para a Alemanha, onde seu guardião legal era o ex-Stasi Matthias Warnig, que havia trabalhado com seu pai em Dresden como parte de uma célula da KGB e estabeleceu a filial do Dresdner Bank em São Petersburgo.  Depois que sua família se mudou para Moscou, ela frequentou a Escola Alemã de Moscou. Ela abandonou o sobrenome Putin e adotou o nome patronímico de sua avó materna, Yekaterina Tikhonovna Shkrebneva, como seu sobrenome.

Estudos e carreira
Depois de fazer os exames de admissão junto com sua irmã Maria em julho de 2005, Tikhonova começou seus estudos universitários na Universidade Estadual de São Petersburgo, onde sua reitora Lyudmila Verbitskaya era amiga íntima de seu pai. Embora ela estivesse muito interessada em estudos chineses, ela estudou história japonesa, com especialização em estudos asiáticos com o reitor da universidade, Yevgeny Zelenev; ela se formou em junho de 2009. Ela tem um mestrado em física e matemática.

Tikhonova é diretora do Innopraktika, um projeto de desenvolvimento de US$ 1,7 bilhão para criar um centro de ciências na Universidade Estadual de Moscou. Innopraktika está competindo com o Centro de Inovação Skolkovo e é referido por Stanislav Belkovsky como sendo o "anti-Skolkovo". Em fevereiro de 2020, Innopraktika anunciou que Tikhonova foi nomeada chefe de um novo instituto de inteligência artificial na Universidade Estadual de Moscou.

Em dezembro de 2019, Tikhonova tornou-se membro do Conselho para o Desenvolvimento da Cultura Física e Esportes de Massa sob o governo da Federação Russa.

Dança acrobática
Em meados da década de 2010, Tikhonova gostava de rock'n'roll acrobático – um esporte raro e não olímpico, na classificação mundial do qual existem apenas cerca de duzentas pessoas. Ela e seu parceiro Ivan Klimov ficaram em quinto lugar em um evento do campeonato mundial de 2013 na Suíça.

Sanções
Em 6 de abril de 2022, em razão da invasão russa da Ucrânia, Tikhonova foi sancionada pelo Departamento do Tesouro dos Estados Unidos por ser filha adulta de Vladimir Putin. O Departamento do Tesouro dos Estados Unidos declarou: "Tikhonova é uma executiva de tecnologia cujo trabalho apoia o [Governo da Federação Russa] e a indústria de defesa".

Vida pessoal
Em 2013, Tikhonova casou-se com o empresário Kirill Shamalov, filho de Nikolay Shamalov, co-proprietário do Rossiya Bank. Ele é vice-presidente da Sibur Holding, que é uma empresa russa de processamento de gás e petroquímica com sede em Moscou. O governo russo detém 38% das ações da empresa de gás. Na época, estimava-se que o casal detinha ativos no valor de cerca de US$ 2 bilhões. Em janeiro de 2018, a Bloomberg News informou que Tikhonova e Shamalov haviam se separado.

Referências

Alemães de ascendência russa
Alunos da Universidade Estatal de Moscou
Bilionários da Rússia
Professores da Universidade Estatal de Moscou
Família de Vladimir Putin
Pessoas vivas
Nascidos em 1986

Katerina Tikhonova


Anna Guðrún Jónasdóttir (nascida em 2 de dezembro de 1942) é uma cientista política islandesa e pesquisadora de estudos de gênero. Ela é professora emérita do Centro de Estudos Sociais Feministas da Universidade de Örebro e codiretora do GEXcel International Collegium for Advanced Transdisciplinar Gender Studies, estabelecido como um centro de excelência em estudos de gênero em 2006.  Ela é autora e editora de vários livros.  Anna Jónasdóttir é conhecida, por exemplo, por sua teoria do "poder do amor". Seu livro Why Women Are Oppressed  foi descrito como uma "tentativa completa de revitalizar um dos primeiros temas mais provocativos do movimento de libertação das mulheres da América" pelo The New York Times Book Review . Ela "explora o conceito de interesses das mulheres na teoria política democrática participativa".

Ela tem formação em ciência política, sociologia, história econômica e psicologia, com doutorado em ciência política pela Universidade de Gotemburgo (1991). Sua dissertação foi intitulada Love Power and Political Interests. Suas principais áreas de pesquisa são a teoria social e política .

Livros selecionados

  Publicado em espanhol sob o título

  Pdf version.

Literatura

Referências

Alunos da Universidade de Gotemburgo
Pessoas vivas
Filósofos do século XXI
Nascidos em 1942
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

Anna G. Jónasdóttir


Rodna kuća Ljudevita Gaja je višeslojni objekt u gradu Krapini zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Rodna kuća Ljudevita Gaja u Krapini predstavlja tipični primjer građanske stambene kuće s kraja 18. st. Kuća je prizemnica s podrumom, tlocrtno građena u ključ. Podrumski te djelomično prizemni dio nadsveden je bačvastim svodom sa susvodnicama, češkim svodom i pruskim svodom na traverzama, dok ostatak prizemnih prostorija ima ravni strop. Pročelja su jednostavno oblikovana, glatko ožbukana, sa središnjim plitkim rizalitom na uličnom pročelju, te soklom, istaknutim prozorskim klupčicama i holkelom kao horizontalnim elementima raščlambe. U kući je od 1966. godine smješten Muzej Ljudevita Gaja.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-4904 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "profana graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene stambene građevine u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji

Rodna kuća Ljudevita Gaja


أغسطس هنري فريتزروي  يعرف أيضاً بلقب دوق غرافتون الثالث  سياسي بريطاني (28 سبتمبر 1735-14 مارس 1811). تولى رئاسة الوزراء في بريطانيا من 14 أكتوبر 1768 إلى 28 يناير 1770.

هو سليل تشارلز الثاني ملك إنجلترا واسكتلندا من خط غير شرعي.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

توحيديون مسيحيون إنجليز
خريجو بترهووس (جامعة كامبريدج)
دوقات غرافتون
رؤساء حكومات في القرن 18
رؤساء مجلس اللوردات
رؤساء وزراء بريطانيا العظمى
عائلة فيتزروي
فرسان الرباط
مستشارو جامعة كامبريج
مسؤولون بريطانيون في الثورة الأمريكية
مواليد 1735
وفيات 1811

أغسطس فيتزروي


Øje-blink er en kortfilm instrueret af Kaspar Munk efter eget manuskript.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2003

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Øje-blink


Johannes Aigner, né le  à Gloggnitz, est un skieur handisport autrichien malvoyant (catégorie B2).

Biographie
Il appartient à une fratrie de cinq frères et sœurs, qui ont tous été impliqués dans le ski : Johannes, sa sœur jumelle Barbara et sa sœur Veronika ont des déficiences visuelles, comme leur mère Petra. Les sœurs aînées Elisabeth et Irmgard n'ont pas de déficience visuelle et ont toutes deux servi de guide à Veronika.

