مصباح بخار الزئبق هو مصباح تفريغ غازي يحوي فلز الزئبق في حالة مهيجة بحيث يساهم في إصدار الضوء.

يستخدم فلز الزئبق السائل في الإضاءة، حيث يتحول الزئبق إلى بخار الزئبق، ثم يتحول تحت تأثير درجة الحرارة وفرق الجهد من زئبق بحالته العادية إلى زئبق بحالته المثارة، ومن ثم يعود إلى الحالة اللأولى ناتجاً ما يسمى بالفوتون الذي يصطدم
بالفوسفور محدثاً الضوء.

يتميز مصباح بخار الزئبق بأنه يستهلك طاقة كهربائية أقل من المصباح المتوهج . إذا رغبنا في إضاء شدة 600 لومن مثلا سنحتاج إلى مصباح بخار زئبق بقدرة 10 واط، في حين يستهلك مصباح التوهج 60 واط لإنتاج نفس القدر من شدة الضوء.

اقرأ أيضاً
 مصباح بخار الصوديوم

مراجع

مصابيح تفريغ الغاز
زئبق

مصباح بخار الزئبق


Andrássy Gyula Gábor Manó Ádám, Conte de Csíkszentkirály și de Krasznahorka (în ; în  der Jüngere []; n. 30 iunie 1860, Tőketerebes - d. 11 iunie 1929, Budapesta) a fost un om politic maghiar, ce a îndeplinit funcții importante în cadrul Imperiului Austro-Ungar.

Note

Vezi și
 Lista miniștrilor de externe ai Austro-Ungariei

Nașteri în 1860
Decese în 1929
Politicieni maghiari
Politicieni din Transleithania
Miniștri în Austro-Ungaria

Gyula Andrássy cel Tânăr


İtalya'nın bölgeleri ülkenin birinci seviye idari bölünüşüdür. İkinci NUTS idari seviyesini de oluşturur.  20 bölge vardır. Bunlardan beş tanesi anayasal olarak özerkliğe sahiptir.

Aosta Vadisi hariç her bölge illere ayrılmıştır.

Bölgeler ve makro bölgeler

Makro bölgeler Avrupa Birliği NUTS'a göre birinci derecedir:
 Merkez: Lazio, Marche, Tuscany, Umbria
 Kuzey Doğu: Emilia Romagna, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto
 Kuzey Batı: Aosta Valley, Ligurya, Lombardy, Piemont
 Adalar: Sardinya, Sicily
 Güney: Abruzzo, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Molise

Ayrıca bakınız

Diğer idari bölümler
 İtalya'nın illeri
 İtalya'nın belediyeleri

Dipnotlar

Dış bağlantılar

CityMayors article

İtalyanca
İtalya'nın bölge yönetimi Italia.gov.it
İtalya'nın bölge yönetimi Governo.it

Bölgeler

İtalya'nın bölgeleri


بلدية فايفار ، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة كاستيلون التي تقع في منطقة بلنسية، في شرق إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 1.479 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2006).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في كاستيون
بلديات كاستيلون

فايفار


مانويل فرنانديز فرنانديز  المعروف بـ باهينيو (21 يناير 1923 - 12 يونيو 2012)، لاعب كرة قدم إسباني سابق.

مهاجم بالفطرة، ورجل المنطقة وماهر جدا باستخدام قدميه، وكان يتمتع بتسديدات قوية سواء بقدميه على السواء وكذا تسديدات رأسية متميزة.

وكان أبرز هدٌافي عصره .

عدد المباريات التي خاضها
143 مباراة رسمية

عدد الأهداف المسجلة
125 هدفا

المباريات الدولية مع إسبانيا
3 مباريات

إحصائية اللاعب مع الأندية

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روابط أخرى
 Spain stats

روابط خارجية

مراجع

رياضيون من فيغو
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو ديبورتيفو لاكورونيا
لاعبو ريال مدريد
لاعبو سلتا فيغو
لاعبو غاليسية
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم من فيغو
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا لكرة القدم الرديف للرجال
لاعبو نادي غرناطة
مدربو الدوري الإسباني
مدربو ديبورتيفو لاكورونيا
مدربو كرة قدم إسبان
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1923
وفيات 2012

باهينيو


Omega is an extension of the TeX typesetting system that uses the Basic Multilingual Plane of Unicode. It was authored by John Plaice and Yannis Haralambous after TeX development was frozen in 1991, primarily to enhance TeX's multilingual typesetting abilities. It includes a new 16-bit font encoding for TeX, as well as fonts (omlgc and omah) covering a wide range of alphabets.

At the 2004 TeX Users Group conference, Plaice announced his decision to split off a new project (not yet public), while Haralambous continued to work on Omega proper.

LaTeX for Omega is invoked as lambda.

Aleph and LuaTeX
Although the project seemed very promising from the beginning, the development has been slow and the functionality rather unstable. A separate project was started with the goal of stabilizing the code and extending it with e-TeX functionality, known as Aleph, and led by Giuseppe Bilotta.

The LaTeX for Aleph is known as Lamed.

Aleph alone is not being developed any more, but most of its functionality has been integrated into LuaTeX, a new project initially funded by Colorado State University (through the Oriental TeX Project by Idris Samawi Hamid) and NTG. LuaTeX started in 2006 and released the first beta version in Summer 2007. It will be a successor of both Aleph and pdfTeX, using Lua as an integrated lightweight programming language. It is developed primarily by Taco Hoekwater.

See also

 XeTeX and LuaTeX for recent Unicode capable TeX extensions.
 List of TeX extensions

External links

 Omega home page
 TeX FAQ entry on Aleph and Omega
 Mailing list for Omega
 Mailing list for Aleph

TeX
Unicode

Omega (TeX)


"Vast right-wing conspiracy" is a phrase popularized by a 1995 memo by political opposition researcher Chris Lehane and then referenced in 1998 by the then First Lady of the United States Hillary Rodham Clinton, in defense of her husband, President Bill Clinton, characterizing the continued allegations of scandal against her and her husband, including the Lewinsky scandal, as part of a conspiracy by Clinton's political enemies. The term has been used since, including in a question posed to Bill Clinton in 2009 to describe verbal attacks on Barack Obama during his early presidency. Hillary Clinton mentioned it again during her 2016 presidential campaign.

Earlier uses
While popularized by Hillary Clinton in her 1998 The Today Show interview, the phrase did not originate with her. In 1991 the Detroit News wrote:

An Associated Press story in 1995 also used the phrase, relating an official's guess that the Oklahoma City bombing was the work of "maybe five malcontents" and not "some kind of vast right-wing conspiracy."

Popularization

1995 memo
A 332-page memo titled "Communication Stream of Conspiracy Commerce" was commissioned by Mark Fabiani and written by Chris Lehane in 1995. It was the first document to describe the conspiracies surrounding the Clintons. It described how conservative media outlets such as The American Spectator spread conspiracy theories about the suicide of Vince Foster, the Whitewater controversy, and other events. According to the memo, these conspiracies spread from conservative think tanks to British tabloids, and then to the mainstream press.

The Today Show interview

In response to ongoing accusations surrounding the Clintons' investment in a real estate development known as Whitewater in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Attorney General Janet Reno had appointed an independent counsel, Kenneth Starr, to investigate those accusations in 1994. Starr's investigation began to branch out into other issues, from Filegate, to Travelgate, to Bill Clinton's actions in the civil case of his alleged sexual harassment of Paula Jones prior to his presidency. In the course of the last of these, White House intern Monica Lewinsky signed an affidavit that she had not had a relationship with Clinton, but Lewinsky's confidant Linda Tripp had been recording their phone conversations and offered Starr tapes of Lewinsky describing her feelings for, and alleging intimate encounters with, the president. Clinton was asked to give a deposition, and accusations that he lied about an affair under oath first made national headlines on January 17, 1998, when the story was picked up by the conservative-right e-mail newsletter The Drudge Report. Despite swift denials from Bill, the media attention grew.

On January 27, 1998, Hillary appeared on NBC's The Today Show, in an interview with Matt Lauer.

Clinton elaborated by decrying the tactics "and the kind of intense political agenda at work here." Bob Woodward recounts in his book The Agenda (1994) that the first lady claimed that when her husband was making his decision to run for the presidency in 1991, he reported receiving "a direct threat from someone in the Bush White House, warning that if he ran, the Republicans would go after him. 'We will do everything we can to destroy you personally,' she recalled that the Bush White House man had said."

Later uses
David Brock, a conservative-turned-liberal author, has said he was once a part of an effort to dredge up a scandal against Clinton. In 1993 Brock, then of the American Spectator, was the first to report Paula Jones' claims. As Brock explained in Blinded by the Right, after learning more about the events and conservative payments surrounding Paula Jones, he personally apologized to the Clintons. He documented his experience in Blinded by the Right, wherein he alleged that Arkansas State Police troopers had taken money in exchange for testimony against Clinton which Brock had published in a previous book. Adam Curtis also discusses the concept in his documentary series The Power of Nightmares. Brock has agreed with Clinton's claim that there was a "right wing conspiracy" to smear her husband, quibbling only with the characterization of it as "vast ," since Brock contends that it was orchestrated mainly by a few powerful people. MSNBC also described the comment as once-ridiculed but now taken more seriously by "many Democrats" who point "to the well-documented efforts by conservative financier Richard Mellon Scaife to fund a network of anti-Clinton investigations."

Specific claims of such funding have been made against conservative Republican supporter and billionaire Richard Mellon Scaife. Scaife played a major role in funding the Arkansas Project investigating President Clinton; former Clinton White House Counsel Lanny Davis claimed Scaife was using his money "to destroy a president of the United States." Scaife claims to be public about his political spending (q.v.). CNN stated in a study the news outlet conducted on Scaife, "If it's a conspiracy, it's a pretty open one."

Hillary wrote in her 2003 autobiography, "Looking back, I see that I might have phrased my point more artfully, but I stand by the characterization of Starr's investigation [regardless of the truth about Lewinsky]." By 2007, her experiences caused her to say in presidential campaign appearances that the "vast right-wing conspiracy" was back, citing such cases as the 2002 New Hampshire Senate election phone jamming scandal. On the stump for Al Franken's 2008 Senate campaign, Bill acknowledged his Air America Radio show by quipping that he had been taking on the "vast right wing conspiracy before others even acknowledged that it existed."

Bill, when asked on Meet the Press (September 27, 2009) whether the "vast right wing conspiracy" was involved in the attacks on President Barack Obama, said "Oh, you bet. Sure it is. It's not as strong as it was, because America's changed demographically, but it's as virulent as it was … when they accused me of murder and all that stuff."

Two other figures who have used the phrase are Nobel laureate economist Paul Krugman and journalist Joe Conason. Conason, in an article called "The vast right-wing conspiracy is back," referring to the National Republican Trust PAC and Newsmax, which are run by former foes of president Clinton, and who made attacks on then-President Barack Obama. The National Republican Trust PAC sponsored a campaign commercials against Obama in 2008 which FactCheck.org described as "one of the sleaziest false TV ads of the campaign." One of Newsmax's owners "was among the most insistent endorsers of the Obama birth certificate myth" and a popularizer of the canard that Clinton's White House counsel Vince Foster did not commit suicide—as determined by five official investigations—but was murdered.

In some of his books, Krugman has used the phrase ("Yes, Virginia, there is a vast right-wing conspiracy") to refer not to a conservative Republican-leaning campaign against Clinton (or Obama), but more generally to "an interlocking set of institutions ultimately answering to a small group of people that collectively reward loyalists and punish dissenters" in the service of "movement conservatism." The network of institutions provide

obedient politicians with the resources to win elections, safe havens in the event of defeat, and lucrative career opportunities after they leave office. They guarantee favorable news coverage to politicians who follow the party line, while harassing and undermining opponents. And they support a large standing army of party intellectuals and activists.

In Krugman's view, the network of foundations that fund conservative scholarship, the national and regional think tanks and advocacy groups, talk radio media outlets, and conservative law firms through which they pushed their agenda to move the Republican Party to the right, far surpass in funding, size, inter-connectedness or influence anything the Democratic Party or the American political left/liberal movement have at their disposal.

2014 reemergence
In April 2014, the Clinton Presidential Center published the original 1995 memo on the alleged conspiracy. The memo's author, Chris Lehane, wrote, "As for the premise of the memo, I absolutely stand by it. Not only was it right about the right wing then, it is more accurate than ever today."

2016 reemergence
In 2016, Hillary said she still believed in the "vast right-wing conspiracy ," adding that it was "even better funded" 18 years later. However, she opined, "At this point it's probably not correct to say it's a conspiracy because it's out in the open."

In October, after footage of Donald Trump "boasting" about his sexual exploits emerged and multiple women accused Trump of sexual misconduct, Melania Trump defended her husband and said, "This was all organized from the opposition." Writers for the Los Angeles Times and The Washington Post noted that Melania's response "echoed" Hillary's original use of the phrase "vast right-wing conspiracy."

Use in popular culture
After the release of a deposition Bill had given to the Independent Counsel, in which he perjured himself, some conservatives began to adopt the VRWC phrasing ironically. In 2004, conservative lawyer Mark W. Smith wrote the New York Times Best Seller Official Handbook of the Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy, which came with a "membership card" that made its owner an "official member of the VRWC." Similarly, a number of newspaper, magazine, and website articles have used the phrase to report on left-wing politics.

Eugene Volokh's blog The Volokh Conspiracy is said to have derived its name from as a reference to the "Vast right-wing conspiracy" statement.

The term "Vast Right Wing Conspiracy" continues to be mocked by conservatives.

See also
Clinton crazies
Basket of deplorables

References

Notes

Sources

Further reading

External links
Transcript of Hillary Clinton interview on NBC Today Show
Who's funding the Conservative Movement?

