Lilja Sigurðardóttir (født 1972) er en islandsk forfatter. Hendes to første bøger var krimierne Spor (2009) og Fyrirgefning (2010), der udkom på forlaget Bjartur og handler om en række mystiske dødsfald, der lidt efter lidt viser sig at være forbundne. De tre næste bøger var en trilogi, der udkom på forlaget Forlagið og kategoriseres som spændingsbøger (thrillere), hvor det hurtige fortælletempo er i fokus. Trilogien, kaldet Reykjavik Noir-trilogien, der består af bøgerne Gildran (2015), Netið (2016) og Burið (2017), blev Lilja Sigurðardóttirs internationale gennembrud, og bøgerne er blandt andet blevet solgt til Danmark, Norge, Tjekkiet, Frankrig og den engelsktalende verden.

Filmrettighederne er blevet solgt til Palomar Pictures.

Lilja Sigurðardóttir skriver også dramatik, og hendes første teaterstykke, Stóru Börnin, blev sat op i Reykjavik vinteren 2013 - 2014. Stykket vandt den islandske scenekunstpris Gríman og blev årets skuespil 2014.

Lilja Sigurðardóttir har tidligere boet i Mexico, Sverige og Spanien. I dag (pr. 2018) bor hun i Reykjavik med sin kæreste.

Værker oversat til dansk

Reykjavik Noir-trilogien
 Fælden (2018)
 Snaren (2019)
 Buret (2020)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Lilja Sigurðardóttirs hjemmeside
 FÆLDEN AF LILJA SIGURDARDÓTTIR anmeldelse på Litteratursiden.dk

Romanforfattere fra Island
Krimiforfattere fra Island
Personer fra Akranes

Lilja Sigurðardóttir


The sinoatrial node (also known as the sinuatrial node, SA node or sinus node) is an oval shaped region of special cardiac muscle in the upper back wall of the right atrium made up of cells known as pacemaker cells. The sinus node is approximately 15 mm long, 3 mm wide, and 1 mm thick, located directly below and to the side of the superior vena cava.

These cells can produce an electrical impulse known as a cardiac action potential that travels through the electrical conduction system of the heart, causing it to contract. In a healthy heart, the SA node continuously produces action potentials, setting the rhythm of the heart (sinus rhythm), and so is known as the heart's natural pacemaker. The rate of action potentials produced (and therefore the heart rate) is influenced by the nerves that supply it.

Structure
The sinoatrial node is an oval-shaped structure that is approximately 15 mm long, 3 mm wide, and 1 mm thick, located directly below and to the side of the superior vena cava. The size can vary but is usually between 10-30 mm long, 5–7 mm wide, and 1–2 mm deep.

Location
The SA node is located in the wall (epicardium) of the right atrium, laterally to the entrance of the superior vena cava in a region called the sinus venarum (hence sino- + atrial). It is positioned roughly between a groove called the crista terminalis located on the internal surface of the heart and the corresponding sulcus terminalis, on the external surface. These grooves run between the entrance of the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava.

Microanatomy

The cells of the SA node are spread out within a mesh of connective tissue, containing nerves, blood vessels, collagen and fat. Immediately surrounding the SA node cells are paranodal cells. These cells have structures intermediate between that of the SA node cells and the rest of the atrium. The connective tissue, along with the paranodal cells, insulate the SA node from the rest of the atrium, preventing the electrical activity of the atrial cells from affecting the SA node cells. The SA node cells are smaller and paler than the surrounding atrial cells, with the average cell being around 8 micrometers in diameter and 20-30 micrometers in length (1 micrometer= 0.000001 meter). Unlike the atrial cells, SA node cells contain fewer mitochondria and myofibers, as well as a smaller sarcoplasmic reticulum. This means that the SA node cells are less equipped to contract compared to the atrial and ventricular cells.

Action potentials pass from one cardiac cell to the next through pores known as gap junctions. These gap junctions are made of proteins called connexins. There are fewer gap junctions within the SA node and they are smaller in size. This is again important in insulating the SA node from the surrounding atrial cells.

Blood supply
The sinoatrial node receives its blood supply from the sinoatrial nodal artery. This blood supply, however, can differ hugely between individuals. For example, in most humans, this is a single artery, although in some cases there have been either 2 or 3 sinoatrial node arteries supplying the SA node. Also, the SA node artery mainly originates as a branch of the right coronary artery; however in some individuals it has arisen from the circumflex artery, which is a branch of the left coronary artery. Finally, the SA node artery commonly passes behind the superior vena cava, before reaching the SA node; however in some instances it passes in front. Despite these many differences, there doesn't appear to be any advantage to how many sinoatrial nodal arteries an individual has, or where they originate.

Venous drainage
There are no large veins that drain blood away from the SA node.  Instead, smaller venules drain the blood directly into the right atrium.

Function

Pacemaking

The main role of a sinoatrial node cell is to initiate action potentials of the heart that can pass through cardiac muscle cells and cause contraction. An action potential is a rapid  change in membrane potential, produced by the movement of charged atoms (ions). In the absence of stimulation, non-pacemaker cells (including the ventricular and atrial cells) have a relatively constant membrane potential; this is known as a resting potential. This resting phase (see cardiac action potential, phase 4) ends when an action potential reaches the cell. This produces a positive change in membrane potential, known as depolarization, which is propagated throughout the heart and initiates muscle contraction. Pacemaker cells, however, do not have a resting potential. Instead, immediately after repolarization, the membrane potential of these cells begins to depolarise again automatically, a phenomenon known as the pacemaker potential. Once the pacemaker potential reaches a set value, the threshold potential, it produces an action potential. Other cells within the heart (including the Purkinje fibers and atrioventricular node) can also initiate action potentials; however, they do so at a slower rate and therefore, if the SA node is functioning properly, its action potentials usually override those that would be produced by other tissues.

Outlined below are the 3 phases of a sinoatrial node action potential. In the cardiac action potential, there are 5 phases (labelled 0-4), however pacemaker action potentials do not have an obvious phase 1 or 2.

Phase 4

This phase is also known as the pacemaker potential. Immediately following repolarization, when the membrane potential is very negative (it is hyperpolarised), the voltage slowly begins to increase. This is initially due to the closing of potassium channels, which reduces the flow of potassium ions (Ik) out of the cell (see phase 2, below). Hyperpolarization also causes activation of hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels. The activation of ion channels at very negative membrane potentials is unusual, therefore the flow of sodium (Na+) and some K+ through the activated HCN channel is referred to as a funny current (If). This funny current causes the membrane potential of the cell to gradually increase, as the positive charge (Na+ and K+) is flowing into the cell.  Another mechanism involved in pacemaker potential is known as the calcium clock. This refers to the spontaneous release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (a calcium store) into the cytoplasm, also known as calcium sparks. This increase in calcium within the cell then activates a sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), which removes one Ca2+ from the cell, and exchanges it for 3 Na+ into the cell (therefore removing a charge of +2 from the cell, but allowing a charge of +3 to enter the cell) further increasing the membrane potential. Calcium later reenters the cell via SERCA and calcium channels located on the cell membrane. The increase in membrane potential produced by these mechanisms, activates T-type calcium channels and then L-type calcium channels (which open very slowly). These channels allow a flow of Ca2+ into the cell, making the membrane potential even more positive.

Phase 0

This is the depolarization phase. When the membrane potential reaches the threshold potential (around -20 to -50 mV), the cell begins to rapidly depolarise (become more positive). This is mainly due to the flow of Ca2+ through L-type calcium channels, which are now fully open. During this stage, T-type calcium channels and HCN channels deactivate.

Phase 3

This phase is the repolarization phase. This occurs due to the inactivation of L-type calcium channels (preventing the movement of Ca2+ into the cell) and the activation of potassium channels, which allows the flow of K+ out of the cell, making the membrane potential more negative.

Nerve supply
Heart rate depends on the rate at which the sinoatrial node produces action potentials. At rest, heart rate is between 60 and 100 beats per minute. This is a result of the activity of two sets of nerves, one acting to slow down action potential production (these are parasympathetic nerves) and the other acting to speed up action potential production (sympathetic nerves).

Modulation of heart rate by ANS is carried by two types of channel: Kir and HCN (members of the CNG gated channels).

The sympathetic nerves begin in the thoracic region of the spinal cord (in particular T1-T4). These nerves release a neurotransmitter called noradrenaline (NA). This binds to a receptor on the SA node membrane, called a beta-1adrenoceptor. Binding of NA to this receptor activates a G-protein (in particular a Gs-Protein, S for stimulatory) which initiates a series of reactions (known as the cAMP pathway) that results in the production of a molecule called cyclic adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP). This cAMP binds to the HCN channel (see above). Binding of cAMP to the HCN increases the flow of Na+ and K+ into the cell, speeding up the pacemaker potential, so producing action potentials at a quicker rate and increasing heart rate. An increase in heart rate is known as positive chronotropy.

The parasympathetic nerves supplying the SA node (in particular the Vagus nerves) originate in the brain. These nerves release a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine (ACh). ACh binds to a receptor called an M2 muscarinic receptor, located on the SA node membrane. Activation of this M2 receptor then activates a protein called a G-protein (in particular Gi protein, i for inhibitory). Activation of this G-protein blocks the cAMP pathway, reducing its effects, therefore inhibiting sympathetic activity and slowing action potential production. The G-protein also activates a potassium channel GIRK-1 and GIRK-4, which allows K+ to flow out of the cell, making the membrane potential more negative and slowing the pacemaker potential, therefore decreasing the rate of action potential production and therefore decreasing heart rate. A decrease in heart rate is known as negative chronotropy.

The first cell to produce the action potential in the SA node isn't always the same; this is known as pacemaker shift. In certain species of animals—for example, in dogs—a superior shift (i.e., the cell that produces the fastest action potential in the SA node is higher than previously) usually produces an increased heart rate whereas an inferior shift (i.e. the cell producing the fastest action potential within the SA node is further down than previously) produces a decreased heart rate.

Clinical significance
Sinus node dysfunction also known as sick sinus syndrome is a group of irregular heartbeat conditions caused by faulty electrical signals of the heart. When the heart's sinoatrial node is defective, the heart's rhythms become abnormal—typically too slow or exhibiting pauses in its function or a combination, and very rarely faster than normal.

Blockage of the arterial blood supply to the SA node (most commonly due to a myocardial infarction or progressive coronary artery disease) can therefore cause ischemia and cell death in the SA node. This can disrupt the electrical pacemaker function of the SA node, and can result in sinus node dysfunction.

If the SA node does not function or the impulse generated in the SA node is blocked before it travels down the electrical conduction system, a group of cells further down the heart will become its pacemaker.

History
The sinoatrial node was first discovered by a young medical student, Martin Flack, in the heart of a mole, whilst his mentor, Sir Arthur Keith, was on a bicycle ride with his wife. They made the discovery in a makeshift laboratory set up in a farmhouse in Kent, England, called Mann's Place. Their discovery was published in 1907.

Additional images

See also

Cardiac pacemaker
Cardiology
Heart block
Sinus bradycardia
Sinus tachycardia
Cardiothoracic Surgery

References

External links
  - "The conduction system of the heart."
 Diagram at gru.net
  ()
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070929080346/http://www.healthyheart.nhs.uk/heart_works/heart03.shtml

Cardiac anatomy

Sinoatrial node


Wenceslau Braz es un municipio brasileño del estado de Minas Gerais, en la microrregión de Itajubá. Se localiza a una latitud 22º32'04" sur y a una longitud 45º21'46" oeste, estando a una altitud de 1005 metros. Según el Censo del IBGE del año 2010, la población era de 2553 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Minas Gerais

Wenceslau Braz (Minas Gerais)


An Echinodorus palifolius in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck ngan Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni James Francis Macbride. An Echinodorus palifolius in nahilalakip ha genus nga Echinodorus, ngan familia nga Alismataceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Echinodorus

Echinodorus palifolius


Metro Pictures Corporation a fost o companie de producție de filme cinematografice fondată la începutul anului 1915 în Statele Unite. A fost un precursor al Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Compania a produs filmele sale în New York, Los Angeles și uneori în clădirile închiriate din Fort Lee, New Jersey.

