USS O'Hare (DD/DDR-889) was a   of the United States Navy, named for Lieutenant Commander Edward "Butch" O'Hare, Medal of Honor recipient, who was shot down at Tarawa on 27 November 1943.

O'Hare was laid down at the Consolidated Steel Corporation at Orange, Texas on 27 January 1945; launched on 22 June 1945, sponsored by Mrs. Selma O'Hare, the mother of Lieutenant Commander O'Hare, and commissioned on 29 November 1945.

Service history

1946–1963
In February 1946, following shakedown, O'Hare became an active unit of the Navy. After spending 1946 in operations ranging from New Brunswick down to the Florida Keys, she embarked her first group of midshipmen for a cruise to Latin America during the summer of 1947. Departing Norfolk, Virginia, early in May 1948 she sailed to the Mediterranean temporarily serving under the United Nations' flag as an evacuation ship off Haifa, Israel, from 24 June through July, during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Several goodwill visits took place before departure for home in September at the conclusion of this first deployment with the Sixth Fleet.

Eight additional such tours of duty, prior to the end of 1962, permitted ship's company to gain a great deal of familiarity with the area. Midshipman cruises and NATO maneuvers added new vistas and dimensions to her training exercises as did several rescue operations. Twice in 1952 this destroyer received commendations for her efforts after ships had collided at sea, while in 1957 and again in 1961 aviators from the carriers  and  respectively were plucked from the sea. Meanwhile, to update and increase her value to the Navy, O'Hare was converted during 1953 to a radar picket ship (DDR-889) and in 1958 received installation of the electronic data system. The next major modification, in 1963, a FRAM Mk I overhaul, restored her original designation.

1963–1973
The increasing tempo and scope of the Vietnam War brought O'Hare an assignment to WestPac duty. Steaming from Norfolk, on 1 June 1966, she assumed station as a gun support ship along the coast of Vietnam on 15 July, firing missions in all four Corps areas in the South. O'Hare served as plane guard for aircraft carriers on "Yankee Station" in the Gulf of Tonkin, participated in "Sea Dragon" operations, patrolled on search and rescue duties off  North Vietnam. O'Hare returned home on 17 December via the Suez Canal, completing a circumnavigation of the world. In March 1968, along with  from Mayport, O'Hare deployed to the Indian Ocean via Africa and made 17 port calls in the Middle East. In January 1969 with Destroyer Squadron 32 (DesRon 32) she again deployed to the Mediterranean.

O'Hare deployed to Vietnam on 1 December 1972, remaining on gunfire support duty there until the cease fire of March 1973. She then became the last U.S. Navy ship based on the United States East Coast to circumnavigate the world after a Vietnam deployment during her return to the United States. She became a "blue-nosed" ship during the voyage when she crossed the Arctic Circle on 17 September 1972, and passed through the Panama Canal on 6 December 1972.

O'Hare was decommissioned on 31 October 1973, and transferred on loan to the Spanish Navy. The ship was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 2 June 1975.

Méndez Núñez (D-63)

O'Hare was sold outright to Spain on 17 May 1978. In the Spanish Navy, she served as Méndez Núñez (D-63), in honor of Vice Admiral Casto Méndez Núñez (1824–1869), and was the third ship in Spanish navy with this name.

Méndez Núñez was stricken and scrapped in 1992.

References

External links

  USS O'Hare veterans' website

Gearing-class destroyers of the United States Navy
Ships built in Orange, Texas
1945 ships
World War II destroyers of the United States
Cold War destroyers of the United States
Vietnam War destroyers of the United States
Gearing-class destroyers of the Spanish Navy

USS O'Hare


Allium bucharicum, es una especie de planta bulbosa del género Allium, perteneciente a la familia de las amarilidáceas, del orden de las Asparagales. Se distribuye por el centro de Asia.

Descripción
Allium bucharicum es una planta perenne que alcanza un tamaño de 20 a 30 cm de altura. Las hojas son de color verde y fragantes y las flores de color rosa.

Taxonomía

Allium bucharicum fue descrita por  Regel y publicado en Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 8: 660, en el año 1884.
Etimología
Allium: nombre genérico muy antiguo. Las plantas de este género eran conocidos tanto por los romanos como por los griegos. Sin embargo, parece que el término tiene un origen celta y significa "quemar", en referencia al fuerte olor acre de la planta. Uno de los primeros en utilizar este nombre para fines botánicos fue el naturalista francés Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656-1708).

bucharicum: epíteto

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 USDA, NRCS. 2006. The PLANTS Database, 6 March 2006 (http://plants.usda.gov).

bucharicum
Flora de Asia central
Plantas descritas en 1884
Plantas descritas por Regel

Allium bucharicum


Ivan Ivančić (* 6. Dezember 1937 in Grabovica, Tomislavgrad; † 28. August 2014 in Zagreb) war ein jugoslawischer Kugelstoßer.

Leben

1969 wurde er Achter bei den Europäischen Hallenspielen in Belgrad und 1970 Siebter bei den Leichtathletik-Halleneuropameisterschaften in Wien. Bei den Olympischen Spielen schied er 1972 in München und 1976 in Montreal in der Qualifikation aus. Bei den Mittelmeerspielen gewann er 1975 Gold und 1979 Bronze.

Jeweils Bronze errang er bei den Hallen-EM 1980 in Sindelfingen und  1983 in Budapest. Bei den Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften 1983 in Helsinki wurde er Zwölfter. Siebenmal wurde er jugoslawischer Meister.

Ivan Ivančić war Trainer beim AK Agram; er trainierte auch die kroatische Diskuswerferin Sandra Perković.

Der Kugelstoßwettbewerb des Hanžeković Memorial ist seit 2014 nach ihm benannt.

Persönliche Bestleistungen

 Kugelstoßen: 20,77 m,	31. August 1983, Koblenz
 Halle: 20,40 m, 20. Februar 1983, Budapest

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Kugelstoßer (Jugoslawien)
Leichtathletiktrainer (Kroatien)
Olympiateilnehmer (Jugoslawien)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1972
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1976
Teilnehmer der Mittelmeerspiele 1975
Teilnehmer der Mittelmeerspiele 1979
Mittelmeerspielesieger (Kugelstoßen)
Jugoslawischer Meister (Leichtathletik)
Person (Zagreb)
Jugoslawe
Kroate
Geboren 1937
Gestorben 2014
Mann

Ivan Ivančić


L', aussi connue sous le nom de , est une association de journalistes fondée en 1939 dont le siège est à New York, qui regroupe les correspondants de presse américains à l'étranger, qu'ils soient actifs ou en retraite.

L'association organise chaque année, et depuis ses débuts, des remises de prix et des dîners mondains prisés dans le milieu de la presse et de la politique internationale.

Missions et prises de position
L'Overseas Press Club of America (OPCA) a pour mission de représenter les correspondants de presse américains situés à l'étranger.

L'Overseas Press Club (OPC) a pour principes fondateurs de promouvoir les plus hauts standards d'intégrité et de compétence professionnelle journalistique, d'aider à la formation des journalistes, de contribuer à la liberté et à l'indépendance des journalistes et de la presse dans le monde entier et à une meilleure communication et compréhension entre les peuples.

L'OPCA se déclare favorable à la protection des sources.

Localisations

Actuelle localisation
Le siège de l'association est situé à New York dans la .

Localisations passées
En , le siège de l'OPC est situé dans la

Le , l'OPC emménage dans le New York Times Building.

Le , l'OPC

 fait l'acquisition auprès du National Republican Club d'un immeuble situé dans la  voisine, en face de Bryant Park mais s'y installe formellement en qu'il quitte en 1971. Toujours en proie à des problèmes financiers, l'OPC s'établit en  dans un immeuble situé dans la .

Historique

Création
L'Overseas Press Club est fondé le  à Greenwich Village par un groupe de correspondants américains à l'étranger.

Cependant, le premier comité, présidé par Wythe Williams, organise sa première assemblée générale le  à l'Hôtel Algonquin afin d'établir une constitution et d'adopter les statuts de l'Overseas Press Club. Ce comité comprend Irene Kuhn, Sam Dashiell, Charles Ferlin et Eugene Lyons. À l'issue de cette réunion, Williams est reconduit à la tête du club, Kuhn et Dashiell sont élus vice-présidents, Felin, secrétaire et Joseph Shaplen, trésorier. Lyons, intègre le nouveau bureau, auquel William C. Bullit et Franklin Delano Roosevelt sont honorifiquement invités à participer. Ce même jour, l'association décide de décerner annuellement un prix récompensant le meilleur correspondant de presse à l'étranger. Peggy Hull et Carol Weld font partie des membres fondateurs de l'OPC, très tôt rejointes par Nola Luxford parmi les toutes premières femmes au sein de l'environnement très masculin du club.

Débuts
Le , l'OPC organise son premier dîner annuel en compagnie d'Herbert Hoover et d'Alexandre Kerenski au . Ce dîner est donné à l'occasion de la publication de , qui comprend les aventures d'Eugene Lyons, de Irene Kuhn et de Cornelius Vanderbilt Jr..

Le , lors de la première assemblée générale annuelle de l'association au The Pierre, Eugene Lyons est élu président.

La toute première cérémonie de remise des prix se déroule le  sur le site de l'Exposition universelle de New York. Les primés sont Leland Stowe, du service international du Chicago Daily News et du New York Post, pour son travail de couverture de la guerre en Europe ; Hallett Abend, du New York Times, pour ses reportages en Extrême-Orient, et Edward Murrow, de Columbia Broadcasting System, pour ses reportages radiophoniques en zone de guerre. William L. Shirer de CBS faisait partie des nominés.