Aigner a fait ses débuts à 16 ans aux Championnats du monde de sports para-neige en 2022 à Lillehammer où il remporte avec son guide Matteo Fleischmann les médailles d'or en slalom et en épreuve parallèle, et deux médailles d'argent en super-g et en slalom géant.

Aigner participe en mars aux Jeux paralympiques d'hiver de 2022 et remporte des médailles d'or en descente et en slalom géant, une médaille d'argent en super combiné et une médaille de bronze en Super-G.

Palmarès

Jeux paralympiques

Notes et références

Liens externes

Skieur alpin handisport autrichien
Champion paralympique de ski alpin
Champion paralympique autrichien
Médaillé d'argent paralympique autrichien
Skieur alpin aux Jeux paralympiques d'hiver de 2022
Naissance en avril 2005
Jumeaux

Johannes Aigner


La Copa Melanesia 1998 fue la sexta edición del torneo que englobaba a los equipos de dicha región geográfica de Oceanía. Se disputó en Vanuatu entre el 5 y el 12 de septiembre.

 se proclamó campeón por cuarta vez y clasificó junto con , subcampeón a la Copa de las Naciones de la OFC.

Clasificación

Resultados

Enlaces externos
RSSSF

1998
Fútbol en 1998
Vanuatu en 1998

Copa Melanesia 1998


"Romanisme" este al treilea album lansat in 2009 de Puya. Invitati pe album sunt: George Hora, Cedry2k, Cabron, Yoni, Karie, Sisu, Lora si Lemonia.

Tracklist

1. Intro

2. Vocooderu' lu' George

3. Undeva în Balcani feat George Hora

4. Aaaa!!! (nu vezi nimic) feat Cedry2k

5. Sus pe bar

6. Luni, marți, miercuri…

7. Merită un Oscar feat Cabron si Yoni

8. Îmbrăcat la 4 ace feat Cabron si Karie

9. Ohh, feat Yolo

10. Ce bine e sa fii pește feat Sisu si Cabron

11. Puștoaica feat Lora

12. N-am bani de la tata feat Lemonia

13. Yeu, yeu, yeu feat Cedry2k

Note
http://www.hiphopdinromania.org/2010/05/puya-romanisme-partea-i-2009.html

Românisme - Partea I


La Ruta Estatal de California 155, y abreviada SR 155 (en inglés: California State Route 155) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de California. La carretera inicia en el Oeste desde la  hacia el Este en la . La carretera tiene una longitud de 120,4 km (74.79 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta Estatal de California 155 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de California por sus siglas en inglés Caltrans.

Cruces
Toda la ruta se encuentra ubicado dentro del condado de Kern.
{| class=wikitable
!Localidad
!Miliario
!Destinos
!Notas
|-
|rowspan=2|Delano
|0.00
|
|Interchange
|-
|0.39
|Garces Highway
|
|-
|
|R6.55
|Famoso-Porterville Highway – Richgrove, Famoso
|
|-
|
|R10.99
|
|
|-
|Woody
|30.31
|Woody Road – Bakersfield
|Antigua SR 155 Oeste
|-
|Wofford Heights
|60.64
|Wofford Boulevard – Kernville
|
|-
|rowspan=2|Lake Isabella
|R70.99
|
|Interchange
|-
|R70.99
|Kernville Road
|Continución más allá de la SR 178

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de Caltrans

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de California

Ruta Estatal de California 155


Samuel W. "Sam" Roper () a fost un ofițer de poliție de origine americană care a devenit cunoscut datorită funcției sale de Imperial Wizard al organizației Ku Klux Klan.

Biografie
Înainte să devină membru KKK, Roper a fost ofițer de poliție în Atlanta, Georgia și director în Biroul de Investigații din Georgia. Acesta și-a părăsit locul de muncă în 1949 și l-a succedat pe Samuel Green în funcția de Imperial Wizard al Ku Klux Klan, poziție pe care a ocupat-o până în 1950. Succesorul său a fost Eldon Edwards.

Roper s-a mutat în Florida în 1972 și s-a stabilit în Chiefland, localitate în care a locuit până la moartea sa.

A încetat din viață ca urmare a unei insuficiențe renale în Veterans Administration Hospital în Gainesville, Florida, pe 1 martie 1986.

Referințe

Legături externe
 Wall of Wizards

Nașteri în 1895
Decese în 1986
Ku Klux Klan
Activiști americani
Membri Ku Klux Klan

Samuel Roper


Olaylar

Doğumlar

Ölümler
 1 Ağustos - VI. Louis, Fransa kralı (d. 1081)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 III. Lothar - Kutsal Roma İmparatoru (d. 1075)
 Nikiforos Bryennios, Bizanslı general, devlet adamı ve tarihçi (d. 1062)

1137


كلية طب الأسنان بالمنستير هي إحدى الكليات التابعة لجامعة المنستير، وقد أنشئت عام 1975 تحت تسمية كلية طب الأسنان والصيدلة بالمنستير، وذلك بمقتضى القانون عدد 75-71 المؤرخ في 14 نوفمبر  1975،. وهي الكلية الوحيدة لطب الأسنان بالبلاد التونسية. تقع الكلية تحت الإشراف المزدوج لوزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي ووزارة الصحة.

توجد الكلية في شارع ابن سينا بالمنستير، ولها مصحة استشفائية جامعية في طب الأسنان خاصة بها.

أرقام

 طبقا لإحصائيات 2017-2018 يدرس بكلية طب الأسنان بالمنستير 1516 طالبا.
 تعد الكلية 141 أستاذا جامعيا.
 تحتوى علي أكثر من 11 وحدة بحث.

البنيات الأساسية
تغطي الكلية مساحة 5000 متر مربع تقريبًا وتشترك في الحرم الجامعي مع كلية الصيدلة.

المدرجات الجامعية والفضاءات الأخرى

 ثلاث مدرجات للمحاضرات ؛
 قاعة جامعية للمؤتمرات ؛
 مكتبة ؛
 قاعتان للنفوذ إلى الإنترنت ؛
 منطقة ثقافية وترفيهية ؛

مختبرات التدريس

 ثمانية مختبرات تدريس:
 علم التشريح ؛
 علم الانسجة ؛
 البيولوجيا الجزيئية والخلوية ؛
 علوم الكمبيوتر ؛
 علم وظائف الأعضاء ؛
 الكيمياء ؛
 الكيمياء الحيوية ؛
 علم الاحياء المجهري ؛
 تسعة قاعات أشغال تطبيقية:
 التركيبات الثابتة ؛
 التركيبات الجزئية القابلة للفك ؛
 التركيبات الكاملة القابلة للفك ؛
 علاج الأسنان التحفظي وعلاج العصب ؛
 التشريح العام ؛
 تشريح الأسنان ؛
 المواد الحيوية ؛
 الكيمياء ؛
 الكيمياء الحيوية ؛

المستشفيات والأقسام المرتبطة بالكلية
من أجل توفير تدريب شامل ومتكامل للأطباء الداخليين والمقيمين والطلاب في الدرجات الرابعة والخامسة، يتوجب عليهم الحصول على تدريب طبي سريري يومي خلال مسيرتهم في المراكز الإستشفائية الجامعية التالية:

