Dr. Wargha Enayati (n. ) este un medic cardiolog și inovator în domeniul afacerilor din sănătate, cunoscut publicului larg ca fondatorul Rețelei private de sănătate Regina Maria.

În anul 1995, a fondat ceea ce urma să devină Centrul Medical Unirea (CMU), apoi rețeaua de servicii de sănătate Regina Maria. În 2007, a vândut un pachet minoritar din acțiunile CMU către fondul de investiții 3i. În 2010, o a doua tranzacție a adus în acționariat fondul Advent. Centrul Medical Unirea a devenit Regina Maria.

În 2010, alături de soția sa Mitra Enayati a înființat Fundația Regina Maria, dedicată acordării de servicii medicale și educație unor categorii defavorizate de persoane: fără venituri, asigurări, copii. În 2015 s-a retras din acționariatul rețelei Regina Maria. În 2016, a reintrat pe piața serviciilor medicale devenind acționar principal la Intermedicas, o companie de concierge medical și opinii medicale secundare, la MedicHub – companie de comunicare medicală. În 2017, a achiziționat pentru MedicHub și revista Viața Medicală –  și lansează Enayati Medical City – primul complex dedicat vârstnicilor, care – pe o suprafață de 35 000 m2 – va conține un spital de oncologie, un ambulatoriu, un centru rezidențial de lux pentru vârstnici și un centru pentru vârstnici care au nevoie de asistență medicală specifică, alături de multe alte facilități socio-medicale.

În 2018, a intrat în acționariatul DocBook () și al platformei de recrutare medicala Medijobs – și a așezat totul sub o umbrelă, luând astfel naștere grupul Enayati, cu mottoul "Healthcare Innovation for a cause" (în ). În luna iunie 2018, a devenit vicepreședinte al Camerei de Comerț Româno-Germană și membru în cadrul Task-Force-ului Sănatate al Coaliției pentru Dezvoltarea României.

Biografie

Viață timpurie

Dr. Wargha Enayati s-a născut în Germania, din părinți de origine persană, și a crescut în religia familiei, Bahá'í. În România a venit în 1983. A început ca student la medicină în orașul Regensburg din Bavaria, iar ulterior ca student străin, la Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie "Iuliu Hațieganu" din Cluj-Napoca, după care nu a mai părăsit România.

Biografie profesională

 30 Noiembrie 1995 – Centrul Medical Unirea ia ființă cu un cabinet de cardiologie într-un apartament în Piața Unirii.
 1996 – Introduce pe piață noțiunea de abonamente medicale – acum o piață de 1,5 milioane de euro
 1999 – Primul centru medical cu funcționalități multiple – CMU Unirea. Conexiune VPN. Rețea de mai multe policlinici.
 2004 – Primul spital dedicat exclusiv femeilor – investiție 1 milion euro
 2007 – Prima intrare pe piața medicală a unui fond de de investiții când din tranzacția cu 3i Plc rezultă cea mai mare investiție din sistemul medical privat din România. Gigantul de investiții 3i Plc preia un pachet minoritar de acțiuni la CMU.
 2008 – Prima extindere din sistemul privat în afara Bucureștiului – la Cluj Napoca, achiziționându-se o clinică. Investiție de 500 000 euro.
 Prima maternitate privată – cel mai modern spital dedicat obstetricii și ginecologiei, cu dotări și tehnici de ultimă oră, inclusiv cu posibilitatea nașterii în apă. A fost numita Regina Maria cu acordul Casei Regale a României.
 Primele parteneriate academice stat-privat – cel mai mare număr de personalități medicale, profesori care intră să ofere consultații în sistemul privat
 Primul examen clinic complet, într-o singură zi, un proces complex de evaluare a sănătății – VIP Health Check
 2010 – A doua intrare a unui Fond de investiții, Advent Internațional preia o participație majoritară la CMU, pentru extindere.
 Prima achiziție a unui spital privat: Euroclinic, de la Asiguratorul Eureka – investiție de 15 milioane de euro

 2011 – Primul spital privat la Brașov. Prima oară când Casa Regală oferă acordul ca o entitate privată să preia numele unui suveran român și CMU și Euroclinic devin Regina Maria, Rețeaua privată de sănătate – Maternitatea Regina Maria devine Regina Maria Spital de obstetrică și ginecologie, Regina Maria Policlinica pentru copii, Regina Maria Spitalul Euroclinic. Banca Centrală de Celule Stem Regina Maria, Divizia Laboratoare Clinice Regina Maria. Înființează prima policlinică socială din România în parteneriat cu Primăria Capitalei, Policlinica Baba Novac, dedicată persoanelor fără venituri și asigurări medicale, sub egida Fundației Inovații Sociale Regina Maria – ONG condus împreună cu soția sa, Mitra Enayati.
 2012 – Cel mai mare spital dedicat în totalitate sănătății mamei și copilului. Cele mai multe nașteri, neonatologie – spitalul Băneasa – investiție 10 milioane de euro
 2015 – În urma celei mai mari tranzacții de pe piața serviciilor medicale din România, prin achiziția integrală a pachetelor de acțiuni de către Mid Europa – cel mai mare fond de capital privat cu investiții în Europa Centrala și de Est, dr. Wargha Enayati iese din acționariatul Regina Maria. Deschiderea Policlinicii Sala Palatului – a doua policlinica pentru persoane cu venituri mici sub egida Fundației Inovații Sociale Regina Maria. Investiție 1 milion de euro
 2016 – A cumpărat Versa Medical, pe care a transformat-o într-una dintre cele mai importante companii de comunicare medicală din România, MedicHub – investiție 1 milion de euro
 2017 – A investit în prima clinică pentru opinii medicale secundare (în ) din România – Intermedicas. Investiție 500 000 euro.
 A achiziționat prima revistă medicală din România, Săptămânalul Viața Medicală – emblemă al lumii medicale; a fost printre primele publicații nou-tipărite în decembrie 1989. Investiție 100 000 euro
 2018 – A intrat în acționariatul primei aplicatii de programări la medic din România, Docbook. A susținut primul start-up de recurtate medicală din România – Medijobs. Investiție MEdiJobs+Docbook – 1 milion de euro. A primit din partea Casei Regale a României Medalia Regală pentru Loialitate. A intrat în acționariatul MediaMEd Publicis.
 2019 – A lansat pentru prima oară conceptul de Concierge Medical în România. A lansat Asociația Medicilor Independenți – AMI; AMI reprezintă o comunitate de clinici și de cabinete medicale private independente conectate la un centru de comandă ce direcționează pacientul către cel mai potrivit medic sau către cea mai potrivită clinică parteneră, cu scopul de a-i oferi acestuia o îngrijire integrată. Comunitatea oferă în același timp medicilor posibilitatea de a colabora și dialoga în interesul actului medical, printr-un proces integrat, pluridisciplinar și obiectiv.
 2020 – A finalizat Enayati Medical City – proiect in valoare de 60 milioane de euro cu investiție de aproximativ 40 milioane de euro constituită în cea mai mare parte din fonduri proprii și un credit de la bancă, restul investiției proiectului fiind acoperit de partenerii medicali din proiect. A lansat primul program de finanțare dedicat start-up-urilor medicale Cleverage – cu o investiție de 500 000 de euro.
 2021 – A deschis în București complexul medical Enayati Medical City, dedicat îngrijirii integrate a vârstnicilor și a problematicii oncologice. Acesta a înglobat Spitalul de Oncologie Monza, Spitalul de recuperare și îngrijiri paliative Senior City și Policlinica Concierge Medical.

Referințe

Legături externe

 Capitalismul in Romania, un material www.wall-street.ro:  https://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Companii/248481/dr-wargha-enayati-fondatorul-retelei-de-sanatate-regina-maria-dupa-30-de-ani-de-capitalism-romania-a-ajuns-o-jungla-necontrolata.html?fbclid=IwAR1i554VH7HQcdT7rCV3D8wa2EkFP21wksaiP9Q-zHotni6WZAyCo-NDQME
 Interviu Adevarul live, Enayati Medical City - primul proiect greenfield de după 1989, cea mai mare investiție medicală din București și din țară, care include o unitate premium pentru îngrijire medicală, un centru rezidențial pentru vârstnici și un spital dedicat sferei oncologice și de recuperare. https://adevarul.ro/economie/afaceri/enayati-medical-city-investitie-60-mil-euro-8_5d42ac96892c0bb0c61477b0/index.html
https://www.newmoney.ro/orasul-doctorului-enayati-unul-dintre-pionierii-industriei-medicale-private-risca-totul-petru-un-nou-proiect/
Interviu cu doctorul Raed Arafat, realizat de Andreea Esca, în care doctorul Wargha Enayati apare câteva minute (între minutele 32:45 și 46:55), vorbind despre despre cele două contribuții majore Dr. Arafat și el însuși le-au avut la dezvoltarea și diversificarea sistemului de sănătate din România
 https://republica.ro/o-investitie-de-40-de-milioane-de-euro-care-va-angaja-300-de-medici-asistente-si-personal-medical-dupa
 Interviurile Andreea Rosca pentru profit.ro
 Interviu Prosperitate și Sens, dr Wargha Enayati și Mirela Vașadi
 http://www.zf.ro/business-construct/medicul-wargha-enayati-fondatorul-regina-maria-gasit-partener-investitia-centrul-varstnici-italienii-monza-enayati-group-fac-parteneriat-50-mil-euro-complex-medical-bucuresti-17354037
 https://www.businessmagazin.ro/actualitate/in-ce-vrea-sa-investeasca-60-de-milioane-de-euro-omul-de-afaceri-care-a-creat-abonamentele-medicale-in-romania-va-fi-un-centru-cum-nu-va-mai-exista-altul-17851611

Nașteri în 1964
Nașteri pe 3 februarie
Absolvenți ai Universității Babeș-Bolyai
Cardiologi români
Germani emigrați în România
Oameni în viață

Wargha Enayati


Harreslevmark (dansk) eller Harrisleefeld (tysk) er et område i det østlige Harreslev ved grænsen til Flensborg i det nordlige Tyskland. Harreslevmark grænser i nord mod Katrinegaard og Slukefter, i vest til Harreslev centrum, i syd til Frueskoven.

Området øst for landsbyen Harreslev var i 1700-tallet præget ved flere teglværker. Ellers var området næsten ubeboet. Først med opførelsen af en række industrielle virksomheder i nabobyen Flensborg i anden halvdel af 1800-tallet, kom fart i udviklingen. Industrialiseringen i Ny- og Nordstaden førte til en øget efterspørgsel efter lejligheder og der opstod de første arbejderboliger ved Harreslevgade. Harreslevmark blev dermed til et boligområde for arbejderne fra de nærliggende industriområder og værfter i Flensborg. Harreslev selv bevarede sit landsby-karakter.

I perioden efter Anden Verdenskrig kom der igen skub i udviklingen. Efter tilflytningen af mange fordrevne fra de tyske østområder opstod der igen behov for nye boligområder. Efterhånden blev de hidtil ubebyggede arealer nord og vest for Harreslevmark bebygget med både etageboliger og parcelhuse. Harreslev by, Harreslevmark, Musbæk og Slukefter blev efterhånden til et sammenhængende byområde og få status som forstad til Flensborg. Grænsen til Flensborg markeres gennem forbundsvej B 200 (også kaldet Vesttangenten i analogi til Østtangenten).

Den danske forfatter Willy-August Linnemann kom fra Harreslevmark.

Billeder

Litteratur
 Nils Vollertsen: Kredsen i Harreslev og på Harreslevmark, i Det danske mindretal, Odense 1994, sider 125/126

Noter

Mark

Harreslevmark


කල්‍යාණවතී බිසවගෙන් පසු තුන් මස් වයසැති ධර්මාශෝක නම් බිළිඳෙකු රජකමට පත් කරන ලද අතර ඔහුව අණිකංග නම් ද්‍රවිඩයෙකු විසින් මරන ලදී.

