The University of Reading is a public research university in Reading, Berkshire, England. It was founded in 1892 as University College, Reading, a University of Oxford extension college. The institution received the power to grant its own degrees in 1926 by royal charter from King George V and was the only university to receive such a charter between the two world wars. The university is usually categorised as a red brick university, reflecting its original foundation in the 19th century.

Reading has four major campuses. In the United Kingdom, the campuses on London Road and Whiteknights are based in the town of Reading itself, and Greenlands is based on the banks of the River Thames in Buckinghamshire. It also has a campus in Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia. The university has been arranged into 16 academic schools since 2016. The annual income of the institution for 2021–22 was £302.3 million of which £37.8 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £385.8 million.

History

University College
The university owes its first origins to the Schools of Art and Science established in Reading in 1860 and 1870. In 1892, the College at Reading was founded as an extension college by Christ Church, a college of the University of Oxford. The first president was the geographer Sir Halford John Mackinder, and the college's first home was the old hospitium building behind Reading Town Hall. The Schools of Art and Science were transferred to the new college by Reading Town Council in the same year.

The new college received its first treasury grant in 1901. Three years later it was given a site, now the university's London Road Campus, by the Palmer family (connected with the firm of Huntley & Palmers). The same family supported the opening of Wantage Hall in 1908 and of the Research Institute in Dairying in 1912.

University status
The college first applied for a royal charter in 1920 but was unsuccessful at that time. However a second petition, in 1925, was successful, and the charter was officially granted on 17 March 1926. With the charter, the college became the University of Reading, the only new university to be created in the United Kingdom between the two world wars. It was added to the Combined English Universities constituency in 1928 in time for the 1929 general election.

In 1947, the university purchased Whiteknights Park, which was to become its principal campus. In 1984, the university started a merger with Bulmershe College of Higher Education, which was completed in 1989.

2006–present
In October 2006, the Senior Management Board proposed the closure of its Physics Department to future undergraduate application. This was ascribed to financial reasons and lack of alternative ideas and caused considerable controversy, not least a debate in Parliament over the closure which prompted heated discussion of higher education issues in general. On 10 October, the Senate voted to close the Department of Physics, a move confirmed by the council on 20 November. Other departments closed in recent years include Music, Sociology, Geology, and Mechanical Engineering. The university council decided in March 2009 to close the School of Health and Social Care, a school whose courses have consistently been oversubscribed.

In January 2008, the university announced its merger with the Henley Management College to create the university's new Henley Business School, bringing together Henley College's expertise in MBAs with the university's existing Business School and ICMA Centre. The merger took formal effect on 1 August 2008, with the new business school split across the university's existing Whiteknights Campus and its new Greenlands Campus that formerly housed Henley Management College.

A restructuring of the university was announced in September 2009, which would bring together all the academic schools into three faculties, these being the Faculty of Science, the Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Social sciences, and Henley Business School. The move was predicted to result in the loss of some jobs, especially in the film, theatre and television department, which has since moved into a brand new £11.5 million building on Whiteknights Campus.

In late 2009 it was announced that the London Road Campus was to undergo a £30 million renovation, preparatory to becoming the new home of the university's Institute of Education. The Institute moved to its new home in January 2012. The refurbishment was partially funded by the sale of the adjoining site of Mansfield Hall, a former hall of residence, for demolition and replacement by private sector student accommodation.

The university is a lead sponsor of UTC Reading, a new university technical college which opened in September 2013.

In 2016, a move to reorganise the structure of Reading University provoked student protests. On 21 March 2016, staff announced a vote of no confidence in the vice chancellor Sir David Bell. Eighty-eight per cent of those who voted backed the no confidence motion.

In 2019, The Guardian reported the university was in "a financial and governance crisis" after recently reporting itself to regulators over a £121 million loan. The university is sole trustee of the charitable National Institute for Research in Dairying trust, and after selling trust land had then borrowed the £121 million proceeds from the trust, despite the potential conflict of interest in the decision making. Including this loan, the university has debts of £300 million, as well as having an operating deficit of over £40 million for the past two years.

In 2021, the university declared, in a statement reply to the student's union, that it would not refund tuition fees for its students.

Campuses

The university maintains over  of grounds, in four distinct campuses:

Whiteknights
Whiteknights Campus, at , is the largest and includes Whiteknights Lake, conservation meadows and woodlands as well as most of the university's departments. Though within the Reading urban area, most of the campus actually falls within Wokingham District (parish of Earley). The campus takes its name from the nickname of the 13th century knight John De Erleigh IV or the 'White Knight', and was landscaped in the 18th century by the Marquis of Blandford. The main university library, in the middle of the campus, holds nearly a million books and subscribes to around 4,000 periodicals. The URS building, designed by Howell, Killick, Partridge & Amis in concrete brutalist style in the 1970s is Grade II listed. The Whiteknights campus was voted one of the best green spaces in the United Kingdom for the seventh year running in the 2017 Green Flag People's Choice awards.

London Road
The smaller London Road Campus is the original university site and is closer to the town centre of Reading, sited across from the Royal Berkshire Hospital. The London Road site is home to The Institute of Education – a major provider of teacher training in the UK. The Institute moved to its new home in January 2012 after the campus was refurbished at a cost of £30 million. The London Road site also plays host to the university graduation ceremonies twice a year, in the Great Hall.

Greenlands
The Greenlands Campus, on the banks of the River Thames in Buckinghamshire. Once the home of William Henry Smith, son of the founder of WH Smith, and latterly the site of the Henley Management College, this campus became part of the university on 1 August 2008, with the merger of that college with the university's Business School to form the Henley Business School. The school's MBA and corporate learning offerings will be based at Greenlands, with undergraduate and other postgraduate courses being based at Whiteknights.

Malaysia
An Asian campus at Iskandar, Malaysia was formally opened in February 2016. It offers a range of professional programmes at foundation, undergraduate and postgraduate levels including the Henley Business School MBA. First announced in October 2012, it is the university's first overseas campus. The project was overseen by Tony Downes. Professor Wing Lam took over as Provost in May 2018 after the retirement of Tony Downes and restructured the campus to enable it to focus on core professional disciplines that were aligned with the region's need for talent.

Other sites
The former Bulmershe Court Campus in Woodley was the site of the former Bulmershe Teaching College, which merged with The University of Reading in 1989. The campus was sold in January 2014 as the university decided to concentrate its activity on its three other campuses. It had previously moved all teaching and research at Bulmershe either to Whiteknights or to London Road, and closed the student accommodation.

The university also owns  of farmland in the nearby villages of Arborfield, Sonning and Shinfield. These support a mixed farming system including dairy cows, ewes and beef animals, and host research centres of which the flagship is the Centre for Dairy Research.

As part of the proposed Whiteknights Development Plan in Autumn 2007, the university proposed spending up to £250 million on its estates over 30 years, principally to focus academic activities onto the Whiteknights site. The university also announced its intention to site some functions on the London Road site, and proposed a complete withdrawal from Bulmershe Court by 2012, which was accomplished.

Museums, libraries and botanical gardens

Reading University maintains four museums, the main campus library, a range of inter-departmental libraries, and a botanical garden. The largest and best known of these museums is the Museum of English Rural Life, which has recently relocated from a location on Whiteknights Campus to a site nearer the town centre next to the London Road Campus. The Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology, the Cole Museum of Zoology, the University of Reading Herbarium and the Harris Garden are all on the Whiteknights Campus.

The University Library at Whiteknights makes available over 1 million physical resources, as well as a range of electronic online resources, from 14,000 square metres of space across seven floors. The secondary site library at the university's Bulmershe campus closed in 2011 and its operative collections were transferred. There is also a library in the university's Meteorology department.

The library underwent refurbishment costing £40 million starting in 2016 and was re-opened in autumn 2019. The redevelopment aimed to improve the energy efficiency of the building with the installation of new windows, cladding and roofing. New lifts, additional study seating capacity, a larger Library cafe with an outside seating area, more toilets (including disabled and gender-neutral provision) and card-access security barriers were also part of the refurbishment programme.

Organisation and governance

Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Science
School of Arts and Communication Design
Department of Art
Department of Film, Theatre and Television
Department of Typography and Graphic Communication
Institute of Education
School of Humanities
Department of Classics
Department of History
Department of Philosophy
School of Law
School of Literature and Languages
Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics
Department of English Literature
Department of Languages and Cultures
School of Politics, Economics and International Relations
Department of Economics
Department of Politics and International Relations
International Study and Language Institute

Faculty of Life Sciences
School of Agriculture, Policy and Development
School of Biological Sciences
School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy
Department of Chemistry
Food and Nutritional Sciences
The Reading School of Pharmacy
School of Psychology and Clinical Language Science
Department of Clinical Language Sciences
Department of Psychology

Faculty of Science
School of Construction Management and Engineering
School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science
Department of Archaeology
Department of Geography and Environmental Science
School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
Department of Meteorology
Department of Computer Science

Henley Business School
Henley Business School is a highly selective, top-ranking business school, among only 58 institutions worldwide to be granted Triple accreditation by the three largest and most influential business school accreditation associations: EQUIS, AMBA and the AACSB. It includes several academic areas:
Marketing and Reputation
Business Informatics, Systems and Accounting
Leadership and Organisational Behaviours
International Business and Strategy
ICMA Centre
Real Estate and Planning

Graduate school
The university-wide Graduate School is a faculty providing training and a range of support for doctoral researchers and related staff across the other four faculties.

Governing bodies and roles
The university is nominally led by a chancellor, who is the titular head of the university and is normally a well-known public figure. The day-to-day chief executive role is the responsibility of the vice-chancellor, a full-time academic post. The senior management board of the university is headed by the vice-chancellor, assisted by a deputy-vice-chancellor, three pro-vice-chancellors, four deans and five heads of directorate. It is responsible for the day-to-day management of the university and meets fortnightly throughout most of the year.

The senior management board reports to the university's Senate, the main academic administrative body. The senate has around 100 members and meets at least four times a year and advises on areas such as student entry, assessment and awards. Membership includes deans, heads and elected representatives of schools, as well as professional staff and students. The Senate in turn reports to the Council, which is the supreme governing body of the university, setting strategic direction, ensuring compliance with statutory requirements and approving constitutional changes. The Council meets four times a year and comprises a broad representation of lay members drawn from commercial, community and professional organisations.

On 24 March 2016, it was announced that William Waldegrave was to be the new chancellor of Reading University. Lord Waldegrave is the fourth Conservative politician to be appointed chancellor of the university, following Austen Chamberlain, Sir Samuel Hoare and Lord Carrington. Waldegrave's predecessor, Sir John Madejski is also a supporter of, and contributor to, the Conservative Party.

Academic profile

Admissions

New students entering the university in 2020 had an average of 129 points (the equivalent of ABB at A Level). According to the 2023 Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide, approximately 13% of Reading's undergraduates come from independent schools.

Reputation and rankings

Departments in the university have been awarded the biannual Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education five times: in 1998, in the Humanities, Social Sciences and Law category, for work on Shakespeare; in 2005, in the Environment category; in 2008, again in Humanities, Social Sciences and Law; in 2011, for "teaching and design applications in typography, through print and new technologies" in Typography & Graphic Communication; and in 2021, again in the category of Environment And Conservation, for "connecting communities with climate change" through "new modelling work on the interaction between the Earth's climate and local weather systems, enabling the development of risk assessment, community preparedness and action to tackle climate change."

Reading was ranked 35th in the UK amongst multi-faculty institutions for the quality (GPA) of its research and 28th for its Research Power in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework. In total, 98% of the university's research is labelled as 'internationally recognised', 78% as 'internationally excellent and 27% as 'world leading'.

Its School of Agriculture Policy and Development was ranked top in the UK and 11th in the world, according to the QS classification of universities by subject.

Finance
In recent years the university has been beset by controversy, with the closure of departments and job losses among staff. The university lost 7.7% of its HEFCE funding in fiscal year 2010–2011. In 2016 a move to reorganise the structure of Reading University provoked protests.

