زهير هاشم طوله هو فنان تشكيلي سعودي

نشأة الفنان

من مواليد المدينة المنورة سنة 1968

نشأت أسرته في المدينة وعاش فيها حتى انتقل إلى جدة حيث يسكن هناك الآن.

يذكر أن منسق أعمال الفنان زهير طوله بهجت يوسف جمال الدين قال عن

زهير : لا تستطيع التحدث كثيراً عن زهير طوله فهو غامضا في حد ذاته

كأعماله التي تدعو إلي التساؤل !

وقد برز نجم الفنان زهير طوله مبكراً وأستطاع إن يحقق له موقعاً ومساحه بين الكثير ممن سبقه

بالحضور وتحقيق الذات فقد فاجأ زهير طوله الساحة التشكيليه بأعماله ذات

الخصوصية والتفرد مع تأثيره بأساليب عالميه توثقها الموسوعات مما يدل علي

ثقافته الواسعة وقدرته علي توظيفها في إبداعه دون اقتباس مباشر

أو تقليد إلا أن شخصيه الفنان طوله كانت اقرب إلي تحديد إبداعه وطبعه

باسمه [كماركه مسجله] في الساحة المحلية مما جعل مؤسسه الفن النقي

استضافة معرضه في الرياض ورعايته محققا فيه نسبة مبيعات جيده...

والفنان طوله استطاع الحضور العالمي قبل المحلي وأقام عدداً من معارضه في باريس واجداً التقدير كما منح العديد من الميداليات والأوسمة منها وسام الشرف لمدينة ليون ووسام الصداقة الفرنسية إضافة إلى درجة التقييم الاستثنائي مع كبار الفنانين العالميين في فرنسا وعدد من الجوائز المحلية وشهادات التقدير

يقول عنه الفنان البريفيسور عبدا لحليم رضوي إن زهير طوله واحد من الأسماء التي أخذت تطور أسلوبها بالبحث عن القيم الإنسانية بأسلوب تعبيري مسترسل تتراكم فيه الألوان وتتداخل فيه الخطوط التي تتحول إلى لغة تعبيرية تثير الانتباه لدى المتذوق مع ميل للتجريد والتنقيب عن الوسائل المعاصرة

أسلوبه الفني

الفنان زهير طولة فنان تعبيري تسكنه روح طفل مشاكس تظهر عواطفه وانفعالاته على سطوح لوحاته بكل عفوية دون أدنى تردد، فيصل بالتعبير إلى أقصى مداه في أعمال طوله مساحات أكثر دقة وخصوصية اللون فهو أكثر الأحيان صافي ومعالج بألوان موحدة وهو دائما حاذق بارع يستمد إلهامه من وحي الضوء الساطع الذي ولقد لعبت المعالجة البنائية في لوحه

بدأت ميوله الفنية منذ سن مبكر صقلها بعد دورات في التصوير الزيتي على يد الأستاذ يوسف التهامي بالمركز السعودي للفنون التشكيلية بجدة من عام 1988 إلى 1990

وما يلفت النظر تلك المعالجة في الخطوط القوية الجريئة إلحاده والخطوط الانسيابية والمنحنية بحيث تساعد عين المشاهد على التركيز كما تعطيه علامات ونقاط استدلال من خلال رموز وشخوص محاطة بأطواق تقطع المساحة بمسطحات تدعو للاستفهام والاستنطاق وبكل بساطه وسواء كانت الأعمال تصويرية آو عمال أكثر تجريدية وليست اللوحة فقط هي التي ينظر إليها بل هي تنظر إلي المشاهد

أعمال طوله تنم على كثير من مشاهد الحياة اليومية التي تتناول حالات مختلفة من الانفعالات عبر ملامح الوجوه ومشاعر من الحزن والألم ومن الفرح

زهير طولة يعالج ألوانه بشفافية وشغف بألوان صحراوية مشرقية تصدح بتناغمات حزينة تشبه حِداء البدو وأهازيج الصحراء، ويعمل على تنويع ملامس السطوح ما بين خشونة ونعومة، تكويناته مفتوحة على الجهات الأربعة – كما هي نوافذ ثقافية- فقد سافر وجال كثيراً في أوروبا مقيماً لفترات طويلة دارساً ومطلعاً على إبداعات الفن المعاصر ومحققاً معارض لفتت إليه الأنظار فنال أهم الجوائز وكتب عن تجربته أهم النقاد

زهير طولة ينتمي إلى أولئك الفنانين الذين نهلوا من فنون الأطفال والبدائيين والناس الذين يرسمون من القلب آلي اليد مباشرة دون التقيد بالتعاليم والقوانين الأكاديمية الباردة ودون المرور من بوابة العقل

الوظائف التي عمل بها الفنان

عمل عضو ببيت التشكيلين بالرئاسة العامة لرعاية الشباب (الهيئة العامة للرياضة حاليا) بجدة.
عضو بيت الفوتوغرافيين بالجمعية العربية السعودية للثقافة والفنون بجده.
عضو جمعية الفنون اللأوربية ببلجيكا.
عضو i c s للتصوير سكرانتون بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.
أستاذ التصوير الضوئي في نادي الأنجال للتصوير بجدة منذعام 1992
صاحب تجربة فنية خاصة في التشكيل الضوئي.

المعارض التي شارك بها

الجالية العربية في البرازيل1990
المعرض الجماعي الثاني للفن المعاصر في المركز السعودي بجدة 1989
المعرض الجماعي الرابع للفن المعاصر في المركز السعودي بجده1996
مهرجان التصوير الفوتغرافي الأول بالمركز السعودي بجده1996
معارض جاليري الجامعة بالاشتراك مع كبار الفنانين المعاصرين في فرنسا وألمانيا وسويسرا وبلجيكا سنة 2000
انطباعات فرنسية مستوحاة من أعمال طوله وهي لطلاب المدرسة الفرنسية العالمية بجده عام2000
معرض ثلاثي جاليري رضا سمي بعصف جده عام2004
معرض ثنائي جده عام2002 سمي ب(لازمان ولإمكان)
ايكواسو بالبرازيل سنة 1991
المعرض الأول لرواد الفن في التشكيل الضوئي في صالة أرابيسك بجده1999

المعارض الشخصية

معرض أفراح الأسود والأصفر في قاعة المركز الثقافي الفرنسي بجده1996
قصر الباكتيل مرسيليا بفرنسا1997
مساحات إنسانية أوتيليه ربفنوف مرسيليا بفرنسا1997
ما بعد السعفة الذهبية بجاليري سدين 1997
أشلاء في إطار ذهبي بجاليري الجامعة ليون فرنسا1998
جولة في ربوع الوطن بصالة لكزس بجده1999
مجموعة 2000بقاعة المركز الثقافي الفرنسي بجده1999
مجموعة إنسان برعاية مؤسسة الفن النقي بالمتحف الوطني بالرياض2001
برست كارد ربفنوف مرسيليا بفرنسا2002
المعرض الدائم لافواـكوفي شوب بجده2004
المعرض الدائم قصر جوليه حمص ـ سوريا2005
زاوية غاليري الشام ـ سوريا2005
معرض خدود الأرض2006

الجوائزالتي حاز عليها

حاز على السعفة الذهبية الاوربية للفنون عام1997ببلجيكا
منح استاج فني خاص على يد بعض الفنانين المتخصصين في فرنسا1995
حاز على وسام الشرف لليون وأعمدة المدينة عام1998+ليون فرنسا
وسام الصداقة الفرنسي
الميدالية البرونزية لقصر الباجاتيل مرسيليا بفرنسا
درجة التقييم عام1999artsالاستثنائي من 99 مع كبارالفنانين المعاصرين بفرنسا (arts actuality99)

شهادة امتياز كانسلريا من الجمعية الاوربية للفنون ببلجيكا
درع المهرجان للتصوير الفوتوغرافي الأول مقدم من سمو الأمير سلطان بن سلمان بالمركز السعودي بجده
درع تقدير عن معرض التشكيل الضوئي من مدارس الانجال بجده
شهادة تقدير من بيت الفوتغرافيين بالجمعية العربية السعودية للثقافة والفنون بجده
شهادة تقدير1999للتصوير من مدارس الانجال الخاصة بجده

موقعه على الشبكة العنكبوتية

الفنان زهير هاشم طوله دائما حاذق بارع يستمد إلهامه من وحي الضوء الساطع الذي تتميز به البلد التي شهدت مولد هذا الفنان.

و للإطلاع عن مزيد من المعلومات عن الفنان:

على موقعه الشخصي www.tolahart.com

المراجع

 عبيان، عبد الله.(6/2/1427هـ)." زهير طوله يعود بخدود الأرض".]نسخة إلكترونية[جريدة عكاظ اليومية، العدد1723.ص.(ب.ت).
http://www.okaz.com.sa/okaz/osf/20060306/Con20060306646.htm

 فنون.(ب.ت)."خير الله زربان".18/فبراير/السبت، من صالة بيت الفنون مفتوحه للجميع ولاشروط سوى الإجادة والإبداعhttp://www.fonon.net/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=1114
 فنون.(ب.ت).28ديسمبر الخميس، معرض تشكيلي في مهرجان اليوم العالمي للمعاقين بجده
http://www.fonon.net/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=1350

 القضيب، يوسف.(3/ربيع الأول/1420)."من بين 46 رساما ونحاتا الأوساط الفنية الفرنسية تركز اهتمامها على الفنان التشكيلي السعودي زهير طوله"]نسخه إلكترونية[من جريدة الجزيرة اليومية
http://www.suhuf.net.sa/1999jaz/jun/17/ak6.htm

 المنيف، محمد.20 ذو القعدة 1424."واقع الفن التشكيلي صالات العرض المتخصصة من أبرز مشاكل الساحة التشكيلية".جريدة الجزيرة اليومية، ]نسخة إلكترونية[
http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/culture/12012004/tachkel23.htm

 موقعه الشخصي:
طوله، زهير. http://www.tolahart.com/arabic/index.php

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من المدينة المنورة
فنانون تشكيليون سعوديون
مواليد 1968

زهير طوله


An Phyllostachys shuchengensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni S.C.Li ngan S.H.Wu. An Phyllostachys shuchengensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Phyllostachys, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Phyllostachys

Phyllostachys shuchengensis


Marc Summers (born Marc Berkowitz; November 11, 1951) is an American television personality, comedian, game show host, producer, and talk show host. He is best known for hosting Double Dare for Nickelodeon, and Unwrapped for Food Network; he was the executive producer for both Dinner: Impossible and Restaurant: Impossible also for Food Network.

