Aaron Russo (February 14, 1943 – August 24, 2007) was an American entertainment businessman, film producer and director, and political activist. He was best known for producing movies including Trading Places, Wise Guys, and The Rose. Later in life, he created various libertarian-leaning political documentaries including Mad as Hell and America: Freedom to Fascism.

After a six-year battle with cancer, Russo died on August 24, 2007.

Early life
Russo was born in Brooklyn, New York, to a Jewish family. Growing up on Long Island, Russo worked for his family's undergarment business.

Entertainment career
In April 1968, Russo opened the nightclub Kinetic Playground in Chicago, Illinois, originally naming it the Electric Theater.  He booked numerous prominent rock groups and musicians at the club such as The Grateful Dead, Iron Butterfly, Jefferson Airplane, Janis Joplin, Led Zeppelin, King Crimson, Vanilla Fudge, Rotary Connection, and The Who.

In addition to owning his own nightclub, Russo managed several musical acts throughout the 1970s including The Manhattan Transfer and Bette Midler.

Russo then moved into producing and directing movies, six of them receiving Academy Award nominations and two receiving Golden Globe Award nominations. His first producing credit was for Midler's Clams on the Half-Shell Revue. Other notable feature films he produced include The Rose (1979), starring Midler, and also Trading Places (1983), starring Eddie Murphy and Dan Aykroyd. His final film would be America: Freedom to Fascism, a political documentary critical of the Internal Revenue Service and the Federal Reserve System and warning about the coming of the New World Order.

In 1987, Aaron Russo had set up its own entertainment company, Aaron Russo Entertainment with self-financing up to $86 million in coin to aid for the prospecting for film, TV and music properties and it was a Delaware corporation that was based in New York, and gave them a capital of $62 million for production of 6-to-10 films each budgeted at $5 million, which is maximum of $15 million, and gains agreements with Vestron Inc. for US home video rights, the Rank Organization (previous position held by Producers Sales Organization, prior to bankruptcy) gave them foreign rights to all media and US syndication and pay cable rights going to HBO, so they would not have to disclose the participants' contributions to the production kitty, and all of the ARE productions were gone to Orion Pictures for the U.S. and Canada theatrical rights. He then named Irwin Russo as senior vice president of the Los Angeles-based Aaron Russo Films and the company had set up feature projects by 1988, with record division Aaron Russo Films and Aaron Russo Television set to follow.

Political career
Russo became involved in political issues in the mid-1990s when he produced and starred in the documentary entitled Mad As Hell in which he criticized the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the federal government's War on Drugs, the concept of a National Identity Card, and government regulation of alternative medicine.

In 1998, Russo took his political interests to a higher level, running for governor of the state of Nevada as a Republican.  Placing second in the Republican primary with 26% of the vote to candidate Kenny Guinn, Russo later endorsed the Democratic nominee, then-Las Vegas mayor Jan Laverty Jones, who would eventually lose to Guinn. Russo was planning to run again for Nevada governor in 2002 as either an independent or Libertarian, but was sidelined by cancer.

In January 2004, Russo declared his candidacy for the President of the United States initially as an independent, but then as a Libertarian.  At the Libertarian National Convention in May 2004, Russo received 258 votes to Michael Badnarik's 256 votes and Gary Nolan's 246 votes, short of the majority required to receive the presidential nomination.  Russo would eventually lose the nomination on the convention's third and final ballot to Badnarik by a vote of 423–344.

Death
On August 24, 2007, Russo died at the age of 64 of cancer at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.

Filmography
He was a producer in all films unless otherwise noted.

Film

As director

As an actor

Music department

Television

References

External links
 America: Freedom to Fascism, Russo's last film

 Virtual Memorial

American entertainment industry businesspeople
American documentary filmmakers
Film producers from New York (state)
Filmmakers from Brooklyn
20th-century American Jews
People from the Las Vegas Valley
American people of Italian descent
1943 births
2007 deaths
Nevada Libertarians
Nevada Republicans
Activists from New York (state)
Deaths from cancer in California
21st-century American Jews

Aaron Russo


17 o diecisiete puede referirse a:

El número natural diecisiete.
El año 17 d. C.
El año 17 a. C.
 17, telenovela juvenil chilena.
 Diecisiete, película española de 2019.
 17 (2007), álbum de Motel.
 17 (2017), álbum de XXXTentacion.

17 (desambiguación)


This is a list of television stations in the country of Spain.

Free-access television

Nationwide stations

Autonomous communities-wide stations

Andalusia

Aragon

Asturias

Balearic Islands

Basque Country

Canary Islands

Cantabria

Castile and León

Castilla–La Mancha

Catalonia

Ceuta

Community of Madrid

Extremadura

Galicia

La Rioja

Melilla

Navarre

Region of Murcia

Valencian Community

Insular stations
The insular stations are TV channels that are island-wide, which means they are visible in a specific island. These stations are exclusive to the Canary and Balearic Islands. This is a list of them (* means they haven't started their transmissions yet):

Local stations
These TV stations are called local stations. They can only be seen in certain municipalities or comarcas, and their power is devolved to the autonomous communities. This is a list of them (* means they haven't started their transmissions yet):

Andalusia

Province of Almería

Province of Cádiz

Province of Córdoba

Province of Granada

Province of Huelva

Province of Jaén

Province of Málaga

Province of Seville

Aragon

Province of Huesca

Province of Teruel

Province of Zaragoza

Asturias

Balearic Islands

Basque Country

Province of Álava

Province of Biscay

Province of Guipuzcoa

Canary Islands

Province of Las Palmas

Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife

Cantabria

Castile and León

Province of Ávila

Province of Burgos

Province of León

Province of Palencia

Province of Salamanca

Province of Segovia

Province of Soria

Province of Valladolid

Province of Zamora

Castilla–La Mancha

Province of Albacete

Province of Ciudad Real

Province of Cuenca

Province of Guadalajara

Province of Toledo

Catalonia

Province of Barcelona

Province of Girona

Province of Lleida

Province of Tarragona

Ceuta

Community of Madrid

Extremadura

Province of Badajoz

Province of Cáceres

Galicia

Province of A Coruña

Province of Lugo

Province of Ourense

Province of Pontevedra

La Rioja

Melilla

Navarre

Region of Murcia

Valencian Community

Province of Alicante

Province of Castellón

Province of Valencia

References

Spain
Television stations in Spain

List of television stations in Spain


La General Ediciones fue una editorial de historietas española, fundada en Valencia en 1988 por Manel Gimeno y Juan Puchades, quienes ya tenían un estudio de diseño e ilustración con el mismo nombre. Editó fundamentalmente álbumes.

Trayectoria editorial
Su primera colección fue Moriarty, compuesta por seis números.

Bajo la dirección de Juan Puchades, en 1990 lanzó dos colecciones nuevas (Papel Mojado, de temática erótica, y Las Antípodas, más libre), además de la publicación mixta de crítica e historietas "El Maquinista". Ésta fue a la postre la publicación de la editorial que mayor éxito tuvo.

Álbumes de historietas

Referencias

Bibliografía

Editoriales de historieta de España

La General Ediciones


This is a complete  list of works by H. P. Lovecraft. Dates for the fiction, collaborations and juvenilia are in the format: composition date / first publication date, taken from An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia by S. T. Joshi and D. E. Schultz, Hippocampus Press, New York, 2001. For other sections, dates are the time of composition, not publication. Many of these works can be found on Wikisource.

Fiction
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
!Sl. No.
! Title
! Date written
! Date published
! Form
|-
|1
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|2
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|3
| "Dagon"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|4
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|5
| "Polaris"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|6
| "Beyond the Wall of Sleep"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|7
| "Memory"
|
|
|  Flash fiction
|-
|8
|  "Old Bugs"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|9
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|10
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|11
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|12
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|13
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|14
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|15
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|16
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|17
|  "Celephaïs"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|18
|  "From Beyond"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|19
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|20
|  "Nyarlathotep"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|21
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|22
|  "Facts Concerning the Late Arthur Jermyn and His Family"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|23
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|24
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|25
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|26
|  "Ex Oblivione"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|27
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|28
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|29
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|30
|  "Sweet Ermengarde"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|31
|  "Hypnos"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|32
|  "What the Moon Brings"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|33
|  "Azathoth"
|
|
|  Novel fragment
|-
|34
|  "Herbert West–Reanimator"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|35
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|36
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|37
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|38
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|39
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|40
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|41
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|42
|  "He"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|43
|  "In the Vault"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|44
|  "Cool Air"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|45
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|46
|  "Pickman's Model"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|47
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|48
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|49
|
|
|
|  Novella
|-
|50
|
|
|
|  Novel
|-
|51
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|52
|
|
|
|  Short story fragment
|-
|53
|
|
|
|  Letter excerpt
|-
|54
|  "History of the Necronomicon"
|
|
|  Brief pseudo-history
|-
|55
|
|
|
|  Novella
|-
|56
|  "Ibid"
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|57
|
|
|
|  Novella
|-
|58
|  At the Mountains of Madness
|
|
|  Novella
|-
|59
|  The Shadow over Innsmouth
|
|
|  Novella
|-
|60
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|61
|
|
|
|  Short story
|-
|62
|
|
|
|  Short story fragment
|-
|63
|
|
|
|  Letter excerpt
|-
|64
|
|
|
|  Novella
|-
|65
|
|
|
|  Short story
|}

Collaborations, revisions, and ghost writing

Works by August Derleth related to H. P. Lovecraft's works and notes

While put forward as posthumous collaborations while Derleth was alive, the status of these works as collaborations with Lovecraft  was swiftly disputed after his death. Subsequent critics consider them part of the Cthulhu Mythos, but often split this into the original "Lovecraft Mythos" and the later and lesser "Derleth Mythos".

Unknown authorship
 "The Inevitable Conflict". This was published in Amazing Stories (December 1930 and January 1931) under the name Paul  H. Lovering. A variety of evidence, including statistical analysis of the writing structure, has been put forward to suggest that Lovecraft was not the author.