Le ,  démissionne à la demande du club qui lui reproche de s'être rendu « indésirable » en amenant des bundistes aux réunions. Viereck nie les accusations à son encontre et attribue son expulsion à une « hystérie » guerrière.

Dès , un fond philanthropique de l'association est mentionné dans la presse.

À partir de 1948, l'Overseas Press Club of America récompense les photographes et les photojournalistes pour la qualité de leur reportage photographique. Le premier prix est remis le  lors d'une cérémonie organisée au Waldorf-Astoria à Jack Birns de  pour avoir réalisé le « meilleur reportage photo de l'étranger, jugé d'après sa qualité d'interprétation ». Cette même année, James Reston du New York Times reçoit le prix du « meilleur traitement de l'actualité étrangère par voie de presse » et Homer Bigart du New York Herald Tribune reçoit le prix commémoratif George Polk décerné à un correspondant à l'étranger « pour avoir fait preuve de courage, d'intégrité et d'esprit d'entreprise au-delà du devoir »
.

En 1955, le Time fait état de la volonté de l'OPC de s'ouvrir et de se mettre à disposition de toute la presse. Cette même année, l'OPC produit une émission de radio et de télévision pour National Broadcasting Company.

Le , John Kennedy, alors sénateur du Massachusetts, critique l'administration américaine dans son discours devant l'OPC pour sa réponse timide à la demande d'une aide économique faite par la Pologne pendant l'Octobre polonais de 1956.

Le , Fidel Castro, alors premier ministre de Cuba, s'adresse à  et invités de l'OPC à l'hôtel Astor. Selon un article de l' datant de , , photojournalistes et chaînes de télévision couvrent l'événement. Le déjeuner attire la plus grande assistance de l'histoire du club à cette l'époque.

En 1962, l'Overseas Press Club édite un livre de cuisine décrivant les aventures culinaires vécues par  étrangers du Club.

En , Edward R. Murrow est élu membre de l'OPC à vie.

Un ancien membre de l'OPC considère en 2008 que l'organisation n'existe plus, probablement en vertu de sa grandeur passée.

Lors du 80 dîner annuel, le discours d'ouverture revient à Martin Baron.

Récompenses

Cérémonies et remises de prix
Plusieurs dizaines de prix sont décernés pour récompenser chaque année les professionnels de l'information par l'OPC, considérée comme la plus importante association de la presse traitant de l'actualité internationale. Selon , l'événement est généralement perçu par ceux qui y participent « comme une occasion de se pavaner et d'être vu ». Parmi les prix, le prix Robert Capa Gold Medal est décerné depuis 1955 et le prix George Polk depuis 1949.

Préférence masculine
Au cours des années 2000, le prix Robert Capa est confié à neuf hommes différents pour une seule femme, selon . Le journal indique que cette tendance se poursuit les années suivantes puisqu'en 2014 et 2015, l'OPC décerne  ce prix à des hommes mais seulement  à des femmes.

Devoir de mémoire

Le , l'Overseas Press Club inaugure son Memorial Press Center dédié aux correspondants de guerre morts en exercice lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale par une cérémonie retransmise en couleur sur WRCA dans un programme intitulé « Dateline ». Cette émission de  est marquée par l'allocution de Dwight D. Eisenhower et la performance de Marian Anderson, Bob Hope, Martha Raye, John Charles Daly et Sid Caesar. Cette initiative est soutenue par une campagne de dons entamée dès le .

Sur un mur du salon des membres du siège de l'Overseas Press Club se trouvent deux tablettes commémoratives portant les noms de  qui, entre 1940 et 1964, ont donné leur vie en exerçant le journalisme.

Un mémorial des correspondants de guerre est placé en 1985 au cimetière national d'Arlington, en Virginie, à la demande de Society of Professional Journalists, National Press Club, No Greater Love et OPC pour commémorer les journalistes morts au champ d'honneur.

Une plaque est posée au château de Vouilly le , date anniversaire du Jour J, afin de commémorer les correspondants de guerre morts lors de la bataille de Normandie.

Présidence
.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

  Site de la fondation.
  Liste des membres de l'International Association of Press Clubs.
  Archives radiophoniques de WNYC.
  Chaîne sur YouTube.

Ordre professionnel aux États-Unis
Association ou organisme lié au journalisme
Organisation militant pour la liberté d'expression
Média aux États-Unis
Association fondée en 1939

Overseas Press Club of America


Earl of Gainsborough is a title that has been created twice, once in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The first creation ended in extinction when the sixth Earl died without heirs. However, the title was revived in 1841 for a female-line relative.

1682 creation
Baptist Hicks was a wealthy textile merchant in London and also represented Tavistock and Tewkesbury in the House of Commons. In 1627 he was created a baronet, of Campden in the County of Gloucester, with remainder to heirs male of his body. One year later Hicks was raised to the peerage as Baron Hicks, of Ilmington in the County of Warwick, and Viscount Campden, of Campden in the County of Gloucester, with remainder to his son-in-law Edward Noel, husband of his daughter Juliana. On Lord Campden's death the baronetcy became extinct while he was succeeded in the barony and viscountcy according to the special remainder by his son-in-law, the second Viscount. He had earlier represented Rutland in Parliament, and in 1617, twelve years prior to succeeding his father-in-law, he had himself been raised to the peerage as Baron Noel of Ridlington after being raised to a baronetcy, of Brook, in the county of Rutland in 1611. His son, the third Viscount, also sat as a Member of Parliament for Rutland in 1640.

On his death the titles passed to his son, the fourth Viscount. He represented Rutland and Hampshire and also served as Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire and of Rutland. In 1681, one year before succeeding his father, he was created Baron Noel, of Titchfield. The following year, one month after his father's death, he was further honoured when he was made Earl of Gainsborough. Both titles were created with remainder, failing male issue of his own, to the male issue of his father. Lord Gainsborough's son, the second Earl, sat briefly as a Member of Parliament for Hampshire. On his death the line of the first Earl failed. He was succeeded according to the special remainder by his cousin, the third Earl. He was the son of Baptist Noel, the son of the third Viscount Campden from his fourth marriage and half-brother of the first Earl of Gainsborough. All titles became extinct on the death of his grandson, the sixth Earl, in 1798.

Another member of the Hicks family was Sir Michael Hicks (1543–1612), elder brother of the first Viscount Campden. He was the ancestor of the Hicks baronets of Beverston and of the Earls St Aldwyn.

1841 creation
 The title was revived in 1841 for Charles Noel, Baron Barham. His grandfather, Charles Middleton was an Admiral in the Royal Navy and also served as First Lord of the Admiralty. In 1781 he was created a baronet, of the Navy, with remainder to his son-in-law Gerard Edwardes (who assumed the surname of Noel by Royal licence in 1798) and in 1805 he was raised to the Peerage of the United Kingdom as Baron Barham, of Barham Court and of Teston in the County of Kent, with remainder to his daughter Diana, wife of the aforementioned Gerard Edwardes. Lord Barham was succeeded firstly in the baronetcy according to the special remainder by his son-in-law, the second Baronet. He was the son of Gerard Anne Edwardes (died  1813) and his wife Lady Jane Noel, daughter of Baptist Noel, 4th Earl of Gainsborough and sister of Henry Noel, 6th and last Earl of Gainsborough (see above). Gerard Anne Edwardes was the illegitimate son of Lord Anne Hamilton, younger son of James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton. Sir Gerard Noel sat in the House of Commons for nearly fifty years, representing Maidstone and Rutland.

Lord Barham was succeeded secondly in the barony according to the special remainder by his daughter Diana, the second Baroness. Both she and her husband were succeeded by their son, Charles Noel the third Baron and third Baronet. He represented Rutland in Parliament. In 1841 the titles held by his father's ancestors was revived when he was created Baron Noel, of Ridlington in the County of Rutland, Viscount Campden, of Campden in the County of Gloucester, and Earl of Gainsborough, in the County of Lincoln. His son, the second Earl, briefly represented Rutland in Parliament and also served as Lord Lieutenant of Rutland. The present holder of the titles is his great-great-grandson, the sixth Earl (the titles having descended from father to son).

The family seat is Exton Hall, near Exton, Rutland.

Other family members
Several other members of the Noel family have also gained distinction. William Noel, third son of the second Baronet and Lady Barham, was Member of Parliament for Rutland. Baptist Wriothesley Noel, tenth son of the second Baronet and Lady Barham, was an evangelical clergyman. His second son Ernest Noel was a politician. Gerard Noel, second son of the first Earl, was a Conservative politician. Roden Noel, son of the first Earl by his fourth marriage, was a poet. His son Conrad Noel was a clergyman and prominent Christian Socialist. Lady Victoria Noel, daughter of the first Earl by his fourth marriage, was a philanthropist.

Viscounts Campden (1628)
Baptist Hicks, 1st Viscount Campden (1551–1629)
Edward Noel, 2nd Viscount Campden (died 1643)
Baptist Noel, 3rd Viscount Campden (1612–1682)
Edward Noel, 4th Viscount Campden (1641–1689) (created Earl of Gainsborough in 1682)

Earls of Gainsborough, First Creation (1682)

Edward Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough (1641–1689)
Wriothesley Baptist Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough (died 1690)
Baptist Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough (1684–1714)
Baptist Noel, 4th Earl of Gainsborough (1708–1751)
Baptist Noel, 5th Earl of Gainsborough (1740–1759)
Henry Noel, 6th Earl of Gainsborough (1743–1798)

Middleton and Noel baronets, of the Navy (1781)
Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, 1st Baronet (1726–1813)
Sir Gerard Noel Noel, 2nd Baronet (1759–1838)
Charles Noel, 3rd Baron Barham. 3rd Baronet (1781–1866) (had already succeeded as Baron Barham in 1823)

Barons Barham (1805)
Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham (1726–1813)
Diana Noel, 2nd Baroness Barham (1762–1823)
Charles Noel, 3rd Baron Barham (1781–1866) (created Earl of Gainsborough in 1841)

Earls of Gainsborough, second creation (1841)
Charles Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough (1781–1866)
Charles George Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough (1818–1881)
Charles William Francis Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough (1850–1926)
Arthur Edward Joseph Noel, 4th Earl of Gainsborough (1884–1927)
Anthony Gerard Edward Noel, 5th Earl of Gainsborough (1923–2009)
Anthony Baptist Noel, 6th Earl of Gainsborough (born 1950). His wife Sarah Winnington was a Lady-in-Waiting to Diana, Princess of Wales

The heir apparent is the present holder's son Henry Robert Anthony Noel, Viscount Campden (born 1977).