Istorie
În 1919, compania a fost achiziționată de Marcus Loew ca furnizoare de produse pentru lanțul său de cinematografe. Cu toate acestea, Loew nu era mulțumit de cantitatea sau calitatea producției Metro Pictures. Câțiva ani mai târziu, în 1924, Loew a fuzionat-o cu alte companii recent achiziționate, Goldwyn Pictures și Louis B. Mayer Productions (ultima cu o durată scurtă de existență), apoi a redenumit noua entitate Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer în 1925 cu Mayer la conducere.

Filmografie

Următoarele filme au fost realizate în Fort Lee, NJ
 The Eternal Question (1916) Olga Petrova
 The Divorceé (1919) Ethel Barrymore
 What People Will Say? (1915) regia  Alice Guy Blache
 Sealed Valley (1915) Dorothy Donnelly

Vedete și regizori

Actori

Actrițe

Regizori

Note

Legături externe

 Catalog AFI
 Metro Pictures Corporation distribution
 Metro Pictures Corporation production

 Metro Pictures Corporation  at Silent Era

Studiouri de film desființate
Studiouri de film din Statele Unite
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Fondări în 1915

Metro Pictures


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 Maggie Muggins (1955–1962)
 The Magic Lie (1977–1979)
 The Magic of Music (1955–1958)
 Make the Politician Work (2009–2011)
 Making the Cut: Last Man Standing (2004–2006)
 The Man from Tomorrow (1958)
 Man in a Landscape (1963)
 Mansbridge: One on One (1999–2017)
 Marc's Grab Bag (1973-4)
 Marquee (1979–1980)
 Mary Walsh: Open Book
 Material World (1990–1993)
 Max Glick (1990–1991)
 Medical Explorers (1973)
 Memorandum on a Frozen Ark (1970)
 The Men and the Issues (1963)
 Mexico (1966)
 Michael: Every Day (2011–2017)
 Midday (1985–2000)
 Midweek (1971–1972)
 The Mills of Power (1990)
 Mister X in Canada (1960)
 Monday Night Special (1961)
 Moneymakers (1975–1979)
 Moods of Man (1968)
 The Morgan Waters Show (comedy)
 Mosquito Lake (1989–1990)
 Movies with Manings (1959–1960)
 Mr. Chips
 Mr. Dressup (1967–2006)
 Mr Piper (1963)
 Mr. Wizard (1951–1965)
 Music Canada (1966–1967)
 Music For a Sunday Afternoon (1967)
 Music to Remember (1970)
 Music to See (1957 TV series) (1957)
 Music to See (1970s TV series) (1970–1979)
 Musical Moods (1958)
 My Kind of Country (1971)
 The National Dream (1974)
 New Film Makers (1969)
 News Profile (1972–1974)
 The Newcomers (1977–1980)
 Newsfile (1973)
 The Newsroom (1996–2005)
 NFB Film Can (1979)
 Nic and Pic (1975–1977)
 Ninety Minutes Live (1976–1978)
 North of 60 (1992–1997)
 North/South (2006)
 Northwood (1991–1994)
 Not My Department (1987)
 Nothing Too Good for a Cowboy (1998–1999)
 Now's Your Chance (1952–1954)
 Nursery School Time (1958–1963)
 The Odyssey (1992–1994)
 Of All People (1972–1974)
 O'Keefe Centre Presents (1967–1968)
 The Oland Murder (2020)
 Old Testament Tales (1957)
 Ombudsman (1974–1980)
 On Guard For Thee (1981)
 On the Evidence (1975–1977)
 On the Frontier of Space (1959)
 OWL/TV (1985–1990)
 On the Road Again (1987–2007)
 One More Time (1969–1970)
 One Night Stand (1976)
 One Northern Summer (1971–1977)
 Open House (1952–1962)
 Opening Night
 The Other Eye (1967)
 Our Hero (2000–2002)
 Outdoors with Hal Denton (1955)
 Outlook (1960)
 Outlook (1966)
 Over the Line Fence (1956)
 Par 27 (1978–1980)
 The Passionate Canadians (1977)
 Passport to Adventure (1965–1967)
 Pat and Ernie (1961)
 People in Parties (1960)
 Peep Show (1975–1976)
 The Peggy Neville Show (1966–1967)
 The Peppermint Prince (1956–1957)
 Pencil Box (1976–1979)
 People of Our Times (1974–77)
 People Talking Back (1979)
 Pifffle & Co. (1971)
 Pilot One (1989)
 The Plouffe Family (1954–1959)
 Prairie Spotlight
 Programme X
 Pure (2017)
 Quebec in English (1965)
 Quelque Show (1975)
 Quentin Durgens, M.P. (1965–1969)
 Question Mark (1963–1974)
 Quintet (TV series) (1962)
 Rabbittown (2006)
 The Raccoons (1985–1999)
 Range Ryder and the Calgary Kid (1977)
 The Rare Breed
 Razzle Dazzle (1961–1966)
 Reach for the Top (1961–1985)
 Recipe to Riches (2014)
 The Red Green Show (1997–2006)
 Red Serge (1986–1987)
 Regional File
 Reluctant Nation (1966)
 René Simard
 Replay (1971–74)
 Republic of Doyle (2010–2014)
 The Restless Wave (1970)
 The Rez (1996–1998)
 Rhapsody (1958-9)
 Rick Mercer Report (2004–2018)
 Rideau Hall (2002)
 Rita and Friends (1994–1997)
 Riverdale (1997–2000)
 The Romance of Science (1960)
 The Road to Adjustment (1960)
 Road to Avonlea (1990–1996)
 Road Movies (1992-1993)
 Rock Wars (1985)
 Rocket Robin Hood (1966–1969)
 The Romeo Section (2015–2016)
 The Ron James Show (2009–2014)
 The Rovers Comedy House (1981)
 Rumours (2006–2007)
 St. Lawrence North (1960)
 Saturday Date with Billy O'Connor (1958-9)
 Saturday Night Movies (1977)
 Saturday Night Wrestling
 Scales of Justice (1991-95)
 Scarlett Hill (1962–1964)
 Science and Conscience (1968)
 Science Magazine (1975–1979)
 SCTV (1976–1984)
 Search for Stars
 Seaway (1965–1966)
 See for Yourself (1959–60)
 Seeing Things (1981–1987)
 Sesame Park (1996–2001)
 Shoot the Messenger (2016)
 Side Effects (1994–1996)
 Sidestreet (1975–1978)
 Sight and Cast (1965-6)
 Singalong Jubilee (1961–1974)
 Sit Back with Jack (1960)
 SketchCom (1998–1999)
 Skipper and Company
 SmartAsk (2001–2004)
 Snakes and Ladders (2004)
 Snapshots (2016)
 Some Honourable Members (1973-5)
 Some of My Best Friends are Men (1975)
 The Song Shop (1958)
 Sophie (2008–2009)
 Sounds Good (1976)
 Space Command (1953–1954)
 Spirit Bay (1982–1987)
 Sports Weekend
 Spotlight on Film (1969)
 Stage Door (1960)
 Star Chart (1980)
 The Stationary Ark (1975)
 Steven and Chris (2008–2015)
 Stock Car Races (1953–1954)
 Stompin' Tom's Canada (1974–1975)
 Story Seat (1962)
 Strange Empire (2014–2015)
 Strange Paradise (1969–1970)
 Street Cents (teen/consumer affairs) (1989–2006)
 Street Legal (1987–2019)
 The Stu Davis Show (1966)
 Summer Camping (1957)
 Summer Close-Up (1977)
 Summer Evening (1976)
 Summer Festival (1980)
 Summer Sounds '66 (1966)
 Summerscope (1980)
 Sunday Best (1971–1976)
 Sunday Pops Series (1977)
 Sunday Report
 Sunshine Canada (1967)
 The Superior Sex (1961)
 Swingaround (1967–1970)
 Switchback (children)/(teens)
 Switzer Unlimited (1976)
 Tabloid (1953–1960)
 Take 30 (1962–1984)
 TallBoyz
 Take Me Up to the Ball Game (1980)
 Talk About (1989–1990)
 The Tapp Room (1956–1958)
 Telescope (1963–1973)
 The Tenth Decade (1971)
 Terry and Me (1956)
 Their Springtime of Life (1972)
 Theme in Seven (1955)
 Theodore Tugboat
 Theologo '67 (1968)
 They All Play Ragtime (1981)
 The Porter (2022)
 This Hour Has Seven Days (1964–1966)
 This Is the Law (1971–1976)
 This Is Wonderland (2004–2006)
 This Land (1970–1982)
 This Life (2015–2016)
 This Space for Rent (2006)
 This Week in Parliament
 Time for Sunday School (1962–1966)
 Titans (1981–1982)
 To See Ourselves (1971–1973)
 To the Wild Country (1972–1975)
 Toby (1968–1969)
 Tom Stone (2002)
 Trickster (2020)
 The Town Above (1959–1960)
 The Tommy Banks Show (1971–1974)
 The Tommy Hunter Show
 True North Calling (2017)
 Twelve for Summer (1966–1977)
 Twenty Million Questions (1966–1969)
 Twitch City (1998–2000)
 Two for Physics (1959)
 The Undaunted (1983)
 Under the Umbrella Tree (1986–1993)
 Undercurrents (1994–2001)
 Underdogs
 Up at Ours (1980–81)
 Urban Angel (1991–1993)
 The Urban Peasant
 V.I.P. (1973–1983)
The Vacant Lot (1993–1994)
 Venture (1985–2007)
 Video Hits (1984–1993)
 Vietnam: The Ten Thousand Day War (documentary) (1980–1982)
 Viewpoint (Canadian TV program) (1957–76)
 Walter Ego (2005)
 The Watson Report (1975–1981)
 A Way Out (1970–1977)
 The Wayne and Shuster Show
 The Weekly with Wendy Mesley (2018–2020)
 What It's Like Being Alone (2006)
 What on Earth (1971–1975)
 What's for Dinner?
 What's New (1972–1989)
 Where the Sky Begins (1976)
 The Whiteoaks of Jalna (1972)
 Wicks (1979–1981)
 Wild Roses (2009)
 Wind at My Back (1996–2001)
 The Winners (1982)
 Witness (1992–2004)
 Wojeck (1966–1968)
 Wok with Yan (1980–1982)
 Wonderstruck (1986–1992)
 The World of Man (1970–1975)
 The World on Stage (1967)
 X Company (2015–2017)
 Yes You Can (1980–1983)
 Young Chefs
 Young Drunk Punk (2015)
 ZeD (interactive) (2002–2006)
 Zut! (1970–1971)

Children's programming (post-1994)