Juvenilia

Poetry

Lovecraft's complete poetry is collected in S.T. Joshi (ed), The Ancient Track: Complete Poetical Works of H. P. Lovecraft (NY: Hippocampus Press, 2013. (An earlier, less complete version was published by Night Shade Books in 2001).
 The Solace of Georgian Poetry [xx]
 (Wet) Dream Song [xx]
 To the Recipient of This Volume [xx]
 Dirge of the Doomed [xx]
 To a Cat [xx]
 The Poem of Ulysses, or The Odyssey [November 8, 1897]
 Ovid's Metamorphoses [1898–1902]
 H. Lovecraft's Attempted Journey betwixt Providence & Fall River on the N.Y.N.H. & H.R.R. [1901]
 Poemata Minora, Volume II [1902]
 Ode to Selene or Diana
 To the Old Pagan Religion
 On the Ruin of Rome
 To Pan
 On the Vanity of Human Ambition
 C.S.A. 1861–1865: To the Starry Cross of the SOUTH [1902]
 De Triumpho Naturae [July 1905]
 The Members of the Men's Club of the First Universalist Church of Providence, R.I., to Its President, About to Leave for Florida on Account of His Health [c. 1908–12]
 To His Mother on Thanksgiving [November 30, 1911]
 To Mr. Terhune, on His Historical Fiction [c. 1911–13]
 Providence in 2000 A.D. [March 4, 1912]
 New-England Fallen [April 1912]
 On the Creation of Niggers [1912]
 Fragment on Whitman [c. 1912]
 On Robert Browning [c. 1912]
 On a New-England Village Seen by Moonlight [September 7, 1913]
 Quinsnicket Park [1913]
 To Mr. Munroe, on His Instructive and Entertaining Account of Switzerland [January 1, 1914]
 Ad Criticos [January–May? 1914]
 Frusta Praemunitus [June? 1914]
 De Scriptore Mulieroso [June? 1914]
 To General Villa [Summer 1914]
 On a Modern Lothario [July–August 1914]
 The End of the Jackson War [October 1914]
 To the Members of the Pin-Feathers on the Merits of Their Organisation, and of Their New Publication, The Pinfeather [November 1914]
 To the Rev. James Pyke [November 1914]
 To an Accomplished Young Gentlewoman on Her Birthday, Decr. 2, 1914 [December 2? 1914]
 Regner Lodbrog's Epicedium [c. December 1914]
 The Power of Wine: A Satire [c. December 8, 1914]
 The Teuton's Battle-Song [c. December 17, 1914]
 New England [December 18, 1914]
 Gryphus in Asinum Mutatus [1914?]
 To the Members of the United Amateur Press Association from the Providence Amateur Press Club [c. January 1, 1915]
 March [March 1915]
 1914 [March 1915]
 The Simple Speller's Tale [April 1915]
 On Slang [April 1915]
 An Elegy on Franklin Chase Clark, M.D. [April 29, 1915]
 The Bay-Stater's Policy [June 1915]
 The Crime of Crimes [July 1915]
 Ye Ballade of Patrick von Flynn [c. August 23, 1915]
 The Issacsonio-Mortoniad [c. September 14, 1915]
 On Receiving a Picture of Swans [c. September 14, 1915]
 Unda; or, The Bride of the Sea [c. September 30, 1915]
 On "Unda; or, The Bride of the Sea" [c. September 30, 1915]
 To Charlie of the Comics [c. September 30, 1915]
 Gems from in a Minor Key [October 1915]
 The State of Poetry [October 1915]
 The Magazine Poet [October 1915]
 A Mississippi Autumn [December 1915]
 On the Cowboys of the West [December 1915]
 To Samuel Loveman, Esquire, on His Poetry and Drama, Written in the Elizabethan Style [December 1915]
 An American to Mother England [January 1916]
 The Bookstall [January 1916]
 A Rural Summer Eve [January 1916]
 To the Late John H. Fowler, Esq. [March 1916]
 R. Kleiner, Laureatus, in Heliconem [April 1916]
 Temperance Song [Spring 1916]
 Lines on Gen. Robert Edward Lee [c. May 18, 1916]
 Content [June 1916]
 My Lost Love [c. June 10, 1916]
 The Beauties of Peace [June 27, 1916]
 The Smile [July 1916]
 Epitaph on ye Letterr Rrr........ [August 29, 1916]
 The Dead Bookworm [c. August 29, 1916]
 On Phillips Gamwell [September 1, 1916]
 Inspiration [October 1916]
 Respite [October 1916]
 The Rose of England [October 1916]
 The Unknown [October 1916]
 Ad Balneum [c. October 1916]
 On Kelso the Poet [October? 1916]
 Providence Amateur Press Club (Deceased) to the Athenaeum Club of Journalism [November 24, 1916]
 Brotherhood [December 1916]
 Brumalia [December 1916]
 The Poe-et's Nightmare [1916]
 Futurist Art [January 1917]
 On Receiving a Picture of the Marshes of Ipswich [January 1917]
 The Rutted Road [January 1917]
 An Elegy on Phillips Gamwell, Esq. [January 5, 1917]
 Lines on Graduation from the R.I. Hospital's School of Nurses [c. January 13, 1917]
 Fact and Fancy [February 1917]
 The Nymph's Reply to the Modern Business Man [February 1917]
 Pacifist War Song—1917 [March 1917]
 Percival Lowell [March 1917]
 To Mr. Lockhart, on His Poetry [March 1917]
 Britannia Victura [April 1917]
 Spring [April 1917]
 A Garden [April 1917]
 Sonnet on Myself [April 1917]
 April [April 24, 1917]
 Iterum Conjunctae [May 1917]
 The Peace Advocate [May 1917]
 To Greece, 1917 [May? 1917]
 On Receiving a Picture of ye Towne of Templeton, in the Colonie of Massachusetts-Bay, with Mount Monadnock, in New-Hampshire, Shown in the Distance [June 1917]
 The Poet of Passion [June 1917]
 Earth and Sky [July 1917]
 Ode for July Fourth, 1917 [July 1917]
 On the Death of a Rhyming Critic [July 1917]
 Prologue to "Fragments from an Hour of Inspiration" by Jonathan E. Hoag [July 1917]
 To M.W.M. [July 1917]
 To the Incomparable Clorinda [July 1917]
 To Saccharissa, Fairest of Her Sex [July 1917]
 To Rhodoclia—Peerless among Maidens [July 1917]
 To Belinda, Favourite of the Graces [July 1917]
 To Heliodora—Sister of Cytheraea [July 1917]
 To Mistress Sophia Simple, Queen of the Cinema [August 1917]
 An American to the British Flag [November 1917]
 Autumn [November 1917]
 Nemesis [November 1, 1917]
 Astrophobos [c. November 25, 1917]
 Lines on the 25th. Anniversary of the Providence Evening News, 1892–1917 [December 1917]
 Sunset [December 1917]
 Old Christmas [late 1917]
 To the Arcadian [late 1917]
 To the Nurses of the Red Cross [1917]
 The Introduction [1917?]
 A Summer Sunset and Evening [1917?]
 A Winter Wish [January 2, 1918]
 Laeta; a Lament [February 1918]
 To Jonathan E. Hoag, Esq. [February 1918]
 The Volunteer [February 1918]
 Ad Britannos—1918 [April 1918]
 Ver Rusticum [April 1, 1918]
 To Mr. Kleiner, on Receiving from Him the Poetical Works of Addison, Gay, and Somerville [April 10, 1918]
 A Pastoral Tragedy of Appleton, Wisconsin [c. May 27, 1918]
 On a Battlefield in Picardy [May 30, 1918]
 Psychopompos: A Tale in Rhyme [late 1917-summer 1918]
 A June Afternoon [June 1918]
 The Spirit of Summer [June 27, 1918]
 Grace [July 1918]
 The Link [July 1918]
 To Alan Seeger [July 1918]
 August [August 1918]
 Damon and Delia, a Pastoral [August 1918]
 Phaeton [August 1918]
 To Arthur Goodenough, Esq. [August 20, 1918]
 Hellas [September 1918]
 To Delia, Avoiding Damon [September 1918]
 Alfredo; a Tragedy [September 14, 1918]
 The Eidolon [October 1918]
 Monos: An Ode [October 1918]
 Germania—1918 [November 1918]
 To Col. Linkaby Didd [November 1, 1918]
 Ambition [December 1918]
 A Cycle of Verse [November–December 1918]
 Oceanus
 Clouds
 Mother Earth
 To the Eighth of November [December 13, 1918]
 To the A.H.S.P.C., on Receipt of the Christmas Pippin [December? 1918]
 The Conscript [1918?]
 Greetings [January 1919]
 To Arthur Goodenough, Esq.[xx]
 To W. Paul Cook, Esq.[xx]
 To E. Sherman Cole[xx]
 To the Silver Clarion[xx]
 Theodore Roosevelt [January 1919]
 To Maj.-Gen. Omar Bundy, U.S.A. [January 1919]
 To Jonathan Hoag, Esq. [February 1919]
 Despair [c. February 19, 1919]
 In Memoriam: J.E.T.D. [March 1919]
 Revelation [March 1919]
 April Dawn [April 10, 1919]
 Amissa Minerva [May 1919]
 Damon: A Monody [May 1919]
 Hylas and Myrrha: A Tale [May 1919]
 North and South Britons [May 1919]
 To the A.H.S.P.C., on Receipt of the May Pippin [May? 1919]
 Helene Hoffman Cole: 1893–1919 [June 1919]
 John Oldham: A Defence [June 1919]
 On Prohibition [June 30, 1919]
 Myrrha and Strephon [July 1919]
 The House [c. July 16, 1919]
 Monody on the Late King Alcohol [August 1919]
 The Pensive Swain [October 1919]
 The City [October 1919]
 Oct 17, 1919 [October 1919]
 On Collaboration [October 20, 1919]
 To Edward John Moreton Drax Plunkett, Eighteenth Baron Dunsany [November 1919]
 Wisdom [November 1919]
 Birthday Lines to Margfred Galbraham [November 1919]
 The Nightmare Lake [December 1919]
 Bells [December 11, 1919]
 January [January 1920]
 To Phillis [January 1920]
 Tryout's Lament for the Vanished Spider [January 1920]
 Ad Scribam [February 1920]
 On Reading Lord Dunsany's Book of Wonder [March 1920]
 To a Dreamer [April 25, 1920]
 Cindy: Scrub Lady in a State Street Skyscraper [June 1920]
 The Poet's Rash Excuse [July 1920]
 With a Copy of Wilde's Fairy Tales [July 1920]
 Ex-Poet's Reply [July? 1920]
 To Two Epgephi [July? 1920]
 On Religion [August 1920]
 The Voice [August 1920]
 On a Grecian Colonnade in a Park [August 20, 1920]
 The Dream [September 1920]
 October 1 [October 1920]
 To S.S.L.—Oct 17, 1920 [October 1920]
 Christmas [November 1920]
 To Alfred Galpin, Esq. [November? 1920]
 Theobaldian Aestivation [November 11, 1920]
 S.S.L.: Christmas 1920 [December? 1920]
 On Receiving a Portraiture of Mrs. Berkeley, ye Poetess [December 25, 1920]
 The Prophecy of Capys Secundus [January 11, 1921]
 To a Youth [February 1921]
 To Mr. Hoag [February 1921]
 The Pathetick History of Sir Wilful Wildrake [Spring? 1921]
 On the Return of Maurice Winter Moe, Esq., to the Pedagogical Profession [June 1921]
 Medusa: A Portrait [November 29, 1921]
 To Mr. Galpin [December 1921]
 Sir Thomas Tryout [December 1921]
 On a Poet's Ninety-first Birthday [February 10, 1922]
 Simplicity: A Poem [c. May 18, 1922]
 To Saml: Loveman, Gent. [Summer? 1922]
 Plaster-All [August? 1922]
 To Zara [August 31, 1922]
 To Damon [November? 1922]
 Waste Paper [late 1922? early 1923?]
 To Rheinhart Kleiner, Esq. [January 1923]
 Chloris and Damon [January 1923]
 To Mr. Hoag [February? 1923]
 To Endymion [April? 1923]
 The Feast [May 1923]
 On Marblehead [July 10, 1923]
 To Mr. Baldwin, on Receiving a Picture of Him in a Rural Bower [September 29, 1923]
 Lines for Poets' Night at the Scribblers' Club [October? 1923]
 On a Scene in Rural Rhode Island [November 8, 1923]
 Damon and Lycë [December 13, 1923]
 To Mr. Hoag [c. February 3, 1924]
 On the Pyramids [c. February 1924]
 Stanzas on Samarkand I-III [February–March 1924]
 Providence [September 26, 1924]
 On The Thing in the Woods by Harper Williams [c. November 29, 1924]
 Solstice [December 25, 1924]
 To Saml Loveman, Esq. [c. January 14, 1925]
 To George Kirk, Esq. [January 18, 1925]
 My Favourite Character [January 31, 1925]
 On the Double-R Coffee House [February 1, 1925]
 To Mr. Hoag [c. February 10, 1925]
 The Cats [February 15, 1925]
 On Rheinhart Kleiner Being Hit by an Automobile [c. February 16, 1925]
 To Xanthippe, on Her Birthday—March 16, 1925 [March 1925]
 Primavera [April 1925]
 To Frank Belknap Long on His Birthday [April? 1925]
 A Year Off [July 24, 1925]
 To an Infant [August 26, 1925]
 On a Politician [c. October 24–27, 1925]
 On a Room for Rent [c. October 24–27, 1925]
 October 2 [October 30, 1925]
 To George Willard Kirk, Gent., of Chelsea-Village, in New-York, upon His Birthday, Novr. 25, 1925 [November 24, 1925]
 On Old Grimes by Albert Gorton Greene [December 1925]
 Festival [December 1925]
 To Jonathan Hoag [February 10, 1926]
 Hallowe'en in a Suburb [March 1926]
 In Memoriam: Oscar Incoul Verelst of Manhattan: 1920–1926 [c. June 28, 1926]
 The Return [December 1926]
 Εις Σφιγγην [December 1926]
 Hedone [January 3, 1927]
 To Miss Beryl Hoyt [February 1927]
 To Jonathan E. Hoag, Esq. [February? 1927]
 On J.F. Roy Erford [June 18, 1927]
 On Ambrose Bierce [c. June 1927]
 On Cheating the Post Office [c. August 14, 1927]
 On Newport, Rhode Island [September 17, 1927]
 The Absent Leader [October 12, 1927]
 Ave atque Vale [October 18, 1927]
 To a Sophisticated Young Gentleman [December 15, 1928]
 The Wood [January 1929]
 An Epistle to the Rt. Honble Maurce Winter Moe, Esq. [July 1929]
 Stanzas on Samarkand IV [November 8, 1929]
 Lines upon the Magnates of the Pulp [November 1929]
 The Outpost [November 26, 1929]
 The Ancient Track [November 26, 1929]
 The Messenger [November 30, 1929]
 The East India Brick Row [December 12, 1929]
 The Fungi From Yuggoth [December 27, 1929 – 4 January 30]
 I. The Book
 II. Pursuit
 III. The Key
 IV. Recognition
 V. Homecoming
 VI. The Lamp
 VII. Zaman's Hill
 VIII. The Port
 IX. The Courtyard
 X. The Pigeon-Flyers
 XI. The Well
 XII. The Howler
 XIII. Hesperia
 XIV. Star-Winds
 XV. Antarktos
 XVI. The Window
 XVII. A Memory
 XVIII. The Gardens of Yin
 XIX. The Bells
 XX. Night-Gaunts
 XXI. Nyarlathotep
 XXII. Azathoth
 XXIII. Mirage
 XXIV. The Canal
 XXV. St. Toad's
 XXVI. The Familiars
 XXVII. The Elder Pharos
 XXVIII. Expectancy
 XXIX. Nostalgia
 XXX. Background
 XXXI. The Dweller
 XXXII. Alienation
 XXXIII. Harbour Whistles
 XXXIV. Recapture [November 1929]
 XXXV. Evening Star
 XXXVI. Continuity
 Veteropinguis Redivivus [Summer 1930?]
 To a Young Poet in Dunedin [c. May 29, 1931]
 FUNGI from YUGGOTH, 6.Nyarlathotep and 7. Azathoth. Verses printed in Jan. 1931 WEIRD TALES.
 On an Unspoil'd Rural Prospect [August 30, 1931]
 Bouts Rimés [May 23, 1934]
 Beyond Zimbabwe
 The White Elephant
 Anthem of the Kappa Alpha Tau [c. August 7, 1934]
 Edith Miniter [September 10, 1934]
 Little Sam Perkins [c. September 17, 1934]
 Metrical Example [February 27, 1935]
 Dead Passion's Flame [Summer 1935]
 Arcadia [Summer 1935]
 Lullaby for the Dionne Quintuplets [Summer 1935]
 The Odes of Horace: Book III, IX [January 22, 1936]
 In a Sequester'd Providence Churchyard Where Once Poe Walk'd [August 8, 1936]
 To Mr. Finlay, upon His Drawing for Mr. Bloch's Tale, "The Faceless God" [c. November 30, 1936]
 To Clark Ashton Smith, Esq., upon His Phantastick Tales, Verses, Pictures, and Sculptures [c. December 11, 1936]
 The Decline and Fall of a Man of the World [n.d.]
 Epigrams [n.d.]
 Gaudeamus [n.d.]
 The Greatest Law [n.d.]
 Life's Mystery [n.d.]
 On Mr. L. Phillips Howard's Profound Poem Entitled "Life's Mystery" [n.d.]
 Nathicana [n.d.]
 On an Accomplished Young Linguist [n.d.]
 "The Poetical Punch" Pushed from His Pedestal [n.d.]
 The Road to Ruin [n.d.]
 Saturnalia [n.d.]
 Sonnet Study [n.d.]
 Sors Poetae [n.d.]
 To Samuel Loveman, Esq. [n.d.]
 To "The Scribblers" [n.d.]
 Verses Designed to Be Sent by a Friend of the Author to His Brother-in-Law on New Year's Day [n.d.]
 Christmas Greetings [n.d.]
 To Eugene B. Kuntz, et al.
 To Laurie A. Sawyer
 To Sonia H. Greene
 To Rheinhart Kleiner
 To Felis
 To Annie E.P. Gamwell
 To Felis

