NGC 7669 (NGC 7668, NGC 7670) je jedan do danas nepotvrđen objekt u zviježđu Ribama. Sva promatranja poslije nisu na tom položaju uočila nikoji objekt.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 7669
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 7669 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
  NGC 7669 DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 7650 - 7699

7669

NGC 7669


Cascadas del Río Dunn (en inglés: Dunn's River Falls), o Las Chorreras, es una famosa cascada cerca de la localidad de Ocho Ríos, en el país caribeño de Jamaica y una importante atracción turística del área que atrae a miles de visitantes cada año.

Con alrededor de 600 pies (180 m) de alto, las caídas de agua son terrazas con escalones gigantes de las cuales algunas fueron intervenidos por el hombre. Varias pequeñas lagunas se intercalan entre las secciones verticales de las cataratas.

Subir las cascadas es una actividad turística popular y es, a menudo, pero no exclusivamente, realizada con la ayuda de los guías turísticos del parque.

Véase también
Geografía de Jamaica
Geografía de América

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Información sobre la cascada y el río

Río Dunn

Cascadas del Río Dunn


Alango may refer to:

Mildred Alango (born 1989), Kenyan taekwondo practitioner
Alango Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota

Alango


Nadja Månsson (født 22. september 1988 i Kiev) er en tysk håndboldspiller, som spiller for Borussia Dortmund Handball og Tysklands håndboldlandshold.

Referencer

Håndboldspillere fra Tyskland

Nadja Månsson


Antologia Science-Fiction Nemira se poate referi la:

 Antologia science-fiction Nemira '94
 Antologia science-fiction Nemira '95
 Antologia science-fiction Nemira '96
 Colecția Nautilus de la Editura Nemira

Antologia Science-Fiction Nemira


Galeria Fundana war die Tochter eines römischen Senators im prätorischen Rang und die zweite Ehefrau des späteren Kaisers Vitellius.

Von Galeria Fundana ist nur bekannt, dass ihr Vater Prätor gewesen war und sie spätestens um das Jahr 60 Aulus Vitellius heiratete, der im Jahr 69 Kaiser wurde. Von ihm hatte sie zwei Kinder: eine ältere Tochter, Vitellia und einen um 62/63 geborenen Sohn, den jüngeren Vitellius.

Im Vierkaiserjahr rettete sie ihrem Verwandten Publius Galerius Trachalus, einem Vertrauten Othos, das Leben.

Literatur
 Marie-Thérèse Raepsaet-Charlier: Prosopographie des femmes de l'ordre senatorial (Ier–IIe siècles). Peeters, Löwen 1987, S. 344–345 Nr. 399.
 PIR² G 33.

Anmerkungen

Ehepartner einer berühmten Person
Römer
Geboren im 1. Jahrhundert
Gestorben im 1. Jahrhundert
Frau

Galeria Fundana


Kongefilmen Frederik IX er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1949, der er instrueret af Johan Jacobsen efter manuskript af Johannes Allen.

Handling
Filmen er udsendt i anledning af kong Frederik 9.'s 50 års fødselsdag, 11. marts 1949. Man følger de vigtigste begivenheder fra både kong Frederik og dronning Ingrids barndom og op til nutiden. Der er optagelser fra brylluppet i Stockholm, parrets rejse til USA, kongehuset under besættelsen, statsbesøg, kongens daglige arbejde men også familieliv og privatinteresser.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1949

Kongefilmen Frederik IX


Čopotac (kokoška, lat. Neottia, sin.: Listera), rod biljaka iz porodice kaćunovki (orhideja) kojemu pripada 68 vrsta. Rod je nazivan i Listera, po engleskom prirodoslovcu Martinu Listeru, ali se danas sve vrste pripisuju u rod Neottia.

Vrste ovoga roda raširene su po umjerenoj sjevernoj polutki, te subarktiku i Arktiku, kroz veći dio Europe, sjevernoj Aziji i sjeveru Sjeverne Amerike, dok nekoliko vrsta raste i na Mediteranu, Indokoni i području SAD-a.

Vrsta koja raste i u Hrvatskoj šumska kokoška (Neottia nidus-avis), potpuno je bez klorofila i ima lišće svedene na ljuske. Druge poznatije vrste su srcoliki čopotac (Neottia cordata) i jajoliki čopotac (Neottia ovata).

Vrste

 Neottia acuminata Schltr.
 Neottia alternifolia (King & Pantl.) Szlach.
 Neottia auriculata (Wiegand) Szlach.
 Neottia bambusetorum (Hand.-Mazz.) Szlach.
 Neottia banksiana (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
 Neottia bicallosa X.H.Jin
 Neottia biflora (Schltr.) Szlach.
 Neottia bifolia (Raf.) Baumbach
 Neottia borealis (Morong) Szlach.
 Neottia brevicaulis (King & Pantl.) Szlach.
 Neottia brevilabris Tang & F.T.Wang
 Neottia camtschatea (L.) Rchb.f.
 Neottia chandrae Raskoti, J.J.Wood & Ale
 Neottia chenii S.W.Gale & P.J.Cribb
 Neottia cinsbuensis T.P.Lin & D.M.Huang
 Neottia confusa Bhaumik
 Neottia convallarioides (Sw.) Rich.
 Neottia cordata (L.) Rich.
 Neottia deltoidea (Fukuy.) Szlach.
 Neottia dentata (King & Pantl.) Szlach.
 Neottia dihangensis Bhaumik
 Neottia divaricata (Panigrahi & P.Taylor) Szlach.
 Neottia fangii (Tang & F.T.Wang ex S.C.Chen & G.H.Zhu) S.C.Chen, S.W.Gale & P.J.Cribb
 Neottia flabellata (W.W.Sm.) Szlach.
 Neottia fugongensis (X.H.Jin) J.M.H.Shaw
 Neottia fukuyamae T.C.Hsu & S.W.Chung
 Neottia furusei T.Yukawa & Yagame
 Neottia gaudissartii Hand.-Mazz.
 Neottia hohuanshanensis T.P.Lin & Shu H.Wu
 Neottia inagakii Yagame, Katsuy. & T.Yukawa
 Neottia inayatii (Duthie) Schltr.
 Neottia japonica (Blume) Szlach.
 Neottia karoana Szlach.
 Neottia kiusiana T.Hashim. & S.Hatus.
 Neottia kuanshanensis H.J.Su
 Neottia latilabra (Evrard ex Gagnep.) ined.
 Neottia listeroides Lindl.
 Neottia longicaulis (King & Pantl.) Szlach.
 Neottia mackinnonii Deva & H.B.Naithani
 Neottia makinoana (Ohwi) Szlach.
 Neottia megalochila S.C.Chen
 Neottia meifongensis (H.J.Su & C.Y.Hu) T.C.Hsu & S.W.Chung
 Neottia microglottis (Duthie) Schltr.
 Neottia microphylla (S.C.Chen & Y.B.Luo) S.C.Chen, S.W.Gale & P.J.Cribb
 Neottia morrisonicola (Hayata) Szlach.
 Neottia mucronata (Panigrahi & J.J.Wood) Szlach.
 Neottia nanchuanica (S.C.Chen) Szlach.
 Neottia nandadeviensis (Hajra) Szlach.
 Neottia nankomontana (Fukuy.) Szlach.
 Neottia nepalensis (N.P.Balakr.) Szlach.
 Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., šumska kokoška
 Neottia nipponica (Makino) Szlach.
 Neottia nujiangensis X.H.Jin
 Neottia oblata (S.C.Chen) Szlach.
 Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh.
 Neottia pantlingii (W.W.Sm.) Tang & F.T.Wang
 Neottia papilligera Schltr.
 Neottia piluchiensis T.P.Lin
 Neottia pinetorum (Lindl.) Szlach.
 Neottia pseudonipponica (Fukuy.) Szlach.
 Neottia puberula (Maxim.) Szlach.
 Neottia smallii (Wiegand) Szlach.
 Neottia smithiana Schltr.
 Neottia smithii (Schltr.) Szlach.
 Neottia taibaishanensis P.H.Yang & K.Y.Lang
 Neottia taizanensis (Fukuy.) Szlach.
 Neottia tenii Schltr.
 Neottia tenuis (Lindl.) Szlach.
 Neottia tianschanica (Grubov) Szlach.
 Neottia unguiculata (W.W.Sm.) Szlach.
 Neottia ussuriensis (Kom. & Nevski) Soó
 Neottia × veltmanii (Case) Baumbach
 Neottia wardii (Rolfe) Szlach.
 Neottia yunnanensis (S.C.Chen) Szlach.

Sinonimi
 Archineottia S.C.Chen
 Bifolium Nieuwl.
 Cardiophyllum Ehrh.
 Diphryllum Raf.
 Diplandrorchis S.C.Chen
 Distomaea Spenn.
 Holopogon Kom. & Nevski
 Ibidium Dryand. ex Salisb.
 Listera R.Br.
 Neottidium Schltdl.
 Nidus Riv.
 Nidus-avis Ortega
 Ophris Mill.
 Pollinirhiza Dulac
 Triorchis Petiver ex Nieuwl.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Neottieae

Čopotac


Ziyad Ceziri (d. 12 Temmuz 1978), Tunuslu eski millî futbolcudur.

Tunus millî futbol takımında da oynayan Jaziri takımıyla 2002 ve 2006 Dünya Kupaları'na katılmış, 2004'te Afrika Uluslar Kupası'nı kazanan kadroda yer almıştır. Millî formayı 55 kez giyen Jaziri 14 gol kaydetmiştir.

Dış bağlantılar

1978 doğumlular
Tunuslu futbolcular
Gaziantepspor yabancı futbolcuları
Troyes AC futbolcuları
Tunus millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
2000 Afrika Uluslar Kupası futbolcuları
2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2004 Afrika Uluslar Kupası futbolcuları
2005 FIFA Konfederasyonlar Kupası futbolcuları
2006 Afrika Uluslar Kupası futbolcuları
2006 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
Ligue 1 futbolcuları
Süper Lig futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
Resim aranan futbolcular
Tunuslu gurbetçi futbolcular
Türkiye'deki gurbetçi futbolcular
Fransa'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Kuveyt'teki gurbetçi futbolcular
Türkiye'deki Tunuslu gurbetçiler
Fransa'daki Tunuslu gurbetçiler
Kuveyt'teki Tunuslu gurbetçiler
Forvet futbolcular

Ziyad Ceziri


Intet set, intet hørt, intet gjort er en dansk kortfilm fra 2007 med instruktion og manuskript af Karen Balle.

Handling
Julie passer sig selv og sit arbejde. Hun blander sig ikke i hvad andre gør og ser helst heller ikke, at andre blander sig i hendes liv. Men en dag sker noget, der ændrer Julies ellers faste rutine, og hun må hente hjælp udefra. Og når freden forstyrres, er hjælpen nærmest, eller er den?

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2007

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Intet set, intet hørt, intet gjort


ديشونية هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء المتن في محافظة جبل لبنان. وأغلب سكانها هم من المسيحيين.

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قضاء المتن
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
مدن لبنان

ديشونية


Le 9K115-2 Metis  aussi connu sous le nom de AT-13 Saxhorn-2 au sein de l'OTAN, est un missile antichar russe produit par KBP Instrument Design Bureau, entré en service en Russie en 1992.

Technique
Le 9K115-2 est équipé de Commande semi-automatique sur ligne de visée ainsi que d'un viseur optique x2.

Le missile prend  pour démarrer à un rythme de  et atteint les  en  de vol.

Son faible poids lui permet d'être assez facilement transportable par une équipe de 3 soldats, des véhicules et il peut être parachuté en même temps que les troupes pour leur donner une puissance de feu plus importante sur le terrain.

Variantes

 Metis
 Metis-M
 Metis-M1 :  au total (13.8 kg pour le missile, 9.5 kg pour la plateforme de lancement, 6.5 kg pour le viseur thermique)

Engagements

 Conflit israélo-libanais de 2006 : utilisé par le Hezbollah contre les forces Israélienne. Selon la Russie, les Libanais auraient réussi à obtenir ces armes en détournant des stocks de Metis-M vendus à la Syrie par la Russie.
 Guerre civile syrienne : utilisé par plusieurs belligérants notamment par l'Armée syrienne libre contre les troupes syrienne lors de la bataille d'Abou Douhour ou le Metis-M aurait endommagé un MIG-23MS qui n'était déjà plus opérationnel.
 Guerre Russo-Ukrainienne plusieurs vidéos sont apparus montrant un deux des camps utilisant le Metis (variantes inconnu)

Pays utilisateurs
Liste de pays ayant acheté des Metis (toutes versions) entre 1998 et 2021 selon l'Institut international de recherche sur la paix de Stockholm

 - 500 Metis-M

 - 1200 Metis-M

 - 2700 Metis-M

 - 500 Metis-M

 - 100 Metis-M

 - 1000 Metis-M

Acteur non étatique

  Armée syrienne libre

  Hezbollah
  Houthis (rebelles)

Articles connexes
 Missile sol-sol.
 9M133 Kornet.
 9M113 Konkurs.
 9K111 Fagot.
 BGM-71 TOW.