සිංහලේ රජවරු

ධර්මාශෝක රජ (සිංහලේ)


Los ciatolípidos (Cyatholipidae) son  una familia de arañas araneomorfas, que forman parte de la superfamilia de los araneoideos (Araneoidea), junto con  trece familias más entre las que, por su número de especies hay que  destacar: Linyphiidae, Araneidae, Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae y Nesticidae.

Fueron descubiertas a finales del siglo XIX en África. Viven en bosques de montaña, en ambientes húmedos, aunque algunas especies, como Scharffia rossi, son propias de hábitats más secos, como la sabana. La mayoría de los ciatolípidos hacen telarañas en sábana.

Distribución
Muchas de las especies ocupan grandes zones de África y Madagascar. Algunas se encuentran en Nueva Zelanda y Australia oriental y una, Pokennips dentipes, es de Jamaica.

Sistemática
Con la información recogida hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2011, esta familia cuenta con 58 especies descritas comprendidas en 23 géneros:

 Alaranea Griswold, 1997 (Madagascar)
 Buibui Griswold, 2001 (África)
 Cyatholipus Simon, 1894 (Sudáfrica)
 Hanea Forster, 1988 (Nueva Zelanda)
 Ilisoa Griswold, 1987 (Sudáfrica)
 Isicabu Griswold, 1987 (África)
 Kubwa Griswold, 2001 (Tanzania)
 Lordhowea Griswold, 2001 (Isla de Lord Howe)
 Matilda Forster, 1988 (Australia)
 Pembatatu Griswold, 2001 (África)
 Pokennips Griswold, 2001 (Jamaica)
 Scharffia Griswold, 1997 (África)
 Teemenaarus Davies, 1978 (Australia)
 Tekella Urquhart, 1894 (Nueva Zelanda)
 Tekellatus Wunderlich, 1978 (Australia)
 Tekelloides Forster, 1988 (Nueva Zelanda)
 Toddiana Forster, 1988 (Australia)
 Ubacisi Griswold, 2001 (Sudáfrica)
 Ulwembua Griswold, 1987 (África, Madagascar)
 Umwani Griswold, 2001 (África)
 Uvik Griswold, 2001 (África)
 Vazaha Griswold, 1997 (Madagascar)
 Wanzia Griswold, 1998 (Camerún, Bioko)

Referencias
  Griswold, C.E.(1997). The Spider Family Cyatholipidae in Madagascar (Araneae, Araneoidea). Journal of Arachnology 25(1): 53-83.
 Platnick, Norman I.</span> (2012): The world spider catalog, version 12.5. American Museum of Natural History.

Véase también
 Anexo:Especies de Cyatholipidae
 Anexo:Taxonomía de las arañas

Enlaces externos

Cyatholipidae


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Širkovce enthält die vier nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützten Objekte in der Gemeinde Širkovce im Okres Rimavská Sobota.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

!
Sirkovce


An Aristida fredscholzii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Hildemar Wolfgang Scholz ngan Harald Kürschner. An Aristida fredscholzii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aristida, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Oman. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Aristida

Aristida fredscholzii


Potassium feldspar refers to a number of minerals in the feldspar group, and containing potassium:
Orthoclase (endmember formula KAlSi3O8), an important tectosilicate mineral that forms igneous rock
Microcline, chemically the same as orthoclase, but with a different crystalline structure
Sanidine, the high-temperature form of potassium feldspar
Adularia, a more ordered low-temperature variety of orthoclase or partially disordered microcline
Amazonite (sometimes called "Amazon stone"), a green variety of microcline

Feldspar

Potassium feldspar


Kineski dud (kineska murva, lat. Maclura tricuspidata; sin. Cudrania tricuspidata) biljka je iz porodice Moraceae. U istočnoj se Aziji uzgaja kao voće, te se smatra i za ljekovitu biljku.

Opis
Naraste do 7 metara visine. Stabla su obično dvodomna no postoje i samooplodne sorte. Plodovi su crveno narančaste ili crveno smeđe boje.

Raširenost
Raste u kineskim pokrajinama Anhui, Fujian, jugoistočni Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, južni Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, te u Nepalu i Koreji. U Kini raste na visinama od 500 do 2200 m.

Uporaba
Koristi se kao voće te za ishranu dudovog svilca.
U Europu je unešena oko 1862.Sadnice se od 2015. godine mogu nabaviti i kod nas.

Sastav plodova
Nutritivna vrijednost (u 140g ploda):
 Kalorija 60.2
 Vitamin A 35.0 UI
 Vitamnic C 51.0 mg
 Vitamin E 1.2 mg
 Vitamin K 10.9 mcg
 Riboflavin 0.1 mg
 Niacin 0.9 mg
 Folna kiselina 8.4 mcgc
 Kolin 17.2 mg
 Kalcij 54.6 mg
 Željezo 2.6 g
 Magnezij 25.2 g
 Fosfor 53.2 g
 Kalij 272 mg
 Natrij 14.0 mg
 Cink 0.2 mg
 Selenij 0.8 mcg
 Ugljikohidrati 13.7 g
 Masti 0.5 g
 Omega-3 masne kiseline 1.4 mg
 Omega-6 masne kiseline 288 mg
 Proteina 2.0 g
 Voda 123 g

Sinonimi
 Cudrania tricuspidata (Carrière) Bureau ex Lavallée
 Cudrania triloba Hance
 Morus integrifolia H.Lév. & Vaniot
 Vanieria tricuspidata (Carrière) Hu
 Vanieria triloba (Hance) Satake

Dodatna literatura
Zhengyi Wu, Zhe-Kun Zhou & Michael G. Gilbert: Moraceae in der Flora of China, Volume 5, S. 36: Maclura tricuspidata - Online.
 Lee Reich, Vicki Herzfeld Arlein: Uncommon Fruits for Every Garden, 2004 Timber Press

Vanjske poveznice
 California Rare Fruit Growers (with fruit photo)
 Nanjing University Plant Resources Network (in Chinese, with photo)
 PFAF database Cudrania tricuspidata

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Maklura
Alohtone voćne vrste
Flora Anhuia
Flora Fujiana
Flora Gansua
Flora Guangdonga
Flora Guangxija
Flora Guizhoua
Flora Hebeija
Flora Henana
Flora Hubeija
Flora Hunana
Flora Jiangsua
Flora Jiangxija
Flora Shaanxija
Flora Shandonga
Flora Shanxija
Flora Sichuana
Flora Yunnana
Flora Zhejianga
Flora Koreje
Flora Vijetnama

Kineski dud


حادث طائرة التراي ستار هي حادثة تعرّضت لها الرحلة 163 التابعة للخطوط الجوية العربية السعودية في 19 أغسطس 1980، بعد إقلاعها من مطار الرياض القديم بالعاصمة السعودية الرياض. وكانت الطائرة من طراز لوكهيد إل-1011 تراي ستار قادمة من مطار جناح بمدينة كراتشي الباكستانية، وهبطت في مطار الرياض القديم، بعد مرور ساعتين وأربع وثلاثين دقيقة، دون ملاحظة أي طارئ خلال مسارها. وبعد ساعة، و44 دقيقة من انتظارها، استعدت الطائرة للإقلاع إلى مطار جدة الدولي القديم في جدة. وبعد إقلاعها بـ12 دقيقة، و12 ثانية، عادت الطائرة بعد أن أبلغت قيادتها برج المراقبة بانبعاث أدخنة. وأثناء العودة، وعلى بعد أربعين ميلًا من مطار الرياض، أبلغ قائد الطائرة الكابتن محمد علي الخويطر، برج المراقبة عن وجود حريق في مخزن الأمتعة C3 بالطائرة، إضافة إلى تصلب الذراع الخاص بالمحرك رقم (2) الموجود في ذيل الطائرة. ثم هبطت الطائرة على مدرج المطار، وقطعت المدرج الرئيس، واستدارات استدارة كاملة، ثم احترقت وسط أرض المطار، في حادثة لم ينج منها أحد، وكان على متنها 301 شخصًا، مابين ركاب وملاحين.

في ذلك الوقت كانت هذه الحادثة هي ثاني أسوأ حادثة لطائرة فردية في التاريخ في عدد الوفيات بعد حادث الخطوط الجوية التركية الرحلة 981. وهي أسوأ حادثة في عدد الوفيات في تاريخ الطيران في المملكة العربية السعودية. وهي أيضًا أسوأ حادثة في تاريخ طائرات لوكهيد إل-1011 تراي ستار.

تفاصيل الرحلة

بداية الرحلة
بعد مغرب يوم الثلاثاء 19 أغسطس 1980، استقبل مطار الرياض الدولي القديم رحلة الخطوط السعودية القادمة من مطار جناح الدولي في مدينة كراتشي الباكستانية، والتي حطت رحالها في مطار الرياض «ترانزيت» بعد أن غادرت مطار كراتشي عند الساعة 4:32 مساءً، وعلى متنها 82 راكبًا، وعدد من هؤلاء الركاب نزلوا في مطار الرياض، والبقية أكملوا رحلتهم إلى جدة. وبعد ساعتين و34 دقيقة، وصلت الرحلة إلى مطار الرياض، أي عند الساعة 7:06 بتوقيت مدينة الرياض، وكان المخطط لها أن تقلع بعد ساعتين ودقيقتين إلى مطار جدة الدولي، في رحلة كان من المزمع أن تصل إلى ارتفاع 35 ألف قدم، وبحمولة كاملة من الركاب، 287 راكبًا كان أغلبهم من السعوديين والباكستانيين، و32 إيراني، و4 كوريين، و3 بريطانيين، و2 من تايلاند، هذا بالإضافة إلى 14 شخصاً من أفراد الطاقم.

حوارات قمرة القيادة
بعد سبع دقائق وتسع ثوانٍ من إقلاع الطائرة، وعلى ارتفاع 15000 قدم؛ صرّح مهندس الرحلة القابع بمقعده خلف قائد الطائرة ومساعده في قمرة القيادة، بأن ثمة دخانًا عند مخزن الأمتعة C3، ما دعى القائد أن يطلب منه إيقاف التهوية، لكي يتأكد من حقيقة الدخان، غير أنه اكتشف أن التهوية لا تعمل مطلقًا في تلك البوابة. كما أن ذراع الدفع الخاصة بالمحرك رقم 2 لم تعد تعمل بسبب أن الحريق أثر على الوصلات الكهربائية الخاصة بالمحرك وحينها قرر الطيار إيقاف المحرك رقم 2. ثم اكتشف مهندس الرحلة انبعاث دخان آخر من المنطقة (أ)، وكانت الطائرة حينها قد خرجت من أفق الرياض. وطلب من الكابتن السماح له بالذهاب إلى إلى ذيل مقصورة الركاب؛ ليتأكد بنفسه مما يحدث هناك. ثم عاد ومعه النبأ: «نعم، توجد لدينا نيران هناك». وطلب الكابتن محمد الخويطر من مساعده الاتصال بمركز المراقبة الجوية بمحطة الرياض، قائلًا: «أخبرهم بأننا عائدون». ثم استأذن مهندس الرحلة الإعلان عن حالة الطوارئ. هنا أعلن طاقم الملاحين من خلال نظام البثّ لعام: أن على الركاب الاستعداد للهبوط الاضطراري، وقد جاء النداء على النحو التالي: «نحن على وشك الهبوط أيتها السيدات والسادة، ضعوا أيديكم خلف رؤوسكم استعدادًا للارتطام». وهبطت الطائرة في النهاية حيث استغرقت عملية الهبوط ما يقارب سبعة دقائق.

