Niels Henrik David Bohr (; 7 Ekim 1885, Kopenhag – 18 Kasım 1962, Kopenhag), kuantum mekaniği ve atomun yapısının anlaşılması üzerine yaptığı katkılarla tanınan, 1922'de Nobel Fizik Ödülü almış Danimarkalı fizikçi.

Bohr, elektronların enerji seviyelerinin ayrık olduğunu ve elektronların atom çekirdeği etrafında kararlı yörüngelerde döndüğünü, ancak bir enerji seviyesinden (veya yörüngeden) diğerine atlayabileceğini önerdiği Bohr atom modelini geliştirdi. Bohr modelinin yerini başka modeller almış olsa da, altında yatan ilkeler geçerliliğini koruyor. Tamamlayıcılık ilkesini tasarladı: maddelerin bir dalga veya parçacık demeti gibi davranmak gibi çelişkili özellikler açısından ayrı ayrı incelenebileceği. Tamamlayıcılık kavramı, Bohr'un hem bilim hem de felsefedeki düşüncesine egemen oldu.

Bohr, 1920'de açılan ve şimdi Niels Bohr Enstitüsü olarak bilinen Kopenhag Üniversitesi'nde Teorik Fizik Enstitüsü'nü kurdu. Bohr, Hans Kramers, Oskar Klein, George de Hevesy ve Werner Heisenberg gibi fizikçilere akıl hocalığı yaptı ve onlarla birlikte çalıştı. Keşfedildiği yer olan Kopenhag'ın Latince adına göndermeyle hafniyum adı verilen yeni bir zirkonyum benzeri elementin varlığını öngördü. Daha sonra bohriyum elementine onun adı verildi.

1930'larda Bohr, Nazi rejiminden kaçan mültecilere yardım etti. Danimarka Almanlar tarafından işgal edildikten sonra, Alman nükleer silah projesinin başına geçen Heisenberg ile ünlü bir görüşme yaptı. Eylül 1943'te Almanlar tarafından tutuklanacağı haberi Bohr'a ulaştı ve İsveç'e kaçtı. Oradan, British Tube Alloys nükleer silah projesine katıldığı ve Manhattan Projesi'ndeki İngiliz misyonunun bir parçası olduğu İngiltere'ye uçtu. Savaştan sonra Bohr, nükleer enerji konusunda uluslararası işbirliği çağrısında bulundu. CERN'in ve Danimarka Atom Enerjisi Komisyonu Araştırma Kuruluşu Risø'nun kuruluşunda yer aldı ve 1957'de İskandinav Teorik Fizik Enstitüsü'nün ilk başkanı oldu.

İlk yılları
Bohr, Danimarka'nın Kopenhag şehrinde 7 Ekim 1885'te üç çocuklu bir Yahudi ailenin ikincisi olarak doğdu. Kopenhag Üniversitesi'nde fizyoloji profesörü ve zengin bir Yahudi olan Ellen Adler Bohr bankacılık ve parlamenter çevrelerde öne çıkan birisiydi. Ablası Jenny ve küçük bir erkek kardeşi Harald vardı. Jenny bir öğretmen oldu, Harald ise Londra'daki 1908 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nda Danimarka milli takımı için oynayan bir futbolcu ve ek olarak matematikçi oldu. Niels da tutkulu bir futbolcuydu ve iki kardeş Kopenhag merkezli Akademisk Boldklub (Akademik Futbol Kulübü) için Niels ile kaleci olarak birkaç maç oynadı. Son önemli çalışmasını, 1939'da yaptı. Yeni keşfedilmiş olan çekirdek bölünmesinin neden bazı çekirdeklerde olup diğerlerinde olmadığını açıklamak için, bir büyük çekirdek ile bir sıvı damlası arasındaki benzerliği kullanmıştı. II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Bohr, ilk olarak Alman atom projesinde, daha sonra Almanlar tarafından tutuklanacağını Eylül 1943'teki bir mektupla öğrenince New Mexico'daki Los Alamos'ta (ABD) atom bombasının geliştirilmesine katkıda bulundu. Savaştan sonra Kopenhag'a döndü ve burada 1962'de öldü.

Fizik
Eylül 1911'de, Carlsberg Vakfı'ndan bir bursla desteklenen Bohr, İngiltere'ye gitti. O zamanlar, atomların ve moleküllerin yapısı üzerindeki teorik çalışmaların çoğunun yapıldığı yer burasıydı. Cavendish Laboratuvarı ve Trinity College, Cambridge'den J. J. Thomson ile tanıştı. James Jeans ve Joseph Larmor tarafından verilen elektromanyetizma üzerine derslere katıldı ve katot ışınları üzerinde bazı araştırmalar yaptı, ancak Thomson'ı etkilemede başarısız oldu. Avustralyalı William Lawrence Bragg  ve 1911 küçük merkezi çekirdek Rutherford atom modeli Thomson'ın 1904 erikli puding modeline meydan okuyan Yeni Zelandalı Ernest Rutherford gibi genç fizikçilerle daha başarılı oldu.

Bohr, Temmuz 1912'de düğünü için Danimarka'ya döndü ve balayı için İngiltere ve İskoçya'yı gezdi. Dönüşünde, Kopenhag Üniversitesi'nde termodinamik üzerine dersler veren bir özel doktor oldu. Martin Knudsen, Bohr'un adını 1913 Temmuz'unda onaylanan bir doktor için öne sürdü ve Bohr daha sonra tıp öğrencilerine eğitim vermeye başladı.  Daha sonra "üçleme" olarak ünlenen üç makalesi, o yılın Temmuz, Eylül ve Kasım aylarında Philosophical Magazine'de yayınlandı. Rutherford'un nükleer yapısını Max Planck'ın kuantum teorisine uyarladı ve böylece Bohr atom modelini yarattı.

Gezegensel atom modelleri yeni değildi, ancak Bohr'un yaklaşımı öyleydi. Darwin'in, elektronların bir çekirdekle alfa parçacıklarının etkileşimindeki rolüne ilişkin 1912 tarihli makalesini başlangıç noktası olarak alarak, atomun çekirdeği etrafındaki yörüngelerde hareket eden elektronlar teorisini, kimyasal özellikleriyle geliştirdi. her bir element, büyük ölçüde atomlarının dış yörüngelerinde bulunan elektronların sayısı ile belirlenir. Kuantum ayrık enerji yayan süreçte, bir elektronun daha yüksek enerjili bir yörüngeden daha düşük bir yörüngeye düşebileceği fikrini ortaya attı. Bu, şimdi eski kuantum teorisi olarak bilinen şeyin temeli haline geldi.

1885'te Johann Balmer, bir hidrojen atomunun görünür spektral çizgilerini tanımlamak için Balmer serisini ortaya çıkardı:

Burada λ emilen veya yayılan ışığın dalga boyu ve RH Rydberg sabitidir. Balmer'in formülü, ek spektral çizgilerin keşfedilmesiyle doğrulandı, ancak otuz yıl boyunca kimse ne işe yaradığını açıklayamadı. Bohr üçlemesinin ilk makalesinde bunu modelinden türetmeyi başardı:

burada me elektronun kütlesi, e onun yükü, h Planck sabiti ve Z atomun atom numarasıdır (hidrojen için 1).

Modelin ilk engeli, Balmer'in formülüne uymayan çizgiler olan Pickering serisiydi. Bu konuda Alfred Fowler tarafından sorgulanan Bohr, bunlara iyonize helyumun, yalnızca bir elektronlu helyum atomlarının neden olduğunu söyledi. Bohr modelinin bu tür iyonlar için işe yaradığı bulundu. Thomson, Rayleigh ve Hendrik Lorentz gibi birçok eski fizikçi üçlemeyi beğenmedi, ancak Rutherford, David Hilbert, Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, Max Born ve Arnold Sommerfeld gibi genç nesil bunu bir atılım olarak gördü. Üçlemenin kabulü, tamamen diğer modelleri engelleyen fenomeni açıklama ve daha sonra deneylerle doğrulanan sonuçları tahmin etme kabiliyetinden kaynaklanıyordu.

Bohr tıp öğrencilerine ders vermekten hoşlanmıyordu. Rutherford'un kendisine, görev süresi dolan Darwin'in yerine öğretmen olarak iş teklif ettiği Manchester'a dönmeye karar verdi. Bohr kabul etti. Kardeşi Harald ve Hanna Adler teyzesiyle Tirol'de tatil yaparak başladığı Kopenhag Üniversitesi'nden izin aldı. Orada Göttingen Üniversitesi'ni ve Münih Ludwig Maximilian Üniversitesi'ni ziyaret etti ve burada Sommerfeld ile tanıştı ve üçleme üzerine seminerler verdi. Birinci Dünya Savaşı, Tirol'deyken patlak verdi ve Bohr'un daha sonra Margrethe ile Ekim 1914'te geldiği İngiltere'ye yaptığı yolculuğu büyük ölçüde karmaşıklaştırdı. Kopenhag Üniversitesi'nde Teorik Fizik Kürsüsü, özellikle onun için oluşturulmuş bir pozisyondu.

Ödülleri
1922 Nobel Fizik Ödülü
1938 Copley Madalyası
1961 Sonning Ödülü

Ayrıca bakınız
 Bohr-Einstein tartışmaları
 Bohr magnetonu

Kaynakça

1885 doğumlular
Kopenhag doğumlu bilim insanları
1962 yılında ölenler

CERN kişileri
Danimarkalı ateistler
Danimarkalı Nobel Ödülü sahipleri
Danimarkalı fizikçiler
Trinity College'da öğrenim görenler
Rusya Bilimler Akademisi'nin muhabir üyeleri (1917-1925)
SSCB Bilimler Akademisi muhabir üyeleri
İngiltere'deki Danimarkalı gurbetçiler
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki Danimarkalı gurbetçiler
Nükleer fizikçiler
Yahudi asıllı Danimarkalılar
Royal Society'nin yabancı üyeleri
SSCB Bilimler Akademisi'nin şeref üyeleri
Manhattan Projesi kişileri
Prusya Bilim Akademisi üyeleri
Kraliyet Hollanda Bilimler Akademisi üyeleri
Kuantum fizikçileri
Teorik fizikçiler
Max Planck Madalyası sahipleri
Doğu Almanya Bilim Akademisi üyeleri
Danimarka doğumlular
Kopenhag Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
Matteucci Madalyası sahipleri

Niels Bohr


Higsons est un terme pouvant désigner:

, groupe funk-punk anglais
, brasserie de Liverpool, Angleterre

Voir aussi

Higsons


Ciriaco De Mita (İtalyanca telaffuz: [tʃiˈriːako luˈiːdʒi de ˈmiːta]; d. 2 Şubat 1928 – ö. 26 Mayıs 2022) İtalyan siyasetçi. 1988-1989 yılları arasında İtalya başbakanı olarak görev yaptı. Yakın zamanda oğluyla birlikte bir futbol skandalına karışan De Mita 26 Mayıs 2022'de Avellino, Campania, İtalya'da 94 yaşında öldü.

Kaynakça

1928 doğumlular
İtalya başbakanları
İtalya ticaret bakanları
İtalya sanayi bakanları
İtalya dış ticaret bakanları
2022 yılında ölenler

Ciriaco de Mita


Zizilivakan (Ziziliveken, Ziliva, Àmzírív), also known as Fali of Jilbu and Ulan Mazhilvən, is a Chadic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province and neighboring Nigeria. It is one of several in the area that go by the name Fali.