Références

Missile antichar
Missile sol-sol
Arme militaire fabriquée en Russie

9K115-2 Metis-M


Radošovice (deutsch Roschowitz, früher auch Radoschowitz) ist eine Gemeinde in Tschechien. Sie liegt sieben Kilometer südöstlich von Netolice in Südböhmen und gehört zum Okres České Budějovice.

Geographie

Radošovice befindet sich im Vorland des Blanský les am Rande des Budweiser Beckens auf einer sanften Anhöhe. Südöstlich des Dorfes liegt der Teich Dehtář. Im Osten erhebt sich der Na Středním (441 m), südlich der Zádušní vrch (454 m), im Südwesten die Kamenná (485 m) und im Nordwesten der Na Klínu (451 m).

Nachbarorte sind Němčice und Vlhlavy im Norden, Malé Chrášťany und Pištín im Nordosten, Tupesy und Břehov im Osten, Dehtáře und Holubovská Bašta im Südosten, Záboří im Süden, Strýčice und Chvalovice im Südwesten, Babice im Westen sowie Zvěřetice und Sedlovice im Nordwesten.

Geschichte
Belege einer frühzeitlichen Besiedlung der Gegend sind eine Gruppe von vier niedrigen Hügelgräbern im Wald Bory – Na Perku bei Záboří.

Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung des zur Feste Poděhusy gehörigen Dorfes Radoschowitz erfolgte am 26. Mai 1334, als König Johann von Luxemburg das Dorf zusammen mit Dehtáře und Žabovřesky für 720 Schock Groschen bei Peter I. von Rosenberg gegen die Grenzburg Janovice eintauschte. Nachfolgend gehörte das Dorf zu den Besitzungen der Herren von Rosenberg. Jost von Rosenberg verpfändete das Dorf zusammen mit Dehtáře an Peter Záleský von Prostý. Wok II. von Rosenberg ließ 1484 südöstlich des Dorfes den großen Fischteich Dehtář anlegen, mit dem das Dorf Hummo überflutet wurde. Bei der Pestepidemie von 1520/21 verödete das Dorf; es wurde 1530 mit deutschen Siedlern aus der schwäbischen Pfalz wiederbesiedelt. Im Jahre 1840 bestand Roschowitz bzw. Radoschowitz aus 34 Häusern mit 256 ausschließlich deutschsprachigen Einwohnern. Zum Dorf gehörte auch das östlich gelegene einschichtige Hegerhaus Wuhr. Pfarrort war Střitzitz. Bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts blieb das Dorf immer der Herrschaft Krumau untertänig.

Nach der Aufhebung der Patrimonialherrschaften bildete Roschowitz / Radošovice ab 1850 eine Gemeinde in der Bezirkshauptmannschaft Budějovice/Budweis. 1914 lebten in der Gemeinde 236 Einwohner, davon 189 Deutsche und 47 Tschechen. Nach dem Münchner Abkommen wurde das Dorf 1938 dem Deutschen Reich zugeschlagen und gehörte bis 1945 zum Kreis Krummau an der Moldau. Im Jahre 1930 lebten in Roschowitz 207 Personen, 1939 waren es 187. Nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges kam Radošovice zur Tschechoslowakei zurück und wurde wieder Teil des Okres České Budějovice. Der größte Teil der deutschen Bevölkerung wurde vertrieben. Im Jahre 1950 erfolgte die Eingemeindung von Strýčice, zehn Jahre später die von Tupesy. 1985 wurden Radošovice, Strýčice und Tupesy nach Žabovřesky eingemeindet. Sie lösten sich am 24. November 1990 nach einem Referendum wieder los und bildeten eine eigene Gemeinde.

Gemeindegliederung
Die Gemeinde Radošovice besteht aus den Ortsteilen Radošovice (Roschowitz) und Tupesy (Tupes), die zugleich auch Katastralbezirke bilden.

Zum Katastralbezirk Radošovice u Českých Budějovic gehört auch das Dorf Strýčice.

Sehenswürdigkeiten

 Kapelle der Jungfrau Maria auf dem Dorfplatz, erbaut 1823
 Pestsäule auf dem Dorfplatz, sie befand sich ursprünglich neben einer Scheune am Ortsrand und wurde nach 2000 saniert und versetzt. Neben ihr befindet sich ein Gedenkstein, der an die Verödung des Ortes in den Jahren 1530 und 1620–1630 erinnert.
 Bildstock an der Straße nach Strýčice, errichtet in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts
 Mehrere Gehöfte im südböhmischen Bauernbarock im Blata-Stil mit verzierten Stuckfassaden und eingeschossigem Speicher
 Kapelle in Tupesy

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Präsentation auf den Webseiten der Mikroregion Blanský les – podhůří
 Präsentation auf selskebaroko.unas.cz

Ersterwähnung 1334

Radošovice u Českých Budějovic


El Guabo es un cantón de la Provincia de El Oro en Ecuador. Su cabecera cantonal es la ciudad de El Guabo. Su población en el censo de 2010 es de 50 009 habitantes. La fecha de cantonización de El Guabo fue el 7 de septiembre de 1978. El alcalde actual para el período 2019-2023 es el Prof. Hitler Álvarez Bejarano.

Ubicación geográfica
El Guabo se encuentra al noroeste de la provincia de El Oro, tiene una superficie de 498 km², a una distancia de 18 km de Machala la capital de la provincia.
Limita al norte con Tenguel, parroquia de Guayaquil, al sur con los cantones Machala y Pasaje (cantón), al este con el cantón Camilo Ponce Enríquez de la provincia del Azuay y Pasaje (cantón), y al oeste con el Océano Pacífico, Golfo de Guayaquil.

El cantón se encuentra en la región costanera, con un clima húmedo tropical, el cultivo más importante es el banano para exportación.

División política
El Guabo se divide en cuatro parroquias (1 urbana y 3 rurales):
 El Guabo (cabecera cantonal y única parroquia urbana)
 Barbones (Sucre)
 La Iberia
 Tendales (con cabecera parroquial en Puerto Tendales)
 Río Bonito

Véase también
 Provincia de El Oro
 Machala
 Conurbación de Machala

Enlaces externos
 Gobierno Provincial Autónomo de El Oro
 Gobierno Municipal de El Guabo

Referencias

El Guabo
Toponimia quechua
Toponimia quechua de Ecuador

Cantón El Guabo


Cevher-i Musiki, 2005 yılında Prof. Dr. M. Hakan Cevher'in öncülüğünde, 17. yüzyıl geleneksel Türk musikisini icra etmek amacı ile kurulan bir müzik grubudur. Santur, şehrut, rebap, ney, tambur, mazhar, kudüm, bendir icracıları bulunmaktadır. Grup üyelerinin tümü, Ege Üniversitesi Devlet Türk Musikisi Konservatuvarı'nda öğretim elemanıdır.

Grup üyeleri
 Şehrut: Prof. Dr. M. Hakan Cevher
 Ney: Kaşif Demiröz
 Tambur: Sami Büyüköztekir
 Santur: Ergün Karadağ
 Rebap: Mehmet Yalgın Mazhar
 Bendir: Tufan Güldaş
 Kudüm: Serkan Çelik
 Hanende: Tolga Meriç

İzmir kökenli müzik grupları
Klasik Türk müziği

Cevher-i Musiki


Le syndicat mixte Canche et Authie (Symcéa) est un établissement public de coopération intercommunale qui agit pour la protection de la ressource en eau et des milieux aquatiques et, plus globalement, à l'échelle des
bassins versant de la Canche et de l'Authie.

Historique
Le syndicat mixte pour le schéma d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux (SAGE) de la Canche est créé le  et devient, en , le syndicat mixte Canche et affluents (Symcéa).

Par arrêté inter-préfectoral du  portant extension du périmètre et modification des statuts du Symcéa, le syndicat mixte Canche et affluents devient le syndicat mixte Canche et Authie.

Composition du syndicat
Le Symcéa est composé de , en totalité (2) ou partiellement (8) : la communauté d'agglomération des Deux Baies en Montreuillois (en totalité), la communauté de communes des 7 Vallées (en totalité), la communauté de communes de Desvres - Samer, la communauté de communes du Haut Pays du Montreuillois, la communauté de communes du Ternois, la communauté de communes des Campagnes de l'Artois, la communauté de communes du Sud-Artois, la communauté de communes du Pays du Coquelicot, la communauté de communes du Territoire Nord Picardie, la communauté de communes Ponthieu-Marquenterre.

Il regroupe .

Financement
Le financement des actions du Symcéa se répartissent en :
 contribution financière des établissements publics de coopération intercommunale (EPCI) membres ;
 subventions des partenaires financiers comme l'agence de l'eau Artois-Picardie, le conseil régional des Hauts-de-France, les conseils départementaux du Pas-de-Calais et de la Somme, l'Union européenne (UE) et l'État.

Le montant global du budget 2020 est de .

Organisation
Le siège est situé à Auchy-lès-Hesdin.

Chaque structure intercommunale désigne un délégué titulaire et son suppléant. Un délégué supplémentaire et son suppléant sont nommés par tranche de .

La direction est assurée par un président et 3 vice-présidents. Le président actuel est Yves Gille, le maire de Brimeux.

Les délégués syndicaux titulaires sont au nombre de 30 auquel s'ajoute .

Mission
Le syndicat mixte Canche et Authie (Symcéa) a pour missions la mise en œuvre du schéma d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux, le rétablissement de la libre circulation des poissons migrateurs, l'entretien et la restauration de la Canche, ainsi que la maîtrise de l'érosion et du ruissellement.

Les principales missions du syndicat sont :
 l'élaboration et mise en œuvre du SAGE de la Canche ;
 l'élaboration du SAGE de l'Authie ;
 le rétablissement de la libre circulation des poissons migrateurs ;
 l'entretien et de restauration du fleuve Canche et Authie ;
 la maîtrise des phénomènes d'érosion et de ruissellements ;
 l'animation, l'élaboration et la mise en œuvre du PAPI de la Canche ;
 le soutien technique aux collectivités.

Action
Un exemple d'action du syndicat est la lutte dans le montreuillois, dont le territoire est composé de 80 % de terres agricoles, contre le ruissellement et l'érosion. Ici, trois leviers sont activés pour limiter ce ruissellement : changer les pratiques agronomiques, avoir des ouvrages d'hydraulique douce (haies, fascines…) et des ouvrages structurants (bassins, fossés, mares tampon…).

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

Liens externes

Intercommunalité dans le Pas-de-Calais
Syndicat mixte

Syndicat mixte Canche et Authie


Lækjargata 2A einnig þekkt sem Frökenarhús er á horni Lækjargötu og Aðalstrtætis er einlyft múrhúðað timburhús með risþaki. Gafl Frökenarhúss liggur fast að Lækjargötu 2 og snýr framhlið þess að Aðalstræti. Ekkja Stefáns Þórarinssonar amtmanns á Möðruvöllum, Ragnheiður Vigfúsdóttir Scheving, og dóttir hennar, fröken Margrét Thorarensen, fluttust til Akureyrar 1823 og bjuggu í þessu húsi.

Heimildir benda til þess að Margrét Thorarensen hafi byggt húsið. Samkvæmt reikningi Margrétar í Gudmannsverslun á Akureyri tók hún út efni í húsbyggingu 1840 og í júní sama ár tók hún út timbur í girðingu umhverfis húsið

Frökenarhús var friðað 1. janúar 1990 samkvæmt aldursákvæði 1. mgr. 36. gr. þjóðminjalaga nr. 88/1989.

Heimildir

Hús á Akureyri

Lækjargata 2 A (Akureyri)


En sound-alike er en person, der kan lyde præcis som en anden person. Der er mange folk, som har lavet en karriere ud af at lyde som en kendt person, ligesom Elvis Presley. Impersonators og sound-alikes er ikke det samme. Impersonators klæder sig også ud som de folk, de synger som, sound-alikes synger kun some de folk, de lyder som. Et godt eksempel er den canadiske sanger Marc Martel, som lyder som Freddie Mercury, men ikke klæder sig som Freddie Mercury.

Musikindustri

Sound-alike


Patricia Ann McGowan Wald (; September 16, 1928 – January 12, 2019) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as the chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1986 until 1991. She was the Court's first female chief judge and its first woman to be elevated, having been appointed by President Jimmy Carter in 1979. From 1999 to 2001, Wald was a Justice of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.

