قاعدة البيانات انجرس  هي نظام إدارة قواعد البيانات العلائقية مفتوح المصدر ومدعومة تجاريا.
ظهرت انجرس أول مرة كمشروع بحثي في جامعة كاليفورنيا في بيركلي بدأ في منتصف السبعينيات وانتهى في منتصف الثمانينيات. المصدر الأصلي - وكما هي عادة المشاريع في بركيلي - كان متوفرا بأقل تكلفة تحت نسخة من ترخيص BSD

ومنذ منتصف 1980، كانت انجرس أساسا لعدد من تطبيقات قواعد البيانات التجارية، وتشمل Sybase، وMicrosoft SQL Server وNonStop SQL، وقواعد أخرى. ومشروع Postgres - PostIngres- بدأ في منتصف الثمانينيات ولاحقا تطور لقاعدة البيانات PostgreSQL.

تاريخ انجرس

في عام 1973 بدأ مشروع System R وهو عبارة عن قاعدة بيانات في شركة IBM، وأصدر فريق البحث سلسلة من الأوراق تصف النظام الذي يعكفون على تصميمه، مما جذب اهتمام باحثين من جامعة بركيلي وهما مايكل ستونبراكر وإوجني وانج للفكرة، وقررا البدء بمشروع قواعد البيانات العلائقية خاصة بهم.

وقد كانوا حصلوا على تمويل لنظام قاعدة بيانات الجغرافية لجماعة بركيلي الاقتصادية، وأطلقوا عليها Ingres وهي الحروف الأولى من بداية الكلمات التالية INteractive Graphics REtrieval System والتي تعني «نظام استرداد الرسومي المتفاعل». وقد فكر الباحثان باستخدام هذا التمويل لمشروعهما الجديد بدلا عن المشروع السابق، واستخدماه كبذرة للمشروع الجديد والأضخم. وللحصول على مزيد من التمويل طرح ستونبراكر الفكرة على «داربا» (وكالة مشاريع أبحاث الدفاع المتقدمة DARPA) وهي أشهر مصدر لتمويل بحوث الحوسبة والتطوير في ذلك الوقت، ولكن كل من داربا ومكتب البحوث البحرية ONR لم يستطيعا مساعدتهما لأنها يمولوا بالفعل بحوث في قواعد البيانات في مكان آخر. بعد ذلك طرح ستونبراكر فكرته على الوكالات الأخرى، وبمساعدة من زملائه حصل في النهاية على دعم متواضع من مؤسسة العلم القومية وثلاث وكالات عسكرية: مكتب سلاح الجو للبحوث العلمية، ومكتب أبحاث الجيش وقيادة نظم الإلكترونية التابع للبحرية.

وبهذا التمويل، طورت انجرس خلال منتصف السبعينيات بفريق متناوب من الطلاب والموظفين. مرت انجرس بمرحلة تطور مماثلة لنظام R، بداية من النموذج الأولي في 1974 تلتها تنقيحات رئيسية لجعلها قابلة للصيانة. وبعد ذلك وزعت انجرس إلى مجتمع صغير من المستخدمين، وقد أعاد أعضاء المشروع كتابة النموذج الأولي مرارا للتكامل مع الخبرة المتراكمة وردود فعل المستخدمين والأفكار الجديدة. بقيت انجرس تشبه إلى حد بعيد فكرة نظام R من شركة IBM ولكنها مبنية على أنظمة «منخفضة النهاية»، المسماة يونكس التي تعمل على أجهزة شركة المعدات الرقمية.

التسويق

وخلافا لنظام R، فإن مصدر انجرس كان متوفرا على أشرطة برسوم متواضعة. وبحلول 1980، وزعت أكثر من 1000 نسخة على الجامعات بشكل رئيسي. وقام العديد من طلاب جامعة بركيلي وجامعات أخرى (التي تعمل فيها انجرس) باستخدام مصدر انجرس في العديد من أنظمة تطبيقات قواعد البيانات التجارية.
انتقل جيري هيلد أحد طلاب بركيلي ولاحقا كاريل يوسفي إلى Tandem Computers حيث طوروا نظام تطور لاحقا إلى NonStop SQL. كان نظام قاعدة بيانات Tandem إعادة استخدام تكنولوجيا انجرس. وقد طورالنظام ليعمل بشكل فعال على الحواسيب المتوازية، والتي تحوي على وظائف للبيانات الموزعة والتنفيذ الموزع، والمعاملات الموزعة (الأخيرة من الصعوبة بمكان). مكونات النظام أطلقت أول مرة في أواخر السبعينيات. وبحلول 1989 استطاع النظام تشغيل الاستعلامات بشكل متوازي، وإلى حدٍ ما أصبح المنتج الشهير لكونه أحد الأنظمة القليلة التي تتمدد بشكل خطي بحسب عدد المعالجات في الآلة: فإضافة وحدة معالجة ثانية إلى خادم NonStop SQL الموجود سيضاعف أداءه مرتين بشكل عام. قامت شركة Compaq بشراء Tandem لاحقا، وبدأت بإعادة كتابة النظام في 2000، والآن هو منتج في شركة HP.

شكل روبرت إبتشاين Britton-Lee - المبرمج الرئيسي على المشروع بينما كان في بيركلي -جنبا إلى جنب مع الطلاب الآخرين في مشروع انجرس، بولا هاوثورن ومايك أوبل، وإنضم إليهم لاحقا إريك ألمن. ولاحقا، كونوا نظام Sybase. لقد كان Sybase ثاني منتج (بعد أوراكل المبنية على System R) لبعض الوقت من الثمانينات إلى التسعينيات، قبل أن تأتي Informix وتستولي عليه في 1997. وتم ترخيص منتج Sybase أيضا إلى مايكروسوفت في 1992، والتي بدورها سوقت لها باسم Microsoft SQL Server. هذه العلاقة توترت في أواخر التسعينات، واليوم تجاوزت مبيعات سكول سيرفر سيبيز بهامش كبير.
العديد من الشركات استخدمت مصدر انجرس لإنتاج منتجاتها. وكان أنجح هذه الشركات شركة تسمى Relational Technology والتي يرمز إليها RTI، أسست في 1980 بواسطة ستونبراكر ووانج ولورانس أ.راو وهو أستاذ آخر في بيركلي. أعيد تسمية RTI إلى شركة انجرس في أواخر الثمانينات. قامت الشركة بتحويل شفرة انجرس إلى DEC VMS والذي كان نظام تشغيلي تجاري لأجهزة VAX إنتاج شركة المعدات الرقمية، وقامت أيضا بتطوير مجموعة من الأدوات النهائية لإنشاء ومعالجة القواعد البيانات، وأدوات تطوير التطبيقات. وبمرور الوقت الكثير من مصدر انجرس أعيد كتابته لإضافة وظائف جديدة (مثل تعدد المعاملات ولغة SQL ونوع البيانات الوقت والتاريخ إلخ) وتحسين الأداء (مثل الاستعلامات المترجمة وخادم متعدد المسالك إلخ). في نوفمبر 1990، قامت شركة ASK بشرائها. وغادر المؤسسون الشركة في الأشهر التالية. في 1994، قامت شركة Computer Associates بشراء ASK/ Ingres، واستمرت في توفير انجرس تحت عدة علامات تجارية (على سبيل المثال OpenIngres - IngresII - advantage Ingres).

وفي عام 2004 أطلقت Computer Associates انجرس r3 تحت رخصة مفتوحة المصدر. الشفرة احتوت على خادم DBMS وأدوات خدمية وأدوات تطوير التطبيقات. وفي الجوهر، كل شي ما عدا OpenROAD والتي هي بيئة التطوير الرسومية لـ 4GL.
في نوفمبر 2005، في شراكة برأس المال من Garnett & Helfrich وشركة Computer Associates، أنشأت شركة جديدة أطلق عليها شركة انجرس، والتي تزود الدعم والخدمات لقاعدة البيانات انجرس وOpenROAD والمنتجات الرابطة.
في فبراير 2006، أطلقت شركة انجرس قاعدة البيانات انجرس 2006 تحت رخصة جنو العمومية.

بوستجرس

بدأ مشروع بوستجرس لمعالجة أوجه القصور القائمة في إعدادات إدارة قواعد البيانات للنموذج العلائقي. الشيء الرئيسي كان العجر عن السماح للمستخدم بتعريف مجالات جديدة (أو أنواع) والتي تتألف مع المجالات المتشابهة (راجع النموذج العلائقي لشرح مفردة «مجال»). سبر المشروع أفكار أخرى مثل إدراج الكتابة مرة واحدة على الوسائط (مثل الأقراص الضوئية) واستخدام وحدات تخزين ضخمة والتواصل ونموذح كائني المنحى. والاعدادات أيضا أجرت تجارب مع واجهات جديدة بين قاعدة البيانات وبرامج التطبيقات.
نتيجة المشروع أطلق عليها بوستجرس، وهدفت إلى تقديم العدد الأقل من المميزات الضرورية لإضافة دعم الأنواع الكاملة. وتشمل على القدرة على تعريف الأنواع، ولكن أيضا القدرة على وصف لكامل العلاقات التي حتى هذا الوقت تستخدم على نطاق واسع ولكنها تصان بشكل كامل بواسطة المستخدم. في بوستجرس قاعدة البيانات «تفهم» العلاقات وتستطيع استرجاع المعلومات ذات الصلة في الجدوال بطريقة طبيعية باستخدام القواعد.

في التسعينات بدأ ستونبراكر شركة جديدة لتسويق بوستجرس، تحت مسمى Illustra. ولكن الشركة والتكنولوجيا اشترتها Informix لاحقا.

المصادر

 شركة انجرس
 مقالة تعريفية حول قاعدة البيانات انجرس

برمجيات متعددة المنصات
نظم إدارة قواعد البيانات العلائقية
نظم إدارة قواعد بيانات مفتوحة المصدر

إنجرس


Stefan Čavor (Kotor, Crna Gora, 3. studenog 1994.) je crnogorski rukometaš i nacionalni reprezentativac koji igra na poziciji desnog vanjskog.

Karijera
Čavor je svoju rukometnu karijeru započeo u Budvanskoj rivijeri nakon čega ju nastavlja u španjolskom Ciudad Realu. Sezonu 2013./14. proveo je u dresu slovenskog Celja te je dvije godine branio boje Csurgóija. Ondje se istaknuo kao najbolji strijelac mađarske lige. Tijekom listopada 2016. dolazi u redove njemačkog bundesligaša HSG Wetzlara čiji je član i danas član. Tamo je doveden kao zamjena za ozlijeđenog Joãoa Ferraza te se pridružio sunarodnjaku Vladanu Lipovini.

Na reprezentativnoj razini, Čavor je za Crnu Goru igrao na Europskim prvenstvima 2016., 2018. i 2020. godine.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Profil rukometaša na službenim web stranicama EHF-a

Crnogorski rukometaši

Stefan Čavor


Die Primera División 2012/13 (offiziell Liga BBVA) war die 82. Spielzeit der höchsten spanischen Fußballliga. Sie startete am 18. August 2012 und endete am 1. Juni 2013.

Am 5. Spieltag musste die Partie Rayo Vallecano und Real Madrid abgesagt werden, weil Unbekannte mehrere Stromkabel zerschnitten hatten. Das angesetzte Spiel wurde 30 Minuten nach der vorgesehenen Anstoßzeit abgesagt, da das Stadion nicht ausreichend beleuchtet werden konnte. Die Eingänge zum Stadion wurden deshalb nicht geöffnet. Die Begegnung wurde daher auf den 24. September 2012 verschoben.

Vor der Saison
 Als Titelverteidiger ging der 32-fache Meister Real Madrid ins Rennen. Letztjähriger Vizemeister war der FC Barcelona.
 Aufgestiegen aus der Segunda División sind Deportivo La Coruña, Celta Vigo und Real Valladolid.

