Heinz Monz (né le  à Trèves et mort le  dans la même ville) est un historien, avocat et sous-secrétaire principal allemand. Il est un chercheur de Karl Marx ainsi que l'éditeur général et l'éditeur du .

Biographie
Monz étudie le droit, l'histoire et la sociologie à Mayence et à Sarrebruck et obtient son doctorat à deux reprises : il rédige sa thèse de doctorat en droit en 1960 sur le thème "La réorganisation municipale des agglomérations urbaines". Il fournit ainsi la base des incorporations de Trèves en 1969. En 1963, Monz rédige sa deuxième thèse de doctorat intitulée « Karl Marx et Trèves - conditions, relations, influences » en philosophie.

Monz occupe divers postes au sein du gouvernement local de 1975 à 1988; Il travaille notamment pour le médiateur de Rhénanie-Palatinat.

Il est marié et a trois fils et une fille.

Travaux
 Karl Marx und Trier. Verhältnisse – Beziehungen – Einflüsse. Verlag Neu, Trier 1964.
 Karl Marx. Grundlagen zu Leben und Werk.(zugleich wesentlich erweiterte 2. Auflage des Buchen "Karl Marx und Trier"). NCO-Verlag, Trier 1973.
 . Leben und Werk, Trier 1979.
 Karl Marx – Trierer Reminiszenzen. Verlag Neu & Co. Trier 1969.
 Karl Marx – Trierer Reminiszenzen, mit einem Vorwort von Ignaz Bender, Trier, 2009,
 Karl Marx (1818–1883). In: Rheinische Lebensbilder. Band 17. Köln 1997, , S. 101–119.
 Die Bevölkerung von Kürenz im Jahre 1802. In: ,1965, S. 94.
 Zur Biographie der Jenny von Westfalen. In: Neues Trierisches Jahrbuch, 1996, S. 141
 Gründung und Entstehung der "gbt" in Trier. In: Neues Trierisches Jahrbuch, 1999, S. 205.
 Zwei Plätze = vier Namen – Zur Problematik Trierer Platzbenennungen. In: Neues Trierisches Jahrbuch, 2001, S. 72.
 , die Trierer jüdische Köchin, vor 170 Jahren geboren – Zur Vorstellung eines Trierer jüdischen Kochbuches. In: Neues Trierisches Jahrbuch, 2002, S. 133.
 Wilhelm Friedrich und die Postleitzahl. In: Neues Trierisches Jahrbuch, 2002, S. 137.
 "Der Communismus in Trier". Die "Trierische Zeitung" in der Kritik des Mainzer "Katholik". In: Kurtrierisches Jahrbuch. 1989.
 Die Brände an der Mosel 1857 als Gegenstand eines Londoner Konfidentenberichtes. In: Landeskundliche Vierteljahrblätter 36., Trier, 1990, Heft 2 S. 93–103.
 Gerechtigkeit bei Karl Marx und in der Hebräischen Bibel. Übereinstimmung, Fortführung und zeitgenössische Identifikation. Mit einem Geleitwort von Großrabbiner Dr. Emmanuel Bulz, Luxemburg. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden 1995. .
 Die Verbindung des Mainzer  zu Karl Marx und Friedrich Engels. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Mainzer Arbeiterbewegung, Darmstadt 1986:  (=Hessische Beiträge zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung)

Éditeur
Trierer biographisches Lexikon. Landesarchivverwaltung, Koblenz 2000,

Bibliographie
 Bibliographisches Verzeichnis Dr. Dr. Heinz Monz. 1949–2009. BoD, Norderstedt 2012. .

Liens externes

Références

Historien allemand du XXe siècle
Juriste allemand du XXe siècle
Naissance en novembre 1929
Naissance à Trèves
Décès en décembre 2012
Décès à Trèves
Décès à 83 ans

Heinz Monz


Erlendur Sveinsson getur átt við um:
Erlendur Sveinsson úr bókum Arnaldar Indriðasonar
Erlendur Sveinsson Kvikmyndagerðamann

Erlendur Sveinsson


Le groupe Transports terrestres de voyageurs, connu sous l'acronyme Groupe Transtev ou TRANSTEV, est un groupe public algérien de transports créé en . Il est composé de plusieurs filiales exerçant dans les domaines des transports guidés (métro, tramway et transport par câble), des services aux voyageurs (gares routières) et des transports publics des voyageurs (autocars).

Historique
Créé en , le groupe Transtev est issu de la mise en œuvre de la restructuration du secteur marchand des transports en Algérie telle que définie par la résolution du Conseil des participations de l'État (CPE)  du  présentée par le Ministère des Transports algérien. Cette restructuration s'inscrit plus globalement dans le cadre de la réorganisation du secteur public marchand définie par la résolution du CPE  du .

L'application en  de la résolution du CPE  du  a eu pour objet le remplacement de trois Sociétés de gestion des participations de l'État (SGP) du secteur des transports (Sogeport, Gestramar et Fibder), qui englobaient 48 Entreprises publiques économiques (EPE) ainsi que d'autres entreprises à caractère économique et industriel sous tutelle du Ministère des Transports, par quatre groupes de transports :
 Serport, le groupe des services portuaires ;
 Gatma, le groupe de transport maritime ;
 Logitrans, le groupe de transport de marchandises et de logistique ;
 Transtev, le groupe de transports terrestres de voyageurs.

Filiales
Les filiales du groupe Transtev sont réparties en trois domaines:

 filiales du domaine des transports guidés :
 EMA : Entreprise Métro d'Alger ;
 ETAC : Entreprise de transport algérien par câbles  ;
 SETRAM  : Société d'exploitation des tramways ;

 filiales du domaine des transports publics des voyageurs :
 TVC : Transport Voyageurs du Centre  ;
 TVE : Transport Voyageurs de l'Est  ;
 TVO : Transport voyageurs de l'Ouest ;
 NTV : National des Transports de Voyageurs ;
 TRANSUB : Transport Voyageurs Urbain et Suburbain ;

 filiales du domaine des services aux voyageurs :
 SOGRAL : Société de gestion des gares routières d'Algérie ;
 SOGRAT :	Entreprise de gestion de la gare de Tizi Ouzou.

Autres filiales dans lesquelles Transtev a une participation au travers de l'EMA :
 Cital :  Compagnie industrielle des transports algériens, filiale de Ferrovial, d'Alstom, de l'EMA et de Alstom Algérie ;
 Métro El Djazaïr :  société exploitante du métro d'Alger, filiale à 100 % de l'EMA ;
 BETUR : Bureau d'études des transports urbains algérien, filiale à 100 % de l'EMA.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Transport en Algérie
 Entreprise Métro d'Alger
 Entreprise de transport algérien par câbles
 Société d'exploitation des tramways
 Cital
 Métro El Djazaïr

Liens externes
 Site web du groupe Transtev

Entreprise de transport en commun ayant son siège en Algérie
Entreprise fondée en 2016
Transport en Algérie

TRANSTEV


Salix lemmonii es una especie de sauce perteneciente a la familia de las salicáceas. Es nativa del oeste de Norteamérica desde British Columbia a California y Colorado, donde crece en zonas húmedas y muy húmedas en las montañas en los bosques de coníferas en hábitat tales como arroyos y praderas.

Descripción

Salix lemmonii es un arbusto  que alcanza un tamaño de 1 a 4 metros de altura, a veces formando colonias en matorrales. Sus tallos se agrupan y se extienden en muchas ramas delgadas y angulares. Las hojas son de hasta 11 centímetros de largo, en forma de lanza, de forma ovalada con extremos puntiagudos, lisos o ligeramente dentadas en los bordes. La inflorescencia es un fuerte amento de unos pocos centímetros de largo, el amento femenino alcanza los 6 o 7 centímetros, cuando los frutos se desarrollan. Este sauce a veces se hibrida con Salix geyeriana, con el que está estrechamente relacionado.

Usos
Este arbusto se utiliza comúnmente en la revegetación de proyectos en su área de distribución, en los que es útil para estabilizar la erosión ribereña del hábitat.

Taxonomía
Salix lemmonii fue descrita por Michael Schuck Bebb y publicado en Geological Survey of California 88, en el año 1879.
Etimología
Salix: nombre genérico latino para el sauce, sus ramas y madera.

lemmonii: epíteto otorgado en honor del botánico John Gill Lemmon.
Sinonimia
Salix austinae Bebb
Salix lemmonii var. austiniae (Bebb) C.K. Schneid.
Salix lemmonii var. macrostachya Bebb
Salix lemmonii var. melanolepis Bebb
Salix lemmonii var. sphaerostachya Bebb

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Jepson Manual Treatment - Salix lemmonii
 USDA Plants Profil: Salix lemmoniie
 Flora of North America
 Salix lemmonii - Photo gallery

lemmonii
Flora de Estados Unidos
Plantas descritas en 1879
Plantas descritas por Bebb

Salix lemmonii


Svijet

Književna djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Književna djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

 16. siječnja – Petar Kanavelić, hrvatski pjesnik, epski i dramski pisac (* 1637.)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Književnost u 1719.


බලලත් නිලධාරි දෙවන පංතිය එච්.බී. පසන් ගුණසේකර  PWV, WWV, RSP, GR  (නොවැම්බර 9, 1964 - නොවැම්බර් 29, 1995) යනු   ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ,  යාපනයෙහිදී, රිවිරැස මෙහෙයුම තුලදී ඔහුගේ වීර ක්‍රියා වෙනුවෙන්,  මාණ්ඩලික සැරයන් සිට බලලත් නිලධාරි දෙවන පංතිය පංතිය දක්වා මරණාපර ලෙසින් උසස්වීමක් ලබා, බහුමානය සඳහ‍ා ශ්‍රී ලංකාවෙහි පිරිනැමෙන උසස්තම හමුදා භූෂණය වන පරම වීර විභූෂණය (PWV) පදක්කම වෙතින් පිදුනු ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදාවේ  අධිකාරි-නොලත් නිලධාරිවරයෙකි.

වොරන්ට් ඔෆිසර් -2, පසන් ගුණසේකර, රිවිරැස මෙහෙයුමේ ක්‍රමෝපායික ලෙස ඉතාමත් වැදගත් තීරනාත්මක සටනකදී , තම ජීවිතය උදෙසා වන බරපතල අන්තුර නොසලකමින්, ස්වෙච්චාවෙන් ඉදිරිපත්වී, සටන ජයග්‍රහනය කරා මෙහෙයවීය. නමුත් , මෙම සටනේදී ඔහුට වැදුන වෙඩි ප්‍රහාර කීපයක් නිසා ජීවිතක්ෂයට පත් විය. නමුත්, ඔහුගේ ( සහ ඔහුගේ කුඩා කණ්ඩායමේ) , උත්සාහය හේතුවෙන්, යාපනය නගරය තුල සටන් වදින කොටි ත්‍රස්ත්‍රවාදීන් සහ , අර්ධද්වීපයන් පිටත ත්‍රස්ත්‍රවාදීන් අතර මුහුදින් වූ සැපයුම් මාරගය බිදවැටුනි. මේ අතිශය වැදගත්, තීරනාත්මක කරුන අනෙත් සෙබලුන්ට යාපනය අවසානයේ දී අල්ලා ගැනීමට තීරනාත්මක ලෙස බලපෑවෙය. එම වීර ක්‍රියාව උදෙසා, ඔහුට පසුව නිර්භීතකම වෙනුවෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදාවේ ප්‍රදානය කරනු ලබන විශිෂ්ටතම පදක්කම වන පරම වීර විභූෂණය පුද කරණ ලදී.

ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදා නිලධාරීන්
පරම වීර විභූෂනය - පදක්කම ලබාගත් නිලධාරීන්

පසන් ගුණසේකර


Pegasus was a winged horse sired by Poseidon in Greek mythology.