The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son, Edward Patrick Anthony Noel (born 2007).

See also
Earl St Aldwyn

Notes

Sources

 Account of the Noel family

External links

 5th Earl of Gainsborough - Daily Telegraph obituary

Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of England
Earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Gainsborough
1682 establishments in England
Noble titles created in 1682
Noble titles created in 1841
Noble titles created for UK MPs

Earl of Gainsborough


حزب الوطن' (باللغة التركيّة: Yurt Partisi)، حزب سياسي قومي يميني محافظ تركي، أسسه سعد الدين تنتان حصل الحزب على 0.9% من الأصوات في الانتخابات التركية العامة 2007.

المصادر

 الجزيرة نت: الانتخابات التركية .. واقع يتشكل، الخارطة الحزبية

وصلات خارجية
 موقع الحزب الرسمي

أحزاب سياسية أسست في 2002
أحزاب تركيا
أحزاب قومية في تركيا
أحزاب محافظة في تركيا
أحزاب وطنية محافظة
تأسيسات سنة 2002 في تركيا
حزب الوطن الأم

حزب الوطن (تركيا)


was a district located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the Hikami district had an estimated population of 71,753 and a density of 145.46 persons per km2. The total area was 493.28 km2.

Former towns and villages
 Aogaki
 Hikami
 Ichijima
 Kaibara
 Kasuga
 Sannan

Merger
On November 1, 2004 - the towns of Aogaki, Hikami, Ichijima, Kaibara, Kasuga and Sannan were merged to create the city of Tamba. Hikami District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

Former districts of Hyōgo Prefecture

Hikami District, Hyōgo


القائد العسكري جوشوا زتلر إسرائيلي عسكري يعد من أشهر الإسرائيليين ن يطلق عليه العقل المدبر لعملية اغتيال الكونت برنادوت
وسيط الأمم المتحدة في اواسط القرن الماضي. توفي في العام 2009 عن عمر يناهز 90 عاما.

المصادر

انظر أيضا

وصلات خارجية

أشخاص من كفار سابا
شتيرن
منفذو اغتيالات إسرائيليون
مواليد 1335 هـ
مواليد 1917
مواليد في كفار سابا
وفيات 1430 هـ
وفيات 2009

جوشوا زتلر


Diffusionisme er et begreb indenfor kulturantropologi og kulturgeografi, som omhandler spredning af kulturelle elementer og kultursystemer. Kulturel diffusion, som første gang blev formuleret af Alfred L. Kroeber i dennes indflydelsesrige afhandling Stimulus Diffusion, drejer sig om spredning af for eksempel ideer, stilarter, religioner, teknologier, sprog og lignende mellem individer, enten indenfor en enkelt kultur eller fra en kultur til en anden. Den er forskellig fra diffusionen af innovationer indenfor en enkelt kultur.
Diffusion på tværs af kulturer er et vel dokumenteret og også et ukontroversielt fænomen. For eksempel er praksis med jordbrug alment antaget at have spredt sig fra et sted i Mellemøsten til hele Eurasien for mindre end 10.000 år siden, efter at være blevet adopteret af mange eksisterende kulturer.

Idéen om transkulturel diffusionisme har stået specielt stærkt i Tyskland og Østrig. Det vigtigste navn i Tyskland indenfor den geografisk-antropologiske retning var Friedrich Ratzel. Han rettede specielt fokus på folkevandringer. Han var blandt andet stærk modstander af tanken om, at kulturelle fænomener kan opstå parallelt flere steder på jorden og forklarede ligheder som resultat af migration og kulturlån. I Østrig blev diffusionsteoriene promoveret af Fritz Graebner og Wilhelm Schmidt. De stillede metodiske krav til forskningen, som gik ud på, at der skulle tages hensyn til form-, mængde- og kontinuitetskriterier, når det skulle fastslås, om kulturkontakter havde fundet sted. Ved hjælp af disse metoder kunne man afgrænse kulturkredse.

I Storbritannien stod personer som W.H.R. Rivers, Grafton Elliot Smith og William James Perry i spidsen for den diffusionistiske skole. Eftersom diffusionister forestillede sig mennesket som kun sjældent værende i stand til innovasion, mente for eksempel Smith, at al kulturudvikling begyndte i Egypten. De nuværende kulturformer var bare variationer eller i værste fald degenereringer af en virkelig højkultur. Rivers gennemførte også feltstudier, blandt andet deltog han i en ekspedition til Torresstrædet i 1898.

I Danmark har blandt andre Kaj Birket-Smith gjort sig til talsmand for teorien i bogen "Kulturens Veje".

Typer
Det findes fire hovedtyper af kulturel diffusion:
 Udvidende diffusion: en nyskabelse eller idé som udvikles i et kildeområde og som fortsat er stærk der, og samtidig spredes til andre områder.
 Forflytningsdiffusion: en idé eller innovation som bevæger sig ind i nye områder og forlader sin oprindelse eller kilde.
 Hierarkisk diffusion: en idé eller innovation, som spreder sig ved at flytte fra større til mindre steder, ofte med ringe hensyn til afstanden mellem stederne og ofte påvirket af sociale eliter.
 Smitsom diffusion: en idé eller innovation baseret på person-til-person kontakt indenfor en givet befolkning.

Mekanismer
Interkulturel diffusion kan ske på mange måder. Immigranter vil ofte tage sin kultur med sig. Ideer kan bæres af transkulturelle besøgende som handelsrejsende, opdagelsesrejsende, soldater, diplomater, slaver og gæstearbejdere. Teknologisk diffusion er ofte sket ved, at et samfund har lokket dygtige forskere eller arbejdere til sig med høj løn eller anden opmuntring. Transkulturelle ægteskaber mellem to nabokulturer har også bidraget. Spredningen kan ske gennem breve eller bøger (og i moderne tid gennem andre medier).

Diffusionsmekanismene kan inddeles i tre kategorier:
 Direkte diffusion er, når to kulturer ligger meget nær hverandre geografisk, hvilket resulterer i ægteskaber, handel og også krigsføring. Et eksempel på direkte diffusion er mellem USA og Canada, hvor de som bor på grænsen mellem disse to lande engagere sig i ishockey, som startede i Canada, og baseball, som er populært i amerikansk kultur.
 Tvunget diffusion opstår, når en kultur underlægger sig (for eksempel ved ved erobringer) en anden kultur og tvinger sine egne skikke på det erobrede folk. Et eksempel på dette kan være tvunget kristning af urbefolkningen i Amerika af de spanske, franske, engelske og portugisiske erobrere eller islamisering af Europa i det 21. århundredes begyndelse.
 Indirekte diffusion sker, når træk har gået fra en kultur gennem et mellemled til en anden kultur, uden at de første og sidste kulturer på noget tidspunkt har været i direkte kontakt. Et eksempel kan være mexikansk mad i Canada, eftersom et stort område (USA) ligger mellem dem.

Direkte diffusion var almindelig i antikken, da små grupper af mennesker levede i tilstødende områder. Indirekte diffusion er blevet almindelig i nutidens verden på grund af massemedierne og opfindelsen af internettet.

Resultater

I Tyskland foregik en omfattende kortlægning af fx bygningskultur og landsbyformer, og denne blev udgivet i et atlas. I Sverige blev tilgangen anvendt til at udarbejde en omfattende kortlægning af folkelivsfænomener, Atlas över svensk folkkultur, redigeret af Sigurd Erixon, udgivet i 1957 på et tidspunkt, da tilgangsvinklen næsten havde mistet sin betydning. Et tilsvarende atlas var planlagt i Danmark, og der foregik omfattende kortlægninger, men udgivelsen af et dansk atlas blev opgivet.

Litteratur
 Kaj Birket-Smith: Kulturens Veje; København 1948

Etnografi

Diffusionisme


Wuzhen-8 (), também chamado de WZ-8, é um veículo aéreo não tripulado hipersônico produzido pela Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC). O drone foi projetado para reconhecimento de alta altitude em velocidades supersônicas, com uma velocidade máxima entre Mach 4 e Mach 5. Se necessário, o WZ-8 pode ser disfarçado como um míssil de alta velocidade, ou seja, transformar-se em um drone kamikaze. Neste modo de operação, o drone pode destruir caças americanos F-22 Raptor e F-35 Lightning II. Outro alvo para o WZ-8 são os porta-aviões.

Foi apresentado oficialmente em Pequim em 1 de outubro de 2019 para marcar o 70º aniversário de fundação da República Popular da China em um desfile militar simplesmente como uma "aeronave de reconhecimento estratégico".

