Tom Byers is a professor at Stanford University in the United States. He concentrates in the area of high-technology ventures and serves as the faculty director for the Stanford Technology Ventures Program.

Career
Byers was an early employee at Go Corporation and Symantec. At Stanford he has established and directs Stanford Technology Ventures Program to train and encourage students to become entrepreneurs. Since 2004, he has taught "Introduction to High Technology Entrepreneurship" class, which in many respect parallels business school case study management courses, but with a specific high technology orientation. Byers was one of the founding faculty members of Singularity University, and lectures there on topics related to entrepreneurship and new technology ventures.

Byers serves on the Board of Directors for Reactivity, MyThings, and Flywheel Ventures. He also serves on the following advisory boards and committees: American Society for Engineering Education's Entrepreneurship Division, Harvard Business School's California Research Center, and the National Foundation for Teaching Entrepreneurship (NFTE) for inner-city youth.

Honors and awards
Byers holds the McCoy University Fellow in Undergraduate Education endowed chair at Stanford. He was awarded the 2005 Gores Award for excellence in teaching, the 2002 Tau Beta Pi Award for excellence in undergraduate teaching, the 2005 ASEE Kauffman Award for excellence in engineering and technology entrepreneurship education, the 2005 USASBE Entrepreneurship Educator of the Year Award, and the 2003 Leavey Award for excellence in private enterprise education. In 2004, he was named Northern California Entrepreneur of the Year in Ernst & Young's competition, awarded the Academy of Management's Innovation in Entrepreneurship Teaching Award and Price-Babson's Appel Prize.

Education
Byers is a triple-degree alumnus of the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned his bachelor's degree in industrial engineering and operations research in 1975, his MBA in 1980, and his Ph.D. in management science in 1982.

Personal life
He is also brother of venture capitalist Brook Byers.

References

Living people
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Haas School of Business alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)

Tom Byers (professor)


is a Japanese multinational imaging and electronics company. It was founded by the now-defunct commercial division of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Riken) known as the Riken Concern, on 6 February 1936 as . Ricoh's headquarters are located  in Ota, Tokyo.

Ricoh produces electronic products, primarily cameras and office equipment such as printers, photocopiers, fax machines, offers Software as a Service (SaaS) document management applications such as DocumentMall, RicohDocs, GlobalScan, Print&Share, MakeLeaps and also offers Projectors. In the late 1990s through early 2000s, the company grew to become the largest copier manufacturer in the world.  During this time, Ricoh acquired Savin, Gestetner, Lanier, Rex-Rotary, Monroe, Nashuatec, IKON and most recently IBM Printing Systems Division / Infoprint Solutions Company. Although the Monroe brand was discontinued, products continue to be marketed worldwide under the remaining brand names. In 2006, Ricoh acquired the European operations of Danka for $210 million. These operations continue as a stand-alone business unit, under the Infotec brand.

History
 1936: The company was founded. Before relocating to Chūō, Ricoh was first in Minato, Tokyo. In 2006 Ricoh's headquarters moved to the 25-story Ricoh Building in the Ginza area in Chūō.
1955: Ricoh made their first diazo copier. Ricopy 101 was a diazo wet copier for desktop blueprint duplication. The model received certification of Mechanical Engineering Heritage #54 by the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) in 2012.
 1960s and 1970s: Ricoh made wrist watches for both the Japanese domestic market and international markets, briefly entering into a partnership with Hamilton Watch Company, for the creation of the Ricoh Hamilton Electric watch.
 1980s and 1990s: Ricoh was the primary manufacturer of Pitney-Bowes copiers. They have also manufactured copiers for Toshiba, fax machines for AT&T Corporation and Omnifax, as well as a wide variety of equipment for numerous other companies including duplicators for AB Dick. Ricoh manufactured several electronic components for video game consoles - the Ricoh 2A03 8-bit CPU with built-in PSG sound as well as the Ricoh 2C02 (PPU) used in the Nintendo Entertainment System (2A07 CPU in the PAL NES and the 6538 PPU in PAL famiclones), and the Ricoh 5A22 16-bit CPU and the Ricoh 5C77 and Ricoh 5C78 PPUs used in the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It also supplied their RF5C68 and RF5C164 PCM sound chips to Fujitsu and Sega for the FM Towns computer, System 18 and System 32 arcade platforms and Sega CD add-on for the Genesis console.
 January 2001: Ricoh acquired Lanier Worldwide.
 2003: Ricoh bought naming rights to the CNE Coliseum (now known as Coca-Cola Coliseum) in Toronto.
 2004: Ricoh acquired Hitachi Printing Solutions, Ltd creating a new company, Ricoh Printing Systems, Ltd.
 2005: Ricoh bought the naming rights to the stadium/entertainment complex, home to Coventry City Football Club now called the Ricoh Arena.
 September 2005: Ricoh launched its newly-designed logo for the Ricoh brand. The prior logo was introduced in 1986.
 November 2006: Ricoh announced the integration of the head office of Ricoh Europe B.V. (REBV) in Amstelveen, Netherlands, with NRG's European headquarters in London, United Kingdom. This was completed on April 1, with the former NRG HQ in London becoming the Strategic HQ and the former REBV HQ in Amstelveen becoming the Operational HQ. This mirrors a similar process which took place in the US with Lanier and Ricoh USA. This integration was the first step within each country in Europe.
 July 1, 2007: A single country organization was created in Austria, with integration also taking place in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain.
 January 25, 2007: Ricoh announced purchase of IBM Printing Systems Division for $725 million and investment in a 3-year joint venture to form the new Ricoh subsidiary, InfoPrint Solutions Company, with a 51% share.
 February 2008: Ricoh partnered with PrinterOn to set up two new HotSpot printers: The SP C410DN-KP color printer and the SP 4100N-KP monochrome printer which allows Wi-Fi enabled users to print documents from any location.
 August 27, 2008: Ricoh announced its intentions of acquiring IKON Office Solutions for $1.6 billion; on November 1, Ricoh completed the acquisition.
 May 2011: Ricoh announced a cut of 10,000 jobs worldwide up to March 2014 from the 40,000 workers in Japan and 68,900 others overseas. The company would also shift 15,000 workers to areas with more growth potential.
July 2010: a confidentiality agreement involving Ricoh was found to be unenforceable by the High Court of England and Wales, as it breached Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which prohibits agreements which had the object or effect of distorting competition. Judgement was made in favour of Ricoh.
 July 1, 2011: Japanese optical glass-maker Hoya Corporation said it would sell its Pentax camera business to Ricoh, in a deal the Nikkei business daily said was worth about 10 billion yen ($124.2 million). On July 29, 2011, Hoya transferred its Pentax imaging systems business to a newly established subsidiary called Pentax Imaging Corporation. On October 1, 2011, Ricoh acquired all shares of Pentax Imaging Corp. and renamed the new subsidiary Pentax Ricoh Imaging Company, Ltd.
 October 1, 2011: Ricoh announced the establishment of Pentax Ricoh Imaging Company, LTD. On August 1, 2013, the company name was changed to Ricoh Imaging Company Ltd.
 January 8, 2016: Ricoh India stated they partnered with Siemens to offer digital lifecycle management software.
 July 19, 2016: Ricoh India admitted to an estimated 1,123 crore accounting fraud. CEO and Managing Director Manoj Kumar, and Chairman Tetsuya Takano have resigned from Ricoh India as a result.
 January 18, 2017: Ricoh Limited announced the acquisition of Avanti Computer Systems, headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, a leading provider of Print MIS (Management Information System) targeted for the production print market. The acquisition enabled Ricoh to further expand the value its production print workflow delivers to customers, as well as to help improve management efficiency and productivity of customers in the production printing market.
 2019: Ricoh announced a partnership with Cisco Systems.
 April 2022: Ricoh announced the acquisition of 80% of the shares in PFU Limited from Fujitsu Limited.

Operations
The Ricoh Group has sales and support, production, and research and development operations in nearly 180 countries. It has its world headquarters in Tokyo, Japan and regional headquarters in Japan, the Americas, Europe, China, and the Asia-Pacific.

Regional headquarters
Americas Regional HeadquartersRicoh USA, Inc., located in Exton, PA, USA, covers the United States and Canada while Ricoh Latin America, located in South Florida, covers the Latin American countries
Europe Regional HeadquartersRicoh International B.V., located in Amstelveen, the Netherlands and London, U.K. covers Europe, Africa and Middle East
Asia/Pacific Regional HeadquartersRicoh Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd., located in Singapore, covers South-East Asia, Australia, New Zealand and China

Research groups
Ricoh has 272 subsidiaries (72 national and 200 overseas) which specialize in technology- and customer-research groups around the world. For example, Ricoh Innovations, a research subsidiary of Ricoh Company, operates in Silicon Valley, California, focusing on technology, cloud, mobile solutions, and customer research.

Products

A partial list of products marketed to the public under the Ricoh brand includes:

Digital cameras
Compact
Ricoh RDC-1 (1995, 0.41 mexapixel)
Ricoh RDC-2 (1996, 0.41 megapixel)
Ricoh Theta (360-degree compact - 14.5 megapixel)
Ricoh Caplio G3 (3.24-megapixel)
Ricoh Caplio G4 (3.24-megapixel)
Ricoh RDC-5300 (2.30-megapixel)
Ricoh Caplio Pro G3 GPS Camera, Network ready (3.24-megapixel)
Ricoh Caplio RX (3-megapixel)
Ricoh Caplio R1 (4-megapixel, also available as Rollei DR4)
Ricoh Caplio R1v (5-megapixel, also available as Rollei DR5)
Ricoh Caplio R2 (5-megapixel, larger screen, no viewfinder)
Ricoh Caplio R3 (5-megapixel, 28–200 equivalent zoom)
Ricoh Caplio R4 (6-megapixel, 28–200 equivalent zoom)
Ricoh Caplio R5 (7-megapixel, 28–200 equivalent zoom)
Ricoh Caplio R6 (7-megapixel, 28–200 equivalent zoom, larger screen, super slim)
Ricoh Caplio R7 (8-megapixel, 28–200 equivalent zoom)
Ricoh R8 (10-megapixel, 28–200 equivalent zoom)
Ricoh R10 (10-megapixel, 28-200 equivalent zoom)
Ricoh CX1 (9-megapixel, 28-200 equivalent zoom)
Ricoh CX2 (9-megapixel, 28-300 equivalent zoom)
Ricoh CX3 (10-megapixel, 28-300 equivalent zoom)
Ricoh CX4 (10-megapixel, 28-300 equivalent zoom)
Ricoh Caplio GX (5.1-megapixel, also available as Rollei DR5100)
Ricoh Caplio GX8 (8-megapixel) 28-85mm equivalent zoom with 22 mm optional adaptor
Ricoh Caplio GX100 (10-megapixel) 24-72mm equivalent wide zoom with 19 mm optional adaptor
Ricoh GX200 (12-megapixel) 24-72mm equivalent wide zoom with 19mm and 135mm optional converter lenses. Replaced the GX100.
Ricoh Caplio 400G Wide (3.2-megapixel)
Ricoh Caplio 500SE (8-megapixel, 28-85mm equivalent zoom with 22 mm optional adaptor, GPS-ready)
Ricoh WG-M1
Ricoh G700
Ricoh WG-4
Ricoh WG-20
Ricoh WG-30
Ricoh WG-30W
GR Digital
Ricoh GR Digital (8-megapixel) 28 mm equivalent prime lens with 21 mm optional adaptor
Ricoh GR Digital II (10-megapixel) 28 mm equivalent prime lens with 21 mm optional adaptor
Ricoh GR Digital III (10-megapixel) 28 mm equivalent prime lens with f/1.9 aperture
Ricoh GR Digital IV (10-megapixel) 28 mm equivalent prime lens with f/1.9 aperture
Ricoh GR (16-megapixel) 28 mm equivalent prime lens with f/2.8 aperture
GXR interchangeable sensor system
GPS and camera All-in-one
Film cameras
Ricoh 500 35mm rangefinder with rapid film advance and fast focusing
Ricoh 500G 35mm compact rangefinder
Ricoh Mirai (similar to the Olympus AZ-4 Zoom)
Ricoh Ricoh Singlex (Nikon F mount, made by Mamiya - same body as Nikkorex F, and Sears SLII)
Ricoh Ricoh Singlex TLS (M42 lens mount, same as Sears TLS)
Ricoh Ricoh Singlex II (M42 lens mount)
Golden Ricoh 16 subminiature camera.