 المصحة الإستشفائية الجامعية لطب الأسنان بالمنستير التابعة للكلية والتي تحتوي ثمانية أقسام أساسية:
 التركيبات الثابتة
 التركيبات الجزئية القابلة للفك
 التركيبات الكاملة القابلة للفك
 تقويم الأسنان الوقائي والاعتراضي
 أمراض الفم و اللثة
 علاج الأسنان التحفظي وعلاج العصب
 طب أسنان الأطفال والوقاية
 طب وجراحة الفم
 المستشفى الجامعي فرحات حشاد بسوسة
 المستشفى الجامعي سهلول بسوسة
 المستشفى الجامعي الرابطة بتونس
 المستشفى الجامعي شارل نيكول بتونس
 المستشفى العسكري الأصلي للتعليم بتونس
 المستشفى الجامعي فطومة بورقيبة بالمنستير
 المستشفى الجامعي الطاهر صفر بالمهدية

التكوين الجامعي
تسند الكلية الشهادة الوطنية لدكتور في طب الأسنان وتوفر شهائد الماجستير ودكتوراه الاختصاص.

يستمر نظام الدراسات الطبية للحصول على الشهادة الوطنية لطب الأسنان لمدة ست سنوات: خمس سنوات من التدريب النظري والتطبيقي و سنة واحدة من التربص الداخلي. ينقسم إلى دورة أولى من سنتين، دورة ثانية من ثلاث سنوات مع تربص داخلي بعام واحد، ودراسة أطروحة.

ويتم تنظيم هذه الدراسات في صورة وحدات، محاضرات، دروس وعمل تطبيقي ومواضع سريرية. يتم تقييم الطلاب عن طريق الامتحانات التحريرية والشفوية والامتحانات العملية والموجهة والفحوص السريرية.

بعد المرحلة الأساسية من ست سنوات، يمكن للخريجين الالتحاق بالمناظرة الوطنية للإقامة (الاختصاص) لاختيار تخصص نظري أو تخصص سريري.

تتوفر دورة ثالثة من الدراسات المتخصصة في طب الأسنان للطلاب المتخرجين الذين يجتازون هاته المناظرة الوطنية. تنقسم هذه التخصصات إلى فئتين:

 التخصصات السريرية:
 التركيبات الثابتة
 التركيبات الجزئية القابلة للفك
 التركيبات الكاملة القابلة للفك
 تقويم الأسنان الوقائي والاعتراضي
 أمراض الفم و اللثة
 علاج الأسنان التحفظي وعلاج العصب
 طب أسنان الأطفال والوقاية
 طب وجراحة الفم
 الأشعة السينية في طب الأسنان
 التخصصات النظرية الأساسية:
 علم التشريح
 علم تشريح الأسنان
 طب الاسنان الشرعي
  المواد الحيوية
 علم الجراثيم والفيروسات والمناعة
 علم الأنسجة - علم الأجنة
 علم وظائف الأعضاء
 علم الصيدلة في طب الأسنان
 الفيزياء الحيوية في طب الأسنان

كما تقدم الجامعة شهادات الدراسة الإضافية والتدريب بعد التخرج.

علاقات خارجية
ربطت كلية طب الأسنان علاقات تعاون وشراكة مع العديد من كليات طب الأسنان الأجنبية. وهي متوأمة مع كليتي جراحة الأسنان باريس 7، ومرسيليا بفرنسا وكلية جراحة الأسنان بمونستر (Münster) بألمانيا. كما ترتبط باتفاقيات تعاون مع كل من كليات جراحة الأسنان باريس 5، ومونبليي، وبوردو، وليون، وجامعة القديس يوسف ببيروت وجامعة سبها بالجماهيرية العربية الليبية.

مكتبة الكلية
يبلغ رصيد مكتبة كلية طب الأسنان بالمنستير 1390 عنوانا، و50 مجلة بالإضافة إلى 2262 أطروحة دكتوراه في طب الأسنان. وأكثر من مائة أطروحة على قرص مضغوط. هذا وتحتوي قاعدة بيانات المكتبة على حوالي 10 آلاف مقال علمي.

وصلات خارجية
 موقع كلية طب الأسنان بالمنستير.

مراجع

جامعات وكليات أسست في 1975
جامعات أسست في عقد 1970
جامعات تونس
جامعة المنستير
كليات طب أسنان

كلية طب الأسنان بالمنستير


Željko Pahek (født 1954, Županja, Kroatien, Jugoslavien) er en kendt serbisk og kroatisk tegneserietegner.

Paheks vigtigste serier er "La Légion des imperméables" ("The Legion Of The Waterproof"), "Moby Dick" og "Error data (Chronicles by a Burnt Out Robot)".

Bibliografi
 Albums og tegneserien
 Astro-iđani, Jugoslavien /Serbien/, 1981-1983. (Albums serbisk 1986, 2007. og 2009.)
 Legija nepromočivih, Jugoslavien /Serbien/, 1985— (Albums serbisk 1997. og 2010. Alias "La Légion des Imperméables", Frankrig, 2016; og "The Legion Of The Waterproof", Heavy Metal Magazine, USA)
 Once upon a time in the future, USA, 1991.
 Depilacija mozga, Jugoslavien /Serbien/, 1997.
 Badi kukavica i druge priče, Jugoslavien /Serbien/, 2001.
 Moby Dick 1-2, tegneserieforfattere Jean-Pierre Pécau, Frankrig, 2005.
 Avili! Avili!, Serbien, 2012.
 1300 kadrova, Bosnien-Hercegovina, 2014.
 Error Data (Chronicles by a Burnt Out Robot), Storbritannien, 2016.

 Antologis
 Der var engang en mur - Tegneserier om Østeuropa i forandring, 1990. (alias: Durch Bruch Tyskland; Breakthrough, Après le mur, Falomlás, Der var engang en mur, Murros: Rautaesirippu repeää...)
 15 Years of Heavy Metal: The World's Foremost Illustrated Fantasy Magazine, USA, 1992.
 Signed by War — Getekend door de oorlog ("Potpisano ratom"), Holland, 1994.
 20 Years of Heavy Metal, USA, 1997.
 Heavy Metal Magazine: 35th anniversary issue", USA, 2012.
 Balkan Comics Connections: Comics from the ex-YU Countries, Storbritannien, 2013.
 Odbrana utopije, Serbien, 2014.
 Sarajevski atentat, Bosnien-Hercegovina, 2016.

Colorist
 "Jeremiah" (Hermann Huppen)
 "Les Tours de Bois-Maury" (Hermann)

Illustrator
Robert Heinlein, Philip K. Dick, Arthur C. Clarke, Douglas Adams, Terry Pratchett, Tim Powers and Slobodan Škerović...

