Die Helmholtz-Allianz für Astroteilchenphysik (HAP) ist ein Forschernetzwerk, gefördert durch die Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft. HAP beabsichtigt, das junge und interdisziplinäre Forschungsfeld der Astroteilchenphysik an der
Schnittstelle von Astrophysik, Teilchenphysik, Astronomie und Kosmologie maßgeblich zu fördern. HAP vereinigt neben den Helmholtzzentren KIT und DESY insgesamt 15 deutsche Universitäten und drei Max-Planck-Institute sowie drei weitere externe Partner zu einem international sichtbaren Konsortium. Koordiniert durch das KIT, wurde HAP im Sommer 2011 aktiv.

Beschreibung
Astroteilchenphysik ist ein junges, interdisziplinäres Forschungsfeld an den Schnittflächen von Elementarteilchenphysik, Astrophysik, Astronomie und Kosmologie. Die Helmholtz Allianz für Astroteilchenphysik will dieses dynamische Feld wesentlich befruchten und wissenschaftlich und strukturell voranbringen. Die Allianz zielt auf den Fortschritt der gesamten Astroteilchenphysik und konzentriert sich jedoch auf die nachfolgenden vier Forschungsthemen, die gemeinsam in acht Arbeitspaketen bearbeiten werden.

 Astroteilchentheorie  ist ein 'horizontales' Thema, das eine starke Vernetzung innerhalb der Allianz bewirkt. HAP will eine detaillierte und kohärente Beschreibung der Ausbreitung und Messung von kosmischen Teilchen erreichen, was ein Schlüssel für die astrophysikalische Interpretation von Beobachtungsdaten ist. Die kosmischen Beschleuniger selbst stehen im Fokus des zweiten Arbeitspakets. Im dritten Paket wird die Auswirkungen von Dunkler Materie und ihren möglichen Vernichtungsstrahlungen bearbeitet.
 Das Nicht-thermische Universum ist ein breites Feld, in dem HAP die Kompetenzen der Allianzpartner in drei Arbeitspaketen bündelt. Multi-messenger Astroteilchenphysik behandelt die gemeinsame Analyse von Beobachtungen von Protonen oder schweren Kernen, Gammastrahlung und Neutrinos. Ein besseres Verständnis der Zusammensetzung und Wechselwirkung kosmischer Strahlung ist dafür ebenso notwendig wie das Paket Neue Detektoren und künftige Herausforderungen für die Vorbereitung auf große neue Projekte.
 Das Dunkle Universum setzt sich zusammen aus der Dunklen Materie und der sogenannten Dunklen Energie, mit der die noch unverstandene beschleunigte Expansion des Universums beschrieben wird. Konkreter sind die gravitativen Auswirkungen der Dunklen Materie, deren Natur wir in den Arbeitspaketen Analyse der Suche nach Dunkler Materie und Schlüsseltechnologien für die nächste Generation von DM-Experimenten auf die Spur kommen wollen.
 Die hochspezialisierten Technologien, die in Arbeitspaketen zum Einsatz kommen, werden jeweils dort in ihrem Kontext beschrieben und nur kurz gemeinsam dargestellt. Dieser Sektor wird aber die gleiche Sichtbarkeit wie die übrigen drei Forschungsthemen gegeben und wird Anstrengungen unternehmen dediziert, um die vielfältigen technologischen Synergien innerhalb der Allianz zu nutzen.

Allianzpartner
Die Allianzpartner der Helmholtz-Allianz für Astroteilchenphysik sind

 die Helmholtz-Zentren KIT und DESY,
 die 15 deutschen Universitäten: Aachen, Berlin (HU), Bonn, Dortmund (TU), Dresden (TU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hamburg, Mainz, Münster, München (TU), Potsdam, Siegen, Tübingen, Würzburg und Wuppertal,
 und die folgenden assoziierte Partner:
 die drei Max-Planck-Institute: MPIK Heidelberg, MPP München und MPE Garching,
 das Laboratoire APC - AstroParticule et Cosmologie (CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, Frankreich)
 das Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - KICP (University of Chicago, USA),
 sowie das Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas – ITeDA (Buenos Aires, Argentinien).

Die Allianz wird insgesamt etwa 100 Wissenschaftler und 90 Doktoranden umfassen.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website
 Offizieller Blog

Einzelnachweise

Forschungsorganisation
Hermann von Helmholtz als Namensgeber


Olaylar
 Stilicho, Britanya'ya saldıran Piktlere karşı bir deniz seferi düzenledi. Bu sefer Romalıların adaya düzenledikleri son sefer oldu.
 Kuzey Vey'in başkenti değişti, Şanghay yerine Pingcheng oldu.

Doğumlar

Ölümler

398


Avanos, Nevşehir İline bağlı bir ilçedir. Nevşehir'in 18 km kuzeyinde olan yerleşiminin, Antik Devirdeki adı Venessa, Zuwinasa ya da Ouenasadır. Çok sayıda çanak çömlek atölyesi bulunan ilçede seramik yapım geleneği Hititlerden beri süregelmektedir.Merkez bucağına bağlı 3, Özkonak bucağına bağlı 10 ve Topaklı bucağına bağlı 5 köyü vardır.

Tarih

1926'da da dilbilimci Emil Forrer, Boğazköy Hitit Kraliyet Arşivler'inde yaptığı araştırmalar sırasında bir tablette Zuwinasa şehrinin adını okudu Nenessa ve Zu-Winasa, Nicole Thierry'nin çalışmalarına göre, Venassa ve Avanos'a dönüşmüştür. Osmanlı belgelerinde Avanos, Enes ve Evenez olarak geçer.

Avanos yakınlarında, Kızılırmak'ın hemen kenarındaki bir Roma mezarlığında ele geçen mermerden lahit, merkez Kapadokya bölgesi'nde bugüne kadar ele geçen tek lahit olması açısından ilginçtir. Lahit, 1971 yılında tesadüfen ortaya çıkmış.

Avanos'un Sarılar kasabası yakınlarındaki Prof. Gökberk'in başkanlığındaki Zank Höyük'te yapılan arkeolojik kazılarda Eski Tunç Çağı'ndan Geç Roma Dönemi'ne kadar değişik kültürlere ait kalıntılar açığa çıkarılmıştır. Avanos'ta 13. yüzyıl Selçuklu Dönemi'ne tarihlenen Sarıhan kervansarayı ve Alaaddin Camii bulunmaktadır.

1954 yılına kadar Kırşehir iline bağlı idi, belediyesi 1884'te kurulmuştur. 1954'te Nevşehir ilinin kuruluşuna beraber ilçe olmuştur.

Çömlekçilik
Avanos'ta da Hititler'den beri çarkla çanak-çömlek yapıldığı bilinmektedir. Bu el sanatı kavimden kavime, babadan oğula geçerek günümüze kadar gelmiştir. Avanos'un dağlarından ve Kızılırmak'ın eski yataklarından yumuşak ve yağlı kil topraklar elenir ve iyice yoğurularak çamur haline getirilir. Çark adı verilen ve ayakla döndürülen tezgâh üzerindeki çamurun maharetle şekillendirilmesiyle istenilen çanak yapılmış olur. İşlik denilen atölyelerde üretilen çanaklar önce güneşte, daha sonra da gölgede kurutulduktan sonra, saman ve talaşla yakılan fırınlarda 800 dereceden başlayıp 1200 derece sıcaklık arasında özenle pişirilir.

Türkiye'nin en uzun nehri Kızılırmak, Avanos yakınlarında suladığı tüflü, killi topraklar nedeniyle eski zamanlarda adına yakışır bir kızıllığa bürünüyor. Barajlar yaptıktan sonra bu özelliği genelde yokolmuştur. Yörede yemek kapları, su testileri, kışlık yiyecek saklamak için çömlekler ve küpler, su küpleri tanınan çanak ürünleridir...

Nüfus

Bağcılık ve Tarım
İlçede önemli uğraşlardan biri de bağcılıktır. Elde edilen üzümler sofralık olarak kullandığı gibi, mağaralarda, doğal depolarda şarap üretiminde kullanılır. Üzümlerin şeker oranı çok yüksektir. Bu nedenle Özellikle el yapımı şarapları Dünyanın her yerinden rağbet görmektedir. Şarap üretiminin yanı sıra bölge kurutmalık üzümleri, kayısı, elma kışlık besin maddeleri üretimi yapılır. Ayrıca ilçe ve köylerinde üzümden elde edilen şıra ile pekmez, köftür gibi geleneksel yiyecek maddeleri üretilir Avanos merkeze bağlı Ayhanlar köyünde patlıcan üretimi yaygındır. Avanos ile çevresindeki bölgenin taze sebze ürünleri ihtiyacının büyük bölümü bu köyden sağlanmaktadır.Ayrıca Kızılırmak nehrinde  yapılan balıkçılıkta da yaygındır.Daha çok sazan balığı bulunmakla beraber yayın,çapak,öksürük gibi balık türleri de mevcuttur.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Avanos Belediyesi
 Avanos Kaymakamlığı

Avanos


Knox sınıfı fırkateyn, ABD Deniz Kuvvetlerinde hizmet etmiş olan fırkateyn sınıfı.

Avrupa'ya yapılacak güç aktarımda görevli filolara Denizaltı Savunma Harbi'nde destek amacıyla 1960'lı yıllarda tasarlanmıştır. Bu gemilere denizaltılara taarruz amaçlı roket, destekli bir torpido sistemi olan ASROC yerleşterilmiştir. Knoxlar, ABD Donanması tarafından kullanım dışına çıkarılmasının akabinde hibe yoluyla müttefiklere verilmiştir. Bu sınıftan sekiz adet fırkateyn de Türk Donanması'nın envanterine katılmıştır. Bu gemilerin bazıları Kalyon-5 Projesi kapsamında Türk yapısı muharebe konsolları ile donatılarak modernize edilmiştir. Yunan Donanması tarafından da kullanıma alınan Knoxlar, maliyet etkinliklerinin düşük olması nedeniyle bugün görev dışı bırakılmışlardır. Knoxlar'a ilaveten sekiz adet Boeing üretimi Harpoon lançeri ile Meroka nokta savunma sistemi CIWS yükleyip, Raytheon üretim SM-1 güdümlü mermisini ateşleyebilme kabiliyeti kazandıran İspanyol Donanması'nda ise bu fırkateynler uçak gemisine hava savunma sağlanması görevlerinde kullanıyor. Ayrıca Meksika, Mısır, Tayland ve Tayvan tarafından da kullanıldılar. Knox'ın buhar türbininin sürekli arızalanması ve geminin tek şaftlı olması, bu geminin en önemli dezavantajlarıdır. Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri'nde 2012 yılında hizmet dışına çıkarılmıştır.

Teknik özelikler

 Üretici: ABD
 Tam Yüklü Ağırlığı: 4,260 ton
 Boyu: 134 m
 Genişliği: 13.33
 Su Kesimi: 7.55 m
 Motor: 2x35 bin BG, Babock&Wilcox buhar motoru, 1 şaft
 Azami Hızı:27 knots
 Menzili: 22 km hız ile 7 bin 200 km
 Mürettebatı: 20 subay,155 astsubay, 110 erbaş/er

Silahları
 Güdümlü füzeler:
 8xHarpoon
 Top:
 1 x 127 mm MK42 topu
 1 x 6 namlulu Phalanx CIWS
 Torpiller:
 ASROC 4 x 324 mm torpil tüpü
 MK46 Mod5 torpilleri
 Muharebe Veri Sistemi: K5 link11

Silah kontrol sistemleri
 SWG1A
 MK68
 Mod3
 MK114
 Mod6
 MK1
 MMS

Radar
 Hava Arama Radarı: SPS-40B
 Suüstü Radarı: SPS-10
 Seyrüsefer: Sperry Rascar
 Atış Kontrol:
 SPG-53D
 SRN15

Sonar
 SQS-26CX
 SQS-35

Karşı tedbir
 2x6 namlulu sahte hedef atıcı
 SLQ-25 sahte torpil hedefi

Gemiler

Ayrıca bakınız
 ABD Deniz Kuvvetleri fırkateynleri listesi

Dış bağlantılar

 Global Security
 Federation of American Scientists
 USS Brewton FF-1086 Ana Sayfa

Knox sınıfı fırkateyn


The Old Men at the Zoo is a novel written by Angus Wilson, first published in 1961 by Secker and Warburg and by Penguin books in 1964.  It was adapted, with many changes—nuclear bombing of London, not present in the novel, is added—into a 1983 BBC Television serial by the scriptwriter Troy Kennedy Martin. The book deals with events before a nuclear attack on London during a (presumably) limited nuclear war, which results in the imposition of a later post-apocalyptic pan-European dystopian dictatorship, until rescue arrives for the prisoners at the zoo, transformed into a concentration camp.