Early career
Summers was born Marc Berkowitz in Indianapolis, Indiana, to a Jewish family. He attended Westlane Middle School and North Central High School in Indianapolis and Grahm Junior College in Boston. After consulting with Rabbi Weitzman of Indianapolis Hebrew Congregation about whether to pursue a career as a rabbi or as an entertainer, Rabbi Weitzman told Summers, "As a rabbi, you can help a small congregation a lot, but as a performer you can help a lot of people a little." Summers decided he preferred to help a lot of people, which set his path to becoming a performer. He moved out to Los Angeles in 1972, taking a job as a page at CBS Television City. There, he got to do a variety of tasks on different shows, including filling in as announcer on The Joker's Wild, assisting with the audience warm-up on The Carol Burnett Show and helping with production on The New Price is Right. In the beginning of his career he was a radio DJ and a stand-up comedian; although he held various television production jobs before a career boost in 1986, when he worked as the co-announcer with Gene Wood on ABC's short lived game show Bruce Forsyth's Hot Streak. This garnered the attention of Nickelodeon, who hired him as the host of Double Dare. According to Summers, a ventriloquist friend was called for an interview to Double Dare, but having never heard of Nickelodeon, sent Summers for the interview in his place. Summers was the first to interview for the job and was hired as both the host and producer. Double Dare was syndicated within two years and had a brief broadcast network run in prime time as Fox Family Double Dare in 1988. The show's popularity led to other hosting jobs including the syndicated Couch Potatoes in 1989, and Nickelodeon's What Would You Do? in 1991. GSN chose him to host its original program WinTuition in 2002. He also had a rare dramatic performance in the Nickelodeon-produced Halloween program Mystery Magical Special, which also highlighted his skills as a stage magician. Summers also made celebrity guest rounds on other game shows including Scrabble, Super Password, Talk About, Lingo, To Tell the Truth, Win, Lose or Draw, and Hollywood Squares. In 1989, he auditioned to host the CBS daytime version of Wheel of Fortune; however, Bob Goen was hired instead.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Summers appeared on television talk shows, including a stint on ABC television's Home Show. After Double Dare's cancellation in 1993, Summers co-hosted Our Home, a daily talk show aimed at homemakers, on Lifetime. Summers left Our Home after a couple of seasons to co-host another Lifetime talk show, Biggers & Summers.

On March 28, 2008, the Communication and Journalism Club of Coastal Carolina University presented Summers with the first annual Peach Cobbler Award, an honor modeled after Harvard's Hasty Pudding Award. The Peach Cobbler Award recognizes an individual and their accomplishments in the communication field. The Communication and Journalism Club also declared that same day as "Marc Summers Day". After the ceremony, Summers hosted a mock version of Double Dare on the university's campus.

Health
During an interview with Dr. Eric Hollander on Biggers & Summers, Summers revealed that he has obsessive–compulsive disorder. Summers went public about his condition on various television shows, including The Oprah Winfrey Show and Today. In 1999, Summers produced a VHS video box set with Hollander about his experience, called Everything in Its Place: My Trials and Triumphs with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Summers also participated in a series of VHS videos for Freedom from Fear, a non-profit organization with the goal of addressing anxiety disorders and other related behavioral disorders. Despite his OCD, he was able to interact fully with his fans and contestants on Double Dare to the point of even allowing himself to get slimed, as well as shaking hands with contestants. Going public with his OCD cost Summers a job as host of a Hollywood Squares revival, and he was replaced by Tom Bergeron.

In August 2012, Summers suffered severe head injuries in an accident in a Philadelphia taxicab equipped with a partition. Summers said, "Everything on the left side [of my face] from my eye socket down was just wiped out. My eye socket got all swollen. I'm having trouble seeing completely out of the left eye ... There's lots of VCR parts in my face. I was pretty lucky that I didn't have brain damage."

In a 2015 interview on the Philadelphia-based Preston & Steve radio show on WMMR, Summers revealed that six years before, in 2009, he had "stomach problems" and had been in a lot of pain. Exploratory surgery revealed that he had chronic lymphatic leukemia. The initial doctor recommended chemotherapy, but fearing the pain and illness involved, Summers sought the opinion of another oncologist in Chicago. The oncologist promptly misdiagnosed him with mantle cell lymphoma and told him that he only had six months to live. Summers went back to his initial doctor in a panic; ultimately the original diagnosis of chronic lymphatic leukemia was confirmed. Chemotherapy would go on for the next two years, which he described as "brutal". Summers has had PET scans ever since his chemo finished, and  is in remission. On April 10, 2018, Summers was again a guest on Preston & Steve, and discussed flying to the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center from his home in Santa Barbara for further treatment.

In late 2019, in an in-person interview on KTLA's morning show, Summers revealed that he is again battling cancer. He did not volunteer which type of cancer he had, only saying that he was taking medication, and added, "I feel good, it's all going to be fantastic".

Later career
During the 1990s, Summers continued work on television shows, each with varying success. He created and hosted the short-lived children's game show Pick Your Brain, co-hosted Great Day America on the PAX Network, produced I Can't Believe You Said That, and hosted It's a Surprise on Food Network.

In 1993, Summers hosted a special episode of Nova, called "The NOVA Quiz", celebrating the show's 20th anniversary season on PBS. Contestants answered science questions and participated in science experiments, for a chance to go on a science expedition.

Summers made a memorable appearance on the Tonight Show with Jay Leno on October 17, 1994, where he sat next to Burt Reynolds. The two traded jabs, before Reynolds dumped water from his mug onto Summers' lap; the two ended up pieing each other. Regarding the experience, Summers later recalled: "Burt Reynolds was going through a bad divorce with Loni Anderson. This was not planned, it was all real. Jay called me afterward and asked, 'What's going on between you and Burt?' It was like survival of the fittest. I was a comic. You wait your entire life to get on the Tonight Show, I wasn't going to let this guy fuck it up for me."

Summers returned to Nickelodeon in 2000 as the executive consultant for Double Dare 2000, an updated version of his original show. Two years later, he was the executive producer for another Nickelodeon resurrection, Wild and Crazy Kids.

He returned to television as the host of more shows, including History IQ with his old announcer Harvey on the History Channel; the Food Network series Unwrapped; the Unwrapped spin-off game show, Trivia Unwrapped; and the Game Show Network series WinTuition. In 2005, Summers became the host of Food Network's reality series The Next Food Network Star. Summers joined Chef Guy Fieri as co-host of Food Network's Ultimate Recipe Showdown in 2008. In late 2006, Sony Pictures Television and KingWorld planned a new game show called Combination Lock, with Summers hosting the first pilot. It was to be paired with a revival of the classic game show, The Joker's Wild. However, a deal couldn't be reached by KingWorld and station groups. Off the screen, Summers has been involved as an executive producer on the Food Network's Dinner: Impossible and Restaurant: Impossible. Summers currently splits his time between homes in Los Angeles and Philadelphia where his company Marc Summers Productions has a branch.

Summers has hosted stage versions of The Price Is Right and credits Bob Barker and The Price Is Right for helping him pursue a game-show career. Summers was a young page at CBS when The Price Is Right premiered with The Joker's Wild and Gambit in 1972, and he often asked advice of Barker, Jack Barry and Wink Martindale—the shows' respective hosts—about a hosting career. He claims it's the best possible education and training in the game show field, and it was during this time that Summers got his first on-air experience, as a fill-in announcer on The Joker's Wild.

Summers served as host of "Drunk Double Dare" during Drunk Day, an annual episode of the Philadelphia-based Preston & Steve radio show on WMMR, held directly before the Fourth of July weekend. The show reunited Summers with his Double Dare cohorts Harvey and Robin Marrella. He has also hosted "Dunkel Dare" during the annual Beer Week in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Summers appears in the Good Charlotte music video for their song "Last Night", which uses Family Double Dare as the motif for the video. He has also played himself on The Cleveland Show, Robot Chicken, Workaholics, and Sanjay & Craig, and appeared in special segments on ABC's The Chew.

He is the subject and executive producer of On Your Marc, a documentary that chronicles his life and development of his one-man theater show, featuring interviews with Neil Patrick Harris, Ryan Seacrest, Guy Fieri and Seth Green, and was directed by Mathew Klickstein. He hosted a number of early preview screenings and live events as part of a nationwide promotional tour of the film in October 2017.

Summers returned to host a 30th Anniversary of Double Dare at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con International. Summers also appeared in a commemorative half-hour special in honor of the show's 30th anniversary that aired on Nickelodeon on November 23, 2016.

In 2018, Summers provided color commentary along with his vast knowledge of the game on the revival of Double Dare with Liza Koshy, produced by RTL Group / FremantleMedia, and served as executive producer. In 2019, Summers hosted Double Dare Live, a non-broadcast, national touring version of the show.

On July 20, 2020, Summers appears as himself on an episode in season four of Nickelodeon's The Loud House aired titled "How Double Dare You!", in which the Loud family siblings attempt to get on Double Dare.

References

External links

1951 births
Living people
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
American game show hosts
American male comedians
American male voice actors
American television talk show hosts
Comedians from California
Comedians from Indiana
Food Network
Game show announcers
Male actors from California
Male actors from Indianapolis
Male actors from Los Angeles
Television personalities from Los Angeles
People with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Television producers from California
Jewish American entertainers
Grahm Junior College alumni

Marc Summers


David Warren Brubeck (Concord,Kalifornija 6. prosinca 1920. – Norwalk, Connecticut, 5. prosinca 2012.), američki jazz glazbenik.

Kao školovani glazbenik, upustio se u drugoj polovini 1940.-ih godina u jazz vode, te je 1949. godine s triom u kojemu su uz njega kao pijanista bili još perkusionist Cal Tjader i basist Ron Crotty izdao prvu ploču, koji se pokazala vrlo uspješnom: ubrzo su se ploče s njegovim pjesmama prodavale u približno 50.000 primjeraka svakog kvartala, uz visoku zaradu. 1954. godine je postao drugi jazz glazbenik koji je dospio na naslovnicu slavnog magazina "Time".

S vremenom je sve više pisao glazbu za televiziju, te nakon 1978. godine ne nastupa više mnogo.

Autor je većeg broja vrlo zapaženih jazz standarda, među kojima je vjerojatno najpopularniji "Take Five" iz 1959. godine.

Životopis

David Brubeck je rođen u Concordu kod San Francisca u Kaliforniji, od oca Petea koji je imao govedarski ranč; majka Elizabeth je bila školovana klasična pijanistica koja je davala poduke iz klavira. Kako bi nastavio posao na obiteljskom ranču (njegova starija braća Howard i Henry već su se već bavila glazbom), započeo je studij veterinarstva na College of the Pacific u Stocktonu (Kalifornija), da bi ubrzo prešao na studij glazbe na istom visokom učilištu. 1942. godine je obranio bakalaureat, te je odmah unovačen u američku vojsku. Služio je na europskom ratištu, gdje je svirao klavir i predvodio vojnički glazbeni sastav.  Razvojačen je nakon četiri godine vojne službe, te je nastavio studij kompozicije, na Mills Collegeu u Oaklandu.

Već 1942. godine D. Bruebeck se ženi s Lolom Bruebeck (1924. – 1914., Lola je i sama pisala tekstove za jazz pjesme), te je s njome ostao u braku do svoje smrti 2012. godine.

Nakon studija počinje u San Franciscu nastupati kao dio jazz okteta i potom trija, te 1949. godine s prvim pločama postiže ozbiljan uspjeh, prodajući 40 do 50 tisuća ploča svakog kvartala (u to vrijeme su se mahom prodavale "singlice", ploče s jednom do dvije pjesme).

1951. godine doživljava ozbiljnu ozljedu vratne kralježnice na surfanju, te se oporavio tek nakon nekoliko mjeseci; kasnije su ga više godina pratili bolovi od te teške ozljede. Bolovanje nije bitno omelo njegovu karijeru, u kojoj je postigao status slavnog jazz kompozitora i pijanista, te zapaženog autora glazbe za film i TV. Sa svojom slavom se nosio na ponizan način, kao da mu pažnja javnosti donekle smeta.