الحريق وهبوط الطائرة
بعد هبوط الطائرة على مدرج المطار استمر الطيار محمد الخويطر بإشراف مساعد الطيار سامي عبد الله حسنين بالتحرك بالطائرة إلى نهاية المدرج وهذا يخالف بروتوكول حالة الطوارئ. ، توقفت الطائرة على الممر الجانبي الأخير واستغرق ذلك ما يقارب دقيقتين و40 ثانية بعد عملية الهبوط، فريق الإطفاء والإنقاذ كان جاهزًا في الموقع المخصص للهبوط الاضطراري وينتظر الإيقاف الكامل المتوقع للطائرة وإخلاء الركاب. لذلك بعد أن قام الطيار بالتوقف في الممر الجانبي الأخير توجهت فرق الإنقاذ للموقع الثاني مما أدى لضياع وقت اخر حيث أن المسافة بين الموقعين 4كم.

لم يقم الطيار باتخاذ قرار إخلاء الطوارئ كما كان من المفترض خلال هذا الوقت لسبب غير معروف، وهو ما فسره المحللون أنه يعود لعدم رغبته في زيادة جرعة الخوف لدى الركاب. وعند وصول فرق الإنقاذ إلى الطائرة لم يستطيعوا فتح أبواب الطائرة بسبب أن المحركات لازالت تعمل. ولم تتوقف المحركات إلا بعد 3 دقائق و15 ثانية بعد توقف الطائرة. في ذلك الوقت لم يكن هناك أي حريق خارجي مرئي في الطائرة لكن لوحظت النيران عبر النوافذ في الجزء الخلفي من الطائرة. بعد 23 دقيقة تم فتح الباب R2 وهو الباب الثاني الأيمن عن طريق موظفي الخدمات الأرضية. بعد 3 دقائق انفجرت الطائرة والتهمتها النيران. عمليات التشريح أجريت على بعض الجثث بما فيهم مهندس طيران أمريكي كان على متن الرحلة أوضحت أن وفاته حصلت بسبب استنشاقه للدخان وليس بسبب الحريق وأن ذلك حصل قبل فترة طويلة من فتح الأبواب.

تأخر استجابة قائد الطائرة
وضع تأخر استجابة قائد الطائرة لإنذارا برج المراقبة عند الهبوط عددًا من التساؤلات والتي أرجعها أطباء الطوارئ إلى فقدانه الوعي، والتي تحدث عادةً في حالات الوفاة بالغازات السامة، فيكون هناك بطء في الحركة الاستجابة وفقدان الوعي على مراحل، ويتطور ذلك مع ازدياد نسبة الغازات السامة داخل الجسم.

مواقد الغاز
قبل أن تبدأ لجان التحقيق في البحث عن السبب الرئيس في اشتعال مخزن الأمتعة في الطائرة، كان ثمة بيان صادر من رئاسة الطيران المدني والخطوط الجوية العربية السعودية، حيث أوضح أن المفتشين ورجال الإطفاء وجدوا موقد غاز صغير مع عبوتين خضراوين على أرضية الممر الأيسر في الجزء الأوسط من الطائرة، كما وجدوا موقدين جديدن ملفوفين بشكل جزئي، وعبوتي تيتروجين في مخزن الأمتعة (C3) في ذيل الطائرة قريبًا من مصدر الحريق، وتوقع البيان الثاني الصادر عن رئاسة الطيران المدني والخطوط السعودية في بادئ الأمر وجود علاقة بين هذه المواقد والحريق، إلا أن النتائج النهائية التي صدرت بعد أكثر من عام ونص، لم تُثبت أي علاقة لهذه العبوات باشتعال الحريق.

بعد الحادث
بقيت الطائرة مشتعلة حتى الساعة الحادية عشر والنصف من مساء ذلك اليوم، وفشلت فرق الإنقاذ في إطفاء الحريق أو حتى فتح أبواب الطائرة، ولقي جميع الركاب البالغ عددهم 287 وطاقم الضيافة البالغ عددهم 14 شخصاً حتفهم بما فيهم الطيار ومساعده، ووجدوا جميعًا في النصف الأمامي من الطائرة. ويقول شهود العيان أنه كان من الصعوبة التعرف على جثث القتلى نتيجة لاختفاء ملامح أجسادهم.

وأعلنت الخطوط السعودية عن فتح مكاتبها طيلة الأربع والعشرين ساعة يوميًا؛ للرد على أي استفسارات خاصة بضحايا الرحلة، إضافةً إلى تأمين نقل ذوي الضحايا في الداخل والخارجن وتهيئة استقبالهم وإقامتهم وتنقلهم من مقرّ إقامتهم إلى مستشفى الرياض المركزي (مدينة الملك سعود الطبية حاليًا)، وإخراج تصاريح دفن الموتى ونقلهم حيث أراد ذووهم أن يدفنوهم.

انظر أيضًا
 الخطوط الجوية السعودية الرحلة 115.
 الخطوط الجوية السعودية الرحلة 162.
 الخطوط الجوية السعودية الرحلة 450.
 الخطوط الجوية السعودية الرحلة 763.
 قائمة حوادث الطائرات المدنية.

المصادر

وصلات خارجية
 Final Accident Report - الهيئة العامة للطيران المدني

السعودية في 1980
أحداث أغسطس 1980 في آسيا
حرائق في السعودية
حوادث طائرات بسبب حريق أثناء الرحلة
حوادث طائرات لوكهيد إل-1011 تراى ستار
حوادث طيران في 1980
حوادث طيران في السعودية
حوادث وأحداث الخطوط السعودية
كوارث في السعودية 1980

الخطوط الجوية السعودية الرحلة 163


Albertirsa, grad u središnjoj Mađarskoj od 12.394 stanovnika. Grad je jedan od najvažnijih u Peštanskoj županiji.

Povijest
Albertirsa je nastao 1950. spajanjem dotadašnjih naselja Alberti i Irsa. Gradsko pravo je dobio 1. srpnja 2003.

Zemljopisne karakteristike
Grad leži oko 60 kilometara jugoistočno od Budimpešte, i nalazi u sjevernom dijelu Panonske nizine.
Nadmorska visina grada je oko 125 metara.

Gradovi prijatelji
  Bourg-Saint-Andéol, Francuska
  Gaggiano, Italija
  Malacky, Slovačka
  Șimleu Silvaniei, Rumunjska
  Żnin, Poljska

Galerija

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena stranica grada

Gradovi u Mađarskoj

Albertirsa


«This Is How We Do It» —en español: «Así es como lo hacemos»— es una canción interpretada por el cantante estadounidense de R & B Montell Jordan. Fue publicado por Def Jam Recordings el 6 de febrero de 1995, como el primer sencillo de su álbum debut homónimo. Además significó el primer lanzamiento de Def Jam de una canción del estilo R&B.

Esta canción, sencillo debut de Jordan, representa el estilo hip hop soul, popular por ese entonces. Contiene elementos de "Children's Story" de Slick Rick. "This Is How We Do It" fue número uno en el Billboard Hot 100 durante siete semanas a partir de 15 de abril al 27 de mayo de 1995, y número fue uno durante siete semanas en la lista de sencillos R & B. El video musical está dirigido por Hype Williams.

Versiones
 En 2002, la banda británica femenina Mis-Teeq grabó su versión la cual aparece en la banda sonora de la película Ali G anda suelto.
 Una versión realizada por AlunaGeorge fue incluida como bonus track de su álbum debut Body Music editado en 2013.
 En 2015, el DJ y productor holandés Joe Stone realizó una remezcla de la canción bajo el título «The Party (This Is How We Do It)» alcanzando el número 17 en la lista de sencillos del Reino Unido.

Posicionamiento en listas

Listas semanales

Listas anuales

Listas decenales

<center>Sucesión en listas

Referencias

Sencillos de 1995
Sencillos de Montell Jordan
Sencillos número uno en Billboard Hot 100
Sencillos número uno en Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs
Sencillos certificados de platino por la Recording Industry Association of America

This Is How We Do It


The Number of the Beast ile şu maddeler kastedilmiş olabilir
 The Number of the Beast (albüm), Iron Maiden albümü
 "The Number of the Beast" (şarkı), albümde yer alan şarkı
 Number of the Beast (çizgi roman)
 The Number of the Beast (roman)

The Number of the Beast


Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset (c. 15 June 1519 – 23 July 1536) was the son of King Henry VIII of England and his mistress, Elizabeth Blount, and the only child born out of wedlock whom Henry VIII acknowledged. He was the younger half-brother of Queen Mary I, as well as the older half-brother of Queen Elizabeth I and King Edward VI. Through his mother, he was the elder half-brother of the 4th Baroness Tailboys of Kyme and of the 2nd and 3rd Barons Tailboys of Kyme. He was named FitzRoy, which is derived from the Anglo-Norman Fitz, meaning "son of" and Roy, meaning "king".

Birth
Henry FitzRoy was born in June 1519. His mother was Elizabeth Blount, Catherine of Aragon's lady-in-waiting, and his father was Henry VIII. FitzRoy was conceived when Queen Catherine was approaching her last confinement with another of Henry's children, a stillborn daughter born in November 1518. To avoid scandal, Blount was taken from Henry's court to the Augustinian priory of St Lawrence at Blackmore near Ingatestone, in Essex.

FitzRoy's birthdate is often given as 15 June 1519, but the exact date is not known.
His birth may have been earlier than predicted. Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was out of London from 9 to 18 June when he reappeared back at court in Windsor. The following day he was expected at Hampton Court, but he did not reappear at a council meeting at Westminster until 29 June. The policy of discretion worked, as the baby boy's arrival caused no great stir, and diplomatic dispatches record nothing of Henry VIII's illegitimate son.

Christening
The christening of the newborn Henry FitzRoy was not recorded even though Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was his godfather and known to have been present at the event. This puts the date of the christening possibly before 29 June when he reappeared at court. The identity of the other godfather is unknown. Although Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk took a great interest in Henry FitzRoy when he was older, in 1519 he was still the heir to the Dukedom of Norfolk, and styled the Earl of Surrey. If Henry had chosen the House of Howard, he would probably have chosen the elder Thomas Howard, who at the time was the 2nd Duke of Norfolk. Another suggestion for the second godfather could be Henry VIII himself, although it was not normal practice for a parent to stand as godparent to his own child: Henry had taken the role of godfather at the christening of his own nephew, Lord Henry Brandon (who was also the son of Henry's closest friend) in March 1516, and his daughter Princess Mary stood godmother to her half-brother Prince Edward in 1537.

Acknowledgement
The infant boy was given the surname FitzRoy to make sure that all knew he was son of the King. Henry VIII openly acknowledged the boy, perhaps because he felt that his lack of a male heir was a slur upon his manhood. At one point he proudly exhibited his newborn son to the court.

Nursery

The boy's upbringing until the moment when he entered Bridewell Palace in June 1525 (six years following his birth) remains shrouded in confusion. Although the boy was illegitimate, this did not mean that young Henry lived remotely from and had no contact with his father. On the contrary, it has been suggested by his biographer, Beverly Murphy, that a letter from a royal nurse implies that FitzRoy had also been part of the royal nursery, and he was often at court after 1530.

In the sixteenth century, royal and noble households were in a state of constant movement and transition, so it is unlikely that FitzRoy grew up in any one house. He was probably transferred from household to household around London like his royal siblings: Mary, Elizabeth and Edward. In 1519 the only surviving legitimate child of the King was the three-year-old Princess Mary. In that year her household was reorganised, suggesting that Henry made some provisions for his only son. Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury replaced Lady Margaret Bryan as lady Mistress of Mary's household. At the same time at least two of Mary's carers appear to have left her service.

It is not impossible that Princess Mary's household could have been reorganised some time before her former servants found posts with Henry FitzRoy.

In addition, the correspondence of the child's first known tutor makes it clear that FitzRoy also received some rudimentary education prior to his elevation to the peerage in 1525. John Palsgrave grumbled loudly that Henry had been taught to recite his prayers in a "barbarous" Latin accent and dismissed the man who had instructed him as "no clerk". Although he was more well known from 1525 and onwards, there is some evidence that he was already in receipt of royal favour even before his ennoblement; this comes from a surviving list of "Wardrobe stuff appointed for my lord Henry". The "Lord Henry" in question is not identified but given that the subject was not considered to require a title and that the list has survived with further documents relating to the household established for Henry FitzRoy after his ennoblement, it would seem reasonable to assume that it is Henry FitzRoy. The familiar way in which he is described as "My Lord Henry" is also interesting and suggests that, amongst the officers close to the King, at least, his existence was hardly a secret. Alternatively, he may have been raised in the north with his mother and her husband Gilbert Tailboys, 1st Baron Tailboys of Kyme, and their children.