Teilnehmer
In der Saison 2012/13 wurde in der spanischen Primera División in folgenden Spielstätten gespielt:

Abschlusstabelle

Kreuztabelle
Die Kreuztabelle stellt die Ergebnisse aller Spiele dieser Saison dar. Die Heimmannschaft ist in der linken Spalte aufgelistet und die Gastmannschaft in der obersten Reihe.

Nach der Saison
Internationale Wettbewerbe
 1. – FC Barcelona – UEFA Champions League
 2. – Real Madrid – UEFA Champions League
 3. – Atlético Madrid – UEFA Champions League
 4. – Real Sociedad – UEFA Champions League, Qualifikation
 5. – FC Valencia – UEFA Europa League, Gruppenphase
 7. – Betis Sevilla – UEFA Europa League, Play-off-Runde
 9. – FC Sevilla – UEFA Europa League, Dritte Qualifikationsrunde

Absteiger in die Segunda División
 18. – RCD Mallorca
 19. – Deportivo La Coruña
 20. – Real Saragossa

Aufsteiger in die Primera División
 FC Elche
 FC Villarreal
 UD Almería

Die Meistermannschaft des FC Barcelona

Pichichi-Trophäe
Die Pichichi-Trophäe wird jährlich für den besten Torschützen der Spielzeit von der Zeitschrift Marca vergeben.

Zamora-Trophäe
Die Zamora-Trophäe wird jährlich für den Torwart mit den wenigsten Gegentreffern pro Spiel vergeben. Um in die Wertung zu kommen, muss der Spieler mindestens 28 Begegnungen zu je 60 Minuten bestreiten.

Weblinks

 Spain - List of Champions rsssf.com
 Saison 2012/13 laliga.es

Einzelnachweise

2012/13
Fußballsaison 2012/13

Primera División 2012/13


Abu Mansur Nasir al-Din Sabuktigin () ( 942 – August 997), also spelled as Sabuktagin, Sabuktakin, Sebüktegin and Sebük Tigin, was the founder of the Ghaznavid dynasty, ruling from  367 A.H/977 A.D to 387 A.H/997 A.D. In Turkic the name means beloved prince.

Sabuktigin lived as a slave during his youth and later married the daughter of his master Alptigin, the man who seized the region of Ghazna (modern Ghazni Province in Afghanistan). Alptigin and Sabuktigin still recognized Samanid authority, and it was not until the reign of Sabuktigin's son Mahmud that the rulers of Ghazni became independent.

When his father-in-law Alptigin died, Sabuktigin became the new ruler and expanded the kingdom after defeating Jayapala of Udabhandapura to cover the territory as far as the Neelum River in Kashmir and the Indus River in what is now Pakistan.

Early years
Sabuktigin was born in or around 942 to the Turkic Barskhan tribe, in what is today Barskon, in Kyrgyzstan. He was captured by the neighbouring Tukhsis in a tribal war and sold at the Samanid slave market at Chach. He rose from the ranks of Samanid slave guards to come under the patronage of the Chief Hajib Alptigin.

Alptigin later fled Bukhara after a failed coup, capturing Zabulistan and Ghazna south of the Hindu Kush in modern-day Afghanistan, he raised Sabuktigin to the position of a general and gave his daughter in marriage to him. Sabuktigin served Alptigin, and his two successors Ishaq and Balkatigin.

Pirai, a slave of Alptigin, succeeded to throne of Ghazni in 972 A.D. His misrule led to resentment among the people, who invited Abu Ali Lawik, son of Abu Bakr Lawik, to invade Ghazni. The Kabul Shahis allied with him and the king, most likely Jayapala, sent his son to assist Lawik in the invasion. When the allied forces approached Charkh on the Logar River, they were attacked by Sabuktigin, who killed and captured many of them, whilst also capturing ten of their elephants. Piri was expelled from the governorship due to his acts and Sabuktigin became governor in 977 A.D. The accession was endorsed by the Samanid ruler Nuh II.

Sabuktigin enlarged upon Alptigin's conquests, extending his domain from Ghazna to Balkh in the north, Helmand in the west, and the Indus River in what is today Pakistan.

Sabuktigin was recognized by the Caliph in Baghdad as governor of his dominions. He died in 997 AD, and was succeeded by his younger son Ismail of Ghazni. Sabuktigin's older son, Mahmud, rebelled against his younger brother and took over Ghazna as the new emir.

Ferishta records Sebuktigin's genealogy as descended from the Sassanid emperors: "Sabuktigin, the son of Jukan, the son of Kuzil-Hukum, the son of Kuzil-Arslan, the son of Firuz, the son of Yezdijird, king of Persia." Some doubt has been cast on this due to the lineage having been reckoned as too short to account for the 320 intervening years. What is known about Sebuktigin is that he was of Turkic origin. According to Grousset,

Military career

Sabuktigin grew up in the court circles of Alptigin and was conferred the titles of Amīr al-umara (Chief of the Nobles), and Wakīl-e Mūtlak (Representative), ultimately being made general. He was then heavily involved in the defence of Ghazna's independence for the next 15 years, until Alptigin's death in 975.

Upon Alptigin's death, both Sabuktigin and Alptigin's son Abu Ishaq went to Bukhara to mend fences with the Samanids. Mansur I then officially conferred upon Abu Ishaq the governorship of Ghazna and acknowledged Sebuktegin as the heir. Abu Ishaq died soon after in 977 and Sabuktigin succeeded him in the governorship of Ghazna, subsequently marrying Alptigin's daughter.

In 977 AD he marched against Toghan, who had opposed his succession. Toghan fled to Bost, so Sebuktigin marched upon it and captured Kandahar and its surrounding area. This prompted the Shahi King Jayapala to launch an attack on Ghazna. Despite the fact that Jayapala amassed about 100,000 troops for the battle, Sebuktigin was soundly victorious. The battle was fought at Laghman (near Kabul) and Jayapala was forced to pay a large tribute. He defaulted upon the payments, imprisoned Sebuktigin's collectors, and assembled a yet larger army consisting of 100,000 horse and an innumerable host foot, allied with forces from the kingdoms of Delhi, Ajmer, Kalinjar, and Kannauj, which was defeated in battle with Sebuktigin's Ghaznavids at the banks of the Neelum River in Kashmir. Sebuktegin then annexed the regions of Afghanistan, Peshawar, and all the lands west of the Neelum River in Kashmir.  According to Ferishta, "The Afghans and Khiljies who resided among the mountains having taken the oath of allegiance to Sabuktigin, many of them were enlisted in his army, after which he returned in triumph to Ghazni."

In 994 he was involved in aiding Nuh II of the Samanids against internal uprisings and defeated the rebels at Balkh and then at Nishapur, thereby earning for himself the title of Nāsir ud-Dīn ("Hero of the Faith") and for his son Mahmud the title of Governor of Khorasan and Saif ud-Dawlah ("Sword of the State").

Sabuktigin had increased Alptigin's domains to cover the area south of the Hindu Kush in Afghanistan and east to the Indus River in what is today Pakistan; he was eventually recognized by the Caliph in Baghdad as governor of his dominions.

Death and legacy

After becoming sick during one of his campaigns, Sabuktigin died in August 997 while travelling from Balkh to Ghazni in Afghanistan. The nature of his illness is unknown and the exact location of his death is uncertain. Minhaj al-Siraj Juzjani, a 13th-century historian, stated that "Sabuktigin died in the village of (Bermel Madwari, or Madar wa Moi, or Madawri, or Madraiwi, or Barmel Maderwi)." In modern times, Henry George Raverty has also mentioned Termez in his translations of the village name. Firishta, a 16th-century historian, has also mentioned Termez as the place of death of Subuktageen. Abdul Hai Habibi believes that Sebuktigin's place of death is Marmal, Mazar-i-Sharif. He was buried in a tomb in the village of Rawza, 4 kilometers to the northeast of Ghazni, which can be visited by tourists. He was succeeded by his younger son, Ismail. Sabuktigin is generally regarded as the architect of the Ghaznavid Empire.

The conquests of Sabuktigin facilitated the beginning of the Turko-Afghan period into India, which would be further conducted by his son Mahmud of Ghazni, and later the Ghurids until the Turko-Afghans successfully established themselves in the Delhi Sultanate.

Notes

References

Sources

940s births
997 deaths
Ghilman
People from Issyk-Kul Region
Ghaznavid sultans
10th-century monarchs in Asia
Samanid generals
Samanid governors of Ghazna
10th-century slaves
Founding monarchs

Sabuktigin


Onthophagus satoi é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Ochi, Shimada & Kon em 2003.

Referências

Ligações externas

satoi
Coleópteros descritos em 2003

Onthophagus satoi


Le Congrès international des mathématiciens de 1950 a eu lieu du 30 août au 6 septembre 1950 à Cambridge (Massachusetts), aux États-Unis.

Références

1950
Cambridge (Massachusetts)
Août 1950
Septembre 1950
1950 aux États-Unis


Australiendagen (), tidligere Anniversary Day eller Foundation Day, også kendt som Invasion Day, fejres den 26. januar hvert år til minde af dagen, hvor britiske både ankom til Sydney Cove i 1788.

Skønt navnet først tilkom omkring 100 år senere, findes markeringen af årsdagen den 26. januar registreret fra 1808, og guvernør Lachlan Macquarie holdt det første officielle markering af oprettelsen af New South Wales i 1818. I 2004 deltog skønsmæssigt 7,5 millioner mennesker i markeringen af Australia Day.

Australia Day er omstridt. Aboriginer har protesteret over markeringen. Nogle australiere opfatter det som en fejring af ødelæggelse af aboriginernes kultur af britiske kolonialister. Siden 1988 har "Invasion Day"-protester været afholdt med denne begrundelse. Det har været foreslået at flytte dagen til en anden dato. Dagen er også årsdag for Rom-oprøret (Rum Rebellion) i 1808, og derfor anser nogle Australia Day som en fejring af det eneste militærkup i Australiens historie. Endelig ses den som en slags selvstændighedsdag.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

 National Australia Day Council
 State Library of NSW - First Fleet Re-enactment Company records, 1978-1990: Presented by Trish and Wally Franklin
 State Library of NSW - First Fleet Re-enactment Voyage 1987-1988

Australiens historie
Kultur i Australien

Australia Day


Célia Mara (nascida em 27 de julho de 1961) é uma cantora, compositora e produtora brasileira que vive desde a década de 1990 em Viena, Áustria e desde 2003 também parcialmente em Salvador, Bahia.

Estilo
Ela se define como "bastardista": violando as estruturas de raça, gênero e classe; um híbrido; principalmente mulheres, mestiças, fora das regras, ilegítimas, de raça impura...; ou "nu Brazilian sabor", apresentando uma batida universal multicultural com fortes raízes brasileiras, cantando em português, inglês, alemão, francês e espanhol. Célia Mara faz parte do movimento plataforma para a cultura feminina famosa.

Célia Mara nasceu em Pedra Azul, Minas Gerais, uma pequena cidade do Vale do Jequitinhonha, uma das atuais regiões mais pobres do mundo. Politicamente, ela cresceu sob um regime militar. Começou sua carreira musical aos 14 anos, como autodidata no violão. Altamente influenciada pelo tropicalismo revolucionário, começou cedo a tocar músicas de Caetano veloso, Gilberto Gil, Chico Buarque mas também de Mercedes Sosa e composições próprias em eventos locais. Em 1979, foi a primeira menina (e compositora) do Vale de Jequintinhonha a participar num evento regional, o festival "Los procurados", organizado por Tadeu Martins. Mais tarde morou em Belo Horizonte (fez shows no cabaré mineiro "Palácio das Artes") se apresentando também no Rio de Janeiro e no sesc Pompeia em São Paulo, apresentando uma fusão entre canções rurais e urbanas. Aparições na TV como em Som Brasil de Rolando Boldrin, na Rede Globo deram um empurrão em sua carreira.