Media coverage
Video: Hillary Clinton Speaks Out on Lewinsky Allegations via NBC Today Show, January 27, 1998
Hillary Clinton: 'This Is A Battle', CNN, January 27, 1998
Washington Post: First Lady Launches Counterattack, The Washington Post, January 28, 1998
Caught In The Whitewater Net, CBS News, May 19, 1998
It's no accident that Coors is the right beer in America, undated
The Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy 2011: Less Vast- More Powerful, Rick Ungar, Forbes, March 21, 2011
Why Not Occupy Newsrooms?, October 24, 2011

1995 neologisms
American political catchphrases
Conspiracy theories by subject
Conspiracy theories in the United States
English phrases
Hillary Clinton
Clinton–Lewinsky scandal
Political terminology of the United States
Right-wing politics in the United States
1998 in American politics
Hillary Clinton controversies
2016 in American politics

Vast right-wing conspiracy


Erhvervshus Nordjylland (tidligere Væksthus Nordjylland) er et af Danmarks seks erhvervshuse, og blev etableret 1. januar 2019 som led i Folketingets lov om erhvervsfremme, der blev vedtaget den 13. december 2018.

Erhvervshushus Nordjylland er ejet af de 11 kommuner i Region Nordjylland og har til huse i NOVI Science Park i Aalborg Øst.

Erhvervshusets formål er, at skabe bæredygtig udvikling og vækst i hele Nordjylland, og tilbyder  vejledning og problemafklaring til nordjyske iværksættere og virksomheder i tæt samarbejde med offentlige- og private aktører og vidensinstitutioner.

Se også
 Erhvervshus Fyn
 Erhvervshus Hovedstaden
 Erhvervshus Midtjylland
 Erhvervshus Sjælland
 Erhvervshus Sydjylland

Kilder og eksterne henvisninger

 Officiel hjemmeside

Økonomisk udvikling
Erhvervsliv i Danmark
Nordjylland

Erhvervshus Nordjylland


Klaus-Peter Hanke (* 5. Dezember 1953 in Dresden) ist seit 2010 der Oberbürgermeister von Pirna.

Leben
Hanke ist in Dresden geboren und aufgewachsen. Von 1960 bis 1972 besuchte er die Friedrich-Schiller-Oberschule und anschließend die Erweiterte Oberschule Rainer Fetscher in Pirna. 1972 bis 1975 wurde er im elterlichen Straßenbaubetrieb erst zum Facharbeiter für Straßenbautechnik und danach zum Handwerksmeister für Straßenbau ausgebildet. Seit 1975 war er selbständig. Die Geschäftsführung der Peter Hanke Straßen- u. Tiefbau GmbH wurde nach seinem Amtsantritt als Oberbürgermeister von seinem Sohn übernommen.

1994 wurde Klaus-Peter Hanke Mitglied im Vorstand des Landesinnungsverbandes des Sächsischen Straßenbaugewerbes, im Folgejahr wurde er in die Meisterprüfungskommission berufen.

Hanke war seit 2005 verheiratet und ist seit Ende 2018 verwitwet. Im Jahr 2021 verlegte er seinen Hauptwohnsitz nach Dresden.

Politisches Leben
Hanke war vor der Wende Mitglied der NDPD und der Stadtverordnetenversammlung in Pirna. 1994 war er Mitbegründer der Freien Wähler in Pirna und nach deren erfolgreichen Wahl ihr Fraktionsvorsitzender. Von 1999 bis 2008 war er Kreisrat des Landkreises Sächsische Schweiz. Seit 2006 war er ehrenamtlicher Bürgermeister von Pirna.

Am 7. Januar 2010 wurde er Oberbürgermeister der Kreisstadt Pirna. Er wurde im zweiten Wahlgang mit 60 % der Stimmen gewählt und trat das Amt am 22. Februar 2010 an.

Am 15. Januar 2017 wurde Hanke mit 60,5 % der Stimmen im ersten Wahlgang wiedergewählt. Eine weitere Wiederwahl 2024 ist ausgeschlossen, da er die Altersgrenze für hauptamtliche Bürgermeister von 65 Jahren bei der Wahl inzwischen überschritten hat.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Kurzlebenslauf auf www.pirna.de

Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
NDPD-Mitglied
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Bürgermeister (Pirna)
Geboren 1953
Mann
Deutscher
DDR-Bürger
Unternehmer (Sachsen)

Klaus-Peter Hanke


Trei Ape este o stațiune turistică de interes local din județul Caraș-Severin. Lacul Trei Ape (lac de acumulare, lac antropic), se afla la 37 km de Reșița, în depresiunea Garana, la o altitudine de aproximativ 835, pe o întindere 53 de hectare. Zona este ideală pentru popasuri, drumeții, de câteva ore, pe trasee bine marcate și sigure. Pe perioada verii se poate sta cu cortul, fiind zone special amenajate pentru campare, iar în perioada iernii, datorita climatului montan, se poate schia.

Referințe

Stațiuni
Turismul în județul Caraș-Severin

Trei Ape


Danimarka veya resmî adıyla Danimarka Krallığı (Danca: ), Kuzey Avrupa'da bir İskandinav ülkesidir. İskandinav ülkelerinin en güneyinde yer alan Danimarka'nın büyük bir bölümü Jylland yarımadası üzerindedir. Başkent, Danimarka adalarının en büyüğü olan Sjælland'ın üzerinde kurulmuştur. Sjælland, dar bir boğaz olan Øresund ile İsveç'ten ayrılır. Ayrıca, (bir köprü ile Jylland'a bağlı olan) Fyn, Lolland, Falster, Langeland ve Baltık Denizi'ndeki Bornholm adaları da Danimarka'ya aittir.

Danimarka Krallığı anayasal olarak Danimarka'yı ve Kuzey Atlantik Okyanusu'ndaki iki özerk bölge olan Faroe Adaları ve Grönland'ı içeren üniter bir devlettir. Danimarka, 2020 itibarıyla toplam 42.943 kilometre karelik (16.580 sq mi) ve Grönland ve Faroe Adaları dahil toplam alan 2.210.579 kilometre karelik (853.509 sq mi) bir alanı kaplar. Danimarka'nın nüfusu ise 2020 itibarıyla 5,83 milyondur.

Birleşik Danimarka krallığı, 8. yüzyılda Baltık Denizi'nin kontrolü için mücadelede yetkin bir denizci ulus olarak ortaya çıktı. Danimarka, İsveç ve Norveç, 1397'de kurulan ve 1523'te İsveç'in ayrılmasıyla sona eren Kalmar Birliği'nin merkeziydi. Danimarka-Norveç ise 1814'e kadar Kopenhag'dan yönetildi. 17. yüzyıldan başlayarak İsveç İmparatorluğu ile yapılan savaş sonucunda yenik düşerek büyük toprak kayıpları yaşadı: Napolyon Savaşları'ndan sonra Norveç İsveç'e bırakılırken, Danimarka Faroe Adaları, Grönland ve İzlanda'nın üzerindeki hakimiyetini korumayı başardı. 19. yüzyılda Birinci Schleswig Savaşı'nda mağlup edilen Danimarka'da art arda gelen yenilgilerin bir sonucu olarak milliyetçi hareketlerde artış görüldü. 1864'teki İkinci Schleswig Savaşı'ndan sonra Danimarka, Schleswig Dükalığı'nı Prusya'ya kaybetti. Danimarka I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında tarafsız kalmış olsa da, 1920'de Almanya'nın savaşı kaybetmesiyle Schleswig'in kuzey yarısı yeniden Danimarka'ya bağlandı. II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Almanya tarafından işgal edilen ülke, 20. yüzyılın başlarında oldukça gelişmiş bir karma ekonomiye sahipti.

1660'ta mutlak monarşiye son veren ülke, anayasasını 5 Haziran 1849'da kabul etti. Anayasal bir monarşi olarak devletin ulusal parlamentosu ülkenin başkenti, en büyük şehri ve ana ticaret merkezi olan Kopenhag'da bulunmaktadır. Danimarka, 1973'te Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu'nun (günümüzde Avrupa Birliği) üyesi oldu ancak Euro yerine kendi para birimi olan kronu kullanmaktadır.

Danimarkalılar yüksek bir yaşam standardına sahiptir ve ülke eğitim, sağlık hizmetleri, sivil özgürlüklerin korunması, demokratik yönetişim ve LGBT eşitliği dahil olmak üzere bazı ulusal performans ölçütlerinde üst sıralarda yer almaktadır. NATO, İskandinav Konseyi, OECD, AGİT ve Birleşmiş Milletler'in kurucu üyeleri arasındadır; aynı zamanda Schengen Bölgesi'nin bir parçasıdır. Danimarka'nın ayrıca İskandinav komşularıyla dilbilimsel olarak yakın bağları vardır, Danimarka dili hem Norveççe hem de İsveççe ile kısmen karşılıklı olarak anlaşılır.

Etimoloji

Çoğu etimolojik sözlük ve el kitabı "Dan" kelimesini () "düz arazi" anlamına gelen bir kelimeden türetir. Bunun da Güney Schleswig'deki sınır ormanlarına olası bir atıfta olmakla beraber, ormanlık alan veya sınır arazisi anlamına gelebileceği düşünülmektedir.

Danmark kelimesinin Danimarka içinde ilk kaydedilen kullanımı, Gorm (y. 955) ve Harald Bluetooth (y. 965) tarafından dikildiğine inanılan iki Jelling taşı üzerinde büyük taşta ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚢᚱᚴ ([danmɒrk]) ve küçük taşta genitif ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚱᚴᛅᚱ ([danmarkaɽ]) olarak görülür.

Tarihi

Danimarka'ya hakim olan ilk kavim 8. yüzyıl - 11. yüzyıl hüküm süren Vikinglerdir. Savaşçı bir ulus olarak tanınan Vikingler batıda Büyük Britanya, İzlanda, Grönland ve hatta Kuzey Amerika'ya kadar ulaşarak sömürgeler kurdular. Doğuda ise Karadeniz ve Hazar Denizi kıyılarına kadar uzanan yerleşim birimleri kurmuşlardır. İngiltere'nin büyük bir bölümü bu dönemde Viking egemenliği altında kaldı.

İskandinavyalı I. Harald (Danimarkalı) Mavi Diş Harald 980 yılında ilk defa olarak Danimarka ve Norveç'i birleştirerek bir krallık kurmayı başardı. Ayrıca Alman misyonerlerin etkisiyle Hristiyanlığı kabul etti. 1363 yılında Danimarka kralı IV. Valdemar'ın kızı I. Margaret, Norveç kralı VI. Haakon'la evlenerek iki ülkeyi bir bayrak altında birleştirdi. 1397 yılında İsveç, Norveç, Danimarka ve sömürgeleri (Faroe Adaları, İzlanda, Grönland ve Finlandiya) birleşerek Kalmar Birliği adı altında büyük bir İskandinav İmparatorluğu haline geldiler.

1521 yılında İsveç Kalmar Birliği'nden resmen ayrıldı. Bu arada İskandinav ülkeleri Martin Luther tarafından Almanya'da başlatılan Protestan Reformu ile sarsıldı. Danimarka ve Norveç 1821 yılına kadar Danimarka-Norveç adı altında birlikte hareket etmeye devam ettiler. 19. yüzyılın başlarında Danimarka Napolyon Savaşları'yla temelinden sarsıldı. Birleşik Krallık filosu 1801 yılında Kopenhag'a saldırdı. Danimarka'nın müttefiki olan Fransa savaşı kaybedince Danimarka 1814 yılında imzaladığı Kiel Antlaşması uyarınca savaşı kazanan tarafın üyesi olan İsveç'e Norveç'i bırakmak zorunda kaldı.

20. yüzyılın ilk yıllarında Danimarka'nın Karayiplerdeki sömürgeleri ABD'ye satıldı. Danimarka Dünya Savaşları'nda tarafsız kaldı. Danimarka I. Dünya Savaşı'nda tarafsız kaldı. Danimarka II. Dünya Savaşı'nda tarafsız kalmasına rağmen 9 Nisan 1940 tarihinde Almanya tarafından işgal edildi. Danimarka ordusu ve Hava kuvvetleri zayıftı ve toprakları düzdü bu yüzden 4 saat içinde Danimarka işgal edildi. Buna karşılık Birleşik Krallık ordusu Faroe Adaları ve İzlanda'yı işgal etti. İzlanda 17 Haziran 1944 tarihinde bağımsızlığını ilan ederek Danimarka'dan ayrıldı. Faroe Adaları ise 1948'de Danimarka'ya geri verildi.

Dünya savaşlarından sonra Danimarka tarafsızlık siyasetine son verdi. 1945 yılında Birleşmiş Milletler'e üye oldu. 1949 yılında ise NATO'nun kurucu üyelerinden biri oldu. 1 Ocak 1973 tarihinde de Avrupa Birliği'ne katılan Danimarka bazı konularda Avrupa Birliği'nin dışında kalmayı tercih etmektedir. Örneğin 2000 yılında yapılan bir referandumun reddedilmesi üzerine Danimarka Euro Alanı dışında kalmayı yeğlemiştir.

Coğrafya

İklim
Danimarka, ılıman kışlar ile karakterize edilen ılıman bir iklime sahiptir, Ocak ayında ortalama sıcaklıklar 1,5 °C (34.7 °F) ve serin yazlar, Ağustos ayında ortalama sıcaklık 17.2 °C (63,0 °F)'dir. Danimarka'da kayıtların başladığı 1874'ten bu yana kaydedilen en uç sıcaklıklar 1975'te 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) ve 1982'de −31,2 °C (−24,2 °F) idi. Danimarka'da ortalama sıcaklık Yılda ortalama 765 milimetre (30 inç) yağış alan yılda 179 gün; sonbahar en yağışlı mevsim ve ilkbahar en kurak mevsimdir. Kıta ve okyanus arasındaki konum, havanın genellikle kararsız olduğu anlamına gelir.

