Lake Vida is a hypersaline lake in Victoria Valley, the northernmost of the large McMurdo Dry Valleys, on the continent of Antarctica. It is isolated under year-round ice cover, and is considerably more saline than seawater. It came to public attention in 2002 when microbes frozen in its ice cover for more than 2,800 years were successfully thawed and reanimated.

Introduction
Lake Vida is one of the largest lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valley region and is a closed-basin endorheic lake. The permanent surface ice on the lake is the thickest non-glacial ice on earth, reaching a depth of at least . The ice at depth is saturated with brine that is seven times as saline as seawater.  The high salinity allows the brine to remain liquid at an average yearly water temperature of . The ice cap has sealed the saline brine from external air and water for thousands of years creating a time capsule for ancient DNA. This combination of lake features make Lake Vida a unique lacustrine ecosystem on Earth.

The lake gained widespread recognition in December 2002 when a research team, led by the University of Illinois at Chicago's Peter Doran, announced the discovery of 2,800‑year‑old halophile microbes (primarily filamentous cyanobacteria) preserved in ice layer core samples drilled in 1996. The microbes reanimated upon thawing, grew and reproduced. Due to this discovery and the freezing mechanisms forming Lake Vida's ice-seal, Lake Vida is now noted as a location for research into Earth's climate and life under extreme conditions, specifically the fauna that could have existed on Mars. The unmanned Lake Vida Meteorological Station monitors climate conditions around the lake year round for such scientific study.

A 2010 field campaign, funded by the National Science Foundation through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, to investigate the microbiology and geochemistry of Lake Vida. Led by Peter Doran and Alison Murray from Nevada's Desert Research Institute, the expedition recovered ice cores, brine and sediment samples from the lake using clean drilling procedures to avoid contamination.

The lake itself has no permanent settlements or infrastructure. The nearby Lake Vida Meteorological Station is unmanned, sending meteorological data to McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research organization. The closest human settlement is Scott Base McMurdo approximately  away. In addition to the unmanned observation station, a 5-day emergency supply of food for 6 people is cached  from the southwestern shore. Research teams establish temporary camps from which research activities are conducted on short term basis in the summer months.

Composition
Lake Vida does not possess many factors attributed to the existence of life formations. Lake Vida contains high levels of nitrous oxide (N2O) and also molecular hydrogen (H2). The chemicals are believed to be released from chemical reactions between the brine and underlying sediments. The molecular hydrogen may be crucial as an energy source for life in the lake and aids in justifying the presence of life in an oxygen-deprived environment.

Hydrology
Lake Vida has at least three named inflows: Victoria River, Kite Stream, and Dune Creek.  Victoria River passes through the Vida Basin into Victoria Valley, Victoria Land as ephemeral glacial meltwater from the Upper Victoria Glacier, draining from Victoria Upper Lake,  to the northwest, to finally drain into the west end of Lake Vida. Kite Stream is also located in the Vida Basin and flows as ephemeral glacial meltwater west from the Victoria Lower Glacier into the east end of Lake Vida. The United States Geological Survey's Atlas of Antarctic Research maps up to nine Lake Vida inflows or outflows including Victoria River and Kite Stream. The inflows and outflows are normally dry due to average annual temperatures down to  at Lake Vida. Meltwater flows for a few weeks in the summer months when temperatures rise sufficiently for the nearby glaciers to melt. The McMurdo Dry Valleys are classified as extreme desert. The area receives less than  of snow precipitation a year, in the form of snow that builds the nearby glaciers.

Geology

Main geological features
In the vicinity of Lake Vida, a variety of geological features are noted, the most significant being glaciers, lakes, valleys, ridges, and summits. There are approximately 25 named glaciers within a  radius with the nearest being Upper Victoria Glacier, Packard Glacier, Clark Glacier, and Clio Glacier. In the same radius, there are approximately 14 named ridges with the nearest being Robertsons Ridge, Helios Ridge, and Nottage Ridge. In addition to Victoria Valley, there are 16 named valleys with the nearest being Sanford Valley, Barwick Valley and McKelvey Valley. In addition to Upper Victoria Lake that feeds Lake Vida with meltwater, there are approximately 11 other lakes, the nearest being Lake Thomas. The summits around Lake Vida are as follows, Mautino Peak, Mount Saga, Mount Allen, Mount Theseus, Mount Cerberus, Mount Insel, Nickell Peak, and Sponsors Peak.

Other geological features
Other more minor features include benches, cliffs, gaps, and streams. The Victoria Valley dunefield, an approximately 1.5 km2 belt which is about 3.1 km long, lies to the east of Lake Vida. It is an important site for research into the landforms and processes of perennial niveo-aeolian environments.

Natural history
Kite Stream is named after a researcher, James Kite, who found numerous meteorites in the area (1977–1978).

History
Lake Vida lies north of Mount Cerberus in the Victoria Valley of Victoria Land. Named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (1958–59) after Vida (Vaida), a sledge dog of the Nimrod Expedition, 1910-13. Lake Vida was originally thought to be frozen to the lakebed.

Life
Scientists have found life in an Antarctic Lake Vida that was sealed off from the outside world by a thick sheet of ice several thousands of years ago. The discovery of the ecosystem pushes the boundaries of what life can endure, and may inform the search for alien microbes on other planets, such as Mars, or on icy moons, for instance, Jupiter's moon Europa.

Species lists
The following eukaryote species have been catalogued within 1 degree of Lake Vida:

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda : Alloptes stercorarii (arachnida, mite), Tydeus setsukoae (arachnida, mite)
Phylum Rotifera : Philodina spp.
Phylum Tardigrada : Unknown sp.

Kingdom Fungi
Division Ascomycota : Lepraria sp.

Kingdom Plantae
Division Bryophyta : Bryum argenteum, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Bryum subrotundifolium, Ceratodon purpureus, Didymodon gelidus, Grimmia antarctici, Grimmia sp., Pottia heimii, Sarconeurum glaciale,
Division Marchantiophyta : Cephaloziella exiliflora

Kingdom Protista
Phylum Ciliophora : Chilodonella sp., Epistylis sp., Euplotes sp., Halteria sp., Homalozoon sp., Nassula sp., Oxytricha sp., Pleuronema sp., Podophrya sp., Pyxidium sp., Saprophilus sp., Spathidium sp., Sphaerophrya sp., Vorticella sp.
Phylum Sarcomastigophora : Acanthocystis sp., Actinophyrys sp.,
Phylum Euglenozoa : Bodo sp. (kinetoplastid)

See also
Astrobiology
Extremophile

References

References
McMurdo Dry Valley Long Term Ecological Research
Terrestrial Biology
Paleolimnology of Extreme Cold Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments
Subsurface Ice and Brine Sampling
Antarctic Lake Yields Ancient Bacteria
Lake Vida, Antarctica
Antarctica Lake Vida Find Life

External links
Resources
Meteorological Station Measurements, University of Colorado, Lake Vida entry
Antarctic Freshwater Diatoms, University of Colorado, Lake Vida entry
Ice Coring and Drilling Services Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Lake Vida entry
McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research VIAM data tables, Lake Vida entry
David Darling's Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Lake Vida entry
News items
"Lake Water Secret", BBC news item
"Looking for lessons at Vida", The Antarctic Sun news item on borehole pollution at Lake Vida
Photographs
Google Maps image
National Geographic photograph of Lake Vida

Valleys of Antarctica
Lakes of Antarctica
Lakes of Victoria Land
McMurdo Dry Valleys
Endorheic lakes of Antarctica

Lake Vida


Königsbergs Universitet () var universitetet i Königsberg i Østpreussen. Det blev grundlagt i 1544 som det andet protestantiske akademi (efter Marburg Universitet) af Albrecht af Preussen, og det kendes også som Albertina.

Efter anden verdenskrig blev Königsberg en del af Sovjetunionen og blev i 1946 omdøbt til Kaliningrad. Albertina blev derpå lukket, og den tyske befolkning blev fordrevet. I nutiden hævder det russiske Immanuel Kant-universitet i Kaliningrad at fastholde traditionen fra det tyske Albertina.

Historie
Albrecht, der var den første hertug af Preussen og stormester i Den Tyske Orden, havde købt et landområde bag Königsberg Katedral fra bispedømmet Samland, og her fik han opført et gymnasium i 1542. Han gav derpå tilladelse til etableringen af Collegium Albertinum i juli 1544, og allerede en måned senere blev universitetet formelt indviet. Det nyligt oprettede protestantiske hertugdømme hørte under det Polske Kongedømme, og universitetet fungerede som modpol til det katolske Krakow-akademi. Den første rektor var digteren Georg Sabinus, der var svigersøn til den reformistiske leder Philip Melanchthon. Alle undervisere skulle fra begyndelsen aflægge den augsburgske bekendelse.

Fra begyndelsen var der fire fakulteter på Albertina: Teologi, medicin, filosofi og jura; senere kom naturvidenskab til. Universitetet blev et åndeligt og intellektuelt centrum i hertugdømmet Preussen og havde sin storhedstid i 1700-tallet, hvor det var et af arnestederne for oplysningstidens kultursyn med personligheder som Johann Christoph Gottsched, Johann Georg Hamann og Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel den Ældre foruden Johann Gottfried Herder, Johann Friedrich Reichardt, E.T.A. Hoffmann og ikke mindst Immanuel Kant, der var rektor i 1786 og 1788. Disse intellektuelle lagde grunden til senere bevægelser som Weimar-klassicisme og tysk romantik.

Universitetet havde fra 1811 et storslået parkanlæg og fra 1813 et markant observatorium. I 1800-tallet blev universitetet især berømt inden for naturvidenskaben, ikke mindst i matematik-faget med markante navne som Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, Ludwig Otto Hesse, Hermann Minkowski og David Hilbert. Efter 300-års jubilæet i 1844 nedlagde kong Frederik Wilhelm 4. grundstenen til en ny hovedbygning, som stod færdig i 1862.

Efter første verdenskrig, hvor Østpreussen blev afskåret fra resten af Tyskland, blev der øget tysk nationalisme, også i de akademiske kredse, og under anden verdenskrig nåede Albertina at fejre sit 400-års jubilæum, kort inden det i lighed med resten af byen blev udsat for massivt luftbombardement fra Royal Air Force og efterfølgende indtaget af den Røde Hær efter slaget ved Königsberg 6.-9. april 1945. Efter den tyske kapitulation var stort set hele byens historiske centrum, herunder 80 % af Albertina, lagt i ruiner.

Efter krigen blev området, herunder hovedbygningen, brugt af Kaliningrads Statslige Pædagogiske Institut fra 1948, og i 1967 fik det status som Kaliningrad Statsuniveritet.

Universiteter i Tyskland
Etableret i 1544
Kaliningrad

Königsbergs Universitet


Melioideae, potporodica jasenjačevki (Meliaceae). Sastoji se od 5 tribusa (4 imenovamna i opisana), tipični je Melieae DC. s rodom očenašica, Melia L.

Tribusi

 Tribus Melieae DC.
 Owenia F. Muell. (5 spp.)
 Melia L. (2 spp.)
 Azadirachta A. Juss. (2 spp.)
 Tribus Quivisiantheae Reveal
 Sandoricum Cav. (5 spp.)
 Quivisianthe Baill. (1 sp.)
 Ekebergia Sparrm. (3 spp.)
 Tribus neopisan
 Walsura Roxb. (16 spp.)
 Heynea Roxb. (2 spp.)
 Tribus Vavaeeae Harms
 Vavaea Benth. (5 spp.)
 Tribus Trichilieae DC.
 Lepidotrichilia (Harms) J.-F. Leroy (4 spp.)
 Astrotrichilia (Harms) J.-F. Leroy ex T. D. Penn. & Styles (13 spp.)
 Munronia Wight (7 spp.)
 Cipadessa Blume (1 sp.)
 Pseudoclausena T. P. Clark (1 sp.)
 Nymania Lindb. (1 sp.)
 Naregamia Wight & Arn. (2 spp.)
 Calodecaryia J.-F. Leroy (2 spp.)
 Turraea L. (65 spp.)
 Humbertioturraea J.-F. Leroy (7 spp.)
 Malleastrum (Baill.) J.-F. Leroy (25 spp.)
 Pterorhachis Harms (2 spp.)
 Trichilia P. Browne (114 spp.)
 Didymocheton Blume (43 spp.)
 Cabralea A. Juss. (1 sp.)
 Aglaia Lour. (127 spp.)
 Aphanamixis Pierre (3 spp.)
 Lansium Corrêa (3 spp.)
 Reinwardtiodendron Koord. (6 spp.)
 Sphaerosacme Wall. ex Royle (1 sp.)
 Epicharis Blume (7 spp.)
 Dysoxylum Blume (39 spp.)
 Pseudocarapa Hemsl. (5 spp.)
 Goniocheton Blume (4 spp.)
 Guarea L. (74 spp.)
 Heckeldora Pierre (7 spp.)
 Leplaea Vermoesen (7 spp.)
 Neoguarea (Harms) E. J. M. Koenen & J. J. De Wild. (1 sp.)
 Ruagea H. Karst. (11 spp.)
 Turraeanthus Baill. (3 spp.)
 Chisocheton Blume (51 spp.)
 Prasoxylon M. Roem. (7 spp.)
 Anthocarapa Pierre (1 sp.)
 Synoum A. Juss. (1 sp.)
 Pseudobersama Verdc.