Wald was born in Torrington, Connecticut, to a working-class family. After graduating from Connecticut College with distinction, a scholarship enabled her to study at Yale Law School, where she became one of two female editors of the Yale Law Journal. Wald sought a position at a white-shoe firm upon graduation but was turned down for being a woman. She began her legal career as a law clerk to Judge Jerome Frank instead, later entering the law firm of Arnold, Fortas & Porter as an associate attorney. After spending a year at the U.S. Department of Justice, Wald's tenure as a practicing lawyer included appointments on various presidential commissions and committees.

In 1977, President Jimmy Carter appointed Wald as a U.S. Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legislative Affairs. In 1979, Carter elevated her to the D.C. Circuit, where she received her commission as its first female member. During her time on the Court, Wald would pen more than 800 judicial opinions.

Early life
Wald was born on September 16, 1928, in Torrington, Connecticut. She was the only child of Joseph F. McGowan, an alcoholic, and Margaret O'Keefe. Her father left the family when she was two years old, leaving Wald to be raised by her mother with the company and support of extended relatives, most of whom were factory workers in Torrington and active union members. Wald had a Roman Catholic upbringing, and worked in brass mills as a teenager during the summers. Due to her involvement in the labor movement and union work, she was determined to go to law school to help protect underprivileged, working-class people.

Education
Wald attended Torrington's St. Francis School and graduated in 1940. She then went on to graduate from Torrington High School in 1944 as the class valedictorian. She graduated first in her class and joined the Phi Beta Kappa society at Connecticut College in 1948. She was able to attend Connecticut College for Women because of a scholarship that she received from an elderly affluent woman from her hometown. She then received a national fellowship from the Pepsi-Cola Company that allowed her to go on and earn her law degree from Yale Law School in 1951. She graduated with only 11 other women that year out of a class of 200. Along with the national fellowship, Wald also paid for law school by working as a waitress and taking research jobs with professors. At Yale, she was an editor on the Yale Law Journal, one of the two women in her class so honored.

After her graduation, she clerked for Judge Jerome Frank of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit for a year. That year, Frank ruled on the appeal of the espionage convictions of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg. She briefly entered private practice at the law firm of Arnold, Fortas & Porter for a year before she left to raise her five children.

Professional career
It would be six years before she would take on part-time consulting and researching positions. She was a research and editorial assistant for Frederick M. Rowe, Esq. for three years from 1959 to 1962. She took a year off and then in 1963 spent a year as a member of the National Conference on Bail and Criminal Justice. Wald then worked as a consultant for the National Conference on Law & Poverty in its Office of Economic Opportunity. In 1964, she co-authored the book Bail in the United States, which helped reform the nation's bail system. She then was appointed to the President's Commission on Crime in the District of Columbia from 1965 to 1966 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. She continued her consulting work for the President's Commission on Law Enforcement & Administration of Criminal Justice for a year.

Wald then joined the United States Department of Justice in 1967 and spent a year as an attorney in the Office of Criminal Justice. From 1968 to 1970, she was an attorney at Neighborhood Legal Services in Washington, D.C. During her tenure at Neighborhood Legal Services Program she was also a consultant for both the National Advisory Committee on Civil Disorder and the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. She also co-directed the Ford Foundation's Drug Abuse Research Project during 1970. She then became an attorney at the Center for Law and Social Policy from 1971 to 1972 and from there switched to work as an attorney at the Mental Health Law Project for five years. During that time, she was also the director of the Office of Policy and Issues in the vice presidential campaign of Sargent Shriver. Wald then went back to the Department of Justice from 1977 to 1979. A Democrat, she served as Assistant Attorney General for Legislative Affairs during much of the Carter administration before being nominated by Carter to the DC Circuit.

D.C. Circuit
Wald was nominated by President Jimmy Carter on April 30, 1979, to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, to a new seat created by 92 Stat. 1629. The Carter administration created a set of guidelines to be used by the United States Circuit Judge Nominating Commission that was geared to be friendlier towards women in an effort to increase the number of female federal judges. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 24, 1979, and received her commission on July 26, 1979. She served as Chief Judge from 1986 to 1991. She was the first woman to be appointed to the District of Columbia Circuit and was also the first woman to serve as its chief judge.

In 1994, Wald became involved with American Bar Association's (ABA) Central European and Eurasian Law Initiative, where she attempted to aid new Eastern European democracies rebuild their legal systems after the fall of the Soviet Union.

Post judicial service

After retiring from the federal judiciary, Wald was the United States's representative to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia from 1999 to 2002. She presided over numerous cases of people accused of genocide. Some of the accused included those involved in the Srebrenica massacre. On February 6, 2004, Wald was appointed by President Bush to the President's Commission on Intelligence Capabilities of the U.S. Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction, an independent panel tasked with investigating U.S. intelligence surrounding the United States' 2003 invasion of Iraq and Iraq's weapons of mass destruction. The commission was co-chaired by Laurence Silberman, a fellow judge who worked with Wald on the bench of the District of Columbia Circuit Court. Silberman had a great deal of respect for Wald despite their ideological differences and did not hesitate to recommend her appointment to the bi-partisan commission. Wald agreed to serve on the Constitution Project's Guantanamo Task Force in December 2010.

In August 2012, Wald was confirmed by the Senate as a member of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board after being nominated by President Barack Obama. On December 12, 2013, the Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 57–41 vote, thus cutting off a filibuster that had been led by Republican senators. Later that same day, Wald was confirmed by a 57–41 vote. However, Wald left the Board in January 2017.

She served as chair of the board of directors of the Open Society Justice Initiative and was a member of the board of directors for Mental Disability Rights International. She also continued to serve on the board of the American Bar Association's International Criminal Court Project. Wald was a member of the global council of the California International Law Center at the University of California, Davis School of Law. She was also a member of the American Law Institute, the American Philosophical Society, and the Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute's International Council.

Personal life
Patricia Wald was married to Robert Lewis Wald, who was also a Yale Law School graduate. They were married in 1951, when Patricia was 23; they had met in Europe as they were both traveling the continent. Together they had three daughters and two sons within the span of seven years: Sarah, Doug, Johanna, Frederica, and Thomas. Robert Wald died on September 7, 2010. Wald died in Washington, D.C., on January 12, 2019, from pancreatic cancer, aged 90.

Honors and awards
Wald was awarded more than 20 honorary degrees; in 2001, she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws by her alma mater, Yale University. In 2002, she was honored for her lifelong commitment to human rights by the International Human Rights Law Group. She also was the recipient of the Margaret Brent Award of the National Association of Women Judges for achieving professional excellence in her field and influencing other women to pursue legal careers. Wald received the American Lawyer Hall of Fame Lifetime Achievement Award in 2004 and then four years later in 2008, she was awarded the American Bar Association Medal, the highest honor awarded by the ABA. She also was recognized by the Constitution Project as the 2011 Constitutional Champion. On November 20, 2013, Wald was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor.

See also
List of first women lawyers and judges in Washington D.C.

References

Works cited

Bibliography

Journals

External links

Oral History
Senate Questionnaire
NOMINATION TO THE PRIVACY AND CIVIL LIBERTIES OVERSIGHT BOARD
Brandeis Interview
Search at UChicago Law Review

|-

|-

1928 births
2019 deaths
20th-century American judges
American judges of United Nations courts and tribunals
Connecticut College alumni
Constitution Project
Deaths from pancreatic cancer in Washington, D.C.
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia judges
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
Members of the American Law Institute
People from Torrington, Connecticut
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
United States Assistant Attorneys General
United States court of appeals judges appointed by Jimmy Carter
United States Department of Justice lawyers
American women legal scholars
American legal scholars
Yale Law School alumni
20th-century American women judges

Patricia Wald


Saludos Amigos američki je dramski film iz 1942. redatelja Billa Robertsa, Hamiltona Luskea, Jacka Kinneyja i Wilfreda Jacksona. Riječ je o srednje dugom kolektivnom animiranom filmu u produkciji The Walt Disney Company i distribuiranom od strane RKO Radio Pictures. To je šesti Disneyjev Klasik, kao i prvi od šest kolektivnih filmova koje je Disney studio producirao četrdesetih godina.

Smješten u Latinskoj Americi, sastoji se od četiri različita segmenta; Paško Patak je protagonist dvojice od njih, a Šiljo jednog. Također prvo pojavljivanje ima José Carioca, brazilski papagaj. Saludos Amigos bio je dovoljno popularan da Walt Disney odluči snimiti još jedan latinoamerički film, Tri Caballerosa, produciran dvije godine kasnije. Film je debitirao u Rio de Janeiru 24. kolovoza 1942., u Sjedinjenim Državama 6. veljače 1943.. Prikupio je mješovite kritike, a u SAD-u je ponovno objavljen samo jednom, 1949. godine, kada je prikazan uz prvi redizajn Dumba.

Film je također inspirirao čileanskog karikaturista Renéa Ríosa Boettigera u stvaranju Condorita, jednog od najsvečanijih likova iz crtića u Latinskoj Americi. Ríos je shvatio da je lik Pedra, malog nesposobnog aviona, uvreda Čileancima i stvorio je strip koji bi navodno mogao konkurirati Disneyjevim likovima iz stripova.

Film srednje duljine dobio je tri nominacije za Oscara 1944. godine, u kategorijama: Oscar za najbolju originalnu glazbu, Oscar za najbolju originalnu pjesmu (Saludos Amigos) i Oscar za najbolje miksanje zvuka (C. O. Slyfield).

Radnja
Ovaj film sadrži četiri različita segmenta, od kojih svaki počinje raznim isječcima Disneyjevih umjetnika diljem zemlje, crtajući vinjete nekih od lokalnih scenarija i kultura, koje opisuju izvan ekrana.

Lake Titicaca
U ovom segmentu, američki turist Paško Patak posjećuje jezero Titicaca u Peruu i susreće neke od mještana, uključujući tvrdoglavu ljamu.

Pedro
Pedro govori o malom antropomorfnom zrakoplovu iz zračne luke u blizini Santiaga u Čileu, koji se upušta u svoj prvi let kako bi preuzeo zračnu poštu iz Mendoze. S katastrofalnim posljedicama, uspijeva se sigurno vratiti na aerodrom s poštom, što je slučajno, jedna razglednica.

El Gaucho Goofy
U ovom segmentu, američkog kauboja Šilja pripovjedač odvodi iz Teksasa na argentinske Pampase kako bi naučio načine izvornog gauča.

Aquarela do Brasil
Aquarela do Brasil (portugalski za "Akvarel Brazila"), finale filma, uključuje potpuno novog lika, Joséa Cariocu iz Rio de Janeira u Brazilu, koji prikazuje Paška Patka po Južnoj Americi, pije Cachaçu (destilirano piće napravljeno od fermentiranog soka od šećerne trske) s njim i upoznaje ga sa sambom (uz melodije "Aquarela do Brasil" i "Tico-Tico no Fubá").

Glasovna postava
 Clarence Nash – Paško Patak (Donald Duck) (sinkronizirao i na portugalski, španjolski i talijanski jezik)
 José do Patrocínio Oliveira – José Carioca (sinkronizirao i na brazilski portugalski, španjolski, talijanski jezik)
 Pinto Colvig kao Šiljo (Goofy)
 Stuart Buchanan kao stjuart
 Fred Shields – pripovjedač
 Walt Disney kao samo sebe
 Lee Blair kao samog sebe
 Mary Blair kao samu sebe
 Norman Ferguson kao samog sebe
 Frank Graham kao samog sebe
 Frank Thomas kao samog sebe

Vanjske poveznice

Fantastični filmovi
Američki animirani filmovi 1940-ih

Saludos Amigos (1942.)


Çamaltı, Samsun ilinin Bafra ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

 Köy halkı Rize ve Trabzon'dan gelenler ile 1934'te Bulgaristan'ın Darı Dere ve Erma Reka kasabalarından gelen Pomaklar'dan meydana gelir. Pomaklarin kaçamak yemeği ve Klin isimli tatlısı yapılır, Pomaklar ana lisanlari pomakçayi konusur.

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 80 km, Bafra ilçesine 30 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Bafra'nın mahalleleri

Çamaltı, Bafra


Tofildijevke (lat. Tofieldiaceae), biljna porodica u redu žabočunolike kojoj pripada 4 roda s 19 vrsta. Glavni rod Tofieldia ime je dobio po britanskom botaničaru Thomasu Tofieldu, a na hrvatskom je poznat kao tofildija ili baluška.

Vrste ove porodice raširene su u arktičkim i subarktičkim krajevima Europe, Azije i Sjeverne Amerike, ali imaju izdanaka i u središnjoj Europi i Južnoj Americi. Čaškasta baluška (Tofieldia calyculata) trajna zeljasta biljka jedini je predstavnik ove porodice u Hrvatskoj, i vodi se kao kritično ugrožena i strogo zaštičena vrsta.

