The Cairngorms () are a mountain range in the eastern Highlands of Scotland closely associated with the mountain Cairn Gorm. The Cairngorms became part of Scotland's second national park (the Cairngorms National Park) on 1 September 2003. Although the Cairngorms give their name to, and are at the heart of, the Cairngorms National Park, they only form one part of the national park, alongside other hill ranges such as the Angus Glens and the Monadhliath, and lower areas like Strathspey.

The Cairngorms consists of high plateaux at about  above sea level, above which domed summits (the eroded stumps of once much higher mountains ) rise to around . Many of the summits have tors, free-standing rock outcrops that stand on top of the boulder-strewn landscape. In places, the edges of the plateau form steep cliffs of granite and they are excellent for skiing, rock climbing and ice climbing. The Cairngorms form an arctic-alpine mountain environment, with tundra-like characteristics and long-lasting snow patches. This area is home to bird species such as ptarmigan, dotterel, snow bunting, curlew and red grouse, as well as mammals such as mountain hare. The plateau also supports Britain's only herd of reindeer (albeit semi-domesticated). Surrounding the central massif are many remnants of the Caledonian forest in straths and glens of the Rivers Spey and Dee. These forests support many species that are rare elsewhere in Britain, including red squirrels, pine marten, wood ants, Scottish crossbill, capercaillie and crested tit.

There are no glaciers, but snow can fall in any month of the year, and snow patches usually persist all summer; for snow and ice climbing, the area is the most dependable in Britain. The mountains are also popular for hill-walking, ski touring and climbing, and there are three alpine ski centres in the range, at Cairn Gorm, The Lecht and Glenshee.

The range lies in the Scottish council areas of Aberdeenshire, Moray and Highland, and within the counties of Aberdeenshire, Inverness-shire and Banffshire.

Etymology

The original Gaelic name for the range is Am Monadh Ruadh (the red hills), distinguishing them from Am Monadh Liath (the grey hills), which lie to the west of the River Spey:

The English language name for the range is Cairngorms, and is derived from Cairn Gorm, which is prominent in the view of the mountains from Speyside. The earliest reference to this name appears to be from a Colonel T. Thornton, who visited the area in about 1786:

Cairn Gorm is generally translated as Blue Cairn, although the Gaelic gorm is also used as an adjective and verb, meaning green or greening and is often seen in connection with growing grass. Thus, there is a contradiction or confusion, because the original Scottish Gaelic name of the mountains translates to English as the "red hills" whilst their English name is the "blue hills" or the "green hills".

Geography

The Cairngorms consist of three large elevated plateaux adorned with low, rounded glacial mountains, and divided by the passes of the Lairig an Laoigh and the Lairig Ghru. The range gives the sense of being a single plateau, because the passes that cut through them are not very deep: the summit of Lairig an Laoigh lies at , whilst the summit of the Lairig Ghru is at  above sea level at the Pools of Dee, where the water may be frozen over even in mid-summer. This means a walker could cross between the Cairntoul () – Braeriach () massif to the Ben Macdui () – Cairn Gorm () massif and thence onto the Beinn a' Bhùird () – Ben Avon () massif without descending below the  summit of the Lairig an Laoigh. The range is drained by the Rivers Dee and Spey; and the latter's two tributaries: the Rivers Feshie and Avon.

The approximate southern boundary of the Cairngorm range is generally reckoned to run from slightly east of Braemar, west along the Dee and Glen Geldie to the head of Glen Feshie. The western edge of the range is defined by Glen Feshie and the River Spey as far as Aviemore, with the northern boundary running roughly eastward from Aviemore through Glenmore to Glen Avon. The eastern boundary is defined by Glen Avon and the Am Bealach Dearg, thus ending slightly east of Braemar.

The Cairngorms feature the highest, coldest and snowiest plateaus in the British Isles and are home to five of the six highest mountains in Scotland:

 Ben Macdui ()
 Braeriach ()
 Cairn Toul ()
 Sgor an Lochain Uaine ()
 Cairn Gorm ()

There are no public roads through the Cairngorms, and all the public roads in the general area either skirt the Cairngorms or stop short, providing access to them only. From the south and south-east, motorised access ends at Linn of Dee, or Allanaquoich. From the north-west, a road passes Coylumbridge, Glenmore and the Sugarbowl to end at the car park at the Cairngorm Mountain ski resort. The majority of hill-walkers access the range from these road ends.

Climate

In terms of height, remoteness and the severe and changeable weather, the Cairngorms are the most arduous area in the United Kingdom. The plateau area has a Tundra climate (Köppen ET), and the shattered terrain is more like the high ground in high-arctic Canada or northern Norway than what is often observed in the European Alps or Rockies. The weather often deteriorates rapidly with altitude so that, when there are moderate conditions  below the plateau, the top can be stormy or misty, and there can be icy or powdery snow. Even when no snow is falling, the wind can whip up lying snow to produce white-out conditions for a few metres above the surface, and snowdrifts can build up rapidly in sheltered places. Gravel can be blown through the air, and walking can be impossible.

The lowest recorded temperature in the United Kingdom has twice been recorded in the Cairngorms, at Braemar, where a temperature of , was recorded on 11 February 1895 and 10 January 1982. The greatest British wind speed of  was measured at Cairngorm summit weather station in January 1993. The weather can be very hazardous at times, with dangerous and unpredictable conditions. What is often described as Britain's worst mountaineering tragedy, the Cairngorm Plateau Disaster, left five children and one adult dead in November 1971.

Cairn Gorm gets  of snow annually according to snowforecast.com.

Snow patches

The Cairngorms hold some of the longest-lying snow patches in Scotland:

On Ben Macdui, snow has been known to persist at a few locations from one winter to the next.
Lying at the north-eastern shoulder of Cairn Gorm is Ciste Mhearad. This hollow contains a patch which, hitherto, was known to persist through many years, but has not done so since 2000. Observations in 2007 and 2008 revealed that September was the month when final melting occurred for this patch. It sits at an altitude of  and is located at approximately .
Braeriach's Garbh Choire Mòr is the location of Scotland's most persistent snow beds. Snow has been absent from this corrie just five times in the last century: 1933, 1959, 1996, 2003 and 2006. Sitting at an altitude of about 1140 m, these patches are located around ; the two most long-lasting patches are known as "the Pinnacles" and "the Sphinx" after the rock climbs lying above them. It has been claimed that Garbh Choire Mòr (as well as Coire an Lochain in the northern corries) may have contained a glacier as recently as the 19th century.

In 1994, the Cairngorms and surrounding mountains of north-east Scotland had 55 surviving patches, an exceptional number.

Geology

The Cairngorms were formed 40 million years before the last ice age, when slight uplift raised an eroded peneplain based on an exposed granite pluton. The highest present-day peaks represent eroded monadnock hills. During the ice ages, the ice caps that covered most of northern Scotland remained static—frozen to the ground for long periods—and actually protected the rounded summits and valleys and deep, weathered granite of the mountains of the area. Glacial erosion is represented in deep valleys which dissect the area. Many valleys are littered with glacial deposits from the period of glacial retreat. The most famous valley is the Lairig Ghru pass, a gouge through the centre of the mountains—a u-shaped valley, now partly filled with extensive scree produced by intense frost action during ice-free periods. Many parts of the Cairngorms exhibit classic periglacial weathering which occurred during cold periods in ice-free areas.

Tors are a common feature of the Cairngorm granite massif, being especially frequent on Ben Avon and Beinn Mheadhoin and impressively high on Bynack More. They represent masses of granite which are less closely jointed than surrounding rock and which have therefore been less susceptible to underground weathering associated with fluid percolation along joints. The present tors have been exhumed over a long period of time, not least by periglacial processes associated with ice ages during the Quaternary period.

Nature and conservation

The Cairngorms provide a unique alpine semi-tundra moorland habitat, home to many rare plants, birds and animals. Speciality bird species on the plateaux include breeding ptarmigan, dotterel, snow bunting, golden eagle, ring ouzel and red grouse, with snowy owl, twite, purple sandpiper and Lapland bunting seen on occasion. Mammal species include red deer and mountain hare, as well as the only herd of reindeer in the British Isles. They now roam the high Cairngorms, after being reintroduced in 1952 by a Swedish herdsman. The herd is now stable at around 150 individuals, some born in Scotland and some introduced from Sweden; since the individuals depend on humans for food and come from domesticated stock, they are not considered wild.

The surrounding areas feature an ancient woodland, one of the last major ones of its kind in the British Isles, known as the Caledonian forest. In the forests, capercaillie, black grouse, Scottish crossbill, parrot crossbill and crested tit are found. Of particular fame is the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) reserve at Abernethy Forest and Loch Garten. A famous pair of ospreys are present in the summer months, and they often attract large crowds to see them. The forest is home to the endangered capercaillie and endemic Scottish crossbill.

As well being included as part of the Cairngorms National Park the Cairngorm Mountains are designated as a national scenic area, one of 40 such areas in Scotland. Apart from a small area around the Cairngorm Ski Area, the whole of the mountain area is protected as both a Special Area of Conservation and a Special Protection Area, thus forming part of the Natura 2000 network of protected sites. The Cairngorms are classified as a Category IV protected area by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

The Cairngorms were declared a national nature reserve (NNR) in 1954, being the largest NNR in Britain. In 2006 Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) reviewed the Cairngorms NNR, and it was decided that the reserve should be broken up into separate, smaller reserves that reflected existing management units. There now are four NNRs within the core mountain area of the Cairngorms. Mar Lodge Estate, which covers the south side of the plateau and the watershed of the upper Dee has been classified as a national nature reserve since May 2017. The Abernethy Forest National Nature Reserve covers a stretch of land from the plateau down to Loch Garten on the north side of the range, and Glenmore Forest Park, covering a remnant of the Caledonian Forest surrounding Loch Morlich, is also designated as a national nature reserve. The Invereshie and Inshriach National Nature Reserve lies on the western flanks of the range, and extends to the summit of Sgòr Gaoith.

Threats to the ecosystem
The Cairngorms represents an unusually cold area of mountains in a maritime climate at 57 degrees north. The climate is projected to warm—and precipitation patterns to change—under present climate change models. This is an over-riding concern for the long-term conservation of this area. Ptarmigan has been considered as an indicator species for this process, although the natural population cycles of this bird do not seem to have been disrupted as yet.

Other man-made threats include the problems of popularity in a country with limited wilderness resources and a large, relatively affluent urban population. These include various types of recreation and the associated trampling damage and erosion, disturbance, litter and threats to water quality.

Human habitation and ownership

The valleys between the individual plateaux were used as drove roads by cattle drovers who built rough protective shelters for their arduous journeys. At about the same time that droving was dying out towards the end of the 19th century, deer stalking estates were flourishing, and so the shelters were developed into bothies to provide improved, though still primitive, accommodation for gamekeepers. In modern times, these bothies have been taken over by the Mountain Bothies Association for use by walkers and climbers to provide shelter and rough sleeping accommodation. With the exception of the bothies, there are no buildings or settlements within the Cairngorms, nor is there evidence for historic settlement, except in the uppermost reaches of the Derry and Gairn rivers. In the surrounding areas, villages such as Aviemore and Braemar provide a base for visitors to the core mountain area.

Much of the core mountain area is owned by conservation bodies, with the National Trust for Scotland owning Mar Lodge Estate, and the RSPB's Abernethy Estate stretching from the lower slopes up to the plateau. The main private landowners are the Glenavon Estate in the northeast, the Invercauld Estate in the southeast, the Glen Feshie Estate to the southwest and the Rothiemurchus Estate in the northwest.