Ricoh KR-5 (R-K mount)
Ricoh KR-5 Super (R-K mount)
Ricoh KR-5 Super II (R-K mount)
Ricoh KR-10 (R-K mount)
Ricoh KR-10 Super (R-K mount)
Ricoh KR-30SP (R-K mount)
Ricoh GR film cameras (GR1, GR1s and GR1V, GR10, GR21)
Ricoh XR-1 (Pentax K mount)
Ricoh XR-2 (Pentax K mount)
Ricoh XR-2s (Pentax K mount)
Ricoh XR7 (Pentax K mount)
Ricoh XR-500 (R-K mount)
Ricoh XR-10M (R-K mount)
Ricoh XR-M (R-K mount)
Ricoh XR-P (R-K mount)
Ricoh XR-S (R-K mount)
Ricoh XR-X (R-K mount)
Ricoh FF-9D
Ricoh RZ-800
Multifunction Products/Printers
Ricoh Aficio (Ricoh has used Aficio as a global brand since 1996.)
 Ricoh Aficio MP C 2500
Ricoh Pro
DocumentMall (SaaS document-management)
Software as a Service (SaaS) Defined
Secure Storage—HIPAA and Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Compliant
Document Management
Industry Solutions
Accounts Payable Solution
Software Solutions
Print&Share (output management and security)
Streamline NX (Print Management and document-capture)
GlobalScan (document-capture and distribution software)
Projectors
Mobile
PJ X2130
PJ WX2130
Desk-Edge and Short Throw
PJ X3340
PJ WX3340
PJ WX3340N
PJ X4240N
PJ WX4240N
PJ X3241
Ultra-short-throw Projectors
PJ WX4141
PJ WX4141N
PJ WX4141NI
Standard Installation
PJ WX5361N
PJ X537N
Conference Room
PJ WX6170N
PJ X6180N
Unified Communication Systems
P1000
P3000
P3500
Ricoh UCS App for tablet and smartphones
Interactive WhiteBoard
Ricoh InteractiveWhiteboard D5500
Ricoh Data Center Services

Sponsorships

Ricoh were shirt sponsors of Stoke City from 1981 to 1985.
Ricoh Arena, a football and rugby stadium complete with a concert hall and conference facilities, opened in Coventry, England in 2005, bearing the company's name due to a naming rights agreement. Renamed City of Coventry Stadium during the 2012 Summer Olympics due to strict sponsorship rules.
Ricoh Black Rams, a Japanese rugby union team owned by Ricoh.
In 2007, Ricoh acquired title sponsorship of the Women's British Open, one of then four major championships recognized by the world's dominant women's golf tour, the U.S. LPGA Tour.
In November 2008, Ricoh unveiled the first eco-friendly billboard in Times Square, NY—entirely powered by the sun and the wind.

See also

 Ricoh Theta a lineup of 360-degree cameras by Ricoh

References

External links

Ricoh official website
Ricoh Imaging official website

1940s initial public offerings
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Osaka Exchange
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange
Electronics companies of Japan
Photography companies of Japan
Defense companies of Japan
Electronics companies established in 1936
Japanese brands
Fuyo Group
Multinational companies headquartered in Japan
Accounting scandals
Scandals in India
Japanese companies established in 1936

Ricoh


An Isolated Danger Mark, as defined by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities, is a sea mark used in maritime pilotage to indicate a hazard to shipping such as a partially submerged rock.

It is recognisable by its black and red bands and top-mark of two black balls.

Its distinctive sequence of flashing white light consists of 2 quick flashes in intervals of either 5 or 10 seconds.

See also

 Navigation
 Lateral mark
 Cardinal mark
 Safe water mark
 Special mark
 Emergency wreck buoy

Footnotes

References

Buoyage

Isolated danger mark


Swarthmoor Hall is a mansion at Swarthmoor, in the Furness area of Cumbria, North West England. Furness was formerly part of Lancashire. The Hall was home to Thomas and Margaret Fell, the latter an important player in the founding of the Religious Society of Friends (Quaker) movement in the 17th century. It is designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building. It remains in use today as a Quaker retreat house.

History
Swarthmoor Hall was built by a lawyer named George Fell about 1568. It was inherited by his son Thomas, a lawyer and later a member of Parliament, Vice Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and an influential supporter of Parliament during the English Civil War. In 1634 Thomas married Margaret Askew and she moved into the Hall.

George Fox visited the Hall in 1652. Thomas Fell was travelling as a judge, but Fox had an audience with Margaret Fell, who became interested in his new doctrines. She arranged for him to preach in St Mary's Church in nearby Ulverston and at the Hall. During his time there, many people were convinced of the truth of his teachings.

When Thomas Fell returned home, he was persuaded by his wife and some others to listen to Fox, who successfully appealed to his pro-Parliamentary sentiments. Fell was never totally convinced by Fox's religious teachings, but he did allow his home to be used as a meeting house for the early Friends. Among those connected with the meeting were the missionary preachers Alice and Thomas Curwen, natives of nearby Baycliff, who were active in the Furness district, then in New England, Barbados and Nevis, and later in Huntingdonshire and other parts of England. The meeting continued to use the hall until 1691, when a meeting house was built nearby.

Thomas Fell died in 1658.  Eleven years later George Fox married the widowed Margaret Fell, and when not travelling, occasionally lived at Swarthmoor. Fox died in London in 1691 and Margaret died at the Hall in 1702.

Quaker functions
The London Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends purchased the Hall in 1951 for £9,000 and it still belongs to the Religious Society of Friends.

The annual Swarthmore Lecture is one of a series of lectures, started in 1908, addressed to the Britain Yearly Meeting of the Friends. The Quaker-founded Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania was named after Swarthmoor Hall. Swarthmoor is one of the four houses (Swarthmoor, Firbank, Pendle, Briggflatts) at the Quaker Bootham School, a boarding-school in York, and it was one of the three houses at Great Ayton Friends' School.

See also
 Mary Dyer

References

External links
Swarthmoor Hall Website
Visit Cumbria Website
The Cumbria Directory - Swarthmoor Hall
Quaker Info Website

Quakerism in the United Kingdom
Country houses in Cumbria
Furness
Quakerism in England

Swarthmoor Hall


Reinhold Otto Schultz (* 16. August 1858 in Großwanzleben; † 19. Januar 1933 in Leipzig) war ein deutscher Reichsgerichtsrat.

Leben
1880 wurde der Preuße Schultz vereidigt. 1892 wurde er Amtsrichter und 1899 Landrichter. 1900 ernannte man ihn zum Landgerichtsrat. 1904 wurde er zum Oberlandesgerichtsrat befördert. 1911 kam er an das Reichsgericht. Er war im II. Strafsenat tätig. Er trat 1926 in den Ruhestand. Er war der Vater des Musikwissenschaftlers Helmut Schultz.

Schriften
 Der Widerstand gegen die auswärtige Staatsgewalt. (Deutsches Strafgesetzbuch, Abschnitt VI.), Diss. Berlin 1881, Magdeburg 1881.

Literatur
 Adolf Lobe: Fünfzig Jahre Reichsgericht am 1. Oktober 1929, Berlin 1929, S. 377
 Wolfgang Hütt: Hintergrund: mit den Unzüchtigkeits- und Gotteslästerungsparagraphen des Strafgesetzbuches gegen Kunst und Künstler, 1900-1933, Henschelverlag, 1990, S. 405

Richter (Reichsgericht)
Deutscher
Geboren 1858
Gestorben 1933
Mann

Reinhold Schultz


Lula (sardisk: Lùvula) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Nuoro i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 521 meters højde og har 1.397 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 148,72 km² og grænser til kommunerne Bitti, Dorgali, Galtellì, Irgoli, Loculi, Lodè, Onanì, Orune og Siniscola.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Nuoro

Lula (Italien)


Gregory Dyke (born 20 May 1947) is a British media executive, football administrator, journalist, and broadcaster. Since the 1960s, Dyke has had a long career in the UK in print and then broadcast journalism. He is credited with introducing 'tabloid' television to British broadcasting, and reviving the ratings of TV-am. In the 1990s, he held chief executive positions at LWT Group, Pearson Television, and Channel 5.

He was the director-general of the BBC from January 2000 to January 2004; he resigned following heavy criticism of the BBC's news reporting process in the Hutton Inquiry.

Dyke was a director of Manchester United and chairman of Brentford football clubs, and from 2013 to 2016 was chairman of the Football Association. He was chancellor of the University of York from 2004 to 2015 and chairman of the British Film Institute between 2008 and 2016. He is currently the chairman of children's television company HiT Entertainment, and is a panellist on Sky News's The Pledge.

Since 2016, Dyke has been vice president for television of BAFTA. In 2018, Dyke became chairman of London Film School.

Early life and education

Dyke was born in 1947, in Hayes, Middlesex, the youngest of three sons in a "stable, lower middle class" family. His father was an insurance salesman. The family lived at 17 Cerne Close until he was 9, then moved to Cedars Drive, Hillingdon. He was educated at Yeading Primary School and then Hayes Grammar School, which he left with one grade "E" at A-level mathematics. After school he was briefly a trainee manager at Marks & Spencer before leaving to work as a trainee reporter for the Hillingdon Mirror, becoming chief reporter in eight months. He left the Mirror after attempting to stage a union-backed protest against poor pay conditions by the junior staff of the work on the paper. He then got a job at the Slough Evening Mail. Amongst his colleagues was future music journalist Colin Irwin.

He then went on to study for a degree at the University of York as a mature student, graduating in 1974 with a bachelor's degree in politics. During his time at York, Dyke was active in student politics, and was part of a collective that produced a psychedelic underground student magazine called Nouse. He also met and married his first wife, Christine Taylor, whilst at the university. His politics were more of a traditional Labour supporter than some of the more radical and dissentient students of his day.  His contemporaries and friends at York included future journalists Linda Grant and Peter Hitchens, the latter then active in the International Socialists. Dyke was awarded an honorary doctorate from the university in 1999 and was chancellor from 2004 to 2015.

Career

Break into television: LWT and TV-AM
After university, Dyke followed his first wife to Newcastle. He had become disillusioned with newspaper journalism, and tried for a job as a junior reporter at BBC Radio Teesside. He was unsuccessful, apparently because the interviewers felt no-one would understand his accent. Dyke instead found work covering rural affairs for the Newcastle Journal. He moved back to London with Christine in 1974 to become campaign officer for the Wandsworth Community Relations Council. He hated the job and left to campaign to be elected GLC councillor for Putney. Again he was unsuccessful.

He was given assistance getting a job at London Weekend Television (LWT) by fellow ex-Newcastle journalist Nicholas Evans, who was at the time working on Weekend World. Dyke got a junior position on LWT's local politics programme, in the current affairs department. His bosses there were John Birt and Peter Jay. He attracted attention for trying to give the programmes he worked on a more populist edge. This led to him being given the chance to launch a new early evening current affairs topical news programme. This became The Six O'Clock Show, fronted by Michael Aspel, with co-hosts Danny Baker and Janet Street-Porter. The show is seen by many as the first example of British tabloid TV.

After the success of The Six O' Clock Show, Dyke was brought in by Jonathan Aitken to become programme director at ailing station TV-am in April 1983. The station was doing very badly in the ratings compared to the BBC's popular Breakfast Time magazine style programme. He was instrumental in reviving the breakfast show's fortunes by introducing a new schedule based around popular features including bingo, celebrity gossip and horoscopes.

Dyke left TV-am, in May 1984 after Bruce Gyngell was brought in to enhance and improve the company to allow it to be financially viable. Ten days later, Michael Moor, the TV-am general manager, also left the station. In August 1984, Dyke became director of programmes at TVS.

In April 1987, Dyke moved from TVS to LWT again to be director of programmes, replacing John Birt, having originally worked at LWT in 1978. At the same time, he helped LWT re-sectioning the company in a bid to cut costs and overhaul the working practices within the company ahead of a new franchise period, which it won. Dyke was responsible for cancelling ITV's coverage of professional wrestling in 1988. In 1992 he was appointed the chairman of the ITV Council, and LWT chief executive.  In February 1993 he was appointed chairman of the GMTV board and tasked with overhauling the station format, which included "more popular journalism".  His role was primarily to bring new and imaginative ideas to the station without taking on full day-to-day running. In 1994, he made a fortune when Granada bought out LWT.

Pearson and Channel 5
Dyke became chairman and chief executive of Pearson Television in January 1995, and began expanding the company. His first acquisition was Grundy Television which helped build Pearson into the biggest non-US independent production company in the world.

At the end of October 1995 a consortium guided by Dyke was awarded the licence for Channel 5, and he became the first chairman of the new channel. He was appointed chairman of Channel 5 on 21 February 1997. Also in 1997 he was asked to review the Patients' Charter of the National Health Service.

At the BBC
In 2000, he took over from John Birt as director-general of the BBC. He was appointed despite Conservative protests that he had donated £50,000 to the Labour Party and was a 'crony'. At the beginning of his tenure, he famously promised to "cut the crap" at the corporation. The "crap" he referred to was the complex internal market Birt had introduced at the BBC which, it was argued, turned employees away from making programmes and into managers. Dyke reversed this trend – he reduced administration costs from 24% of total income to 15%. Unusually for a recent director-general, he had a good rapport with his employees and was popular with the majority of BBC staff, his management style being seen as more open and risk-taking than Birt's.