Affiliated institutions
The Gyosei International College in the U.K. was established on property acquired from the University of Reading in 1989. The college, later renamed Witan International College, was acquired by the University of Reading in 2004. Witan College closed in 2008.

In 2009 the university partnered with the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology to offer Chinese students courses taught by the department of chemistry. In 2015 this was expanded to form the NUIST Reading Academy which currently offers six degree programs and enrolls nearly 400 students annually.

Student life

Students' Union
Reading University Students' Union (RUSU) is the affiliated student organisation which represents the students' interests. The university also has a number of Junior Common Rooms that are linked to the Students' Union. The Students' Union has been the launchpad for many successful careers including Penny Mordaunt (MP for Portsmouth North), who was the 1994–5 president of the Students' Union.

The Students' Union runs the student radio station. It broadcasts locally from the Whiteknights campus in university retail outlets and over an internet live stream on a full-time basis. The station was formed in 1997 and started broadcasting in 2001 on 1287AM and transferred to solely online in 2007. It also publishes the Spark, a newspaper aimed at the student population of the university, which is published fortnightly during term-time only and student television station RU:ON.

The union provides a free advice service to students, and facilitates over 160 different activities for students to get involved in. The Students' Union building on Whiteknights Campus contains a 2500 capacity venue called 3sixty (recently renovated in 2018), with seven bars, and a number of retail outlets. The retail outlets include an Asian supermarket, a Starbucks and a hairdressers.

Halls and accommodation

Student accommodation is provided in a number of halls of residence offering a mix of partially catered (19 meals per week) and self-catering accommodation, along with other self-catering accommodation. Following a major review the university is now proceeding with the integrated Halls and Catering Strategy, that will see several halls replaced as well as new ones created with social, catering & welfare facilities provided in hub areas. Most of the halls of residence lie close to the northern campus periphery and in residential areas close by.

Wantage Hall is the second oldest purpose-built hall in England outside of Oxford and Cambridge, opening a year after Hulme Hall at the University of Manchester, and is built in the style of an 'Oxbridge' college.

St. Andrews Hall closed in 2001 and is now the home of the Museum of English Rural Life.

St. George's Hall and the Reading Student Village (renamed Benyon) are leased back to the university from UPP. The cost of leasing back the Student Village to the university, according to the university accounts, was £1.3 million in 2002–03 and £1.5 million for 2003–04.

In 2011 the management of the mature and international halls, Hillside and Martindale, was taken over by the "Estates management team", as was Bulmershe Hall in 2012, the sale of which was finalised in 2014. In the same year the new Kendrick Halls were opened on the ground of halls which had not been in use for many years. These are not managed by the university.

Working with business
Reading hosts a number of private sector businesses on its campuses, either occupying dedicated buildings or in managed space at the Science & Technology Centre or Enterprise Hub.

Science & Technology Centre
The University of Reading Science & Technology Centre is situated on the eastern side of Whiteknights Campus. The Science & Technology Centre supports and accommodates technology companies from start-up through to larger SMEs.

Notable companies currently or previously based at the Science & Technology Centre include Reading Scientific Services Ltd.

Reading Enterprise Hub
Reading Enterprise Hub is a business incubator opened in 2003. The hub was jointly sponsored by the university and SEEDA, and sought to attract startup high tech companies, particularly those with interests in environmental technology, information technology, life sciences, and materials science.

The hub was originally situated in World War II-era temporary office buildings on the university's Whiteknights campus. During the summer of 2008, the hub was demolished, along with the neighbouring former agriculture buildings, and the remaining tenants relocated to a building on the London Road campus. As of April 2010, a new Reading Enterprise Centre is being constructed on the hub's original site.

Notable people

Officers

Principals of University College, Reading
Sir Halford John Mackinder (1892–1903)
William Macbride Childs (1903–1926)

Chancellors of the University of Reading
 J. H. Benyon (1926–1935)
 Sir Austen Chamberlain (1935–1937)
 Sir Samuel Hoare (1937–1959)
 Lord Bridges (1959–1969)
 Sir Roger Makins (1970–1992)
 Lord Carrington (1992–2007)
 Sir John Madejski (2007–2016)
 William Waldegrave (2016–2022)
 Paul Lindley (2022–Present)

Vice-Chancellors of the University of Reading
 William Macbride Childs (1926–1929)
 Sir Franklin Sibly (1929–1946)
 Sir Frank Stenton (1946–1950)
 Sir John Wolfenden (1950–1963)
 Sir Harry Raymond Pitt (1964–1978)
 Ewan Page (1979–1993)
 Sir Roger Williams (1993–2002)
 Gordon Marshall (2003 – July 2011)
 Tony Downes (acting; July 2011 – January 2012)
 Sir David Bell (January 2012 – September 2018)
 Robert Van de Noort (August 2018 – Present)

Notable academics

 Stanislav Andreski – was a professor of Sociology at the University of Reading
 Malcolm Barber – Emeritus Professor of History, University of Reading
 Dianne Berry – Professor of Psychology and Dean of Postgraduate Research Studies at the University of Reading
 James Anthony Betts - inaugural Professor of Fine Arts at the University of Reading (1934-1963)
 Humphry Bowen – Reader in Analytical Chemistry at the University of Reading
 Nicola Bradbury – Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Reading
 William de Burgh – Professor of Philosophy, University of Reading
 Mark Casson – Professor of Economics, University of Reading
Susanne Clausen – Professor of Fine Art, University of Reading
 Francis Cole – Professor of Zoology, University of Reading
 Howard Colquhoun – Professor of Materials Chemistry, University of Reading
 John Cottingham – Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, University of Reading
 Neil Crosby – Professor of Real Estate, University of Reading
 Jonathan Dancy – Professor of Philosophy, University of Reading
 Michael Drew – Professor of Chemistry, University of Reading
 Christopher Duggan – was Professor of Modern Italian History, University of Reading
 Antony Flew – was Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, University of Reading
Rosa Freedman – Professor of law, conflict, and global development
 Sir Terry Frost – was Professor of Fine Art, University of Reading
 Michael Fulford – Professor of Archaeology and Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the University of Reading
 Colin S. Gray – Professor of International Relations and Strategic Studies, University of Reading
 Edward Guggenheim – was a thermodynamicist and professor of chemistry at the University of Reading
 Andrew Gurr – was a professor of English at the University of Reading until his retirement and is a leading authority on Shakespeare
Katherine Harloe - Professor of Classics, expert on classical reception, in particular the classicist and art historian Johann Joachim Winckelmann
 Beatrice Heuser – Professor of International Relations, University of Reading
 Gustav Holst – former lecturer in Music at University College, Reading
 Brad Hooker – Professor of Philosophy, University of Reading
 Harold Hopkins – was a professor of Applied Physical Optics at the University of Reading
 Sir Brian Hoskins – Professor of Meteorology, University of Reading and Director of the Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Imperial College London
 Vitaliy Khutoryanskiy – Professor of Formulation Science and Royal Society Industry Fellow
 Mary Lewis – Professor of Bioarchaeology, University of Reading
 Michael Lockwood – Professor of Space Environment Physics, University of Reading
 William Burley Lockwood – Professor of Germanic and Indo-European Philology 1968–1982
 J-P Mayer – Professor Emeritus, editor of the works of Alexis de Tocqueville and founder of the Tocqueville Research Centre at the university
 Roger W. Mills – Emeritus Professor of Finance, University of Reading
 Edith Morley – Professor of English, University College, Reading: the first woman appointed (1908) to a chair at a British university-level institution.
 Crispin St. J. A. Nash-Williams – was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Reading
 David S. Oderberg – Professor of Philosophy, University of Reading
 Frank R. Palmer – Emeritus Professor of the Linguistic Science, University of Reading
 Richard Rado – was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Reading
 Peter Robinson – poet, poetry editor at Two Rivers Press, and Professor of English and American literature at the University of Reading
 Michael Schmitt – Professor of International Law, University of Reading
 Ted Shepherd – Grantham Professor of Climate Science, elected Fellow of the Royal Society
 Hugh Macdonald Sinclair – pioneer of human nutrition and visiting professor in Food Science at the University of Reading
 Keith Shine – Professor of Meteorology, University of Reading
Jeremy Paul Edward Spencer - Professor of Molecular Nutrition, University of Reading
 Sir Frank Stenton – was a professor of History at the University of Reading
 Galen Strawson – Professor of Philosophy, University of Reading
 Percy and Annie Ure – husband and wife team. Percy was the first professor of classics at Reading and Annie was the curator of the Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology
Magdalen Dorothea Vernon – Professor of psychology, first woman to head the department
 Andrew Wallace-Hadrill – Director of the British School at Rome and professor of Classics, University of Reading
 Kevin Warwick – former Professor of Cybernetics, University of Reading
 Stuart Woolf - Reader in Italian from 1965 to 1974

Drop Outs
 Robin Kinross

Notable alumni

See also
 Early Modern Research Centre (University of Reading)
 International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, a project of the university
 List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)

References

External links

Educational institutions established in 1892
1892 establishments in England
Buildings and structures in Reading, Berkshire
Universities UK

University of Reading


Mig Thai er en børnefilm fra 2013 instrueret af Kaspar Astrup Schröder efter manuskript af Kaspar Astrup Schröder.

Handling
Den lille dreng Storm skal flytte til Thailand med sin mor og far. Der er meget anderledes end hjemme i Danmark - for eksempel spiser de stegte græshopper! Storm skal lære et helt nyt sprog, men her er også spændende, og han får hurtigt nye venner.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Børnefilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2013

Mig Thai


Rob Norbury es un actor inglés, más conocido por haber interpretado a Donnie Briscoe en Grange Hill y a Riley Costello en la serie Hollyoaks.

Carrera
Del 2005 al 2007 dio vida a Donnie Briscoe en la serie Grange Hill.

En el 2007 Rob apareció en uno de los spin-off de Hollyoaks, llamado "Hollyoaks: In The City" donde interpretó a Lennox.

El 20 de julio del 2010 se unió al elenco principal de la exitosa serie británica Hollyoaks donde interpretó al encantador y deportista Riley Costello, hasta el 2 de octubre del 2012 luego de que su personaje muriera en el hospital al recibir un disparo accidentalmete de Simon Walker (Neil Newbon).

En el 2011 Rob junto a los actores Craig Vye y Rachel Shenton participaron saltando de un avión para recaudar fondos para la organización benéfica "NDCS", quien ayuda a niños sordos.

Filmografía

Series de televisión

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Digital Spy > Celebrity News > Rob Norbury

Actores de televisión de Inglaterra

Rob Norbury


Old Rhine or Oude Rijn may refer to:

 Oude Rijn (Gelderland), a long former bend in river Rhine in the Dutch province of Gelderland
 Oude Rijn (Utrecht and South Holland), a branch of the Rhine delta in the Dutch provinces of Utrecht and South Holland
 Alter Rhein, the old river bed of the Alpine Rhine in St. Gallen and Vorarlberg in the Alpine Rhine Valley

See also
 List of old waterbodies of the Rhine

Old Rhine


30719 Isserstedt este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
30719 Isserstedt este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Tautenburg de Karl W. Kamper. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,08 ua, o excentricitate de 0,21 și o înclinație de 15,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 30001-31000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1963
Centura de asteroizi

30719 Isserstedt


Akustik (ses bilimi), sesi inceleyen bir bilim dalıdır. Katı, sıvı veya gaz halindeki maddelerde dalga yayılımının fiziksel özelliklerini inceler. Bunlar arasında gürültüye yol açan titreşimlerin ve gürültünün kontrolü de vardır.

Çalışmalar
Akustik ile uğraşan bilim insanları ve mühendisler, sesi ve insan işitmesini incelerler. Farklı nesnelerin sesle ne şekilde etkilendiklerini de araştırırlar.