Leisure

There is a funicular railway on Cairn Gorm serving the Cairn Gorm Ski Centre. The funicular opened in late 2001, and runs from a base station at 637 m up to the Ptarmigan Centre, situated at 1097 m, 150 m from the summit of Cairn Gorm. It was built amidst some controversy, with supporters of the scheme claiming that it would bring valuable tourist income into the area, whilst opponents argued that such a development was unsuitable for a supposedly protected area. A condition was therefore imposed under which walkers were not allowed outside the top station if arriving by funicular, although this did not apply to skiers and snowboarders in the winter. In 2010 the operating company proposed to modify this requirement to allow guided walks, whilst still preventing general access. Guided walks continued to be the only way for walkers and summer visitors to access the plateau if arriving via the funicular as of 2017.

The mountains are very popular for hill-walking, with eighteen Munros lying between Ben Avon in the east and Glen Feshie in the west. In winter these summits can often be reached by ski touring. The Cairngorms have excellent climbing, and has long attracted winter climbers, especially in the northern corries. This area boasts what was for a time probably the world's hardest traditionally protected mixed climb: "The Hurting", grade XI. As with all land in Scotland, there is a right of responsible access to the mountains for those wishing to participate in recreational pursuits, although the restriction on access via the funicular means walkers and climbers cannot use the railway to access the hills.

Angling for trout and salmon is popular in the lochs and rivers that surround the mountains, and Loch Avon in the very heart of the range is noted for its Arctic charr. Other popular activities include birdwatching and wildlife watching, whilst the Cairngorm Gliding Club (based in Glen Feshie) offers the opportunity for gliding.

Gallery

See also

 Ben Nevis
 Cairn Gorm
 Cairngorms National Park
 Caledonian Forest
 List of Munro mountains
 Mountains and hills of Scotland

Notes

References

Works cited

 John Allen joined the Cairngorm Mountain Rescue Team after the time of the disaster and went on to become its leader.

 Adam Watson is an academic and hill walker with very great experience of the Cairngorms.

External links

 The Badenoch and Strathspey Conservation Group
 The Cairngorm Club
 Cairngorms National Park
 Cairngorm Mountain
 Cairngorms Climate Change
 Walks in the Cairngorms
 WinterHighland

Mountains and hills of the Eastern Highlands
Mountains and hills of Aberdeenshire
Mountains and hills of Highland (council area)
Mountains and hills of Moray
Ski areas and resorts in Scotland
Rural Scotland
Tourist attractions in Highland (council area)
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Badenoch and Strathspey
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Kincardine and Deeside
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Moray and Nairn
Mountain ranges of Scotland
National scenic areas of Scotland

Cairngorms


Lista de voos tripulados para a ISS que ocorreram no período entre 2009 (STS-119) e 2019 (Soyuz MS-15).

Lista

Ver também
 Lista de voos tripulados para a ISS
 Lista de voos tripulados para a ISS (1998–2008)
 Lista de voos tripulados para a ISS (2020–2030)
 Lista de voos espaciais tripulados (2000-2009)
 Lista de voos espaciais tripulados (2010-2019)
 Lista de voos tripulados para a Estação Espacial Tiangong

Década de 2000 na exploração espacial
Década de 2010 na exploração espacial

Lista de voos tripulados para a ISS (2009–2019)


I. Erik ya da lakabıyla Kanlıbalta Erik, 10. yüzyılda hüküm süren York ve Norveç kralı.

Sekiz kardeşinden yedisini öldürdüğü için kendisine Kanlıbalta şanı yakıştırılmıştır. I. Harald'ın oğludur.

934'te Norveç'ten kovuldu ancak 948'de York kralı oldu ve 954'te kovulana dek orada hüküm sürdü. Stainmore'da öldürüldü.

Kaynakça

954 yılında ölenler
Güzel Saçlı Hanedanı
Erik 1
York
Northumbria Krallığı

I. Erik (Norveç kralı)


Ehud Olmert () (d. 30 Eylül 1945), İsrail'in 12. başbakanıdır.

Geçmişi

Ehud Olmert, 30 Eylül 1945 tarihinde İngiliz mandasındaki Filistin topraklarında (bugünkü İsrail) doğmuştur. Kudüs İbrani Üniversitesi'nde psikoloji, felsefe ve hukuk eğitimi alarak mezun olmuştur.

Politik kariyeri
Olmert, gençliğini sağcı gençlik organizasyonlarında görev alarak geçirdi. Ailesinin karşı çıkmasına rağmen Herut Partisiyle Mapai Partisi'nin uzun iktidar dönemine son vermek için birleşme çalışmaları yaptı.

Olmert, İsrail ordusunda Golani ekibinde piyade er olarak ve daha sonra da ordu basımevinde çalışmıştır. İsrail meclisi Knesset'e 1973 yılında 28 yaşındayken seçildi ve daha sonra 7 kez art arda seçimi kazandı. 1981-1988 yılları arasında, Dış İlişkiler ve Güvenlik Komitesi üyesi olarak ayrıca finans, eğitim ve savunma komitelerinde de çalıştı.

1988-1990 yılları arasında azınlık işleriyle, 1990-1992 yılları arasında da Sağlık Bakanlığında görev aldı. 1993 yılından 2003 yılına kadar iki ayrı dönem olarak Kudüs Belediye Başkanlığı görevinde bulundu. Bu görevde bulunan ilk Likud Partisi üyesi oldu. Belediye başkanlığı döneminde eğitim ve yol yapımına ağırlık verdi. Ayrıca şehir içi raylı sistem ve şehir dışına toplu taşıma yolları için büyük projelerin bir kısmının yapımına başlanmış, bir kısmı da bitirilmiştir.

Ehud Olmert Ocak 2003'te 16. Knesset'e üye seçildi. Likud Partisi'nin seçim kampanyasında ve ardından koalisyon çalışmalarında aktif rol oynadı. Seçimlerin ardından Başbakan Yardımcısı ve Endüstri, Ticaret ve Çalışma Bakanı olarak görev yaptı. Ayrıca 2003-2004 yılları arasında Ulaştırma Bakanı olarak da görev aldı.

Ariel Şaron'un 2. Başbakanlık döneminde, başbakan yardımcısı ve Şaron'un sağ kolu oldu. Eylül 2005'te yapılan geri çekilme planında Şaron'un en önemli destekçisiydi. Şaron, Likud'dan ayrılıp Kadima'yı kurmaya karar verdiğinde ise ona ilk katılanlardan biri oldu.

 Başbakan Vekili ve Kadima Lideri Olmert 4 Ocak'ta Ariel Şaron'un rahatsızlanmasının ardından başbakan vekili olarak göreve başladı. Şaron'un çalışamaz raporu almasının ardından Kadima Partisi'nin yöneticiliğine en yakın ismiydi. İsrail kanunlarına göre Ariel Şaron'un görevine devam edemeyeceği kesinleştikten sonra 100 günlük bir süre içinde yeni seçimlerin yapılması gerekiyordu. Seçimler 100 gün dolmadan gerçekleşti ve Olmert, Şaron'un yerine Kadima'nın yeni lideri oldu.
Şaron'un rahatsızlığının devam ettiği günlerde Olmert, Şaron yanlısı Şimon Perez ve Tzipi Livni 'yle görüşerek onların partide kalmasını sağladı. Böylece bu değişimin kan kaybına neden olmadan atlatılmasını sağlamış oldu. 16 Ocak 2006'da Olmert Kadima'nın lideri oldu ve 28 Mart seçimlerinin bir numaralı başbakan adayı oldu.

Beklenenden az olmasına rağmen 28 Mart seçimlerinde Knesset'teki 120 sandalyeden 29'unu kazanarak Kadima seçim zaferini ilan etti. Zafer konuşmasında azınlıkların hakkını koruyan, barış dolu, huzurlu, gelişmiş, eğitime, kültüre ve bilime önem veren ve Filistinlilerle barışı öngören bir politika izleyeceğini söyledi. 14 Nisan 2006 tarihinde İsrail'in 12. başbakanı oldu.Olmert, Peretz ile koalisyon aşamasında önemli aşama kaydetti. Birçok bakanlık üzerinde anlaşmaya varılmakla birlikte Olmert'in başbakan, Peretz'in ise Savunma Bakanı olmasına karar verildi ve 2008 Eylül ayının sonlarına doğru ülkede çıkan yolsuzluk iddialarına dayanamayıp istifa etmiştir.

Olmert, Kudüs Belediye Başkanı olduğu dönemde rüşvet aldığı suçlamasıyla yargılanıp 6 yıl hapis ve 290 bin dolar para cezasına çarptırılmıştır. Temyiz süreci sonrasında cezası 19 aya indirilmiştir. Böylece Ehud Olmert', ülke tarihinde hapis yatan ilk başbakan olmuştur. Ramle kentindeki Maasiyahu hapishanesinde cezasının 16 buçuk aylık bölümünü çekmiş, cezası sonra ermeden 2 Temmuz 2017 tarihinde 71 yaşındayken şartlı salıverilmiştir.

Ailesi
Ehud Olmert'in eşi Aliza bir sanatçıdır. Roman yazarlığının yanı sıra tiyatro oyunları da bulunmaktadır. Çiftin 4'ü kendilerinden, biri de evlat edinilmiş olmak üzere 5 çocukları vardır. En büyük kızları, Michal, Psikoloji masterı yapmakta ve yaratıcı düşünce üzerine seminerler vermektedir. Dana ismindeki bir kızları da Tel Aviv Üniversitesinde edebiyat doçentidir. Tel-Aviv'de lezbiyen partneriyle yaşamaktadır. Bu durum ailesi tarafından kabullenilmiştir. Dana ayrıca insan hakları organizasyonunda da çalışmaktadır. Oğulları Shaul evli bir sanatçı ve ailesiyle New York'ta oturmaktadır. Şaul ayrıca İsrail'deki futbol takımlarından Beitar Yeruşalayim'in sözcüsü olmuştur. (babasının tuttuğu takım) En küçük oğulları Ariel, Paris'te Sorbonne Üniversitesinde edebiyat eğitimi görüyor. Evlat edindikleri kızlarının ismi de Shuli'dir.

Olmert'in babası Mordehay Çin'in Harbin kentinde doğmuş ve büyümüştür. Orada Beitar'ın liderliğini de yapmıştır. Daha sonra İsrail'e geldiğinde 2. ve 3. Knesset'lerde görev almıştı. Olmert'in büyük babası J.J. Olmert I. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra Rusya'dan kaçıp Çin'e yerleşmişti. Babası 1933'te 22 yaşında İsrail'e gelmişse de son sözlerini dahi Çince söylemiştir.

Hapis cezası sonrası faaliyetleri
2009'da Olmert, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki çeşitli kolejlerde resepsiyonlarda konuşmalar yaptı. Ekim 2009'da Magnolia, Arkansas'ı ziyaret etti ve İsrail çiftçiliği, teknolojisi ve İsrail'in İran'a bakışından bahsetti. Konuşma Güney Arkansas Üniversitesi'nde yapıldı ve burada kırsal üniversiteyi İsrail'in Kudüs İbrani Üniversitesi ile ortaklık kurmaya davet etti.

2012'de İran'a askeri bir saldırıya karşı olduğunu ifade etti.

Temmuz 2019'da, ülke yetkililerinin Gazze Savaşı'nda potansiyel savaş suçları işlediği için sorgulanacağını bildirmesinin ardından İsviçre'ye planladığı ziyareti iptal etti.

2020'de Olmert, medyada Netanyahu yönetiminin ve Likud partisinin çok sert, açık sözlü ve sert sözlü bir eleştirmeni olarak yer alıyor.