Zizilivékén is spoken in Cameroon by only a few hundred people (Crozier and Blench 1992), near the border with Nigeria. It is spoken west of Guili (Bourrha commune, Mayo-Tsanaga department, Far North Region). It is also spoken in Nigeria around the town of Jilvu. In Cameroon, it is not spoken as much as in Nigeria.

Notes

Biu-Mandara languages
Languages of Cameroon
Languages of Nigeria

Zizilivakan language


Roberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL second team All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards, including the Vezina Trophy as the league's best goaltender (2004, 2007 and 2011), the Lester B. Pearson Award as the top player voted by his peers (2004 and 2007), and the Hart Memorial Trophy as the league's most valuable player (2007). Luongo is second all time in games played as an NHL goaltender (1,044) and fourth all time in wins (489). He employed the butterfly style of goaltending.

Born in Montreal, Quebec, Luongo is of Italian and Irish ancestry. Prior to his NHL career, he played in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) for the Val-d'Or Foreurs and the Acadie-Bathurst Titan, winning back-to-back President's Cups and establishing the league's all-time play-off records in games played and wins. Following his second QMJHL season, Luongo was selected fourth overall by the Islanders in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. After splitting his professional rookie season between the Islanders and their American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Lowell Lock Monsters in 1999–2000, he was traded to the Panthers. In five seasons with Florida, Luongo established team records for most games played, wins and shutouts; despite several strong seasons, however, the Panthers remained a weak team and were unable to qualify for the Stanley Cup playoffs during Luongo's initial stint with the team. During the 2006 off-season, he was traded to the Canucks after failed contract negotiations with the Panthers.

In his first season in Vancouver, Luongo won 47 games, and was runner-up in voting for both the Hart Memorial Trophy (league MVP) and Vezina Trophy (best goaltender). Following his second year with the Canucks, he became the first NHL goaltender to serve as a team captain since Bill Durnan in the 1947–48 season. Luongo served in that capacity for two seasons before resigning from the position in September 2010. In the subsequent 2010–11 season, he helped the Canucks to Game 7 of the Stanley Cup Finals but lost to the Boston Bruins. During his eight-year tenure with Vancouver, Luongo became the team's all-time leader in wins and shutouts. He returned to the Panthers during the 2013–14 season, where he spent the remainder of his career, qualifying for the playoffs with the Panthers only once during that time. He was the last active goaltender to have played in the NHL in the 1990s.

Internationally, Luongo has competed for Team Canada in numerous tournaments. As a junior, he won a silver medal at the 1999 World Junior Championships, while being named Best Goaltender in his second tournament appearance. Luongo won two gold medals at the 2003 and 2004 World Championships and a silver in the 2005 World Championships. He also won the 2004 World Cup championship and appeared in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin as a backup to Martin Brodeur in both instances. He succeeded Brodeur as Canada's starting goaltender during the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, winning a gold medal. On January 7, 2014, he was named to the 2014 Canadian Olympic hockey team, where he won his second Olympic gold medal in a largely backup role to Carey Price.

Early life
Luongo was born to Pasqualina and Antonio Luongo in Montreal, Quebec. His father is an Italian immigrant, born in Santa Paolina, Avellino. He worked in the construction and delivery of furniture, while Luongo's mother, an Irish-Canadian, worked in marketing with Air Canada. Antonio and Pasqualina married in Montreal after Antonio immigrated there in 1976.

Luongo has two younger brothers, Leo and Fabio, who also aspired to be goaltenders. Fabio progressed the further of the two, playing Junior A in the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) with the Williams Lake Timberwolves in 2004–05 before injuries ended his career. He has since become a Junior AAA coach, while Leo is a goaltending coach with HC Lugano. Luongo and his family lived in Saint-Leonard, Quebec, a borough north of Montreal with a strong Italian community, just four blocks away from Martin Brodeur, who became the goaltender for the New Jersey Devils six years before Luongo entered the NHL. Luongo is fluent in English, French and Italian. His father spoke Italian and his mother spoke English with a little French at home.

Luongo graduated from Montreal Francophone high school Antoine de St-Exupéry in 1996. He began playing organized hockey at the age of eight as a forward. His father taught all his sons soccer and Luongo played until he was 14, at which point he decided to concentrate on hockey. Although he initially had the desire to play in net, his parents wanted him to develop his skating first. Several years later, after Luongo was cut from a peewee team, he made the switch to goaltender. At 11 years old, his team's usual goaltender did not show up and after begging his mother, still hesitant about Luongo playing the position, he went in net and posted a shutout. In August 2009, the arena in which Luongo played his minor hockey in St. Leonard was named after him as the Roberto Luongo Arena. It is the second arena in the community to be named after an NHL goalie after the Martin Brodeur Arena was renamed as such in 2000.

By 15, Luongo was playing midget with Montreal-Bourassa, the same team that produced NHL Quebecer goalies Brodeur and Félix Potvin. Luongo has credited Hall of Fame goaltender Grant Fuhr as his inspiration growing up, citing an admiration for his "spectacular glove saves". He had the opportunity to first meet Fuhr before a game against the Calgary Flames during his rookie season with the Islanders.

Playing career

Junior career (1995–1999)
The Val-d'Or Foreurs made Luongo the highest-drafted goaltender in QMJHL history, at second overall, in 1995. He began his junior career in the 1995–96 season with Val-d'Or and posted six wins in 23 games played. As the team's starting goaltender the following season in 1996–97, he improved to a team-record 32 wins, and was awarded the Mike Bossy Trophy as the league's best professional prospect. After his performance at the 1997 CHL Top Prospects Game, opposing coach Don Cherry likened Luongo to Montreal Canadiens' Hockey Hall of Famer Ken Dryden, while NHL Central Scouting Bureau director Frank Bonello heralded him as a "franchise goalie".

At the 1997 NHL Entry Draft, Luongo was selected in the first round, fourth overall, by the New York Islanders. The pick originally belonged to the Toronto Maple Leafs but was traded to the Islanders in exchange for Wendel Clark, Mathieu Schneider and D. J. Smith. At the time of the draft, Luongo was the highest-picked goaltender in NHL history, surpassing Tom Barrasso, John Davidson, and Ray Martynuik's fifth overall selections in 1983, 1973, and 1970 (Luongo's selection was later surpassed by Rick DiPietro's first overall selection by the Islanders in 2000).

Upon his draft, Luongo continued to play junior with the Foreurs in 1997–98. He recorded 27 wins and a 3.09 goals against average (GAA). His seven shutouts tied Nick Sanza's QMJHL record, set in 1974–75 (Adam Russo later tied it as well in 2002–03).

Although the Islanders planned to have Luongo play in the NHL for the 1998–99 season, an inconsistent performance at training camp led to Luongo's return to the QMJHL that season. Owing to having failed to come to terms on a contract before October 1, 1998, Luongo was not allowed to be called up to the Islanders from junior over the course of the subsequent season. He started the season with Val-d'Or but was traded to the Acadie-Bathurst Titan during the 1999 World Junior Championships for the remainder of the 1998–99 season. He went on to lead the Titan to his second consecutive President's Cup championship with a 2.74 GAA in 23 games. He finished his QMJHL playoff career with the all-time league record in games played (56), minutes played (3,264:22), wins (38) and shots faced (1,808).

New York Islanders (1999–2000)
After his performance at the 1999 World Junior Championships, Luongo was signed by the Islanders to a three-year, $2.775 million contract on January 8, 1999. The following season, he made his professional debut with the Lowell Lock Monsters, the Islanders' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate. Early in the season, Luongo was called up to the Islanders on November 22, 1999, after a shoulder injury to back up Wade Flaherty. He made his NHL debut six days later on November 28, stopping 43 shots in a 2–1 win against the Boston Bruins. Luongo's early performances solidified him as the Islanders' starting goalie over veteran Félix Potvin. Nearly a month after Luongo's debut in New York, Potvin was traded to the Vancouver Canucks on December 19 in exchange for backup goaltender Kevin Weekes. The next month, he recorded his first career NHL shutout in his eighth game, stopping 34 shots in a 3–0 victory over the Bruins on December 27.

In January 2000, Luongo was publicly criticized by Islanders general manager Mike Milbury for having gone looking for an apartment in New York on a game day before letting in seven goals to the Boston Bruins. Milbury told the media, "You can't do that in the NHL. You have to prepare yourself." Luongo defended himself by saying he did not divert from his usual game day routine by looking at just one apartment.

In the off-season, the Islanders selected goaltender Rick DiPietro with the first overall pick in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft. DiPietro's selection supplanted Luongo as the highest-drafted goaltender in NHL history and the Islanders' goaltender of the future. Consequently, Milbury traded Luongo to the Florida Panthers along with centre Olli Jokinen for winger Mark Parrish and centre Oleg Kvasha that same day on June 24, 2000. The deal would later be seen to have disproportionately benefited the Panthers, as both Jokinen and Luongo would eventually develop into star players, in contrast to Parrish and Kvasha. Later in his career, Luongo expressed surprise at the trade, saying that before the Islanders drafted DiPietro, he had believed the team was preparing to make him its starting goaltender for the upcoming season.

Florida Panthers (2000–2006)

The Panthers' organization expressed high praise for Luongo following the trade. General manager Bryan Murray characterized him as "a franchise guy", while head coach Terry Murray added "He's the guy teams have to have to win the Stanley Cup." He entered his first training camp with the Panthers competing for the starting role with veteran goaltender Trevor Kidd; coach Terry Murray opted to begin the season with Kidd owing to his experience. Luongo made his first start with the Panthers on October 9, 2000, making 18 saves in a 4–2 loss to the Boston Bruins. When splitting the goaltending duties, Luongo went on to appear in 43 games, in comparison to Kidd's 42. He finished his 2000–01 rookie season (Luongo qualified as a rookie because he had not played in at least 26 games the previous season with New York) by notching a franchise record fifth shutout of the season in a 3–0 win against the New York Rangers on April 7, 2001. The total surpassed John Vanbiesbrouck's four-shutout mark, set in both the 1994–95 and 1997–98 seasons. He posted a 12–24–7 record with the struggling Panthers, who finished 12th in the Eastern Conference, while recording a 2.44 GAA. His .920 save percentage was sixth in the league and second all-time among rookie goaltenders, behind Manny Fernandez's mark set the previous season.

Approaching his third NHL season, Luongo agreed on a four-year contract extension with the Panthers on September 13, 2001. He was chosen to play in the inaugural NHL YoungStars Game in 2002 for Team Melrose, winning 13–7 over Team Fox. After appearing in 58 games in 2001–02, Luongo suffered a torn ligament in his right ankle in a game against the Montreal Canadiens on March 20, 2002. Sidelined for the remainder of the season, he finished with a 16–33–4 record, a 2.77 GAA and .915 save percentage. Luongo returned in 2002–03 to a heavier workload, playing a 65-game season. He had a franchise record-setting shutout streak that lasted 144:51 minutes; it was snapped on January 20, 2003, against the Montreal Canadiens.