References

1961 British novels
1961 science fiction novels
BBC Television shows
Novels by Angus Wilson
British novels adapted into television shows
Television shows based on British novels
British post-apocalyptic novels
Secker & Warburg books
1983 in British television
1980s British drama television series
English-language television shows
Post-apocalyptic television series

The Old Men at the Zoo


An Gearum brasiliense in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Nicholas Edward Brown. An Gearum brasiliense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gearum, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Gearum

Gearum brasiliense


Županijska cesta 5042 (Ž5042) se nalazi u Poreču, Istarska županija. Kreće u Kukcima i završava u Karojbi.

Županijske ceste u Hrvatskoj

Županijska cesta Ž5042


Tom Morahan (* 9. Juni 1906 als Thomas Hugo Morahan in London, Vereinigtes Königreich; † 10. September 1969 in London-Kensington) war ein britischer Filmarchitekt und Filmproduzent.

Leben
Thomas Hugo Morahan begann sich bereits im Alter von sieben Jahren für die Malerei zu interessieren. Mit 16 Jahren besuchte er das Royal College of Arts, mit 17 ging er an die Londoner Academy of Painting. Anschließend arbeitete er in einem Architekturbüro. Seit 1932 als Assistent beim Film, spezialisierte sich Morahan bald auf Malerei und Bildhauerei.

1936 wechselte er als Zeichner zur Produktionsfirma Alexander Kordas und war in dieser Funktion noch im selben Jahr an dessen Rembrandt-Verfilmung beteiligt, im Jahr darauf schuf er seine ersten Bauentwürfe als Chefarchitekt. Noch vor Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkriegs hatte Morahan einige erstklassige Dekorationen zu ausstattungsintensiven Produktionen von Erich Pommers Produktionsfirma Mayflower entworfen, mit Charles Laughton als Hauptdarsteller (Vessel of Wrath, St. Martin's Lane, Riff-Piraten). Auch nach dem Krieg war Tom Morahan an einer Reihe von hochklassigen Filmen beteiligt. Eher enttäuschend verlief hingegen Ende der 40er Jahre die Zusammenarbeit mit Alfred Hitchcock (Der Fall Paradin, Sklavin des Herzens), für den er bereits zehn Jahre zuvor die Schmugglergeschichte Riff-Piraten ausgestattet hatte.

Morahan bewies seine Qualitäten, wenn er die Bauten zu historischen Stoffen oder prätentiösen Kostüm- und Abenteuerfilmen (Die Schatzinsel, Des Königs Admiral, Boccaccios große Liebe) zu entwerfen hatte. Bei einigen seiner späteren Arbeiten (Sie waren 13, Sie pfiff und die Kerle kuschten, China-Story, Die tollkühnen Männer in ihren fliegenden Kisten) arbeitete er mit seinem älteren Bruder, dem Filmarchitekten Jim Morahan, zusammen. Tom Morahan, der für seine Arbeit an Söhne und Liebhaber eine Oscarnominierung erhalten hatte, hat sich gelegentlich auch als Produzent versucht.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
als Filmarchitekt, wenn nicht anders angegeben

 1936: Dishonour Bright
 1937: Träumende Augen (Dreaming Lips)
 1937: The Sky's the Limit
 1938: Vessel of Wrath
 1938: St. Martin's Lane (St. Martin's Lane)
 1939: Riff-Piraten
 1941: Black Sheep of Whitehall
 1941: Ein gefährliches Unternehmen (The Foreman Went to France)
 1941: Next of Kin
 1942: Went the Day Well?
 1943: Ehemann zur Ansicht (On Approval)
 1946: Zwei Welten (Men of Two Worlds)
 1946: While the Sun Shines
 1947: Der Fall Paradin
 1947: So Evil My Love
 1948: Mr. Perrin and Mr. Traill
 1949: Sklavin des Herzens
 1950: Die Schatzinsel
 1950: Des Königs Admiral
 1952: Boccaccios große Liebe (Decameron Nights)
 1953: The Love Lottery
 1953: Kleiner Jockey, ganz groß (The Rainbow Jacket)
 1954: Sie waren 13 (The Night My Number Came Up, nur Produktion)
 1955: Der lange Arm (The Long Arm, nur Produktion)
 1957: Herz ohne Hoffnung (Another Time, Another Place)
 1958: Ein Händedruck des Teufels (Shake Hands With the Devil)
 1959: Sie pfiff und die Kerle kuschten (The Challenge)
 1960: Söhne und Liebhaber (auch Produktionsleitung)
 1960: Circle of Deception (auch Produktion)
 1961: China-Story (Satan Never Sleeps)
 1963: The Third Secret
 1964: Die tollkühnen Männer in ihren fliegenden Kisten
 1968: Ein dreckiger Haufen

Literatur
 Kay Weniger: Das große Personenlexikon des Films. Die Schauspieler, Regisseure, Kameraleute, Produzenten, Komponisten, Drehbuchautoren, Filmarchitekten, Ausstatter, Kostümbildner, Cutter, Tontechniker, Maskenbildner und Special Effects Designer des 20. Jahrhunderts. Band 5: L – N. Rudolf Lettinger – Lloyd Nolan. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-89602-340-3, S. 536.

Weblinks

Szenenbildner
Filmproduzent
Brite
Geboren 1906
Gestorben 1969
Mann

Tom Morahan


Curtiss Model H era a desgnação de uma família de classes de primeiros hidroaviões de longo alcance, os dois primeiros dos quais foram desenvolvidos diretamente nos Estados Unidos em resposta ao desafio do prêmio de £ 10.000 lançado em 1913 pelo jornal de Londres, o Daily Mail, para a primeira travessia aérea sem escalas do Atlântico.

Como a primeira aeronave com alcance transatlântico e capacidade de transporte de carga, o Model H tornou-se o primeiro desenvolvimento que levou às primeiras viagens aéreas comerciais internacionais e, por extensão, ao mundo moderno da aviação comercial. A última classe amplamente produzida, o Modelo H-12, foi retrospectivamente designado Model 6 pela empresa de Curtiss na década de 1930, e várias classes têm variantes com letras com sufixo indicando diferenças.

Projeto e desenvolvimento
Tendo alcance transatlântico e capacidade de transporte de carga por design, a primeira leva de H-2 (logo apelidada de "The Americans" pela "Royal Navy") foram rapidamente convocadaa para uso em tempo de guerra como aeronavea de patrulha e resgate pelo RNAS, o braço aéreo da Marinha Real Britânica. As duas aeronaves originais de "avaliação" foram de fato temporariamente apreendidas pela Marinha Real, que mais tarde pagou por elas e fez um pedido inicial de 12 adicionais - todos os 14 foram militarizados (por exemplo, adicionando suportes de armas) e designados o "H-4" (os dois originais foram posteriormente os modelos "H-2" para historiadores aéreos). Essas mudanças foram produzidas sob contrato da fábrica da Curtiss no último pedido de 50 "H-4s", dando um total de 64 classes, antes da evolução de uma sucessão de modelos de classe H maiores, mais adaptáveis e mais robustos. Este artigo abrange toda a linha de cerca de 500 hidroaviões Curtiss Model H que se sabe terem sido produzidos, uma vez que os modelos sucessivos - por qualquer designação de submodelo - eram fisicamente semelhantes, manuseados de forma semelhante, essencialmente apenas aumentados de tamanho e equipados com maiores e motores aprimorados – os avanços na tecnologia de motores de combustão interna na década de 1910 foram tão rápidos e explosivos quanto qualquer avanço tecnológico jamais foi.

Quando o jornal Daily Mail de Londres ofereceu um prêmio de £ 10.000 para a primeira travessia aérea sem escalas do Atlântico em 1913, o empresário americano Rodman Wanamaker decidiu que o prêmio deveria ir para uma aeronave americana e contratou a Curtiss Airplane and Motor Company para projetar e construir uma aeronave capaz de fazer o vôo. A oferta do Mail de um grande prêmio monetário por "uma aeronave com alcance transoceânico" (em uma era praticamente sem aeroportos) galvanizou os entusiastas do ar em todo o mundo e na América, levou a uma colaboração entre os pioneiros aéreos americanos e britânicos: Glenn Curtiss e John Cyril Porte, estimulado financeiramente pelo financiamento nacionalista do entusiasta do ar Rodman Wanamaker. A classe, enquanto encomendada por Wanamaker, foi projetada sob a supervisão de Porte após seu estudo e rearranjo do plano de vôo e construída nas oficinas de Curtiss. O resultado foi uma versão ampliada do trabalho de Curtiss para a Marinha dos Estados Unidos e seu Curtiss Model F.[1] Com Porte também como Piloto Chefe de Testes, o desenvolvimento e teste de dois protótipos prosseguiram rapidamente, apesar das inevitáveis surpresas e problemas iniciais inerentes aos novos motores, casco e fuselagem.

O Wanamaker Flier era um projeto biplano convencional com duas baias, asas não escalonadas de envergadura desigual com dois motores de trator montados lado a lado acima da fuselagem no espaço interplano. Os pontões das pontas das asas estavam presos diretamente abaixo das asas inferiores, perto de suas pontas. A aeronave se assemelhava aos projetos anteriores de hidroaviões de Curtiss, mas era consideravelmente maior para transportar combustível suficiente para cobrir 1.100 milhas (1.770 km). Os três membros da tripulação foram acomodados em uma cabine totalmente fechada.

Nomeado "America" e lançado em 22 de junho de 1914, os testes começaram no dia seguinte e logo revelaram uma séria falha no projeto: a tendência do nariz da aeronave tentar submergir à medida que a potência do motor aumentava enquanto taxiava na água. Esse fenômeno não havia sido encontrado antes, já que os projetos anteriores de Curtiss não usavam motores tão poderosos. A fim de neutralizar este efeito, Curtiss instalou barbatanas nas laterais da proa para adicionar sustentação hidrodinâmica, mas logo as substituiu por sponsons para adicionar mais flutuabilidade. Ambos os protótipos, uma vez equipados com sponsons, foram então chamados de Modelo H-2s atualizados incrementalmente alternadamente. Esses patrocínios continuariam sendo uma característica proeminente do design do casco do hidroavião nas décadas seguintes. Com o problema resolvido, os preparativos para a travessia transatlântica foram retomados e 5 de agosto de 1914 foi selecionado para aproveitar a lua cheia.

Esses planos foram interrompidos pela eclosão da Primeira Guerra Mundial, que também viu Porte, que pilotaria o América com George Hallett, ser chamado de volta ao serviço da Marinha Real Britânica. Impressionado com as capacidades que ele havia testemunhado, Porte instou o Almirantado a comandar (e mais tarde, comprar) o America e sua aeronave irmã de Curtiss. No final do verão de 1914, ambos foram testados com sucesso e enviados para a Inglaterra em 30 de setembro, a bordo do RMS Mauretania. Isto foi seguido por uma decisão de encomendar mais 12 aeronaves semelhantes, um Modelo H-2 e o restante como Modelo H-4, quatro exemplos deste último sendo montados no Reino Unido por Saunders. Todos eles eram essencialmente idênticos ao design do America e, de fato, todos eram chamados de "Américas" no serviço da Marinha Real. Este lote inicial foi seguido por um pedido de mais 50.

Essas aeronaves logo foram de grande interesse para o Almirantado Britânico como embarcações de patrulha antissubmarino e para funções de resgate aéreo-marítimo. A compra inicial da Marinha Real de apenas duas aeronaves acabou gerando uma frota de aeronaves que prestou serviço militar extensivo durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial nessas funções, sendo amplamente desenvolvida no processo (juntamente com muitas variantes derivadas ou descendentes) sob os ciclos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento compactados disponível em tempo de guerra. Consequentemente, à medida que a guerra avançava, o Modelo H foi desenvolvido em variantes progressivamente maiores e serviu de base para desenvolvimentos paralelos no Reino Unido sob John Cyril Porte, que levaram à série "Felixstowe" de hidroaviões com seu melhor casco hidrodinâmico formas, começando com o Felixstowe F.1 - uma forma de casco que depois se tornou o padrão em hidroaviões de todos os tipos, assim como os patrocinadores fizeram para hidroaviões.

A Curtiss desenvolveu em seguida uma versão ampliada do mesmo projeto, designada Modelo H-8, com acomodação para quatro tripulantes. Um protótipo foi construído e oferecido à Marinha dos Estados Unidos, mas também foi comprado pelo Almirantado Britânico. Esta aeronave serviria como padrão para o Modelo H-12, amplamente utilizado pela Marinha Real e pela Marinha dos Estados Unidos. Após a sua adoção em serviço pelo RNAS, eles ficaram conhecidos como "Large America", com os H-4 recebendo o retrônimo "Small America".

Conforme construído, o Modelo H-12 tinha motores Curtiss VXX de 160 hp (118 kW), mas esses motores estavam com pouca potência e eram considerados insatisfatórios pelos britânicos, então no serviço Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) o H-12 foi re-motorizado com o Rolls-Royce Eagle I de 275 hp (205 kW) e, em seguida, o Eagle VIII de 375 hp (280 kW). Porte redesenhou o H-12 com um casco melhorado; este projeto, o Felixstowe F.2, foi produzido e entrou em serviço. Alguns dos H-12 foram posteriormente reconstruídos com um casco semelhante ao F.2, sendo essas reconstruções conhecidas como Converted Large America. Aeronaves posteriores para a Marinha dos EUA receberam o motor Liberty (designado Curtiss H-12L).