Danimarka'nın kuzeydeki konumu nedeniyle, gün ışığında büyük mevsimsel farklılıklar vardır. Kış aylarında gün doğumunun sabah 8:45 ve gün batımının 15:45 (standart saat) olduğu kısa günler ile sabah 4:30'da gün doğumu ve akşam 10'da gün batımı (yaz saati uygulaması) olan uzun yaz günleri vardır.

Ekoloji
Danimarka Boreal Krallığı'na aittir ve iki ekolojik bölgeye ayrılabilir: Atlantik karma ormanları ve Baltık karma ormanları. Danimarka'nın bakir ormanlarının neredeyse tamamı, özellikle son bin yılda tarımsal amaçlarla yok edildi veya parçalandı. Ormansızlaşma, geniş fundalık alanlar ve yıkıcı kum yığınları yarattı. Buna rağmen, ülkede birkaç daha büyük ikinci büyüme ormanlık alan vardır ve toplamda arazinin %12,9'u ormanlıktır. Picea abies en yaygın ağaçtır (2017); Noel ağacı üretiminde önemli bir ağaçtır. Danimarka, 0,5/10'luk bir Orman Peyzaj Bütünlüğü Endeksi ortalama puanına sahiptir ve dünya çapında 172 ülke arasında 171'inci sırada yer almaktadır.

Karaca, kırsal bölgeleri giderek artan sayılarıyla işgal ediyor ve Jutland'ın seyrek ormanlık alanlarında büyük boynuzlu kızıl geyikler bulunabilir. Danimarka ayrıca kokarca, kır tavşanı ve kirpi gibi daha küçük memelilere de ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Danimarka'da yaklaşık 400 kuş türü yaşıyor ve bunların 160'ı ülkede ürüyor. Büyük deniz memelileri, sağlıklı mutur popülasyonlarını, artan sayıda yüzgeçayaklıları ve mavi balinalar ve katil balinalar da dahil olmak üzere büyük balinaların ara sıra ziyaretlerini içerir. Morina, ringa balığı ve plaice Danimarka sularında bol miktarda bulunan balık etleridir ve büyük bir balıkçılık endüstrisinin temelini oluştururlar.

Çevre
Danimarka, Aralık 2020'de petrol ve gaz çıkarımı için yeni lisanslar vermeyi durdurdu.

Arazi ve su kirliliği Danimarka'nın en önemli çevresel sorunlarından ikisidir, ancak ülkenin evsel ve endüstriyel atıklarının çoğu artık giderek daha fazla filtrelenmekte ve bazen geri dönüştürülmektedir. Ülke, çevrecilik konusunda tarihsel olarak ilerici bir duruş sergilemiştir; 1971'de Danimarka bir Çevre Bakanlığı kurdu ve 1973'te çevre hukukunu uygulayan dünyadaki ilk ülke oldu. Çevresel bozulmayı ve iklim değişikliğini azaltmak için Danimarka Hükûmeti Kyoto Protokolünü imzaladı. Ancak, ulusal ekolojik ayak izi 2010 yılındaki 1.7 olan dünya ortalamasına kıyasla çok yüksek olan kişi başına 8.26 küresel hektardır.  Aralık 2014'te 2015 İklim Değişikliği Performans Endeksi, Danimarka'yı tablonun en üstüne yerleştirdi ve emisyonların hala oldukça yüksek olmasına rağmen ülkenin etkili iklim koruma politikaları uygulayabildiğini açıkladı. 2020'de Danimarka yine endekste birinci sırada yer aldı. 2021'de Danimarka, Kosta Rika ile fosil yakıtların kullanımını durdurmak için "Petrol ve Gaz Ötesi ittifakını" başlattı.

Danimarka'nın toprakları Grönland ve Faroe Adaları'nda, yılda yaklaşık 650 balina yakalanır. Grönland'ın balina avlama kotaları, kota karar verme yetkisine sahip Uluslararası Balinacılık Kurulu'nun (IWC) tavsiyelerine göre belirlenir.

Demografi

Danimarka İstatistiklerine göre, Danimarka'da yaşayanların %90,5'i Danimarkalı soyundandır ki bu da Danimarka nüfusunun 5 milyonuna tekabül eder. Geriye kalan %9,5 ise komşu ülkelerden veya ağırlıklı olarak Bosnalı olan göçmenler tarafından oluşturulmaktadır. Söz konusu göçmenler 1983 yılında imzalanan Yabancı Yasası (Udlændingeloven) ile ülkeye gelmişlerdir. Danimarka göçün yanı sıra, yabancılara tanıdığı sığınma hakkı ile de ülkeye 'ilticacı' kabul etmektedir. İltica edenlerin sayıları 2001 yılından 2006 yılına kadar %84 azalsa da, ülkeye sadece 2006 yılında 1.960 ilticacı sığınmıştır.

Danimarka nüfusu 2010 Mayıs ayında 5.557.709 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ülke nüfusu, ağırlıklı olarak Büyük Kemer olarak tarif edilen boğazın doğusunda yer alan Sjælland adasında yer alır. Her ne kadar Sjælland (Zeland) adası 9,622 km² (3,715 sq mi) büyüklüğünde, Danimarka'nın sadece %22.7'si olsa da, ada hem ülkenin başkenti olan Kopenhag'ı içerisinde bulundurmakta, hem de ülke nüfusunun %45'ini (2.465.348) içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Ülkenin geriye kalanı olan batısında ise; yani Fyn (Fünen) Adası'nda ve Avrupa anakarasına bağlı olan Danimarka'da, 3.010.443 kişi yaşamakta ve 32,772 km² (12,653 sq mil) alan kaplamaktadır.

2006 sayımına göre; ülkenin ortalama yaşı 39,8'dir. Bir kadına 0,98 erkek düşmektedir. Okur yazarlık oranı (15 yaş üstünde) ise %98,2 olan Danimarka'da doğum oranı 1,74'tür.

Ülkede Danca ülkenin resmî dilidir. Ayrıca Almanca ve İngilizce de halk arasında geniş şekilde konuşulan dillerdir.

2006 rakamlarına göre; Amerika'da yaşayan insanların 1.516.126 Danimarka soyundan gelmektedir. Ayrıca Kanada'da ise 200.035 Danimarkalı soyundan gelen kişi yaşamaktadır.

Din

Danimarka Anayasası'nda devletin dini belirtilmektedir. Ocak 2023 sayılarına göre nüfusun %72,1'u Danimarka Ulusal Kilisesi'nin (Den Danske Folkekirke) üyesidir. Kilise Danimarka Anayasası tarafından belirlenmiş olan Lutheryan mezhebindendir.

Danimarka nüfusunun %4'ü Müslümandır ki Müslümanlar Danimarka'nın ikinci büyük dini topluluğunu oluştururlar. Diğer dini gruplar ise nüfusun %1'i civarındadır.

Danimarka'da 2005 yılında yapılan bir araştırmaya göre; Danimarkalılar'ın 31%'i "Bir tanrı olduğuna", nüfusun %9'u "hayatımızın kaynağı olan bir ruhun veya bir hayat gücün mevcut olduğuna" ve nüfusun %19'u "tanrı, ruh, veya bir hayat gücünün olmadığına" inanmaktadır. 2005 yılında Zuckerman tarafından yapılan bir araştırmaya göre ise, Danimarka dünyanın en büyük dördüncü ateist veya agnostik grubun yoğunluğuna sahip ülkesidir ki, söz konusu araştırmaya göre ülkedeki ateist veya agnostik grubun oranı %43 ile %80 arasındadır.

CIA'ya 2019 tahminlerine göre Danimarka'nın nüfusunun Evanjelik Lüteryanlar (resmi) %74,7, Müslümanlar %5,5; dinsiz, belirtmemiş ve her biri %1'in altında bir orana sahip diğerleri ise (Roma Katolik, Yehova Şahidi, Sırp Ortodoks Hristiyan, Yahudi, Baptist, Budist, İsa Mesih Kilisesi, Pentekostal ve mezhepsel olmayan Hristiyan) %19.8'lik kısmı oluşturmaktadır.

Danimarka Kilisesi için devlet desteği en çok da yönetimsel özellik taşır. 1849 Anayasası vatandaşlara inanç özgürlüğü verdiğinden Danimarka Kilisesi'ne üyelik bireyin gönüllülük esasına dayanır. 2012'de belirli bir dereceye kadar bir kurum gibi işleyen Danimarka Kilisesi'ne nüfusun neredeyse %80'i üyedir. Diğer dini toplumlar, tanınmış dinsel kurumlara yapılan bağışlar üzerinden vergilendirmeden muaf tutularak desteklenir.

Ekonomi

Transparency International 2013 Yolsuzluk Algısı Endeksi'nde, Yeni Zelanda ile birlikte 100 üzerinden 91 puanla birinci sırada yer aldı (0 puan = yüksek yolsuzluk, 100 puan = temiz).

Danimarka'da kurumlar vergisi %23,5 olup Avrupa Birliği ortalamasının altındadır.

Enerji
Danimarka, Kuzey Denizi'nde oldukça büyük petrol ve doğal gaz yataklarına sahiptir ve net petrol ihracatçıları arasında dünyada 32. sıradadır ve 2009'da günde 259.980 varil ham petrol üretiyor. 2015 yılında rüzgar türbinleri toplam elektrik tüketiminin %42,1'ini sağladı. Mayıs 2011'de Danimarka, gayri safi yurtiçi hasılasının %3,1'ini yenilenebilir (temiz) enerji teknolojisi ve enerji verimliliğinden veya yaklaşık 6,5 milyar Euro'dan (9,4 milyar $) elde etti. Danimarka, diğer Avrupa ülkelerine elektrik iletim hatlarıyla bağlıdır.

Danimarka'nın elektrik sektörü, rüzgar enerjisi gibi enerji kaynaklarını ulusal şebekeye entegre etti. Danimarka şimdi ulaşım sektöründe akıllı akü sistemlerine (V2G) ve elektrikli araçlara odaklanmayı hedefliyor. Ülke, Uluslararası Yenilenebilir Enerji Ajansı'nın (IRENA) bir üyesidir.

Danimarka, 2018'de yaklaşık 460 milyon GJ enerji ihraç etti.

Ulaşım
Danimarka'daki bölgeler arasında, özellikle de Sjælland ve Fyn'yi birbirine bağlayan Büyük Kemer Sabit Bağlantısı arasında karayolu ve demiryolu bağlantıları inşa etmek için önemli yatırımlar yapılmıştır. Kuzey Yutland'daki Frederikshavn'dan doğu Zelanda'daki Kopenhag'a otoyoldan ayrılmadan gitmek artık mümkün. Ana demiryolu operatörü, yolcu hizmetleri için DSB ve yük trenleri için DB Cargo'dur. Demiryolu raylarının bakımı Banedanmark tarafından yapılmaktadır. Kopenhag'ın hızlı bir metro sistemi, Kopenhag metrosu ve kapsamlı bir elektrikli banliyö demiryolu ağı olan S-Bahn var. En büyük dört şehirde – Kopenhag, Aarhus, Odense, Aalborg – hafif raylı sistemlerin 2020 civarında faaliyete geçmesi planlanıyor.

Danimarka'da bisiklete binmek, özellikle gençler ve şehir sakinleri için çok yaygın bir ulaşım şeklidir. 12.000 km'den fazla uzanan bir bisiklet yolları ağı ve tahmini 7.000 km ayrılmış özel bisiklet yolları ve şeritleri ile Danimarka, sağlam bir bisiklet altyapısına sahiptir.

Özel araçlar giderek daha fazla ulaşım aracı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yüksek kayıt vergisi (%150), Katma değer vergisi (%25) ve dünyanın en yüksek gelir vergisi oranlarından biri nedeniyle yeni arabalar çok pahalıdır. Verginin amacı araba sahipliğini caydırmaktır. 2007'de hükûmet, yüksek kilometreli araçlardaki vergileri biraz azaltarak çevre dostu arabaları tercih etme girişiminde bulundu. Bununla birlikte, bunun çok az etkisi oldu ve 2008'de Danimarka, eski arabaların maliyeti -vergiler dahil- onları birçok Danimarkalının bütçesi dahilinde tuttuğu için yakıtı verimsiz eski arabaların ithalatında bir artış yaşadı. 2011 yılı itibarıyla ortalama araba yaşı 9,2'dir.

Norveç ve İsveç ile Danimarka, Scandinavian Airlines bayrak taşıyıcısının bir parçasıdır. Kopenhag Havalimanı, 2014 yılında 25 milyondan fazla yolcuya hizmet vererek İskandinavya'nın en yoğun yolcu havalimanıdır. Diğer önemli havalimanları Billund Havalimanı, Aalborg Havalimanı ve Aarhus Havalimanı'dır.

Temel bilgiler
 Kara sınırlarının uzunluğu: 68 km (Almanya ile).
 Kıyılarının uzunluğu: 7.314 km.
 Başkent: Kopenhag (Danca: København)
 En uzun ırmak: Gudenåen, 158 km
 En yüksek noktası: Yding- Skovhøj, 173 m
 Devlet başkanı: II. Margrethe
 Başbakan: Mette Frederiksen
 Bağımsızlık: 8. yüzyıldan önce
 Meclis: Folketing. 179 üyeli, üyelikler dört yıllık.
 Yönetim bölgeleri: 14 il (amtskommuner)
 Din: %96 Lutherci Hristiyan.
 Para birimi: Danimarka Kronu (DKK) = 100 øre.

Kültür

Danimarka İskandinav komşuları İsveç ve Norveç ile güçlü kültürel ve tarihi bağlara sahiptir. Tarih boyunca sosyal açıdan gelişen kültürlerden biri olmuştur. Danimarka, 1969'da pornografiyi yasallaştırdı ve 1989'da uygulamaya koyan ilk ülke olduğu "medeni birliktelik" yasalarını 2012'de cinsiyetten bağımsız evlilikle değiştirdi ve aynı cinsiyetten evlilik törenlerinin Danimarka Kilisesi'nde düzenlenmesine izin verdi. Tevazu ve toplumsal eşitlik Danimarka kültürünün önemli parçalarıdır. 2016 yılında 63 ülkenin empati puanlarını karşılaştıran bir çalışmada Danimarka, sıralamada ankete katılan Avrupa ülkeleri arasında en yüksek empatiye sahip dünya çapındaki 4. ülke olarak yer aldı.