In his fourth season with the Panthers (2003–04), Luongo emerged with his first Vezina Trophy and Lester B. Pearson Award nominations as the top goaltender and top player as selected by the players, respectively. Playing in 72 games, he set NHL marks for most saves and shots faced in a single season with 2,303 and 2,475, respectively. Both marks were previously set by former Islanders teammate Félix Potvin in 1996–97 as a Toronto Maple Leaf. His resulting .931 save percentage was first among those goalies with at least 50 starts and set a Panthers franchise record, breaking Vanbiesbrouck's .924 mark, set in 1993–94. His seven shutouts furthered his franchise record and was good enough for fifth in the league. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in February 2004. Competing for the Eastern Conference, he won the Goaltenders Competition segment of the SuperSkills Competition, allowing the fewest goals on goaltender-related events. The following day, he played in the third period of the All-Star Game and helped the East to a 6–4 win against the West. At the end of the season, he was named to the second NHL All-Star team, but lost the Vezina Trophy to fellow Montreal-native Martin Brodeur of the New Jersey Devils, while Martin St. Louis of the Tampa Bay Lightning won the Pearson Award.

Owing to the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Luongo was inactive, with the exception of two international tournaments, the 2004 World Cup and the 2005 World Championships. With the NHL set to resume in 2005–06, Luongo was without a contract. After negotiations failed, the Panthers filed for arbitration on August 11, 2005. The process awarded Luongo a one-year, $3.2 million contract on August 25.

On April 13, 2006, Luongo became the most-wins Panthers goaltender of all time, passing Vanbiesbrouck, with his 107th win with the team – a 5–4 overtime victory against the Ottawa Senators. He went on to post 35 wins, breaking Vanbiesbrouck's 27-win single-season Panthers mark, set in 1996–97. Set to become a free agent for the second consecutive off-season, he could not come to an agreement with the Panthers, having formally turned down a five-year, $30 million contract offer in January 2006. It was also reported that among Luongo's demands were that backup goaltender Jamie McLennan be re-signed, his long-time goaltending coach François Allaire be hired and that a public statement be released that he would not be traded until the no-trade clause of his contract took effect.

Vancouver Canucks (2006–2014)

2006–09
Prior to the start of the 2006–07 season, Panthers general manager Mike Keenan traded Luongo to the Vancouver Canucks on June 23, 2006. He was packaged with defenceman Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth round draft pick (Sergei Shirokov) in exchange for forward Todd Bertuzzi, defenceman Bryan Allen and goaltender Alex Auld. Immediately following the deal, Vancouver signed Luongo to a four-year, $27 million deal. He expressed surprise, claiming that he and the Panthers were very close to a deal the day before the trade.

Luongo's arrival in Vancouver ended a seven-and-a-half-year period of instability for Canucks netminding, with a total of 18 goaltenders having played for the club since Kirk McLean's departure in 1998. General manager Brian Burke had coined the term "goalie graveyard" during his tenure in Vancouver to describe the club's goaltending fortunes.

Luongo recorded a 3–1 win against the Detroit Red Wings in his Canucks debut on October 5, 2006. Later in the month, he notched his first shutout with the Canucks, stopping 32 shots in a 5–0 win over the Chicago Blackhawks on October 25. On January 9, 2007, Luongo was voted in as a starting goaltender for the first time in his career for the Western Conference All-Stars. Six days after the announcement, he was hospitalized after taking a puck to the throat in practice. He spent the night in the intensive care unit for fears his windpipe would swell and become blocked. Discharged from the hospital on game day, Luongo recorded a shutout that night against the Montreal Canadiens on January 16, 2007. During the 2007 NHL All-Star Game in Dallas, Luongo was named the Skills Competition's top goaltender and helped the West to a 12–9 win over the East. Late in the season, Luongo recorded his franchise record-setting 39th win in a 2–1 overtime victory on March 9. He surpassed Kirk McLean's 38-win mark set in 1991–92. He went on to finish with a career-high 47 wins, one shy of league-leader Martin Brodeur, who broke Bernie Parent's thirty-three-year-old NHL record of wins in a season. Luongo and Brodeur are considered, however, to have been given an advantage to Parent with the inauguration of the shootout that season by the NHL, allowing more games to be decided with wins, as opposed to ties.

In addition to his 47 wins, Luongo recorded a 2.29 GAA (which was at that time, a personal best) and a team-record .921 save percentage (surpassing Dan Cloutier's .914 save percentage in 2003–04; later broken by Cory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an NHL record for most saves in a playoff game in his post-season debut. He stopped 72 shots, en route to a 5–4 quadruple overtime victory, one save shy of Kelly Hrudey's 73-save mark set in 1987. Luongo went on to win his first playoff series as the Canucks eliminated the Stars in seven games. They were, however, defeated in the second round by the eventual Stanley Cup champions, the Anaheim Ducks. Luongo put forth a losing 56-save performance in the deciding fifth game against the Ducks. After the game ended in regulation at a 1–1 tie, he missed the first three minutes of the first overtime period to what was first believed to be an equipment malfunction. However, after the series ended, it was revealed that Luongo, instead, had an untimely case of diarrhea. The Canucks lost the game 2–1 in the second overtime when Luongo took his eye off the puck to look at the referee, believing a penalty should have been issued to the Ducks on a play in which Canucks forward Jannik Hansen was hit by Ducks forward Rob Niedermayer. With Luongo not paying attention, Ducks defenceman Scott Niedermayer shot the puck from the point to score the series-winning goal.

At the end of the season, Luongo was nominated for three major NHL awards: the Vezina Trophy, Lester B. Pearson Award and Hart Memorial Trophy as the league MVP. However, Luongo finished second in the voting for all three awards, behind Brodeur for the Vezina and Sidney Crosby of the Pittsburgh Penguins for the Hart and Pearson.

Luongo kept pace statistically with his previous season's work in 2007–08 and continued to set significant marks, including a three-game shutout streak spanning 210:34 in late-November (breaking the Canucks' previous franchise record of 184:20 set by Ken Lockett in 1975). He was voted in as the 2008 NHL All-Star Game's Western Conference starting goalie for the second consecutive season, although he did not attend in order to be with his pregnant wife in Florida.

With the Canucks battling for the Northwest Division title all season long, a losing streak that saw Luongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting.

On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo became only the seventh goaltender in NHL history to be named a captain, and the first since Bill Durnan captained the Montreal Canadiens in 1947–48 (after which the league implemented the rule). In order to account for the league rule, Luongo did not perform any of the on-ice duties reserved for captains and did not wear the captain's "C" on his jersey. Instead he incorporated it into the artwork on the front of one of his masks which he occasionally wore for the early months of the 2008–09 season. Canucks defenceman Willie Mitchell was designated to handle communications with on-ice officials, while defenceman Mattias Öhlund was responsible for ceremonial faceoffs and other such formalities associated with captaincy. Centre Ryan Kesler was chosen along with Mitchell and Öhlund as the third alternate captain.

A month into the 2008–09 season, Luongo began a shutout streak that lasted three games against the Nashville Predators, Phoenix Coyotes, and the Minnesota Wild, akin to the feat he accomplished in the same month of November the previous year. His overall shutout streak was snapped at 242:36 minutes, in a 2–1 shootout loss against the Colorado Avalanche, surpassing the Canucks record he set the previous season. Later that month, on November 22, Luongo left a game versus the Pittsburgh Penguins after suffering an adductor strain in his groin. Initially listed as week-to-week, he attempted what was considered an early comeback within two weeks of the injury, but suffered a setback during a team practice on December 10, leaving early in discomfort. After missing 24 games, Luongo made his return on January 15, 2009, in a 4–1 loss to the Phoenix Coyotes. While injured, Luongo was chosen for the fourth time to the NHL All-Star Game in 2009 as the lone Canucks representative. Despite speculation he would have to miss his second straight All-Star Game, Luongo recovered in time and took part in a 12–11 shootout loss to the Eastern Conference. He finished the season with back-to-back shutouts in the final two games against the Los Angeles Kings and Colorado Avalanche to establish a new career-high of nine shutouts on the season, breaking Dan Cloutier's previous franchise single-season shutout record of seven, set in 2001–02.

Winning their second Northwest Division title in three years, Luongo and the Canucks returned to the playoffs after a one-year absence. During the 2009 playoffs, he led the Canucks to a first round sweep of the St. Louis Blues. The Canucks then faced the Chicago Blackhawks in the second round, which Chicago ultimately won in six games. Luongo was heavily criticized following his performance in the sixth and deciding game, allowing seven goals in the 7–5 loss. In a post-game interview, Luongo told reporters that he "let [his] teammates down". Many in the Vancouver media were quick to suggest trading Luongo, arguing that his large salary could be better spent, while pointing to several successful teams with relatively low-salary goalies. Nevertheless, Luongo was presented at the year-end awards ceremony with the Scotiabank Fan Fav Award, a fan-voted award in its inaugural year for the league's favourite player. Also finishing fourth in Vezina Trophy voting, he missed out on his second nomination in three years by one vote, behind Niklas Bäckström of the Minnesota Wild, Steve Mason of the Columbus Blue Jackets and trophy-winner Tim Thomas of the Boston Bruins.

2009–11
With one season left on his original four-year deal with the Canucks, Luongo and agent Gilles Lupien began contract negotiations with general manager Mike Gillis in the 2009 off-season. At the time of the 2009 NHL Entry Draft, ESPN reported that Luongo and the Canucks had agreed on a long-term extension to be announced on July 1. The report was, however, denied by both Lupien and Gillis. A little over a month later in early August, Gillis told Vancouver sports radio station TEAM 1040 in an interview that he was "philosophically" close to a deal with Luongo to be signed before the upcoming 2009–10 season. That same month, while at Team Canada's summer camp for the 2010 Winter Olympics, Luongo set a September 13 deadline to sign a contract before the Canucks' training camp began, explaining that he "will not be negotiating during the season ... [not wanting] that distraction".

Several days later, on September 2, the Canucks announced that they had signed Luongo to a 12-year contract extension worth $64 million for a $5.33 million annual salary cap hit. The front-loaded deal, which will expire by the time Luongo is 43 and includes a no-trade clause, sees him make $10 million in 2010–11, then approximately $6.7 million annually through to 2017–18, $3.3 million and $1.6 million the subsequent two seasons, before tailing off to $1 million for the final two years. The contract contains two additional clauses to circumvent the no-trade clause that allow Luongo to facilitate a trade after the fifth year and for the Canucks to also facilitate a trade after the seventh year.

Nearly a month into the 2009–10 season, on October 25, 2009, Luongo recorded his 21st shutout as a Canuck (48th career) in a 2–0 win against the Edmonton Oilers, surpassing Kirk McLean as the franchise shutouts leader. The following game against the Detroit Red Wings on October 27, he suffered a rib injury that was revealed the following day to be a hairline fracture. Luongo originally injured his rib two games prior against the Toronto Maple Leafs on October 24 after taking a shot in the chest from Leafs' forward Niklas Hagman. The injury was re-aggravated during the Detroit game during a collision with Red Wings forward Todd Bertuzzi. He returned to the lineup on November 10 after missing six games. On January 7, 2010, Luongo recorded his 50th career shutout in a 4–0 win against the Phoenix Coyotes. Despite recording the second 40-win season of his career, Luongo finished with his worst statistical season as a Canuck, heavily affected by a poor second-half. Pulled seven times in 68 appearances, he recorded a 2.57 GAA and a .913 save percentage. In the subsequent 2010 playoffs, the Canucks defeated the Los Angeles Kings in six games only to be defeated by the Chicago Blackhawks for the second year in a row.