Europa
No início dos anos 1990, sua primeira turnê europeia a levou a pequenos clubes e festivais menores na Alemanha, Suíça, Áustria e norte da Itália. Em 1993, mudou-se para a Áustria, tendo carreira solo e duo, apresentando-se em importantes festivais regionais de jazz Jazzfestival–Burghausen e Jazzfest–Jena. Em 1997, fundou a banda latina potênciaX com sede na Áustria – com Herwig Gradischnig, Ingrid Oberkanins e outros. Utilizando programas de som, foi influenciada pelo pop bastardo e pela arte de remixar.

O "sombastardo" de Célia Mara é uma mistura centro-europeia-brasileira, ligada ao movimento mestiço espanhol – Manu Chao, Amparo Sanchez, Ojos de Brujo, fusão vienense Joe Zawinul e música brasileira Tom Zé, Vanessa da Mata, Seu Jorge, Lenine, Carlinhos Brown.

Célia Mara é gerida e produzida desde 1996 por Silvia Jura Santangelo. Eles correm o rótulo: "globalista: mídia sem fronteira".

Em 8 de março de 2011, Célia Mara obteve a Cidadania Austríaca de honra.

Discografia

 Santa Rebeldia (2008; globaCD_SR08)
 Bastardista (2005; globa_CD05)
 Necessário – ao vivo na ORF Radiokulturhaus (2000; art libre/ORF globa_CD00)
 Hot Couture do samba (1998; art libre) globa_CD98)

Prêmios

 2000: Concerto Poll: melhor artista de música do mundo Áustria
 2003: herta pammer preis para o evento: a cultura é nossa arma
 2006: copa da cultura, prêmio de exportação da cultura brasileira para Bastardista

Referências

Cantores de pop latino
Cantores de língua espanhola do Brasil
Cantores de língua francesa do Brasil
Cantores de língua inglesa do Brasil
Produtores musicais do Brasil

Celia Mara


Moștenirea lui Goldfaden este un film documentar românesc din 2004 regizat de Radu Gabrea și scris de Gabrea și Manase Radnev.

Prezentare

Prezintă viața poetului si dramaturgului Avram Goldfaden. Documentar arată originile teatrului idiș profesionist, întemeiat pentru prima dată în lume de Goldfaden în 1876 la Iași. Dramaturgul a avut succes după emigrarea sa la New York fiind considerat "Shakespeare-ul evreilor". Filmul urmărește și muzica klezmer din cadrul acestui teatru.

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 88 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2004 în film

Filme din 2004
Filme documentare românești
Filme în limba română
Filme regizate de Radu Gabrea
Filme muzicale
Filme istorice românești

Moștenirea lui Goldfaden


A Embaixada da Bielorrússia em Moscou é a principal missão diplomática da República da Bielorrússia na Federação Russa. Está situada na Rua Maroseika, 17 () no distrito de Basmanny de Moscou. O atual embaixador é Krutoy Dmitry Nikolaevich.

A embaixada é localizada em um antigo palácio de propriedade do conde Piotr Rumiantsev, construído em 1782. Após a Revolução de Outubro, o edifício foi nacionalizado e posteriormente transferido para o governo da República Socialista Soviética da Bielorrússia e acolheu a representação oficial da república junto do governo central da União Soviética. Após a dissolução da União Soviética, a representação oficial foi transformada na embaixada da independente República da Bielorrússia.

Desde a década de 1990, a embaixada tornou-se um local frequentemente palco de protestos contra o regime de Aleksandr Lukashenko por membros da diáspora bielorrussa e seus apoiadores russos. Em 2020 e 2021, inúmeras manifestações de solidariedade com os protestos na Bielorrússia ocorreram em frente à embaixada.

Ver também
 Relações entre Bielorrússia e Rússia

Referências

Ligações externas
 Página oficial

Missões diplomáticas em Moscou
Relações entre Bielorrússia e Rússia

Embaixada da Bielorrússia em Moscou


The DFS 228 was a rocket-powered, high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft designed by the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (DFS - "German Research Institute for Sailplane Flight")  during World War II. By the end of the war, the aircraft had only flown in the form of two unpowered prototypes.

Design and development
Initial design of the DFS 228 was undertaken before the outbreak of war as a research aircraft, the DFS 54, aimed at developing a high-altitude escape system for sailplanes. The project was suspended by the commencement of hostilities, but was revived in 1940 when the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM - "Reich Aviation Ministry") delivered the DFS with a requirement for a rocket-powered reconnaissance aircraft.

The advantages of a sailplane for aerial reconnaissance included its silence, its low speed relative to the ground (allowing for higher-quality photography), and its potential ability to loiter above an area of interest. The project gave the DFS the opportunity to investigate two additional areas that it was interested in:  the effects of wing sweep on sailplane design, and supersonic flight.

The DFS 228 was designed by Felix Kracht and a first prototype was completed in March 1944; it was undergoing gliding tests by that August, carried aloft piggyback and strut-mounted atop a Dornier Do 217. The aircraft was of conventional sailplane arrangement with long, slender wings and designed to land on a retractable skid mounted on its belly. The nose of the aircraft could be separated in an emergency and formed a self-contained, pressurized escape capsule for the pilot. Because of problems with the cabin pressurization system, the second prototype accommodated the pilot in a prone position.

Forty flights were made with the prototypes, and installation of a rocket was to have taken place in February 1945, but the project fell by the wayside as the war situation became more desperate. The second prototype was destroyed in an air raid in May 1945, and the first prototype was captured by U.S. troops in June. In 1946 it was sent to the United Kingdom for study where it was apparently scrapped in 1947, although its exact fate is unknown.

Variants

DFS 54
Experimental glider with a pressure cabin, oxygen, cabin heating and insulation for high altitude flying.
DFS 228
Powered variant of the DFS 54 with a Walter HWK 509D rocket propulsion unit.

Specifications (DFS 228 estimated)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Green, William. Warplanes of the Third Reich. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 1970 (fourth impression 1979). .
 Myhra, David. DFS 228. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 2000. .
 Smith, J.Richard and Kay, Anthony. German Aircraft of the Second World War. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1972 (third impression 1978). .
 Wood, Tony and Gunston, Bill. Hitler's Luftwaffe: A pictorial history and technical encyclopedia of Hitler's air power in World War II. London: Salamander Books Ltd., 1977. .

Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
1940s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Prone pilot aircraft
Rocket-powered aircraft
World War II reconnaissance aircraft of Germany
DFS aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1944

DFS 228


37. Türkiye Hükûmeti veya I. Ecevit Hükûmeti (26 Ocak 1974 - 17 Kasım 1974), 1973 Türkiye genel seçimleri sonrası Bülent Ecevit tarafından kurulan CHP ve MSP koalisyon hükûmetidir.

Arka plan
Hükûmetin kurulması aşamasında CHP ve MSP arasında kurulan koalisyon hükûmetinin ortaklık şartlarını ve hükûmetin hedefini belirlediği bir protokol imzalanmıştır.

Protokolde, milli, demokratik, laik ve sosyal hukuk devleti ilkesine yürekten inanan; hukukun üstünlüğüne, demokratik hak ve hürriyetlere saygılı olan iki partinin ortak amaçlarının, kanunları herkese eşit olarak uygulayan, Atatürk İlkelerine bağlı bir devlet idaresiyle anlayış, kardeşlik ve sosyal adalete dayanan bir toplum düzeninin kurulması olduğu belirtilmiştir.

Olaylar
Mart 1974'te koalisyonun temeli Güzel İstanbul Olayı ile sarsıldı. MSP tarafı, Cumhuriyetin 50. yıldönümü kutlamaları çerçevesinde İstanbul'da dikilen çıplak bir heykelin kaldırılmasını istemiş, ancak bu CHP'nin demokratik görüşlerine uygun düşmemiştir. CHP, MSP'yi kendileriyle koalisyonda tutmak için heykelin kaldırılması isteğini kabul etti.

Hükûmet, Mayıs 1974'te genel af çıkarmıştır. Bu af, 1974 Affı olarak bilinir.

20 Temmuz 1974 Kıbrıs Harekâtı bu hükûmet döneminde yapılmıştır.

Kabine

Sonrası
3 Eylül 1974'te Ecevit, CHP ve MSP'nin siyasi perspektiflerinin uzlaştırılamayacağını açıkladı. 18 Eylül'de istifa etti.

Kaynakça

Bülent Ecevit hükûmetleri
37. Hükûmet - 1. Ecevit, CHP-MSP Hükûmeti
Türkiye'de koalisyon hükûmetleri

37. Türkiye Hükûmeti


Malfatti es un apellido italiano y puede referirse a:

 Anita Malfatti (1889–1964), pintora brasileña,
 Arnaldo Malfatti (1893-1968), dramaturgo argentino
 Franco Maria Malfatti (1927-1991), político italiano
 Gian Francesco Malfatti (1731-1807), matemático italiano
 Giovanni Malfatti (1775-1859), médico italiano

Otros usos
 Comisión Malfatti, Comisión Europea presidida por Franco Maria Malfatti (1970-1972)
 Malfatti, comida similar a los ñoquis

Malfatti


Al-Malik as-Salih Salah ad-Din Salih ibn Muhammad (; * um 1338; † nach 1354) war 1351 bis 1354 Sultan der Mamluken in Ägypten.

Nach der ersten Absetzung an-Nasir al-Hasans wurde im August 1351 mit Salih ein weiterer, noch nicht einmal vierzehnjähriger Sohn an-Nasir Muhammads I. zum Sultan erhoben. As-Salih Salah ad-Din Salih war vor allem unter den Syrern beliebt, da er mütterlicherseits der Enkel von Saif ad-Din Tankiz al-Husami (dem rebellischen Vizeregenten und "ungekrönten König" von Damaskus zw. 1312 und 1340) war. Bald nach Salihs Thronbesteigung wurde der königliche Stallmeister und Günstling seines Vorgängers al-Hasan, Mughultay, in Alexandria interniert. Die drei Emire der neuen Junta, Taz an-Nasiri, Schaychun und Sarghitmisch, wollten ihre Macht jedoch auf eine breitere Basis stellen und ließen daher die beiden eingesperrten mächtigen Emire der vorigen Regierung, Mandschak und Baybugha, wieder frei. Baybugha wurde sogar zum Vizeregenten in Aleppo ernannt. Er enttäuschte dieses Vertrauen aber, indem er sich mit ostanatolischen Turkstämmen verbündete und von Aleppo südwärts nach Damaskus zog, dessen Vororte er plünderte. Eine von Kairo entsandte Armee zwang ihn jedoch zum Rückzug und nach dem Verrat seines türkischen Verbündeten wurde Baybugha gemeinsam mit diesem gefasst und 1354 hingerichtet.

Die Rebellion in Syrien wurde noch 1351 von den oberägyptischen Beduinenstämmen ausgenutzt, um ihrerseits gegen die Regierung in Kairo, deren Macht im Süden des Landes ohnehin eher formell denn de facto präsent war, zu revoltieren. Dem Mamlukenregime blieb letztlich nichts anderes übrig, als Oberägypten künftig gemeinsam mit den Beduinenstämmen zu verwalten. Die mangelnde Kontrolle über den Süden und dessen Getreidelieferungen sollten künftig ein großes Problem für die Regierung in Kairo bleiben.