Especificação

 Comprimento: 11,5 m
 Envergadura: 6,7m
 Propulsão: 2 motores de foguete
 Velocidade: Mach 3.0 (documento NGA)/ Mach 6+ (mídia chinesa)
 Altitude: 100.000 pés (documento NGA) /160.000 pés (mídia chinesa)

Veículos aéreos não tripulados
Forças armadas da República Popular da China
Força Aérea da República Popular da China

Wuzhen-8


Atypoidea es una superfamilia de arañas migalomorfas, constituida por dos familias:
 Atypidae: 3 géneros, 48 especies
 Antrodiaetidae: 2 géneros, 33 especies

Véase también
 Anexo:Especies de Atypidae
 Anexo:Especies de Antrodiaetidae
 Taxonomía de las arañas

Referencias
 Platnick, Norman I. (2012): The world spider catalog, version 12.5. American Museum of Natural History.
 Texas A&M University, Department of Entomology - Synopsis of the described Araneae of the World.

Enlaces externos

Atypoidea

Atypoidea


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Der Gerichtsbezirk Kufstein ist ein dem Bezirksgericht Kufstein unterstehender Gerichtsbezirk im Bundesland Tirol. Er ist neben dem Gerichtsbezirk Rattenberg einer von zwei Gerichtsbezirken im politischen Bezirk Kufstein.

Geschichte
Der Gerichtsbezirk Kufstein wurde durch eine 1849 beschlossene Kundmachung der Landes-Gerichts-Einführungs-Kommission geschaffen und umfasste ursprünglich die 25 Gemeinden Angath, Bromberg, Buchberg, Ebbs, Ebbserberg, Ellmau, Erl, Häring, Hauming, Kirchbichl, Kufstein, Langkampfen, Mariastein, Niederndorf, Pirchmoos, Rettenschöß, Riesen, Scheffau, Schwoich, Stockach, Thierberg, Thiersee, Walchsee, Weissach und Wörgl-Kufstein.

Das Gebiet des Gerichtsbezirks Kufstein wurde im Zuge der Trennung der politischen von der judikativen Verwaltung
ab 1868 gemeinsam mit dem Gerichtsbezirk Rattenberg zum politischen Bezirk Kufstein zusammengefasst.

Das Gebiet des Gerichtsbezirks Kufstein blieb seit der Gründung nahezu unverändert. So umfasste der Gerichtsbezirk im Jahr 1900 eine Fläche von 493,50 km²,
im Jahr 2010 eine nur wenig größere Fläche von 498,26 km², wobei Kufstein per 1. Juni 1924 die Katastralgemeinde Rattenberg-Wörgl vom Gerichtsbezirk Rattenberg zugeschlagen worden war.

2012 wurde im Zuge von Budgeteinsparungen der Wunsch des Justizministeriums publik, den Gerichtsbezirk Rattenberg dem Gerichtsbezirk Kufstein zuzuschlagen.

Gerichtssprengel
Der Gerichtssprengel umfasst mit den 18 Gemeinden Angath, Bad Häring, Ebbs, Ellmau, Erl, Kirchbichl, Kufstein, Langkampfen, Mariastein, Niederndorf, Niederndorferberg, Rettenschöss, Scheffau am Wilden Kaiser, Schwoich, Söll, Thiersee, Walchsee und Wörgl den östlichen Teil des Bezirks Kufstein.

Siehe auch
 Gerichtsorganisation in Österreich
 Liste österreichischer Gerichte

Literatur
 Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften: Historisches Ortslexikon. Statistische Dokumentation zur Bevölkerungs- und Siedlungsgeschichte. Tirol. Datenbestand: 30. Juni 2011 (PDF; 1,3 MB)

Weblinks
 Gerichtssuche in der Gerichtsdatenbank des Bundesministeriums für Justiz

Einzelnachweise

Bezirk Kufstein
Kufstein
Kufstein
Gegründet 1849

Gerichtsbezirk Kufstein


In psychology, the false consensus effect, also known as consensus bias, is a pervasive cognitive bias that causes people to "see their own behavioral choices and judgments as relatively common and appropriate to existing circumstances". In other words, they assume that their personal qualities, characteristics, beliefs, and actions are relatively widespread through the general population.

This false consensus is significant because it increases self-esteem (overconfidence effect). It can be derived from a desire to conform and be liked by others in a social environment. This bias is especially prevalent in group settings where one thinks the collective opinion of their own group matches that of the larger population. Since the members of a group reach a consensus and rarely encounter those who dispute it, they tend to believe that everybody thinks the same way. The false-consensus effect is not restricted to cases where people believe that their values are shared by the majority, but it still manifests as an overestimate of the extent of their belief.

Additionally, when confronted with evidence that a consensus does not exist, people often assume that those who do not agree with them are defective in some way. There is no single cause for this cognitive bias; the availability heuristic, self-serving bias, and naïve realism have been suggested as at least partial underlying factors. The bias may also result, at least in part, from non-social stimulus-reward associations. Maintenance of this cognitive bias may be related to the tendency to make decisions with relatively little information. When faced with uncertainty and a limited sample from which to make decisions, people often "project" themselves onto the situation. When this personal knowledge is used as input to make generalizations, it often results in the false sense of being part of the majority.

The false consensus effect has been widely observed and supported by empirical evidence. Previous research has suggested that cognitive and perceptional factors (motivated projection, accessibility of information, emotion, etc.) may contribute to the consensus bias, while recent studies have focused on its neural mechanisms. One recent study has shown that consensus bias may improve decisions about other people's preferences. Ross, Green and House first defined the false consensus effect in 1977 with emphasis on the relative commonness that people perceive about their own responses; however, similar projection phenomena had already caught attention in psychology. Specifically, concerns with respect to connections between individual's personal predispositions and their estimates of peers appeared in the literature for a while. For instances, Katz and Allport in 1931 illustrated that students' estimates of the amount of others on the frequency of cheating was positively correlated to their own behavior. Later, around 1970, same phenomena were found on political beliefs and prisoner's dilemma situation. In 2017, researchers identified a persistent egocentric bias when participants learned about other people's snack-food preferences. Moreover, recent studies suggest that the false consensus effect can also affect professional decision makers; specifically, it has been shown that even experienced marketing managers project their personal product preferences onto consumers.

Major theoretical approaches
The false-consensus effect can be traced back to two parallel theories of social perception, "the study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people". The first is the idea of social comparison. The principal claim of Leon Festinger's (1954) social comparison theory was that individuals evaluate their thoughts and attitudes based on other people. This may be motivated by a desire for confirmation and the need to feel good about oneself. As an extension of this theory, people may use others as sources of information to define social reality and guide behavior. This is called informational social influence. The problem, though, is that people are often unable to accurately perceive the social norm and the actual attitudes of others. In other words, research has shown that people are surprisingly poor "intuitive psychologists" and that our social judgments are often inaccurate. This finding helped to lay the groundwork for an understanding of biased processing and inaccurate social perception. The false-consensus effect is just one example of such an inaccuracy.

The second influential theory is projection, the idea that people project their own attitudes and beliefs onto others. This idea of projection is not a new concept. In fact, it can be found in Sigmund Freud's work on the defense mechanism of projection, D.S. Holmes' work on "attributive projection" (1968), and Gustav Ichheisser's work on social perception (1970). D.S. Holmes, for example, described social projection as the process by which people "attempt to validate their beliefs by projecting their own characteristics onto other individuals".

Here a connection can be made between the two stated theories of social comparison and projection. First, as social comparison theory explains, individuals constantly look to peers as a reference group and are motivated to do so in order to seek confirmation for their own attitudes and beliefs.

The false-consensus effect, as defined by Ross, Greene, and House in 1977, came to be the culmination of the many related theories that preceded it. In their well-known series of four studies, Ross and associates hypothesized and then demonstrated that people tend to overestimate the popularity of their own beliefs and preferences. Studies were both conducted in hypothetical situations by questionnaire surveys and in authentic conflict situations. For questionnaire studies, participants were presented with hypothetical events and then were not only asked to indicate their own behavioral choices and characteristics under the provided circumstances, but also asked to rate the responses and traits of their peers who referred as "actors". As for real occasion studies, participants were actually confronted with the conflict situations in which they were asked to choose behavioral alternatives and to judge the traits as well as decisions of two supposedly true individuals who had attended in the study.   In general, the raters made more "extreme predictions" about the personalities of the actors that did not share the raters' own preference. In fact, the raters may have even thought that there was something wrong with the people expressing the alternative response.

In the ten years after the influential Ross et al. study, close to 50 papers were published with data on the false-consensus effect. Theoretical approaches were also expanded. The theoretical perspectives of this era can be divided into four categories: (a) selective exposure and cognitive availability, (b) salience and focus of attention, (c) logical information processing, and (d) motivational processes. In general, the researchers and designers of these theories believe that there is not a single right answer. Instead, they admit that there is overlap among the theories and that the false-consensus effect is most likely due to a combination of these factors.

Selective exposure and cognitive availability
This theory is closely tied to the availability heuristic, which suggests that perceptions of similarity (or difference) are affected by how easily those characteristics can be recalled from memory. And as one might expect, similarities between oneself and others are more easily recalled than differences. This is in part because people usually associate with those who are similar to themselves. This selected exposure to similar people may bias or restrict the "sample of information about the true diversity of opinion in the larger social environment". As a result of the selective exposure and availability heuristic, it is natural for the similarities to prevail in one's thoughts.

 did a popular study on the effects of the false-consensus effect among a specific adolescent community in an effort to determine whether students show a higher level of false-consensus effect among their direct peers as opposed to society at large. The participants of this experiment were 203 college students ranging in age from 18 to 25 (with an average age of 18.5). The participants were given a questionnaire and asked to answer questions regarding a variety of social topics. For each social topic, they were asked to answer how they felt about the topic and to estimate the percentage of their peers who would agree with them. The results determined that the false-consensus effect was extremely prevalent when participants were describing the rest of their college community; out of twenty topics considered, sixteen of them prominently demonstrated the false-consensus effect. The high levels of false-consensus effect seen in this study can be attributed to the group studied; because the participants were asked to compare themselves to a group of peers that they are constantly around (and view as very similar to themselves), the levels of false-consensus effect increased.