In the off-season, it was speculated by many in the media whether Luongo would remain Vancouver's captain, citing the added pressure of the goaltending position. After the Canucks' 3–1 series deficit in the second round, Luongo ceased to make himself available for pre-game interviews – a customary practice for goaltenders, but not for captains. When asked after the Canucks' elimination whether he thought he should remain team captain, he told reporters he did not think it was an issue. However, Gillis, who appointed him captain two seasons prior, asserted it was a topic to be addressed in the off-season. On September 13, 2010, Luongo confirmed he was stepping down, stating that "Serv[ing] as captain...in a Canadian city for a team with such passionate fans is a privilege and an experience I will always take pride in. I will continue to be a leader on this team and support my teammates the same way I always have while focusing on our ultimate goal." Centre Henrik Sedin, who won the Hart Trophy for the 2009–10 season, was named Luongo's successor in a pre-game ceremony to the Canucks' season-opener.

Also in the off-season, Gillis fired Luongo's goaltending coach Ian Clark and hired Roland Melanson in his place. Luongo had been a personal friend of Clark's and publicly stated being surprised and disappointed with the switch. The decision to hire Melanson was largely precipitated on his willingness to work with Luongo on a full-time basis – something Clark was unable to do. Despite the coaching change at the club level, Luongo retained Clark as his personal coach for his summer training. He began working with Melanson leading up to the 2010–11 season and employed several changes in his playing style, which included playing deeper into his crease instead of challenging shooters.

During the 2010 pre-season, Luongo sustained a groin injury, but recovered in time for the regular season. Midway through the campaign, Luongo was named the NHL's Second Star of the Month for December 2010. He posted an 11–1–2 record with a 2.07 GAA, a .922 save percentage and one shutout. During the month, he started a 21-game regulation unbeaten streak that lasted until a loss against the St. Louis Blues on February 14, 2011. Luongo's record in that span was 16 wins and 5 overtime or shootout losses. Later in the campaign, he recorded his 300th career win against the Los Angeles Kings on March 5, 2011. He became the 6th-youngest goaltender to reach the milestone and the 25th overall. The 2010–11 season constituted a decreased workload for Luongo, as he appeared in 60 games. Team management had asserted at the beginning of the campaign that rookie backup Cory Schneider would be given the opportunity to play in 20 to 25 games. Luongo finished the season with a league-leading 38 wins, along with 22 losses (15 in regulation and 7 in overtime or a shootout). His career-high 2.11 GAA ranked second in the league, behind Tim Thomas' 2.00, and set a Canucks record, surpassing Dan Cloutier's 2.27 GAA, set in 2003–04. While his .928 save percentage improved upon his team-record setting .921 in 2006–07, it was bettered by one-hundredth of a point by Schneider. Together, Luongo and Schneider won the William M. Jennings Trophy for leading the Canucks to the lowest GAA in the league; their combined 2.20 GAA was one-tenth better than the Boston Bruins's second-place goaltending tandem of Tim Thomas and Tuukka Rask. Luongo helped the Canucks to their first Presidents' Trophy in team history with an NHL-best and franchise-record 54 wins and 117 points. His efforts in the regular season earned him his third career Vezina Trophy nomination, alongside the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas and the Nashville Predators' Pekka Rinne.

2011 playoffs
Entering the 2011 playoffs as the first seed in the West, the Canucks were matched against the Blackhawks for the third straight year. After opening the series with three straight wins, the Canucks lost the next three, forcing a seventh game. After he was pulled in favour of Schneider during Games 4 and 5 – having allowed six and four goals, respectively – Luongo started Game 6 on the bench. During the third period, Schneider suffered an injury, forcing Luongo to finish the game. He made 12 saves in relief of Schneider before Blackhawks forward Ben Smith scored in overtime. Although Schneider was available to play for Game 7, Vigneault chose to start Luongo. He made 31 saves in the deciding game, helping the Canucks to a 2–1 overtime win. His efforts included a cross-ice save on a one-timer from forward Patrick Sharp during a Blackhawks powerplay early on in the extra period. Going head-to-head against fellow Vezina Trophy nominee Pekka Rinne and the Nashville Predators in round two, Luongo kept Nashville to 11 goals over 6 games to help the Canucks advance. He maintained his performance in the Conference Finals against the San Jose Sharks, allowing 13 goals over 5 contests, including 54 saves in the fifth and deciding match, a game that went to double overtime. Luongo's efforts helped the Canucks reach the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. He opened the series against the Boston Bruins stopping all 36 shots in a 1–0 win for his third shutout of the post-season. As the series shifted to Boston's TD Garden with a two-games-to-none Canucks lead, Luongo surrendered eight goals in Game 3. The following contest, he was pulled for the third time in the playoffs after allowing 4 goals on 20 shots. Amidst heavy scrutiny from the media and Canucks fans, Luongo recovered for Game 5, stopping all 31 Bruins shots in a 1–0 win. It was his 15th win and 4th shutout of the post-season, tying both of Kirk McLean's single-year playoff team records, previously set in 1994. With an opportunity to clinch the Stanley Cup in Game 6, however, he was pulled again after allowing three goals in less than three minutes in the first period; the game ended in a 5–2 loss. Starting for the deciding seventh game, he allowed 3 goals on 20 shots, including one shorthanded goal, as the Canucks lost 4–0. Luongo had the chance of joining the Triple Gold Club as the first goaltender in this finals series.

2011–2014

Nearly a month and a half into the 2011–12 season, Luongo suffered an upper-body injury that sidelined him for two games. The nature of the injury was unspecified, but was believed to have occurred during a game against the Islanders on November 13, 2011, when he appeared to be in discomfort. Prior to the injury, Luongo was struggling to perform with his statistics near the bottom of the league. Upon recovering, Schneider's play relegated Luongo to backup status for five games. By December, he resumed as the team's starter with improved performance. The following month, Luongo reached two milestones. On January 4, 2012, he became the 23rd goalie in league history to play in his 700th game, a contest in which he recorded a 3–0 shutout against the Wild. With his 212th victory as a Canuck on January 21 (a 4–3 win against the Sharks), he surpassed Kirk McLean as the most-wins goalie in team history. Luongo accomplished the feat in 364 games, 152 less than McLean.

Facing the eighth-seeded Los Angeles Kings in the opening round of the 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs, Luongo started the first two games and played well but his team lost both. Vigneault opted to start Schneider for the rest of the series, in order to give the Canucks some momentum, and Luongo remained on the bench for the remainder of the series as the Kings won four games to one. Dressing as a backup for the Canucks' final three playoff games led many in the media to believe that Luongo would be traded in the off-season, in favour of Schneider, who recorded better regular season and playoff statistics than him in 2011–12. Asked about his role with the Canucks following the defeat, Luongo told reporters that he would waive his no-trade clause if his management asked him to do so. In June 2012, Schneider was signed to a three-year $12 million contract, which made Luongo expendable, but general manager Mike Gillis' efforts to trade Luongo were unsuccessful owing to his $64 million (U.S.), 12-year contract.

In the lockout-shortened 2012–13 NHL season, both goaltenders split the playing duties although Schneider was the number one goalie. Luongo handled his demotion with class and remained supportive of Schneider, soon calling the Canucks "Cory's team." Head coach Alain Vigneault said "Cory is our MVP and one of reasons why we got into playoffs. I've got a lot of faith in him and that's why we're going with him". In the opening playoff round facing the San Jose Sharks, as Schneider had been injured near the end of the regular season, Luongo started the first two games and played well but his team lost both. Luongo came off the bench in game three after Schneider was pulled in the third period. Luongo was the backup in game four as the Canucks lost in overtime, ending his team's postseason in four straight games. Luongo put his penthouse up for sale, as it was accepted that he had played his final game as a Canuck. Although he had nine years left on a 12-year, $64-million contract, which represented a $5.33 million salary cap hit, general manager Mike Gillis remained confident of making a deal in the summer.

Schneider was unexpectedly traded to the New Jersey Devils on June 30, 2013, reinstating Luongo in the starting position for the 2013–14 NHL season. John Tortorella, who had replaced Alain Vigneault as Canucks head coach after the conclusion of the 2012–13 season, chose rookie Eddie Läck to start in goal instead of Luongo in the Heritage Classic against the Ottawa Senators at BC Place. Tortorella's decision was unpopular with the crowd as they booed Läck, while Luongo was also unhappy as he had been looking forward to that game all season.

Return to Florida (2014–2019)

On March 4, 2014, a day before the NHL trade deadline, Luongo was traded back to the Florida Panthers along with prospect Steven Anthony in exchange for goaltender Jacob Markström and centre Shawn Matthias. The Canucks retained part of Luongo's salary. Luongo was seen as key to helping build the Panthers into a strong contender.

During the 2017–18 season, Luongo played in his 1,000th NHL game, becoming just the third goaltender in NHL history to do so, the other two being Patrick Roy and Martin Brodeur. At the conclusion of the regular season, Luongo was the Panthers' nomination for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy and became the franchise all-time leader in games played, wins, and shutouts. On February 10, 2019, Roberto Luongo played in his 1030th career game, passing Roy for second all-time behind Brodeur, who played 1,266 games in his career. With a 4–3 win against the Colorado Avalanche on February 25, Luongo passed Ed Belfour for third-most wins as an NHL goaltender, once again behind Roy and Brodeur. On June 26, 2019, Luongo announced his retirement from professional hockey. The Panthers would then retire his number on March 7, 2020, with Luongo becoming the first player to earn this honor with the franchise.

International career

Luongo made his international debut at the 1995 World U-17 Hockey Challenge in Moncton, New Brunswick, with Team Québec, winning bronze. Three years later, he was named to the Canadian national junior team for the 1998 World Junior Championships in Finland. He played backup to Victoriaville Tigres goaltender Mathieu Garon, going winless in three appearances with a 3.70 GAA, as Canada finished in eighth place. Luongo became the starting goaltender the following year at the 1999 World Junior Championships in Winnipeg, Manitoba, appearing in seven of Canada's eight games. He recorded a shutout in the first game of the tournament against the Czech Republic, making 36 saves in a 0–0 tie. He went on to help Team Canada to the gold medal game against Russia, but lost in overtime, surrendering a goal to Artem Chubarov. With a 1.92 GAA and two shutouts, Luongo was given Best Goaltender and All-Star team honours.

Luongo first appeared with the Canadian men's team at the 2001 World Championships in Germany. He played backup to Fred Brathwaite of the Calgary Flames before injuring his finger during the first game of the qualification round against Switzerland on May 4, 2001.

During his next appearance at the 2003 World Championships in Finland, Luongo began the tournament as backup to the Phoenix Coyotes' Sean Burke. He earned wins against Latvia in the preliminaries and Switzerland in the qualifying round. During the semifinals against the Czech Republic, Luongo replaced Burke after he left the game with a lower-body injury eight minutes into the second period. Luongo allowed four goals in relief, but earned the win as Canada defeated the Czechs 8–4. With Burke still out for the gold medal game, Luongo made 49 saves against Sweden in a 3–2 overtime win. Despite Luongo's medal-round efforts, Burke was named the Best Goaltender for the tournament, as he played in the majority of Team Canada's games. The gold medal-winning 2003 team was later named the Canadian Press national sports team of the year on January 2, 2004.