In der Hauptstadt erlebte inzwischen der zum Islam konvertierte und noch am Ende von al-Hasans erstem Sultanat durch Bestechung ins Wesirsamt gelangte Kopte Alam ad-Din ibn Zunbur einen rasanten Aufstieg und Fall: Unter dem neuen Sultan as-Salih vereinte Ibn Zunbur die Wesirswürde mit den beiden mächtigen Ämtern des "Aufsehers über die Besitzungen des Sultans" (nāẓir al-ḫaṣṣ) und des "Aufsehers über die Armeefinanzen" (nāẓir al-ǧaiš), was eine nie dagewesene Konzentration von administrativer und fiskalischer Macht bedeutete. Allerdings machte Ibn Zunbur anscheinend keinen Unterschied zwischen dem Besitz des Staates und seinem eigenen. Er besaß 25 Zuckerrohr-Faktoreien, Schafsherden mit insgesamt 50.000–70.000 Tieren und etwa 700 Boote, die auf dem Nil Melasse, Olivenöl, Honig, Blei, Kupfer, Schwefel und viele andere Güter zu seinen Läden und Lagerhäusern transportierten. Einen Teil seiner auf diese Weise erworbenen Reichtümer versteckte er in einer Marmorsäule seines Palastes und weitere Schätze wurden von befreundeten Emiren als geheime "Zukunftsvorsorge" verwahrt. Nun war aber der dem neuen "Emir-Triumvirat" angehörende Sarghitmisch nicht nur selbst ein erfolgreicher Unternehmer, sondern auch für seinen Glaubensfanatismus bekannt. Als er 1352 – aus geschäftlichen oder religiösen Gründen – gegen den Wesir vorging, konnte Schaychun, ein Rivale Sarghitmischs, seinen Freund Ibn Zunbur nicht schützen. Alam ad-Din wurde abgesetzt, seine Reichtümer konfisziert und er sowie seine Familie gefoltert, um weiteren Verstecke seiner Schätze in Erfahrung zu bringen. Nicht nur eine Million Dinare aus dem Staatsbesitz wurden beschlagnahmt, sondern Sarghitmisch beschuldigte Ibn Zunbur auch, ein Scheinkonvertit zu sein. Er wurde nach Qus ins Exil geschickt, wo er 1353 starb. Die Kampagne gegen Ibn Zunbur löste im Jahr darauf anti-christliche Tumulte in der muslimischen Mehrheitsbevölkerung aus und unter dem Druck der Öffentlichkeit sahen sich Sultan as-Salih und seine Emire gezwungen, strenge, christendiskriminierende Gesetze zu erlassen und eine Zeit lang wurden nicht nur Christen, sondern auch Konvertiten aus allen Ämtern entlassen.

Anfang des Jahres 1354 wurde auch nach außen ersichtlich, dass das Triumvirat der Emire Taz an-Nasiri, Schaychun und Sarghitmisch nicht mehr miteinander kooperierte. Taz und Sarghitmisch entzweiten sich immer mehr, wobei Ersterer mit dem Versuch scheiterte, Schaychun auf seine Seite zu ziehen. Schließlich verbündeten sich Schaychun und seine 700 Mamluken mit Sarghitmisch. Während Taz im Herbst 1354 in Oberägypten weilte, inszenierte Sarghitmisch in Kairo einen Putsch und eroberte die Zitadelle von Taz' Anhängern. Als Taz selbst wenig später in die Hauptstadt zurückkehrte, kam es zwar noch zu Straßenkämpfen, doch musste sich Taz letztlich mit dem Posten eines Gouverneurs von Aleppo als Kompensation für seinen Machtverlust zufriedengeben. Schaychun und Sarghitmisch demonstrierten ihren Sieg, indem sie Sultan as-Salih zurück zu seiner Mutter schickten und an-Nasir al-Hasan wieder aus dem Harem holten, um ihn erneut auf den Thron zu setzen (Oktober 1354).

Literatur
 Robert Irwin: The Middle East in the Middle Ages. The Early Mamluk Sultanate 1250–1382. ACLS History E Book Project, New York NY 2008, ISBN 978-1-59740-466-2, S. 139–142.

Sultan (Ägypten)
Sultan (Damaskus)
Herrscher (14. Jahrhundert)
Bahri-Mamluk
Ägypter
Geboren im 14. Jahrhundert
Gestorben im 14. Jahrhundert
Mann

As-Salih Salih


O lóri-de-veste-amarela (Trichoglossus capistratus) é uma espécie de papagaio que é endêmica das ilhas do sudeste asiático de Sumba, Rote, Wetar e Kisar (Indonésia e Timor-Leste). Anteriormente, foi considerado uma subespécie do lóri-arco-íris, mas após uma revisão em 1997, é cada vez mais tratado como uma espécie separada.

No geral, o lóri-de-veste-amarela se assemelha ao arco-íris desbotado do lóri-de-peito-escarlate, com o azul na cabeça não tão fortemente demarcado e o peito variando de amarelo alaranjado a amarelo. Além das subespécies nomeadas de Timor, inclui a subespécie fortis ("Lóri-de-edward") de Sumba e flavotectus ("lóri-de-wetar") de Wetar. Habita a borda de floresta primária, floresta secundária, matas e plantações em altitudes abaixo de . em Timor, mas pelo menos até  em Sumba. Permanece bastante comum, mas sua distribuição relativamente pequena pode causar preocupação futura.

Ligações externas
 Marigold Lorikeet  Imagens de pássaros orientais.

Aves descritas em 1811
Trichoglossus
Espécies pouco preocupantes

Trichoglossus capistratus


Marmontova ulica u Splitu nastala je za vrijeme kratkotrajne francuske uprave u Dalmaciji u trajanju od 1806. do 1813. godine. Predstavlja prvu planski izgrađenu pravocrtnu ulicu nakon ortogonalne ulične mreže Dioklecijanove palače, s čijom je ulicom cardo paralelna te iste orijentacije sjever-jug.

Riječ je o radikalnom potezu u heterogenu strukturu slojevitog gradskog tkiva, nastalom na mjestu rušenja zapadnog dijela sedamnaestostoljetnog bedema i dijela srednjovjekovne gradske strukture. Tijekom 19. i u prvoj polovici 20. stoljeća ulica prolazi kroz formalno i funkcionalno oblikovanje, kada se prvo duž istočne, a zatim zapadne strane, podižu arhitektonska zdanja u različitim stilovima, visinskim odnosima te konačnim funkcijama. Neke od namjena još su uvijek prisutne u ulici, od kojih ribarnica i sumporno kupalište imaju najdužu tradiciju djelovanja. U 20. stoljeću s porastom broja stanovništva i prometa u Splitu, javljaju se regulacijski planovi s ciljem razvoja grada prema sjeveru. Oni uključuju i Marmontovu ulicu, tako da planiraju i provode proboj kroz sjeverni zid bastiona Priuli, čime se ulica produžuje i postaje jedna od glavnih prometnica u gradu. Pri proboju je aktualiziran problem valorizacije i zaštite gradskog obrambenog sustava, što je potaknuto radovima koji nisu poštovali konzervatorske smjernice, ostavljajući preveliki proboj, oštećene i nedefinirane rubove sjevernog zida bastiona Priuli. Pokušaj revitalizacije tog prostora dao je 1958. godine arhitekt Boris Kalogjera u sklopu plana Novog gradskog centra, no izveden je samo dio projekta, izgradnja poslovno-uslužnog kompleksa u zapadnom dijelu bastiona. Tek 1996. godine ulica se prenamjenjuje u pješačku zonu, kada dobiva današnji izgled prema projektu arhitekta Vjekoslava Ivaniševića. Tada je definiran i istočni dio bastiona, dobivši funkciju odmorišta, ali rubovi sjevernog zida bastiona još uvijek ostaju nedovršeni. Do danas je adaptiran kompleks u zapadnom dijelu te je zapadni zid uređen "zakrpom" koja odudara od ostatka zida materijalom i tehnikom izvedbe. Marmontova ulica jedna je od povijesno, urbanistički i funkcionalno najvažnijih ulica u gradu Splitu, te kao takva treba biti predmet konzervatorskog zanimanja.

Na njoj je se nalazi jedinstvena ribarnica, prekrasne secesijske zgrade Duplančić i Tončić, dok joj sjeverni dio kroz mletački bastion, uvire u arhitekturu HNK i crkve Gospe od Zdravlja, na njoj su i dva najpopularnija izložbena prostora u gradu, Salon Galić i Galerije fotografije, iz te se ulice ulazi na Prokurative kroz nekoliko prolaza.

Ulica nosi naziv francuskog maršala Augustea Marmonta.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Ulice u Splitu

Marmontova ulica


Hotel Marysol ist ein französisches Filmdrama aus dem Jahr 2005. Es ist die Literaturverfilmung des Romans La Route de Midland von Arnaud Cathrine.

Handlung
Nachdem Thomas von dem Selbstmord seines absolut verhassten Bruders Richard erfährt, muss er sich um dessen Nachlass kümmern. Also reist er von Paris in die Heimat, nach Marseille. Doch Richards Haus, in dem auch Thomas seine Kindheit verbracht hat, birgt zu viele schmerzvolle Erinnerungen. Nachdem sein Vater überraschend die Familie verließ, führte die Mutter ein teilnahmsloses Leben und es verschlechterte sich die Beziehung zu seinem älteren Bruder Richard. Thomas will das Haus nur noch verkaufen. Er entdeckt allerdings ein Foto von Jeanne, sodass er sich in ihr Hotel einquartiert, um den Kauf abschließen zu können.

Ohne seine Identität preiszugeben, wird er für einige Zeit der einzige Gast im Hotel. Dort erfährt er, dass Jeanne, ihr schwerhöriger Patensohn Lucas und ihr Onkel Joseph sehr eng mit Richard befreundet waren, bevor er sie ebenfalls überraschend verließ. Er verheimlicht den Selbstmord Richards und hört den Gesprächen zu. Dabei hofft er, seinen Bruder besser verstehen zu können. Unglücklicherweise kommt Lucas ihm durch einen Zufall auf die Schliche.

Kritik

Hintergrund
Das Regiedebüt von Éric Caravaca hatte seine Weltpremiere am 1. Dezember 2005 auf dem Belfort Entrevues Film Festival und kam am 22. März 2006 regulär in die französischen Kinos. Auf dem Fernsehsender Arte lief der Film in der Rubrik Kino auf Arte am 24. Februar 2010 zum ersten Mal im deutschen Fernsehen.

Die Produktionskosten lagen bei 1,2 Mio. Euro.

Bei der Verleihung des César 2007 wurde Vincent Rottiers mit einer Nominierung als Bester Nachwuchsdarsteller bedacht.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 2005
Französischer Film
Filmdrama
Literaturverfilmung

Hotel Marysol


CS Sedan Ligue 2'de mücadele eden takımlardan birisidir. Yeşil-kırmızı renklere sahip olan takım maçlarını 23,189 kişilik Louis Dugauguez Stadyumu'nda oynamaktadır.

Oyuncular
1 Ocak 2022 itibarıyla

Dış bağlantılar
 CS Sedan Resmi Web Sitesi

Fransa'daki futbol kulüpleri
1919'da kurulan futbol kulüpleri

CS Sedan Ardennes


"Fine Line" é uma canção do cantor britânico Harry Styles, gravada para seu segundo álbum de estúdio com o mesmo nome. Styles escreveu a canção com Mitch Rowland, Sammy Witte e os produtores Kid Harpoon e Tyler Johnson. "Fine Line" foi posteriormente enviada para as rádios italianas em 19 de novembro de 2021, como o sétimo e último single do álbum.

Antecedentes e lançamento

Harry Styles lançou seu segundo álbum de estúdio, Fine Line, em 13 de dezembro de 2019. "Fine Line" é a décima segunda faixa da lista de faixas do álbum. Styles escreveu a canção com Mitch Rowland, Sammy Witte e os produtores Kid Harpoon e Tyler Johnson. Os vocais de Styles foram gravados na casa de Kid Harpoon (Los Angeles, Estados Unidos), RAK (Londres, Inglaterra), Real World (Bath, Inglaterra), e The Cave (Nashville, Estados Unidos). Spike Stent, auxiliado por Michael Freeman, então mixou a canção no EastWest Studios em Los Angeles. Randy Merrill mais tarde masterizou no Sterling Sound em Edgewater, Estados Unidos.