Salience and focus of attention
This theory suggests that when an individual focuses solely on their own preferred position, they are more likely to overestimate its popularity, thus falling victim to the false-consensus effect. This is because that position is the only one in their immediate consciousness. Performing an action that promotes the position will make it more salient and may increase the false-consensus effect. If, however, more positions are presented to the individual, the degree of the false-consensus effect might decrease significantly.

Logical information processing
This theory assumes that active and seemingly rational thinking underlies an individual's estimates of similarity among others.
In a study done by Fox, Yinon, and Mayraz, researchers were attempting to determine whether or not the levels of the false-consensus effect changed in different age groups. In order to come to a conclusion, it was necessary for the researchers to split their participants into four different age groups. Two hundred participants were used, and gender was not considered to be a factor. Just as in the previous study mentioned, this study used a questionnaire as its main source of information. The results showed that the false-consensus effect was extremely prevalent in all groups, but was the most prevalent in the oldest age group (the participants who were labeled as "old-age home residents"). They showed the false-consensus effect in all 12 areas that they were questioned about. The increase in false-consensus effect seen in the oldest age group can be accredited to their high level of "logical" reasoning behind their decisions; the oldest age group has obviously lived the longest, and therefore feels that they can project their beliefs onto all age groups due to their (seemingly objective) past experiences and wisdom. The younger age groups cannot logically relate to those older to them because they have not had that experience and do not pretend to know these objective truths. These results demonstrate a tendency for older people to rely more heavily on situational attributions (life experience) as opposed to internal attributions.

Motivational processes
This theory stresses the benefits of the false-consensus effect: namely, the perception of increased social validation, social support, and self-esteem. It may also be useful to exaggerate similarities in social situations in order to increase liking.

Belief in a favorable future
The concept of false consensus effect can also be extended to predictions about future others. Belief in a favorable future is the belief that future others will change their preferences and beliefs in alignment with one's own.

Rogers, Moore, and Norton (2017) find that belief in a favorable future is greater in magnitude than the false-consensus effect for two reasons:
 It is based in future others whose beliefs are not directly observable, and
 It is focused on future beliefs, which gives these future others time to "discover" the truth and change their beliefs.

See also

 Abilene paradox

 Social comparison bias

 Value (ethics)

References

Notes

Sources

Further reading

External links
 Changing minds: the false consensus effect
 Overcoming Bias: Mind Projection Fallacy

Cognitive biases
Group processes
Consensus

False consensus effect


Autistul – Nu-l mai goniți pe Brâncuși! este al treilea album de studio lansat de cantautorul român Florin Chilian. Albumul a fost lansat în anul 2010, la casa de discuri Roton. A apărut și într-o variantă ce conține, pe lângă CD-ul propriu-zis, cartea de poezii Generația suspendată de Marius Marian Șolea.

Lista pieselor

Detalii tehnice
 Florin Chilian – vocal (piesele 2–12, 14), voce de fundal (piesele 2–12, 14), claviaturi (piesa 1), muzică, texte
 Ștefan Elefteriu – orchestrație, claviaturi, mixaje, digital mastering, producător muzical, muzică la piesa 13
 Aryna – voce (piesa 12)
 Constantin Zamfirescu – voce de fundal (piesa 9)
Material produs și inregistrat la Studioul Sound Expert, București, 2009–2010.

Note

Albume de Florin Chilian
Albume din 2010

Autistul – Nu-l mai goniți pe Brâncuși!


Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI, generally referred to as the Patricia's) is one of the three Regular Force infantry regiments of the Canadian Army of the Canadian Armed Forces. Formed in 1914, it is named for Princess Patricia of Connaught, daughter of the then-Governor General of Canada. The regiment is composed of three battalions, for a total of 2,000 soldiers. The PPCLI is the main lodger unit of Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Edmonton in Alberta and CFB Shilo in Manitoba, and attached to 3rd Canadian Division; as such, it serves as the "local" regular infantry regiment for much of Western Canada. The Loyal Edmonton Regiment (LER), a Reserve Force battalion, is affiliated with the PPCLI but is not formally part of it. As part of this affiliation, the LER carries the designation '4th Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry'.

The regiment is a "British-style" infantry regiment that is the spiritual home and repository of customs and traditions for a number of battalions that do not necessarily serve together operationally. Its three battalions are independent operational entities, under the 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1 CMBG). Although the regimental name includes the phrase light infantry, two of its battalions are mechanized infantry, and the unit has never been organized as a traditional light infantry regiment.

The PPCLI was raised on the initiative of Captain Andrew Hamilton Gault in 1914, to participate in the Canadian war effort for the First World War. It was the first Canadian infantry unit to enter the theatre of operations, arriving in France on December 21, 1914. The regiment has also participated in the Second World War, the Korean War and the War in Afghanistan, as well as in numerous NATO operations and United Nations peacekeeping missions. The regiment has received 39 battle honours, three Commander-in-Chief Unit Commendations and the United States Presidential Unit Citation.

Structure
The regiment is composed of three battalions, all of which are Regular Force units and part of the 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1CMBG). Each battalion is a distinct operational entity in the Canadian Forces' order of battle. The two first battalions are mechanized infantry, while the third one is light infantry. The regimental headquarters are on CFB Edmonton.

1st Battalion
The 1st Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (1PPCLI) is at Steele Barracks, CFB Edmonton, Alberta. 1 PPCLI is a mechanized infantry battalion of the Regular Force and uses the LAV 6.0 (light armoured vehicle) as its primary fighting vehicle. The battalion is made of three rifle companies, combat support company comprising reconnaissance and signals platoons as well as a sniper group, and administration company. The current commander is Lieutenant-Colonel J.D. Schaub, CD Its regimental sergeant-major (RSM) is Chief Warrant Officer R.J. Crane, MMM, MMV, CD.

2nd Battalion
The 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (2PPCLI) is based at Kapyong Barracks in CFB Shilo, Manitoba. The battalion is a mechanized infantry unit of the Regular Force and is part of the 1CMBG. The battalion is composed of three rifle companies (A, B and C), one combat support company, and one command and administration company. Each rifle company is made of three platoons and a headquarters element, and has 15 LAV 6.0 infantry fighting vehicles. The combat support company is composed of a reconnaissance platoon and a signals platoon. The current battalion commander is Lieutenant-Colonel M.J. Reekie, MMV, CD. Its Regimental Sergeant Major (RSM) is Chief Warrant Officer B. Perry, MMM, CD

3rd Battalion
The 3rd Battalion Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (3PPCLI) is based at Steele Barracks, CFB Edmonton, Alberta. The battalion is a light infantry unit of the Regular Force, and the only one in Western Canada. The battalion is composed of three rifle companies, one combat support company and one combat service support company. 3PPCLI also maintains an airborne and mountain operations capability. The commanding officer (CO) is Lieutenant-Colonel J.C. Thamer, CD The regimental sergeant major is Chief Warrant Officer L.J. Schnurr, CD.

Lineage

Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry originated in Ottawa, Ontario, on 10 August 1914. The Permanent Active Militia (Regular Force) component was formed on 1 April 1919 and the Canadian Expeditionary Force component of the regiment was disbanded on 30 August 1920.

Following the Second World War on 1 March 1946, the Canadian Active Service Force regiment was disbanded and the 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, CIC was redesignated Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, CIC. On 27 June 1946, the regiment was embodied in the post-war Permanent Force (Active Force).

On 7 August 1950, the 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, RCIC was authorized to be formed as an Active Force unit embodied in the Special Force. On 1 January 1952, it ceased to be embodied in the Canadian Army Special Force.

On 30 November 1950, the 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, RCIC was authorized to be formed as an Active Force unit embodied in the Special Force. On 1 November 1953, it ceased to be embodied in the Canadian Army Special Force. On 8 January 1954, it was reduced to nil strength and the battalion was disbanded on 21 July 1954. On 27 April 1970, the 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry was authorized to be formed as a Regular Force unit.

Lineage chart
Lineage of the units of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry:

Perpetuations
On 3 November 1997, the regiment was granted the perpetuation of the 260th Battalion Canadian Rifles, Canadian Expeditionary Force (Siberia).

History

Early history and First World War (1914–1919)
At the outbreak of World War I, when Canada was lacking regular military forces, the then-Captain Andrew Hamilton Gault raised the Patricias. Hamilton Gault offered $100,000 () to finance and equip a battalion to participate in the Canadian war effort overseas. The government temporarily accepted his offer on August 6, 1914, and officially authorized it on August 10. The Department of Militia and Defence contributed to the equipment of the unit. The charter of the regiment was signed on August 10, and the Governor General of Canada, The Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, approved the creation of the regiment.

A sandstone slab memorial at Lansdowne Park is dedicated to the founding of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry at this location in August 1914.

Lieutenant-Colonel Francis D. Farquhar was instrumental in assisting Hamilton Gault in founding the regiment. Colonel Farquhar, Military Secretary to Canada's Governor General, asked the Duke of Connaught for permission to name the regiment after his daughter, Princess Patricia of Connaught. She was pleased to accept this honour and thus Princess Patricia's were established. "Light Infantry" in the battalion name was chosen by Captain Gault, who served during the Second Boer War and liked the impression of an irregular force that the name inspired.