Kaynakça

1945 doğumlular
İsrail başbakanları
Kudüs İbrani Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
Yaşayan insanlar
İsrail çalışma bakanları
İsrailli tutuklular ve hükümlüler
Likud partisi mensubu siyasetçiler
Rusya Yahudisi asıllı İsrailliler
İsrail tarafından tutuklanan kişiler
Rüşvet suçundan hüküm giyenler
Aşkenaz Yahudileri
İsrail sağlık bakanları
İsrail maliye bakanları
İsrail ekonomi bakanları
8. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
9. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
10. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
11. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
12. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
13. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
14. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
15. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
16. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
17. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri

Ehud Olmert


"  " ("U zdravom tijelu") je singl srpske pjevačice Konstrakta. Objavljena je 11. veljače 2022. putem PGP-RTS-a kao dio njenog projekta s tri pjesme . Napisala ju je Konstrakta uz Milovana Boškovića. Pjesma bi trebala predstavljati Srbiju na Eurosongu 2022. u Torinu u Italiji nakon pobjede u , nacionalno finale Srbije.

Ulazak u  kao autsajder u promoviranju Triptiha, Konstrakta je stekla ogromnu popularnost nakon nastupa u prvom polufinalu nacionalnog finala. Njezina avangardna pjesma i izvedba različito su okarakterizirani kao satira, ironija ili kritika srpskog zdravstvenog sustava, masovnih medija, pandemije COVID-19 i standarda ljepote;ref></ref> i kako svi ovi čimbenici odvlače pažnju od važnosti mentalnog zdravlja. Sama izvedba također je uspoređena s djelima srpske performans umjetnice Marine Abramović.

Pozadina
Konstrakta se prijavila na Pesmu za Evroviziju '22 s ciljem promoviranja projekta s tri pjesme Triptih čiji je dio i "In corpore sano", uz " Nobl " i " Mekano ". Kako je otkrila, "In corpore sano" odgovara zahtjevima Pesme za Evroviziju '22, jer traje tri minute, zbog čega je odabrana upravo ova pjesma. Otkrila je i da se sama nije prijavila na natječaj.

Triptih je pušten 28. veljače 2022. Riječ je o 12-minutnom glazbenom spotu koji sadrži sve tri pjesme. Njegov koncept osmislila je sama Konstrakta, uz Anu Rodić i njezinu direktoricu Maju Uzelac. Spot i pjesme ilustriraju suvremeni život u Srbiji, svaka na svoj način. <

Skladanje
"In corpore sano" su skladali Konstrakta i Milovan Bošković, a tekst je napisala sama Konstrakta.

Nastupi uživo

Promocija
Konstrakta je izvela pjesmu "In corpore sano" na predpartiju Israel Calling Eurovision u Tel Avivu 7. travnja 2022.  Dva dana kasnije pjesmu je izvela u trećoj epizodi desete sezone Zvijezde pjevaju na HTV-u 1.

Tena Šarčević iz Glazba.hr -a pjesmu je opisala kao "apsolutno remek-djelo", ustvrdivši da "vrišti snažne društvene i političke poruke na toliko razina, a pritom je izvrsno zabavna". Hrvoje Horvat iz Večernjeg lista smatra da je pjesma duhovita i kamperska.  Zoran Stajčić je za Ravno Do Dna opisao "In corpore sano" kao "točan primjer kako se pop mora osmisliti". To nije idiotska degradacija, već prije svega inteligencija i originalnost, a potom i sposobnost da se to oblikuje i prezentira kao zanimljiva ideja."  Edo Plovanić iz Muzika.hr -a smatra da je "dobro za [ex-yu] regionalnu glazbu" da je pobijedila autentičnost, neočekivanost i želja za nečim novim.  Jack Royston iz Newsweeka opisao je pjesmu kao "bizarni pop".

Pjesmu su pohvalili i kolege glazbenici među kojima su Bilja Krstić, Lena Kovačević, Jelena Tomašević i Bora Đorđević. Đorđević ga je usporedio s djelima Ramba Amadeusa, posebice s njegovom Eurovizijskom 2012. nastupom "Euro Neuro ". Pobjednica Eurosonga 2007. Marija Šerifović na Twitteru je pohvalila Konstraktom. Hrvatska glazbenica Ida Prester u razgovoru za Gloriju pohvalila je pjesmu i samu umjetnicu nazvavši je ekscentričnom, ciničnom i genijalnom.  Sara Jo, čija je pjesma " Muškarčina " zauzela drugo mjesto na Pesmi za Evroviziju '22, pohvalila je Konstraktu nazvavši je "čarobnom", "sinonimom za autentičnost", "inspiracijom i podsjetnikom kako je lijepo biti beskompromisno svoj".

Komercijalne izvedbe
Dan nakon njezine pobjede na Pesmi za Evroviziju '22, video Konstraktinog nastupa u prvom polufinalu dospio je na prvo mjesto YouTube ljestvice trendova u svim bivšim jugoslavenskim republikama, osim u Sloveniji, gdje je dospio na treće mjesto.  Osim navedenih zemalja, trend je bio u još devet europskih zemalja. U prva dva dana video je prikupio 3,5 milijuna pregleda na platformi. Naposljetku je dosegao prvo mjesto na YouTube ljestvici trendova u Sloveniji, Austriji i Švicarskoj.

Konstraktin nastup pokrenuo je trend na TikToku, gdje su korisnici replicirali dio koreografije tijekom refrena pjesme. Na Geniusu, tekst pjesme dosegao je drugo mjesto na tjednoj ljestvici trendova.

U tjednu 19. ožujka 2022., "In corpore sano" debitirao je na prvom mjestu Billboardove ljestvice Croatia Songs, provodeći dva tjedna na vrhu.

Izvori

Srbijanska glazba
Eurovizijske pjesme

In corpore sano


L'île Lapierre est une île de la rivière des Prairies faisant partie du Parc-nature du Ruisseau-De Montigny.

L'île d'une superficie de 5,4 hectares fait partie du groupe quatre îles situées en face du ruisseau de Montigny (les trois autres étant les îles Boutin, Rochon, Gagné). Elle trouve au sud-est des îles Boutin et Rochon sur le cours de la rivière des Prairies.

L'île Lapierre a été achetée en 2008 par la Ville de Montréal en collaboration avec Canards illimités pour y être intégrée au Parc-nature du Ruisseau-De Montigny. Elle est reliée à l'Île de Montréal par un pont.

Histoire
La famille Brignon dit Lapierre a été propriétaire de l'île de 1855 à 1957. Le nom de l'île évoque la mémoire de cette famille.

Notes et références

Archipel d'Hochelaga
Île au Québec
Île fluviale
Rivière des Prairies
Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles
Île inhabitée au Québec

Île Lapierre


An Habenaria readei in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni William Henry Harvey ngan Robert Allen Rolfe. An Habenaria readei in nahilalakip ha genus nga Habenaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Habenaria

Habenaria readei


Fatma Samba Diouf Samoura (nascida em 9 de setembro de 1962) é uma ex-diplomata e executiva sênior senegalesa. Ela foi nomeada a primeira secretária-geral da FIFA pelo presidente Gianni Infantino, em 13 de maio de 2016 e assumiu seu cargo em 20 de junho do mesmo ano.  Anteriormente, ela trabalhou em vários cargos nas Nações Unidas. Em 2018, a Forbes a classificou como número 1 em sua lista de mulheres mais poderosas em esportes internacionais, e a BBC a listou como uma de suas 100 mulheres mais inspiradoras do ano.

Carreira
Depois de ingressar no Programa Mundial de Alimentos das Nações Unidas (PMA), em 1995, ela atuou como Diretora do Programa Alimentar Mundial (PMA), das Nações Unidas, em Djibuti e no Camarões, ambos países africanos. Ela também trabalhou na sede do PMA, em Roma, na Itália. Ela cobriu várias emergências complexas, incluindo Kosovo, Libéria, Nicarágua, Serra Leoa e Timor-Leste.

Em 1º de novembro de 2007, o secretário-geral da ONU, Ban Ki-moon, em consulta com o subsecretário-geral para Assuntos Humanitários, John Holmes, a nomeou vice-coordenadora humanitária (DHC) para o leste do Chade, na África. Ela morava na cidade de Abéché, no Chade, localizada a aproximadamente 80 km a oeste da fronteira com a região de Darfur, no Sudão, que estava sendo devastada pelo conflito. Atualmente, o Chade abriga mais de 280.000 refugiados e mais de 170.000 deslocados internos (IDPs), a maioria dos quais na região leste, e ela foi incumbida de trabalhar para o retorno deles. Entre suas funções está dar apoio e orientação a uma equipe composta por sete agências das Nações Unidas e mais de 40 organizações não-governamentais (ONGs) internacionais que atuam no leste do Chade.

FIFA
Em junho de 2016, ela assumiu o cargo de secretária-geral da Federação Internacional de Futebol (FIFA), responsável por supervisionar o lado comercial e operacional da organização. Ela substituiu Markus Kattner, que estava envolvido em corrupção.

Poucos meses depois de conseguir o emprego, uma controvérsia eclodiu no Reino Unido sobre as regras que proíbem que os jogadores usem o símbolos de papoula de lembrança, uma flor artificial usada para celebrar os militares que morreram na guerra. Em 3 de novembro de 2016, Fatma Samoura declarou que Inglaterra, Escócia e País de Gales seriam punidos se usassem a papoula no Dia da Memória, já que a FIFA a classifica como um símbolo político. "A Grã-Bretanha não é o único país que sofre com a guerra", disse ela. "A Síria é um exemplo. Meu próprio continente [africano] foi dilacerado pela guerra durante anos. A única questão é 'por que estamos abrindo exceções para apenas um país e não para o resto do mundo?'" A primeira-ministra do Reino Unido, Theresa May, condenou a FIFA e disse ao Parlamento que a decisão de Fatma Samoura foi "totalmente ultrajante".

Reconhecimento
2018 - Lista das 100 mulheres mais inspiradoras do mundo, da BBC.

Veja também
 100 Mulheres (BBC)
 Mulheres na categoria BBC 100 Mulheres

Diplomatas do Senegal
Pessoas vivas
Nascidos em 1962
Pessoas na lista BBC 100 Mulheres de 2018

Fatma Samoura


Eddy Bosnar (født 29. april 1980) er en australsk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Australien
Personer fra Sydney

Eddy Bosnar


The King's Regiment (Liverpool) was one of the oldest line infantry regiments of the British Army, having been formed in 1685 and numbered as the 8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot in 1751. Unlike most British Army infantry regiments, which were associated with a county, the King's represented the city of Liverpool, one of only four regiments affiliated to a city in the British Army. After 273 years of continuous existence, the regiment was amalgamated with the Manchester Regiment in 1958 to form the King's Regiment (Liverpool and Manchester), which was later amalgamated with the King's Own Royal Border Regiment and the Queen's Lancashire Regiment to form the present Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (King's, Lancashire and Border).

The King's notably saw active service in the Second Boer War, the two world wars, and the Korean War. In the First World War, the regiment contributed dozens of battalions to the Western Front, Salonika, and the North West Frontier. More than 13,000 men were killed. In the Second World War, the 5th and 8th (Irish) battalions landed during Operation Overlord, the 1st and 13th fought as Chindits in the Burma campaign, and the 2nd Battalion served in Italy and Greece. The King's later fought in the Korean War, earning the regiment's last battle honour.

Nine Victoria Crosses were awarded to men of the regiment, the first in 1900 and the last in 1918. An additional two were awarded to Royal Army Medical Corps officer Noel Godfrey Chavasse, who was attached to the 10th (Scottish) Battalion during the Great War.

In peacetime, the regiment's battalions were based in the United Kingdom and colonies in the British Empire. Duties varied: riots were suppressed in Belfast, England, and the Middle East; bases were garrisoned in places such as the North-West Frontier Province and West Germany; and reviews and parades conducted throughout the regiment's history.

Colonial wars (1881–1914)

The Cardwell–Childers reforms from the 1860s to the 1880s substantially reorganised the British Army, principally by amalgamating single-battalion regiments to form regiments of multiple battalions. The King's, which already had two regular battalions, did not amalgamate, but did adopt a new title on the numbering system's abolition. Thus, on 1 July 1881, the two battalions of the 8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot became the 1st and 2nd Battalions, The King's (Liverpool) Regiment. The 8th Foot had been associated with Liverpool since 1873, when it became allocated to the town's 13th Brigade Depot. Regular regiments gained auxiliary battalions through the integration of the militia and volunteers, of which nine from Lancashire and the Isle of Man transferred to the King's and ultimately became part of the Special Reserve and Territorial Force.