Pegasus may also refer to:

Arts and entertainment

Fictional entities
 Pegasus (Disney), characters in Disney's 1997 film Hercules
 Pegasus, a spacecraft in the movie The Mystery of the Third Planet
 Pegasus, a spacecraft in the TV series Space Odyssey
 Pegasus, an auto garage in the TV series Gekisou Sentai Carranger
 Pegasus Galaxy (Stargate), a location in the TV series Stargate Atlantis
 Pegasus Seiya, a Saint Seiya character
Pegasus ponies, a subspecies of ponies in the My Little Pony franchise
 Maximillion Pegasus or Pegasus J. Crawford, a Yu-Gi-Oh! character

Film and television
 Pegasus (film), a 2019 Chinese comedy film
 "Pegasus" (Battlestar Galactica)
 "The Pegasus" (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
 Pegasus (TV series), a BBC serial about Robert Fulton
 PEGASYS-TV, a television station

Music
 "Pegasus" (instrumental), by The Allman Brothers Band
 Pegasus (Trippie Redd album), 2020
 Pegasus, a 2005 album by The Phoenix Foundation
 Pegasus Records, an offshoot of the UK 1970s B&C Records label
 Pegasus Award, an award in filk music

Publications
 Pegasus (game magazine), published in 1981 by Judges Guild
 Pegasus (novel), 2010 novel by Robin McKinley
 Pegasus Publications, a Canadian magazine publisher
 Pegasus (series), 2011 novel series by Kate O'Hearn
 Pegasus (University of Central Florida magazine)

Other uses in arts and entertainment
 Pegasus (Efteling), a roller coaster in the Netherlands
 Pegasus (Mt. Olympus Water and Theme Park), a roller coaster in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin
 Pegasus (Pilz), a 1863 pair of bronze sculptures by Vincent Pilz
 PHM Pegasus, a 1986 ship simulation game

Astronomy
 Pegasus (constellation), a constellation in the northern sky
 Pegasus (Chinese astronomy), symbolized as the Black Tortoise of the North
 Pegasus Dwarf Irregular Galaxy or Peg DIG, a member of the Local Group of galaxies
 Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy or Pegasus II, a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy

Military operations
 Operation Pegasus, a World War II operation
 Capture of the Caen canal and Orne river bridges, a World War II operation involving the Pegasus Bridge in Normandy
 Pegasus Bridge, in Normandy, France, site of the 1944 operation
 Operation Pegasus (1968), a Vietnam War operation

Organizations

Businesses
 Pegasus Airlines, a Turkish airline
 Pegasus Networks, a former Australian Internet service provider, founded in 1989
 Pegasus Publications, a Canadian magazine publisher
 Pegasus Records, an offshoot of the UK 1970s B&C Records label
 Pegasus Software, a British manufacturer of accounting software
 Air Pegasus, an Indian regional airline, 2015–2016
 Pegasus Universal Aerospace, a South African aerospace startup

Other organizations
 Partnership of a European Group of Aeronautics and Space Universities, a network of aeronautical universities in Europe
 PEGASYS-TV, a public-access television station
 HMH-463 or Pegasus, a U.S. Marine helicopter squadron

People
 Pegasus (artist) (Chris Turner, born 1988)
 Plotius Pegasus, ancient Roman jurist of the Proculeian school who practiced law in the 1st century CE
 Chris Benoit (1967–2007), Canadian professional wrestler known as the Wild Pegasus

Sports
 Pegasus Athletic F.C., a 1971–1972 English football club
 Pegasus A.F.C., a 1948–1963 English amateur football club, based in Oxford
 Hereford Pegasus F.C., a football club based in Hereford, England
 Pegasus Cup, a rowing prize in the May Bumps, England
 Pegasus Stakes, an American horse race
 Hong Kong Pegasus FC, a Hong Kong football club

Technology

Computing

 Pegasus (console), a video game system
 Pegasus (spyware), multi-platform spyware created by the NSO Group based in Israel
 Pegasus (workflow management), an open-source workflow management system
 PEGASUS, an encryption algorithm
 Ferranti Pegasus, a British computer developed in the 1950s
 Pegasus Mail, an email client
 Windows CE, an operating-system developed under the code name "Pegasus"
 Open Pegasus, a Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) implementation

Vehicles and engines

Aircraft
 Aero Adventure Pegasus, a civil utility aircraft
 Boeing KC-46 Pegasus, U.S. Air Force refueling tanker
 HAI Pegasus, an unmanned aerial vehicle
 Howland H-3 Pegasus, ultralight aircraft
 Northrop Grumman X-47A Pegasus, a demonstration Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle
 Powrachute Pegasus, an American powered parachute design
 Pegasus VBJ, a VTOL business jet concept

Engines
 Bristol Pegasus, a radial aircraft engine
 Rolls-Royce Pegasus, a turbofan aircraft engine, originally manufactured by Bristol

Rockets and spacecraft
 Northrop Grumman Pegasus (Pegasus I), an air-launched rocket developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation
 Pegasus (satellite), three American satellites launched in 1965

Watercraft
 HMS Pegasus, the name of several British Royal Navy ships
 USS Pegasus, the name of two ships of the United States Navy
 Pegasus-class hydrofoil, a series of U.S. Navy patrol boats
 , the name of a paddle steamer which sank in 1843

Other vehicles
 Pegasus (hovercraft), a hovercraft vehicle made for educational purposes
 Pegasus Automobile, a Lotus Seven replica
 Great Wall Pegasus, a full-size SUV

Other technology
 SLWH Pegasus, a piece of artillery

Other uses
 Pegasus (fish), a genus of fish known as seamoths
 Pegasus (mascot), of the University of Central Florida
 Pegasus (train), an international overnight express train service between Switzerland and the Netherlands
 Pegasus (typeface), a typeface released in 1937 by Berthold Wolpe
 Pegasus Bridge, in Normandy, France
 Pegasus crossing, a type of street crossing
 Pegasus Field, an airstrip in Antarctica

See also
 Flying horses (disambiguation)
 Pegasus II (disambiguation)
 Pegasus Bay, New Zealand
 Pegasus Toroidal Experiment, a plasma physics experiment
 Peginterferon alfa-2a, an antiviral drug, sold under the name Pegasys
 Pegasus, New Zealand, a town
 Winged horse (disambiguation)

Pegasus (disambiguation)


Reedsville is the name of some places in the United States of America:
Reedsville, Ohio
Reedsville, Pennsylvania
Reedsville, West Virginia
Reedsville, Wisconsin

See also
Reidsville (disambiguation)

Reedsville


Richard-Wagner-Platz steht für:
 Richard-Wagner-Platz (Berlin)
 Richard-Wagner-Platz (Leipzig)
 Richard-Wagner-Platz (Nürnberg)
 Richard-Wagner-Platz (Wien)

 U-Bahnhof Richard-Wagner-Platz

Siehe auch:

 Richard-Wagner-Straße

Richard-Wagner-Platz


Anne Meinstrup eller Anne Henriksdatter Meinstorf. (1475 – 20. januar 1535) var en politisk aktiv adelskvinde og hofdame.

Hun var datter af rigsråd og landsommer Henrik Meinstrup (død 1496) og Margrethe Christiansdatter Daa (død 1497). Hun giftede sig med adelsmanden Holger Eriksen Rosenkrantz til Boller i 1491. Efter hans død i 1496 giftede hun sig igen i 1497 med Jørgen Ahlefeldt til Søgaard i Sønderjylland (død 1500). Hun blev gjort til overhofdame først for dronning Christine (gift med Hans af Danmark) i 1503 og i 1516 for den næste dronning, dronning Elisabeth, der var gift med Christian 2.

Hun adminstrerede Højstrup. Efter Dyveke Sigbrittsdatters død i 1517 blev hun erstattet som overhofdame på dronningens befaling af Dyvekes mor Sigbrit Willoms. Hun kritiserede forholdet mellem Christian 2. og Dyveke, og boede i eksil i Lübeck i 1517–23. I 1526–33 var hun igen overhofdame for dronningen, denne gang for dronning Sophie (gift med Frederik 1.).

Hun var en indflydelsesrig person i Danmark. I 1511 havde hun efter sigende en affære med en adelig ved hoffet. Under grevens fejde 1534–36 var hun allieret med Christoffer af Oldenburg, som tildelte hende Højstrup og Sæbygård i Løve Herred (1534). Hendes søn var på den anden side i fejden. Ved et offentligt landsting i Ringsted den 20. januar 1535 blev hun tilkaldt som en af de delegerede. Efter hendes tale blev hun lynchet af soldater i grevens følge.

Under krigen blev mordet på hende ofte brug som propaganda. Ved amnestiet i 1536 blev hendes mordere ekskluderet fra amnestiet og henrettet.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Hofdamer fra Danmark
Personer fra Grevens Fejde
Danskere i 1500-tallet

Anne Meinstrup


එක්සත් ජනපද නියෝජිත මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය යනු,   එක්සත් ජනපද කොංග‍්‍රස් මණ්ඩලයෙහි පහළ මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය වන අතර,  සෙනෙට් සභාව එහි  උත්තර මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය වෙයි. මෙම මණ්ඩල දෙක එක්ව,  එක්සත් ජනපදයෙහි ද්විමණ්ඩල ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකය තනයි.

මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයෙහි  සංයුතිය සංස්ථාපනය වනුයේ එක්සත් ජනපද ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාවෙහි පළමුවන වගන්තිය ප්‍රකාරව වෙයි.  කොංග්‍රස් මණඩලීය දිස්ත්‍රික්ක  සඳහාවූ ආසන වෙනුවෙන් පත්කෙරුනු  නියෝජිතයන් වෙතින් මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය සමන්විත වන අතර, එක් එක් ජනපද වෙනුවෙන් ආසන සංඛ්‍යාව වෙන්කර ඇත්තේ  එ.ජ. සංගණනයෙහිදී කල ගණනය කිරීම් අනුසාරයෙන් වන අතර, එක් දිස්ත්‍රික්කයක් වෙනුවෙන් එක් නියෝජිතයෙක් අනුයුක්ත වෙයි. 1789 වසරෙහිදී මෙම මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයෙහි ඇරඹුමෙහි සිටම, සියළු නියෝජිතයන් සෘජු ලෙසින් තේරී පත් කරනු ලැබිණි.

එක්සත් ජනපද නියෝජිත මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය


60006 Holgermandel este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
60006 Holgermandel este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul Starkenburg din Heppenheim. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,10 ua, o excentricitate de 0,17 și o înclinație de 17,2° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 60001-61000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

60006 Holgermandel


إذاعة أفغانستان الحرة خدمة إذاعية تبثها حكومة الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية لأفغانستان - امتداد لبرنامج إذاعة أوروبا الحرة الذي كان يُبث من براغ - وقد عملت هذه الإذاعة في فترتين مبتاعدتين الأولي من 1985 إلي 1993 وكانت تذيع مواد معادية للسوفيت لتشجيع المقاومة ضد الغزو السوفيتي لأفغانستان والثانية من 2002 بعد الغزو الأمريكي لأفغانستان في أكتوبر 2001 وحتى الآن لبث مواد تشجع التحول للحكومات الديمقراطية.

تبث الإذاعة 12 ساعة في اليوم بلغة الباشتو والداري وتصف مهمتها بمحاولة تعزيز ومساندة القيم الديمقراطية ومساندة المؤسسات بأفغانستان بواسطة نشر الأخبار والمعلومات الحقيقية.

حظر البث
في 1 ديسمبر 2022، قامت حكومة حركة طالبان بحظر بث الإذاعة إضافة لإذاعة «صوت أمريكا» وقال رئيس جهاز الرقابة على البث بوزارة الثقافة والإعلام، عبد الحق حمد، أن إذاعتي "آزادي" و"صوت أمريكا" بدأتا البث بعد الاحتلال الأمريكي، والآن تم حظرهما بسبب التغطية أحادية الجانب للأحداث وعدم الالتزام بأخلاقيات الصحافة.

مراجع

إذاعات أفغانستان
إعلام حكومي
تأسيسات سنة 2002 في أفغانستان
محطات إذاعية أسست في 2002
منظمات الدعاية الأمريكية
وسائل الإعلام في كابل

إذاعة أفغانستان الحرة


is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 61,503 in 24,352 households, and a population density of 2,854 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . Nagakute is a member of the World Health Organization's Alliance for Healthy Cities (AFHC).

Geography

Nagakute is located in the Owari Hills of central Aichi Prefecture, at an elevation of 43 to 184 meters, and is bordered by the metropolis of Nagoya to the west. Thirteen rivers flow through the city.

Climate
The city has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and relatively mild winters (Köppen climate classification Cfa).  The average annual temperature in Nagakute is 15.5 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1641 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.9 °C, and lowest in January, at around 4.0 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Nagakute has increased dramatically over the past 50 years.

Neighboring municipalities
Aichi Prefecture
Nagoya  (Moriyama-ku, Meitō-ku)
Toyota
Seto
Nisshin
Owariasahi

History

Middle Ages
During the Sengoku period, the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute was held in this vicinity.

Early modern period
During the Edo period area of modern Nagakute was part of the holdings of Owari Domain.

Late modern period
Nagakute Village was established within Aichi District on May 10, 1906, through the merger of the hamlets of Nagakute (different spelling as ), Kamigō and Yazako.

Contemporary history
Nagakute was elevated to town status on April 1, 1971.