Luongo made his third appearance at the World Championships in 2004 in the Czech Republic. He played in seven games as the starting goaltender, recording a 2.32 GAA and one shutout, as Canada captured its second straight gold medal at the tournament, beating Sweden 5–3 in the final. Several months later, Luongo competed for Team Canada in the 2004 World Cup as backup to Martin Brodeur of the New Jersey Devils. It marked Luongo's first international tournament in which all NHL players were eligible, as the annual World Championships conflict with the Stanley Cup playoffs. He had another opportunity to step in as the starting goalie when Brodeur pulled out prior to the semi-final game against the Czech Republic due to a sprained wrist. Filling in for Brodeur, Luongo made 37 of 40 stops in a 4–3 overtime victory to put Team Canada into the finals against Finland. Brodeur returned for the championship game to backstop Team Canada to a 3–2 win.

Luongo appeared in his fourth World Championships in 2005. Owing to the 2004–05 NHL lockout, all NHL players were available for the tournament in Austria, and Luongo played backup to Brodeur. He appeared in two games, including a shutout win against Slovenia in the round-robin. Luongo earned a silver medal as Team Canada was shut out by the Czech Republic 3–0 in the final.

Luongo was named to his first Winter Olympics in 2006. The tournament was held in Turin, Italy, his country of cultural origin. He again played behind Brodeur and appeared in two games. He made his Olympic debut in the second game of the round-robin with a 5–1 win against Germany. His second appearance of the tournament was a loss to Finland, also in the round-robin.

Leading up to the 2010 Winter Olympics, to be held in Luongo's NHL hometown of Vancouver, Luongo and Brodeur were considered locks to be named to the national team heading into the summer orientation camp in August 2009 and speculation began as to who would be appointed the starting position. On December 31, 2009, Luongo was selected to Team Canada, along with Brodeur and Marc-André Fleury of the Pittsburgh Penguins as the three goaltenders. Luongo was given the start for the first game against Norway. He recorded his first Olympic shutout, making 15 saves in an 8–0 win to open the tournament. After Brodeur surrendered four goals in a 5–3 loss to the United States in their final preliminary game, Luongo replaced him as the starting goalie. He helped Canada to four consecutive single-elimination game wins against Germany, Russia, Slovakia and the United States to capture the gold medal. During the semifinal against Slovakia, Luongo made a game-saving stop against Canucks teammate Pavol Demitra with nine seconds to go in regulation. With Slovakia's goaltender pulled and down by a goal, the puck bounced to Demitra by the side of the net. Out of position, Luongo managed to get his glove on the puck, deflecting it away from the net and preserving the win. In the subsequent gold medal game, Luongo made 34 saves in Canada's overtime win against the United States.

The following month, Luongo carried the torch into Robson Square in Downtown Vancouver for the 2010 Paralympics on March 11, 2010.

Four years later, Luongo was selected to Team Canada for his third straight Olympics. Heading into the Sochi Games as the incumbent starter, there was much debate among the media as to whether he or Montreal Canadiens goaltender Carey Price would play most of Canada's games.

Playing style

Luongo played in the butterfly style of goaltending, dropping to his knees with his skates pointing outwards and his pads meeting in the middle in order to cover the bottom portion of the net. Owing to the style of play, groin injuries are common for butterfly goalies. Luongo suffered one during the 2008–09 season and missed 24 games.

An athletic goaltender, Luongo was known for having quick reflexes, particularly with his glove. One of Luongo's early goaltending coaches, François Allaire, remembered Luongo to have had the "best catching glove [he'd] ever seen in a kid" when he first came to his goaltending school in Sainte-Thérèse-de-Gaspé, Québec, at the age of 14. Allaire is known to be a strong proponent of the butterfly style. At 6 feet and 3 inches, Luongo was able to cover a lot of net with his size. Observers also noted the strong concentration, competitiveness and mental aspects of his game. On the other hand, his puck-handling skills have been described as a weakness.

His style began to be directed during his midget years with Allaire and Montreal-Bourassa goaltending coach Mario Baril. Luongo sent tapes of his play to Allaire during his rookie season in the QMJHL and his former goaltending coach advised him to be more aggressive and come out of the net more to cut off angles and challenge shooters. Later in his NHL career, the Canucks hired a new goaltending coach, Roland Melanson, prior to the 2010–11 season. Working with Melanson, Luongo began playing deeper in his crease against Allaire's original advice, allowing him to maintain positioning for rebounds.

Vancouver Canucks head coach Alain Vigneault said that Luongo played best with more playing time over the length of the season. Throughout his career, he garnered lots of playing time, including four consecutive 70-game seasons from 2003–04 to 2007–08 between the Florida Panthers and Canucks. He was known to suffer from slow starts to the season, usually in the first month of October. In his first three Octobers with the Canucks, Luongo posted a combined 10–13–0 record and a .899 save percentage – numbers that were well below his career pace.

Luongo received the Mark Messier Leadership Award in his first season with the Canucks for the month of March 2007. Prior to his third season with Vancouver, he was named Markus Näslund's successor as team captain and the first goaltender to be named a captain in 59 years. Teammate Mattias Öhlund, who served as alternate captain to Luongo for one season, described him as a vocal leader, while Luongo has also identified that quality in himself. General manager Mike Gillis described his commitment level as "unprecedented", adding that "he'd be a great example for our younger guys", at the time of the captaincy announcement. He served in that capacity for two seasons before relinquishing the captaincy prior to the 2010–11 season.

Post-playing career
On February 3, 2021, it was announced that Luongo would serve as Assistant GM for Hockey Canada to build a team for the 2022 Winter Olympics.

On June 28, 2022, Luongo was announced as part of the 2022 class of inductees for the Hockey Hall of Fame.

Personal life
While playing with the Florida Panthers, Luongo met his wife, Gina (née Cerbone), at a team hangout called the Pizza Time Trattoria. Gina is the daughter of the Italian restaurant owner, Umberto Cerbone, who is originally from Naples, while Gina's mother is from Palermo. Luongo proposed to Gina under the Bridge of Sighs in Venice in 2004.  They lived in Broward County, Florida, during his tenure with the Panthers. However within a month of moving into a new home in Florida, Luongo was traded to Vancouver. They subsequently moved into the Vancouver neighbourhood of Yaletown, while spending Luongo's off-seasons in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Luongo had been chosen as a starting goaltender for the 2008 NHL All-Star Game, but he chose not to attend in order to be with Gina, who was pregnant at the time and had returned to Florida. Their daughter was born on March 27, 2008. On December 27, 2010, Gina gave birth to the couple's son.

Luongo is involved with several charities. Like many Canucks players, he spent time with Canuck Place, a children's hospice in Vancouver. He also sponsored a spectator's box in Rogers Arena that was reserved for underprivileged children to attend Canucks games. At the end of games in which he was named one of the three stars, he was known to give away his goalie stick to a fan in the crowd. In the summer of 2009, he hosted the Roberto Luongo Golf Open to benefit Montreal Children's Hospital, Sainte-Justine Hospital, and a seniors centre network in Saint-Léonard. After the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, Luongo, who lives in Parkland, gave a pre-game speech acknowledging the victims of the shooting and calling for action against mass shootings.

In addition to being an avid golfer, Luongo also enjoys playing poker.

In September 2011, Luongo was inducted into the Italian Walk of Fame in Toronto, Ontario. He was inducted into the Florida Sports Hall of Fame in 2021.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and achievements

QMJHL

NHL

*Named as starter but did not play.

International

Vancouver Canucks

Records

Val-d'Or Foreurs
 Most wins in a season – 32 in 1996–97

QMJHL
 Most shutouts in a season – 7 in 1997–98 (tied with Nick Sanza, 1974–75; Adam Russo, 2002–03; Kevin Poulin, 2009–10)
 Most wins in a single playoffs – 16 in 1999 (tied with Michel Morisette, 1982; Éric Fichaud, 1994; Eric Lafrance, 2003; Jonathan Bernier, 2007; Ryan Mior, 2008; Nicola Riopel, 2010)
 Most games played all-time, playoffs – 56 from 1995–99 (surpassed Marc Denis, 43 games played, 1994–97)
 Most minutes played all-time, playoffs – 3,264:22 from 1995 to 1999 (surpassed Marc Denis, 2,518:07, 1994–97)
 Most wins all-time, playoffs – 38 from 1995 to 1999 (surpassed Robert Desjardins, 30, 1984–87)
 Most shots faced all-time, playoffs – 1,808 from 1995 to 1999 (surpassed Manny Fernandez, 1,351, 1991–94)

NHL
 Most saves in a single season – 2,303 in 2003–04 (surpassed Félix Potvin, 2,214 in 1996–97)
 Most shots faced in a single season – 2,488 in 2005–06 (surpassed himself, 2,475 in 2003–04)
 Most shots faced in a single playoff game – 76 on April 11, 2007
 Most home games played in a single season – 41 in 2006–07
 Most regular season overtime wins, all-time – 49 (as of 2008–09)

Florida Panthers
 Longest shutout streak – 144:51 minutes in 2002–03
 Most shutouts in a season – 7 in 2003–04 (surpassed himself, six shutouts in 2002–03; tied with Tomáš Vokoun, 2009–10)
 Most wins in a season – 35 in 2005–06 (surpassed John Vanbiesbrouck, 27 wins in 1996–97)
 Most games played in a season – 75 in 2005–06 (surpassed himself, 72 games played in 2003–04)
 Most games played all-time – 318
 Most wins all-time – 108 (surpassed John Vanbiesbrouck, 106 wins)
 Most shutouts all-time – 26 (surpassed John Vanbiesbrouck, 13 shutouts)

Vancouver Canucks
 Most saves in a single game – 72 on April 11, 2007
 Longest shutout streak – 242:36 minutes (2008–09) (surpassed himself, 184:20 minutes in 2007–08)
 Most wins in a season – 47 in 2006–07 (surpassed Kirk McLean, 38 in 1991–92)
 Most games played in a season – 75 in 2006–07 (surpassed Gary Smith, 72 in 1974–75)
 Most shutouts in a season – 9 in 2008–09 (surpassed Dan Cloutier – 7 in 2001–02)
 Lowest GAA in a season – 2.11 in 2010–11 (surpassed Dan Cloutier – 2.27 in 2003–04)
 Most shutouts all-time – 33 (surpassed Kirk McLean, 20)
 Most wins all-time – 224 (after end of 2011–2012 season; surpassed Kirk McLean, 211)

Transactions
 June 21, 1997 – Selected by the New York Islanders in the first round, fourth overall, in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft.
 January 8, 1999 – Signed by the New York Islanders to a three-year, $2.775 million contract.
 June 24, 2001 – Traded to the Florida Panthers along with Olli Jokinen in exchange for Mark Parrish and Oleg Kvasha.
 August 25, 2005 – Granted a one-year, $3.2 million contract with the Florida Panthers by arbitration.
 June 23, 2006 – Traded to the Vancouver Canucks along with Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round selection in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft (Sergei Shirokov) in exchange for Todd Bertuzzi, Bryan Allen, and Alex Auld.
 June 29, 2006 – Signed a four-year, $27 million contract with the Vancouver Canucks.
 September 2, 2009 – Signed a 12-year, $64 million contract extension with the Vancouver Canucks.
 March 4, 2014 – Traded back to the Florida Panthers along with Steven Anthony in exchange for goalie Jacob Markstrom and forward Shawn Matthias.