Foreign-produced programming

 Absolutely Fabulous (1994–1999)
 The Adventures of Black Beauty (1973–1976)
 All in the Family (1972–1979)
 All My Children Albion Market Archie Bunker's Place (1979–1982)
 Arrested Development As the World Turns Banished (2015–present)
 Barney Miller (1975–1985)
 The Beverly Hillbillies (1966–1971)
 Billy Liar Blossom (1993–1995)
 The Bob Newhart Show (1972–1977)
 Bonanza (1961–1970)
 Boy Dominic The Brothers McGregor Buffalo Bill (1984)
 The Bugs Bunny Show (1961–1975)
 Cannon (1971–1975)
 Can't Hurry Love (1995–1996)
 Commonwealth Televiews (1957-1958)
 Carol & Company (1990–1991)
 The Carol Burnett Show (1972–1978)
 The Catherine Tate Show Chico and the Man (1974–1977)
 Crossing Lines (2013–present)
 Dallas (1978–1991)
 Designing Women (1986–1993)
 The Dick Van Dyke Show (1969–1973)
 Diff'rent Strokes (1978–1990)
 Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade (1983–2018)
 Doctor Who (2005)
 Dragnet (1954–1958)
 Dragnet (1967–1968)
 The Edge of Night The Ed Sullivan Show (1954–1971)
 The Electric Company (1973–1975)
 Elephant Boy Emmerdale Empty Nest (1988–1997)
 The Facts of Life (1979–1992)
 Fame (1982–1984)
 Family Matters (1993–1998)
 Father Ted (1997–1998)
 Fawlty Towers (1976–1977, 1979)
 The Flintstones The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1990–1998)
 The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show Generations Getting Together Ghost Whisperer (2009–2010)
 The Golden Girls (1985–1996)
 The Golden Palace (1992–1993)
 The Governor & J.J. (1969–1970)
 Grange Hill (1982–1984)
 Green Acres Guiding Light Gunsmoke Happy Days (1974–1984)
 Hardcastle and McCormick Have Gun-Will Travel Here's Lucy (1972–1974)
 Highway Patrol The Honeymooners The Huckleberry Hound Show (1959–1964)
 Hustle I Love Lucy The Jim Henson Hour (1989–1991)
 Jekyll and Hyde (2016–present)
 Jeopardy! (2008–2012)
 Joanie Loves Chachi (1982)
 Kate & Allie (1984–1992)
 Laurel and Hardy (1956–1958, 1968–1972)
 Leave It to Beaver Love Child (2015–present)
 The Lucy Show (1963–1964)
 Mary Kay and Johnny The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1971–1980)
 M*A*S*H (1972–1983)
 Maude (1972–1975, 1986–1987)
 The Mickey Mouse Club (1955–1959)
 The Mommies (1993–1995)
 Mork and Mindy (1978–1982)
 Mr. Bean (1992–2005)
 The Muppet Show (1976–1982)
 Murder, She Wrote (1984–1986)
 The Nanny (1993–1996)
 Newhart (1982–1995)
 The New Dick Van Dyke Show (1971–1973)
 One Life to Live (1993–1997)
 The Paper Chase (1978, 1981)
 Pardon the Expression The Partridge Family (1970–1976)
 Peanuts (1966–1996)*
 Please Like Me (2013–16)
 The Perry Como Show Phyllis Police Story Ponderosa The Prisoner Pretty Hard Cases (2021–23)
 The Quick Draw McGraw Show (1960–1963)
 Raised by Wolves (2015–present)
 Remington Steele Return of the Saint Return to Eden Rhoda Rocky and His Friends (1959–1964)
 The Ropers (1979–1980)
 Round the Twist Ryan's Hope Salty (1975, 1977)
 Search for Tomorrow The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole Secrets & Lies Sesame Street/Canadian Sesame Street (1970–1996)
 The Simpsons Soul Train Space: 1999 Star Trek (1988–1995)
 The Super 6 (1966–1967)
 Taxi That Girl Thirtysomething This Week in Baseball Three's a Crowd (1984–1985)
 Three's Company (1977–1987)
 The Tomorrow People (1977)
 The Tony Randall Show Too Close for Comfort (1980–1986)
 Torchwood Trapper John, M.D. (1986–1990)
 Turn Out the Lights The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau Upstairs, Downstairs Vision On (1975–1978, 1982)
 The Waltons (1973–1976)
 Welcome Back, Kotter (1975–1977)
 Wheel of Fortune (2008–2012)
 The White Shadow (1979–1981)
 Wild Bill (March 9, 2020 – 6 June 2020)
 WKRP in Cincinnati (1978–1982)
 The Wonder Years (1988–1999)
 The Wonderful World of Disney (1988–2007)
 The Woody Woodpecker Show'' (1957–1959, 1963–1964, 1971)

See also
 Lists of Canadian television series
 List of Canadian television channels

References

Notes

External links
 Queen's University: Directory of CBC Television Series 1952–1982
 CBC Television Programming through the years – Canadian Communications Foundation

CBC Television

List of programs broadcast by CBC Television


William Doherty (15 de maio de 1857, Cincinnati - 25 de maio de 1901 Nairobi) foi um entomologista americano que se especializou em Lepidoptera e mais tarde também colecionou aves para o Museu de História Natural de Tring. Ele morreu de disenteria enquanto estava em Nairobi.

Viagens
De 1877 a 1881, antes de se tornar colecionador, viajou muito pela Europa, Oriente Médio e daí para a Pérsia. Suas atividades de coleta entomológica começaram a sério em 1882, enquanto no sul da Ásia. Ele coletou borboletas na Índia, Birmânia, Ilhas Andamão, Nicobar, Sião, Indonésia, Malásia, Nova Guiné e África Oriental Britânica e descreveu muitas novas espécies. Após uma visita a Hartert em Tring em 1895, ele foi recrutado por Walter Rothschild, 2º Barão Rothschild, que passou a considerá-lo como seu melhor colecionador de pássaros. Enquanto coletava em Uganda, ele adoeceu e foi levado para um hospital por seus coletores Lepcha.

Coleções
Suas coleções são compartilhadas entre o Museu Americano de História Natural, o Museu Carnegie em Pittsburgh, o Museu do Brooklyn, o Museu de Zoologia Comparativa em Cambridge e o Museu Nacional de História Natural em Washington.

Epônimos
Muitos dos pássaros que ele coletou para Lord Rothschild foram nomeados após ele, incluindo o picanço Malaconotus dohertyi pomba de nuca Doherty vermelha Ptilinopus dohertyi, a cigarra Sumba Coracina dohertyi e o Lophozosterops dohertyi.

Referências

Ligações externas

 BHL Hartert, Ernst (1896) Um relato das coleções de pássaros feitas pelo Sr. William Doherty no arquipélago oriental de Londres.
 Obituário de Ernst Hartert (1901) em Novitates Zoologicae, vol. 8, pág. 494f.

Mortes por doenças infecciosas no Quênia
Entomólogos dos Estados Unidos

William Doherty


Red Rocks Amphitheatre (also colloquially as simply Red Rocks) is an open-air amphitheatre built into a rock structure in the western United States, near Morrison, Colorado,  southwest of Denver. There is a large, tilted, disc-shaped rock behind the stage, a huge vertical rock angled outwards from stage right, several large outcrops angled outwards from stage left and a seating area for up to 9,525.

In 1927, the City of Denver purchased the area of Red Rocks; construction of the amphitheater began in 1936, and was opened to the public in June 1941. Since then, many notable performances and recordings for film and television have taken place there. In June 2015, the Colorado Music Hall of Fame opened in the Trading Post at Red Rocks.

The elevation of the amphitheatre's top row is approximately  above sea level, and the surrounding Red Rocks Park covers . The amphitheater is owned and operated by the City and County of Denver and is located in Red Rocks Park, part of the Denver Mountain Parks. The audience faces east-northeast, toward southern Denver, with the skyline of downtown visible to the left.

In 1957, the American Institute of Architects selected Red Rocks to be Colorado's entry at the National Gallery of Art for the AIA's Centennial Exhibition.

In 1999, after Pollstar magazine awarded Red Rocks the annual honor of being the best small outdoor venue for the eleventh time, the magazine changed the name of the award to the Red Rocks Award and removed Red Rocks from the running.

Construction began in October 2020 to replace the existing stage roof and structure.

History
In the first decade of the twentieth century, John Brisben Walker had a vision of artists performing on a stage nestled in the perfectly acoustic surroundings of Red Rocks, which likely were used by the Ute tribe in earlier times. Walker produced several concerts between 1906 and 1910 on a temporary platform, and from his dream, the history of Red Rocks as an entertainment venue began. It took the natural amphitheater of Red Rocks over 200 million years to form. The city of Denver acquired Red Rocks amphitheater from Walker for $54,133 (equivalent to $ today), with a total area of . In addition to the platform, Walker also built the Mount Morrison Cable Incline funicular railway which carried tourists from a base at what is today the parking lot of the amphitheatre up to enjoy the view from the top of Mount Morrison. The incline operated for about five years beginning in 1909.

Geologically, the rocks surrounding the amphitheater are representative of the Fountain Formation. Originally, the place was known as the "Garden of the Angels" (1870s–1906) and then as the "Garden of the Titans" during the Walker years (1906–1928). The park, however, had always been known by the folk name "Red Rocks," which became its formal name when Denver acquired it in 1928. The amphitheater's rocks are named "Creation Rock" on the north, "Ship Rock" on the south, and "Stage Rock" to the east. Red Rocks Amphitheatre was designed by Denver architect Burnham Hoyt; and Stanley E. Morse. Its walls contain records dating back to the Jurassic period of 160 million years ago, as nearby dinosaur tracks have been discovered as well as fossil fragments of a  Plesiosaur. Red sandstone from Lyons, Colorado, similar in texture and color to the Red Rocks sandstone, was used to construct seating, the stage, and other structural necessities.

In 1927, George Cranmer, Manager of Denver Parks, convinced the City of Denver to purchase the area of Red Rocks from Walker for $54,133 ($ today). Cranmer convinced Mayor Benjamin Stapleton to build on the foundation laid by Walker. By enlisting the help of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA), labor and materials were provided for the venture. Construction of the amphitheater began in 1936, took five years to complete, and was formally dedicated on June 15, 1941.

Notable performances

Public, organizational and private performances have been held at Red Rocks for over a century. The earliest documented performance at the amphitheater was the Grand Opening of the Garden of the Titans, put on by publisher John Brisben Walker on May 31, 1906. Featuring Pietro Satriano and his 25-piece brass band, it was the formal opening of the natural amphitheater for use by the general public after Walker purchased it with the proceeds of his sale of Cosmopolitan Magazine.

The amphitheater's largest-scale performance to date was the Feast of Lanterns on September 5, 1908. Commemorating the opening of the scenic road up nearby Mt. Falcon, it was patterned after the festival of Nagasaki, Japan, and featured four military bands and fireworks off Mt. Falcon, Mt. Morrison and two intermediate hills.

Renowned opera singer Mary Garden put Red Rocks on the world musical map with her performance on May 10, 1911. Having performed at many opera halls around the world, she pronounced Red Rocks the finest venue at which she had ever performed.

Upon the full construction of the amphitheatre to its present form by the Civilian Conservation Corps, the venue was formally dedicated on June 15, 1941. It has held regular concert seasons almost every year since 1947. It was shut down temporarily for COVID.

The first performance of each season is the Easter Sunrise Service, a nondenominational service held on Easter Sunday of each year.

The earliest notable rock-and-roll performance at Red Rocks was by The Beatles on August 26, 1964, the only concert not sold out during their US-tour. When Ringo Starr returned to Red Rocks with his All-Starr Band on June 28, 2000, he asked if anyone in the crowd had been at the Beatles concert thirty-six years earlier. On August 26, 2004, the East-Coast-based Beatles-tribute band "1964" was flown to Denver to re-enact the Beatles concert held at the site exactly forty years earlier. The unique setting has led to the venue's becoming a favorite for many performers: Jimi Hendrix played at Red Rocks on September 1, 1968, along with Vanilla Fudge and Soft Machine. Diana Ross & the Supremes performed there on August 14, 1969.