Expo 2005 was a major boost to the local economy, and led to the construction of the Linimo, a commercial linear motor train, to connect the area with the Nagoya metropolis.

The Nagakute hostage incident occurred within the town limits on May 2007.

Nagakute was elevated to city status on January 4, 2012.

Government

Nagakute has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 18 members.
The city contributes one member to the Aichi Prefectural Assembly.
In terms of national politics, the city is part of Aichi District 7 of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

External relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

International
Sister cities
Waterloo (Walloon Brabant, Belgium)
since October 8, 1992

National
Friendship city
Nagiso (Nagano Prefecture, Chūbu region)
since October 21, 2006
Takarazuka (Hyōgo Prefecture, Kansai region)
since October 27, 2012

Economy

Secondary sector of the economy

Manufacturing
Due to its location, Nagakute's economy is centered around the automobile industry.
Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. is located in the city,  as is electrical systems manufacturer Nitto Kogyo.
Nagakute is also the head office of the Aichi Rapid Transit Co., Ltd., better known as the operator of the Linimo Maglev High Speed Surface Transport.

Education

University

 Aichi Prefectural University
 Aichi Prefectural University of Fine Arts and Music
 Aichi Medical University
 Aichi Shukutoku University

Primary education
Nagakute has six public elementary schools and three public junior high schools operated by the city government, and one public high school operated by the Aichi Prefectural Board of Education. There is also one private high school.

International Schools
International Christian Academy of Nagoya (closed)

Transportation

Railways

Conventional lines
 Linimo
Tōbu Kyūryō Line: -  –  –  –  –  –  -

Buses
 The Meitetsu Bus, which serves Nagakute and the surrounding municipalities, operates the  within the city limits.
 Nagakute is also served by the , which is a community bus owned by the city of Nagakute and operated by Meitetsu Bus.

Roads

Expressways
The , which is designated as a Regional High-Standard Highway, starts from Nagakute and funnels traffic in to the Tōmei Expressway, which passes through Nagakute has no interchange within city limits. However, the Nagoya Interchange, which serves the Tomei and Mei-Nikan Expressways, is close to city limits.

Local attractions
Toyota Automobile Museum
Meito Art Museum
Expo 2005 Site
Site of the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute
Ghibli Park

Notable people from Nagakute
 Shinta Fukushima, professional soccer player
 Mine Kawakami, pianist

References

External links

Cities in Aichi Prefecture

Nagakute


Das  (auch Portal Major de Graells oder Portal de Santa Maria) ist ein Stadttor in Cardona, einer spanischen Stadt in Katalonien, das im 14. Jahrhundert errichtet wurde. Das Stadttor ist seit 1988 ein geschütztes Baudenkmal.

Geschichte
Unter Ramon Folc VI. de Cardona wurden Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts die Mauern der Burg von Cardona und der Stadt verstärkt. Die Arbeiten waren 1420 abgeschlossen. Vier Haupttore führen in die Stadt, zur Puerta de Graells führen die Straßen aus Solsona, Sant Llorenç de Morunys und La Seu d'Urgell.

Beschreibung
Die Puerta de Graells, erstmals 1421 schriftlich erwähnt, besitzt als einziges der Haupttore zwei flankierende Türme, die auf rechteckigem Grundriss erbaut sind. Zwischen den beiden Türmen befindet sich eine bogenförmige Durchfahrt.

1984 wurde die Puerta de Graells unter der Leitung der Generalitat de Catalunya restauriert. In einem Turm wurden Museumsräume eingerichtet.

Weblinks

 Portal de Graells bei der Stadt Cardona (katalanisch, spanisch, englisch)

Kulturdenkmal in Cardona (Barcelona)
Stadttor in Spanien
Erbaut im 14. Jahrhundert
Bauwerk in der Provinz Barcelona

Portal de Graells


Zahiri mezhebi ya da Zâhiriye, bir İslâm dini fıkhı (İslâm hukuku) mezhebidir. İslâmî hükümleri Kur'ân ve sünnetin zâhirî (açık, görünen) mânâsına bakar. İbni Hazm, âyet ve hadislerin zahir, yani görünen mânâlarından başka hiçbir delili ve kıyası kabul etmezdi.

Kurucusu
Genel kabule göre kurucusu Dâvûd el-İsbehânî olan Zâhirî mezhebi, fıkıh ve İslam hukukunun tek kaynağının nasslar, yani Kur'an ve Sünnet, olduğunu iddia eder ve bunlar üzerinde yorum anlamına gelen re'yin mümkün olmayacağı görüşü üzerine kuruludur. Bu mezhep tüm re'y çeşitlerine karşı çıkar; kıyas, güzel görme (istihsan), genel fayda (mesalih-i mürsele) veya zararların önlenmesi (Sedd-i zerâyi') prensibini reddeder, delil olarak kabul etmez. Sadece nassı kabul eden Zâhirî mezhebi, hakkında nass bulunmayan konularda istishab denilen "mübah olmak" (ibahat-i asliye) prensibini uygular.

Mezhep âlimi olarak "İbn Hazm"

Zâhirî mezhebinin kurucusunun Dâvûd ez-Zâhirî olduğu kabul edilse de, mezhebin en büyük ve ünlü alimi İbn Hazm'dır. Dâvûd, İmam Şâfiî'nin öğrencilerinden ders almış ve İmam Şâfiî'den genel olarak oldukça etkilenmiştir. Bununla birlikte Zâhirîliğin fıkhı ile Şafiîliğin fıkhı birbirinden oldukça farklıdır; Dâvûd şeriatta re'yin söz konusu olmayacağının üstünde durmuştur. Dâvûd dönemin hadise ağırlık veren özelliklerinden de yararlanarak mezhebini yaymaya çalışmış fakat mezhebinin birçok konudaki farklı görüşleri sebebiyle birçok muhalif edinmiştir. Zâhirîliğin bu ilk yayılma döneminde aldığı tepkilerin temelinde Dâvûd'nin taklidi tamamen ve kesinlikle reddetmesidir. Herkesin içtihat etmesi fikrini doğuran bu görüş diğer birçok mezhep ve alimin görüşleriyle çelişir ve Zâhirîliğin birçokları tarafından eleştirilmesine sebep olur. Bununla birlikte Zâhirîlik yayılmaya devam etmiş, özellikle Hicri 3. ve 4. yüzyıllarda önemli bir yere gelmiştir; öyle ki Hanefîlik, Şafiîlik ve Malikîlik'ten sonra 4. büyük fıkıh Sünnî mezhebi konumuna gelmiş, sonradan Hanbelîliğin yükselişi ve diğer sebeplerden bu konumunu kaybetmiştir.

Endülüs'te yayılması

Bundan sonra Doğu'da gücünü kaybeden Zâhirîlik Batı'da, Endülüs'te yükselişe geçmiş, bu yükselişin de en önemli faktörü ve ismi İbn Hazm olmuştur. İbn Hazm da Zâhirîliğin fıkıh görüşünde re'ye yer olmadığını belirtmiş, genel olarak fıkıhta re'yin yer almaması için Kur'an'dan çeşitli ayetleri (örneğin En'am Suresi 38. ayeti), bazı hadisleri ve sahabe sözlerini delil olarak ortaya atmıştır.

İbn Hazm şer'i delillerin dört çeşit olduğunu öne sürer;
 birincisi Kur'an,
 ikincisi sahih ve mütevatir hadisler,
 üçüncüsü icma ve
 dördüncüsü de sadece bir ihtimali olan delillerdir.

Dördüncü şer'î delil türü olarak geçen delil kıyasa benzemekle birlikte kıyas değildir. Bu, Zahiriliğin ve İbn-u Hazm'ın diğer birçok mezhep ve fakihten ayrıldıkları noktadır: diğerlerine göre dördüncü şer'î delil kıyastır. Zaman zaman bu dördüncü şer'î delil çeşidi kıyasa benzemekle eleştirilmiş veya yorumlanmışsa da bu Zahiriliğe göre söz konusu olamaz, nitekim İbn-u Hazm da bunu reddetmiştir.

Hakkında hiçbir nassın bulunmadığı hususlarda İbn-u Hazm, bütün re'y çeşitlerini reddettiği için farklı bir yol seçer ve istishab ile ibahat-i asliyeyi, yani eşyanın aslında mübah oluşunu temel alır. Buna göre hakkında nass bulunmayan bir durumda karşıt bir nass ortaya çıkıncaya kadar durum mübah olarak ele alınır. Zâhirî mezhebi, İbn-u Hazm'ın ölümünden sonra da öğrencileri ve kitapları sayesinde yayılma fırsatı bulmuş, gerek Endülüs, gerekse de Doğu'da yayılmış, Muvahhidîler döneminde yaygınlığının doruğuna ulaşmıştır.

Dış okuma
 Zahiriye mezhebi, Prof. Dr. Hayrettin Karaman

Kaynakça ve notlar
 Muhammed Ebu Zehra, "İslam'da İtikadî-Siyasî ve Fıkhî Mezhepler Tarihi", Şura Yayınları, İstanbul.

Sünni mezhepler
Zahirilik
İslam dini fıkıh mezhepleri

Zahirilik


Stördorf er en by og en kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Wilstermarsch i den sydvestlige del af Kreis Steinburg. Kreis Steinburg ligger i den sydvestlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Stördorf ligger ved floden Stör fire kilometer øst for Wilster. Kommunen er delt i to, ved at kommunen Landrecht skyder en kile ind langs Wilsterau, til dens udløb i Stör. Bundesstraße B5 går gennem kommunen. Nær bebyggelsen Honigfleth står en stubmølle, der er vartegn for Wilstermarsken. Vandløbene Große Feldwettern og Kampritt Wettern løber gennem kommunens område.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens side på amtets websted
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2014 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Steinburg

Stördorf


Erythrochiton gymnanthus es una especie en peligro de extinción perteneciente a la familia de las rutáceas. Es nativa de los Neotrópicos.

Descripción
Erythrochiton gymnanthus es un arbusto o pequeño árbol que alcanza un tamaño de entre 1,5 y 6 metros de altura. Las ramas jóvenes son glabras. Cada rama lleva un penacho de hojas. Las hojas son alternas y unifoliadas de 14,5 a 36,4 centímetros de largo y entre 3,5 y 11 centímetros de ancho. Las hojas son obovadas u oblanceoladas, a veces estrecha. Son cuneadas y decurrentes en la base. La superficie es lisa con pecíolo de 0,5 a 3 cm. Las flores son blancas. La corola es de 4,5 a 6 centímetros de diámetro. El fruto es una cápsula que se forma por 4 a 5 carpelos glabros. El tiempo de floración es de abril a julio.

Distribución y hábitat

Erythrochtion gymnanthus es endémica  de Costa Rica , en particular de las regiones de Puntarenas y Alajuela y en el parque nacional Carara. Crece principalmente a una altitud de 20 a 100 metros en los bosques húmedos.

Taxonomía
Erythrochiton gymnanthus fue descrita  por  Jacquelyn Ann Kallunki  y publicado en Brittonia 44(2): 132–134, f. 6, en el año 1992.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Buscan generar conocimiento ecológico de especie amenazada
 A Revision of Erythrochiton Sensu Lato (Cuspariinae, Rutaceae)
 Especies de Costa Rica

Erythrochiton
Flora endémica de Costa Rica

Erythrochiton gymnanthus


Ioan I. Tănăsescu () a fost un general român care a luptat în cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial.

A absolvit Școala Militară de Ofițeri de artilerie în 1916. A fost înaintat la gradul de locotenent-colonel la 10 mai 1937 și la gradul de colonel la 10 mai 1941.

A fost decorat la 4 august 1945 cu Ordinul Militar "Mihai Viteazul" cu spade, clasa III, "pentru priceperea deosebită, curajul și inițiativa de care a dat dovadă în conducerea Diviziei sale pe câmpul de luptă, distingându-se în deosebi în luptele dela Nem-Pravno, cucerirea satului Tujnia și apoi a înălțimilor 8511, 974, 601, 701, 958 și 979 împreună cu localitatea Vrhovany, precum și în luptele
dela N. V. Zlin, unde determină retragerea inamicului pe care-l urmărește, spre Gradciani Brezno, Cremnice. De aceeași bravură a dat dovadă în luptele dela Lehotka unde prin o acțiune rapidă a reușit să zdobească rezistența dârză a inamicului". Generalul Ioan Tănăsescu a fost scos la pensie la data de 1.1.1946.