The battalions after the 1881 reforms included:

Regulars

 1st Battalion
 2nd Battalion

Militia

 3rd (Militia) Battalion, former 1st Battalion, 2nd Royal Lancashire Militia (The Duke of Lancaster's Own Rifles)
 4th (Militia) Battalion, former 2nd Battalion, 2nd Royal Lancashire Militia (The Duke of Lancaster's Own Rifles)

Rifle Volunteers

 [5th] 1st Lancashire Rifle Volunteer Corps, became 1st Volunteer Battalion in 1888
 [6th/7th] 5th Lancashire (The Liverpool Rifle Volunteer Brigade) Rifle Volunteer Corps acting as a double battalion, became 2nd and 3rd Volunteer Battalions in 1888
 [8th] 15th Lancashire Rifle Volunteer Corps, became 4th Volunteer Battalion in 1888
 [9th] 18th (Liverpool Irish) Rifle Volunteer Corps (also including the Isle of Man RVC), became 5th (Irish) Volunteer Battalion in 1888
 [10th] 19th (Liverpool Press Guard) Lancashire Rifle Volunteers, became 6th Volunteer Battalion in 1888

Under the new system, it was envisaged that one regular battalion would be based in the United Kingdom and one overseas. The 1st Battalion had been in North West England since the late 1870s and had been bombed while based at Salford Barracks in 1881. The attack had been the first in a dynamite campaign instigated by the Irish Republican Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa. The barracks sustained only minor structural damage from the explosion, which killed a child and badly wounded its mother. Soon afterwards, rioting during mineworkers' strikes in Chowbent, Wigan, and Warrington required the battalion's intervention to prevent further disorder. In 1882, the battalion moved to Ireland, based in the Curragh. During the otherwise uneventful posting, the 1st responded to riots in Belfast. The sectarian disorder coincided with the introduction of the 1886 Home Rule Bill in the British Parliament. The battalion returned to England three years later.

The 2nd King's had been on the Indian subcontinent since 1877 and had fought in the Second Afghan War. The Third Burmese War punctuated the battalion's overseas service in the 1880s. Intent on deposing Upper Burma's King Thibaw and imposing imperial rule, Britain issued an ultimatum consisting of demands that were rejected as anticipated. The invasion began in November 1885 in the form of the Burma Field Force, which progressed up the Irrawaddy River via transports, enabling the rapid capture of frontier forts and the capital Mandalay. After the capital's seizure, the battalion provided an escort that oversaw the exile of Thibaw. A guerrilla campaign against the British followed the completion of Upper Burma's annexation on 1 January 1886, lasting for at least five years. For more than a year, the King's operated in small groups pursuing guerrillas in the Burmese jungle. Casualties numbered 12 officers and 256 men by the time the battalion had returned to India. In early 1900 the 2nd Battalion Liverpool Regiment was stationed at Gibraltar.

Overseas service for the 1st King's included a two-year residence in Nova Scotia, beginning in 1893. In January 1895, the battalion provided a 100-man guard of honour when the body of Canadian Prime Minister John Thompson was returned from Britain. The battalion subsequently became stationed in the West Indies, then Cape Colony in 1897. The Second Boer War began two years later. Prior to the outbreak of the war, as the discord between the British and Boer republics escalated, the 1st King's formed a company of mounted infantry and underwent intensive training at Ladysmith, Natal Colony. War was declared on 11 October and Natal invaded by a Boer force under General Piet Joubert. General George White held authority over 13,000 British personnel dispersed throughout Natal. Heavy losses were incurred by the British in the first major engagements of the war, at Talana Hill and Elandslaagte. Retreat to Ladysmith, where the British concentrated its largest contingent, ensued. Having besieged Kimberley and Mafikeng, Boers converged upon Ladysmith and positioned artillery pieces on surrounding hills overlooking the town.

On 30 October, General White ordered an attack on northern Boer positions. White's plans were described as vague, ambitious, and complicated, and the battle proved a disaster that became known to the British as "Mournful Monday". The 1st King's were allocated to Colonel Grimwood's column, which intended to advance on and secure Long Hill, believed to constitute the Boer's left flank. Unbeknownst to Grimwood, almost half of the brigade separated from the column during the night march while following a rightward deviation by the artillery batteries, including the oblivious 1st King's and Royal Dublin Fusiliers. In the morning light, the brigade discovered that its right flank was exposed by the distance of John French's cavalry and that Long Hill was unoccupied. Grimwood and French's men became pinned down by heavy rifle and artillery fire. Amidst rumours of an attack against the town being imminent and failure evident, White ordered the column to retreat at noon. The artillery provided cover during the chaos that followed and prevented greater loss of life. At Nicholson's Nek, to the north-west of Long Hill, the Boers took more than 1,000 prisoner.

The Boers enclosed Ladysmith on 2 November, beginning a 118-day siege. The King's, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Llewelyn Mellor, became assigned to the north-eastern defensive sector under Colonel Knox, a disciplinarian who instituted a programme of fortification development in his area. Construction of the defences occurred mostly at night, although rain, oppressive heat, and cold limited the opportunity to rest. On 6 January, the King's mounted infantry helped repulse a Boer attempt to penetrate the southern perimeter. By late January, the scarcity of supplies had become particularly acute. Disease pervaded while the town resorted to consuming the garrison's horses and mules.

Reinforcements began to arrive in South Africa in November under General Redvers Buller. The relief of the three besieged garrisons became the general's priority. He divided his corps and assumed personal command of the Ladysmith expedition. The relief effort was hindered by three successive defeats in December, termed by the British as "Black Week", and further reverses in January and early February. The siege of Ladysmith ended on 28 February. The King's then gained a volunteer company and had its mounted infantry absorbed by an MI battalion.

Britain eventually extended its prosecution of the war into the Orange Free State and Transvaal Republic. On 21 August, at Van Wyk's Vlei, Sergeant Hampton and Corporal Knight held their positions and evacuated wounded mounted Kingsmen under heavy fire, for which they received the Victoria Cross. Two days later, Boer forces attacked the 1st Battalion while it was at the forefront of an advance south of Dalmanutha. The protracted engagement ended when the King's were ordered to withdraw, having almost expended their ammunition. Casualties exceeded 70, while Private Heaton earned the Victoria Cross.

The nominal annexation of the Orange Free State and Transvaal Republic in May and September did not resolve the war. Instead, the Boer commandos transitioned to guerrilla warfare and resisted the British until 1902. The King's concentrated in the Eastern Transvaal, where Boers under Botha and Viljoen operated. Detachments occupied networks of blockhouses and provided complements for armoured trains. One such detachment was overwhelmed at Helvetia on 29 December. Situated near the Lydenburg–Machadodorp railway, Helvetia was garrisoned primarily by a contingent of the King's equipped with a 4.7-in gun nicknamed "Lady Roberts". The nocturnal attack, conducted in fog, yielded considerable success for the Boers with scores of prisoners taken and the gun captured. Only King's Kopje withstood the attack. The circumstances were controversial and a general court-martial later sentenced Major Stapleton Cotton, who ordered the surrender, to be cashiered and dismissed from the army. Author Arthur Conan Doyle publicly questioned the decision and contended that the wounds Major Cotton sustained merited "some revision" of the officer's sentence.

With the continuation of the war in South Africa, a number of regiments containing large centres of population formed additional regular battalions. The King's (Liverpool Regiment) formed 3rd and 4th regular Battalions in February 1900, when the militia battalions were relabeled as the 5th and 6th battalions. The Boer War also provided the first opportunity for the regiment's volunteer battalions to serve overseas with regular forces, supplying individual detachments and service companies. The militia battalions, numbered the 5th and 6th during the war, contrastingly deployed to South Africa intact late in the conflict. A memorial sculpted by William Goscombe John to commemorate the regiment's service in Afghanistan, Burma, and South Africa was erected in St John's Gardens, Liverpool and unveiled by Field Marshal Sir George White on 9 September 1905.

Following the end of the war in South Africa, the 2nd battalion was in September 1902 stationed in Limerick. The 1st battalion was stationed in Rangoon from late November the same year, with a company posted to the Andaman Islands.

In 1908, the Volunteers and Militia were reorganised nationally, with the former becoming the Territorial Force and the latter the Special Reserve; the regiment now had two Reserve and six Territorial battalions.

First World War

1914–1915

The regiment fielded 49 battalions during the First World War, from a pre-war establishment of two regular, two special reserve, and six territorial. Of those battalions, 26 served abroad, including (unusually for Special Reservists) the 4th (Extra Reserve) Battalion. The last surviving volunteer battalion in the British Army, the 7th Isle of Man, also mobilised two service companies for Salonika. In total the regiment received 58 battle honours and six Victoria Crosses for service on the Western Front, the Balkans, India, and Russia. Some 13,795 Kingsmen died during the course of the war, the battalions suffering an average of 615 deaths. Thousands more would be wounded, sick, or taken prisoner. Of specific formations, the four Liverpool Pals battalions had nearly 2,800 casualties, while the 55th (West Lancashire) Division's 165th (Liverpool) Brigade, composed entirely of battalions from the King's, incurred 1,672 dead, 6,056 wounded, and 953 missing during the period of 3 January 1916 and 11 November 1918.

A vigorous recruiting campaign involving pre-war personalities such as Lord Kitchener and Lord Derby facilitated the rapid expansion of the British Army. Territorial units formed duplicate battalions from August 1914 to May 1915. To differentiate them, they were, for instance, designated the 2/5th and 3/5th battalions, respectively. Second-line battalions had been raised for home service and recruit training, but were ultimately dispatched to the Western Front and replaced by the third-line. Driven by a conviction that the war would not be resolved quickly and seeking an alternative to the Territorial Army, Secretary of State for War Lord Kitchener appealed for an initial 100,000 volunteers to form a "New Army". The 17th Earl of Derby proposed forming a battalion of "Pals" for the King's Regiment, to be recruited from men of the same workplace. His proposal proved successful. Within a week, thousands of Liverpudlians had volunteered for service, to eventually be formed into the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th Battalions. Collectively, the battalions became known as the City of Liverpool battalions or "Liverpool Pals". Lord Derby addressed recruits on 28 August:

Mobilisation began at the onset of the war, in August 1914, at which time the 1st King's was based at Aldershot. Under command of Lieutenant-Colonel W.S. Bannatyne, the 1st King's boarded the SS Irrawaddy at Southampton. The battalion landed at Le Havre on 13 August with the 6th Brigade, 2nd Division, one of the original components of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). The BEF first engaged the German Army at Mons, Belgium, after which it went into a retreat that was sustained until 5 September, when the Allies resolved to stand at the Marne, a river east of Paris. Having acted as a rearguard to the 2nd Division, the 1st King's and its brigade prevented a German force cutting off the 4th (Guards) Brigade, forming the rearguard at Villers-Cotteréts, and 70th Battery, Royal Field Artillery. The brigade extricated the guns, earning it praise from the 2nd Division's commanding officer, Major-General Monro.

The Allies halted the German advance in the First Battle of the Marne; the ensuing retreat, which prompted an Allied counter-offensive, ended at the Aisne. After both battles had been fought, the battalion moved north to Ypres, during the so-called "Race to the Sea". In an action at Langemarck during the First Battle of Ypres, the battalion captured the small village of Molenaarelstoek, just north-east of Polygon Wood. As the battle progressed, the German command sought a decisive victory against the outnumbered BEF and launched First Ypres' last major assault on 11 November.