Tycho Brahe'nin (1546–1601) astronomik keşifleri, Ludwig A. Colding'in (1815–1888)   enerjinin korunumu yasası üzerinde yaptığı göz ardı edilen katkıları, Niels Bohr'un (1885–1962) atom fiziğine yaptığı katkılar, Lene Vestergaard Hau'nun (d. 1959) kuantum fiziğiyle ilgili ışık demetinin durdurulması, nano-teknolojideki ilerlemeler, Bose-Einstein yoğunlaşmasının kavranması gibi katkıları Danimarka'nın bilimsel başarılarının büyüklüğünü ve devamlılığını gösteriyor. Hans Christian Andersen'in (1805–1875) peri masalları, Søren Kierkegaard'ın (1813–1855) felsefe alanında denemeleri, Karen Blixen'in (1885–196 kalem adı Isak Dinesen) kısa hikâyeleri, Ludvig Holberg'in (1684–1754) piyesleri, Herman Bang ve Nobel ödüllü Henrik Pontoppidan gibi modern yazarlar ve Piet Hein'in (1905–1996) yoğun hicivli şiirleri, Carl Nielsen'in (1865–1931) senfonileri, uluslararası takdir kazanmıştır. 1990'ların ortalarından beri özellikle Dogma 95 ile ilgili olan (Lars Von Trier yapımı filmler gibi) Danimarka filmleri uluslararası alanda dikkat çekmiştir.

 Danimarka sineması
 Danimarka asıllı Amerikalılar listesi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Danimarka'da yeni yurttaşlara Danimarka toplumu hakkında bilgi
 Danimarka Fotoğrafları Çeşitli Dillerde
 Bornholm, Danimarka Resimleri

Parlamenter monarşiler
Avrupa ülkeleri
Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri
Birleşmiş Milletler üyesi ülkeler
NATO ülkeleri
İskandinav ülkeleri
Liberal demokrasiler
Avrupa Konseyi ülkeleri
Kuzey Avrupa
Avrupa Birliği'nde NUTS 2 istatistiksel bölgeleri
1814'te kurulan bölgeler ve ülkeler
Cumhuriyetler
Akdeniz İçin Birlik ülkeleri

Danimarka


Caterina a Suediei (; ) a fost prințesă suedeză și contesă palatină de Zweibrücken ca soție a vărului ei de gradul doi, Johann Casimir de Palatinate-Zweibrücken. Este cunoscută sub numele de mama adoptivă a reginei Christina a Suediei.

Biografie
Caterina a fost fiica regelui Carol al IX-lea al Suediei și a primei lui soții, Maria de Palatinate-Simmern. Personalitatea ei a fost descrisă ca fiind "o unire fericită a puterii și a înțelepciunii tatălui ei și umilința sensibilă a mamei ei". Mama ei a murit în 1589 iar ea a fost plasată în grija germanei Euphrosina Heldina von Dieffenau, pe care mai târziu ea a lăudat-o. În 1592 tatăl ei s-a recăsătorit cu Christina de Holstein-Gottorp. S-a înțeles bine cu mama ei vitregă și a fost apropiată de frații ei vitregi, dar mai ales a fost apropiată de fratele ei mai mare, viitorul rege Gustavus Adolphus, care a fost foarte afectuos față de ea. Tatăl ei a devenit regent în 1598 și a fost încoronat rege în 1607.

Cu ajutorul mamei vitrege, fratele reginei, arhiepiscopul Johann Frederik de Bremen a aranjat o căsătorie ăntre Caterina și ruda ei, contele Johann Casimir de Palatinate-Zweibrücken. Nunta a avut loc la 11 iunie 1615 la Stockholm. Caterina era una dintre cele mai bogate moștenitoare din Suedia. Cum situația economică la momentul respectiv era tensionată, ea a rămas în Suedia primii ani după căsătoria pentru a-și proteja afacerile. În ianuarie 1618 ea a plecat în Germania. Acolo, cuplul a primit castelul Kleeburg din nordul Alsaciei ca reședință. Anul urmator, Johann Casimir a început să construiască o nouă reședință ăn stil renascentist, Palatul Katharinenburg, în apropiere de Kleeburg. În 1620 Războiul de treizeci de ani i-au forțat să fugă la Strassbourg.

În 1622 fratele ei regele Gustavus Adolphus al Suediei i-a cerut să se întoarcă în Suedia, cu familia ei. Moartea fratelui ei mai mic în Suedia, precum și lipsa de moștenitori ai tronului suedez au fost în mod evident motivul pentru care monarhul a dorit să-i mute în siguranță, departe de Războiul de treizeci de ani. Caterina a acceptat invitația și a ajuns în Suedia cu familia ei, în iunie 1622. La sosire, nașterea fiului ei Carol a consolidat imediat poziția ei.

Ea și soțul ei au primit Castelul Stegeborg și o moșie în  Östergötland; caterina a fost numită contesă de Stegeborg. Cuplul a menținut un stil de viață regal: o curte cu 60 de doamne de onoare și curteni. Caterina s-a implicat activ în gestionarea averilor în 1626 moșia regală Skenas a devenit fieful ei personal. Caterina era în termeni foarte buni cu fratele ei regele Gustavus Adolphus, despre care se știe că el i-a cerut sfatul. În timpul călătoriilor sale, adesea el o ruga să o controleze pe soția lui, regina Maria Eleonora. Caterina a fost expusă intrigilor de la curte cu scopul de a o ponegri în ochii cuplului regal, însă ea a reușit să evite aceste comploturi.

Familie
La 11 iunie 1615 ea s-a căsătorit cu contele palatin Johann Casimir de Palatinate-Zweibrücken. Cinci dintre copiil lor u dupravițuit copilăriei:

 Christina Magdalena (1616–1662); căsătorită cu Frederic al VI-lea, Margraf de Baden-Durlach. Regele Adolf Frederic al Suediei a fost strănepotul ei.
 Karl Friedrich (1618-1619)
 Elisabeta Amalie (1619-1628)
 Regele Carol X Gustav al Suediei (1622–1660).
 Maria Eufrosina (1625–1687); căsătorită cu contele Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie.
 Eleonora Catherine (1626–1692); căsătorită cu Frederick, Landgraf de Hesse-Eschwege.
 Adolf Johann (1629–1689).
 Gustav (c1631-?)

Toți regii Suediei care au urmat fiului ei, cu excepția a trei (Frederick I, Oscar I și Carol XIV Ioan), descind din ea. Frederick I și Oscar I s-au căsătorit cu descendenții ei, Carol XIV Ioan a fost fiul adoptat al descendentului ei Carol al XIII-lea.

Note

Nașteri în 1584
Decese în 1638
Casa de Vasa
Prințese suedeze

Caterina a Suediei


Örenli, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Afşin ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir,

Tarihçe
Daha önceleri Kaşanlı köyüne bağlı bir mahalle iken, 3 Eylül 1949'da yine aynı köye bağlı bir mahalle olan Haticepınar ile birleşerek köy statüsü kazandı. Haticepınar daha sonra ayrı köy statüsü kazanırken, 2012 yılındaki yasa değişikliğinden sonra iki köy de yeniden mahalle oldu.

Coğrafya
Kahramanmaraş il merkezine 201 km, Afşin ilçe merkezine 51 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Afşin'in mahalleleri

Örenli, Afşin


Daniel Gould Fowle (March 3, 1831April 7, 1891) was the 46th governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina from 1889 until his death in 1891. He had served as a state superior court judge from 1865 to 1867.

Fowle was the first governor to live in the governor's official residence, and ultimately died.  According to popular legend, the ghost of Gov. Fowle has haunted the North Carolina Executive Mansion from time to time.

Early life
Fowle was born in Washington, North Carolina to Samuel and Martha March Fowle. Samuel Fowle had moved to North Carolina from Massachusetts in 1815 and was a wealthy merchant. Daniel Fowle attended Bingham Academy, where he finished first in his class, and Princeton University. Upon graduating from Princeton in 1851 he studied law at Richmond Hill Law School and began a practice in Raleigh, North Carolina.

Civil War
Fowle was opposed to secession, but he still volunteered as a private in the North Carolina Militia. He was soon appointed major in the commissary branch. He resigned that post and helped to raise the 31st North Carolina Infantry regiment. On September 9, 1861, Fowle was appointed lieutenant colonel of the regiment. In February 1862, Fowle and the 31st NC were captured on Roanoke Island. He was paroled two weeks later. In September 1862, he was defeated in the election for colonel of the regiment and left the Confederate States Army. In October, he was elected to the state legislature representing Wake County, North Carolina. In March 1863, Governor Zebulon B. Vance appointed Fowle adjutant general of North Carolina with the rank of major general. Fowle resigned the post in the fall of 1863 after a disagreement with Vance. Fowle was reelected to the legislature in 1864.

Post-War
Fowle returned to his law practice and made a name for himself in the state Democratic Party. In 1868, he was elected as the state chairman of the Democratic Party. In 1880 he was defeated in the gubernatorial election and in 1884 he lost a race for Congress.

Governor
Fowle was nominated by the "liberal" faction of the Democratic Party in 1888 and he won the general election. As he was widowed when elected, his daughter Helen Whitaker Fowle Knight served as his first lady. He created a state railroad commission to protect farmers and advocated for education for women. He died while in office and is buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Raleigh.

References

External links
D.G. Fowle brief profile

1831 births
1891 deaths
Adjutants General of North Carolina
Daniel
Democratic Party governors of North Carolina
North Carolina state court judges
Burials at Historic Oakwood Cemetery
People of North Carolina in the American Civil War
Princeton University alumni
People from Washington, North Carolina

Daniel Gould Fowle


Wheatus are an American rock band from Northport, New York, formed in 1995. They are known principally for their 2000 single "Teenage Dirtbag", which appeared in the films Loser and Bully, the HBO miniseries Generation Kill, the Netflix original series Girlboss and The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, and the Hulu original miniseries The Girl from Plainville.

Origins
Brendan B. Brown, commonly known as BBB to fans, is the lead vocalist, guitarist, and the only remaining founding member of Wheatus, which he formed in 1995 with his brother, Peter Brown (drums) and Rich Liegey (bass).  Brown has also collaborated with James Bourne of Busted and McBusted (a collaboration between Busted and McFly) on several songs for McBusted's album, McBusted.

History

1995–2002: Formation and Wheatus
Wheatus was formed by Brendan B. Brown in 1995, on the lower east side of New York City. Brown began by writing a few songs, and subsequently enlisted the help of his brother Peter Brown on drums, Rich Liegey on bass and backing vocals and Philip A. Jimenez on various percussion instruments, keyboards, harmonica, providing samples and special effects. The band derives its name from the nickname "wedus" given to the Brown brothers by their father when they were children. Then, in 1999 they hired New York entertainment attorney Ray Maiello who booked them at the Luna Lounge on New York's Lower East Side for regular appearances. Maiello helped the group and shopped their self-produced debut album to major record labels.  Maiello sent demos to A&R executive Kevin Patrick from Columbia Records.  Maiello then arranged for Patrick to see a packed showcase at Mercury Lounge and Patrick quickly signed the band to a multi-album deal. Maiello was subsequently hired as the band's manager. Their self-titled debut album was released on August 15, 2000, and spawned the band's first and largest hit, "Teenage Dirtbag", a song which charted at No. 1 in Australia and No. 2 in the United Kingdom. Their second single, a cover of one of Erasure's signature songs – "A Little Respect", also reached very high chart positions, peaking at No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart. The third single from the album, a double A-side of "Leroy" and "Wannabe Gangstar", didn't perform as well as expected, only reaching No. 23 in the UK Singles Chart. Another song from the album, "Punk Ass Bitch", was bought by the creators of Jackie Chan Adventures and reworked as "Chan's the Man", the end credits theme for the program's first season.

2002–2005: Hand Over Your Loved Ones and Suck Fony
The band began work on their second album in the summer of 2002, with Brendan enlisting the help of his sister, Liz Brown, and the band's merchandiser, Kathryn Froggatt, as backing vocalists. Shannon Harris of Relish, a band who had previously supported Wheatus on their earlier tours, was also added to the band as keyboardist. The album's first single, "American in Amsterdam", was heavily underpromoted after the band had a dispute with their record label over their request to lip sync on Top of the Pops. When their second studio album, Hand Over Your Loved Ones, was released in Autumn 2003, it received little or no promotion in the United Kingdom, and was never released in the United States due to the ongoing dispute. In October 2004, the band made the decision to part with their record label, and as such, formed their own record label, Montauk Mantis. During this time, they also enlisted Michael Bellar as a replacement for Shannon Harris, who had decided to leave the band over the dispute. In February 2005, the band re-released Hand Over Your Loved Ones under the new title Suck Fony. For the re-release, the album included new songs, including the new track "William McGovern", and a cover of the Pat Benatar classic "Hit Me with Your Best Shot". The album was originally only made available via the band's website, until 2007, when it was added to iTunes and Amazon MP3 after the band signed a distribution contract.