Decorații
  Ordinul "Steaua României" în gradul de ofițer (8 iunie 1940)
  Ordinul "Mihai Viteazul" cu spade, cl. a III-a (4 august 1945)

Note

Legături externe
  Generals.dk

Nașteri în 1893
Decese în 1947
Generali români din Al Doilea Război Mondial
Decorați cu Ordinul Steaua României
Decorați cu Ordinul "Mihai Viteazul"

Ioan Tănăsescu


120 de bătăi pe minut (în franceză: 120 Battements par minute) este un film dramatic din 2017 ce are ca temă homosexualitatea și răspândirea maladiei SIDA în Franța anilor '90.
Filmul este o critică la adresa societății bigote și ipocrite, a politicienilor indiferenți și a lăcomiei marilor companii farmaceutice. Pelicula a stârnit vii controverse încă din momentul lansării.

Premiera a avut loc la 20 mai 2017 în cadrul Festivalului de la Cannes.
În iulie 2017 filmul a fost nominalizat pentru Premiul LUX.

Subiectul
La începutul anilor 1990 s-a constatat că deja trecuseră zece ani de când maladia SIDA s-a răspândit în întreaga lume. Membrii asociației Act Up-Paris se mobilizează pentru a lupta împotriva indiferenței generale. Nathan, nou venit în asociație, este uimit de radicalitatea lui Sean. Thibault, liderul grupului, reușește, cu pragmatism, să mențină echilibrul și să obțină un fel de angajament din partea oficialilor și a unui lanț de farmacii.

Note

Filme din 2017
Filme în limba franceză
Filme dramatice din anii 2010
Filme dramatice franțuzești
Filme cu teme LGBT

120 de bătăi pe minut


Nacionalni muzej zrakoplovstva i astronautike (engleski: National Air and Space Museum, skr. NASM) je muzej na Nacionalnoj aleji (National Mall) u gradu Washingtonu kojim upravlja institut Smithsonian, jedna od najvažnijih američkih istraživačkih institucija, koja uključuje mnoge druge muzeje, kao što su: Nacionalni prirodoslovni muzej, Paviljon umjetnosti i industrije, i dr. NASM raspolaže najvećom svjetskom kolekcijom povijesnih zrakoplova i svemirskih letjelica, a gotovo svi izlošci su originalni povijesni primjerci ili su njihove identične kopije. On je također i istraživački centar koji prije svega posvećen povijesti i znanosti zrakoplovstva, astronautike, a bavi se i planetologijom, geologijom i geofizikom.

Osnovan je 1946. godine kao "Nacionalni muzej zrakopolovstva", a svoju glavnu zgradu je otvorio na tridesetogodišnjicu postojanja, 1976. godine. Površina zgrade iznosi oko 71.000 m², a kolekcija zauzima 14.970,9 m² izložbene površine.

Nacionalni muzej zrakoplovstva i astronautike je najpopularniji muzej Instituta Smithsonian, te je 2013. god. muzej posjetilo skoro 7 milijuna posjetitelja, po čemu je bio 2. po posjećenosti muzej u SAD-u i 4. najposjećeniji muzej na svijetu.

Povijest

Nacionalni muzej zrakoplovstva i astronautike se po osnutku, 12. kolovoza 1946. godine,  zvao Nacionalni muzej zrakoplovstva. Najstariji eksponati u njemu su skupina kineskih letjelica zmajeva koja potječe iz 1876. godine. Ovu kolekciju letjelica zmajeva muzej je dobio kao donaciju za prvu službenu svjetsku izložbu u Sjedinjenim državama, koja je održana u Philadelphiji (Centennial Exhibition). Naime, tajnik Smithsoniana, Spencer Fullerton Baird uvjerio je Kinesku kraljevsku komisiju kako bi prijevoz takve vrste eksponata u matičnu zemlju bio vrlo skup. Pored toga, među starije eksponate spada i Stringfellow parni stroj namijenjen za let koji potječe iz 1889. godine. Stringfellow parni stroj bio je prvi predmet koji je Smithsonian kupio za svoju kolekciju eksponata, danas poznatu kao NASM kolekcija.

Nakon osnutja muzeja nije postojala zgrada u kojoj bi se mogli izložiti svi eksponati, jer su mnogi primjerci dobiveni iz zbirke vojske i mornarice SAD-a, uključujući i domaće i zarobljene zrakoplove tijekom Prvog svjetskog rata. Neke letjelice su bile izložene u Zgradi umjetnosti i industrije, neke su sačuvane u Zgradi zrakoplova, poznatoj i kao Tin Shed (doslovno "Limena baraka"), ogromnom objektu od metala koji je imao privremenu funkciju, a nalazio se na južnoj strani dvorišta Smithsonovog dvorca (Prva zgrada Nacionalnog muzeja). Veći projektili i rakete su bili izloženi napolju, dok je veći dio kolekcije ostao u skladištu zbog nedostatka prostora za izlaganje.

Nova zgrada je otvorena na tridesetogodišnjicu postojanja, 1976. godine. Arhitekt Gyo Obata (tvrtka HOK) je zamislio zgradu muzeja u obliku četiri jednostavne kocke koje su izvana presvučene slojem mramora. Kocke su kao dijelovi zgrade povezane s tri prostrane čelično-staklene konstrukcije, kako bi se u njima mogli izložiti veliki eksponati poput raketa, svemirskih letjelica i zrakoplova. Zapadni dio zgrade djeluje poput divovskih staklenih vrata i koristi se za postavke velikih eksponata. Građevina ovog muzeja je slična zgradi Nacionalne galerije umjetnosti koja se također nalazi na Nacionalnoj aleji.

U ožujku 1994. godine, prilikom obilježavanja pedesetogodišnjice atomskog bombardiranja Japana pojavile su se svojevrsne kontoverze povezane s muzejom. Središnji dio izložbe bio je Enola Gay, bombarder B-29 koji je ispustio bombu "Little Boy" na japanski grad Hirošimu. Nakon pritisaka "Udruge zrakoplovnih snaga" (Air Force Association) i  "Udruge umirovljenih časnika" (The Retired Officers Association) kako je izložba i cijela institucija "nedomoljubna", ravnatelj Martin O. Harwit je radikalno reducirao izložbu, te je čak i umanjio broj američkih žrtava u ratu s Japanom za 75%. Zbog toga ga je Američki kongres primorao na ostavku u svibnju 1995. god. I pored radikalno umanjene izložbe, u roku od godinu dana posjetilo ju je više od milijun posjetitelja, što ju i danas čini najpopularnijom u povijesti muzeja.

Kolekcija

Muzejska zbirka, između ostalog, sadrži zapovjedni modul s misije Apollo 11, kapsula s misije Mercury-Atlas 6 u kojoj je letio John Glenn, Lindberghov Spirit of St. Louis, Bell X-1 koji je prvi probio zvučni zid, te Wright Flyer braće Wright u blizini ulaza.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Službene stranice muzeja
History of the NASM

Zrakoplovstvo
Astronautika
Muzeji u Washingtonu, D.C.
Tehnički muzeji


Thomandersia laurentii, manje drvo ili grm iz kišnih šuma Kameruna, Liberije, Nigerije, Obale Bjelokosti, Konga, Gabona i DR Konga.

Izvori

Thomandersia

Thomandersia laurentii


«GRRRR» es una pista instrumental del disc jockey y productor francés David Guetta. Es el primer sencillo del álbum recopilatorio Fuck Me I'm Famous - Ibiza Mix 2009 y también aparece en la edición deluxe del álbum One Love.

Formatos y remezclas

Posición en listas

Referencias

Sencillos de 2009
Sencillos de David Guetta
Sencillos de música electrónica

GRRRR


Leonardo Andres Iglesias (d. 28 Ağustos 1979, Lanús), Arjantinli eski futbolcudur.

Iglesias profesyonel kariyerine 1997'de, Arjantin 3. Ligi'nde Club Atlético Talleres de Remedios de Escalada kulübünde başladı. Gimnasia y Esgrima de Entre Ríos, San Martín de Mendoza, Godoy Cruz Antonio Tomba, Club Atlético Tigre ve A. M. S. y D. Atlético de Rafaela gibi Arjantin 2. Ligi'ndeki bazı kulüplerde kariyerine devam etti.

Iglesias, İspanya'da CD Logroñés, Burgos CF, Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa ve CM Peralta kulüplerinde, Uruguay'da ise Villa Española'da oynadı.Kayserispor formasını 3 sezon başarı ile giymiştir.2008-2009 Sezonunda MKE Ankaragücü'ne transfer olmuştur. 2009-2010 yılında Ankaragücünden Bursaspor'a transferi gerçekleşti. 2010 - 2011 sezonu öncesi Bursaspor tarafından serbest bırakıldı.

Kazandığı Başarılar

Kayserispor
 2007-2008 Türkiye Kupası Şampiyonluğu

Bursaspor
 2009-2010 Süper Lig Şampiyonluğu

Bireysel
 2007-2008 Türkiye Kupası Gol Kralı

Kaynakça

1979 doğumlular
Arjantinli futbolcular
Forvet futbolcular
CA Tigre futbolcuları
Kayserispor yabancı futbolcuları
MKE Ankaragücü GSK yabancı futbolcuları
Bursaspor yabancı futbolcuları
Arjantinli gurbetçi futbolcular
İspanya'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Uruguay'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Türkiye'deki gurbetçi futbolcular
İspanya'daki Arjantinli gurbetçiler
Uruguay'daki Arjantinli gurbetçiler
Türkiye'deki Arjantinli gurbetçiler
Süper Lig futbolcuları
AMSyD Atlético de Rafaela futbolcuları
CD Godoy Cruz Antonio Tomba futbolcuları
CA Talleres (Escalada) futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
Orta saha futbolcuları

Leonardo Iglesias


Die Papiermühle Sinsleben ist eine ehemalige Mühle an der Selke im Ermslebener Ortsteil Sinsleben.

Geschichte
Die Wassermühle gelangte 1838 in den Besitz von Friedrich Wilhelm Keferstein (* 1785), einem Cousin von Christian Keferstein. 1846 wurde die Mahlmühle zur Papiermühle umgebaut. 1912 bis 1924 gehörte die Mühle zu den Kartonpapierfabriken Groß Särchen. 1931 wurden die letzten Anlagen verkauft. Die Papiermühle wurde nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone zu einem Mineralmahlwerk umgewandelt, dort wurden Schleifscheibenreste aus der ganzen DDR angeliefert und recycelt. Auf dem Gelände auf der anderen Seite der Selke entstand ein Betonformteilewerk. Das Mineralmahlwerk hat aufgrund der Recyclingtechnik den Mauerfall überstanden. Dort werden auch weiterhin Schleifscheiben recycelt, aber auch Strahl- und Schneidsände aus aller Welt verkauft.
Seit 2004 gehört die Mineralmahlwerk GmbH zu der börsennotierten WGI Heavy Minerals Incorporated, die ihren Sitz in Amerika hat. Zu dieser Gruppe gehören auch ein Steinbruch in Emerald Creek und die Firma International Waterjet Parts Inc.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
Mineralmahlwerk GmbH

Sinsleben
Bauwerk in Falkenstein/Harz
Wassermühle im Landkreis Harz
Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Landkreis Harz)
Mühle in Europa
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Landkreis Harz)

Papiermühle Sinsleben


Sedini (sardisk: Sèddini) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Sassari i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 350 meters højde og har 1.339 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 40,51 km² og grænser til kommunerne Bulzi, Castelsardo, Laerru, Nulvi, Santa Maria Coghinas, Tergu og Valledoria.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Sassari

Sedini


Bulucbașă (din ) a fost un grad militar de ofițer otoman echivalent cu gradul de căpitan (vezi Gradele militare în Imperiul Otoman). Deținătorul lui comanda un buluc (în ), o subdiviziune a unui regiment. Acest grad era superior gradului de odabaș (în ), echivalentul gradului de locotenent.

Haiducii sârbi
Acest grad a fost adoptat de către haiducii sârbi și a fost folosit în cadrul Armatei Revoluționare Sârbe ca buljubaša (în ) sau buljukbaša (буљукбаша).

Persoane ca Janko Gagić, Arsenije Loma, Konda Bimbaša, Zeka Buljubaša, Veljko Petrović și Petar Dobrnjac au avut gradul de buljubaša în faza de pregătire sau în timpul Revoluției Sârbe.

Persoane notabile
 Rıza Tevfik Bölükbașı, filozof turc
 Zerrin Bölükbașı, sculptor turc
 Iliaș Colceag ( 1710-1743), militar moldovean
 Abdul Bölükbașı ( 1821), militar din Tripolița
 Yahya bey Dukagjini (1498-1582), militar albanez

Note

Cuvinte și expresii în limba turcă
Armata Imperiului Otoman

Bulucbașă


Frostbite es el motor gráfico desarrollado y empleado por EA Digital Illusions CE. Con el paso de los años, DICE ha ido evolucionando el motor desde el Frostbite 1.0 hasta el Frostbite 4 .