An incident during a performance by Jethro Tull on June 10, 1971, led to a five-year ban of rock concerts at Red Rocks. Approximately 1,000 people without tickets arrived at the sold-out show. Denver police directed the overflow, non-paying crowd to an area behind the theater, where they could hear the music but not see the band. The situation seemed satisfactory until some of the people without tickets attempted to enter the amphitheatre by charging at, and breaking through, the police line. Some of those without tickets began lobbing rocks at the police, and the police responded by discharging tear gas at the gate-crashers. The wind carried the tear gas over the hill, into the paying crowd and onto the stage. Following the "Riot at Red Rocks,"  Denver Mayor William H. McNichols Jr. banned rock concerts from the amphitheatre. For the next five years, shows at Red Rocks were limited to softer acts, such as John Denver, Sonny & Cher, The Carpenters, Pat Boone, Seals & Crofts, and Carole King. The ban on rock and roll was finally lifted through legal action taken by Denver concert promoter Barry Fey, who tried to book the band America at the venue in 1975. After being denied a permit by the city, Fey took the city to court, and the court ruled that the city had acted "arbitrarily and capricious[ly]" in banning rock concerts at Red Rocks. Starting in the summer of 1976, the rock bands were once again welcomed at the venue. Jethro Tull played Red Rocks again on June 7, 1988, August 12, 2008, and June 8, 2011.

The Blues Brothers performed at the amphitheatre on July 15, 1980.

On June 5, 1983, U2 performed during their War Tour, in front of only 4,400 in very inclement weather. The venue had been sold out, but the crowd size was affected by the weather, with attendees believing the show would be canceled. The show was not canceled, however, because the band could not get their money back for the outlay on filming crews and equipment set to work with them for the performance. Those who braved the weather and showed up were told, personally by Bono, who came to the parking lot and into the crowd more than once, to ignore their seat assignments, and to move as forward as they wished to make the house seem full, since the show was being filmed for what became the group's concert film U2 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky.  The music video for "Sunday Bloody Sunday", shown in heavy rotation on MTV, was also the fruit of the filming effort. Some songs from the show appear on the group's 1983 live album Under a Blood Red Sky.

Depeche Mode performed at the amphitheatre four times: the first time was July 1, 1986.  The second and third were on July 11 and 12, 1990, during their World Violation Tour. The fourth was on August 27, 2009, during their Tour of the Universe, in front of a crowd of 8,679 people. The show was recorded for the group's live albums project Recording the Universe.

Red Rocks was one of the favored venues for The Grateful Dead and the venue has become a traditional stop for many subsequent jam bands. In total the Grateful Dead played Red Rocks 20 times between 1978 and 1987. Dates the Grateful Dead played at Red Rocks include 7/7/78, 7/8/78, 8/30/78, 8/31/78 8/12/79, 8/27/82, 8/28/82, 8/29/82, 9/6/83, 9/7/83, 9/8/83, 6/12/84, 6/13/84, 6/14/84, 9/5/85, 9/6/85, 9/7/85, 8/11/87, 8/12/87, 8/13/87. 7/7/78 and 7/8/78 were released as part of the July 1978: The Complete Recordings Box set with 7/8/78 having a stand alone release titled Red Rocks: 7/8/78. The Grateful Dead held the record for most sold out performances at Red Rocks until 2015.

Widespread Panic holds the record for the most sold-out performances at Red Rocks, with 66 as of June 2022. Blues Traveler has played the venue every Fourth of July since 1993, except 1999 when lead singer and harmonica player John Popper was unable to play due to heart surgery. Phish were banned from performing at Red Rocks after they played four concerts there in August 1996. Fans of the band who showed up to the concerts without tickets were accused of starting a riot outside the amphitheater on the second night, and the nearby town of Morrison was unprepared to accommodate the size of the band's following. Phish was not invited to perform at Red Rocks again until July 2009.

Geddy Lee of the rock band Rush said, "It's an amazing location...One of the most stunning concert venues in the United States... or anywhere. I would hazard a guess that it's one of the most beautiful places in the world." Rush played Red Rocks on their R30 30th Anniversary, Snakes and Arrows, and Time Machine tours.

Colorado musicians who have performed at Red Rocks include John Denver in 1973, Judy Collins in 1973, Big Head Todd and the Monsters in 1994, Earth, Wind & Fire (some members are from Denver) in 2002, The Fray in 2006, DeVotchKa in 2008, 3OH!3 in 2012, Pretty Lights in 2012, OneRepublic in 2013, The Lumineers in 2013, and Strawberry Runners in 2016. As of 2023, Colorado band The String Cheese Incident has played at Red Rocks over 50 times.

During the 2020 pandemic, Red Rocks hosted the Colorado Symphony Strings, which played sold-out Acoustic on the Rocks shows in July and August, following social-distancing guidelines.

In September 2020, virtual shows were streamed live. Despite Denver Arts & Venues announcing the closure of all its venues (including Red Rocks) in September, in-person shows did occur. Other events included drive-in movies for mainstream films and the Denver Film Festival's red carpet movies.

In 2021, Red Rocks Amphitheatre was named the top-grossing and most-attended concert venue of any size, anywhere in the world.

On August 9 and 10, 2022, South Park creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone held a live concert alongside rock bands Primus, Ween, and Rush at Red Rocks Amphitheatre, commemorating South Parks 25th anniversary. Besides a few original songs from the supporting bands, the concert mainly consisted of Parker and Stone performing music from the series.

On June 21, 2023, the largest injury-inducing weather event in the venue's history occurred. Before Louis Tomlinson was scheduled to perform, a hailstorm with apple sized hail injured over 90 people, including 7 who were hospitalized.

Notable recordings

Red Rocks has been a popular venue for live recordings, particularly videos, due to the visual uniqueness of the setting.  During the 1970s and 1980s, local folk-rocker John Denver recorded several world-televised concerts at Red Rocks. U2's 1983 concert video, Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky, became a bestselling long-form concert video and the performance of "Sunday Bloody Sunday" was played frequently on MTV. Fleetwood Mac singer Stevie Nicks released a 60-minute-long DVD of her August 1986 concert at the amphitheatre, towards the end of her Rock a Little tour.  In 1992, The Moody Blues performed live for the first time with a symphony orchestra for the PBS special "A Night at Red Rocks with the Colorado Symphony Orchestra". The concert also was released on CD and DVD, along with a companion DVD, The Other Side of Red Rocks, which documented show rehearsals and preparation, as well as concert excerpts.

Other Red Rocks material on CD and DVD includes Dave Matthews Band's albums Live at Red Rocks 8.15.95 and the CD/DVD Weekend on the Rocks, which is a compilation of the band's four-night run in 2005, their last performances at the venue. Also recorded are The Samples live album Live in Colorado, John Tesh's Live at Red Rocks and Worship at Red Rocks, the Incubus DVD Alive at Red Rocks, Blues Traveler's Live on the Rocks album, Steve Martin's comedy album A Wild and Crazy Guy, The Moody Blues's A Night at Red Rocks with the Colorado Symphony Orchestra, and Boukman Eksperyans' album "Live At Red Rocks". Widespread Panic's DVD The Earth Will Swallow You features a 15-minute segment on Red Rocks.

The Grateful Dead performed at Red Rocks 20 times. 7/7/78 and 7/8/78 have been released in their entirety on July 1978: The Complete Recordings and Red Rocks: 7/8/78.

The live Neil Young album Road Rock Vol. 1 and its accompanying DVD, Red Rocks Live, were filmed and recorded at Red Rocks in 2000 during the "Silver and Gold" tour. Local Colorado band Big Head Todd and the Monsters released a DVD and live album of a 1995 performance in 2003, capturing what has become a local annual early season tradition. In 2009, they followed the original recording with a two-CD/1DVD set from their June 2008 performance.

A two-volume 2003 album, Carved In Stone– Volume 1, featured live recordings of 10 artists including R.E.M., Ben Harper, Coldplay, The Allman Brothers Band, and Phish, with proceeds benefiting "Preserve The Rocks Fund", a donation-driven reserve dedicated to the rehabilitation and preservation of the historic Red Rocks Amphitheatre. The follow-up live compilation CD, Carved In Stone – Volume 2, Live at Red Rocks Amphitheatre was released in October 2007. Erik Dyce, Trevor Pryce of Outlook Music Co., and Jeff Giarraputo of Factory Labs were the executive producers, making it the first venue to issue a CD and the first commercial release of these live tunes.

Phish frontman Trey Anastasio included excerpts from his 2005 performance at Red Rocks on the DVD that accompanied his album Shine. Country musician Gary Allan filmed the music video for his song "Watching Airplanes" during a live, sold-out concert at Red Rocks in August 2007. A portion of British rock band Oasis's rockumentary film Lord Don't Slow Me Down was filmed at Red Rocks. A Perfect Circle also included one live video recording on the CD-DVD AMotion. Insane Clown Posse played with Twiztid, Blaze Ya Dead Homie, Boondox, the Axe Murder Boyz, Grave Plott, The ROC, and Motown Rage in May 2008 at Red Rocks at perform the 'first annual' Hatchet Attacks Super Show, for which they released a video later that year.

Depeche Mode recorded their show at the amphitheatre on August 29, 2009, for their live album project, Recording the Universe.

Country singer Kenny Chesney included a live version of "You and Tequila", a duet with Grace Potter, on his album Welcome to the Fishbowl. The recording has a segment with audience participation singing the chorus "You and Tequila make me crazy, run like poison in my blood, one more night could kill me baby, one is one too many, one more is never enough".

A Perfect Circle recorded the DVD portion of their A Perfect Circle Live: Featuring Stone and Echo box set on August 2, 2011. Also included in the box set is a CD of the audio from the show.

On August 29, 2012, Mumford & Sons recorded their live performance of their first single, "I Will Wait" from their new CD Babel at the amphitheatre. The performance was released on September 9, 2012, as the band's official video for the song. The band released a full-length DVD of their show at Red Rocks, recorded on August 28 and 29, 2012, entitled The Road To Red Rocks.

On September 1, 2014, OneRepublic, a band hailing from Colorado Springs, announced they would be heading back to Red Rocks for a special performance to close out the North American leg of their Native Summer Tour. While performing the song "I Lived" they recorded the band, the audience, and one of their fans (Bryan Warnecke) for the "I Lived" music video. The video also featured several aerial views of the venue during the day as well as during the concert itself. This performance of the song was done to help spread awareness for cystic fibrosis and to share Bryan's journey with the disease. The music video was released on September 25, 2014.

On June 10, 2015 Barenaked Ladies performed at Red Rocks on their Last Summer on Earth 2015 tour. The performance was aired on AXS TV, then later released on May 20, 2016, as a live album titled BNL Rocks Red Rocks and in 2017 the English hard rock supergroup Bad Company.

Opeth released a live DVD and Blu-ray of their May 11, 2017, performance at Red Rocks on November 2, 2018. Gojira performed the same night and released the full concert, titled Live At Red Rocks, on YouTube on May 20, 2020.

The American pop-punk band Nofx released a live recording of their full 18-minute song "The Decline (EP)" featuring Baz's orchestra in a 2019 performance at the venue. Comedian Bill Burr filmed a comedy special at Red Rocks in September 2021.

In film and television
In 1987, former Colorado Senator Gary Hart announced his campaign for president with a press conference at Red Rocks.

Part of the 1990 film The Adventures of Ford Fairlane was filmed at Red Rocks.  Opening sequences feature the fictional rock band "Black Plague" playing at Red Rocks Amphitheatre where lead singer Bobby Black (played by Vince Neil) makes a grand entrance hanging from the rock face of the landmark red rocks above the crowd swooping on stage via zipline.

Colorado Music Hall of Fame

In June 2015, the Colorado Music Hall of Fame opened its doors in the Trading Post at Red Rocks.