Rodovi
 Harperocallis McDaniel, 11 vrsta. Južna Amerika, Florida
 Pleea Michx., 1 vrsta. Sjeverna Amerika
 Tofieldia Huds., 12 vrsta. Euroazija, Sjeverna Amerika
 Triantha  (Nutt.) Baker, 4 vrste. Sjeverna Amerika

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Žabočunolike

Tofildijevke


John Robert Lewendon Maddicott,  (born  22 July 1943) is an English historian who has published works on the political and social history of England in the 13th and 14th centuries, and has also written a number of leading articles on the Anglo-Saxon economy, his second area of interest.

Born in Exeter, Devon, he was educated at Worcester College, Oxford. He has written a biography of Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, and one on Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester. In Hilary term 2004, he delivered the Ford Lectures, the most prestigious history lectures in Oxford University, on the topic of the genesis of the English Parliament.
He taught at the University of Manchester and was a fellow and tutor in history at Exeter College, Oxford, from 1969 until 2006. An elected Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), he was also joint editor of the English Historical Review from 1990 to 2000. In 2001 he delivered the British Academy's Raleigh Lecture on History.

Selected publications
Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-22: A Study in the Reign of Edward II. (Oxford, 1970)
"The English Peasantry and the Demands of the Crown, 1294-1341", Past and Present. Vol Supplement No. 1 (1975)
"Trade, Industry and the Wealth of King Alfred", Past and Present. Vol 123 (1989)
Simon de Montfort. (Cambridge, 1994); pbk reprint
 'An Infinite Multitude of Nobles': Quality, Quantity and Politics in the Pre-Reform Parliaments of Henry III, in Thirteenth Century England, vii (1999), pp. 17–46
"Power and prosperity in the Age of Bede and Beowulf", Proceedings of the British Academy. (2002)
The Origins of the English Parliament, 924-1327. (Oxford, 2010)

References

External links
Old home page at Exeter College
Current version of the home page at Exeter College
The Origins of the English Parliament, 924-1327 available on Amazon

1943 births
Living people
20th-century English historians
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
Fellows of Exeter College, Oxford
English male non-fiction writers
Fellows of the British Academy

John Maddicott


An Telipogon nirii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni James David Ackerman. An Telipogon nirii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Telipogon, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Telipogon

Telipogon nirii


Segundo Raúl Delgado Guerrero (San Juan de Pasto, 5 de septiembre de 1958) es un administrador público y político colombiano. Se formó en la Escuela Superior de Administración Pública, fue secretario de relaciones internacionales de la Federación Colombiana de Educadores, y fue alcalde de Pasto de 2004 a 2007.
Fue elegido gobernador de Nariño el 30 de octubre de 2011.

Hizo sus estudios primarios en la escuela rural mixta La Victoria,  posteriormente cursó su bachillerato en el Liceo de la Universidad de Nariño y, tras obtener el primer resultado entre los aspirantes al grado quinto de la Escuela Normal Nacional, se graduó como maestro por la misma en 1974.

Referencias

Nacidos en Pasto
Alumnado de la Universidad de Nariño
Alumnado de la ESAP
Alcaldes de San Juan de Pasto
Gobernadores de Nariño
Funcionarios durante el gobierno de Gustavo Petro

Raúl Delgado


La XV edición del Festival de Eurovisión de Jóvenes Músicos se celebró en el Rathausplatz de Viena (Austria) el 14 de mayo de 2010. La semifinal se celebró entre el sábado 8 de mayo y el domingo 9 de mayo de 2010 en el Theater an der Wien de Viena.

Países Participantes

Festival

Semifinal
La semifinal se celebró en 2 días, siendo la primera parte el 8 de mayo y la segunda parte el 9 de mayo de 2010:

Parte 1

Parte 2

Jurado de la Semifinal
 Werner Hink (Austria)
 Ranko Markovic (Austria)
 Aleksandar Markovic (Austria)
 Ingela Øien (Noruega) (Flöte)
 Hüseyin Sermet (Turquía)

Final
La final se celebró el viernes 14 de mayo de 2010 en el Rathausplatz de Viena con la participación de los 7 países clasificados:

resultados

finalistas

Jurado de la Final
 Péter Eötvös (Hungría)
 Werner Hink (Austria)
 Alexei Ogrintchouk (Rusia)
 Cristina Ortiz (Brasil)

 Ben Pateman (Reino Unido)

Enlaces externos
 Página web oficial

Predecesor y sucesor

Referencias

Festival de Eurovisión de Jóvenes Músicos
Festivales de música de 2010
Austria en 2010
Cultura de Viena

Festival de Eurovisión de Jóvenes Músicos 2010


Næs eller Sandager Næs en lille halvø i Sandager Sogn umiddelbart syd for Emtekær Nor, cirka 8 km nord for Assens på Fyn.

Arkitekten Hans Næss blev født på Næs.

Referencer

Lokaliteter i Assens Kommune

Næs (Sandager Sogn)


الكثافة النوعية  وتعطى الرمز (SG). تعرف على أنها النسبة بين كثافة جسم ما (صلب أو مائع) وبين كثافة الماء في درجة حرارة 4 مئوية وتحت 1 ضغط جوي. تعد الكثافة النوعية بلا وحدات. الأجسام التي تزيد كثافتها النوعية عن واحد تعد أكثر كثافة من الماء وإذا تجاهلنا تأثير التوتر السطحي، سوف تغرق في الماء. أما تلك التي تساوي كثافتها النوعية واحد أول أقل فسوف تطفو على سطح الماء.

تعد الكثافة النوعية حالة خاصة أو في بعض الأحيان كمرادف للكثافة النسبية، وغالبا ما يفضل مصطلح الكثافة النسبية في الكتابات العلمية الحديثة. يعد استخدام الكثافة النوعية غير محبذ في المجالات العلمية التي تتطلب دقة عالية، فتستخدم الكثافة (بوحدات الكتلة للحجم).

يعبر عن الكثافة النوعية بالقانون التالي:

الكثافة النوعية = كثافة المادة / كثافة الماء.

تختلف كثافة الماء حسب الحرارة والضغط، وغالبا ما يشار للكثافة النوعية عند درجة حرارة 4 مئوية وضغط طبيعي (1 ضغط جوي). يفضل استخدام كلا من هذه الحرارة والضغط لأن كثافة الماء تكون أكبر ما تكون في هذه الحالة وهي تساوي 1000 كجم/م³ في نظام الوحدات الدولي (62.43 رطل/قدم³ في نظام الوحدات الأمريكي.)

أمثلة على الكثافة النوعية
 الكثافة النوعية لخشب البلسا هي 0.2، إذن فهي تمثل 0.2 كثافة الماء.
 الكثافة النوعية للخرسانة المسلحة هي 2.5، إذن فهي تمثل 2.5 كثافة الماء.
 الكثافة النوعية للزئبق هي 13.56، إذن فهي تمثل 13.56 كثافة الماء.
 الكثافة النوعية لليورانيوم هي 19.1، إذن فهي تمثل 19.1 كثافة الماء.

انظر أيضًا

 كثافة نسبية
 مقياس الكثافة النوعية حسب معهد النفط الأمريكي

مراجع

كثافة
كميات فيزيائية
مفاهيم فيزيائية
نسبة

كثافة نوعية


صَرْفُ القبلة أو تحويلها هو توجّه المسلمين في صلاتهم إلى الكعبة بدلاً من المسجد الأقصى، قال ابن هشام "ويقال:صُرفت القبلة في شعبان، على رأس ثمانية عشر شهراً من مقدم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم المدينةَ"، ظل المسلمون طيلة العهد المكّي يتوجّهون في صلاتهم إلى المسجد الأقصى امتثالاً لأمر الله سبحانه وتعالى، الذي أمر باستقباله وجعله قبلةً للصلاة.
وفي تلك الأثناء كان رسول الله، يمتثل للحكم الإلهي وفي فؤاده أمنية كبيرة طالما راودته، وتتمثّل في التوجّه إلى الكعبة بدلاً من المسجد الأقصى، ذلك لأنها قبلة أبيه النبي إبراهيم وهو أولى الناس به، وأوّل بيتٍ وضع للناس، ولحرصه على أن تتميّز الأمة الإسلامية في عبادتها عن غيرها من الأمم التي حرّفت وبدّلت. ويدلّ على ذلك قول البراء بن عازب: . رواه البخاري.
وما كان لرسول الله أن يخالف أمر ربّه، بيد أنه استطاع الجمع بين رغبته في التوجّه إلى الكعبة وعدم مخالفة الأمر بالتوجّه إلى المسجد الأقصى بأن يصلّي أمام الكعبة ولكن متّجها إلى الشمال، كما يدلّ عليه الحديث الذي رواه ابن عباس حيث قال:  رواه أحمد.
ثم أذن الله بالهجرة، ووصل المسلمون إلى المدينة، وبُنيت المساجد، وشرع الأذان، والنبي لم ينس حبّه للكعبة ويحزنه ألا يستطيع استقبال القبلتين معا كما كان يفعل في مكّة، وكان شأنه بين أن يخفض رأسه خضوعاً لأمر الله وأن يرفعه أملاً في إجابة دعوته. ويصف القرآن الكريم حال النبي بقوله:  (البقرة: 144).
وفي منتصف شعبان، وبعد مرور ستة عشر شهراً من استقبال المسجد الأقصى، نزل جبريل عليه السلام بالوحي إلى النبي – – ليزفّ البشرى بالتوجّه إلى الكعبة، قال تعالى: (البقرة:.
ويحدّث الصحابي الجليل البراء بن عازب أن النبي كان أول ما قدم المدينة نزل على أخواله من الأنصار، وأنه صلى قبل المسجد الأقصى ستة عشر شهراً أو سبعة عشر شهراً، وكان يعجبه أن تكون قبلته قِبَل البيت الحرام، وأنه صلى أول صلاة صلاها مستقبلا الكعبة كانت صلاة العصر، وصلى معه قوم، فخرج رجل ممن صلى معه فمر على أهل مسجد وهم راكعون، فقال: أشهد بالله لقد صليت مع رسول الله قِبَل مكة فداروا كما هم قِبَل البيت، رواه البخاري.
وعلى الرغم من انتشار الخبر وذيوعه، إلا أنّه تأخّر عن أهل قباء حتى صلاة الصبح، فجاء إليهم رجل فقال: ، فتوجهوا إلى الكعبة، رواه البخاري.
ولأنّ نسخ الأحكام لم يكن معهوداّ عند المسلمين من قبل، كما قال ابن عباس: «... فأول ما نسخ من القرآن القبلة»، رواه النسائي، لذلك كرّر الله الأمر بها تأكيداً وتقريراً ثلاث مرّات: الأولى في قوله تعالى:  (البقرة: 144)، والثانية في قوله تعالى:  (البقرة: 149)، والثالثة في قوله تعالى: (البقرة: 150).
وقد تباينت ردود أفعال الناس تجاه هذا الحادث غير المألوف، أما المؤمنون فلم يترددوا لحظة عن التحوّل طاعةً لله ورسوله، فامتدحهم الله وبيّن لهم أن هذه الحادثة إنما كانت اختبارا للناس وامتحاناً لهم كما قال تعالى:  (البقرة: 143).
وأظهر بعض المسلمين القلق على من لم يكتب الله له شرف الصلاة إلى الكعبة ممن مات قبلهم، وخافوا من حبوط أعمالهم، وقالوا: يا رسول الله كيف بإخواننا الذين ماتوا وهم يصلون إلى بيت المقدس؟ فأنزل الله  (البقرة: 143) - يعني صلاتكم - رواه الترمذي وأصله في الصحيح.
وأما اليهود فقد عابوا على المسلمين رجوعهم عن المسجد الأقصى إلى الكعبة، وقابلوا ذلك بالسخرية والاستهجان، واستغلّوا ذلك الحدث بدهاءٍ ليمرّروا من خلاله الشكوك والتساؤلات طعناً في الشريعة وتعميةً لحقائقها، وقد حذّر الله سبحانه وتعالى المسلمين وأخبرهم بموقف اليهود قبل وقوعه فقال: (البقرة: 142).
وهكذا تحقّق للمسلمين فضل التوجّه إلى القبلتين جميعاً، واستطاعوا أن يجتازوا هذا الامتحان الإلهي، وبذلك نالوا شهادة الله:  (البقرة: 143)، وكان ذلك التحوّل إيذاناً بنهاية الشرك وسقوط رايته، وأصبحت الكعبة قبلةً للمسلمين إلى أن يرث الله الأرض ومن عليها.
كان في اليوم السابع عشر من شهر رجب في العام الثاني بعد الهجرة النبوية إلى المدينة، تحويل الصلاة قبلة من المسجد الأقصى إلى المسجد الحرام. كما قيل أن ذلك كان في ثامن أيام المحرم من العام عينه، أثناء الركعة الثانية من صلاة الظهر كما قيل ان ذلك في نصف شعبان.
وقد صلى المؤمنون نحو المسجد الأقصى حوالي ستة عشرة شهرًا إلى أن وقع نسخ بقوله تعالى .