Versiones

Frostbite 1.0
Fue usado por primera vez en el Spin-Off de la reconocida saga del estudio "Battlefield" titulado Battlefield: Bad Company (2008). El motor presenta gran capacidad de destrucción de estructuras (aunque no totalmente destruibles). Además, el motor de sonido amplifica los sonidos del ambiente según su proximidad o intensidad (si el jugador se encuentra en un vehículo con la radio encendida y dispara con una ametralladora montada, el sonido de la ametralladora se sentirá con más intensidad que la misma radio). Esto también aplica si el jugador se encuentra dentro de un edificio y este se está siendo demolido, el motor ajustará el sonido de ambiente.

Frostbite 1.5
Bajo este motor se desarrollaron:
 Battlefield 1943
 Battlefield: Bad Company 2
 Medal of Honor 2010  (únicamente el modo Multijugador)
 Battlefield: Bad Company 2: Vietnam (A partir de 2010) Con este motor el juego presenta una mejor calidad en la destrucción de estructuras, pudiendo ahora ser derrumbadas en su totalidad.

Frostbite 2
Motor gráfico implementando en:

 Battlefield 3
 Need for Speed: The Run
 Medal of Honor: Warfighter
 Army of Two: The Devil's Cartel
 Command & Conquer: Generals 2

Este motor resalta imágenes a un nivel de resolución muy superior con respecto a las versiones anteriores, además de haber hecho cambios generales con las destrucciones y animaciones de los NPC.

Frostbite 3
Motor gráfico implementado en :
 Battlefield 1
 Battlefield V
 Need for Speed: Rivals
 Battlefield 4
 Mirror's Edge Catalyst
 Star Wars: Battlefront
 Dragon Age: Inquisition
 Plants vs. Zombies: Garden Warfare 2
 Battlefield Hardline
 Mass Effect: Andromeda
 Star Wars: Battlefront II
 FIFA 17
 FIFA 18
 FIFA 19
 FIFA 20
 FIFA 21
 FIFA 22
 FIFA 23
 EA Sports FC 24

El Frostbite 3 fue el motor de DICE para desarrollar en las consolas de la antigua generación generación PlayStation 4 y Xbox One y se confirmó por fuentes oficiales de EA y DICE que no funcionaba en el hardware de Wii U. En la actualidad sigue siendo utilizado para la nueva generación de consolas PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X y Series S y Nintendo Switch.

Algunas de sus principales características son: (Battlefield 4)

 Se aprovechará el 80% de la capacidad del Motor Gráfico (A diferencia de Battlefield 3 que solo usaba un 30%)
 Destrucción aumentada. Nuevo sistema "Destruction 4.0"
 Efectos climáticos con dinámica en tiempo real (Lluvia, Nieve, Tormentas de Arena, Niebla, entre otros) se podrán apreciar inesperadamente en medio de la partida.
 Una nueva tecnología de Teselado "Tessellation Technology" y novedades en el sistema de profundidad de campo "Depth Of Field" para una impresión más cinemática durante el desarrollo de la partida.

Juegos desarrollados bajo Frostbite Engine

Referencias

Motores de videojuegos
Electronic Arts
Software de 2008

Frostbite


Švošov este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Ružomberok din regiunea Žilina. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 820 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu Hubová, Komjatná, Žaškov și Stankovany.

Istoric
Localitatea Švošov este atestată documentar din 1551.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Švošov


Astraspis é um gênero de peixe que viveu durante o período Ordoviciano.

História de pesquisa
Um espécime bem preservado de Astraspis foi examinado e mostra oito branquias e uma cauda completa, estruturas nunca descritas em nenhum vertebrado do Ordoviciano. Uma reconstrução de Astraspis mostra que ele era um Craniata primitivo e não um Heterostraci como previamente pensado. Segundo estudos, Astraspis era parecido com Arandaspis e Sacabambaspis.

Referências

Animais do Ordoviciano
Peixes do Ordoviciano
Espécies fósseis descritas em 1892

Astraspis


Central Connecticut State University (Central Connecticut, CCSU, Central Connecticut State, or informally Central) is a public university in New Britain, Connecticut. Founded in 1849 as the State Normal School, CCSU is Connecticut's oldest publicly-funded university. It is made up of four schools: the Ammon College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences; the School of Business; the School of Education and Professional Studies; and the School of Engineering, Science, and Technology. As of Spring 2022, the university was attended by 8,898 students: 7,054 undergraduate students and 1,844 graduate students. More than half of students live off campus and 96 percent are Connecticut residents. The school is part of the Connecticut State Colleges & Universities system (CSCU), which also oversees Eastern, Western, and Southern Connecticut State Universities.

History

Central Connecticut State University was founded in 1849 as the State Normal School to train teachers. It was the sixth normal school in the United States and is the oldest public university in Connecticut. It ran until 1867 when the school was temporarily closed due to opposition in the Connecticut General Assembly. Two years later, the Normal School resumed its services and continued to do so until the 1930s. In 1933, the Connecticut General Assembly created the Teachers College of Connecticut and the first bachelor's degrees were granted. In 1922, the campus moved to its current location on Stanley Street. In Fall 2023, the university unveiled its new logo.

The school was again renamed in 1959, becoming the Central Connecticut State College.

In 1983, the school transitioned from a college to a regional university and thus became Central Connecticut State University. Organizational governance changed in 2011 when the Connecticut Department of Higher Education was dissolved and replaced by the Office of Higher Education and the Connecticut Board of Regents for Higher Education.

Academics
U.S. News & World Report for 2022 ranked the university tied #105 in Regional Universities North.

There are over 400 full-time faculty, 83% of whom possess the terminal degree in their field. Another 501 part-time instructors also teach at the university.

Graduate programs are in all of the academic schools. These include programs in accountancy, education, literature, international studies, engineering technology, and information technology. A number of doctoral degrees are also offered.

Student life

Facilities
Facilities include 10 academic halls, the Student Center, the Burritt Library, and numerous laboratories. Computer labs are available throughout campus, the largest of which is located in Marcus White Hall. Dining facilities are located in Memorial Hall, Hilltop Dining Center, and the Student Center. Additional computers and laboratories are spread across all of the academic halls. Welte Hall, Maloney Hall, and the Student Center function as large gathering areas for events, music performances, and theater productions. Welte contains the main auditorium and Kaiser Hall houses the main gymnasium, and houses an Olympic-size pool. Fitness classes are freely available to students in Memorial Hall and fitness equipment is provided in four locations across campus through RECentral.

Administrative offices, including Admissions, the Registrar, and Financial Aid are located in Davidson Hall. New building projects have expanded liberal arts classroom space and made significant upgrades to all sports facilities.

Residence halls and commuters
Residence halls can accommodate up to 2,500 students in nine residence halls in two quads, which are split between the north and south ends of campus.

Recent projects
A new eight-story residence hall (Mid Campus Residence Hall) opened for occupancy in the Fall of 2015. The $82 million dorm features "suite" style rooms, in addition to a 2,000 square foot fitness facility, a kitchen on each floor, and a server kitchen and main lounge with a fireplace on the main floor. The Office of Residence Life is located on the first floor of the new facility.

During the past several years, the new $37-million Social Sciences Hall, 4,300-square-foot Bichum Engineering Laboratory, and 12,500-square-foot Campus Police Station opened. In 2011, the first floor of the Elihu Burritt Library was renovated to create a new common area with seating, couches, computers, and food vendors. Arute Field and its adjacent practice and baseball fields also underwent extensive construction and renovation from 2010 through the present, including new football, soccer, track, and practice field turf. New football, track, and soccer stadium seating were added, as well as construction on the Balf–Savin baseball field.

Athletics

The university's athletic teams are known as the Blue Devils. Their mascot was originally named Victor E, but was changed to Kizer in 2011 after unveiling a new logo. Central Connecticut State participates in NCAA at the Division I (Football Championship Subdivision football) level as a member of the Northeast Conference. The university fields 18 varsity sports, eight men's sports: baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, soccer, as well as indoor and outdoor track & field; and ten women's sports: basketball, cross country, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming, indoor and outdoor track & field, and volleyball.

Notable alumni

Athletes and coaches
 Steve Addazio – college football coach
 Al Bagnoli – college football coach
 Ricky Bottalico – professional baseball player and sports journalist
 Dave Campo – professional football coach
 Joe Costello – professional football player
 Ryan Costello – professional baseball player
 Jake Dolegala – professional football player
 Justise Hairston – professional football player
 John Hirschbeck – Major League Baseball umpire
 Skip Jutze – professional baseball player
 Scott Pioli – NFL Executive;  3× PFWA Executive of the Year (2003, 2007, 2010)
 Rich Ranglin – professional football player
 Evan Scribner – professional baseball player
 Mike Sherman – college and professional football coach
 John Skladany – college football coach
 Bob Zuffelato – professional basketball coach

Entertainers
 William Berloni – animal behaviorist known for training of animals for stage, film, and television
 Erin Brady – Miss Connecticut USA 2013, Miss USA 2013
 Richard Grieco – actor, 21 Jump Street, Booker
 Kenny Johnson – actor, The Shield, Sons of Anarchy
 Jimmy "Jomboy" O'Brien – sports media personality and podcaster
 Colleen Ward – Miss Connecticut 2015, contestant in 2015 Miss America pageant

Public servants
 Ebenezer D. Bassett – first U.S. African-American ambassador (to Haiti), appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1869
 Miguel Cardona – Education Commissioner of Connecticut (2019-2021); United States Secretary of Education (2021-present)
 Walter Eli Clark – last Governor of the District of Alaska and first Governor of the Alaska Territory, appointed by President William Howard Taft on May 18, 1909
 Carmen E. Espinosa – Justice of Connecticut Supreme Court, 2013–2021
 Bruce Hyer – Member of Canadian Parliament (2008–2015)
 Michael J. Ingelido – WWII fighter pilot, Distinguished Service Cross recipient, Air Force Major General (1960s)
 John Larson – Congressman (D-CT) (1999–present); former Connecticut Senate President
 Frances P. Mainella – 16th Director (2001–2006) of National Park Service
 Francis M. Mullen – head of U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (1981–1985)
 Maria L. Sanford – educator (1870), has statue in Capitol's National Statuary Hall Collection for the state of Minnesota; namesake of Liberty ship, launched in 1943, SS Maria Sanford
 Erin Stewart – Mayor of New Britain (2013–present), youngest-serving female mayor in U.S.

Other
 Justice Ofei Akrofi – Archbishop, Church of the Province of West Africa
 Frederic Beecher Perkins – editor, librarian and writer
 C.J. Stevens - Author of over 30 books
 Theodore Stowell – president of Bryant University, 1878–1916
 Eliza Talcott – missionary to Japan and founder of Kobe College

See also
Charter Oak State College is located across the street from Central Connecticut State University.
The University of Connecticut is the largest public university in the state.

Notes

References

Herbert E. Fowler, A Century of Teacher Education in Connecticut, New Britain CT: Teachers College of Connecticut, 1949.

External links

 Blue Devils Athletics

Public universities and colleges in Connecticut
Educational institutions established in 1849
Buildings and structures in New Britain, Connecticut
Copernican
Universities and colleges in Hartford County, Connecticut
1849 establishments in Connecticut

Central Connecticut State University


An Eriocaulon celebicum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Pieter van Royen. An Eriocaulon celebicum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eriocaulon, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Sulawesi. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eriocaulon

Eriocaulon celebicum


Le XLR-43-NA-1, aussi appelé NA-704 Mark III, NAA 75-65 ou 75K, est un moteur-fusée à ergols liquides produit par Rocketdyne, à l'époque une filiale de North American Aviation (NAA), dans les années 1940-50 pour équiper les missiles balistiques Navaho. Il dérive du moteur-fusée XLR-41-NA-1, une copie américaine du moteur-fusée Modèle 39 du V2. Le XLR-43-NA-1 donnera naissance quelque temps plus tard au NAA Rocketdyne 75-110 A, équipant les fusées de la famille Redstone.

Histoire
La North American Aviation (NAA) a commencé à expérimenter des moteurs-fusées en 1946, tirant des fusées dans le parking de l'entreprise et protégeant les voitures en garant un bulldozer devant les moteurs pour protéger les voitures. Ils ont d'abord utilisé une conception de  d'Aerojet, puis ont conçu leur propre modèle de . Au printemps 1946, les données allemandes récupérées ont été diffusées dans l'industrie. En juin 1946, l'équipe décida d'abandonner ses propres conceptions et de construire un nouveau moteur basé sur le moteur-fusée Modèle 39 du V-2 allemand.