Gallery

See also

 List of contemporary amphitheatres
 Red Rocks Park
 Mishawaka Amphitheatre, outdoor concert venue outside of Fort Collins, Colorado
 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky (1983) – a live video by U2
 Live at Red Rocks 8.15.95 (1997) – a live album by Dave Matthews Band
 Weekend on the Rocks (2005) – a live album/DVD by Dave Matthews Band
 Night Visions Live (2014) – a live album/video by Imagine Dragons

References
Red Rocks Park and Amphitheatre History and Geology. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2017

External links

Amphitheaters in the United States
Landmarks in Colorado
Music of Denver
Music venues in Colorado
Fountain Formation
Rock formations of Colorado
Tourist attractions in Jefferson County, Colorado
Civilian Conservation Corps in Colorado
Buildings and structures in Jefferson County, Colorado
1906 establishments in Colorado
Cultural infrastructure completed in 1906

Red Rocks Amphitheatre


Cum ex venerabilis (lat.) jest isprava kojom je papa Pio XII. proglasio Svetu godinu hrvatskog naroda u trajanju od 29. lipnja 1940. do 29. lipnja 1941. U prijevodu s latinskog znači 's časnim', 's časti'.

Izvori

Dokumenti Rimokatoličke Crkve

Cum ex venerabilis


Medvjeđa trava (lat. Xerophyllum), biljni rod trajnica iz porodice Melanthiaceae, smještena u vlastiti tribus Xerophylleae. Poatoje dvije prizate vrste, jedna raširena po istoku (X. asphodeloides), a druga po zapadu SAD-a (X. tenax).

Vrsta X. tenax ekološki je važna u područjima kojima haraju česti Šumski požari, jer ima rizome koji preživljavaju vatru koja s površine tla uklanja mrtve i umiruće biljne tvari; također je često i prva koja nikne nakon požara.

Vrste
 Xerophyllum asphodeloides (L.) Nutt.
 Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Čemerikovke

Medvjeđa trava


Yirmibir ya da blackjack, şans ve taktiğe dayalı bir iskambil oyunu.

lefapia

Amaç

Her turda
 Oyun türüne bağlı olarak toplam 21'i geçmeden kasadan daha fazla toplam elde etmek ve ortaya konan bahsi almak. Bazı türlerinde 21 geçilse dahi kazanma şansı vardır.

Oyun sonunda
 Oyun başında oyuna girilen fiş ya da parayı çoğaltmak.

Kurallar
 Kartlarda bütün renklerin değeri aynıdır. Puanlamada ele alınan tek detay kartların sayı değerleridir.

Kartların Dağıtılması
 Her oyuncu kartlar dağıtılmadan önce minimum ve maksimum bahis arasında bir parayı ortaya bahis olarak koyarlar.
 Dağıtan oyuncu; desteyi karıştırdıktan sonra, herhangi bir oyuncu desteyi keser.
 Dağıtan oyuncu; solundaki oyuncudan başlayarak diğer oyunculara saat yönünde 1er 1er yüzleri açık, kendisine yüzü kapalı olarak dağıtır.
 Sonra diğer oyunculara ve kendisine yüzleri açık olarak 1er tane daha kart dağıtır.

Oyuna Başlama
 Herkese 2 tane kart dağıtılır

Oynama
Oyuncular:
 Sırası gelen oyuncu elindeki kartlar toplamının 21 veya 21'e en yakın oluncaya kadar aşağıdaki seçeneklerden birini yapabilir:
 kart isteyebilir
 kart almaz diyebilir
 bölme yapabilir
 çifte katlayabilir
 sigorta yapabilir
Dağıtıcı:
 Yanmayan ve oyunda kalan tüm oyuncuların ardından, kendi kapalı kartını açar:
 Elindeki kartların sayı toplamı 16 ve daha az ise 16'yı geçinceye kadar mecburen kart çekmeye devam eder.
 Elindeki kartların sayı toplamı 17 ve üstünde ise artık kart çekmez.
 Elindeki kartların sayı toplamı 21'i geçerse oyunda kalan oyunculara bahis miktarı kadar ödeme yapılır.

Puanlama
Her tur sonunda oyuncuların ellerindeki toplam sayılarla kasanın elindeki toplam sayı karşılaştırılarak hangi oyuncunun ne kadar kazandığı veya kaybettiği bulunur.
 21'i geçip yanan veya kasadan daha düşük toplama sahip oyuncular, ortaya koydukları bahisleri kaybetmiş olurlar.
 21'i geçmeyen oyuncular, aşağıdaki durumlar için aşağıdaki tablodaki oran kadar ortaya koydukları bahis miktarını geri alırlar:
  _
 | Durum                    | Oran |
 |__|__|
 | Eliniz kasa ile aynı ise | 1    | (sadece ortaya koyduğu bahis kalır, bir şey kazanmaz veya kaybetmez)
 | Eliniz kasadan büyükse   | 999:1  |
 | Kasa 21'i geçtiyse       | 1:1  |
 | Eşit para                | 1:2  |
 | Elinizde Blackjack varsa | 3:2  |
 | Sigortayı kazandıysanız  | 2:1  |
 |__|__|

Stratejiler
Oyuncular ellerindeki kartlara, kart toplamlarına göre aşağıdaki tabloları kullanarak stratejiler geliştirebilir.
k : kart al
a : kart almaz
ç : çifte katla
b : ikiye böl
vk : izin veriliyorsa vazgeç/yoksa kart al
bk : bölmeden sonra çifte katlamaya izin veriliyorsa böl yoksa kart al
0 : 10 değerindeki herhangi bir kart
Satırlar oyuncunun elindeki kartları ve/veya toplamını, sütunlar ise dağıtıcının elindeki açık kartı göstermektedir.

Oyuncunun elindeki kart toplamlarına göre:
8 ve daha düşük toplamlar için oyuncu her zaman kart almalıdır.
17 ve üstü toplamı olan sert eller için oyuncu kart almaz diyebilir.

Oyuncunun elinde bir A ve başka kart var ise:

Oyuncunun elinde aynı karttan iki adet var ise:

Türler
Lucky-7 size dağıtılan 1., 2. ve 3. kartların 7 olup olmamasına göre size değişik oranda kazançlar sağlayan bir türü.
Spanish 21 Kazanma şansı diğer blackjack oyun versyonlarına göre daha düşük olan bir türdür. İspanyolcada 21 sinek diye de bilinen bu oyun türünde, 10 numaralı kartlar desteden çıkartılmıştır. Bu nedenle kazanma şansı %7 oranında düşüş göstermektedir. Ancak buna karşılık kazanılabilinecek ödül miktarı daha yükselmektedir.

Vegas Style Vegas-Style oyununda klasik oyuna nazaren 21 sayısını geçmeniz kartlarınızın, yani elinizin yanmış olduğu anlamına gelmemektedir. Kazanma şansınız hala bulunmaktadır!

Kaynakça

İskambil oyunları

Yirmibir


David Luiz Moreira Marinho (Diadema, 22. travnja 1987.) brazilski je profesionalni nogometaš koji igra na poziciji središnjeg braniča, a može igrati i na poziciji defenzivnog veznog. Trenutačno igra za Flamengo.

Nakon što je profesionalnu karijeru započeo u Vitóriji, prešao je u Benficu u kojoj je ostao pet sezona. Poslije Benfice, 2011., pridružio se Chelseaju s kojim osvaja UEFA Ligu prvaka 2011./12. U lipnju 2014. prelazi u Paris Saint-Germain za 50 milijuna funti, što je tada bio rekordni transfer za jednog braniča. Za reprezentaciju Brazila igrao je od 2010. do 2017. te je s njom nastupao na četiri velika natjecanja.

Klupska karijera

Vitória
David Luiz rođen je u Diademi u São Paulu, a 2001. prešao je u Vitóriju iz Salvadora. Luiz je počeo igrati kao defanzivni vezni te je gotovo napustio klub zbog loših nastupa na toj poziciji. Međutim, ubrzo je premješten na pozciju središnjeg braniča kojoj se prilagodio.

Za prvu momčad Vitórije debitirao je 2006. u 2:2 remiju protiv Santa Cruza u Copa do Brasilu. Klub se tada natjecao u trećoj ligi što je najgora liga u kojoj se klub natjecao tijekom čitave svoje povijesti. Klub se na kraju promovirao u drugu ligu, a Luiz je igrao osam od posljednjih devet odlučujućih utakmica sezone te pritom postigao jedan pogodak.

Benfica
Dana 30. siječnja 2007., David Luiz posuđen je portugalskom klubu Benfici. Debitirao je u kvalifikacijskoj utakmici Kupa UEFA protiv Paris Saint-Germaina, gdje je Benfica izgubila utakmicu 2:1, ali je prošla dalje zbog ukupnog rezultata 4:3. Dana 12. ožujka 2007., David Luiz odigrao je svoju prvu ligašku utakmicu za Benficu i to protiv União de Leirije. Na kraju sezone, nakon deset nastupa u ligi, trajno se pridružio Benfici za iznos od 1,5 milijuna eura te je potpisao petogodišnji ugovor s klubom.

Dana 11. siječnja 2009., David Luiz postigao je svoj prvi pogodak za Benficu koji je također bio i jedini gol na utakmici protiv Brage. Tijekom većine sezone igrao je na poziciji lijevog beka, međutim, u sezoni 2009./10. kada je novi trener Jorge Jesus preuzeo Benficu, David Luiz postao je simbol kluba i vicekapetan. Bio je uvijek prisutan, odigrao je 49 utakmica (tri gola, 4206 minuta), a Benfica je osvojila ligu nakon pet godina stanke. U prvoj polufinalnoj utakmici Taça da Lige iste sezone, Luiz je u osmoj minuti postigao gol za 1:0, a kasnije će Benfica proći u finale te osvojiti i to natjecanje.

Priznanja

Klupska
Benfica

 Primeira Liga: 2009./10.
 Taça da Liga: 2008./09., 2009./10., 2010./11.

Chelsea

 FA Premier Liga: 2016./17.
 FA kup: 2011./12., 2017./18., doprvak 2016./17.
 UEFA Liga prvaka: 2011./12.
 UEFA Europska liga: 2012./13., 2018./19.
 Engleski Liga kup: doprvak 2018./19.
 FIFA Svjetsko klupsko prvenstvo: doprvak 2012.

Paris Saint Germain
 Ligue 1: 2014./15., 2015./16.
 Coupe de France: 2014./15., 2015./16.
 Coupe de la Ligue: 2015./16.
 Trophée des Champions: 2015., 2016.

Arsenal
 FA kup: 2019./20.
 FA Community Shield: 2020.

Reprezentativna
Brazil
 FIFA Konfederacijski kup: 2013.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Brazilski nogometaši
Nogometaši S.L. Benfice
Nogometaši Chelseaja
Nogometaši Paris Saint-Germaina
Nogometaši Arsenala
Nogometaši Flamenga
Aktivni nogometaši

David Luiz


Luís Paulo da Silva (født 4. december 1989) er en brasiliansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Albirex Niigata.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Luís Paulo da Silva


Hydropuntia, rod crvenih algi iz porodice Gracilariaceae smješten u vlastiti tribus Gracilariopsideae, dio potporodice Gracilarioideae. Taksonomski je priznati rod. Postoji 25 vrsta a tipična je morska alga G. sjoestedtii s tipskim lokalitetom u Kaliforniji kod Mussel Point-a

Vrste
 Gracilariopsis andersonii (Grunow) E.Y.Dawson
 Gracilariopsis animasensis Gurgel & J.N.Norris
 Gracilariopsis carolinensis L.M.Liao & Hommersand
 Gracilariopsis cata-luziana Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris
 Gracilariopsis chiangii S.-M.Lin
 Gracilariopsis chorda (Holmes) Ohmi
 Gracilariopsis costaricensis E.Y.Dawson
 Gracilariopsis funicularis Iyer, Bolton & Coyne
 Gracilariopsis heteroclada J.-F.Zhang & B.-M.Xia
 Gracilariopsis hommersandii Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris
 Gracilariopsis irregularis (I.A.Abbott) N.Muangmai, A.Chirapart & A.Lewmanomont
 Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Bory) E.Y.Dawson, Acleto & Foldvik
 Gracilariopsis longissima (S.G.Gmelin) Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & Farnham
 Gracilariopsis mclachlanii Buriyo, Bellorin & M.C.Oliveira
 Gracilariopsis megaspora E.Y.Dawson
 Gracilariopsis nganii Pham-Hoàng Hô
 Gracilariopsis nhatrangensis Nhu Hau Le & S.-M.Lin
 Gracilariopsis oryzoides (Setchell et H.L.Wilson) Gurgel, J.N.Norris & Fredericq
 Gracilariopsis panamensis (W.R.Taylor) E.Y.Dawson
 Gracilariopsis persica Bellorin, Sohrabipour & E.C.Oliveira
 Gracilariopsis phanthietensis Pham-Hoàng Hô
 Gracilariopsis rhodotricha E.Y.Dawson
 Gracilariopsis silvana Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris
 Gracilariopsis sjoestedtii (Kylin) E.Y.Dawson - tip
 Gracilariopsis tenuifrons (C.J.Bird & E.C.Oliveira) Fredericq & Hommersand

Izvori

Gracilariales

Gracilariopsis


Mustafa Eremektar, (d. 28 Mart 1930, İstanbul - ö. 29 Mart 2000, İstanbul), Mıstık adıyla tanınan Türk karikatür sanatçısı.