Farquhar and Gault moved expeditiously to mobilize the regiment. The day after authority was granted, August 11, the two men began an aggressive recruitment campaign. Due to the patriotic outpouring following the August 4 declaration of war, 3,000 applicants were recruited within eight days. By August 19 a full complement of 1,098 had been selected, of those, 1,049 had previously served in South Africa or in the British Army. Farquhar became the first commander of the battalion. The regiment's first formal parade was conducted on August 23 in Ottawa, during which Princess Patricia presented the regimental standard. Princess Patricia, Colonel-in-Chief, designed and made by hand the regimental flag to be presented on that occasion. It is a crimson flag with a circular royal blue centre. In the circle are gold initials "V P", which stands for Victoria Patricia. The regimental standard became known as the "Ric-A-Dam-Doo". This flag was carried in every regimental action during World War I. It was not officially adopted as a regimental colour and consecrated as such until after the First World War.As a Canadian regiment mobilized in a time of wartime shortages, the regiment was equipped with weapons from a variety of sources. Private soldiers initially carried the Canadian .303 Ross rifle, while officers and non-commissioned officers normally carried the 1914 Colt Canadian-contract .45 M1911 pistol.

The regiment left Ottawa on August 28 and boarded the SS Megantic in Montreal, Quebec. However, because of enemy action in the Atlantic Ocean, the regiment had to deboard at Lévis, Quebec. During the period of training at Lévis, following extensive tests on the Ross rifle, the Patricias issued the first of what would be many damning reports of the suitability of the Ross rifle for combat. The regiment finally left on September 27 from Quebec City on board the Royal George for England in company with the rest of the first Canadian contingent.

Upon arrival at their camp on the Salisbury Plain, England on October 18 the regiment was first stationed at Bustard Camp near Stonehenge. On November 16 the unit joined the 80th Brigade of the British Expeditionary Force at Winchester. At that time the regiment abandoned the troubled Ross rifle in favour of the British Lee–Enfield. On 20 December, the regiment departed for the port of Southampton with the rest of the brigade and embarked for France arriving the next day. On this date the PPCLI was the only Canadian infantry unit on the battlefield; only the 1st Canadian Medical Corps was there before.

The Patricias first took their place in the trenches on January 6, 1915, at a location known to the British Army's soldiers as "Dickiebush".

When Farquhar was killed in action at St Eloi on March 20, he was replaced by Lieutenant-Colonel H. Buller, another British regular, who had served with him on the staff of the governor general before the war.

On May 8, the stout defence of Bellewaerde Ridge during the Battle of Frezenberg established the reputation of the Patricias but at tremendous cost. When they came out of the line the 700 men that had started the battle had been reduced to just 150 who were battle ready. The tattered remains were commanded by a lieutenant, all other officers having been killed or wounded. The phrase "holding up the whole damn line" became one of unit's unofficial mottos for the regiment.

The PPCLI served for a year with the 80th Brigade before joining the new 7th Brigade within the 3rd Canadian Division on December 22. In 1916 the regiment fought major battles at Mount Sorrel and on the Somme. It was not until October 1916 that the first Canadian, Lieutenant-Colonel Agar Adamson, was appointed to command the regiment. In 1917 as part of the Canadian Corps, the regiment took part in the Battle of Vimy Ridge on April 9, and Passchendaele later the same year. In 1918 the regiment fought at the Battle of Amiens, Jigsaw Wood, and the Battle of the Canal du Nord as part of the great battles of the Hundred Days that ended the war. The 4th Company PPCLI entered Mons with other Canadian troops early on November 11, before the armistice took effect at 11 am.

During the Battle of Passchendaele Sergeant George Harry Mullin earned the Victoria Cross, the highest honor in the British Empire. Sergeant Robert Spall won the regiment's second Victoria Cross at Parvilliers on August 12 and 13, 1918.

A former Patricia, Lieutenant Hugh McKenzie, who had risen from private to company sergeant-major before accepting his commission and transferring to the Canadian Machine Gun Corps, was awarded the Victoria Cross posthumously for his actions during Passchendaele. He had already won the Empire's second-highest award for gallantry, the Distinguished Conduct Medal, while serving with the regiment as well as the French Croix de Guerre. On 30 October 1917, he was a member of the 7th Canadian Machine Gun Company, Canadian Machine Gun Corps, leading a section of four machine guns in support of the regiment. Seeing that one of the PPCLI companies was hesitating to advance in the face of a German machine gun position on dominating ground, he handed command of his troops to an NCO and went to rally the men of his old regiment. McKenzie organized an attack and captured the enemy position. Once on the position, however, he realized that it was itself under dominating enemy machine gun fire from a nearby pillbox. McKenzie organized parties to capture the pillbox by making both frontal and flanking attacks. He was killed while leading the frontal attack. When the awarded of his Victoria Cross was announced in the London Gazette on 12 February 1918, his surname was misspelled as "Mackenzie."

On February 4, 1915, Private Guy Dwyer became the Patricias' first combat death of the war.
The last of the Patricias killed in action was likely Corporal Percy Wainwright Carleton on 10 November 1918. In total 1,272 officers and enlisted men of the Patricias were killed and 82 officers and enlisted men were captured during the war.The 260th Battalion, Canadian Rifles, CEF (Siberia) was authorized on 1 November 1918 in Victoria, B.C. and embarked for Russia on 29 December 1918. It served with the 16th Infantry Brigade as part of the Allied Forces in eastern Russia until 9 May 1919. The battalion was disbanded on 15 November 1920. The service of the 260th Battalion, CEF (Siberia) resulted in Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry being awarded the battle honour .

Between the wars (1918–1939)
On March 20, 1919, the regiment became a component of the Permanent Active Militia. In 1920 the regimental headquarters, A Company and D Company were relocated to Fort Osborne Barracks, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, while B Company relocated to Esquimalt, British Columbia. The period between the two wars was a recession period for the Canadian Armed Forces, and the regiment lost 209 soldiers in 1924.

In 1926 a group of officers and friends of the PPCLI erected a plaque in the chapel of a women's monastery on Echo Drive, across the Rideau Canal from Lansdowne Park which was dedicated to the memory of the war dead and veterans of the PPCLI during the First World War. It was moved to St. Clement Chapel, Albion Road in 1985, then to St. Clement's new premises at 87 Mann Avenue in 1993.

Second World War (1939–1945)

World War II began in Europe on September 1, 1939, and the Parliament of Canada declared war between Canada and Germany on September 10, 1939. The same day, the Patricias were mobilized for active service. The regiment recruited in Winnipeg and Vancouver until October. The regiment sailed from Halifax, Nova Scotia on the December 21, 1939, arriving in Aldershot, England, as part of the 2nd Brigade of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel W.G. Colquhoun. They spent New Year's Eve in Cove, west of Farnborough. On February 10, 1940, the colonel-in-chief, Princess Patricia, inspected her regiment for the first time in twenty-one years. The regiment spent three and a half years in United Kingdom, most of which was spent in coastal defence and training in various parts of the country.

On July 10, 1943, the PPCLI, forming part of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division and the British Eighth Army, landed in Sicily during Operation Husky. The Patricia won its first battle honours of the Second World War at Leonforte. Later, on September 4, 1943, the regiment landed and fought in Italy, advancing North for two months. The unit was slowed down by the demolished bridges and the German rear guard. In December 1943 the regiment fought during the Moro River Campaign; that year the soldiers spent Christmas in Ortona.

In May 1944 the PPCLI took part in the offensive against the Hitler Line, west of Monte Cassino, during the allied offensive against Rome. At that point the regiment was a component of the newly formed I Canadian Corps. In August the unit took part in the offensive against the Gothic Line and in the assaults on San Fortunato and Rimini.

On March 13, 1945, the I Canadian Corps was transferred to Northwest Europe where it joined the First Canadian Army and took part in the liberation of the Netherlands. Shortly after, the regiment captured the city of Apeldoorn, and, on May 7, 1945, it was the first allied force to enter Amsterdam, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Clark.

On June 1, 1945, a new battalion of the regiment was authorized to be part the Canadian Pacific Force in the campaign against Japan. Its official designation was 1st Canadian Infantry Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, 2nd Canadian Infantry. After the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by American atomic bombs and Japan's subsequent surrender on August 15, 1945, the Pacific Force was disbanded. On September 2, the new battalion was renamed 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, Canadian Infantry Corps and became a component of the interim force, waiting for the formation of a permanent force.

In October 1945, the regiment's serving battalion in Europe, understrength, returned to Winnipeg and was demobilized.

After the war (1945–1950)
After the war, in January 1946, while the interim force was gradually disbanded and the permanent force was formed, the 2nd Battalion returned to CFB Shilo. On June 10, it was relocated to Calgary, Alberta. On March 1, 1947, the battalion was renamed from 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, Canadian Infantry Corps to 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry.

In 1948, on the eve of the Korean War, an emphasis was put on the airborne troops and the 2nd Battalion was the first unit chosen to fill this role, on a voluntary basis. In the end, all the members of the unit, including the officers, became paratroopers; training was completed in the spring of 1949.

Korean War (1950–1954)
On August 15, 1950, the 2nd Battalion was created within the regiment to be a component of the Canadian Army Special Force in response to the North Korean invasion of South Korea; the unit adopted the designation of 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. The new battalion trained in Calgary and at CFB Wainwright, in Alberta, before boarding the USS Private Joe P. Martinez on November 25, 1950, to Pusan in South Korea. The battalion landed in Korea in December and trained in the mountains for eight weeks before finally taking part in the war on February 6, becoming a component of the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade of the IX American Corps in the 8th US Army. The 2nd Battalion of the PPCLI was the first Canadian infantry unit to take part in the Korean War.

On April 22, 1951, Chinese forces undertook a major offensive against the United Nations forces and pierced through the first line of defence held by the ROK Army 6th Division. During the Battle of Kapyong the 2nd Battalion, PPCLI, the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, and A Company, 72nd Heavy Tank Battalion (US) were tasked with the defence of the Kapyong Valley. The formation delayed the Chinese forces for three days while United Nations forces withdrew to a new defensive line, thus saving Seoul. For their action, these three units received the United States Presidential Unit Citation and the Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation.