1980. godine je prešao na katoličanstvo, uz stanovitu pažnju javnosti.

Imao je šestoro djece, od kojih je četvero postalo profesionalnim glazbenicima. Najstariji Darius (r. 1947.) je pijanist i producent, Dan je perkusionist, Chris je kompozitor i multiinstrumentalist. Najmlađi sin Matthew (r. 1961.) je čelist i kompozitor.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Brubeck Music, stranica o glazbenoj obitelji Brubeck

Američki glazbenici
Jazz glazbenici
Jazz trubači

Dave Brubeck


L'église Saint-Sauveur, de style roman, est l'église paroissiale du village d'Arboussols, dans le département français des Pyrénées-Orientales.

Situation

Historique

Architecture et mobilier

Annexes

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Arboussols
Arboussols
Arboussols

Église Saint-Sauveur d'Arboussols


الصاروخ الباليستي التكتيكي أو القذيفة التسيارية التعبوية صاروخ باليستي قصير المدى مصمم للاستخدام الميداني في أرض المعركة، المدى التقليدي للصواريخ الباليستية التكتيكة هو أقل من 300 كم وعادة ما تكون هذه الصواريخ ذات قدرة على التنقل لضمان ديموميتها وبقائها وسرعة تحشدها.

يمكن للصواريخ الباليستية التكتيكة حمل رؤوس حربية متعددة لاستهداف منشآت العدو ومناطق التحشد والمدفعية، وإلى غير ذلك من الأهداف فيما وراء خطوط الجبهة. هذه الرؤوس الحربية يمكن أن تضم أسلحة التقليدية شديدة الانفجار، أو رؤوس حربية بيولوجية، كيميائية أو نووية. وعادة ما أسلحة نووية تكتيكية محدودة في المحصول الكلي بالمقارنة مع الصواريخ الاستراتيجية، وتسد الصواريخ الباليستية التكتيكية الفجوة بين المدفعية الصاروخية والصواريخ بعيدة المدى.

مراجع

صواريخ بالستية تكتيكية

صاروخ باليستي تكتيكي


2B fuе una banda portuguesa formada por Luciana Abreu y Rui Drummond. Representaron a Portugal en el Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión 2005, celebrado en Kiev, Ucrania, con la canción "Amar". El dúo se formó exclusivamente para representar a Portugal en el Festival de Eurovisión. La canción, cantada en portugués e inglés, fue eliminada en la semifinal, aunque cosechó 51 puntos, de los que países con gran emigración portuguesa otorgaron 12 puntos (Alemania, Francia, Suiza) y 10 puntos (Bélgica), su vecino España otorgó los otros 5 puntos.

Referencias

Grupos de pop de Portugal
Representantes de Portugal en Eurovisión
Participantes en Eurovisión 2005
Grupos de música de los años 2000
Dúos de música de Portugal

2B


The striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) is an extensively researched dolphin found in temperate and tropical waters of all the world's oceans. It is a member of the oceanic dolphin family, Delphinidae.

Taxonomy
The striped dolphin, also known as the euphrosyne dolphin, is one of five species traditionally included in the genus Stenella; however, recent genetic work by LeDuc et al. (1999) indicates Stenella, as traditionally conceived, is not a natural group. According to that study, the closest relatives of the striped dolphin are the Clymene dolphin, the common dolphins, the Atlantic spotted dolphin, and "Tursiops" aduncus, which was formerly considered a subspecies of the common bottlenose dolphin. The striped dolphin was described by Franz Meyen in 1833.

Description

The striped dolphin has a similar size and shape to several other dolphins that inhabit the waters it does (see pantropical spotted dolphin, Atlantic spotted dolphin, Clymene dolphin). However, its colouring is very different and makes it relatively easy to notice at sea. The underside is blue, white, or pink. One or two black bands circle the eyes, and then run across the back, to the flipper. These bands widen to the width of the flipper which are the same size. Two further black stripes run from behind the ear — one is short and ends just above the flipper. The other is longer and thickens along the flanks until it curves down under the belly just prior to the tail stock. Above these stripes, the dolphin's flanks are coloured light blue or grey. All appendages are black, as well.  At birth, individuals weigh about 10 kg (22 lb) and are up to a meter (3 feet) long. By adulthood, they have grown to 2.4 m (8 ft) (females) or 2.6 m (8.5 ft) (males) and weigh 150 kg (330 lb) (female) or 160 kg (352 lb) (male). Research suggested sexual maturity was reached at 12 years in Mediterranean females and in the Pacific at between seven and 9 years. Longevity is about 55–60 years. Gestation lasts about 12 months, with a three- or four-year gap between calving.

In common with other dolphins in its genus, the striped dolphin moves in large groups — usually up to thousands of individuals in number. Groups may be smaller in the Mediterranean and Atlantic. They may also mix with common dolphins. The striped dolphin is as capable as any dolphin at performing acrobatics — frequently breaching and jumping far above the surface of the water. Sometimes, it approaches boats in the Atlantic and Mediterranean, but this is dramatically less common in other areas, particularly in the Pacific, where it has been heavily exploited in the past. Striped dolphins are known as "streakers" throughout the eastern tropical Pacific due to their behavior of rapidly swimming away from vessels to avoid collisions

The striped dolphin feeds on small pelagic fish and squid.

Population and distribution

The striped dolphin inhabits temperate or tropical, off-shore waters. It is found in abundance in the North and South Atlantic Oceans, including the Mediterranean (sightings and strandings have been reported rather recently in Sea of Marmara) and Gulf of Mexico, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean. Roughly speaking, it occupies a range running from 40°N to 30°S. It has been found in water temperatures ranging from 10 to 26 °C, though the standard range is 18-22 °C. In the western Pacific, where the species has been extensively studied, a distinctive migration pattern has been identified. This has not been the case in other areas. The dolphin appears to be common in all areas of its range, though that may not be continuous; areas of low population density do exist. The total population is in excess of two million. The southernmost record is of a stranded individual nearby Dunedin, southern New Zealand in 2017.

Human interaction
Japanese whalers have hunted striped dolphins in the western Pacific since at least the 1940s. In the heyday of "striped dolphin drives", at least 8,000 to 9,000 individuals were killed each year, and in one exceptional year, 21,000 individuals were killed. Since the 1980s, following the introduction of quotas, this number has fallen to around 1,000 kills per year. Conservationists are concerned about the Mediterranean population which is threatened by pollution, disease, busy shipping lanes, and heavy incidental catches in fishing nets such as long-liners, trawlers, gill nets, trammel and purse seine nets. . Recent threats include military sonar, and chemical pollution from near by harbors.
Hydrocarbons are also a major concern such has PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and HCB (hexachlorobenzene). These are said to give problems to additional food chains as well as doing a full body test to see what hydrocarbons may be passed down through parturition and lactation.
Attempts have been made to keep the striped dolphin in captivity, but most have failed, with the exception of a few captured in Japan for the Taiji Whale Museum.

Striped dolphins are one of the targeted species in the Taiji dolphin drive hunt.

Diet
The adult striped dolphin eats fish, squid, octopus, krill, and other crustaceans.   Mediterranean striped dolphins seem to prey primarily on cephalopods (50-100% of stomach contents), while northeastern Atlantic striped dolphins most often prey on fish, frequently cod. They mainly feed on cephalopods, crustaceans, and bony fishes. They feed anywhere within the water column where prey is concentrated, and they can dive to depths of 700 m to hunt deeper-dwelling species.

Conservation

The eastern tropical Pacific and Mediterranean populations of the striped dolphin are listed on Appendix II  of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), since they have an unfavorable conservation status or would benefit significantly from international co-operation organized by tailored agreements.

On the IUCN Red List the striped dolphin classifies as vulnerable due to a 30% reduction in its subpopulation over the last three generations.  These dolphins may also be an indicator species for long term monitoring of heavy metal accumulation in the marine environment because of its importance in the Japan pelagic food web as well as its ability to live for many years.

In addition, the striped dolphin is covered by the Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas (ASCOBANS),  the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS), the Memorandum of Understanding for the Conservation of Cetaceans and Their Habitats in the Pacific Islands Region (Pacific Cetaceans MOU) and the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia (Western African Aquatic Mammals MoU)

Conservation efforts have included having ship lines take a new path to their destination such as cruise lines as well as reduced human interaction close up. Feeding the dolphins has also become a problem, and has led to behavioral changes. This has also been suggested as another reason for mortality events.

Strandings and mortality

The striped dolphin once thrived, numbering 127,880 before 1990. Since then, the population has suffered from incidental catches in fisheries. Mortality has been considered unsustainable, but there is a lack of data which hampers conservation efforts.

Various cases of stranding over the years have been a cause for alarm. With an unfavorable conservation status and the increasing amount of debris piling in the ocean every year, striped dolphin's population is decreasing. 37 dolphins stranded off the Spanish Mediterranean coast were suffering from dolphin morbillivirus (DMV). The causes of these stranding have been changing from epizootic to enzootic.

Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) can be divided into six strains in cetaceans throughout the world, causing widespread mortality events in Europe, North America, and Australia. Studies have indicated that characteristics of CeMV may be more closely associated with disease in ruminants than carnivore species, which is representative of their evolutionary histories. Common disease presentation includes broncointerstitial pneumonia, encephalitis, lymphocytopenia, and increases in multinucleated cells. CeVM causes immunosuppression, increasing risk to secondary infection following acute resolution of clinical signs. Hypothesized transmission routes include via aerosol and trans-placentally.

The unusual mortality events (UMEs) among striped dolphins suggest that parasitic diseases may be increasing in the open ocean due to anthropogenic causes. In addition, case reports indicate nematodes present in the brain of the striped dolphin, described as a single round and thin worm with numerous eggs in the subcortical lesions, including the optic nerve. It is hypothesized this worm belongs to the genus Contracaecum, the same genus which has been reported to infect the brains of sea lions. Caution should be employed when handling these animals due to the possibility of a serious injury if the right steps are not taken in order to ensure both human and animal safety.

See also

 List of cetaceans
 Marine biology

References

 LeDuc, R.G., W.F. Perrin and A.E. Dizon (1999). Phylogenetic relationships among the delphinid cetaceans based on full cytochrome b sequences. Marine Mammal Science, vol. 15, no. 3:619-648.
 Striped Dolphin by Frederick I. Archer II in Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals pp. 1201–1203.
 Eds. C.Michael Hogan and C.J.Cleveland. 2011. Striped dolphin. Encyclopedia of Earth with content partner EOL, National Council for Science and Environment, Washington, DC
 Whales Dolphins and Porpoises, Mark Carwardine, Dorling Kindersley Handbooks,
 National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World, Reeves, Stewart, Clapham and Powell,

External links

 ARKive - images and movies of the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba)
 Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society
 Whale Trackers - An online documentary series about whales, dolphins and porpoises.

striped dolphin
Cetaceans of the Pacific Ocean
Cetaceans of the Indian Ocean
Cetaceans of the Atlantic Ocean
Cetaceans of Europe
Marine fauna of North America
Marine fauna of South America
Pantropical fauna
Cosmopolitan mammals
striped dolphin
Fauna of Iran
Taxa named by Franz Meyen

Striped dolphin


Fakihe Öymen, (1900, İşkodra - 6 Nisan 1983, Ankara), Türk eğitimci ve siyasetçi. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ilk kadın milletvekillerindendir. Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi'nin V., VI., VII., VIII. dönemlerinde İstanbul ve Ankara milletvekilliği görevlerinde bulundu.