Jonathan Gifford, who worked for BBC Magazines in BBC Worldwide during the management of Birt and Dyke, observed "Dyke came across well. He was direct, sensible and approachable. His vision for the BBC was inspirational." Martin Montague, a producer on digital radio station BBC7 said "I know that people in local radio think he walks on water because of all that he's put into that."

Apart from restoring staff morale, Dyke laid claim to two major achievements during his office. In 2002, he introduced the Freeview terrestrial digital transmission platform with six additional BBC channels, and persuaded Sky TV to join the consortium. Previously this was an ITV subscription service that had closed with major losses, but by mid-2007 it could be seen by more than half the population. After leaving the BBC, he said that he always realised that the introduction of Freeview helped to prevent a subscription funding model for the BBC gain traction, because it is impossible for broadcasters to switch off the signal to individual Freeview boxes.

Dyke controversially described the corporation in early 2001 as "hideously white", based on statistics that showed the organisation's management structure was 98% white. Dyke said that "The figures we have at the moment suggest that quite a lot of people from different ethnic backgrounds that we do attract to the BBC leave. Maybe they don't feel at home, maybe they don't feel welcome." Dyke set a target that by 2003, 10% of the BBC's UK workforce and 4% of management would be from ethnic minority backgrounds. In September 2004, Dyke received an award for his remarks from Glasgow-based organisation Empower Scotland, which fights against workplace racism.

Dyke attracted criticism when he "forgot" to sell an equity stake in Granada Television, which presented a conflict of interest in his new position. He also caused controversy when he lost the rights to Premier League football to ITV, then accused the league of fixing the auction. Others were worried that the openness and high risk strategies of his management style could backfire on the corporation. An ITV executive was quoted as saying, "By being too radical and playing fast and loose with the public service remit, the BBC is inviting external regulation – and it deserves it."

In 2009, Dyke said the BBC was part of a "Westminster conspiracy" preventing the "radical changes" needed to UK democracy and that the separation between the "political class", including the BBC, and the public had never been greater. He said he had tried to raise the problem during his time in charge of the BBC but discussion had been blocked by a combination of the "politicos on the board of governors" of the BBC, the Labour cabinet and the political journalists at the BBC. He believed that these groups resist change as it is not in their interests.

Hutton Report and resignation from BBC

Dyke resigned from the BBC on 29 January 2004 along with Gavyn Davies and Andrew Gilligan, after the publication of the Hutton Report into the circumstances surrounding the death of David Kelly. Hutton described Dyke's approach to checking news stories as "defective"; when Alastair Campbell complained about the story, Dyke had immediately defended it without investigating whether there was any merit to the complaint.

In an email sent to all BBC staff just prior to his resignation Dyke wrote:

It was subsequently established that Dyke had offered his resignation to the BBC's Board of Governors while hoping that they would reject it. However, he was only able to secure the support of about one-third of the governors.

Some BBC staff felt that too much blame had been placed on their organisation in the wake of the David Kelly affair in the Hutton Report, and that the government was interfering in the BBC. Tim Gospill, spokesman for the National Union of Journalists said "Being independent doesn't just mean not having the government telling you what to do. It means you can criticise the government as well. I'm not at all sure the government understands that." Groups of staff staged walk outs from Broadcasting House and other BBC offices in Birmingham, Manchester, Newcastle, Glasgow, Cardiff and Derry, in protest at Dyke's resignation. In addition, on 31 January 2004, BBC staff paid for a full-page advert in The Daily Telegraph to express their "dismay" over Dyke's departure. The fundraisers hoped to raise £10,000, a lot less than the market rate for a full page advert in a broadsheet newspaper. Reportedly they raised less than this amount, but were offered a deal by the Telegraphs advertising department which allowed the advert to be printed. It was signed by around 4,000 BBC employees; 10,000 (around a third of total BBC staff at the time) submitted their names for publication, but there was not sufficient space to include them all.

The statement in the advertisement read:

Speaking on GMTV on 30 January, Dyke himself questioned the conclusions of the report, saying "We were shocked it was so black and white [...] We knew mistakes had been made but we didn't believe they were only by us." He also said Lord Hutton was "quite clearly wrong" on certain aspects of law relating to the case.

On 11 January 2007, the BBC published minutes of its post-Hutton board meetings. It was revealed that Dyke had said he had been "mistreated and wanted to be reinstated".

After the Hutton Inquiry
On 28 November 2003, Dyke was formally appointed by the University of York as its new chancellor, replacing Dame Janet Baker, who had served in the post since November 1991. There was some controversy regarding his appointment in the midst of the Iraq Dossier scandal. He officially took the post in August 2004. In this role, he is the honorary and ceremonial head of the university, as well as heading the University Development Board. He has also made a personal grant to the new Department of Theatre, Film and Television, to found the Greg Dyke Chair in Film and Television. On 6 February 2004, Dyke announced that he had signed a six-figure book contract with HarperCollins. The book, Inside Story, subsequently published in September 2004, goes into detail about Dyke's opinion on the relationship between the BBC and the British government, and of the Dr. David Kelly affair and Hutton Inquiry. In July 2004, Dyke was awarded honorary doctorates from the University of Sunderland, Middlesex University and in 2006 from The University of Bedfordshire. He was appointed chair of the British Film Institute on 15 February 2008, succeeding Anthony Minghella. On 10 March 2010, it was reported that he had been approached by Alexander Lebedev and his son Evgeny Lebedev to edit The Independent and The Independent on Sunday newspapers.

In the wake of the News of the World hacking affair, Dyke frequently appeared in the media to comment on events. In April 2011, he said "I don't think the News of the World is a great contribution to British journalism. [...] They had obviously being  playing fast and loose for a long time and are now getting their just deserts."

Football administration

Dyke has been a director of both Manchester United and Brentford football clubs, and was chairman of the FA from 2013 to 2016. He has said that he supported both clubs since he was a child, although his older brothers supported Tottenham. He became a fan of Brentford when his brother played for the club as a junior. Manager Bill Dodgin Sr. tried to sign his brother, but their father would not agree to him committing to what he saw as a badly paid and insecure career.

From 1997 to 1999, Dyke served as a non-executive director of Manchester United, and was the sole board member to oppose a takeover bid from BSkyB, which was subsequently rejected by the Monopolies and Mergers Commission. When he became director-general of the BBC he admitted a "potential conflict of interest" between his new post and his non-executive directorship at Manchester United plc. He resigned his position to avoid controversy. In a speech at the Manchester Evening News Business of the Year Awards, he said "it was seen as a conflict of interest to both buy and sell football rights. My kids have never forgiven me for joining the BBC because of that."

Dyke was the non-executive chairman of Brentford from 20 January 2006 until July 2013. He was appointed as part of the club takeover by Bees United, the Brentford Supporters Trust.

At Brentford, Dyke's focus was on budget constraints for the small club and the necessity to generate money from televised matches and other means. Under Dyke the club's performance was initially unsteady, with a few highlights but the club experiencing its worst run since the 1970s. On 28 January 2006, they beat Premier League strugglers Sunderland 2–1 in the fourth round of the FA Cup, but lost 3–1 to another Premier League club Charlton Athletic (of which former BBC chairman Michael Grade was non-executive director) in the fifth round.

The club finished third in the league that year and lost to Swansea City in the play-off semi-final. These initial slight successes preceded a spell of misfortune which saw Brentford lose 16 matches in a row and be relegated to Football League Two in 2007. Turnover of managers was fast, with Allen, Leroy Rosenior, Scott Fitzgerald, Alan Reeves, Barry Quin and Terry Butcher in the space of two years, before Butcher's assistant Andy Scott got the team back on track, winning the League Two title on 25 April 2009. However Scott could not continue the success and after a series of poor results he was sacked in February 2011. Dyke remained upbeat:

Dyke announced plans in 2010 for the club to move to a new ground, selling off the Griffin Park ground for residential housing to raise money. Dyke said: "Our aim is to move into a new stadium in Lionel Road and to move there as a club free of debt."

Dyke replaced David Bernstein as chairman of The Football Association in July 2013 after relinquishing his role as Brentford chairman and receiving approval from the FA council.

After Sepp Blatter's sudden departure at Fifa on 2 June 2015, when Blatter said he was resigning for honourable reasons and to allow Fifa to move on, Dyke said, "I don't believe a word of this. If he believes that, why not step down last week when we asked him to? He was cock-a-hoop when he won the election and terribly arrogant. Clearly there is a smoking gun. This is nothing to do with Mr Blatter being honourable; he hasn't been honourable for years".

He left the FA in 2016, deciding not to stand for re-election, as he struggled to reform the organisation. He was succeeded as chairman by Greg Clarke.

Comments on News of the World phone hacking scandal

Dyke appeared on BBC Two's Newsnight programme on 8 July 2011 alongside comedian Steve Coogan, where he confronted former News of the World deputy features editor Paul McMullen over his attitude to the events of the phone hacking scandal. Dyke told McMullen "You're [the tabloids] nothing to do with a free press, or a decent democracy". Distancing himself from McMullen he said "I've spent most of my life being a journalist, and I'm nothing to do with him, and neither are most other journalists." He continued "You could see there are occasionally, very occasionally, public interest cases but most of the time [it wouldn't make it less morally reprehensible]. These guys [tabloid journalists] just tapped anyone they could think of". He was also of the opinion that stronger independent regulation of the press was needed, saying that broadcast media had always been more strictly regulated.

On 11 July 2011, Dyke wrote in the Financial Times that "from the moment it was revealed that the News of the World had hacked into Milly Dowler's phone, Rupert Murdoch's bid to buy the 60.9% of British Sky Broadcasting that News Corp does not already own was all but over". He said, "for those of us who have been warning about the tactics used by the Murdoch operation for many years – Mr Murdoch once described me as 'an enemy' – the events of the past week have been sweet."

Politics
In his early years, Dyke was an active supporter of the Labour Party and in 1977, he attempted to win a seat on the Greater London Council (GLC) for Labour at Putney. Until 1999, he was considered "very much part of Tony Blair's New England", attending parties to celebrate Labour's 1997 election victory. In later years, he was a financial donor to the party, and was asked to write a report on the future of the NHS.

On 2 May 2005, prior to the general election, the former Labour supporter Dyke went public at a Liberal Democrats press conference and said that "Democracy was under threat if Labour was elected for a third term".

On 20 April 2009, it was announced that he was to lead a review of the UK's creative sector for the Conservative Party.

Personal life
Dyke has been married twice. He met his first wife Christine Taylor at the University of York; they were married for most of the 1970s. He lives in Hampshire, near Stockbridge, with his second wife, Susan Howes, a former sociology teacher and probation officer. Susan is now a trustee of Safe Ground, a charity which works with young offenders. They have four children. The Dykes also own a house on the west coast of County Cork, Ireland.

Honours

Scholastic
 University degrees

 Chancellor, visitor, governor, rector and fellowships

Honorary degrees
Honorary degrees

Memberships and fellowships

References

External links

 BBC apologises as Dyke quits from the BBC News
 Video of Installation of Greg Dyke as Chancellor of the University of York
 Video of York Student Television 2005 Greg Dyke Interview
 Greg Dyke debates Reality Television BAFTA Webcast, January 2008
 Picture of Greg Dyke at Haye County Grammar School, 1958

1947 births
Alumni of the University of York
BBC executives
English male journalists
Living people
Chancellors of the University of York
Brentford F.C. directors and chairmen
Manchester United F.C. directors and chairmen
Labour Party (UK) people
People from Hayes, Hillingdon
International Emmy Directorate Award
Sportspeople from Yorkshire
Labour Party (UK) politicians
Directors-General of the BBC

Greg Dyke


The docks and sorrels, genus Rumex, are a genus of about 200 species of annual, biennial, and perennial herbs in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae.
Members of this genus are very common perennial herbs with a native almost worldwide distribution, and introduced species growing in the few places where the genus is not native.

Some are nuisance weeds (and are sometimes called dockweed or dock weed), but some are grown for their edible leaves. Rumex species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species, and are the only host plants of Lycaena rubidus.

Description
They are erect plants, usually with long taproots. The fleshy to leathery leaves form a basal rosette at the root. The basal leaves may be different from those near the inflorescence. They may or may not have stipules. Minor leaf veins occur. The leaf blade margins are entire or crenate.

The usually inconspicuous flowers are carried above the leaves in clusters. The fertile flowers are mostly hermaphrodites, or they may be functionally male or female. The flowers and seeds grow on long clusters at the top of a stalk emerging from the basal rosette; in many species, the flowers are green, but in some (such as sheep's sorrel, Rumex acetosella) the flowers and their stems may be brick-red. Each seed is a three-sided achene, often with a round tubercle on one or all three sides.