Lovecraft's Revisions of Poetry
 A Prayer for Universal Peace, by Robert L. Selle, D.D.
 On the Duke of Leeds, by Unknown
 Mors Omnibus Communis, by Sonia H. Greene
 Alone, by Jonathan E. Hoag
 Unity, by Unknown
 The Dweller, by William Lumley
 Dreams of Yith, by Duane W. Rimel
 On John Donne, by Lee McBride White
 The Wanderer's Return, by Wilson Shepherd

Philosophical works

Scientific works

 The Art of Fusion, Melting Pudling & Casting (1899)
 Chemistry, 4 volumes (1899)
 A Good Anaesthetic (1899)
 The Railroad Review (1901)
 The Moon (1903)
 The Scientific Gazette (1903–04)
 Astronomy/The Monthly Almanack (1903–04)
 The Rhode Island Journal of Astronomy (1903–07)
 Annals of the Providence Observatory (1904)
 Providence Observatory Forecast (1904)
 The Science Library, 3 volumes (1904)
 Astronomy articles for The Pawtuxet Valley Gleaner (1906)
 Astronomy articles for The Providence Tribune (1906–08)
 Third Annual Report of the Providence Meteorological Station (1906)
 Celestial Objects for All (1907)
 Astronomical Notebook (1909–15)
 Astronomy articles for The Providence Evening News (1914–18)
 "Bickerstaffe" articles from The Providence Evening News (1914)
 "Science versus Charlatanry" (September 9, 1914)
 "The Falsity of Astrology" (October 10, 1914)
 "Astrology and the Future" (October 13, 1914)
 "Delavan's Comet and Astrology" (October 26, 1914)
 "The Fall of Astrology" (December 17, 1914)
 Astronomy articles for The Asheville Gazette-News (1915)
 Editor's Note to MacManus' "The Irish and the Fairies" (1916)
 The Truth about Mars (1917)

Miscellaneous writings

Reprintings and collections
The following are modern reprintings and collections of Lovecraft's work. This list includes only editions by select publishers; therefore, this list is not exhaustive:
 From Arkham House
 with corrected texts by S. T. Joshi:
 At the Mountains of Madness and Other Novels (7th corrected printing), S. T. Joshi (ed.), 1985.  ()
 Dagon and Other Macabre Tales, S. T. Joshi (ed.), 1987. ()
 The Dunwich Horror and Others (9th corrected printing), S. T. Joshi (ed.), 1984. ()
 The Horror in the Museum and Other Revisions, S.T. Joshi (ed.), 1989. ()
 Miscellaneous Writings ()
 From Arktos
 The Conservative: The Complete Issues 1915–1923 ()
 From Ballantine/Del Rey:
 The Tomb and Other Tales ()
 Tales of the Cthulhu Mythos ()
 The Doom That Came to Sarnath and Other Stories ()
 The Lurking Fear and Other Stories ()
 The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath ()
 The Case of Charles Dexter Ward ()
 At the Mountains of Madness and Other Tales of Terror ()
 The Best of H. P. Lovecraft: Bloodcurdling Tales of Horror and the Macabre ()
 The Transition of H. P. Lovecraft: The Road to Madness ()
 The Dream Cycle of H. P. Lovecraft: Dreams of Terror and Death ()
 Waking Up Screaming: Haunting Tales of Terror ()
 Pickman's Model By H.P. Lovecraft First Published in "Weird Tales" in 1927
 From Barnes & Noble:
 H.P. Lovecraft: The Complete Fiction (Barnes & Noble Leatherbound Classics Series) ()
 From Classic CD Books:
 Early Horror Works ()
 More Early Horror Works ()
 From Donald M. Grant, publisher, Inc.:
 To Quebec and the Stars
 From Ecco Press:
 Tales of H.P. Lovecraft (with an introduction by Joyce Carol Oates) ()
 From Gollancz:
 Necronomicon: The Best Weird Tales of H.P. Lovecraft: Commemorative Edition (edited with an afterword by Stephen Jones)  Cased; 978-0-575081-574 Export trade paperback.
 From HarperCollins:
 Omnibus 1: At the Mountains of Madness ()
 Omnibus 2: Dagon and other Macabre Tales ()
 Omnibus 3: The Haunter of the Dark ()
 From Hippocampus Press:
 The Shadow out of Time ()
 From the Pest Zone: The New York Stories ()
 The Annotated Fungi From Yuggoth ()
 Collected Essays ()
 Volume 1. Amateur Journalism
 Volume 2. Literary Criticism
 Volume 3. Science
 Volume 4. Travel
 Volume 5: Philosophy; Autobiography and Miscellany (December 2006)
 CD-ROM (2007)
 The Annotated Supernatural Horror in Literature ()
 H. P. Lovecraft: Letters to Alfred Galpin ()
 H. P. Lovecraft: Letters To Rheinhart Kleiner ()
 H. P. Lovecraft: Letters to Robert Bloch and Others ()
 H. P. Lovecraft: Letters to Elizabeth Toldridge & Anne Tillery Renshaw ()
 H. P. Lovecraft: Letters To James F. Morton ()
 H. P. Lovecraft: Letters to J. Vernon Shea and Others ()
 H. P. Lovecraft: Letters to Duane W. Rimel and Others ()
 Essential Solitude: The Letters of H. P. Lovecraft and August Derleth: 1926–1931 ()
 The Ancient Track: The Complete Poetical Works of H. P. Lovecraft (). This 2013 revised edition supersedes the 2001 edition from Night Shade Books, with around twelve additional poems or fragments included.
 From The Library of America
 H. P. Lovecraft: Tales (Peter Straub, editor) ()
 From Morrow:
 Great Ghost Stories (1998) (Compiled by Peter Glassman, Illustrated by Barry Moser)
 From Night Shade Books:
 The Ancient Track: The Complete Poetical Works of H. P. Lovecraft ()
 Mysteries of Time and Spirit: The Letters of H. P. Lovecraft and Donald Wandrei ()
 Lovecraft Letters Volume 2: Letters from New York ()
 From Ohio University Press:
 H. P. Lovecraft: Lord of a Visible World An Autobiography in Letters edited by S.T. Joshi and David E. Schultz ()
 From Penguin Classics:
 The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories ()
 The Thing on the Doorstep and Other Weird Stories ()
 The Dreams in the Witch House and Other Weird Stories ()
 From Sporting Gentlemen:
 Against Religion ()
 From The Palingenesis Project:
 Supernatural Horror in Literature ()
 From Arcane Wisdom:
 The Crawling Chaos and Others: The Annotated Revisions and Collaborations of H.P. Lovecraft, Volume 1 ()
 Medusa's Coil and Others: The Annotated Revisions and Collaborations of H.P. Lovecraft, Volume 2 ()
 Interactive for iPad, The Call of Cthulhu

General and cited sources

Citations

External links

Lovecraft, H. P.
Bibliographies of American writers
Horror fiction bibliographies

H. P. Lovecraft bibliography


Ptah, Antik Mısır'da evreni ve diğer her şeyi yarattığına inanılan tanrıdır. El sanatçılarının -özellikle heykelcilerin- koruyucusu sayılırdı. Yunanların demircileri ve zanaatçileri koruyan ateş tanrısı Hefaistos'la özdeşleştirilmiştir. Ptah, en başlarda Mısır'ın başkenti olan Memphis'in yerel tanrısıyken, şehrin öneminin artmasıyla kültü tüm Mısır'a yayılmıştır. İnsanlarla Tanrılar arasında aracı olduğuna inanılan Apis'in kutsal ahırı, Ptah'ın tapınağıdır. Eşi Sekhmet ve oğlu Nefertium ile Memphis üçlüsünü oluştururlar. Elleri dışında tüm bedeni sıkıca sarılmış, elinde bir asa taşıyan, kafası kazınmış bir insan olarak tasvir edilir. Mısır'ın en büyük tanrısı olarak bilinir.

Mısır tanrıları
Yaratıcı tanrılar
Sanat tanrıları
Demircilik tanrıları

Ptah


The Popular Resistance Committees (PRC; , Lijān al-Muqāwama al-Shaʿbiyya) is a coalition of a number of armed Palestinian groups opposed to what they regard as the conciliatory approach of the Palestinian Authority and Fatah towards Israel. The PRC is especially active in the Gaza Strip, through its military wing, the Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades. The PRC has planned and executed a number of varied operations, but specializes in planting roadside bombs and vehicle explosive charges - directed against military and civilian convoys.

Formed in late 2000 by former Fatah and Tanzim member Jamal Abu Samhadana, the PRC is composed primarily of ex-Fatah fighters and Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades members and is alleged by Israel to be inspired and financed by Hezbollah. The present leader of PRC is Ayman al-Shashniya.

The PRC is believed to be the third strongest faction active in the Gaza Strip, after Hamas and Islamic Jihad, and has been designated a terrorist organization by Israel and the United States.

History
The PRC was formed in late 2000 by former Fatah and Tanzim member Jamal Abu Samhadana, and is composed primarily of ex-Fatah fighters and al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades members.

On 15 October 2003, explosives destroyed a US diplomatic convoy at Beit Hanoun, killing three security guards and severely wounding a diplomat. The PRC initially claimed responsibility for the attack, but later denied carrying out the attack, saying it was against Palestinian interests. The US demanded that the Palestinian National Authority find those responsible and bring them to justice. Palestinian officials said that because of lack of progress in the attack investigation, the US halted financial support for the PA and placed unofficial sanctions on its accounts. After heavy US pressure, the Palestinian Authority arrested several PRC members, accusing them of being responsible. The PRC confirmed the men were PRC members. The PA tried the four "suspects" in a Palestinian military court, but intelligence agencies dismissed the tribunal as a "mock trial" and said while the suspects were PRC activists, they were not those responsible for the attack. The men were released in March 2004.

The Jenin Martyr's Brigade was formed in March 2003 as a part of the PRC. Besides other activities, the JMB claimed responsibility for the March 2003 bombing of an Israeli bus in Haifa. The bus was blown to pieces when a suicide bomber, seated in the rear of the vehicle, detonated 10-15 kilograms of shrapnel-laced explosives that were attached to his body. 16 people died in the blast, and another 30-40 were injured. On 17 July 2004, the group kidnapped Palestinian Civil Police Forces Chief Ghazi al-Jabali at gunpoint in an ambush of his convoy which wounded two bodyguards. Al-Jabali was only released after Palestinian President Yasser Arafat agreed to PRC demands that he be fired.

The PRC are also involved in Rafah's smuggling tunnels which have been used to smuggle weapons, explosives, fugitives and civilian supplies etc.

The PRC claimed responsibility for the assassination of Moussa Arafat on 7 September 2005.

On 8 June 2006, PRC leader Jamal Abu Samhadana was killed by IDF forces, along with at least three other PRC members. As the man considered responsible for a number of attacks, including the bombing of a children's school bus near Kfar Darom in November 2000 and for the 2003 infiltration into an IDF outpost in Rafah that left several soldiers dead, he was considered one of the most wanted Palestinians on the IDF's hit-list.

On Sunday, 25 June 2006, the PRC, together with Hamas and Jaish al-Islam ("the Army of Islam"), launched a major attack via a tunnel near the Kerem Shalom outpost. Eight Palestinian fighters used a nearly one kilometre tunnel that they had dug over the past several months to cross under the border between Gaza and Israel. The surprise attack ended with two Israeli soldiers dead and four wounded and the capture of Corporal Gilad Shalit. Two of the Palestinian attackers were killed while the other six made it back to the Gaza Strip with Shalit. Shalit was released five years later in a prisoner exchange.