Curiosamente, a designação da empresa Curtiss Modelo H-14 foi aplicada a um projeto completamente não relacionado (veja Curtiss HS), mas o Modelo H-16, introduzido em 1917, representou o passo final na evolução do projeto Modelo H. Com asas de maior envergadura e um casco reforçado semelhante aos hidroaviões Felixstowe, os H-16 eram movidos por motores Liberty no serviço da Marinha dos EUA e por Eagle IVs para a Marinha Real. Essas aeronaves permaneceram em serviço até o final da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Algumas foram colocadas à venda como equipamento militar excedente por US$ 11.053 cada (um terço do preço de compra original). Outras permaneceram no serviço da Marinha dos EUA por alguns anos após a guerra. , a maioria recebendo atualizações de motor para variantes Liberty mais poderosas.

Histórico operacional

Com o RNAS, H-12s e H-16s operaram a partir de estações de hidroaviões na costa em patrulhas anti-submarino e anti-Zeppelin de longo alcance sobre o Mar do Norte. Um total de 71 H-12s e 75 H-16s foram recebidos pelo RNAS, iniciando as patrulhas em abril de 1917, com 18 H-12s e 30 H-16s restantes em serviço em outubro de 1918.

Os H-12 da Marinha dos EUA foram mantidos em casa e não viram serviço estrangeiro, mas realizaram patrulhas anti-submarino de suas próprias estações navais. Vinte aeronaves foram entregues à Marinha dos EUA. Alguns dos H-16, no entanto, chegaram às bases no Reino Unido a tempo de ver um serviço limitado pouco antes da cessação das hostilidades. Os pilotos da Marinha não gostavam do H-16 porque, no caso de um pouso forçado, os grandes motores acima e atrás da cabine provavelmente se soltariam e continuariam atacando o piloto.

Variantes
 Model H-1 ou Model 6: original America destinado a travessia transatlântica (dois protótipos construídos)
 Model H-2 (um construído)
 Model H-4: semelhante ao H-1 para RNAS (62 construídos)
 Model H-7: Super America
 Model H-8: versão ampliada do H-4 (um protótipo construído)
 Model H-12 ou Model 6A: versão de produção do H-8 com motores Curtiss V-X-X (104 construídos)
 Model H-12A ou Model 6B: versão RNAS reprojetada com Rolls-Royce Eagle I
 Model H-12B ou Model 6D: versão RNAS reprojetada com Rolls-Royce Eagle VIII
 Model H-12L: versão USN reprojetada com motor Liberty
 Model H-16 ou Model 6C: versão ampliada do H-12 (334 construído por Curtiss e Naval Aircraft Factory)
 Model H-16-1: Model 16 equipado com motores em configuração por impulsão (um construído)
 Model H-16-2: Model 16 equipado com motores em configuração por impulsão e célula de asa revisada (uma construída)

Operadores

Aviação Naval Brasileira

Força Aérea Canadense – dois H-16 Large Americas ex-Royal Air Force como um Presente Imperial

Serviço de Aviação Naval da Holanda – um Curtiss H-12 em serviço

Royal Naval Air Service
Royal Air Force
No. 228 Squadron RAF
No. 234 Squadron RAF
No. 240 Squadron RAF
No. 249 Squadron RAF

United States Navy
American Trans-Oceanic Company

Ver também
 Sikorsky Ilya Muromets
 Charles M. Olmsted
 Anzani britânica
 Tony Jannus

Desenvolvimentos relacionados
 Curtiss Model F
 White & Thompson No. 1 Seaplane
 Felixstowe Porte Baby
 Curtiss Model T (Wanamaker Triplane)
 Felixstowe F.1
 Felixstowe F.2

Desenvolvimentos comparáveis
 Norman Thompson N.T.4

Bibliografia

 Roseberry, C.R. Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Flight. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1972. .
 Shulman, Seth. Unlocking the Sky: Glen Hammond Curtiss and the Race to Invent the Airplane. New York: Harper Collins, 2002. .
 Ray Sturtivant and Gordon Page Royal Navy Aircraft Serials and Units 1911–1919 Air-Britain, 1992.
 Swanborough, Gordon and Peter M. Bowers.  United States Navy Aircraft since 1911, Second edition. London: Putnam, 1976. .
 Taylor, Michael J.H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions, 1989, p. 281. .
 Thetford, Owen. British Naval Aircraft since 1912, Fourth edition. London: Putnam, 1978. .
 World Aircraft Information Files: File 891, Sheet 44–45. London: Bright Star Publishing, 2002.

Ligações externas

 Flying boats
 Flying Boats over the North Sea
 Glimpses of the British Navy in war time
 , vídeo

Curtiss Model H
Aviões produzidos nos Estados Unidos
Aeronaves bimotoras
Aviões biplanos

Curtiss Model H


වැල්ලවාය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ, ඌව පළාත තුල මොණරාගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පිහිටා තිබෙන  නගරයකි.

සංචාරක ආකර්ෂණ
බුදුරුවගල - බුදුරුවගල යනු මොණරාගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ වැල්ලවාය පිහිටි එෙතිහාසික පුදබිමක් වේ.
බුදුරුවාගල කෞතුකාගාරය - කලාපීය කෞතුකාගාරයක් වන බුදුරුවගල පිහිටි කෞතුකාගාරය 1988 වර්ෂයේදී පිහිටුවන ලද්දකි.
කොටවෙහෙරගල පුරාණ ගල්ලෙන් විහාරය - වැල්ලවාය නගරයට ආසන්නව පිහිටා තිබෙන කොටවෙහෙරගල පුරාණ ගල්ලෙන් විහාරය වැදගත් බෞද්ධ පුදබිමක් වෙයි. එහි ඉතිහාසය වළගම්බා රජ සමය දක්වා දිව යන බැව් විශ්වාස කෙරේ.

බාහිර සබැඳි
ජන සංගණන සහ සංලේඛ්‍යාන දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව -ශ්‍රී ලංකාව

ඌව පළාතේ ජනාකීර්ණ ප්‍රදේශ
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නගර සහ ගම්මාන

වැල්ලවාය


Robert Koçaryan (Ermenice: Ռոբերտ Քոչարյան; d. 31 Ağustos 1954; Hankendi, Azerbaycan SSC), Ermenistan'ın Levon Ter-Petrosyan'dan sonraki ikinci devlet başkanıdır.

20 Mart 1997'de Ermenistan Başbakanı oldu. 30 Mart 1998 yılında devlet başkanlığı koltuğunu devraldı. İki dönem devlet başkanlığı görevinde bulundu.

26 Temmuz 2018'de Ermenistan'ın Özel Soruşturma Hizmeti (DİE) yönetiminin son haftalarda Koçaryan'a "Ermenistan'ın anayasal düzenini devirmek" ile suçladı. DİE, bir Erivan mahkemesinden yargılama öncesi tutuklu olarak yargılanmasını istedi. 27 Temmuz 2018'de tutuklandı. 13 Ağustos 2018 tarihinde Koçaryan, bir mahkeme kararının ardından gözaltına alındı. 7 Aralık 2018 tarihinde Koçaryan, Temyiz Mahkemesi'nin verdiği bir kararın ardından tekrar tutuklandı. Ermenistan Ceza Temyiz Mahkemesi 7 Şubat 2019'da onu gözaltından almayı reddetti. Koçaryan'ın davası 13 Mayıs 2019'da başladı. 18 Mayıs 2019'da Koçaryan, yargılama öncesi tutukluluktan kefaletle serbest bırakıldı. 25 Haziran 2019'da üçüncü kez tutuklandı.

Koçaryan, Haziran 2020'de 4 milyon dolarlık kefaletle serbest bırakıldı.

Özel hayatı
O ve eşi Bella Kocharyan'ın üç çocuğu var: Sedrak, Gayane ve Levon; hepsi Stepanakert'te doğdu. Koçaryan, yerli Ermenicesine ek olarak Rusça ve İngilizce konuşmaktadır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Dağlık Karabağ Savunma Ordusu

Kaynakça

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1954 doğumlular
Ermenistan başbakanları
Ermenistan devlet başkanları
Birinci Dağlık Karabağ Savaşı'nda kişiler
Dağlık Karabağ Cumhuriyeti başbakanları
Dağlık Karabağ Cumhuriyeti devlet başkanları
Hankendi doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar
Karabağ Ermenileri
Artsah Kahramanları

Robert Koçaryan


بلدية فيلافرانكا دي قرطبة ، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة قرطبة إحدى مقاطعات إسبانيا، و التي تقع في منطقة الأندلس جنوب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 4.231 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

أعلام
 بيدرو كوندي
 خوسيه رويز سانشيز

مراجع

بلديات قرطبة

فيلافرانكا دي قرطبة (قرطبة)


The Fairey Aviation Company Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer of the first half of the 20th century based in Hayes in Middlesex and Heaton Chapel and RAF Ringway in Cheshire that designed important military aircraft, including the Fairey III family, the Swordfish, Firefly, and Gannet. It had a strong presence in the supply of naval aircraft, and also built bombers for the RAF.

After World War II the company diversified into mechanical engineering and boat-building. The aircraft manufacturing arm was taken over by Westland Aircraft in 1960. Following a series of mergers and takeovers, the principal successor businesses to the company became FBM Babcock Marine Ltd, Spectris plc, and WFEL (formerly Williams Fairey Engineering Limited), the latter manufacturing portable bridges.

History
Founded in 1915 by Charles Richard Fairey (later Sir Richard Fairey) and Belgian engineer Ernest Oscar Tips on their departure from Short Brothers, the company first built under licence or as subcontractor aircraft designed by other manufacturers. The first aircraft designed and built by the Fairey Aviation specifically for use on an aircraft carrier was the Fairey Campania a patrol seaplane that first flew in February 1917. In the third report of the Royal Commission on Awards to Inventors, reported in Flight magazine of 15 January 1925, aviation figures prominently. C. R. Fairey and the Fairey Aviation Co. Ltd, was awarded £4,000 for work on the Hamble Baby seaplane.

Fairey subsequently designed many aircraft types and, after World War II, missiles.

The Propeller Division (Fairey-Reed Airscrews) was located at the Hayes factory, and used designs based on the patents of Sylvanus Albert Reed. C. R. Fairey first encountered Reed's products in the mid-1920s when investigating the possibilities of the Curtiss D-12 engine. The Curtiss company also manufactured propellers designed by Reed. Another example of utilising the talents of independent designers was the use of flaps, designed by Robert Talbot Youngman (Fairey-Youngman flaps) which gave many of the Fairey aircraft and those of other manufacturers improved manoeuvrability.

Aircraft production was primarily at the factory in North Hyde Road, Hayes (Middlesex), with flight testing carried out at Northolt Aerodrome (1917–1929), Great West Aerodrome (1930–1944), Heston Airport (1944–1947), and finally at White Waltham (1947–1964). Losing the Great West Aerodrome in 1944 by requisition by the Air Ministry to build London Heathrow Airport, with no compensation until 1964, caused a severe financial shock which may have hastened the company's end.

One notable Hayes-built aircraft type during the late 1930s and World War II was the Swordfish. In 1957, the prototype Fairey Rotodyne vertical takeoff airliner was built at Hayes. After the merger with Westland Helicopters, helicopters such as the Westland Wasp and Westland Scout were built at Hayes in the 1960s.

Receipt of large UK military contracts in the mid-1930s necessitated acquisition of a large factory in Heaton Chapel Stockport in 1935 that had been used as the National Aircraft Factory No. 2 during World War I. Flight test facilities were built at Manchester's Ringway Airport, the first phase opening in June 1937. A few Hendon monoplane bombers built at Stockport were flown from Manchester's Barton Aerodrome in 1936. Quantity production of Battle light bombers at Stockport/Ringway commenced in mid 1937. Large numbers of Fulmar fighters and Barracuda dive-bombers followed during World War II. Fairey's also built 498 Bristol Beaufighter aircraft and over 660 Handley Page Halifax bombers in their northern facilities. Postwar, Firefly and Gannet naval aircraft were supplemented by sub-contracts from de Havilland for Vampire and Venom jet fighters. Aircraft production and modification at Stockport and Ringway ceased in 1960.

On 13 March 1959 Flight reported that Fairey Aviation Ltd was to be reorganised following a proposal to concentrate aircraft and allied manufacturing activities in the United Kingdom into a new wholly owned subsidiary called the Fairey Aviation Co. Ltd. The Board felt that the change, taking effect on 1 April 1959, would enable the Rotodyne and other aircraft work to be handled by a concern concentrating on aviation. It is proposed to change the company's name to the Fairey Co. Ltd, and to concentrate general engineering activities in the Stockport Aviation Co. Ltd, whose name would become Fairey Engineering Ltd. Under these changes, the Fairey Co. would become a holding company, with control of policy and finance throughout the group.