Styles originalmente escreveu "Fine Line" como uma balada folk, mas ele explicou à Rolling Stone que continuou se expandindo e evoluindo. "Começou simples, mas eu queria ter essa outra coisa épica. E tomou essa forma", disse ele. "É exatamente como a música que quero fazer. Adoro cordas, sopros e harmonias. Então, porque não colocamos tudo isso?". Na Itália, a Sony Music lançou "Fine Line" como o sétimo single de Fine Line em 19 de novembro de 2021.

Recepção da crítica
Hannah Mylrea, da NME, chamou "Fine Line" de "eufórica". Douglas Greenwood, da i-D, escreveu que a canção "abriga toda a mesma intensidade lírica, mas em uma escala sonora maior". Jon Pareles, do The New York Times, escreveu que a "canção faz promessas criteriosamente otimistas e se desdobra ao longo de seis minutos com uma paciência maravilhosa, eventualmente convocando uma orquestra. Livre de sua boy band, Styles exulta no som, não na imagem".

Alex Rodobolski, da Exclaim!, escreveu: "é a maneira perfeita de terminar sua história de aflição e tesão. É feliz e triste, romântica, cheia de desdém e bonita ao mesmo tempo". Nick Catucci, da Rolling Stone, escreveu que a canção "emerge de uma bela e sombria neblina do tipo Bon Iver para um acabamento grande, semi-esperançoso e com uma medida de incerteza que se encaixa no final desta década caótica, enquanto Styles promete: "Nós ficaremos bem". Maddie Lock, da The Edge, escreveu que a canção "seja certamente cativante, é provavelmente a canção mais esquecível e desnecessária do álbum".

Desempenho nas paradas musicais

Paradas semanais

Certificações

Histórico de lançamento

Canções de 2019
Singles de 2021
Canções gravadas por Harry Styles
Singles lançados pela Columbia Records

Fine Line (canção de Harry Styles)


අණු අතර පවත්නා සියලූ ම වර්ගවලට අයත් අන්තර් අණුක අන්තර්කි‍්‍රයා පොදුවේ වැන් ඩ' වාල්ස් අන්තර්කි‍්‍රයා ලෙස හැඳින්වේ. වැන් ඩ' වාල්ස් අන්තර්කි‍්‍රයා ආකර්ශක බල හෝ විකර්ශක බල විය හැකිය. මෙම අන්තර්කි‍්‍රයා ආකාර පහකට වර්ග කළ හැකි ය.

අයන - ද්විධ‍්‍රැව අන්තර්ක‍්‍රියා
ද්විධ‍්‍රැව - ද්විධ‍්‍රැව අන්තර්ක‍්‍රියා සහ හයිඩ‍්‍රජන් බන්ධන
අයන - පේ‍්‍රරිත ද්විධ‍්‍රැව අන්තර්කි‍්‍රයා
ද්විධ‍්‍රැව - පේ‍්‍රරිත ද්විධ‍්‍රැව අන්තර්ක‍්‍රියා
අපකිරණ (ලන්ඩන්) බල

අයන - ද්විධ‍්‍රැව අන්තර්ක‍්‍රියා
යම් කැටායනකට හෝ ඇනායකට ධ‍්‍රැවීය අණුවක් ආකර්ෂණය වීමේ දී මෙම අන්තර්කි‍්‍රයා ඇති වේ. මෙම අන්තර්කි‍්‍රයාවල ප‍්‍රබලත්වය අයනවල ප‍්‍රමාණය, ආරෝපණය සහ ද්විධ‍්‍රැවයේ විශාලත්වය මත රඳා පවතී.

ද්විධ‍්‍රැව - ද්විධ‍්‍රැව අන්තර්ක‍්‍රියා
ස්ථිර ද්විධ‍්‍රැවයක් සහිත අණු අතර මෙම බන්ධන ඇති වේ.

උදා :- I♭+-H♭- --- I♭+-H♭-
 H♭+-Cl♭- --- H♭+-Cl♭-

හයිඩ්‍රජන් බන්ධන
ෆ්ලූවොරීන්/ක්ලෝරීන්/නයිට්‍රජන් වැනි එකසර ඉලෙක්ට්‍රෝන යුගලක් හෝ යුගල් කිහිපයක් හෝ සහිත විද්‍යුත් ඍණ පරමාණුවකට (X) සහසංයුජ ව බැඳුණු හයිඞ්රජන් පරමාණුවක් හා ෆ්ලූවොරීන්/ක්ලෝරීන්/නයිට්රජන් වැනි එකසර ඉලෙක්ට්‍රෝන යුගලක් හෝ යුගල් කිහිපයක් හෝ සහිත වෙනත් විද්‍යුත් ඍණ පරමාණුවක් (Y) අතර හට ගන්නා විශේෂ ආකාරයක ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික අන්තර්කි‍්‍රයාවක් හයිඩ්‍රජන් බන්ධනය ලෙස හැඳින්වේ. මෙම අන්තර්කි‍්‍රයාව පහත පරිදි දැක්විය හැකි ය.
X♭--H♭+ --- Y♭-

අයන - පේ‍්‍රරිත ද්විධ‍්‍රැව අන්තර්කි‍්‍රයා
අයනයක් වැනි ආරෝපිත අංශුවක්, ආරෝපණයක් රහිත නිර්ධ‍්‍රැවීය අණුවක් (උදා: උච්ච වායු අණුවක්) ආසන්නයේ ඇති විට පරමාණුවේ හෝ අණුවෙහි ඉලෙක්ට්‍රෝන වලාව විකෘති වේ.

උදා :- ජලීය පොටෑසියම් අයඩයිඩ් වල දිය කළ I2 මගින් I3- අයන ඇති වීම.

ද්විධ‍්‍රැව - පේ‍්‍රරිත ද්විධ‍්‍රැව අන්තර්කි‍්‍රයා
මෙම වර්ගයේ අන්තර්කි‍්‍රයා ආරෝපණයක් රහිත නිර්ධ‍්‍රැවීය ප‍්‍රභේද හා ධ‍්‍රැවීය ප‍්‍රභේද අතර හට ගනී.

උදා :- O2, I2, Xe වැනි නිර්ධ‍්‍රැවීය ප‍්‍රභේදවල ජලයේ දිය වීම.

අපකිරණ බල (ලන්ඩන් බල හෝ ලන්ඩන් අපකිරණ බල)
නිර්ධ‍්‍රැවීය අණු හෝ පරමාණු අතර පවත්නා අන්තර් කි‍්‍රයා අපකිරණ බල ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.  ඕනෑ ම නිර්ධ‍්‍රැවීය අණුවක් එහි ඉලෙක්ට්‍රෝන වලාව ක්ෂණික විකෘතිතාවකට පත් වීමෙන් තාවකාලික ව ධ‍්‍රැවීකරණයට ලක් විය හැකි ය. එම අණුවේ ධ‍්‍රැවීයතාව හේතුවෙන් තවත් නිර්ධ‍්‍රැවීය අණුවක් තාවකාලික ව ධ‍්‍රැවීය විය හැකි ය. එ වැනි අණු අතර පවත්නා අන්තර්ක‍්‍රියා අපකිරණ බල ලෙස හැඳින්වේ. එ වැනි බල සියලූ ම අණු අතර ඇති වේ. සාමාන්‍යයෙන් සියලූ ම වර්ගවලට අයත් වැන් ඩ' වාල්ස් බල අතර දුබල ම ආකාරය වනුයේ අපකිරණ බලයි. කෙසේ වෙතත් ද්විධ‍්‍රැව - ද්විධ‍්‍රැව අන්තර්කි‍්‍රයා ඉක්මවා යන අපකිරණ බල පවතින අවස්ථා ද ඇත.

ආශ්‍රිත

බාහිර සබැඳි
  වැන් ඩ' වාල්ස් බල හඳුන්වාදීමේ විස්තර

රසායන විද්‍යාව

වැන් ඩ' වාල්ස් අන්තර්ක්‍රියා


Home es un álbum en vivo por la banda August Burns Red, lanzado a través de Solid State Records.

Lista de canciones

Personal
August Burns Red
 Jake Luhrs
 JB Brubaker
 Brent Rambler
Dustin Davidson
 Matt Greiner

Referencias

Álbumes de 2010
Álbumes de August Burns Red
Álbumes de metalcore
Álbumes en inglés

Home (álbum de August Burns Red)


An Crypsis turkestanica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Alexander Eig. An Crypsis turkestanica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Crypsis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Crypsis

Crypsis turkestanica


جوفان ميلادينوفيتش، من مواليد 30 يناير 1939، وتوفي في 11 سبتمبر 1982، لاعب كرة قدم يوغسلافي سابق.

لعب مع منتخب يوغسلافيا لكرة القدم.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب جوفان ميلادينوفيتش خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع ناديين في أحد عشر موسمًا وسجل خلالها 10 أهداف ضمن 112 مباراة. حيث فاز في موسم واحد بالكأس وفي أربعة مواسم بالدوري.

خاض جوفان ميلادينوفيتش مسيرته مع نادي بارتيزان في موسم 1956–57 ليلعب معه عشرة مواسم، مشاركًا في 107 مباراة سجل خلالها 10 أهداف. ثم انتقل إلى نادي نورنبرغ في موسم 1966–67 لمدة موسم واحد، حيث شارك في 5 مباريات ولم يسجل أي هدف.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في ألمانيا الغربية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية صرب
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية يوغوسلافيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية يوغوسلافيون
رياضيون من بلغراد
لاعبو الدوري الألماني
لاعبو الدوري اليوغوسلافي الأول
لاعبو بارتيزان بلغراد
لاعبو كأس أمم أوروبا 1960
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم صرب مغتربون
ميلادينوفيتش
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1964
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا الغربية
لاعبو كرة قدم من بلغراد
لاعبو كرة قدم يوغوسلاف أولمبيون
لاعبو كرة قدم يوغوسلاف مغتربون
ميلادينوفيتش
لاعبو منتخب يوغوسلافيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نورمبرغ
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
مدربو بارتيزان بلغراد
مدربو كرة قدم صرب
مدربو كرة قدم يوغوسلاف
مواليد 1939
مواليد في بلغراد
وفيات 1982
وفيات في بلغراد

جوفان ميلادينوفيتش


An Cycnoches in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Cycnoches in nahilalakip ha familia nga Orchidaceae.

Ilarom nga taxa

 Cycnoches aureum
 Cycnoches barthiorum
 Cycnoches bennettii
 Cycnoches brachydactylon
 Cycnoches carrii
 Cycnoches chlorochilon
 Cycnoches christensonii
 Cycnoches cooperi
 Cycnoches densiflorum
 Cycnoches dianae
 Cycnoches egertonianum
 Cycnoches farnsworthianum
 Cycnoches glanduliferum
 Cycnoches guttulatum
 Cycnoches haagii
 Cycnoches herrenhusanum
 Cycnoches jarae
 Cycnoches lehmannii
 Cycnoches loddigesii
 Cycnoches lusiae
 Cycnoches maculatum
 Cycnoches manoelae
 Cycnoches pachydactylon
 Cycnoches pentadactylon
 Cycnoches peruvianum
 Cycnoches powellii
 Cycnoches quatuorcristis
 Cycnoches rossianum
 Cycnoches schmidtianum
 Cycnoches stenodactylon
 Cycnoches suarezii
 Cycnoches thurstoniorum
 Cycnoches warszewiczii
 Cycnoches ventricosum

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cycnoches

Cycnoches


Ensembles

Ensemble Stadtplatz

Das Ensemble umfasst den um 1269 planmäßig in der Form eines langgestreckten Rechtecks angelegten Stadtplatz mit dem kleinen, sich um die Johanneskirche legenden Johannesplatz im Südosten.