 Litteratur / kilder

 Ivkov, Slobodan. 60 godina domaćeg stripa u Srbiji (1935—1995), leksikon-katalog, Galerija "Likovni susret", Subotica, 1995. E-edition: Projekat Rastko (Serbisk)
 Tamburić Živojin, Zdravko Zupan, Zoran Stefanović & Paul Gravett. The Comics We Loved: Selection of 20th Century Comics and Creators from the Region of Former Yugoslavia (a critical lexicon), "Omnibus", Beograd, 2011.  (Serbisk)
 Tucakov, Anica. Strip u Srbiji 1975-1995'', Zadužbina "Andrejević", Beograd, 2000. (Serbisk)

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

 Željko Pahek at Lambiek Comiclopedia
 Željko Pahek sur la Bédéthèque
 Pahek, a bio, Modesty Comics, London
 Gravett, Paul. "Comics Culture in Yugoslavia: World-Class Innovators & Remarkable Visionaries", 2011.
 Pahek - Robeo and Ruliette, Short story, 10 pages
 Pahek, Catawiki.dk

Tegneserietegnere
Tegneserieforfattere
Personer fra Kroatien
Personer fra Serbien
Kunstnere fra Serbien

Željko Pahek


Leigh Eddings (30 September 1937 – 28 February 2007; née Judith Leigh Schall), was the wife of David Eddings and co-author of many of his later works and uncredited co-author of his early works, and married him 27 October 1962.

Biography
Born Judith Leigh Schall in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, she met Eddings in Seattle. According to her husband she was part Choctaw.

She had been in the Air Force and had been described by her husband as a world-class cook, a highly skilled fisherwoman and an excellent markswoman.

Leigh married David Eddings in 1962, and adopted one boy in 1966, Scott David. They adopted a younger girl between 1966 and 1969. In 1969 they lost custody of both children and each were sentenced to a year in jail from separate trials after pleading guilty to child abuse.  Though the nature of the abuse, the trial and the sentencing were all extensively reported in South Dakota newspapers at the time, these details of the Eddings' life never resurfaced during their later successful joint career as fantasy authors, only reappearing several years after both had died.

After both served their sentences, David and Leigh Eddings moved to Denver in 1971, where David found work in a grocery store.

She co-authored High Hunt (1973) with David, and all of David's subsequent books, but was not credited as a co-author until the publication of Belgarath the Sorcerer in 1995. It was Lester del Rey who believed that multi-authorships were a problem and that it would be better if David Edding's name alone appeared on the books.

Suffering a series of strokes, Leigh died 28 February 2007 in Carson City, Nevada.

References

External links
 Interview with Mr. and Mrs. Eddings at sffworld.com

American fantasy writers
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
American women novelists
1931 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American people who self-identify as being of Choctaw descent
People from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
21st-century American novelists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
Novelists from Pennsylvania

Leigh Eddings


منظمة ثنائيي الجنس العالمية  اختصارا (OII) منظمة حقوقية، غير ربحية أو حكومية. اُسست سنة 2003 برئاسة كيرتيس هينكل ويقع مقرها في مقاطعة كويبيك الكندية، تجمع نخبة مختصين ومعنيين بحقوق ثنائيي الجنس.

هي منظمة مكرّسة لإحداث تغيير في النظام لوضع حد للخوف ووصمة العار التي يعاني منها الأطفال والكبار على حد سواء نتيجة الممارسات التطبيعية التعسفية تجاه الأشخاص الذين ولدوا بأجساد غير نمطية، ونتيجة الفرض القسري للهوية الجنسية دون علم وموافقة الشخص المعني بالأمر.
كما ترفض المنظمة أي تصنيف مرضي لثنائية الجنس مثل اختلال في النمو الجنسي وتسعى للدفاع عن حقوق ثنائيي الجنس عبر مساعدة الناس على فهم أن ليس هناك جنسين نمطيين فقط، بل يوجد تشكيلات مختلفة على صعيد الجنس والجندر.

تسلّم منظمة ثنائيي الجنس العالمية بأن الهوية الجنسية الحقيقية للفرد تتحدد من خلال خبرته الشخصية بذاته وغيرها من العوامل النفسية، وأن أي فرض قسري للهوية الجنسية دون علم وموافقة من قبل الطفل المعنيّ بالأمر يعد انتهاكا أساسيا لحقوق الإنسان.

مصادر

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي Organisation Intersex International
 الموقع العربي منظمة ثنائيي الجنس العالمية

ازدواجية الجنس
دراسات جنسية
منظمات حقوق الإنسان الدولية

منظمة ثنائيي الجنس العالمية


Pocky & Rocky —conocido en Japón como Kiki KaiKai: Nazo no Manto Kuro ( 奇々怪界~謎の黒マント) es un videojuego desarrollado y publicado por Natsume, con licencia de Taito, en Japón a finales de 1992, mientras que en otros países llegaría en 1993. Es la secuela del videojuego arcade «KiKi KaiKai» (lanzado de forma no oficial en Estados Unidos y Europa como «Knight Boy»). El juego sigue las aventuras de Pocky, ahora con su nuevo compañero, Rocky.

Historia

Ambientada en el Japón Feudal, en Pocky & Rocky el jugador asume el papel de una joven sacerdotisa quien, mientras cuidaba de su santuario, una noche recibe la visita de Rocky, un tanuki y miembro de un grupo de yōkai conocido como "Nopino Goblins", todos los cuales recientemente se habían vuelto locos por una fuerza desconocida. En conjunto, Pocky y Rocky deben viajar a través de varios niveles que consta de varios locales del antiguo Japón mientras luchan contra una serie de criaturas surgidas de la mitología japonesa, incluyendo kappas, obake y Yurei. Finalmente, deben romper la fortaleza del misterioro Manto Negro (en adelante denominado "Goblins Gorgonzola") que ha estado utilizando a estos monstruos para hacer cumplir sus malas artes. Cualquiera que sea el carácter del jugador elegido antes de jugar, no habrá ninguna diferencia en el resultado final de la historia.

Música

La banda sonora musical para Pocky & Rocky fue compuesta por Hiroyuki Iwatsuki, un compositor interino de la compañía Natsume quien usó elementos de la música tradicional japonesa con sonidos y ritmo electrónicos. Al revés que con la banda sonora original de la máquina arcade, no se ha lanzado álbum alguno conteniendo la música de esta adaptación.

Premios

Pocky & Rocky fue galardonado como Mejor Juego Duo de 1993 por Electronic Gaming Monthly .

Pocky & Rocky 2

Pocky & Rocky 2 es un videojuego desarrollado y publicado por Natsume en Japón y América del Norte y publicado en regiones PAL por Ocean Software para la consola de videojuegos Super Nintendo o SNES. Es la secuela de Pocky & Rocky.

Modo de juego

La partida se juega en una vista cenital, de arriba hacia abajo, con muchos elementos de los clásicos 'Shoot Em Up', pero permitiendo al jugador o jugadores libertad de movimiento en las ocho direcciones. Un jugador controla al protagonista, Pocky, que ataca lanzando papiros "o-fuda" (conocido como "tarjetas" en versiones en Inglés). Pocky puede recoger objetos para mejorar su poder de ataque y ropa para protegerse de los daños, así como hacer deslizar al personaje del segundo jugador (Rocky) y hacer uso de su magia. El jugador 2 asume un papel de apoyo como uno de los amigos de Pocky de cada uno con un ataque único y vidas infinitas. Si no hay ningún jugador en segundo lugar, el carácter de apoyo es controlado por la CPU.