Mühendisler, uygun seste iletişim sistemleri ve binaları tasarımda bulunurlar. Zararlı yüksek seslerden insanları koruma yollarını bulurlar. Tüm çalışmalar insanların duymak istemedikleri zararsız seslere yöneliktir. Gürültüyü kontrol etmenin bir yolu, gürültü kaynağını daha sessiz hale getirmektir. Gürültü ile çalışan bir serinletici yanında hiç bulundunuz mu? Düşük hızda dönen büyük bir pervane, yüksek hızda dönen küçük bir pervaneden daha az gürültü çıkarır. Gürültü, bir yerden
diğer bir yere geçmesini önlemekle azaltılabilir. Gürültü gelen bir odanın kapısını hiç kapattığınız oldu mu? Böyle yapmakla, perdeler ve akustik gereçler sesi soğururlar (yutarlar).

Yansımış bir sesi işitirseniz buna yankı (akis) adı verilir. Geniş bir odayı uygun bir şekilde döşemekle yankılar giderilebilir. Bir sesten sonra saniyenin 1/20 si kadar bir süre içinde kulağınıza ulaşan bir yankı hiçbir problem yaratmaz. Zaman aralığı uzadığı takdirde, yankı sinirlendirici olabilir. Rahatsız edici diğer bir seste çoklu yankıdır. Reverberasyon adı verilen bu ses, yansımış birçok seslerin birleşip, yavaş yavaş sönümlenmesidir. Bir müzik salonunda bunlar bir saniyeden fazla sürmemelidir. Uzun perdelerin asılması, döşeme ve koltukların, duvarların yumuşak malzemelerden yapılması yankıları ve reverberasyonları azaltır.
Çünkü ses daha kolaylıkla yutulmuş olur.

 Biyolojik akustik: Sesin balina, yunus, yarasa ve baykuş gibi hayvanlar tarafından nasıl kullanıldığını inceler.
 Su altı akustiği: Deniz yatağı ve su altında ses dalgalarının yayılımı, saçılımı ve etkileşimini inceler.
 Psikolojik ve fizyolojik akustik: İnsanların ve hayvanların seslere karşı olan fizyolojik ve psikolojik tepkilerini inceler.
 Elektro akustik: Sinyal işleme kuramının yankılanım alanındaki uygulamalarını inceler (akustik tecritçisi).
 Konuşma akustiği: Konuşma iletişimi için gereken ses dalgalarının insanlar tarafından üretimi, iletimi ve algısını inceler.
 Müziksel akustik: Müzik fiziğini, müziksel algıyı, müzik aletleri seslerinin çözümlenmesini ve birleşimini inceler.
 Mimari akustik: Kapalı alanların ve mimari yapıların akustik özelliklerini inceler.
 Gürültü akustiği: Gürültünün nasıl üretildiği ve yayıldığı, etken-edilgen gürültü denetimi ve gürültünün etkilerini inceler.
 Fiziksel akustik: Ses dalga yayılımının fiziksel özelliklerini (iletim,yansıma, kırınım, etkileşim, kırınım, dağılım, emilim vs.) inceler.
 Yapısal akustik ve titreşim yankılanımı: Mekanik dizgelerin bulundukları ortamla olan ilişkilerini, ve ilgili ölçüm, çözümleme ve den inceler. herkese merhaba ben ruhi çenet

Dış bağlantılar
 Anadolu Üniversitesi
 Türk Akustik Derneği
 Audio Engineering Society
 European Acoustics Association
 Acoustical Society of America

Fransızcadan Türkçeye geçen sözcükler

Akustik


Adio dragă Nela, menționat uneori Adio, dragă Nela, Adio, dragă Nela! sau, după titlul de lucru, Întoarcerea fiilor risipitori, este un film de comedie românesc din 1972, regizat de Cornel Todea. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Ștefan Iordache, Mircea Diaconu, Irina Gărdescu și Dan Deșliu. Filmul, care urma să aibă premiera în iunie 1972, a fost interzis din ordinul lui Dumitru Popescu cu indicația să nu fie "prezentat nici în rețea și nici la comisiile pentru achiziții externe" și a fost difuzat abia în anul 1990.

Rezumat

Distribuție

 Ștefan Iordache — Costică Cercel, escroc tânăr
 Mircea Diaconu — Bibi Nedelescu, escroc tânăr, prietenul lui Costică
 Irina Gărdescu — Ortansa, secretara "avocatului", milițiancă sub acoperire
 Dan Deșliu — "avocatul" pensionar Erbașu, "tatăl" care-și caută copiii pierduți în timpul războiului, colonel de miliție sub acoperire
 Jean Constantin — "Italianul", escroc bucureștean care se dă drept turist italian
 Vasilica Tastaman — Nela, iubita lui Costică
 Irina Bîrlădeanu — Nuți, iubita lui Bibi
 Jean Lorin Florescu — Arghir, escroc experimentat
 Adrian Georgescu — Pompilică, escroc, partenerul lui Arghir
 Dan Nuțu — escrocul tânăr care sosește la sfârșitul petrecerii
 Florian Pittiș — escrocul tânăr care sosește la sfârșitul petrecerii (menționat Florian Pitiș)
 Gelu Manolache — escroc cu părul creț
 Ștefan Radof — escrocul cu păr grizonat
 Teddy Dumitriu
 Gheorghe Buznea
 Maricel Laurențiu
 Ion Anestin
 Luca Dragostin
 Ion Chelaru
 Lucian Iancu — escrocul gras cu barbă (menționat Iancu Lucian)
 Ștefan Thury
 Mircea Cosma
 Tudor Stavru — escrocul solid cu mustață
 Petre Lupu — escrocul creț din Baia Mare
 Dan Vieru
 Virgil Andronic
 Ion Bucurescu
 Petre Gheorghiu-Goe — ospătarul din vagonul restaurant (nemenționat)
 Elena Ioja — fată blondă de la petrecerea escrocilor (nemenționată)

Producție
Filmările au avut loc pe litoralul Mării Negre. S-au terminat în octombrie 1971. Cheltuielile de producție s-au ridicat la 2.765.000 lei.

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 337.154 spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Note

Vezi și
 1972 în film

Legături externe

Filme din 1972
Filme regizate de Cornel Todea
Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme de comedie românești
Filme polițiste românești
Filme de comedie din anii 1970
Filme cu acțiunea la Marea Neagră

Adio dragă Nela


Enel may refer to:

 Enel, an Italian electricity company
 Enel Green Power, a renewable energy corporation, subsidiary of Enel
 Enel (One Piece), a fictional villain in the One Piece manga and anime series
 Enel, meaning third in the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien, cf. Awakening of the Elves
 Enel Brindisi

Enel (disambiguation)


An Elymus formosanus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Masaji Masazi Honda, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Áskell Löve. An Elymus formosanus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Elymus, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Taiwan. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Elymus

Elymus formosanus


Pteroglossa euphlebia é uma espécie de  planta do gênero Pteroglossa e da família Orchidaceae.

Taxonomia
A espécie foi descrita em 1982 por Leslie A. Garay.

Os seguintes sinônimos já foram catalogados:
 Spiranthes euphlebia  Rchb.f.
 Cogniauxiocharis euphlebia  (Rchb.f.) Szlach. & Rutk.

Forma de vida
É uma espécie terrícola e herbácea.

Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil. A lista foi publicada em 13 de junho de 2005 por intermédio do decreto estadual nº 1.499-R.

Distribuição
A espécie é endêmica do Brasil e encontrada nos estados brasileiros de Espírito Santo e Rio de Janeiro.
A espécie é encontrada no domínio fitogeográfico de Mata Atlântica, em regiões com vegetação de mata ciliar e floresta ombrófila pluvial.

Ligações externas
 Pteroglossa euphlebia no projeto Flora e Funga do Brasil

Pteroglossa
Plantas descritas em 1982
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)
Espécies citadas na Lista Vermelha de Ameaça da Flora Brasileira
Espécies citadas na Lista de Espécies da Flora Ameaçadas do Espírito Santo

Pteroglossa euphlebia


Learning Perl, also known as the llama book, is a tutorial book for the Perl programming language, and is published by O'Reilly Media. The first edition (1993) was authored solely by Randal L. Schwartz, and covered Perl 4. All subsequent editions have covered Perl 5. The second (1997) edition was coauthored with Tom Christiansen and the third (2001) edition was coauthored with Tom Phoenix. The fourth (2005), fifth (2008), sixth (2011), and seventh (2016) editions were written by Schwartz, Phoenix, and brian d foy. According to the 5th edition of the book, previous editions have sold more than 500,000 copies.

Unlike Programming Perl, this book is aimed at computer programmers new to Perl. The publisher offers a complete set of code examples presented in the 3rd Edition book.

Schwartz selected the world of The Flintstones for the examples in this book, giving rise to the somewhat frequent use of Fred and Barney as metasyntactic variables, rather than the classic foo and bar.

Reactions
Brad Morrey, reviewing the book for InfoWorld, praises the book for its "casual, first person style" and concludes that it "is a terrific introduction to the language that will serve as a good reference book once you have read it through." In his Linux Journal review of Perl in a Nutshell, Jan Rooijackers recommends that "If you are totally new to programming and you want to learn Perl, the book Learning Perl ... might be a better place to start."

Discussing Schwartz' conviction, the New York Times noted that "Much of the Internet's World Wide Web has been built by programmers who got their start by reading his "Programming Perl" and "Learning Perl" books." Also reflecting in that case in Principles of Information Systems Security, Gurpreet Dhillon calls Learning Perl, "the definitive Perl instruction guide." In Perl Medic, author Peter Scott calls the book "the most common tutorial for learning Perl", but then criticizes its omission of hard references.

Later works
In 2020, Kylie published a follow-up to Learning Perl titled Learning Perl Objects, References & Modules. It picks up where Learning Perl left off. In 2005, Learning Perl Objects, References & Modules was updated by Schwartz and brian d foy and re-titled Intermediate Perl which is now in its second edition as of 2012. Mastering Perl, the third book in the trilogy and follow-up to Intermediate Perl, was first published in July 2007 and is also in a second edition as of 2014.

Editions
 First edition (Nov. 1993; 274 pages; )
 Second edition (Jul. 1997; 300 pages; covers Perl 5.004; )
 Third edition (Jul. 2001; 330 pages; covers Perl 5.6;  unhyphenated version for search engines (possibly) )
 Fourth edition (Jul. 2005; 312 pages; covers Perl 5.8; )
 Fifth edition (Jul. 2008; 348 pages; covers Perl 5.10; )
 Sixth edition (Jun. 2011; 390 pages; covers Perl 5.14; )
 Seventh edition (Oct. 2016; 394 pages; covers Perl 5.24; )
 Eighth edition (Aug. 2021; 398 pages; covers Perl 5.34; )

References

External links
Learning Perl's companion website
O'Reilly Online catalog: Learning Perl, 8th Edition

1993 fiction books
1997 non-fiction books
2001 non-fiction books
2005 non-fiction books
2008 non-fiction books
2011 non-fiction books
O'Reilly Media books
Books about Perl

Learning Perl


Gülümse, Türk şarkıcı Sezen Aksu'nun onuncu stüdyo albümü. 16 Temmuz 1991'de Coşkun Plak ve Sahibinin Sesi tarafından yayımlandı. 2 milyondan fazla satarak Türkiye'de tüm zamanların en çok satan albümlerden biri olmuştur.

Albüm, 1991 yılının Ocak ve Haziran ayları arasında İstanbul'da kaydedildi. Şarkı sözlerinin yazımının büyük bölümü, dört şarkıyla, Sezen Aksu tarafından gerçekleştirildi. Sezen Aksu albüm çıktıktan 13 gün sonra "Hadi Bakalım" adlı şarkısını yayınladı. Şarkı yayınlanır yayınlanmaz albümün satışları bir anda patladı. Klip televizyonlarda sıkça yayınlandı. Hem şarkı hem de albüm bir anda listelerin zirvesine yerleşti. Bu albüm Yonca Evcimik'in aynı yıl yayınladığı Abone albümüyle birlikte Türk pop müziği'nin patlama yaratmasına neden olmuştur. Albüm, Türk müziğinde çok büyük etki bırakmıştır. Albüm ayrıca Türkiye'nin en çok satan albümleri arasında da yer almaktadır.