Die leicht abschüssige Platzanlage, die das Zentrum des ehemals von einer Befestigungsmauer umgebenen Marktorts einnimmt, ist allseitig geschlossen bebaut. Die Platzwände der beiden Längsseiten entstehen aus Reihen dreigeschossiger bürgerlicher Wohn- und Geschäftshäuser, vorwiegend in der für die Inn-Salzach-Städte typischen Bauweise. Die Schmalseiten des Platzes werden durch Torbauten abgeriegelt. Der hofartig um die Johanneskirche sich ausweitende Johannesplatz markiert den alten Kirchhof des Ortes.

Aktennummer: E-1-83-129-1

Baudenkmäler nach Ortsteilen

Neumarkt-Sankt Veit

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Aich

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Oberwiesbach

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Straß

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Teising

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Weitere Ortsteile

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Ehemalige Baudenkmäler

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Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Neumarkt-Sankt Veit

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

!
Neumarkt Sankt Veit
Baudenkmaler Neumarkt Sankt Veit

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Neumarkt-Sankt Veit


Peter Rothmann Rasmussen (født 26. marts 1993 i Allerød), bedre kendt som dupreeh, er en dansk professionel Counter-Strike: Global Offensive-spiller, som spillede for det danske esporthold Astralis.

Dupreeh er lige nu på bænken i Team Vitality.

Peter 'dupreeh' Rasmussen,  er den eneste spiller i verden, der har deltaget i alle 19 majors, og har også vundet flere majors (5).

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Esport-spillere
Personer fra Allerød

Dupreeh


"Mills bomb" is the popular name for a series of British hand grenades which were designed by William Mills. They were the first modern fragmentation grenades used by the British Army and saw widespread use in the First and Second World Wars.

Development

William Mills, a hand grenade designer from Sunderland, patented, developed and manufactured the "Mills bomb" at the Mills Munitions Factory in Birmingham, England, in 1915. The Mills bomb was inspired by an earlier design by Belgian captain Leon Roland, who later engaged in a patent lawsuit. Col. Arthur Morrow, a New Zealand Wars officer, also believed aspects of his patent were incorporated into the Mills Bomb. The Mills bomb was adopted by the British Army as its standard hand grenade in 1915 as the No. 5.

The Mills bomb underwent numerous modifications. The No. 23 was a No. 5 with a rodded base plug which allowed it to be fired from a rifle. This concept evolved further with the No. 36, a variant with a detachable base plate for use with a rifle discharger cup. The final variation of the Mills bomb, the No. 36M, was specially designed and waterproofed with shellac for use in the hot climate of Mesopotamia in 1917 at first but remained in production for many years. By 1918 the No. 5 and No. 23 had been declared obsolete and the No. 36 (but not the 36M) followed in 1932.

The Mills was a classic design; a grooved cast iron "pineapple" with a central striker held by a close hand lever and secured with a pin. According to Mills's notes, the casing was grooved to make it easier to grip, not as an aid to fragmentation; and it has been shown that it does not shatter along the segmented lines. The Mills was a defensive grenade meant to be thrown from behind cover at a target in the open, wounding with fragmentation, as opposed to an offensive grenade, which does not fragment, relying on short-range blast effect to wound or stun the victim without endangering the thrower with fragments, which travel a much longer distance than blast. Despite the designations and their traits, "defensive" grenades were frequently used offensively and vice versa. A competent thrower could manage  with reasonable accuracy, but the grenade could throw lethal fragments farther than this. The British Home Guard were instructed that the throwing range of the No. 36 was about  with a danger area of about .

At first the grenade was fitted with a seven-second fuse but in the Battle of France in 1940 this delay proved to be too long, giving defenders time to escape the explosion, or even to throw the grenade back. Therefore, the delay was reduced to four seconds. The British Army continued to use grenades with a seven-second fuse for use in rifle mounted grenade projectors where the fuse time was required to allow the grenade to reach its full range.

The heavy segmented bodies of "pineapple" type grenades result in an unpredictable pattern of fragmentation. After the Second World War, Britain adopted grenades that contained segmented coiled wire in smooth metal casings. The No. 36M Mk.I remained the standard grenade of the British Armed Forces and was manufactured in the UK until 1972, when it was replaced by the L2 series. The 36M remained in service in some parts of the world such as India and Pakistan, where it was manufactured until the 2000s. Mills bombs were still being used in combat as recently as 2004, for example in the incident which killed US Marine Jason Dunham and wounded two of his comrades. The last major operator of the Mills bomb was India who only replaced it in August 2021 with a new Multi-Mode Hand Grenade (MMHG).

Models
 The No. 5 Mk 1 was the first version. The explosive was filled through a small circular plug on the upper half, the detonator assembly was inserted into the centre tube through the bottom of the grenade body via the base plug, the striker and spring was held in tension through the middle by the lever that was held down on the lugs (ears) located on the top of the grenade body via a split pin and ring called the safety pin/pull ring. It was issued in May 1915 and entered general issue when mass production caught up a year later in 1916.
 The No. 23 Mk 1, the hand/rifle-grenade had a base plug drilled with a threaded hole for a rifle launching rod. The No. 23 Mk II had a new-style iron base plug that was easier to tighten with the fingers without the need for a spanner. The No. 23 Mk III was a new-style body with a larger filler hole plug and more solid -lever lugs/ears but retaining the Mk II style plug.
 The No. 36 Mk. 1 was first introduced in May 1918. It used the No. 23 Mk III body with a new-style plug. Mostly made of iron, it was drilled and threaded for attaching a metal disk called a gas check to fire the grenade from a cup discharger (Burns) mounted on a rifle's muzzle and launched using a balastite blank cartridge.
 The shellac-coated "Mesopotamian" variant (No. 36M Mk I) was designed to keep moisture and humidity out of the detonator's fuse. The No. 36M Mk I was the British army's standard hand-grenade from the 1930s to 1972.

Identification marks
 A green band around the middle originally indicated an Amatol filling (1915–1920s), while it later indicated a Baratol or Trotyl filling (1920s–1970s).
 A pink band around the middle indicates an Ammonal or Alumatol filling. (Alumatol is defined by the Dictionary of Explosives, pub 1920 as "a mixture of ammonium nitrate, TNT and 'a small quantity' of aluminium powder".) A red band around the base plug on the bottom indicated the detonator was already installed and that the grenade was live.
 Three red Xs along each side indicates that it is the waterproofed No.36M model.

Rifle grenade
The Mills bomb was developed into a rifle grenade by attaching a metallic rod to its base. This rod-type rifle-grenade had an effective range of about . The operating procedure was to insert the Mills bomb rod down the barrel of a standard rifle, put a special blank cartridge (Ballistite cartridge) in the rifle's chamber, place the rifle stock on the ground, then pull the Mills bomb's safety pin, releasing the safety lever and immediately fire the rifle. If the soldier did not launch the grenade quickly, the grenade's fuse would time out and explode. The British soon developed a simple cradle attached to the rifle's bayonet lug to hold the safety-lever in place and prevent accidental detonations. However, it was found that the repeated launching of rod-type grenades caused damage to the rifle's barrel, causing the middle to bulge out due to the prolonged pressure spike from driving the much heavier, larger projectile up the barrel (typically a much faster process with a normal bullet); a rifle cartridge rapidly burns up all the available powder, which fills the volume behind the bullet with extremely high pressure gases (tens of thousands of PSI), the pressure rising as the bullet moves up the barrel, peaking at some point before the bullet leaves the muzzle. With the much heavier grenade and rod, the cartridge had to accelerate a much heavier mass, which resulted in the powder burning up and the pressure peaking before the rod had got more than a part of the way up the barrel, putting peak pressure on sooner and sustaining it for longer.

The British subsequently developed a cup-type launcher to replace the rod-type rifle-grenade. In this design, a can-shaped launcher was attached to the muzzle of the rifle and a gas check disc was screwed onto the base of the grenade before the grenade was placed in the launcher. The safety pin could then be removed as the launcher cup kept the safety-lever in place. The operator inserted the ballistite cartridge into the rifle before setting the stock, angled on the ground to absorb the recoil of the weapon. When the cartridge was fired it pushed the grenade out of the cup releasing the lever. The cup-type launcher could launch the grenade about . Lee–Enfield rifles equipped with the cup launcher were sometimes modified with copper wire wrapped around the stock, to prevent the wood from splitting under the increased recoil. If necessary, both the rod and the gas check grenade could be thrown as a standard hand-grenade. The cup discharger was typically on issue to the British Home Guard rather than the regular British Army.

Gallery

See also
 Kugelhandgranate
 F1 grenade (France)

References

External links

 World War II Tech Pubs Briefing

 Photos of late production 36M grenades - including examples made in 1966, 1970 and 1972
 Cross section of a Mills Bomb

World War I grenades of the United Kingdom
World War II infantry weapons of the United Kingdom
World War II grenades of the United Kingdom
Hand grenades of the United Kingdom
Rifle grenades
Fragmentation grenades

Mills bomb


Ja sam rođen tamo na salašu (srp. Ја сам рођен тамо на салашу), poznata kao i Salaš u malom ritu (srp. Салаш у малом риту), je skladba koju su napisali Miomir Petrović i Saša Mirković za seriju Salaš u Malom Ritu (iz 1975.), koja je o tragičnim događajima tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata u Vojvodini. Njih dvojica su u seriji glumili Sašu i Cileta. Neki smatraju pjesmu neslužbenom himnom Vojvodine.

Tekst

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Pjesma na YouTubeu

Himne
Srpske domoljubne pjesme
Vojvodina

Salaš u malom ritu (pjesma)


Topaktaş, Adana ilinin Karaisalı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Adana iline 30 km, Karaisalı ilçesine 29 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Karaisalı'nın mahalleleri

Topaktaş, Karaisalı


Joanna Dark is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the Perfect Dark video game series. She debuted in the Nintendo 64 first-person shooter Perfect Dark and is a player character in all the games of the series. Outside of video games, Joanna appears as the lead character in all the Perfect Dark novels and comic books. Joanna is an operative for the fictional Carrington Institute, where she was given the code name "Perfect Dark" in honor of her flawless performance in training tests.

Joanna Dark was originally devised by video game designer Martin Hollis, who found inspiration in a number of fictional heroines such as FBI agent Dana Scully from television series The X-Files, and the eponymous femme fatale of the film La Femme Nikita, among others. Her Perfect Dark Zero model was redesigned by manga artist Wil Overton. Joanna Dark is among Rare's most well known characters and has been featured in several "top lists" by the gaming media.

Character design
Joanna Dark was originally devised by Martin Hollis, the director and producer of GoldenEye 007 and Perfect Dark, before he left Rare in 1998. Hollis explained that the suggestion of having a female lead in a first-person shooter was inspired by Kim Kimberly, the protagonist of the first two games in the Silicon Dreams trilogy by Level 9 Computing, where the player experiences the shock of discovering that they are a woman fairly late in the first game. He also felt that there should be more games with female leads. According to him, "Having just made a game starring a man it seemed logical to create one around a woman."

Joanna's design was influenced by a number of fictional heroines, including the seductive spy Agent X-27 in the 1930s film Dishonored, FBI agent Dana Scully from The X-Files television series, and the eponymous femme fatale of the film La Femme Nikita, whom Hollis describes as "iconic, heroic, independent, vulnerable and very damaged." Her haircut and facial features were modelled after actress Winona Ryder. The name "Joanna Dark" was taken from the French pronunciation of Joan of Arc as "Jeanne d'Arc". Hollis revealed that they "wanted her to be quite normal, not with supermodel looks, perhaps a little androgynous." Joanna is worn different attire throughout the game, a decision to make her "intrinsically fashionable". A black dress Joanna wears has an image of a dragon from Killer Instinct. In Perfect Dark, she was voiced by Eveline Fischer, a video game music composer who worked at Rare.