Notes

References

External links

 Roberto Luongo at Hockey Canada
 Roberto Luongo at HockeyGoalies.org

1979 births
Living people
Acadie–Bathurst Titan players
Anglophone Quebec people
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Canadian people of Irish descent
Canadian sportspeople of Italian descent
Florida Panthers players
Ice hockey people from Montreal
People from Saint-Leonard, Quebec
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Louisville Panthers players
Lowell Lock Monsters players
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
National Hockey League All-Stars
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
National Hockey League goaltender captains
New York Islanders draft picks
New York Islanders players
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic ice hockey players for Canada
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Val-d'Or Foreurs players
Vancouver Canucks captains
Vancouver Canucks players
William M. Jennings Trophy winners

Roberto Luongo


The Law Society of Ontario (LSO; ) is the law society responsible for the self-regulation of lawyers and paralegals in the Canadian province of Ontario. Founded in 1797 as the Law Society of Upper Canada (LSUC; ), its name was changed by statute in 2018.

History

The Law Society of Upper Canada was established in 1797 to regulate the legal profession in the British colony of Upper Canada and is the oldest self-governing body in North America. The Society governed the legal profession in the coterminous Canada West from 1841 to 1867, and in Ontario since Confederation in 1867.

The Law Society was authorized, although not created, by the Act for the better regulating of the practice of the law, a 1797 statute. Section 1 of the act simply authorized those at the time "admitted in the law and practising at the bar" in the province to form themselves into a "society". The 1797 statute allowed the Law Society to impose requirements for admission to the bar of Upper Canada and to test applicants against these standards.

That statute made no express provisions for any other people to become members of the Law Society: but the power to admit others than the existing practitioners was considered to be implied by section 5. Section 5 provided that "no person other than the present practitioners ... shall be permitted to practise at the bar of any of His Majesty's courts in this province, unless such person shall have been previously entered of and admitted into the said society as a student of the laws ... and shall have been duly called and admitted to the practice of the aw as a barrister, according to the constitutions and establishment thereof". Incorporation of the Society occurred in 1822.

On July 17, 1797, at Wilson's Hotel in Newark, Ontario (now Niagara-on-the-Lake), a group of lawyers, including John White, Robert Isaac Dey Gray, and Bartholomew Crannell Beardsley, inaugurated the Law Society pursuant to the 1797 act.

The Law Society's first home was at Wilson's Hotel, then from 1799 to 1832 at various temporary locations at York (Toronto) until Osgoode Hall was built in 1832. The Law Society continued to retain its original name, even though Upper Canada ceased to exist as a political entity in 1841. Throughout the early 1800s, the Law Society imposed increasingly onerous requirements on potential Upper Canadian lawyers, at one point requiring students-at-law to live at Osgoode Hall while they completed their legal studies. Historian Paul Romney argues such licensing requirements enhanced the legal profession's "prestige" in the young colony, as compared to its position in other North American colonies or the United States.

The Law Society was reformed by statute in 1970, under the Law Society Act, 1970. That statute defined the Society as "a corporation without share capital composed of the Treasurer, the benchers, and other members from time to time". Many of the reforms in the 1971 act were inspired by the McRuer report, officially the Report of the Royal Commission Inquiry into Civil Rights (1968), a wide-ranging set of law reform recommendations for Ontario developed under the leadership of James Chalmers McRuer.

On October 27, 1994, the Law Society adopted a "role statement" holding that it "exists to govern the legal profession in the public interest" and has the "purpose of advancing the cause of justice".

The Law Society faced calls to change the name Upper Canada. Benchers voted to drop the name and replace it with a new one. On November 2, 2017, the Society's governing body (Convocation) chose "Law Society of Ontario" as the new name. The name change was made official on May 8, 2018, following amendments to the Law Society Act as part of the 2018 provincial budget implementation bill.

In 2017, the Law Society enacted a requirement that licensees acknowledge an "obligation to promote equality, diversity and inclusion", referred to as a "statement of principles". The requirement was phased in over several months in late 2017. Following a public campaign called "StopSOP", under which a number of benchers were elected who pledged to repeal the requirement, the requirement was repealed in September 2019. Some StopSOP advocates argued that the measure was an example of compelled speech, while opponents argued that acknowledging equal rights was essential.

Oversight

The Law Society regulates the more than 50,000 lawyers in Ontario. It is responsible for ensuring that lawyers are both ethical and competent. The Society has the power to set standards for admission into the profession. It is empowered to discipline lawyers who violate those standards. Available sanctions range from admonitions to disbarment. It is based in Toronto, at Osgoode Hall.

Beginning in 1970, pursuant to the Law Society Act, 1970, the Law Society has required that potential licensees demonstrate "good character".

Paralegals
Effective May 1, 2007, as a result of amendments to Ontario's Law Society Act, the Law Society regulates more than 8,000 paralegal licensees in Ontario. Paralegals are licensed to provide limited legal services, such as providing representation before provincial tribunals.

Tribunal decisions
The Law Society Tribunal is an independent adjudicative tribunal within the Law Society of Ontario that processes, hears and decides regulatory cases about Ontario lawyers and paralegals. It began operations on March 12, 2014.

Effective November 16, 2020, Malcolm M. Mercer became the chair of the Law Society Tribunal.

Treasurer

The Law Society is headed by a treasurer. He or she is elected by the benchers, who comprise "Convocation" – in effect, the Society's board of directors, as the Society is an Ontario Corporation without share capital. All lawyer-benchers are elected by the Society's members, and eight lay benchers are appointed by the provincial government.

The current Treasurer is Jacqueline Horvat (elected on June 15, 2022), and the current CEO of the Law Society is Diana Miles.

Arms

See also

 CCH Canadian Ltd v Law Society of Upper Canada
 Federation of Law Societies of Canada

References

Sources

External links

Ontario
Legal organizations based in Ontario
1797 establishments in Upper Canada

Legal ethics
Organizations established in 1797
Ontario

Law Society of Ontario


Snakecharmer' er det sjette studiealbum af den danske rockgruppe Sort Sol, der udkom den 1. april 2001 på Mercury Records. Det er gruppens første album på Universal Music efter at have udgivet to album på Sony Music. Snakecharmer var det sidste album med bassist Knud Odde, der forlod Sort Sol i slutningen af 2001.Snakecharmer indeholder en duet med den norske sangerinde Sissel Kyrkjebø på nummeret "Ella Rising", der også blev udsendt som single. Albummet er ifølge Gaffa Sort Sols "mindst støjende og mest melodiske nogensinde". Guitarist Lars Top-Galia har beskrevet albummet som en "plade med sangene og det melodiøse i højsædet", mens han har sagt om forsanger Steen Jørgensens vokal: "Der er en ny inderlighed og kraft i Steens stemme denne gang".Snakecharmer'' debuterede på førstepladsen af hitlisten, og modtog guld. Det endte med at sælge 31.487 eksemplarer i 2001, og var dermed det 20. mest solgte album i Danmark dette år. Sort Sol blev i 2002 nomineret til fire priser ved Danish Music Awards; Årets danske album, Årets danske gruppe, Årets danske hit ("Rhinestone"), og Årets danske rockudgivelse. Steen Jørgensen blev ligeledes nomineret til Årets danske sanger.

Spor

Hitlister og certificering

Ugentlige hitlister

Årslister

Certificeringer

Kilder

Album fra 2001
Sort Sol-album

Snakecharmer


Heimari Dalur ("hjemmedalen") er en dal på Eysturoy i Færøerne. Den ligger mellem bygden Fuglafjørður og den i 1980 grundlagte udflytterbygd Kambsdalur. Den er omgivet af fjorden mod øst, fjeldene Kambur i syd, Breiðáskarð mod vest og Gjógvaráfjall mod nord.

Fuglafjørðurs dale

Østdalene
 Ytri Dalur (også kaldet Kambsdalur)
 Heimari Dalur (også Breiðádalur)
 Innari Dalur (også Jøkladalur)

Vestdalene
 Halgadalur
 Góðidalur

Norddalene
 Flatirnar
 Hjarðardalur

Referencer

Heimsatlas. Føroya Skúalbókagrunnur, Tórshavn, 1993. s. 6-7

Bjerge i Færøerne
Eysturoy

Heimari Dalur


Acestă listă este clasamentul pe medalii la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 1994, cu toate țările care au cucerit medalii la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 1994 de la Lillehammer din perioada 12–27 februarie, la care au participat 1.737 sportivi din 67 de țări.

Tabelul medaliilor
Ordinea țărilor din acest tabel este în conformitate cu regulile oficiale publicate în convenția COI și cu informațiile oferite de către Comitetul Olimpic Internațional. Așadar, primele țări sunt luate în ordinea numărului de medalii de aur. Apoi, sunt luate în considerare medaliile de argint, iar mai apoi cele de bronz. Dacă scorul este egal, țările sunt ordonate alfabetic.

Pentru a sorta acest tabel după o anumită coloană, apăsați pe iconița  de lângă titlul coloanei.
Legendă
 Țara gazdă

Referințe
  1994 Lillehammer Winter Games  pe Sports Reference

Clasamentul pe medalii
1994

Clasamentul pe medalii la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 1994


Kirschey ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Alfons Kirschey (1922–1999), deutscher Bankmanager
 Astrid Kirschey (* 1964), deutsche Fotografin
 Helmut Kirschey (1913–2003), deutscher Anarchist und Widerstandskämpfer
 Ingrid Kirschey-Feix (* 1950), deutsche Autorin, Journalistin, Lektorin und Publizistin
 Walter Kirschey (1908–1978), kommunistischer Widerstandskämpfer, Generalkonsul in Wrocław
 Wilhelm Kirschey (1906–2006), kommunistischer Widerstandskämpfer, Verlagsleiter, Politiker und Diplomat

Kirschey


Njemačka nacionalna knjižnica (njem. Deutsche Nationalbibliothek - DNB, rjeđe Die Deutsche Bibliothek (DDB)) središnja je ustanova za pismohranu svih medijskih radova na njemačkom jeziku njemačkog naroda u Njemačkoj i inozemstvu. Sastoji se od tri ustanove: Njemačke knjižnice i Njemačkog glazbenog arhiva u Leipzigu i Njemačke knjižnice u Frankfurtu na Majni. Naslov nacionalne knjižnice nosi od 1913. godine.

Najveća je i građom najbogatija knjižnica njemačkog govornog područja. S više od 32 milijuna primjeraka građe ubraja se među građom najbogatije svjetske knjižnice.

Popularna kultura
O stotoj obljetnici rada knjižnice 2012. godine snimljen je dokumentarni film Der Bücherturm – 100 Jahre Deutsche Nationalbibliothek u režiji Renéa Römera.

Izvori

Nacionalne knjižnice
Njemačka kultura

Njemačka nacionalna knjižnica


Neumühle ist ein Gemeindeteil der Gemeinde Langfurth im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Die Einöde liegt am Leitenbach, der 300 Meter weiter südlich als linker Zufluss in die Sulzach mündet. Unmittelbar nördlich des Ortes liegen die Neumühleweiher. Im Nordwesten befindet sich das Angerholz. Die Staatsstraße 2220 führt nach Matzmannsdorf (3 km nordöstlich) bzw. zur Witzmannsmühle (1,1 km südwestlich).