مراجع

فقه إسلامي
مصطلحات إسلامية

تحويل القبلة


Iron(III) chloride describes the inorganic compounds with the formula (H2O)x. Also called ferric chloride, these compounds are some of the most important and commonplace compounds of iron.  They are available both in anhydrous and in hydrated forms which are both hygroscopic. They feature iron in its +3 oxidation state. The anhydrous derivative is a Lewis acid, while all forms are mild oxidizing agent. It is used as a water cleaner and as an etchant for metals.

Electronic and optical properties

All forms of ferric chloride are paramagnetic, owing to the presence of unpaired electrons residing in 3d orbitals.   Although Fe(III) chloride can be octahedral or tetrahedral (or both, see structure section), all of these forms have five unpaired electrons, one per d-orbial.  The high spin d5 electronic configuration requires that d-d electronic transitions are spin forbidden, in addition to violating the Laporte Rule.  This double forbidden-ness results in its solutions being only pale colored.  Or, stated more technically, the optical transitions are non-intense. Aqueous ferric sulfate and ferric nitrate, which contain , are nearly colorless, whereas the chloride solutions are yellow. Clearly, the chloride ligands significantly influence the optical properties of the iron center.

Structure
Iron(III) chloride can exist as an anhydrous material and a series of hydrates.  Their structures are quite distinct.

Anhydrous
The anhydrous compound is a hygroscopic crystalline solid with a melting point of 307.6 °C. The colour depends on the viewing angle: by reflected light, the crystals appear dark green, but by transmitted light, they appear purple-red. Anhydrous iron(III) chloride has the  structure, with octahedral Fe(III) centres interconnected by two-coordinate chloride ligands.

Iron(III) chloride has a relatively low melting point and boils at around 315 °C. The vapor consists of the dimer , much like aluminium chloride.  This dimer dissociates into the monomeric  (with D3h point group molecular symmetry) at higher temperatures, in competition with its reversible decomposition to give iron(II) chloride and chlorine gas.

Hydrates
Ferric chloride form hydrates upon exposure to water, reflecting its Lewis acidity. All hydrates exhibit deliquescence, meaning that they become liquid by absorbing moisture from the air.  Hydration invariably gives derivatives of aquo complexes with the formula . This cation can adopt either trans or cis stereochemistry, reflecting the relative location of the chloride ligands on the octahedral Fe center. Four hydrates have been characterized by X-ray crystallography: the dihydrate ,  the disesquihydrate , the trisesquihydrate , and finally the hexahydrate . These species differ with respect to the stereochemistry of the octahedral iron cation, the identity of the anions, and the presence or absence of water of crystallization. The structural formulas are , , , and .  The first three members of this series have the tetrahedral tetrachloroferrate () anion.

Solution

Like the solid hydrates, aqueous solutions of ferric chloride also consist of the octahedral  of unspecified stereochemistry. Detailed speciation of aqueous solutions of ferric chloride is challenging because the individual components do not have distinctive spectroscopic signatures. Iron(III) complexes, with a high spin d5 configuration, is kinetically labile, which means that ligands rapidly dissociate and reassociate.  A further complication is that these solutions are strongly acidic, as expected for aquo complexes of a tricationic metal.  Iron aquo complexes are prone to olation, the formation of polymeric oxo derivatives.  Dilute solutions of ferric chloride produce soluble nanoparticles with molecular weight of 104, which exhibit the property of "aging", i.e., the structure change or evolve over the course of days.  The polymeric species formed by the hydrolysis of ferric chlorides are key to the use of ferric chloride for water treatment.

In contrast to the complicated behavior of its aqueous solutions, solutions of iron(III) chloride in diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are well-behaved. Both ethers form 1:2 adducts of the general formula FeCl3(ether)2. In these complexes, the iron is pentacoordinate.

Preparation
Several hundred thousand kilograms of anhydrous iron(III) chloride are produced annually. The principal method, called direct chlorination, uses scrap iron as a precursor:

The reaction is conducted at several hundred degrees such that the product is gaseous. Using excess chlorine guarantees that the intermediate ferrous chloride is converted to the ferric state. A similar but laboratory-scale process also has been described.

Aqueous solutions of iron(III) chloride are also produced industrially from a number of iron precursors, including iron oxides:

In complementary route, iron metal can be oxidized by hydrochloric acid followed by chlorination:

A number of variables apply to these processes, including the oxidation of iron by ferric chloride and the hydration of intermediates.  Hydrates of iron(III) chloride do not readily yield anhydrous ferric chloride. Attempted thermal dehydration yields hydrochloric acid and iron oxychloride.  In the laboratory, hydrated iron(III) chloride can be converted to the anhydrous form by treatment with thionyl chloride or trimethylsilyl chloride:

Reactions
Being high spin d5 electronic configuration iron(III) chlorides are labile, meaning that its Cl- and H2O ligands exchange rapidly with free chloride and water. In contrast to their kinetic lability, iron(III) chlorides are thermodynamically robust, as reflected by the vigorous methods applied to their synthesis, as described above.

Anhydrous FeCl3
Aside from lability, which applies to anhydrous and hydrated forms, the reactivity of anhydrous ferric chloride reveals two trends: It is a Lewis acid and an oxidizing agent.

Reactions of anhydrous iron(III) chloride reflect its description as both oxophilic and a hard Lewis acid. Myriad manifestations of the oxophiliicty of iron(III) chloride are available. When heated with iron(III) oxide at 350 °C it reactions to give iron oxychloride:

Alkali metal alkoxides react to give the iron(III) alkoxide complexes. These products have more complicated structures than anhydrous iron(III) chloride. In the solid phase a variety of multinuclear complexes have been described for the nominal stoichiometric reaction between  and sodium ethoxide:

Iron(III) chloride forms a 1:2 adduct with Lewis bases such as triphenylphosphine oxide; e.g., . The related 1:2 complex , has been crystallized from ether solution.

Iron(III) chloride also reacts with tetraethylammonium chloride to give the yellow salt of the tetrachloroferrate ion (). Similarly combining FeCl3 with NaCl and KCl gives  and , respectively.

In addition to these simple stoichiometric reactions, the Lewis acidity of ferric chloride enables its use in a variety of acid-catalyzed reactions as described below in the section on organic chemistry.

In terms of its being an oxidant, iron(III) chloride oxidizes iron powder to form iron(II) chloride via a comproportionation reaction:

A traditional synthesis of anhydrous ferrous chloride is the reduction of FeCl3 with chlorobenzene:

iron(III) chloride releases chlorine gas when heated above 160 °C, generating ferrous chloride:

To suppress this reaction, the preparation of iron(III) chloride requires an excess of chlorinating agent, as discussed above.

Hydrated FeCl3
Unlike the anhydrous material, hydrated ferric chloride is not a particularly strong Lewis acid.  After all, the water ligands have quenched the Lewis acidity by binding to Fe(III).

Like the anhydrous material, hydrated ferric chloride is oxophilic.  For example, oxalate salts react rapidly with aqueous iron(III) chloride to give , known as ferrioxalate. Other carboxylate sources, e.g., citrate and tartrate, bind as well to give carboxylate complexes. The affinity of iron(III) for oxygen ligands was the basis of qualitative tests for phenols. Although superseded by spectroscopic methods, the ferric chloride test is a traditional colorimetric test. The affinity of iron(III) for phenols is exploited in the Trinder spot test.

Aqueous iron(III) chloride serves as a one-electron oxidant illustrated by its reaction with copper(I) chloride to give copper(II) chloride and iron(II) chloride.

This fundamental reaction is relevant to the use of ferric chloride solutions in etching copper.

Organometallic chemistry
The interaction of anhydrous iron(III) chloride with organolithium and organomagnesium compounds has been examined often. These studies are enabled because of the solubility of FeCl3 in ethereal solvents, which avoids the possibility of hydrolysis of the nucleophilic alkylating agents. Such studies may be relevant to the mechanism of FeCl3-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The isolation of organoiron(III) intermediates requires low-temperature reactions, lest the [FeR4]- intermediates degrade. Using methylmagnesium bromide as the alkylation agent, salts of Fe(CH3)4]- have been isolated. Illustrating the sensitivity of these reactions, methyl lithium  reacts with iron(III) chloride to give lithium tetrachloroferrate(II) :

To a significant extent, iron(III) acetylacetonate and related beta-diketonate complexes are more widely used than FeCl3 as ether-soluble sources of ferric ion.  These diketonate complexes have the advantages that they do not form hydrates, unlike iron(III) chloride, and they are more soluble in relevant solvents.
Cyclopentadienyl magnesium bromide undergoes a complex reaction with iron(III) chloride, resulting in ferrocene:

This conversion, although not of practical value, was important in the history of organometallic chemistry where ferrocene is emblematic of the field.

Uses

Water treatment
In the largest application iron(III) chloride is in sewage treatment and drinking water production.  By forming highly dispersed networks of Fe-O-Fe containing materials, ferric chlorides serve as coagulant and flocculants. In this application, an aqueous solution of  is treated with base to form a floc of iron(III) hydroxide (), also formulated as FeO(OH) (ferrihydrite). This floc facilitates the separation of suspended materials, clarifying the water.

Iron(III) chloride is also used to remove soluble phosphate from wastewater. Iron(III) phosphate is insoluble and thus precipitates as a solid. One potential advantage to its use in water treatment, ferric ion oxidizes (deodorizes) hydrogen sulfide.

Etching and metal cleaning
It is also used as a leaching agent in chloride hydrometallurgy, for example in the production of Si from FeSi (Silgrain process by Elkem).

In another commercial application, a solution of iron(III) chloride is useful for etching copper according to the following equation:

The soluble copper(II) chloride is rinsed away, leaving a copper pattern. This chemistry is used in the production of printed circuit boards (PCB).

Iron(III) chloride is used in many other hobbies involving metallic objects.

Organic chemistry

In industry, iron(III) chloride is used as a catalyst for the reaction of ethylene with chlorine, forming ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane):

Ethylene dichloride is a commodity chemical, which is mainly used for the industrial production of vinyl chloride, the monomer for making PVC.

Illustrating it use as a Lewis acid, iron(III) chloride catalyses electrophilic aromatic substitution and chlorinations. In this role, its function is similar to that of aluminium chloride. In some cases, mixtures of the two are used.

Organic synthesis research
Although iron(III) chlorides are seldom used in practical organic synthesis, they have received considerable attention as reagents because they are inexpensive, earth abundant. relatively nontoxic.
Many experiments probe both its redox activity and its Lewis acidity.  For example, iron(III) chloride oxidizes naphthols to naphthoquinones:  3-Alkylthiophenes are polymerized to polythiophenes upon treatment with ferric chloride.  Iron(III) chloride has been shown to promote C-C coupling reaction.

Several reagents for  have been developed based on supported iron(III) chloride.  On silica gel, the anhydrous salt has been applied to certain dehydration and pinacol-type rearrangement reactions. A similar reagent but moistened induces hydrolysis or epimerization reactions. On alumina ferric chloride has been shown to accelerate ene reactions.

When pretreated with sodium hydride, iron(III) chloride gives a hydride reducing agent that convert alkenes and ketones into alkanes and alcohols, respectfully.

Histology
Iron(III) chloride is a component of useful stains, such as Carnoy's solution, a histological fixative with many applications. Also, it is used to prepare Verhoeff's stain.

Natural occurrence
Like many metal halides,  naturally occurs as a trace mineral . The rare mineral molysite is usually associated with volcanoes and fumaroles.

-based aerosol are produced by a reaction between iron-rich dust and hydrochloric acid from sea salt. This iron salt aerosol causes about 1-5% of naturally-occurring oxidization of methane and is thought to have a range of cooling effects. Therefore it has been proposed as a catalyst for Atmospheric Methane Removal.

The clouds of Venus are hypothesized to contain approximately 1%  dissolved in sulfuric acid.

Safety
Iron(III) chlorides are widely used in production of drinking water, so obviously they pose few problems as poisons, at low concentrations. Nonetheless, anhydrous iron(III) chloride, as well as concentrated  aqueous solution, is highly corrosive, and must be handled using proper protective equipment. (It will also both stain and damage clothing.)

Notes

References

Further reading

Chlorides
Iron(III) compounds
Metal halides
Coordination complexes
Deliquescent substances
Dehydrating agents
Acid catalysts

Iron(III) chloride


SheBelieves Cup 2017 var anden udgave af SheBelieves Cup, som er en fodboldturnering for kvinder pr. invitation, der holdes i USA. Turneringen fandt sted mellem 1. og 7. marts 2017.