Izvori

Jasenjačevke

Melioideae


Eslami ya Misr (arabă: اسلمي يا مصر), a fost imnul național al Egiptului din 1923 până în 1936. Scris de poetul egiptean, Mostafa Saadeq Al-Rafe'ie, iar muzica este compusă de Safar Ali. Acesta este adoptat în prezent ca piesă a Academiei de Poliție Egipteană.

Versuri

Imnuri naționale
Istoria Egiptului

Eslami ya Misr


An Renanthera moluccana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Ludwig von Blume. An Renanthera moluccana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Renanthera, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Renanthera

Renanthera moluccana


Wieger Martin Frisco Sietsma (Groningen, Netherlands em 11 de julho de 1995) é um ex- futebolista profissional holandês nascido na cidade de Groninger que atuou como goleiro no Hoàng Anh Gia Lai, Milton Keynes Dons, FC Emmen e SC Heerenveen .

Carreira no clube

FC Emmen
Ele fez sua estreia profissional na Eerste Divisie pelo FC Emmen em 9 de setembro de 2016, em um jogo contra o Helmond Sport.

Milton Keynes Dons
Em 7 de julho de 2017, Sietsma se juntou ao clube Milton Keynes Dons da League One por transferência gratuita, assinando um contrato de dois anos com opção de mais um ano.

Após a lesão do goleiro titular Lee Nicholls, Sietsma fez sua estreia na liga pelo clube em 14 de abril de 2018, na derrota em casa por 1–2 para o Doncaster Rovers. Depois de se tornar o terceiro goleiro após a contratação de Stuart Moore, Sietsma deixou o clube por consentimento mútuo em 3 de janeiro de 2019. No total, ele fez 10 partidas em todas as competições pelo clube.

Hoang Anh Gia Lai
Em 16 de janeiro de 2019, Sietsma se juntou ao clube Hoàng Anh Gia Lai da V.League 1 por transferência gratuita. Em setembro de 2020, ele se aposentou do futebol profissional.

Referências

Futebolistas do SC Heerenveen
Pessoas vivas
Naturais da Groninga
Nascidos em 1995
Goleiros dos Países Baixos

Wieger Sietsma


Rhytisma ulmi er sveppategund sem leggst á blöð amerískra álmtegunda.

Tilvísanir

Sníkjusveppir
Asksveppir

Rhytisma ulmi


Zachary Wallace (parfois appelé couramment Zach Wallace) né le 29 septembre 1999, est un joueur de hockey sur gazon anglais et britannique. Il évolue au poste de milieu de terrain ou d'attaquant au HGC et avec les équipes nationales anglaise et britannique.

Carrière

Coupe du monde
 Top 8 : 2018

Championnat d'Europe
 Top 8 : 2019, 2021

Jeux olympiques
 Top 8 : 2020

Références

Liens externes

Joueur britannique de hockey sur gazon
Joueur anglais de hockey sur gazon
Naissance en septembre 1999
Joueur de hockey sur gazon aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2020

Zachary Wallace


Silke Salomon (* 4. September 1965 in Berlin, geb. Hankel) ist eine bremische Politikerin der CDU und war Abgeordnete in der Bremischen Bürgerschaft.

Biografie

Ausbildung und Beruf

Nachdem Salomon in Berlin ihr Abitur abgelegt hatte, studierte sie an der Universität Rostock von 1984 bis 1989 Chemie und schloss das Studium als Diplom-Chemikerin ab. Von 1989 bis 1995 war sie im Beruf tätig. Von 1995 bis 1998 war sie Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin beim Deutschen Bundestag im CDU-Wahlkreisbüro in Bremerhaven. Seit 1998 ist sie Mitarbeiterin bei der CDU Bremerhaven.

Politik

Salomon trat 1995 in die CDU ein. Sie war von 2003 bis 2015 Abgeordnete in der Bremischen Bürgerschaft.

Dort war sie im Ausschuss für Angelegenheiten der Häfen im Lande Bremen, Ausschuss für Integration, Bundes- und Europaangelegenheiten, internationale Kontakte und Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, Ausschuss für Wissenschaft, Medien, Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit, Ausschuss für die Gleichstellung der Frau und im Wahlprüfungsgericht vertreten.

Weblinks

 Silke Salomon auf der Website der Bremischen Bürgerschaft
 Silke Salomon auf der Website der CDU-Fraktion

Mitglied der Bremischen Bürgerschaft (ab 1945)
CDU-Mitglied
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1965
Frau

Silke Salomon


Héraðsflói er flói á Austurlandi. Jökulsá á Brú og Lagarfljót renna þar til hafs. Héraðssandur heitir strandlengjan sem er um 25 kílómetrara að lengd.

Múlaþing

Héraðsflói


Agrilus gazzellus é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Curletti & Dutto, 1999.

Referências

gazzellus

Agrilus gazzellus


Catherine Hutchesson é uma política australiana. Ela é membro do Partido Trabalhista na Assembleia da Austrália do Sul desde as eleições estaduais de 2022, representando Waite. O círculo eleitoral tinha sido liberal durante os 29 anos anteriores e o seu antecessor, Mitcham, só havia sido ocupado por membros liberais ou independentes desde 1938. Hutchesson havia sido candidata ao mesmo assento nas eleições estaduais de 2018.

Hutchesson cresceu em Glenalta e estudou na Universidade Flinders. Fora da política, trabalhou como Advogada Industrial para o Sindicato do Sector Financeiro.

Mulheres da Austrália na política
Pessoas vivas
Advogados da Austrália
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mulheres)

Catherine Hutchesson


Osam, prirodni broj
 Osam (rijeka), rijeka u Bugarskoj, pritoka Dunava

Osam (razdvojba)


Jos D'Haese, né le  à Saint-Nicolas, est un homme politique belge flamand. Membre du Parti du travail de Belgique (PTB/PVDA).

Il est élu sénateur et député au Parlement flamand lors des élections régionales belges de 2019. Il est également Président du groupe PTB au Parlement flamand.

Biographie

Enfance et formation

Jos D'Haese est le fils aîné de la femme politique Mie Branders et du sculpteur Lebuïn D'Haese.

En 2013, D'Haese obtient un baccalauréat en biologie de l'Université d'Anvers et son master en 2018. Il était un représentant étudiant à l'Université d'Anvers et président anversois de COMAC.

Carrière politique

Il est candidat à Anvers lors des élections communales de 2012 et élections régionales de 2014. Lors de ces élections, il est tête de la liste, le plus jeune de tous les temps en Belgique. Néanmoins, le parti n'atteint pas le seuil électoral et n'obtient aucun élu.

Lors des élections communales de 2018, il est élu au conseil à Borgerhout en tant que tête de liste.

Lors des élections régionales de 2019, il est à nouveau tête de liste dans la province d'Anvers. Il est élu au Parlement flamand avec Lise Vandecasteele, deuxième sur la liste. À la suite de cette élection, il est désigné Président du groupe PTB au Parlement flamand et élu sénateur.

Activités parlementaires

D'Haese a été qualifié de « nouveau talent » qui « donnerait vie à la brasserie » au parlement, et a fait une « entrée remarquée » par la presse. Jos D'Haese est connu pour ses attaques virulentes contre le gouvernement Jambon. Sur l'application TikTok, il y publie principalement des extraits d'interventions parlementaires, et il est l'homme politique flamand le plus suivi en 2021.

Il est membre des commissions des Affaires étrangères, des finances, de la mobilité, du travail et de l'environnement au Parlement flamand. Il dépose des propositions ou écrit des questions relatives à la question du transport, de l'environnement et des affaires sociales.

Au Sénat, il est membre des commissions des Affaires institutionnelles et des Matières transversales. Il a notamment déposé deux propositions de résolutions pour soutenir le peuple palestinien et réclamer le haut débit et la gratuité de la fibre optique en Belgique.

Références

Député flamand
Personnalité du Parti du travail de Belgique
Naissance en août 1992
Naissance à Saint-Nicolas (Flandre-Orientale)
Étudiant de l'université d'Angers

Jos D'Haese


Mustache Funk est un film documentaire ukrainien d'Oleksandr Kovsh et Vitaliy Bardetsky sur les ensembles vocaux et instrumentaux des années 1970, devenus des groupes folkloriques occidentaux en Union soviétique.

Le film explore le phénomène du « funk moustachu » de « l'âge d'or » de la musique pop ukrainienne. Il traite des groupes tels que Smerichka, Svityaz, Arnica, Kobza, Patterns of Ways, March, Bells, Waterfall et d'autres.

Fiche technique

 Date de sortie : Ukraine :

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Bande annonce officielle

Film ukrainien sorti en 2021
Film documentaire ukrainien
Film documentaire sur la musique
Film en ukrainien

Mustache Funk


The Phantom of the Opera (Türkçe: Operadaki Hayalet), Fransız yazar Gaston Leroux'ın aynı adlı romanından uyarlanan bir müzikaldir. Sahneye konulan ilk Operadaki Hayalet müzikali (Andrew Lloyd Webber) 1986'da yılın sanat olayı olmuştu.

Operadaki Hayalet'in bir opera eseri olduğu sıkça düşülen bir yanılgı olmasına karşın, Operadaki Hayalet bir müzikaldir, fakat hikâye bir opera binasında geçer.

Ayrıca bakınız
 The Phantom of the Opera
 The Phantom of the Opera (film 2004)
 The Phantom of the Opera (soundtrack)
 Operadaki Hayalet (roman)

Dış bağlantılar
 The Phantom of the Opera gösterinin resmi web siesi
 Andrew Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Group web sitesi

Kaynakça

Müzikal, 1986
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri müzikalleri

The Phantom of the Opera (müzikal, 1986)


Sağlık Haftası, insanların sağlık kurumlarını öğrenmesi ve sağlıklı yaşama bilincine kavuşması için Birleşmiş Milletler Örgütü tarafından 7-13 Nisan tarihleri arasında kutlanan haftadır.

Her yıl Sağlık Haftası Birleşmiş Milletler'e üye ülkelerde aynı zamanda değerlendirilir. Sağlık Haftası'nın amacı, sağlık bilgisinin ve yardımının geniş halk kitlelerine ulaşmasıdır. Hafta boyunca insan sağlığı konusunda radyolarda konuşmalar yapılır. Televizyonda sağlıkla ilgili programlar sunulur. Gazete ve dergilerde insan sağlığı ile ilgili yazılar yayınlanır.

Özel günler
Nisan'da belirli gün ve haftalar

Sağlık Haftası


مودوك (وتعني الجنوبيون) هي قبيلة هندية في أمريكا الشمالية من العرق اللوتوامي، وكانوا في السابق يعيشون قرب بحيرة كلاماث في أوريغون، وكانوا شعبا محاربا ودائما يخوضون الحروب مع جيرانهم وعرفوا بمقاومتهم الشديدة لحكومة الولايات المتحدة أو عام 1872 – 1873 فيما سمي بحرب مودوك بسبب الخطط الموضوعة لوضعهم في المحميات، وبعد قتال تمهيدي تراجعوا إلى منطقة لافا بيدز Lava Beds وهي منطقة بازلتية وهي مليئة بالكهوف، وهناك بقوا صامدين لأشهر أخرى، وخلال الحرب قتل اثنان من مفوضي السلام تحت راية الهدنة، وبعد انتهاء الحرب اعدم زعماؤهم وأرسلت القبيلة للمحافظة الهندية في أوكلاهوما، بينما أرسل البعض إلى المستعمرات في كلاماث.

مراجع

أمريكيون أصليون
قبائل الأمريكيين الأصليين في أوكلاهوما
مجموعات عرقية في الولايات المتحدة

تاريخ مقاطعة مودوك (كاليفورنيا)

قبائل أمريكية أصلية في كاليفورنيا

قبائل أمريكية أصلية في أوريغن

تاريخ الأمريكيين الأصليين في كاليفورنيا

تاريخ الحوض العظيم
مودوك

مودوك


Umpling es una localidad de la India, en el distrito de East Khasi Hills, estado de Meghalaya.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 1519  a 3 km de la capital estatal, Shillong, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 11 959 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Meghalaya

Umpling


Thomas Henry Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill,  (13 October 193311 September 2010), was a British judge who was successively Master of the Rolls, Lord Chief Justice and Senior Law Lord. He was described as the greatest lawyer of his generation. Baroness Hale of Richmond observed that his pioneering role in the formation of the United Kingdom Supreme Court may be his most important and long-lasting legacy. Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers regarded Bingham as "one of the two great legal figures of my lifetime in the law" (the other figure, in context, being Lord Denning). David Hope, Baron Hope of Craighead described Bingham as "the greatest jurist of our time".

After retiring from the judiciary in 2008, Bingham focused on teaching, writing, and lecturing on legal subjects, particularly the law of  human rights. His book, The Rule of Law, was published in 2010 and he was posthumously awarded the 2011 Orwell Prize for literature. The British Institute of International and Comparative Law named the Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law in his honour.

Early life
Bingham was born at Marylebone in London. His parents, Thomas Henry (1901–1981) and Catherine Bingham (née Watterson; 1903–1989), practised as doctors in Reigate, Surrey. His father was born in Belfast, a kinsman of the Earls of Lucan; his mother was from California before being raised on the Isle of Man.