Located to the south of Polygon Wood, the 1st King's was one of only a few units available to defend British lines. A force of "12 and a half" divisions, including a composite of the élite Prussian Guard, attacked at 0900 along a  front extending from Messines to Polygon. Some German units breached the front in places but quickly lost momentum and were gradually pushed back by a desperate defence. The Prussian Guard had advanced in dense formations, each guardsman effectively side by side and led by sword-wielding officers. In the defence of Polygon Wood, the 1st King's held on and virtually destroyed the 3rd Prussian Foot Guards with concentrated rapid-fire and artillery support. By battle's end, the 1st King's casualties numbered 33 officers and 814 other ranks from an original strength of 27 officers and 991 other ranks. Among the battalion's dead was Lieutenant-Colonel Bannatyne, killed by a sniper on 24 October.

By the end of March 1915, the King's had eight battalions on the Western Front. The 1st and 1/5th participated in a "holding" attack at Givenchy designed to support the Allied offensive at Neuve Chapelle. An ineffectual preliminary bombardment failed to destroy much of the barbed wire, fatally impeding the 1st King's. The withering hail-of-fire inflicted heavy casualties on the King's, one of whom was the wounded Lieutenant-Colonel Carter. A platoon under Lieutenant Miller managed to reach German lines and blockade itself in a communications trench for over an hour, under fire from Allied artillery, until withdrawing to British lines. The battalion's casualties amounted to 61 killed, 115 wounded, and 62 missing.

One month later, on 24 April, a German offensive began Second Ypres, which became the 4th and 1/6th King's first major battle. In the second subsidiary action of the offensive, at Saint-Julien, the 4th King's sustained more than 400 casualties over a four-day period, the majority, some 374, while supporting the 1/4th Gurkha Rifles on the 27th. The 1/6th supported 1st Cheshires in the defence of Hill 60. After the regiment's involvement in 'Second Ypres' receded, four battalions fought at Festubert, collectively incurring in excess of 1,200 casualties. Lance Corporal Tombs became the regiment's first Victoria Cross recipient of the war for assisting wounded soldiers during the battle. The 1/10th Battalion fought its first battle on 16 June, in a "local" action at Bellewaarde. Losses for the Liverpool Scottish neared 400 killed, wounded and missing, with just two of 24 officers present surviving unscathed.

The British instigated a new offensive on 25 September, at Loos, to coincide with French offensives in the Champagne and Artois regions. The King's were represented in the offensive by eight battalions, from standard infantry to pioneers. Some 150 tons of Chlorine gas was used on the first day of the battle, discharged via thousands of cylinders. Strong winds blew the gas backwards, hindering the advance of the 1st King's and other units having to also contend with partially uncut barbed wire. The advance of the 1/9th King's also stalled, though they took about 300 Germans prisoner. The battalion later assisted in the repulse of a German counter-attack on 8 October. More battalions arrived before the year ended, including the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th Liverpool Pals, which formed the 89th Brigade, 30th Division.

1916–1917

The Liverpool Pals' first battle came during "The Big Push" on 1 July 1916, on the first day of the Battle of the Somme, the worst single day for casualties in British military history. The 89th Brigade, under the Earl of Derby's brother Brigadier F.C. Stanley, still comprised the 17th, 19th, and 20th Pals, but had the 18th reassigned to the 21st Brigade in December. The 30th Division formed part of XIII Corps, which attacked towards Montauban, south of where Britain suffered the majority of its nearly 60,000 casualties on the 1st. At 07:30, the 30th Division began its advance on the left of the French Corps de Fer. Meeting limited opposition, the Pals completed their objectives with comparatively minimal casualties. Grievous losses were, however, incurred by the 18th from heavy machine-gun fire during its advance towards the Glatz Redoubt. The battalion's commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel E.H. Trotter, killed by a shell on 8 July, intentionally underestimated the battalion's casualties of about 500 to avoid the deployment of brigade reserves.

More battalions entered the fray throughout the offensive. Some 14 battalions contributed to five attempts to capture the village of Guillemont between July and September. In the early hours of 8 August, in the third attempt, the 1st, 1/5th, and 1/8th attacked in conditions that rendered visibility poor. The 1st and 1/8th reached the German front-line trenches and entered the village. Their situation deteriorated, however, and the 1/8th's support battalion was driven back by Germans who continued to occupy the first-line trenches. Isolated and contained by counter-attacks, the 1/8th and three companies of the 1st were surrounded and mostly captured. The 1/8th had been annihilated, with losses amounting to 15 killed, 55 wounded, and 502 missing, while the 1st lost its commanding officer, Colonel Goff, and sustained 239 casualties. The 1st later received a draft of 20 officers and 750 men from the Manchester Regiment.

Wanting to alleviate the pressure on the French to the south and believing there might still be some holding out, high command ordered the 2nd and 55th divisions to resume the battle on the 9th. The attack failed and proved to be ill-prepared and disorganised, with an identical starting time and objectives. For his actions during the battle, Captain Chavasse, attached to the Liverpool Scottish, gained the first of two VCs for attending to and rescuing wounded in no man's land. The village would not be captured until the final struggle began on 3 September, by which time the 12th was the King's only contribution, and the regiment had more than 3,000 casualties.

After the Somme Offensive ended in November, the Allies began to prepare for a series of combined Allied offensives in April 1917. These plans would not be significantly disrupted by the German Army's strategic withdrawal to the "Hindenburg Line" in northern France. The phased withdrawal, conducted from February to April, reduced the German front by . The regiment's six second-line battalions arrived on the Western Front with the 57th (2nd West Lancashire) Division in February 1917.

To support the ill-fated Nivelle Offensive, Britain initiated the Battle of the Scarpe, in the Arras area on 9 April, which involved the regiment's 11th, 13th, and Liverpool Pals battalions. The 13th moved forward with the 3rd Division at 0530, near Tilloy-les-Mofflaines, capturing almost 500 men and completing its objectives. To the south, barbed wire obstructed the Pals with varied results. The 18th consolidated in front of the wire until relieved on the 10th, while the 19th and 20th were eventually withdrawn, having suffered heavy losses within about  of the wire. Casualties for the King's during the initial phase of the Arras Offensive exceeded 700.

While the battle raged in Arras, the Allies prepared for an offensive in the north, in Flanders. "Third Ypres" (or Passchendaele) became notorious for conditions that transformed the terrain of shell holes and trenches into a quagmire of mud. Ten of the regiment's battalions were active in the first stage, the Battle of Pilkem Ridge (31 July – 2 August). Six belonged to the 55th Division, situated in the Wieltje sector, north of the Liverpool Pals. The territorial battalions overcame their first and second objectives, but progress was difficult. Confusion prevailed during the 18th King's and 2nd Wiltshires nocturnal advance through Sanctuary Wood. The Pals battalions had to consolidate in front of the 30th Division's initial objective. The King's losses accumulated, surpassing 1,800 by the 3rd, with the supporting 1/8th's casualties the heaviest at 18 officers and 304 other ranks. The 10th's medical officer, Captain Chavasse, received a posthumous, second Victoria Cross for attending to, and recovering, wounded in spite of his own wounds and fatigue during the battle. He succumbed to his wounds on 4 August.

An account by Captain Wurtzburg, 2/6th Liverpool Rifles, described the conditions endured by soldiers in the Ypres area:

1918

The King's contributed to the Battle of Cambrai in November 1917 and assisted in defensive actions as the new year neared. Acute manpower shortages in the BEF on the Western Front left many divisions understrength and so it was decided to adopt a nine-battalion system through amalgamations and disbandments. The 5th, 8th, 9th, and 10th King's integrated with their second-line, while hundreds of their men were distributed to other King's battalions. The 20th disbanded in February, with its strength dispersed to the other Liverpool Pals.

As the American Expeditionary Forces emboldened the Allies, Germany prepared for a final attempt to achieve a decisive victory before the US contingent on the Western Front surged further. On 21 March, a five-hour artillery and gas shell barrage across a  front signified the beginning of the Battle of St. Quentin (Operation Michael) and the German spring offensive in the Somme. Although roled as pioneers, the 11th King's occupied frontline trenches near Urvillers when the attack began. Two of its companies engaged troops at Lambay Wood and Benay and the battalion's casualties for the day exceeded 160. The Liverpool Pals, in reserve on the 21st, hurried to the front on the 22nd to undertake localised counter-attacks, with the first and largest conducted by the 19th against the village of Roupy. The battalion advanced in darkness after 0115, uncertain of German positions, but retook the original frontline trenches unopposed. They later came under sustained attack, holding out without support until Lieutenant-Colonel Peck ordered a withdrawal at about 1600. The Germans overwhelmed the survivors, capturing the wounded Peck and many others.

The situation became dire, forcing troops to withdraw towards Ham, which itself had to be evacuated. The Third and Fifth Armies went into retreat. The 1st King's, occupying positions near Vélu Wood during the Battle of Bapaume, came under attack on the 24th but held out until their deteriorating flanks compelled a retreat that was covered by about 30 men from its headquarters. The battalion commander, Lieutenant-Colonel Murray-Lyon, had just 60 men at his command when they arrived at Beaulencourt later in the day. On 28 March, the offensive was extended to Arras, which was soon repulsed by the Allies. Having lost its momentum and suffered about 250,000 casualties, comparable to Allied losses, Germany abandoned the operation on 5 April. The German Army did not relent and launched Operation Georgette in Flanders on 9 April. The first-day of the Battle of the Lys involved the three King's battalions of the 165th Brigade, situated at Estaires. The bombardment against Allied positions began at 0410 and the subsequent infantry attack displaced Portuguese forces by 0800, exposing the left flank of the 165th. The King's repulsed the frontal assaults with heavy casualties but continued to be attacked from the flanks. Counter-attacks by the 1/7th King's and 2/5th Lancashire Fusiliers took up to 500 prisoners.

German forces made significant gains, capturing Armentières. On 11 April, British Commander-in-Chief, General Haig, issued his "backs to the walls" order of the day. Five days later, Private Counter, 1st King's, volunteered as a messenger, having witnessed five preceding runners killed. He was awarded the regiment's last Victoria Cross. The 4th King's experienced heavy fighting near Méteren and by 19 April had at least 489 casualties. Despite relentless battles, the Allies stabilised their front and Georgette was discontinued on 29 April after the Battle of the Scherpenberg. The Liverpool Pals fought in that climax, with the 17th having to withdraw with the loss of "A" Company, while the 18th and 19th repelled their attackers.

The German Army halted its offensives in July. The King's 11th Battalion disbanded in April, followed in May by the temporary consolidation of the Liverpool Pals as the 17th (Composite) Battalion. Their brief unity ended in May when they reduced to form training cadres for the U.S. 137th Regiment. In August, after four months of being on the defensive, the Allies launched an offensive against Amiens, in the Somme area. Meticulous preparation gave them the element of surprise when it began on the 8th. More than 16,000 prisoners were taken within two hours and the German frontline mostly collapsed. In the following Battle of Albert, begun on the 21st, the 13th King's suffered 274 casualties, but captured 150 soldiers and many machine-guns, while the 1st assisted in the taking of Ervillers.

The war's end in Europe came with the signing of the Armistice of 11 November 1918. The 9th Battalion's history illustrated the initial reaction of soldiers:

On 11 December 1918, the remnants of the 1st King's marched across the German frontier "at ease", bayonets fixed and their colours uncased. The battalion would be based at Düren and Berg Neukirchen for about five months as part of the British Army of the Rhine, joined by other battalions such as the 13th. Some, including the 25th (Reserve), served in Egypt and Belgium before the majority disbanded by late 1919.

Inter-war (1918–1939)

Hostilities did not end for the 17th King's on 11 November; the battalion had sailed for Murmansk, Russia, in October as part of an Allied intervention force assembled to support the "White" forces in their civil war against the Bolsheviks. The battalion was moved to Archangel, where it was based intact for a short period. The battalion's companies served separately for the duration of their stay in Russia, until the 17th left in September 1919.