İlk yılları ve eğitimi
Fakihe Öymen 1900 yılında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na bağlı İşkodra Vilayeti'nin İşkodra şehrinde doğdu. Babası İstanbullu bir zabit olan İsmail Efendi, annesi Azize Hanımdır. İlköğrenimini İstanbul'da Koca Mustafa Paşa İlk Mektebinde tamamladıktan sonra İstanbul Kız Muallim Mektebini dördüncü olarak bitirdi. Yüksek öğrenimine bir süre İnâs Darülfünunu (Kadın Üniversitesi) Edebiyat Şubesinde devam etti. Ancak daha sonra teyzesinin kızı Şukûfe Nihal Hanım ile birlikte Coğrafya Bölümü'ne geçti ve bu bölümden mezun oldu.

Kariyeri
1922'de Kandilli Kız Lisesi Coğrafya öğretmenliğine, 1923'te Bursa Kız Muallim Mektebi Tarih ve Coğrafya öğretmenliğine atandı. Bu okulda öğretmenliğin yanı sıra müdür muavini olarak da görev yaptı. 1931 yılında Bursa Kız Lisesi müdürü olarak atandı ve siyasete atılana kadar bu göreve devam etti.

Kadınların ilk defa oy kullanabildikleri ve seçilme hakkına sahip oldukları 1935 seçimlerinde Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi'ne girmek için adaylığını koydu. Bursa'dan Ayşe Şekib Hanım'ın da milletvekili adayı olması nedeniyle, aynı şehirden iki kadın aday olmaması için Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi'nden aday oldu ve İstanbul Milletvekili olarak TBMM'ye girdi. 8 Şubat 1935'te yapılan V. Dönem seçimlerinde 1625 oy alarak 35 yaşında İstanbul'dan milletvekili olarak seçilmiş ve 1 Mart 1935'te Meclise katılarak Türkiye'nin ilk kadın milletvekillerinden biri olmuştur. 7 Mart 1935'te seçim tutanağı onaylanan Öymen, Milletvekili seçildiği sırada evlidir ve çocuğu yoktur. Yedigün muhabiriyle yaptığı bir söyleşide muhabirin milletvekili seçilmesinden dolayı memnun olup olmadığını sorması üzerine Öymen şu cevabı vermiştir: "Bunu sormaya hacet yok. Hiç memnun olmaz mıyım, görüyorsunuz ya bir haftadan beri daha heyecanımı dindiremedim. Ben, saylav olacağımı hiç zannetmiyorum. Arkadaşlarım bunu umuyorlarmış. Onun içindir ki; birdenbire karşılaştığım bu heyecan beni çok sevindirdi."

Seçim bölgesinin sorunlarıyla da ilgilenen Öymen, diğer İstanbul milletvekilleriyle birlikte 1935, 1936 ve 1937 yıllarında hazırladıkları raporlarda Türkler arasında işsizliğin çok olmasından dolayı Türklere ait olmayan mağazalarda hiç olmazsa yarı yarıya Türklerin çalıştırılması gerektiğinden, devlet memurlarının işlerini yavaş yaptıkları ve halka kötü davrandıkları için halkın memnun olmadığından, İstanbul'da okul sayısının artırılarak eğitim seviyesinin yükseltilebileceğinden, eski dönemlere ait tarihi eserlerin turizme kazandırılmasıyla bolca gelir elde edilebileceğinden, İstanbul'da balıkçılığın gelişmesi için vergilerin düşürülmesi gerektiğinden ve halkın kültür seviyesinin yükseltilmesi için İstanbul'un farklı yerlerinde Halkevlerinin açılmasının yararlı olacağından bahsetmişlerdir. Ayrıca bu raporlarda İstanbul'daki Kadıköy, Şişli, Şehremini, Beşiktaş, Beyoğlu ve Eminönü'ndeki Halkevlerinin çalışmalarından, ekonomik durumlarından ve halka yaptıkları hizmetlerden ayrıntılı bir şekilde bahsedilmiştir. V. Dönem boyunca Bütçe Komisyonu'nda yer aldı. VI. ve VII. dönemlerde İstanbul, VIII. dönemde ise Ankara Milletvekili olarak Meclis'te görev yapmaya devam etti.

1936 yılında Dolmabahçe Sarayında Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün yüksek huzurlarıyla toplanan Üçüncü Türk Dil Kurultayı'nda 4 ilmi komisyondan biri olan Gramer – Sentaks Komisyonu üyeliğine Fakihe Öymen, Ali Ulvi Elöve, Besim Atalay, Emin Dalkılıç, Fazıl Ahmet Aykaç, Hakkı Süha, Hıfzı Tevfik Gönensay, M. Behçet Yazar ve Yahya Saim Ozanoğlu seçilmiş ve komisyon üyelerinin katılımı ile 25 Ağustos 1936 tarihi saat 10.00'da yapılan ilk komisyon toplantısında Fakihe Öymen komisyon başkanlığa seçilmiştir. İlmi komisyonlardan Kurultayda okunan ve bunlara ek olarak Genel Merkez Kurulunca kendilerine gönderilen tezleri incelemeleri ve sonuçları birer rapor ile Kurultaya bildirmeleri istenmiş olup Öymen başkanlığında yapılan 2 toplantı neticesinde komisyon raporu hazırlanmış ve oylamadan sonra Üçüncü Türk Dil Kurultayı Yüksek Başkanlığına sunulmuştur.

Milletvekilliği yaptığı 5., 6., 7. ve 8. Dönemler boyunca aynı zamanda Bütçe Komisyonu üyeliği yapmış, Seçim Tutanaklarını İnceleme Komisyonunda görev almış ve  bu süre zarfında TBMM Genel Kurulunda Kanun Tasarı ve Teklifleri Hakkında 6. dönemde 1, 8. dönemde 3, Meclis Soruşturması Önergeleri Hakkında 8. dönemde 1 konuşma yapmıştır. VI. dönemde, 25 Mayıs 1942 tarihinde TBMM Genel Kurulunda Maliye Vekâleti bütçesi münasebetiyle, VIII. Dönemde, 23 Haziran 1948 tarihinde TBMM Genel Kurulunda Van'da yaptırılan askeri hastane ve uçak alanı ile satın alınan kavurma işinde yolsuzluklardan Refik Saydam, Şükrü Saraçoğlu, Recep Peker ve Birinci Hasan Saka Kabinelerinde yer almış olan Milli Savunma Bakanları hakkında Meclis soruşturması yapılmasına dair olan önerge münasebetiyle, VIII. Dönemde, 24.02.1949 tarihinde TBMM Genel Kurulunda Maliye Bakanlığı 1949 yılı Bütçesi münasebetiyle, VIII. dönemde, 26.12.1949 tarihinde TBMM Genel Kurulunda Köy Enstitüsü mezunu öğretmenlerle Köy Sağlık memurlarının geçimlerini düzenlemek üzere 3803, 4274 ve 4459 sayılı kanunlara ek 5129 sayılı Kanunda değişiklik yapılması hakkında Kanun münasebetiyle ve son olarak VIII. dönemde, 23.03.1950 tarihinde TBMM Genel Kurulunda Köy Okulları ve Köy Enstitüleri Teşkilatına dair olan Kanuna bir madde eklenmesi hakkında Kanun münasebetiyle söz almıştır. Öymen Meclisteki bu konuşmalarının dışında, görev yaptığı süre içerisinde çeşitli kanun görüşmelerine katılmıştır.

Türk Maarif Cemiyetinin ilk başkanı İsmet İnönü (31 Ocak – 18 Nisan 1928) olup Fakihe Öymen de 24 Nisan 1941 ile 24 Nisan 1949 arasında başkanlık yapmış ve dernek başkanı olduğu dönemde ayrıca CHP Ankara Milletvekilliği görevini de sürdürmüştür. 1941-1949 yılları arasında Türk Eğitim Derneği başkanlığını yapmış olup Türk Tarih Kurumu, Türk Dil Kurumu, Türk Eğitim Derneği ve Türk Parlamenter Birliği'nin aktif bir üyesi olmuştur.

Özel hayatı ve ölümü
Mehmet Edip Bey ile evlenen ve İsmail Emil Edip adında bir oğlu olan Fakihe Öymen, 6  Nisan 1983'te 83 yaşında Ankara'da hayatını kaybetti. Cenazesi 9 Nisan'da Cebeci Asri Mezarlığı'na defnedildi.

Kaynakça
Özel

Genel
 Yaşar, Selman (2018). Basındaki Bilgiler Işığında, İlk Kadın Milletvekillerimizden Fakihe Öymen: Hayatı, Meclis'teki Çalışmaları. Ankara: İktisadi Kalkınma Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Derneği Yayınevi. ISBN 978-605-68667-9-1

1900 doğumlular
TBMM 5. dönem İstanbul milletvekilleri
TBMM 6. dönem İstanbul milletvekilleri
TBMM 7. dönem İstanbul milletvekilleri
TBMM 8. dönem Ankara milletvekilleri
İşkodra doğumlular
Türk öğretmenler
1983 yılında ölenler
TBMM Plan ve Bütçe Komisyonu
Türk kadın milletvekilleri
Cebeci Asri Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi mensubu siyasetçiler

Fakihe Öymen


Gerbrand Bakker ( es un escritor neerlandés. Ganó el Premio Literario Internacional IMPAC de Dublín en 2010 por su novela Boven is het stil traducida al inglés como The Twin (Todo está tranquilo arriba traducido por Julio Grande). Ha sido el primer escritor holandés en ganar este premio, el más lucrativo en lengua inglesa, con 100.000€ The Twin  se impuso a otros 155 títulos de más de 40 países para conseguir el premio.

Todo está tranquilo arriba ha sido traducida a más de 20 idiomas y ha obtenido el reconocimiento internacional y varios premios literarios, entre los cuales, el premio IMPAC cuyas nominaciones son realizadas por bibliotecas de todo el mundo, o tres premios diferentes en Francia concedidos por librerías.
Entre estos otros premios constan
 Prix du Roman des Lecteurs Nanterriens 2010
 Else Otten Preis 2010 para traducción de Andreas Ecke
 Premio Literario Internacional IMPAC de Dublín 2010
 Prix Initiales 2010
 Prix Millepages 2009
 Boekdelenprijs 2008
 Debutantenprijs 2006
 Gouden Ezelsoor 2006
 Best Book Cover 2006
 Premio Llibreter 2012

Los jueces del Premio IMPAC dijeron de su escritura que es "maravillosa: sobria y clara" y que Bakker "sobresale en el diálogo". Todo está tranquilo arriba también ha recibido elogios de J. M. Coetzee.

Carrera
En 2002 Bakker estaba de excursión por las montañas de vacaciones en Córcega cuando pensó en el libro por primera vez. Él pensó sobre la historia del hijo que podría "hacerle algo terrible a su padre" pero quedó "frustrado" cuando la idea no progresaba hasta que un día empezó a escribir de forma aleatoria. Boven is het stil fue publicado por primera vez en 2006 y The Twin le siguió en 2008. Gerbrand Bakker publica con Rayo Verde Editorial en marzo del 2012, su primera obra Boven is het stil traducida por Julio Grande y titulada Todo está tranquilo arriba.