The same day of the tunnel attack, Eliyahu Asheri, an 18-year-old Israeli student, went missing near the West Bank. The PRC shortly claimed responsibility for kidnapping and murdering him. Spokesman for the group, Abu Abir, also announced that the PRC had formed special units in the West Bank whose sole purpose is to kidnap soldiers and settlers, in accordance with the continued Operation "Cavaliers' Wrath."

On 8 August 2007, the PRC announced that it would form a political party to run in future Palestinian elections.  It vowed, however, to keep its armed wing intact. In February 2008 then PRC leader 'Amir Qarmoot Abu As-Sa'id was killed in an Israeli airstrike.

On 18 August 2011, Israel accused the PRC of committing the 2011 southern Israel attacks in which 8 Israelis were killed in firing and suicide bombing on two buses and a car near the Israeli-Egyptian border north to Eilat. On the evening of the same day, the Israeli Air Force, working with Shin Bet, bombed the homes of PRC members in Rafah. Among the dead, as identified by the group, were their commander, Kamal al-Nairab and Immad Hammad, chief of its military wing Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades, and at least two more top members of the group and another member. The PRC responded to the raids in saying that it vows "double" revenge for the attack.

On 9 March 2012, an Israeli airstrike in Gaza killed PRC secretary-general Zuhir al-Qaisi (Zuhair al-Qaissi) as well as Mahmoud Hanani.

In July 2013, Hamas cracked down on PRC activities in Gaza, arresting a number of PRC members.

In October 2023, during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, Israel claimed to have killed the head of PRC's armed wing, Rafat Abu Hilal, in an airstrike in Rafah.

Activities
The PRC have been involved in a number of bombing attacks on both military and civilian targets in the Gaza Strip, including:

 The 20 November 2000 bombing of a bus full of children as it passed near Kfar Darom, killing two
 The 8 October 2000 shooting attack on a bus carrying airport workers near the Rafah terminal, wounding 8 civilians, and a similar attack on a car on the road from Kerem Shalom to the Rafah terminal, killing the woman driver
 The 28 April 2001 mortar attacks on the Netzer Hazani agricultural Israeli settlement in the Gaza Strip (wounding five, one seriously), and similar attacks on Kfar Darom on 29 April and on Atzmona on 7 May of the same year.
 The February 14, 2002 killing of three Israeli soldiers using large explosive charges designed for tanks, and similar killings of three more soldiers on March 14 and one more on September 5 of that same year.
 The May 2, 2004 killing of the unarmed and pregnant Tali Hatuel, and her four daughters aged 2 to 11, on Kissufim road. The PRC and Islamic Jihad jointly claimed responsibility, also claiming that the attack was in retaliation for earlier Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) killings of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi.
 The January 13, 2005 killing of six Israeli settlers at the Karni Passage near Gaza, carried out together with Hamas and the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.
 On February 4, 2008 the Israeli Air Force assassinated the PRC's top military leader, Amer Qarmut (Abu Said) in response to a joint suicide bombing by the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine in Dimona, which killed one Israeli.
 On March 6, 2008 the PRC detonated a roadside charge near the Kissufim crossing, killing an Israeli officer and wounding three others, one critically.

Hezbollah connection
According to Israel, the relation between the PRC and Hezbollah is more than coincidental. Israel alleges the organization enjoys financing and technical support from Hezbollah since its founding, and is a sort of proxy of Hezbollah's influence in the Gaza Strip.  The organization outwardly projects this relation through its mimicry of the Hezbollah flag which also bears a fist clenching a Kalashnikov rifle and  stylized writing.

However, in recent times since the start of the Syrian Civil War the group has distanced itself from Hezbollah and Iran even condemning them for their involvement in the war, the group released a video in June 2016 called "One Nation" where they showed signs labeled with various cities including Aleppo, Gaza, Jerusalem, Fallujah, and Sana covered in blood referencing confrontations involving Iranian backed militias such as the Battle of Aleppo and Battle of Fallujah (2016), while a speaker from the group discussed the group's solidarity with Sunnis affected by the conflicts in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen.

Notes

External links
 The Leading Palestinian Terrorist Organizations (August 2004) from the Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies (C.S.S)
 The Resistance Committees: Between a Movement and a Party
  Salah al-Deen Brigades Official website

Popular Resistance Committees, The
Islamist insurgent groups
Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist
Axis of Resistance

Popular Resistance Committees


Varnarþing er sú svæðislögsaga sem sækja má hinn stefnda til sakar fyrir dómstól er hefur lögsögu til að dæma málið. Það skiptir höfuðmáli í tilviki málareksturs fyrir svæðisbundnum dómstólum, svo sem héraðsdómstólum Íslands, að valið sé rétt varnarþing. Varnarþing æðri dómstiga og sérdómstóla á Íslandi ná yfir allt Ísland. Eingöngu skiptir máli hvort varnarþingið var rétt þegar málið var höfðað upphaflega.

Helsti tilgangur varnarþinga er fyrst og fremst að vernda réttindi hins stefnda með því að veita stefnanda ekki algjört forræði á því hvaða dómstóll afgreiðir málið. Helsta varnarþingið er heimilisvarnarþing en það er staðsett hvar sem einhver þeirra stefndu eiga lögheimili, hafa fasta búsetu, hafa dvalarstað, og þvíumlíkt. Svo eru ýmsar aðrar tegundir varnarþinga sem fara aðallega eftir því sem viðkomandi er sakaður um, svo sem staðsetningu hins meinta brots, og er mismunandi hvort slíkt er til hagsbóta fyrir hinn stefnda og/eða stefnanda.

Varnarþing geta skipst niður í 'dómþinghár' en það er gert þegar til staðar er héraðsdómstóll sem afgreiðir mál á tveimur eða fleiri stöðum. Á Íslandi er Héraðsdómi Suðurlands skipt í tvö svæði þar sem dómstóllinn hefur aukalega viðveru á Vestmannaeyjum er nær yfir þær eyjar, en mál annars staðar á svæðinu eru rekin á Selfossi.

Samningsheimildarreglan svokallaða gerir málsaðilum kleift að semja um varnarþing og leiðir til þess að ef stefndi mætir við þingfestingu og hreyfir ekki andmælum, þá teljist hann hafa samþykkt það. Sé varnarþingið rangt og stefndi mætir ekki eða hann andmælir, þá vísar dómstóllinn málinu frá af sjálfsdáðum.

Réttarfar
Lögfræði

Varnarþing


Avelino Riopedre Muiña (Gijón, Asturias, España, 11 de noviembre de 1971) es un exfutbolista español que jugaba de centrocampista.

Trayectoria
Comenzó a jugar en el Veriña Club de Fútbol hasta que fue fichado por el Real Sporting de Gijón. Debutó con el primer equipo en la temporada 1991-92, en la que disputó veinticinco partidos y anotó un gol. La aportación del centrocampista descendió en los años siguientes, jugando apenas unos encuentros por temporada, hasta la campaña 1995-96 en la que participó en veintinueve encuentros, mientras que en la siguiente la cifra quedó en diecinueve.

Al no acabar de encontrar su lugar en el equipo sportinguista, en la temporada 1998-99 fichó por la Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa de Segunda División B. Tras dos años, fichó por el Zamora C. F., donde militó hasta la mitad de la temporada 2001-02. El resto de esa campaña lo pasó en el Torredonjimeno C. F., club en el que jugó hasta 2006. Su último equipo fue el Martos C. D. de la categoría Regional Preferente de Andalucía, donde se retiró en 2007. Después de colgar las botas, continuó vinculado al mundo del fútbol ostentando diversos cargos dentro del organigrama del Torredonjimeno.

Selección nacional
Fue internacional con la selección española sub-21, con la que disputó las Eurocopas de 1992 y 1994.

Clubes

Referencias

Futbolistas de Gijón
Futbolistas del Real Sporting de Gijón "B"
Futbolistas del Real Sporting de Gijón en los años 1990
Futbolistas de la Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa en los años 1990
Futbolistas de la Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa en los años 2000
Futbolistas del Zamora Club de Fútbol
Futbolistas del Torredonjimeno Club de Fútbol
Futbolistas del Martos Club Deportivo
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-21 de España
Nacidos en Gijón

Avelino Riopedre


Sevgil Musayeva (en , ) est une journaliste ukrainienne de Crimée, en Ukraine, rédactrice en chef de l'Ukrayinska Pravda et initiatrice de la création du portail Web Krym_SOS.

Biographie
Née le 18 juin 1987 à Juma près de Samarcande, Sevgil est retournée avec sa famille en Crimée en 1989 lorsque les restrictions contre les Tatars de Crimée en Union soviétique ont été abandonnées. Ils s'installent à Kertch, dans l'oblast de Crimée. De 2004 à 2010, elle étudie à l'Institut de journalisme de l'Université de Kiev. Au cours de cette période, elle travaille également pour diverses agences de presse et éditeurs commerciaux tels que Ekonomichni novyny, Delo, et Vlast deneg.

De juin 2011 à août 2013, elle travaille comme correspondante pour "Forbes Ukraine" jusqu'à ce qu'il soit racheté par Serhiy Kurchenko. Elle participe au début d'Euromaïdan et crée des reportages pour le projet Hubs sur Facebook. En février 2014, elle lance le site web Hubs en tant que portail Web d'informations commerciales, dont elle devient la rédactrice en chef. Après l'annexion de la Crimée par la Russie en 2014, elle devient l'une des fondatrices du projet Internet Krym_SOS. Depuis octobre 2014, elle est rédactrice en chef d'Ukrayinska Pravda.

En 2016, Sevgil est nominée au Top 30 under 30 Award par le Kyiv Post.

En 2022, elle reçoit le prix d'honneur Albert Londres
.
La même année,  elle figure sur la liste des 100 personnalités les plus influentes de 2022, publiée sur le site Web du Time Magazine.

Références

Liens externes

Journaliste ukrainien du XXIe siècle
Journaliste ukrainienne
Naissance en juin 1987

Sevgil Musayeva


Auenheim ist ein Siedlungsteil von Auenheim-Rienau, einem Ortsteil der Stadt Werra-Suhl-Tal im Wartburgkreis in Thüringen.

Lage
Auenheim befindet sich südöstlich von Berka an der Landesstraße 1022. Südöstlich liegt das Erdfallgebiet um Frauensee mit dem Übergang in die Thüringer Rhön und zum Thüringer Wald. Nachbarort ist Rienau. Die geographische Höhe des Ortes beträgt .

Geschichte
Am 20. Januar 772 nannte man Auenheim in einer Urkunde des Klosters Fulda. Im 13. Jahrhundert war Graf Burkhardt von der Brandenburg mit Gütern aus dem Ort von der Abtei aus Fulda belehnt worden. Er übergab Auenheim später an das Kloster Frauensee. Mit dem Amt Frauensee kam es nach der Reformation an die Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel und 1816 an das Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach.

Das Dorf war und ist landwirtschaftlich geprägt und gehörte ab 1950 zur Gemeinde Auenheim-Rienau, die 1974 nach Horschlitt, 1994 mit diesem nach Berka/Werra sowie 2019 mit diesem nach Werra-Suhl-Tal eingemeindet wurde.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Wartburgkreis
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Wartburgkreis)
Geographie (Werra-Suhl-Tal)
Ersterwähnung 772
Gemeindeauflösung 1950

Auenheim (Werra-Suhl-Tal)


Alice i Eventyrland: Bag spejlet er en amerikansk eventyrfilm fra . Filmen er instrueret af James Bobin, og har Mia Wasikowska, Johnny Depp i hovedrollerne.

Medvirkende
 Mia Wasikowska som Alice Kingsleigh
 Johnny Depp som Hatter Tarrant Hightopp
 Helena Bonham Carter som Iracebeth
 Anne Hathaway som Mirana
 Sacha Baron Cohen som Time
 Rhys Ifans som Zanik Hightopp
 Matt Lucas som Tweedledee / Tweedledum
 Leo Bill som Hamish
 Geraldine James som Lady Ascot
 Andrew Scott som Dr. Addison Bennett
 Richard Armitage som Kong Oleron
 Ed Speleers som James Harcourt
 Alan Rickman som Absolem (stemme)
 Timothy Spall som Bayard (stemme)
 Stephen Fry som Filurkatten (stemme)
 Michael Sheen som McTwisp (stemme)
 Barbara Windsor som Mallymkun (stemme)
 Paul Whitehouse som Thackery (stemme)

Eksterne henvisninger

Amerikanske film fra 2016
Engelsksprogede film
Film baseret på Alice i Eventyrland

Alice i Eventyrland: Bag spejlet


Bernhard Boll (III) (* 26. Oktober 1913 in Solingen; † 20. März 1968 ebenda) war ein deutscher Verleger.

Bernhard Boll studierte Jura in Freiburg, München, Bonn und Köln und wurde 1938 in Freiburg mit seiner Arbeit "Der strafrechtliche Schutz des Schriftleiterberufes" promoviert. In Freiburg war Boll Mitglied des Corps Suevia Freiburg.

Bernhard Boll leitete in dritter Generation und als dritter Träger des Namens den als Familienunternehmen geführten Verlag B. Boll, der die auflagenstärkste Zeitung der Stadt, das Solinger Tageblatt, herausgibt. Erstmals erschien die Zeitung 1809, seit 1912 unter dem heutigen Namen.

1945 heiratete Boll Edith Friesenhausen aus Zerbst. Der Ehe entstammen zwei Kinder. Bernhard Boll wurde 1968 posthum mit dem Ehrenring der Stadt Solingen geehrt. Seine Frau Edith Boll erhielt aufgrund ihres sozialen Engagements 1975 das Bundesverdienstkreuz Erster Klasse. Der Sohn, Bernhard Boll (IV), führt heute Zeitung und Verlag.