Geschichte
Die Fraisch über die Neumühle wurde sowohl vom ansbachischen Oberamt Feuchtwangen als auch der Reichsstadt Dinkelsbühl beansprucht. Grundherr war die Reichsstadt Dinkelsbühl. An diesen Verhältnissen änderte sich bis zum Ende des Alten Reiches nichts.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt wurde Neumühle 1809 dem Steuerdistrikt und der Ruralgemeinde Dentlein (Landgericht Feuchtwangen) zugeordnet. 1813 wurde sie an das Landgericht Wassertrüdingen abgegeben und dem Steuerdistrikt und Ruralgemeinde Oberkemmathen (1968 in Langfurth umbenannt) zugewiesen.

Ehemaliges Baudenkmal
 Ein Vorgängerbau der ehemaligen Mühle wurde als Walkmühle kurz vor 1535 errichtet. Der Nachfolgebau war ein zweigeschossiges Wohn- und Mühlengebäude als massiver Putzbau vermutlich von 1794. Traufseitig befanden sich sechs Erdgeschossfenster. Über dem Stichbogeneingang war ein Sandsteinrelief: Mühlrad von Löwen gehalten mit "1794" bezeichnet.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Peter (Ammelbruch) gepfarrt. Die Katholiken sind nach St. Peter und Paul (Halsbach) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Langfurth)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Wassermühle im Landkreis Ansbach
Einzelsiedlung
Mühle in Europa

Neumühle (Langfurth)


Ayşe Sineperver Sultan, (1761 - 11 Aralık 1828). I. Abdülhamid'in 1776'da evlendiği Onbirinci eşi (1761 - 11 Aralık 1828), Osmanlı padişahı IV. Mustafa'nın öz annesi, Esma Sultan'ın annesidir. 29 Mayıs 1807'ten itibaren ise IV. Mustafa'nın tahta çıkması ile Valide Sultan olmuştur.

Hayatı
18. yüzyılda cariyeler genelde Kafkasya'dan getirildiği için Gürcü veya Çerkes asıllı olduğu tahmin edilir. Oğlu IV. Mustafa'nın kısa saltanatı sırasında 29 Mayıs 1807-17 Kasım 1808 tarihleri arasında Valide Sultan oldu. Fatih'te, kendi adını taşıyan bir çeşme yaptırdı. Oğlunun öldürülmesinden sonra 20 sene daha yaşadı ve 11 Aralık 1828 tarihinde öldü. Eyüp Sultan Camii Şadırvan avlusundaki hazireye defnedilmiştir.

Galeri

Kaynakça

1761 doğumlular
1828 yılında ölenler
Osmanlı padişah eşleri
Valide sultanlar
Eyüpsultan Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
İstanbul doğumlular
İstanbul'da ölenler

Ayşe Sineperver Sultan


Santa María Chí es una subcomisaría del municipio de Mérida en el estado de Yucatán, localizado en el sureste de México.

Toponimia
El nombre (Santa María Kuché) hace referencia a María de Nazaret, y chí en idioma maya significa 'boca' o 'árbol de nance (nache)' (Byrsonima crassifolia).

Localización
Santa María Yaxché se encuentra localizada a 21km al oriente del centro de la ciudad de Mérida.

Infraestructura
Entre la infraestructura con la que cuenta:
Una iglesia.
Un kínder.
Una escuela primaria.
Una casa comisarial
Una cancha.
Un parque infantil.
Un campo de béisbol.
Un campo de fútbol.
Una exhacienda.

Las haciendas en Yucatán
Las haciendas en Yucatán fueron organizaciones agrarias que surgieron a finales del siglo XVII y en el curso del siglo XVIII a diferencia de lo que ocurrió en el resto de México y en casi toda la América hispana, en que estas fincas se establecieron casi inmediatamente después de la conquista y durante el sigloXVII. En Yucatán, por razones geográficas, ecológicas y económicas, particularmente la calidad del suelo y la falta de agua para regar, tuvieron una aparición tardía.

Una de las regiones de Yucatán en donde se establecieron primero haciendas maiceras y después henequeneras, fue la colindante y cercana con Mérida. A lo largo de los caminos principales como en el "camino real" entre Campeche y Mérida, también se ubicaron estas unidades productivas. Fue el caso de los latifundios de Yaxcopoil, Xtepén, Uayalceh, Temozón, Itzincab y San Antonio Sodzil.

Ya en el siglo XIX, durante y después la llamada Guerra de Castas, se establecieron las haciendas henequeneras en una escala más amplia en todo Yucatán, particularmente en la región centro norte, cuyas tierras tienen vocación para el cultivo del henequén.

En el caso de Santa María Chi, al igual que la mayoría de las otras haciendas, dejaron de serlo, con peones para el cultivo de henequén, para convertirse en un ejido, es decir, en una unidad colectiva autónoma, con derecho comunitario de propiedad de la tierra, a partir del año 1937, después de los decretos que establecieron la reforma agraria en Yucatán, promulgados por el presidente Lázaro Cárdenas del Río. El casco de la hacienda permaneció como propiedad privada.

Datos históricos
 El 2 de agosto de 1932 por decreto #503 pasa del municipio de Conkal al de Mérida.

Importancia histórica
Tuvo su esplendor durante la época del auge henequenero y emitió fichas de hacienda las cuales por su diseño son de interés para los numismáticos.

Demografía
Según el censo de 2005 realizado por el INEGI, la población de la localidad era de 328 habitantes, de los cuales 183 eran hombres y 145 eran mujeres.

Galería

Véase también
 Fichas de haciendas mexicanas

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Comisarías y subcomisarías de Mérida.

Localidades del municipio de Mérida (Yucatán)
Toponimia maya
Haciendas de Yucatán
Haciendas de México que emitieron fichas de pago

Santa María Chi


El mito de Orfeo está ligado desde el principio al elemento musical. En época moderna la historia del músico solitario, capaz de comunicar a través del sonido de su lira con los animales de la tierra y las criaturas de ultratumba, ha sido objeto de innumerables versiones musicales.

Sobre la historia del amor con la ninfa Eurídice se basa el libreto de la primera ópera: Eurídice de Ottavio Rinuccini (1600); pero el tema tuvo gran fortuna durante toda la fase inicial de la historia de la ópera, sea por el ligamen entre el nuevo género teatral y el drama pastoral, sea porque la presencia de un músico como protagonista podía satisfacer el principio de verosimilitus.

El tema se puso de moda en el teatro musical del , gracias al Orfeo ed Euridice de Gluck, primera de las óperas de la reforma gluckiana. En el intento de devolver el melodrama a sus orígenes ideales, recuperando una relación equilibrada entre la música y el drama, Gluck y el libretista Calzabigi recurrieron no por casualidad al mito de Orfeo.

Igualmente es significativo que recurriera a este tema Ígor Stravinski, para uno de los trabajos más importantes de su período neoclásico.

La fortuna musical de la fábula de Orfeo tuvo su fase de eclipse en el , revisada solamente en el teatro por Jacques Offenbach, en clave de parodia.

Eurídice (Rinuccini - 1600)

Eurídice - Fábula dramática de Ottavio Rinuccini, musicada en primera lugar por Jacopo Peri (Palacio Pitti, Florencia, 6 de octubre de 1600) y luego por Giulio Caccini (Palacio Pitti, Florencia, 5 de diciembre de 1602).

Está considerada la primera ópera lírica en sentido estricto, cuyo libreto ha sido musicado íntegramente.

L'Orfeo (Monteverdi - 1607)
L'Orfeo - Fábula en música de Claudio Monteverdi sobre libreto de Alessandro Striggio.

La ópera es tomada de la Fábula de Orfeo de Poliziano. Se compone de un prólogo ("Prosopoea della musica") y cinco actos. Fue representada por primera vez el 24 de febrero del año 1607 en el palacio ducal de Mantua.

Orfeo dolente (Belli - 1616)
Orfeo dolente - Obra musical de Domenico Belli.

La composición - subdividida en cinco intermedios - fue estrenada en el Palacio Gherardesca de Florencia, habitación de Ugo Rinaldi, en el carnaval del año 1616.

La morte di Orfeo (Landi - 1619)
La morte di Orfeo - Tragicomedia pastoral en cinco actos de Stefano Landi sobre libreto de Alessandro Mattei.

Se estrenó el 1 de junio de 1619 en Roma.

Orfeus and Euridice (Schütz - 1638)
Orfeus and Euridice - Ópera ballet de Heinrich Schütz.

Se estrenó en Dresde el 20 de noviembre de 1638.

Orfeo (Rossi - 1647)
Orfeo - Obra musical de Luigi Rossi (1647).

Presentada en el Palacio Real de París bajo los auspicios del cardenal Mazarino, fue una de las primeras óperas italianas representadas en Francia. El espectáculo duró seis horas, entremezclado con extraños y heterogéneos ballets, según el gusto del teatro francés de la época.

Orfeo (Lully - 1690)
Orfeo - Obra musical de Jean-Baptiste Lully y Louis Lully.

Jean-Baptiste intervino en la ópera de su hermano Louis, que no fue oficialmente el autor.
La ópera se representó en París el 8 de abril de 1690, pero no tuvo éxito.

Orfeo ed Euridice (Gluck - 1762)
Orfeo ed Euridice - Obra musical de Christoph Willibald Gluck sobrelibreto de Ranieri de' Calzabigi.

La ópera nace del encuentro entre el escritor y el músico en Viena, en el año 1761, donde fue representada en el Burgtheater el 5 de octubre de 1762.

Orfeo ed Euridice (Deller - 1763)
Orfeo ed Euridice - Ballet de Florian Johann Deller escrito según las nuevas teorías mímico-dramáticas del coreógrafo francés Jean-Georges Noverre (1763).

Orfeo ed Euridice (Naumann - 1786)
Orfeo ed Euridice (Orpheus og Eurydike) - Obra lírica de Johann Gottlieb Naumann, sobre libreto de Charlotta Dorothea Biehl libremente basado en el de Ranieri de' Calzabigi para Gluck.

El estreno tuvo lugar en Copenhague el 31 de enero de 1786, la ópera fue repetida en doce tardes.

L'anima del filosofo (Haydn - 1791)
L'anima del filosofo ossia Orfeo ed Euridice - Obra musical de Franz Joseph Haydn.

Escrita en el año 1791, sobre libreto de Carlo Francesco Badini, fue representada póstumamente en el Teatro della Pergola de Florencia el 9 de junio de 1951.

Orpheus (Liszt - 1854)
Orpheus - Poema sinfónico de Franz Liszt (1854).

Orphée aux Enfers (Offenbach - 1858)
Orfeo en los infiernos - Opereta en dos actos y cuatro cuadros de Jacques Offenbach, sobre libreto de Hector Crémieux.

Fue representada en París en el año 1858. Fue repuesta y transformada por los autores en cuatro actos y doce cuadros en el año 1874.

Orphée (Ducasse - 1913)
Orphée - Mimodramma en tres actos de Roger Ducasse, sobre libreto del mismo Ducasse (1913).

La acción teatral se basa en una insólita combinación de pantomima, danza y música.

Fue publicado en el año 1913 pero fue ejecutado íntegramente sólo en el 1926, en París, siendo protagonista la célebre bailarina Ida Rubinstein. Antes fueron ejecutados en concierto tres «Frammenti sinfonici» "fragmentos sinfónicos" extraídos del mimodramma: Orphée évoque le dieu, Hymen - Course du flambeau y Bacchanale.