In Perfect Dark Zero, Joanna was redesigned by manga artist Wil Overton. Overton added more distinctive elements, including a star tattoo on the left side of her neck, a blonde streak in her hair, and a choppy outline to her hairstyle. Her hair was also changed from short and red to shoulder-length and orange. Hollis stated that while he liked the new concept work, he could not imagine why she would wear the orange. According to him, "It is uncharacteristic. Quite apart from the practical problem of being a beacon for bullets—Secret Agents don't wear orange for good reason." Process for her character design went through several alterations. Images of the initial concept were met with much derision among the fans who criticized Joanna's new manga-like appearance. In response, the developers chose to tone down some of the more stylized aspects of the design, eventually arriving at a more realistic appearance. For the cancelled sequel Perfect Dark Core, Dark was altered to fit the game's realistic atmosphere, being described as a "smoking, flirting" version.

Attributes
Joanna is described as a highly skilled marksman, a lethal close combat fighter, and an expert pilot and driver. She has incredible reflexes and an ability to sniff out trouble. Her technical skills includes wiring up a charge, picking a lock or hacking a basic system. She also has an innate ability at keeping a false identity, suiting her for undercover operations. In the Perfect Dark novels, it is revealed that she is incredibly enduring; in one case, after being shot, she continued doing her mission even though the wound worsened, having been torn open several times and developing an infection. She is capable of deep, destructive anger, and often lacks the discipline to keep her temper in check. This sometimes leads her to undertake reckless, ill-advised actions.

Joanna is described as being naturally curious. She does not trust people easily, especially those who are associated with the corporations. She is remarkably well adjusted and content to live each day as it comes. She is an avid supporter and non-professional player of DeathMatch VR, a combat simulator program that allows people to face off against each other in virtual arenas. She also enjoys a variety of adventure activities, including rock climbing, parkour, and dirt biking. Joanna is depicted as having red shoulder-length hair, with a distinctive blonde streak that was the result of a genetic quirk. She has bright, deep blue eyes. She has a pale complexion and a slender, athletic build. Her Perfect Dark Zero model reveals the presence of a star tattoo on the left side of her neck, which she got while she was in Hong Kong when she turned sixteen.

Appearances

In video games
Joanna's first appearance is in the Nintendo 64 title Perfect Dark, released in 2000. In the game, Joanna is an operative for the fictional Carrington Institute, where she was given the code name "Perfect Dark" in honor of her flawless performance in training tests. On her first mission, she is sent to extract a dataDyne defector. In the process, she uncovers a conspiracy between world's biggest corporation dataDyne and a group of Skedars, extraterrestrials who have established an interstellar war against another alien race known as the Maians. The conspirators plan to steal a megaweapon from a crashed spacecraft on the Earth's ocean floor and use it against the Maian homeworld. However, unbeknownst to dataDyne, the Skedar also intend to test fire the weapon on Earth, destroying it in the process. With the help of a Maian bodyguard, Joanna manages to locate the megaweapon and destroy it. Afterward, she helps the Maians launch a counterattack against the Skedar homeworld, eliminating their High Priest, thereby issuing a devastating blow to morale.

Joanna returns in a Game Boy Color game, which is set one year prior to the Nintendo 64 title. Having completed her training successfully and earned the trust of Institute's leader Daniel Carrington, Joanna is sent to the South American jungle, where she must destroy an illegal cyborg manufacturing facility. In the process, she witnessed an aircraft being shot down and made a note of the co-ordinates. As a result, she is ordered to investigate the crash site, where she eventually discovers that the wreckage belonged to the Skedar. In retaliation, the Institute is stormed by a dataDyne strike team to destroy any clues of the conspiracy, but Joanna ultimately stops it.

The 2005 prequel Perfect Dark Zero takes place three years before the events of the Nintendo 64 game, where Joanna is a bounty hunter working with her father Jack. On their first mission, they rescue a scientist named Zeigler from the hands a Triad crime lord based out of Hong Kong. Zeigler discovered an ancient artifact in Africa which endows individuals with superhuman powers, hinted to have been built by the Maians. However, Zeigler is killed shortly after and Jack is captured by dataDyne, who too are interested in the artifact. Joanna later manages to rescue him from the palace of Zhang Li, the secretive founder of dataDyne, but Jack is eventually killed by Zhang Li's daughter, Mai Hem. Joanna then finds her goals coinciding with those of the Carrington Institute. Taking advantage of their resources, Joanna avenges her father's death by killing Mai Hem and later Zhang Li, who used the artifact on himself.

In other media
Joanna Dark is the primary protagonist in the Perfect Dark novels and comic books. In the first novel, Initial Vector, which is set six months after Perfect Dark Zero, Joanna finds herself living in the Carrington Institute grounds and must learn to trust Daniel Carrington, as well as uncovering a conspiracy that may influence on dataDyne's new CEO election. The second novel, Second Front, follows Joanna as she attempts to stop a clandestine group of hackers responsible for some major accidents that allowed dataDyne to take over involved corporations. Janus' Tears, a six-issue American comic book which is set between both novels, focuses on Joanna's attempts to unmask a mole in the Carrington Institute's Los Angeles office.

Cultural impact

Promotion and merchandise
In 2000, American model Michele Merkin portrayed the character in commercials and in-store promotions for the Nintendo 64 game cartridge. In 2001, Blue Box Toys produced a 12-inch action figure based on her appearance in the N64 game. The figure came with several in-game weapons and was available in two looks—one dressed in a body armor suit and the other in a black leather jumpsuit.

Reception
Joanna Dark is among Rare's most well-known characters. In 2007, Tom's Games included her on the list of the 50 greatest female characters in video game history, calling her "all three Charlie's Angels rolled into one" and stating she should be played by Jessica Biel. In 2008, Spike featured Joanna Dark as sixth on their list of "The Top Video Game Vixens", and The Age ranked her as the 20th greatest Xbox character of all time even as her Perfect Dark Zero "may not have been the greatest entry for" her as opposed to the first game for the Nintendo consoles. In 2013, Scott Marley of Daily Record ranked her as the third most attractive female video game character. In 2015, Thanh Niên ranked this "perfect spy" as the fifth most sexy female video game character. The website GamingBolt named Joanna's animated look in Perfect Dark Zero as fifth on their list of "Worst Video Game Character Designs That Were Totally Disliked By Gamers", stating that the change "did nothing for her character".

Entertainment Weekly elected Joanna Dark the 14th coolest videogame character, adding "[w]hen James Bond goes to sleep, he dreams of being Joanna Dark." In 2013, Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly listed her as one of "15 Kick-Ass Women in Videogames", asserting that "Joanna was a standout heroine in a genre that trends, even now, toward hyper-masculinity." Despite this, Joanna was also criticized by Trigger Happy author Steven Poole, who described her character design as "a blatant and doomed attempt to steal the thunder of Lara Croft", and argued that she illustrated the challenges of characterising the protagonists of first-person shooters. Complex considered Joanna one of the greatest heroines in video game history, praising her down-to-earth role in the original game. In 2018, GamesRadar+ editors stated that Joanna was one of their most wanted characters for the crossover fighting video game series Super Smash Bros. In 2021, Chris Morgan of Yardbarker described Joanna as one of "the most memorable characters from old school Nintendo games".

References

Female characters in video games
Female soldier and warrior characters in video games
Fictional American people in video games
Fictional female gunfighters
Fictional female secret agents and spies
Fictional gunfighters in video games
Fictional secret agents and spies in video games
First-person shooter characters
Microsoft protagonists
Perfect Dark
Rare (company) characters
Science fiction video game characters
Video game characters introduced in 2000

Joanna Dark


The common asparagus beetle (Crioceris asparagi) is an important pest of asparagus crops both in Europe and in North America. Asparagus is its only food plant. The beetle is 6.0 mm to 9.5 mm long and slightly elongated. It is metallic blue-black in color with cream or yellow spots on its red-bordered elytra. The larvae are fat gray grubs with dark heads.

The adult beetles and the larvae strip the needle-like leaves off the asparagus fronds, depriving the plants of the ability to photosynthesize and store energy for future years. Additionally, they chew the spears and lay a lot of eggs on them, rendering the crop unusable. The larvae feed on the plants for a few weeks, then drop to the ground to pupate. One year may see two or three generations of the beetle. The adults overwinter in a dormant state underground or in nearby leaf litter.

The parasitic wasp, Tetrastichus coeruleus, occurring mainly in the United States and Europe, can cause up to 71% mortality in the field and has been successfully used for biological control.

Various insecticides (such as carbamates, pyrethroids, spinetoram, and spinosad) can be considered for pest control.

The similar spotted asparagus beetle (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) is also a pest as an adult, feeding on tender shoots and leaves, but since the larvae feed only on the asparagus berries it is not considered to be as important.

References

Criocerinae
Beetles described in 1758
Beetles of Europe
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Common asparagus beetle


Albert Mihajlovič Demčenko (ruski: Альберт Михайлович Демченко, Čusovoj, 27. studenoga 1971.) ruski je sanjkaš koja se natjecao od 1992. godine. Nastupio je na čak sedam Zimskih olimpijskih igara.

Osvojio je prvu medalju na Zimskim olimpijskim igrama u Torinu 2006. godine. Bio je srebrni u muškom pojedinačnom natjecanju. Na svojim šestim Olimpijskim igrama 2010. osvojio je četvrto mjesto.

Albert Demčenko također je osvojio osam medalja na Europskom prvenstvu s četiri zlata (muški pojedinačno: 2006., 2010., mješovito: 2012., 2014.), dva srebra (pojedinačno: 1996., 2008.), i dvije bronce (par: 1996.; mješoviti tim: 2013).

Bio je ukupni svjetski prvak u sanjkanju u muškoj pojedinačnoj konkurenciji u sezoni 2004.-'05.

U prosincu 2017. bio je jedan od jedanaestorice ruskih sportaša kojima je zabranjeno doživotno da nastupaju na Olimpijskim igrama od strane Međunarodnog olimpijskog odbora, nakon dopinga na Zimskim olimpijskim igrama 2014. U siječnju 2018., Tatjana Ivanova i on uspješno su se žalili na ovu odluku i ona je poništena.

Izvori

Ruski športaši
Sanjkaši

Albert Demčenko


An Vanda punctata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Henry Nicholas Ridley. An Vanda punctata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Vanda, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Vanda

Vanda punctata


Michael Joseph Pennington (born 5 September 1970), better known as Johnny Vegas, is an English comedian, actor, writer, and director. He is known for his thick Lancashire accent, husky voice, chunky appearance, angry comedic rants, and use of surreal humour.

Vegas' television roles have included Al in the ITV Digital and PG Tips adverts, Moz in the BBC Three dark comedy Ideal, Geoff Maltby ("The Oracle") in the ITV sitcom Benidorm, and Eric Agnew in the BBC One sitcom Still Open All Hours. He is also a frequent guest on panel shows such as QI and 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown.

Early life
Vegas was born Michael Joseph Pennington on 5 September 1970, in the Thatto Heath area of St Helens, Lancashire. He has an older sister and two older brothers, alongside whom he was brought up as Catholic. At the age of 11, he attended the boarding school and seminary St Joseph's College in Up Holland to train for the priesthood, but came back homesick after four terms.

Whilst competing on Channel 4's festive special The Greatest Snowman (2021), Vegas revealed that he had to play Santa Claus as his father was stuck at work. Vegas was only 13, so knew most of the kids.