He was educated at The Hawthorns prep school at Bletchingley, Surrey, where he was Head Boy, and then from 1947 the Cumbrian public school Sedbergh School (Winder House), where he was described as the "brightest boy in 100 years". He enjoyed history, took up fell-walking, and developed a strong attachment to the Church of England; he was a Head of House and a School Prefect. He won an open scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford, first undertaking National Service from 1952 to 1954, as a second lieutenant in the Royal Ulster Rifles serving in Hong Kong. He enjoyed his time in the Army and considered pursuing a military career before opting to serve in the Territorial Army for the next five years.

He went up to Oxford in 1954 and initially read Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, but after two terms switched to History. He was awarded one of the first  William Coolidge Pathfinder Awards and spent the summer of 1955 in the US. He entered Gray's Inn during his second year at Oxford, with a view to becoming a barrister. He was elected President of Balliol Junior Common Room in his third year. He won the Gibbs Prize for Modern History in 1957 and was awarded first-class honours in finals. He also tried, unsuccessfully, for fellowship by examination at All Souls College. After graduation, he read for the Bar as Eldon Law Scholar and achieved a Certificate of Honour, coming top of Bar finals in 1959.

In 1963 he married Elizabeth Loxley, a Somerville graduate whose great-uncle was Major Gerald Loxley, of the Loxley family of Northcott Court, Hertfordshire; they had one daughter Catherine Elizabeth (born 1965), known as Kate, and two sons Thomas Henry (Harry, born 1967) and Christopher Toby (Kit, born 1969). Their only daughter, Kate Bingham, has been married since 1992 to Jesse Norman, MP, then Conservative government minister.

In 1965 Bingham and his wife Elizabeth acquired a cottage at Cornhill, near Boughrood in Powys; he died there in 2010.

Early career
Bingham was called to the Bar by Gray's Inn, and was a pupil barrister under Judge Owen Stable QC in the chambers of Leslie Scarman at 2 Crown Office Row, which later moved to Fountain Court Chambers: within a few months, he was invited to become a tenant at the chambers. He took silk in 1972, becoming Queen's Counsel aged just 38 and the youngest that year, having served as Standing Counsel at the Department of Employment for four years from 1968. He was Counsel to the judicial inquiry into an explosion at a chemical plant at Flixborough in 1974 which killed 28 people. In 1977, when still at the Bar, he rose to public attention when he was appointed by the then-Foreign Secretary Dr. David Owen to head a public enquiry into alleged breaches of UN sanctions by oil companies in Rhodesia.

He was appointed a Recorder in 1975, and became a Bencher of Gray's Inn in 1978. He was promoted High Court Judge of the Queen's Bench Division in April 1980, aged 46, and assigned to the Commercial Court, receiving the customary knighthood. He was further promoted to the Court of Appeal in 1986, joining the Privy Council. In 1991 he led a high-profile inquiry into the collapse of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI).

Senior judicial career

Bingham succeeded Lord Donaldson as Master of the Rolls in 1992 and initiated significant reforms, including a move towards the replacement of certain oral hearings in major civil law cases. He was one of the first senior judges to give public support to incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights into English law, which ultimately came about with the passing of the Human Rights Act 1998. Bingham was appointed Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales in 1996, following Lord Taylor. In England and Wales, he was the highest-ranking judge in regular courtroom service; he was personally responsible for adding "and Wales" to the title of the office.

He was created a life peer as Baron Bingham of Cornhill, of Boughrood in the County of Powys, on 4 June 1996. He continued as Lord Chief Justice until 2000 when he was appointed Senior Law Lord. This position had customarily been held by the longest-serving Law Lord. Bingham was followed in the office of Lord Chief Justice by Lord Woolf, who had succeeded him as Master of the Rolls in 1996.

Bingham was a strong advocate of divorcing the judicial branch of the House of Lords from its legislative functions by setting up a new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, which was accomplished under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. The title of the office he held was redesignated as "President of the Supreme Court" upon that court's establishment in October 2009, after Bingham had retired in July 2008. He is understood to have been "very sorry" not to serve as its inaugural president.

Bingham oversaw an increasing workload of constitutional affairs after Scottish devolution, and human rights matters after the Human Rights Act came into force, and assembled the first nine-judge panels for important cases since 1910, including the Belmarsh Case in December 2004 which reviewed the regime for indefinite detention of foreign nationals suspected of involvement in terrorism who could not be deported due to the risk of torture in their home countries, holding that the regimes might breach the Human Rights Act.

Bingham was one of two Law Lords to dissent from the decision to overturn the High Court and Court of Appeal decisions to quash an Order-in-Council, dismissing all impediments to the rights of the Chagos Islanders to return home. Bingham also presided over various decisions of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council upholding the finding that death penalties in Belize, St Lucia, St Kitts and the Bahamas were unconstitutional.

Honours
Bingham was awarded the degree of Doctor of Civil Law honoris causa by the University of Oxford in 1994. From 2001 to 2008, Bingham held the office of High Steward of the University of Oxford, its second-highest office in the academic hierarchy, and in 2003 he came second to Chris Patten (now Lord Patten) in the election for Chancellor. Bingham served as the Visitor of Balliol College, Oxford, from 1986 to 2010.

As Master of the Rolls, Bingham served on the Advisory Council on Public Records, the Magna Carta Trust, and the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. He was a Trustee of the Pilgrim Trust for 15 years and an Honorary Fellow of the British Academy from 2003. In 2005, he was advanced from Knight Bachelor to the Garter, an honour in the personal gift of the Sovereign and seldom bestowed upon judges, being installed as a Knight of the Garter with Lady Soames and Sir John Major. He also served as president and chairman of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, which established in 2010 the Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law in his honour.

On 16 November 2006, Bingham delivered the sixth annual Sir David Williams Lecture, hosted by the Centre for Public Law at the Faculty of Law of the University of Cambridge; this lecture was entitled "The Rule of Law". On 17 January 2008, Bingham presented the annual Hansard Lecture at the University of Southampton. On 14 March 2008, Bingham received the degree of Doctor of Jurisprudence honoris causa from the University of Rome III, after delivering the Lectio Magistralis at the Faculty of Law entitled "The Rule of Law".

In 2009, Bingham became involved with Reprieve, a UK Charity, as well as delivering the fourth annual Jan Grodecki Lecture at the University of Leicester, entitled The House of Lords: Its Future.

Retirement
Bingham remained active in retirement. On 17 November 2008, in his first major speech since retiring as Senior Law Lord, Bingham, addressing the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, disputed the legality of the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries. He said that the invasion and occupation of Iraq was "a serious violation of international law", and he accused Britain and the US of acting like a "world vigilante".

In June 2009, Bingham was interviewed by the British legal journalist Joshua Rozenberg on the subject of the rule of law in international affairs, an event arranged to raise awareness of the Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. Bingham's thoughts on this subject, in particular banning of certain weapons in international conflict, were covered by various newspapers The Independent ("Top judge: use of drones intolerable") and The Daily Telegraph ("Unmanned drones could be banned, says senior judge").
Bingham gave another interview concerning the rule of law and matters pertaining to the "British Constitution" with the charity, the Constitution Society.

His book, The Rule of Law, was published by Allen Lane in 2010; it won the 2011 Orwell Prize for Literature.

Death
Diagnosed with lung cancer in 2009 (he was a non-smoker), Bingham died the following year, and is buried at St Cynog's Church at Boughrood in Powys, Wales. His memorial service was held at Westminster Abbey on 25 May 2011 with the Adamant New Orleans Marching Band playing When the Saints Go Marching In.

Judgments

High Court
Bank of Tokyo Ltd v Karoon [1987] AC 45n, piercing the corporate veil

Court of Appeal
Attia v British Gas Plc [1988] QB 304, expanding the scope of psychiatric injury to relate to property
Al-Kandari v JR Brown & Co [1988] QB 665, no duty of care owed by a solicitor to the client's adversary
R v Secretary of State, ex parte Factortame Ltd (No 1) (22 March 1989) part of the Factortame saga establishing the principle of EU law supremacy where the UK has delegated sovereignty under the treaties
Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd [1989] QB 433, the more onerous a contractual term the more candid notice must be to qualify as reasonable
The Aramis [1989] 1 Lloyd's Rep 213, the test for an implied contractual obligation is that it is necessary to reflect the business parties' expectations
Blackpool & Fylde Aero Club v Blackpool Borough Council [1990] 1 WLR 1195, an implied contractual duty to consider tender offers arose on the facts to reflect the intentions objectively manifested by the parties

Court of Appeal (as the Master of the Rolls)
Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605, the leading tort case on the duty of care
Hyundai Merchant Marine Co Ltd v Gesuri Chartering Co Ltd or The Peonia [1991] 1 Lloyd's Rep 100, damages for late delivery of shipping goods are the difference between the market and the charter rate
Pitt v PHH Asset Management Ltd [1994] 1 WLR 327, lockout agreements are enforceable
Ex Parte Unilever, an administrative law case concerning judicial review stating "the categories of unfairness are not closed, and precedent should act as a guide, not a cage"
White Arrow Express Ltd v Lamey's Distribution Ltd [1996] Trading Law Reports 69, remarks on non-pecuniary losses

House of Lords
Lubbe v Cape Plc [2000] 1 WLR 1545, conflict of laws and sidestepping the corporate veil for tort victims
Reynolds v Times Newspapers Ltd [2001] 2 AC 127, qualified privilege
Director General of Fair Trading v First National Bank plc [2001] UKHL 52, test of good faith in unfair contract term cases (not breached here)
Dextra Bank & Trust Company Limited v Bank of Jamaica [2002] UKPC 50
Johnson v Gore Wood & Co [2002] 2 AC 1, on reflective loss and res judicata
Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2002] UKHL 22, material increase in risk test of causation for victims of asbestos related torts
Transco plc v Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council [2003] UKHL 61, the firm affirmation of Rylands v Fletcher strict liability for nuisance in English law
HIH Casualty and General Insurance Ltd v Chase Manhattan Bank [2003] UKHL 6, exclusion of liability for fraudulent misrepresentation in English law
R v G [2003] UKHL 50, abolishing Caldwell recklessness
Chester v Afshar [2004] UKHL 41, a patient's right to be fully informed about the risks involved in a medical procedure
A and others v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] UKHL 56, illegality of indefinite detention
Doe v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] UKHL 26, freedom of conscience
R v Wang [2005] 1 WLR 661, [2005] UKHL 9, [2005] 1 All ER 782, [2005] 2 Cr App R 8, 'there are no circumstances in which a judge is entitled to direct a jury to return a verdict of guilty'
R (Williamson) v Secretary of State for Education and Employment [2005] UKHL 15, "the means chosen to achieve this aim are appropriate and not disproportionate in their adverse impact on parents who believe that carefully-controlled administration of corporal punishment to a mild degree can be beneficial"
Jackson v Attorney General [2005] UKHL 56, challenge to the fox hunting ban using the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949
R (Begum) v Governors of Denbigh High School [2006] UKHL 15, no right to wear any religious dress regardless of a well consulted school uniform policy
Kay v Lambeth London Borough Council (2006), on evictions
Golden Strait Corporation v Nippon Yusen Kubishka Kaisha [2007] UKHL 12, measure of damages for breach of contract
R (Bancoult) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (No 2) [2008] UKHL 61
R v Davis [2008] UKHL 36, anonymity of witness evidence
R (Daly) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] UKHL 26 "The infringement of prisoners' rights to maintain the confidentiality of their privileged legal correspondence is greater than is shown to be necessary to serve the legitimate public objectives already identified"

Publications

Legacy
In 2010, shortly before Bingham died, the British Institute of International and Comparative Law established The Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law, a body solely dedicated to the promotion and enhancement of the rule of law worldwide.

In an interview on 7 February 2014, Nick Phillips, successor to Bingham as Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, remarked that "…Tom Bingham was the most wonderful man, he was head and shoulders above everybody else in the Law in my view…yes just outstanding…his clarity of thought, his academic knowledge. I think almost everyone would say that he was, you know, the great lawyer of his generation."

Arms

See also
Civil liberties in the United Kingdom
English Law of Tort

Notes

References
 Iraq war 'violated rule of law BBC NEWS
 Stephen Sedley, 'Bingham, Thomas Henry, Baron Bingham of Cornhill (1933–2010)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Jan 2014 accessed 10 July 2014

External links
 Interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 31 March 2009 (video)
 'Notable judgements of Lord Bingham', Chambers Student Guide 2011
 'British Institute of International and Comparative Law'
 'Thomas Bingham Chambers'

1933 births
2010 deaths
People educated at Sedbergh School
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Bingham, Thomas Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill
20th-century King's Counsel
21st-century King's Counsel
English King's Counsel
Knights Bachelor
Bingham of Cornhill
20th-century English judges
Bingham of Cornhill
Masters of the Rolls
Bingham of Cornhill, Thomas Henry, Baron
Knights of the Garter
Bingham of Cornhill, Thomas Henry, Baron
Fellows of King's College London
Queen's Bench Division judges
Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
Deaths from lung cancer in Wales
Attorneys-General of the Duchy of Lancaster
English people of Irish descent
Lords Justices of Appeal
21st-century English judges
Honorary Fellows of the British Academy
Life peers created by Elizabeth II

Tom Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill


Andreas Weimann (; n. 5 august 1991) este un fotbalist profesionist austriac care joacă pe postul de atacant sau de extrema pentru Bristol City și echipa națională a Austriei. A jucat pentru Watford în timpul a două împrumuturi din 2011. Weimann a semnat cu Aston Villa la vârstă de șaisprezece ani de la Rapid Vienna și a jucat în peste 100 de meciuri în Premier League înainte de transferul său la Derby County. A fost împrumutat la Wolves în ianuarie 2017, după care a ajuns la Bristol City în iulie 2018.