Pocky & Rocky with Becky

Pocky & Rocky con Becky es un videojuego desarrollado y publicado por Altron en Japón y publicado por Natsume en América del Norte para la Game Boy Advance. Es el tercer juego publicado bajo el título Pocky & Rocky.

Enlaces externos

 Pocky & Rocky en GameFAQs
 Hardcore Gaming 101: Saga de Pocky & Rocky
 IGN: Pocky & Rocky
 Bub y Bob: Kiki KaiKai / Pocky & Rocky
 Pocky & Rocky en MobyGames
 Pocky & Rocky with Becky en Altron
 Pocky & Rocky with Becky en Natsume

Videojuegos para Super Nintendo
Videojuegos de Taito
Videojuegos de Natsume
Videojuegos de 1992
Japoneses ficticios
Mapaches ficticios
Videojuegos con protagonistas femeninas

ja:奇々怪界-月夜草子

Pocky & Rocky


Kaouther Adimi, (1986, Argel) é escritora, e pós-graduada em literatura moderna e gestão de recursos humanos. Desde de 2009 ela reside em Paris.

Vida
Kaouther Adimi nasceu em Argel, Argélia, em 1986. Dos quatro aos oito anos de idade morou com a família em Grenoble, na França. Nesse período, descobriu o prazer da leitura frequentando a biblioteca pública com o pai.

Em 1994 ela voltou para a Argélia, num momento que o terrorismo assolava o país. Tendo pouquíssimas oportunidades de ler, ela começou a escrever suas próprias histórias.

Enquanto estudava na Universidade de Argel, Adimi participou do concurso de redação organizado pelo Instituto Francês para jovens escritores em Muret (Haute-Garonne). O conto que apresentou chamou a atenção do júri, que o publicou em uma coletânea ao lado das produções dos outros laureados. A partir desta publicação ela iniciou sua carreira.

Adimi obteve licenciatura em literatura moderna e gestão de recursos humanos.

Em 2009 escreveu seu primeiro romance L'envers des autres. No mesmo ano mudou de Argel para Paris.

Obras

 Le Chuchotement des anges, seu primeiro conto, publicado na coletânea de contos Ner rien faire et autres nouvelles, edições Buchet/Chastel, março de 2007.
 L'Envers des autres Arles, França]: Actes sud, 2011. ,
 Des pierres dans ma poche, Paris: Éditions du Seuil, DL 2016. ,
 Le Sixième Œuf, nouvelle sombre, in Alger, la nuit, edições Barzakh, 2011
 Nos richesses, éditions du Seuil, 2017. ,
 Les petits de Décembre, Éditions du Seuil, 2019.
 Au vent mauvais, roman, Éditions du Seuil, 2022.

Prêmios e reconhecimento

 2011, Prêmio littéraire de la Vocation, por L'Envers des Autres
 2015, Prêmio du roman de la fondation France-Algérie
 2008, Prêmio du FELIV (Festival internacional de la littérature et du livre de jeunesse d'Alger)
 2008, Prêmio du jeune écrivain de langue française, para Pied de vierge
 2017, Prêmio Renaudot des lycéens para Nos richesses
 2017, Prêmio du Style para Nos richesses
 2018, Prêmio Beur FM Méditerranée para Nos richesses
 2018, Choix Goncourt de l'Italie 2018 para Nos richesses .
 2018, Menção especial Prêmio littéraire Giuseppe Primoli por Nos richesses .
 2020, Prêmio du roman métis des lycéens para Les Petits de décembre

Referências

Pessoas vivas
Nascidos em 1986
!Artigos com texto importado Creative Commons Atribuição-Compartilhamento pela mesma licença 3.0

Kaouther Adimi


Krýsuvíkureldar var tímabil eldvirkni í sprungusveim sem kennt er við Krýsuvík á Reykjanesskaga. Eldarnir hófust um miðja 12. öld, líklega árið 1151 og benda ritaðar heimildir til þess að þeim hafi lokið árið 1188. Hraun sem runnu í Krýsuvíkureldum eru Ögmundarhraun, Mávahlíðahraun og Kapelluhraun.

Tenglar
Yfirlit um síðasta gosskeið á Reykjanesskaga – 800-1240 e.Kr - Isor.is
KRÝSUVÍKURELDAR I – ALDUR ÖGMUNDARHRAUNS OG MIÐALDALAGSINS - Ferlir.is
50 km löng sprungurein teygir sig frá Krýsuvík - Mbl.is
- Reykjanes - Eldey.is

Eldgos á Íslandi
Reykjanesskagi
12. öldin

Krýsuvíkureldar


Skúrkur, illmenni eða varmenni er staðalpersóna í skáldskap sem er andstæða hetjunnar. Skúrkurinn fremur glæpi og illvirki og verður þannig andstæðingur hetjunnar sem þarf að sigrast á honum með hugrekki, ná þannig réttlæti og endurheimta jafnvægi í sögunni. Hlutverk skúrksins er að hindra hetjuna, til dæmis með blekkingum, ofríki eða svikum. Dæmigerðir eiginleikar skúrka eru sjálfselska, ókurteisi, heimska, grimmd, slægð og siðleysi. Oft er persóna skúrksins í skáldskap margræð þannig að skilin milli góðs og ills verða óskýr, og ástæður athafna skúrksins geta verið siðferðilega réttar, þótt útkoman sé vafasöm. Margir skúrkar hafa orðið að ástsælustu persónum bókmenntasögunnar. Dæmi um staðalpersónur skúrksins eru illi snillingurinn, brjálaði vísindamaðurinn, spillti aðalsmaðurinn, tálkvendið, vonda stjúpan, nornin og skrímslið. Meðal þekktra skúrka bókmenntasögunnar má nefna Salóme, Morgan le Fay, Mefistófeles, Dr. Frankenstein, Dr. Moreau, Bláskegg, Lex Luthor, Dr. Blofeld og Voldemort.

Staðalpersónur

Skúrkur


بلدية نافالبيرال دي بيناريس (بالإسبانية: Navalperal de Pinares) هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة آبلة التابعة لمنطقة قشتالة وليون وسط إسبانيا.

الديموغرافيا
بلغ عدد سكان بلدية نافالبيرال دي بيناريس 1.066 نسمة عام 2011 (وفقاً للمعهد الوطني للإحصاء الإسباني).

مراجع

مصادر
  الموقع الرسمي لبلدية نافالبيرال دي بيناريس

أماكن مأهولة في آبلة
بلديات آبلة

نافالبيرال دي بيناريس


Figuranții este un film românesc din 1987 regizat de Malvina Urșianu. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Mariana Buruiană, Gina Patrichi și Gheorghe Dinică.