De fire deltagende hold var rangeret som nummer 1, 2, 3 og 5 på FIFA's verdensrangliste for kvinder. Algarve Cup og Cyprus Cup blev afholdt samtidig i henholdsvis Portugal og Cypern. Frankrig vandt turneringen for første gang, de vandt to kampe og spillede en uafgjort.

Hold

Format
De fire inviterede hold spillede i en round-robin turnering.

Points der blev givet i gruppespillet fulgte standard regler for 3 points for en sejr, et point for uafgjort og nul point for at tabe.

Stillinger

Resultater
Alle tider er lokale (UTC−5).

Endelige placeringer

Målscorere
2 mål

 Camille Abily

1 mål

 Jordan Nobbs
 Ellen White
 Marie-Laure Delie
 Eugénie Le Sommer
 Wendie Renard
 Anja Mittag
 Lynn Williams

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
2017 SheBelieves Cup – Tournament

2017
Fodbold i 2017

SheBelieves Cup 2017


Die Evangelische Kirche Züttlingen ist die evangelische Pfarrkirche von Züttlingen, einem Stadtteil von Möckmühl im Landkreis Heilbronn im nördlichen Baden-Württemberg.

Geschichte
Züttlingen, wo Kirche und Pfarrei seit 1325 nachgewiesen sind, wurde seit dem 16. Jahrhundert kirchlich vom benachbarten Assumstadt aus versorgt. Nachdem die Kirche in Assumstadt 1795 wegen Baufälligkeit abgerissen worden war, fanden die Gottesdienste wieder in der alten Züttlinger Kirche auf dem Friedhof des Ortes statt, bis auch diese wegen Baufälligkeit 1844 größtenteils abgerissen wurde. Der erhalten gebliebene Chor der alten Kirche wurde später zur Grabkapelle der Freiherren von Ellrichshausen umgebaut.

Die kirchliche Situation in Züttlingen war wegen der baufälligen und schließlich im späten 18. und frühen 19. Jahrhundert abgerissenen alten Kirchen lange unbefriedigend. Zwar hatte es bereits im 18. Jahrhundert einen Aufruf der Ritterschaft zur Kollekte für einen Kirchenneubau gegeben, doch hatten andere Bauvorhaben wie das 1766 erbaute Pfarrhaus und das 1769 erbaute Schloss Assumstadt Vorrang. Für den Neubau der evangelischen Kirche in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts waren dann auch lange Verhandlungen nötig, bis dessen Finanzierung gesichert war. Die Freiherren von Ellrichshausen gaben 1500 Gulden, Generalmajor Franz Karl von Troyff auf Schloss Domeneck gab 500 Gulden, von der Zuckerfabrik in Züttlingen kamen 200 Gulden und Württemberg leistete einen Staatsbeitrag von 1000 Gulden.

Nach Plänen von Louis de Millas wurde schließlich 1856/57 östlich oberhalb des alten Ortskerns die heutige evangelische Kirche im neoromanischen Rundbogenstil von Handwerkern aus den umliegenden Orten errichtet. Die Baukosten betrugen 27.340 Gulden, die Weihe der Kirche erfolgte am 15. November 1857. De Millas sagte dem Bauwerk eine Lebenszeit von 450 Jahren zu.

Beim Bau der Kirche ereignete sich ein tragisches Unglück, als sich ein junger Maurer am 6. November 1856 beim Sturz von einem Baugerüst tödliche Gehirnverletzungen zuzog.

Anlässlich des 100. Geburtstags der Kirche, der am 29. Juni 1958 feierlich begangen wurde, wurde die Kirche renoviert und erhielt sie neue Glasfenster. 1969/72 und 1992 schlossen sich neuerliche Renovierungen an.

Beschreibung
Der Hauptzugang der Kirche erfolgt durch den Sockel des eingezogenen Turms im Westen. Das Langhaus mit jeweils fünf Fensterachsen zu beiden Seiten erstreckt sich nach Osten und wird an der östlichen Giebelseite durch einen Triumphbogen abgeschlossen, der sich zum um drei Stufen erhöhten polygonalen Chor öffnet.

Das ursprüngliche Geläut im Turm der Kirche bestand aus drei Glocken. Eine der alten Glocken der Kirchen in Assumstadt und Züttlingen wurde noch original verwendet, die beiden anderen Glocken wurden in der Glockengießerei Bachert in Kochendorf (Bad Friedrichshall) aus dem alten Glockenmaterial umgegossen.

Literatur
Beschreibung des Oberamts Neckarsulm, Stuttgart 1881, S. 674 (Digitalisat bei https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de).
 Evangelische Kirchengemeinden des Bezirks Neuenstadt am Kocher (Hrsg.): Unsere Heimat, die Kirche. Heimatbuch des Bezirks Neuenstadt am Kocher. Bilder aus dem Bezirk Neuenstadt. Stuttgart 1959, S. 101–103.
 Julius Fekete: Kunst- und Kulturdenkmale im Stadt- und Landkreis Heilbronn. Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1662-2, S. 236.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Züttlingen

Kirchengebäude in Möckmühl
Mockmuhl, Zuttlingen
Kulturdenkmal in Möckmühl
Zuttlingen
Erbaut in den 1850er Jahren
Mockmuhl
Kirchengebäude in Europa
Bauwerk des Historismus im Landkreis Heilbronn
Bauwerk des Rundbogenstils in Baden-Württemberg

Evangelische Kirche (Züttlingen)


Justin Lo (1 de julio de 1976, Nueva York, Estados Unidos), es un cantante, compositor, productor y actor de estadounidense.

Biografía

Lo nació en el Syracuse, Nueva York, y se trasladó a Hong Kong con sus padres cuando tenía unos dos años de edad. Estudió en la escuela primaria de San Pablo y en el Colegio de St. Paul. En 1989, se trasladó a Seattle, Washington, en Estados Unidos para continuar con sus estudios. Pasó dos años en la Universidad de Washington y terminó su licenciatura en Diseño Gráfico en la Rhode Island School of Design en Providence, Rhode Island en 1999. Tras graduarse, trabajó como diseñador de páginas web de Yahoo en Sunnyvale, California.

Lo creció en el seno de una familia de músicos, donde siempre se ha desempeñado para desarrollar como un oficio importante. Su tío, Ted Lo, es un famoso arreglista musical y productor discográfico en Hong Kong. Además, compuso canciones para el Coro Infantil de Hong Kong, y que desarrolló un gran interés sobre la música en su juventud. En 1981, el compositor Joseph Koo Ka-Fai invitó a Justin y a su hermana menor, Roxane a cantar para un anuncio de la muñeca Barbie.

Debido a su verdadero interés por la música, decidió regresar a Hong Kong para continuar su carrera musical.

Discografía
 29 November 2005 — Justin (Debut Studio Album)
 24 March 2006 — No Protection (Second studio album)
 26 March 2006 — 側田 One Good Show (Concert)
 18 April 2006 —  側田 Two Good Shows (Concert)
 5 July 2006 — No Protection (Dual Disc Version)
 16 March 2007 — 港樂Ⅹ側田In Love with the Philharmonic Live CD (Concert)
 April, 2007 — 港樂Ⅹ側田In Love with the Philharmonic Live CD + Karaoke DVD (Concert)
 16 November 2007 — JTV (Third Studio Album)
 30 September 2008 — Justin (阿田) (Fourth Studio Album)
 5 December 2008 — Air Justin 08 Live (Concert)
 2 March 2009 — From JUSTIN - Collection of His First 3 Years  (2CD + Karaoke DVD))
 22 June 2010 — I Never Changed Love Addiction (我沒有變過 愛的習慣) (Fifth Studio Album)

Filmografía
 72 Tenants of Prosperity (2010)
 Love Connected (2009)
 Love @ First Note (2006)
 2 Become 1 (2006)
 "The Conrad Boys" (2006)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Official website
 Justin interview
 Justin interview (sound, photo & video, about jtv)
 photo & info of Justin

Cantautores de la República Popular China
Cantautores de Hong Kong
Alumnado de la Escuela de Diseño de Rhode Island

Justin Lo


إليزابيث كريوسون باريس Elizabeth Crewson Paris هي قاضية أمريكية في محكمة الضرائب الأمريكية. عينها الرئيس الأمريكي جورج بوش في فبراير 2008، صدق مجلس الشيوخ على تعيينها في يوليو 2008، وأدت اليمين في 1 أغسطس 2008. وستنتهي فترتها في المنصب في سنة 2023.

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من ألتوس (أوكلاهوما)
أشخاص من تلسا
أمريكيات في القرن 21
خريجو جامعة تلسا
صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الولادة (أشخاص أحياء)
قاضيات أمريكيات
قاضيات في القرن 21
قضاة أمريكيون في القرن 21
محامون من تلسا (أوكلاهوما)
مواليد 1958
نساء أمريكيات
قاضيات أمريكيات في القرن 21

إليزابيث باريس


Oberwart (; ; ) is a town in Burgenland in southeast Austria on the banks of the Pinka River, and the capital of the district of the same name. With almost 8,000 inhabitants it's the third largest town in Burgenland, after Eisenstadt and Neusiedl am See. Oberwart is the cultural capital of the small ethnic Hungarian minority in Burgenland, living in the Upper Őrség or Wart microregion.

History
The settlement was established in the 11th century by the guards of the Hungarian frontier (őrs) together with Unterwart (Alsóőr) and Siget in der Wart (Őrisziget). It was first mentioned in historical documents in 1327 under the name Superior Eör. It was part of the old county of Vas until 1921. Old surnames and the special local dialect shows that the population was related to the Székelys of Transylvania (i.e. the guards of the eastern border of Kingdom of Hungary).

The community of the őrs received the privileges of the nobles by King Charles I of Hungary in the 14th century. The privileges were acknowledged by Rudolph I in 1582. The village was partially destroyed by the Ottoman army in 1532.

Reformation appeared in Felsőőr in the 16th century, and it was backed by the mighty counts of Battyhány. Pastor Ferenc Eőri took part in the synod of 1618. In the Age of Counter-Reformation, most of the region had to return to Roman Catholic faith, but the free noble village of Felsőőr remained Calvinist. In 1673 the army occupied the church and the school to give them back to the Catholics. The rectory was destroyed, and the pastor expelled. The villagers erected a new church in 1681 from wood. According to the laws of the Diet of 1681, Felsőőr became an "articular place" which means that it was the only legal place to practice Protestant religion for the whole region.

The villagers participated in the Hungarian national uprising of István Bocskay in 1605, and of Count Francis II Rákóczi in 1705. In 1706 the Austrian army of General Sigbert Heister sacked Felsőőr. In 1841 the village got the right to hold a market. In the time of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the villagers defeated (with the help of a Hussar troop) a smaller Croatian army. Later they had to pay a huge amount of tribute to avoid collective punishment.

Geographer Elek Fényes described the village in 1851 as an important and historically significant őr settlement:
 "The fields are of only average fertility but the meadows are good. Has got sufficient wood and pasture. The inhabitants are the most diligent in the county: they are not only cultivating flax and breeding horses but they produce cloth and lint, make knives and other ironworks, practice crafts and trade."
At that time, 41 noble families lived in Felső-Őr. Some typical family names were: Ádám, Adorján, Albert, Andorkó, Balás, Bertha, Bertók, Fábián, Fülöp, Gál, Imre, Kázmér, Miklós, Orbán, Pál, Pongrácz, etc.

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the village began to develop rapidly, and the population reached 3900 people in 1910. According to the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, Felsőőr was annexed by Austria, but the Hungarian population opposed the decision and organised a movement to establish the autonomous province of Lajtabánság. In November 1921, the Austrian army occupied the village.

After the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938, the Jewish inhabitants of the village (appr. 140 people) were deported, and the synagogue was transformed into a fire department depot. According to the Nazi policy of Germanisation, the old Hungarian school of the Reformed Church was secularized. In 1939 Oberwart was incorporated as a town. In April 1945 the Red Army occupied Oberwart after a week of fierce fighting and plundered the half-destroyed town. In the 1950s and 1960s, Oberwart was rebuilt and thoroughly modernized. On 2 September 1984, the European number-one hit Live Is Life by Opus was recorded on a concert in Oberwart in a live version with the audience singing along.

On 5 February 1995, close to a Romani housing in Oberwart, the racist terrorist Franz Fuchs killed four young Romani men using a booby trap connected to a sign with the words "Roma zurück nach Indien" ("Roma go back to India").