Cariera pe echipe

Rapid Viena
Născut la Viena, Weimann și-a început cariera la clubul din orașul său natal FC Stadlau, înainte de a ajunge la Rapid Viena la vârsta de treisprezece ani. A rămas acolo timp de trei ani, după care a fi semnat cu clubul de Premier League Aston Villa, semnând pentru clubul englez alături de colegul său austriac Dominik Hofbauer (acum la SKN St. Pölten). A declarat de fiecare dată de atunci că încă o mai susține pe Rapid Viena.

Aston Villa

Primii ani
Weimann a jucat pentru echipă în cadrul Cupei Păcii din 2009 împotriva lui Juventus, Atlante și FC Porto. Atacantul a fost un jucător important pentru echipa de rezervă a lui Aston Villa, în special în sezonul 2009-2010, în care a umplut locul lăsat gol de Nathan Delfouneso, terminând  sezonul drept cel mai bun marcator al Ligii Rezervelor de Sud, cu nouă goluri.

În urma unei impresii impresii bune lăsate la echipa de rezervă, Weimann a semnat prelungirea contractului până în iunie 2012.

La 8 mai 2010, Weimann a fost numit în lotul provizoriu pentru ultimul meci din sezon împotriva lui Blackburn Rovers după ce l-a impresionat pe antrenorul Martin O'Neill în timpul finalei echipei de rezerve împotriva lui Manchester United. Cu toate acestea, el nu a fost printre cei 18 jucători trecuți pe foaia de joc pentru acel meci.

La 16 mai 2010, Weimann a făcut parte din echipa lui Aston Villa care a câștigat turneul Hong Kong Soccer Sevens. Punctul culminant al performanțelor sale din timpul Cupei a fost un hat-trick înscris împotriva lui Yau Yee League Select din Hong Kong.

La 27 iulie 2010, Weimann a marcat două goluri pentru Aston Villa într-un meci amical cu Walsall. În luna următoare, pe 6 august, Weimann a fost pe bancă și a intrat pe teren pentru prima echipă într-un meci amical cu Valencia.

La 14 august 2010, Weimann și-a făcut debutul în campionat pentru Aston Villa, înlocuindu-l pe Ashley Young în minutul 86 împotriva lui West Ham United. Antrenorul lui Villa, Kevin MacDonald, l-a numit pe Weimann în lotul de 20 de jucători care au făcut deplasarea în Austria pentru confruntarea cu fostul său club Rapid Viena în UEFA Europa League la 19 august 2010; A intrat în locul lui Marc Albrighton în minutul 79, accidentându-se peste doar trei minute. El a rămas pe tușă până în ianuarie 2011, când a revenit la lot.

Împrumuturile la Watford
La 19 ianuarie 2011, Weimann a semnat cu Watford un contract de împrumut pentru restul sezonului 2010-2011. El a debutat pentru Watford în înfrângerea din Cupa Angliei cu Brighton & Hove Albion. Apoi a debutat în campionat cu Crystal Palace acasă pe 1 februarie 2011 și a marcat primul gol pentru noua sa echipă în acel meci. Weimann a continuat să joace pentru rezervele lui Aston Villa în timpul perioadei de împrumut de la Watford, deoarece a fost împrumutat ca tineret. Această formă de împrumut permite jucătorilor să continue să-și reprezinte cluburile de proveniență, dar numai pentru echipele de tineret și de rezervă. A jucat 19 meciuri în total pentru Watford, marcând 4 goluri.

Weimann a revenit la Aston Villa și a jucat primul meci în sezonului 2011-2012, pe 23 august 2011, în a doua rundă a Cupei Ligii, într-un egal acasă împotriva lui Hereford United. El a intrat în a doua repriză în locul lui Darren Bent cu Villa calificându-se datorită unui meci câștigat cu 2-0. Trei zile mai târziu, pe 26 august, a semnat un nou contract cu Aston Villa până în 2014 Dar la doar câteva ore după reînnoirea contractului său cu Aston Villa, Weimann a revenit la Watford la care a fost împrumutat pentru a doua oară, până în ianuarie 2012. El a jucat trei meciuri în campionat pentru Watford împotriva lui Birmingham City, Reading și Barnsley pe tot parcursul lunilor august și septembrie. Cu toate acestea, la mai puțin de o lună mai târziu, pe 23 septembrie, a fost anunțat faptul că Weimann a fost rechemat la clubul de proveniență pentru a-l ajuta să se recupereze după o accidentare.

Întoarcerea la Villa
După ce s-a întors la club, Weimann a intrat direct în echipă pentru meciul cu Queens Park Rangers.

După ce a marcat hat-trickuri, fanii au cerut ca Weimann să joace în prima echipă în locul lui Darren Bent care se accidentase într-un meci cu Wigan și avea să lipsească pentru tot restul sezonului.

La 10 martie 2012, după ce a fost înlocuit cu Charles N'Zogbia, Weimann a marcat primul său gol pentru Villa în minutul 92, oferind echipei sale șansa de a obține victoria cu 1-0 asupra lui Fulham. Weimann a reușit să profite ajungând repede la minge și înscriind după ce portarul lui Fulham a respins slab șutul expediat de Gary Gardner. Pe 9 aprilie a înscris un gol împotriva Stoke City într-un meci terminat la egalitate scor 1-1 și a fost aproape de a marca în repriza secundă.

La 10 noiembrie 2012, Weimann a marcat două goluri împotriva lui Manchester United pe Villa Park și ambele goluri au arătat plasamentul și șutul bun de care a dat dovadă Weimann. Meciul s-a terminat în cele din urmă cu 3-2 pentru Manchester United, dar Weimann a primit ovații în picioare din publicului de pe Villa Park când a fost înlocuit. La 11 decembrie 2012, Weimann a marcat două goluri pentru Villa, în meciul cu Norwich City scor 4-1, în urma căruia s-a calificat în semifinala Cupei Ligii. Patru zile mai târziu, a marcat al doilea gol al lui Villa cu Liverpool după o combinație cu Christian Benteke, demonstrând faptul că s-a dezvoltat un parteneriat bun și relații de joc între cei doi. El a marcat apoi împotriva lui Swansea City la 1 ianuarie 2013, marcând din nou dintr-o pasă dată de Benteke. Mai târziu în acea săptămână, a marcat golul victoriei în minutul 83 al meciului din turul trei al Cupei Angliei, împotriva lui Ipswich City, în urma căruia Villa s-a calificat mai departe. După ce a înscris în prima manșă, Weimann, care a intrat ca rezervă, a obținut un gol împotriva lui Bradford City în a doua manșă a semifinalelor. Cu toate acestea, golul marcat în minutul 89 a venit prea târziu pentru Villa, deoarece a fost eliminată după ce a pierdut cu 4-3 la general. Weimann a încheiat sezonul cu 12 goluri în toate competițiile, marcând un gol la trei meciuri.

Weimann a marcat primul gol din sezonul 2013-2014 pe 28 august 2013 cu un șut de la 25 de metri împotriva lui Rotherham United într-o victorie cu 3-0 în Cupa Ligii. A marcat al doilea gol o lună mai târziu, ultimul din victoria cu 3-2 cu Manchester City. La 3 mai 2014, Weimann a marcat două goluri împotriva lui Hull City într-un meci care s-a încheiat cu o victorie de 3-1 și în urma căruia echipa sa și-a asigurat rămânerea în Premier League și pentru sezonul următor.

Weimann a jucat primul meci din sezonul 2014-2015 pentru Villa împotriva Stoke City, în care a marcat singurul gol al partidei în minutul 50 care a condus echipa spre victorie. Cel de-al doilea gol al sezonului marcat de el a fost cel din înfrângerea scor 2-1 cu Hull City pe 31 august 2014, după ce a primit o minge de la Kieran Richardson. Weimann a marcat al treilea gol într-o înfrângere scor 2-1 cu Spurs la Villa Park, fructificând o centrare venită de la Charles N'Zogbia de la 15 metri. Acesta a fost primul gol al lui Villa în 5 meciuri. Weimann a marcat următorul gol într-o partidă terminată la egalitate cu Bournemouth, înscriind al doilea gol într-o victorie cu 2-1 pe Villa Park.

Derby County
La 18 iunie 2015, Weimann a semnat cu Derby County pe o perioadă de patru ani. A marcat primul său gol pentru noua sa echipă în minutul 7 al victoriei cu 3-0 asupra lui Rotherham United pe 31 octombrie 2015. După ce a început ca titular în doar un meci de campionat în timpul sezonului 2016-2017, Weimann a fost împrumutat la Wolverhampton Wanderers restul sezonului pe 19 ianuarie 2017.

Și-a făcut debutul pentru echipă la 21 ianuarie 2017, intrând pe teren într-o înfrângere cu 1-3 cu Norwich. O săptămână mai târziu, la 28 ianuarie 2017, a fost pentru prima dată titular și a marcat primul său gol pentru club într-o victorie cu 2-1 din Cupa Angliei împotriva lui Liverpool pe Anfield.

Bristol City
La 3 iulie 2018, Weimann a semnat cu clubul Bristol City un contract pe trei ani, cu o opțiune de prelungire pentru încă un an, pentru o sumă de transfer nedezvăluită.

Cariera la națională

Weimann a reprezentat Austria la categoriile de vârstă sub 17 ani, sub 19 ani și sub de 21 ani. Weimann a marcat la debutul său la categoria sub 21 de ani în fața echipei Scoției U-21 într-un meci de calificare la Campionatul European sub 21 de ani al UEFA în 2011 la 5 septembrie 2009. Weimann a marcat în minutul 57, la doar 2 minute după ce l-a înlocuit pe colegul său Marc Sand. Celelalte două goluri pe care Weimann le-a marcat în calificări au fost împotriva Azerbaidjanului și Albaniei.

În iulie 2010, Weimann a fost chemat la echipa U-19 a Austriei pentru Campionatul European  sub 19 ani al UEFA. Weimann a jucat în toate cele trei meciuri ale Austriei și a jucat împotriva coechipierului său de la Aston Villa, Nathan Delfouneso, într-o înfrângere cu 3-2 împotriva Angliei.

La 12 octombrie 2012, Weimann și-a făcut debutul pentru echipa națională a Austriei împotriva Kazahstanului într-o remiză scor 0-0.

Referințe

Legături externe

 Andreas Weimann  pe site-ul Bristol City FC

Fotbaliști ai Premier League
Fotbaliști ai Wolverhampton Wanderers FC
Fotbaliști ai Derby County FC
Fotbaliști ai Watford FC
Fotbaliști ai Aston Villa FC
Atacanți
Fotbaliști internaționali austrieci
Fotbaliști austrieci
Oameni în viață
Nașteri în 1991

Andreas Weimann


Aderus fasciatus é uma espécie de inseto besouro da família Aderidae. Foi descrita cientificamente por Frederick Ernst Melsheimer em 1846.

Referências

fasciatus
Insetos descritos em 1846

Aderus fasciatus


Abenceragii au fost o familie de nobili mauri din Spania. Familia a fost distrusă în anii 1460 de regele Abu-Hassan, într-un eveniment care a inspirat lucrarea lui Chateaubriand Dernier des Abencerages (1826), tradusă în română de Alexandrescu-Dorna (1909, Biblioteca pentru toți) și de Al. Rădulescu (1915, Biblioteca Minerva).

Note

Sultani
Dinastii musulmane
Andaluzia

Abenceragi


Chirilagua est une municipalité du département de San Miguel au Salvador.

Elle est située à la fois au sud de San Miguel et de son département.

La ville-centre de Chirilagua est située sur un plateau qui s'élève entre 284 et 750 mètres. En contrebas de ce plateau s'étire le long de l'océan une basse plaine maritime quasi délaissée où les activités humaines y sont peu présentes.

C'est la seule municipalité du département de San Miguel à disposer d'une ouverture sur l'océan Pacifique  étant située à l'ouest du golfe de Fonseca et à l'est de la baie de Jiquilisco.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Département de San Miguel

Liens externes

Municipalité dans le département de San Miguel (Salvador)

Chirilagua


بريتوفو  هي مدينة في مقاطعة ياروسلافل أوبلاست في روسيا.

مراجع

مدن مقاطعة ياروسلافل

بريتوفو (جاروسلافل)


Angelo Vicari, né à Sant'Agata di Militello le , mort à Rome le , est un policier et préfet italien.

Biographie
Angelo Vicari est nommé préfet en 1946. Il est nommé successivement à Palerme en 1948, à Gênes en 1953 et à Milan en 1958.

En octobre 1960, il prend la tête de la police italienne après les manifestations meurtrières de juillet 1960 qui provoque la chute du gouvernement Tambroni auquel succède le gouvernement Fanfani III.