Taxonomy
The genus was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Within the family Polygonaceae, it is placed in the subfamily Polygonoideae. The genus Emex was separated from Rumex by Francisco Campderá in 1819 on the basis that it was polygamous (i.e. had both bisexual and unisexual flowers on the same plant). However, some species of Rumex subg. Acetosa also have this characteristic, and most other features that are supposed to distinguish Emex are found in species of Rumex. Accordingly, in 2015, Schuster et al. demoted Emex to a subgenus of Rumex.

Within the subfamily Polygonoideae, Rumex is placed in the tribe Rumiceae, along with the two genera Oxyria and Rheum. It is most closely related to Rheum, which includes Rhubarb.

Species

, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species. A large number of hybrids are also recorded.

Rumex abyssinicus Jacq.
Rumex acetosa L. – sorrel, common sorrel, garden sorrel, narrow-leaved dock, spinach dock
Rumex acetosella L. – sheep's sorrel, common sheep sorrel, field sorrel, red sorrel
Rumex aegyptiacus L.
Rumex aeroplaniformis Eig
Rumex albescens Hillebr. – Oahu dock
Rumex alcockii Rech.f.
Rumex algeriensis Barratte & Murb.
Rumex alpinus L. – alpine dock, monk's rhubarb
Rumex altissimus Alph.Wood – pale dock, smooth dock, peach-leaf dock
Rumex alveolatus Losinsk.
Rumex amanus Rech.f.
Rumex amurensis F.Schmidt ex Maxim
Rumex andinus Rech.f.
Rumex angulatus Rech.f.
Rumex angustifolius Campd.
Rumex aquaticiformis Rech.f.
Rumex aquaticus L. – western dock, Scottish dock
Rumex aquitanicus Rech.f.
Rumex arcticus Trautv.
Rumex arcuatoramosus Rech.f.
Rumex argentinus Rech.f.
Rumex arifolius All.
Rumex aristidis Coss.
Rumex armenus K.Koch
Rumex atlanticus Coss. ex Batt.
Rumex aureostigmatica Kom.
Rumex azoricus Rech.f.
Rumex balcanicus Rech.f.
Rumex beringensis Jurtzev & V.V.Petrovsky – Bering Sea dock
Rumex bidens R.Br.
Rumex bipinnatus L.f.
Rumex bithynicus Rech.f.
Rumex brachypodus Rech.f.
Rumex brasiliensis Link
Rumex britannica L.
Rumex brownii Campd. – Browne's dock
Rumex bryhnii Snogerup
Rumex bucephalophorus L. – red dock
Rumex californicus Rech.f.
Rumex caucasicus Rech.f.
Rumex chalepensis Mill.

Rumex chrysocarpos Moris
Rumex confertus Willd. – Asiatic dock
Rumex conglomeratus Murray – clustered dock, sharp dock
Rumex cordatus Poir.
Rumex costaricensis Rech.f.
Rumex crassus Rech.f.
Rumex crispellus Rech.f.
Rumex crispissimus Kuntze
Rumex crispus L. – curled dock, curly dock, yellow dock, sour dock, narrow dock, garden patience, narrow-leaved dock
Rumex cristatus DC.
Rumex crystallinus Lange – shiny dock
Rumex cuneifolius Campd.
Rumex cyprius Murb.
Rumex darwinianus Rech.f.
Rumex densiflorus Osterh. – dense-flower dock, dense-flowered dock
Rumex dentatus L. – toothed dock
Rumex dregeanus Meisn.
Rumex drummondii Meisn.
Rumex dumosus A.Cunn. ex Meisn. – wiry dock
Rumex elbrusensis Boiss.
Rumex ellipticus Greene
Rumex ephedroides Bornm.
Rumex evenkiensis Elis.
Rumex fascicularis Small
Rumex fischeri Rchb.
Rumex flexicaulis Rech.f.
Rumex flexuosus Sol. ex G.Forst.
Rumex floridanus Meisn.
Rumex frutescens Thouars – wedgeleaf dock
Rumex fueginus Phil.
Rumex gangotrianus Aswal & S.K.Srivast.
Rumex garipensis Meisn.
Rumex giganteus W.T.Aiton – pawale
Rumex ginii Jahandiez & Maire
Rumex gmelinii Turcz. ex Ledeb.
Rumex gracilescens Rech.f.
Rumex graminifolius Georgi ex Lamb. – grassleaf sorrel
Rumex hastatulus Baldwin – heartwing dock, heartwing sorrel
Rumex hastatus D.Don
Rumex hesperius Greene
Rumex hultenii Tzvelev
Rumex hydrolapathum Huds. – great water dock
Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. – canaigre, canaigre dock
Rumex hypogaeus T.M.Schust. & Reveal
Rumex inconspicuus Rech.f.
Rumex induratus Boiss. & Reut.
Rumex intermedius DC.
Rumex jacutensis Kom.
Rumex japonicus Houtt.
Rumex kandavanicus (Rech.f.) Rech.f.
Rumex kerneri Borbás – Kerner's dock
Rumex komarovii Schischk. & Serg.
Rumex krausei Jurtzev & V.V.Petrovsky – Krause's sorrel
Rumex lacustris Greene
Rumex lanceolatus Thunb.
Rumex lapponicus (Hiitonen) Czernov
Rumex lativalvis Meisn.
Rumex leptocaulis Brandbyge & Rech.f.
Rumex limoniastrum Jaub. & Spach
Rumex longifolius DC. – dooryard dock, northern dock
Rumex lorentzianus Lindau
Rumex lunaria L.
Rumex madaio Makino
Rumex maderensis Lowe
Rumex magellanicus Campd.
Rumex maricola J.Rémy
Rumex maritimus L. – golden dock, bristle dock, seashore dock
Rumex marschallianus Rchb.
Rumex mexicanus Meisn.
Rumex microcarpus Campd.
Rumex nebroides Campd.

Rumex neglectus Kirk
Rumex nematopodus Rech.f. – Arizona dock
Rumex nepalensis Spreng.
Rumex nervosus Vahl
Rumex nivalis Hegetschw.
Rumex oblongifolius Tolm.
Rumex obovatus Danser – tropical dock
Rumex obtusifolius L. – broad-leaved dock, bitter dock, bluntleaf dock, butter dock
Rumex occidentalis S.Watson
Rumex occultans Sam.
Rumex olympicus Boiss.
Rumex orbiculatus A.Gray – great water dock
Rumex orthoneurus Rech.f. – Chiricahua mountain dock
Rumex pallidus Bigelow – seaside dock
Rumex palustris Sm. – marsh dock
Rumex papilio Coss. & Balansa
Rumex papillaris Boiss. & Reut.
Rumex paraguayensis D.Parodi – Paraguayan dock
Rumex patagonicus Rech.f.
Rumex patientia L. – patience dock, garden patience, monk's rhubarb
Rumex paucifolius Nutt. – alpine sheep's sorrel, few-leaved dock, meadow dock
Rumex paulsenianus Rech.f.
Rumex persicarioides L.
Rumex peruanus Rech.f.
Rumex pictus Forssk.
Rumex polycarpus Rech.f.
Rumex ponticus E.H.L.Krause
Rumex popovii Pachom.
Rumex praecox Rydb.
Rumex pseudonatronatus (Borbás) Murb. – field dock
Rumex pseudoxyria (Tolm.) Khokhr.
Rumex pulcher L. – fiddle dock
Rumex punjabensis K.M.Vaid & H.B.Naithani
Rumex pycnanthus Rech.f.
Rumex rectinervius Rech.f.
Rumex rhodesius Rech.f.
Rumex romassa Remy
Rumex roseus L.
Rumex rossicus Murb.
Rumex rugosus Campd.
Rumex rupestris Le Gall – shore dock
Rumex ruwenzoriensis Chiov.
Rumex sagittatus Thunb.
Rumex salicifolius Weinm. – willow dock, willow-leaved dock
Rumex sanguineus L. – wood dock, redvein dock
Rumex scutatus L. – French sorrel, leaf-shield sorrel
Rumex sellowianus Rech.f.
Rumex sibiricus Hultén – Siberian dock
Rumex similans Rech.f.
Rumex simpliciflorus Murb.
Rumex skottsbergii O.Deg. & I.Deg. – lava dock
Rumex songaricus Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
Rumex spathulatus Thunb.
Rumex spinosus L.
Rumex spiralis Small – winged dock
Rumex stenoglottis Rech.f.
Rumex stenophyllus Ledeb.
Rumex subarcticus Lepage
Rumex suffruticosus J.Gay ex Meisn.
Rumex tenax Rech.f.
Rumex thjanschanicus Losinsk.
Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh.
Rumex thyrsoides Desf.
Rumex tmoleus Boiss.
Rumex tolimensis Wedd.
Rumex transitorius Rech.f.
Rumex triangulivalvis (Danser) Rech.f.
Rumex trisetifer Stokes
Rumex tuberosus L.
Rumex tunetanus Barratte & Murb.
Rumex turcomanicus (Rech.f.) Czerep.
Rumex ucranicus Fisch. ex Spreng.
Rumex ujskensis Rech.f.
Rumex uruguayensis Rech.f.
Rumex usambarensis (Engl.) Dammer
Rumex utahensis Rech.f.
Rumex venosus Pursh – veiny dock, sand dock
Rumex verticillatus L. – swamp dock, water dock
Rumex vesicarius L. – bladder dock
Rumex violascens Rech.f. – violet dock
Rumex woodii N.E.Br.
Rumex yungningensis Sam.

Uses

These plants have many uses. Broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) used to be called butter dock because its large leaves were used to wrap and conserve butter.

Rumex hymenosepalus has been cultivated in the Southwestern US as a source of tannin (roots contain up to 25%), for use in leather tanning, while leaves and stems are used for a mordant-free mustard-colored dye.

These plants are edible. The leaves of most species contain oxalic acid and tannin, and many have astringent and slightly purgative qualities. Some species with particularly high levels of oxalic acid are called sorrels (including sheep's sorrel Rumex acetosella, common sorrel Rumex acetosa, and French sorrel Rumex scutatus), and some of these are grown as leaf vegetables or garden herbs for their acidic taste.

In the United Kingdom, Rumex obtusifolius is often found growing near stinging nettles, owing to both species favouring a similar environment, and there is a widely held belief that the underside of the dock leaf, squeezed to extract a little juice, can be rubbed on the skin to counteract the itching caused by brushing against a nettle plant. This home remedy is not supported by any science, although it is possible that the act of rubbing may act as a distracting counterstimulation, or that belief in the dock's effect may provide a placebo effect.

In traditional Austrian medicine, R. alpinus leaves and roots have been used internally for treatment of viral infections.

Rumex nepalensis is also has a variety of medicinal uses in the Greater Himalayas, including Sikkim in Northeastern India.

Fossil record
Several fossil fruits of Rumex sp. have been described from middle Miocene strata of the Fasterholt area near Silkeborg in Central Jutland, Denmark.
 One fossil fruit of a Rumex species has been extracted from a borehole sample of the Middle Miocene fresh water deposits in Nowy Sacz Basin, West Carpathians, Poland. This fossil fruit is similar to the fruits of the extant species Rumex maritimus and Rumex ucranicus which both have fossil records from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Europe.

Nutrition

Nutrition information is shown in the infobox on the right.

See also
 Antipruritic

References

External links

Rumex acetosella; Missouri Botanical Garden's efloras.org.
Edibility of Dock: Identification and edible parts of Rumex spp.
Video:- Dock (Rumex) As Wild Edible Food Part 1 | Frank Cook

Polygonaceae genera
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Taxa described in 1753

Rumex


Badstuegade 1H er en fredet bygning i Aarhus, Danmark. Den blev opført i 1809 og blev fredet i 1970. Bygningen ligger i Latinerkvarteret på Badstuegade ud til Pustervig Torv.

Historie
Bygningen blev opført af købmanden Harboe Meulengracht i 1809 som et pakhus til at opbevarer importerede varer, og det er i dag et af eneste bevarede pakhuse ud mod denne gade. I 1816 byggede han en tilstødende villa, der lå ud mod Lille Torv og de to bygninger danner en baggråd. Pakhuset blev fredet i 1970, og det blev renoveret i 1977. Facaden ud mod gårdpladsen blev ved denne lejlighed bragt tilbage til sit oprindelige udseende.

I 1998 solgte Aarhus Kommune bygningen til Skumhuset, der brugte den som værksted til madrasser og hynder til møbler. I 2016 flyttede firmaet til
Risskov og pakhuset blev renoveret for at gøre plads til nye lejere.

Arkitektur
Meulengrachts pakhus er et af de få eksempler på Ludvig 16.-stil. Det er en gul-pudset bygning med rokoko- og barokarkitektoniske træk. Pakhuset blev renoveret i 1977, hvor man også nedrev en gammel bygning i gården bagved, for at gøre pakhuset synligt fra alle sider. Det oprindelige træskelet blev erstattet med betonsøjler og de eksisterende vinduer blev erstattet med træplader med små åbninger.