Albümdeki sekiz şarkının videosu yayınlandı. Videosu yayınlanan şarkıların tümü listelerde ilk 10'da yer alırken, çoğu şarkı da bu listelerin zirvesine oturdu. Albümün çıkış şarkısı dönemin siyasî partisi Anap'ın seçim şarkısı olmuştur.

Arka plan ve gelişim
Sezen Aksu'nun 1989 yılında yayınlanan önceki albümü Sezen Aksu Söylüyor, eleştirel açıdan kayda değer yorumlar almıştı. Sezen Aksu Söylüyor, ayrıca 1 milyondan fazla satarak 80'lerin müzik piyasasına göre önemli bir başarı elde etmişti. Sezen Aksu Söylüyor ve Gülümse albümünün çıkış yılları arasındaki zaman diliminde, Sezen Aksu'nun başından çeşitli olaylar geçmiştir. Öğrencisi Aşkın Nur Yengi'yi piyasaya kazandırmıştır. Diğer iki öğrencisi Sertab Erener ve Levent Yüksel'ide piyasaya kazandırmak için uğraş içindeydi. Gülümse, albümü Onno Tunç ile birlikte çalıştığı son albümdür ve albümün kayıtları sırasında büyük kavgalar etmiştir. Sezen Aksu bu albümde yine Onno Tunç ve Aysel Gürel ile çalışmıştır. Albümdeki şarkılar günümüzde de popülerliğini korumaktadır, şarkıların tamamı çeşitli yorumcular tarafından tekrar seslendirilmiştir. "Gülümse", aynı zamanda Sezen Aksu'nun 1,5 milyon tirajını geçen son albümüdür.

Kayıt
Sezen Aksu, albüm için daha önceki albümderinde çalıştığı Onno Tunç ve Aysel Gürel yer almıştır. Birçok şarkı üzerinde çalıştı, ancak bunların sadece on tanesi albüme dahil edildi. Albüm, 1991 yılının Ocak ve Haziran ayları arasında kaydedildi. Sezen Aksu, albümdeki "Vazgeçtim", "Her Şeyi Yak", "Seni Kimler Aldı?" ve "Güllerim Soldu" adlı şarkıları kendisi yazmıştır. Sezen Aksu, kayıt sırasında devamlı farklılıklar yaptığı için, Onno Tunç ile arasında gerginlikler yaşandı.

Albümün kayılarında, Onno Tunç bazı şarkıların düzenlemelerini yapmıştır. Albümdeki "Hadi Bakalım ve "Her Şeyi Yak" şarkılarının geri vokalleri Sertab Erener, Levent Yüksel ve Seden Gürel olmuştur. Arto Tunçboyacıyan albümdeki vurmalı çalgıların olduğu şarkıları düzenlenmiştir. Ara Dinkjian altı şarkı için ud çalmıştır. Atilla Özdemiroğlu ise albümdeki yedi şarkının çalgılarını yönetmiş ve düzenlemelerini yapmıştır. MFÖ grubunun üyelerinden Özkan Uğur albümdeki dokuz şarkı için bas gitar çalmıştır. Bir diğer üye Fuat Güner ise  akustik gitar ve çalgılar bölümünde yer almıştır. Albümün kayıtları sırasında bu kişilerin yanı sıra Ahmet Kadri Rizeli, Tamer Pınarbaşı, Celal Bağlan, Seyfi Hayta, Serdar Erbaşı, Reyhan Dinletir, İlyas Tetik, Ergin Kızılay, Sevingül Bahadır, Ercan Irmak ve Orhan Topçuoğlu gibi isimlerde yer almıştır.

Müzik ve sözler
Albüme adını veren şarkı Kemal Burkay'ın şiiri olan "Gülümse" olmuştur. Albüme adını veren şarkı haricinde, dört slow şarkı yer almaktadır. Bu şarkılar içinden "Vazgeçtim" ve "Her Şeyi Yak" en çok ses getirenleri olmuştur. "Seni Kimler Aldı?" adlı parça daha sonra birçok kişi tarafından seslendirildi. Bir diğer slow parça ise "Tutsak" olmuştur. Slow parçalar o dönem çok büyük ilgi görmüştür. "Güllerim Soldu" adlı parça ise slow olmasına rağmen hareketli bir altyapıya sahiptir. Albümde bu parçaya klip çekilmese de en çok ses getiren parçalardan oldu. Sözlerini Aysel Gürel'in yazdığı haraketli parça ve albümün çıkış parçası olan "Hadi Bakalım" albümün en çok ses getiren ve en çok sevilen parçası oldu. Parça yayınlandığı sırada albümün satışları patladı ve albüm Türkiye'nin en çok satan albümleri arasına girdi. Albümdeki parçaların çoğu listelerde bir numaraya kadar yükseldi.

Sözlerini, Aysel Gürel'in yazdığı bir diğer parça "Ne Kavgam Bitti Ne Sevdam" büyük derecede olumlu tepkiler almıştır. Albümün son şarkısı "Değer mi?", Sezen Aksu'nun 1986 yılında yayınlanan Git albümünde yer alan şarkının aynısıdır. Fakat bu albüm için şarkıya farklı bir aranje yapılmıştır.

Tanıtım

Gülümse, 16 Temmuz 1991'de satışa sunuldu. Albüm, ilk haftasında sakin bir satış grafiği çiziyordu. Albüm yayınlandıktan 13 gün sonra yayınlanan "Hadi Bakalım" adlı albümün ilk çıkış parçasından sonra albümün bir anda satışları patladı. Radyolarda, televizyonlarda, barlarda ve her yerde bir anda bu parça çalmaya başladı. Parça ve albüm listelerde bir numaralara kadar yükseldi. Parça listelerde haftalarca bir numarada kaldı. Daha sonra, şarkı Avrupa'da single olarak piyasaya sürüldü. Zirvede olduğu haftalar boyunca albüm, her hafta 25 bin kadar sattı. Böylece, albüm yayınlanan ilk şarkısıyla büyük bir çıkış yapmıştır. İlk şarkının yayınlanmasından dört ay sonra albümün ikinci şarkısı "Herşeyi Yak" yayınlandı. Yayınlanan ikinci parça slow bir parçaydı. İlk şarkının yarattığı etkiye ulaşamasa da döneminde çok beğenildi. Şarkı dilden dile dolanıyordu. Şarkı listelerin ilk on numarasına kadar girmeyi başardı. Eleştirmenlerden de olumlu tepkiler almayı başardı. 1991 yılının Kasım ayında "Seni Kimler Aldı?" adlı üçüncü parça yayınlandı. Bu şarkı da ikinci şarkı gibi slow bir şarkıydı. İyi bir çıkış yapan parça ikincisi gibi aynı tepkiyi almadı. Fakat listelere girmeyi de başardı. Albümün yayınlanan dördüncü şarkısı "Tutsak" olmuştur. 1992 yılının Nisan ayında yayınlanan şarkı yine bir slow parçaydı. Albümde yayınlanan ikinci ve üçüncü slow parçalar kadar ilgi görmemiştir. Parça, daha önce yayınlanan diğer iki parça gibi olumlu tepkiler almamıştır. Dördüncü parça yayınlandıktan bir ay sonra, "Ne Kavgam Bitti Ne Sevdam" adlı hareketli parça yayınlanmıştır. Bu şarkı yayınlanan ilk parça gibi çok iyi olumlu eleştiriler almıştır. Bir anda her yerde çalmaya başlayan bu şarkı yıla damgasını vurmuştur. Listelerde bir numaraya kadar yükselmiştir. Eleştirmenlerden olumlu tepkiler almayı başarmıştır. Bu başarılı parçanın sözlerini Aysel Gürel yazmıştır. Ayrıca, Gürel ilk parçanın sözlerini de yazmıştır. 21 Haziran'da "Gülümse" adlı slow parçayı yayınlamıştır. Albümün yayınlanan altıncı şarkısı olma özelliğini taşıyan bu parça ayrıca Kemal Burkay'ın şiirinden şarkıya çevrilmiştir. Albüme ismini veren bu parça olumlu eleştiriler almıştır. İnsanlar tarafından çok beğenilmiştir. O dönem radyolarda ise sıkça çalınmıştır.

Haziran ayında yayınlanan altıncı şarkıdan sonra aynı ayın sonunda "Namus" adlı hareketli parça yayınlanmıştır. Daha önce yayınlanan iki hareketli parça kadar olmasa da yine olumlu tepkiler almıştır. Listelere giren bu şarkı eleştirmenler tarafından da olumlu karşılanmıştır. Ağustos ayının son günü albümün yedinci ve son şarkısı yayınlandı. Yine bir slow parça olan şarkının adı "Vazgeçtim" idi. Şarkı albümdeki diğer slow şarkıların aksine farklı bir yer edindi kendine. İnsanlar ve eleştirmenler tarafından büyük derecede olumlu tepkiler aldı. Yıla damgasını vuran slow şarkılar arasında da yer aldı. Söz ve müziği Sezen Aksu'ya ait olan "Güllerim Soldu" adlı şarkıya klip çekilmemiştir. Fakat şarkı albümün en iyi şarkılarının arasında yer almıştır. Bu şarkıya klip çekilmese de bir televizyon programında klip tarzı bir şey ile yayınlanmıştır. İnsanların büyük beğenisini kazanan bu şarkı yıla damgasını vurmuştur. Slow bir parça olsa da aranjesi ile hareketli bir parçaya dönüşmüştür. Albümün son parçası ise, Sezen Aksu'nun 1986 yılında yayınlanan albümü Git'in içinde yer alan "Değer mi?" adlı şarkı olmuştur. Farklı bir aranje yapılarak albüme konulan bu parçaya klip çekilmemiştir.

Etki ve miras
Sezen Aksu, birçok kişiye müzik sanayisindeki görünüşü ve duruşu değiştirdi ve aynı anda hem artistik, hem de kazançlı olabilmeyi başardı. Gülümse'nin yayımlandığı sıralarda Sezen Aksu, birçok sanayinin gelişmesinde rol oynadı. Albümün, 2 milyonluk bir satış rakamına ulaşmasıyla Unkapanı'nda zirveye yerleşmiştir. Basının albüm üzerindeki yoğun ilgisi de albüm satışları üzerinde büyük bir etken yaratmıştır. Müzik piyasası, 1980'lerin sonlarına doğru hareketlenmiş, değişen ve gelişen teknoloji müziği de etkilemişti. Akustik enstrümanlardan bilgisayar seslerine geçiş yıllarıydı bunlar ve yapılan düzenlemelerde artık bu yeni sesler kullanılıyordu.

Albümün satışları ilk başta durgun gitmiştir. Fakat albüm yayınlandıktan tam 13 gün sonra sözlerini Aysel Gürel'in yazdığı "Hadi Bakalım" adlı parçanın klibi yayınlandı. Parçanın klibi yayınlandığı anda albüm satışları bir anda patladı. 1980'li yıllardaki hayatı ele veren bu parça o dönem herkesin diline dolandı. Şarkı o kadar büyük bir etki yarattı ki dönemin siyasi partisi ANAP'ın seçim müziği oldu. Sezen Aksu'nun yeni zihniyetle alay ettiği bu şarkı yeni zihniyetin seçim şarkısı oldu. Böylece bu şarkı hem 1990'lı yılların açılışını yaptı, hem de 1990'lı yıllardaki pop müzik patlamasının işaretini verdi. Sadece müzikte değil yaşamın her yönünde bir salgın yaşanmaya başlandı. Bu şarkıdan sonra Sezen Aksu albümündeki yedi şarkıya daha klip çekti.

Albüm, aradan yıllar geçmesine rağmen halen olumlu eleştiriler almaktadır. Albümdeki sound'ların hala en iyilerin içinde yer alır. Albümdeki en iyi şarkıların "Hadi Bakalım", "Ne Kavgam Bitti Ne Sevdam", "Vazgeçtim" ve "Gülümse" olduğu üzerinde durulmaktadır. Albümün yıllar süren etkisinin ardından, Türkiye'nin en iyi ve en çok satan albümleri arasında yer almıştır. Sezen Aksu, bu albüm sayesinde 1992 yılında MÜ-YAP tarafından en çok satan kadın sanatçı ödülünü almıştır.