The government in the late 1950s was determined to rationalise the UK's aero industry. The Ministry of Defence saw the future of helicopters as being best met by a single manufacturer. The merger of Fairey's aviation interests with Westland Aircraft took place in early 1960 shortly after Westland had acquired the Saunders-Roe group and the helicopter division of the Bristol Aeroplane Company. Westland Aircraft and the Fairey Company announced that they had reached agreement for the sale by Fairey to Westland of the issued share capital of Fairey Aviation, which operated all Fairey's UK aviation interests. Westland acquired all Fairey's aircraft manufacturing business (including the Gannet AEW.3) and Fairey's 10% investment in the Aircraft Manufacturing Company (Airco) Fairey's workforce employed on manufacture of the outer wings of the Airco D.H.121. (later to be the HS 121 Trident) was transferred to Westland. Fairey received 2,000,000 Westland shares of 5 shillings each and a cash payment of approximately £1.4m. The sale did not include Fairey Air Surveys or the works at Heston which was home to the weapon division, which had a contract for research into advanced anti-tank missile systems. Fairey's remaining net worth was approximately £9.5m.

The collapse of the Fairey Group

In 1977 the Fairey Group went into receivership and was effectively nationalised by the Government. Fairey went into liquidation when it introduced a Britten-Norman Islander production line into its subsidiary company, Avions Fairey, and overproduced the plane and subsequently faced redundancy payments of about £16 million in Belgium. The companies involved were as follows:
 Fairey Hydraulics Ltd, Heston, Hydraulic power controls and filters for aircraft; sold in 1999 to a management buyout, the name changed to Claverham Ltd, bought in 2001 by Hamilton Sundstrand.
 Fairey Engineering Ltd, Stockport, General, and nuclear engineering;
 Fairey Nuclear Ltd, Heston, Nuclear components and light engineering; see also Dungeness nuclear power station
 Fairey Industrial Products Ltd, Heston, Management company;
 Fairey Filtration Ltd, Heston, Industrial filters;
 Fairey Winches Ltd, Tavistock, Vehicle overdrives, winches, and hubs;
 Jerguson Tress Gauge and Valve Co Ltd, Newcastle, Liquid Level indicators;
 The Tress Engineering Co Ltd, Newcastle, Petrochemical valves;
 Fairey Marine Holdings Ltd, Hamble, Management company;
 Fairey Marine (East Cowes) Ltd, East Cowes, Ship, and boat building;
 Fairey Exhibitions Ltd, Hamble, Exhibition stand contractors;
 Fairey Marine Ltd, Hamble, Boatbuilding and repair;
 Fairey Yacht Harbours Ltd, Hamble, Boat handling, berthing, and storage;
 Fairey Surveys Ltd, Maidenhead, Aerial and geophysical survey and mapping;
 Fairey Surveys (Scotland) Ltd, Livingston, Aerial and geophysical survey and mapping;
 Fairey Developments Ltd, Heston, Management company:

The Fairey Britten-Norman Aircraft Company was taken over by Pilatus, then a subsidiary of the Oerlikon group in Switzerland.

The rescue action was taken by the Government under section 8 of the Industry Act 1972 acquiring from the official receiver of the Fairey Company Ltd the entire share capital for £201,163,000. The companies were managed by the National Enterprise Board (NEB). In 1980 The Fairey Group was purchased by Doulton & Company Limited (part of S Pearson & Son) from the NEB. At the time, Pearson's interests in manufacturing were concentrated in the Doulton fine china business. The engineering interests were strengthened in 1980 by the acquisition of the high technology businesses of Fairey, and their merging with Pearson's other engineering interests in 1982. However, these businesses were disposed of in 1986 as part of Pearson wishing to concentrate on core activities; acquired by Williams Holdings they became Williams Fairey Engineering Ltd and then WFEL Ltd.

Other parts of the combined Fairey – Doulton group saw a management buy-out from Pearson, listing on the London Stock Exchange in 1988. During the 1990s this company concentrated on expanding its electronics business, acquiring a number of companies, and disposing of the electrical insulator and hydraulic actuator businesses. In 1997, the company acquired Burnfield, of which Malvern Instruments was the most significant company. Servomex plc was acquired in 1999. In July 2000, the acquisition of the four instrumentation and controls businesses of Spectris AG of Germany for £171m was the largest ever made by the company and marked an important strategic addition to the company's instrumentation and controls business. The reshaping of the group was marked with the change of name from Fairey Group to Spectris plc in May 2001.

Subsidiary companies

Avions Fairey

On 27 August 1931, Avions Fairey SA was founded by Fairey engineer Ernest Oscar Tips. Fairey aircraft had impressed the Belgian authorities and a subsidiary, Avions Fairey was established to produce Fairey aircraft in Belgium
The company staff left Belgium ahead of the German invasion of the Low Countries and returned after the war to build aircraft under licence for the Belgian Air Force. With Fairey's financial troubles in the later 1970s, the Belgian government bought Avions Fairey to preserve its involvement in the Belgian F-16 project. See also Tipsy Nipper.

Fairey Aviation of Canada
Formed in 1948 the Fairey Aviation Company of Canada Limited and grew from a six-man operation to a major enterprise employing around a thousand people. In March 1949, the company undertook repair and overhaul work for the Royal Canadian Navy on the Supermarine Seafire and the Fairey Firefly and later the Hawker Sea Fury and also undertook modification work on the Grumman Avenger. The Avro Lancaster conversion programme created the need for plant expansion. The Lancaster was followed in service by the Lockheed Neptune and again the company undertook a share of the repair overhaul and service of these aircraft. The company was engaged in the modification and overhaul of the McDonnell Banshee.

Fairey of Canada also developed a component and instrument design and manufacturing organisation. The company began manufacture of Hydro Booster Units which control flight surfaces hydraulically rather than manually. Other flight controls were designed and manufactured for the Avro CF-100. The Canadair Argus used Fairey-designed hydraulic actuators. The company also produced the "Bear Trap" helicopter /ship handling system for the Royal Canadian Navy. In the early 1960s the company undertook the conversion of the Martin Mars flying boats to water-bearing firefighters.

Drawing on the parent company's expertise in the design of hydraulic equipment led to local manufacturer of the Fairey Microfilter, which had applications in industries beyond aviation. Yet another Fairey designed and manufactured component was the Safety Ohmmeter. This instrument had many applications in missiles, mining, quarrying and similar fields. The company was appointed agent for RFD Inflatable Marine Survival Equipment. This agency included sales, service inspection and repair of inflatable liferafts.

The West Coast Branch of the Fairey Aviation Company of Canada Limited was formed in 1955 at Sidney, Vancouver Island. The plant was located at Patricia Bay Airport. This facility handled mainly repair, overhaul and modification of military and civil aircraft including the conversion of ex-military Avenger aircraft to commercial cropdusting roles. Additionally, the company diversified into designing and manufacturing items of hospital equipment.

Following the failure of the UK parent, Fairey Canada was acquired by IMP Group International.

Fairey Aviation Company of Australasia
The Australian branch of Fairey Aviation was formed in 1948 as Fairey-Clyde Aviation Co Pty. Ltd, a joint venture with Clyde Engineering and incorporated the aircraft division of CEC. The name was changed in November 1951. Based in Bankstown, Sydney, the factory overhauled aircraft for the Royal Australian Air Force and Royal Australian Navy, converted RAN Firefly AS.5s to Trainer Mark 5 standard. The Special Projects Division built the Jindivik, Meteor, and Canberra drones at Woomera missile test range. Fairey Australasia was the first company to be established at the Weapons Research Establishment (WRE). This was in 1949 when the firm was involved in supporting research trials of the scale model of the Fairey vertical-take-off aircraft. Shortly afterwards the company expanded to manufacture the RTV.l research rockets that were fired in Australia. From this developed a design and production factory that specialised in the manufacture of airborne and ground equipment for target aircraft and missile fields including the Tonic towed target, which can be carried and streamed by a Jindivik 3A.

In 1957 a miniature camera by the name of WRECISS (Weapons Research Establishment camera interception single-shot) was designed and developed by the WRE at Woomera and manufactured by the Fairey Aviation Co of Australasia, at Salisbury, South Australia. In most surface-to-air missile installations the cameras have been mounted in the nose telemetry bay. Although the firing lever must be replaced after each mission, it is estimated that some 30 per cent of the WRECISS can be re-used without repairs and a substantial further proportion can be repaired relatively cheaply. Its film was Ilford Photo SR101 in the form of 0.93in discs punched from 35 mm strip; weight 801; diameter 1.5in; length 1.25in; field of view 186 deg; exposure time 0.3 millisecond; effective relative aperture, approximately f/8. One hundred and ninety-two cameras were made in the initial production run. In 1988 this company was merged into AWA Defence Industries of Australia.

Aerial Survey

Fairey Air Surveys, Ltd, was initially headquartered at 24 Bruton Street, London W1. and later at Reform Road, Maidenhead, with companies across the world. The aircraft (Douglas Dakotas) and technical offices were based at White Waltham, Berks, along with a special research laboratory. Here the company undertook the design and development of anti-vibration isolators which were incorporated into camera mountings. Both mapping and geophysical work was undertaken. The UK based aircraft were sent out to work all over the world. The company undertook aerial surveys for local authorities within the UK and for many overseas Governments. Maps were also published under the Fairey-Falcon imprint. Over the years the companies names were changed to reflect Fairey ownership and operated into the late 1970s, later becoming Clyde Surveying Services Ltd. Fairey Surveys was absorbed into what eventually became Blom Aerofilms.
Subsidiary companies were as follows:—
 Fairey Surveys (Scotland), Livingston, Aerial and geophysical survey and mapping.
 Aero Surveys, Vancouver International Airport, Canada. This company was equipped to handle processing and mapping. Aircraft included two Ansons and one P-38. Operated in partnership with Fairchild Aerial Surveys, Inc.
 Air Survey Company of India, Dum Dum Airport, Calcutta. This branch was fully equipped for processing and mapping. Aircraft included a DC-3 and three DH Rapides (known in 1946 as the Indian Air Survey & Transport Limited).
 Air Survey Company of Pakistan, Dunolly Road, Karachi, 2. This was an office only and no aircraft or ground equipment were permanently based there.
 Air Survey Company of Rhodesia, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia. Fully equipped for processing and mapping. An Anson or a Dove from the UK fleet was available for operations.
Other companies were located in Nigeria, Zambia and the Republic of Ireland.

Engineering

Heaton Chapel
The Fairey factory at Heaton Chapel, Stockport can trace its roots back to when Crossley Bros. Ltd having had by the end of 1916 supplied large numbers of tenders and aero engines to the Royal Flying Corps acquired premises at High Lane, Heaton Chapel to expand production. In 1917, following the Government's decision to build three National Aircraft Factories was taken, Crossley Motors Ltd was formed to manage National Aircraft Factory No.2 as it was known. The factory continued to produce aircraft until November 1918. After the First World War the site switched to vehicle production. The factory was taken over by Willys-Knight and Overland Motors for the manufacture of cars and commercial vehicles and retained by them until 30 November 1934 when it was acquired by Fairey. In 1935 the Fairey company received a substantial order for Hendon night bombers and established production lines at the Heaton Chapel factory. The production facilities at Heaton Chapel were incorporated as the Stockport Aviation Company Limited on 11 February 1936 and the Company took a site at Ringway (now Manchester Airport), where test flights were carried out.

After the end of aircraft production the Heaton Chapel works became Fairey Engineering Ltd and began production of medium and heavy engineering including portable bridges for military and emergency services use, notably the Medium Girder Bridge. Its bridges are in service with the British Army, U.S. Army and many other NATO forces. Fairey Engineering Ltd also made Nuclear Reactor cores and fuelling machines for Dungeness B and Trawsfynydd.

The company became Williams Fairey Engineering in 1986, and was then taken over by the Kidde portion of the American United Technologies Corporation. in 2000, and became now known as WFEL Ltd. In 2006 the Manchester Evening News reported that private equity investors Dunedin Capital Partners backed a management buy-out of WFEL from UTC which employs 160 people at its factory on Crossley Road, Heaton Chapel.

Land Rover hubs and overdrives

In the post-war period, from the late 1950s onwards, Fairey acquired Mayflower Automotive Products, including their factory in Tavistock, Devon, and with it the designs of its products, including winch and free-wheeling front hubs for Land Rover vehicles. By the 1970s Fairey was manufacturing a wide range of winches, covering mechanical, hydraulic and electric drive and capstan/drum configurations. Fairey winches formed the bulk of the manufacturer-approved winch options for Land Rover throughout the 1970s and early 1980s.

In 1975 Fairey designed and manufactured a mechanical overdrive unit for Land Rovers. Vehicles fitted with the unit carried a badge on the rear saying "Overdrive by Fairey", with the Fairey logo (see above).