Se også
 Fredede bygninger i Aarhus Kommune

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fredede bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Aarhus

Badstuegade 1H


Pamela es una farsa per musica en un acto con música de Giuseppe Farinelli y libreto en italiano de Gaetano Rossi, basado en la comedia goldoniana Pamela Maritata, la cual a su vez se inspiraba en la novela homónima (Pamela o la virtud recompensada) del escritor inglés Samuel Richardson. Se estrenó el 22 de septiembre de 1802 en el Teatro San Luca de Venecia.

La farsa, en tiempos modernos, fue representada por vez primera (y grabada) el 29 de diciembre de 1993 en el Teatro Comunale Treviso bajo la dirección de Peter Maag.

Enlaces externos

Óperas de Giuseppe Farinelli
Óperas en italiano
Óperas de 1802
Óperas estrenadas en Venecia

Pamela (Farinelli)


Hans Thiel (* 27. Oktober 1919 in Hamburg; † 10. Oktober 2017 in Frankfurt am Main) war ein deutscher Pädagoge, Schulleiter, Germanist, Autor und Mäzen.

Leben
Hans Thiel lernte seine spätere Ehefrau Anneliese (geborene Jüngst, 1920–2008) bereits während seiner Schulzeit kennen. Er traf sie als Obersekundaner in der Jahrgangsstufe 11 auf dem Neroberg in Wiesbaden. Beide schlossen ihr Abitur erfolgreich ab.

Hans Thiel hatte danach zunächst seinen Dienst beim Reichsarbeitsdienst abzuleisten. Anschließend wurde er zur Wehrmacht eingezogen. Als am 1. September 1939 mit dem Überfall auf Polen der Zweite Weltkrieg begann, wurde er gleich an seinem ersten Einsatztag so schwer verwundet, dass er vom aktiven Dienst in der Wehrmacht freigestellt wurde. Der behandelnde Arzt teilte ihm mit, Thiel müsse davon ausgehen, durch die Folgen der Verwundung nur etwa vierzig Jahre alt zu werden. Durch die Freistellung vom Dienst in der Wehrmacht konnte er gemeinsam mit seiner Freundin Anneliese an der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität in Freiburg im Breisgau u. a. Germanistik studieren. Beide heirateten noch während ihres Studiums im Jahr 1943.

Thiel promovierte in Freiburg und hatte nach dem Krieg eine Stelle als wissenschaftlicher Assistent am Deutschen Institut der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. 1950 nahm er in Frankfurt am Main, wie seine Ehefrau, die an der dortigen Helmholtzschule tätig war, eine Stelle als Gymnasiallehrer an. Von 1944 bis 1956 galt er von Amts wegen als tot, weil die Erkennungsmarke eines Gefallenen falsch entziffert wurde. Als ihm dies 1956 bekannt wurde, beantragte Thiel die Löschung seiner Sterbeurkunde.

Während seiner Zeit an Frankfurts Musterschule beschäftigte er sich als Autor und Herausgeber damit, Schulbücher für den Deutschunterricht zu publizieren. Sein acht Ausgaben umfassende Unsere Muttersprache war drei Jahrzehnte lang das prägende Sprachbuch seiner Zeit. Als Fachleiter am Studienseminar für Gymnasien in Offenbach am Main bildete er mehr als 80  Referendare im Fach  Deutsch  aus. Von 1970 bis 1985 war er Direktor der Frankfurter Helmholtzschule. Während dieser Schaffensphase erschien auf seine Initiative hin ab 1970 die Fachzeitschrift Diskussion Deutsch. Er gehörte der Arbeitsgruppe an, welche die Grundlagen für den Kursstrukturplan Deutsch des Landes Hessen von 1983 entwickelte.

Im Jahr 1980, noch während seiner aktiven Zeit als Direktor der Helmholtzschule, wurde Thiel Ehrenmitglied des 1925 gegründeten Vereins ehemaliger Helmholtzschüler (VEH), an dessen Arbeit er bis 2016 aktiv mitgewirkt hat. So erschien von ihm eine Reihe dokumentarischer Porträts ehemaliger Schüler und Lehrer, auch über die von den Nationalsozialisten verfolgten und getöteten jüdischen Schüler und Lehrer der Schule. Mit vielen Ehemaligen nahm er Kontinente übergreifend Kontakt auf, oft nach aufwendiger Recherche über deren Verbleib. Außerdem veröffentlichte er mit dem Verein eine Dokumentation zur Geschichte der Schule sowie eine weitere über die des Vereins.

1989 stiftete das Ehepaar den Anneliese und Hans Thiel-Fonds für Friedensarbeit, der für Schüler der Helmholtzschule bereitgestellt wurde, die sich in diesem Sinn engagiert haben. Die Idee dazu geht auf Anneliese Thiel zurück. Nach zehnjähriger Tätigkeit spendete der Fonds sein bis dahin aufgelaufenes Vermögen für eine im November 1999 angebrachte Bronzetafel, die auf die Verfolgung jüdischer Schüler und Lehrer während der Zeit des Dritten Reiches hinweist. Sie wurde im Beisein von Salomon Korn, einem ehemaligen Helmholtzschüler, dem Vorsitzenden der jüdischen Gemeinde Frankfurts und Vizepräsident des Zentralrates der Juden in Deutschland, eingeweiht.

Weitere Aktivitäten Thiels führten ihn u. a. nach Israel und in die USA, um deutsche jüdische Emigranten zu besuchen. Die dort geführten Gespräche führten zu weiteren historischen Dokumentationen, so über die Samson-Raphael-Hirsch-Schule in Frankfurt am Main.

Aus der Ehe von Anneliese und Hans Thiel gingen zwei Kinder hervor, Wolfgang (* 1949) und Ursula (* 1951), die ebenfalls Lehrer geworden sind. Hans Thiel verstarb im Alter von 97 Jahren, kurz vor Vollendung seines 98. Lebensjahres.

Engagements
 Seit 1980: Ehrenvorsitz des Vereins ehemaliger Helmholtzschüler (VEH), Frankfurt am Main
 Von 1989 bis 1999: Anneliese und Hans Thiel-Fonds für Friedensarbeit, für Schüler der Helmholtzschule, Frankfurt am Main
 Kommission zur Erforschung der Geschichte der Frankfurter Juden
 Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Langenhain
 Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Langenhain im Taunus

Werke (Auswahl)
 Hans Thiel: Der Wortschatz der Mundart von Ahrensbök. Dissertation, Philosophische Fakultät der Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 1945.
 Hans Thiel, Ernst Zickel (Bearb.): Sprachdenkmäler des Mittelalters. Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterverzeichnis. In: Die Silberfracht. Hirschgraben-Verlag. Frankfurt am Main 1958
 Hans Thiel: Der Lektürekanon der gymnasialen Oberstufe des Landes Hessen: Ergebnisse einer statistischen Erhebung. Klett Verlag. Stuttgart 1965
 Hans Thiel, Willi Hopff (Hrsg. + geschr.): Diktate und Stilproben aus Schrifttum und Gebrauchsprosa der Gegenwart: Für den Schulgebrauch. Diesterweg. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, München 1967.
 Hans Thiel, Anne Becker (Hrsg. + gesammelt): Der Lacher: Heitere und satirische Kurzgeschichten deutscher Autoren der Gegenwart. Diesterweg. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, München 1968.
 Hans Thiel, Willi Hopff, Wilhelm Reininghaus: Diktate aus dem deutschen Schrifttum: Eine Sammlung kurzer Texte für Rechtschreib-, Aufsatz- u. Stilübungen. Diesterweg. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, München 1969.
 Hans Thiel (Red.): Handreichungen zum Bildungsplan für das Fach Deutsch. Hessisches Institut für Lehrerfortbildung. Fuldatal 1969.
 Hans Thiel (Hrsg.): Reflexion über Sprache: herkömmliche und neue Methoden der Sprachbeschreibung; Deutsch, neue u. alte Sprachen. Hessisches Institut für Lehrerfortbildung. Fuldatal 1971.
 Hans Thiel (Hrsg.): Reflexion über Sprache im Deutschunterricht: Beispiele für die Sekundarstufe (Klasse 5–13). Diesterweg. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, München 1972. ISBN 3-425-01625-3.
 Hans Thiel, Hubert Ivo, Valentin Merkelbach (Hrsg.): Methoden der Literaturanalyse im 20. Jahrhundert – Texte und Materialien zum Literaturunterricht – Ein Arbeitsbuch. Verlag Moritz Diesterweg. Frankfurt am Main 1975. ISBN 3-4250-6209-3.
 Hans Thiel (Hrsg.): Deutschunterricht im Kurssystem : Anregungen für d. Praxis d. neugestalteten gymnasialen Oberstufe. Diesterweg. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, München 1976. ISBN 3-425-01629-6.
 Hans Thiel (Hrsg.): Alles ging so glatt: eine Sammlung deutscher Kurzgeschichten seit 1950; für obere Klassen und Kurse. Diesterweg. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, München 1977. ISBN 3-425-06416-9.
 Hans Thiel (Hrsg.) Fritz Pratz: Blaue Segel : Lyrik u. Balladen für d. 5. bis 10. Schuljahr. Diesterweg. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, München 1979. ISBN 3-425-06010-4.
 Hans Thiel (Hrsg.): Deutschunterricht in Jahrgangsstufe 11: exemplarische Kurse mit ausgewählten Texten. Diesterweg. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, München 1980. ISBN 3-425-01630-X.
 Hans Thiel (Hrsg. + Bearb.): Kurze Geschichten zum Nacherzählen und für andere sprachliche Übungen. Diesterweg. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, München 1980. ISBN 3-425-06417-7
 Verein ehemaliger Helmholtzschüler (Hrsg.), Hans Thiel: Ehemalige der Helmholtzschule. Lehrer und Schüler in Kurzportraits. Frankfurt am Main 1988.Zweite Folge: Frankfurt am Main 1990.Dritte Folge:. Frankfurt am Main 1995.Vierte Folge: Frankfurt am Main 2002.Fünfte Folge: Frankfurt am Main 2008.
 Verein ehemaliger Helmholtzschüler (Hrsg.), Hans Thiel: Die jüdischen Lehrer und Schüler der Frankfurter Helmholtzschule 1912–1936. Frankfurt am Main 1990.
 Hans Thiel: Erich Klibansky – Germanist und Direktor der Jawne (1900-1942). In: Diskussion Deutsch, 23 (1992) 127, S. 493–503,
 Verein ehemaliger Helmholtzschüler (Hrsg.), Hans Thiel: Geschichte des Vereins ehemaliger Helmholtzschüler. Frankfurt am Main 1993.
 Hans Thiel: "Juden in Langenhain. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des hessischen Landjudentums". Nassauische Annalen. Band 108. 1997
 Verein ehemaliger Helmholtzschüler (Hrsg.), Hans Thiel: Geschichte der Helmholtzschule. Eine Chronik mit 90 Abbildungen. Frankfurt am Main 2000.
 Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Langenhain (Hrsg.), Hans Thiel (Bearb.): Geschichte der Langenhainer Kirche. Evang. Kirchengemeinde Langenhain 2000.
 Kommission zur Erforschung der Geschichte der Frankfurter Juden (Hrsg.), Hans Thiel (Bearb.): Die Samson-Raphael-Hirsch-Schule in Frankfurt am Main: Dokumente – Erinnerungen – Analysen. Waldemar Kramer Verlag. Frankfurt am Main 2001. ISBN 3-7829-0515-6.
 Verein ehemaliger Helmholtzschüler (Hrsg.), Hans Thiel: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Helmholtzschule. Frankfurt am Main 2005.

Einzelnachweise

Pädagoge (20. Jahrhundert)
Autor
Germanist
Schulleiter (Frankfurt am Main)
Mäzen
Deutscher
Geboren 1919
Gestorben 2017
Mann

Hans Thiel


Madame sans Gene er en film instrueret af Viggo Larsen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1909
Stumfilm fra Danmark

Madame sans Gene


Tivoligarden spiller er en dokumentarfilm fra 1954 instrueret af Astrid Henning-Jensen, Bjarne Henning-Jensen efter manuskript af Astrid Henning-Jensen, Bjarne Henning-Jensen.

Handling
Tivoligarden marcherer gennem Københavns gader. Filmen er tænkt anvendt som en festlig optakt og afrunding af et børnefilmprogram.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1954
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film omhandlende København i 1900-tallet

Tivoligarden spiller


Væk fra vinduet er en dansk kortfilm fra 2014 instrueret af Emma Kolle og Viola Hjorth efter deres manuskript.

Handling
Filmen handler om en vinduespudser, der gennem sit job udlever sin passion for vindueskiggeri. På en helt almindelig arbejdsdag går det galt. Han overværer et skænderi, og pludselig bliver han indblandet i en konflikt, der får skæbnesvangre følger.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Filmskolefilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2014

Væk fra vinduet


Carinatae é um grupo que compreende as aves atuais e seus parentes extintos que possuem uma quilha, ou uma carena, no lado inferior do esterno, que é usada como âncora para os músculos de voo. Os membros do grupo são, por vezes, denominados de carinatas.