Sights
 Reformed Church - The present imposing Baroque church was built in 1771-73 by Christoph Preising. The tower was built in 1808-09 by Matthias Preising. The furniture, the pulpit and the ecclesiastical equipment are valuable art pieces from the 18-19th centuries.
 Old Rectory - The Old Rectory was built in 1784, next to the Reformed Church in rural Baroque style, with an arcaded porch. It was enlarged in 1823. Today it is a community center and museum. The old documents of the Calvinist community (for example the parish registers since 1732) are important historical sources.
 Former School of the Reformed Church - The famous school of the church was founded in the 17th century. The old school building behind the church was built in 1802.
Old Parish Church - The old parish church of the Ascension was enlarged and rebuilt in Gothic style in 1463. In the 16-17th centuries it was a Calvinist church. The huge tower was built that time in 1656 under the pastoral service of János Szeremley. The church was rebuilt in Baroque style in 1728 and 1778. The restoration in 1975 revealed the medieval architectural details and murals in the apse from the 14th century (St George and St Michael). The furniture is Baroque from the 18th century.
New Parish Church - The modern concrete-and-glass church and religious center was built in 1967-69 by the plans of Günther Domenig and Eilfried Huth.
 Evangelical Church - It was built between 1812 and 1815 in Neo-Classical style. The evangelical parish has been always the third in numbers behind the other two religion in Oberwart (for example 684 people in 1880 and 1198 in 2001).
 Flea Market - On the first Saturday of every month, a flea market is held in central Oberwart.

Hungarians

In the course of the 20th century a language shift occurred in local population, changing the use of Hungarian to German. Magyars lost their historical majority in Felsőőr/Oberwart but the town remained the most important Hungarian educational, religious and cultural centre in Burgenland.

Nowadays there are appr. 1100 ethnic Hungarian inhabitants of the town, mostly members of the Calvinist parish. Felsőőr is the oldest Calvinist congregation in Austria.  The Christian Reading Club of Young Men (founded in 1889) is an important cultural association of the Hungarian minority with a library, folk dance group and theater group. The new cultural center of the Calvinist Church was built in 1956-57. The Hungarian kindergarten was reestablished after World War II in 1951 and a new Bilingual Secondary School was set up in 1992.

The old Hungarian district of the town is called Fölszeg (i.e. Upper End). The neighbourhood is the oldest part of the town with narrow lanes and more than one hundred old houses which are typical examples of the rural architecture of the Felső-Őrség. The vaulted porches and the stuccoed gables are characteristic architectural features.

Coat-of-arms
The old coat-of-arms of Felsőőr depicted a medieval Hungarian frontier-guard (Hungarian: őr) with two swords in his hands, one raised as the symbol of attack, the other crossed as the symbol of defence.  The inscription of the arms was Nobiles de Felső-Eőr. The new coat-of-arms of Oberwart was granted in 1972. The main feature of the old arms - the figure of the frontier-guard - was kept but the details changed and the inscription disappeared.

Demographics

According to geographer Elek Fényes, in 1851 Felső-Őr was a Hungarian village with a population of 2323 people. Calvinists were the largest religious group (60%), followed by Roman Catholics (26%), Lutherans (13%) and only 10 Jews.

The population statistics of Oberwart/Felsőőr recorded by official Hungarian and Austrian censuses were:

The population of the town increased continuously during the last 150 years with only two smaller setbacks caused by World War I and World War II. Hungarians were the most populous ethnicity until 1951 when German speaking people were recorded for the first time as the largest group. The number of Hungarians reached its peak in 1920 with 3,138 people (75% of the total population). In the second half of the 20th century they decreased both in numbers and percentage, reaching the lowest point in 1971 with only 204 people. The community was growing again in the last decades of the century. The small Roma minority disappeared after the hardships of Nazi rule. The number of Croatians only began growing in the last two decades of the 20th century.

Sports
Oberwart is home to Oberwart Gunners of the Austrian Basketball Bundesliga.

References

External links

Cities and towns in Oberwart District
Holocaust locations in Austria

Oberwart


Larissa Kalaus (Koprivnica, 24. lipnja 1996.) je  hrvatska rukometašica te članica Podravke iz Koprivnice. Igra na mjestu srednjeg vanjskog.

Karijera
Karijeru je započela u Križevcima igrajući za RK Mlinar, današnji RK Radnik Križevci. Nakon završene osnovne škole upisuje Gimnaziju u Križevcima te igra u Koki i Podravki. Nakon završene srednje škole Larissa upisuje studij u Zagrebu te počinje igrati za RK Lokomotivu gdje postaje jedna od ključnih igračica. S Lokomotivom je u sezoni 2016./17. osvojila EHF Challenge Cup. Dana 28. siječnja 2021. godine potpisuje ugovor s najtrofejnijim ženskim rukometnim klubom Podravkom Vegetom iz Koprivnice u koji prelazi u lipnju iste godine. Nastupala je za Hrvatsku na dva Europska prvenstva 2018. i 2020. godine i na jednom Svjetskom prvenstvu i to 2021. u Španjolskoj. Ima sestru blizanku Doru koja je također rukometašica.

Izvori

Hrvatski rukometaši
Životopisi, Križevci
Rukometašice ŽRK Lokomotiva Zagreb
Rukometašice ŽRK Podravka Vegeta

Larissa Kalaus


El término Armero puede referirse a:

Localidades
 Armero, municipio del departamento del Tolima, en Colombia.

Personajes
 Francisco Armero y Fernández de Peñaranda, marqués del Nervión y grande de España (1804 - 1867),  marino y político español.
 Nicanor Armero Iranzo, viticultor español, alcalde del Ayuntamiento de Requena y procurador en las Cortes Españolas.
 Pablo Armero (1986),  futbolista colombiano.
 José León Armero Racines, prócer de la independencia de Colombia.
 Julio Garavito Armero, astrónomo, matemático, economista, poeta e ingeniero colombiano.

Oficio
 Armero, persona que desempeña el oficio dedicado a la fabricación, reparación, venta y limpieza de armas.

Ocasiones
 Tragedia de Armero, ocurrido en el municipio del mismo nombre el 13 de noviembre de 1985.

Varios
 Armero (gabinete), escaparate de armas.
 Armero (película), filme sobre la tragedia de Armero.

Armero (desambiguación)


Ostak (svinjak, lat. Sonchus), rod jednogodišnjeg raslinja, trajnica i grmova iz porodice Compositae. Oko 100 vrsta rašireno je po Starom svijetu (Euroazija i Afrika) i Australiji, dok su na područje Amerike neke vrste naknadno uvezene.

U Hrvatskoj raste nekoliko vrsta: poljski ostak, oštri ostak, primorski ostak, zeljasti ostak, močvarni ostak i nježni ostak.

Vrste

 Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours.
 Sonchus aemulus Merino
 Sonchus afromontanus R.E.Fr.
 Sonchus araraticus Nazarova & Barsegyan
 Sonchus arboreus DC.
 Sonchus arvensis L., poljski ostak, livadni ostak
 Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, oštri ostak
 Sonchus × beltraniae U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
 Sonchus berteroanus (Decne.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
 Sonchus bipontini Asch.
 Sonchus bornmuelleri Pit.
 Sonchus bourgeaui Sch.Bip.
 Sonchus brachylobus Webb & Berthel.
 Sonchus brachyotus DC.
 Sonchus brassicifolius S.C.Kim & Mejías
 Sonchus briquetianus Gand.
 Sonchus bupleuroides (Font Quer) N.Kilian & Greuter
 Sonchus camporum (R.E.Fr.) Boulos ex C.Jeffrey
 Sonchus canariensis (Sch.Bip.) Boulos
 Sonchus capillaris Svent.
 Sonchus cavanillesii Caball.
 Sonchus congestus Willd.
 Sonchus crassifolius Pourr. ex Willd.
 Sonchus daltonii Webb
 Sonchus dregeanus DC.
 Sonchus erzincanicus V.A.Matthews
 Sonchus esperanzae N.Kilian & Greuter
 Sonchus fauces-orci Knocke
 Sonchus fragilis Ball
 Sonchus friesii Boulos
 Sonchus fruticosus L.f.
 Sonchus gandogeri Pit.
 Sonchus gigas Boulos ex Humbert
 Sonchus glaucescens Jord.
 Sonchus gomeraensis Boulos
 Sonchus grandifolius Kirk
 Sonchus gummifer Link
 Sonchus heterophyllus (Boulos) U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
 Sonchus hierrensis (Pit.) Boulos
 Sonchus hotha C.B.Clarke
 Sonchus hydrophilus Boulos
 Sonchus integrifolius Harv.
 Sonchus jacottetianus Thell.
 Sonchus jainii Chandrab., V.Chandras. & N.C.Nair
 Sonchus × jaquiniocephalus Svent.
 Sonchus kirkii Hamlin
 Sonchus laceratus (Phil.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
 Sonchus latifolius (Lowe) R.Jardim & M.Seq.
 Sonchus leptocephalus Cass.
 Sonchus lidii Boulos
 Sonchus lobatiflorus S.C.Kim & Mejías
 Sonchus luxurians (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey
 Sonchus macrocarpus Boulos & C.Jeffrey
 Sonchus maculigerus H.Lindb.
 Sonchus malayanus Miq.
 Sonchus marginatus (Bertero ex Decne.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
 Sonchus maritimus L., primorski ostak
 Sonchus masguindalii Pau & Font Quer
 Sonchus mauritanicus Boiss. & Reut.
 Sonchus × maynari Svent.
 Sonchus megalocarpus (Hook.f.) J.M.Black
 Sonchus melanolepis Fresen.
 Sonchus micranthus (Bertero ex Decne.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
 Sonchus microcarpus (Boulos) U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
 Sonchus microcephalus Mejías
 Sonchus nanus Sond. ex Harv.
 Sonchus neriifolius (Decne.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
 Sonchus novae-zelandiae (Hook.f.) B.D.Jacks.
 Sonchus × novocastellanus Cirujano
 Sonchus obtusilobus R.E.Fr.
 Sonchus oleraceus L.,  zeljasti ostak
 Sonchus ortunoi Svent.
 Sonchus palmensis (Sch.Bip.) Boulos
 Sonchus palustris L., močvarni ostak
 Sonchus parathalassius J.G.Costa ex R.Jardim & M.Seq.
 Sonchus pendulus (Sch.Bip.) Sennikov
 Sonchus phoeniciformis S.C.Kim & Mejías
 Sonchus pinnatifidus Cav.
 Sonchus pinnatus Aiton
 Sonchus pitardii Boulos
 Sonchus platylepis Webb & Berthel.
 Sonchus pruinatus (Johow) S.C.Kim & Mejías
 Sonchus pustulatus Willk.
 Sonchus radicatus Aiton
 Sonchus regis-jubae Pit.
 Sonchus regius (Skottsb.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
 Sonchus × rokosensis Sutorý
 Sonchus saudensis Boulos
 Sonchus schweinfurthii Oliv. & Hiern
 Sonchus sinuatus S.C.Kim & Mejías
 Sonchus sosnowskyi Schchian
 Sonchus splendens S.C.Kim & Mejías
 Sonchus stenophyllus R.E.Fr.
 Sonchus suberosus Zohary & P.H.Davis
 Sonchus sventenii U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
 Sonchus tectifolius Svent.
 Sonchus tenerrimus L.,  nježni ostak
 Sonchus transcaspicus Nevski
 Sonchus tuberifer Svent.
 Sonchus ustulatus Lowe
 Sonchus webbii Sch.Bip.
 Sonchus wightianus DC.
 Sonchus wildpretii U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
 Sonchus wilmsii R.E.Fr.

Sinonimi
 Actites Lander

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Hyoseridinae

Ostak


Tetrahymena thermophila er frit-levende mikrober som er en ciliat protozo, som også kan skifte mellem levemåderne kommensal og patogen. Tetrahymena thermophila er almindelig i ferskvandsdamme og er 30-60 mikrometer stor.

En modelorganisme i eksperimentalbiologi

Som en ciliat protozo udviser Tetrahymena thermophila kernedimorfisme: To typer af cellekerner. Tetrahymena thermophila har samtidigt en større somatisk makrokerne og en mindre kimbane mikrokerne (til sex) i hver celle og kernerne udfører forskellige funktioner med distinkte cytologiske og biologiske egenskaber. Denne unikke alsidighed tillader videnskabsfolk til at anvende Tetrahymena thermophila til at identificere adskillige vigtige faktorer vedrørende genekspression og genomintegritet. Herudover har Tetrahymena thermophila hundreder af cilier og har komplicerede mikrotubulistrukturer, hvilken gør Tetrahymena thermophila til den optimale model til at illustrere diversitet og mikrotubulisystems funktioner.

Tetrahymena thermophila eksisterer i syv forskellige køn, som kan reproducere i 21 forskellige kombinationer - og en enkelt Tetrahymena thermophila kan ikke reproducere sig seksuelt med sig selv. Hvert individ "beslutter" hvilket køn den vil blive under parring via en stokastisk proces.