Elevation
By 1525, the Tudor dynasty had been on the throne for 40 years. However, cracks were beginning to appear. By the sixteenth year of his reign, 34-year-old Henry still lacked a male heir with his 40-year-old wife Catherine of Aragon. Their only surviving child and heiress was Princess Mary, who at the time was a girl of nine. Henry, though, had another child, an illegitimate one, a sturdy six-year-old son. Although Henry may have had other illegitimate children, Henry FitzRoy was the only one the King acknowledged. Henry VIII was also the only surviving son of Henry VII. Henry had no surviving younger brother nor any close male relations from his father's family who could be called up to share the burden of government in the King's name. As Henry and Catherine's marriage remained without a son, the king's only living son became more attractive for onlookers to observe. The King's chief minister at the time was Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, and since Henry FitzRoy's birth, he had taken an interest in his monarch's only son. In a letter dated June 1525 the Cardinal refers to the King's son: "Your entirely beloved sonne, the Lord Henry FitzRoy".

In 1525, FitzRoy was given his own residence in London, which he was granted by his father: Durham House on the Strand. Since his birth FitzRoy had remained in the background, although the boy had been brought up in remarkable style and comfort, almost as if he were a prince of the blood and not an acknowledged royal bastard. Such discretion over his son may not have been to the King's taste, and he may have felt his manhood and virility should be publicly demonstrated. He fully made up for his son's quiet birth and equally quiet christening when on 18 June 1525 the six-year-old boy was brought to Bridewell Palace on the western edge of the city of London where honours were showered upon him. That morning of the 18th, the six-year-old Lord Henry FitzRoy travelled by barge from Wolsey's mansion of Durham Place, near Charing Cross, down the River Thames. He came in the company of a host of knights, squires, and other gentlemen. At 9am his barge pulled up at the Watergate and his party made their way through the palace to the king's lodgings on the south side of the second floor. The rooms were richly decorated, with various members of the court and the nobility coming to see FitzRoy's elevation. Among them were numerous bishops, as well as Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, and the King's brother-in-law, Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk. During the first ceremony, when he was created Earl of Nottingham, FitzRoy was attended by Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland, who carried the sword of state, along with John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford, and William FitzAlan, 18th Earl of Arundel. Six-year-old Henry knelt before his father as Sir Thomas More read out the patents of nobility. It was the first time since the 12th century that an illegitimate son had been raised to the peerage, when Henry II, King of England had created his son William Earl of Salisbury. However, the ceremony was not yet complete. The onlookers watched as the young Lord Nottingham re-emerged into the chamber. The Earl of Northumberland carried the robes; behind him came Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, carrying the sword; the Earl of Arundel, carrying the cap of estate with a circlet; and the Earl of Oxford with a rod of gold. Once again young Henry FitzRoy knelt before his father, and as the patent was read he was invested with the trappings of a duke. This time when he rose to his feet he was Duke of Richmond and Somerset.

To be a duke was a significant honour. It was the highest rank of the peerage, and the title, originally devised by Edward III, King of England for his son Edward, Prince of Wales as the Duke of Cornwall, retained its royal aura. The former Henry FitzRoy was subsequently referred to in all formal correspondence as the "right high and noble Prince Henry, Duke of Richmond and Somerset". As if to compound this sense of royal dignity and endow the child with as much respectability as possible, Henry VIII had granted his son the unprecedented honour of a double dukedom. While he is mostly known as Richmond, some pains were taken to see that he bore both titles in equal weight. The bulk of Richmond's new lands came from Margaret Beaufort's estate.  These were lands which were the rightful inheritance of King Henry VII when he was Earl of Richmond and the lands which had belonged to John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, the father of Margaret Beaufort. The use of the Duchy of Somerset must have struck a chord among the courtiers, as it was well known that the Beauforts' eldest child was John Somerset, a royal bastard who had been legitimised following his parents' adultery and then marriage. A part of the Beaufort connection to the Somerset duchy, the title of Duke of Richmond was important as the earldom of Richmond had been held by his grandfather King Henry VII and by his great-grandfather Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. The earldom of Nottingham had been held by Richmond's great uncle Prince Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, the second son of Edward IV. Seeing Henry's obvious pride and affection for his son, many of those who witnessed Richmond's elevation must have wondered if this was what the King had in mind. To support his new status, Henry granted his young son an annuity of £4,845. Following the ceremony, there were "great feasts and disguising". Henry wished to celebrate his six-year-old son with customary extravagance. It is unknown if Elizabeth Blount was present, but it is certain that the new duke's stepfather Gilbert Tailboys, 1st Baron Tailboys of Kyme was present and must have given her an eyewitness account.

It was a proud day for Henry, and for his former mistress Elizabeth; however, the ceremony did nothing to spare the Queen's feelings. She knew she had failed to give England a prince and was anxious about her own daughter's prospects. In a private letter, the Venetian ambassador wrote: "It seems that the Queen resents the earldom and dukedom conferred on the King's natural son and remains dissatisfied. At the instigation it is said of her three Spanish ladies her chief counsellors, so that the King has dismissed them from court, a strong measure but the Queen was obliged to submit and have patience".

Also at Richmond's elevation was Sir Henry Courtenay, his father's cousin through Catherine of York, the younger sister of Elizabeth of York. He was raised from being merely the Earl of Devon to be the Marquess of Exeter. Sir Thomas Manners, a great nephew of Edward IV through his sister Anne of York was made the earl of Rutland. Henry Clifford was made the new Earl of Cumberland and would cement his ties to the Tudor dynasty by marrying his son and heir, Lord Henry Clifford, to Richmond's cousin, lady Eleanor Brandon, the King's niece. Richmond's ceremony was by far the most spectacular but it was also a public relations display, since the last member of the Yorkist faction, Richard de la Pole, lost his life in February of that same year fighting for the French at the Battle of Pavia. The young Henry Brandon became the new Earl of Lincoln, a title which had once belonged to the de la Pole family.

Crown Offices
Arrangements for Henry's care were initially entrusted to Thomas Wolsey and plans for his elevation were already in progress by April 1525. On 7 June that year, he was elected knight of the Garter and was installed on the 25th. On 18 June, he was made Earl of Nottingham and on the same day he received the honour of a double dukedom; those being Richmond and Somerset. As such, he was endowed with lands whose revenues amounted to £4845 in the first year. In that same year, Richmond, as he came to be known, was granted several other appointments, including Lord High Admiral of England, Lord President of the Council of the North, and Warden of the Marches towards Scotland and Governor of Carlisle, the effect of which was to place the government of the north of England in his hands. He held the offices in name only, the power was actually in the hands of a council dominated by Thomas Magnus, Archdeacon of the East Riding.

From then onwards, the Duke was raised like a prince, at Sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire. His father had a particular fondness for him and took great interest in his upbringing. Sir Thomas Tempest was comptroller of his household. In February 1527, Thomas Magnus told the young Duke that King James V of Scotland, FitzRoy's first cousin, had asked for hunting dogs. FitzRoy sent his cousin 20 hunting hounds and a huntsman.

Kingdom of Ireland
On 22 June 1529 Richmond was made Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, and there was a plan to crown him king of that country, though the King's counsellors feared that making a separate Kingdom of Ireland whose ruler was not that of England would create another threat similar to the Kingdom of Scotland. After Richmond's death, the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 established a personal union between the English and Irish crowns, providing that whoever was King of England was to be King of Ireland as well. King Henry VIII of England was proclaimed its first holder.

Living in France
In October 1532, Henry VIII travelled to Calais for a meeting with Francis I of France and took Richmond with him. As part of the negotiations, Richmond joined the French court and lived with the Dauphin Francis and his younger brother, the future King Henry II of France, until August 1533, when he was recalled to England.

Marriage

When Henry VIII began the process of having his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled, it was suggested that Richmond marry his own half-sister Mary in order to strengthen Richmond's claim to the throne. Anxious to prevent the annulment and Henry's possible break with the Roman Catholic Church, the Pope was even prepared to grant a special dispensation for their marriage.

At age 14, on 28 November 1533 the Duke instead married Lady Mary Howard, the only daughter of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. He was on excellent terms with his brother-in-law, the poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. The marriage was never consummated.

Possible heir to the throne
At the time of Richmond's death, an Act was going through Parliament which disinherited Henry's daughter Elizabeth as his heir and permitted the King to designate his successor, whether legitimate or not. There is no evidence that Henry intended to proclaim Richmond his heir, but the Act would have permitted him to do so if he wished. The Imperial ambassador Eustace Chapuys wrote to Emperor Charles V on 8 July 1536 that Henry VIII had made a statute allowing him to nominate a successor, but thought the Duke of Richmond would not succeed to the throne by it, as he was consumptive and now diagnosed incurable.

Death
The Duke's promising career came to an abrupt end in July 1536. According to the chronicler Charles Wriothesley, Richmond became sickly some time before he died, although Richmond's biographer Beverley A. Murphy cites his documented public appearances and activities in April and May of that year, without exciting comment on his health, as evidence to the contrary. He was reported ill with "consumption" (usually identified as tuberculosis, but possibly another serious lung complaint) in early July, and died at St. James's Palace on 23 July 1536.

Richmond's father-in-law, the Duke of Norfolk, gave orders that the body be wrapped in lead and then taken in a closed cart for secret interment. However, his servants put the body in a straw-filled wagon. The only mourners were two attendants who followed at a distance. Richmond was first instance buried at Thetford Priory, the burial place and mausoleum of members of the Howard family.

In February 1540, when Thetford Priory was about to be closed, Norfolk, in an almost desperate move, petitioned Henry VIII, Richmond's father, not to close the Priory Church on the grounds that both his first wife Anne of York, FitzRoy's great-aunt, as well as Richmond himself were buried there. The request had no effect; at the same time however, the King ordered that the current dissolution of the monasteries be briefly suspended, so that everyone who wished had time to rebury the remains of their relations. Norfolk moved his son-in-law's grave to the Church of St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham.

FitzRoy's tomb has a mix of both royal and religious iconography, with his personal coat of arms and the Howard family coats (by his marriage to Mary Howard) and friezes showing scenes from the Biblical Old Testament (mainly from the Book of Genesis and part of the Book of Exodus). On the north side are the birth of Eve; God giving the Garden of Eden into the charge of Adam and Eve; the Temptation, and the Expulsion from Paradise. On the west are the nursing of Cain and Abel, and Adam digging to return to Eden; Cain and Abel making their sacrifices (offerings) to God, and Cain killing Abel. On the south side are Noah's Ark in the Flood; the drunkenness of Noah; the Prophet Abraham and the Angels, and Lot escaping from Sodom and Gomorrah. On the east are Abraham and his son Isaac as well as Moses and the Law tables, and the Israelites sacrificing to the Golden Calf.

One of the scenes carved on the tomb is the outline of a small door which was the private entrance of noblemen from the Castle.

His father outlived him by just over a decade, and was succeeded by his legitimate son, Edward VI, born shortly after FitzRoy's death. It is said that Henry FitzRoy might have been made king had Henry VIII died without a legitimate son:

On her death in December 1557, his wife, Mary Howard, was buried along with FitzRoy.