2005–2007: Line-up changes and Too Soon Monsoon
Bassist Mike McCabe left the band in March 2005, shortly after the release of Suck Fony. He was subsequently replaced by Nicolas diPierro. The band subsequently began recording a new album in April 2005, and just three months later, the album's first single, BMX Bandits, was released as a limited edition 7" single. In October 2005, the band's third studio album, Too Soon Monsoon, was released via their official website. Since early 2010, Too Soon Monsoon has been made available via a "pay what you want" donation scheme via the band's official website. Days after the release, Michael Bellar decided to leave the band, and was replaced by Gerard Hoffmann. A second single from the album, The London Sun, was released in February 2006, however, the release marked the departure of Nicolas diPierro, who was subsequently replaced by 19-year-old rookie bassist Matt Milligan. A further lineup changed occurred in May 2006 when drummer Pete Brown decided to give up being a musician to get married. He was subsequently replaced by Kevin Garcia, leaving Brendan Brown as the only remaining member from the original lineup. The next lineup change occurred only five days later, when Kathryn Froggatt left the band due to pregnancy. She later turned her hand to a new band project, entitled Amberlove. Kathryn was replaced by Connie Renda, however, she subsequently changed her mind, and was subsequently replaced by Missy Heselton. In February 2007, Wheatus joined the UK leg of the Get Happy Tour, along with founders Bowling for Soup and Army of Freshmen and British pop-punk outfit Son of Dork, for a sold out 13 show tour. The tour sparked the departure of Liz Brown, who decided to return to her original line of work in New York. Missy Heselton also took a back step from vocal duties to concentrate on studying.

2008–2012: Pop, Songs & Death
The band began recording new material in October 2007. The material's release was carried over until February 2008, when a video for the song "Real Girl" was released to YouTube. The video was written, directed and filmed by Brendan, with assistance from Heselton and Milligan. On February 3, the band made an announcement claiming that the material they had been recording would be available to purchase in the fourth quarter of 2008. In March 2008, the band performed several tour dates in the United States, and also announced dates for an acoustic performance in the United Kingdom. In October 2008, the band completed a successful tour of the UK, during which some of the new material was showcased in an acoustic form. In November 2008, the band returned to the recording studio to perfect their new material, and thus, set a release date for a six-track EP, entitled Pop, Songs & Death, Vol 1: The Lightning EP. In early 2009, Brendan composed music for motion picture April Showers, a film which deals directly with the Columbine Massacre. On June 1, 2009, The Lightning EP was expected for release; however, it was not available until June 2 due to a series of technical difficulties, including a server crash on their website. In January 2010, Wheatus began a worldwide theater tour, with dates spanning the United States, United Kingdom and Austria. They were supported by nerdcore rapper MC Frontalot. In April 2010, Brown announced via his official Twitter page that Pop, Songs & Death, Vol. 2: The Jupiter EP was scheduled for release in May 2010. However, the released was pushed back to December 23, 2010.

In November 2012, the EPs were released together as the band's fourth studio album, Pop, Songs and Death.

2012–2014: The Valentine LP
Following a re-release of the single "Lemonade", supported by the first of three Lego videos created by Oliver Broadbent, the band released their fifth studio album, The Valentine LP in 2013. The album is described a set of "post-apocalyptic love songs", according to Brown. Brown claimed that he delved into the concept of "reconstituting society, fighting zombies, and trying to maintain some kind of romantic relationship at the same time.", whilst the album's sound is reminiscent of 1970s-era The Who, Rush and AC/DC.

An album sampler was released on YouTube on July 27, 2013, while full tracks from the record were uploaded between August 14 and September 9. The album was released on August 2, 2013, as digital download (mp3 and FLAC) through the band's website, with a vinyl version shipping in late 2013. The digital version of the album includes a PDF entitled "Valentine Comic", with concept art for the album, depicting a zombie apocalypse love story. The concept art was designed by graphic artist Ecol (Eric Collins). In September and October 2013, the band toured the album in the UK. Prior to the tour, long-term drummer Kevin Garcia left the band. He was replaced by William Tully.

Following the album's release, the band recorded a new single, "Only You", a collaboration with two members of One Direction's band, bassist Sandy Beales and drummer Josh Devine. The single was released on July 6, 2014. The collaboration came about as a result of One Direction covering "Teenage Dirtbag" on their Where We Are Tour. The album was later released on CD through Blacktop Records in the UK in 2014, with three bonus tracks: "Only You", a single mix of "Holiday" and an acoustic version of "Only You".

2014–2018: Sixth studio album
Since 2014, the band have been in the process of recording a sixth studio album. Tentatively titled Beasts of the Unknown, Brown has stated that the direction of the album will be "80's metal" and will be inspired by the bands that he grew up listening to as a teenager. The first track to feature on the album, "Zelda", first appeared in the band's live setlist in late 2014. Recording was due to take place in late 2015, until plans for a tour celebrating the fifteenth anniversary of their debut album were announced. During this time, William Tully left the band and was replaced on drums by Leo Freiré. Joey Slater also replaced Karlie Bruce after she left the band for a second time. The band then toured with Busted on their Pigs Can Fly arena tour. Brown then stated that recording will continue following the tour's completion.

In late 2016, Brown stated in an interview; "Album [seven] is almost ready to be recorded and we'll be working on that over the winter and hope to have that done by 2017." Brown also stated that twenty songs had been written for the release, and the band were aiming to record them all before the start of the year. "Tipsy" was released as the album's lead single on December 22, 2016. After announcing a further UK tour for April and May 2017, Brown announced that recording had once again halted. During this time, keyboardist Mark Palmer also left the band, with Brandon Ticer brought in as his replacement. Karlie Bruce also returned on backing vocals after a three-year absence, joining Gabrielle Sterbenz and Joey Slater. On June 8, 2018, "Lullaby" was released as the album's second single. A further new song, "Michelle", was first performed live in September 2018 and has often erroneously been referred to by Brown as the band's "new single" ever since, despite it not yet being released.

2018–present: Touring & classic lineup reunion
In November 2018, the band returned to the UK to tour as a support act for A on a fifteenth anniversary tour in support of their album Hi-Fi Serious. In early 2019, the band provided direct support to Mike Doughty on the first leg of his twenty-fifth anniversary tour of Soul Coughing's Ruby Vroom, their first full US tour in many years. For these shows, Leo Freire was replaced by drummer Madden Klass. Brown, Milligan & Klass also acted as members of Doughty's band for the duration of the tour.

In early 2019, the band announced plans for their first world tour since 2000, playing in the United States and South Africa, as well as 48 dates across Germany, the Netherlands & the United Kingdom. On April 5, 2019, the band played a special show at the Mercury Lounge in New York, which featured two sets: one from the current lineup, and one from the "classic" lineup, with Peter Brown, Mike McCabe, Phil Jimenez, Liz Brown & Kathryn Froggatt performing together for the first time since 2003. During the Welsh dates of the band's world tour, Brown expressed support for Scottish and Welsh independence from the United Kingdom, showing up at a 'Yes' rally march.

As well as continuing to record their sixth album, Brown has stated that the band are in the midst of preparing a 20th anniversary expanded edition of their self-titled debut album, due out in 2020 alongside a 20th anniversary tour.

Brown was featured on the title track of the Math the Band album, Flange Factory Five, released October 2, 2020.

Members

Current
 Brendan B. Brown – lead vocals, guitars (1995–present)
 Matthew Milligan – bass, electric upright bass (2006–present)
 Gabrielle Aimée Sterbenz – backing vocals (2011–present)
 KC Marotta – drums (2022–present)
 Joey Slater – backing vocals (2015–present)
 Brandon Ticer – keyboards (2017–present)

Former

Drums
 Peter McCarrick Brown (also backing vocals, turntables & samples) (1995–2006)
 Kevin Joaquin Garcia (2006–2013)
 James Williams (touring replacement for Kevin Garcia) (2011)
 William Tully (2013–2014)
 Madden Klass – drums (2019–2022)
 Leo Freire – drums (2015–2022)

Keyboards
 Philip A. Jimenez (also percussion, samples, turntables, harmonica, banjo, special effects, multiple other instruments) (1995–2003)
 Shannon Patrick Harris (2002–2004)
 Michael Bellar (2004–2005)
 Gerard Charles Hoffmann (2005–2011)
 Ken Flagg (2011)
 Mark Palmer (2011–2016)

Bass
 Rich Liegey (also vocals) (1995–2000)
 Mike Joseph McCabe (also backing vocals) (2000–2005)
 Nicolas DiPierro (2005–2006)

Backing Vocals
 Elizabeth Grace Brown (2002–2007, 2014)
 Kathryn Elizabeth Froggatt (2002–2006)
 Vanessa Jimenez (2003)
 Melissa "Missy" Heselton (2006–2007)
 Constance Renda (2006)
 Johanna Cranitch (2007–2011)
 Georgia Haege (2007–2008)
 Dani Elliott (2011)
 Delaney Gibson (2011)
 Karlie Bruce (2012–2014, 2017–2019)

Timeline

Discography

Wheatus (2000)
Hand Over Your Loved Ones (2003)
Too Soon Monsoon (2005)
Pop, Songs & Death (2012)
The Valentine LP (2013)

References

External links
Official Wheatus website

Musical groups from Long Island
Musical groups established in 1995
Columbia Records artists
1995 establishments in New York (state)
Alternative rock groups from New York (state)

Wheatus


Greatest Fits is a greatest hits album by American industrial metal band Ministry, released on June 19, 2001 by Warner Bros. Records.

Background
The compilation was released to coincide with the release of the movie A.I. Artificial Intelligence, which features a scene of the band performing "What About Us?" Paul Barker had intended for "Over the Shoulder" and "Burning Inside" to appear on the compilation, but they were left off due to time limitations.

Track listing

 "What About Us?" was originally briefly featured in a scene from the film A.I. Artificial Intelligence. "So What" originally appeared on the album The Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Taste. "Reload" originally appeared on the album Filth Pig, with the 12" version from the Reload single. The cover of Black Sabbath's "Supernaut" was later featured on the album Cover Up.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Greatest Fits.

References

2001 greatest hits albums
Ministry (band) albums
Warner Records compilation albums

Greatest Fits


La Gioconda şu içeriklerde olabilir:

 Leonardo Da Vinci ustanın, ölümsüz eseri Mona Lisa;
 Bir opera ise: Amilcare Ponchielli. La Gioconda.
 1953 yılında İtalyan yönetmen, Roberto Rossellini tarafından çekilen La Gioconda filmi.

La Gioconda


الشيخ غومة خليفة عون المحمودي شيخ قبائل المحاميد زعيم المنطقة الغربية في ليبيا 1831-1858
قائد واحدة من كبريات الثورات في العالم العربي ضد السيطرة العثمانية 1835-1858
و أحد الأبطال والفرسان المميزين والمشاهير في الذاكرة الشعبية الليبية.

نسبه

هو غومة بن خليفة بن عون من أولاد عون المنحدرة من أولاد عبد الله المرموري أحد أبرز فروع قبائل المحاميد وهم بنو محمود بن طوق بن بقية بن وشاح بن عامر بن جابر بن فائد بن رافع بن دباب بن ربيعة بن زعب بن جرة بن مالك بن خفاف بن امرئ القيس بن بهثة بن سليم.

تولت قبيلته الزعامة التقليدية لغالبية المناطق الواقعة غرب وجنوب غرب طرابلس منذ مقدمها في اواخر القرن الخامس الهجري وحتى العهد الإيطالي.

مولده ونشئته

ولد حوالى سنة 1210 هجرى الموافق عام 1795 في مضارب قبيلته بمنطقة الحوض و تحديدا قرب وادى الأثل غربى بلدة بئر الغنم، حيث يقيم المحاميد من أولاد المرمورى، وتربى على قيم البادية الأصيلة، ونشأ في بيت مشيخة شهير تركزت فيه زعامة المحاميد الغربيين وزعامة تحالف قبلي يشمل أغلبية القبائل في جنوب غرب طرابلس.
حيث كان جده الشيخ عون شيخا عاما للمحاميد وتلاه والده الشيخ خليفة بن عون ثم الشيخ محمد بن أبي القاسم بن خليفة ثم وصلت المشيخة للشيخ غومة بن خليفة في عام 1831 م.

علاقته مع يوسف باشا القرمانلى و ولاة العهد التركى الثانى لليبيا

الصفحة تحت الاعداد

قاد حركة مقاومة ضد الحكم العثماني بسبب سوء الإدارة والرغبة في حصول الجبل الغربي على الاستقلال الذاتي وتولى إدارته من قبله. تعتبر حركة الشيخ غومة المحمودي 1835-1858م من أهم الحركات التي شهدتها إيالة طرابلس الغرب إبان الحكم العثماني 1551-1911 م و أبرزها فقد كانت حركة شعبية بمعني أنها شملت قطاعاً كبيراً من سكان الإيالة ضم بعض القبائل الكبيرة ذات القوة والنفوذ واتسع تأثيرها في منطقة جغرافية واسعة ضمت معظم الجبل الغربي والمنطقة الغربية من الإيالة، واستمرت فترة زمنية طويلة ناهزت الربع قرن، فشكلت بذلك خطورة كبيرة هددت الوجود العثماني في البلاد، وألحقت بجيشه الهزائم في عدة مواقع، واستنزفت إمكاناته الاقتصادية وسببت له الأزمات السياسية التي أدت إلى سقوط الولاة وتغيير القيادات العسكرية، كما كانت موضوع اهتمام الباب العالي و السلطان العثماني بصورة شخصية، وكانت لها تأثيراتها على الأوضاع القبلية ومراكز النفوذ في الإيالة، واسترعت على الصعيد الخارجي انتباه الإنجليز و الفرنسيين فأقحمت ولو بصورة غير مباشرة في الصراع الدائر بينهما.

من أشعاره
جزناه خط بخط زي النيله

و فتناه بر العز و مراحيله

جزناه فى الشراقه

قطعناه خط بخط قلبى طاقه

دموعى على رؤوس اللحى دفاقه

اشابيب من بعض السحايب سيله

غومة فى الأمثال الشعبية الليبية
1- "جاب راس غومة" يضرب للشى الكبير الهام.

2- "اللى طرالكم يا محاميد يا طرالكم يا جوازى" يضرب لمن سيأتي دوره بعد زملائه.

3- "الضرب للمحاميد و الثناء لغومة" يضرب لمن يأخد شهرة و الصيت و فى المقابل يحجب الصيت و الشهرة عن صاحبها الحقيقى.