Durant ses douze ans à ce poste, il doit gérer les manifestations étudiantes et ouvrières. Il provoque une polémique en traitant de mafieux le maire de Palerme nouvellement élu, Vito Ciancimino, dans le cadre d'une conférence de presse sur la disparition du journaliste Mauro De Mauro.

Il prend sa retraite en 1973.

Décorations

  Commandeur de l'ordre du Mérite civil (arrêté ministériel du 14 octobre 1963)

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Province de Palerme

Liens externes

Naissance en janvier 1908
Naissance à Sant'Agata di Militello
Préfet italien
Décès à Rome
Décès en mai 1991
Décès à 83 ans

Angelo Vicari


est un film américain réalisé par Patrick Hasburgh, sorti en 1993.

Synopsis

Fiche technique

Distribution
 Paul Gross : TJ Burke
 Peter Berg : Dexter Rutecki
 Finola Hughes : Bryce Kellogg
 Teri Polo : Robin Hand
 William Russ : Dave Ritchie
 Trevor Eve : Karl Stall
 Martin Kemp : Franz Houser
 Stewart Finley McLennan : Rudy Zucker
 Tony Griffin : Gary Eimiller
 Julie Royer : Michelle Proux
 Patrick T. Johnson : Bill Swanson
 William McNamara : Todd Pounds
 Gary Eimiller : Jinx Stone
 Stan Ivar : Mr. Parker
 David Boreanaz : un spectateur
 Karla Souza : Kimberly
 Nicolette Scorsese : Tina

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 1993
Film dramatique américain
Film de Hollywood Pictures

Aspen Extreme


Der Regionale Naturpark Montagne de Reims () erstreckt sich im Westen des Département Marne in der französischen Region Grand Est. Er liegt in einem Hügelland südlich der Stadt Reims, das den Namen Montagne de Reims trägt und wird im Süden vom Fluss Marne begrenzt und im Norden von der Vesle.

Parkverwaltung
Die Parkverwaltung hat ihren Sitz in Pourcy ().
Der Naturpark wurde 1976 gegründet, umfasst eine Fläche von rund 53.300 Hektar und ein Einzugsgebiet von etwa 34.000 Einwohnern, das sich über 68 Gemeinden erstreckt. Weitere Zugangsorte sind mit dem Park assoziiert, die außerhalb des Parks liegen. Es sind dies:
 Reims
 Épernay
 Châlons-en-Champagne

Landschaft und Lebensräume
siehe Hauptartikel Montagne de Reims

Siehe auch
 Liste der regionalen Naturparks in Frankreich

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website des Parks (französisch)

Montagne de Reims
Département Marne
Geographie (Grand Est)

Regionaler Naturpark Montagne de Reims


Das Klavierkonzert cis-Moll, FP 146 ist ein Konzert des französischen Komponisten Francis Poulenc.

Entstehung
Francis Poulenc schrieb sein Klavierkonzert im Jahr 1950. Es ist somit ins Spätwerk des Komponisten einzuordnen und entstand 12 Jahre nach dem Orgelkonzert. Das Werk ist von einfacher Harmonik und spontaner Melodik geprägt. Es erinnert in seiner Konzeption ein wenig an das 2. Klavierkonzert von Dmitri Schostakowitsch. Weitere Inspirationsquellen waren laut Poulenc die Klavierkonzerte seines französischen Landsmannes Camille Saint-Saëns. Poulenc erhielt den Auftrag für dieses Werk 1949 vom Sinfonieorchester in Boston, wo es schließlich auch uraufgeführt wurde.

Zur Musik

1. Satz: Allegretto
Der Hauptsatz des Konzertes beginnt mit einer einfachen und liedhaften Melodie im Soloklavier zu sanfter Orchesterbegleitung. Das Klangbild erinnert ein wenig an die Klavierkonzerte Dmitri Schostakowitschs. Der Nachsatz wird durch die Streicher eingeführt und das Klavier fortgesetzt, er ist von lyrischem Charakter und bringt das zweite Thema, einen tänzerisch-vergnügten Gedanken, hervor. Hieraus entwickelt sich ein weitschweifender Gedanke, welcher Elemente der Filmmusik und der Romantik vereinigt. Er mündet in eine Passage, die von großer Prächtigkeit geprägt ist. Das Klavier spielt einige volle Durakkorde von klassischer Harmonik, welche von Fanfaren der Blechbläser beantwortet werden. Dieses Geschehen wird wiederholt. Es folgt eine verkürzte Wiederholung des Konzertbeginns, welche mit einigen Dur-Akkorden zum Ende des Satzes führt.

2. Satz: Andante con moto
Das Andante beginnt mit einem lyrischen Thema in den Violinen zu leise wiegender Begleitung der Bläser. Es erinnert ein wenig an das Klavierkonzert von George Gershwin. Das Soloklavier nimmt anschließend die Violinenmelodie auf. Plötzlich steigende Dramatik im Orchester wird von schnellen aufwärts-Tonleitern des Klaviers begleitet. Wie für Poulencs Musik üblich, wechseln sich in schneller Folge verschiedene Charakterbilder ab. Ein Forte-Einwurf des Orchesters wird vom Klavier aufgenommen und zum Gipfelpunkt des Satzes geführt. Der Satz verklingt mit dem langsamen Hauptthema des Beginns.

3. Satz: Rondeau à la francaise
Das kurze Schlussrondo beginnt mit dem vom Soloklavier vorgetragenen A-Thema. Es ist von heiterem Charakter und schnellem Vortragstempo. Die folgenden Einwürfe, welche den B- und C-Teil des Rondos darstellen, sind von sehr ähnlichem Charakter wie das Hauptthema und allesamt aus dessen Themenmaterial konzipiert. Der Satz verklingt fast beiläufig mit zwei Holzbläsertönen zu einer abfallenden Tonleiter des Klaviers.

Wirkung
Das Klavierkonzert wurde am 6. Januar 1950 in Boston uraufgeführt, am Klavier saß der Komponist, das Boston Symphony Orchestra leitete Charles Munch. Obwohl das Werk dem Publikum durchaus gefiel, gehört es heute zu den weniger gespielten Werken Poulencs und wird trotz seiner zweifellos vorhandenen Qualitäten relativ selten aufgeführt.

Klavierkonzert
Poulenc
Musik 1950

Klavierkonzert (Poulenc)


Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (; 2 November 680 – ), commonly known as Umar II (), was the eighth Umayyad caliph. He is credited to have instituted significant reforms to the Umayyad central government, by making it much more efficient and egalitarian.

His rulership is marked by the first official collection of Hadith and the mandated universal education to the populace. He dispatched emissaries to China and Tibet, inviting their rulers to accept Islam. It was during his three-year reign that Islam was accepted by huge segments of the populations of Persia and Egypt. He also ordered the withdrawal of the Muslim forces in various fronts such as in Constantinople, Central Asia and Septimania. However despite this, his reign witnessed the Umayyads gaining many new territories in the Iberian Peninsula.

Due to this, Umar has been described as and was called the first Mujaddid and sixth righteous caliph of Islam after Hasan ibn Ali according to some Muslim scholars.

Early life
Umar was likely born in Medina around 680. His father, Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan, belonged to the wealthy Umayyad clan resident in the city, while his mother, Umm Asim bint Asim, was a granddaughter of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (). His lineage from the much-respected Caliph Umar would later be much emphasized by historians to differentiate him from the other Umayyad rulers.

Umar was a cousin of the former caliph, being the son of Abd al-Malik's younger brother, Abd al-Aziz. He was also a matrilineal great-grandson of the second Rashidun caliph, Umar ibn al-Khattab.

At the time of his birth, another branch of the Umayyads, the Sufyanids, ruled  from their capital Damascus. When the reigning Caliph Yazid I and his son and successor, Mu'awiya II, died in quick succession in 683 and 684, respectively, Umayyad authority collapsed across the Caliphate and the Umayyads of the Hejaz, including Medina, were expelled by supporters of the rival caliph, the Mecca-based Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. The Umayyad exiles took refuge in Syria, where loyalist Arab tribes supported the dynasty. Umar's grandfather, Marwan I, was ultimately recognized by these tribes as caliph and, with their support, reasserted Umayyad rule in Syria.

In 685, Marwan ousted Ibn al-Zubayr's governor from Egypt and appointed Umar's father to the province. Umar spent part of his childhood in Egypt, particularly in Hulwan, which had become the seat of his father's governorship between 686 and his death in 705. He received his education in Medina, however, which was retaken by the Umayyads under Umar's paternal uncle, Caliph Abd al-Malik (), in 692. Having spent much of his youth in Medina, Umar developed ties with the city's pious men and transmitters of hadiths. Following the death of Umar's father, Abd al-Malik recalled Umar to Damascus, where he arranged Umar's marriage to his daughter, Fatima. Umar had two other wives: his maternal cousin Umm Shu'ayb or Umm Uthman, the daughter of Shu'ayb or Sa'id ibn Zabban of the Banu Kalb tribe, and Lamis bint Ali of the Balharith. From his wives he had seven known children, as well as seven other children from concubines.

Governor of Medina
Shortly after his accession, Abd al-Malik's son and successor, al-Walid I (), appointed Umar governor of Medina. According to Julius Wellhausen, al-Walid's intention was to use Umar to reconcile the townspeople of Medina to Umayyad rule and " the evil memory" of the preceding Umayyad governors, namely Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi, whose rule over Medina had been harsh for its inhabitants. Umar took up the post in February/March 706 and his jurisdiction later extended to Mecca and Ta'if.

Information about his governorship is scant, but most traditional accounts note that he was a "just governor", according to historian Paul Cobb. He often led the annual Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca and showed favor toward the Islamic legal scholars of Medina, notably Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab. Umar tolerated many of these scholars' open criticism of the Umayyad government's conduct. However, other accounts hold that he showed himself to be materialistic during his early career. On al-Walid's orders, Umar undertook the reconstruction and expansion of the Prophet's Mosque in Medina beginning in 707. Under Umar's generally lenient rule, the Hejaz became a refuge for Iraqi political and religious exiles fleeing the persecutions of al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, al-Walid's powerful viceroy over the eastern half of the Caliphate. According to Cobb, this served as Umar's "undoing" as al-Hajjaj pressured the caliph to dismiss Umar in May/June 712.

Courtier of al-Walid and Sulayman
Despite his dismissal, Umar remained in al-Walid's favor, being the brother of the caliph's first wife, Umm al-Banin bint Abd al-Aziz. He remained in al-Walid's court in Damascus until the caliph's death in 715, and according to the 9th-century historian al-Ya'qubi, he performed the funeral prayers for al-Walid. The latter's brother and successor, Sulayman (), held Umar in high regard. Alongside Raja ibn Haywa al-Kindi, an influential religious figure in the Umayyads' court, Umar served as a principal adviser of Sulayman. He accompanied the latter when he led the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca in 716 and on his return to Jerusalem. Likewise, he was at the caliph's side at the Muslims' marshaling camp at Dabiq in northern Syria, where Sulayman directed the massive war effort to conquer the Byzantine capital of Constantinople in 717.

Caliphate

Accession
According to the traditional Muslim sources, when Sulayman was on his deathbed in Dabiq, he was persuaded by Raja to designate Umar as his successor. Sulayman's son Ayyub had been his initial nominee, but predeceased him, while his other sons were either too young or away fighting on the Byzantine front. The nomination of Umar voided the wishes of Abd al-Malik, who sought to restrict the office to his direct descendants. The elevation of Umar, a member of a cadet branch of the dynasty, in preference to the numerous descendants of Abd al-Malik surprised these princes. According to Wellhausen, "nobody dreamed of this, himself [Umar] least of all". Raja managed the affair, calling the Umayyad princes into Dabiq's mosque and demanding that they recognize Sulayman's will, which Raja had kept secret. Only after the Umayyads accepted did Raja reveal that Umar was the caliph's nominee. Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik voiced his opposition, but relented after being threatened with violence. A potential intra-dynastic conflict was averted with the designation of a son of Abd al-Malik, Yazid II, as Umar's successor.

According to the historian Reinhard Eisener, Raja's role in the affair was likely "exaggerated"; "more reasonable" was that Umar's succession was the result of "traditional patterns, like seniority and well-founded claims" stemming from Caliph Marwan I's original designation of Umar's father, Abd al-Aziz, as Abd al-Malik's successor, which had not materialized due to Abd al-Aziz predeceasing Abd al-Malik. Umar acceded without significant opposition on 22 September 717.

Reforms

The most significant reform of Umar II was effecting the equality of Arabs and mawali (non-Arab Muslims). This was mainly relevant to the non-Arab troops in the Muslim army, who had not been entitled to the same shares in spoils, lands and salaries given to Arab soldiers. The policy also applied to Muslim society at large. Under previous Umayyad rulers, Arab Muslims had certain financial privileges over non-Arab Muslims. Non-Arab converts to Islam were still expected to pay the jizya (poll tax) that they paid before becoming Muslims. Umar put into practice a new system that exempted all Muslims, regardless of their heritage, from the jizya tax. He also added some safeguards to the system to make sure that mass conversion to Islam would not cause the collapse of the finances of the Umayyad government. Under the new tax policy, converted mawali would not pay the jizya (or any other dhimmi tax), but upon conversion, their land would become the property of their villages and would thus remain liable to the full rate of the kharaj (land tax). This compensated for the loss of income due to the diminished jizya tax base.
He issued an edict on taxation stating:
Whosoever accepts Islam, whether Christian, Jew or Zoroastrian, of those now subject to taxes and who joins himself to the body of the Muslims in their abode, forsaking the abode in which he was before, he shall have the same rights and duties as they have, and they are obliged to associate with him and to treat him as one of themselves.