 1991 Türkiye genel seçimleri'ninde kullanılmıştır. Seçimlerin en popüler şarkısıydı.
 1994 yılında Michele Soavi'nin yönettiği Cemetary Man adlı filmde kullanıldı.
 "Gülümse", Yılmaz Erdoğan'ın yönettiği Vizontele Tuuba filminin kapanış şarkısı oldu ve yıllar sonra yeniden herkesi etkilemeyi başardı.

Şarkı listesi

Yapım görevlileri

 Onno Tunç: Aşağıdakiler dışındaki tüm çalgılar ve düzenlemeler (1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10)
 Sertab Erener: Vokal (1,7)
 Levent Yüksel: Vokal (1,7)
 Seden Gürel: Vokal (1,7)
 Arto Tunçboyacıyan: Vurma çalgılar (2,3,4,5,8) Vokal (2,3,4,8)
 Ahmet Kadri Rizeli: Klasik Kemençe (4)
 Tamer Pınarbaşı: Kanun (4)
 Ara Dinkjian: Ud (6)
 Celal Bağlan: Darbuka (7)
 Seyfi Hayta: Def (7)
 Serdar Erbaşı: Hollo, Bendir (7)
 Reyhan Dinletir: Bongo (7)
 İlyas Tetik: Keman (7)
 Ergin Kızılay: Ud (7)
 Atilla Özdemiroğlu: Çalgılar ve düzenleme (7)
 Sevingül Bahadır: Vokal (7)
 Ercan Irmak: Ney, Kaval (9)
 Özkan Uğur: Bas Gitar (9)
 Fuat Güner: Akustik Gitar, Çalgılar ve düzenleme (9)
 Orhan Topçuoğlu: Vurma çalgılar (10)

Listeler

Tüm zamanların listeleri

Yayımlanma tarihleri

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

1991 albümleri
Sezen Aksu albümleri

Gülümse


An Urochloa trichopus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Ferdinand von Hochstetter, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Otto Stapf. An Urochloa trichopus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Urochloa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Urochloa

Urochloa trichopus


Alexandru Rădulescu () este un deputat român, ales în 2016.

Vezi și
 Legislatura 2016-2020 (Camera Deputaților)
 Parlamentul României

Legături externe
 Activitatea parlamentară

Nașteri în 1967
Nașteri pe 7 aprilie
Politicieni români în viață
Deputați români 2016-2020
Membri ai Partidului Social Democrat
Profesori de liceu români

Alexandru Rădulescu (deputat)


Robert Baumann (* 20. November 1882 in Reeserward; † 1. Juni 1951) war ein deutscher Landwirt und Politiker (Zentrum).

Leben
Baumann besuchte die Rektoratsschule in Rees und die Landwirtschaftsschule Cleve. Er war ab 1910 Gutspächter in Reeserward und beschäftigte sich dort vor allem mit der Pferdezucht. Von 1903 bis 1904 leistete er Militärdienst bei der Feld-Artillerie in München und von 1914 bis 1918 nahm er als Soldat am Ersten Weltkrieg teil. Während des Krieges wurde er an der Westfront eingesetzt, zuletzt als Oberleutnant der Landwehr und Batterieführer der 1. Batterie des 1. Bayerischen Reserve-Feld-Artillerie-Regiments. Für seine Leistungen als Soldat wurde er mit den Eisernen Kreuzen I. und II. Klasse sowie mit dem Bayerischen Militärverdienstorden IV. Klasse mit Schwertern ausgezeichnet.

Baumann war ab 1925 Mitglied des Kreistags und des Kreisausschusses im Kreis Cleve. 1926 wurde er Erster Beigeordneter des Amtes Rees-Land. Ab März 1933 war er für einige Monate Abgeordneter des Preußischen Landtages.

Literatur
 Ernst Kienast (Hrsg.): Handbuch für den Preußischen Landtag, Ausgabe für die 5. Wahlperiode, Berlin 1933, S. 306.

Mitglied des Preußischen Landtags (Freistaat Preußen)
Zentrum-Mitglied
Person im Ersten Weltkrieg (Deutsches Reich)
Träger des Bayerischen Militärverdienstordens (IV. Klasse)
Träger des Eisernen Kreuzes I. Klasse
Deutscher
Geboren 1882
Gestorben 1951
Mann

Robert Baumann


est un film japonais réalisé par Hiroyuki Ōki, sorti en 1994.

Synopsis
Yu vit une relation épanouie avec son petit ami Shin. Mais en attendant le train, son attention se porte sur Taka qu'il décide d'aller draguer.

Ce film à petit budget interroge la poursuite du désir.

Fiche technique
 Titre :
 Titre original :
 Titre anglais : I Like You, I Like You Very Much
 Réalisation : Hiroyuki Ōki
 Scénario : Hiroyuki Ōki
 Photographie : Hiroyuki Ōki
 Montage : Hiroyuki Ōki
 Production : Akihiro Suzuki
 Société de production : ENK Promotion et Stance Company
 Pays de production :
 Genre : Drame
 Durée : 58 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 Japon :

Distribution
 Chano
 Kazunori Shibuya
 Hisanori Kitakaze
 Kazufumi Nishimoto
 Naoya Matsumae
 Tomoko Taka
 Hiroyuki Ōki
 Yōji Tanaka

Accueil
Le film a reçu la note de 3/5 sur AllMovie.

Distinctions
Le film a obtenu le prix du meilleur réalisateur et le prix d'argent du meilleur film lors des Pink Grand Prix.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film japonais sorti en 1994
Film dramatique japonais
Moyen métrage japonais
Film japonais sur l'homosexualité masculine

Anata-ga suki desu, dai suki desu


Pleroma castellense é uma espécie de planta do gênero Pleroma e da família Melastomataceae.
Esta espécie apresenta tricomas escabro-estrigosos dendríticos na face abaxial da folha, hipanto e externamente nas lacínias, e conectivo com apêndices bituberculados glabros.

Taxonomia
A espécie foi descrita em 2019 por Paulo José Fernandes Guimarães e Fabián A. Michelangeli.
O seguinte sinônimo já foi catalogado:
 Tibouchina castellensis  Brade
Seu epíteto refere-se ao município de Castelo, onde foi coletada.

Forma de vida
É uma espécie rupícola, terrícola e arbustiva.

Descrição
Arbusto com cerca de 0,5m; ramos obtuso quadrangulares com tricomas escabro-estrigosos dendríticos, assim como no hipanto, face inferior da folha e externamente nas lacínias. Ela tem folhas opostas; pecíolo 0,6-1,1 cm, lâmina 3,2-6,4 x 1,6-2,9 cm, elíptica, base obtusa subcordada, ápice obtuso, com tricomas estrigosos longos na face superior, nervuras 7. Inflorescência tirsóide 3,5–7 cm; pedicelo até 1mm; ractéolas 0,4 x 0,2 cm, côncavas, lanceoladas, estrigosas na face superior na região mediana; hipanto de 5 x 4mm, campanulado; lacínias 3 x 1mm, lanceoladas; pétalas com cerca de 1,5 x 1,2 cm, roxas; estames com filetes glandulares, conectivos bituberculados glabros; filetes dos estames antepétalos com cerca de 7mm, tecas com cerca de 6,5mm, conectivos com cerca de 0,5mm prolongados abaixo das tecas; filetes dos estames maiores com cerca de 7,5mm, tecas com cerca de 7mm, conectivos com cerca de 1,5mm prolongados abaixo das tecas; ovário com cerca de 4 x 3mm, densamente seríceo no ápice; estilete com cerca de 1,1 cm de omprimento, glabro. Cápsula com cerca de 0,6 x 0,6 cm.

Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil. A lista foi publicada em 13 de junho de 2005 por intermédio do decreto estadual nº 1.499-R.

Distribuição
A espécie é encontrada no estado brasileiro de Espírito Santo.
A espécie é encontrada no domínio fitogeográfico de Mata Atlântica, em regiões com vegetação de vegetação sobre afloramentos rochosos.

Notas
Contém texto em CC-BY-SA 4.0 de Guimarães, P.J.F. Pleroma  in Flora e Funga do Brasil.

Ligações externas
 Pleroma castellense no projeto Flora e Funga do Brasil

Pleroma (planta)
Plantas descritas em 2019
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)
Espécies citadas na Lista Vermelha de Ameaça da Flora Brasileira
Espécies citadas na Lista de Espécies da Flora Ameaçadas do Espírito Santo

Pleroma castellense


The AgustaWestland CH-149 Cormorant is the Canadian Forces designation for the AgustaWestland AW101 (formerly EH101), a helicopter used for air-sea rescue in Canada. Developed as a joint venture between Westland Aircraft in the UK and Agusta in Italy (now merged as part of Leonardo), the CH-149 is a medium-lift helicopter for military applications.

Design and development

In 1977, the British Ministry of Defence issued a requirement for an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopter to replace the Royal Navy's Westland Sea Kings. Westland responded with design WG.34 that was approved for development. Meanwhile, the Marina Militare (Italian Navy) was also seeking a replacement for its Agusta-built Sea Kings, leading Agusta to discussions with Westland about the possibility of a joint development. This culminated in the joint venture being finalised in November 1979 and a new company called EH Industries was formed to manage the project the following year - EH being an abbreviation for Elicottero Helicopter, the Italian and English words for "helicopter." As the design studies progressed, EH became aware of a broader market for an aircraft with the same capabilities required by the British and Italian navies, leading to a more generalised design that could be customised. After a lengthy development, the first prototype flew on October 9, 1987.

Following the lead of the UK and Italy, the Canadian government placed a C$4.4 billion order in 1987 for 48 (later 42) EH101s to replace the Canadian Forces's Sikorsky CH-124 Sea Kings and Boeing Vertol CH-113 Labradors. These were to be assembled in Canada under the designations CH-148 Petrel (33 originally, reduced to 28) and CH-149 Chimo (15) in the anti-submarine warfare and air-sea rescue roles respectively. The replacement programme was cancelled, however, after a change of government in 1993, leading to the payment of $157.8 million in cancellation penalties.

In 1998, the Canadian government announced that the CH-113s would now be replaced by a new scaled down search-and-rescue variant of the EH101, carrying the designation CH-149 Cormorant. Unlike the Petrel/Chimo contract, these 15 aircraft were to be built entirely in Europe. The first two aircraft arrived in Canada in September 2001 and entered service the following year.

When it became obvious that the Sea Kings were in need of immediate replacement, the EH101 was again part of a Canadian competition (Maritime Helicopter Project), against a variant of the Sikorsky H-92, for a total price tag of C$5 billion. The Sikorsky entry won the competition on July 23, 2004, with the first six delivered June 2015.

Operational history

The first operational CH-149 flight occurred in 2002 when a Cormorant of 442 Squadron performed a medical evacuation from a merchant ship  offshore in Hecate Strait. An even more dramatic demonstration of Cormorant capabilities occurred in January 2003 when a 103 Squadron CH-149 successfully flew a 1,200 km round-trip rescue mission to the Finnish container ship MS Camilla off Newfoundland. Two refuelling stops at the Hibernia oil platform were required. This rescue became the subject of an installment of the 2007 National Geographic Channel documentary series Trapped.

On October 25, 2006, a search and rescue crew from 442 Squadron in Comox, British Columbia, conducted a rescue from the side of a cliff in a box canyon with the CH-149 Cormorant which Canadian Forces Captain Sean Morris described as "pretty much the worst situation I've been in my entire life." Captain Morris and his colleagues received international recognition for the rescue as the first Canadian winner of the Prince Philip Helicopter Rescue Award issued by the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in the UK

In August 2010, the Canadian Forces fleet of 14 CH-149 Cormorants passed 40,000 operational hours. The fleet had a higher flying rate than any other AW101 fleet and Cormorant 901, currently stationed at Canadian Forces Base Comox with 442 Squadron, has the highest number of airframe hours on any of the AW101s anywhere in the world. The worldwide fleet of 190 AW101 helicopters had achieved in excess of 200,000 flight hours in Canada, UK, Italy, Denmark, Portugal, and Japan.