مراجع

مجاهدون ليبيون

غومة المحمودي


L'ambassade du Sénégal en Guinée est la principale représentation diplomatique de la république du Sénégal en Guinée.

Histoire

Liste des ambassadeurs

Références

Guinée
Sénégal

Ambassade du Sénégal en Guinée


Jon Peter Lewis (born November 7, 1979) is an American singer and songwriter, and was one of the finalists on the third season of the reality/talent-search television series American Idol. He was frequently referred to by the judges and Ryan Seacrest as JPL.

Lewis later formed a duo titled Midas Whale with a friend Ryan Hayes and appeared on the fourth season of The Voice.

Biography
Lewis lived in various cities across the United States before leaving home at the age of 18. He graduated from Central High School in Cheyenne, Wyoming in 1998. He starred in the lead role of Thorin Oakenshield in a local children theater's production of The Hobbit in the summer of 1997. Lewis performed in other numerous theatrical productions and was a band member of various rock and roll bands throughout his high school and college years. Lewis is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and attended Brigham Young University–Idaho for a time hoping to pursue a career in medicine.

American Idol
At the age of 23, Lewis cashed in his college loans to audition for the third season of American Idol in Honolulu, Hawaii where he sang '"Crazy Love" by Van Morrison. Praised by Simon Cowell for his "very, very good voice," Lewis went on to display an uninhibited stage personality that won the hearts of millions of Idol fans. Simon Cowell later hailed Jon as "the dark horse to win the competition," and Rolling Stone magazine pegged Jon as a "pick to win," while Elton John praised Lewis's voice for his "excellent pitch and phrasing."

Affectionately known as 'JPL' by his fans, Lewis was a member of the third group of semi-finalists and performed the Elton John song "Tiny Dancer". After performing "A Little Less Conversation" in the wild card round, Lewis was put through as a finalist by audience vote, receiving 22% of all votes cast.

On April 15, 2004, Lewis was voted off in eighth place after a flashy rendition of "Jailhouse Rock" during movie songs week. During the competition, he had displayed a three-octave vocal range and developed a strong fan following. As part of the Top 10, Lewis participated in the 50-city American Idols Live tour in the summer of 2004.

American Idol performances

Post-Idol
Rather than accepting business offers to use his Idol fame to release a quick pop album, Lewis decided to work on his own musical style and create original music. From late 2004 to 2006, Lewis spent the majority of his time composing original music working closely with music producer Alex Gibson of Henson Recording Studios, among other notable entities in Hollywood. "Turn to Grey" was among the first songs that he wrote; he composed it while on tour with the Idol finalists. Jon recorded part of the song as a homage to Jennifer Hudson after she told him that she loved singing the song around her house.

In 2005, he collaborated with Canadian songwriter/actor James Collins to write and record "It's Christmas", which was released by EMI/Universal in Canada as part of the Now Christmas 2 album. The song went to number thirteen on the Canadian radio charts in two weeks. In addition, a second original holiday song "California Christmas" was recorded by Lewis and released in 2006 for the album Breaking for the Holidays by Breaking Records. The upbeat holiday song was called a "Christmas classic" by Chuck Taylor of Billboard magazine.

In September 2006, Lewis released his second single containing the songs "If I Go Away" and "Man Like Me" through his independent label, Cockaroo Entertainment. His limited release debut album, Stories from Hollywood, was released on his 27th birthday, November 7, 2006, making Jon the first Idol finalist to independently release an album of original songs. The album is a collection of energetic rock and roll and intimate acoustic tracks.

Lewis' second full-length album, Break the Silence, debuted July 22, 2008. The album was released through Cockaroo Entertainment in conjunction with Adrenaline Music Group and Lieber Management. Chris Garcia, who has worked with Santana and Michelle Branch, Dido and Jewel, produced the album under the guidance of executive producer Don Grierson, a former head of A&R for Capitol and Epic Records. Lewis wrote or co-wrote several tracks for the album, featuring musicians such as guitarist Nick Lashley, drummer Kenny Aronoff and Blake Mills. The CD has received critical praise including a "Critic's Choice" review from Billboard magazine. It was called "one of the best pop/rock CD's of the year" by Monica Rizzo of People magazine and "a much stronger album" by Ken Barnes of USA Today. The title track single hit the top 30 charts on Hot AC radio and in November 2008 was one of only fifty songs pre-programmed into all of the new iPhones on display at Apple Stores and AT&T stores across the country. Lewis went on to release a self-titled EP in February 2010.

In 2009, Lewis launched an internet show titled American Nobody. The program takes an inside look at the music business as well as a tongue-in-cheek view of pop culture. The show received early critical praise. American Idol journalist and biographer Richard Rushfield described the show as, "a hilarious romp through Idol land built around the misadventures of a singer who, seven years after Idol, is still searching to find his place in the industry." American Nobody was added to TV Guides "Hot Web List" and the Los Angeles Times called it "the most brilliant and biting satire of Idoldom ever written."

Jon Peter Lewis met Ryan Hayes in Rexburg, Idaho and became friends. In 2010, Lewis produced and starred in a rock opera, Deep Love: A Ghostly Folk Opera. The production, co-written by Ryan Hayes and Garrett Sherwood, debuted in Idaho in October 2010 and garnered support, which positioned the show into a multi-city theatrical event. Deep Love was chosen as one of ten shows produced for the New York Musical Theatre Festival in July 2015.

In 2015, Lewis released an EP titled Roughcuts. According to Lewis the recordings are in their "roughest and raw forms" and "they are like first drafts from my brain and may end up as Midas Whale songs."

Lewis has been a contributor to MTV, Entertainment Weekly, Rolling Stone magazine, Los Angeles Times, and AOL Entertainment.

Midas Whale
In 2013, Jon Peter Lewis teamed up Ryan Hayes to become Midas Whale (a pun on "might as well"). According to Lewis, he asked Ryan if he wanted to form a band and be on TV and Ryan replied "Might as well", which then became the name of the duo.

The Voice
In 2013, Jon Peter Lewis and Ryan Hayes auditioned for the fourth season of The Voice as duo Midas Whale. In their audition, which broadcast on March 26, 2013, they performed the Johnny Cash song "Folsom Prison Blues". All four judges pressed their "I Want You" button and turned their chairs. Lewis and Hayes chose to join Adam Levine's team. They were eliminated in the knockout rounds.

Post-The Voice
As Midas Whale, Jon Peter Lewis released their first full-length album titled Sugar House on February 11, 2014. The album was produced by Stuart Maxfield and funded by fans via Kickstarter where they raised over $30,000.

Discography

Albums

EPs
2010: Jon Peter Lewis (EP)
2015: roughcuts (EP)

Singles
2004: "Turn to Grey" download single. Blues-funk.
2005: "Stories from Hollywood" download single. Alternative rock.
2005: "It's Christmas" single. Peaked at number thirteen on Canada's Top 50 Pop Adult BDS chart
2006: "If I Go Away / Man Like Me" double-sided single. Alternative rock and pop. (Cockaroo Entertainment)
2010: "Crazy Love"
2014: "Howling at the Moon" (as Midas Whale)Appearances in
2004: "My Girl" in American Idol Season 3: Greatest Soul Classics".
2004: "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" in Season 3's Finalists' ensemble collective. Trackj also on American Idol Season 3: Greatest Soul Classics2005: "It's Christmas", a track on Now Christmas 2 compilation album. It went up to No. 13 on Canadian radio charts. Album released in Canada. (EMI)
2006: "California Christmas", a track on Breaking for the Holidays''" compilation album. (Breaking Records)

References

External links
 Website of Singer/Songwriter Jon Peter Lewis at jonpeterlewis.com.
 JPL's MySpace
 JPL's American Nobody show website
 Records
 Breaking For the Holiday's page at Breaking Records
 Reviews of Album at Amazon
 Jon Peter Lewis discography
 Jon Peter Lewis on Rithum
 Jon Peter Lewis's American Nobody podcast

1979 births
21st-century American singers
Alternative rock singers
American Idol participants
American alternative rock musicians
American blues singers
American folk singers
American funk singers
American male pop singers
American rock singers
American performers of Christian music
Living people
Musicians from Lincoln, Nebraska
The Voice (franchise) contestants
21st-century American male singers

Jon Peter Lewis


විවිධ ආර්ථිකයන්ට මුහුණ දීමට සිදුවන පොදු ගැටළු (මූලික ආර්ථික ප්‍රශ්න)

කුමන භාන්ඩ කොපමණ ප්‍රමාණයකින් නිපද විය යුතුද යන්න (පාරිභෝගික භාණ්ඩ හෝ පෞද්ගලික භාණ්ඩ හෝ ආයෝජන භාණ්ඩ හෝ පොදු භාණ්ඩ හෝ නිපදවනවාද යන්න)
කෙසේ නිෂ්පාදනය කළ යුතුද? (ශ්‍රම සුක්ෂම නිෂ්පාදන ශිල්ප ක්‍රමයක් හෝ ප්‍රාග්ධන සුක්ෂම නිස්පාදන ශිල්ප ක්‍රමය යොදා ගන්නේ ද යන්න)
කවුරුන් සදහා නිෂ්පාදනය කරන්නේ ද යන්න (ආදායම් බෙදීයාම පිලිබද ගැටළුවයි)

මෙම ගැටව විසදීමේ විශ්ලේශණ උපකරණයක් වශයෙන් නිෂ්පාදන හැකියා මායිම් වක්‍රය භාවිතා කළ හැක. ආර්ථිකයකට නිපදවිය හැක්කේ භාණ්ඩ වර්ග දෙකක් පමණක් යැයි සිතුවහොත් නිෂ්පාදන හැකියා මායිම් වක්‍රය වගුවක් හෝ ප්‍රස්ථාරයක් විය හැක. එමගින් භාණ්ඩ වර්ග දෙකක් නිපදවිය හැකි විවිධ ප්‍රමාණයන් නිරූපණය වේ. දියුණු තාක්ෂණය මගින් ඵලදායිතාවය අඩු කිරීමෙන් හෝ භූමිය, ශ්‍රමය, ප්‍රාග්ධනය ආදී සම්පත් සම්භාරය වැඩිකිරීම හෝ නිස්පාදන හැකියාව වර්ධනය කර ගත හැකිය. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස ප්‍රස්ථාරයේ A ලක්ෂ්‍ය සලකා බලමු. මෙහි නිෂ්පාදනය කාර්යක්ෂමව සිදු වන්නේ නම් ආහාර FA ප්‍රමාණයක්ද පරිගණක CA ප්‍රමාණයක් ද නිපදවිය හැකියි. එලෙසම B ලක්ෂ්‍යයට අදාළ ආහාර FB ප්‍රමාණයක් ද පරිගණක CB ප්‍රමාණයක් ද නිපද විය හැකිය. මෙම සෑම ලක්ෂ්‍යයක්ම ආර්ථිකයේ උපරිම නිෂ්පාදන හැකියාව නිරූපණය කරයි. එක් භාණ්ඩයක උපරිම නිමවුමත් එම අවස්ථාවේදී අනෙක් භාණ්ඩයෙන් කළ හැකි උපරිම නිමවුමක් මෙමගින් නිරූපණය කරයි.

හිඟකම මගින් නිරූපණ්‍ය කරන්නේ මිනිසුන්ට ලබාගැනීමට අවශ්‍ය වුවත් සමස්ථ වශයෙන් නිෂ්පාදන හැකියා මායිම් වකුය මත එය ලබ‍ගැනීමට නොහැකි වීමය. එනම් නිෂ්පාදන හැකියා මායිම් වක්‍රයේ එලියෙන් පිහිටන ලක්ෂ්‍යයක් මගින් හිඟකම නිරූපණය වේ. එක් භාන්ඩයක නිස්පාදනය වැඩි කිරීමෙහ්දී අනෙක් භාණ්ඩයේ නිස්පාදනය කැප කිරීමට සිදු වේ. එනම් ප්‍රතිලෝම සම්බන්ධතාවයක් පවතී. එයට හේතුව එක් භාණ්ඩයක නිෂ්පාදනය වැඩි කිරීමට අවශ්‍ය අමුද්‍රව්‍ය අනෙක් භාණ්ඩය නිෂ්පාදනය අඩු කිරීමෙන් ලබාගත යුතුවීමයි. වක්‍රයේ කිසියම් ලක්ෂයයක බෑවුමක් භාණ්ඩ දෙක අතර එකිනෙකා හුවමාරු කර ගත යුතු ප්‍රමාණය පෙන්නුම් කරයි. මින් මැන දක්වන්නේ කිසියම් භාණ්ඩයකින් අමතර එක් ඒකකයකින් නිපදවීමේදි අනෙක් භාණ්ඩයෙන් කැප කිරීමට සිදුවන ප්‍රමාණයයි. වෙනත් විධියකින් ප්‍රකාශ කළහොත් මෙමගින් මැන දක්වන්නේ ආවස්ථික පිරිවැයයි. හිඟකම හා තේරීම අතර පවතින මූලික සම්බන්ධතාවය ලෙසද ආවස්ථික පිරිවැය හැදින්විය හැකිය.  නිෂ්පාදන හැකියා මායිම මත හිඟකම යන්නෙන් අදහස් වන්නේ වක්‍රය මත කිසියම් භාණ්ඩයකින් එක් ඒකකයක් වැඩිපුර තෝරාගැනීමේදි අනෙක් භාණ්ඩයේ යම්කිසි ප්‍රමානයක් අහිමිවීමයි. මෙය අදාළ ආර්ථිකයක් තුළ තවමත් වක්‍රය මත ඉහළට හෝ පහලට ගමන් කිරීම තේරීමක් වශයෙන් හදුන්වයි.