Family tree

References

Notes

Works cited

External links

 About Henry Fitzroy

Fitzroy, Henry Duke of, Richmond and Somerset
Fitzroy, Henry Duke of, Richmond and Somerset
16th-century English nobility
16th-century deaths from tuberculosis
16th-century Royal Navy personnel
Dukes of Richmond
4
5
Peers of England created by Henry VIII
Knights of the Garter
English people of Welsh descent
Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports
Illegitimate children of Henry VIII of England
People from the Borough of Brentwood
Lords Warden of the Marches
Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
Tuberculosis deaths in England
Lord High Admirals of England
Sons of kings


Ekmekçi, Çorum ilinin Sungurlu ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1928 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 64 km, Sungurlu ilçe merkezine 27 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Sungurlu belde ve köyleri

Ekmekçi, Sungurlu


HMS Queen Elizabeth was the lead ship of her class of five dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the early 1910s, and was often used as a flagship. She served in the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet, and participated in the inconclusive action of 19 August 1916. Her service during the war generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. She and the other super-dreadnought battleships were the first of their type to be powered by oil instead of coal. Queen Elizabeth later served in several theatres during the Second World War, and was scrapped in 1948.

Design and description
The Queen Elizabeth-class ships were designed to form a fast squadron for the fleet that was intended to operate against the leading ships of the opposing battleline. This required maximum offensive power and a speed several knots faster than any other battleship to allow them to defeat any type of ship.

Ship measures and propulsion
Queen Elizabeth had a length overall of , a beam of  and a deep draught of . She had a normal displacement of  and displaced  at deep load. She was powered by two sets of Parsons steam turbines, each driving two shafts using steam from 24 Babcock & Wilcox boilers. The turbines were rated at  and intended to reach a maximum speed of . The ship had a range of  at a cruising speed of . Her crew numbered 1,262 officers and ratings in 1920 while serving as a flagship.

Armament, sensors and fire control
The Queen Elizabeth class was equipped with eight breech-loading (BL)  Mk I guns in four twin-gun turrets, in two superfiring pairs fore and aft of the superstructure, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. Twelve of the fourteen BL  Mk XII guns were mounted in casemates along the broadside of the vessel amidships; the remaining pair were mounted on the forecastle deck near the aft funnel and were protected by gun shields. The anti-aircraft (AA) armament were composed of two quick-firing (QF)  20 cwt Mk I guns. The ships were fitted with four submerged 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, two on each broadside. Queen Elizabeth was completed with two fire-control directors fitted with  rangefinders. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod foremast. Each turret was also fitted with a 15-foot rangefinder. The main armament could be controlled by 'B' turret as well. The secondary armament was primarily controlled by directors mounted on each side of the compass platform on the foremast once they were fitted in March 1917, although one temporary director was fitted in November–December 1916.

Armour
The waterline belt of the Queen Elizabeth class consisted of Krupp cemented armour (KC) that was  thick over the ships' vitals. The gun turrets were protected by  of KC armour and were supported by barbettes  thick. The ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from  in thickness. The main conning tower was protected by 13 inches of armour. After the Battle of Jutland, 1 inch of high-tensile steel was added to the main deck over the magazines and additional anti-flash equipment was added in the magazines.

Modifications
Between 1919 and 1927, Queen Elizabeth underwent numerous modifications, including the enlargement of the foremast top. Rangefinders were installed on the gun turrets "B" and "X" as well as high angle rangefinders at the forward wheelhouse. Another high angle range finder was installed at the forward conning tower. The 3-inch guns were replaced by 4-inch guns. Radio direction finding equipment was installed at the aft end of the command platform with antenna above the helm station, the bridge superstructure was modified and funnels were combined into one unit. Furthermore, the superstructures for accommodating signal personnel and equipment were extended and the yards on the foremast were removed. In her 1937–1941 rebuild she was fitted with a tower bridge in place of her old bridge; her 6-inch (152 mm) guns were removed and replaced by 20 (10 × 2) 4.5 in (114 mm) guns in ten double turrets and several smaller anti-aircraft guns; horizontal armour was added; engines and boilers were replaced; and the elevation of her main battery was increased to 30 degrees. Deck armour was increased to 5 inches over the magazines, 2.5 inches over the machinery, while the new 4.5" guns had between 1 and 2 inches of armour. She also received facilities for aircraft with a launching catapult amidships New fire control equipment was installed, including the HACS Mk IV AA fire control system and the Admiralty Fire Control Table Mk VII for surface fire control of the main armament. This reconstruction was completed in January 1941, when Britain had been at war for over a year. The ship was fitted with flying-off platforms mounted on the roofs of 'B' and 'X' turrets by February 1919, from which fighters and reconnaissance aircraft could launch. The platform was removed from 'X' turret during her 1926–1927 refit; the other platform was removed sometime later.

Construction and career

Queen Elizabeth, named after Elizabeth I of England, was laid down at Portsmouth Dockyard on 21 October 1912 and was launched on 16 October 1913, completing in January 1915 during the First World War. While still undergoing testing in the Mediterranean, the ship was sent to the Dardanelles for the Allied attempt to knock the Ottoman Empire out of the war. During the attempted military invasion of the Gallipoli on 25 April, Queen Elizabeth was the flagship for General Sir Ian Hamilton, commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force.

Dardanelles

After the ships of the British and French fleets had shelled the outer forts of the Gallipoli peninsula on November 3, 1914, it was decided to launch a complete amphibious operation in January 1915. Therefore, the Admiralty ordered a convoy of eight ships — including Queen Elizabeth — to the Dardanelles. She was scheduled to reach the Dardanelles on 15 February. But due to an accident off Gibraltar on 12 February, in which she had torn off the blades of one of her turbines and was thus no longer able to travel at more than half speed, her arrival was postponed to 25 February.
Upon their arrival on 25 February, Queen Elizabeth, together with Agamemnon, Irresistible and Gaulois, launched a new attack with the aim of destroying the outer forts at close range and all the way to the entrance. Since the attack on 19 February had shown how little hope there was of permanently disabling a battery by the mere firing of shells, the order for the attacking ships was to destroy every single gun by a direct hit. The general plan was for four ships to sail in groups of two to the entrance of the strait, turn around and then attack Cape Helles and Kum Kale with their secondary armament until they reached a distance of about 3,300 yards.
In pursuance of these orders, Queen Elizabeth anchored 7 miles southwest of the Cape Helles lighthouse, set her sights on Sedd el Bahr and took out the two modern 23 cm guns there.  During the first week of March, several bombardments of the inner forts proved fruitless. On 5 March, Queen Elizabeth fired for four hours from a distance of 13 kilometers at the forts on the European side of the strait, but with almost no effect. The next day she fired on Chemenlik, but the Ottomans had moved unnoticed the old pre-dreadnought Hairredin Barbarossa into the strait at Chanak, from where it could fire on Queen Elizabeth. The first shells were ignored thinking they were coming from a mobile field howitzer, but to be safe they moved 1 km away from this position. When the Ottoman ship's observation post on the coast was discovered, Queen Elizabeth, Agamemmnon and Ocean fired at it with several salvos, but the Ottomans quickly moved to a new position, so Hairredin Barbarossa fired again at Queen Elizabeth, finally hitting her three times below the waterline. However, the shells could not penetrate the battleship's belt armor. In order to avoid further damage, the ship withdrew from this position.

Main attack on 18 March
The event that decided the battle took place on the night of 18 March, when the Ottoman minelayer Nusret laid a series of mines across the head of Eren Köy Bay, a wide bay along the Asiatic coast right at the entrance to the strait, in front of the Kephez minefield. The Ottomans had noticed that the British ships were turning to starboard as they retreated into the bay.  The new line of 20 mines ran parallel to the shore, anchored at a height of fifteen metres and spaced about 91 metres apart. Because of the clear water, the mines could be seen through the water by reconnaissance aircraft.
The British plan for 18 March was to take out the defences of the first five minefields, which were to be cleared overnight. The next day, the remaining defences around the Narrows were to be overcome and the last five minefields removed. The operation continued without the British and French knowing of the recent additions to the Ottoman minefields. The battleships were deployed in three lines, two British and one French, with support ships on the flanks and two ships in reserve.  After Queen Elizabeth had slowly entered the strait under constant fire, she reached her attack position at around 11:00 and opened fire on the fortifications at Çanakkale at 11:25. At first, the attack seemed to go according to plan, but after several ships hit the mines laid earlier in the afternoon, it was decided to withdraw as darkness fell.  Queen Elizabeth took part in further naval operations with heavy losses until the beginning of May. But after several battleships were sunk in May, the Admiralty decided to cease constant battleship support. Thus, on 12 May, Queen Elizabeth left the Dardanelles and returned home.

She then proceeded to Gibraltar and on to Scapa Flow, where she joined the 5th Battle Squadron on 26 May 1916. From 22 May to 4 June 1916, she was overhauled at Rosyth, so she did not take part in the Battle of Jutland. Also in June, she temporarily became the flagship of the 5th Battle Squadron. In July, the ship underwent another overhaul. After her recommissioning in 1917, she briefly served as U.S. Admiral Mayo's flagship.

Interwar period
On 15 November 1918, representatives of the German Empire signed the terms of the armistice with the Allies on board the Queen Elizabeth. On 26 July 1924 she took part in the annual fleet review off Spithead and on 1 November 1924 was detached to the Mediterranean Fleet to replace the Iron Duke as flagship. She was then replaced as flagship by Warspite in May 1926 and decommissioned in Portsmouth for refit. After the refit, which lasted until December 1927, she was recommissioned as flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet on 2 January 1928 and visited Istanbul in October 1929. From November 1929 to May 1930 she underwent another overhaul at Portsmouth. In July of the same year, she was detached to Alexandria with Ramillies to support local troops during the uprising by the Waft Party. From November 1932 to March 1933, the ship was overhauled in Portsmouth and took part in the fleet review off Spithead on 16 July 1935 during the 25th anniversary of George V's throne jubilee. She was also in Alexandria during the Abyssinia Crisis and took part in the fleet review marking the coronation of George VI off Spithead on 19 May 1937.
During the 1930s she participated in the non-intervention blockade during the Spanish Civil War.

Second World War
On 1 August 1937, she was decommissioned for conversion work at Portsmouth, but had to be transferred from Portsmouth to Rosyth in December 1940, fearing air raids by the Luftwaffe. On 31 January 1941, Queen Elizabeth was recommissioned and assigned to the 2nd Battle Squadron of the Home Fleet.

Mediterranean Sea
In May 1941, she was reassigned to the Mediterranean Fleet. On 6 May she departed Gibraltar for Alexandria and, together with Force H, formed convoy escorts to Malta. She then participated in the defence of Crete and the evacuation of British-Australian-New Zealand Expeditionary Force during the German Operation Merkur. On 26 May, she and Barham supported the air attack on the German base at Karpathos by aircraft from Formidable. On 27 May, she became the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron and flagship of the 2nd Fleet, replacing Barham which had been damaged by bombs during the battle.

On 19 December 1941, Queen Elizabeth and her sister ship  were seriously damaged by limpet mines placed by Italian combat swimmers of Decima Flottiglia MAS, who entered the Allied military port of Alexandria with SLC type "manned torpedoes" ("maiali"). Although badly damaged, with her draught increased to 41.8 feet (12.5m), Queen Elizabeth was not grounded on the harbour bottom, her decks were clear and the Italian crews were captured. For this reason, the Royal Navy maintained the illusion of full operational status, to conceal their weakened position in the Mediterranean during the period the two ships were repaired and refloated. Valiant went back into service after many months and Queen Elizabeth after more than a year and a half. Following completion of temporary repairs in an Alexandria drydock in June 1942, she steamed through the Suez Canal and around Africa to the Navy Yard in Norfolk, Virginia, in the United States. From September 1942 until June 1943, she was comprehensively repaired. Queen Elizabeth went to the Home Fleet in July 1943.

Pacific
On 23 December 1943, Queen Elizabeth set sail bound for Trincomalee. Upon her arrival on 28 January 1944, C-in-C the Eastern Fleet Admiral Somerville assumed command. During Operation Cockpit, in formation with French and Dutch units, she supported Illustrious and the Saratoga in their attack on Sabang on 19 April. From 30 April to 1 May, she participated in the bombardment of Car Nicobar and Port Blair in the Andaman Islands during Operation D, after which the ship was overhauled at Durban from October to November 1944. In January 1945, she participated in further bombardments of Sabang during Operation Outflank and participated in the recapture of Burma until May where she supported the landing of Allied troops on Ramree Island on 21 January and on Cheduba Island on 26 January as part of Operation Dracula.