Bibliotecas de Ámsterdam, La Haya, Utrecht y Eindhoven nominaron a The Twin (Todo está tranquilo arriba) para el Premio Literario Internacional IMPAC de Dublín. Bakker recibió el premio en Dublín el 17 de junio de 2010. Optó por no alargar el discurso y en su lugar puso la canción "¿Dónde está el sol?" en el original "Waar is de zon?", la canción participante por Holanda del Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión 1994 (que en aquel año fue también en Dublín). Fue la tercera obra novel consecutiva en ganar el premio, sucediendo a Man Gone Down y a De Niro's Game. Bakker habló de la necesidad de "descansar por un rato" cuando le anunciaron que era el ganador y dijo "es maravilloso". David Colmer tradujo el libro desde su original holandés hacia el inglés y recibió 25.000€ del dinero del premio por su trabajo. Bakker atribuye a Colmer que le ayudara "a darse cuenta de que era un libro, y que yo soy un escritor". En ese momento él planeaba comprar un caballo gris holandés con su dinero ya que "simplemente adoro esas grandes bestias". The Irish Times La crítica literaria, Eileen Battersby, dijo que la victoria de Bakker era "significativa a varios niveles", haciendo notar que dos grandes novelas chinas ni siquiera habían avanzado en la lista.

The Twin fue la primera obra de Bakker para adultos. Entre sus otros trabajos están la novela Pear Trees Blossom White. y su segunda novela The Queen's Visit, la cual gozó de mucho éxito en Alemania y fue rápidamente sucedida por su obra The Detour, que recibió grandes reseñas y opiniones de la prensa, libreros y lectores. En España ha sido premiada con el Premio Llibreter 2012, otorgado por el gremio de Libreros.

Gerbrand Bakker también escribe columnas de opinión para una revista holandesa y coescribe un programa de televisión para niños llamado Ted and Ed. También es coeditor del Diccionario etimológico del holandés que será publicado en cuatro o cinco volúmenes por la Amsterdam University Press.

Intereses
Bakker es jardinero de profesión. Dice que la jardinería y escribir "funcionan muy bien juntos". Bakker también trabaja como instructor de skating durante el invierno.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 "The story of a man who never got to live" - The Irish Times
 Gerbrand Bakker en Uitgeverij Cossee su editorial (inglés)
 Su blog (holandés)
 "Cómo sobrevivir a un hermano gemelo" Entrevista a Gerbrand Bakker  - [El País]

Escritores de los Países Bajos del siglo XXI
Alumnado de la Universidad de Groninga

Gerbrand Bakker


Alícantehérað er hérað í austurhluta Spánar í suðurhluta Valensía sjálfstjórnarsvæðisins. Alícantehérað heitir eftir höfuðborginni Alícante.

Stærstu borgir innan Alicantehéraðs eru Alícante, Elche, Torrevieja, Benidorm, Alcoy, Elda og San Vicente del Raspeig. Alícantehérað er það hérað á Spáni þar sem stærst hlutfall íbúa eru útlendingar eða um 23.6 % af heildarfólksfjölda.

Norður- og miðvesturhluti Alícantehéraðs er fjalllendi. Suðurhluti er flatlendur, þar er svæðið Vega Baja del Segura. Strandlengjan nær frá tindinum Cap de la Nau í norðri næstum að Mar Menor í suðri.

Fáar stórar ár eru í Alícantehéraði en mikið af þurrum árfarvegum (ramblas) þar sem vatn eingöngu flæðir eftir í úrhellisrigningum. Einu markverðu árnar eru Vinalopó, Sepis og Segura. Saltvötn og fenjasvæði eru meðfram ströndinni eins og í El Fondo þjóðgarðinum og það sem áður var votlendi en nú salttjarnir í Santa Pola og Torrevieja. Þessi votlendissvæði eru mikilvægt búsvæði sjó- og vatnafugla og viðkomustaður farfugla.

Alíkantehérað

Alícantehérað


Hideaki Ozawa (født 17. marts 1974) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Kashima Antlers, FC Tokyo og Albirex Niigata.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Hideaki Ozawa


يعد مرض أنفلونزا الخيول أو النَزْلَةُ الخَيلِيَّة  اختصاراً (horse flu) هو مرض ناجم عن سلالات من الإنفلونزا أ. يعد من اخطر الامراض التي قد تصيب الخيول وعادة يكون المرض قاتل وخلال عام 2008 أصيبت عدة آلاف من الخيول المصرية في محافظات الإسكندرية والقاهرة والجيزة والشرقية والقليوبية وأسوان بإنفلونزا الخيول، فهل يمكن أن يصاب الإنسان بإنفلونزا الخيول؟ وهل تظهر أعراض مرضية في هذه الحالة؟ وهل تصاب أنواع أخرى من الحيوانات بإنفلونزا الخيول؟ وهل ينتقل فيروس المرض بين الحصان والإنسان وباقي أنواع الحيوانات؟

الإجابة معقدة قليلاً، فالمرض بالتأكيد يصيب الخيول والبغال والحمير والجمال والحمير المخططة، وفي عام 2004 تأكد لأول مرة أنه يصيب الكلاب (كراوفورد وآخرون 2005 – الولايات المتحدة) وذلك نتيجة لحدوث تحور في جينات الفيروس يُعتقد أنه حدث في عام 1999 وخلال سنوات قليلة انتشر الفيروس بين الكلاب في أكثر من 12 ولاية أمريكية، وبالنظر إلى انتشار عادة تربية الكلاب الأليفة بالمنازل في الولايات المتحدة فهناك قلق حقيقي من انتشار الفيروس الجديد بين أكثر من 50 مليون كلب أليف، المثير للقلق حقاً أنه أصبح ينتقل بين الكلاب مباشرة وهي سابقة منذرة بالخطر في حالة حدوث تحور لأي من فيروسات الإنفلونزا الأخرى بحيث ينتقل الفيروس من نوع إلى نوع آخر، وذلك خلافاً لما حدث في حالة فيروس إنفلونزا الطيور من النوع H5N1 حيث لا زالت كل الإصابات البشرية تتم عن طريق الاختلاط المباشر بالطيور المصابة أو الحاملة للفيروس.

أما في حالة الإنسان، في خلال أكثر من أربعين عاما منذ تم التعرف وعزل فيروسات إنفلونزا الخيول، لم تسجل إصابة بشرية واحدة نتيجة للاختلاط بالخيول حتى الآن، غير أنه تم رصد أجسام مضادة لفيروس إنفلونزا الخيول في دماء البشر المخالطين لخيول مصابة بالمرض، وفي المقابل تم رصد أجسام مضادة للإنفلونزا البشرية في دماء الخيول، بما يعني أن فيروسات الإنفلونزا البشرية من ثلاثة أنواع هي A(H1N1) A(H3N2) والنوع B دخلت أجسام الخيول واستثارت جهازها المناعي لتصنيع أجسام مضادة أمكن قياس معدلاتها، أيضاً دون ظهور أعراض مرضية على هذه الخيول (أولالاي 1999 - نيجيريا، مانسيني 2006 – البرازيل)، فمن سيكون أشد خطراً على الآخر الإنسان أم الحصان؟

إنفلونزا الخيول مرض قديم شديد العدوى سريع الانتشار تم التعرف على أعراضه منذ القرن الثامن عشر، وسببه فيروسات إنفلونزا الخيول من النوع A، ومنها نوعان الأول H7N7 وقد تم عزله لأول مرة سنة 1956، والثاني H3N8 وقد تم عزله لأول مرة سنة 1963، والمرض متوطن في كل دول العالم تقريباً، ماعدا نيوزلندا وأيسلندا، ويظهر على شكل وباء كل عدة سنوات غالبا نتيجة دخول حصان حامل لأحد فيروسات إنفلونزا الخيول ولا تظهر عليه أعراض مرضية إلى تجمع من الخيول تفتقر إلى المناعة ضد هذا الفيروس، أو نتيجة تحور في جينات الفيروس تجعله مختلفاً فلا يتعرف عليه الجهاز المناعي رغم التحصين.

تحدث العدوى في أي وقت من السنة ولا يوجد فصل تزيد فيه فرصة حدوث الوباء مثل الحال في إنفلونزا البشر مثلاً، وتتراوح فترة الحضانة من يوم إلى خمسة أيام، وتتراوح نسبة الإصابة بالمرض من 60% إلى 90% في الخيول غير المحصنة ولم تتعرض للفيروس من قبل، وتتراوح نسبة الوفيات في الخيول المريضة من 1 إلى 10% ونادراً ما تصل إلى 20% وتزيد عموماً بين الأمهار الصغيرة والخيول المسنّة والضعيفة والحمير.

التشخيص

الأعراض السريرية تبدأ دائماً بارتفاع درجة الحرارة إلى 39 – 41 درجة مئوية، وأحيانا تتعدى 41 درجة (درجة حرارة الحصان الطبيعي 38.5 درجة مئوية) لمدة تتراوح من يوم إلى ثلاثة أيام، وخمول عام وضعف الشهية للطعام أثناء ارتفاع الحرارة لأكثر من 40 درجة، وسعال جاف ورشح مائي من الأنف يتغير لونه إلى الأصفر بعد عدة أيام، وقليلاً ما يظهر تورم العقد اللمفاوية بالوجه وتحت الفكين، بعض الخيول تعاني بشدة أو لفترة زمنية أطول من غيرها، ونادراً ما يظهر مغص أو تورم بالأرجل وكيس الصفن، لكن أغلب الخيول تشفى خلال أسبوعين أو ثلاثة أسابيع دون حدوث مضاعفات. وقد تعاني الأمهار الصغيرة والخيول المسنّة والضعيفة من صعوبة التنفس وتيبس الأطراف.

تنتشر العدوى عن طريق استنشاق الرذاذ المتطاير من الحصان المريض أثناء السعال والرشح، كذلك عن طريق أدوات تقديم الطعام والماء للخيول والأغطية والسروج التي تستعمل لأكثر من حصان، كذلك يمكن انتقال المرض على أيدي وملابس وأحذية العاملين والمخالطين للخيول المريضة، كذلك في سيارات نقل الخيول، وحيث أن المرض شديد العدوى سريع الانتشار، لذا من الضروري وبسرعة عزل الخيول المريضة وألا يسمح لها بالانتقال أو الاتصال بالخيول الأخرى، وكل الخيول السليمة التي خالطت خيولا مريضة لابد من عزلها وألا يسمح لها بالانتقال أو الاتصال ثانية بخيول أخرى حيث ينشر الحصان المريض فيروسات الأنفلونزا، أثناء فترة الحضانة، ولفترة قد تصل إلى أربعة عشر يوماً من بدء ظهور الأعراض.

والفيروس عموما ضعيف وتقتله أشعة الشمس والحرارة والصابون والكحول تركيز 70% وأغلب المطهرات المحتوية على اليود أو الكلورزيلينول أو الكلورهيكسيدين، غير أن الفيروس يستطيع البقاء حياً لعدة أيام في الماء وليوم واحد في التراب.