විග්‍රයේදී, වක්‍රය මත පවතින සෑම ලක්ෂණයක්ම උපරිම කාර්යක්ෂමතාවයක් නිරූපණය කරයි. එනම් දෙන ලද යෙදවුම් වලින් උපරිම නිපැවුමක් ලබාගෙන ඇති බවයි. චක්‍රය ඇතුළත පවතින A ලක්ෂණය නිෂ්පාදනය කළ හැකි වුවුත් එමගින් අකාර්යක්ෂම නිෂ්පාදනයක් නිරූපණය කරයි. මෙහිදී එම ලක්ෂණය වක්‍රය මතට ගෙන ඒමෙන් හෝ ඉදිරියට තල්ලුකිරීමෙන් එක් භාන්ඩයක හෝ භාන්ඩ දෙකේම නිෂ්පාදනය වැඩි කළ හැක. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස මෙවැනි අකාර්යක්ෂමතා ඇති වන්නේ විරැකියා තත්ත්වයකදී, ආර්ථික පසුබැස්මකදී හෝ ව්‍යාපාර වක්‍ර අවස්ථාවකදීය. නිෂ්පාදන හැකියා මායිම මත ලක්ෂ්‍යණයක කටයුතු කළත් සම්පුර්ණයෙන්ම තෘප්තිමත් විය නොහැකි පාරිභෝගිකයන්ට අවශ්‍ය භාණ්ඩ සංයෝගයක් එමගින් නිරූපණය නොවන්නේ නම්ය.
ඉහත සදහන් කරන ලද පොදු මූලික ආර්ථික ප්‍රශ්න වලට අදාළව එම ප්‍රතිපත්ති වලට අදාළ වඩා ප්‍රයෝගික ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව සලකා බලා ආර්ථික කාර්යක්ෂමතාව වැඩි දියුණු කළ හැක්කේ කෙසේ ද යන්න තීරණය කළ හැක.හිඟකමේ යථා ස්වරූපය අවබෝධ කර ගනිමින් සම්පත් වලින් උපරිම ප්‍රයෝජන ලබාගැනීමට සාමාජීය සංවිධානය කළ යුත්තේ කෙසේද යන්න විස්තර කර ඇත්තේ ආර්ථික විද්‍යාවේ සාරය ලෙසය. මෙමගින් අද්වීතිය දායකත්වයක් ලබාගත හැක.

Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics#Production_possibilities.2C_opportunity_cost.2C_and_efficiency

නිෂ්පාදන හැකියාව, ආවස්ථික පිරිවැය හා කාර්යක්ෂමතාව


Nicolas-Toussaint Charlet () a fost un pictor și gravor francez.

A studiat la atelierul lui Antoine-Jean Gros, unde îl cunoaște pe viitorul pictor Gilles-François Closson.
Debutează cu o litografie intitulată Garda moare dar nu se predă și care se bucură de succes.
Continuă să deseneze și să execute litografii cu diverse subiecte istorice.
Talentul său este apreciat de Théodore Géricault, cu care leagă o strânsă prietenie.

Opera sa litografică se compune din circa 1.100 de planșe.
De asemenea, a realizat aproape 2.000 de desene în sepia, acuarelă și în acvaforte.

O stradă din Paris îi poartă numele, iar în Place Denfert-Rochereau este ridicată o statuie care îl reprezintă.

Note

Nașteri în 1792
Decese în 1845
Pictori francezi din secolul al XIX-lea
Oameni din Paris

Nicolas-Toussaint Charlet


Bazaarvoice, Inc. ist ein US-amerikanischer Softwarehersteller der im Jahr 2005 von Brett A. Hurt und Brant Barton gegründet wurde. Das Unternehmen hat seinen Hauptsitz in der texanischen Stadt Austin und unterhält Büros in Amsterdam, London, München, Paris, Stockholm und Sydney (Stand 2012).

Die Aktien des Unternehmens werden seit dem 24. Februar 2012 an der Börse NASDAQ gehandelt.

Bazaarvoice ist im Bereich Online-Marketing tätig und bietet anderen Unternehmen seinen Dienst als Software as a Service an. Es hat sich auf User-Generated-Content spezialisiert, bei dem Kunden von Onlineshops Produkte bewerten und empfehlen können.

Das Unternehmen wächst sehr schnell, hat aber in seiner Geschichte bisher noch keinen Gewinn gemacht. (Stand März 2012) Der Umsatz wird zu mehr als zwei Drittel in den USA erwirtschaftet und stieg von 22,5 Millionen US-Dollar im Jahr 2009 auf 64,5 Millionen US-Dollar 2011.

Mitbegründer Brett Hurt hatte schon im Februar 1999 das Unternehmen Coremetrics gegründet, das im Bereich Web Analytics tätig ist und Mitte 2010 von IBM übernommen wurde.

Im September 2007 beteiligten sich die beiden Risikokapitalgesellschaften Battery Ventures und Austin Ventures mit neun Millionen US-Dollar an Bazaarvoice. Zuvor hatten schon First Round Capital und weitere dem Unternehmen Kapital zur Verfügung gestellt.

Die Übernahme des Unternehmens PowerReviews aus San Francisco wurde am 12. Juni 2012 abgeschlossen. Die Transaktion hatte ein Volumen von 168,2 Millionen US-Dollar.

Nach eigenen Abgaben hatte Bazaarvoice Ende Januar 2012 insgesamt 737 Kunden, davon 87 aus der Fortune 500-Liste.

Im Jahr 2017 wurde die Übernahme des Unternehmens durch Marlin Equity Partners beschlossen.

Weblinks
 Website von Bazaarvoice

Einzelnachweise

Softwarehersteller (Vereinigte Staaten)
Ehemals börsennotiertes Unternehmen (Vereinigte Staaten)
Unternehmen (Austin)
Gegründet 2005

Bazaarvoice


Jamson Madureira é um artista plástico, músico e quadrinista brasileiro.

Biografia

Jamson Madureira começou a atuar na cena underground de Sergipe por volta de 1996 como líder da banda Camboja (que existia desde o início dos anos 1990), representante do estilo grindcore e que depois começou a sofrer influências do rock industrial, sendo considerada uma das mais inovadoras da cena do rock sergipano.

Em 1998, Madureira tornou-se artista plástico, produzindo variados fanzines, quadrinhos, capas de disco, ilustrações para livros e exposições individuais e coletivas. A principal influência do artista eram os quadrinhos, especialmente as obras de Bill Sienkiewicz e George Pratt.

No início dos anos 2000, Madureira criou o personagem Automazo, que se tornou recorrente em suas obras e estreou o fanzine Automazo e a amante do Mutante, feito e desenhado a mão, xerocado e distribuído pelo próprio artista. Em 2005, exibiu os originais dos fanzines em uma galeria de arte com o título Automazo Extremo e foi convidado a participar como único representante de Sergipe na mostra de novos talentos da Funarte do Rio de Janeiro. Em 2018, foi feita uma nova edição da série Automazo, seguida de um projeto de um curta-metragem de animação com o personagem.

Prêmios e exposições

Em 2003, Jamson Madureira ganhou o Prêmio DB Artes de melhor roteirista independente por Automazo Extremo. No ano seguinte, ganhou o Prêmio Capital de melhor zine. Em 2005, ganhou novamente o Prêmio Capital, dessa vez como melhor artista independente.

Já realizou as seguintes exposições individuais: Sintética Natural (SESC Centro, 1998), Automazo (Complexo Lourival Batista, 2004), Evidências (Galeria Álvaro Santos, 2006), Mutatis Mutantes (SESC Centro, 200), Jamson Madureira (Energisa, 2008) e Jamson Madureira (Mãe Preta, 2009).

Ligações externas

Artistas plásticos de Sergipe
Autores de banda desenhada do Brasil

Jamson Madureira


was a town located in Higashiusuki District, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,684 and the density of 16.73 persons per km². The total area was 279.91 km².

On March 31, 2007, Kitagawa was merged into the expanded city of Nobeoka and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

External links
Nobeoka official website

Dissolved municipalities of Miyazaki Prefecture
Nobeoka, Miyazaki

Kitagawa, Miyazaki


Jeppe Holmberg (født d. 14. juni 1996) er en dansk ishockeyspiller. Han spiller i øjeblikket for Vännäs HC.

Aalborg Pirates (2017-18)
Han spillede 64 kampe og scorede 1 mål.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Ishockeyspillere fra Danmark
Ishockeyspillere fra Aalborg Pirates

Jeppe Holmberg


Baron Jørgen Wilhelmsen Gyldenkrone (Güldencrone) er af den adelige slægt Güldencrone og søn af Baron Wilhelm Marselis Gyldenkrone, fra hvem han også overtog Urup Herregård på Sydfyn. Hans mor er Baronesse Regitze Sophie Vind. Baronen var gift med Baronesse Vibeke Dorothea Gyldenkrone (født von Gersdorff-Malschwitz).

Jørgen Wilhelmsen Gyldenkrone er født 1682 på Urup Herregård og døde samme sted 1714 (gravlagt d. 11. juni 1714), hvorefter at Enkebaronesse Regitze Sophie Vind overtog Urup Herregård.

Familie

Ægteskab
Baron Jørgen Wilhelmsen Gyldenkrone (Güldencrone) blev i 1702 gift med Vibeke Dorothea Gyldenkrone (født von Gersdorff). Parret fik sammen 7 børn.

Børn - med Baronesse Vibeke Dorothea Gyldenkrone

 Vilhelm Gyldenkrone (f. 17 aug. 1706, d. 7 sep. 1710)
 Edel Margrethe Jørgensdatter von Pultz (født Gyldenkrone) (f. 6 sep. 1707, d. 29 dec. 1803)
 Frederik Gyldenkrone (f. 28 maj 1709, d. 1 okt. 1781)
 Regitze Sophie Gyldenkrone (f. 25 maj 1710, d. 18 dec. 1792)
 Vilhelm Gyldenkrone (f. 13 maj 1711, d. 27 maj 1711)
 Georgine Christiane Gyldenkrone (f. 1715, d. nov. 1715)
 Ida Dorothea Gyldenkrone (f. 15 aug. 1715, d. 21 maj 1745)

Ejerskab og besiddelser

 1701 - 1714 - Urup Herregård

Kilder og henvisninger

 Dansk Center for Herregårdsforskning - Urup Herregård - http://www.danskeherregaarde.dk/nutid/urup
 Johnnys Slægtsforskning - Jørgen Gyldenkrone - http://olhus.dk/getperson.php?personID=I78233&tree=tree1

Jørgen Wilhelmsen
Baroner fra Danmark


مسرح
 خمسون، وهي مسرحية تونسية من إخراج الفاضل الجعايبي عام 2006.

خمسون (توضيح)


Floristica reprezintă activitatea de producție și vânzare de flori. Floristica cuprinde îngrijirea florilor, design-ul, realizarea de aranjamente florale, prezentarea lor, vânzarea și livrarea florilor. În domeniul floristic, firmele de distribuție vând flori la vrac, în cantități foarte mari, iar florăriile vând flori și aranjamente florale. Clienții finali pot achiziționa aranjamentele florale din florării, magazine online, supermarketuri sau magazine specializate.

Istoric
Cele mai vechi aranjamente florale menționate documentar au fost realizate în Egiptul Antic, în jurul anului 2.500 î. Hr. Egiptenii au fost primii care au tăiat florile într-un mod estetic și le-au organizat în aranjamente florale în vase, pentru a decora locurile în care locuiau. Tot egiptenii sunt primii negustori de flori. La înmormântări, procesiuni  religioase sau pentru decorațiuni, egiptenii apelau la oameni specializați în aranjamente florale. Acești floriști se ocupau de selectarea unor flori cu valoare simbolică potrivită, inclusiv din punct de vedere religios. Pentru ghirlandele de flori purtate în cadrul înmormântărilor, se vindeau foarte multe flori.

În culturile greacă și romană s-au folosit pentru prima oară ierburi și ramuri de măslin în realizarea aranjamentelor florale. Floarea preferată a romanilor a fost trandafirul. Mesele romanilor erau, de multe ori, împodobite cu aranjamente realizate de trandafiri. Grație parfumului foarte puternic al trandafirilor, masa era numită și "Ora Trandafirului".

Designul floral reprezintă ara creării de aranjamente florale fie în vaze, boluri, coșuri sau alte recipiente, fie ca buchete și alte compoziții din flori, plante și iarbă ornamentală. În limba română, termenii "design floral" și "floristică" sunt considerați sinonime.
Educația formală și informală reprezintă un segment cheie al industriei de florării. Floriștii experimentați susțin cursuri în cadrul cărora împărtășesc din experiența lor cursanților interesați de design-ul floral, fie ca hobby fie profesional. Aceste cursuri sunt organizate în România în mediul privat și mai puțin sub umbrela unor instituții de învățământ.

Aranjamentele florale în  Europa

Aranjamentele florale ajung în Europa în jurul anului 1000 d. Hr.. În prima etapă au fost foarte populare în biserici și mănăstiri, după care s-au extins spre ornarea meselor și decorarea bisericilor. Pe măsură ce cruciații s-au întors din Orientul Mijlociu, au adus cu ei plante noi și interesante. În consecință, țările europene au început să folosească plante care le erau necunoscute anterior.

Evul mediu (476 – 1400 d. Hr.)

În această epocă, călugării erau renumiți pentru grădinile cu ierburi și flori sălbatice. În cea mai târzie parte a perioadei gotice, florile au atins un rol mai dominant, cum ar fi florile care apar pe picturile de pe altar si manuscrise.

Un aspect important al vietii mănăstirii era existența unei grădini de plante medicinale, care să furnizeze medicului produsele farmaceutice necesare pentru tratamenele sale. Sa crezi doar in puterea plantelor , fără referire la creatorul lor [Dumnezeu] era, totuși, considerat ca nepotrivit pentru un creștin . Pentru că Dumnezeu "face ierburiele să crească", utilitatea lor medicală este fundamental spirituală . În plus, multe plante au fost folosite de călugări și creștini, în general, în ritualuri sacre și ceremonii.