This branch of products effectively ceased in the early 1980s when new product development at Land Rover and a trend for manufacturers to build accessories in-house forced Fairey to drop out of the sector. The American company Superwinch bought the Tavistock works and continued making Fairey-designed winches for a few years. The site was Superwinch's European base and manufacturing facility until its closure in 2019, when the US parent company ceased operations and the key assets were sold to the Westin company in San Dimas, California.

Aircraft

Fairey aircraft
Year of first flight in brackets
 Fairey Hamble Baby – 1917
 Fairey F.2 – 1917
 Fairey Campania – 1917
 Fairey III – large biplane family, starting late 1917
 Fairey N.9 – 1917
 Fairey Pintail – 1920
 Fairey Flycatcher – biplane fighter, 1922
 Fairey N.4 – 1923
 Fairey Fawn – 1923
 Fairey Firefly I – 1925
 Fairey Fremantle – long range seaplane 1925
 Fairey Ferret – 1925
 Fairey Fox – biplane bomber, 1925
 Fairey Long-range Monoplane – 1928
 Fairey Firefly II – 1929
 Fairey Fleetwing – 1929
 Fairey Seal – biplane torpedo bomber, reconnaissance floatplane, 1930
 Fairey Gordon – 1931
 Fairey G.4/31 – general purpose 1934
 Fairey FC1 commercial airliner
 Fairey S.9/30 – 1934
 Fairey Swordfish – biplane torpedo bomber, 1934
 Fairey Fantôme – single-seat fighter 1935
 Fairey Hendon – monoplane night bomber 1935
 Fairey Battle – light bomber, 1936
 Fairey Seafox – reconnaissance floatplane, 1936
 Fairey P.4/34 – 1937
 Fairey Fulmar – carrier-borne fighter, 1940
 Fairey Albacore – carrier-borne biplane torpedo bomber, 1938
 Fairey Barracuda – carrier-borne dive bomber/torpedo bomber, 1940
 Fairey Firefly – carrier-borne fighter, 1941
 Fairey Spearfish – divebomber, 1945
 Fairey FB-1 Gyrodyne – gyrodyne (autogyro/compound helicopter) 1947
 Fairey Jet Gyrodyne – gyrodyne 1954
 Fairey Primer – trainer 1948
 Fairey Gannet – carrier-borne ASW (later AEW) aircraft, 1949
 Fairey Gannet AEW.3 – carrier-borne AEW aircraft
 Fairey F.D.1 – experimental delta wing 1950
 Fairey F.D.2 – record-setting delta-wing, 1954
 Fairey Ultra-light Helicopter (1955)
 Fairey Rotodyne – autogyro/compound helicopter 1957

Avions Fairey aircraft
 Avions Fairey Belfair
 Avions Fairey Junior
 Tipsy B
 Tipsy S.2
 Tipsy Nipper

Subcontract production
As well as producing their own designs, Fairey produced other aircraft under subcontract.
 Short Admiralty Type 827 (12)
 Sopwith 1½ Strutter (100)

During the Second World War, Fairey produced nearly 500 Bristol Beaufighters and nearly 600 Handley Page Halifax(326 B Mk III and 246 B Mk V)
Post war they held subcontracts for production of the de Havilland Vampire, and its successor the de Havilland Venom.

Aircraft engines
Fairey imported 50 Curtiss built D-12 engines in 1926, renaming them the Fairey Felix.
 Fairey Felix
 Fairey Prince (V-12)
 Fairey Prince (H-16) Prince – 16-cylinder
 Fairey Monarch – 2 x 12 cylinders (two engines with one propshaft passing through the other) 2,250 hp. The P-24 flew in 1939 but was cancelled during the war.

Missiles and drones
Fairey's interest in missile production had been kept separate from the Fairey Aviation Co Ltd and its subsequent absorption into the Westland Group in 1960.  Production was therefore invested in Fairey Engineering Ltd but by 1962 this had been transformed into a 50/50 joint venture with the British Aircraft Corporation (Holdings) Ltd known as BAC (AT) LTD, with offices at 100 Pall Mall, London SW1 and a share capital of £100.  This was separate to the BAC Guided Weapons division.

The Fairey company was also involved in the early development of pilotless aircraft which led to the development of radio controlled pilotless target aircraft in Britain and the United States in the 1930s.  In 1931, the Fairey "Queen" radio-controlled target was developed, building a batch of three.  The Queen was a modified Fairey IIIF floatplane, (a catapult launched aircraft which was used for reconnaissance by the Royal Navy).  Apart from installing radio gear the Queen also had some aerodynamic modifications to improve stability, however the first couple of pilotless flights came to quick endings as the drones crashed as soon as they left the catapult launcher on HMS Valiant.

In 1960, Fairey announced an agreement between Fairey Engineering Ltd and the Del Mar Engineering Laboratories, Los Angeles, California, to distribute a range of subsonic and supersonic towed target systems (RADOP) for air-to-air and surface-to-air guided weapon training in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the Commonwealth and the UK.

The parent Fairey Company and its Australian subsidiary were heavily involved guided weapon development. The Weapon Division of Fairey Engineering Ltd was responsible in the UK for the Jindivik Mk 2B Pilotless target aircraft. This had a Bristol Siddeley Viper ASV.8 turbojet, giving a speed of  and an operational ceiling in excess of 50,000 ft.

The "Fairey V.T.O" was a vertical take-off delta wing aircraft was designed to explore the possibility of making an aircraft launched from short ramps with low acceleration. Shown for the first time at the Society of British Aircraft Constructors (SBAC) Show in 1952, the Fairey VTO Project was used to test the basic configuration of future research craft. Each wing had a large aileron and the vertical fin carried a large rudder. The V.T.O. obtained  thrust from each Beta nozzle and, for launching, used two solid-fuel boosters of  each, bringing the total thrust up to —obviously more than the total weight. The Beta I rocket had two jets, one of which could be swivelled laterally and the other vertically, according to signals from an autopilot. The resulting mean thrust line could thus be varied to maintain controlled flight at low airspeeds. Fairey carried out many successful tests, the first of which was from a ship in Cardigan Bay in 1949.

Fairey Rocket Test Vehicle 1, formerly known as LOPGAP ("Liquid Oxygen and Petrol Guided Anti-Aircraft Projectile"). The original design can be traced back to the 1944 Royal Navy specification for a guided anti-aircraft missile known as LOPGAP. In 1947, the Royal Aircraft Establishment took over development work and the missile was renamed RTV1. Several versions of the basic RTV1 were developed.

The Fairey Aviation Company of Australasia Pty Ltd was awarded a contract to build 40 RTV1e rockets. The first of which were completed in early 1954. Components were built by the Royal Australian Navy Torpedo Establishment (hydraulic servo units), EMI (guidance receivers and amplifiers) and the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation (magnesium castings). Some parts were also imported from the UK. Assembly was undertaken at Salisbury, South Australia by the Special Projects Division of Fairey. Test firings took place in 1955–56 but by this time the RTV1 was considered obsolete RTV1e was the beam guidance test vehicle. Radar guidance was provided by a radar unit which projected a narrow beam. Different versions of the test vehicle were created and each was concerned with a different aspect of control, guidance, propulsion and aerodynamics of the complete rocket. The RTV 1e was a two-stage liquid fuel rocket used for research and development into problems associated with beam riding missiles. It was fired at an angle of 35 degrees with a maximum altitude of about 12,000 feet. The vehicle was launched by seven solid booster rockets which had a burn time of four seconds, after which the liquid fuel sustainer motor took over.

At the 1954 Farnborough Airshow, Fairey Australia displayed a massive missile resembling the RTV-1. The base was formed by a booster unit about 6 ft high and 20 inches in diameter, stabilised by four large and four small fins and housing seven five-inch motors. The main body was about 17 ft in length with a diameter of 10 in. The body was fitted with four wings and four small control vanes.

Fairey Australia also displayed an aerodynamic test vehicle, described as a "three-inch winged round". This was a simple projectile, without guidance, to aid investigations into the properties of various wing/body assemblies at high supersonic speeds. The example shown was about 6 ft long, and had a finely finished, white-painted body apparently made of seamless tube. About two-thirds of the way back from the nose was fitted a laminated-wood wing of about two feet span, positioned across a diameter of the body, with a root chord of some 18 inches and a quarter-chord sweep of about 50 degrees.

In April 1947 Fairey released details of its first guided missile It was an anti-aircraft weapon designed for use in the Pacific war but not completed in time for use by the British Army (who originally ordered it) or for the Royal Navy. The Ministry of Supply requested that the work be completed, and the Stooge was the outcome. It had a length of , a span of , a body diameter of 17 in, and weighing , with a warhead. Propulsion was by four -thrust solid-fuel main rockets, but initially four additional booster rockets delivering further 5,600 lb thrust accelerated the Stooge off its  long launching ramp. Unlike later designs, the Stooge was intended for high subsonic speeds—and limited ranges. The Stooge consisted of two-stage propulsion, an autopilot, radio control equipment with additional ground unit, and a warhead. The Stooge required a launching ramp and transport. The missile was extensively tested at Woomera

The Malkara missile was designed in Australia by British and Australian companies. It was a heavy wire-guided missile for deployment from vehicles, light naval craft and fixed emplacements. This weapon replaced the Fairey "Orange William" project for the MoS which would later lead to Swingfire. Fairey Engineering had the sales agency for all countries outside the US, and was also appointed by the Australian Department of Supply's to assist in the introduction of the Malkara to operational service and to design and produce modifications. The missile was in service with the Royal Armoured Corps, deployed on a special vehicle—the Humber Hornet, made by Wharton Engineering—which carried two rounds on launchers and two rounds stowed. The Hornet could be air-dropped, had a crew of three. For training purposes the Malkara Mk I was used, with a range of some 2,000 m (6,600 ft). The operational weapon was the Malkara Mk 1 A, which had a different type of tracking flare, thinner guidance wire, and other improvements to give approximately double the range of Mk 1.

The Fairey Fireflash was an early air-to-air weapon guided by radar beam riding. Developed as "Blue Sky" – a derated version of the Red Hawk missile. It was in service briefly before being replaced by the de Havilland Firestreak.

Green Cheese was a tactical nuclear anti-ship missile for use with the Gannet. Problems with Gannet led to continued development with the Blackburn Buccaneer but it was cancelled.

Fairey Marine

Fairey Marine Ltd was begun in the late 1940s by Sir Richard Fairey and Fairey Aviation's Managing Director, Mr Chichester-Smith. Both were avid sailing enthusiasts. Utilising techniques developed in the aircraft industry during WWII both men decided that they should produce sailing dinghies and so recruited Charles Currey to help run the company when he came out of the Navy. In the following years, thousands of dinghies were produced by Fairey Marine including the Firefly, Albacore, Falcon, Swordfish, Jollyboat, Flying Fifteen, 505 and International 14's along with the much smaller Dinky and Duckling. Later on in the 1950s they produced the larger sailing cruisers, the Atalanta (named after Sir Richard's first son's wife), Titania, Fulmar and the  Fisherman motor sailer (based on the Fairey Lifeboat hull) along with the 15 Cinderella (outboard runabout) and the 16'6" Faun (outboard powered family cruiser).

Fairey Band
In 1937, workers at the Fairey aviation plant formed a brass band. For some sixty years the band was associated with the company and its successors, although the Fairey Band has now had to turn to external sources for financial backing. Throughout its history though the band has retained its identity with the company under guises as the Fairey Aviation Works Band, Williams Fairey Band and later Fairey (FP Music) Band. The band has recently returned to roots, rebranding as just The Fairey Band. The Fairey Band has won many national and international titles throughout its proud history.

See also
 Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom

Notes

References

Bibliography

 Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. .
 Scholefield, R.A, Manchester Airport, Sutton Publishing, Stroud, 1998,
 Scholefield, R.A. Manchester's Early Airfields, an extended article in Moving Manchester, Lancashire & Cheshire Antiquarian Society, Manchester, 2004, ISSN 0950-4699
 Sherwood, Philip. 1999. Heathrow: 2000 years of History
 Taylor, H.A, Fairey Aircraft since 1915. London: Putnam & Company Ltd, 1974. .

External links

 WFEL
 Fairey Surveys
 Fireflash programme

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Defunct helicopter manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Aircraft industry in London
Guided missile manufacturers
History of the London Borough of Hillingdon
History of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport
Companies based in the London Borough of Hillingdon
Companies based in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport
British companies established in 1915
British companies disestablished in 1960
1915 establishments in England
1960 disestablishments in England
Manufacturing companies established in 1915
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1960
Westland Helicopters

Fairey Aviation Company


SPS 100/44 es el número de catálogo dado a un género aún sin nombrar de dinosaurio trodóntido descubierto en Mongolia. En la literatura científica es conocido como el "Trodóntido EK" ("EK troodontid" en inglés, debido a que fue descubierto en sedimentos del Cretácico Inferior - Early Cretaceous, en inglés).