On May 25, 1951, the 2nd Battalion, PPCLI was transferred to the 25th Canadian Infantry Brigade within the 1st Commonwealth Division. In the fall, the 2nd Battalion was replaced by 1PPCLI and returned to Calgary. Meanwhile, in Canada, a new battalion was created on November 30, 1950. This 3rd Battalion trained at CFB Wainwright, CFB Borden, and Camp Ipperwash, before sending troops with the 1st and 2nd Battalions during their tour in Korea.

The 3rd Battalion replaced the 1st Battalion in the fall of 1952, and occupied Hill 355 until late November 1952. After three months of active service the battalion was disbanded on February 8, 1954. The PPCLI was again reduced to two battalions, and the commander, regimental sergeant major, and members of the disbanded 3rd Battalion were chosen to form the new 2nd Battalion of the Canadian Guards.

Service in Canada and Germany (1950–1988)
In the spring of 1950 the 1st Battalion supported civil authorities responding to floods in Manitoba.

From 1950 to 1969, Canada, as a NATO member, maintained a brigade-group in Germany. The 2nd Battalion, PPCLI served in Germany from October 1953 to the fall of 1955, when the 1st Battalion replaced it until the fall of 1957. In the fall of 1963 the 1st Battalion deployed for its second rotation until 1966. The 2nd Battalion returned in July 1984 for four years. In 1994 CFB Lahr in Germany closed, effectively ending the Canadian rotations.

Cold War and peacekeeping (1968–2003)

The 1st Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry was sent to Cyprus in 1968 within the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFYCIP). Different infantry units including the two PPCLI battalions then undertook six-month rotations in the country until 1993. PPCLI completed 12 tours in Cyprus.

In 1970 the 1st Battalion of The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada was based in Victoria, British Columbia. Due to a reorganization, its members were rebadged to the newly recreated 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. The regiment also increased in size when the Canadian government closed 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group.

The sculpture Anti-Tank Patrol by André Gauthier was commissioned to mark the 75th anniversary of the regiment in 1989.

The Patricias served in Israel, Golan, Egypt, Lebanon, Kuwait, Iraq, Nigeria, Uganda, Congo, Vietnam, Central America, Angola, Somalia, Rwanda, Korea, Croatia, and Bosnia, for various missions.

During the Yugoslav Wars in the early 1990s, soldiers from PPCLI served in the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), the United Nations peacekeeping force in Croatia. In the autumn of 1992 The 3rd Battalion replaced the Royal 22nd Regiment in Sector North, stationed out of Camp Polom, near Pakrac. The 22nd had actually spent much of their six-month tour out of position. They were with General Lewis MacKenzie, securing the Sarajevo airport for UN relief shipments.  It was replaced by a battle group of 875 members mostly from the 2nd Battalion PPCLI in 1993. The battle group was dispatched to the Medak Pocket in September 1993 to interpose themselves between Serb and Croatian forces. After the Croatians opened fire on the PPCLI troops, they became involved in an intense firefight. In 2002 Colonel Jim Calvin and his men were awarded the Commander-in-Chief Unit Commendation for their bravery. A battle group drawn mostly from 1st Battalion PPCLI replaced the 2nd in 1994; the 2nd Battalion also served with the stabilization force in 1997, 2000 and 2003, the 3rd Battalion in 2000, and the 1st Battalion in 2002 and 2003. B Company, 1st Battalion, deployed as part of Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) Battle Group to northwest Bosnia from July 1997 to January 1998. Elements of PPCLI served with Lord Strathcona's Horse during the 1917–1918 winter, and in 1999, the 1st Battalion sent a complete battle group to the Kosovo Force.In the spring of 1997, the 1st Battalion supported civil authorities with the Manitoba floods yet again. In 1998, it was again mobilized, this time to respond to the 1998 North American ice storm in Quebec.

In 1998 to celebrate the announcement of the re-opening of Canada House, a detachment of the 3rd Battalion was sent to London to mount the Royal Guard at the Buckingham Palace, a rare honour. The Royal Canadian Regiment had the same honour two years later, at the re-opening.

War in Afghanistan (2001–2010)

Operation Apollo (2002–2003)
On January 22, 2002, during Operation Apollo, the Canadian contribution to Operation Enduring Freedom and the War in Afghanistan, the 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, deployed to Afghanistan. The Battlegroup also included a reconnaissance squadron from Lord Strathcona's Horse and support elements from the 1st Service Battalion. These were the first major troops Canada sent in the theatre of operations, only preceded by a small team of Joint Task Force 2 operators in late 2001.

In March 2002, during Operation Anaconda, members of the 3PPCLI were in the Afghan province of Paktiya, clearing the mountains looking for Taliban and members of Al-Qaeda. The Canadian element of the operation, led by the United States, was composed of sixteen soldiers including six snipers. This sniper team, led by Master-Corporal Graham Ragsdale, registered more than 20 kills while Master-Corporal Arron Perry set the new world record for farthest combat kill with a .50 cal McMillan Tac-50 sniper rifle that killed a Taliban fighter at a distance of . Later on in the mission, Corporal Rob Furlong set yet a new record by firing a shot from a .50 cal McMillan Tac-50 sniper rifle that killed a Taliban fighter at a distance of . Both shots surpassed the long-standing previous world record of  set by U.S. Marine Gunnery Sergeant Carlos Hathcock during the Vietnam War. The U.S. Army awarded the team members the Bronze Star for their actions in combat. Other Canadian snipers recorded high hit ratios and some extremely difficult shots, but remain anonymous.On March 13, 2002, Operation Harpoon was launched in parallel of Operation Anaconda, with the goal of eliminating a small pocket of Taliban fighters. The operation involved air elements as well as a ground battlegroup composed of Canadian and American soldiers, led by Lieutenant-Colonel Pat Stogran, commander 3PPCLI battlegroup. The next day, a reconnaissance platoon from 3PPCLI led the American troops to a network of caves and bunkers used by Al-Qaeda resisters. The battlegroup proceeded to destroy the bunkers and Operation Harpoon ended on March 19.

After Operation Harpoon, the 3PPCLI returned to Kandahar International Airport, and started training for future operations. On April 18, 2002, the 3rd Battalion was involved in a highly publicized case of friendly-fire (blue on blue). The Canadian soldiers were participating in planned nighttime training exercises near Kandahar when Major Harry Schmidt, an American pilot from the Illinois Air National Guard, flew overhead. Believing he was being fired upon by enemy soldiers, Schmidt dropped one  laser-guided bomb on the soldiers from his F-16. Sergeant Marc Léger, Corporal Ainsworth Dyer, Private Richard Green and Private Nathan Smith were killed instantly and eight were injured. Schmidt was court-martialed by the U.S. and convicted of dereliction of duty as a result, in what became known as the Tarnak Farm incident.On May 4, 2002, Operation Torii is launched, and Lieutenant-Colonel Stogran leads an international task force, of which 400 Canadian soldiers. The goal of the mission was to discover networks of caves used by the Talibans and Al-Qaeda, as well as to gather intelligence in the Tora Bora region.

From June 30 to July 4, 2002, the majority of 3PPCLI relocated to Zabul Province, Northwest of Kandahar, to establish for the first time a coalition presence in the region.

The 3rd Battalion started preparing its redeployment back to Canada on July 13, and its members came back home in two contingents, on July 28 and July 30, after a short stay in Guam. In March 2003, the 1st Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, deployed a 35-soldier platoon to serve alongside already deployed units from Operation Apollo. The platoon was replaced in July by a Royal Canadian Horse Artillery platoon.

Operation Athena (2004–2010)

From August 2004 to February 2005, during Operation Athena, the 3rd Battalion deployed a reconnaissance platoon with the LdSH (RC) reconnaissance squadron to Kabul. A battlegroup built on 1PPCLI deployed in Kandahar from February to July 2006.

When the 1PPCLI deployed to Afghanistan, the Taliban began a major offensive and the Canadians were caught in the middle. After a spring in which a record number of attacks against Canadian soldiers had been set, and numerous offensives by Canadians which included six deaths to the Canadian Forces, the Taliban in Kandahar and Helmand provinces were massing and Operation Mountain Thrust was launched in the beginning of the summer. Canadians were the leading combatants and the first fighting in the Battle of Panjwaii took place. Complex mud-walled compounds made the rural Panjwaii district take on an urban style of fighting in some places. Daily firefights, artillery bombardments, and allied airstrikes turned the tides of the battle in favour of the Canadians.After Operation Mountain Thrust came to an end, Taliban fighters flooded back into the Panjwaii district in numbers that had not been seen yet in a single area in the post Anaconda war. The Canadian Forces, which came under NATO command at the end of July, launched Operation Medusa in an attempt to clear the areas of Taliban fighters once and for all.

The fighting of Operation Medusa was conducted with a larger force of Canadians, most of them being brand new to combat and largely fought by the rotation replacing the 1PPCLI, a battle group built around the 1st Battalion, Royal Canadian Regiment (RCR).

For their actions in 2006, the 1st Battalion PPCLI Battle Group was given the Commander-in-Chief Unit Commendation from the Governor-General of Canada.

The 2nd Battalion, PPCLI, took over from the 3rd Battalion, Royal 22e Régiment (R22eR) in February 2008. In August of the same year, it is replaced by the 3RCR, and in September 2009, 1PPCLI returns in Afghanistan to replace 2R22eR, where it stayed until May 2010.