Post War
On 12 July 1945 she was replaced by HMS Nelson as flagship and returned home. After arriving in Portsmouth on 7 August 1945, she was detached to Rosyth for reserve duty on 10 August. From October 1945 to March 1946 she served the Home Fleet as accommodation ship. She was then reassigned to the Portsmouth Reserve where she remained until her decommissioning on 15 May 1948. In July 1948, she was sold to Arnott Young and scrapped at Troon.

Notes

Citations

References

External links

 Royal Navy History HMS Queen Elizabeth loading cordite and shells for firing.
 Maritimequest HMS Queen Elizabeth Photo Gallery
 HMS Queen Elizabeth at navalhistories
 IWM Interview with Geoffrey Norman, who commanded HMS Queen Elizabeth from 1943 to 1945

1913 ships
Ships built in Portsmouth
Queen Elizabeth-class battleships
World War I battleships of the United Kingdom
World War II battleships of the United Kingdom

HMS Queen Elizabeth (1913)


Arthur County may refer to:
 Arthur County, Nebraska
 the former name of Arthur Land District, Tasmania, Australia

Arthur County


يوسف الرقيق فنان تشكيلي وممثل تونسي، ولد في مدينة المحرس بصفاقس بالجنوب التونسي، وتوفي في 13 مايو 2012 عن عمر ناهز 72 عاما بعد صراع مع المرض. ويعد الرقيق من أبرز الرسامين على الزجاج وهو مؤسس المهرجان الدولي للفنون التشكيلية بالمحرس سنة 1988. كما كان أستاذا للمسرح وأدار الفرقة المسرحية لبلدية صفاقس خلال السبعينات وقدم أول معرض تشكيلي له سنة 1978.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
مدينة المحرس التونسية تستضيف على شاطئها تشكيليين في دورة جديدة لمهرجانها الدولي

رسامون تونسيون
ممثلون وممثلات تونسيون
مواليد 1940
مواليد في المحرس
وفيات 1433 هـ
وفيات في مدينة تونس

يوسف الرقيق


Der Gerichtsbezirk Mondsee (Mondseeland) war ein dem Bezirksgericht Mondsee unterstehender Gerichtsbezirk im politischen Bezirk Vöcklabruck (Bundesland Oberösterreich). Per 1. Juli 2013 wurde der Gerichtsbezirk aufgelöst und das Gebiet dem Gerichtsbezirk Vöcklabruck zugewiesen.

Geschichte
Der Gerichtsbezirk Mondsee wurde durch einen Erlass des k.k. Oberlandesgerichtes Linz am 4. Juli 1850 geschaffen und umfasste ursprünglich die zwölf Steuergemeinden Au, Hof, Innerschwand, Laiter, Mondsee, Oberaschau, Oberwang, Rabenschwand, Sankt Lorenz, Tiefgraben, Unterach und Zell am Moos, wobei das Bezirksgericht ursprünglich dem Landesgericht Salzburg unterstellt war.

Der Gerichtsbezirk bildete im Zuge der Trennung der politischen von der judikativen Verwaltung
ab 1868 gemeinsam mit den Gerichtsbezirken Frankenmarkt, Schwanenstadt und Vöcklabruck den politischen Bezirk Vöcklabruck.
Durch Gemeindezusammenlegungen reduzierte sich die Anzahl der Gemeinden nach und nach auf acht Gemeinden.

Die im Sinne der Verwaltungsreform sowie Budgeteinsparungen 2011/12 begonnene Diskussion über die Schließung von Bezirksgerichten und die Auflösung von Bezirksgerichten führte schließlich zur Entscheidung, den Gerichtsbezirk Mondsee aufzulösen, da das zuständige Bezirksgericht über nur eine Richterstelle verfügte.
Die Auflösung des Gerichtsbezirks Mondsee wurde schließlich im Juni 2012 verordnet und wurde per 1. Juli 2013 amtswirksam.

Gerichtssprengel
Der Gerichtssprengel umfasste mit den acht Gemeinden Innerschwand am Mondsee, Mondsee, Oberhofen am Irrsee, Oberwang, Sankt Lorenz, Tiefgraben, Unterach am Attersee und Zell am Moos den südwestlichen Teil des politischen Bezirks Vöcklabruck.

Literatur

 Statistik Austria: Ortsverzeichnis Oberösterreich 2005

Weblinks
 Bezirksgericht Vöcklabruck, justiz.gv.at

Einzelnachweise

Bezirk Vöcklabruck
Mondsee
Mondsee
Salzkammergut
Gegründet 1850
Aufgelöst 2013

Gerichtsbezirk Mondsee


Nghệ An er en provins i den nordlige kystregion i Vietnam. Provinsen består af byen Vinh (hovedstaden). Nghệ An er den største provins i den nordlige kystregion i Vietnam.

Der er seks universiteter i Nghệ An, alle er i byen Vinh; Det største er Vinh University.

Historisk set har Nghệ An og Vinh og dets omkringliggende områder ofte været vigtige centre for oprør og revolutionære aktiviteter. I det 19. århundrede og begyndelsen af det 20. århundrede var byen centrum for flere fremtrædende oprør mod franskmændene. Derudover blev en række bemærkelsesværdige revolutionære personer født i eller nær byen Vinh, herunder Nguyễn Du, Phan Bội Châu, Trần Trọng Kim, Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai og Hồ Chí Minh.

Vietnams geografi
Provinser

Nghệ An


Ayşegül Yordam, Türk müzisyen. Geleneksel halk türküleri söylemektedir.

1994 yılında ilk solo çalışması olan "Güzelleme" adlı albümü çıkardı. Albümlerinde geleneksel ve Batı müziği enstrümanlarını bir arada kullandı.

Canlı olarak kaydedilen Farfara albümü ile dünya müziğinin saygın dergilerinden Froots'un 2006 mart sayısı listesine girdi. Grup Yorum'un "Sıyrılıp Gelen" albümüne adını veren parçayı okudu. Halen İstanbul'da yaşamakta ve çeşitli projeler ile müzik alanında çalışmalarına devam etmektedir.

Albümleri
 Güzelleme (1994)
 Güzelleme 2 (1995)
 Güzelleme 3 (1997)
 Güz (1999)
 Güzelleme 4 (2000)
 Yağmur (2004)
 Farfara (2005)
 N'ettim Size (2007)

Dış bağlantılar

Yaşayan insanlar
Grup Yorum üyeleri
Türk kadın şarkıcılar
Türk halk müziği ses sanatçıları
Kalan Müzik sanatçıları
İber Müzik sanatçıları

Ayşegül Yordam


Clube Desportivo Nacional, oftast þekkt sem Nacional og stundum Nacional da Madeira, er portúgalskt knattspyrnufélag með aðsetur í Funchal á Madeiraeyjum.

Titlar

Árangur í deild

Tilvísanir

Portúgölsk knattspyrnufélög
stofnað 1910

C.D. Nacional


An Bulbine fallax in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Karl von Poellnitz. An Bulbine fallax in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bulbine, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bulbine

Bulbine fallax


In the resonator mode, the plasma density does not exceed the
critical density.
A standing electromagnetic wave, which is confined by a
resonator cavity, penetrates the plasma and sustains it in the regions of highest field
intensity. The geometry of this region determines the spatial distribution of the plasma.  Plasmas excited in resonator mode are less resistant against detuning, for instance by the insertion of electric probes (Langmuir probes) or electrically conducting samples compared
to surface-wave plasmas. There, the high plasma density better shields disturbing potentials.

Waves in plasmas

Resonator mode


The Pajama Game is a musical based on the 1953 novel 7½ Cents by Richard Bissell.
The book is by George Abbott and Richard Bissell; the music and lyrics are by Richard Adler and Jerry Ross. Dances were staged by Bob Fosse in his choreography debut. The story deals with labor troubles and romance in a pajama factory.

The original Broadway production opened on May 13, 1954, at the St. James Theatre, and ran for 1,063 performances, with a brief stop at the Shubert Theatre at the end of the run. It was revived in 1973, and again in 2006 by The Roundabout Theatre Company. The original production, produced by Frederick Brisson, Robert E. Griffith and Harold S. Prince, won a Tony Award for Best Musical. The 2006 Broadway revival won a Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical.  The musical is a popular choice for community and school group productions.

The original West End production opened at the London Coliseum on October 13, 1955, where it ran for 588 performances.

Characters
Sid Sorokin, the handsome new factory superintendent who falls in love with Babe, despite their being on opposite sides of the labor dispute central to the plot.
Katherine "Babe" Williams, the leader of the Union Grievance Committee, who falls in love with Sid.
Myron "Old Man" Hasler, the strict head of the pajama factory who keeps a secret.
Gladys Hotchkiss, Hasler's attractive, quick-witted secretary, who dates Hines and is chased by Prez.
Vernon Hines, the factory timekeeper, who thinks Gladys flirts too much and, as a result is always jealous.
Prez, the head of the union and a skirt chaser, despite being a married man.
Mabel, the mother hen of the factory and Sid's secretary.
Mae, a loud-mouthed member of the Grievance Committee, who accepts Prez's advances, much to his surprise.
Pop, Babe's kind and agreeable father.
Max, a salesman.
Charley, a worker in the factory and the handyman.
Joe, a factory worker and Prez's right-hand man.
Brenda, a member of the Grievance Committee.
Virginia, a factory girl and union activist.
Poopsie, a factory girl and union activist.
Gus, an unhappy factory helper who Sid shoves.

Plot
Act I

Vernon Hines, the efficiency expert at the Sleep-Tite Pajama Factory in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, breaks the fourth wall to introduce the story ("The Pajama Game Opening"). Inside the factory, workers churn out pajamas at a backbreaking pace ("Racing with the Clock"). In the middle of this, Sid Sorokin, has come from out of town to work in the factory as the new superintendent ("A New Town Is a Blue Town"). The union, led by Prez, is seeking a wage raise of seven-and-a-half cents an hour, though the company president, Myron Hasler, refuses to give way. Katherine "Babe" Williams is the leader of the Union Grievance Committee. Sid and Babe are in opposite camps, yet romantic interest is sparked at their first encounter. Despite cajoling from her fellow garment workers, Babe appears to reject Sid ("I'm Not At All in Love"). Meanwhile, Hines is in love with Gladys Hotchkiss, the company president's secretary, but is pushing her away with his jealous behavior. After witnessing a fight between the couple, Sid's secretary, Mabel, tries to help Hines break from his jealous ways ("I'll Never Be Jealous Again"). Meanwhile, Sid, rejected again by Babe, is forced to confide his feelings to a dictaphone ("Hey There").

During the annual company picnic, kicked off with the official Sleep-Tite Company Anthem ("Sleep-Tite"), Hines demonstrates his knife throwing act while intoxicated, almost striking Babe while attempting to knock an apple off her head. Prez chases after Gladys, who rejects his advances ("Her Is"). Babe warms up to Sid, and they turn the entire picnic into a celebratory dance ("Once a Year Day"). As the picnic-goers head home, Prez turns his attentions to Mae, who responds in the positive far more quickly and aggressively than he'd expected ("Her Is (Reprise)"). At Babe's home, Sid's romantic overtures are deflected by Babe, who makes casual conversation on tangential subjects ("Small Talk"). Eventually the walls come down between the two, who admit their love for one another ("There Once Was a Man"), but their estrangement is reinforced when they return to the factory. A slow-down is staged by the union, strongly supported by Babe ("Racing with the Clock (Reprise)"). Sid, as factory superintendent, demands an "honest day's work" and threatens to fire slackers. Babe, however, is still determined to fight for their cause, and intentionally jams the factory line, causing a breakdown, and Sid reluctantly fires her. As she leaves, he begins to wonder again whether a romance with her is a mistake ("Hey There (Reprise)").