Phase I – Essais sur des moteurs V-2 allemands

En , William Bollay, le chef de branche pour le développement des turboréacteurs au Bureau de l'aéronautique de la Marine, a proposé à la NAA de mettre à neuf et de tester des moteurs Modèle 39 de V-2 complets, qui seraient fournis par le gouvernement. À la fin de 1946, deux moteurs Modèle 39 fournis sont arrivés à la NAA. Ces moteurs ont été mis en fonctionnement pendant 64 secondes, les ergols ayant été simulés par de l'eau. Ils reçurent la désignation Mark I.

Phase II – Moteurs V-2 de fabrication américaine

Le Modèle 39 a été adapté pour respecter les normes américaines, sur principalement les matériaux utilisés, les dimensions et la taille des raccords des tuyaux. Il reçut la désignation XLR-41-NA-1, Mark II, XLR faisant référence à eXperimental Liquid Rocket et NA signifiant North Aviation, un système de désignation utilisé par l'US Air Force.

Phase III – Nouveau type de moteur
Au cours de cette période, la société a reçu un certain nombre de rapports de fin de guerre sur les développements d'un moteur modèle 39a pour le V-2, qui a remplacé les 18 chambres de combustion séparées du modèle d'origine par une seule plaque de « pomme de douche » à l'intérieur d'une seule chambre plus grande. Cela a non seulement simplifié la conception, mais également l'a rendu plus léger et avec des performances améliorées. Les Allemands n'ont jamais pu faire fonctionner cela en raison de l'instabilité de la combustion et ont continué à utiliser la conception antérieure malgré des performances inférieures.

L'équipe qui avait conçu le moteur était maintenant aux États-Unis après avoir été capturée dans le cadre de l'opération Paperclip. Beaucoup d'entre eux mettaient en place un nouvel effort de recherche financé par l'armée sous la direction de Wernher von Braun. La société a embauché Dieter Huzel pour agir en tant que coordinateur entre la NAA et l'équipe de missiles de l'armée. En , la société a commencé la conception d'un moteur incorporant le design de la « pomme de douche », qu'elle a appelé le Mark III. Initialement, l'objectif était d'égaler la poussée de  () du Modèle 39, mais d'être 15 % plus léger. Il utilisait toujours un mélange de 75 % d'alcool éthylique et 25 % d'eau pour le carburant et de l'oxygène liquide pour l'oxydant.

Les travaux sur le Mark II se sont poursuivis et la conception détaillée a été achevée en . En , la société a loué un grand terrain dans l'ouest de la vallée de San Fernando au nord de Los Angeles, dans les montagnes de Santa Susana, pour tester de gros moteurs. Un centre d'essai de fusées a été construit ici, utilisant 1 million de dollars (équivalent à 12 millions en 2020) de fonds d'entreprise et 1,5 million de dollars (équivalent à 17,4 dollars en 2020) de l'USAAF. Les premières pièces ont commencé à arriver en septembre. Le développement du Mark III s'est déroulé en parallèle en utilisant une version réduite développant une force de  () qui pouvait être tirée dans le parking.

Fin , la première version du moteur était prête à être testée. En , ce moteur dépasse sa puissance nominale de 333 kN pendant près de quatre secondes et demie. En  et , les tests à puissance maximale supérieurs à une minute se sont bien passés. Les ingénieurs ont apporté une série de modifications et cela a finalement résolu les problèmes de combustion.

En  a lieu le test de la première version du moteur-fusée avec une puissance maximale de .

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Moteur-fusée des États-Unis
Moteur-fusée à propergol LOX–Éthanol

XLR-43-NA-1


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Liam John Neeson (d. 7 Haziran 1952; Ballymena) Britanya İmparatorluğu Nişanı'na sahip Akademi Ödüllü adayı ve İrlandalı sinema oyuncusu. En bilinen rolü Schindler'in Listesi filmindeki Oscar Schindler rolüdür. 1993 Schindler'in Listesi filmindeki En İyi Erkek Oyuncu Akademi Ödülüna aday gösterilmiştir. Ailesel sebeplerden ötürü James Bond rolü teklifini geri çevirmiştir.

Gençliği
Liam Neeson, Kuzey İrlanda'da, Antrim Kontluğunda, Ballymena'da, Katherine "Kitty" Neeson (evlilik öncesi soyadı Brown) adlı bir aşçının ve Bernard "Barney" Neeson isimli Ballymena Boys All Saints İlköğretim Okulu'nda bir bekçinin oğlu olarak doğdu. Roma Katolik: (Commentary;"Hollywood superstar Liam Neeson has told how he grew up in a religious Catholic background untouched by the Troubles.") olarak büyüdü ve yerel rahib tarafından ismi Liam'' olarak konuldu. Liam Neeson'nın Elizabeth, Vernadette ve Rosaline isimli Dört çocuklu bir ailenin üçüncüsü olarak, üç kız kardeşi vardır. Dokuz yaşındayken, All Saints Gençlik Kulübü'nde boks derslerine başladı ve daha sonra Ulster amatör kıdemli boks şampiyonu oldu. ilk kez 11 yaşındayken sahneye çıktı. Neeson, İngilizce öğretmeninin bir okul oyununda kendisine başrol teklifinden sonra, o andan itibaren sonraki yıllarda okul yapımlarında oyunculuk yaptı.

1971 yılında, Liam Neeson Guinness Brewery için çalışmaya ayrılmadan önce, Kuzey İrlanda'daki Belfast Queen Universitesine fizik ve bilgisayar bilimleri öğrencisi olarak girdi.

Liam Neeson, Bohemian FC takımında Seán Thomas tarafından fark edildi futbol'daki yeteneği keşfedildi ve orada Dublin'de bir kulüb'te denendi ve Shamrock Rovers FC takımına karşı bir alternatif olarak bir oyun oynadı ama kendisine bir sözleşme teklif edilmedi.

Üniversiteden ayrıldıktan sonra, memleketi Ballymena'ya geri döndü ve kamyon sürücülüğü gibi çeşitli gündelik işlerde çalıştı. Memleketine dönmeden önce, Newcastle upon Tyne'da iki yıl öğretmen eğitimi için üniversiteye gitti.

Filmografi

Film

Tv dizileri

Video oyunları

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 IMDb Sayfasi

Yaşayan insanlar
1952 doğumlular
20. yüzyılda Kuzey İrlandalı erkek oyuncular
21. yüzyılda Kuzey İrlandalı erkek oyuncular
İrlandalı erkek dizi oyuncuları
İrlandalı erkek sinema oyuncuları
Sesli kitap anlatıcıları
En İyi Erkek Oyuncu Volpi Kupası sahipleri
En İyi Erkek Oyuncu Chicago Sinema Eleştirmenleri Derneği Ödülü sahipleri
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki Kuzey İrlandalı gutbetçiler
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri vatandaşlığına kabul edilenler
Britanya İmparatorluk Nişanı subayları
Queen's University Belfast'ta öğrenim görenler

Liam Neeson


Le ligament thyro-hyoïdien latéral est un épaississement de la membrane thyro-hyoïdienne.

Il relie la grande corne de l'os hyoïde à la corne supérieure du cartilage thyroïde.

La branche interne du nerf laryngé supérieur est latérale à ce ligament.

Cartilage triticé
Un petit nodule cartilagineux, parfois osseux, est fréquemment retrouvé au niveau du ligament thyro-hyoïdien latéral : le cartilage triticé.

Notes et références

thyro-hyoïdien latéral
Tête et cou humains

Ligament thyro-hyoïdien latéral


La neurodegeneración asociada a pantotenato quinasa (PKAN en inglés), también conocida como neurodegeneración por acumulación de hierro tipo 1 y anteriormente llamada síndrome de Hallervorden-Spatz (epónimo en desuso debido a que los doctores Julius Hallervorden y Hugo Spatz, afiliados al régimen nazi, ocuparon métodos éticamente desaprobables para lograr la autopsia de los pacientes), es una neurodegeneración que genera una enfermedad degenerativa del cerebro que conduce a parkinsonismo, distonía, demencia y finalmente la muerte. La neurodegeneración es acompañada por el exceso de hierro que progresivamente va saturando al tejido cerebral. Es además una de las cuatro enfermedades denominadas neuroacantocitosis.

Características
La enfermedad de Hallevorden Spaatz es una patología neurológica caracterizada, entre otra semiología, por el acúmulo de hierro en las células nerviosas formando unas intensas imágenes que anatomopatológicamente se describen como "ojo de tigre". Es una enfermedad poco frecuente que se estudia junto con la enfermedad de Marchiafava Bignami (EMB) (muy frecuente en personas que beben mucho vino, descrita en Italia) y la panencefalitis esclerosante subaguda, que se ha relacionado con diversos agentes etiológicos como la infección previa por el virus de sarampión o la leucoencefalitis multifocal progresiva, que se ha descrito en pacientes VIH +.

A esta enfermedad de Hallevorden Spaatz se le quería cambiar el nombre, porque fue descubierta por científicos filo nazis o de proximidad ideológica a los regímenes totalitarios que gobernaron Alemania de 1933 a 1945.

Síntomas
Los síntomas típicamente comienzan en la infancia y son de carácter progresivos, con frecuencia resultando en la muerte durante la adultez. Los síntomas de la PKAN comienzan generalmente antes de los 10 años e incluyen:
 Distonía
 Disfagia y disartria
 Rigidez de los miembros
 Temblor
 Demencia
 Espasticidad
 Debilidad
 Convulsiones
 Retinitis pigmentosa

Debido a la degeneración neurológica, la PKAN conduce rápidamente a la inmovilidad y la muerte. Dentro de las complicaciones puede existir, neumonías, escaras y osteoporosis secundarias a la inmovilidad.

Tratamiento
No existe una terapia que permita solucionar el defecto genético de la enfermedad. La enfermedad se trata sintomáticamente según las complicaciones y síntomas de la patología. Los agentes quelantes de hierro han sido usados teniendo algo de éxito en retrasar la evolución natural de la enfermedad. Se han hecho estudios con respecto al consumo de vitaminas incluyendo pantotenato, coenzima Q y otros antioxidantes, mas no existe evidencia científica suficiente para avalar su uso.

Las actuales investigaciones se centran en el posible uso de dosis altas de pantotenato, el sustrato de la enzima PANK2, para poder aliviar los síntomas, además del desarrollo de nuevos quelantes de hierro que permitan ayudar a limpiar y mantener el sistema nervioso central sano.

Ayuda a afectados
Hay grupos bien establecidos en EE. UU., Alemania, España, Italia, Francia, Canadá, Suiza y Holanda. Estas asociaciones de pacientes están aglutinadas bajo una alianza internacional llamada NBIA Alliance.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Asociación española ENACH Asociación
 NBIA Disorders Association

Síndromes
Trastornos extrapiramidales y del movimiento
Enfermedades raras
Errores congénitos del metabolismo
Vitaminas
Coenzimas
Enfermedades degenerativas

Neurodegeneración asociada a pantotenato quinasa


Den Skotske Liga Cup, i øjeblikket kendt som Betfred Cup på grund af sponsorere, er en fodboldturnering der er åben for alle Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) klubber. Konkurrencen var et rent knockout-format, men blev en gruppe-og knockout-turnering fra 2016-17.

Rangers har vundet turneringen 27 gange, hvilket er rekord. Celtic er de nuværende mestre, efter at de slog Motherwell 2-0 på Hampden Park den 26. November 2017.

I øjeblikket er det indenlandske tv-rettigheder tilhørende BT Sport, der erstattede BBC Skotland fra 2016-17-udgaven.

Historie
Turneringen har sin oprindelse i en regional cup-konkurrence, der kaldes Southern League Cup, som blev indført i 1940, da krigstidens restriktioner førte til en opløsning af den Skotske Cup. Denne turnering var i høj grad regionalt og inddrog ikke alle de hold, der var en del af Skotske Liga forud for krigens udbrud. Den første officielle Skotske Liga Cup blev gennemført i løbet af 1946-47 sæson, da Rangers besejrede Aberdeen i finalen.

Turneringen var meget populær hos tilhængere i løbet af de første par årtier af sin tilværelse. Turneringen bestod af 8 eller 9 grupper, bestående af 4 eller 5 hold. De grupper, der blev seedet i 2 sæt med top 16 hold i Division 1 der dermed lavede de første fire Grupper. Dette sikrede, at 4 'top' hold vil spille mod 4 'mindre' hold i kvartfinalerne.