Possibly to stave off potential blowback from opponents of the equalization measures, Umar expanded the Islamization drive that had been steadily strengthening under his Marwanid predecessors. The drive included measures to distinguish Muslims from non-Muslims and the inauguration of an Islamic iconoclasm. He put a stop to the ritual cursing of Caliph Ali (), the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, in Friday prayer sermons. The ritual had begun under Ali's opponent and future founder of the Umayyad Caliphate Mu'awiya I during the First Muslim Civil War.

Umar II is credited with having ordered the first official collection of hadith (sayings and actions attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad), fearing that some of it might be lost. Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Hazm and Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri are among those who compiled hadiths at Umar II's behest.

Provincial administrations
Shortly after his accession, Umar overhauled the administrations of the provinces. He appointed competent men that he could control, indicating his intention "to keep a close eye on provincial administration". Wellhausen noted that the caliph did not leave the governors to their own devices in return for their forwarding of the provincial revenues; rather, he actively oversaw his governors' administrations and his main interest was "not so much the increase of power as the establishment of right".

He subdivided the vast governorship established over Iraq and the eastern Caliphate under Abd al-Malik's viceroy al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf. Sulayman's appointee to this super-province, Yazid ibn al-Muhallab, was dismissed and imprisoned by Umar for failing to forward the spoils from his earlier conquest of Tabaristan along the southern Caspian coast to the caliphal treasury. In place of Ibn al-Muhallab, he appointed Abd al-Hamid ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn al-Khattab, a member of Caliph Umar I's family, to Kufa, Adi ibn Artah al-Fazari to Basra, al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah al-Hakami to Khurasan and Amr ibn Muslim al-Bahili, a brother of the conqueror Qutayba ibn Muslim, to Sind. He appointed Umar ibn Hubayra al-Fazari to the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia). Although many of these appointees were pupils of al-Hajjaj or affiliated with the Qays faction, Umar chose them based on their reliability and integrity, rather than opposition to Sulayman's government.

Umar appointed al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani to al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula) and Isma'il ibn Abd Allah to Ifriqiya. He chose these governors because of their perceived neutrality in the tribal factionalism between the Qays and Yaman and justice toward the oppressed.

Military policy

After his accession in late 717, Umar ordered the withdrawal of the Muslim army led by his cousin Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik from their abortive siege against Constantinople to the regions of Antioch and Malatya, closer to the Syrian frontier. He commissioned an expedition in the summer of 718 to facilitate their withdrawal. Umar kept up the annual summer raids against the Byzantine frontier, out of the obligation to jihad. He remained in northern Syria, often residing at his estate in Khunasira, where he built a fortified headquarters.

At some point in 717, he dispatched a force under Ibn Hatim ibn al-Nu'man al-Bahili to Adharbayjan to disperse a group of Turks who had launched damaging raids against the province. In 718, he successively deployed Iraqi and Syrian troops to suppress the Kharijite rebellion of Shawdhab al-Yashkuri in Iraq, though some sources say the revolt was settled diplomatically.

Umar is often deemed a pacifist by the sources and Cobb attributes the caliph's war-weariness to concerns over the diminishing funds of the caliphal treasury. Wellhausen asserts that Umar was "disinclined to wars of conquest, well-knowing that they were waged, not for God, but for the sake of spoil". Blankinship considers this reasoning to be "insufficient". He proposed it was the massive losses faced by the Arabs in their abortive siege against Constantinople, including the destruction of their navy, that caused Umar to view his positions in al-Andalus, separated by the rest of the Caliphate by sea, and Cilicia as acutely vulnerable to Byzantine attack. Thus he favored withdrawing Muslim forces from these two regions. This same calculus led to him to consider withdrawing Muslim forces from Transoxiana so as to shore up the defenses of Syria. Shaban views Umar's efforts to curb offensives as linked to the resentment of the Yamani elements of the army, who Shaban views to have been politically dominant under Umar, at excessive deployments in the field.

Although he halted further eastward expansion, the establishment of Islam in a number of cities in Transoxiana, precluded Umar's withdrawal of Arab troops from there. During his reign, the Muslim forces in al-Andalus conquered and fortified the Mediterranean coastal city of Narbonne in modern-day France.

Religious policy
Following the example of the Prophet, Umar sent out emissaries to China and Tibet, inviting their rulers to accept Islam. According to Nazeer Ahmed, it was during the time of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz that Islam took roots and was accepted by a large segment of the population of Persia and Egypt. When the officials complained that because of conversions, the jizya revenues of the state had experienced a steep decline, Umar wrote back saying that he had accepted the Caliphate to invite people to Islam and not to become a tax collector. The infusion of non-Arabs in large number into the fold of Islam shifted the center of gravity of the empire from Medina and Damascus to Persia and Egypt.

Death
On his way back from Damascus to Aleppo or possibly to his Khunasira estate, Umar fell ill. He died between 5 February and 10 February 720, at the age of 37, in the village of Dayr Sim'an (also called Dayr al-Naqira) near Ma'arrat al-Nu'man. Umar had purchased a plot there with his own funds and was buried in the village, where the ruins of his tomb, built at an unknown date, are still visible. Umar II was succeeded by Yazid II.

On 26 May 2020, during the Syrian Civil War, Iran-backed militias reportedly raided Umar's mausoleum as shown in video footage published by pro-Syrian government pages on social media. Another video showed the grave opened and emptied. No information was available about where the remains buried inside were moved.

Assessment and legacy
The unanimous view in the Muslim traditional sources is that Umar was pious and ruled like a true Muslim in singular opposition to the other Umayyad caliphs, who were generally considered "godless usurpers, tyrants and playboys". The tradition recognized Umar as an authentic caliph, while the other Umayyads were viewed as kings. In the view of Hawting, this is partly based on the historical facts and Umar's character and actions. He holds that Umar "truly as all evidence indicates was a man of honour, dignity and a ruler worthy of every respect". As a result of this and his short term in office, it is difficult to assess the achievements of his caliphate and his motives. Indeed, Kennedy calls Umar "the most puzzling character among the Marwanid rulers". As Kennedy states "He was a pious individual who attempted to solve the problems of his day in a way which would reconcile the needs of his dynasty and state with the demands of Islam". In the assessment of H. A. R. Gibb, Umar acted to prevent the collapse of the caliphate by "maintaining the unity of the Arabs; removing the grievances of the mawālī; and reconciling political life with the claims of religion." The third Islamic century scholar and poet al-Taymi said:

In his al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, Ibn Arabi claimed that Mu'awiya II was a spiritual Pole (Ghawth) of his time and one of the few in history having such a spiritual degree combined with a temporal power, like the Rashidun caliphs and caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz.

Ancestry

See also

 Mujaddid

References

Bibliography

Tillier, Mathieu. (2014). Califes, émirs et cadis : le droit califal et l'articulation de l'autorité judiciaire à l'époque umayyade, Bulletin d'Études Orientales, 63 (2014), p. 147–190.

682 births
720 deaths
Arab Muslims
Year of birth uncertain
8th-century Umayyad caliphs
Mujaddid
8th-century monarchs in Asia
8th-century monarchs in Africa
8th-century monarchs in Europe
Umayyad governors of Medina
One Thousand and One Nights characters

Umar II


දි එයස් (), යනු ලී මින් හෝ, පාක් ශින් හ්යේ සහ කිම් වූ බින් ප්‍රධාන චරිත වලට පන පොවන දකුණු කොරියානු රූපවාහිනී කතා මාලාවකි. මෙය ද ඉන්හෙරිටර්ස් යන නමින්ද ජනප්‍රිය වී ඇත. කතාව රචනය කරන ලද්දේ කිම් ඉයුන් සුක් විසිනි. නාට්‍යයේ පාදම යෙදී ඇත්තේ වරලත් සහ ඉහල පැලැන්තියේ සිසුන්ගෙන් සමන්විත උසස් අධ්‍යාපන පාසලක් පාදක කරගෙනය. කතාංග 20කින් යුතු මෙම රූපවාහිනි කතා මාලාව එස් බී එස් ආයතනය විසින් 2013 ඔක්තෝබර් 09 සිට දෙසැම්බර් 12 දින දක්වා බදාදා සහ බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා දින වල ප්‍රචාරය කරන ලදි.

ඇමරිකන් ඩිජිටල් ඩිස්ට්‍රිබියුශන් ප්ලැට්ෆෝම් ඩ්‍රීම් ෆීවර් සහ කොරියානු නිශ්පාදන ආයතනයක් වන හ්වා ඇන්ඩ් ඩම් පික්චර්ස් සහ සම්බන්ධව කරන ලද පලමු කොරියානු නාට්‍ය ලෙස ද හේයස් කතා මාලාව ජනප්‍රිය වේ.

කථා වස්තුව
මෙම කතා මාලාවෙන් ධනවත්, වරප්‍රසාදලාභී, සහ ප්‍රභූ පැලැන්තියේ පවුල්වල දරුවන් තම උසස් අධයාපනය ලබා ඔවුන්ගේ පවුල් ව්‍යාපාර වල උරුමයට හිමිකම් කීමට අදාල පසුබිමක් ඉස්මතු කර පෙන්වයි. මෙම ධනවත් සිසුන් හට තම තමන්ට අවශ්‍ය සෑම දෙයක්ම ඕනෑ තරම් තිබුනද ආදරය නම් මාතෘකාවේදී ඔවුන්  තරමක පීඩා විදීමක් මෙයින් පෙන්නුම් කරයි. එයට ප්‍රධානම හේතුව ලෙස කතා මාලාවේ පෙන්නුම් කරන්නේ, මෙම පවුල් ආදරයට වඩා ව්‍යාපාර හා මුදල් වලට වැඩි අවධානයක් යොමු කිරීමයි. කිම් ටෑන් (ලී මින් හෝ) යනුද එවැනිම ධනවත් පවුලක අති විශාල හෝටල් සමූහයක අධිපතිවරයෙකුට හා ඔහුගේ අනියම් බිරිඳට දාව ඉපදෙන උරුමකරුවෙකි. ඔහුට තවත් වැඩිමහල් සොහොයුරෙකු සිටින අතර එම වැඩිමහල් සොහොයුරා ඔවුන්ගේ පියාගේ නීතිමය බිරිඳගේ දරුවා වීම හේතුවෙන් ඔවුන් දෙදෙනා අතර තරමක ආරවුලක් පවතී. මේ හේතුවෙන් කිම් ටෑන් එක්සත් ජනපදයට පිටත් කර හරින්නේ අධ්‍යයන කටයුතු සඳහාය. මේ අතරතුර කාලයේදී ඔහුගේ සොහොයුරා කිම් වොන් (චෝයි ජින් හ්යුක්) ඔවුන්ගේ පවුල් ව්‍යාපාරයේ බලය ඔහු අතට ගැනීමට උත්සාහ දරයි.එක්සත් රාජධානියේ සිටිනා අතරතුරදී කිම් ටෑන් හට අහම්බයකින් ඇමරිකාවේ සිටින තම සොහොයුරිය බැලීමට එන කොරියානු යුවතියක් චා ඉඋන් සන්ග් (පාක් ශින් හ්යේ) මුන ගැසේ. ඇමරිකාවේ නොදන්නා පරිසරයක අතරමන්බාවයකට පත් වන ඇයට කිම් ටෑන් විසින් උදව් කරනා අතර ඔහු තුල ඇය කෙරේ තරමක සෙනෙහසක් හට ගැනෙයි. නමුත් කිම් ටෑන් ඒ වන විටත් රේචල් යූ (කිම් ජී වොන්) නම් ධනවත් තරුණියකට පවුල් විසින් විවාහ යෝජනා ඉදිරිපත් කර තිබින. රේචල්ගේ අනාගත මස්සිනා සහ කිම් ටෑන්ගේ හිටපු හොඳම මිතුරා වූ චෝයි යන්ග් දූ (කිම් වූ බින්) (මොහුද කිම් ටෑන් හා ඉඋන් සන්ග් ඉගෙනුම ලබන පාසලටම ඇතුලත් වේ) ඉඋන් සන්ග් වෙත ආකර්ශනය වීමට පටන් ගනී. මෙම ධනවත් තරුණයන් ඉතා ඉක්මනින්ම ප්‍රශ්න රැසකට මුහුණ පාන්නේ මුදල් හා සත්‍ය ලෝකය නිසි පරිදි තේරුම් ගත් විටය. නමුත් මේ ගැටුම් අතරින් ආදරය යනු කුමක්දැයි ඔවුන් ඉගෙන ගැනීම මෙම කතා මාලාව තුලින් පසක් කරයි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

දි එයස්


Indawgyi () er en sø i Kachinstaten i Burma. Søen har et areal på 777 km². Der er over 20 landsbyer omkring søen. De fremherskende etniske grupper, der bor i søens omgivelser, er Shan og Kachin, som primært driver landbrug. Søen ligger 166 m.o.h., og er den vigtigste del af Indawgyi Lake Wildlife Sanctuary.