1968 wurde Bernhard Boll Opfer eines Raubmordes mit anschließender schwerer Brandstiftung in seinem Wochenendhaus in einem Wald in Solingen. Der Täter wurde durch die am 7. Juni 1968 ausgestrahlte sechste Folge der ZDF-Sendung Aktenzeichen XY ungelöst, in der die Kriminalpolizei Öffentlichkeitsfahndung per Fernsehen betrieb, wenige Tage nach der Ausstrahlung anhand einer geraubten Uhr ausfindig gemacht und später zu lebenslanger Haft verurteilt. Es war der erste Mordfall, der mit Hilfe dieser Sendung gelöst wurde und dadurch deren Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung vergrößerte.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Verleger (20. Jahrhundert)
Unternehmer (Solingen)
Ehrenringträger der Stadt Solingen
Mordopfer
Corpsstudent (20. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1913
Gestorben 1968
Mann

Bernhard Boll (Verleger, 1913)


Jerez es un municipio del departamento de Jutiapa en la región sur-oriente de la República de Guatemala. El municipio de Jerez tiene categoría de ciudad en grado 4.º. Originalmente se conocía como «Chingo», y está a 44 Kilómetros de la cabecera departamental y a 188 kilómetros de la Ciudad de Guatemala. Su santo patrono es San Nicolás Tolentino, cuya fiesta se celebra el 5 de marzo. Los días para el mercado en Jerez, son los domingos.

Toponimia

El área se conocía originalmente con el nombre de «Chingo», pero el 5 de octubre de 1892 se oficializó el cambio de nombre de a «Jerez» en honor a Máximo Jerez Tellería, un general liberal nicaragüense.

División administrativa

Geografía física

Con sus 60 kilómetros cuadrados es el tercer municipio más pequeño de Jutiapa por debajo de El Adelanto (31 km²) y Yupiltepeque (36 km²).

Orografía e hidrografía

Tiene accidentes geográficos por lo que forma planicies y terrenos inclinados. Está en las faldas del Volcán Chingo y está rodeado de cerros y barrancos y se ubica a una elevación de 700  y por su región circulan once corrientes de agua.

Ubicación geográfica

Se encuentra entre el sur de Atescatempa, Yupiltepeque, al este de Zapotitlán y al norte y oeste de la República de El Salvador. Se encuentra a una distancia de 49 kilómetros de la cabecera departamental Jutiapa.

Gobierno municipal

Los municipios se encuentran regulados en diversas leyes de la República, que establecen su forma de organización, lo relativo a la conformación de sus órganos administrativos, tributos destinados para los mismos; esta legislación se encuentra dispersa en diversos niveles.  Ahora bien, que exista legislación específica para los municipios no significa que a estos no les sean aplicables las normas contenidas en otros cuerpos normativos, pues aunque se trata de entidades autónomas, las mismas se encuentran sujetas, al igual que todas las entidades de tal naturaleza, a la legislación nacional.

Específicamente, las principales leyes que rigen a los municipios en Guatemala desde 1985 son:

El gobierno de los municipios de Guatemala está a cargo de un Concejo Municipal, de conformidad con el artículo 254 de la Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala, que establece que «el gobierno municipal será ejercido por un concejo municipal». A su vez, el código municipal —que tiene carácter de ley ordinaria y contiene disposiciones que se aplican a todos los municipios de Guatemala— establece en su artículo 9 que «el concejo municipal es el órgano colegiado superior de deliberación y de decisión de los asuntos municipales […] y tiene su sede en la circunscripción de la cabecera municipal». Por último, el artículo 33 del mencionado código establece que «[le] corresponde con exclusividad al concejo municipal el ejercicio del gobierno del municipio».

El concejo municipal se integra de conformidad con lo que establece la Constitución en su artículo 254, es decir «se integra con el alcalde, los síndicos y concejales, electos directamente por sufragio universal y secreto para un período de cuatro años, pudiendo ser reelectos». Al respecto, el código municipal en el artículo 9 establece «que se integra por el alcalde, los síndicos y los concejales, todos electos directa y popularmente en cada municipio de conformidad con la ley de la materia».

Los alcaldes que ha habido en el municipio son:

 2012-2016: Carlos Melgar

Historia

El nombre original de Jerez era «Chingo».

Tras la Independencia de Centroamérica

Tras la Independencia de Centroamérica en 1821, la constitución del Estado de Guatemala promulgada el 11 de octubre de 1825 estableció los circuitos para la administración de justicia en el territorio del Estado y menciona que Jerez —llamado entonces «Chingo»— era parte del Circuito de Mita en el Distrito N.º 3 del mismo nombre en el departamento de Chiquimula, junto con Asunción, Achuapa, Agua Blanca, Quequesque, San Antonio, Anguiatú, Las Cañas, Limones, Mongoy, Espinal, Hermita, Jutiapa, Santa Catarina, Atescatempa, Yupiltepeque, Zapotitlán, Papaturro y San Diego.

Creación del departamento de Jutiapa

La República de Guatemala fue fundada por el gobierno del presidente capitán general Rafael Carrera el 21 de marzo de 1847 para que el hasta entonces Estado de Guatemala pudiera realizar intercambios comerciales libremente con naciones extranjeras.  El 25 de febrero de 1848 la región de Mita fue segregada de Chiquimula, convertida en departamento y dividida en tres distritos: Jutiapa, Santa Rosa y Jalapa.  Específicamente, el distrito de Jutiapa incluyó a Jutiapa como cabecera, Yupiltepeque, Asunción y Santa Catarina Mita y los valles aledaños que eran Suchitán, San Antonio, Achuapa, Atescatempa, Zapotitlán, Contepeque, Chingo, Quequesque, Limones y Tempisque;  además, incluía a Comapa, Jalpatagua, Asulco, Conguaco y Moyuta.

Conferencias con El Salvador de 1876

En 1876 el gobierno conservador de José María Medina en Honduras se estaba desmoronando, principalmente con el escándalo de los empréstitos para la construcción del Ferrocarril Nacional de Honduras y el desaparecimiento de representantes de Honduras en el extranjero. Los liberales hondureños solicitaban cambios en la administración pública del Estado y el presidente guatemalteco, general Justo Rufino Barrios aprovechó la oportunidad para establecer un régimen liberal y afín a sus intereses de Unión Centroamericana en Honduras.  Tras las elecciones en El Salvador en que resultó elegido Andrés del Valle, Barrios se reunió con éste en El Chingo donde acordaron apoyar la invasión de Honduras para instalar al licenciado Marco Aurelio Soto como presidente de Honduras; hasta entonces, Soto había fungido como Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores y de Educación en Guatemala. Barrios y del Valle se comprometieron a poner mil hombres para dicha causa, pero los hechos políticos se precipitaron en contra de Valle, y tras la Junta de Santa Ana, en donde se reunieron alrededor de doscientos incipientes cafetaleros, terratenientes, comerciantes, políticos, militares y juristas salvadoreños, se acordó junto con el presidente guatemalteco elegir como presidente de El Salvador al doctor Rafael Zaldívar.

Muerte de Adolfo V. Hall

Durante la cmapaña unionista del presidente guatemalteco Justo Rufino Barrios en 1885, el cadete Adolfo V. Hall luchó en primera línea en El Coco y en la frontera con El Salvador, por lo que Barrios, necesitado de jefes y oficiales decididos que comandaran las tropas guatemaltecas, lo llamó y le dijo «¡Cadete: los galones que lleva en el brazo, páseselos a la manga!». De esta forma, Barrios ascendió a Hall al grado de Teniente Coronel del Ejército en Campaña.

Impulsado por esa honrosa distinción, el nuevo coronel redobló su coraje para el avance, pero fue alcanzado por una bala de cañón, que lo dejó horriblemente mutilado, y confundido con los restos de sus compañeros de batallón.  Las acciones posteriores, incluyendo la muerte del propio general Barrios, impidieron recuperar el cadáver del joven coronel de 19 años quien fue sepultado en alguna fosa común de la población de Chingo.

Cambio del nombre del municipio

El 5 de octubre de 1892 se oficializó el cambio de nombre de Chingo a Jerez en honor a la ciudad de Jerez de la frontera, en España y porque el municipio de Jerez es fronterizo con la República de El Salvador.

Leyenda de «El Partideño»

Se cuenta que hubo un ladrón apodado «El Partideño» quien era jefe de una banda que se escondían en una gruta que está en las faldas del Volcán Chingo; esta gruta era conocida como la «Cueva del Partideño». Cuentan que los ladrones robaban en los pueblos de la localidad y los escondían en la gruta; pocos días antes de la Independencia de Centroamérica las autoridades descubrieron el escondite, y según la leyenda, encontraron grandes tesoros.

Recursos naturales
Entre los grandes cerros y montañas que tiene Jerez, existen bosques en abundancia, ríos, suelos fertilizados y los pobladores aprovechan muy bien esos recursos. Entre los cultivos están: Maíz, Fríjol, Café y Tomate.

Fauna

Existe una gran variedad de animales y entre esos están:

<div align=center>
{| class="mw-collapsible wikitable" width=70% style='font-size:0.9em'
|+style="color:black";|Fauna de Jerez
|- style="color:white;"
!style="background:#659ec7;" align=center width=10%|División
!style="background:#659ec7;" align=center|Listado
|-
!style="background:lemonchiffon;"|Animales Silvestres
|Culebra
murciélago
ratón
armadillo
comadreja
tacuazín
gavilán
 paloma
 clarinero
 sanate
 colibrí
 garza
 perica
|-
!style="background:lemonchiffon;"|Animales acuáticos
|guapote, juilín, pupo, camarón, cangrejo y jute
|-
!style="background:lemonchiffon;"|Animales domésticos
|caballo, vaca, cabra, cerdo, gallina, pato, perro y gato
|}

Transporte
Se cuenta con transporte Extraurbano hacia la ciudad Capital, transporte hacia la ciudad de Jutiapa (Microbuses), Mototaxis de uso urbano del municipio Jerezano.

Medios de comunicación

Cuenta con el periodista reconocido Hugo Peñate el cual a través de su perfil de Facebook  "Hugo Peñate" todos los días hace una reseña del pueblo publicando rostros de jerezanos, dando a conocer las noticias más importantes del municipio así como la transmisión en vivo de eventos importantes como también entierros de vecinos, y un periódico local totalmente gratuito, con noticias locales, nacionales e internacionales que dan a conocer suceso de gran trascendencia, los cuales no suelen publicarse en periódicos nacionales. Fue creado en Aldea La Esmerada, por consiguiente, lleva el nombre de " Pasatiempo Esmeralda" inspirado en un poema del escritor uruguayo Mario Benedetti llamado Pasatiempo.

Véase también

 Elecciones municipales de Guatemala de 2023
 Organización territorial de Guatemala

Notas y referencias

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 Municipalidad de Jerez

Municipios de Jutiapa
Topónimos con nombres de líderes de Guatemala

Jerez (Jutiapa)


Det Gamle Slot (, Palaiá Anáktora) er et slot i det centrale Athen i Grækenland, der er sæde for Grækenlands parlament. Slottet blev opført mellem 1836 og 1843 som det første kongeslot i det moderne Grækenland. Det ligger ved Syntagmapladsen i centrum af Athen og har huset Grækenlands parlament siden 1934.

Historie

Slottet blev opført af den bayerske arkitekt Friedrich von Gärtner for Kong Otto af Grækenland og hans hustru, Dronning Amalia, med midler doneret af Ottos far, Kong Ludvig 1. af Bayern. Tidligere forslag havde placeret slottet på Omoniapladsen, Kerameikos og på Akropolis.

Byggeriet begyndte i 1836 og blev færdigt i 1843. Da det var residensslot for Grækenlands konger i næsten et århundrede, bliver det af og til omtalt som Det Gamle Slot.

Efter skader ved en brand i 1909 blev det istandsat i længere tid. Under istandsættelsen flyttede kongen og kongefamilien deres residens til Kronprinsens Palads, der herefter blev kendt som Det Nye Slot.

Enkelte medlemmer af kongefamilien som enkedronning Olga, vedblev at bo i Det Gamle Slot til 1922. Efter monarkiets afskaffelse i 1922, blev bygningen brugt til flere formål.

I november 1929 besluttede den græske regering, at bygningen skulle huse Grækenlands parlament. Efter en omfattende renovering flyttede senatet ind i slottet den 2. august 1934, fulgt af den femte nationalforsamling den 1. juli 1935. Selv om monarkiet blev genindført i Grækenland i 1935, vedblev slottet at fungere som parlamentsbygning.

Litteratur

Referencer

Eksterne links
 Det Græske Parlaments hjemmeside
 Parlamentsbygningens historie

Slotte i Grækenland
Residensslotte
Parlamentsbygninger
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Grækenland
Athen

Det Gamle Slot (Athen)


See also
List of heritage railway stations in the United Kingdom

K

UK railway stations – K


متحف أكروبوليس الجديد (باليونانية:Νέο Μουσείο Ακροπόλεως). تم بنائه في العام 2007 وهو من تصميم المعماري برنارد تشومي لعرض اللآثار والمنحوتات التي تم العثور عليها في أكروبوليس أثينا في أثينا باليونان.
تم الانتهاء منه في 2008 وتم تدشينه في 2009.