العلاج

لا يوجد علاج فعال لإنفلونزا الخيول، لكن يجب استشارة الطبيب البيطري للكشف على الجهاز التنفسي للحصان ووصف العلاج الملائم مثل أدوية خفض الحرارة ومضادات الالتهاب ومهدئات السعال، كذلك لوصف المضادات الحيوية المناسبة في حالة حدوث المضاعفات الناتجة عن العدوى البكتيرية الثانوية مثل الالتهابات الرئوية، أو في حالة استمرار ارتفاع الحرارة لأكثر من ثلاثة أو أربعة أيام.

الوقاية

وللوقاية من المضاعفات مثل الالتهاب الرئوي والتهاب غشاء التامور (غشاء عضلة القلب) فإن العلاج يعتمد أساسا على الراحة التامة لفترة لا تقل عن أربعة أسابيع وإبقاء الحصان في بيئة صحية نظيفة أثناء وبعد اختفاء الأعراض السريرية، بالإضافة إلى الأدوية التي ينصح بها الطبيب المعالج وذلك لإعطاء فرصة كافية لإعادة تكوين الغشاء المبطّن للقنوات التنفسية العليا والذي يمثل أحد خطوط الدفاع ضد الميكروبات المسببة للالتهابات الرئوية.

هناك عدد من اللقاحات التجارية ضد فيروس إنفلونزا الخيول تمنع ظهور الأعراض المرضية ولكنها لا تمنع الإصابة بالفيروس ونشره بين الخيول غير المحصنة، وتنقسم أنواع لقاحات إنفلونزا الخيول إلى نوع ميت يتم حقنه في عضلات الرقبة، ونوع حي مستضعف يتم رشه داخل الأنف، وتنعقد سنوياً لجنة من الخبراء لمراجعة أنواع فيروسات إنفلونزا الخيول التي تم عزلها وتصنيفها من أنحاء العالم، ثم إصدار توصية بمواصفات اللقاح القادر على مقاومة أنواع الفيروسات الجديدة وحتى تتمكن شركات إنتاج اللقاحات من إنتاج لقاح قادر على حماية الخيول من الفيروس المستمر في التحور تقريباً كل عامين أو ثلاثة.

ويتم التحصين بإعطاء الحصان جرعة أولى وبعد أربعة أسابيع جرعة منشطة، ويصبح الحصان محصناً بعد أسبوع آخر وتكرر الجرعات المنشطة كل ستة شهور في الحالات المعرضة أكثر للمرض، أو اثنا عشر شهراً في الحالات الأقل تعرضاً لاحتمالات الإصابة بالمرض، أما الفرسات العشار (الحوامل) فيفضل تكرار الجرعة المنشطة من أربعة إلى ستة أسابيع قبل ميعاد الولادة، أما الأمهار فلا يتم تحصينها أول مرة قبل بلوغها عمر ستة شهور ثم جرعة منشطة بعد شهر وتكرر بعد ذلك كالمعتاد في الخيول البالغة، وفي كل الأحوال يجب إتباع تعليمات الشركة المصنّعة بدقة.

في كل دول العالم تشترط الجهات المسؤولة إثبات تحصين الخيول ضد مرض الإنفلونزا قبل السماح لها بالمشاركة في المسابقات الرياضية أو مسابقات الجمال، وفي أغلب دول العالم يتم تعطيل سباقات ورياضات الخيول لفترة تتراوح بين عدة أسابيع إلى عدة شهور بعد ظهور آخر حالة مرضية، كما تتأثر سلباً كل أنواع الرياضات المتصلة بالخيول مثل السباق، القدرة والتحمل، قفز الحواجز، الترويض، البولو وغيرها.

انظر أيضًا

 إنفلونزا الطيور
 إنفلونزا

المراجع

أمراض الخيل
إنفلونزا
علم الفيروسات الحيوانية
لقاحات حيوانية

إنفلونزا الخيول


Synsepalum, biljni rod iz porodice zapotovki. Postoji tridesetak vrsta drveća i grmlja koji rastu po tropskoj Africi

Poznatija vrsta je miracolina, poznata kao čudesno voće.

Vrste

 Synsepalum afzelii (Engl.) T.D.Penn.
 Synsepalum aubrevillei (Pellegr.) Aubrév. & Pellegr.
 Synsepalum batesii (A.Chev.) Aubrév. & Pellegr.
 Synsepalum bequaertii De Wild.
 Synsepalum brenanii (Heine) T.D.Penn.
 Synsepalum brevipes (Baker) T.D.Penn.
 Synsepalum buluensis (Greves) ined.
 Synsepalum carrieanum (Dubard) Pierre ex ined.
 Synsepalum cerasiferum (Welw.) T.D.Penn.
 Synsepalum chimanimani S.Rokni & I.Darbysh.
 Synsepalum congolense Lecomte
 Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Daniell
 Synsepalum fleuryanum A.Chev.
 Synsepalum gabonense (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) T.D.Penn.
 Synsepalum kassneri (Engl.) T.D.Penn.
 Synsepalum lastoursvillense (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) ined.
 Synsepalum laurentii (De Wild.) D.J.Harris
 Synsepalum letestui Aubrév. & Pellegr.
 Synsepalum letouzei Aubrév.
 Synsepalum msolo (Engl.) T.D.Penn.
 Synsepalum muelleri (Kupicha) T.D.Penn.
 Synsepalum ntimii W.D.Hawth.
 Synsepalum nyangense (Pellegr.) McPhersen & J.T.White
 Synsepalum ogouense (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) ined.
 Synsepalum ovatostipulatum (De Wild.) ined.
 Synsepalum oyemense (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) ined.
 Synsepalum passargei (Engl.) T.D.Penn.
 Synsepalum pobeguinianum (Dubard) Aké Assi & L.Gaut.
 Synsepalum revolutum (Baker) T.D.Penn.
 Synsepalum seretii (De Wild.) T.D.Penn.
 Synsepalum stipulatum (Radlk.) Engl.
 Synsepalum subcordatum De Wild.
 Synsepalum subverticillatum (E.A.Bruce) T.D.Penn.
 Synsepalum tomentosum (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) ined.
 Synsepalum tsounkpe Aubrév. & Pellegr.
 Synsepalum ulugurense (Engl.) Engl.
 Synsepalum zenkeri Aubrév. & Pellegr.

Izvori

Zapotovke

Synsepalum


A Wilson Brothers & Company foi uma importante empresa de arquitetura e engenharia da era vitoriana estabelecida na Filadélfia, Pensilvânia. A empresa foi reconhecida por sua expertise estrutural. Os irmãos projetaram e contribuíram com obras de engenharia para centenas de pontes, estações ferroviárias e edifícios industriais em todo os Estados Unidos, incluindo os edifícios principais da Exposição do Centenário de 1876. Eles também projetaram igrejas, hospitais, escolas, hotéis e residências particulares. Entre suas principais obras sobreviventes estão a Pennsylvania Railroad, a Connecting Railway Bridge acima da Schuylkill River (1866–67), o edifício principal da Drexel University (1888–91) e o galpão de trens do Reading Terminal (1891–93), todos na Filadélfia.

História

Os fundadores da empresa foram Joseph Miller Wilson (1838-1902), arquiteto e engenheiro civil, John Allston Wilson (1837-96), engenheiro civil, e Frederick Godfrey Thorn (C. 1837-1911), arquiteto e engenheiro civil. O irmão mais novo Henry W. Wilson (1844-1910), engenheiro civil, ingressou na empresa em 1886 e foi promovido a sócio em 1899. Todos os três irmãos Wilson participaram Instituto Politécnico Rensselaer em Troy, NY. José também estudou metalurgia no Universidade da Pensilvânia nos Estados Unidos.

Joseph trabalhou no departamento de construção da Ferrovia Da Pensilvânia (PRR) de 1860 a 1876, projetando pontes e estruturas ferroviárias, incluindo várias estações de principal. Para uma subsidiária da PRR, ele projetou o Baltimore & Potomac Railroad Terminal de passageiros em Washington, DC (1873-77, demolido em 1908), a estação em que o Presidente dos EUA James A. Garfield foi assassinado em 1881. O Galeria Nacional de arte agora ocupa seu local na 6th Street & Constitution Avenue no National Mall. John fez trabalhos de engenharia para várias ferrovias, incluindo o PRR e o Reading Railroad. A Wilson Brothers & Company foi fundada em 1 de janeiro de 1876.

Para a Exposição do Centenário de 1876, Henry Petit e Joseph M. Wilson co-projetaram o Edifício Principal da Exposição - o maior edifício do mundo,  de comprimento e cerca de 21-1/2 acres. A dupla também projetou o Machinery Hall e supervisionou a construção dos outros edifícios principais. Joseph foi co-autor de uma história em 3 volumes da Feira Mundial da Filadélfia.

A comissão de Joseph para o Hospital Presbiteriano da Filadélfia (1874) pode estar relacionada ao trabalho posterior em igrejas presbiterianas, lares de idosos e um orfanato. O extenso trabalho da empresa para o financiador Anthony J. Drexel, o cidadão mais rico da cidade e católico romano, pode ter levado a encomendas subsequentes para conventos e hospitais católicos. Na Filadélfia, a empresa projetou a sede da Baldwin Locomotive Works (anterior a 1885, demolida); e, em Beach Haven, NJ, o Baldwin Hotel (1883, queimado em 1960), a Holy Innocents Episcopal Church (1881–82) e várias casas de verão para executivos da sua empresa.

Em 1881, o PRR contratou a empresa para projetar seu principal terminal de passageiros na Broad & Filbert Streets em Center City Philadelphia, diretamente a oeste da Prefeitura. Este foi um dos primeiros edifícios com estrutura de aço na América a usar alvenaria não como uma estrutura, mas como uma parede cortina (como fazem os arranha-céus). A estação era amplamente admirada; 15% dos arquitetos em uma pesquisa de 1885 votaram nele como um dos "Dez Melhores Edifícios dos Estados Unidos". Onze anos depois, a estação Gothic Revival dos irmãos Wilson foi incorporada à estação Broad Street, muito maior de Frank Furness. Os Wilsons projetaram seu novo galpão de trem, na época (1892), o maior galpão de trem de vão único do mundo inteiro.

Em 1885, os Wilsons projetaram uma casa bancária de 2 andares e teto alto para a Drexel & Company, na esquina sudeste da 5th & Chestnut Streets na Filadélfia. Quatro anos depois, a Drexel desejava expandir, mas o vizinho Banco Nacional da Independência recusou-se a vender. Em resposta, Joseph Wilson projetou o Drexel Building, um anexo de 10 andares em forma de H que cercava o Independence National Bank nos lados leste, oeste e sul, privando permanentemente o vizinho da luz solar. A adição de esqueleto de ferro foi construída no topo da casa bancária de Drexel e foi um dos primeiros exemplos de X-bracing. Um dos edifícios demolidos para isso foi o Library Hall, a sede da Library Company of Philadelphia, que foi projetada por William Thornton (1789–91). Em uma irônica reviravolta nos acontecimentos, o próprio Drexel Building foi demolido em 1959, e uma réplica do Library Hall foi construída em seu local original pela American Philosophical Society (sociedade americana filosófica).

Após a morte dos dois irmãos mais velhos, a empresa continuou como Wilson, Harris e Richards.