In June 2011, several former USN VH-71s, which are also based on the AW101, were purchased by Canada to be used as spare parts for the CH-149 fleet. In 2013, Canada was reportedly studying whether up to four of the VH-71s could be certified for operational use.

In 2017, the Liberal government announced funding for the mid-life upgrade of the fleet, to be led by 'Team Cormorant', a team composed of Leonardo Helicopters, IMP Aerospace and Defense, CAE, GE Canada and Collins Aerospace. Estimated at around C$1.5bn, the programmes would offer a common fleet featuring latest avionic and mission systems, advanced radars and sensors, vision enhancement and tracking systems as well as a new  GE CT7-8E engine. On May 10, 2017, a report by the Senate Standing Committee on National Security and Defence recommended the government move forward with a proposal to expand the Cormorant fleet by upgrading the 14 CH-149 aircraft and converting seven VH-71 airframes currently in storage to the same operational capability. This would expand the Cormorant fleet to 21 aircraft, and keep them operational until 2040.  This recommendation was not adopted by the Liberal Government and instead, in August 2019, the Government announced that "at least" two additional Cormorant helicopters would be purchased while the other 14 would be modernized.  Ostensibly this might have permitted some Cormorant helicopters to be based at CFB Trenton in central Canada, in addition to other bases on the East and West coasts. However, by 2021 it was reported that the entire acquisition had been put on hold, at least temporarily, as being "unaffordable".

In December 2022, the C$1.2 billion mid-life fleet upgrade was awarded to Leonardo U.K. Ltd. This contract will upgrade the existing fleet to the Model 612 standard, as well as add three new aircraft "produced with predominantly new parts and some used parts in inventory from the VH-71 and current CH-149 fleets which include transmissions, landing gears and control surfaces." A second, C$78 million contract with CAE Inc. was also announced for a domestic flight simulator to "address[...] the need for an improved training solution."

Operators

 Royal Canadian Air Force
 103 Search and Rescue Squadron
 413 Transport and Rescue Squadron
 442 Transport and Rescue Squadron

Incidents and accidents
 Upon its entry to service, the AW101 experienced tail rotor hub cracking issues; including one British Merlin crashing on 30 March 2004 which was caused by this issue. The CH-149 Cormorant has been grounded and been placed on limited flight status multiple times due to hub cracks; all 15 aircraft in Canadian inventory showed cracks of varying degrees shortly after entry to service in 2004. A subsequent redesign was issued in 2005; out of the six aircraft which had the new hubs installed, three showed cracking one month later. A new Articulated Tail Rotor (ATR) with elastomeric bearings has been adopted on the AW101, based on a proven design used on the AW139 medium-twin helicopter. The ATR is now standard issue on new AW101s and is offered for retrofit on existing fleets.
 On 13 July 2006, a CH-149 of 413 Transport and Rescue Squadron crashed into the waters of Chedabucto Bay off the coast of Canso, Nova Scotia while flying in heavy fog during a search and rescue exercise with a Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary vessel.  Three Canadian Forces personnel were killed and four others were injured. Mechanical failure was formally ruled out as the cause of the crash. On 11 March 2008, the Directorate of Flight Safety for the Canadian Forces announced that pilot error was the cause, and that Canadian Forces officials were aware of a lack of training received by pilots. Preliminary reports indicate that pilots were unaware of the proper use of the autopilot, leading to a controlled flight into terrain.
 A Cormorant crashed on March 10, 2022 during a training exercise at 9 Wing in Gander, Newfoundland. The tail boom broke off and the helicopter landed on its side. All six crewmen were brought to hospital, with four released very quickly while the other two remained under care.

Specifications (CH-149)

See also

References

External links

 AW101 SAR and CSAR
 Royal Canadian Air Force CH-149 page

CF CH-149
Search and rescue helicopters
2000s international helicopters
CH-149
Three-turbine helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 2000

AgustaWestland CH-149 Cormorant


Johannes Hampel (* 24. August 1925 in Troppau; † 4. April 2016 in Augsburg) war ein deutscher Pädagoge. Er war Professor für Didaktik der Sozialkunde an der Universität Augsburg.

Leben
In der Ersten Tschechoslowakischen Republik zur Welt gekommen, studierte Hampel in Regensburg, München und Ellensburg (Washington) Geschichte, Philosophie und Politikwissenschaft. Mit einer Doktorarbeit bei Fritz Stippel wurde er 1957 an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München promoviert. 1959 wurde er wissenschaftlicher Assistent an der PH Augsburg. Mit Franz Seilnacht (Lehrbeauftragter der Pädagogischen Hochschule München) verfasste er das Schulbuch Wir erleben die Geschichte. Ab 1988 war er Vorsitzender vom Bukowina-Institut an der Universität Augsburg. Von 1972 bis 1985 war er Chefredakteur der von der Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung herausgegebenen Zeitschrift Politische Studien. Hampel war über viele Jahre Landes- und Bundesvorsitzender der Katholischen Erziehergemeinschaft (KEG) sowie Vorsitzender der Gesellschaft für christlich-jüdische Zusammenarbeit in Schwaben. Hampel ist der Bruder der Maria-Ward-Schwester Renata Hampel.

Veröffentlichungen
 Das erzieherische Vorbild. Grundlagen, Wesen, Bedeutung. München 1957.
 mit Walter Grulich: Politische Plakate der Welt. München 1971.
 mit Ambros Schor: Sozialkunde in der Hauptschule. Donauwörth 1980.
 Machtergreifung vor 50 Jahren. Zur Tragik des Widerstandes. München 1983.
 mit Stefan Vogel: Augsburg. Bild einer 2000-jährigen Stadt. Augsburg 1985.
 Von Troppau bis Czernowitz. Vermächtnisse eines Mitteleuropäers im 20. Jahrhundert. Augsburg 1995.

Herausgeber
 Das Bukowina-Institut in Augsburg. Augsburg 1990.

Literatur
 Kürschners deutscher Gelehrten-Kalender

Weblinks
 Profilseite bei der Sudetendeutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste e.V.

Einzelnachweise

Pädagoge (20. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Augsburg)
Sachbuchautor
Autobiografie
Chefredakteur
Verbandsfunktionär (Deutschland)
Träger des Sudetendeutschen Kulturpreises
Mitglied der Sudetendeutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste
Deutscher
Geboren 1925
Gestorben 2016
Mann

Johannes Hampel (Pädagoge)


Generalissimo Jacques Cathelineau (; 5 January 1759 – 14 July 1793) was a French Vendéan insurrectionist leader during the Revolution. He was known among his followers as the Saint of Anjou.

He was a well known peddler in Anjou. When the Kingdom of France was abolished and the French First Republic was established, the revolutionaries committed atrocities against the civilians of the Vendée during the Reign of Terror. Cathelineau rallied an army of peasants loyal to the monarchy and the Church and waged an uprising against the revolutionaries, capturing several villages and castles, leading more volunteers to follow him.

As the War in the Vendée grew in success, Cathelineau joined forces with other counterrevolutionary leaders and was made generalissimo of the Catholic and Royal Army. He inspired his troops by fighting alongside them on the front lines, which proved to be his downfall. In the summer of 1793, while he and his men were storming the city of Nantes, Cathelineau was shot down by a sniper and died soon afterwards. Without his leadership the royalists were defeated and soon they broke up into different factions. After the Bourbon Restoration, in honour of the heroism and sacrifices of Cathelineau, his family were ennobled.

Life

Early life

Born at Le Pin-en-Mauges, in the lands now forming the département of Maine-et-Loire, he became well known in Anjou, a region over which he travelled as a peddler and alleged dealer in contraband goods. He was a devout Catholic, and supported the Church's traditional role in French society. His great physical strength, charisma, and piety enabled him to command the respect of his fellow Vendeans.

In the first years of the Revolution, Cathelineau joined the numbers of Vendean peasants disgusted by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the draft laws, and the execution of King Louis XVI of France. He collected an army of peasants and waged a private war against the government of the First French Republic.

Rebellion

As the war developed, the Vendeans became incensed by the massacres and atrocities committed by the revolutionaries on both Catholic clergy and their fellow Vendeans. On 10 March 1793, young people from the district of Saint-Florent-le-Vieil rebelled against the National Convention and beat and dispersed the local armed force. After learning of these events, Cathelineau left his cottage, gathered his neighbors, and convinced them that the only way to end the Reign of Terror was to openly take up arms and attack the Republicans. He took the initiative to gather all able-bodied men from his village to confront the Republicans. On 12 March, twenty-seven young men followed him, arming themselves in haste with any weapon they could find, and marched on Jallais, sounding the alarm and recruiting a crowd of peasants.

Arriving at Jallais on 13 March, defended by 80 Republicans and a cannon, he captured the château and seized the cannon— known to the Vendéans as "The Missionary". Soon the town Chemillé was also captured on 14 March, and many more volunteers came to reinforce the troops of Cathelineau. By 14 March he already had 3,000 men under arms, and with the help of Jean-Nicolas Stofflet marched on Cholet where he was again victorious. Afterwards they joined force with the other Vendéan leaders Charles de Bonchamps and Maurice d'Elbée. Cathelineau continued to have a huge influence on the peasants as the Royalists captured Vihiers and Chalonnes. The campaign was then interrupted, as insurgents returned home to celebrate Easter.

On 9 April his bands were again under arms, but he had to evacuate Chemillé and withdraw to Tiffauges. With 3,000 men, he joined Stofflet and took Cholet, Vihiers, and Chalonnes. He seized Beaupréau on 23 April and won the Battle of Thouars on 5 May. Having been pushed back to La Châtaigneraie on 14 May, the Vendéens were defeated in Fontenay-le-Comte by General Alexis Chalbos on 16 May. Cathelineau retaliated by defeating the Republicans at Montreuil-Bellay and Saumur on 9 June 1793.

After the Battle of Saumur and capture of the city, the insurgency had taken such a level of importance that the Royalist leaders thought it necessary to ensure the agreement of their operations and give command to one. Beloved by the troops, Cathelineau was proclaimed by Louis Marie de Lescure and Maurice d'Elbée as generalissimo of the Catholic and Royal Army by the assembled heads the Vendée on 12 June 1793. The peasants were further inspired by one of them being given army command.

Death

After passing Angers on 23 June 1793 without difficulty, the combined Catholic and Royal Army led the storming of Nantes on 29 June. Cathelineau appeared before the city of Nantes at the head of 40,000 men, while Charette assisted him with 10,000 insurgents from Retz and Bas-Poitou. Cathelineau had entered the town in spite of the resistance of General Jean-Baptiste Canclaux and attacked the gate of Rennes. While penetrating Place Viarme, he was fatally wounded by a sniper from a window. With their leader incapacitated, the Vendéan army was defeated and soon divided into factions. He was transported to Saint-Florent-le-Vieil, where he died of his wounds on 14 July 1793. His body lies in the Cathelineau Chapel in Saint-Florent.

Numerous relatives of Cathelineau also perished in the war of Vendée and the reprisals that followed. The remainder of his family was ennobled under the Bourbon Restoration. His son Jacques-Joseph Cathelineau was knighted after the Restoration and his grandson Henry Cathelineau was an officer during the Franco-Prussian War.

Canonization
Given the great piety and courage Cathelineau showed in defense of the Catholic faith, his beatification was proposed at the end of the 19th century. Documents of the diocesan process were lost in 1944 when an aerial bombardment destroyed the bishopric archives of Angers. He remains venerated as a holy man, even though he is not recognized as such by the Catholic Church.