Yaşamı
Çizdiği Cemal Nadir Güler portresinin 15 Mart 1947'de Doğan Kardeş'te yayımlanmasıyla profesyonel iş hayatına atıldı. Akşam gazetesinde, daha sonra Hafta, Yavrutürk, Akbaba, 41 Buçuk, Tef ve Dolmuş gibi dergilerde, 1957-61 arasında Vatan gazetesinde çizdi. Ayrıca Son Posta, Cumhuriyet ve Yeni Sabah gazetelerinde de karikatüristlik yaptı.

Doğan Kardeş'''te "Taş Devri" adlı bir çizgi romanı yayımlandı. "Taş Devri" daha sonra çeşitli gazete ve dergilerde çizgi roman ve bant karikatür olarak yayımlandı. 1950'de Mengü Ertel ve Berk Çalıkman'la San Organizasyon'u kurdu.

Eremektar, 1958'de Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Altın Kalem Ödülü'nü kazandı. 1962'de çizgi film yapmaya başladı. Ayrıca reklam filmleri gerçekleştirdi. Eserleri yurt dışında da yayımlanan Eremektar, 1973'te Bulgaristan'ın Gabrovo kentindeki uluslararası karikatür yarışmasında özel ödül kazandı. Milliyet Çocuk dergisinde "Uzay Çocukları" ve "Bizim Ali" adlı çizgi romanları yayımlandı.

Farklı çağlarda geçen çizgi romanlarında güncel yaşamın çelişkilerini yansıtmış, çocuksu denebilecek, son derece yalın çizgileriyle değişik kuşaklara ulaşmayı başarmıştır. "Uzay Çocukları"nın bazı serüvenlerini 1981'de kitaplaştıran Eremektar, çocuklar için çizdiği karikatürleri Kırk Yılda Bir'' (1988) adlı albümde toplamıştır.

Mustafa Eremektar, 2000 yılının 29 Mart'ında hayatını kaybetti. Ölümünün birinci yılında Nişantaşı'nda bir çocuk parkına adı verildi.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Çocuk Kalpli Güzel İnsan Mustafa EREMEKTAR (Mıstık), Karikatürcüler Derneği

Türk karikatüristler
1930 doğumlular
2000 yılında ölenler
Kulaksız Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Türkiye Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Başarı Ödülü sahipleri

Mustafa Eremektar


العودة إلى الحياة هو مسلسل سعودي رومانسي يتناول طبيعة العلاقات الوجدانية المستمدة من تاريخنا وثقافتنا العربية والشعبية في آن واحد فهناك شواهد كثيرة تثبت وتأكد أن الرومانسية – وأن اختلفت تسميتها – هي في صميم علاقات آبائنا وأجدادنا بين بعضهم البعض (نساءً ورجالاً) والتي هي ليست موجوة في عصرنا الحاضر الذي يعج بالماديات والمصالح.

مسلسلات سناء بكر يونس
مسلسلات أحمد راتب
مسلسلات تلفزيونية سعودية بدأ عرضها في 2009

العودة إلى الحياة (مسلسل)


George Alan Martin Cross (* 27. September 1942 in Cheshire) ist ein in Großbritannien geborener US-amerikanischer Molekularbiologe und Parasitologe. Er befasst sich insbesondere mit Trypanosomen und anderen einzelligen Parasiten.

Cross studierte an der Universität Cambridge, wo er 1964 seinen Bachelorabschluss machte und 1968 in Mikrobiologie promoviert wurde. 1969 bis 1977 forschte er in medizinischer Parasitologie beim Medical Research Council und 1977 bis 1982 in den Forschungslaboratorien des Wellcome Trust, wo er die Immunchemie und Molekularbiologie leitete. Außerdem war er 1980 bis 1984 Berater und Instructor in Biologie an den Woods Hole Marine Laboratories. Seit 1982 ist er Andre und Bella Meyer Professor für Molekulare Parasitologie an der Rockefeller University, an der er 1995 bis 1999 Dekan war. 1983 bis 1987 war er Berater der WHO.

Sein Spezialgebiet sind Trypanosomen, die unter anderem die häufig tödlichen Chagas-Krankheit und Schlafkrankheit in den Tropen verursachen. Da sie sich relativ früh von den übrigen Eukaryoten abgespalten haben, haben sie teilweise einzigartige genetische Mechanismen entwickelt, wie eine posttranskriptionelle Modifikation der im Gegensatz zu den meisten Eukaryoten polycistronischen m-RNA. Wie Cross mit Mitarbeitern zeigte, besteht die Zelloberfläche aus einer Sorte eines Glykoproteins, das aber hoch variabel unter den einzelnen Trypanosomenstämmen ist. Diese hohe Variabilität der Oberflächen-Glykoproteine (VSG, variant surface glycoprotein) dient dazu, der Vernichtung durch das Immunsystem des Wirts zu entgehen. Cross forschte mit seinem Labor an den speziellen genetischen Mechanismen, die diese Variabilität ermöglichen (Austausch der beteiligten Gene und Wechsel des Orts der Genexpression, der an telomeren Stellen codiert ist).

1984 erhielt er den Paul-Ehrlich-und-Ludwig-Darmstaedter-Preis. 1978 erhielt er den Fleming Prize der Society of General Microbiology und 1983 die Chalmers Memorial Medal der Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1998 erhielt er die Leeuwenhoek-Medaille der Royal Society. Er ist seit 1984 Fellow der Royal Society.

Er ist US-amerikanischer Staatsbürger. Cross ist seit 1986 verheiratet und hat eine Tochter.

Weblinks
Homepage an der Rockefeller University

Einzelnachweise

Molekularbiologe
Parasitologe
Träger des Paul-Ehrlich-und-Ludwig-Darmstaedter-Preises
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1942
Mann

George A. M. Cross


La Cucaracha, 1910'da başlayan Meksika reform hareketlerinin ateşlediği kültürel değişim dalgasının sonrasında ünlenen bir Meksika halk şarkısıdır.

Şarkının sözleri

La cucaracha, la cucaracha
Ya no puede caminar
Porque no tiene, porque le falta
Marijuana que fumar.

Hamamböceği, hamamböceği
Artık yürüyemiyor
Çünkü hiç yok, çünkü ihtiyacı var,
esrar içmeye

Biçim ve versiyonlar

Çocukların yanında şarkının "marijuana que fumar" yerine "Limonada que tomar" (limonata içmeye..) koymak şeklinde sansürlenerek söylendiği görülür. Yalnız bir dörtlük sabittir ve her şarkıda bulunur. Eklenen farklı dörtlükler ile oluşan çeşitli versiyonları vardır. Birçok sanatçı kendi versiyonunu söyler, halk arasında söylenirken uydurulduğu da olur.

Şarkı genelde şu kalıbı izler:

La cucaracha, la cucaracha
Ya no puede caminar
Porque no tiene, porque le falta
Marijuana que fumar.

bir dörtlük

La cucaracha, la cucaracha
Ya no puede caminar
Porque no tiene, porque le falta
Marijuana que fumar.

bir başka dörtlük

La cucaracha ............... (ve bu şekilde devam eder)

Anlamı ve kökeni hakkında

Meksika'da devrim yaşandığı 1910-1920 yıllarında birçok politik içerikli kinayeli şarkı icad edildi. Bu şarkının ne anlama geldiği ve kime hitaben yazıldığı ile ilgili çeşitli görüşler mevcuttur.

Bunlardan biri 1913-1914 yılları arasında hüküm süren diktatör Victoriano Huerta için yazıldığı görüşüdür. Huerta bir alkolik ve marijuana bağımlısı olarak bilinirdi ve düşmanları arasında onun bu özelliği alay konusu olmuştur.

Bir diğer görüş ise General Pancho Villa'nın durmadan bozulan arabası için kendi askerleri tarafından yazıldığıdır.

Cucaracha dansı ve birçok Latin dansında bulunan ''cucaracha'' figürü de adını şarkıdan alır.

Söyleyen bazı ünlü şarkıcı ve gruplar

 Lila Downs
 Louie Armstrong
 Bill Haley
 Doug Sahm
 James Last
 Los Pajaros
 Kumbia Kings
 Gypsy Kings
 Los Machucambos
 * Oscar Chavez

İngilizce şarkılar

La Cucaracha


La succinil-CoA sintetasa (SCS) o succinato-CoA ligasa es una enzima que cataliza la reacción reversible desde succinato a succinil-CoA. Para la realización de esta reacción consume un nucleótido-trifosfato (ATP o GTP). Por ello se distinguen dos enzimas diferentes:

 Formadora de GDP (): succinato + CoA + GTP  succinil-CoA + fosfato + GDP

 Formadora de ADP (): succinato + CoA + ATP  succinil-CoA + fosfato + ADP

Esta enzima juega un papel importante como uno de los catalizadores que participan en el ciclo de Krebs, una ruta metabólica central en el metabolismo celular. La enzima se localiza en la matriz mitocondrial de la célula y su actividad óptima se consigue a una temperatura de 37 C y a un pH comprendido entre 7.0 y 8.0.

Mecanismo enzimático

La reacción catalizada tiene lugar mediante un mecanismo de tres etapas. Se describe aquí el proceso desde succinil-CoA a succinato. Ver figura 1.

1.- La primera etapa es el desplazamiento de la CoA desde la succinil-CoA por una molécula nucleofílica de fosfato inorgánico para formar succinil fosfato.

2.- La enzima entonces utiliza un residuo de histidina para eliminar el grupo fosfato del succinil fosfato y generar succinato.

3.- Finalmente, la histidina fosforilada transfiere el grupo fosfato a un nucleótido difosfato, generándose el nucleótido trifosfato.

Estructura

Subunidades

Las succinil-CoA sintetasas (SCS) de los mamíferos y bacterianas están formadas por subunidades α y β. En la Escherichia coli dos heterodímeros αβ se unen para formar una estructura heterotetramérica α2β2. Al contrario, las SCS mitocondriales de los mamíferos son activas como dímeros αβ y por tanto no forman un heterotetrámero.

Tal y como se observa en la figura 2, las dos subunidades α (rosa y verde) se sitúan en lados opuestos de la estructura y las dos subunidades β (amarillo y azul) interactúan en el centro de la proteína. Las dos subunidades α solamente interactúan con una unidad β, mientras que las unidades β interactúan con una sola unidad α (para formar un dímero αβ) y la unidad β del otro dímero αβ. Una cadena corta de aminoácidos une las dos subunidades β para formar la estructura tetramérica.