Lista de projetos

Pensilvânia

Ferrovia da Pensilvânia

 Estrada de ferro da Pensilvânia, conectando a ponte ferroviária sobre o rio Schuylkill, Filadélfia, PA (atribuída a John A. Wilson, engenheiro) (1866–67) (alterado em 1915)
 Estação Bryn Mawr, Bryn Mawr, PA (1869, demolida em 1963)
 Estação Wynnewood, Wynnewood, PA (1870)
 Estação de Haverford, Haverford, PA (c. 1870) (algumas fontes afirmam que foi construída em 1880)
 Bryn Mawr Hotel, Bryn Mawr, PA (1871, queimado em 1889, substituído pelo hotel Frank Furness de 1890)
 Ardmore Station, Ardmore, PA (pré-1874, demolida)
 Broad Street Station, Filadélfia, PA (1881, expandida por Frank Furness 1892–93, demolida em 1953)
 Estação Ferroviária Wayne, Jct. de N. Wayne Ave. e Station Rd. Wayne, Pensilvânia (1884), listado pela NRHP.
 Pensilvânia Railroad Bridge sobre o rio Delaware, Trenton, NJ (pré-1885, demolida)
 Pensilvânia Railroad Bridge sobre o rio Susquehanna, a oeste de Harrisburg, PA (pré-1885, demolida)
 Barracão de trem para a expansão da Broad Street Station, Filadélfia, PA (1892, queimada em 1923).

Edifícios Filadélfia

 Reading Railroad Overpass (John A. Wilson, engenheiro) (1871)
 Estação de bombeamento de Spring Garden, East River Drive, Fairmount Park (Joseph M. Wilson, arquiteto) (pré-1874, demolido)
 Hospital Presbiteriano (Joseph M. Wilson, arquiteto) (1874, demolido)
 Alterações na casa de Joseph D. Potts (Joseph M. Wilson, arquiteto) (1876), formalmente WXPN-FM, e agora a University of Pennsylvania Press
 AJ Holman and Company, 1222–26 Arch St. (1881), listado no NRHP.
 Igreja Episcopal de St. Andrew, agora Igreja Episcopal de St. Andrew e
 Casa Presbiteriana para Casais e Homens Idosos (pré-1885, demolida em 2006)
 Drexel & Company Banking House, esquina SE 5th & Chestnut Sts. (1885, ampliado em 1889, demolido em 1959).
 Drexel Institute of Technology, agora edifício principal, Drexel University (1888-1891)
 Lar para mulheres indigentes, agora Ralston House (1889)
 Escola para Surdos da Pensilvânia, 7500 Germantown Ave. (1890), listado pela NRHP.
 Mansão Drexel de George W. Child (1891), agora fraternidade Alpha Tau Omega, Universidade da Pensilvânia
 Reading Terminal Trainshed (1891–93), listado pela NRHP.
 Edifício de escritórios de médicos e dentistas, 1830–32 Chestnut Street (1896), listado pelo NRHP.
 Philadelphia Commercial Museum (1897–99, demolido)
 Edifício de escritórios da United Gas Improvement Company (1898)
 Prédio do título de propriedade, 608–10 Chestnut Street (1899)
 Wayne Junction Station (Reading Railroad), 4481 Wayne Avenue (1899–1900), listado na NRHP.

Exposição do Centenário de 1876

 Memorial Hall (Herman Schwarzmann, arquiteto; Joseph M. Wilson, engenheiro) (1875–76)
 Edifício Principal de Exposições (Henry Petit, arquiteto; Joseph M. Wilson, engenheiro) (1875–76, desmontado e vendido em 1881)
 Machinery Hall (Henry Petit, arquiteto; Joseph M. Wilson, engenheiro) (1875–76, desmontado e vendido em 1881)

Outros edifícios da Pensilvânia

 Central Railroad of New Jersey Station, Jim Thorpe, PA (1888), listado no NRHP.
 Hospital Estadual para Insanos, Norristown, PA (1878–1880)
 Reading Railroad Station, Lebanon, Pensilvânia (1900), listado pela NRHP.
 Central Railroad of New Jersey Freight Station, 602 W. Lackawanna Ave Scranton, PA (1891), listado no NRHP.
 Renovação da estação de Morton em 1880 (orig.1867). Acredita-se que o projeto tenha sido inspirado na Estação Glen Mills, na West Chester Railroad.
 Estação de passageiros e carga de Quakertown, Front and East Broad Sts. Quakertown, PA (1889), listado pela NRHP.
 "Chetwynd" (casa de John H. Converse), Lancaster Pike, Rosemont, PA (1882–83, expandido em 1887 e 1890, demolido). A Converse era parceira da Baldwin Locomotive Works.

Edifícios fora da Pensilvânia

Nova Jersey

 Baldwin Hotel, Beach Haven, NJ (1883, queimado em 1960)
 Casa do Dr. Edward H. Williams, 506 S. Atlantic Ave. Beach Haven, NJ (1886), listado no NRHP. Agora Williams Cottage Inn.
 Converse Cottage, 504 Atlantic Ave. Beach Haven, NJ (1890), listado pela NRHP.
 Holy Innocents Episcopal Church, Beach Haven, NJ (1881–82), agora Long Beach Island Museum. Parte do distrito histórico de Beach Haven.
 Estação Tuckahoe, Avenida Ferroviária. Tuckahoe, NJ (1894), listado pelo NRHP.

Nova Iorque

 Estação Ferroviária de Milton, 41 Dock Rd. Milton, NY (1883), listado no NRHP.
 Observatório Astronômico, Academia Militar dos EUA, West Point, NY (pré-1885)
 St. Hubert's Inn, St. Huberts, NY (1890), agora Ausable Club, Adirondack Mountain Reserve. Listado pela NRHP

Virgínia

 Union Station Train Shed, Richmond, VA (1900) no Levantamento de Edifícios Históricos Americanos
 Observatório Leander McCormick, 600 McCormick Rd. Charlottesville, VA (1884, com Warner & Swasey; Spooner), listado no NRHP.
 Main Street Station, Richmond, Virginia (1901) (como Wilson, Harris e Richards)

Vermont

 Biblioteca Pública Norman Williams, Woodstock, VT (1883–1884)
 Williams Science Hall, Universidade de Vermont, Burlington, VT, (1894–96).

Illinois

 Laboratórios Riverbank, 1512 Batavia Ave. Geneva, IL (1912), listado pela NRHP.
 Genebra, Illinois: Edifícios no Distrito Histórico Central de Genebra e no Distrito Histórico Norte de Genebra.

Outros locais

 Baltimore & Potomac Railroad Passenger Terminal (6th Street Station), Washington, DC (1873–77, demolido em 1908)
 Stewart Hall, campus da West Virginia University Morgantown, WV (1900–02), listado no NRHP.
 Edifício Elliott, 1401 Woodward Ave. Detroit, Michigan (1894): Edifício no distrito histórico da Lower Woodward Avenue.

Ligações externas

 Wilson Brothers & Company, um catálogo de trabalhos executados (Filadélfia: Lippincott, 1885).
 Lista de Projetos – Wilson Brothers & Company – no Philadelphia Architects and Buildings

Empresas de engenharia dos Estados Unidos
Ferrovias

Wilson Brothers & Company


was a district located in Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district had an estimated population of 17,827 with a density of 40.98 persons per km2. The total area was 435.03 km2.

Towns and villages
Hon'yabakei
Sankō
Yabakei
Yamakuni

Mergers
On March 1, 2005 - the towns of Hon'yabakei, Yabakei and Yamakuni, and the village of Sankō were merged into the expanded city of Nakatsu. Shimoge District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

Former districts of Ōita Prefecture

Shimoge District, Ōita


España en este año hizo uso de una selección interna organizada por la cadena nacional de TVE. Después de mucha especulación por los medios de comunicación españoles, se reveló oficialmente que Las Ketchup representarán a España con la canción "Un Bloody Mary", que también fue el nombre de su próximo álbum. "Un Bloody Mary" tiene un ritmo tranquilo con elementos del flamenco. La canción está escrita y compuesta por Manuel Ruiz Gómez (Queco), el hombre que también produjo la canción "Brujería", de Son de Sol.

Las Ketchup es un grupo español que ahora se compone de cuatro hermanas llamadas Pilar, Lola, Lucía y Rocío Muñoz. Provenientes de Córdoba. Su primer álbum fue titulado Las Hijas del Tomate, que contenía su gran éxito internacional, "Aserejé".

Entre los temas, que posteriormente se conocieron que estuvieron siendo barajados para representar al festival, estuvieron "Que no daría yo" de la cantante Rebeca y "A ti" de La década prodigiosa que posteriormente ganaría el Festival de Benidorm 2006.

Véase también
  España en el Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión

Referencias

España en Eurovisión
Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión 2006
Televisión de España en 2006
Música en España en 2006

España en el Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión 2006


Einsiedel ist ein Ortsteil von Masserberg im Landkreis Hildburghausen in Thüringen.

Lage
Einsiedel liegt 530–550 Meter über NN am mittleren Lauf der Biber an der südwestlichen Abdachung vom Thüringer Wald. Einsiedel lag einst an der Handelsstraße nach oder von Nürnberg.

Geschichte

Am 1. Januar 1307 wurde der Ort erstmals urkundlich genannt. Das Dorf weist 1597 nach. 1853 befanden sich im Ort zwölf Wohnhäuser mit 16 Familien und 72 Personen. Sie hatten 30 Stück Vieh. Es gab ein Wirtshaus, eine Mahlmühle und zwei Schneidemühlen. Armut herrschte. 1800 wurde der Glockenturm aus Holz gebaut. 1912 gab es eine Schule. 1974/75 erfolgte die Eingemeindung nach Heubach. 1997 wurde Heubach zusammen mit Einsiedel Bestandteil der Einheitsgemeinde Masserberg. Erst seit 2001 ist Einsiedel ein eigenständiger Ortsteil Masserbergs. Ende 2013 wohnten 101 Einwohner im Ortsteil. Die Zahl der Feriengäste nimmt zu.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Ort im Landkreis Hildburghausen
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Hildburghausen)
Geographie (Masserberg)
Ersterwähnung 1307
Gemeindeauflösung 1974

Einsiedel (Masserberg)


Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (în ), abreviat KU Leuven, este o universitate de educație și cercetare. Acoperă domeniile științe naturale, inginerie, științe umaniste, medicină, științe juridice, științe sociale. Cu 65.188 de studenți înscriși în anul universitar 2021–2022, KU Leuven este cea mai mare universitate din Belgia și Țările de Jos și este clasificată printre primele 100 universități din lume.

Vechea universitate catolică din Leuven a fost fondată în anul 1425. Succesoarea ei s-a scindat în 1968 în actuala Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, neerlandofonă, și Université catholique de Louvain, francofonă.

Deși este catolică prin tradiție și moștenirea istorică, KU Leuven operează în prezent independent de biserica catolică. În trecut, KU Leuven accepta numai studenți catolici, dar în prezent este accesibilă studenților de diferite credințe.

Note

Legături externe

  KU Leuven: History of KU Leuven / KU Leuven, zes eeuwen geschiedenis
 International Ranking of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (2008)

Universități din Belgia
Fondări în 1425
Fondări în 1968
Universități catolice
Leuven

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven


Dennis Turner, Baron Bilston (26 August 1942 – 25 February 2014) was a British Labour Co-operative politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Wolverhampton South East from 1987 to 2005.