Rezumat

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

 Mariana Buruiană — Leonora Bengescu, fiica vitregă a Zazei, studentă la Conservator
 Gina Patrichi — boieroaica văduvă Zaza Bengescu, fostă artistă
 Gheorghe Dinică — majordomul Matei, servitor al familiei Bengescu
 George Constantin — moșierul Costi Bengescu, cumnatul Zazei
 Stela Popescu — fosta artistă Zaraza Lopez, prietena Zazei
 Daniel Tomescu — Victor, tânărul electrician cu patru clase la bază
 Valeriu Paraschiv — Iustin Bostaca, secretar de partid (menționat Val Paraschiv)
 Maria Rotaru — soția lui Costi
 Emilia Dobrin — cumnata Zazei și a lui Costi, văduva fratelui mai mic al lui Costi (menționară Emilia Dobrin Besoiu)
 Sanda Toma — Ecaterina (Cati) Staicovici, cosmeticiană văduvă care face trafic de aur și ijuterii
 Gilda Marinescu — doamna cu evantai de la filmări
 Simona Bondoc — soția profesorului universitar, mătușa Leonorei
 Ioana Ciomîrtan — soția diplomatului Grigore Șerban
 Wilhelmina Câta
 Anda Caropol — membră a comisiei de selecție a distribuției filmului
 Corneliu Revent — tov. Colea, șeful serviciului de cadre al Conservatorului
 Geo Saizescu — Teodor "Bobby" Davidescu, fiul boieroaicei Davidescu
 Eusebiu Ștefănescu — regizorul filmului
 Viorel Comănici — Petre, asistentul de regie
 Ion Niciu — generalul Toma, unchiul ramolit al Leonorei
 Teodor Danetti — Grigore Șerban, unchiul Leonorei, fost diplomat (menționat Theodor Danetti)
 Jean Lorin Florescu — majordomul Jean, valetul fostului diplomat
 Constantin Bărbulescu — George ("Jorj"), rudă a familiei Bengescu
 Dan Mizrahy — pianistul
 Ștefan Hagimă
 Andrei Ionescu
 Zephi Alșec — dl. Edi, prieten vechi al Zazei
 Ion Roxin — Flo, moșierul grizonat
 Nicolae Ivănescu
 Nicolae Praida — președintele Cooperativei Avîntul, Secția Pungi
 Elizeu Simulescu
 Lucia Mureșan — boieroaică blondă, rudă a familiei Bengescu
 Julieta Strâmbeanu — doamna Bratu, proprietara locuinței închiriate de Zaza (menționată Julietta Strîmbeanu Weigel)
 Migri Avram Nicolau
 Valeria Rădulescu — soprana
 Dana Felicia Simion — fetița Leonora Bengescu, fiica vitregă a Zazei (nemenționată)
 Andrei Finți — maiorul german Willi Schmidt (nemenționat)
 George Alexandru — student la Conservator, figurant (nemenționat)
 Oana Ștefănescu (nemenționată)
 Valentin Teodosiu — activist comunist cu probleme culturale (nemenționat)
 Gheorghe Șimonca — fost moșier, figurant deghizat în turc (nemenționat)
 Florin Tănase — activist comunist, asistent al secretarului de partid (nemenționat)
 Mihai Gruia Sandu — funcționar la Teatrul Muncitoresc (nemenționat)

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 1.318.687 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1987 în film

Filme din 1987
Filme regizate de Malvina Urșianu
Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme dramatice românești

Figuranții


An Schoenoxiphium distinctum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ilkka Toivo Kalervo Kukkonen. An Schoenoxiphium distinctum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Schoenoxiphium, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Schoenoxiphium

Schoenoxiphium distinctum


Aika may refer to:

Arts and media
 Aika (album), a 1996 album by Finnish singer-songwriter Aki Sirkesalo
Agent Aika, a 1997 anime OVA produced by Bandai Visual and Studio Fantasia
AIKA Online, an MMORPG
Aikakone or Aika, a Finnish musical group
Aika, a character from the video game Skies of Arcadia
Aika, a 1984 Indian short film directed by Gulzar (lyricist)
 "Aika", a song from the album Unified by Super8 & Tab

People
Aika (singer), Japanese singer/songwriter
, Japanese gravure idol and professional wrestler
Aika Hakoyama (born 1991), Japanese synchronized swimmer
Aika Kobayashi (born 1993), Japanese singer and voice actress
, is a former member of the Japanese idol group HKT48
, is a Japanese singer
, is a Japanese YouTuber and singer
, is a Japanese singer and songwriter

Other uses
Aika, an ancient name of Troia (FG), Italy

Japanese feminine given names
Feminine given names

Aika


Robert Spies (* 7. Mai 1886 in Sankt Petersburg; † 17. September 1914 in Juvincourt, Frankreich) war ein deutscher Maler, Grafiker und Bildhauer.

Leben
Robert Spies war der Sohn des Kaufmanns Albert Spies (1859–1929) und der Enkel des Unternehmers Julius Robert Spies (1819–1897).
Er besuchte zunächst eine Schule in Sankt Petersburg. Ab 1899, nach dem Umzug nach Dresden, erhielt er fortsetzenden Schulunterricht an der Dreikönigsschule und am Vitzthumschen Gymnasium. Im Jahr 1905 begann er Studien in Weimar und Florenz und von 1907 bis 1908 studierte er an der Kunstakademie Dresden bei Johannes Raphael Wehle und Robert Sterl. Im Jahr 1910 unternahm er eine Studienreise nach München und in den Kaukasus mit dem Bildhauer Sascha Schneider. Ab 1911 war Spies freischaffend im Hause der Eltern in Dresden-Wachwitz tätig. Von 1911 bis 1914 folgten Studienreisen nach Tirol, Italien, Frankreich, Paris und Berlin. Weitere Studienreisen führten ihn 1912 bis 1913 nach Südfrankreich, Spanien und Nordafrika. Er schuf einige Kleinplastiken, symbolische Bilder und Linoleumschnitte.

Spies fiel im Ersten Weltkrieg in Frankreich. Er wurde auf dem Urnenhain Tolkewitz bestattet. Sein Grab schuf der Bildhauer Sascha Schneider.

Literatur
 Künstler am Dresdner Elbhang. Band II, 1. Auflage. Elbhang-Kurier-Verlag, Dresden 2007, ISBN 978-3-936240-09-2.