المتحف يقع في شارع ديونيسوس أريوباغيتو على منحدر جنوب غربي هضبة الأكروبوليس. ويحاكي تصميم طابقه الأعلى معبد بارثينون، وقبل بناء المتحف ثار جدل بشأن بناء مبنى ضخم حديث في موقع أثري.

الافتتاح
وفي حفل كبير حضره نحو 400 من الشخصيات العالمية، افتتح رئيس الوزراء اليوناني كوستاس كرامنليس، كما تم تخصيص مكان لعرض تماثيل بارثينون التي تطالب اليونان باستعادتها من بريطانيا حيث تعرض في المتحف البريطاني في لندن.

مصادر

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي
 Acropolis Museum

أكروبوليس أثينا
تأسيسات سنة 2008 في اليونان
ثقافة اليونان القديمة
ثقافة يونانية
عمارة القرن 21 في اليونان
متاحف أثرية في أثينا
أكروبوليس جديد
متاحف أسست في 2008
متاحف في اليونان القديمة في اليونان
معالم أثينا

متحف الأكروبول


Lindleyinae, podtribus ružovki, dio tribusa Maleae. Postoje dva roda s 4 vrste iz Meksika i Južne Amerike

Rodovi
 Kageneckia Ruiz & Pav.
 Lindleya Kunth

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Maleae

Lindleyinae


Francesco Maria Mancini (Roma, 20 de outubro de 1606 - Roma, 29 de junho de 1672) foi um cardeal do século XVIII

Nascimento
Nasceu em Roma em 20 de outubro de 1606. De uma família da nobreza romana. Filho de Paolo Macini, consevatore de Roma, e Vittoria Capocci, nobre romana. Em 1634, seu irmão Lorenzo casou-se com Geronima, irmã do cardeal Jules Mazarin (1641).

Educação
Estudou no Jesuíta Collegio Romano , obtendo o doutorado in utroque iure , tanto em direito canônico quanto em direito civil.

Vida pregressa
Entrou na prelazia romana em 1633. Referendário dos Tribunais da Assinatura Apostólica de Justiça e da Graça, 1638. Governador de Terni, 1636 a 1637. Governador de Sabina, 1637. Governador de Norcia e Montagna, outubro de 1637 a novembro de 1638. Governador de Todi, até dezembro de 1638. Enquanto em Todi, foi nomeado auditor do cardeal camerlengo, Antonio Barberini, ocupando o cargo de 1639 a 1644. Votante do Tribunal da Assinatura Apostólica da Graça. Responsável pelas abadias de Saint-Martin, diocese de Laon, Maison-de-Dieu, diocese de Clermont, Saint-Lucien, diocese de Beauvais, e Saint-Pierre-du-Mont, diocese de Chalons, da qual o cardeal Jules Mazarin era o abade. Em 1654, foi encarregado de resolver a difícil situação da nunciatura na Espanha, centro de um grave conflito diplomático. secretaria do SC

Cardinalado
Criado cardeal diácono no consistório de 5 de abril de 1660; recebeu o gorro vermelho e a diaconia de Ss. Vito e Modesto, 19 de abril de 1660. Participou do conclave de 1667 , que elegeu o Papa Clemente IX. Participou do conclave de 1669-1670 , que elegeu o Papa Clemente X. Optou pela ordem dos presbíteros e pelo título de S. Matteo na Via Merulana, em 14 de maio de 1670.

Morte
Morreu em Roma em 29 de junho de 1672, perto das 4 horas da manhã, em Marino, feudo da casa de Colonna, diocese de Albano. Sepultado na igreja paroquial de S. Barnaba, Marino sem memória. Ao lado da epístola da capela de S. Giacomo, na igreja de S. Maria em Araceli, Roma, que ele havia embelezado, foi construído um monumento com seu busto.

Cardeais nomeados pelo papa Alexandre VII
Cardeais da Itália

Francesco Maria Mancini


Rhenish Hesse or Rhine Hesse (, ) is a region and a former government district () in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is made up of territories west of the Upper Rhine river that were part of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor in the Weimar Republic, the People's State of Hesse from 1816 to 1945. The hilly countryside is largely devoted to vineyards, comprising the Rheinhessen wine region.

Geography

Rhine Hesse stretches from the Upper Rhine Plain on the west bank of the Rhine up to the Nahe and Alsenz rivers in the west and down to the mouth of the Isenach in the south. The region borders on the Rhineland in the northwest, on the Palatinate in the southwest, and on South Hesse beyond the Rhine. The Rhenish-Hessian Hills along the Selz river, also called the "land of the thousand hills", reach up to  at the summit of the Kappelberg and about  in Rhenish-Hessian Switzerland.

The Mainz Basin, a Cenozoic marine basin, covered the area about 38 to 12 million years ago. The landscape is characterised by large Loess and Marl deposits. Due to the favourable climatic conditions of Rhenish Hesse, agriculture covers most of the region. As the Hunsrück and Taunus ranges protect it from cold winds, wine and fruit production is practised on a large scale.

The region comprises the cities of Mainz – the Rhineland-Palatinate capital – and Worms, surrounded by the administrative districts of Mainz-Bingen and Alzey-Worms. Other towns include Bingen, Alzey, Nieder-Olm, Ingelheim, Nierstein, Oppenheim, and Osthofen. Many inhabitants commute to work in Mainz or Wiesbaden and Frankfurt in the neighbouring state of Hesse.

History
The importance of the Rhine Hessian lands increased when they were allotted to King Louis the German by the 843 Treaty of Verdun. The region was part of the core territory of Rhenish Franconia. It comprised the Imperial Cathedrals of Worms and Mainz which were erected in the High Middle Ages. The Worms Synagogue and the Jewish Cemetery count among the oldest in Europe. Devastated by the Thirty Years' War, the area became a patchwork of possessions of the Catholic Electorate of Mainz and the Prince-Bishopric of Worms as well as of the Protestant Electoral Palatinate.

Rhine Hesse was occupied by the First French Republic in 1792, during the War of the First Coalition. At the Congress of Vienna in 1814–15, Grand Duke Louis I of Hesse was obliged to give up his Westphalian territories. In compensation, he received the district on the left bank of the Rhine. Because of this addition, he amended his title to Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and the name of the region was created. In Allied-occupied Germany, the Rhine Hessian lands were incorporated as a district into the newly established state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946.

Cuisine

Each region has developed its own cuisine dependent on geography, climate, soils, seasons and wealth. These vary from plain home cooking with simple dishes to culinary specialities for festive occasions. Rhine Hesse also has a large number of specialities, with Weck, Worscht un Woi, not least through the Mainz carnival, has achieved supra-regional fame.
 Backesbroode – a roast filled with potatoes and bacon
 Backesgrumbeere – spiced potato casserole with bacon, wine and sour cream
 Bremser or Bitzler – Federweißer
 Dibbehas – hare stew (Dibbe), with hare (wild hare, rabbit), spices and optionally with wine
 Asparagus (Gemüsespargel)
 Hackesweck – bread roll with highly spiced Mett (minced pork) and onions
 Handkäs with music – marinaded cheese, a Mainzer Roller marinaded in vinegar, oil and onions (music because of the subsequent flatulence)
 Kräppel, fried dough for Carnival
 Schales
 Spundekäs – consists of fresh cheese, paprika, onions and other spices
 Weck, Worscht un Woi, well known Rhine Hessian snack
 Weingelee (wine jelly)
 Weinsuppe (wine soup)
 Wingertsimbs – typical vineyard snack
 Wingertsknorze – rye bread roll with bacon and onions
 Woihinkelsche, originally from the Alsace (coq au vin à l'alsacienne), but must include chicken and white wine; not to be confused with the Weinhähnchen, an insect
 Zwiwwelkuche – Zwiebelkuchen

Wine growing

Rhine Hesse is the largest of 13 regions producing German wine. Outside Germany, it is best known as the home of Liebfraumilch. Most is made from white varieties such as  Riesling, Silvaner, Müller-Thurgau, Kerner, and Scheurebe.  The best-known white wine area is the Rhine Terrace near Oppenheim and Nierstein. Some red varieties are grown, particularly around Ingelheim and Gundersheim, including Pinot noir, Blauer Portugieser, Dornfelder, and the recently established Regent.

References

External links
 Official website of Rhine Hesse, with information about wine, tourism, and culture (in German)
 Website on the history of Rhine Hesse (in German)

Former states and territories of Rhineland-Palatinate
Former states and territories of Hesse
Grand Duchy of Hesse
Former government regions of Germany

Rhenish Hesse


The green wood hoopoe (Phoeniculus purpureus) is a large, up to  long tropical bird native to Africa. It is a member of the family Phoeniculidae, the wood hoopoes, and was formerly known as the red-billed wood hoopoe.

Taxonomy
In 1784 the English illustrator John Frederick Miller included a hand-coloured plate of the green wood hoopoe in his Icones animalium et plantarum. He coined the binomial name Promerops purpureus and mistakenly specified the type locality as eastern India. The green wood hoopoe is now one of five species placed in the genus Phoeniculus that was introduced in 1821 by the Polish zoologist Feliks Paweł Jarocki.

Six subspecies are recognised:
 P. p. senegalensis (Vieillot, 1822) – south Senegal to south Ghana
 P. p. guineensis (Reichenow, 1902) – north Senegal and Gambia to Chad and Central African Republic
 P. p. niloticus (Neumann, 1903) – Sudan to west Ethiopia and northeast DR Congo
 P. p. marwitzi (Reichenow, 1906) – east Uganda and Kenya to east South Africa
 P. p. angolensis (Reichenow, 1902) – Angola and west Zambia to northeast Namibia and north Botswana
 P. p. purpureus (Miller, JF, 1784) – central, southwest South Africa

The green wood hoopoe is sometimes considered as conspecific with the black-billed wood hoopoe (Phoeniculus somaliensis) and the violet wood hoopoe (Phoeniculus damarensis).

Description
This abundant species is a metallic dark green, with a purple back and very long diamond-shaped purple tail. Distinctive white markings on the wings and white chevrons on the tail edges make it easily identifiable, as does its long, thin, curved red bill. Sexes are similar, but immatures have a black bill.

It advertises its presence with its loud kuk-uk-uk-uk-uk call and other vocalisations.

Behaviour and ecology

Food and foraging
The green wood hoopoe is an insect-eating species. It feeds mainly on the ground, at termite mounds, or on tree trunks, and forms flocks outside the breeding season. Its specialised claws enable it to cling easily to the underside of branches while closely inspecting the bark for insects.

Breeding
The green wood hoopoe is a cooperative breeder and common resident in the forests, woodlands and suburban gardens of most of sub-Saharan Africa. It is found in groups of up to a dozen or so birds with only one breeding pair. The breeding female lays two to four blue eggs in a natural tree hole or old barbet nest and incubates them for about 18 days. On hatching, she and the nestlings are fed by the rest of the group, even after they have fledged and left the nest hole. The group is fearless in defence of the nestlings against intruders. This species is parasitised by the greater and lesser honeyguide.

Status
Widespread and common throughout its large range, the green wood hoopoe is assessed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Gallery

References

 Birds of The Gambia by Barlow, Wacher and Disley,

External links
 BirdLife Species Factsheet
 Redbilled woodhoopoe – Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.
 Photograph of a Green Woodhoopoe

green wood hoopoe
Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa
green wood hoopoe
green wood hoopoe

Green wood hoopoe


Generazione X ist das dritte Soloalbum des Mailänder Rappers Mondo Marcio. Es erschien am 22. Juni 2007 bei EMI und wurde von Virgin vertrieben. Das Album verkaufte sich über 25.000 Mal.

Entstehung
Nachdem Mondo Marcio im Januar 2006 sein zweites Soloalbum Solo un uomo veröffentlicht hatte, wurde im Juli 2006 zunächst sein Album Solo un uomo als Gold Edition wieder veröffentlicht, ergänzt durch das Mixtape (Nessuna via di uscita).

Hintergrund
Das Album erschien anderthalb Jahre nach seinem zweiten Soloalbum Solo un uomo. Das neue Album wurde inhaltlich vielseitiger und persönlicher. So rechnet Mondo Marcio etwa im Lied Ultimo spettacolo mit der Hip Hop-Szene ab, während Bye bye sich mit den Beziehungsproblemen von Mondo Marcio und einer alten Liebe beschäftigt.

Zu Generazione X wurde ein Musikvideo gedreht und das Lied als Single ausgekoppelt. Die Single Generazione X erschien kurz vor der Veröffentlichung des Albums und feierte seine Premiere live in Mailand bei der von MTV Italia organisierten TRL Awards.

Mondo Marcio hat alle Titel selbst produziert. Das Album war weniger erfolgreich als sein Vorgänger, es erreichte Platz 19 in den italienischen Charts. Während Mondo Marcio beim letzten Album noch drei Musikvideos gedreht hatte, wurde durch den Misserfolg die Promotion für Generazione X bereits nach dem ersten Video eingestellt.

Musikalischer Stil
Einige Stücke des Albums Generazione X sind der stilistischen Richtung des Battle-Rap zuzuordnen, andere dem Gangster-Rap. Außerdem verarbeitet Mondo Marcio sein eigenes Leben in den Texten, was sich unter anderem in melancholischen Musikstücken wie Non ti ho mai detto ("Ich habe dir nie gesagt") niederschlägt.