The Territorial Force was disbanded and later reformed as the Territorial Army and the regiment's battalions were also reformed. However, inter-war reductions and reorganisations reduced the regiment's territorial battalions from six to just one by 1937. The 8th disbanded in the early 1920s, the 9th was absorbed by the Royal Engineers, and a restructuring of the Territorial Army's infantry in the mid-1930s converted the 6th, 7th, and 10th to new roles. The 6th were transferred to the Royal Engineers and became 38th (King's) Searchlight Regiment, Royal Engineers. The 7th joined the Royal Tank Regiment and became the 40th (The King's) Royal Tank Regiment, and the 10th became a battalion of the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders.

1st King's
As Britain's control of Ireland eroded in 1920 during the Irish War of Independence, the 1st Battalion deployed to Bantry, County Cork. The county was a ferment of Republican activity where British forces frequently subjected the movement's supporters to oppressive measures in an attempt to curtail escalating violence. Compared to other regiments operating in the county, such as the Essex Regiment, the King's acquired a favourable reputation among its adversaries for their professionalism and humane treatment of prisoners—which reputedly saved the lives of some Kingsmen. Their conduct was described by Tom Barry, a prominent IRA leader, as "exemplary in all the circumstances". After the establishment of the Irish Free State in the south, the battalion moved to Northern Ireland to be stationed in Derry and Omagh.

After a brief deployment to Turkey as part of the army of occupation, the battalion returned to England in 1924 and resumed overseas service in 1926 with postings to Malta, Sudan, and Egypt. While much of the battalion's time in Egypt was peaceful and comfortable, they occasionally dealt with rioting, and on one occasion a company had to be deployed to Jerusalem. In an uprising during October 1931, Greek Cypriots in Cyprus demanded union with Greece. The battalion reinforced the British garrison with two companies; C Company arrived via eight Vickers Victoria air transports, followed by the sea-transported "D". India was the 1st King's next posting, initially in Jubbulpore. The battalion relocated to Landi Kotal, Khyber Pass, in 1937. Service in the volatile North-West Frontier Province continued into the Second World War.

2nd King's

The 2nd Battalion continued to serve in India following the Armistice and mobilised during the Third Afghan War in 1919. Leading a "Special Column", the battalion reached the Toba Plateau, some  high, but the war was concluded before the battalion could engage Afghan forces.

Those personnel who remained after the majority demobilised in 1920 joined the Sudan garrison, where the battalion reformed. Postings to Hong Kong and Canton followed in 1922, then to India in 1924, and finally Iraq the next year. Stationed near Baghdad, its residence lasted for two years, uneventful but with the distinction of being the last British battalion to serve there until the Second World War.

Immediately after returning to England, the 2nd King's became the first battalion of the regiment to undertake public duties at Buckingham Palace. The battalion was based in various parts of the country for nearly a decade until 1938, when it became part of the Gibraltar garrison.

Second World War

For the regiment, expansion was on a more modest scale than that of the Great War. Ten battalions (see List of battalions of the King's Regiment (Liverpool)) were formed between 1939 and 1940, including the reconstituted 8th (Liverpool Irish) Battalion. Two of the battalions converted to armour and anti-air roles in 1941: the 11th became the 152nd Regiment in the Royal Armoured Corps, but continued to wear their King's Regiment cap badge on the black beret of the RAC, as did all infantry units converted in this way, while the 12th transferred to the Royal Artillery as 101st Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment.

By late 1941, the regiment had three battalions (1st, 2nd, and 13th) stationed abroad with the remainder poised to defend the United Kingdom against a possible German invasion. The 1st and 13th battalions serve in Burma as Chindits, the 2nd in Italy and Greece during the Greek Civil War, and the 5th and 8th in Western Front of World War II. The 9th Battalion, formed as a duplicate of the 5th in 1939, served with the 164th Brigade, 55th Division, transferring to 165th Brigade in April 1943. Of the battalions that had switched to other roles, only the 40th RTR (7th King's) experienced active service. With the 23rd Armoured Brigade, the 40th RTR fought in the North African campaign, where they acquired the nickname "Monty's Foxhounds", Italy, and Greece.

Italy and Greece
Having spent five years in Gibraltar with the 1st Gibraltar Brigade, the 2nd Battalion King's departed in December 1943 with the 28th Infantry Brigade (previously 1st Gibraltar Brigade) to reinforce the 4th Infantry Division in Egypt. The battalion landed in Italy with the 4th when the division joined the campaign in March 1944. On 11 May, the division conducted an opposed crossing of the Gari River during the final Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino. The 2nd King's constituted, along with the 2nd Somersets, the main element of 28th Infantry Brigade's initial assault. Behind schedule by 35 minutes and thus lacking artillery support, the battalion attempted to traverse the Gari under sustained mortar and artillery fire. Many boats capsized because of the strong current with resultant losses. The 4th Division collectively struggled to consolidate its bridgehead and minefields and a determined German defence inflicted casualties on the 2nd King's and mortally wounded their commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Garmons-Williams. Depleted and disorganised, the remnants withdrew from an untenable bridgehead on the 14th. The 2nd King's by then had 72 men killed or missing and many wounded. After five months and four battles, Monte Cassino was captured on 18 May by the Polish II Corps and the Gustav Line broken.

The Allies captured Rome in June and the 2nd King's fought in the subsequent advance to the Trasimene Line. The King's captured Gioiella in a fierce battle that had involved the 2/4th Hampshires (part of 28th Brigade), and later secured and defended Tuori against counter-attack, earning the regiment a unique battle honour in the British Army. In about nine months of service, in difficult, mountainous terrain, with heavy casualties, the battalion was awarded four DSOs, nine MCs, three DCMs, four MMs, and six mentioned in despatches. Among the recipients were Sergeant Welsby, who single-handedly secured a fortified farmhouse, and Major J. A. de V. Reynolds, for his leadership and conduct around Casa Arlotti.

In December, the 4th Infantry Division was deployed to Greece to reinforce British forces embroiled in the country's civil war. Conflict in Greece between government forces and Communist partisans followed the vacuum created by the German withdrawal. The partisans (ELAS) sought to establish themselves as the new political authority and confronted the British-supported government-in-exile when ordered to disband and disarm. Within 24 hours of being flown to Piraeus on 12 December, the 2nd King's had to engage partisans in a brief action, seizing occupied barracks at a cost of 14 casualties. During a seven-week internal security employment, there were many instances of house-to-house and street fighting in Athens. By mid-January 1945, the city had been cleared of insurgents and a ceasefire agreed upon, followed by the Varkiza Agreement in February. The King's remained for a year to support a tense peace until they left for Cyprus.

Burma

The 13th Battalion, King's Regiment, was raised in October 1940 for coastal defence in England and assigned to the 208th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home). The battalion sailed for India in December 1941, coinciding with Japan's entrance into the war. Intended for internal security and garrison duties, the 13th's strength contained many men categorised as old or of a medically downgraded condition with the result that few men were well trained. After Japan occupied Burma in 1942, the Allies formed a unit intended to penetrate deep behind Japanese lines from India. The 13th King's provided the majority of the British contingent for the "Chindits", which was formally designated as the 77th Indian Infantry Brigade and commanded by Brigadier Orde Wingate.

Organised into two groups, the Chindits' first operation (codenamed Longcloth) began on 8 February 1943. No. 2 Group, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel S.A. Cooke, was formed from the 13th King's and divided into five independent columns, two of which (Nos 7 and 8) were commanded by majors from the battalion. No Japanese opposition was encountered initially, allowing the Chindits to cross the Chindwin River and advance into Burma unimpeded.

The 1st Battalion also took part in a similar operation in 1944 and formed 81 and 82 Columns. As in the first expedition in 1943 the Chindits again suffered heavy casualties and fought behind the Japanese lines at Kohima and Imphal. After Orde Wingate was killed in a crash in March 1944, it was decided to break up the remaining Chindit formations and some of them were to be converted into airborne infantry battalions. The 1st King's was converted to become the 15th (King's) Parachute Battalion of the Parachute Regiment and joined the 77th Indian Parachute Brigade attached to the 44th Indian Airborne Division where it remained for the rest of the war.

Normandy and Germany

In 1943, the 5th and 8th King's (Liverpool Irish) received specialist training at Ayrshire in preparation for a planned invasion of France. They had been selected to form the nucleus of the 5th and 7th Beach Groups, which would have the objectives of maintaining beach organisation, securing positions, and providing defence against counter-attack.

As invasion neared in mid-1944, the two battalions moved from their camps to ports in southern England and embarked aboard troopships and landing ship tanks. Much of the Liverpool Irish embarked aboard the Ulster Monarch, a passenger ship that had served on the Belfast-Liverpool line before the war. Having been delayed, the invasion fleet proceeded to Normandy on 5 June. Both King's battalions landed on D-Day, the 5th at Sword with the 3rd British Infantry Division and the Liverpool Irish at Juno with the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division.

Two companies of the Liverpool Irish landed in the assault wave with the Royal Winnipeg Rifles. Under intense machine gun and mortar fire, the landing of Major Max Morrison's "A" Company proceeded well, allowing some to establish a command-post upon reaching the sand dunes. In contrast, in "B" Company's sector, the late arrival of the reconnaissance party and DD tanks exposed the landing infantry to heavy machine gun fire. The company's officer commanding, Major O'Brien, and the second-in-command were among those wounded. At Sword, as the 3rd Division moved inland, the 5th King's attempted to neutralise hostile positions and snipers. Casualties included Lieutenant-Colonel D. H. V. Board, killed by a sniper, and the OC of 9 Platoon, Lieutenant Scarfe, mortally wounded in an attack on a German position that captured 16 soldiers.

Under fire, the beach groups collected the wounded and dead, located and marked minefields, attempted to maintain organisation, and directed vehicles and troops inland. The two battalions operated with the beach groups for a further six weeks. While the depleted Liverpool Irish disbanded in August, much of its strength having been transferred to other units as reinforcements, the 5th King's survived as a reduced cadre. Disbandment had only been avoided through the determination of Lieutenant Colonel G.D. Wreford-Brown, who argued that the 5th Battalion was nearly the most senior unit active in the Territorial Army.

Before the Allies advanced into Nazi Germany in February 1945, the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) began to form dedicated units to secure important objectives—equipment, installations, intelligence, and personnel. The 5th King's provided the nucleus for No. 2 T (Target) Force. Elements of the 5th reached the naval port of Kiel in May 1945, securing the cruiser Admiral Hipper and taking 7,000 sailors prisoner. The battalion continued to conduct intelligence operations until disbandment in July 1946 during the demobilisation process. Reconstitution into the Territorial Army followed in 1947 under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Stanley.

Post-Second World War (1945–1958)

The 1st King's, still roled as 15th (King's) Parachute Battalion, remained in India with responsibility for the area around Meerut, north-east of New Delhi. After reconverting to standard infantry, the battalion departed for Liverpool in late 1947. In April 1948, the 2nd King's deployed to the British Mandate of Palestine for two weeks. The battalion carried out internal security duties in the prelude to Israel's establishment for two weeks before its return to Cyprus. When the army reduced its strength, the 2nd King's chose to be absorbed by the 1st rather than have its lineage terminated. On 6 September 1948, the two battalions amalgamated in a ceremonial parade attended by honorary Colonel of the Regiment, Major-General Dudley Ward. The battalion was posted to West Germany shortly afterwards and moved to West Berlin in February 1951.

Korean War

The battalion was ordered to Korea in June 1952. By then, the Korean War had entered a period of stalemate, with trench warfare prevailing. At Liverpool, the King's embarked aboard the troopship Devonshire for Hong Kong, where it underwent training before landing at Pusan, Korea, in September. Replacing the 1st Royal Norfolk Regiment in the 29th Infantry Brigade, 1st Commonwealth Division, the 1st King's took up defensive positions on moving to the frontline, about  from Seoul.