Act II

At the Union meeting, after a rallying speech by Prez, Gladys (Mae in the 2006 revival) performs for the rest of the union, with "the boys from the cutting room floor" ("Steam Heat"). After the main meeting, the Grievance Committee meets at Babe's house, to discuss further tactics, such as mismatching sizes of pajamas and sewing the fly-buttons onto the bottoms such that they are likely to come off and leave their wearer pants-less. At the meeting, as Prez and Mae's relationship is waning, Sid arrives and tries to smooth things over with Babe. Despite her feelings for Sid, she pushes him away ("Hey There (Reprise)").

Back at the factory, the girls reassure Hines, who is personally offended by the slow down, that he is doing nothing wrong ("Think of the Time I Save"). Hasler has a meeting in his office with Max, one of the company's traveling salesmen, about an incident that occurred in Peoria, Illinois. Hines is called in to try on pajama pants, which fall down in front of everybody just as Gladys walks in. Believing that he is fooling around, she angrily dismisses him. Sid, now convinced that Babe's championship of the union is justified, takes Gladys out for the evening to a night club, Hernando's Hideaway ("Hernando's Hideaway"), where he wheedles the key to the company's books from her. Hines and Babe each discover the pair and assume they are becoming romantically involved. Babe storms out, and Hines believes his jealous imaginings have come true ("I'll Never Be Jealous Again Ballet").

Using Gladys' key, Sid accesses the firm's books and discovers that Hasler, has already tacked on the extra seven and one-half cents to the production cost, but has kept all the extra profits for himself. Hines, still jealous out of his mind, has broken into Gladys' office, and flings knives past Sid and Gladys, narrowly missing an increasingly paranoid Mr. Hasler. After detaining Hines, Sid then brings about Hasler's consent to a pay raise and rushes to bring the news to the Union Rally, already in progress ("7½ Cents"). This news brings peace to the factory and to his love life, allowing him to reconnect with Babe ("There Once Was a Man (Reprise)"). Everyone goes out to celebrate at Hernando's Hideaway clothed in company brand pajamas ("The Pajama Game Finale").

Musical numbers

 Act I
 "The Pajama Game Opening" – Hines
 "Racing With the Clock" – Factory Workers
 "A New Town Is a Blue Town" – Sid
 "I'm Not At All in Love" – Babe and Factory Girls
 "I'll Never Be Jealous Again" – Mabel and Hines
 "Hey There" – Sid
 "Racing With the Clock" (Reprise) – Factory Workers
 "Sleep-Tite" – Company
 "Her Is" – Prez and Gladys
 "Once a Year Day" – Sid, Babe, and Company
 "Her Is" (Reprise) – Prez and Mae
 "Small Talk" – Sid and Babe
 "There Once Was a Man" – Sid and Babe
 "Hey There" (Reprise) – Sid

 Act II
 "Steam Heat" – Gladys (Mae in 2006) and the Box Boys
 "The World Around Us" (added to 2006 production) – Sid
 "Hey There" (Reprise) – Babe
 "If You Win, You Lose" (added to 2006 production) – Sid and Babe
 "Think of the Time I Save" – Hines and Factory Girls
 "Hernando's Hideaway" – Gladys and Company
 "The Three of Us (Me, Myself and I)" (added to 2006 production) – Hines and Gladys
 "7½ Cents" – Prez, Babe and Factory Workers
 "There Once Was a Man" (Reprise) – Sid and Babe
 "The Pajama Game Finale" – Full Company

Notes on the music
Two of the songs, "There Once Was a Man" and "A New Town Is a Blue Town", were actually written by Frank Loesser, although they were uncredited.

"Hernando's Hideaway"
For the 2006 revival, Harry Connick Jr. played the piano, when Gladys (Megan Lawrence), Sid, and Company were on stage for "Hernando's Hideaway".
"The length and form of the song remain steady", Kathleen Marshall said, "but he can improvise within it."

"Steam Heat"
In the original production, and in the film version, the famed dance number "Steam Heat" was danced by Gladys. In the 2006 revival, the number was made with Mae (Joyce Chittick), instead of Gladys. Kathleen Marshall explains: "Hines accuses Gladys of being a flirt, and she's not. So does it make sense that she'd go and strut her stuff in front of the whole union? Hines would say, 'Aha, you floozy, I caught you!' Also, she's the boss's secretary, so why would she be at a union meeting? I think it's much more fun that Gladys doesn't really let go until she goes out with Sid, gets real drunk, and throws caution to the wind."

New songs for the 2006 revival

"The Three of Us (Me, Myself and I)"
Words and music by Richard Adler; in 2006, Hines (Michael McKean) performed the new number, "The Three of Us" at show's end with Gladys (Megan Lawrence). At the time of the revival, Adler was quoted as saying that he wrote the song for Jimmy Durante in 1964. "It was written for Jimmy Durante", says McKean, "and Durante used to do it in his act, but he never recorded it, so it's kind of an orphan."  The song was actually featured in the 1966 television musical, Olympus 7-000, part of the ABC Stage 67 series which also produced Stephen Sondheim's Evening Primrose.  Eddie Foy Jr. (who had played Hines in the original Broadway and movie versions of The Pajama Game) introduced the song in Olympus 7-000 and sings it on the Command Records soundtrack album. Donald O'Connor, Larry Blyden and Phyllis Newman co-starred in the TV special with Foy.

"The World Around Us"
"The World Around Us" was part of the 1954 Broadway previews and opening, but was dropped during the first week of the Broadway run, replaced by Babe's reprise of "Hey There".  This would leave Sid with no songs in the second act, aside from the reprise of "There Once was a Man". The number was restored for the 2006 Broadway revival, allowing star Harry Connick Jr. to have a second-act song.

"If You Win, You Lose"
Words and music by Richard Adler; for the 1973 revival, in place of the second-act "Hey There" reprise, there was a new song, "Watch Your Heart". Retitled "If You Win, You Lose", the song has been included in recent productions of the show and was in the 2006 Broadway production.

Production history

Original Broadway
The original Broadway production opened at the St. James Theatre on May 13, 1954, and closed on November 24, 1956, after 1,063 performances.  It was directed by George Abbott and Jerome Robbins and was the first Broadway show to feature the choreography of Bob Fosse. The production's scenic designer and costume designer was Lemuel Ayers. The original cast included Eddie Foy Jr. (Hines), Stanley Prager (Prez), Gordon Woodbrun (Joe), Ralph Dunn (Hasler), Carol Haney (Gladys), John Raitt (Sid Sorokin), Reta Shaw (Mabel), Buzz Miller (Second Helper), Janis Paige (Babe Williams), Rae Allen (Poopsie) and Jack Waldron (Salesman).

This production is also noted for jump-starting the career of Shirley MacLaine. An unknown 20-year-old at the time, she was selected to understudy Carol Haney's role. Starting in late May 1954, MacLaine filled the role while Haney was out of commission with an injured ankle. Director/producer Hal B. Wallis was an audience member at one of MacLaine's performances, and signed her as a contract player for Paramount Pictures. The production received the Tony Award for Best Musical, and Carol Haney's performance and Bob Fosse's choreography were also honored.

Original London
The Pajama Game opened at the London Coliseum on 13 October 1955 and ran for 588 performances – an undoubted hit. Edmund Hockridge played Sid Sorokin and Joy Nichols played Babe Williams. Max Wall, in a rare outing to the musical stage, played Hines, Elizabeth Seal, who later found stardom playing the lead role in Irma La Douce, played Gladys, and Frank Lawless played Prez.

Original Australia and New Zealand
The original Australian production presented by J.C. Williamson commenced at Her Majesty's Theatre, Melbourne on February 2, 1957.

The cast was led by Toni Lamond as Babe Williams and William Newman as Sid Sorokin, with Keith Petersen as Hines, Jill Perryman as Mabel, Don Richards as Prez and Tikki Taylor as Gladys.

It subsequently toured to Sydney's Empire Theatre, commencing June 12, 1957, followed by Her Majesty's Theatre, Brisbane from November 12, 1957. The show then made a return engagement to Her Majesty's Theatre, Melbourne, commencing Boxing Day, December 26, 1957.

The production continued touring through 1958, first to His Majesty's Theatre, Perth from May 3, 1958, then to Theatre Royal, Adelaide from June 18, 1958.

After its Australian season, the tour commenced its New Zealand season on February 10, 1958 at His Majesty's Theatre, Auckland, followed by the Grand Opera House, Wellington, from March 12, 1958, where it concluded its run.

Film, 1957
The film version was released by Warner Bros. in 1957 and featured the original stage cast except for Janis Paige, whose role is played by Doris Day, and Stanley Prager, whose role is played by Jack Straw.

Broadway revival, 1973
A Broadway revival opened on December 9, 1973, at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, but it closed on February 3, 1974, after just 65 performances.  It was directed by George Abbott, one of the two directors of the original production in 1954, with choreography by Zoya Leporska.  The cast included Hal Linden, Barbara McNair, and Cab Calloway as Hines.

West End, 1999
A West End revival arrived at the Victoria Palace Theatre in October 1999 having originated at Birmingham Rep and transferred to the Victoria Palace via Toronto. Directed by Simon Callow, it briefly starred Ulrika Johnson as Babe (Birmingham Rep), but she left the production when it travelled to Toronto where Babe was played by Camilla Scott, then in London, Leslie Ashe. Sid Sorokin was played by Graham Bickley throughout, earning himself a Dora Award nomination for 'Outstanding Performance by a male in a Principal Role' in Toronto. It also starred John Hegley and Anita Dobson with choreography by David Bintley. It closed on 18 December 1999.

Broadway, 2006
The Roundabout Theatre Company revival, produced by special arrangement with Jeffrey Richards, James Fuld Jr. and Scott Landis, opened on February 23, 2006 and closed on June 17, 2006, after 129 performances (and 41 previews). Kathleen Marshall was choreographer and director, with a cast starring Harry Connick Jr., making his Broadway acting debut as Sid, Kelli O'Hara as Babe, Michael McKean as Hines, Roz Ryan as Mabel, and Megan Lawrence as Gladys. The revival included three added songs by Richard Adler. The original book by George Abbott and Richard Bissell was revised by Peter Ackerman. This revival cast made a recording that was included in full on the two-part album Harry on Broadway, Act I with Connick Jr. and O'Hara recording a second set of selections from the 2001 musical Thou Shalt Not.

Chichester Festival Theatre and West End, 2013/2014
Directed by Richard Eyre, the UK 2013 revival of The Pajama Game opened on April 22 at Chichester Festival Theatre's Minerva Theatre and the cast included television personality Gary Wilmot. The production's sold-out run at Chichester ended on 8 June 2013, and on 1 May 2014 it transferred to the West End's Shaftesbury Theatre. The West End transfer received positive reviews from a number of national media outlets. The production ran for a limited season at the Shaftesbury Theatre, closing on 13 September 2014.

Awards and nominations

Original Broadway production

2006 Broadway revival

Recordings
The 1954 cast recording, originally issued by Columbia Records and currently available on Sony Masterworks.
The 1957 film soundtrack recording, originally issued by Columbia Records and currently available on Collectables Records.
An EP of the Australian cast was recorded during the New Zealand leg of the tour. The track list included "The Pajama Game", "Her Is", "Hey There", "I'll Never Be Jealous Again", and "7 1/2 Cents".
The cast recording for the 2006 revival is a two-disc set: The first disc contains the Broadway cast recording from The Pajama Game; and as a suggestion from the Sony record company, there is a second disc, which contains new recordings of songs from Harry Connick, Jr.'s, compositions for the 2001 musical Thou Shalt Not, performed by Harry Connick Jr., and Kelli O'Hara. The double album is produced by Tracey Freeman and Harry Connick Jr.