Titelliste

Weblinks
 mondomarcio.net
 Albumkritik auf Soundsblog.it
 Albumkritik auf Outune.net

Album (Hip-Hop)
Album 2007
Mondo Marcio

Generazione X


Fray Mateo de Burgos (Valladolid, c. 1548 - Sigüenza, 24 de enero de 1611)
fue un religioso franciscano español,
comisario general de su orden en España,
confesor de la reina Margarita de Austria,
obispo de Pamplona,
virrey interino de Navarra en ausencia de Juan de Cardona y Requesens
y obispo de Sigüenza.

Referencias

Obispos de Pamplona
Obispos de Sigüenza
Obispos de España del siglo XVII
Virreyes de Navarra
Franciscanos de España del siglo XVI
Franciscanos de España del siglo XVII
Nacidos en Valladolid

Mateo de Burgos


The Dornier Do 11 was a German heavy bomber, developed in secret in the early 1930s. It was originally called the Dornier F before being renamed by the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM) in 1933, and was considered a heavy bomber at the time. It came into service in 1932, a continuation of a line of bomber designs from the Dornier Do P in 1930, and the Dornier Do Y in 1931. The line would continue to develop with the Dornier Do 13 and Dornier Do 23.

Design and development
One of the main features the Do 11 tested was a retractable undercarriage, but, due to problems with the gear, it was often left locked down. The aircraft entered service under the guise of a freight transport, and was used with the German railway in conjunction with Deutsche Luft Hansa, so that it could be shown publicly. What it was actually used for was as a trainer for the still secret Luftwaffe.

The aircraft had a number of problems, which resulted in some crashes, and was generally unpopular with pilots. Especially problematic were wing vibrations which resulted in various precautions and modifications. Attempts were made to correct its faults, resulting in the so-called Do 11D, the last model with the Do 11 name. The Do 13 was a "simplified" Do 11 and came next, but had so many problems of its own that it did not fully enter service, with several of the first planes off the assembly line crashing. The later Do 23 corrected many faults of the design, but was still a lackluster aircraft, and was withdrawn from service by 1936, and replaced by superior aircraft that had since been developed.

The Do 11 is noteworthy as having served in secret and having been the main heavy bomber of the quietly developing Luftwaffe, if only for a short while. It was also the first to have two large engines as opposed to its predecessors the Y and P, which used three and four engines respectively.

Variants
Data from:'
Do F
Prototype of the Do 11 before redesignation by the RLM.
Do 11C
First production version powered by two Siemens-Halske Sh.22B-2 radial engines.
Do 11D
Second production version with a shorter-span wing, primarily introduced to alleviate extreme vibration of the Do 11C wings.

Operators

Bulgarian Air Force

Luftwaffe

Specifications (Do 11D)

See also

Notes

References

Do 011
1930s German bomber aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1932
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft

Dornier Do 11


Sara Björk Gunnarsdóttir (født 29. september 1990) er en Islandsk fodboldspiller, der spiller for Olympique Lyonnais i Division 1 Féminine.. Hun har tidligere spillet for VfL Wolfsburg i den tyske Frauen-Bundesliga og i den svenske klub FC Rosengård i Damallsvenskan. Sara Björk har været en del af Islands landshold siden 2007 og har repræsenteret sit land ved EM i fodbold for kvinder i 2009, 2013 og 2017.

I december 2018 blev hun udnævnt til Årets sportsperson i Island. I august 2020 blev hun den første islænder, der vandt UEFA Women's Champions League.

Hæder

Klub
Rosengård
 Damallsvenskan: Vinder 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015
 Svenska Cupen: Vinder 2016
 Svenska Supercupen: Vinder 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016

VfL Wolfsburg
 Bundesliga: Vinder 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20
 DFB-Pokal: Vinder 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20

Olympique Lyonnais
 Coupe de France: 2019–20
 Champions League: 2019–20

Individuel
 Årets sportsperson i Island: 2018
 Årets sportsperson i Haukar: 2008

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kvindelige fodboldspillere fra Island
Kvindelige fodboldlandsholdsspillere fra Island
Fodboldspillere fra VfL Wolfsburg (kvinder)
Fodboldspillere fra FC Rosengård
Fodboldspillere fra Olympique Lyon (kvinder)

Sara Björk Gunnarsdóttir


Bartatua (cita: Pr̥ϑutavā; acádio:  Bartatua ou Partatua) ou Protóties (grego antigo: , romanizado: Protothuēs; latim: Protothyes) foi um rei cita que governou durante o período da presença cita na Ásia Ocidental no

Nome
O acádio Bartatua () e o grego antigo Protothuēs () são derivados de um nome de língua cita cuja forma original era *Pr̥ϑutavā, "com força de longo alcance."

Vida e reinado
Bartatua foi o sucessor do rei cita anterior, Ispacaia, e pode ter sido seu filho. Depois que Ispacaia atacou o Império Neoassírio e morreu em batalha contra o rei assírio Assaradão por volta de , Bartatua o sucedeu.

Em meados da década de , em aliança com um grupo oriental de cimérios que migraram para o planalto iraniano, os citas sob Bartatua estavam ameaçando as províncias assírias de Parsumas e Bīt Ḫamban, e essas forças conjuntas cimério-citas ameaçavam a comunicação entre o Império Assírio e seu vassalo de Ḫubuškia.

No entanto, os assírios iniciaram negociações com Bartatua imediatamente após a morte de Ispacaia, e em  ele pediu a mão da filha de Assaradão, Seruaeterate, em casamento, o que é atestado nas perguntas de Assaradão ao oráculo do deus-sol Samas. Se esse casamento aconteceu não está registrado nos textos assírios, mas a estreita aliança entre os citas e a Assíria sob os reinados de Bartatua e seu filho e sucessor Mádies sugere que os sacerdotes assírios aprovaram esse casamento entre uma filha de um rei assírio e um senhor nômade, o que nunca havia acontecido antes na história assíria; os citas foram assim levados a uma aliança conjugal com a Assíria, e Seruaeterate era provavelmente a mãe do filho de Bartatua, Mádies.

O casamento de Bartatua com Seruaeterate exigia que ele jurasse fidelidade à Assíria como vassalo e, de acordo com a lei assíria, os territórios governados por ele seriam seu feudo concedido pelo rei assírio, que tornava a presença cita na Ásia Ocidental uma extensão nominal do Império Neoassírio. Sob esse arranjo, o poder dos citas na Ásia Ocidental dependia fortemente de sua cooperação com o Império Assírio; doravante, os citas permaneceram aliados do Império Assírio.

Ao longo de 660 a , o filho de Assaradão e sucessor do trono assírio, Assurbanípal, enviou seu general Nabû-šar-uṣur para realizar uma  campanha militar contra Manai, que anteriormente, em aliança com o antecessor de Bartatua, Ispacaia, expandiu seus territórios às custas da Assíria. Depois de tentar em vão impedir o avanço assírio, o rei manaiano Aḫsēri foi derrubado por uma rebelião popular e foi morto junto com a maior parte de sua dinastia pela população revoltada, após o que seu filho sobrevivente Uali pediu ajuda da Assíria, que foi fornecida por intermédio do parente de Assurbanípal, o rei cita, após o que os citas estenderam sua hegemonia ao próprio Manai.

Bartatua foi sucedido por seu filho, Mádies, que levaria o poder cita na Ásia Ocidental ao seu auge.

Inscrição de Saqqez
Uma inscrição de Saqqez escrita em língua cita usando a escrita hieroglífica luviana refere-se a um rei chamado Partitava, que é Bartatua.

Fontes

Governantes citas
Mortos no século VII a.C.

Bartatua


18840 Yoshioba este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
18840 Yoshioba este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Nanyo de Tomimaru Okuni. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,39 ua, o excentricitate de 0,01 și o înclinație de 2,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 18001-19000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

18840 Yoshioba


LINS Khanderi (pennant number : S22) est le deuxième des six sous-marins de  de la marine indienne construits en Inde. C'est un sous-marin d'attaque conventionnel diesel-électrique qui a été conçu par la société française de défense et d'énergie navale DCNS et fabriqué à Mazagon Dock Limited à Bombay.

Le sous-marin hérite son nom et son numéro de fanion de l' (S22) qui a servi dans la marine indienne de 1968 à 1989, et a été nommé d'après le fort du roi Marathe Shivaji sur l'île de Khanderi.

Construction

Le sous-marin a été lancé en présence du ministre de la Défense Subhash Bhamre, du chef d'état-major de la marine, l'amiral Sunil Lanba, et d'autres dignitaires le . Le sous-marin a commencé ses essais en mer le 1er juin 2017.

Le sous-marin a été commissionné par le ministre de la Défense Rajnath Singh le .

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

Voir aussi

Liens internes
 Liste des sous-marins de l'Inde

Sous-marin de la Marine indienne
Navire construit en Inde
Bateau lancé en 2017
Khanderi

INS Khanderi (2017)


Romneja (lat. Romneya), maleni biljni rod iz porodice makovki kojoj propadaj udvije vrste trajnica i polugrmova iz Kalifornije i sjeverozapadnog Meksika (Sinaloa).

Vrste
 Romneya coulteri Harv.
 Romneya trichocalyx Eastw.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Makovke

Romneja


Mısır mitolojisinde 'Tawaret' (aynı zamanda Taurt, Tuat, Taueret, Tuart, Ta-weret, Taweret ve Taueret) hamile kadınların bebeklerin koruyucusu olan tanrıçadır. Yüzü timsah, vücudu hipopotam, ayakları ise aslan şeklinde betimlenir.Su aygırı, dişi aslan ve Nil timsahlarından alınan yırtıcı özelliklerinin, kötü niyetli güçlere korku aşıladığı ve onları savuşturduğu düşünülüyordu. Bu nedenle, onun suretini taşıyan muskaların, çocukluk çağı hastalıklarını ve ölümlerini önlemeye yardımcı olduğu düşünülüyordu.

Mısır tanrıçaları
Ziraat tanrıçaları
Bereket tanrıçaları
Efsanevi memeliler
Su aygırıgiller
Çocukluk tanrıçaları

Taweret


Timothy Dowling (* 26. Oktober 1973 in Boston, Massachusetts) ist ein US-amerikanischer Drehbuchautor und Schauspieler.

Wirken
Timothy Dowling ist er vor allem für seine Drehbücher zu den Filmen Vorbilder?! (2008), Das gibt Ärger (2012) und Meine erfundene Frau (2011) bekannt. Darüber hinaus war er ungenannt an den Drehbüchern zu Love Vegas (2008, Überarbeitung) sowie Zu scharf um wahr zu sein (2010) und Knight and Day (2010, beide Endschliff) beteiligt. Als Inspiration nennt Dowling Tootsie und Es geschah in einer Nacht.

Als Schauspieler ist Dowling immer wieder in kleineren Rollen zu sehen, erstmals in Mein Liebling, der Tyrann als Alek. Nach Auftritten in den Fernsehserien Eine starke Familie und Ein Trio zum Anbeißen sowie einigen Kurzfilmen erhielt er Nebenrollen in den Filmen Terminator 3 – Rebellion der Maschinen (2003), Plötzlich verliebt (2004) und Thank You for Smoking (2005).

Filmografie (Auswahl)

Autor
 1999: George Lucas in Love (Kurzfilm)
 1999: Evil Hill (Kurzfilm)
 2002: ZeD (Fernsehserie, Segment "George Lucas in Love")
 2008: Vorbilder?! (Role Models)
 2011: Meine erfundene Frau (Just Go with It)
 2012: Das gibt Ärger (This Means War)
 2015: Pixels
 2016: Office Christmas Party

Schauspieler
 1997: Mein Liebling, der Tyrann (The Beautician and the Beast)
 1997: Eine starke Familie (Step by Step, Fernsehserie, Folge "Talking Trash")
 1997: George Wallace (Fernsehfilm)
 1998: Ein Trio zum Anbeißen (Two Guys, a Girl and a Pizza Place, Fernsehserie, Folge "Two Guys, a Girl and a Party")
 1998: The Paperboy (Kurzfilm)
 1999: George Lucas in Love (Kurzfilm)
 1999: Evil Hill (Kurzfilm)
 2001: The Seventh Sense (Kurzfilm)
 2003: Dr. Benny
 2003: Terminator 3 – Rebellion der Maschinen (Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines)
 2004: Plötzlich verliebt (Sleepover)
 2005: Thank You for Smoking
 2005: The Life Coach
 2008: Lower Learning
 2015: Pixels

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Drehbuchautor
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1973
Mann

Timothy Dowling


Sučeljene životinje su drevni bilatelarni motiv u umjetnosti gdje se dvije životinje sučeljavaju u simetričnoj pozi. Ovaj je motiv u umjetnosti i artefaktima predmet proučavanja arheologije i povijesti umjetnosti. "Suprotstavljene životinje" suprotni je motiv, sa životinjama okrenutima leđima.

Bilateralna simetrija dominantan je aspekt našeg svijeta i snažna zastupljenost istog s odgovarajućim figurama često stvara ravnotežu koja daje atraktivnost umjetničkim djelima.

U drevnoj umjetnosti, motivi sučeljenih životinja često uključuju motiv gospodara životinja. To je središnji ljudski lik, koji često drži sučeljene životinje, a vjerojatno su svi ovi elementi dio jedinstvenog društveno-kulturnog motiva. Srodni motiv u drevnoj umjetnosti poznat je pod nazivom Gospodarica životinja.