Ekstra kampe, da Premier League blev dannet og udvidedet europæiske turneringer betød, at ved begyndelsen af 1980'erne, dens langvarige format, der involverede gruppekampe tidligt på sæsonen, med efterfølgende knock-out runder over to kampe, der ligner den moderne UEFA Champions League, tiltrak sig megen kritik. I midten af 1980'erne blev turneringen moderniseret til en kortere knock-out stil med en finale, der spilles før jul, hvilket skabte spænding i en cup-finale tidligt i sæsonen.

I løbet af 1999-2000 konkurrence, den semi-finalen og finalen blev flyttet til foråret, for at undgå overbelastning af kampe, der er forårsaget af de tidlige runder af UEFA's klubturneringer og Skotlands repræsentanter i Europa fik automatisk plads i tredje runde af konkurrencen.

Sponsorering
Liga Cup har været kendt under forskellige navne på grund af sponsorering:

Trofæ
Siden turneringens begyndelse, har det vindende hold altid været tildelt den berømte tre-håndtagstrofæ, blot kendt som den Skotske Liga Cup. Men i løbet af 1980'erne, da Skol lager sponsorerede turneringen, blev et andet trofæ kendt blot som "Skol Cup" uddelt samtidige med det oprindelige trofæ. I 1987-88 da Rangers vandt deres tredje Skol Cup, fik de det til permanent besiddelse, og en ny "Skol Cup" med et lidt anderledes design blev introduceret den følgende sæson.

Noter

Referencer

Scottish Football League

Skotske Liga Cup


هناك مقالة أخرى عن قرية بشنين في محافظة حماة.

بشنين هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء زغرتا في محافظة الشمال.

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في محافظة لبنان الشمالي
تجمعات مارونية في لبنان
قرى لبنان
قضاء زغرتا

بشنين (لبنان)


Ruralna cjelina Mala Rudina, ruralna cjelina zaseoka Male Rudine (Molo Rudina), dio sela Rudine, Grad Stari Grad, otok Hvar.

Opis
Nastala je od 18. do 20. stoljeća. Mala Rudina ili Rudina Šoljanova (po prezimenu prvih stanovnika naselja) smještena je na visoravni sjeverno od Staroga Grada, formirala se uz put koji se izvan sela račva prema istoku, odnosno uvalama na sjevernoj strani i prema zapadu, odnosno pašnjacima na poluotoku Kabal. Na južnom ulazu su dva naplova za vodu s cisternama. Uz dvije bočne ulice s glavnim putem formiran je omanji trg na kojem je mlin za masline, dva tijeska za grožđe i zidani stup koji završava feralom. Kuće su stambeno-gospodarske katnice, gdje se stambenom dijelu pristupa preko vanjskog stubišta, ponekad natkrivenih pregolom, odrinom. Prepoznatljivo obilježje tradicijske gradnje sela je način prikupljanja vode na nekoliko kuća: od strehe, dijagonalno duž zidova, postavljene su konzole na kojima su kamene ploče koje nose kupe kanalice kojima se voda spušta u gustirne. U Maloj Rudini iznimno dobro je očuvana tradicijska arhitektura i organizacija prostora, a ambijentalnu kvalitetu posebno pojačava hortikulturalni element (vrtovi unutar i oko naselja ograđeni suhozidom) ruralne sredine.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom P-5161 bila je zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - kulturno-povijesna cjelina, pravna statusa preventivno zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "kulturno-povijesna cjelina". Status zaštićenog kulturnog dobra, klasifikacije kao "ruralna cjelina" dobila je pod oznakom Z-7369.

Izvori

Zaštićene ruralne cjeline u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Hvar

Mala Rudina (ruralna cjelina)


Mariama Bâ (April 17, 1929 – August 17, 1981) was a Senegalese author and feminist, whose two French-language novels were both translated into more than a dozen languages. Born in Dakar, she was raised a Muslim.

Her frustration with the fate of African women is expressed in her first novel, Une si longue lettre (1979; translated into English as So Long a Letter). In this semi-autobiographical epistolary work, Bâ depicts the sorrow and resignation of a woman who must share the mourning for her late husband with his second, younger wife. This short book was awarded the first Noma Award for Publishing in Africa in 1980.

Biography
Bâ was born in Dakar, Senegal, in 1929, into an educated and well-to-do Senegalese family of Lebu ethnicity. Her father was a career civil servant who became one of the first ministers of state. He was the Minister of Health in 1956 while her grandfather was an interpreter in the French occupation regime. After her mother's death, Bâ was largely raised in the traditional manner by her maternal grandparents. She received her early education in French, while at the same time attending Koranic school.

Bâ was a prominent law student at school. During the colonial revolution period and later, girls faced numerous obstacles when they wanted to have a higher education. Bâ's grandparents did not plan to educate her beyond primary school. However, her father's insistence on giving her an opportunity to continue her studies eventually persuaded them.

In a teacher training college based in Rufisque (a suburb in Dakar), she won the first prize in the entrance examination and entered the École Normale. In this institution, she was prepared for later career as a school teacher. The school's principal began to prepare her for the 1943 entrance examination to a teaching career after he noticed Bâ's intellect and capacity. She taught from 1947 to 1959, before transferring to the Regional Inspectorate of teaching as an educational inspector.

Bâ was married three times and had nine children; her third and longest marriage was to a Senegalese member of Parliament, Obèye Diop, but they divorced.

Bâ died in 1981 after a protracted illness, before the publication of her second novel, Un Chant écarlate (Scarlet Song), which is a love story between two star-crossed lovers from different ethical backgrounds fighting the tyranny of tradition.

Work
Bâ wrote two books: So Long a Letter (1979) and Scarlet Song (1981), in addition to "La fonction politique des littératures Africaines écrites" (The Political Function of African Written Literature), an article published in 1981.

So Long a Letter

In 1980, Une si longue lettre, translated as So Long a Letter, was awarded the first Noma Award for Publishing in Africa. In this book, the author recognized the immense contributions African women have made and continue to make in the building of their societies.

The book is written in the form of a letter, or a diary, from a widow, Ramatoulaye, to her childhood girlfriend, Aissatou, who lives in the United States. Nafissatou Niang Diallo (1941–1982), who started her works in the 1970s, was a mirror for Mariama Bâ, whose leading role was a strong-minded character. Moreover, she found support, friendship and values from female confidence, unity and harmony. The discriminatory use of power forces Ramatoulaye to deal with its consequences. This discriminatory power is what is in the novel a form of male domination coming from society's construction of a patriarchal ideology. Because Ramatoulaye is a woman, she has little power in determining her own destiny, but Aissatou rejects this notion and chooses her own life without being denied a life of her own by her husband Mawdo.

Scarlet Song
Scarlet Song (1981) also gained international attention. This book deals with the critically urgent need for women to create "empowered" spaces for themselves, meaning, women need to create a space where they are not considered the "weaker sex". Scarlet Song is about a marriage between a European woman and an African man. Mireille, whose father is a French diplomat, marries Ousmane, son of a poor Senegalese Muslim family. Moving back from Paris to Senegal, Ousmane once again adopts his traditions and customs. But, as an occidental, Mireille cannot handle this kind of life, especially when Ousmane takes a second wife. However, Senegal has a polygamous society and in their religion it is acceptable but Mireille did not accept it. She suffers the marriage. Most notably, the book criticizes the tyranny of tradition and expounds upon the despair of cross-cultural marriages.

"La Fonction politique des littératures africaines écrites"
In this article from 1981, Mariama Bâ states that every African woman should be proud of her strength and accomplishments. She believes that each woman contributes to Africa's development and participates in Africa's growth.

Feminism and politics
Bâ neither accepted the label "feminist", which for her was too loaded with Western values, nor agreed with the traditional Senegalese Muslim values for women. According to Rizwana Habib Latha, the character of Ramatoulaye in So Long a Letter does portray a kind of womanism, and Bâ herself saw an important role for African women writers: The woman writer in Africa has a special task. She has to present the position of women in Africa in all its aspects. There is still so much injustice. . . . In the family, in the institutions, in society, in the street, in political organizations, discrimination reigns supreme. . . . As women, we must work for our own future, we must overthrow the status quo which harms us and we must no longer submit to it. Like men, we must use literature as a non-violent but effective weapon.

Legacy
A biography of Bâ was published in Dakar in 2007: Mariama Bâ ou les allées d'un destin by her daughter, Mame Coumba Ndiaye, was praised by Jean-Marie Volet as "a fascinating, considerate and enlightening" book.

Mariama Bâ Boarding School (Maison d'Education Mariama Bâ)
The Mariama Bâ Boarding School is a top boarding school on Gorée, an island in Senegal. It was founded in 1977 by Leopold Sedar Senghor, first president of Senegal. The school was named after Mariama Bâ because of what she stood for, spoke and wrote about. It admits young women who obtained the highest scores during the national secondary school entry exam. Each year, about 25 female students from the 11 regions of Senegal, are given the opportunity to attend Mariama Bâ boarding school for the rest of their high school years. The curriculum is similar to secondary education in France in that it has seven levels, and students finish with their baccalaureat. In 2009, Jana Films, a Spanish production company, filmed a documentary about the school, directed by Ana Rodríguez Rosell.

Bibliography

 Une si longue lettre (Dakar: Les Nouvelles Éditions Africaines, 1979). So Long a Letter, trans. Modupé Bodé-Thomas (Heinemann, 1981; Virago, 1982; Waveland Press, 2012)
 Un Chant écarlate (Dakar: Les Nouvelles Éditions Africaines, 1981). Scarlet Song, trans. Dorothy S. Blair (Longman, 1985)
"La fonction politique des littératures africaines écrites", in Écriture Française dans le monde, 5(3), 1981, pp. 3-7

Further reading
 Curry, Ginette. Awakening African Women: The Dynamics of Change. London: Cambridge Scholars Press, January 4, 2004.
 Ada Uzoamaka Azodo (ed.), Emerging Perspectives on Mariama Bâ: Postcolonialism, Feminism, and Postmodernism, Africa World Press (2003), .
 George, Joseph, "African Literature" ch. 12 of Understanding Contemporary Africa, April A. Gordon and Donald L. Gordon, Lynne Rienner, London, 1996, .
 Laura Charlotte Kempen, Mariama Bâ, Rigoberta Menchú, and Postcolonial Feminism, Peter Lang Publishing (2001), .

References

1929 births
1981 deaths
Senegalese feminists
Feminist writers
People of French West Africa
Senegalese women novelists
20th-century novelists
20th-century women writers
Senegalese novelists
20th-century Senegalese writers

Mariama Bâ


1840 (MDCCCXL) çarşamba günü başlayan bir artık yıldır.

Olaylar
 Termokimya biliminin temeli Hess yasası açıklandı
 7 Şubat - Hacı Karandıqo Berzeg komutasında ''Karadeniz Kıyı Hattına'' yönelik operasyonlar başladı

Doğumlar

Ocak

Şubat

Mart

Nisan

Mayıs
 7 Mayıs - Pyotr Ilyich Tschaikovsky, Rus besteci (ö. 1893)
 13 Mayıs - Alphonse Daudet, Fransız yazar (ö. 1897)

Haziran

Temmuz

Ağustos

Eylül
 7 Eylül - Kral Sisowath, Kamboçya Kralı (ö. 1927)
 21 Eylül - V. Murat, 33. Osmanlı padişahı (ö. 1904)
 30 Eylül - Jehan Georges Vibert, Fransız ressam (ö. 1902)

Ekim

Kasım
 14 Kasım - Claude Monet, Fransız empresyonist ressam (ö. 1926)

Aralık
 21 Aralık - Namık Kemal, vatan şairi (ö. 1888)
 Tarihi bilinmeyenler:
 Sırpuhi Düsap, Ermeni yazar (ö. 1901)

Ölümler
 7 Haziran – Prusya kralı III. Friedrich Wilhelm öldü. Yerine IV. Friedrich Wilhelm (1795-1861) geçti.

Kaynakça

1840


Atara () ist eine Ortschaft im Westjordanland rund zehn Kilometer nördlich der Stadt Ramallah. Sie hat ca. 2300 Einwohner (2007). Atara liegt auf 810 Metern Meereshöhe.

Nachbarorte
Zwei Kilometer südlich von Atara befindet sich die Stadt Bir Zait, zwei Kilometer nördlich die neu entstehende Stadt Rawabi.