Einzelnachweise

Bildhauer (Dresden)
Bildhauer (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1886
Gestorben 1914
Mann

Robert Spies (Bildhauer)


بلدية تاراديل (بالكاتالانية: Taradell) هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برشلونة، والتي تقع في منطقة كاتالونيا، شرق إسبانياوتقع على سفح جبل مونستي

يبلغ عدد سكانها 5.864 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

أعلام
 خوان سيجارا

مراجع

بلديات في مقاطعة برشلونة

تاراديل


علم التراتيل  هي الدراسة العلمية للتراتيل الدينية، أو الترانيم من جوانبها المتعددة، مع التركيز بصفة خاصة على الكورال والأغاني الجماعية من حيث:
 دراسة الترانيم من حيث تاريخها وتصنيفها، وغير ذلك
 نظم الترانيم.
 الترانيم جماعية.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

تراث شعبي مسيحي
لاهوت مسيحي
موسيقى دينية
موسيقى كنسية

علم التراتيل


بوينغ 777 وتلقب أيضاً بـ ثلاث سبعات أو تربل سڤن هي طائرة ركاب نفاثة ذات بدن عريض من إنتاج بوينغ كومرشيل أيربلينز. الـ777 هي أكبر طائرة ثنائية المحرك، تستطيع حمل ما بين 283 إلى 368 راكب في ثلاث درجات تجارية، ويصل مداها إلى ما بين 5,235 و9،380 ميل بحري. تم طرح سلسلة طائرات الـ777 لأول مرة في عام 1989. تملأ الطائرة فجوة الحجم ما بين البوينغ 767 والبوينغ 747. دخلت الطائرة الخدمة في 7 يونيو 1995 مع خطوط يونايتد الجوية. تصنع الطائرة في مصنع بوينغ إفريت.

تعد الطائرة أول طائرة ركاب يتم تصميمها رقمياً بالكامل وتم تجميع الطائرة مسبقاً على الحاسب الآلي. يوجد هناك 6 طرازات مختلفة للطائرة. أول طراز للطائرة هو 777-200 والذي دخل الخدمة في 1995، أما الطراز الأطول 777-300 فدخل الخدمة في 1998. في عام 2000 تم إطلاق طائرتي من طراز ال-200 وال-300 "إي أر" ذات المدى الأطول. أطلق الطراز 777-200 "أل أر" في 15 فبراير 2005 تستطيع الطيران لمسافات أطول، وهذا الطراز تعد الطائرة التجارية ذات أطول مدى طيران في العالم. النوع الأخير هو ال777أف للشحن الجوي.

تعد الـ777-200إي أر أكثر الأنوع انتشاراً من بين طائرات عائلة البوينغ 777 حيث أن حتى شهر أبريل من عام 2009 تم تسليم 409 طائرة من مجموع 434 طلب لهذا الطراز. يصل مجموع طلبات طائرات الـ777 حتى أبريل 2009 إلى 1102 طائرة من قبل 56 جهة، وتم تسليم 741 طائرة.

التطوير

أدت رغبة من قبل شركات الطيران لتملك طائرة تسع لعدد ركاب ما بين حمولة البوينغ 767-300 وحمولة البوينغ 747-400 إلى بدء العمل على مشروع تطوير طائرة قد تنافس طائرتي إيرباص الإيه-330 والإيه-340 وطائرة مكدونل دوجلاس الأم دي-11 في عام 1986.
تم العمل أولاً على تعديل البوينغ 767 لتلبية هذا الفجوة، ولكن في أكتوبر من عام 1988 وبعد النظر في عدة أنواع من الـ767 أقترح فريق التصميم تصميم طائرة جديدة، حيث أن تكلفة تطوير طائرة حالية كانت أعلى مما كان الفريق يهدف إليه.

عملت شركة بوينغ مع عدة شركات طيران ومورديها أثناء التطوير، وذلك لتلبية طلب هذه الشركات وأيضاً لتسهيل عملية الإنتاج وكانت شركات الطيران تعمل مع بوينغ كشركاء في التطوير. إحدى التحديات التي واجهتها الشركة هو العمل مع مصنعي المحركات على تصميم طائرة تستطيع القيام بعمليات بمحركين بمدى موسع مع بداية دخول الطائرة في الخدمة، وتم توزيع هذه المسؤولية ما بين بوينغ والشركات الرائدة في العالم لصناعة محركات الطائرات وهي: برات آند ويتني، وجي إي أفياشون ورولز رويس بي إل سي.<div>

وفي 29 أكتوبر 1990 تم رفع الستار عن مشروع البوينغ 777. حصلت الطائرة على شهادات تصميم وتصنيع من وكالات الطيران في الولايات المتحدة وأوروبا في 19 أبريل 1995.

التصميم

تعد طائرة بوينغ 777 أكبر طائرة مدنية ذات بدن واسع بمحركين في العالم. وبدأت شركة بوينغ منذ البداية بمنظور جديد لتطوير الطائرة الـ777، وذلك من حيث المواد المستخدمة في صناعتها، والأنظمة، والهندسة، والصناعة وأيضاً مرونة تصميم قمرة القيادة. بالإضافة إلى ذاك صممت الطائرة بنظام الطيران بالسلك وقمرة قيادة زجاجية. أستخدمت مواد مركبة عند تصميم الطائرة، وبالأخص على أسطح الأجنحة، مما أدى إلى تخفيض وزن الطائرة بـ1،180 كغ. تم أيضاً استخدام الألومنيوم المتطور والذي ساعد في تخفيض وزن الطائرة بـ1،450 كغ إضافية. هذه المواد اللافلزية مستخدمة في بناء ما يقارب 10% من جسم الطائرة.

يبلغ باع الجناح 61 م، ومساحة الأجنحة تبلغ 430 متراً مربعاً. تم تصميم الأجنحة لسرعة طيران مثالي يبلغ 0.84 ماخ. أما زاوية انفراج الجناح إلى الأعلى فهي عالية وذلك لترك فرجة بين المحركات الكبيرة التي استخدمت والأرض. تم عرض خيار على شركات الطيران لطي 6.5م من أطراف الأجنحة أفقياً (مثل طائرات القوات البحرية) لكي تستطيع استخدام البوابات في بعض المطارات التي قد تكون مصممة لطائرات أصغر حجماً.

تتميز عدة هبوط الـ777 بأنها الأكبر وإطاراتها هي أكبر إطارات في تاريخ طائرات الركاب التجارية النفاثة. عدة الهبوط فيها تتكون من وحدتين أساسيتين خلفيتين ووحدة أمامية. لكلا الوحدتين الأساسيتين ست عجلات في وضع ترادفي. أما الوحدة الأمامية فلها عجلتان مترادفتان. تستطيع الوحدات الأساسية التحرك ثمان درجات لمساعدة لمساعدة الوحدة الأمامية في التوجيه.

الفئات

توجد هناك ست فئات للبوينغ 777. أول فئة للطائرة هي ال777-200 وتعتبر النموذج الأساسي لعائلة ال777، والتي دخلت الخدمة عام 1995. تم تطوير الفئة السابقة إلى ال777-200«إي أر» والتي تتمتع بمدى أطول من سابقتها والتي بدأت العمل مع شركات الطيران في عام 1997. بعدها تم إنتاج ال777-300 وهي أطول من الفئة السابقة ب10.5 متراً، هذه الفئة بدأت الخدمة في عام 1998. أيضا تم إضافة «إي أر» إلى ال777-300 في عام 2002 والتي تتميز بمدى أطول من ال777-300 الأساسية. مرة أخرى تم تطوير ال777-200 إلى فئة «أل أر» والتي تعد الطائرة التجارية ذات مدى الطيران الأطول في العالم، وأزيح الستار عنها في عام 2005.

في عام 2004 أعلنت بوينغ أنها ستنتج طائرة شحن من طراز ال777 وهي مبنية على ال777-200«أل أر»، وتعتبر أكبر طائرة شحن ذات محركين.