Classificação

Definição
Tradicionalmente, os Carinatae eram definidos como todas as aves cujo esterno (osso do peito) tem uma quilha (carina). A quilha é uma forte crista mediana que desce ao longo do esterno. Esta é uma área importante para a fixação dos músculos de voo. Assim, todos os pássaros voadores têm uma quilha pronunciada. As ratitas, todos os quais não voam, carecem de uma quilha forte. Assim, as aves vivas foram divididas em carinatas (quilhadas) e ratitas (de ratis, "jangada", referindo-se ao achatamento do esterno). A dificuldade com esse esquema filogenético era que algumas aves que não voam, sem quilhas fortes, descendem diretamente de aves voadoras comuns que possuem uma. Exemplos incluem o cácapo, um papagaio que não voa, e o dodô, um columbiforme (a família dos pombos). Nenhuma dessas aves é uma ratita. Assim, esta característica supostamente distintiva era fácil de usar, mas não tinha nada a ver com a relação filogenética real.

A partir da década de 1980, Carinatae recebeu várias definições filogenéticas. O primeiro foi como um clado baseado em nó unindo Ichthyornis com as aves modernas. No entanto, em muitas análises, essa definição seria sinônimo do nome Ornithurae mais amplamente utilizado. Uma definição alternativa foi fornecida em 2001, nomeando Carinatae um clado baseado em apomorfia definido pela presença de um esterno em quilha.

O parente de ave conhecido mais primitivo com esterno em quilha é o Confuciusornis. Enquanto alguns espécimes desta ave-tronco têm esterno plano, alguns mostram uma pequena crista que poderia ter sustentado uma quilha cartilaginosa.

Ornithurae
Aves

Carinatae


Thaden er en kommune og en by i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Mittelholstein i den sydlige del af Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde. Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde ligger i den centrale del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Ud over Thaden finder man bebyggelserne Batz, Jarsdorf, Katzheide og Osterholzteich i kommunen. Thaden ligger omkring 25 km sydøst for Heide. Nord og vest for kommunen løber Kielerkanalen, omkring 11 km mod syd Bundesstraße 430 fra Neumünster mod Meldorf og omkring 12 km mod sydvest Bundesautobahn 23 fra Hamborg mod Heide.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens side på amtets websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde

Thaden


Altınordu Futbol Kulübü ya da kısaca Altınordu, İzmir merkezli Türk futbol kulübü. 26 Aralık 1923 tarihinde kurulan kulübün renkleri kırmızı ve lacivert renklerinden oluşur. A.Ş. statüsündeki kulübün çoğunluk hissesi Seyit Mehmet Özkan'a ait olup kulüp şu anda 2. Lig'de mücadele etmektedir.

Süper Lig'in kurulduğu ilk sezonda yer alan 16 takımdan bir tanesidir. Kulüp daha önce İzmir Futbol Ligi'nde 6 defa şampiyon oldu. Ayrıca 2012-13 sezonunda 3. Lig'de, 2013-14 sezonunda ise 2. Lig'de şampiyonluğa ulaştı.

Tarihçe

Kuruluşu
Altınordu, 26 Aralık 1923 tarihinde 11 kişi tarafından İzmir'de kuruldu. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulduktan kısa bir süre sonra Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı nedeniyle kulüp bünyesinde ara verilen sportif faaliyetler tekrar başladı. İzmir'de 1912 yılında Karşıyaka ve 1914 yılında ise Altay'ın yanı sıra Eşrefpaşa'da Altınay, Mısırlı Caddesi'nde de Sakarya kulüpleri bulunmaktaydı. Basmane, Tilkilik ve Namazgâh semtlerinde bir kulübün olmaması nedeniyle, semtte yaşayan Mustafa (Balöz), Hüseyin (Yurdakul) ve Mehmet Hancıoğlu'nun girişimleri ve semtte yaşayan Doktor Hacı Hasanzade Ethem Bey tarafından bölgede de bir spor kulübü kurulması fikri diğer büyüklere anlatıldı. Kulübün kurulması fikri üzerinde herkesin uzlaşması üzerine konu Süleyman Ferit Bey'e anlatıldı. Süleyman Ferit Bey, Tilkilik, Hatuniye, Namazgah ve İkiçeşmelik semtlerinde oturan insanları iyi tanıyordu ve içlerinde Kuvâ-yi Milliye yıllarında birlikte görev yaptığı insanlarda vardı. Sonrasında Vilayet Mektubî Kalemi'nden cemiyet nizamnamesi örneğini temin ederek kulübün kurulması için çalışmaları başlattı.

Daha sonra kulübün isminin belirlenmesi için hemen her gün tartışmalar yapıldı. O dönemde ülkede kazanılan savaşlardan sonra cumhuriyetin kurulması ile birlikte kulübün ismininde buna uygun olması kararı alındı. Bu doğrultuda önerilen ilk isimler Zafer, Hilal ve Kurtuluş oldu. Yapılan her toplantıda yeni isimler önerilmeye devam ediliyordu. Önerilen isimlerden Göktürk ve Sakatürk diğerlerine göre ağırlık kazanmaya başlamıştı. Muallim Mehmet Rıza Bey, Göktürk ismi üzerinde duruyordu. Toplantıyı idare eden Süleyman Ferit Bey ise bir Türk İmparatorluğu olan Altınordu'yu kulübün adı olması için teklif etti. Bu teklif diğer kişiler tarafından da kabul edildi ve kulübün ismi Altınordu oldu. Süleyman Ferit Bey ise Altınordu'nun kurucu başkanı ve isim babası oldu.

İstanbul'da da aynı ismi taşıyan bir kulüp daha vardı. Bu durum Vali Yardımcısı Murat Bey'e bildirildi ve bir sorun olmayacağı anlaşılarak kulübün ismi tescil ettirildi. Altınordu Futbol Kulübü, resmî olarak 26 Aralık 1923 tarihinde kuruldu. Altınordu, tarihindeki ilk resmî maçını Altay takımı ile oynadı. Kulübün kuruluşunun hemen sonrasında Şifa Eczanesi Kupası adı altında organize edilen bu maçı Altınordu 2-1 kazandı.

Kulübün temsil renkleri kırmızı ve laciverttir. Bu renklerden kırmızı kanı, lacivert ise çeliği temsil eder. Kulübün kurucuları şunlardır:

Lig mücadeleleri
Kulüp daha önce İzmir Futbol Ligi'ni 6 kez şampiyon olarak tamamladı. 1927, 1932 ve 1935 yıllarında Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası ikincisi oldu. 1959 yılında ulusal bir organizasyon olan Millî Lig'e İzmir'den katılan Altınordu, ilk iki sezonda baraj maçları sonucunda küme düşmekten kurtuldu. 1961-62 sezonunda ligi 8. sırada bitirdi. 1964-1965 sezonu sonunda ligi 24 puanla son sırada tamamlayan kulüp bu sonuçla birlikte küme düştü. 1965-66 sezonunda 2. Lig'de Kırmızı Grubu 31 puanla ilk sırada tamamlayan Altınordu, bu sonuçla birlikte yükselme grubunda mücadele etme hakkı kazandı. Yükselme grubunu ise Eskişehirspor'un ardından 21 puanla 2. sırada tamamlayan Altınordu bir sezon sonra tekrar 1. Lig'e dönmeyi başardı. 1. Lig'de 1969-70 sezonuna kadar mücadele eden kulüp, aynı sezonda ligi 17 puanla sonuncu sırada tamamlayarak küme düştü. 1977-78 sezonunda 2. Lig'de sezonu 23 puanla son sırada tamamlayan Altınordu, Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu tarafından; İzmir'de İskenderunspor ile oynanan ve 8-1 Altınordu'nun galibiyeti ile sonuçlanan maçta şike yapıldığı kararına vararak, Altınordu takımıyla birlikte ligi 6. sırada tamamlayan İskenderunspor'u küme düşürdü. Bir sonraki sezon 3. Lig'de grubunu 28 puanla 2. sırada tamamladı ve yeniden 2. Lig'e yükseldi. 2. Lig'de aralıksız 13 sezon boyunca mücadele eden Altınordu, 1991-1992 sezonunda ligi 33 puanla 16. sırada bitirerek 3. Lig'e, 1995-1996'da ise 3. Lig'de mücadele ettiği 7. Grubu sonuncu bitirerek Amatör Küme'ye düştü.

2002-2003 sezonunda yeniden 3. Lig'e yükseldi. 2007-2008 sezonunda 3. Lig'de play-off serisinde Belediye Bingölspor ve Keçiörengücü takımlarını geride bırakarak 2. Lig'e terfi etti. 2008-2009 sezonunda 2. Lig'de mücadele eden ve 9 takımlı 2. Klasman Grubu'nu 7. sırada tamamlayan Altınordu yeniden 3. Lig'e düştü. 2010-2011 sezonunda 3. Lig'de grubunu 5. sırada bitirdi ve play-off oynamaya hak kazandı. Play-off serisinde Afyonkarahisarspor ve Darıca Gençlerbirliği takımlarını mağlup ederek yeniden 2. Lig'e terfi etti. 2011-2012 sezonu sonunda ligi 38 puanla 15. sırada tamamlayarak tekrar 3. Lig'e düştü. 2012-13 sezonunda 3. Lig 3. Grup'ta sezonu 76 puanla şampiyon olarak tamamlayan Altınordu tekrar 2. Lig'e yükseldi. 2013-14 sezonunda ise 2. Lig Kırmızı Grup'ta sezonu 81 puanla şampiyon olarak tamamlayan takım, 1. Lig'e terfi etti. Altınordu, 22 yıl aradan sonra mücadele ettiği PTT 1. Lig'deki ilk sezonunda bir hayli başarılı bir performans sergiledi. Son 10 maçta 9 galibiyet, 1 beraberlik alan kırmızı-lacivertliler, ligi Samsunspor'un hemen arkasında ve play-off barajının bir basamak altında 7. sırada tamamladı.

Altınordu 2020-21 sezonunda Hüseyin Eroğlu yönetiminde ligde oynadığı 34 maç sonunda 17 galibiyet 9 beraberlik ve 8 mağlubiyetle 60 puan toplayarak ligi 6. olarak tamamladı ve play-off oynamaya hak kazandı. Play-off yarı finalinde Samsunspor'u 2 maçta aldığı 1-0 ve 2-2'lik sonuçlarla finalde Altay'ın rakibi oldu. Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadyumu'nda oynanan final maçında 1-0'lık mağlup olması sonucunda Süper Lig şansını kaybetti. 2020-21 Türkiye Kupası 5. Turunda Konyaspor'a 3-1 kaybederek kupadan elendi.

Basketbol takımı

Altınordu, uzun yıllar İzmir'in basketboldaki en başarılı kulübü olarak temayüz ettiği gibi Türkiye Basketbol Ligi'nin organize edilmeye başlandığı ilk sezonda ligin ilk şampiyonu Altınordu oldu.

1972 yılına kadar orta sıralarda mücadele eden Altınordu, 1972-73 sezonunda son sırada kalarak küme düştü ve bir daha liglere dönemedi. Altınordu'nun altın çağından sonra İzmir basketbolunun bayrağını 1974-75 sezonundan itibaren Karşıyaka devraldı ve 1986-87 sezonunda (1967'de Altınordu'nun yaptığı gibi) Galatasaray'ı geride bırakarak şampiyonluğu 20 yıl sonra İzmir'e taşımayı başardı.

Kadın Voleybol Takımı
Altınordu (kadın voleybol takımı), 2021-22 sezonunda Altekma takımıyla işbirliğine gittikten sonra 2022-23 sezonu öncesi Altekma kadın şubesinde ki tüm sporcular ve teknik kadro Altınordu bünyesine geçmesi sonrası kulüp altyapı ve Türkiye Kadınlar İkinci Voleybol Ligi'nde mücadele edecektir.

Takım kadrosu

Lig mücadeleleri
 Süper Lig: 10 sezon
1959-1965, 1966-1970

 1. Lig: 31 sezon
1965-1966, 1970-1978, 1979-1992, 2014-2023

 2. Lig: 4 sezon
2008-2009, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2023-

 3. Lig: 13 sezon
1978-1979, 1992-1996, 2003-2008, 2009-2011, 2012-2013

 Amatör Lig: 7 sezon
1996-2003

Başarıları
 Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası
 İkincilik (3): 1927, 1932, 1935

 İzmir Futbol Ligi
 Şampiyonluk (6): 1926-27, 1931-32, 1934-35, 1935-36, 1939-40, 1944-45

 1. Lig
 Şampiyonluk (1): 1965-1966

 2. Lig
 Şampiyonluk (1): 2013-14

 3. Lig
 Şampiyonluk (1): 2012-13

Play Off Şampiyonluğu (1): 2010-2011

 Şahsi başarıları:
 Gol kralları: 2013-14 Gökhan Karadeniz - 27 gol

Ayrıca Bakınız
Altınordu Futbol Kampları

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 TFF sayfasında Altınordu SK

İzmir'deki spor kulüpleri
Türkiye'deki futbol kulüpleri
1923'te Türkiye'de kurulan oluşumlar
1923'te kurulan futbol kulüpleri

Altınordu FK


Alex & Emma is a 2003 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Rob Reiner and starring Kate Hudson and Luke Wilson. Written by Jeremy Leven, the film is about a writer who must publish a novel in thirty days or face the wrath of loan sharks.