Et område på  1.337,15 km² blev i 2017 udpeget til biosfærereservat under UNESCOs Menneske og biosfære-programmet.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Burmas geografi

Indawgyi


مسلسل لبناني عرض في يناير 2009 من بطولة ريتا برصونا وبيتر سمعان
حقق نجاح كبير منذ وقت عرضه و حتى الآن يحكي قصة طبيبه اربعينيه تعيش صراع بين ماضيها و حاضرها من خلال قصة
حب قديمه و حبها الجديد ,, يعرض كل أحد على قناة المستقبل .

طاقم التمثيل
 ريتا برصونا في دور د.هلا
 بيتر سمعان في دور الصحفي غدي
 محمد إبراهيم في دور نديم
 عمر ميقاتي
 جيل يوسف
 ندى ريمي

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أعمال عن طبيبات
مسلسلات تلفزيونية لبنانية بدأ عرضها في 2009
مسلسلات تلفزيونية لبنانية في عقد 2000

دكتور هلا (مسلسل)


El Thames Association Football Club, más conocido como "Thames AFC" o simplemente "Thames", fue un club de fútbol inglés, del barrio de Newham en el condado de Gran Londres. Jugó dos temporadas en la división del sur del Football League One, de 1930 hasta 1932.

Historia
En 1928 el estadio West Ham abrió, ante más de 100.000 espectadores, que fueron a las carreras de perros. Debido a que no había carreras los fines de semanas se pudo funda el club de fútbol. Fue elegido para disputar la liga en lugar del Merthyr Town Football Club. No fue seguido por muchos aficionados debido a la gran afición que había con otros equipos del este de Londres: West Ham United, Charlton Athletic, Leyton Orient y Millwall FC. Al partido que les enfrentó al Luton Town el 6 de diciembre de 1930 solo acudieron 469 personas. Terminaron en el último lugar en su segunda temporada y dejó la liga. El club llevó camisetas a cuadros rojos y azules, pantalones blancos y medias negras.

Referencias

Equipos de fútbol fundados en 1928
Equipos de fútbol desaparecidos de Inglaterra
Equipos de fútbol desaparecidos en 1932
Equipos de fútbol de Londres

Thames Association Football Club


La escritura libre, también llamada flujo de escritura consciente, es una técnica de pre-escritura en la cual la persona escribe en forma ininterrumpida durante un período de tiempo sin prestar atención a la ortografía, gramática o tema. El material que resulta a veces es inutilizable y bruto pero esta técnica puede ayudar a los escritores a superar la apatía y la autocrítica. Esta técnica es utilizada, principalmente por escritores de prosa y maestros de escritura. Algunos escritores usan esta técnica para recolectar ideas y pensamientos sobre un tema, con frecuencia en preparación para un proceso de escritura formal. La escritura libre no es lo mismo que escritura automática.

A diferencia de la tormenta de ideas (donde las ideas son simplemente colocadas en una lista), en la escritura libre, se escriben oraciones en forma de párrafos acerca del tema que venga a la mente.

Historia

Peter Elbow discute sobre la escritura libre en su libro Writing without teachers (Escribiendo sin maestros, 1975) y la técnica fue popularizada por Julia Cameron mediante su libro The Artist's Way (El camino del artista, 1992).

Natalie Goldberg combinó la noción de escritura libre con los principios de meditación budista zen para desarrollar una modalidad de escritura denominada "práctica", descripta en su libro Writing Down the Bones (1986). Esta modalidad "práctica" de escritura es diferente de la escritura libre, ya que la primera es usada en pregrado y programas de escritura creativa. La "práctica" anima al escritor a tener en cuenta sus pensamientos durante el proceso de escritura, que puede ser el fin de sí misma. Por lo que el método consigue por lo general obtener un escrito más pulido.

Técnica

La escritura libre involucra la escritura continua, usualmente por un período determinado (a menudo cinco, diez o quince minutos). El escritor escribe sin preocuparse por la ortografía, la gramática, etc., y no hace correcciones. Si el escritor alcanza el punto en el que no puede pensar en nada más sobre lo que escribir, tendrá que escribir que no puede escribir nada más, y mientras tanto, buscar el siguiente pensamiento, el escritor se aparta libremente del tema, dejándose llevar por sus pensamientos. A veces, el escritor también puede escribir, libremente, pero enfocado en un tema que haya surgido en sus pensamientos. Expandiendo el tema, los pensamientos deben divagar para crear conexiones abstractas del tema. Esta técnica ayuda al escritor a explorar un tema en particular antes de ponerlas en un contexto más básico.

La escritura libre debe ser base de la rutina diaria de un escritor. También, los estudiantes de algún curso de escritura, deberían ser asignados al ejercicio de escritura libre diaria.

Definición

La escritura libre se basa en la premisa de que todos tienen algo que decir y la habilidad para decirlo, pero la mente puede bloquearse por  apatía, autocrítica, resentimiento, ansiedad debida a los plazos, miedo al fracaso o censura u otras formas de resistencia. Las reglas aceptadas que permiten la libre escritura permiten al escritor, obtener el impulso suficiente para el flujo desinhibido, el concepto fue esbozado por maestros de escritura tales como Louise Dunlap, Peter Elbow y Natalie Goldberg.

La escritura libre permite el flujo libre del proceso de pensamiento, no se trata de un producto o desempeño de un estudiante o de un escritor.

Uso en la educación

Con frecuencia, los talleres de escritura libre se enfocan en la libre expresión, además la técnica de escritura libre es usada en la enseñanza para la educación primaria. No existe información disponible sobre resultados de censos realizados para investigar la aceptación de esta técnica.

Reglas

Este es un listado de las reglas esenciales de la escritura libre, que con frecuencia se explican a principiantes o estudiantes en talleres de escritura. Estas reglas son consistentes con las indicadas en Rules for free writing de Natalie Goldberg, también identificadas como las primeras cuatro reglas de la escritura de Natalie Goldberg:

 Otórguese un tiempo límite. Escriba por uno o diez o veinte minutos y pare.
 Manténgase escribiendo durante el tiempo que tiene por meta. No interrumpa el ejercicio para ver que ha escrito o tomar un respiro. Escriba rápidamente pero no de prisa.
 No ponga atención a la gramática, ortografía, puntuación, limpieza o estilo. Nadie más necesita leer lo que usted escribe. La exactitud o calidad de lo que escribe no importa, es importante el solo acto de escribir.
 Si pierde el tema o las ideas se van, manténgase escribiendo. Si es necesario, escriba algo sin sentido o cualquier cosa que le venga a la mente, o simplemente garabatee: cualquier cosa para mantener su mano en movimiento.
 Si se siente aburrido o incómodo de lo que está escribiendo, pregúntese a sí mismo cuáles son las causas y escríbalo.
 Cuando el tiempo termine, revise lo que ha escrito y marque los pasajes que considere que contienen ideas importantes para poder mantenerlos y ampliarlos en una sesión posterior.

Véase también

 Blogging Libre
 Escritura Asemic
 Natalie Goldberg

Lectura adicional

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 nataliegoldberg.com
 Writing Down the Bones by Natalie Goldberg, An On Writing Reader's Treasury Review by Bobby Matherne

Técnica literaria
Sistemas de escritura

Escritura libre


J1s (født 3. september 1994) er en dansk rapper/sanger, skuespiller. Han blev opdaget af produceren PhilTheRealDeal i 2012, som hørte hans talent under en underground-optræden i Knords kantine "Siesta".

Blev for alvor populær med udgivelsen af sit første album "Hitz 4 da Kidz", der indeholdte klassikere så som "Ik spil dum", "En smøg og såen" og "Mefisto".

J1s har ikke udgivet ny musik siden debut albumet, men udtalte i et større interview med Pitchfork Media, at hans anden udgivelse ville ramme pladebutikkerne i foråret 2019.

Rappere fra Danmark

J1s


Tarık Dursun K. (veya tam adıyla Tarık Dursun Kakınç; kısaca Tarık Dursun olarak da anılmaktadır.) (d. 26 Mayıs 1931 - ö. 11 Ağustos 2015), Türk yazar ve yayıncı.

Hayatı
26 Mayıs 1931'de İzmir'de doğdu. İlkokulu İzmir ve Ankara'da okudu. Ortaokulu 1950 yılında dışarıdan sınavlara girerek bitirdi. Bir süre gazete dağıtıcılığı, seyyar köftecilik, otobüs  biletçiliği, muhasebe yardımcılığı ve memurluk gibi işlerde çalıştı. Yazım hayatına 1949'da İzmir'de Anadolu gazetesinde yayımlanan sinema eleştirileriyle başladı. Sonra sırasıyla Yeni Gün, Ankara Ulus, Yeni İstanbul ve Vatan gazetelerinde gündelik yazılar yazdı. Pazar Postası ve Akis dergilerinde sinema eleştirileri yazdı. Eleştirmen Ali Gevgilili ile birlikte aylık Yeni Sinema dergisini çıkarttı. 1962 yılında ''Aramıza Kan Girdi'' adlı film ile yönetmenliğe başladı. ''Korkusuz Kabadayı'',''Cehennem Arkadaşları'' ve ''Kelebekler Çift Uçar'' filmlerinin yönetmenliğini üstlendi. Film sektöründe senarist ve reji asistanı olarak da çalıştı.1969 yılında Kurul Kitabevi'ni açtı, Milliyet gazetesinde kitap tanıtma yazıları yazdı, Milliyet Yayınları'nı yönetti. 1973 yılında Günümüzde Kitaplar adlı bir dergi çıkardı, 1975 yılında Koza Yayınları'nın kurucuları arasında yer aldı.

Romanlarından biri olan İnsan Kurdu, Kara Gün adıyla Bilge Olgaç tarafından sinemaya aktarıldı. 1985 yılında Kurşun Ata Ata Biter romanı da Ümit Elçi yönetmenliğiyle seyircilerle buluştu. Bağrı Yanık Ömer ile Güzel Zeynep, Denizin Kanı ve Alçaktan Uçan Güvercin gibi pek çok eseri televizyon dizisi olarak uyarlandı. 1969 yılında Kurul Kitabevi'ni açmış, Milliyet gazetesinde kitap tanıtma yazıları yazmış, Milliyet Yayınları'nı yönetmiştir. 1973 yılında Günümüzde Kitaplar adlı bir dergi çıkarmış, 1975 yılında Koza Yayınları'nın kurucuları arasında yer almıştır.

Sanata 1949 yılında şiirle başlamış, 1951 yılında Cengiz Tuncer ile Devrialem isimli ortak bir şiir kitabı yayımlamıştır. Daha sonra hikâye yazarlığına başlamıştır. Kardeşi Faruk Kakınç'la beraber girdiği bir yarışmada soyadlarının karışması neticesinde soyadını K. olarak değiştirmiştir. İzmir, Foça ve Karşıyaka'da yaşayan, yazın ve sanat dünyasının çok yönlü ismi Tarık Dursun, 11 Ağustos 2015 saat 16.00′da akciğer yetmezliği sebebiyle hayata gözlerini yumdu. Cenazesi Çiğli Mezarlığına defnedilmiştir.

Eserleri

Hikâye
Yazarın bütün hikâyeleri 2009 yılında Yapı Kredi Yayınları tarafından toplu olarak yayımlanmıştır. 1976 yılına kadar yazdıkları  (Bahriyeli Çocuk dahil) Karanfilli Hikaye, Toplu Öyküler 1 cildinde, 2006 yılına kadar yazdığı hikâyeler (Hepsi Hikâye dahil) Gönlümün Bir Parçası, Toplu Öyküler 2 cildinde toplanmıştır. Ayrıca yazarın kendi öykülerinden hazırladığı bir seçki 2004'te  Dünya Yayıncılık tarafından Sümbülteber başlığıyla yayımlanmıştır. 1992 yılında Gendaş Yayınları için gençler düşünülerek hazırlanan derlemenin başlığıysa Hikâyeler'''dir.
 Atmacanın Oğlu - Aydınlık Basımevi(1945)
 Hasangiller - Seçilmiş Hikâyeler Dergisi Yay.(1955)
 Vezir Düşü - Yeditepe Yay.(1957)
 Rızabey Aile Evi - Varlık Yay.(1957)
 Güzel Avrat Otu - Düşün Yay.(1960)
 Sevmek Diye Bir Şey - Kurul Yay.(1965)
 Yabanın Adamları - Kurul Yay.(1966)
 36 Kısım Tekmili Birden - Ok Yay.(1970)
 Bağrıyanık Ömer ile Güzel Zeynep - Sinan Yay.(1972)
 Bahriyeli Çocuk - Koza Yay.(1976)
 İmbatla Dol Kalbim - Adam Yay.(1982)
 Ona Sevdiğimi Söyle - Bilgi Yay.(1984)
 Ömrüm, Ömrüm... - Bilgi Yay.(1987)
 Aşk, Allahaısmarladık - Bilgi Yay.(1987)
 Yaz Öpüşleri - Bilgi Yay.(1996)
 Dulevi - Bulut Yay.(2003)
 Sümbülteber - Dünya Kitapları Yay.(2004)
 Hepsi Hikâye - Aykırı Yay.(2006)