Descubrimiento
SPS 100/44 fue descubierto por S.M. Kurzanov durante la expedición paleontológica Soviético-Mongola de 1979. Fue encontrado en sedimentos de Barunbayaskaya Svita en la localidad Khamareen Us, Dornogov (sureste del desierto de Gobi), en la República Popular de Mongolia.

Descripción
SPS 100/44 fue descrito por Rinchen Barsbold y colegas en 1987. Sus restos fósiles incluyen un esqueleto incompleto consistente en el neurocráneo, partes posteriores de la mandíbula inferior, un fragmento maxilar con dientes, partes de cinco vértebras cervicales, una mano derecha articulada con un hueso semilunado parcial, la primera falange de la mano izquierda, el extremo distal del fémur izquierdo, y fragmentos de ambos pies. Barsbold señaló que el espécimen era pequeño y de sedimentos más antiguos que otros trodóntidos conocidos, pero tiene algunas características del cráneo que podrían corresponder a las de un juvenil. Barsbold también indicó que el alto grado de fusión de los huesos del cráneo y la morfología inusual del pie indicaban que podría ser un adulto de un taxón desconocido. Barsbold prefirió tomar una posición conservadora y no le dio nombre al espécimen debido a que el ejemplar no estaba suficientemente completo como para excluir la posibilidad de que fuera un joven de algún género ya conocido de trodóntido.

Barsbold también que la mano articulada naturalmente de SPS 100/44 no mostraba signos de un tercer dígito oponible, como fue sugerido para Troodon por Russell y Seguin en 1982.

Turner y colegas, en 2007, encontraron que el trodóntido EK era efectivamente un género diferente e innombrado de trodóntido basal, en una politomía con Jinfengopteryx y un clado de trodóntidos más derivados.

Véase también
 Troodontidae

Referencias

Fósiles del Cretáceo
Dinosaurios de Asia
Troodontidae

SPS 100/44


A pantry is a room or cupboard where beverages, food, (sometimes) dishes, household cleaning products, linens or provisions are stored within a home or office. Food and beverage pantries serve in an ancillary capacity to the kitchen.

Etymology
The word "pantry" derives from the same source as the Old French term ; that is from , the French form of the Latin , "bread".

History in Europe and United States

Late Middle Ages
In a late medieval hall, there were separate rooms for the various service functions and food storage. The pantry was where bread was kept and food preparation was done. The head of the office who is responsible for this room is referred to as a pantler. There were similar rooms for storage of bacon and other meats (larder), alcoholic beverages (buttery, known for the "butts", or barrels, stored there), and cooking (kitchen).

Colonial Era
In the United States, pantries evolved from early Colonial American "butteries", built in a cold north corner of a colonial home (more commonly referred to and spelled as "butt'ry"), into a variety of pantries in self-sufficient farmsteads. Butler's pantries, or China pantries, were built between the dining room and kitchen of a middle-class English or American home, especially in the latter part of the 19th into the early 20th centuries. Great estates, such as the Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina or Stan Hywet Hall in Akron, Ohio, had many pantries and other domestic "offices", echoing their British "great house" counterparts.

Victorian Era
By the Victorian era, large houses and estates in Britain maintained the use of separate rooms, each one dedicated to distinct stages of food preparation and cleanup. The kitchen was for cooking, while food was stored in a storeroom, pantry or cellar. Meat preparation was done in a larder as game would come in undressed, fish unfilleted, and meat in half or quarter carcasses. Vegetable cleaning and preparation would be done in the scullery. Dishwashing was done in a scullery or butler's pantry, "depending on the type of dish and level of dirt".

Since the scullery was the room with running water with a sink, it was where the messiest food preparation took place, such as cleaning fish and cutting raw meat. The pantry was where tableware was stored, such as China, glassware, and silverware. If the pantry had a sink for washing tableware, it was a wooden sink lined with lead to prevent chipping the China and glassware while they were being washed. In some middle-class houses, the larder, pantry, and storeroom might simply be large wooden cupboards, each with its exclusive purpose.

Types

Asian Pantry

Traditionally, kitchens in Asia have been more open format than those of the West. The function of the pantry was generally served by wooden cabinetry. For example, in Japan, a kitchen cabinet is called a "mizuya tansu". A substantial tradition of woodworking and cabinetry in general developed in Japan, especially throughout the Tokugawa period. A huge number of designs for tansu (chests or cabinets) were made, each tailored towards one specific purpose or another.

The idea is very similar to that of the Hoosier cabinet, with a wide variety of functions being served by specific design innovations.

Butler's pantry

A butler's pantry or serving pantry is a utility room in a large house, primarily used to store serving items, rather than food. Traditionally, a butler's pantry was used for cleaning, counting, and storage of silver. European butlers often slept in the pantry, as their job was to keep the silver under lock and key. The merchant's account books and wine log may also have been kept in there. The room would be used by the butler and other domestic staff. Even in households where there is no butller, it is often called a butler's pantry.

In modern houses, butler's pantries are usually located in transitional spaces between kitchens and dining rooms and are used as staging areas for serving meals. They commonly contain countertops, as well as storage for candles, serving pieces, table linens, tableware, wine, and other dining room articles. More elaborate versions may include dishwashers, refrigerators, or sinks.

Butler's pantries have become popular in recent times.

Cold pantry

Certain foods, such as butter, eggs, and milk, need to be kept cool. Before modern refrigeration was available, iceboxes were popular. However, the problem with an icebox was that the cabinet housing it was large, but the actual refrigerated space was relatively small. A clever and innovative solution was invented, the "cold pantry", sometimes called a "California cooler." The cold pantry usually consisted of a cabinet or cupboard with wooden-slat shelves for air circulation. An opening near the top vented to the outside, either through the roof or high out the wall. A second opening near the bottom vented also to the outside, but low near the ground and usually on the north side of the house, where the air was cooler. As the air in the pantry warmed, it rose, escaping through the upper vent.  This in turn drew cooler air in from the lower vent, providing constant circulation of cooler air. In the summertime, the temperature in the cold pantry would usually hover several degrees lower than the ambient temperature in the house, while in the wintertime, the temperature in the cold pantry would be considerably lower than that in the house.

A cold pantry was the perfect place to keep food stocks that did not necessarily need to be kept refrigerated.  Breads, butter, cheesecakes, eggs, pastries, and pie were the common food stocks kept in a cold pantry. Vegetables could be brought up from the root cellar in smaller amounts and stored in the cold pantry until ready to use. With space in the icebox at a premium, the cold pantry was a great place to store fresh berries and fruit.

Hoosier Cabinet

First developed in the early 1900s by the Hoosier Manufacturing Company in New Castle, Indiana, and popular into the 1930s, the Hoosier cabinet and its many imitators soon became an essential fixture in American kitchens. Often billed as a "pantry and kitchen in one", the Hoosier brought the ease and readiness of a pantry, with its many storage spaces and working counter, right into the kitchen. It was sold in catalogues and through a unique sales program geared towards farm wives. Today, the Hoosier cabinet is a much sought-after domestic icon and widely reproduced.

Books

Chapters of earlier books, particularly written during the era of domestic science and home economics in the latter half of the 19th century, featured how to furnish, keep, and clean a pantry. Catharine E. Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, in their seminal The American Woman's Home (1869), advocated the elimination of the pantry by installing pantry shelving and cabinetry in the kitchen. This idea did not take hold in American households until a century later, by which time the pantry had become a floor-to-ceiling cabinet in the Post-Vietnam War kitchen. During the Victorian era and until the Second World War, when housing changed considerably, pantries were commonplace in virtually all American homes. This was because kitchens were small and strictly utilitarian, and not the domestic center of the home. Thus, pantries were important workspaces with their built-in shelving, cupboards and countertops.

In the last chapter of These Happy Golden Years, Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote a descriptive account of the pantry that Almanzo Wilder built for her in their first home together in DeSmet, South Dakota. It details a working farmhouse pantry in great detail, which she sees for the first time after her marriage to Wilder and subsequent journey to their new home.

Pantry raids were often common themes in children's literature and early 20th century advertising. Perhaps the most famous pantry incident in literature was when Mark Twain's Tom Sawyer had to do penance for getting into his Aunt Polly's jam in her pantry: as punishment, he had to whitewash her fence.

See also
 Larder
 Root cellar
 Shaker-style pantry box
 Storage room
 Utility room

References

Further reading

External links

Food storage
Rooms

Pantry


نادي لوهافر  نادي كرة قدم فرنسي يلعب في دوري الدرجة الثانية . تم تأسيس النادي في سنة 1894، ولعب فيه الكثير من النجوم الجزائري رياض محرز و الفرنسيين بول بوجبا ولاسانا ديارا وفيرلاند ميندي.

مراجع

أندية اتحاد رغبي فرنسية
أندية الدوري الفرنسي
أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1894
أندية كرة قدم في فرنسا
أندية كرة قدم في لو هافر
أندية كرة قدم في نورمندي
الرياضة في لو هافر
تأسيسات سنة 1884 في فرنسا

نادي لوهافر


Caitlin Patterson, née le  à McCall, est une fondeuse américaine.

Biographie
Patterson qui fait ses débuts officiels en fin d'année 2006 dans l'US Super Tour, où elle obtient son premier podium en 2009 et gagne le classement général en 2016, prend part aux Championnats du monde junior en 2010 à Hinterzarten, obtenant comme meilleur résultat individuel une  place sur le cinq kilomètres classique.

Membre du Craftsbury Nordic Ski Club, elle est engagée dans la Coupe du monde à Canmore en . Elle fait son retour à ce niveau lors de la saison 2014-2015, puis marque ses premiers points pour le classement général en  avec une  sur le dix kilomètres libre de Falun. En , lors de la course test pour les Jeux olympiques à Pyeongchang, qu'elle signe ses meilleurs résultats en Coupe du monde avec des quatrièmes places au skiathlon et au sprint par équipes.

En 2018, alors qu'elle vient de remporter les deux titres nationaux du sprint et du dix kilomètres libre, elle fait ses débuts aux jeux olympiques à Pyeongchang, courant le skiathlon () et le trente kilomètres classique ().
Patterson dispute aussi son premier championnat du monde en 2019 à Seefeld, obtenant deux  places comme résultats.

Son frère Scott est aussi fondeur de haut niveau.

Palmarès

Jeux olympiques

Légende :
  : pas d'épreuve
 — : Non disputée par Patterson

Championnats du monde

Légende :
  : pas d'épreuve
 — : Non disputée par Patterson

Coupe du monde
 Meilleur classement général :  en 2017.
 Meilleur résultat individuel : .

Classements détaillés

Championnats des États-Unis
Championne du dix kilomètres classique en 2016 et 2019.
Championne du vingt kilomètres libre en 2016 et 2019.
Championne du sprint libre, du sprint classique et du dix kilomètres libre en 2018.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Fondeuse américaine
Naissance dans le comté de Valley (Idaho)
Naissance en janvier 1990
Fondeuse aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2018
Étudiant de l'université du Vermont

Caitlin Patterson


Masai Ujiri (* 7. Juli 1970 in Bournemouth, Vereinigtes Königreich) ist der Präsident der Toronto Raptors in der US-amerikanischen National Basketball Association (NBA).

Leben
Ujiri ist Sohn eines Krankenhausverwalters. Bevor er sich dem Basketball zuwandte, spielte er überwiegend Fußball. Sein Vorbild war Hakeem Olajuwon, ein in Nigeria geborener NBA-Star. Er spielte Collegebasketball am Bismarck State College, wechselte dann zur Montana State University Billings, verließ jedoch diese Hochschule nach einem Semester. Danach spielte er sechs Jahre lang Basketball in Europa, bevor er zum unbezahlten Scout der Orlando Magic wurde. In der nächsten Saison boten ihm die Denver Nuggets eine bezahlte Scout-Position an, die er annahm. Dort blieb er vier Jahre und wechselte dann nach Toronto zu den Raptors. 2010 kehrte er nach Denver zurück und nahm die Position des General Managers an. Seit Sommer 2018 ist er der Präsident der Raptors.

Zum Ende der Saison 2012/13 beendete er seine Tätigkeit in Denver und nahm dieselbe Stelle in Toronto an. Am Ende dieser Saison wurde er auch zum NBA Executive of the Year gewählt.

Einzelnachweise

Basketballfunktionär (Vereinigte Staaten)
Basketballfunktionär (Toronto Raptors)
Nigerianer
Geboren 1970
Mann

Masai Ujiri


Amesiodendron, biljni rod iz porodice sapindovki čiji je jedini predstavnik vrsta umjereno brzorastućeg drveta guste krošnje iz Kine, Tajlanda, Malaje, Laosa, Vijetnama, Sumatre i Hainana.

Raste po kišnim šumama, na visinama od 300 do 1 000 metara. Naraste do 25 metara visine. Kora gotovo glatka, tamno siva.

Sinonimi
 Amesiodendron integrifoliolatum H.S.Lo
 Amesiodendron tienlinense H.S.Lo
 Paranephelium chinense Merr.