While much of the battalion's time at the front proved uneventful, its night patrols often clashed with Chinese troops. In 1953, the battalion withdrew to reserve for three months. A tactically important feature known as "The Hook", a crescent shaped ridge, was the scene of intense fighting between Commonwealth forces and the Chinese in May. On the night of 20 May, Chinese forces commenced a sustained bombardment of the Hook, defended by the Duke of Wellington's Regiment. Two days later, a company from the King's conducted a nighttime diversionary raid on Chinese positions known as "Pheasant". During the raid, Second-Lieutenant Caws' 5 Platoon, intended to execute the actual attack, inadvertently stumbled upon an uncharted minefield, suffering 10 wounded from a strength of 16. The attack had to be abandoned, forcing the company to withdraw with its wounded back to British lines under the protection of artillery.

The King's moved to the right sector of the Hook on 27 May, excepting "D" Company's 10 Platoon and "B" Company (as reserve), which became attached to the Dukes. At 1953 hours, on 28 May, the battle began when a heavy artillery barrage targeted the Dukes' positions. Within minutes, the first of four successive Chinese waves attacked. Two King's platoons had to be moved forward to reinforce the Point 121 position, which soon after came under attack by two infantry companies. After the attack was repulsed with the assistance of Commonwealth artillery, the Chinese directed their attention to the King's on Point 146. As their troops assembled at Pheasant at around 2305, 1st King's Lieutenant-Colonel A.J. Snodgrass called in artillery, Centurion tank, and machine-gun fire that effectively destroyed the battalion-sized formation. Fighting continued until the British cleared the remaining troops from the Hook at approximately 0330. British casualties numbered 149, including 28 killed, while Chinese losses were estimated to be 250 killed and 800 wounded.

The 1st King's left Korea for Hong Kong in October, by which time the battalion had suffered 28 dead and 200 wounded. Of some 1,500 men that served with the King's in Korea, 350 were regular soldiers, the rest being conscripts on national service. The King's moved to Britain in 1955, were posted to West Germany the following year, and made its final return home in May 1958.

Amalgamation

The 1957 Defence White Paper (known as the "Sandys Review" after Secretary of State for War Duncan Sandys) announced the government's intention to reduce the army's overseas responsibilities and abolish national service. Regiments and other units were rationalised through amalgamation or disbandment. The decision to merge the King's and Manchesters dismayed many serving and retired personnel. The regiments did, however, share an historical connection through the 63rd (West Suffolk) Regiment of Foot, constituted as the 8th Foot's second battalion in 1756 and redesignated the 1st Battalion, Manchester Regiment in 1881.

In June, at Brentwood, the colours of the two regiments were paraded for the last time in the presence of Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother. The King's Regiment (Manchester and Liverpool) formally came into being on 1 September 1958. On 1 July 2006, the successor regiment amalgamated, joining with two others to form the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment.

The surviving territorial battalion of the King's (Liverpool), the 5th, retained its identity until reduced to "B" Company, Lancastrian Volunteers in 1967. The lineage of 5th King's later became perpetuated by "A" Company on its formation in 1992. The company became an integral component of the 4th Battalion, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment in 2006 and contained the Liverpool Scottish Platoon.

Regimental museum
The King's Regiment Museum collection is displayed in the Museum of Liverpool.

Victoria Cross recipients

Battle honours
The regiment's battle honours were as follows:
 Early battle honours: Blenheim, Ramillies, Oudenarde, Malplaquet, Dettingen, Martinique 1809, Niagara, Delhi 1857, Lucknow, Peiwar Kotal, Afghanistan 1878–80, Burma 1885–87,
 The Boer War: Defence of Ladysmith, South Africa 1899–1902
 The Great War: Mons, Retreat from Mons, Marne 1914, Aisne 1914, Ypres 1914 '15 '17, Langemarck 1914 '17, Gheluvelt, Nonne Boschen, Neuve Chapelle, Gravenstafel, St Julien, Frezenberg, Bellewaarde, Aubers, Festubert 1915, Loos, Somme 1916 '18, Albert 1916 '18, Bazentin, Deville Wood, Guillemont, Ginchy, Flers–Courcelette, Morval, Le Transloy, Ancre 1916, Bapaume 1917 '18, Arras 1917 '18, Scarpe 1917 '18, Arleux, Pilckem, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Poelcappelle, Passchendaele, Cambrai 1917 '18, St. Quentin, Rosières, Avre, Lys, Estaires, Messines 1918, Bailleul, Kemmel, Bethune, Scherpenberg, Drocourt-Queant, Hindenburg Line, Épehy, Canal du Nord, St Quentin Canal, Selle, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914–18, Doiran 1917, Macedonia 1915–18, NW Frontier, India 1915
 The Inter-war years: Archangel 1918–19, Afghanistan 1919
 The Second World War: Normandy Landing. North-West Europe 1944, Cassino II, Trasimene Line, Tuori, Capture of Forli, Rimini Line, Italy 1944–45, Athens, Greece 1944–45, Chindits 1943, Chindits 1944, Burma 1943–44
 The Korean War: The Hook 1953, Korea 1952–53

Colonels of the Regiment
The colonels of the regiment were:

The Kings (Liverpool) Regiment
 1881–1889: Gen. John Longfield, CB
 1889–1891: Gen. Lord Alexander Russell, GCB
 1891–1899: Gen. George William Powlett Bingham, CB
 1899–1902: Lt-Gen. Robert Stuart Baynes
 1902–1906: Lt-Gen. George Edward Baynes
 1906–1916: Gen. Edward Henry Clive
 1916–1923: Gen. Sir Henry Mackinnon, GCB, KCVO

The King's Regiment (Liverpool)
 1923–1940: Gen. Sir Charles Harington, GCB, GBE, DSO
 1940–1947: Maj-Gen. Clifton Edward Rawdon Grant Alban, CBE, DSO
 1947-1957: Gen. Sir Dudley Ward, GCB, KBE, DSO
 1957-1958: Brig. Richard Nicholson Murray Jones, CBE
 1958: Regiment merged with the Manchester Regiment to form The King's Regiment (Manchester and Liverpool)

Regimental Prayer
According to its successor Regiment, the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment, the Regimental Prayer (also called the Regimental Collect) of the King's Regiment (Liverpool) was as follows:

Footnotes

Notes

References

 Baker, Chris, The King's (Liverpool Regiment) in 1914–1918, 1914–1918.net. Retrieved 8 November 2005
 Chandler, David (2003), The Oxford History of the British Army, Oxford Paperbacks
 Coop, J.O. (1919/2001), Story of the 55th (West Lancashire) Division, Naval and Military Press
 Fitzsimons, Jim (2004), A Personal History of the 8th Irish Battalion, The King's Liverpool Regiment,
 French, Lord, (2001), Complete Despatches of Lord French 1914–1916, Naval and Military Press,
 Granatstein, J.L. and Morton, Desmond [1984] (1994). Bloody Victory: Canadians and the D-Day Campaign 1944. Toronto: Lester Publishing Limited.
 Brig E.A. James, British Regiments 1914–18, London: Samson Books, 1978/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2001, .
 Maddocks, Graham (1991), Liverpool Pals: 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th Battalions, The King's (Liverpool Regiment), Pen and Sword Books Ltd
 Middlebrook, Martin (2000), Your Country Needs You!: Expansion of the British Army Infantry Divisions 1914–1918, Pen and Sword Books Ltd
 Mileham, Patrick (2000), Difficulties Be Damned: The King's Regiment—A History of the City Regiment of Manchester and Liverpool, Fleur de Lys
 Pakenham, Thomas; The Boer War, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979,

 Wyrall, Everard (1935/2002), The History of the King's Regiment (Liverpool) 1914–19, Naval and Military Press

External links

 City Soldiers – The Museum of Liverpool Life
 Liverpool Scottish Regimental Museum Trust, liverpoolscottish.org.uk
 Korean War Roll of Honour: The King's Regiment (Liverpool), britains-smaillwars.com
 Enos Herbert Glynne Roberts (1922), The Story of the 9th King's in France, The Northern Publishing Co. Ltd, Project Gutenberg
 1st Battalion, the King's (Liverpool Regiment) War diary 1 January to 3 June 1916

Military units and formations established in 1881
The King's Regiment
History of Liverpool
Military units and formations in Liverpool
Military units and formations in Lancashire
Military units and formations of the United Kingdom in the Korean War
Regiments of the British Army in World War II
Regiments of the British Army in World War I
Military units and formations disestablished in 1958
1881 establishments in the United Kingdom
R

King's Regiment (Liverpool)


අන්වර් එල් සදාත් (;     25 දෙසැම්බර් 1918 – 6 ඔක්තොම්බර් 1981) යනු, 1970 ඔක්තොම්බර් 15 දින සිට, 1981 ඔක්තොම්බර් 6 දිනදී මූලධර්මවාදී යුද්ධ හමුදා නිලධාරින් විසින් ඔහු ඝාතනය කිරීම දක්වා ඊජිප්තුවේ තුන්වන ජනාධිපතිවරයා විය.

ජනාධිපතිවරු

අන්වර් සදාත්


Frederick McFeely "Fred" Rogers (født 20. marts 1928 i Latrobe, Pennsylvania, USA, død 27. februar 2003 i Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA) var en amerikansk skuespiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra USA
Personer fra Pennsylvania

Fred Rogers


Gheorghe Sârbu (n. 10 octombrie 1866, Ohaba-Forgaci, Timiș – d. 14 mai 1937, Ohaba-Forgaci, Timiș) a fost un deputat în Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, organismul legislativ reprezentativ al "tuturor românilor din Transilvania, Banat și Țara Ungurească", cel care a adoptat hotărârea privind Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, la 1 decembrie 1918.

Biografie

Gheorghe Sârbu a fost agricultor. A studiat la școala primară confesională română și a susținut activitatea culturală din comună. A fost respectat pentru hotărârea arătată în apărarea drepturilor sătenilor, în propășirea economică și culturală a comunei. A sprijinit activitatea învățătorului Constantin Mihaiu de întemeiere a corului românesc, cât și acțiunile politice inițiate pentru apărarea învățământului național.

Activitatea politică

A fost membru al Partidului Național Român. Ca deputat în Marea Adunare Națională din 1 decembrie 1918 s-a prezentat ca delegat supleant al Cercului electoral Nădlac, județul Cenad. În perioada interbelică a activat în Partidul Național Țărănesc

Note

Bibliografie
Ioan I. Șerban, Dorin Giurgiu, Ionela Mircea, Nicolae Josan, Dicționarul personalităților Unirii. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Muzeul Național al Unirii, Alba Iulia, 2003, ISBN 973-8141-90-7
Ioan Munteanu, Dumitru Tomoni, Vasile M. Zaberca, Banatul și Marea Unire. Bănătenții la Alba Iulia, Editura Partoș, Timișoara, 2018

Lectură suplimentară
Gelu Neamțu, Mircea Vaida-Voevod, 1 decembrie 1918. Mărturii ale participanților, vol. I-II, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2005, ISBN 973-27-1258-9 (vol. I); ISBN 973-27-1264-3 (vol. II)
Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Muzeul Național Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, 1998
Florea Marin, Medicii și Marea Unire, Editura Tipomur, Târgu Mureș, 1993
Silviu Borș, Alexiu Tatu, Bogdan Andriescu, (coord.), Participanți din localități sibiene la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, Editura Armanis, Sibiu, 2015

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Legături externe
Membrii de drept ai Marii Adunării Naționale de la Alba-Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, lista publicată în "Gazeta Oficială", Sibiu, nr. 1, 1/14 decembrie 1918
1 decembrie 1918, Marea Unire de la Alba Iulia. Mărturii, documente și semnificații

Nașteri în 1866
Decese în 1937
Agricultori români
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Gheorghe Sârbu


Penny Moore est une virologue à l'Université du Witwatersrand à Johannesbourg, en Afrique du Sud, qui a été l'une des premières scientifiques à porter le variant Omicron de la COVID-19 à l'attention du public. Elle a fait remarquer à propos du rythme des recherches préliminaires que « Nous volons à une vitesse de distorsion ».