Kilder/referencer

Yderligere læsning
 Methods in Cell Biology Volume 62: Tetrahymena thermophila, Edited by David J. Asai and James D. Forney. (2000). By Academic Press

Eksterne henvisninger

 Tetrahymena Stock Center at Cornell University
 ASSET: Advancing Secondary Science Education thru Tetrahymena
 Tetrahymena Genome Database
 Biogeography and Biodiversity of Tetrahymena
 Tetrahymena thermophila Genome Project  at The Institute for Genomic Research

Ciliophora
Protozoer
Køn

Tetrahymena thermophila


Paul Zaunert (n. 20 octombrie 1879, Bielefeld - d. 24 februarie 1959, Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe) a fost un cercetător și folclorist german. Doctor în filologie, a fost începând din 1922 coeditor al seriei Die Märchen der Weltliteratur (Basme din literatura universală), iar din 1925 al seriei Deutsche Volkheit. Importanța sa remarcabilă constă în editarea mai multor colecții de basme din folclorul universal.

Scrieri proprii
 Bürgers Verskunst, Marburg 1911
 Das deutsche Volksbuch von Karl dem Großen, Jena 1929
 Das Werden des deutschen Volkes, Berlin 1939
 Der Alte Fritz. Volksgeschichten nacherzählt, Köln 1939

Colecții de basme publicate
 Afrikanische Märchen (Jena, Diederichs, 1921)
 Buddhistische Märchen aus dem alten Indien (Jena, Diederichs, 1921)
 Das deutsche Volksbuch von Karl dem Großen (Jena, Diederichs, 1929)
 Der Alte Fritz - Volksgeschichten (Hermann Schaffstein Verlag, Köln, 1942)
 Deutsche Märchen seit Grimm (Eugen Diederichs Verlag, 1964)
 Deutsche Natursagen 1 Reihe Von Holden und Unholden (Jena, Diederichs, 1921)
 Deutsche Schwänke (Jena, Eugen Diederichs, 1942)
 Deutsche Volksmärchen seit Grimm (Fischer Verlag, 1977)
 Deutscher Sagenschatz
 Deutsches Märchenbuch (Düsseldorf, Diederichs)
 Die Märchen der Weltliteratur - Deutsche Märchen Seit Grimm (Jena, Eugen Diederichs Verlag, 1912)
 Die Märchen von Goethe Tieck Fouqué und Chamisso
 Die Stämme im neuen Reich
 Die Zauberflöte Märchen der europäischen Völker
 Die deutschen Stämme
 Finnische und estnische Volksmärchen (Jena, Eugen Diederichs, 1922)
 Französische Volksmärchen (Jena, Diederichs, 1923)
 Freiligraths Werke (Leipzig und Wien, Bibliographisches Institut)
 Hessen Nassauische Sagen (Jena, Diederichs, 1929)
 Indische Märchen
 J. K. A. Musäus: Volksmärchen der Deutschen (Jena, Diederichs, 1912)
 Kaukasische Märchen (Jena, Diederichs, 1922)
 Kinder und Hausmärchen gesammelt durch die Brüder Grimm (Jena, Eugen Diederichs Verlag, 1912)
 Marienlegenden nach alten niederländischen Texten
 Musäus Volksmärchen der Deutschen (Jena, Eugen Diederichs Verlag, 1922)
 Märchen aus Frankreich (Altberliner Verlag, 1959)
 Plattdeutsche Märchen
 Reihe Meyers Klassiker Ausgaben Hoffmanns Werke (Leipzig-Wien, Bibliographisches Institut)
 Rheinland Sagen Zweiter Band Das Rheintal von Bonn bis Mainz - Volksglaube der Gegenwart (Jena, Eugen Diederichs Verlag, 1924)
 Vlämische Sagen Legenden und Volksmärchen (Jena, Eugen Diederichs Verlag, 1917)
 Westfälische Sagen (Jena, Eugen Diederichs Verlag, 1927)
 Wunderbare Weltreise Märchen aus fünf Erdteilen (Reutlingen, Enßlin & Laiblin Verlag, 1951)

Note

Legături externe

 Eintrag im Lexikon Westfälischer Autorinnen und Autoren

Nașteri în 1879
Decese în 1959
Folcloriști germani

Paul Zaunert


Sofortüberweisung ist eine Online-Banking-basierte Zahlungsmethode der Sofort GmbH zur bargeldlosen Zahlung im Internet.

Die Sofort GmbH wurde 2005 gegründet und seit 2014 gehört das Unternehmen zur schwedischen Klarna-Gruppe.

Das Verfahren ermöglicht es Kunden eine Überweisung zu tätigen, ohne zusätzliche Registrierung, einfach mit ihren Online-Banking-Zugangsdaten. Der Händler erhält unverzüglich eine Zahlungsbestätigung und kann dadurch die Bestellung direkt bearbeiten, Waren schnell versenden und Downloads sofort freigeben. Technisch basiert die Sofortüberweisung auf der Open Banking Infrastruktur der Banken, welche durch die PSD2 reguliert ist und eine Zahlungs-Initiierung zwischen Bankkonten durch Drittanbieter ermöglicht. Die Sofort GmbH ist seit 2019 ein von der BaFin regulierter Kontoinformations- und Zahlungsauslösedienst.

Betreiberunternehmen
Die Sofort GmbH (vormals PayNet AG, Payment Network AG und Sofort AG) ist ein beim Amtsgericht München eingetragenes Unternehmen. Die frühere Aktiengesellschaft wurde von Christoph Klein und Markus Neun als Ableger der Computerhandelsgesellschaft Eurosoft im Jahre 2005 in Gauting bei München gegründet. Neben dem Hauptstandort in München besitzt die Gesellschaft noch weitere Standorte in Köln und Gießen, sowie Vertriebsbüros in Belgien, Polen und Spanien.

Das Unternehmen bietet unter anderem Online-Zahlungssysteme an.
Darunter befinden sich das Direktüberweisungssystem Sofortüberweisung, Sofort Ident (ein Verfahren zur Altersverifikation), Sofort Paycode (Form der Sofortüberweisung für Rechnungen mit klickbarem Link oder Kurz-Code zur Eingabe auf der Website der Sofort GmbH) und Sofort XXL (internationale Erweiterung der Sofortüberweisung).

2014 wurde die damalige Sofort AG vom schwedischen Zahlungsdienstleister Klarna übernommen und 2015 in eine GmbH umgewandelt.

Verfahren

Bei einer Überweisung im Fall des klassischen Onlinebanking im Internet (vgl. Abb. Klassisches Onlinebanking) besteht eine unmittelbare Verbindung zwischen dem Zahlenden (d. h. dem Kontoinhaber oder einer bevollmächtigten Person) und seinem kontoführenden Institut, z. B. über eine gesicherte Website der Bank. Hier übermittelt der Zahlende sowohl die Legitimationsdaten (beispielsweise seine PIN und eine gültige TAN) als auch die Überweisungsdaten (Zahlungsempfänger, Betrag, Verwendungszweck) selbst.

Im Fall der Sofortüberweisung wird obrig dargestellter Prozess weitestgehend automatisiert, indem die vom Händler angewiesenen Überweisungsdetails direkt an die Schnittstelle der Bank übermittelt werden. Die Authentifizierung und Autorisierung kann hierbei auf zwei unterschiedlichen Wegen geschehen, welche beide per PSD2 ausführlich beschrieben und reguliert sind:

 Durch die Eingabe der Legitimationsdaten bei der Sofort: Bei diesem Weg tritt die Sofort GmbH gegenüber dem kontoführenden Institut als Zahlungsdienstleister im Namen des Zahlenden auf, nachdem es von diesem die Legitimationsdaten erhalten und an die Bank übermittelt hat. (vgl. Abb. Funktionsprinzip).
 Durch eine Weiterleitung zur Bank: Bei diesem Weg wird der Nutzer von der Sofort GmbH auf die Webseite oder App der jeweiligen Bank weiter geleitet. Die Legitimation findet hier direkt zwischen dem Zahlenden und dem Kreditinstitut statt.

Die Autorisierung einer Transaktion findet per Zwei-Faktor-Authentisierung statt. Der Nutzer muss eine Transaktion daher abhängig von seiner Bank per Tan oder App bestätigen.

Vergleichbare Zahlungssysteme auf dem deutschen Markt sind beispielsweise das von Banken betriebene Giropay bzw. Paydirekt.

Pro Überweisung erhebt die Sofort GmbH vom Verkäufer eine Gebühr von 0,9 % plus 0,25 Euro bei materiellen Gütern oder 2,0 % plus 0,25 Euro bei virtuellen Gütern, was deutlich unter den standardmäßig 2,49 % plus 0,35 Euro von PayPal in Deutschland liegt. PayPal bietet jedoch Käuferschutz (Rückerstattung bei Nichtlieferung) sowie Währungs-Konvertierung.

Kritik
Im Gegensatz zu Online-Überweisungen, bei denen die Überweisung unter Benutzung von Webseiten der jeweiligen Bank des Zahlenden ausgeführt werden, muss der Zahlende bei Sofortüberweisung je nach Weg der Authentifizierung sensible Daten einem technischen Dienstleister zur Verfügung stellen.

Mit den Zugangsdaten zum Konto hat der Betreiber Zugriff auf die über die Onlinebanking Schnittstelle sichtbare Transaktionsübersicht, den Kontostand, erteilte Daueraufträge, Depotbestände etc. 2011 sagte Frank-Christian Pauli vom Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverband dazu: "Der Kunde muss wissen, wozu er seine Einwilligung gibt, und das ist hier womöglich nicht gegeben".

Bei einigen Onlinehändlern wird Sofortüberweisung als einziges kostenloses Zahlungsmittel angeboten. Das verstößt laut BGH gegen § 312a Abs. 4 BGB. Ein Verweis auf Sofortüberweisung als einziges kostenloses Zahlungsmittel sei unzumutbar, zumindest solange die Weitergabe von PIN und TAN in der Regel von den AGB der Banken untersagt wird. Auf die Rechtmäßigkeit der AGB oder eine Zumutbarkeit der Offenlegung von privaten Bankdaten kam es in der Entscheidung nicht an, und der BGH hat dazu nicht weiter Stellung bezogen.

Um den Zahlungsverkehr durch Drittanbieter zu steuern, hat die EZB am 13. Januar 2018 entsprechende Vorgaben per PSD2 Regulierung veranlasst. Die PSD2 schreibt Banken vor, entsprechend sichere Schnittstellen für den Zahlungsverkehr durch Drittanbieter bereitzustellen, während sich genannte Drittanbieter an strenge Anforderungen bezüglich Sicherheit und Datenschutz halten müssen. Zahlungsauslösedienste wie Sofortüberweisung sind nun gesetzlich anerkannt und unterliegen der Bankenaufsicht.

Der Betreiber wirbt auf seiner Website zu Sofortüberweisung u. a. mit folgenden Aussagen und Behauptungen zum Thema Sicherheit:
 Die Eingabe der Online-Banking-Zugangsdaten (wie PIN) und der TAN erfolgt ausschließlich im gesicherten Zahlformular der Sofort GmbH und nicht beim Händler.
 Sensible Daten wie PIN und TAN werden nicht gespeichert und sind auch zu keinem Zeitpunkt von außen, vom Händler oder von Mitarbeitern der Sofort GmbH einsehbar.

Trotzdem müssen sich Kunden darüber im Klaren sein, dass auch ein sich korrekt verhaltender Betreiber Opfer eines Hackerangriffs werden kann, in dessen Rahmen Daten gestohlen oder Transaktionen manipuliert werden können. In mehr als 100 Millionen Transaktionen sei es laut Sofort GmbH aber noch zu keinem einzigen Betrugsfall gekommen (Stand 2015).

Aufgeführte Kritikpunkte sind unter anderem:
 Es gibt zwar eine Versicherung, sie besteht jedoch nicht direkt zwischen dem Versicherungsunternehmen und dem Zahlenden. Im Schadensfall ersetzt das Versicherungsunternehmen der Sofort GmbH ihre entstandenen Schäden.
 Das Verfahren führe zu einer Herabsetzung der Hemmschwelle von Internetnutzern zur Weitergabe von PIN und TAN im Internet. Dadurch komme es zu einer Erhöhung des Phishing-Risikos im Internet.

Im Jahre 2010 gab Stiftung Warentest in einem Artikel zu bedenken: "Machen Sie sich vor Transaktionen im Internet immer klar, dass Betrüger mit PIN und TAN Ihr Konto plündern können."

Im Bezahlverfahren-Vergleich 2014 der Stiftung Warentest wird der Kritikpunkt des Verstoßes gegen Banken-AGB nicht mehr thematisiert. In einem Kommentar von Stiftung Warentest heißt es dazu:

Siehe auch
 iDEAL (Bezahlsystem)
 Paydirekt
 giropay
 International Council of Payment Network Operators
 Eps-Überweisung

Weblinks
 Website der Sofort GmbH
 Datenschutzhinweise - 2020

Einzelnachweise

Online-Bezahlsystem
Webanwendung
Markenname
Gegründet 2005

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