Geschichte
Atara wurde im Jahr 1596 mit 55 muslimischen Haushalten erstmals in einem osmanischen Steuerregister urkundlich als Steuerzahler erwähnt, die Steuern u. a. auf Weizen, Oliven, Wein, Obstbäume  oder Bienenkörbe zahlten.
1922 gründete der Jüdische Nationalfonds weiter südlich einen Moschaw (1. Versuch 1914), der nach dem biblischen Atarot benannt wurde, welcher Name im arabischen "Atara" historisch bewahrt sein dürfte. Im Mai 1948 wurde der Moschaw durch die Arabische Legion erobert und zerstört.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
Eine Sehenswürdigkeit ist der Schrein von Scheich Al Qatrawani am Ortseingang.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Westjordanland
Gouvernement Ramallah und al-Bira

Atara (Palästina)


භූවිද්‍යාඥයින්  පවසන පරිදි  ආසියානු  කලාපයෙන් භූ චලන පිළිබඳව අඩුවෙන්ම අසන්නට ලැබුණේ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවෙනි. නමුත් එම කතාව කණපිට පෙරළමින්  ලංකාව  තුළ සහ ඒ අවට සිදුවන භූ චලන ප්‍රමාණය මෑතක සිට වැඩි වී ඇත. එමෙන්ම ලංකා‍වේ බටහිර සිට නැගෙනහිර දක්වා විහිදෙන භූමිකම්පා කලාපය ආශ්‍රිතව ඉදිරියේදී මහා පරිමාණ භූමිකම්පාවක් වුවද සිදු වීමේ අවදානම් තත්ත්වය වැඩි වී ඇති බව භූ විද්‍යාඥයෝ අනතුරු හඟවති.

මහාචාර්ය විල්බට් කෙහෙල් පන්නල මහතා පවසන පරිදි  ,, ඉන්දියානු සාගරයේ සිදු වී ඇති විශේෂිත භූකාරක ක්‍රියා නිසා ලංකාව තුළත් ලංකාව අවට මුහුදු පතුලේත් විශාල පැලුම් ඇතිවී තිබෙනවා. ඉන්දියානු භූතලයේ උතුරු-දකුණු කොටස් අතර සම්පීඩනය හේතු කොටගෙන ලංකාව තුළ සහ ඊට පිටින් පිහිටි විභේද දිගේ චලනය වීමට උත්සාහ දරනවා. මෙහි ප්‍රථිඵලයක් ලෙස ලංකාව තුළත් ඉන් පිටතත් භූමි චලන ඇති වෙනවා. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භූ කම්පන කලාපයක් ඇති වීමට හේතුවත් මෙයයි.,,

මේ මස 18 වැනි දින මහනුවර සිට 425km ක් දුරින් පිහිටි මුහුදු පතුලේ රිච්ටර් ඒකක 5.2 ක භූමි කම්පාවක් සිදු විය.මුහුදු පතුලේ සිට 37km ක් ගැඹුරින් මෙම භූමි කම්පාව ඇති වී තිබුණි. හන්තාන මුලික අධ්‍යන ආයතනය සදහන් කරන පරිදි මෙම භූමි කම්පාව සිදු වී ඇත්තේද ලංකාවේ බටහිර සිට නැගෙනහිර දෙසට විහිදෙන භූමි කම්පා කලාපය ආශ්‍රිතවයි.1980 දශකයෙන් පසු ලංකාව ආශ්‍රිතව සිදු වු විශාලතම භූමි කම්පාව
මෙය වේ.

රිච්ටර් ඒකක 3ට වඩා අඩු අගයක් ගනු ලබන භූමි කම්පා ක්ෂුද්‍ර භූමි කම්පා ලෙස හදුන්වනු ලබයි.ලංකාවේ  බටහිර සිට නැගෙනහිර දක්වා විහිදෙන භූමි කම්පා කලාපය ආශ්‍රිතව, ලංකාව තුළ හෝ ලංකාව ආසන්නයේ මුහුදේ රිච්ටර් පරිමාණ පහක් හෝ හයක් විශාලැති භූමිකම්පාවක් සිදු වීමේ අවදානම් තත්වයක් පවතින බව මහාචාර්ය විල්බට් කෙහෙල් පන්නල මහතා ප්‍රකාශ කරයි.

රිච්ටර් ඒකක 5ක් හෝ 6ක් විශාලැති  භූමි කම්පාවක් මෙරට භූමිය තුළ සිදු වුචහොත් ගොඩනැගිලිවලට බරපතල ලෙස හානිවීමේ අවදානම ඉතාමත් වැඩිය.එමෙන්ම,රිච්ටර් ඒකක 7 ට වැඩි භූමි කම්පාවක් ලංකාවේ බටහිර සිට නැගෙනහිර දෙසට විහි‍දෙන භූමි කම්පා කලාපය ආශ්‍රිත මුහුදු කලාපයේ අඩු ගැඹුරකින් ඇති වුවහොත් ,,සුනාමි,, තත්වයක් ඇති වීමේ අවදානමක් පවතී.

කදුකර ප්‍රදේශ ආශ්‍රිතව රිච්ටර් පරිමාණ 5.5 ට වඩා විශාලත්වයකින් යුතු භූමි කම්පාවක් සිදු වුවහොත් කදුකරයේ ජලාශ පද්ධතිවලටද බරපතල ලෙස හානි සිදු විය හැකිය.මින් මිනිස් ජිවිතවලට හානි සිදු වීමේ අවදානම ඉතාමත් වැඩිය.2007 ජුනි මාසයේ දී භූචලන හතරක් සිදු වු තිස්සමහාරාමය ප්‍රදේශය ආශ්‍රිතව ද ,,ලුණුගම්වෙහෙර ජලාශය,, පිහිටා ඇත. එබැවින්, මෙම ජලාශය පිළිබඳව නිරන්තරයෙන් අවධානය යොමු කළ යුතුය.

භූමියේ පිහිටා ඇති විභේද චලනය වීම පිළිබඳ සොයා බැලීම සදහා චන්ද්‍රිකා  ආශ්‍රිත ,,GPS, උපකරණ සහිත මධ්‍යස්ථාන පිහිටුවිය යුතු බව භූ විද්‍යාඥයින් පවසයි.මෙ‍ම GPS, උපකරණයක වටිනාකම රුපියල් ලක්ෂ 30 කි.අවම වශයෙන් මෙම උපකරන 4 ක්වත් ලංකාව තුළ පිහිටවීම අත්‍යවශ්‍යය.දැනට මෙම උපකරණ එකක්වත් ලංකාවේ නැත.

විභේද චලනය වීම ජලාශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශවලට බලපාන්නේ කෙසේද,ජනාකීර්ණ ප්‍රධාන නගරවලට ඇතිවන තත්වය කුමක්ද පිළිබඳ GPS,උපකරණය මගින් කල් තියා අධ්‍යනය කළ හැකිය. මෙය ඉතා වැදගත් වන්නේ කොළඹ වැනි නගරයක් ආශ්‍රිතව විශාල භූමි කම්පාවක් සිදුවුවහොත් විය හැකි හානිය අති විශාල හෙයිනි.නමුත් අප දැනට භාවිතා කරන භූ කම්පන මාන මගින් ලබා ගන්නා දත්ත මගින් හෙළිදරව් කරගත හැකි වන්නේ භූ කම්පා සිදුවන ආකාරය, එහි විශාලත්වය හා ස්ථානය යන දත්ත පමණි.නමුත් GPS,උපකරණය මගින් විභේද චලනය වීම පිළිබඳව තොරතුරු සොයා ගැනීම තුළින් ඉදිරියේදී භූකම්පා සිදු විය හැකි ස්ථාන පිළිබඳව පවා හෙළිකර ගත හැකිය.

මේ අනුව අපට විද්‍යමාන වන්නේ අප දැන් ජිවත් වන්නේ භූකම්පා කලාපයක් තුළ බවයි.

මේ අඩවියත් බලන්න
ශ්‍රී ලංකාව

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට එල්ල වී ඇති භූමිකම්පා අවදානම


Bernhard Köthenbürger (* 28. November 1870 in Haaren; † nach 1933) war ein deutscher Unternehmer und Politiker (Zentrum).

Leben
Nach dem Volksschulabschluss und dem Besuch von Privatschulen erlernte Köthenbürger das Maurer- und Zimmerhandwerk. Er absolvierte von 1889 bis 1892 Baufachstudien am Polytechnikum Strelitz und war von 1892 bis 1898 als Bauführer an privaten und staatlichen Bauten sowie in der elterlichen Firma tätig. 1898 gründete er eine eigene Baufirma in Paderborn. Später wurde er Baumeister und Vorsitzender des Paderborner Handwerksamtes.

Köthenbürger trat in die Zentrumspartei ein. Er war unbesoldeter Beigeordneter der Stadt Paderborn und Kreistagsmitglied des Kreises Paderborn. 1921 wurde er als Abgeordneter in den Preußischen Landtag gewählt, dem er bis 1933 angehörte.

Ehrungen
 Bernhard-Köthenbürger-Straße in Paderborn

Literatur
 Ernst Kienast (Hrsg.): Handbuch für den Preußischen Landtag, Ausgabe für die 5. Wahlperiode, Berlin 1933, S. 349.
 Herrmann A. L. Degener (Hrsg.): Wer ist's? 9. Ausgabe, Leipzig 1928, S. 840.

Mitglied des Preußischen Landtags (Freistaat Preußen)
Zentrum-Mitglied
Deutscher
Geboren 1870
Gestorben im 20. Jahrhundert
Mann

Bernhard Köthenbürger


The prime minister of Georgia () is the head of government and chief executive of Georgia.

In Georgia, the president is a ceremonial head of state and mainly acts as a figurehead. The executive power is vested in the Government. The prime minister organizes, directs, and controls the functions of the Government. He also signs its legal acts. They appoint and dismiss ministers in the Cabinet. The prime minister represents Georgia in foreign relations and concludes international treaties on behalf of Georgia. They are accountable for the activities of the Government before the Parliament of Georgia.

The prime minister is nominated by a political party that has secured the best results in the parliamentary election. The nominee must win the Confidence vote of the Parliament.
Irakli Garibashvili is the incumbent prime minister. He succeeded Giorgi Gakharia on 22 February 2021.

History
The office of prime minister under the name of the chairman of Government was introduced in Georgia upon its declaration of independence in May 1918. It was abolished with the Soviet takeover of the country in February 1921. The newly independent Georgia established the position of prime minister in August 1991, only to be abolished de facto in the aftermath of the January 1992 military coup and legally in the 1995 Constitution. The office was reintroduced in the February 2004 constitutional amendment and further modified as a result of series of amendments passed between 2012 and 2018.

From the office's reestablishment in 2004 and throughout the presidency of Mikheil Saakashvili, the prime minister was appointed by the President and served as his chief adviser, while the President  exercised most of the executive powers. However, after the entry into force of the 2012 and 2018 constitutional amendments, that instituted Georgia as a parliamentary republic, the president's executive powers were eliminated and transferred to the prime minister.

Qualifications
The office of prime minister may not be held by a citizen of Georgia who is simultaneously the citizen of another country.

Appointment
The prime minister is nominated by a political party that has secured the best results in the parliamentary election. The nominee for premiership and his ministerial candidates must win the confidence vote of the Parliament and then, within 2 days of a vote of confidence, be formally appointed by the president of Georgia. If the president does not appoint the prime minister within the established time frame, the prime minister will be appointed automatically. If the parliamentary vote of confidence is not passed within the established time frame, the president dissolves the Parliament no earlier than two weeks and no later than three weeks after the respective time frame has expired, and calls extraordinary parliamentary election.

Functions
The prime minister of Georgia is the head of the Government, responsible for government activities and appointment and dismissal of ministers. They are accountable before the parliament. The prime minister signs the legal acts of the government and countersigns some of the acts issued by the president of Georgia.

The prime minister has the right to use the Defense Forces without the Parliament's approval during martial law. During the martial law, the prime minister becomes a member of the National Defense Council, a consultative body chaired by the president of Georgia. Although it is the president who is officially the commander-in-chief, in practice, the military is managed by the Government and prime minister.

The prime minister is also the head of the National Security Council.

List of officeholders

Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921)

Chairman of Government (1918–1921)

Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1991)

Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars (1921–1946)

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (1946–1991)

Georgia (since 1991)

Prime minister (1991–1995)

State Minister (1995–2004)

Prime minister (2004–present)

Notes

References

 01
.01
Prime ministers
Georgia
1991 establishments in Georgia (country)

Prime Minister of Georgia


Ourisia ruellioides er tegund blómstrandi plantna í græðisúruætt, ættuð frá suðurhluta S-Ameríku.

Tilvísanir

Ourisia

Ourisia ruellioides