Izvori

Sapindoideae

Amesiodendron


Lin Yueshan (en ), née le  à Guangdong, est une archère handisport chinoise. Elle est championne paralympique par équipes avec He Zihao aux Jeux de 2020.

Carrière
Lin est amputée de sa jambe gauche à l'âge de 5 ans après un accident de la route.

Concourant en double mixte en arc à poulies aux Mondiaux 2019, la paire composée de Lin et He améliore le record du monde de 14 points avec 1395 points. Pour ses premiers Jeux en 2016, elle rafle l'argent en arc à poulies, battue en finale par sa compatriote Zhou Jiamin.

Lors des Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2020, Lin Yueshan remporte la médaille d'or par équipes mixte en arc à poulies avec son partenaire He. Elle participe à l'épreuve individuelle féminine mais est éliminée en huitième de finale.

Références

Liens externes

Archère handisport chinoise
Championne paralympique de tir à l'arc
Championne paralympique chinoise
Médaillée d'argent paralympique chinoise
Archère aux Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2016
Archère aux Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2020
Naissance en octobre 1988
Naissance dans la province du Guangdong

Lin Yueshan


Susumu Oki (født 23. februar 1976) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Sanfrecce Hiroshima, Oita Trinita og Ehime FC.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Susumu Oki


Olaylar
 13 Şubat - Almanya'da Rostock Üniversitesi kuruldu.

Doğumlar
 Ocak - II. Abdülhak, Fas Sultanı (ö. 1465)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Barbara Fugger, Alman iş insanı ve bankacı (ö. 1497)

Ölümler
 10 Eylül - Jean de Bourgogne, ya da Korkusuz Jean, Burgonya dükü (d. 1371)
 15 Ekim - Jeongjong, Kore Joseon Krallığı'nın ikinci kralı (d. 1357)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Torlak Kemal, Simavnalı Şeyh Bedrettin'in isyancı müridi

1419


Malcom Campbell ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Malcolm Campbell (Rennfahrer, 1885) (1885–1948), englischer Automobilrennfahrer und Journalist
 Malcolm Campbell (Altphilologe) (* 1943), britischer Altphilologe
 Malcolm Campbell (Filmeditor), Filmeditor
 Malcolm Campbell (Rennfahrer, 1956) (* 1956), australischer Motorradrennfahrer

Malcolm Campbell


Prodidomus domesticus est une espèce d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Prodidomidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique du Kasaï-Central au Congo-Kinshasa. Elle se rencontre vers Kasadi.

Description
La femelle holotype mesure  et le mâle paratype .

Le mâle décrit par Cooke en 1964 mesure  et la femelle .

Systématique et taxinomie
Cette espèce a été décrite par Lessert en 1938.

Publication originale
 Lessert, 1938 : « Araignées du Congo belge (Premiere partie). » Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, , .

Liens externes

Notes et références

Prodidomidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique de la république démocratique du Congo

Prodidomus domesticus


El Aeropuerto de Vítiazevo  o Aeropuerto de Anapa (Аэропорт Анапа) es un aeropuerto situado 5 km al norte de la ciudad-balneario de Anapa, en el krai de Krasnodar de Rusia. Se halla en las inmediaciones de Tsibanobalka y Vítiazevo.

Es operado por la OAO Aeroport Anapa, parte del holding Aeroporty Yuga, propiedad de la compañía Basel Aero, filial de la compañía Basic Element. Es un aeródromo de primera clase que puede servir a aviones de los tipos An-12, Il-18, Il-76, Tu-154, Tu-204, Tu-214, Yak-42, A319, A320, A321, B737 y a helicópteros de todo tipo. Es usado tanto por aviones civiles como por el Ministerio de Defensa de Rusia. En 2011 la pista fue reconstruida para albergar aeronaves más grandes.

Aerolíneas y destinos

En el aeropuerto trajan las siguientes compañías aéreas:

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Sitio web del aeropuerto .
 Mapa del aeropuerto .
 Mapa de ubicación de los aeropuertos Krasnodar en "Our Airports" (en inglés) Consultado el 30 de marzo de 2012

Referencias

Vitiazevo
Krai de Krasnodar

Aeropuerto de Vítiazevo


الكَرْمَة قرية تقع في معتمدية المكناسي بولاية سيدي بوزيد من الوسط التونسي.

انظر أيضًا

مواضيع ذات علاقة
 معتمدية المكناسي.
 ولاية سيدي بوزيد.

كرمة

الكرمة (سيدي بوزيد)


Süleyman Fethi Bey, (d. 1877, İstanbul - ö. 15 Mayıs 1919, İzmir), Türk asker. Üsküdarlı Fethi Bey veya Şehit Fethi Bey şeklinde de anılır.

15 Mayıs 1919 günü İzmir'in Yunan ordusunca işgalinin başlamasıyla, Hasan Tahsin'in "ilk kurşun"unun sertleştirdiği bir ortamda, Sarıkışla'da esir alınan Osmanlı askerleri arasında yer almış, Kordon'da ahalinin (özellikle Rum ahalinin) içinde Yunanların tüm zorlamalarına rağmen "Zito Venizelos" diye bağırmayı reddetmesi üzerine 22 süngü darbesi ile öldürülmüş bir Osmanlı subayıdır. Bu olayı Aziz Nesin, "Borçlu Olduklarımız" adlı çocuklara yönelik kitabında öyküleştirmiştir.

Eğitimi ve erken dönem hayatı
İstanbul'da, Sirkeci'den Gülhane Parkı kapısına doğru gidilirken yolun sağa kıvrıldığı dönemeçte yer alan ve 1950'lerde yolun genişletilmesi için yıktırılan Salkımsöğüt Kadiri tekkesinin 19. yüzyıl sonlarındaki şeyhi olan İzzî Efendi'nin oğlu olarak, Üsküdar'daki evlerinde 1877 yılında doğmuştur. Ailesi Niğde kökenlidir.

Askeri okula girmiş, başarılı bir öğrencilikten sonra 1896 yılında, sınıfının onuncusu olarak Harp Okulu'nu bitirmiştir. 1899'da kurmay subay oldu. Askerlik göreviyle Hicaz'da bulundu ve isyancılarla çatışmalara katıldı. Üstün başarılar gösterdi ve yaralandı. 1912'de Harbiye Nezareti'nde müşavir yardımcılığına atandı. 1914'te albaylığa yükseltildi. I. Dünya Savaşı'nda da üstün başarılar ve fedakârlıklarından ötürü nişanlar, madalyalar kazandı. Ancak  aldığı yaralar yüzünden hastalandı. 1916 yılında tedavi için Almanya'ya Wiesbaden kaplıcalarına gönderildi.

Süleyman Fethi Bey tedavisinden sonra Türkiye'ye döndüğünde Mütareke dönemi başlamıştı. Dördüncü Kolordu'nun İzmir Askerlik Şubesi başkanlığına atandı.

Ölümü ve hatırası
15 Mayıs 1919 günü Yunan ordusunun İzmir'i işgal etmeye başladığı sırada, eşi Edibe Hanım'ın telkinlerine aldırmayarak Karantina semtindeki evinden çıkıp işine gitti. Sarıkışla'daki bürosunda iki Yunan subayı ve yanlarındaki erler tarafından tutuklandı. Zorla odasından çıkarılarak ve Yunan askerleri arasından yürütülerek Kordon'daki Pasaport mevkiine getirdiler. Pasaport'taki rıhtım boyunda esir diye getirilmiş başka Türk subayları da tek sıra olarak yan yana dizilmişlerdi ve başlarında Evzon denilen özel kılıkta giyimli Yunan erler de bulunmaktaydı. Yunan savaş gemileri limandaydı. Ayrıca işgalden sevinç duyan yerli Rumlar alanı doldurmuş, bayram havası yaşıyorlar, yapıların damlarına, çatılarına çıkmış, balkonları, terasları doldurmuş halde sevinç çığlıkları atıyorlardı.

Bir Yunan subayı, yanında bir Efzun eriyle, tek sıra dizilmiş olan Türk subaylarından biri önünde duruyor, onlara kollarını yana kaldırtıp indirterek "Zito Venizelos!" yani "Yaşasın Venizelos!" diye bağırmalarını söylüyordu. Kollarını yana kaldırtıp indirtmek özellikle aşağılamak, küçük düşürmek içindi. Bu arada yapıların damlarındaki, çatılarındaki, evlerin balkonlarındaki Rumlar, alanı dolduranlar, alay ederek kahkahalar savuruyorlardı.

Fethi Bey, Yunan subayının dediğini yapmadı. Subay buyruğunu birkaç kez yineledi, ancak Fethi Bey onu duymamış gibi davrandı. Subayın Fethi Bey'in omuzlarındaki albaylık apoletlerini sökmek istemesi üzerine, elini şiddetle iterek, "Onları sen takmadın ki sen sökesin!" diye bağırdı.

Bunun üzerine, Yunan subayının Efzun erine verdiği bir komutla, önce bir, sonra ikinci ve üçüncü bir kez, nihayet toplam yirmi iki kez süngülendi ve sonrasında yere yıkıldı. Eşi Edibe Hanım ve yakınları, İzmir'i işgal eden Yunan birliği komutanından, Süleyman Fethi Bey'i kendilerine vermelerini istediler. Ama Yunan komutanı, yaralı albayı vermedi. Fethi Bey'in yakın dostu Ali Şefik Bey, İzmir'deki Fransız Başkonsolosluğuma başvurdu. Fransız Başkonsolosu'nun yardım ve aracılığıyla Fethi Bey Yunanlar'ın elinden alınabildi ve İtalyan hastanesine yatırıldı. Aynı gece "Makamımı görüyorum!" diye inleyerek öldürüldü.

Süleyman Fethi Bey'in na'şı, dostu Ali Şefik Bey'in Küçük Fettan Sokağı'ndaki evine getirilmiş, ertesi günkü cenaze töreni İzmir'in Türk halkı için bir gövde gösterisi olmuştur. İzmir'deki Emir Sultan Türbesi haziresine gömülmüş, süngü yaralarıyla delik deşik olmuş albay üniforması da sonradan askeri müzeye verilmiştir. 1988'de naaşı Narlıdere Şehitliği'ne taşınmışsa da Eylül 2019'da yeniden eski yerine nakledilmiştir.

Ailevi köklerinin olduğu Niğde'de adı bir caddeye ve okula verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

1877 doğumlular
İstanbul doğumlu askerler
Balkan Savaşları'nda Osmanlı askerleri
I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Osmanlı askerleri
Türk cinayet kurbanları
20. yüzyılda Osmanlılar
Mekteb-i Harbiye'de öğrenim görenler
Osmanlı karacı subayları
Mekteb-i Erkân-ı Harbiye'de öğrenim görenler
İzmir'in İşgali
1919 yılında ölenler
İzmir'de ölenler
Türkiye'de cinayet sonucu ölenler
Emir Sultan Türbesi'ne defnedilenler

Süleyman Fethi Bey


Nacionalna fronta oslobođenja Moro (eng. Moro National Liberation Front, skraćeno MNLF) pobunjenička je skupina koja djeluje na području Filipina osnovana 1971. Nastala je iz Muslimanskog pokreta neovisnosti, koji je zbog terorističkih napada ugašen 1970-ih, te se nastavila boriti za neovisnost Bangsamoroa i Mindanaoa. Iako je po svojoj strukturi teroristička organizacija s ciljem islamizacije inače pretežito katoličkih Filipina, skupinu službeno novčano pomaže i potiče država Malezija. Unatoč tome što se bori za islamizaciju Mindanaoa, Moro se bori protiv Islamske Države i novčano potpomaže borbu protiv nje.

Moro je 1996. sporazumom s filipinskom vladom (uz uvjet prestanka terorističkih djelovanja) iznudio proglašenje Autonomne regije Muslimanski Mindanao, na područjima gdje u broju stanovništva viši (ili jednak) udjel ima islamska vjerska manjina. Za guvernera regije bio je postavljen Nur Misuari, jedan od osnivača Moroa, ali je zbog vala nasilja nad katolicima i žestokih prosvjeda protiv filipinske vlasti simjenjen s te dužnosti u studenom 2001., nakon čega je nakratko pobjegao u Maleziju gdje nije uspio dobiti politički azil. Nakon toga, vraćen je u Filipine, gdje mu se sudilo za počinjene zločine.

Izvori

Terorističke skupine
Politika Filipina

Nacionalna fronta oslobođenja Moro


Le pansement israélien est un pansement compressif utilisé en premier secours, afin de stopper un saignement important. Il a été utilisé pour la première fois lors de la guerre de Bosnie-Herzégovine par les forces de l'OTAN, avant de se répandre très largement dans le paquetage de base de nombreuses armées. Il a été dit « israélien » par les forces américaines en raison de la nationalité de son inventeur, le médecin militaire israélien Bernard Bar-Natan (ou Ben-Natan).