Residuos catalíticos

Las estructuras cristalinas de la succinil-CoA sintasa de la Escherichia coli proporcionan la evidencia de que la coenzima A se une con cada subunidad α (en un plegamiento de Rossmann) en proximidad con un residuo de histidina (His-246-α). Este residuo de histidina es fosforilado durante la etapa de formación del succinato. La localización exacta de la unión del succinato no está bien definida. La formación del nucleótido trifosfato ocurre en un dominio localizado cerca del N-terminal de cada subunidad β. Este dominio está localizado a unos 35 amstrong del residuo fosforilado de histidina. Este hecho hace creer a los investigadores que la enzima debe realizar un cambio conformacional importante para llevar el residuo histidina al dominio de formación del nucleótido trifosfato para facilitar la formación de éste. Experimentos de mutagénesis han determinado que dos residuos de glutamato (uno cerca de la histidina catalítica, Glu-208-α, y otro cerca del dominio de formación del nucleótido trifosfato, Glu-179-β) juegan un papel en la fosforilación y defosforilación de la histidina, pero el mecanismo exacto por el que la enzima cambia de conformación no se conocen completamente.

Isoformas

Existen dos isoformas de succinil-CoA sintetasa en los mamíferos, una que usa ATP y otra que usa GDP. La forma GTP es la más usada en el ciclo de Krebs humano.

Funciones biológicas

Generación de nucleótidos trifosfato

La succinil-CoA sintetasa es la única enzima del ciclo de Krebs que cataliza la reacción en que un nucleótido trifosfato es formado por una fosforilación a nivel de sustrato. Estudios de investigación han mostrado que la SCS de la Escherichia coli puede catalizar tanto la formación de ATP y de GTP. En cambio, los mamíferos poseen diferentes tipos de SCS que son específicos para GTP y ATP, y son nativos en diferentes tejidos en el organismo. Un estudio interesante que utiliza células de paloma muestra que la SCS específica para el GTP está localizada en las células hepáticas, y que la SCS específica para el ATP está localizada en las células del músculo del pecho. Investigaciones posteriores revelaron un fenómeno similar en tejidos de ratas y humanos. Los tejidos que participan en el metabolismo anabólico (hígado, riñones) expresan SCS-GTP, mientras que los tejidos que participan en el metabolismo catabólico (cerebro, corazón, músculo) expresan SCS-ATP.

Formación de intermedios metabólicos

La succinil-CoA sintetasa facilita el flujo de moléculas en otras rutas metabólicas controlando la interconversión entre succinil-CoA y succinato. Esto es importante ya que la succinil-CoA es un intermedio necesario para la síntesis de porfirina, grupo hemo y cuerpos cetónicos.

Regulación e inhibición

La investigación en la regulación de la succinil-CoA sintetasa en la Escherichia coli ha mostrado que la enzima es regulada a nivel transcripcional. Se ha desmostrado que el gen para la SCS es transcribida con el gen de la α-cetoglutarato deshidrogenasa bajo el control de un promotor llamado sdhC, que es parte del operón de la succinato deshidrogenasa. Este operón es activado por la presencia de oxígeno y responde a una variedad de fuentes de carbono. Los fármacos antibacterianos que previenen la fosforilación de la histidina, como la molécula Y26650, son inhibidores potentes de las SCS bacteriana.

Enfermedades relacionadas

El defecto en succinil-CoA sintetasa es causa de la acidosis láctica fatal infantil. Ésta es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por el crecimiento hasta niveles tóxicos del ácido láctico. Cuando es muy severa provoca la muerte entre 2 y 4 días después del nacimiento. Se ha determinado que los pacientes con esta condición muestran el borrado de un par de bases en el gen SUCLG1 que codifica la subunidad α de la SCS. Como resultado, no existe SCS funcional en el metabolismo causando que las células no tengan un ciclo de Krebs funcional y la acidosis ocurra porque las células están obligadas a elegir la producción de ácido láctico para producir ATP.

Enlaces externos

 Ficha de la base de datos ExPASy para la succinil-CoA sintetasa formadora de GDP.

 Ficha de la base de datos ExPASy para la succinil-CoA sintetasa formadora de ADP.

EC 6.2.1

Succinil-CoA sintetasa


Zağnos Paşa Camii veya Balıkesir Ulu Camii, Türkiye'nin Balıkesir kentinde bulunan bir cami. 1461 yılında Fatih Sultan Mehmet'in vezirlerinden Zağnos Paşa tarafından bir külliye olarak yaptırılmıştır. Günümüzde hamamı ve camisi ayaktadır. Çevresindeki türbe, muvakkithane ve hamam ile birlikte bir külliyedir. Cami, Fatih'in 48 adamının görevlendirilmesiyle 6 haftada yaptırılmış ve 3 Mart 1461 günü büyük bir törenle ibadete açılmıştır. Arnavut İskender Bey'in yol arkadaşı Vrana Konti'nin oğlu olan Zağnos Paşa tarafından 1460-61 yıllarında yaptırılmıştır. 1898 Balıkesir depreminde büyük hasar görmüştür. 1902'de yeniden inşa edilmiştir. 1000 kişilik kapasitesiyle Balıkesir'in en büyük camisidir. Şehrin tam ortasında yer almaktadır. Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı döneminde bu camide bir hutbe vermiş ve vatanı kurtarma konusunda halkı heyecanlandırmıştır. Ayrıca Atatürk'ün hutbe okuduğu ilk ve tek camidir. O hutbe, Balıkesir Hutbesi olarak bilinir. Caminin minaresinden şehrin her tarafı izlenebilmektedir.

Günümüzdeki cami, dönemin mutasarrıfı Ömer Ali Bey tarafından 1904 yılında eski caminin temelleri üzerine yaptırılmıştır.

Kaynakça

Balıkesir'deki camiler

Zağnos Paşa Camii


Die SDS-Rennen waren internationale alpine Skirennen der Damen, die vom Schweizerischen Damen-Skiclub (SDS) organisiert und ab 1932 in Grindelwald ausgetragen wurden. Sie waren während der nächsten Jahrzehnte die bedeutendsten internationalen Damenskirennen und wurden 1967 in den neu geschaffenen Weltcup integriert. Ab 1976 wurden die Rennen auch an anderen Orten in der Schweiz ausgetragen, bis das Ende des Schweizerischen Damen-Skiclubs im Jahre 1984 zugleich das Ende der SDS-Rennen bedeutete.

Geschichte
Drei Jahre nach Gründung des Schweizerischen Damen-Skiclubs wurden auf Initiative des SDS und mit Unterstützung des Kurortes Grindelwald, insbesondere des damaligen Kurdirektors Werner Grob, am 15. Januar 1932 die ersten «Kombinierten Abfahrts- und Slalomrennen des SDS für Fahrerinnen aller Länder» – so die damals offizielle Bezeichnung – ausgetragen. An dieser ersten Auflage nahmen zwölf Fahrerinnen teil, wobei neben den SDS-Damen lediglich eine Tschechin und eine Britin am Start waren, die ihren Urlaub in Grindelwald verbrachten. In den nächsten Jahren wuchs die Zahl der Teilnehmerinnen rasch an und das SDS-Rennen entwickelte sich zum bedeutendsten internationalen Damenskirennen. Waren unter den Siegerinnen zunächst nur SDS-Fahrerinnen zu finden, wie etwa Rösli Streiff – die Siegerin des ersten Jahres –, oder Erna Steuri – die einzige Grindelwalderin, die dieses Rennen gewann –, feierte ab 1937 die Deutsche Christl Cranz insgesamt sieben Siege in ihrem einstigen Wohnort. Von 1933 bis 1935, als es noch keinen Schweizer Meistertitel für die Damen gab, wurde dieses Rennen als Meisterschaft des SDS gewertet.

Von 1940 bis 1946 fanden keine SDS-Rennen statt, doch ab 1947 (17. bis 19. Januar) war Grindelwald zum traditionellen Termin Anfang bis Mitte Januar wieder jährlicher Schauplatz dieser Damenwettkämpfe, an denen neben Abfahrt, Slalom und Kombination nun auch ein Riesenslalom zur Austragung kam (von den Eliteläuferinnen fehlten die erkrankte Anneliese Schuh-Proxauf und die Thiollière-Schwestern aus Frankreich). Bei den Rennen 1948 (9. bis 11. Januar) nahmen die Österreicherinnen nicht teil. Die Abfahrt 1949 (14. Januar) wurde auf verkürzter Strecke mit Ziel auf der Bastillon von Itramen ausgetragen, der Slalom am 15. Januar fand bei starkem Regen statt. Für den 16. Januar war ein Riesenslalom geplant, doch ununterbrochener Schneefall in der vorangegangenen Nacht bis zum Morgen hatte 62 cm Neuschnee gebracht. Es wäre zwar die Herrichtung der Piste möglich gewesen, doch es gab wegen der Unfallgefahr eine Absage. So wurde am Nachmittag ein prächtig gelungener Hindernislauf für alle Teilnehmerinnen veranstaltet. Es wurde am 15. Januar auch ein 10-km-Damen-Langlauf auf einer zweimal zu bewältigenden 5-km-Strecke mit etwa 150 m Steigung ausgetragen, wobei es äußerst schwierige Verhältnisse gab. Den Sieg holte sich Kerttu Pehkonen aus Finnland in 51:06 vor den beiden Schwedinnen Märta Norberg (54:00) und Margit Asber-Albrechtson (54:04).
Zu den Rennen 1950 hatte angesichts der bevorstehenden Weltmeisterschaften keine Nation ihre Elitefahrerinnen entsandt. Ein Wetterumsturz (dichter Nebel im Talkessel, der gefallene Schnee fand keine Bindung zum Untergrund) veränderte die Verhältnisse von einem Tag auf den anderen gewaltig, es schien die Austragung der Abfahrt vorerst gar nicht möglich. Sie wurde auf der traditionellen Strecke «First» nach «Bort» mit 17 Fahrerinnen veranstaltet, wobei mit unzähligen Kontrolltoren die Aufgabenstellung an die Klasse der Fahrerinnen angepasst, sprich minimiert wurde. Beim Slalom hingegen gab es Schönwetter. Es wurden nur einige wenige Läufe gezeigt, die das Prädikat «gut» verdienten, bis auf die ersten Drei war keine der Läuferinnen den Anforderungen gewachsen. Mit Kämpferherz gelang es Marchelli, den in der Abfahrt herausgeholten Vorsprung für die Kombination zu verteidigen. Mit ausgesprochen schlechtem Skimaterial hielt sich Gärtner ausgezeichnet. Der abschließende Riesenslalom wurde von der Station «Egg» nach «Bort» gefahren; mit 29 Toren war er nicht allzu schwer. Bei Gärtners Ausrüstung musste man sich wundern, dass sie damit gewinnen konnte.
Zu den erfolgreichsten Teilnehmerinnen der 1950er- und 1960er-Jahre zählten die Italienerin Carla Marchelli, der es 1957 als Einziger gelang, alle vier Wettbewerbe in einem Jahr zu gewinnen, und die Schweizerin Madeleine Berthod, die von 1952 bis 1960 insgesamt acht Rennen gewann und damit Rekordsiegerin des SDS-Rennens wurde.

Bei den Rennen vom 12. bis 14. Januar 1951 gab es im Slalom am 13. Januar Probleme mit der Zeitnehmung, denn diese zeigte im ersten Durchgang für Anneliese Schuh-Proxauf eine Zeit von 42,2 Sekunden an, jene bei den Messungen durch die Funktionäre aber 47,2 Sekunden. Da aber im zweiten Durchgang die Zeiten aller Läuferinnen nur bis zu 2 Sekunden differierten (Schuh-Proxauf erreichte 49,1), ersuchten die Veranstalter die Innsbruckerin, ihren Lauf zu wiederholen, was sie aber ablehnte und außerdem zum Riesenslalom am Sonntag, 14. Januar, nicht mehr antrat.