Elle a obtenu sa maîtrise ès sciences en microbiologie à l'Université de Witwatersrand. En 2003, elle a terminé son doctorat en virologie à l'Université de Londres. Ses travaux actuels portent sur les anticorps neutralisants du virus VIH et leurs interactions avec le VIH.

Références

Naissance en 1975
Étudiant de l'université de Londres
Étudiant de l'université du Witwatersrand
Professeur à l'université du Witwatersrand
SARS-CoV-2

Penny Moore


Un Grup de Acțiune Locală (acronim GAL)  este o formă de parteneriat constituit într-un teritoriu rural care reunește reprezentanți ai sectoarelor public, privat  și ai societății civile  din teritoriul respectiv, creat cu scopul de a implementa metodele LEADER (acronim din ) de dezvoltare rurală.  Dimensiunea și populația teritoriului acoperit de un GAL sunt  variabile, astfel încât o asemenea secțiune transversală multisectorială a unei comunități locale poate cuprinde între 5.000 și 150.000 de locuitori.

O astfel de structură este finanțată în baza unei bugetări prin intermediul  Fondului European Agricol pentru Dezvoltare Rurală (acronim FEADR), scopul fiind participarea la cofinanțarea proiectelor de tip Leader din arealul de acoperire. GAL-urile elaborează o strategie de dezvoltare rurală (acronim SDR) locală integrată și sunt responsabile de implementarea acesteia.

Referințe

Bibliografie

Lectură suplimentară:

 Autoritatea de Management pentru PNDR;  Manual de procedură pentru selecția Grupurilor de Acțiune Locală ; 2012

Comisia Europeană Direcția Generală pentru Agricultură și Dezvoltare Rurală;   Abordarea Leader: un ghid elementar;  2006; ISBN 92-79-02057-9

Programul Național de Dezvoltare Rurală
Amenajarea teritoriului
Politică economică
Comunități europene

Grup de Acțiune Locală


L'incendie du 24 décembre 2021 au Bangladesh est survenu le 24 décembre 2021 lorsque le ferry à passagers MV Avijan-10 a pris feu sur la rivière Sugandha, près de la ville de Jhalokati, au Bangladesh. L'incident a fait au moins 40 morts et plus de 100 blessés. Plusieurs autres personnes ont été portées disparus.

Contexte
Près de 30% des Bangladais se déplacent sur les rivières, en particulier parmi les pauvres. Les accidents de ferry sont fréquents dans le pays, qui sont "souvent imputés à la surpopulation ou à des règles de sécurité laxistes".

Accident
Le ferry à trois ponts, le MV Avijan-10, voyageait de Dacca à . Il avait une capacité de 310 passagers mais transportait plus de 500 passagers, dont beaucoup rentraient chez eux pour le week-end. L'incendie s'est déclaré vers 3 heures du matin, alors que de nombreux passagers dormaient, au large de Jhalokati sur la rivière Sugandha. Selon le directeur adjoint des pompiers et de la défense civile à Brishal, Kamal Uddin Bhuiyan, l'incendie a commencé dans la salle des machines et s'est rapidement propagé à d'autres parties du ferry.

L'un des passagers a déclaré que le ferry semblait avoir des problèmes de moteur avant l'incendie. Le moteur a ensuite été rempli de fumée. Certains passagers ont sauté dans la rivière et ont nagé jusqu'au rivage pour échapper à l'incendie. Le Daily Star a rapporté que 15 unités de lutte contre l'incendie sont arrivées sur les lieux dans les 50 minutes suivant l'incendie, et la situation a été maîtrisée à . Un brouillard dense a entravé les opérations de sauvetage.

Selon un responsable local, le bateau devait être ancré sur une berge du village voisin de Diakul. Zohar Ali, l'administrateur en chef du district, a déclaré que 4 à 5 heures se sont écoulées avant que l'incendie ne soit éteint. Il a fallu encore 8 heures pour que le navire se refroidisse. Le chef de la police locale, Moinul Islam, a déclaré que 37 corps avaient été récupérés. La plupart des victimes sont mortes des suites de l'incendie ou se sont noyées lors de leur évasion. 70 passagers blessés ont été hospitalisés, dont sept avaient de graves brûlures et étaient dans un état critique. Le nombre de morts est passé à 40 le lendemain.

Conséquences
À la suite de l'incident, un comité spécial a été mis en place par le gouvernement pour enquêter sur l'incendie et rendre compte des résultats dans les trois jours.

Selon le Daily Star, le capitaine du bateau n'a pas correctement amarré la chaloupe après la panne des moteurs et a abandonné le navire sans jeter l'ancre. La vedette a ensuite dérivé vers l'aval pendant plus de 30 minutes avant de s'arrêter près de Diakul. La porte principale du lancement était également verrouillée, empêchant les gens de s'échapper. De plus, des responsables du bureau de Barishal de la Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority ont déclaré que le lancement était censé avoir un capitaine de première classe, mais avait à la place deux capitaines de deuxième classe.

Une panne moteur aurait été à l'origine de l'incendie. Les deux moteurs précédents du navire ont été remplacés par le propriétaire du navire, Hanjalal Sheikh, en novembre pour un manque de consommation de carburant sans autorisation ni information du  des changements. Le propriétaire a déclaré qu'il ne savait pas qu'une autorisation était requise. On pense que la panne du moteur avait commencé comme un problème mineur, qui a ensuite progressé après que personne ne l'ait réparé.

Notes et références

Décembre 2021
2021 au Bangladesh
Incendie au Bangladesh
Incendie en 2021

Incendie du 24 décembre 2021 au Bangladesh


Daniela Santiago Villena, née le  à Malaga en Espagne, est une mannequin et actrice espagnole, connue pour avoir interprété le rôle de Cristina Ortiz dans la série télévisée Veneno en 2020.

Carrière
Peu avant ses , elle s'installe à Madrid et commence sa carrière de mannequin. Par la suite, elle revient vivre à Malaga en travaillant comme maquilleuse professionnelle jusqu'à ce qu'un ami l'encourage à postuler pour le casting d'une série. Elle est retenue au casting et c'est son premier rôle principal dans la série créée par Javier Ambrossi et Javier Calvo avec le soutien d'Atresmedia, sur la vie de La Veneno. Elle incarne Cristina au milieu de sa vie, partageant le rôle principal aux côtés des actrices Jedet Sánchez et Isabel Torres. Elle reçoit le prix Ondas en 2020 dans la catégorie de la meilleure interprète féminine de fiction nationale ainsi qu'une nomination pour la meilleure actrice principale aux Prix Feroz et une autre pour la meilleure performance féminine aux Prix Forqué.

Références

Liens externes

Femme trans
Actrice espagnole de télévision
Mannequin femme espagnol
Actrice trans
Danseuse espagnole du XXIe siècle
Naissance en avril 1982
Naissance à Malaga

Daniela Santiago


Nam Ji-hyun (남지현) est une actrice sud-coréenne née le  à Incheon.

Biographie

Filmographie

Films

 2005: Shadowless Sword: Yeon So-ha jeune
 2006: My Captain Mr. Underground: Park Ji-min
 2007: Mapado 2: Back to the Island:
 2009: If You Were Me 4: Park Jin-ju
 Astro Boy : Cora
 2010: Happy Ulleung Man
 Family Plan: Ji-min
 Ghost (Be With Me)

 2011 : O-neul de
A Reason to Live: Ji-min
 2013 : Monster Boy de Jang Joon-hwan
 2016 : Tunnel de Kim Seong-hoon
The Map Against The World: Soon-Sil

Séries télévisées

 2004: Say You Love Me: Seo Young-chae jeune
 2006: My Love: Kim Min
 My Love Clementine: Jang Ba-da
 2007: Lobbyist: Yoo So-young (Maria) jeune

 2008: The Great King, Sejong: Princesse Shim jeune
 Our Happy Ending: Kang Mi-na
 East of Eden: Kim Ji-hyun jeune
 2009: Queen Seondeok: Princesse Deokman jeune
 Will It Snow for Christmas?: Han Ji-wan jeune
 2010: Giant: Hwang Jung-yeon jeune
 It's Me, Grandmother: Park Eun-ha

 2011: Warrior Baek Dong-soo: Yoo Ji-sun jeune
 2012: Drama Spécial: Girl Detective, Park Hae-sol: Park Hae-sol
 Can't Live Without You: Eun-deok
 To the Beautiful You: Hong Da-hae
 2014: Angel Eyes: Yoon Soo-wan jeune
 What Happens to My Family?: Kang Seo-wool
 2015: Late Night Restaurant: Hye-ri

 2016 : Mystery Freshman: Oh Ah-yeong
Shopping King Louie : Ko Bok-shil
2017 : Suspicious Partner : Eun Bong-hee
2018 : 100 Days My Prince : Yeon Hong-sim / Yoon Yi-seo
2019: Dear My Room: Caméo; épisode 11
2020: 365: Repeat the Year: Shin Ga-hyun

2021 : DramaFesta: Off Route: Kang Su-ji
The Witch's Diner : Jeong Jin

Prix et Nominations

Notes et références

Liens externes

Actrice sud-coréenne de cinéma
Actrice sud-coréenne de télévision
Naissance en septembre 1995

Nam Ji-hyun


Jón Þorkelsson forni (født 16. april 1859 i Skaftártunga, død 10. februar 1924) var en islandsk litteraturhistoriker. Hans digternavn var "Fornólfur".

Jón Þorkelsson blev student 1882, dr.phil. 1888 og landsarkivar i Reykjavik 1900. Han udgav doktorafhandlingen Digtningen paa Island i 15. og 16. Aarhundrede (1888), bind II-IV af "Diplomatarium Islandicum" samt adskillige personalhistoriske og genealogiske arbejder. Endvidere udgav han Stefán Ólafssons digte og 1891-1896 det illustrerede månedsskrift Sunnanfari.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

  kun med oplysning om dødsåret 1924
 Thorkelsson (Þorkelsson), Jón i Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon, bind 23, side 385 af Finnur Jónsson.

Videnskabsfolk fra Island
Genealoger

Jón Þorkelsson (født 1859)


This article is a list of some of the islands that form the British Isles that have an area of one kilometre squared (247 acres) or larger, listing area and population data. The total area of the islands is 314,965 km2 (121,608 sq. mi.). Great Britain accounts for the larger part of this area at 66%, with Ireland accounting for 26%, leaving the remaining 8%—an area of 23,996 km2 (9265 sq mi)—consisting of thousands of smaller islands. The largest of the other islands are to be found in the Hebrides and the Northern Isles to the north, and Anglesey and the Isle of Man between Great Britain and Ireland. Not included are the Channel Islands which, positioned off the coast of France, are not part of the archipelago.

There are 188 permanently inhabited islands in total:

 Isle of Man: 1
 Republic of Ireland: 62 and a part of Ireland
 United Kingdom: 123 plus Great Britain and a part of Ireland
 England: 19 and a part of Great Britain
 Northern Ireland: 1 and a part of Ireland
 Scotland: 97 and a part of Great Britain
 Wales: 6 and a part of Great Britain

List of islands by area

See also
 British Isles
 List of islands in the Atlantic Ocean
 List of islands of England
 List of islands of Ireland
 List of islands of Scotland
 List of Orkney islands
 List of Outer Hebrides
 List of Shetland islands
 List of islands of the Isle of Man
 List of islands of the United Kingdom
 List of islands of Wales

References

List
British Isles
Islands by area
Islands

it:Arcipelago britannico#Lista delle isole

List of islands of the British Isles