Fonctionnement
Ce pansement compressif est comparable au coussin hémostatique d'urgence par son objectif : stopper un saignement par compression directe de la plaie. Cependant il s'en différencie par son système d'attache qui permet d'exercer une pression beaucoup plus importante : soit 88 mmHg contre 22 mmHg pour le bandage ordinaire. Néanmoins, la pression exercée reste inférieure à celle réalisée par un opérateur humain.

Il est souvent présent dans les paquetages militaires et apprécié par les survivalistes, ayant l'avantage de pouvoir être mis par la victime elle-même, mais il équipe également les SMUR en France ainsi que les équipes de secouristes (pompiers, Croix-Rouge…).

Notes et références

Premiers secours
Médecine militaire

Pansement israélien


Sulfamidochrysoidin (Prontosil®), 1930'ların başında Gerhard Domagk tarafından keşfedilen antibiyotiktir. Yaygın olarak kullanılan ilk kemoterapötik ajan, ilk oral antibiyotik olan prontosil'in kaşifi Gerhard Domagk 1939 yılında Nobel Tıp Ödülü almıştır. Prontosil'in kimyasal formülü C12H13N5O2S - HCl'dir.

Sulfonamit antibiyotikleri
Ön ilaçlar
Alman icatları

Sulfamidochrysoidin


Seafair is a summer festival in Seattle, Washington, that encompasses a wide variety of small neighborhood events leading up to several major citywide celebrations. While many small block parties and local parades occur under the auspices of Seafair, most Seattle residents associate Seafair with the Torchlight Parade (and accompanying Torchlight Run), Seafair Cup hydroplane races, and the Blue Angels. Seafair has been an annual event in Seattle since 1950 but its roots can be traced to the 1911 Seattle Golden Potlatch Celebrations.

History

The 2020 schedule for Seafair was cancelled on May 20, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on public gatherings. The next edition of Seafair was also cancelled in April 2021, stating that "while encouraged by Governor Inslee's Phase 3 guidelines that support small and medium size events to return with limitations, Seafair leadership recognizes the guidelines will not support events the scale of a city-wide festival."

Events
Seafair begins in mid-June; since 1949, its arrival has been heralded by the Seafair Pirates Landing on Alki Beach, and the Milk Carton Derby on Green Lake, a whimsical boat race in which all the boats have been constructed out of empty milk cartons. Entries always range from those carefully shaped for speed and stability to those designed for maximum amusement. The Derby is usually associated with a variety of activities for children and families on the shores of Green Lake.

The Seafair Half Marathon was added in 2002, follow three years later by the full Seafair Marathon. Participants can run or walk the  and  courses. If a shorter distance is more appealing, participants can run or walk a 5 km course. The 2008 Seafair Half Marathon and Seafair Marathon began at Husky Stadium, crossed the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge, and ended at Bellevue, Washington's Bellevue Downtown Park. After the race, live music was performed. In 2009, the Seafair Marathon and Half Marathon were replaced with the Rock 'n' Roll Seattle Marathon and Half Marathon.

In 2013, an Independence Day fireworks show at Lake Union known as the Seafair Summer Fourth was added. The event serves as a de facto successor to the Family Fourth fireworks event formerly held at the same site, which had been discontinued by its organizers due to a lack of funding. The event was revived under the auspices of Seafair with the financial support of local sponsors.

The Seafair Triathlon is held on the shores of Lake Washington from Seward Park.  It features both Sprint - half-mile swim,  bike ride, and 5 km run - and Olympic distances. Participants can compete individually or as a team. Typically, the Seafair Triathlon is held the third weekend of July. In 2007, the Seafair Triathlon saw a record turnout of 2,200.

The Torchlight festivities

The last weekend in July belongs to the Torchlight Parade and Torchlight Run. Many local organizations participate in these events, held on the streets of downtown Seattle. The local woman who has been selected as "Miss Seafair" (prior to 1972, "Seafair Queen") plays a prominent role in the parade. It is traditionally preceded by the Torchlight Run, a short (8 km) race through the city's streets in which many participants run in costume.

The Seafair Weekend
One of the most popular events of the festival is the Seafair Weekend, held traditionally the first weekend of August on Genesee Park. Seafair Weekend main events include hydroplane racing on the water and aerobatics show in the sky.

The Seafair Cup is an American Boat Racing Association unlimited hydroplane racing circuit stop at  Stan Sayres Memorial Park on Lake Washington, in the Seward Park neighborhood. The races attract tens of thousands of spectators, both those standing on the public shores of the lake, and those in boats anchored just outside the course in the lake itself.

A tradition started in 1972, the Seafair Air Show is an aerobatics show coincidently with the days of the Seafair Cup. World-class aerobatics teams perform their aerial stunts over Lake Washington, most prominently the US Navy Blue Angels and US Army Golden Knights. Notoriously, the Blue Angels have been attending the Air Show annually since its first edition, excepting in three occasions. The aerobatics show is a slightly controversial part of Seafair, as some local residents fear an accident involving the low-flying aircraft, and some find the noise of the jet engines irritating. There was no show at Seafair in 1994 and 1995 as a result of a dispute with the FAA about whether they could safely fly over Lake Washington. In 1996 the Blue Angels flew over Elliott Bay, west of downtown Seattle, in a separate event from the hydroplane race, but this was a financial flop, and they returned to being part of the race-weekend festivities over Lake Washington in 1997. Due to government budget cuts, the Blue Angels did not perform at Seafair 2013; they were replaced by the Patriots Jet Team. From 2019, the aerobatics show fly-over area was moved south to avoid the closing of the floating bridges carrying Interstate 90 between Mercer Island and Seattle during the three days of Seafair Weekend.

Groups

The Seafair Pirates

Another aspect of Seafair is the involvement of the Seafair Pirates, an organization that works year-round entertaining children in hospitals and performing other acts of community service including extensive fundraising. However, the pirates also usually perform loud—occasionally offensive—antics at Seafair (in an attempt to live up to their name) that cause perennial objection to their prominent involvement in the festivities. Despite this reputation, most people who enjoy Seafair see them as an essential part of the event.

References

Air shows in the United States
Washington (state) culture
Festivals in Seattle
Seattle Center
H1 Unlimited

Boat festivals
1950 establishments in Washington (state)
Recurring events established in 1950
Aviation in Washington (state)

Seafair


La torre de Pedro-Sem forma parte del palacio de los Terenas, situado en Oporto, Portugal. Se levantó por mandato del hidalgo aragonés Pero Docem o Pero do Sem, chanciller de Alfonso IV de Portugal, durante la primera mitad del , en lo que entonces eran los alrededores del burgo medieval. Conserva como estilos fundamentales el Románico y el Gótico. Es monumento nacional desde 1910.

Historia
A finales del  fue vendida a la familia Brandão, que la añadió al palacio. En el Renacimiento sirvió como hospital. Después pasó a manos del mercader Pedro Pedrossem da Silva, que aunque rico, terminó perdiendo su fortuna. En 1919 fue adquirida por la diócesis de Oporto y después adquirida a la fuerza por los republicanos portugueses. En esa época sufrió diversas remodelaciones, como lo demuestra la disposición asimétrica de sus ventanas. Se sabe por un grabado de 1909 que, entre esas reformas, se le añadió un tercer piso.

En 1986 se restauró como anexo diocesano según proyecto del arquitecto Abrunhosa de Brito, cambiándose por completo su interior. En 1995 pasó a formar parte de la fundación canóniga Spes.

Enlaces externos
 (En portugués) Torre de Pedro-Sem en IGESPAR

Arquitectura de Oporto
Pedro-Sem
Monumentos nacionales en el distrito de Oporto
Arquitectura de Portugal del siglo XIV

Torre de Pedro-Sem


Skolenævn var folkevalgte udvalg, der fandtes ved landets folkeskoler i perioden 1970-89.
Skolenævnene havde bl.a. indflydelse på godkendelsen af skolernes fag- og timefordeling.
Skolenævnene afløstes af skolebestyrelser.

Henvisninger
 Skolekommission og skolenævn

Uddannelsesinstitutioner

Skolenævn


was a town located in Arida District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,405 and a density of 78.74 persons per km². The total area was 119.44 km².

On January 1, 2006, Kanaya, along with the towns of Kibi and Shimizu (all from Arida District), was merged to create the town of Aridagawa.

External links
Official town website (in Japanese)

Dissolved municipalities of Wakayama Prefecture
Aridagawa, Wakayama

Kanaya, Wakayama


Garrett M. Brown este un actor american.  Este cel mai cunoscut pentru interpretarea lui Bob Russell în Unchiul Buck (1989) și a lui James Lizewski în Kick-Ass (2010) și Kick-Ass 2 (2013).  A mai interpretat rolul titular din Hello, My Name Is Frank (2014).

Filmografie (parțială)
Zelig (1983)
Lucas (1986)
Unchiul Buck (1989)
Turbulence (1997)
Inventing the Abbotts (1997)
The Sky Is Falling (2000)
Fun with Dick and Jane (2005)
Gridiron Gang (2006)
Kiss the Bride (2007)
The First Time (2009)
Kick-Ass (2010)
Numărul patru (2011)
Kick-Ass 2 (2013)
Hello, My Name Is Frank (2014)

Referințe și note

Legături externe

 http://www.cinemagia.ro/actori/garrett-m-brown-39179/

Actori americani
Nașteri în 1948

Garrett M. Brown


Julia Craven Howard (born August 20, 1944) is a  Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly representing the state's seventy-seventh House district, including constituents in Forsyth and Davie counties.  She is a realtor from Mocksville, North Carolina. She earned her degree from Salem College in two years.

Electoral history

2020

2018

2016

2014

2012

2010

2008

2006

2004

2002

2000

References

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Republican Party members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
Women state legislators in North Carolina
Living people
Salem College alumni
People from Mocksville, North Carolina
People from Rowan County, North Carolina
1944 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians

Julia C. Howard


1. සෙම්ප්‍රතිශ්‍යාවක් සෑදීගෙන එනවිට
අමු ඉගුරු,කොත්තමල්ලි,පත්පාඩගම්,කටුවැල් බටු,කළං 3 බැගින් ගෙන වතුර පත 8-1 සිඳුවා
සීනි අනුපානය කොට පත 1/2 බැගින් උදේ සවස වඬි 4 ක් පමණ බොන්න.
සහිද ලුණු අනුපානය කොට බීම වඬාත් හොදයි.

2. සෙම්ප්‍රතිශ්‍යා උණට
අමු ඉගුරු, කොත්තමල්ලි,පත්පාඩගම්, කටුවැල්බටු,දේවදාර කළං දෙකයි.
මදටිය 8 බැගින් ගෙන වතුර පත 8-1 සිඳ සහිඳ ලුණු අනුපානය කොට
උදේ සවස පත භාගය බැගින් බොන්න.(වඩි 3 පමණ)

3. කැස්ස සහිත සෙම්ප්‍රතිශ්‍යා උණට
තිප්පිලි කළං 1 යි, අමු ඉගුරු කළං 2යි, බැදපු කොත්තමල්ලි කළං 3 යි,
වතුර පත 8-4 සිඳුවා වී පොරි කළං 6 ක් දමා පත එකට සිඳුවා සහිඳ ලුණු කළඳක් දමා
උදේ හිස්බඩ එකවර පතම බොන්න.

4. සෙම සහිත කැස්සට
අමු ඉගුරු,කටුවැල්,බටු තිප්පිලි,සුවඳ කොට්ටන් කළං 3 බැගින් ගෙන වතුර පත 8-1ට සිඳ
උදේ සවස සීනි දමා වඩි කීපයක් බොන්න.

5. පපුවේ සෙමට
සරිතේක්කු,අමු ඉගුරු,කළං 6 බැගින් ගෙන වතුර පත 8-1 සිඳුවා පත 1/2 බැගින්
සූකිරි අනුපානය කොට උදේ සවස වඩි 4 ක් බොන්න.

6. සෙම් ගෙඬිවලට
I – නිල් කටරොල් මුල්,මුරුංගා පොතු සිවිය,නිකමුල් සමව ගෙන තම්බා මී පැණි දමා උදේ සවස බොන්න.

II – මුරුංගා මුල්,ඇඹුල් දොඬම් යුෂින් ගලගා හක්කේ තියා සෙම අරින්න.

III – ගම්මිරිස් කුඬු,දිය ලුණු වතුරට දමා උගුර සෝදන්න. (සෙම්ගෙඬි නිතර සෑදේ නම් හොඳ නැත.
භයානක රෝග ඇතිවිය හැකි බැවින් වෛද්‍යවරයෙකු හමුවන්න.

7. කල්ගිය සෙම්ප්‍රතිශ්‍යාවට
රසකිඳ,කටුවැල් බටු,අමු ඉගුරු,කලාඳුරු අල,සුවඳ කොට්ටං කළං 2 යි.
මදටිය 8 බැගින් ගෙන වතුර පත 8-1 සිඳ සීනි දමා උදේ සවස පත 1/2 බැගින් වඩි 4 ක් පමණ බොන්න.

Read more---> https://alllankablog.blogspot.com/2016/01/sinhala-ath-beheth.html

සිංහල අත් බෙහෙත්