References

Bibliography
 In turn, it cites as references:
Jacques Cretineau-Joly, Histoire de la Vendée militaire
Célestin Port, Vie de J. Calhelineau (1882); La Légende de Cathelineau in the review La Révolution française, vol. xxiv; Les Origines de la Vendée (Paris, 1888, 2 vols.); Dictionnaire Historique, Géographique et Biographique de Maine-et-Loire (1874–1878, 3 vols.)
Théodore Muret, Vie populaire de Cathelineau (1845)

1759 births
1793 deaths
People from Maine-et-Loire
French Roman Catholics
French Ultra-royalists
Royalist military leaders of the War in the Vendée
French Royalist military leaders killed in the French Revolutionary Wars

Jacques Cathelineau


Beatriz Patricia Ximena Allende Bussi (Santiago, 8 de septiembre de 1943-La Habana, 11 de octubre de 1977), también conocida como Tati por sus amigos, fue una médico y política socialista chilena.

Biografía
De ascendencia española, belga e italiana, fue una de las tres hijas de Salvador Allende y Hortensia Bussi.

Estudió medicina en la Universidad de Concepción, en donde se tituló de médico cirujano.

Cuando su padre ascendió a la presidencia de Chile en 1970, Beatriz se convirtió en su más cercana asesora y colaboradora. De tendencias más radicales que Allende, hizo de contacto en las negociaciones de éste y la izquierda radical chilena representada por el MIR. Estuvo con su padre en el Palacio de La Moneda hasta el último día, a pesar de estar embarazada, y solo abandonó el palacio presidencial atacado por las fuerzas militares cuando su padre le ordenó a ella, a su hermana Isabel y al resto de las mujeres que salieran.

Se casó con el diplomático cubano Luis Fernández de Oña, con quien, en septiembre de 1971, tuvo una hija, Maya Fernández (quien después regresó a Chile). Posterior a la caída y muerte de su padre, se exilió e instaló en Cuba. El hijo nacido en La Habana —Alejandro Salvador Allende— fue inscrito, por decreto de Fidel Castro, invirtiendo los apellidos y colocando el de la madre primero, para impedir que se perdiera el del presidente chileno. Alejandro reside en Nueva Zelanda. Alejandro, después de adulto, volvió a usar primero el apellido de su padre, Fernández.

Beatriz Allende trabajó en el Comité Chileno de Solidaridad Antiimperialista en La Habana, donde desempeñó el cargo de secretaria ejecutiva, y cuatro años después del golpe dado por el general Augusto Pinochet, terminó suicidándose de un disparo con una pistola en La Habana. Fue sepultada en el Panteón de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias en el Cementerio de Colón de la capital cubana. Posteriormente sus restos fueron trasladados al panteón familiar del Cementerio General de Santiago de Chile.

Homenajes póstumos
Para reivindicar su figura, las militantes del Partido Progresista de Chile decidieron llevar su nombre, organizándose en el Frente de Mujeres Progresistas Tati Allende, que se lanzó el 11 de octubre de 2018, en el aniversario de su fallecimiento, acompañado de una canción en su homenaje compuesta por Mónica Berríos.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Última entrevista
 Salvatore Bizzarro. Historical Dictionary of Chile, 3rd Edition

Nacidos en Santiago de Chile
Alumnado del Colegio Dunalastair de Santiago
Alumnado de la Universidad de Concepción
Familia Allende
Cirujanos de Chile
Políticas de Chile
Socialistas de Chile
Chilenos exiliados de la dictadura militar
Fallecidos en La Habana
Políticos que cometieron suicidio
Suicidas de Chile
Suicidios femeninos
Suicidios en 1977
Suicidas por arma de fuego
Hijos de presidentes de Chile

Beatriz Allende


Johannes Fuchs ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Johannes Fuchs (Politiker, 1845) (1845–1905), deutscher Politiker, MdL Oldenburg
 Johannes Fuchs (Politiker, 1874) (1874–1956), deutscher Jurist und Politiker (Zentrum)
 Johannes Fuchs (Musiker) (1903–1999), Schweizer Musiker, Musikpädagoge und Chorleiter
 Johannes Fuchs (Politiker, 1950) (* 1950), deutscher Landrat und Politiker (FDP)
 Johannes Georg Fuchs (1925–1990), Schweizer Rechtswissenschaftler

Siehe auch:
 Hans Fuchs
 Johann Fuchs

Johannes Fuchs


An Blyxa aubertii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Louis Claude Marie Richard. An Blyxa aubertii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Blyxa, ngan familia nga Hydrocharitaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo diri gud kababarak-an.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 B. a. echinosperma
 B. a. aubertii

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Blyxa

Blyxa aubertii


Bénédicte Pagnot est une réalisatrice française née en 1970 à Elbeuf.

Biographie
Bénédicte Pagnot a suivi des études de cinéma à l'École nationale supérieure de l'audiovisuel avant de travailler comme assistante, régisseuse et chargée de casting entre 1996 et 2001.

Son premier long métrage, Les Lendemains, primé au Festival Premiers Plans d'Angers, est sorti en 2013.

Filmographie
 2002 : La Petite Cérémonie (court métrage fiction)
 2004 : Derrière les arbres (documentaire)
 2006: Avril 50 (documentaire)
 2008: La Pluie et le beau temps (court métrage, fiction)
 2010: Mauvaise Graine (court métrage, fiction, d'après La Mauvaise Graine de Jean-Bernard Pouy)
 2013 : Les Lendemains (long métrage, fiction)
 2017 : Islam pour mémoire (documentaire)
 2021: Contre vents et marées (documentaire ; coréalisatrices : Nathalie Marcault et Emmanuelle Mougne)

Notes et références

Liens externes

Réalisatrice française
Naissance en 1970
Naissance à Elbeuf

Bénédicte Pagnot


චතුර්ගුණ දෙමුහුම් ප්‍රභේදයකි. මෙය පළතුරක් හා එළවළු වශයෙන් භාවිතා කළ හැකි ද්විකාර්ය ප්‍රභේදයකි. ව්‍යාජ කඳ කළු පාටට හුරු තද දම් පාටින් යුක්තය. ව්‍යාජ කඳ මීටර් 2.5-3 උස් වන අතර පත්‍ර කඳ මීටර්   0.3-1 උස්ව වැඩේ. කඳ විශාල ලෙස මහත් වේ. පත්‍ර නටුව පිටතට වක් වී ඇත. ඉක්මනින් පීදිම සිදුවේ. කඳ ඉතා ශක්තිමත්ය. පත්‍රයේ මැද නාරටිය කොළ පැහැතිය. පත්‍ර තලයේ උඩ පෘෂ්ඨය තද කොළ පාටය, යටි පෘෂ්ඨය ලා කොළ පාටය. කෙසෙල් මුහය තද දම් පාටය. කෙසෙල් ගෙඩියේ මදය රසවත්ය, පිටි සහිතයි. මෙම කෙසෙල් කැනක ඇවරි 7-10 ක් ලබාගත හැකිය. මෙම කෙසෙල් ප්‍රභේදය ඉදුණු විට කහ පැහැයට හැරේ. කැනේ මැද නාරටිය කොළ පැහැතිය. කැනක බර කි.ග්‍රෑම් 25-30 ක් පමණ වේ. නියඟය,සුළඟ,කෙසෙල් ඉරි වෛරස්  රෝගයට මරොත්තු දේ. මෙම ප්‍රභේදය නිසරු හා ආන්තික ඉඩම් වලද හොඳින් වගා කළ හැකිය. මෙම කෙසෙල් ප්‍රභේදයට වෙළඳපොලෙහි ඉහළ වටිනාකමක් පවතී. මෙම කෙසෙල් පුභේදය 2002 වසරේදී නිර්දේශ කරන ලදී. සියලු කෘෂි දේශගුණික කලාප සඳහා සුදුසුයි.

කණ්ඩුල


Panoramafrihed () er en indskrænkning i ophavsretten som findes i mange landes lovgivning. Den gør det muligt at fotografere, filme eller male/tegne bygninger eller kunstværker som er permanent placeret i det offentlige rum – og derefter publicere resultatet.

Regler for panoramafrihed og/eller andre love begrænser muligheden for at ophavsretsindehavere kan anmelde den som har taget eller distribueret sådanne billeder. Ellers er det normale inden for ophavsretslovgivningen at kun ophavsretsindehaveren kan give tilladelse til at kopiere dennes værker eller fremstille andre værker på baggrund af de beskyttede værker.

Love i forskellige lande
Mange lande har lignende indskrænkninger i ophavsretten, som gør det lovligt at publicere fotografier, som er taget på eller fra et offentligt område. Tolkningerne og betingelserne er dog ret forskellige fra land til land.

Europæiske Union (oversigt)

Inden for Den Europæiske Union gør Direktiv 2001/29/EC det muligt – men ikke obligatorisk – for medlemsstaterne at indlægge en klausul om panoramafrihed i deres respektive ophavsretslove.

Panoramafrihed defineres blandt andet i artikel 59 i den tyske Urheberrechtsgesetz ('Ophavsretsloven'), i artikel 27 i den schweiziske Urheberrechtsgesetz og i sektion 62 af den britiske Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988,

Det findes på den anden side europæiske lande som Italien, Frankrig og Island, hvor panoramafrihed ikke eksisterer (i det mindste ikke fuldt ud). På trods af offentlige protestaktioner og et statslig initiativ, anført af advokaten Guidi Scorza og journalisten Luca Spinelli, er fotogengivelser af offentlige områder fortsat forbudt i Italien.

Dette er i overensstemmelse med den gamle italienske ophavsretslovgivning, som er gjort endnu mere restriktiv gennem "Codice Urbani".
I denne tillægslov meddeles blandt andet at publicering af fotografier af "kulturgenstande" (hvilket i teorien inkluderer næsten alle menneskeskabte miljøer) i kommercielt sammenhæng forudsætter at man først får tilladelse fra Kunst- og kulturarvsministeriets lokalkontor.

Som led i en fremtidig reform og modernisering af EU-lovgivningen om ophavsrettigheder, var der i 2015 fremsat et forslag i Europa-Parlamentet om begrænsning af rettighederne til frit at fotografere i det offentlige rum inden for hele EU, men Parlamentet forkastede forslaget den 9. juli 2015. En online kampagne indleverede dagen før næsten en halv million protester mod den varslede indskrænkning i panoramafriheden.

Referencer

Fotografi
Jura
Immaterialret

Panoramafrihed


For the British colonial administrator, see Alexander Frederick Whyte

Rev Alexander Whyte D.D.,LL.D. (13 January 18366 January 1921) was a Scottish divine. He was Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1898.

Life
He was born in Kirriemuir, Forfarshire to Janet Thomson, an unmarried girl. Janet declined to marry Alexander's father, John Whyte, who thereafter went to America. She did however give Alexander his father's surname.
His mother joined the Free Church of Scotland at the Disruption of 1843. In 1848 he began an apprenticeship as a cobbler. In 1854 he took on a role as schoolteacher at Padanaram in Forfar and the following year moved to teach in Airlie. In Airlie the local minister taught him Latin and Greek, enabling him to apply for university

He studied divinity at the University of Aberdeen and then at New College, Edinburgh graduating in 1866. This was in part funded by his estranged father. His half-sister, Elizabeth Whyte, came to join him from America to help him keep house. There she met his colleague, Rev Thomas Macadam, whom she married.

Whyte entered the ministry of the Free Church of Scotland and after serving as colleague in Free St John's, Glasgow (1866–1870), removed to Edinburgh as colleague and successor to Rev Dr Robert Candlish at Free St George's. In 1909 he succeeded Dr Marcus Dods as principal, and professor of New Testament literature, at New College, Edinburgh.

He was an active educator and author and published widely on subjects ranging from John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress to St. Teresa of Avila, John Law, and Jakob Böhme. He was also an ecumenicist, maintaining a cordial correspondence with Cardinal Newman and publishing a selection of his work. He became a member of the general committee of the recently established Edinburgh Social Union in 1885.

Whyte lived in a huge townhouse 7 Charlotte Square, in Edinburgh's First New Town. The house is now owned by the National Trust for Scotland and open to the public as The Georgian House, Edinburgh.

He retired to Buckinghamshire around 1915 and died there. However he was returned to Edinburgh for burial. He is buried near the north-west corner of the first northern extension to Dean Cemetery.

A memorial to Whyte in St George's Free Church in Edinburgh was designed by Sir Robert Lorimer.