Affiliate regiments
  – The Rifles
  – The Royal Australian Regiment

Battle Honours
Battle honours are the right given by the Canadian Crown to the regiment to mark on its colours the name of the battles or operations in which they stood out. Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry has received 41 battle honours. Battle honours in all caps were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns, while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles. Those battle honours in bold type are authorized for emblazonment on the regimental colours. Two soldiers of the regiment have been awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest honours of the Commonwealth forces, during World War I.

Battle honours:

Victoria Cross recipients

Recognition
Freedom of the city was exercised by the 3rd Battalion in Victoria, British Columbia on June 15, 1974.
The regiment was granted the Freedom of the City of Edmonton, an honour in respect of the centennial of the regiment. This permits the regiment to conduct parades on city streets as of May 22, 2014.

Bands

Instead of a regimental band, PPCLI maintains three drum lines that form the regimental corps of drums, which provides ceremonial musical support. It is the Canadian counterpart to the Corps of Drums of the British Army Royal Logistics Corps, and thus it is an all-percussion unit that occasionally marches with the Royal Canadian Artillery Band. From 1919 to 1994 however, PPCLI did maintain a regimental band. PPCLI's band date back to the First World War when its core band came from the St. Mary's Boys Brigade Band and the 140th New Brunswick Battalion in January 1916. PPCLI Band was formed in 1919 under the guidance of Captain Tommy James and was stationed at Fort Osborne Barracks in Winnipeg. In early 1940s, the 1st Canadian Division Band was largely made up of former PPCLI bandsmen, which provided the basis to be reactivated after the war at Wainwright, Alberta. Due to military budget cuts in 1994, the entire band was disbanded and reduced to a corps of drums. The drum line was inactive due to the Afghanistan War in the early 2000s; however, it was re-formed under the leadership of Sergeant Keith Mooney and Warrant Officer Dave Kennedy in 2014. The process for establishment began in 2012 with the research for drum patterns and sequences. The drum line took part in the regimental Centennial Parade in September 2014.

The Edmonton Police Service pipe band, which was formed in 1914, was dissolved during the First World War, with its musicians being re-augmented to PPCLI and leading the regiment into battle. Members of the pipe band also served as stretcher bearers during the war. As a result of this close history together, the Pipes and Drums of the EPS, which was re-founded in 1961, is the only non-military civilian band within the Commonwealth to wear the badges of three Canadian regiments, with one of these being PPCLI. While serving as a public relations tool for the EPS, it performs alongside the regiment during public events in Edmonton. The band was invited to play at PPCLI's beating retreat ceremony in 1964 and at the regimental trooping the colour in 1967.

Traditions

Since March 17, 2007, the regiment's colonel-in-chief is former Governor-General of Canada Adrienne Clarkson. The previous colonel-in-chief was Countess Mountbatten of Burma, herself succeeding Princess Patricia. This is the first time that a person who is not a member of the Canadian Royal Family has been invited to take such a position with the regiment. The new colonel-in-chief took up her appointment at a ceremony on March 17, 2007, at the Regimental Headquarters in Edmonton.

The PPCLI does not have an official motto; however, their unofficial motto, "First In The Field", is based on the fact that they were the first Canadian unit to deploy in the Great War. The regiment also uses another non-official motto, Once a Patricia, Always a Patricia, which reminds that the regimental family includes retired soldiers and officers and those who transferred elsewhere in the Canadian Forces. March 17 is the most important date within the regiment, as it corresponds to Princess Patricia's birthday. May 8 is the anniversary of the 1915 Battle of Frezenberg and is observed by a parade and a church ceremony. April 25 is the anniversary of the Battle of Kapyong, normally observed by the 2nd Battalion with a parade. On August 10, the regiment celebrates the foundation of the PPCLI in 1914. September 21 is the anniversary of the Battle of San Fortunato in 1944.

The regimental march of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry consists of the songs "Has Anyone Seen The Colonel?", "It's a Long Way To Tipperary", and "Mademoiselle from Armentières".

Colonels in Chief
 Princess Patricia of Connaught  22 February 191812 January 1974
 The Countess Mountbatten of Burma   15 June 197417 March 2007
 The Rt Hon Adrienne Clarkson    17 March 2007Present

List of colonels of the regiment

Brigadier Andrew Hamilton Gault, OBE, DSO, ED, CD (September 25, 1958 – November 28, 1958)
Major-General Cameron B. Ware, DSO, CD (September 13, 1959 – April 21, 1977)
Major-General George Grenville Brown, CD (April 21, 1977 – July 6, 1983)
Colonel William Benjamin Scott Sutherland, CD (July 6, 1983 – October 14, 1987)
Brigadier-General R. Stuart Graham, CD (October 15, 1987 – October 19, 1990)
Major-General Herbert C. Pitts, MC, CD (October 19, 1990 – July 3, 1994)
Major-General C. William Hewson, CMM, CD (July 3, 1994 – June 24, 2000)
General A.J.G.D. de Chastelain, CC, CMM, CD, CH (June 24, 2000 – June 20, 2003)
Major-General Robert I. Stewart, CMM, CD (June 20, 2003 – August 30, 2006)
Brigadier-General J.E.L. Gollner, OMM, CD, (August 30, 2006 - May 17, 2010)
Lieutenant-General Ray R. Crabbe, CMM, MSC, CD (May 17, 2010 – June 11, 2015)
Major-General W. Brian Vernon, CD (June 11, 2015 – June 15, 2018)
Brigadier-General V.W. Kennedy, OMM, MSM, CD (June 15, 2018 – Present)

The Patrician
The Patrician is a regimental journal first published in May 1933. In 1946, a monthly paper started publishing, but was suspended during the Korean War. In 1953, The Patrician started publishing twice annually until 1960 when it became annual because of financial restraints. The Patrician adopted its present format in 2003.

Ric-A-Dam-Doo
Ric-A-Dam-Doo is a nickname for the original camp flag of the PPCLI. Various sources claim that "Ric-A-Dam-Doo" is a presumably phonetic version of the Gaelic for "cloth of thy mother"; but it is not clear that this claim has been confirmed by a Gaelic speaker. The independent companies that preceded the formation of the 42nd Regiment of Foot were known in Scottish Gaelic as Am Freiceadan Dubh, which translates to "The Black Watch" in English.

In 1984, in a conversation with the PPCLI Colonel-of-The-Regiment, Colonel William Sutherland, Lieutenant James MacInnis surmised that the PPCLI's founder, Brigadier Hamilton Gault, a former 'Black Watch' officer from the Canadian Militia, may have used the Gaelic term when referring to the flag and Lt MacInnis believed that subsequent soldiers' bastardization of the Gaelic became accepted practise. The Ric-A-Dam-Doo was hand-sewn by Princess Patricia and presented to the Regiment.

In 2011 Colonel-in-Chief Adrienne Clarkson, asked songwriter Bryan Adams to write a song to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the PPCLI. Together with his songwriting partner Jim Vallance, they composed a song based on the flag called Ric-A-Dam-Doo. It was recorded by the wives of the regiment in Edmonton, Alberta and was released to the public by Universal Records.

Western Hockey League affiliation
The PPCLI is not directly affiliated with the Western Hockey League, but they are associated through name with the Regina Pats who were formed in 1917 in Regina, Saskatchewan, as a major junior hockey team. The "Patricias" shortened their name to the Regina "Pats" in 1923, and to this day wear the PPCLI patch on their hockey jersey's shoulders. The Regina Pats are the longest lived major junior hockey team in the world.

In popular culture
In the movie "Across the Pacific"(1942), a cashiered U.S. Army officer, played by Humphrey Bogart crosses the border in 1941 and attempts to enlist in the Princess Pats. He is refused, as the regiment expects all its officers to have high moral standards. The character later comments that his rejection "was a *little* on the insulting side".

A soldier of the regiment is interviewed in Max Brooks's zombie novel World War Z.

The character Major Patrick Gordon/Patrick Crawley in Season 2 of Downton Abbey was a member of PPCLI.

The Canadian infantry soldiers in the Afghanistan War-based movie Hyena Road are members of the PPCLI.

In 1968 movie "The Devil's Brigade" Sgt. Patrick O'Neill (played by Jeremy Slate) is wearing P.P.C.L.I. insignia on his shoulder.

In the "Ultimate Soldier Challenge" TV show on History channel (Season 1, Episode 5) three teams of two soldiers (US Marines, Canadians, and Contractors) are competing in various military tasks. The Canadians (Alex and Andrija) are from the PPCLI.

Freedoms
The regiment has received the Freedom of several locations throughout its history; these include:

 1952: Calgary

  16 September 1972: Esquimalt.
  15 June 1974: Victoria.
 1985: Ypres
  1985: Ottawa.
  1989: Winnipeg.
 2011: Kapyong
  22 May 2012: Brandon.
  10 August 2014: Edmonton.
  15 September 2014: Gibbons.

Arms

Order of precedence

Possible specialist Arctic sovereignty role
It has been suggested in a Canadian professional military journal that the regiment's third battalion (3 PPCLI) could be adapted to become a specialized light infantry battalion that is able to deploy parachute infantry and marine infantry company groups to support the protection of Canada's sovereignty in the Arctic.

Notes

References

 and

Other footnotes

Bibliography

External links

 Regimental page on Canadian Army site

 Regimental veterans association

 1914/11/04–1915/10/31
 1915/11/01–1916/12/31
 1917/01/01–1918/03/31
 1918/04/01–1919/01/31

Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry
Infantry regiments of Canada
Light Infantry regiments of Canada
Infantry regiments of Canada in World War II
Military units and formations of Canada in the Korean War
Military units and formations established in 1914
Organizations based in Edmonton
1914 establishments in Alberta
Battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force
Military units and formations of Ontario
Military units and formations of Alberta
Military units and formations of Manitoba
Canada