 Roman
 Rızabey Aile-evi (1957)
 İnsan Kurdu (1959)
 Sabah Olmasın (1967)
 Denizin Kanı (1968; televizyona uyarlanıp dizi olarak yayınlandı, 1980)
 Kopuk Takımı (1969)
 Gün Döndü (1974)
 Hoşça Kal Küçük (1979) (çocuk romanı)
 Kayabaşı Uygarlığının Yükselişi ve Birdenbire Çöküşü (1980)
 Alçaktan Uçan Güvercin (1980; televizyona uyarlanıp dizi olarak yayınlandı)
 Kurşun Ata Ata Biter (1983)
 İnsan Kurdu (1983; ikinci versiyon)
 İyi Geceler Dünya (1986)
 Bağışla Onları (1989)
 Ağaçlar Gibi Ayakta (1990)
 Bizimkisi Zor Zanaat (1990)
 Alo, Harika Hanım Nasılsınız? (1999)
 Kutup (2003)
 Sessiz Çığlık (2012)
 Son Yol - 68'lerin Gözyaşları (2012)

 Çocuk Edebiyatı
 Deve Tellal, Pire Berber İken... (1970)
 İyilikçi Tilki (1970)
 La Fonten Masalları (1973) (Derleme)
 Bir Küçücük Aslancık Varmış (1971)
 Ezop Masalları (1966) (Derleme)
 Yaramaz Kuzu (1994)
 Hoşça Kal Küçük (1995)
 Otobüsüm Kalkıyor!.. (1996)
 Kerem'i Kimse İstemiyor (1997)
 Güzel Uykular Alara: Çocuklara Her Gece Bir Masal (2001) (Derleme)
 Benim Dedem Bir Tane (2003)
 Bir Varmış Bir Yokmuş Memleketin Birinde... (2007)
 Az Gittik, Uz Gittik, Dere Tepe Düz Gittik (2008)
 Kırmızı Otobüs (2011)
 Tekerlemeler
 Bilmeceler
 Pıtır'ın Masalları: Pıtır'ın Masalı
 Pıtır'ın Masalları: Keloğlan
 Pıtır'ın Masalları: Yalancı Tilki ile Doğrucu Nalbant
 Pıtır'ın Masalları: İyilikçi Şehzade ile İyilikçi Balıkçı
 Pıtır'ın Masalları: Küpteki Çil Çil Altınlar
 Pıtır'ın Masalları: Kurnaz Tilki ile Tilkiden Daha Kurnaz Tavşan
 Pıtır'ın Masalları: Hapşırıklı Minik Cin
 Pıtır'ın Masalları: Denizler Sultanı
 Pıtır'ın Masalları: Gökten Yıldız Düşüren Zürafa
 Pıtır'ın Masalları: Aynalar Gerçekçidir
 Pıtır'ın Masalları: Ateşler Sultanı ile Sular Şehzadesi
 Pıtır'ın Masalları: İyilik Eden İyilik Bulur

 Şiir
 Devriâlem (1951) (Cengiz Tuncer ile birlikte)

 Antoloji
 Büyük Türk Şiiri Antolojisi (1961) (Ümit Yaşar Oğuzcan'la birlikte 6 cilt olarak hazırlanmıştır)
 Şiirimizde Aşk ve Kadın
 Şiirimizde Ölüm
 Şiirimizde İstabul
 Şiirimizde Ayrılık
 Şiirimizde Taşlama
 Şiirimizde Tabiat

 Düzyazı
 Ünlü Sinema Rejisörleri (1963)
 Edebiyat Üstüne Narin (1993)
 Ben Unutmadan (1994) (Anı)
 Gavur İzmir Güzel İzmir (1994)
 Geçti Akşam Suları, Ben Unutmadan 2 (1997) (Anı)
 Göl Hafif Çalkantılı Olacak (1997) (Deneme)
 Gönderdiğin Mektubu Aldım (1999) (Mektuplar)
 Kitaplara Giden Tren (2001)
 O Şehir Senin Bu Şehir Benim, Turne Anıları (2002) (Anı, Söyleşi)
 Dünya Düzdür (2003)
 Atım Kaçtı Ben Vuruldum (2004) (Deneme)
 Amma da Accayip Dünya (2005)
 Bir Gün Bir Issız Adaya Düşerseniz (2005)
 Kokulu Kentler (2007) (Gezi)
 Kaş Kaş Üstüne Taş Taş Üstüne (2008)

 Senaryo
 Aşkın Dünü, Bugünü, Yarını (1966) (yazarın "Sevmek Diye Bir Şey" adlı hikâyesinden uyarlanmıştır)

 Çeviri
 Film ve Rejisör (1961) Yazar: Don Livingston
 Bir Damla Kan, Bir Damla Petrol (1965) (Derleme) Yazarlar: Antoine Zischka, Jouri Semyonow, Victor Perlo, Sam Aaronovitch, Floraence Elliot, M. Summerkill, Thomas G. Buchanan
 Altın Çağ (1967) Yazar: William Saroyan
 Raşomon (1915) Yazar: Ryunosuke Akutagava

 Aldığı Ödüller
1961 Türk Dil Kurumu Hikâye Ödülü (Güzel Avrat Otu)
1967 Sait Faik Hikâye Armağanı (Yabanın Adamları)
1984 Orhan Kemal Roman Armağanı (Kurşun Ata Ata Biter)
1985 Sait Faik Hikâye Armağanı (Ona Sevdiğimi Söyle)
1987 Edebiyat alanı Öykü dalında Türkiye İş Bankası Büyük Ödülü (Ömrüm, Ömrüm...)
1991 Yunus Nadi Roman Armağanı (Ağaçlar Gibi Ayakta)
2006 Sedat Simavi Edebiyat Ödülü (Hepsi Hikâye'')
 2014: Altın Portakal Film Festivali - Yaşam Boyu Onur Ödülü

Kaynakça

1931 doğumlular
2015 yılında ölenler
İzmir doğumlular
İzmir'de ölenler
İzmir'de defnedilenler
Akciğer hastalıklarından ölenler
Türk çocuk kitabı yazarları
Sait Faik Hikâye Armağanı sahipleri
Orhan Kemal Roman Armağanlı yazarlar
Yunus Nadi Ödülü sahipleri
Sedat Simavi Ödülü sahipleri
Burhan Felek Basın Hizmet Ödülü sahipleri
Türkiye Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Başarı Ödülü sahipleri

Tarık Dursun K.


කොඩ්කොප්ටර ලෙස හැදින්වෙන්නේ බහු බ්‍රමක හෙලිකොප්ටර වර්ගයකි. එය එසවීම හා පියාසර කිරීම බ්‍රමක සතරක් මගින් සිදු කරයි. කොඩ්කොප්ටරය බහු බ්‍රමක ගණයට අයත් වන අතර එසවීම බ්‍රමක සතරක්(සිරස් ලෙස පිහිටි අවරපත්) මගින් සිදුවන නිසා අචල පියාපත් ගුවන්යානා ගණයට විරුද්ධ වේ.

කොඩ්කොප්ටර සාමාන්‍යයෙන් ස්ථාවරව එකම මට්ටමේ පිහිටි අවරපෙති යුගල් දෙකක් භාවිත කරන අතර එක් යුගලක් දක්ෂිණාවර්ත ද අනෙක වාමාවර්ත ද වේ. මෙහි එකිනෙකට ස්වාත්තව බ්‍රමක වන වේග පාලනය කිරීම මගින් කොඩ්කොප්ටරය හැසිරවීම සිදු කල හැකිය. සෑම බ්‍රමකයකම වේගය වෙනස් කිරීම මගින් නිපදවෙන අභිමත මුළු තෙරපුම තෙරපුම් කේන්ද්‍රය වෙත අන්වායාම හා පාර්ශ්වික යන දෙයාකාරයෙන්ම පිහිටුවීම මගින් අභිමත සම්පූර්ණ ව්‍යාවර්ථය හා කැරකැවීමේ බලය ඇතිකරයි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

ක්වාඩ්කොප්ටර්


PSNI may refer to:

Police Service of Northern Ireland
PSNI F.C., a football club associated with the Police Service
PSNI GAA, a Gaelic games club associated with the Police Service
Pharmaceutical Society of Northern Ireland

PSNI (disambiguation)


Un tocado Gable, también llamado tocado inglés o triangular, es un tocado femenino que se usó durante la primera mitad del siglo XVI en Inglaterra. Recibe este nombre porque su forma se asemeja al tejado a dos aguas de una casa (tejado en inglés se dice gable). En sus orígenes, comenzó a ser llevado por la reina Isabel de York, mujer de Enrique VII, así como por lady Margarita Beaufort, suegra de la reina, de ahí la denominación posterior de "tocado Tudor".

Evolución

En un principio era un tocado muy sencillo, cuya característica distintiva era la forma de tejado, una cofia sencilla en punta con paneles laterales decorados, las orejeras, y un velo en la parte posterior. Las orejeras caían libremente sobre los hombros. Con el tiempo se convirtió en algo mucho más complejo: las orejeras se doblaban hacia la mitad, llegando el tocado a la mitad del cuello en vez de hasta los hombros; en la parte de atrás se colocaban dos velos en forma de tubo (generalmente negros), que colgaban formando un ángulo de noventa grados.

Las reinas y damas de la corte Tudor adornaban sus cofias con hileras de perlas, piedras preciosas y alfileres ricamente enjoyados, pero, a juzgar por los retratos, se permitía una gran variedad a la hora de llevar el tocado Tudor.

Las reinas Tudor y el tocado Gable
Este tocado siempre ha estado estrechamente relacionado con las reinas de la Casa de Tudor, así como con las damas de compañía que estaban a su servicio. Los retratos de lady Margarita Beaufort e Isabel de York dan fe de ello.

Enrique VIII se casó en 1509 con Catalina de Aragón. Pese a su procedencia española, Catalina se acostumbró a llevar la cofia Gable, aunque de una manera mucho más moderna y favorecedora que aquella en que la llevaban la madre y la abuela de su esposo. La nueva reina llevaba las orejeras dobladas a la altura de la barbilla y la cofia ricamente decorada, al igual que sus damas. En cuanto a los velos, los retratos muestran cómo algunas mujeres los dejaban caer al natural mientras que otras se los recogían, dándole al tocado un aspecto de capucha puntiaguda, como se ve en dos retratos que se supone representan a Ana Bolena, segunda esposa de Enrique VIII, o en el retrato de la reina Juana Seymour, tercera esposa de Enrique VIII.

A partir de 1520, la moda francesa fue imponiéndose poco a poco en Inglaterra, y las damas de la corte empezaron a llevar más el tocado francés, más sencillo y algo menos incómodo que el tradicional Gable. Se cree que la principal introductora del tocado francés y la moda de Francia fue Ana Bolena, quien llegó de Francia para servir a Catalina de Aragón y acabó convirtiéndose en la segunda reina consorte de Enrique VIII. Sin embargo, si tenemos en cuenta algunos supuestos retratos de Ana realizados después de su decapitación en 1536, se puede concluir que ella también llevó el tocado inglés, aunque menos.

Parece que ni Ana de Cléveris ni Catalina Howard (cuarta y quinta esposas de Enrique VIII, respectivamente) decidieron llevar estos tocados, puesto que no han sido retratadas con ellos. La reina Catalina Parr, sexta esposa de Enrique VIII, también llevó este tipo de tocado a juzgar por un retrato de ella antes de casarse con el rey.

Entre 1520 y 1530, surgió otro tipo de tocado denominado intermedio entre el inglés y el francés. Se parecía al Gable, con la diferencia de que no acababa en punta y dejaba parte del cabello de la mujer al descubierto. En lugar de dos velos en la parte de atrás, solamente llevaba uno. Este tocado se aprecia en el retrato de la familia de Tomás Moro que realizó Hans Holbein el Joven. Dos damas de esta casa, Anne Cressacre y Cecily Heron, llevan el tocado intermedio.

Galería

Referencias

Gable

Tocado Gable


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An Agrotrigia urunchaica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Kotukhov. An Agrotrigia urunchaica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Agrotrigia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Agrotrigia

Agrotrigia urunchaica


La Vierge ist ein Berg im Mont Blanc-Massiv. Der Gipfel mit einer Höhe von 3244 Metern liegt auf französischem Staatsgebiet. Der Name bedeutet auf Deutsch "Die Jungfrau".

Der Gipfel ist Teil eines kleinen, nach Norden gerichteten Ausläufers des Alpenhauptkamms östlich des Mont Blanc. Die Felsnadel ragt aus dem Gletschergebiet Glacier du Géant auf. Die Entfernung zur südlich verlaufenden französisch-italienischen Grenze beträgt etwa einen Kilometer.

Die Erstbesteigung des Berggipfels erfolgte durch die Engländerin Elizabeth Burnaby am 5. Juli 1883.

Literatur
 Daniel Anker: Die Erste sein – Elizabeth Main schreibt Alpinismusgeschichte. In: Markus Britschgi, Doris Fässler (Hrsg.): Elizabeth Main (1861–1934) Alpinistin, Fotografin, Schriftstellerin. Eine englische Lady entdeckt die Engadiner Alpen. Diopter, Luzern 2003. ISBN 3-905425-12-2; S. 41–48, hier S. 42.

Weblinks

Berg in den Alpen
Geographie (Chamonix-Mont-Blanc)

La Vierge