Early life
Turner was born in Bradley in the Black Country and lived there his entire life. He was the son of Thomas Herbert Turner and Mary Elizabeth Peasley. He was educated at Stonefield Secondary Modern School (now South Wolverhampton and Bilston Academy) on Prosser Street in Bilston and Bilston College of Further Education (now part of City of Wolverhampton College), worked as a market trader and steelworker, and later ran a social club. He was a strong trades unionist. He was one of the youngest-ever councillors on Wolverhampton Council from 1966, rising through the ranks to become deputy leader for seven years. He was Director of Springvale Co-operative Leisure Centre. He was on West Midlands County Council from 1973–86.

Parliamentary career
Turner contested Halesowen and Stourbridge in the February and October general elections in 1974.

He was elected member of Parliament for Wolverhampton South East at the 1987 general election. He never held high office, serving as an opposition whip then as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Clare Short at the Department for International Development. He also campaigned on issues of Fairtrade and further education, and chaired the Commons Catering Committee. He chaired the Co-op Parliamentary Group for two years and the West Midlands group of Labour MPs. He once introduced a private member's bill seeking to make clear in law the correct amount of froth at the top of a pint of beer.

Turner stepped down from Parliament at the 2005 general election; he announced his retirement at a very late stage, citing an impending lung operation on a collapsed diaphragm. Pat McFadden was selected to replace him.

On 13 May 2005 it was announced that he would be created a life peer, and on 20 June 2005 the title was created as Baron Bilston, of Bilston in the County of West Midlands. Turner later revealed that this choice of title was a mistake, and he had intended to take the title Baron Turner of Bilston.

Personal life
Lord Bilston was a Distinguished Supporter of the British Humanist Association.

He married Patricia Narroway in 1976 and had a son and a daughter.

Lord Bilston died in Wolverhampton on 25 February 2014, aged 71.

References

External links
 They Work For You
 Ask Aristotle
 Wolverhampton University Honorary Doctorate 2006

1942 births
2014 deaths
British humanists
Councillors in the West Midlands (county)
Councillors in Wolverhampton
Bilston
Labour Co-operative MPs for English constituencies
People from Bilston
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
Labour Party (UK) councillors
Life peers created by Elizabeth II

Dennis Turner


The Ulster Popular Unionist Party (UPUP) was a unionist political party in Northern Ireland. It was founded in 1980 by James Kilfedder, independent Unionist Member of Parliament for North Down, who led the party until his death in 1995. For a brief period in 1980, it was known as the Ulster Progressive Unionist Party before it adopted the "Popular" name.

History
In the 1981 Northern Ireland local elections, the party took three seats on North Down Borough Council and two seats on Ards Borough Council. Two of these were in North Down 'Area B', where sitting councillor George Green, a former Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party member who had been elected to the 1975 Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention, had joined the party. The other, Gladys McIntyre, was Mayor of Ards in 1985-86.

Kilfedder won a seat for the party in North Down at the 1982 Northern Ireland Assembly election. Only a minority of his votes transferred to his running mate, George Green, who missed out on taking a second seat by just six votes. Kilfedder was subsequently elected Speaker of the Assembly.

Kilfedder held his seat in the UK Parliament at the 1983 general election with a large majority, but fared less well when he stood in the 1984 European election, taking only 2.9% of the first preference votes. A unionist pact enabled Kilfedder to easily win a by-election in 1986, when he joined the other unionist MPs in resigning in protest at the Anglo-Irish Agreement. A challenge from Bob McCartney, who stood as a "Real Unionist", led to a close election in 1987 that Kilfedder ultimately won. He then beat a Conservative Party opponent in 1992.

The party was reduced to three councillors in 1985, and remained at this level until Kilfedder's death in 1995. George Green had defected to the Conservative Party before 1989 but the party compensated by gaining a seat in the Dundonald area of Castlereagh. Following Kilfedder's death, the three UPUP councillors went their separate ways, Valerie Kinghan to the newly formed UK Unionist Party. Thomas Jeffers to the Democratic Unionist Party and Cecil Braniff setting up a short-lived independent DUP. No party member contested the North Down by-election resulting from his death.

Electoral performance

UK general elections

Northern Ireland Assembly elections

European Parliament elections

Local elections

References

1980 establishments in Northern Ireland
1995 disestablishments in Northern Ireland
Defunct political parties in Northern Ireland
History of Northern Ireland
Ulster unionist organisations
Political parties established in 1980
Political parties disestablished in 1995

Ulster Popular Unionist Party


براڤو  هو أول برنامج لإعداد المستندات بنمط ما تراه هو ما تحصل عليه، من تطوير Xerox PARC في 1974، وكان يعمل على الحاسوب المكتبي زيروكس ألتو، أنتجه باتلر لامبسون، تشارلز سيمونيي في زيروكس بارك.

معالجات كلمات
زيروكس

براڤو


Dugdale ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Adam Dugdale (* 1987), englischer Fußballspieler
 Alan Dugdale (* 1952), englischer Fußballspieler
 Dan Dugdale (1864–1934), US-amerikanischer Baseballspieler
 Florence Dugdale (1879–1937), britische Schriftstellerin
 Guy Dugdale (1905–1982), britischer Bobfahrer
 James Dugdale, 2. Baron Crathorne (* 1939), britischer Adliger und Geschäftsmann
 Jimmy Dugdale (1932–2008), englischer Fußballspieler

 Ken Dugdale (* 1950), englischer Fußballspieler und -trainer
 Kezia Dugdale (* 1981), schottische Politikerin
 Mark Dugdale (* 1974), US-amerikanischer Bodybuilder
 Paul Dugdale (* 1980), englischer Videoregisseur
 Richard Louis Dugdale (1841–1883), US-amerikanischer Soziologe
 Rose Dugdale (Bridget Rose Dugdale; * 1941), britische IRA-Aktivistin

Sonstiges:
 Dugdale-Gletscher, Gletscher im Viktorialand, Antarktika

Dugdale


Pyrola angustifolia er tegund blómplantna af lyngætt. Hún vex frá Mexíkó til Gvatemala.

Tilvísanir

Lyngætt

Pyrola angustifolia


تنقسم بوركينا فاسو إلى خمسة وأربعين محافظة هي كالتالي:

هذه قائمة محافظات بوركينا فاسو ما بين قوسين (عواصم المحافظات):

بال (Boromo)

بام (كونغوسي)

بانوا (Solenzo)

بازيجا ()

بوجوريبا ()

بولجو (Tenkodogo)

بولكيمد (كودوغو)

محافظة Comoé (بانفورا)

جنزورجو (زورغو)

جناجا (Bogandé)

جورما (فادا نغورما)

هويت (بوبوديولاسو)

إيوبا (دانو (بوركينا فاسو))

كاديوجو (واغادوغو)

كيندوجو ()

كوماندجاري (Gayéri)

كومبينجا (Pama)

كوسي (Nouna)

كوبلوجو (Ouargaye)

كوريتنجا ()

كوريتنجا (Boussé)

ليرابا (Sindou)

لوروم (Titao)

موهون ()

ناهوري ()

نامنتنجا (Boulsa)

نايالا (Toma)

نامبيل (Batié)

أوبريتنجا (Ziniaré)

أودالان (Gorom-Gorom)

باسور (Yako)

بوني ()

سانجوي (Réo)

سامناتنجا (Kaya)

سينو (Dori)

سيسيلي (Léo)

سوم (Djibo)

سورو ()

تابوا (Diapaga)

تاي (Houndé)

يوجا ()

ياتنجا (واهيغويا)

زيرو ()

زوندومو (Gourcy)

زوندويجو ()

وتنقسم هذه المحافظات إلى 301 بلدية.

تقسيمات البلدان في إفريقيا
تقسيمات إدارية من المستوى الثاني حسب البلد
تقسيمات بوركينا فاسو
قوائم تقسيمات البلدان

محافظات بوركينا فاسو


Peter Schmid, né le  à Kreuzlingen (originaire de Buch bei Märwil), est une personnalité politique suisse du canton de Thurgovie, membre des Verts. Il est conseiller national de 1987 à 1995.

Biographie
Peter Schmid naît le  à Kreuzlingen. Il est originaire de Buch bei Märwil, une localité de la commune d'Affeltrangen, dans le canton de Thurgovie.

Il effectue une formation d'instituteur pour l'école primaire, puis étudie la pédagogie et la philosophie à l'Université de Zurich. Il est psychologue scolaire et, de 1973 à 2000, enseignant à l'école pédagogique de Zurich. Depuis 1996, il est également juge d'instruction au tribunal de district de Steckborn.

Il est marié et a trois enfants.

Parcours politique
Peter Schmid est membre fondateur des Verts du canton de Thurgovie en 1983 et leur premier président de 1983 à 1985. Il siège au Grand Conseil du canton de Thurgovie de 1984 à 1987.

Il est élu au Conseil national en 1987, devenant le premier écologiste thurgovien à y siéger. En 1994, il souhaite se présenter à la présidence du Conseil national, mais le groupe écologiste lui préfère Hanspeter Thür, qui n'est finalement pas élu. En 1995, il lui manque cinquante voix pour obtenir un troisième mandat au Conseil national.

Il est également président des Verts suisses de 1987 à 1990.

Positionnement politique
Il appartient à l'aile centriste des Verts. En 1992, il s'engage contre l'adhésion de la Suisse à l'Espace économique européen.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en octobre 1940
Personnalité politique thurgovienne
Conseiller national suisse de la 43e législature
Conseiller national suisse de la 44e législature
Personnalité des Verts (Suisse)
Étudiant de l'université de Zurich

Peter Schmid (Les Verts)


"Bebaça" é uma canção da cantora e compositora brasileira Marília Mendonça com participação da dupla Maiara & Maraisa, parte do álbum Todos os Cantos Vol. 1, lançado em 2019 pela gravadora Som Livre.

Composição
Assim como todas as canções do projeto Todos os Cantos, "Bebaça" não é uma música autoral. Seus compositores são Gustavo Martins, Murilo Huff, Rafael Augusto, Ricardo Vismarck e Ronael, que já tinham escrito outras canções gravadas por Marília como "Transplante" e "Bem Pior Que Eu". A canção trata o alcoolismo de forma humorística, com a história de uma mulher bêbada em uma festa.

Gravação
A canção foi gravada ao vivo em 5 de dezembro de 2018, no Parque das Águas em Cuiabá, capital do estado de Mato Grosso. A apresentação ocorreu durante a noite, após a cantora entregar panfletos pelo centro da cidade juntamente com Maiara & Maraisa e ter conversado com fãs. Apesar de gravações itinerantes de Marília já serem conhecidas na época, a participação de Maiara & Maraisa foi uma surpresa para o público.

Lançamento e recepção
"Bebaça" foi lançada em 2019 como parte do álbum Todos os Cantos Vol. 1. Apesar de não ter sido single, a versão em vídeo da canção alcançou mais de 5 milhão de visualizações em cerca de cinco dias. Em dezembro de 2019, o clipe já tinha 135 milhões de execuções no YouTube.

Em 2020, "Bebaça" recebeu disco de diamante duplo da Pro-Música Brasil.

Vendas e certificações

Canções de 2019
Canções gravadas por Marília Mendonça
Canções gravadas por Maiara & Maraisa
Canções de música sertaneja
Canções em português
Canções produzidas por Eduardo Pepato

Bebaça