Deficitul de personal în domeniul floristic, în România
Potrivit unei analize de piață citată de Televiziunea Română în anul 2019, în România, deficitul de personal calificat în domeniul floral este de 10.000 de floriști: "În prezent, peste 8.000 de firme din toată țara își împart evenimentele de la care nu lipsesc aranjamentele de flori cu dichis. Patronii se plâng de lipsa floriștilor, mai puțini cu 10.000 în acest moment față de nevoile reale."

Referințe

Flori
Horticultură
Aranjamente florale

Floristică


Dark ambient (tijekom 1980-ih uglavnom nazivan ambient industrial) žanr je postindustrijalne glazbe koji se oslanja na stvaranje zloslutne, često tugaljive, monumentalne ili klaustrofobične atmosfere, katkad uz korištenje disonantnih tonova. Nalik je ambijentalnoj glazbi, žanru koji je nadahnuo mnoge glazbenike dark ambienta, u konceptualnom smislu i načinu skladanja. Iako se uglavnom izvodi korištenjem elektroničkih sredstava i instrumenata, u dark ambientu pojavljuju se i semplirana rukom svirana glazbala i poluakustična procedura snimanja; vrlo je blizak ritualnoj industrijalnoj glazbi.

Etimologija
Izraz dark ambient početkom 1990-ih skovao je Roger Karmanik kako bi opisao glazbu Raison d'êtrea i izvođača nalik tom projektu koji su povezani s diskografskom kućom Cold Meat Industry.

Podrijetlo i razvoj
Korijeni dark ambienta nastali su tijekom 1970-ih, u vrijeme nastanka novih, manjih i jeftinijih pedala za efekte, sintesajzera i uređaja za sempliranje. Rani elementi žanra prisutni su na albumu D.o.A: The Third and Final Report of Throbbing Gristle grupe Throbbing Gristle iz 1978. godine. Među važnijim uradcima koji su prethodili žanru i utjecali na njega nalazi se dvostruki album Zeit Tangerine Dreama iz 1972. godine, koji, za razliku od svih kasnijih albuma skupine, napušta svaki oblik ritma i odredljive melodije i zamjenjuje ih mračnim, vijugavim, katkad jezivim zvukovljem, i Affenstunde (iz 1970.) krautrock sastava Popol Vuh.

Projekti kao što su Lustmord, Nocturnal Emissions i Zoviet France razvili su se iz industrijalne glazbe tijekom 1980-ih i jedni su od najranijih izvođača koji su dosljedno stvarali dark ambient. Ti se izvođači služe tehnikama industrijalne glazbe kao što su stvaranje buke i iznenađivanje slušatelja, ali tim se tehnikama služe suptilnije. K tome, ambijentalna industrijalna glazba često je usmjerena na okultizam, a posebice na magiku Aleistera Crowleyja i magiju kaosa, zbog čega glazba dobiva ritualistički prizvuk.

Među izvođačima koji stvaraju ambijentalnu industrijalnu glazbu odnosno dark ambient nalaze se Controlled Bleeding, CTI, Coph Nia, Deutsch Nepal, Hafler Trio, Lustmord, Nocturnal Emissions, PGR, Thomas Köner, Zoviet France, Cabaret Voltaire, SPK, Lab Report, Akira Yamaoka, Robin Rimbaud, Endura, Vidna Obmana, Daniel Menche, Lull, Hwyl Nofio, Hieronymus Bosch i Final. Mnogi od tih izvođača stvaraju raznoliku glazbu, pa tako veći dio njihova opusa nije dio ambijentalne industrijalne glazbe.

Karakteristike
Dark ambient često se sastoji od disonantnih harmonija drona i rezonancije, niskofrekventne tutnjave i buke strojeva, a katkad ga čine i zvuk gongova, ritmovi izvođenih udaraljkama, distorzirani glasovi i razni ostali zvukovi, koji su često toliko prerađeni da izvorni sempl više nije prepoznatljiv. Primjerice, uradci mogu biti utemeljeni na snimkama radioteleskopa (kao Arecibov Trans-Plutonian Transmissions), glasanjem novorođenčadi (kao Mouths of Babes Nocturnal Emissionsa), ili zvukovima snimljenih pomoću kontaktnih mikrofona na telegrafskim žicama (kao Primal Image Alana Lamba).

Glazba uglavnom izaziva osjećaj usamljenosti, melankolije, zatočeništva i izolacije. Međutim, iako glazbena tema zna biti "mračna", određeni glazbenici stvaraju "organskije" zvukovlje. Primjere takvih radova čine uradci izvođača kao što su Oöphoi, Alio Die, Mathias Grassow, Tau Ceti i Klaus Wiese. Serijal Symphonies of the Planets, zbirka radova nadahnuta valovima plazme na čujnoj frekvenciji koje su snimile Voyagerove svemirske sonde, također se može smatrati organskim oblikom dark ambienta.

Podžanrovi

Izolacionizam

Izolacionizam je stil dark ambienta koji se razvio tijekom 1990-ih. Naziv je skovao britanski glazbenik Kevin Martin. Novinar David Segal nazvao ga je "zlokobnim, antisocijalnim bratićem ambijentalne glazbe".

Naziv "izolacionizam" kao naziv glazbenog žanra prvi se put pojavio u primjerku časopisa The Wire u rujnu 1993. godine, u kojem se odnosio na oblik razlomljene glazbe koja "tjera" slušatelje. Autor tog članka britanski je glazbenik Kevin Martin, tada poznat po projektima GOD i Techno Animal. John Everall, vlasnik diskografske kuće Sentrax, izjavio je da su korijeni izolacionizma u ranim izvođačima industrijalne glazbe, krautrocku, ambijentalnoj glazbi i skladateljima kao što su John Cage i Karlheinz Stockhausen.

James Plotkin smatra da su ambijentalna djela Briana Ena najviše utjecala na scenu izolacionizma, kao i američka eksperimentalna glazba izvođača kao što je Illusion of Safety. Plotkin tvrdi:

Izvori

Elektronička glazba

Dark ambient


En puddingbroodje eller roombroodje er en hollandsk type bagværk, der består af sødet hvidt brød med cremet fyld imellem og pyntet med flormelis, der er drysset henover. Cremen kan være vanillecreme, flødeskum eller budding, hvoraf vanillecreme er mest udbredt. Flormelis bliver ofte strøget over for pynt og smag.

Et par andre versioner er kendt i Holland:
Chocoladeroombroodje, der er dækket med et lag chokolade
Hongkongs roombroodje, en type kinesisk bagværk strøget med kokos

Se også
 Brødbudding

Kager
Mad fra Holland

Puddingbroodje


Lacorzana es una localidad del municipio de Armiñón, en la provincia de Álava.

Historia
Aunque perteneciente al País Vasco, se halla situada junto al municipio burgalés de Miranda de Ebro (Castilla y León), en cuyo controvertido fuero  considerado fechado en 1099 ya es nombrado, representando ésta su referencia histórica más antigua.

Pascual Madoz advierte en su diccionario (1846-1850) que entonces pertenecía al ayuntamiento de Armiñón, en la provincia de Álava, al partido judicial de Añana, a la audiencia territorial de Burgos y a la Diócesis de Calahorra. Disponía de nueve casas, incluyendo la torre-palacio, la iglesia parroquial y una ermita dedicada a la Purísima Concepción, y tenía una población de siete vecinos y treinta almas.

La localidad es de propiedad privada, y algunas de sus casas se utilizan esporádicamente como domicilios de fin de semana.

Demografía

Monumentos
Dentro de los edificios más emblemáticos que se conservan, destaca la Torre de los Hurtado de Mendoza, ubicada a orillas del río Zadorra, que fue casa fuerte de la familia Hurtado de Mendoza, de la que toma el nombre. Fue reedificada sobre otra estructura anterior por Hurtado Díaz de Mendoza, y por su hijo. Fue descendiente de ellos Diego Hurtado de Mendoza y Guevara (1590-1639), décimo señor y primer vizconde de la Corzana, y caballero de la Orden de Santiago, a quien el rey Felipe IV de España le concedió la dignidad del Condado de la Corzana en 1639, accediendo a la Grandeza de España en 1707.

La Iglesia de San Martín constituye el segundo edificio de mayor interés de la localidad; se trata de los restos de lo que fuera la iglesia parroquial, una edificación de estilo románico. Además, dentro de su término municipal se hallan las ermitas de Nuestra Señora de Lacorzanilla y San Antón.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Álava

Lacorzana


Das Torneo de la Comunidad de Madrid de Baloncesto ACB ist ein vom Regionalverband der Autonomen Gemeinschaft Madrid, der Federación de Baloncesto de Madrid, organisiertes Basketballturnier. Der Bewerb wird seit 1984 jeweils vor Beginn der Spanischen Meisterschaft ausgetragen. Teilnahmeberechtigt sind jene Klubs aus der Autonomen Gemeinschaft Madrid, die in der höchsten spanischen Basketballliga vertreten sind. Rekordmeister ist Real Madrid mit 20 Titeln, CB Estudiantes gewann das Turnier neun Mal, Baloncesto Fuenlabrada hält bei einem Sieg.

Modus
Der Modus des Bewerbs ist abhängig von der Anzahl teilnehmender Mannschaften, sind nur zwei Klubs in der Liga ACB vertreten, so wird der Meister in der Regel in einem Spiel ermittelt, 1992 und 1994 in Hin- und Rückspiel. Anderenfalls wird ein Turnier (Jeder gegen jeden) an einem vorher bestimmten Ort veranstaltet.

Liste der Meister

Titel nach Klub

Anmerkungen

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website des Madrider Basketballverbandes (spanisch)
 25 años del Torneo Comunidad de Madrid auf clubestudiantes.com (spanisch)

Basketballwettbewerb in Spanien
Sportveranstaltung in der Autonomen Gemeinschaft Madrid

Torneo de la Comunidad de Madrid


El Acer pseudosieboldianum o árbol coreano de arce, también conocido como el arce de flor púrpura, es una especie de planta nativa de la península de Corea, del sur del extremo oriental de Rusia y el norte de China.

Descripción

Está presente ya sea en un pequeño o grande árbol o arbusto, y es de hoja caduca. Crece cerca de 12 a 18 pulgadas por año. En la madurez, el árbol puede alcanzar entre 15 a 20 pies.
Las hojas son alrededor de 4 a 6 pulgadas de ancho y tienen cerca de 9 a 11 lóbulos. Las hojas empiezan de color verde, pero cambia de varios tonos de rojo, amarillo y naranja por el otoño. Las flores que producen son de color blanco con brácteas de color púrpura. Las nuevas flores que crecen producen pelos blancos y pegajosos. Esto los distingue de las familia similar ''Acer sieboldianum'' que no cuenta con estos pelos. Puede vivir unos 70 años o más.
Mientras que el árbol contiene la corteza, no es especialmente grueso. Esto puede ser problemático en los meses de invierno si se somete a los vientos fuertes que pueden dañar la corteza. Si hay una abertura en la corteza, las posibles amenazas, como insectos u hongos pueden llegar e infectar el árbol. La principal enfermedad que afecta a esta especie se llama chancro que causa la muerte regresiva de los sitios infectados.

Distribución

El Acer pseudosiemboldianum es nativa de Rusia, Corea y China. Puede ser cultivado en zonas de 4 a 9. Se cultivó también en Dakota del Norte, que es USDA Zona 3 (-40 °C a -30 °C), y fue capaz de soportar una temperatura de -43 °C.

Usos

El árbol de arce coreanas se utiliza principalmente como planta ornamental. La gente a veces planta este árbol en vez del árbol de arce japonés porque es más resistente y puede soportar un clima más frío. No necesita mucho mantenimiento, debido a que no necesitan ser podados muy a menudo. Se recomienda podarlo sólo durante el verano. Esto es porque al igual que otros árboles, el arce produce savia por lo que si al podar demasiado pronto, podría conseguirse un poco de flujo de savia que debilitaría a este pequeño árbol.

Taxonomía
Acer pseudosieboldianum fue descrita por (Pax) Kom. y publicado en Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaničeskago Sada 22: 725. 1904.
Etimología
Acer: nombre genérico que procede del latín ǎcěr, -ĕris = (afilado), referido a las puntas características de las hojas o a la dureza de la madera que, supuestamente, se utilizaría para fabricar lanzas. Ya citado en, entre otros, Plinio el Viejo, 16, XXVI/XXVII, refiriéndose a unas cuantas especies de Arce.

pseudosieboldianum: epíteto compuesto latín que significa "como Acer sieboldianum".
Sinonimia
 Acer circumlobatum var. pseudosieboldianum Pax
 Acer circumlobatum f. pseudosieboldianum (Pax) Schwer.
 Acer ishidoyanum Nakai
 Acer microsieboldianum Nakai
 Acer sieboldianum var. mandshuricum Maxim.
subsp. takesimense (Nakai) P.C.DeJong
 Acer takesimense Nakai

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1988-2013. Flora of China (Checklist & Addendum). Unpaginated. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.

Enlaces externos

pseudosieboldianum
Plantas descritas en 1904

Acer pseudosieboldianum


Willy Mairesse (Belgija, 1. listopada 1928. – 9. rujna 1969.) je bivši belgijski vozač automobilističkih utrka.

Rezultati u Formuli 1

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Willy Mairesse na racing-reference.info

Belgijski vozači Formule 1

Willy Mairesse


No time er en eksperimentalfilm fra 1984 instrueret af Karin Westerlund efter manuskript af Karin Westerlund.

Handling
En film om tid. Förstora nutiden, vidga nuet. Splittra filmens egen tid. Små, oberoende av varandra, historier. Avbrutna. En svartvit, dansande, dokumentär rörelse. Ingen filmhistoria, ingen början, inget slut. Ingen förtrollning. Varja sekund sitt eget universum.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1984

No time


An Disa gladioliflora in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni William John Burchell ngan John Lindley. An Disa gladioliflora in nahilalakip ha genus nga Disa, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 D. g. capricornis
 D. g. gladioliflora

Mga kasarigan

Disa

Disa gladioliflora