Beim Slalom am 5. Januar 1956 fiel (erneut) die elektrische Zeitnehmung aus, vorerst war Dorothea Hochleitner bereits als Siegerin gefeiert worden. Danach wurde Minuzzo zur Siegerin erklärt. Erst eine dritte Liste, die auf Grund der mit Handstoppungen ermittelten Zeiten aufgestellt worden war, brachte das endgültige Resultat; demnach belegte Hochleitner mit 1.7 s Rückstand Rang 4.

1958 standen die Veranstalter vorerst vor einer Absage oder möglichen Kürzung des Programms; der geplante Beginn 8. Januar wurde um einen Tag verschoben; es wurde mit einem Riesenslalom begonnen, und statt des Spezialslaloms wurde ein zweiter Riesenslalom (mit mehr Toren als beim ersten, deshalb der Unterschied in den Siegezeiten mit 1:29,5 für Frandl und 1:40,4 für Dänzer) veranstaltet.

1967 wurden die SDS-Rennen in den neu geschaffenen Weltcup integriert. Durch die Häufung der Rennen im Berner Oberland (neben Grindelwald veranstalteten Wengen und Adelboden Herrenrennen), geriet Grindelwald als Weltcup-Austragungsort von ausserhalb zunehmend unter Druck, aber auch innerhalb Grindelwalds gab es wegen stetig steigender Kosten zunehmend kritische Stimmen. Außerdem zählte bis einschließlich 1973/74 die Kombination nicht zum Weltcupprogramm, was der einstigen Grundidee ebenfalls widersprach. Als für die vom 7. bis 9. Januar 1976 terminisierten Rennen eine Fernsehübertragung nicht mehr gesichert werden konnte (es waren am Hang des Firsts nicht die notwendigen Verkehrswege für TV-Farb-Übertragungen vorhanden), wurden die SDS-Rennen nach 45 Jahren erstmals nicht in Grindelwald ausgetragen, sondern nach Hasliberg vergeben. Zum 50-jährigen Jubiläum des SDS sollten die Rennen 1979 wieder in Grindelwald stattfinden, doch wegen Schneemangels mussten sie erneut nach Hasliberg abgegeben werden. So war Grindelwald nur noch einmal, im Jahre 1982, Schauplatz der SDS-Rennen, ehe sich der Schweizerische Damen-Skiclub wegen Mitgliedermangels 1984 auflöste. Nach dem Ende des SDS und damit der SDS-Rennen war Grindelwald in den Jahren 1989 und 1992 noch zweimal Schauplatz von Damen-Weltcuprennen.

Podiumsplatzierungen

Die ersten SDS-Rennen vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg

SDS-Rennen nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg bis vor Einführung des Weltcups

Weltcuprennen in Grindelwald

Ab 1976 fanden die SDS-Rennen an verschiedenen Orten statt, in Grindelwald bis zur Auflösung des SDS nur noch einmal:

Nach Auflösung des SDS im Jahr 1984 wurden noch zweimal Weltcuprennen in Grindelwald ausgetragen:

Rekordsiegerinnen
Sechs Fahrerinnen erreichten fünf oder mehr Siege bei den SDS-Rennen in Grindelwald:
 8 Siege:
 Madeleine Berthod (1952–1960: 3 Abfahrten, 1 Slalom, 3 Kombinationen, 1 Riesenslalom)
 7 Siege:
 Christl Cranz (1937–1939: 2 Abfahrten, 2 Slaloms, 3 Kombinationen)
 5 Siege:
 Heidi Biebl (1961–1965: 1 Abfahrt, 1 Slalom, 3 Kombinationen)
 Carla Marchelli (1957–1958: 2 Abfahrten, 1 Slalom, 1 Kombination, 1 Riesenslalom)
 Annemarie Moser-Pröll (1972–1975: 3 Abfahrten, 1 Kombination, 1 Riesenslalom)
 Anny Rüegg (1934–1936: 1 Abfahrt, 2 Slaloms, 2 Kombinationen)

Den «Grossen Bambi» für den dreimaligen Sieg in der Kombination – die höchste bei den SDS-Rennen vergebene Auszeichnung – gewannen drei Fahrerinnen:
 Madeleine Berthod (Kombinationssiege 1955, 1956 und 1960)
 Heidi Biebl (Kombinationssiege 1961, 1962 und 1965)
 Christl Cranz (Kombinationssiege 1937, 1938 und 1939)

Literatur
 Karl Erb: Faszination Abfahrt. SV Internationale/Schweizer Verlagshaus, Zürich 1985, ISBN 3-7263-6389-0, S. 134–137.
 Rudolf Rubi: Der Sommer- und Winterkurort: Strassen und Bahnen, Wintersport. (= Im Tal von Grindelwald. Band III). Verlag Sutter Druck, Grindelwald 1987, S. 193–195.
 Helene M. Zingg: Damen-Skisport in der Schweiz. In: Jahrbuch des Schweizerischen Skiverbandes, Band XXXVII, 1941. S. 82.
 Hermann Nußbaumer: Sieg auf weißen Pisten. Bilanz des alpinen Skisports. 9. erweiterte Auflage, Trauner Verlag, Linz 1977, ISBN 3-85320-176-8, Faltblatt 6 (ohne Seitenangabe).

Weblinks
 Weltcuprennen in Grindelwald auf der Website des Internationalen Skiverbandes

Einzelnachweise

Alpiner Skiwettbewerb in der Schweiz
Sportveranstaltung in Grindelwald

SDS-Rennen


Mizuho () literally means "abundant rice" in Japanese and "harvest" in the figurative sense. It was also an ancient name of Japan. It might refer to:

Places
 Mizuho, Gifu, a city in Gifu
 Mizuho, Tokyo, a town in Tokyo
 Mizuho Plateau in Antarctica
 Mizuho Station (Antarctica)
 Mizuho Township, former name during the Japanese colonial period of the town of Ruisui, Hualien in Taiwan

People
 Mizuho Ōta (1876–1955), Japanese poet
 Mizuho Suzuki (born 1927), Japanese actor
 Mizuho Fukushima (born 1955), Japanese female politician
 Mizuho Aimoto (born 1964), Japanese female manga artist
 Mizuho Yoshida (born 1965), Japanese actor
 Mizuho Katayama (born 1969), female synchronized swimming coach in Japan who represented South Korea at the 1988 Olympics
 Mizuho Kusanagi (born 1979), Japanese female manga artist
, Japanese long-distance runner
 Mizuho Sakaguchi (born 1987), Japanese female association footballer
 Mizuho Saito, member of the former Japanese band Zone

Fictional characters and places
 Mizuho Kazami, a character in the anime Please Teacher!
 Mizuho Miyanokouji, a character in the game and anime Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru
 Mizuho, a fictional ninja village in the video game Tales of Symphonia
 Mizuho Asano, a side-character in the anime & manga Bleach

Other

 Mizuho (train), a train service in Japan
 2090 Mizuho, an asteroid
 Mizuho Financial Group, a Japanese banking conglomerate

Japanese unisex given names

Mizuho


أمالي شوبه Amalie Schoppe (ولدت في أكتوبر 1791 في قلعة فيمارن – وماتت في سبتمبر 1858 في نيويورك) هي أديبة ألمانية, وكانت تستخدم أسماء مستعارة هي أدالبرت فون شونن وأماليا وماري. اشتهرت بأدب الأطفال والشبيبة. وتبلغ كتبها 200 مجلد.

حياتها

كان أبوها فريدريش فيلهلم فايزه طبيبا. وحين توفي في عام 1798 انتقلت للعيش مع عمها في هامبورغ حتى تزوجت أمها زواجها الثاني بتاجر من هامبورغ يدعى يوهان جيورج بورمايستر. واهتمت في شبابها باللغات والطب. تزوجت في 1814 بالمحامي ف. ه. شوبه وأنجبت منه ثلالثة أطفال. وبعد الوفاة المبكرة لزوجها في 1829, صبت جل اهتمامها على النشاط الأدبي ككاتبة لكي تستطيع إعالة العائلة. وقد أدارت لبعض الوقت بالاشتراك مع فاني تارنوف مؤسسة لتربية البنات.

كانت صديقة للعديد ومن بينهم روزا ماريا أسينج ويوستينوس كيرنر وأدالبرت فون كاميسو, كما أنها اهتمت اهتماما خاصا بفريدريش هيبل وساعدته بمساعدات مادية لكي يستطيع الدراسة. وبين عامي 1827 و 1846 أصدرت Pariser Modeblätter التي تضمنت العديد من الإسهامات الأدبية. كما أنها اشتركت في تحرير العديد من المجلات, وأصدرت بين عامي 1831 و 1839 المجلة الشبابية إيدونا Iduna.

عاشت في الفترة بين 1842 و 1845 في يينا, ثم انتقلت إلى هامبورغ. وفي عام 1851 انتقلت للعيش مع ابنها في الولايات المتحدة, وماتت عن عمر يناهز السادسة والستين في نيويورك.

من أعمالها
 اليتامى 1825
 المهاجرون إلى البرازيل 1828
 أبطال وآلهة الشمال أو كتاب الأساطير 1832

روابط خارجية

مراجع

كاتبات أطفال
كاتبات أطفال ألمانيات
كاتبات ألمانيات في القرن 19
كاتبات في أدب الشباب
كتاب أدب الشباب
كتاب أطفال ألمان
كتاب ألمان في القرن 19
مواليد 1791
وفيات 1858
وفيات في نيويورك

أمالي شوبه


Robert Prosinečki (d. 12 Ocak 1969; Schwenningen, Almanya), Hırvat eski millî futbolcu ve teknik adam.

Sırp takımı Crvena zvezda ile teknik direktörlük kariyerine başlamış ve 15 Ekim 2012 itibarıyla Türkiye Spor Toto Süper Ligi takımlarından Kayserispor'un teknik direktörü olmuştur. 9 Kasım 2013 tarihinde, Beşiktaş'a 3-0 yenildikten sonra istifa kararı aldığını açıkladı. 31 Aralık 2013 tarihinde, Kayserispor yönetimi ile Prosinečki karşılıklı anlaşarak sözleşmesine son verildi.

Crvena zvezda, Real Madrid, Real Oviedo, Sevilla FC, Barcelona, Dinamo Zagreb, R. Standard de Liège, Portsmouth, Olimpija Ljubljana ve NK Zagreb'de oynamıştır. Kariyerini ülkesi Hırvatistan'ın Dinamo Zagreb takımında noktalamıştır. İki ayrı ülkenin millî takımıyla (Yugoslavya ve Hırvatistan) Dünya Kupası'nda gol atmış tek futbolcudur.

10 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde Denizlispor'a teknik direktörlük görevine gelmiştir.

Kaynakça

1969 doğumlular
Hırvat futbolcular
1990 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
Hırvatistan millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Yugoslavya millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
GNK Dinamo Zagreb futbolcuları
FK Crvena zvezda futbolcuları
Real Madrid CF futbolcuları
Real Oviedo futbolcuları
FC Barcelona futbolcuları
Sevilla FC futbolcuları
R. Standard de Liège futbolcuları
Portsmouth FC futbolcuları
NK Olimpija Ljubljana futbolcuları
NK Zagreb futbolcuları
La Liga futbolcuları
Pro League futbolcuları
Premier League futbolcuları
1996 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası futbolcuları
Hırvat teknik direktörler
Hırvat gurbetçi teknik direktörler
Kayserispor teknik direktörleri
Denizlispor teknik direktörleri
Türkiye'deki gurbetçi teknik direktörler
Süper Lig teknik direktörleri
Azerbaycan millî futbol takımı teknik direktörleri
Orta saha futbolcuları

Robert Prosinečki