Orpheus und Eurydike (Krenek - 1926)
Orpheus und Eurydike - Obra lírica de Ernst Krenek sobre libreto de Oskar Kokoschka.

Escrita en el año 1923, fue representada en Kassel en el año 1926.

Orpheus (Stravinski - 1947)
Orpheus - Ballet neoclásico en tres cuadros de Ígor Stravinski, compuesto en el 1947.

Se estrenó el 28 de abril de 1948 por la Ballet Society de Nueva York, con la coreografía de George Balanchine.

Jackie O
El mito de Orfeo revisitado, al contrario, en la ópera del año 1995 de Michael Daugherty y Wayne Koestenbaum que tiene como personaje protagonista Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.

Música ligera
La omnicomprensividad del mito ha dejado una traza nada banal también en la música ligera.

La canción Euridice, de Roberto Vecchioni, encuentra en Orfeo un antihéroe que decide adrede girar la cabeza, al comprender el hecho que la mujer pertenece ahora a la dimensión de la muerte, y ya nada podía ser de nuevo como antes.

Carmen Consoli, de su canto, ha propuesto Orfeo (del álbum del año 2000 Stato di necessità), una pieza en la que pide al amado renacer a la vida.

Véase también

 Orfeo (mitología)
 Orígenes de la ópera
 :Categoría:Orfeo (ópera)
 :Categoría:Eurídice (ópera)

Referencias

Óperas
Mitología griega en la música
Música en la mitología griega
Orfeo

Orfeo (música)


Jorge Manrique (c. 1440 – 24 April 1479) was a major Castilian poet, whose main work, the Coplas por la muerte de su padre (Verses on the death of Don Rodrigo Manrique, his Father), is still read today. He was a supporter of the queen Isabel I of Castile, and actively participated on her side in the civil war that broke out against her half-brother, Enrique IV, when the latter attempted to make his daughter, Juana, crown princess. Jorge died in 1479 during an attempt to take the castle of Garcimuñoz, defended by the Marquis of Villena (a staunch enemy of Isabel), after Isabel gained the crown.

Manrique was a great-nephew of Iñigo López de Mendoza (marquis of Santillana), a descendant of Pero López de Ayala, chancellor of Castile, and a nephew of Gómez Manrique, corregidor of Toledo, all important poets of the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. He was, therefore, a member of a noble family of great literary consequence. The topic of his work was the tempus fugit.

The Minor Lyrics
Jorge Manrique wrote love lyrics in the courtly-love tradition and two satires. These called canciones (songs), esparsas (short poems, generally of a single stanza), preguntas y respuestas (questions and answers), and glosas de mote (literally, "interpretations of refrains"; see villancico). The first edition of the Cancionero general of Hernando del Castillo (1511) has the most complete selection of Manrique's poems, but some of the lyrics appear in other early editions and manuscripts.

Coplas por la Muerte de su Padre

Coplas por la Muerte de su Padre (English: "Stanzas about the Death of his Father") is Jorge Manrique's best composition. In fact, Lope de Vega pronounced it in humbled admiration to its superior craftmanship, "worthy to be printed in letters of gold". It is a funeral eulogy dedicated to the memory of Rodrigo Manrique (his father), who died on 11 November 1476 in Ocaña. Jorge thought that his father led a life worth living. He makes a reference to three lives: the terrestrial life that ends in death
 the life of the fame, that lasts longer (Kleos Greek)
 the eternal life after death, that has no end.
Stanzas 1-24 talk about an excessive devotion to earthly life from a general point of view, but features some of the most memorable metaphors in the poem. Among other things, life is compared to a road filled with dangers and opportunities and to a river that ends in the sea:

I

Recuerde el alma dormida
avive el seso e despierte
contemplando
cómo se pasa la vida,
cómo se viene la muerte
tan callando;
cuán presto se va el placer,
cómo, después de acordado,
da dolor;
cómo, a nuestro parecer,
cualquiera tiempo pasado
fue mejor.

O let the soul her slumbers break,
Let thought be quickened, and awake;
Awake to see
How soon this life is past and gone,
And death comes softly stealing on,
How silently!
Swiftly our pleasures glide away,
Our hearts recall the distant day
the pain
The moments that are speeding fast
We heed not, but the past,—the past,
More highly prize.

III

Nuestras vidas son los ríos
que van a dar en la mar,
que es el morir.
Allí van los señoríos
derechos a se acabar
e consumir.
allí los ríos caudales,
allí los otros medianos
e más chicos,
allegados, son iguales
los que viven por sus manos
e los ricos.

Our lives are rivers, gliding free
To that unfathomed, boundless sea,
The silent grave!
Thither all earthly pomp and boast
Roll, to be swallowed up and lost
In one dark wave.
Thither the mighty torrents stray,
Thither the brook pursues its way,
And tinkling rill,
There all are equal; side by side
The poor man and the son of pride
Lie calm and still.

The section invokes general examples of human waywardness that one may encounter along the road leading to heaven or hell, but then gives some examples of infamous deaths drawn from contemporary Spanish history. These examples are introduced by the rhetorical questions called ubi sunt (Where are they?) in stanzas 15-24:
XVI

¿Qué se hizo el rey don Joan?
Los infantes d'Aragón
¿qué se hizieron?
¿Qué fue de tanto galán,
qué de tanta invinción
como truxeron?
¿Que fueron sino devaneos,
qué fueron sino verduras
de las eras,
las justas e los torneos,
paramentos, bordaduras
e çimeras?

Where is the King, Don Juan?  Where
Each royal prince and noble heir
of Aragon?
Where are the courtly gallantries?
The deeds of love and high emprise,
In battle done?
Tourney and joust, that charmed the eye,
And scarf, and gorgeous panoply,
And nodding plume,
What were they but a pageant scene?
What but the garlands, gay and green,
That deck the tomb?

The last part of the poem is devoted to his father and talks about the life of fame and the possibility of continuing to live in the memories of the living, when one is great and has accomplished great deeds while living (stanzas 25-32). The poem ends with a small dramatic dialogue in which don Rodrigo confronts a personified Death, who deferentially takes his soul to Heaven (stanzas 33-39). A final stanza (40) gives consolation to the family.

The language Manrique uses is precise, exact, without decoration or difficult metaphors. It appears to focus on the content of what is said and not on how it is said. The poem has forty stanzas, each composed of twelve eight- and four-syllable lines that rhyme ABc ABc DEf DEf. Every third line is a quebrado (half line). The verse form is now known as the copla manriqueña (Manriquean stanza), because his poem was so widely read and glossed that he popularized the meter. Its alternation of long and short lines, and their punctuation, made the verses flexible enough to sound somber or light and quick.

Coplas por la muerte de su padre has been translated at least twice, once by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. The translations of stanzas I, III, and XVI provided above are by Longfellow. However, the Longfellow translation has been criticized as not being faithful to the original. Longfellow's translation is considerably more florid than the original. For example, the famous lines "Nuestras vidas son los ríos/ que van a dar en la mar,/ que es el morir," which reads in Longfellow as "Our lives are rivers, gliding free/ To that unfathomed, boundless sea,/ The silent grave!" literally translates as "Our lives are rivers/ That will lead to the sea/ Which is death."

References
Domínguez, Frank A. Love and Remembrance: The Poetry of Jorge Manrique. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1989.
Domínguez, Frank A. "Jorge Manrique" in Castilian Writers, 1400-1500 Vol. 286. Detroit: Gale, c2004. (The article can be accessed as well in electronic format through the database Literature Resource Center at Gale in participating libraries.)
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. Coplas de Don Jorge Manrique. Boston: Allen & Ticknor, 1833.
Marino, Nancy. Jorge Manrique's Coplas por la muerte de su padre: A History of the Poem and Its Reception. (Colección Támesis, A/298.) Woodbridge, UK: Tamesis, 2011
Serrano de Haro, Antonio. Personalidad y destino de Jorge Manrique. Madrid: Editorial Gredos, 1966.
Salinas, Pedro. Tradición y originalidad Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana 1947
Brenan, Gerald. The Literature of the Spanish people, Cambridge, 1951.

External links

1440s births
1479 deaths
People from the Province of Palencia
15th-century Spanish poets
Castilians
House of Lara

Jorge Manrique


الغضروف الليفي  يتكون من خليط من نسيج ليفي أبيض ونسيج غضروفي بنسب مختلفة، وهو النوع الوحيد للغضروف الذي يحوي النوع كولاجن 1 بالإضافة للنوع 2 العادي. ويوجد هذا النوع من الغضاريف في الأقراص بين الفقارية  وكذلك في منطقة الارتفاق العاني .

تتكون هذه الغضاريف من كمية كبيرة من النسيج الليفي الأبيض الكثيف، ينتشر بينها مجموعات صغيرة من الخلايا الغضروفية الصغيرة وتتوج من جوانبها بالقالب، يوجد هذا النوع من الغضاريف الليفية البيضاء بين الفقرات بشكل أقراص تسمى بالأقراص بين الفقرية وتوجد أيضاً في مفصل الركبة وهي الغضاريف التي كثيراً ما تتمزق أو تُزاح، وتوجد بين عظم الترقوة وعظم القص في المفصل القصي الترقوي الرسغي.

مراجع

جهاز هيكلي
غضاريف
مقالات تتضمن نصوصا من الطبعة العشرين لكتاب تشريح جرايز (1918)
نسيج ضام

غضروف ليفي


أحمد حاجي علي عبد الله لاري (1955 -)، نائب في مجلس الأمة الكويتي، ونائب سابق في المجلس البلدي الكويتي.

سيرته السياسية
شارك في انتخابات المجلس البلدي 1993 في الدائرة الأولى وحصل على المركز الأول برصيد 1221 صوت ، وشارك في انتخابات المجلس البلدي 1995 في الدائرة الأولى وحصل على المركز الأول برصيد 1415 صوت ، وشارك في انتخابات مجلس البلدي 1999 في الدائرة الأولى وحصل على المركز الأول برصيد 1876 صوت.

وشارك في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2003 في الدائرة الأولى، وحصل على المركز الثالث برصيد 1362 صوت وخسرالانتخابات ، وشارك في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2006 في الدائرة الأولى، وحصل على المركز الأول برصيد 3150 صوت وفاز بالانتخابات ، وشارك في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2008 في الدائرة الأولى، وحصل على المركز الثامن برصيد 6919 صوت وفاز بالانتخابات.

طرده من حركة العمل الشعبي
في 19 شباط/فبراير 2008، طردت كتلة العمل الشعبي أحمد لاري وزميله النائب الشيعي عدنان عبد الصمد لمشاركتهما في حفل تأبين القائد الأعلى لـ «حزب الله» الذي قُتل عماد مغنية. أصدرت حركة العمل الشعبي بيانًا يستنكر وبشدة مُشاركتهما في حفل التأبين حيثُ ذكروا بأن ، وقال المُتحدث باسم حشد مسلم البراك بأن القرار كان  وأضاف بأن

أبرز مواقفه في مجلس الأمة

مجلس الأمة 2006

مجلس الأمة 2013

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2006
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2008
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2022
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي ديسمبر 2012
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي فبراير 2012
سياسيو كتلة العمل الشعبي
شيعة كويتيون
كويتيون من أصل إيراني
نواب كويتيون شيعة
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2023

أحمد لاري