Plot
Alex Sheldon, a struggling writer, has writer's block and is heavily in debt. His publisher will not give him the money for his pending novel until it is finished. Alex must repay US$100,000 to the Cuban mafia and is given a 30-day ultimatum to pay the money he owes or they will kill him. And the only solution to this big problem is to finish his novel. Or rather, to start it, since he has not written one single line. But he has an idea for the story: A comedy about "the powerlessness of being in love, how love devours the insides of a person like a deadly virus".

He decides to hire the services of Emma Dinsmore, a stubborn stenographer, for her help to write the novel. The novel tells the story of Adam Shipley, a writer who has been hired to tutor the children of an attractive French woman. She is going through bad economic times, and Adam falls in love, despite the failed temptations of the au pair.

As Alex dictates his novel to Emma, the movie cuts away to scenes from the novel, where Adam interacts with a series of nannies, and falls for the last one. As they work together, Emma begins to question his ideas. It starts to affect his life as well as his work. They soon fall for each other.

Alas, after finishing the book, Emma discovers that the French woman in the story was based on a real person, a former girlfriend of Alex. His ex just broke up with her latest boyfriend, sitting with him in a café she invites him to a charity ball. Alex soon realizes that the person he really wants to be with is Emma.

After the book is done and handed in to his publisher he pays off his debt. Then, after much prodding, he convinces Emma to rewrite the ending of the book in which Alex has changed. He shows her he wants her to be an important part of his life. Emma loves it, Alex professes his love to her, and they kiss.

Cast

Production
Developed under the working title, Loosely Based on a True Love Story, the film is loosely based on a true love story of author Fyodor Dostoevsky, who dictated his 1866 novel, The Gambler in 30 days in order to pay off a gambling debt and, in the process, fell in love with his young stenographer.

The film was modeled after the 1964 Audrey Hepburn film, Paris When It Sizzles.

Reception

Alex & Emma was a flop, grossing $15 million at the box office, against a $30 million production budget.

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an 11% approval rating based on 141 reviews, with an average rating of 3.80/10. The site's critical consensus states: "A dull and unfunny comedy where the leads fail to generate any sparks." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 32 out of 100, based on 35 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B-" on an A+ to F scale.

Todd McCarthy of Variety called it "A desperately slight romantic comedy marked by contrived romance and little comedy."
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times observed that the fictional novel within the film was "complete crap" and was critical of the film but said it was not as bad as Reiner's "The Story of Us".

Peter Travers of Rolling Stone was positive about the cast and wrote: "Reiner gets lucky with his two stars. Wilson has charm to spare, and Hudson brings humor and sexiness to playing Emma and four au pair girls from different countries. But even they can't float a balloon with lead in it." Desson Thomson of The Washington Post wrote: "The inside story is weak, dull and head-poundingly boring, and the outside story is only slightly better, thanks to the lukewarm likability of its two stars."

References

External links
 Official Site

 Official Facebook Fans page

2003 films
2003 romantic comedy films
American romantic comedy films
Fictional couples
Films directed by Rob Reiner
Films about writers
Films produced by Elie Samaha
Films scored by Marc Shaiman
Franchise Pictures films
Castle Rock Entertainment films
Warner Bros. films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
English-language romantic comedy films

Alex & Emma


MIG, MiG eller Mig har flere betydninger:
 det meget almindelige danske ord mig
 MIG - engelsk forkortelse af Metal Inert Gas - se MIG-svejsning.
 MiG - forkortelse af Mikojan-Gurevitj nu Mikojan militærflydesignbureau for en masse kendte russiske fly - fx Mikojan-Gurevitj MiG-21.

MIG


18605 Jacqueslaskar este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
18605 Jacqueslaskar este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Caussols, în cadrul proiectului ODAS. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,74 ua, o excentricitate de 0,03 și o înclinație de 3,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 18001-19000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1998
Centura de asteroizi

18605 Jacqueslaskar


Krassyliw (ukrainisch ; russisch /, polnisch Krasiłów) ist eine Stadt in der Ukraine etwa 27 Kilometer nördlich der Oblasthauptstadt Chmelnyzkyj am Fluss Slutsch gelegen.

Der Ort wurde 1444 zum ersten Mal schriftlich erwähnt und lag zunächst in Polen in der Woiwodschaft Kiew. 1795 kam der Ort zu Russland und lag administrativ im Gouvernement Wolhynien.
1957 erhielt die Krassyliw den Status einer Siedlung städtischen Typs verliehen, 1964 bekam der Ort dann auch das Stadtrecht zugesprochen und war bis Juli 2020 das Verwaltungszentrum des Rajons Krassyliw.

Östlich des Ortes verläuft die eingleisige Bahnstrecke Kelmenzi–Kalinkawitschy.

Verwaltungsgliederung
Am 10. August 2017 wurde die Stadt zum Zentrum der neugegründeten Stadtgemeinde Krassyliw (Красилівська міська громада/Krassyliwska miska hromada). Zu dieser zählten auch die 8 Dörfer Druschne, Dubyschtsche, Kultschyny, Kultschynky, Nowodubyschtsche, Sastawky, Tschepeliwka und Wolyzja, bis dahin bildete sie die gleichnamige Stadtratsgemeinde Krassyliw (Красилівська міська рада/Krassyliwska miska rada) im Südosten des Rajons Krassyliw.

Am 16. Dezember 2018 kamen noch die 6 Dörfer Dubyna, Montschynzi, Monky, Pylypy, Sorokoduby und Tscherneliwka zum Gemeindegebiet, am 16. Dezember 2019 das Dorf Lahodynzi und am 12. Juni 2020 noch die 15 weitere in der untenstehenden Tabelle aufgelistete Dörfer zum Gemeindegebiet

Am 17. Juli 2020 kam es im Zuge einer großen Rajonsreform zum Anschluss des Rajonsgebietes an den Rajon Chmelnyzkyj.

Folgende Orte sind neben dem Hauptort Krassyliw Teil der Gemeinde:

Weblinks

 website

Einzelnachweise

Ort in der Oblast Chmelnyzkyj
Ersterwähnung 1444
Ort am Slutsch
Rajon Chmelnyzkyj

Krassyliw


Der Gerichtsbezirk Judenburg ist ein dem Bezirksgericht Judenburg unterstehender Gerichtsbezirk im Bundesland Steiermark.

Geschichte
Der Gerichtsbezirk Judenburg wurde durch eine 1849 beschlossene Kundmachung der Landes-Gerichts-Einführungs-Kommission geschaffen und umfasste ursprünglich die 25 Gemeinden Allersdorf, Feistritz, Feistritzgraben, Fisching, Fohnsdorf, Frauendorf, Judenburg, Kumpitz, Möschitzgraben, Murdorf, Oberweg, Pichl, Pichlhofen, Pöls, Reifling, Reißstraße, Rothenthurm, Scheiben, Schoberegg, St. Georgen, St. Peter, Unzmarkt, Waltersdorf, Weißkirchen und Wöll.

Der Gerichtsbezirk Judenburg bildete im Zuge der Trennung der politischen von der judikativen Verwaltung
ab 1868 gemeinsam mit den Gerichtsbezirken Knittelfeld, Obdach und Oberzeiring den Bezirk Judenburg.

1874 wurde durch die Abtrennung der Katastralgemeinden Zeltweg und Farrach von der Gemeinde Fohnsdorf die Gemeinde Zeltweg gebildet. Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg kamen zum Gerichtsbezirk Judenburg die Gemeinden Granitzen, Kienberg, Lavantegg, Obdach, Obdachegg, Prethal und Schwarzenbach hinzu, die per 1. Juni 1923 vom aufgelösten Gerichtsbezirk Obdach übernommen wurden.

Durch Gemeindezusammenlegungen reduzierte sich die Zahl der Gemeinden im Gerichtsbezirk Judenburg bis in die Mitte der 1970er Jahre auf die 17 Gemeinden Amering, Eppenstein, Fohnsdorf, Judenburg, Maria Buch-Feistritz, Obdach, Oberweg, Pöls, Reifling, Reisstraße, St. Anna am Lavantegg, St. Georgen ob Judenburg, St. Peter ob Judenburg, St. Wolfgang-Kienberg, Unzmarkt-Frauenburg, Weißkirchen in Steiermark und Zeltweg.

Nachdem die Bundesregierung per Verordnung die Auflösung des Gerichtsbezirks Oberzeiring beschlossen hatte, wurde per 1. Oktober 1976 der Gerichtsbezirk Judenburg auf den gesamten politischen Bezirk Judenburg ausgedehnt. Der Gerichtsbezirk Judenburg übernahm dadurch die Gemeinden Bretstein, Hohentauern, Oberkurzheim, Oberzeiring, Pusterwald, St. Johann am Tauern und St. Oswald-Möderbrugg vom Gerichtsbezirk Oberzeiring.

Am 1. Juli 2013 wurde der Gerichtsbezirk Knittelfeld aufgelöst und die Gemeinden wurden Judenburg zugewiesen.

Mit Wirkung ab 1. Jänner 2015 wurde der Gerichtsbezirk aufgrund der Veränderungen im Rahmen der Gemeindestrukturreform in der Steiermark in der "Bezirksgerichte-Verordnung Steiermark 2015" neu definiert.

Gerichtssprengel
Seit Jänner 2015 ist der Gerichtssprengel durch das Gebiet folgender 20 Gemeinden definiert: Fohnsdorf, Gaal, Großlobming, Hohentauern, Knittelfeld, Kobenz, Judenburg, Obdach, Pöls-Oberkurzheim, Pölstal, Pusterwald, Sankt Georgen ob Judenburg, Sankt Marein-Feistritz, Sankt Margarethen bei Knittelfeld, Sankt Peter ob Judenburg, Seckau, Spielberg, Unzmarkt-Frauenburg, Weißkirchen in Steiermark, Zeltweg.

Er ist somit mit dem Bezirk Murtal deckungsgleich.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften: Historisches Ortslexikon. Statistische Dokumentation zur Bevölkerungs- und Siedlungsgeschichte. Steiermark. 1. Teil. Graz (Stadt), Bruck an der Mur, Deutschlandsberg, Feldbach, Fürstenfeld, Graz-Umgebung, Hartberg, Judenburg, Knittelfeld. Datenbestand: 30. Juni 2011 (PDF; 1,0 MB)

Weblinks

 Gerichtssuche in der Gerichtsdatenbank des Bundesministeriums für Justiz

Bezirk Murtal
Judenburg
Judenburg

Gerichtsbezirk Judenburg


An Oryzopsis micrantha in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl Bernhard von Trinius ngan Franz Josef Ivanovich Ruprecht, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni George Thurber. An Oryzopsis micrantha in nahilalakip ha genus nga Oryzopsis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Oryzopsis

Oryzopsis micrantha


Maori I New Zealand er en film instrueret af Irma Clausen.

Handling
En antropologisk beskrivelse af et naturfolk i New Zealand, deres stillingtagen til den hvide mand og den deraf følgende militante verdensanskuelse - en konsekvens af strukturomvæltningerne, der fulgte efter overenskomsten med det britiske kongehus.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1989

New Zealand
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Maori I New Zealand


En håndtaske er en mindre taske med håndtag, der normalt bruges af kvinder til at opbevare personlige genstande i. De kan være fremstillet i en lang række materialer som stof, læder, skind, plast, gummi eller metal og med pynt i form af print, perler og palietter, vævemønstre og lignende. Særligt fornemme håndtasker kan være dekoreret med ædelsten eller ædelmetal. De har ofte en lukning med lynlås, knapper eller lignende. Håndtasker kan bestå af ét stort rum eller være opdelt i et eller flere inden i, og de kan også have lommer på ydersiden.