Smatra se da ikonografija ponekad ima ritualne i vjerske asocijacije; na primjer, Lavlja vrata Mikene imaju stupac između zaštitnih, gornjih i suprotstavljenih lavica koje stoje s dvije noge na tlu i dvije na istoj osnovi na kojoj počiva stup. Smatra se da stup predstavlja božicu, apstrahiranu kako bi se izbjeglo tabuirano izravno predstavljanje. Prema drugom tumačenju, stup je protumačen kao simbol ulaska u palaču. Lavovi tako istodobno čuvaju ulaz u palaču i zidinu utvrde. Motiv nazvan Drvo života, gdje dvije suočene životinje pasu na grmlju ili drvetu, također je vrlo star.

Nož Gebel el-Arak
Na stražnjoj strani drške noža Gebel el-Arak, prikazanoj na vrhu članka, prikazana su dva snažna sučeljena lava odvojena likom koji ih drži. Treba napomenuti da gumb na stražnjoj strani prikazuje gornji kraj rupe za uže ili uže na ušici ovjesa; ovaj nož se možda svečano nosio oko vrata.

Primjeri iz arheologije

Pečatni cilindri

Primjeri sučeljenih životinja postoje na pečatnim cilindrima iz Mezopotamije. Ponekad se nađu božanstva ili heroji koji drže lavice, stoku, grifone ili druga zamišljena bića.

Mnogi pečatni cilindri koji uključuju sučeljene koze koje okružuju središnje Drvo života na platformi 'stošca' ili 'planine' dijele jednu zajedničku temu. O drugima se može razmišljati kao o božanstvima koja drže životinje pod svojom kontrolom.

Budući da su pečatni cilindri brojni i također potječu iz pretpovijesnih razdoblja, sve do četvrtog ili petog tisućljeća prije Krista, teme su različite. Druga vrsta cilindra sučeljenih životinja s drvetom života ima motive "junaka koji hvata vodene bivole" i "čovjeka-bika koji hvata lavove", a u oba slučaja je čovjek između životinja. Središnja figura je "Drvo života" koje se često tumači kao predstavljanje božice.

Sučeljene zmije

Sučeljene zmije česti su motivi u mnogim kulturama od davnina. Često povezana s religioznim ceremonijama i božanstvima, a možda najpoznatija figura popularno poznata od davnina je božanstvo ili kretska svećenica koja prikazuje dvije sučeljene zmije, sa svake strane božice po jedna.

Kloritna posuda s područja današnjeg Bagdada u Iraku prikazana je na ovoj poveznici. Prikazuje tri para sučeljenih životinja. Dvije sučeljene zmije u rukama drži središnja figura; a ispod zmijskog para nalazi se par lavica koje se razilaze (iako okreću glavu okrenute jedna prema drugoj, stražnjice su im sučeljene), ležeći. Treći slični par životinja na ovom predmetu su dva suprotstavljena goveda s čovjekom ili božanstvom. Dva lava i druge životinje prikazana su zdesna.

Narmerova paleta

Narmerova paleta, koja se koristila za miješanje kozmetike u spremniku s jedne strane ima dvije sučeljene mačke, koje se ponekad nazivaju serpopardi (zbog pretjeranih dugih vratova koji nekim znanstvenicima izgledaju zmijski), čineći posudu. Pomno ispitivanje životinja s pretjeranim, dugim vratom podupire da se radi o lavicama. Cijela tema Narmerove paleta je o faraonu nedavno ujedinjenog drevni Egipta, predstavljena u dvije scene. S jedne strane faraon nosi krunu Gornjeg Egipta, a s druge krunu Donjeg Egipta. Dakle, smatra se da lavice sa svojim isprepletenim vratovima predstavljaju dva kraljevstva, nekada odvojena, a sada ujedinjena pod jednim faraonom. Lavica Bast bila je zaštitničko božanstvo jednog kraljevstva, a lavica Sekhmet drugog kraljevstva, jednako važna božanstva u svakom od ranih egipatskih panteona. One su bile zaštitnici faraona u svakom od kraljevstava i ostali su kao božanstva tijekom duge povijesti ujedinjenog Drevnog Egipta. Na kraju su se njihove uloge, međutim, razišle, s tim da je jedno postalo manje zaštitnik ratnika i božanstva ratnika, jer su mu dodijeljene druge uloge. Tipično, mnoga slična božanstva u dva kraljevstva uskoro su se spojila, pa se smatra da je zadržavanje oba rezultat duge i jake tradicije svakog od njih.

Primjeri drugih suočenih životinja postoje na mnogim otkrivenim kozmetičkim paletama Drevnog Egipta. Jedna paleta ima sučeljene nilske konje; druge uključuju žirafe, guske i druge životinje poznate Egipćanima. Bilateralno prikazane palme također su poznate i na paletama.

Lavlja vrata Mikene

Vrata citadele Mikene prikazana su desno. Natkriljuju glavni ulaz u drevni kaštel koji je bio središte kulture, mikenske Grčke, koja je prethodila grčkoj, i poznati je primjer dvije suočene lavice. Među znanstvenicima postoji neslaganje oko toga jesu li to leopardi ili lavice suočeni sa stupcem koji predstavlja božanstvo, ali karakteristični čuperci na kraju repova ipak pomažu odrediti da se radi o lavovima. Mnoge slike božanstava povezanih s lavicama prikazane su s težim grivama nego što je tipično za lavice, ali to je možda bio rezultat pokušaja interpretacije vrste ili nepoznavanja atipičnih dimorfnih razlika unutar ove mačje vrste. George Mylonas vjerovao je da su prikazani lavovi, a ne lavice.

Štapovi starogrčkih vjesnika (kerykeia)
U drevnoj Grčkoj vjesnici koji su imali ulogu privatnih glasnika ili javnih prozivača nazivali su se kerykes. Keryx ima funkcije u političkim, vojnim, sudskim i vjerskim pitanjima. Mogli su se prepoznatu po heraldovom štapu ili kerykeionu, na latinskom caduceus. Štap mu je također pružao zaštitu. Hermes, glasnik bogova, također nosi kerykeion. Ove štapove su često, u državnim prigodama, privatne osobe donirali hramovima. Oni se također nalaze u grobovima vjesnika i pomažu nam odrediti zanimanje pokopane osobe.

Freska etrurske grobnice

Sučeljeni leopardi pojavljuju se u grobnici pronađenoj u Tarkviniji (Tarquinia), ili Tarchna Tarchnalu, glavnom od dvanaest gradova Etrurije, okruga u onome što je opisano kao etrurska civilizacija koja je postojala u Italiji od 1200. pr. Kr do 100. pr. Kr. Pojavljuje se u najranijoj povijesti Rima, kojom je dominirao sve do ranih 330-ih pr. Kr. Ovaj mural sadrži sučeljene leoparde koji štite gozbu u zagrobnom životu. Često su mačke, lavice i leopardi, poput ovih, u zidnim slikama iz ove kulture sučeljeni s drvetom, grmom ili stupom. Smatra se da su se Etruščani migrirali s područja Troje, preko Grčke gdje su asporbirali mnoge kulturne elemente, do Italije gdje su osnovali svoju kulturu u pretpovijesno doba.

Europska umjetnost

U Europi su sučeljene životinje važan motiv u životinjskom stilu ili zoomorfnom ukrasu, insularnoj umjetnosti i romanici. U tim kontekstima između dvije životinje može biti malo ili ništa, a naglasak je na samim parovima. Ljudske se figure često tretiraju na isti način, često se miješaju sa životinjama u ukrasnim shemama - strijelci su bili posebno popularni u romaničkom razdoblju.

Rani anglosaksonski brodski pokop pronađen u suvremenoj Velikoj Britaniji u Sutton Hoou, iz sedmog stoljeća nove ere, sadrži poznate primjere umjetnosti razdoblja migracije. Poklopac torbice iz Sutton Hooa ima tri stilizirana para sučeljenih životinja; dva bočna para, lijevi i desni, identični su i sadrže osobu koja stiska uz sebe 2 životinje. Središnji par sučeljenih životinja ima još složeniju temu.

Suprotstavljene životinje koriste se u insularnoj umjetnosti, čiji stil proizlazi iz mješavine keltske i sjevernoeuropske dizajnerske tradicije. Sučeljene životinje ili životinje isprepletene u vrlo zamršenim uzorcima, često prikazane kako se hvataju jedna za drugu kako bi oblikovale uzorak "hvatajuće zvijeri", glavna su značajka nekih razdoblja vikinške umjetnosti. Životinje su tako isprepletene, rastvorene su u čisti ukras, a jedinke se jedva razabiru. Sučeljene životinje također se često vide u europskoj romaničkoj umjetnosti, na primjer kao ukrasni uzorci u romaničkoj arhitekturi.

Držači štita u heraldici također su primjer sučeljenih životinja, iako ne uvijek par istih životinja.

Azijska umjetnost

Luristanske bronce, anadolski "životinjski" tepisi
Motivi sučeljenih životinja vrlo su česti u azijskoj umjetnosti i tekstilu, uključujući tepihe, diljem Euroazije.

Još uvijek postoji nekoliko primjera posebne vrste orijentalnih tepiha, nazvanih "životinjski tepisi", jer su njihova glavna karakteristika sučeljene životinje. Datirani u 13. – 16. stoljeće, predstavljaju tepihe tkane tijekom prijelaznog razdoblja između kasnog Seldžuka i ranog Osmanskog carstva. Pokazane su paralele između motiva "suprotstavljene životinje" i "kvake" s prostirki od pletenih gomila i Lorestānskih bronci. Riječ je o brončanim artefaktima iz starijeg željeznog doba različitih pojedinačnih oblika koji su pronađeni iz područja Lorestān i Kermanšah u zapadnom središnjem Iranu.

Fragmenti tepiha otkriveni u Konyi i Beyşehiru u Turskoj, te Fustatu u Egiptu datirani su u 13. stoljeće, što odgovara anadolskom selđučkom razdoblju  (1243. – 1302). Na nekim od ovih ulomaka mogu se prepoznati redovi rogatih četveronožaca smještenih jedan nasuprot drugome ili ptica pored drveta.

Tradicionalni kineski motiv, borba između feniksa i zmaja, vidi se na anadolskom tepihu koji je sada izložen u muzeju Pergamon u Berlinu i radiokarbonski datiranom u sredinu 15. stoljeća. Kineski motiv su u islamsku umjetnost vjerojatno uveli Mongoli tijekom trinaestog stoljeća. U švedskoj crkvi Marby pronađen je još jedan životinjski tepih koji prikazuje dva medaljona s dvije ptice pored drveta.

Od 1988. pronađeno je još sedam tepiha životinjskog tipa. Preživjeli su u tibetanskim samostanima, a sklonili su ih redovnici koji su bježali u Nepal tijekom kineske kulturne revolucije. Jedan od tih tepiha kupio je Metropolitanski muzej umjetnosti. što je paralelno sa slikom sienskog umjetnika Gregorija di Cecca: "Djevica", 1423. Prikazuje velike sučeljene životinje, svaka s manjom životinjom u sebi. Gotovo cjelovit životinjski tepih sada se nalazi u Muzeju islamske umjetnosti u Dohi.

"Životinjski tepisi" bili su prikazani i na talijanskim slikama 14. i 15. stoljeća, te tako predstavljaju najranije orijentalne tepihe prikazane na renesansnim slikama.

Umjetnost sjevernoameričkih indijanaca

"Powhatanov plašt" ogrtač je od jelenske kože, koji je izvorno pripadao indijancu visokog socijalnog statusa. Njezin se ukras sastoji od ukrasa od kuglica, koji prikazuju središnju ljudsku figuru s dva uspravna, suprotstavljena četveronošca i okruženi s 34 diska. Dvije životinje sliče jedna na drugu u smislu svog cjelokupnog obrisa, ali repovi i šape im se razlikuju. Lijeva životinja ima dugačak rep i okrugle šape s pet prstiju. Desna životinja ima kraći rep, a noge završavaju papcima. Povijesno se vjerovalo da je ovo umjetničko djelo pripadalo Powhatanu, koji je bio vrhovni poglavaica Tsenacommacaha, saveza Indijanaca iz Virginije koji govore Algonquian jezikom u regiji Tidewater u državi Virginia u vrijeme kad su se engleski doseljenici iskrcali u Jamestown 1607. godine. "Powtatanov plašt" jedan je od najranijih sjevernoameričkih artefakata koje su Europljani sakupili, a da su preživjeli do danas.

Poveznice

 Book of Kells
 Tierwirbel
 Stav (heraldika)
 Gospodar životinja

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Brtva cilindra: sučeljene životinje

 Fotografija - Brtva cilindra - visoki res – Dvije životinje, od kojih svaku drži božanstvo ili svećenik ; Motiv centra: Drvo života
 Fotografija - varijacija suočenih stabala života ; Članak – Jedna je figura okrenuta prema promatraču.
 Nomadska umjetnost istočnoeurazijskih stepa, katalog izložbe Muzeja umjetnosti Metropolitan (u potpunosti dostupan na mreži u PDF obliku), koji sadrži materijal o suočenim životinjama

Sučeljene zmije

 Fotografija - suočene zmije ; Članak
Ikonografija
Stranice s nepregledanim prijevodima

Sučeljene životinje