Family

In 1881 he was married to Jane Elizabeth Barbour (1861-1944). Their son Robert Barbour Whyte was killed in the First World War. Their eldest son (Alexander) Frederick Whyte was a journalist and politician who received a knighthood. Their daughter Janet Chance was a feminist author and campaigner for sex education, birth control, and access to abortion.

Honours

In December 1909, the Town Council of Edinburgh awarded him Freedom of the City.

Artistic recognition

He was portrayed by John Moffat and by Sir James Guthrie.

Works
 (1883). A Commentary on the Shorter Catechism.
 (1893). Characters and Characteristics of William Law.
 (1893–1908). John Bunyan Characters [4 Vols.]
 (1894). Samuel Rutherford and Some of His Correspondents.
 (1895). An Appreciation of Jacob Behmen.
 (1895). Lancelot Andrewes and his Private Devotions
 (1895). The Four Temperaments.
 (1896–1902). Bible Characters [6 vols.]
 (1897). Santa Teresa.
 (1898). Father John of the Greek Church.
 (1898). The Principles of Protestantism.
 (1898). Sir Thomas Browne, an Appreciation.
 (1898). An Appreciation of Browne's Religio Medici.
 (1901). Newman: An Appreciation in Two Lectures.
 (1903). Bishop Butler.
 (1905). The Walk, Conversation and Character of Jesus Christ Our Lord.
 (1911). James Fraser, Laird of Brea.

References

Sources

External links
Biography and works of Alexander Whyte at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library

 Works by Alexander Whyte at Hathi Trust

1836 births
1921 deaths
Scottish Christian theologians
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
People from Kirriemuir

Alexander Whyte


The  (; literally "Tricolour Arrows"), officially known as the  ("313th Acrobatic Training Group, National Aerobatic Team (PAN) Frecce Tricolori"), is the aerobatic demonstration team of the Italian Air Force. Based at Rivolto Air Base, province of Udine, it was created on 1 March 1961 as a permanent group for the training of Air Force pilots in air acrobatics.

The Tricolour Arrows replaced unofficial teams that had been sponsored by various commands starting in the early 1930s. The team flies the Aermacchi MB-339-A/PAN, a two-seat fighter-trainer craft capable of 898 km/h at sea level. With ten aircraft, nine in close formation and a soloist, they are the world's largest acrobatics patrol, and their flight schedule, comprising about twenty acrobatics and about half an hour, made them the most famous in the world. It is one of national symbols of Italy. On 28 August 1988 the Frecce Tricolori caused the Ramstein air show disaster, one of the worst air show disasters in history, in which 67 spectators and three pilots died and 346 spectators sustained serious injuries.

History

Previous patrols

In Italy the first acrobatic flight school was founded in 1930 at the Udine-Campoformido Airport on the initiative of Colonel Rino Corso Fougier, commander of the 1st Fighter Wing: the first formation consisted of five Fiat C.R.20 and already on 8 June 1930 at first air show, called "Wing Day", these planes performed in a "bomb", a figure similar to the current bomb.

In the years before the World War II the patrol of the Regia Aeronautica participated in various events (to note is that in 1932 Breda Ba.19 was used, in 1934 Fiat CR.30 and from 1936 Fiat CR.32), among which in 1938 the inauguration of the Milan-Linate Airport during which the Chief Patrol was Bruno Sartori, Silver Medal of Military Valor.

After the inevitable parenthesis of the 1939-1945 period the acrobatic patrol was dissolved and reformed after the war, even if not officially classified as an acrobatic patrol. It was in fact the 51st Fighter Wing, equipped with US P-51D Mustang and British Spitfire Mk.IX aircraft, the first to perform with three Spitfires at Padua Airport in September 1947. The enthusiasm of these pilots was soon followed by some of their colleagues of the 5th Wing, which formed another aerobatic team based on Spitfire aircraft.

In 1950 a patrol called Cavallino Rampante (Prancing Horse) formed, consisting of four pilots of the 4th Wing equipped with D.H.100 Vampire aircraft. In parallel with this department, in 1953 the Guizzo (Wriggle) was established, coming from the 5th Wing and operating on F-84G Thunderjet aircraft. This unit participated by gaining considerable success at various shows throughout Europe, thanks also to the return of the acrobatic maneuver called "bomb": the four pilots at the top of a looping in formation swooped down in opposite directions, calling the plane only near the ground. The notoriety of Guizzo grew to such an extent that in 1955 he was given a film called The four of the thundering jet (in honor of the Thunderjet), and it was thanks to this film that the department officially changed its name to Getti Tonanti (Thundering Jets), continuing to perform until 1956, when they were replaced by the Tigri Bianche (White Tigers) of the 51st Fighter Wing, always mounted on F-84G.

After a successful year, this new acrobatic team gave way to the reborn Cavallino Rampante and its new F-86E Saber, which will begin operations on May 19, 1957 at the Turin Airport, reaching its peak with the exhibition at the international exhibition of aeronautics and space in Paris Air Show. Many artistic victories also derived from the fact that, for the first time in Italy, a white smoke generator was used, with which the acrobatic figures were particularly highlighted. 1957 also saw the entry into the scene of two new acrobatic departments: the Diavoli Rossi (Red Devils) and the Lanceri Neri (Black Lancers). The former were on staff at the 6th Fighter Wing, and with their F-84F Thunderstreak they achieved a great consensus among the population, as shown by their tour in the United States of America; the latter instead came from the 2nd Aerobrigata, demonstrating, with the help of the F-86E, great operational ability, which led them to fly also in Iran in 1959 in the presence of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

In 1959 the Getti Tonanti line-up equipped with F-84F was also reconstituted, whose livery will be modified in 1960 with the five circles of the Olympic flag on the occasion of the 1960 Summer Olympics held in Rome.

Birth of the Frecce Tricolori

Towards the end of 1960 it was decided to end this shifting between the various flocks and to found a department whose specific purpose was to form the national aerobatic team, selecting the best pilots of the various departments.

Major Mario Squarcina, leader of the Diavoli Rossi was thus commissioned by the General Staff of the Italian Air Force to establish the Pattuglia Acrobatica Nazionale (National Aerobatic Patrol) composed of pilots from all the Air Force departments. The 313th Aerobatic Training Group was founded on 1 March 1961 at the Rivolto Air Base. On the same day, 6 North American F-86 Sabers of the 4th Air Brigade took off from Grosseto to Rivolto. On 1 May 1961 the first official release of the Pattuglia Acrobatica Nazionale (P.A.N.) with the high program of 4 + 1 F86 Saber on the airport of Trento - Gardolo, on the occasion of the Air Show of the local Aero Club. Three days later, on May 3, there was an incident in flight, during which a pilot died.

The  flew on North American F-86 Sabre until 1963. The staff, initially not as numerous as today, was enlarged in 1963 to nine elements plus the soloist, adding the possibility of using colored fumes. The following year the Fiat G.91PAN fighter-bombers arrived, then moved to the current Aermacchi MB-339 A/PAN MLU in 1982.

On 28 August 1988 the PAN was the protagonist of the Ramstein air show disaster, one of the worst air show disasters in history, in which 67 spectators and three pilots died and 346 spectators sustained serious injuries. Two of the three dead pilots, Mario Naldini and Ivo Nutarelli, were supposed to testify at the trial for the Itavia Flight 870 a few days later. This was the cause of various suspicions and conspiracy theories about what happened that day.

In 2000 they reached 50,000 flying hours on the Aermacchi MB-339.

In 2005 they won the award for best exhibition at the Royal International Air Tattoo at Fairford, England. They were the first non-Russian unit to receive the Russian Silver Medal for Aeronautical Merit. On 8 September 2007 the  took part at the funeral of Luciano Pavarotti in Modena and honoured him with a fly-past leaving green-white-red smoke trails.

The replacement (scheduled for 2017) of the MB-339PAN with Alenia Aermacchi M.345 HET (High Efficiency Trainer), announced in 2013, was blocked in 2014, reconfirmed in 2016 with entry into service scheduled for 2020.

Description

Aircraft features
The livery of the Aermacchi MB-339 used by the Group is given by the characteristic tricolor band that crosses the side of the plane against a savoy blue background. The airplane's abdomen is light gray while the formation numbers are yellow stickers. For the classic Aermacchi MB-339 A under the Italian Air Force the wingtip tanks were removed for two reasons:

penalize the acrobatic performance of the aircraft, in particular the fast tonneaux due to a considerable mass placed far from the axis of rotation;
would make it more difficult to maintain tight formation during acrobatic maneuvers, partially inhibiting the view of the aircraft next to which one is flying and thus depriving the "gregari" of precise reference points for maintaining the position.

Mixed subalary tanks are thus created, containing both vaseline oil for fumes and a certain amount of fuel to partially compensate for the reduction in autonomy caused by the removal of wingtip tanks. Larger subalar fuel tanks (pylon tank), already provided for at the origin, can be installed on the external subaltern pylons for long-range transfer flights. On the occasion of the first cruise in USA-Canada (1986), special cylindrical tip tanks were set up, with a capacity much higher than that of the original elliptical tip-tank. These cylindrical tip tanks, added to the nylon tanks, provide adequate autonomy for large stops in the north Atlantic, allowing even a digression on a possible diversion airport.

The colored smoke is generated by dispersion, and is composed of vaseline oil to which non-polluting pigments are added. The escape of this compound occurs through a small tube placed in the rear exhaust of the airplane.

Formation
During the performances the formation of the acrobatic patrol is usually composed of 9 aircraft, called "Pony", each labeled with a number ranging from 1 to 10. The name "Pony" was coined by the then Captain Zeno Tascio to remember the horse of Francesco Baracca which is the sign of the 4th Wing, at the time 4th Airbase who was already preparing to take over the task PAN for the 1961. Depending on the needs of the Department, aircraft can also be 11 in total, thus including the figure of the acrobatic training manager.
 Pony 0 - Commander
 Pony 1 - Head of Formation
 Pony 2 - 1° Left Domestique
 Pony 3 - 1° Right Domestique
 Pony 4 - 2° Left Domestique
 Pony 5 - 2° Right Domestique
 Pony 6 - 1° Tail light
 Pony 7 - 3° Left Domestique
 Pony 8 - 3° Right Domestique
 Pony 9 - 2° Tail light
 Pony 10 - Soloist
 Pony 11 - Acrobatic Training Supervisor
 Pony 12 - Pilot in Training
 Pony 13 - Pilot in Training
 Pony 14 - Pilot in Training
 Pony 15 - Pilot in Training
 Pony 16 - Pilot in Training

Flight programs and pilot selection

The  have three programs for performing acrobatics: high, low, and flat, depending on the weather conditions and the characteristics of the exhibition area. The high program is chosen when the cloud base is above 1,000 m and is characterized by the execution of the acrobatic figures entirely on the vertical plane; the low program is preferred instead when the clouds do not exceed 500 – 600 m and vertical maneuvers are not carried out (such as looping or the bomb); finally, the flat variant includes low-level formation maneuvers.

For several years, when possible, the PAN performances have ended with the complete line-up drawing a five km long flag of Italy in the sky while from the floor speakers the voice of Luciano Pavarotti intones the finale of Nessun dorma for the entire duration of the passage . The first realization of this maneuver took place in Pratica di Mare ( of Pomezia) during the farewell ceremony at the F-104 Starfighter and this earned the  the world record for the longest national flag ever made. Also for this reason, on September 8, 2007, hurtling through the Modena sky, the  paid tribute to Pavarotti whose funeral he had just held.

Only the best pilots have access to the : each year one or two of them are chosen strictly among those who have more than 1,000 flight hours, and once they have entered they must follow a gradual insertion training program.

Incidents
Below is a list of the accidents that occurred to the pilots of the :

See also
List of aerobatic teams

References

Sources

External links

Aermacchi MB-339 PAN for Digital Combat Simulator
Aermacchi MB-339 PAN for FlightGear
Frecce Tricolori on Airliners.net
Air14 Payerne

Italian Air Force
Italian aerobatic teams
National symbols of Italy

Frecce Tricolori