Håndtasker bliver ofte designet af store designhuse og modeskabere, og bliver markedsført som en vigtig del af kvinders påklædning som modeaccessories. Som resultat heraf kan specielle håndtasker, der kun er fremstillet i ét eller ganske få eksemplarer blive solgt for meget store beløb. Således blev verdens dyreste håndtaske solgt på en auktion hos Christie's i Hong Kong i maj 2017 til $377.000. Tasken var fremstillet af det franske modehus Hermès i krokodilleskind og med 245 diamanter på.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Tasker

Håndtaske


سيموني فيرجاسولا  (مواليد 24 يناير 1976 في لا سبيتسيا - إيطاليا) لاعب كرة قدم إيطالي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى سيينا الإيطالي منذ 2003 في مركز الوسط المدافع كما يجيد اللعب في مركزي الوسط المحوري والوسط الأيسر . .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم من لا سبيتسيا
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من لا سبيتسيا
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو تورينو
لاعبو سامبدوريا
لاعبو سيينا
لاعبو كارسو كالتشيو
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم من ليغوريا
مواليد 1976
مواليد في لا سبيتسيا
رياضيون من لا سبيتسيا

سيموني فيرجاسولا


El Metro de Nizhni Nóvgorod (en ruso: Нижегородский метрополитен) es el sistema de metro que da servicio a la ciudad de Nizhni Nóvgorod, Rusia y fue inaugurado en 1985. Se extiende a lo largo de 21,6 km de largo y cuenta con 15 estaciones repartidas entre las dos líneas que componen la red. Ambas tienen parada en la Estación de Nizhni Nóvgorod-Moskovski, la estación de ferrocarril principal de la ciudad. Además, es una estación de intercambio con un cercanías y NCD. Tiene el mayor número de estaciones después del metro de Moscú y San Petersburgo.

Historia

La historia del Metro de Nizhni Nóvgorod (Conocido en la época soviética como Metro de Gorki) empezó en octubre de 1973, cuando los diseñadores del metro comenzaron los bocetos de desarrollo en el Instituto de Moscú Metrogiprotrans.

La construcción comenzó el 17 de diciembre de 1977. En este día, se obligó a poner el primer pilote a la estación base Leninskaya. En septiembre de 1978, se comenzó en la estación Leninskaya los primeros trabajos de excavación de túneles. 13 de julio de 1984, durante la construcción de la estación Moskovskaya, las paredes se derrumbó. Dos trabajadores de la brigada de estudiantes, que ayudaron con la construcción del metro, murieron. Hay una leyenda asociada con este evento, como si los fantasmas de los estudiantes muertos todavía están caminando a través de túneles y estaciones de metro.

En el complejo de partida de la sección primera de la primera fase incluía una línea con una longitud de 7.8 kilómetros con seis estaciones, cocheras y el Cuerpo de Ingenieros. La apertura tuvo lugar el 19 de noviembre de 1985. En 1987, se abrieron otras dos estaciones - Avtozavodskaya y Komsomolskaya, y en 1989 - Kirovskaya y Park Kultury. En octubre de 1990 el Metro de Gorki fue renombrada en Nizhni Nóvgorod. El 20 de diciembre de 1993, dos nuevas estaciones del Metro de Nizhni Nóvgorod se abrieron - Kanavinskaya y Burnakovskaya en la nueva Línea 2 de Sormovsko-Mescherskaya. El 9 de septiembre de 2002, se abrió la 13.ª estación de Burevestnik de la Línea 2.

22 de septiembre de 2012 por primera vez Metro de Nizhni Nóvgorod estaba completamente cerrado. Esto se debió a los trabajos de conmutación de potencia al nuevo sistema de control de la estación en construcción. El 4 de noviembre de 2012, se abrió la estación de Gorkovskaya de la Línea 1 (Avtozavoskaya) en la Ciudad Alta.

El 30 de abril de 2018, la estación de Strelka de la Línea 2 está programada para abrir. La estación recibió su nombre de Strelka, la confluencia de los ríos Oka y Volga. El 1 de marzo de 2022 comenzó la construcción de dos estaciones en la Ciudad Alta de la Línea 1: Plóshchad Svobody y Sennaya.

Cronología de las secciones de apertura

 20 de noviembre de 1985: Moskovskaya - Proletarskaya
 8 de agosto de 1987: Proletarskaya - Komsomolskaya
 15 de noviembre de 1989: Komsomolskaya - Park Kultury
 20 de diciembre de 1993: Moskovskaya - Burnakovskaya
 9 de septiembre de 2002: Burnakovskaya - Burevestnik
 4 de noviembre de 2012: Moskovskaya - Gorkovskaya
 12 de junio de 2018: Moskovskaya - Strelka

Líneas

El sistema

Hay 15 estaciones en el metro de Nizhny Novgorod. De estas, 14 estaciones de metro y 1 estación terrestre. También hay una estación fantasma de Yármarka, cuya construcción fue abandonada a favor de la estación de Strelka.

Las estaciones están situadas en dos líneas con una única estación de intercambio - Moskovskaya con un intercambio de la cruz-plataforma. Después de la construcción de la Línea 3 (Nagornaya), aparecerán otras dos estaciones de intercambio: Operny teatr y Olgino.

En la Línea 1, se organiza el tráfico a la derecha, en la Línea 2 - tráfico a la izquierda. Este método de movimiento se debe a la ramificación de los raíles en la estación Moskovskaya, debido a la falta de un túnel de longitud completa de la Línea 2.

Línea 1

También se llama Avtozavódskaya. Esta línea que transcurre entre las estaciones de Párk Kultúry y Górkovskaya fue inaugurada en 1985. Tiene una estación de intercambio Moskóvskaya en la Línea 2. Se conecta la Ciudad Inferior y Alta Ciudad a través de un puente de metro.

Línea fue diseñada en 1980. En la época soviética, esta línea llamada Avtozavodsko-Meshcherskaya. La línea iba a durar hasta el microdistrito residencial cerca del lago Meshchersky.

Línea 2

También se llama Sórmovskaya. Esta línea que transcurre entre las estaciones de Burevéstnik y Strélka fue inaugurada en 1993. La construcción de la línea fue detenida varias veces debido a la crisis en Rusia. Después de la Copa del Mundo, se ha previsto extender la línea hasta la estación Volga en Meshchera y la estación de Varia en Sormovo. También está previsto completar la estación fantasma de Yármarka.

En enero de 1981, la línea tenía el nombre del proyecto - Sormovsko-Nagornaya. Tenía que conectar la Ciudad Inferior y la Ciudad Alta.

Véase también

Anexos al artículo
 Anexo: Sistemas de metro
 Cercanías Nizhni Nóvgorod
 Metro de Moscú
 Metro de San Petersburgo

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Metro de Nizhny Novgorod en Urbanrail.net (en inglés)
 Metro de Nizhny Novgorod en Metroworld
 Metro de Nizhny Novgorod en Metrowalks
 Nizhny Novgorod Metro

Nizhny Novgorod

Metro de Nizhni Nóvgorod


José María Robles Fraga (Bogotá, 10 de abril de 1956) es un diplomático español. Ha sido embajador de España en la Federación de Rusia (2001-2004); Pakistán (2005-2008) y Lituania (2018-2022). Desde septiembre de 2022 es Ministro Consejero encargado de los asuntos culturales y científicos en la Embajada de España en Londres.

Formación e inicios
Nació el 10 de abril de 1956 en Bogotá (Colombia), donde su padre había sido destinado a la Embajada de España. Es hijo del también diplomático Carlos Robles Piquer, hermano del diplomático Carlos Robles Fraga, y sobrino del político Manuel Fraga Iribarne.

Comienza su andadura política en plena transición política, ingresando en 1976 en la Agrupación Socialista Universitaria (PSOE) de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, de la que formó parte hasta 1979. Obtiene su licenciatura en Derecho en 1978.

Ingresa en la carrera diplomática en 1982, siendo destinado ese mismo año a Tegucigalpa (Honduras) como Secretario de Embajada.

En 1984 regresa a Madrid para convertirse en el jefe de gabinete del Presidente del Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana.

En 1987 es destinado a París como Cónsul General Adjunto.

Carrera política
En 1990, ingresa en el recién refundado Partido Popular, y en el 1992 vuelve a España para convertirse en asesor internacional del entonces Presidente del Partido, José María Aznar. En las elecciones generales de 1993 es elegido Diputado por Córdoba en el Congreso de los Diputados, siendo reelegido en 1996 y en 2000. En 1993 es también nombrado Secretario de Relaciones Internacionales del Partido Popular y miembro del Comité Ejecutivo Nacional.

En 1996 es nombrado Secretario General de la Fundación Popular Iberoamericana, una de las varias instituciones que luego se consolidarían en FAES.

Actividad parlamentaria
Desde la oposición y como miembro de la Comisión de Asuntos Exteriores, en 1995 hizo una proposición de ley que condenaba la apología del genocidio y otros delitos de apología, aprobada por 281 votos a favor e incluida en el Código Penal.

En 1999 representó al Partido Popular en un férreo debate en el Congreso de los Diputados con motivo del 60 aniversario del exilio español tras la guerra civil española. La proposición no de ley del Partido Popular fue derrotada for una proposición opuesta apoyada por todos los otros grupos parlamentarios, incluidos los aliados del PP en el Congreso, PNV y CiU, (ya que en esa época el Partido Popular carecía de mayoría absoluta). En su intervención, Robles Fraga preguntó a la cámara: ¿cómo se puede resumir la historia de España hablando del golpe fascista militar contra la legalidad republicana como única causa del enfrentamiento civil?

También en 1999 estuvo plenamente involucrado en el debate en las Cortes sobre la extradición de Augusto Pinochet que pedía el Gobierno de España y el juez Baltasar Garzón, calificando de "lamentables e irritantes" los comentarios de la ex-primera ministra Margaret Thatcher que pedían su liberación y retorno a Chile.

En el año 2000 es nombrado Portavoz del Partido Popular en la Comisión de Asuntos Exteriores del Congreso de los Diputados, y Presidente de la Delegación Española en la Asamblea Parlamentaria de la OTAN.

También destaca su participación en nombre del Partido Popular en el debate parlamentario sobre la controvertida llegada del submarino británico HMS Tireless al puerto de Gibraltar, que generó fuerte tensión diplomática entre España y Reino Unido.

Carrera diplomática
En 2001, renuncia a sus cargos parlamentarios y políticos al ser nombrado Embajador en la Federación de Rusia, con acreditación en Georgia, Turkmenistán, Bielorrusia, Uzbekistán y Armenia, puesto que ejerce hasta el cambio de gobierno producido tras las Elecciones generales de 2004. Como Embajador en Rusia abre la sede del Instituto Cervantes en Moscú en 2002.

En 2005, es nombrado Embajador en la República Islámica de Pakistán, donde permanece hasta el 2009.
Una de sus primeras tareas en Islamabad es la coordinación del envío de tropas españolas a Pakistán tras el terremoto de Cachemira de 2005 para operaciones de rescate y ayuda humanitaria.

De 2018 fue Embajador en Lituania y desde septiembre de 2022 está destinado a la Embajada de España en Londres como Ministro Consejero encargado de los asuntos culturales y científicos.

Sector privado
De 2009 a 2018 fue director de Relaciones Internacionales del Grupo Santander.

Publicaciones
 Mercosur y la Unión Europea - Política Exterior (Vol. 11, No. 60, Nov - Dec 1997)
 El Papel de las Regiones en la Unión Europea, con Vicente Martínez-Pujalte y Guillermo Martínez Casañ - (Fundación Bancaixa, 1998)
 El rompecabezas Af-Pak: la necesidad de una nueva estrategia europea con una reflexión sobre el papel de España - Real Instituto Elcano (ARI 136, Sep 2009)
 Año decisivo para Af-Pak - Política Exterior (Vol. 24, No. 133, enero-febrero de 2010)
 El escenario Af-Pak - Panorama Estratégico 2009-2010 (IEEE, marzo de 2010)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Ficha del Congreso de los Diputados
 Intervención sobre apología de genocidio
 Entrevista EFE

Nacidos en Bogotá
Políticos del Partido Popular
Diputados por la provincia de Córdoba
Diputados de la V Legislatura de España
Diputados de la VI Legislatura de España
Diputados de la VII Legislatura de España
Diplomáticos de España
Embajadores de España en Pakistán
Embajadores de España en Rusia
Embajadores de España en Lituania

José María Robles Fraga


أقيمت بطولة أمم أوروبا لكرة القدم للسيدات 1987 في النرويج وقد حقق لقبها منتخب النرويج للمرة الأولى في تاريخه.

التصفيات التمهدية
إنظر المقال الرئيسي: تصفيات بطولة أمم أوروبا لكرة القدم للسيدات 1987

نصف النهائي

تحديد المركز الثالث

النهائي

البطل

روابط خارجية
 Results at UEFA.com

مراجع

النرويج في 1987
أحداث يونيو 1987 الرياضية في أوروبا
الرياضة في درامن
الرياضة في موس (النرويج)
بطولات بطولة أمم أوروبا للسيدات
بطولة أمم أوروبا للسيدات
أوسلو في عقد 1980
كرة القدم الأوروبية في 1986–87
كرة القدم الإنجليزية في 1986-87
كرة القدم الإيطالية في 1986-87
كرة القدم السويدية في 1987
كرة القدم للسيدات في 1987
كرة قدم نرويجية نسائية في 1987
مسابقات كرة قدم نسائية دولية تستضيفها النرويج
منافسات رياضية دولية في أوسلو

بطولة أمم أوروبا للسيدات 1987