References

External links

The Pajama Game (2006) at broadway.com
The Pajama Game (2006) Reviews
Video feature: Opening Night: The Pajama Game (2006)

The Pajama Game Music Theatre International website
Phoenix Entertainment Tour

1954 musicals
Broadway musicals
Musicals based on novels
Musicals by Richard Adler
Musicals by Jerry Ross
Musicals choreographed by Bob Fosse
Musicals set in Iowa
Tony Award for Best Musical
Tony Award-winning musicals
Musicals set in factories

The Pajama Game


عثمان بن جلون (مواليد 1931)، هو مصرفي، ورجل أعمال مغربي. هو رئيس المجموعة الاقتصادية فينانس كوم, التي تراقب نحو 25% من سوق التأمين بالمغرب عبر الشركة الوطنية للتأمين والشركة الملكية للتأمين، اللتين اندمجتا تحت اسم الملكية الوطنية للتأمين، ومدير البنك المغربي للتجارة الخارجية، الذي يمثل نحو 16% من النشاط المصرفي بالمغرب، كما يرأس بنجلون منذ عام 1995 «المجموعة المهنية لبنوك المغرب».

في مايو 2013 حصل على لقب «الإداري الفخري» من مركز الدراسات الدولية والاستراتيجية بواشنطن.

مسيرته
بدأ بنجلون حياته العملية في التجارة رفقة أخيه عمر، الوكيل الحصري لشركة فولفو السويدية بالمغرب. وتوسعت أعمال الأخوان بنجلون لتشكل مجموعة صناعية عملاقة ومتنوعة الأنشطة.

في عام 2019، احتل عثمان بنجلون المرتبة الثانية في قائمة أغنى رجل في المغرب، والخامس عشر في إفريقيا وفقًا لمجلة فوربس، بثروة تقدر بأكثر من 1.3 مليار دولار

شراء الملكية للتأمين
وفي سنة 1989 بدأ بنجلون المشوار الذي سيقوده لإنشاء مجموعته المالية الخاصة بشراء حصص الورثة في «الشركة الملكية للتأمين». ورغم أن هذه الأخيرة لم تكن شركة كبيرة، إلا أنها تكتسي أهمية رمزية وتاريخية بالنسبة للقطاع المالي المغربي، فتأسيسها يعود إلى مرحلة النضال الوطني من أجل استقلال المغرب، إذ تم تأسيسها سنة 1949 من طرف مجموعة من المنتسبين للحركة الوطنية كان يحدوهم الطموح لوضع اللبنات الأولى لاقتصاد المغرب المستقل. وشكل إطلاق اسم «الملكية» على الشركة في ذلك الوقت تحديا للسلطات الاستعمارية اعتبارا لدور الملك محمد الخامس في قيادة معركة التحرير الوطني.

وعندما تسلم عثمان بنجلون زمام «الشركة الملكية التأمين» اعتمد في إدارتها الصرامة في احترام الضوابط والمعايير المعتمدة دوليا في إدارة نشاط التأمين. وجنب هذا المنهج الشركة مطب الدخول في حرب الأسعار والصراع المحموم حول حصص السوق الذي زج بقطاع التأمينات المغربي في أزمة خانقة خلال التسعينات والذي أدى إلى إفلاس 5 شركات تأمين. ورغم أن الشركة الملكية ظلت شركة صغيرة إلا أنها اكتسبت بفضل سياستها الصارمة قاعدة مالية صلبة، إذ كان هامش سيولتها في منتصف التسعينات يقدر بنحو 3000%، وتمكنت بذلك من التقدم بعرض غير قابل للمنافسة عندما طرحت الدولة حصصها في مصرف «البنك المغربي للتجارة الخارجية» للبيع.

البنك المغربي للتجارة الخارجية
وأثار فوز بنجلون بصفقة تخصيص «البنك المغربي للتجارة الخارجية» عام 1995 عدة انتقادات داخل وخارج المغرب، وعبر خبراء مؤسسات مالية دولية عن تخوفهم من الأخطار التي يمكن أن تنجم عن سيطرة الرأسمال الصناعي على الرأسمال المصرفي.

وبدأ بنجلون مسلسل تحويل «البنك المغربي للتجارة الخارجية» من مؤسسة مالية عمومية متخصصة في تمويل التجارة الخارجية إلى مصرف حديث متعدد الأنشطة والمهن البنكية والشبه بنكية. ولتمويل هذا المشروع لجأ بنجلون عام 1996 إلى عملية مالية غير مسبوقة في المغرب، إذ كان أول مؤسسة مغربية خاصة تصدر «سندات إيداع دولية» (GDR) مسعرة في بورصة لندن لتمويل الزيادة في رأسمال البنك بقيمة 60 مليون دولار.

ومع نهاية سنة 1999 تعززت المجموعة المالية لعثمان بنجلون بشركتين جديدتين للتأمين، إذ تقدم بعرض غير قابل للمنافسة لشراء «الشركة الوطنية للتأمين»، و«شركة الرابطة الإفريقية للتأمين» اللتين كانتا مملوكتين لـ«مجموعة التأمين الوطنية» الفرنسية. ومرة أخرى تم تمويل الصفقة باقتراض دولي قيمته 160 مليون يورو شاركت في تمويله 25 مؤسسة مصرفية أوروبية ودولية.

الصناعة
وفي المجال الصناعي شكل عثمان بنجلون، مع شركة «هاتفيكا» الإسبانية وشركة الاتصالات البرتغالية» ومجموعة «أكوا» المغربية و«صندوق الإيداع والتدبير» المغربي، التحالف الذي فاز بالرخصة الثانية للهاتف النقال بالمغرب، والتي درت على خزينة الدولة نحو مليار دولار تم إيداعها في «صندوق الحسن الثاني للتنمية» الموجه لمرافقة البرامج الكبرى للسياسات التنموية للحكومة المغربية. وفي سنة 2000 أعلن عثمان بنجلون هيكلة مساهماته في إطار مجموعة مالية أطلق عليها اسم «فايننس كوم».

ويلعب بنجلون دورا بارزا في مجال دعم الشركات المغربية خاصة تلك التي تعاني صعوبات مالية. فقد ساهم في تقويم الشركة المغربية للملاحة «كوماناف»، والتي ستطرحها الدولة للتخصيص مع بداية العام المقبل بعد أن تجاوزت نفق الخسائر وبدأت تدر الأرباح. كما قام بشراء مجموعة «ماروك سوار» الإعلامية في نهاية 2001، ليعيد بيعها لرجل الأعمال والصحافي السعودي عثمان العمير في مارس (اذار) 2004 بعد تقويم اختلالاتها المالية، وتحديث مطابعها وهياكلها.

ويوجد عثمان بنجلون في العديد من الشركات التي توجد في وضعية صعبة كمساهم في رأسمالها من جهة، ومن خلال القروض المصرفية لـ«البنك المغربي للتجارة الخارجية». وقد كلف هذا السلوك بنجلون العديد من الانتقادات التي وصفته أحيانا بالمغامر، خاصة من طرف «البنك المركزي المغربي» الذي عبر عن قلقه لمستوى محفظة مساهمات «البنك المغربي للتجارة الخارجية» ونسبة المخاطر التي تكتنفها.

وبالموازات مع أنشطته الاقتصادية يرأس بنجلون «مجلس التجارة والاستثمار المغربي ـ الأميركي»، كما يضطلع بدور مستشار لدى «مركز الدراسات الاستراتيجية الدولية» في واشنطن.

وكان العاهل المغربي الملك الحسن الثاني قد عينه مستشارا لجامعة الأخوين بمدينة إفران المغربية. وفي مجال العمل الاجتماعي أنشأ بنجلون «مؤسسة البنك المغربي للتجارة الخارجية»، التي جعلت من بين أولوياتها محاربة الأمية والحفاظ على البيئة.

مراجع

وصلة خارجية
 البنك المغربي للتجارة الخارجية

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من فاس
أصحاب أعمال مغاربة
أعضاء نادي موناكو
خريجو مدرسة لوزان الاتحادية للفنون التطبيقية
رؤساء تنفيذيون مغاربة
زملاء كلية كينجز لندن
مصرفيون مغاربة
مليارديرات مغاربة
مهندسون مغاربة
مواليد 1351 هـ
مواليد 1931
مواليد 1932
مواليد في فاس
شخصيات أعمال مغربية في القرن 20

عثمان بن جلون


178243 Schaerding este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
178243 Schaerding este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Gaisberg de Richard Gierlinger. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,78 ua, o excentricitate de 0,10 și o înclinație de 0,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 178001-179000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2006
Centura de asteroizi

178243 Schaerding


Emma Harriet Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne (* 16. Oktober 1941 in Oxford) ist eine britische Politikerin (Liberal Democrats, zuvor Conservative Party).

Nicholson besuchte die Königliche Musikakademie und erwarb das Ehrendoktorat an der Universität North London, der Universität von Timișoara und der Akademie für Wirtschaftsstudien in Bukarest. Nachdem sie zunächst Gastprofessorin am St Antony's College der Universität Oxford war, wurde sie später assoziiertes Mitglied. Nicholson arbeitete von 1962 bis 1974 als Designerin von Software, Systemanalytikerin und EDV-Beraterin, wurde danach Direktorin für internationale Entwicklung und war von 1977 bis 1985 Direktorin für die Beschaffung von Mitteln aus Kollekten für den Kinderhilfsfonds Save the Children.

Nicholson war von 1983 bis 1987 stellvertretende Vorsitzende der Conservative Party. Sie vertrat im House of Commons von 1987 bis 1997 den Wahlkreis Torridge and West Devon. 1995 wechselte sie dabei von der Conservative Party zu den Liberal Democrats. 1997 wurde sie als Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne, of Winterbourne, in the Royal County of Berkshire, zur Life Peeress erhoben und ist dadurch seither Mitglied des House of Lords auf Lebenszeit. Von 1999 bis 2009 gehörte sie dem Europäischen Parlament an.

Literatur
 "The Iraqi Marshlands" (2002)
 "Secret society" (1996)
 "Why does the West forget?" (1993)

Weblinks

Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments für das Vereinigte Königreich
Mitglied des House of Lords
Life Peer
Abgeordneter des House of Commons (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Liberal-Democrats-Mitglied
Conservative-Party-Mitglied
Brite
Geboren 1941
Frau

Emma Harriet Nicholson


Las calcarenitas son rocas sedimentarias detríticas carbonáticas, formadas por la consolidación de arenas calcáreas. Son equivalentes a las areniscas, cuyos componentes detríticos son terrígenos. El tamaño de los clastos mayoritarios debe estar entre 0,063 y 2 mm (si son menores sería una calcilutita, si mayores, calcirrudita).

Este tipo de rocas se forma principalmente en las zonas litorales de las regiones tropicales en las formaciones dunares o barras costeras, constituidas por las arenas de erosión de los arrecifes coralinos.

Denominaciones locales
 En la comarca de Los Alcores (Sevilla) existen diferentes canteras de las que se extrae un tipo especial de calcarenita que se llama albero. Una vez triturada se emplea para el ruedo de las plazas de toros.
 En la zona de Populonia, en Italia, su nombre local panchina designa la roca utilizada por los etruscos de la costa de Piombino para construir sus edificios, en particular sus tumbas.

Bibliografía
 Flügel, E. (2010) Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Germany. 976 pp. ISBN 978-3540220169
 Grabau, A.W. (1903) Paleozoic coral reefs. Geological Society of America Bulletin. vol. 14, pp. 337-352.
 Grabau, A.W. (1904) On the classification of sedimentary rocks. American Geologist. vol. 33, pp. 228-247.
 Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson, J.A., eds. (2005) Glossary of Geology (5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute. 779 pp. ISBN 0-922152-76-4
 Scholle, P.A., D.G. Bebout, and C.H. Moore (1983) Carbonate Depositional Environments. Memoir no. 33. Tulsa, Oklahoma, American Association of Petroleum Geologists. 708 pp. ISBN 978-0891813101

Rocas sedimentarias carbonatadas

Calcarenita