8-777 أكس
تعتبر البوينغ 777-8 أكس مشابهة للنموذج 777-300 إي أر من من حيث الطول ومن عدد المقاعد ب350 مقعد في 3 درجات، ويبلغ مداها 17.200 كلم وصممت لتنافس طائرة اإيرباص إيه 350-1000.

9-777 أكس

البوينغ 777-9 أكس ذات الجسم المطول والأطول من بين كل النماذج يصل عدد مقاعدها إلى 407 مقعد في 3 درجات، ويصل مداها إلى 15.200 كلم، وقد أعلنت بوينغ أنه لن يكون للطائرة منافس في السوق، ومن المتوقع أن يبدأ إنتاجها في 2017 وأن تدخل للخدمة في عام 2020.

الحوادث والأحداث

حتى ديسمبر 2008 لم تكن هناك أي وفيات لأي من ركاب أو طاقم طائرة من طراز بوينغ 777.
 في 5 سبتمبر 2005 تعرض أحد عمال الوقود في مطار دنفر الدولي لحروق أدت إلى وفاته أثناء عملية تزويد طائرة بوينغ 777 تابعة للخطوط الجوية البريطانية.
 في 17 يناير 2008 تم شطب أول طائرة بوينغ 777 بعد تعرض الخطوط الجوية البريطانية رحلة 38 لهبوط قوي إثر فقدان كل الدفع من محركاتها الإثنين رولز رويس ترنت 895. كانت الطائرة وهي من طراز "بوينغ 777-200 إي أر" في آخر لحظات رحلة من بكين إلى لندن، وهبطت الطائرة على بعد 300 متر من مدرج مطار لندن هيثرو 27أر ثم إنزلقت إلى عتبة المدرج. لم تكن هناك أي وفيات، ولكن كان هناك 13 إصابة. أثرت صدمة النزول على ضرر نظام العجلات، أطراف الأجنحة الداخلية والمحركان. يعتقد أن وجود الثلج في نظام الوقود أدى إلى تقييد تدفق الوقود إلى المحركات ما أدى إلى الحادث.
 في 26 نوفمبر 2008 تعرضت طائرة بوينغ 777-200 إي أر تستخدم محركات رولز رويس ترنت 895 تابعة لدلتا إير لاينز في رحلة من شانغهاي إلى أتلانتا إلى انخفاض في الدفع من إحدى المحركات من دون أوامر من الطيار على ارتفاع 39,000 قدم. استطاع الطاقم إعادة الدفع بعد النزول إلى 31,000 قدم وإتباع الإجراءات اللازمة.
 في السادس من يوليو، 2013، تعرضت رحلة خطوط الاسيانا رقم 214، طراز 777-200، إلى حادثة تحطم أثناء هبوطها في مطار سان فرانسيسكو الدولي، قادمة من سيول، كوريا. أدى هذا الحادث إلى وفاة 3 من ركاب الطائرة، وإصابة 182 شخص، خمسة منهم في حالة خطرة.
 في 8 مارس 2014 فقدت طائرة الخطوط الجوية الماليزية من طراز 777-200 بعد أن انقطع إتصال الراديو بها وكانت في رحله من كوالالمبور إلى بكين حيث اختفت عن شاشة الرادار في تمام الساعة 1:40 دقيقة صباحا بتوقيت بكين حيث كانت في منطقة المراقبة الخاضعة لمراقبة مراقبي الحركة الجوية الفيتنامية وكان على متنها 227 راكب و12 من أفراد الطاقم
 في 3 أغسطس 2016 وقعت حادثة لطائرة من طراز بوينغ 777-31إتش ذات رقم التسجيل (A6-EMW) التابعة لطيران الإمارات في رحلتها رقم (EK521) والقادمة من مدينة ثيروفانانثابورام عاصمة ولاية كيرالا الهندية إلى مطار دبي الدولي، الطائرة هبطت اضطراريا على المدرج الرئيسي في حوالي الساعة 12:45 ظهرا بتوقيت دبي، الطائرة تعرضت لأضرار كبيرة عقب اشتعال النار في مقدمتها. ولم يبلغ عن إصابات بين ركاب الطائرة والبالغ عددهم 275 راكب.

الطلبات والتسليم

مقال تفصيلي :لائحة طلبيات وتسليمات البوينغ 777

المعلومات حتى 31 مارس 2014.

المواصفات

مصادر: مواصفات بوينغ 777،، ومواصفات الطائرة لتخطيط المطار. ملاحظة: *المدى الأولي لطائرة بدأت الخدمة مؤخرا.

انظر أيضاً
 بوينغ 777 أكس
 لائحة مشغلي البوينغ 777
 طائرة ركاب نفاثة

طائرات مناظرة
 إيرباص إيه 330-300
 إيرباص إيه 340
 إيرباص إيه 350
 بوينغ 767
 بوينغ 787
 إليوشن إل-96
 ماكدونل دوغلاس أم دي-11

مصادر

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 عائلة بوينع 777 على موقع شركة بوينغ
 عائلة بوينع 777 على موقع شركة بوينغ الشرق الأوسط
 صفحة البوينغ 777 على موقع أيروسبيس تكنولوجي

طائرات خطوط جوية أمريكية 1990–1999

بوينغ 777


SS President Roosevelt may refer to:

 , a Design 1029 ship launched as Peninsula State; renamed President Pierce in May 1922, then President Roosevelt in August 1922; during World War II served the United States Army as USAT Joseph T. Dickman and the United States Navy as USS Joseph T. Dickman (AP-/APA-13); scrapped in 1948
 , a later name for the U.S. Navy transport USS General W. P. Richardson (AP-118) built during World War II; served as a passenger ship under a variety of names, including President Roosevelt (1961–1970); scrapped in 2004

See also
, an American steamer best known for supporting Robert Peary′s expeditions to the Arctic

Ship names

SS President Roosevelt


(4246) Telemann ist ein Hauptgürtelasteroid, der am 24. September 1982 von Freimut Börngen vom Karl-Schwarzschild-Observatorium entdeckt wurde.

Der Asteroid ist nach dem deutschen Komponisten Georg Philipp Telemann benannt.

Weblinks

Hauptgürtelasteroid unter 50 km Durchmesser
Georg Philipp Telemann

(4246) Telemann


هذه مقارنة بين عملاء دردشة الأي آر سي ولمحة عامة عن كل برنامج

بشكل عام

  في الأصل sIRC (يوليو 2000) في وقت لاحق وVClient (يوليو 2001  آب / أغسطس 2001)

دعم نظام التشغيل

أهم الميزات

  وعند جمعها مع ncursesw (إن كيرسيس Ncurses مع الطابع دعم واسع)

بروتوكول لدعم

العميل مباشرة إلى العملاء

انظر أيضًا
 آي آر سي

المراجع

عملاء آي آر سي
مقارنات برمجيات شبكة
مقارنات بين الخدمات عبر الإنترنت

قائمة عملاء الآي آر سي