Vegas earned a BA in Art and Ceramics from Middlesex University in the Hendon area of London, then returned to his home town and took various odd jobs; he worked in an Argos warehouse, sold boiler insurance door-to-door, packed bottles of Cif in a factory, and was a barman at a local pub. Between 1994 and 1997, he was a member of Cluub Zarathustra, a comedy performance group led by Stewart Lee, Roger Mann, and Simon Munnery.

Career

Television and radio
In 1996, Vegas made his television debut as a contestant on Win, Lose or Draw in the UK under his real name, but made references to the fact he wanted to be a comedian and that his stage name was "Johnny Vegas".
He featured on The Big Breakfast during the programme's final months before it ended in March 2002. His appearance was briefly shown during Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups and BBC Three's Almost Famous 2. Vegas gained a wider audience as a regular member of Shooting Stars. His character was a pitiable sort always nursing a pint of Guinness. In 2001 he appeared on the Weakest Link, in a comedians special and beat Barry Cryer to win the jackpot of £10,200.

In 2002, Vegas starred in the BBC Radio 4 sitcom Night Class, which he co-wrote with Tony Burgess and Tony Pitts, with Dirk Maggs as director. Vegas played a former Butlin's redcoat teaching evening classes in pottery. It was a runner-up for best comedy at the Sony Radio Academy Awards.

He starred in the BBC Three sitcom Ideal as Moz from 2005 to 2011.

In 2005 he played Krook in the BBC adaptation of Dickens' Bleak House.

Between 2007 and 2009, Vegas played Geoff Maltby, aka "The Oracle", in the ITV sitcom Benidorm  and from 2015 to 2017.

In 2012, Vegas played the role of Mr. Croombe in a television adaptation of David Walliams' children's novel Mr Stink.

In 2014, Vegas voiced Fat Baz in the ITV4 animated sitcom Warren United.

In August 2014, Vegas took part in ITV's two-part documentary series Secrets from the Clink. In May 2013, Vegas played the role of Lord Ratspeaker in a BBC radio adaptation of Neil Gaiman's Neverwhere, adapted by Dirk Maggs.

Since 26 December 2013, Vegas has played Wet Eric Agnew in the revived BBC sitcom Still Open All Hours. Vegas has guest presented numerous episodes of Sunday Brunch for Channel 4.

In August 2015, he narrated the four-part series Travel Guides for ITV. In 2016, he took part in ITV's celebrity driving show Drive, hosted by Vernon Kay.

In August 2016, Vegas starred in a one-off comedy pilot called Home From Home, playing the lead role of Neil Hackett. Filmed at Skiddaw View Holiday Park, the episode aired on BBC Two on 30 August 2016. In December 2016 it was announced that Home From Home had been commissioned for a full series to air on BBC One in 2018.

Beginning in September 2019, Vegas has starred as the voice of the title character in the surreal children's animated series The Rubbish World of Dave Spud.

He is a regular panellist on the quiz show QI, having starred in 12 episodes as of 2019.

He has appeared as a guest panellist and team captain on Channel 4's 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown, appearing in 11 episodes. On 9 September 2017 he gained critical acclaim for his long poem about a drunk patron during last calls before bars closing.

Film
In 2003, Vegas played Jackie Symes in the film The Virgin of Liverpool, Alf Prince in the film Cheeky and Trevor in the film Blackball. In 2004, he played Dave in the film Sex Lives of the Potato Men and voiced Uncle Stewart in the film Terkel in Trouble. In 2013, Vegas was the voice of Abu the hamster in the British film The Harry Hill Movie.

Vegas provided the voice for Asbo in the 2018 Aardman Animations film Early Man.

Other projects
Vegas appeared in Joe Orton's The Erpingham Camp at the 2000 Edinburgh Festival. In 2001, Vegas starred as Al in adverts for ITV Digital with a puppet named Monkey (voiced by Ben Miller). In 2007, he reprised the role in adverts for PG Tips tea.

Having achieved fame in entertainment, Vegas received plaudits for his ceramic work. Ceramic Review praised him, leading to a role in Pot Shots (collaborating with Roger Law), a film made for an international gathering of potters. This led to his work being acquired for a collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum and a commission from Old Spice to design a bottle for their aftershave.

In 2014, he directed a music video for Paul Heaton and Jacqui Abbott. That year he also published his autobiography.

In May 2017, it was announced Vegas would be starring in new comedy feature Eaten by Lions opposite Antonio Aakeel and Jack Carroll, directed by Jason Wingard.

Personal life
In August 2002, Vegas married Catherine "Kitty" Donnelly; in a satire of celebrities selling exclusive pictures of their weddings to publications for high prices, he sold pictures of the ceremony to the adult comic Viz for £1. They separated in late-2006 and divorced in 2008. They have one child together. In April 2011, he married Irish television presenter Maia Dunphy in Seville. In January 2015, they announced that they were expecting their first child together. They separated in late-2017, reconciled in November 2018, and separated again some time before April 2020.

Vegas continues to live in his home town of St Helens, and has been outspoken about the pride he takes in it; he is well known for being active in supporting the local community. He fulfilled a lifetime ambition by appearing for St Helens RFC in Keiron Cunningham's testimonial rugby league game, a friendly against Hull FC, in 2005.

In December 2012, Vegas said that he had recently returned to the Roman Catholic faith in which his parents brought him up, and credited the faith for his good upbringing.

In July 2014, Vegas was awarded an honorary doctorate from Edge Hill University.

Vegas is a supporter of the Labour Party and has spoken about his appreciation for the NHS.

Filmography

Film

Television

Radio

References

External links

 Sitting pretty by Miranda Sawyer – The Guardian, 15 May 2005.

1970 births
Living people
20th-century English comedians
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English comedians
21st-century English male actors
Alter egos
Alumni of Middlesex University
Comedians from Lancashire
English male comedians
English male film actors
English male radio actors
English male television actors
English male voice actors
English Roman Catholics
English socialists
Male actors from Lancashire
St Helens R.F.C. players
People with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
English stand-up comedians
People from St Helens, Merseyside

Johnny Vegas


An Dactylodenia vollmannii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl Theodor Maximilian Schulze, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Eduard Peitz. An Dactylodenia vollmannii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dactylodenia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dactylodenia

Dactylodenia vollmannii


A Região de Královec (em checo Královecký Kraj) é uma proposta satírica e meme de internet criada em 2022 pela página site satírica checa Az247.cz, como resposta aos referendos na Ucrânia sob ocupação russa, e a posterior anexação dos territórios do sudeste durante a invasão da Ucrânia de 2022.

Nele, propõe-se a anexação do exclave russo do Oblast de Kaliningrado, como uma nova província checa, a qual receberia a nomenclatura de Královec.

A página sugeriu enviar soldados checos ao óblast, e posteriormente organizar um referendo de adesão, acreditando que já contariam com um resultado favorável de 98%. Desta maneira, o país centro europeu teria acesso ao mar.

Também se fez um apelo para se anexar a Terra de Francisco José, grupo de ilhas no oceano glacial ártico.

Base histórica
Para justificar tal base "histórica", apelaram ao Rei Otakar II de Bohemia, que liderou duas expedições contra os Prussos no século XIII. Posteriormente a Ordem Teutónica fundaria a cidade de Königsberg (actual Kaliningrado), a qual foi nomeada em sua honra e que passaria a ser a capital do Ducado da Prussia.

Referências

Invasão da Ucrânia pela Rússia (2022–presente)
Oblast de Kaliningrado
2022 na Chéquia
Fenômenos da Internet
Sátira

Região de Královec


Video modulation is a strategy of transmitting video signal in the field of radio modulation and television technology. This strategy enables the video signal to be transmitted more efficiently through long distances. In general, video modulation means that a higher frequency carrier wave is modified according to the original video signal. In this way, carrier wave contains the information in the video signal. Then, the carrier will "carry" the information in the form of radio frequency (RF) signal. When carrier reaches its destination, the video signal is extracted from the carrier by decoding. In other words, the video signal is first combined with a higher frequency carrier wave so that carrier wave contains the information in video signal. The combined signal is called radio-frequency signal. At the end of this transmitting system, the RF signals stream from a light sensor and hence, the receivers can obtain the initial data in the original video signal.

There are many application of video modulation:
 Broadcasting music and speech
 Two way radio systems (a radio that can both transmit and receive)
 Aircraft band (radio communication in civil aviation)
 Computer modems (a device that modulates Wi-Fi)
These applications all utilized the efficiency of video modulation in order to minimize costs.

Key Concepts
There are some important concepts needed to be understood in order to fully comprehend the video modulation.

Circuit
Video signals are usually encoded into binary digit (0, 1) or seven digit pulse-code modulation (PCM), which is a method used to digitally represent original video signal. The video signal converted to binary digit PCM at the point of origin can be then transmitted over existing telephone cable or wire directly to the destination. If the distance between origin and destination is too long, a repeater is needed to receive the signal and retransmit it at higher power so that the signal can cover longer distances. The circuit designed for the transmission should gather as many advantages as possible in order to be efficient. In other words, the circuit should be built with high quality and reliability and with minimum cost. The most common cable used to build the circuit is the 51-pair cable. This type of cable is often utilized in house phone because of the low price and good functionality. Also, signals can be transmitted efficiently since the distance between two adjacent repeaters can be  6000 feet rather than only 3000 feet compared to other cable.

Coding
Coding is the process during which the video inputs are transferred into binary digit (0, 1) because digits can be much more easily transmitted. A crystal oscillator is used in coding. It is an electronic oscillator that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal or piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. Inside the crystal oscillator, there is usually a crystal or elastic material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are in a regular order. For example, the quartz is often used in crystal oscillators due to its elasticity. After a crystal is accurately installed, electric field can be distorted by a change in the voltage due to an electrode near or on the crystal. This characteristic is called electrostriction or inverse piezoelectricity. When the video signals are inputted into the oscillators, the crystal with electrodes attaching to it starts to vibrate as a resonator. The crystal's piezoelectric property converts the mechanical vibrations into an oscillating voltage and then the voltage is picked up by the attached electrodes. Thus, the electric field is distorted due to the potential differences between the electrodes. Since the original video signal exists as a time-varying voltage on a wire, the distorted electric field is also time-varying. The changing electric field is converted into waveform, a signal in the shape/form of wave. Finally, the output signals are combined with a carrier wave and transferred into RF signals, then transmitted to the receiver.

Decoding
After the RF signals arrive the destination, the receiver can not obtain the data directly from the RF signals because there are coded and multiplied RF signals existing at the same time. As for the multiple RF signals problem, an electric filter is used. The frequency of each RF signal is usually different from other RF signals. An electronic filter can select only one RF signal on the basis of its carrier frequency, while rejecting all other RF signals. One example of this operation is selecting a channel on a television receiver. With only one RF signal that passes through the electric filter, only the one corresponding video signal is received, with no interference from the other RF signals.

For the coded RF signals, a light sensor is utilized. Generally, a light sensor is a device that detects changes of light in quantities and provides a corresponding output. One application of light sensors is the compensated light sensor system. This system can control the level of light at a workplace. The ratio of the light at the light sensors to the level of controlled light at the workplace is maintained substantially constant as daylight entering the room varies. In decoding process, a light sensor is used to detect the RF signal and then output the decoded signal. In general, the RF signals steamed from electric filters are first converted from binary digit to octal digit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). The octal signals are then detected by the light sensors. The sensors respond by developing corresponding digital, electrical signals which are hence decoded to apprise the viewer of the transmitted message or are applied to external equipment such as a calculator, a computer, a hard copy machine or other devices appropriate for the particular occasion.

Types of video modulation
The types of video modulation can be classified by the way that a carrier wave is combined with video signal. The video signal and carrier wave both exist in waveform and when the carrier wave "carries" the video signal, the shape of carrier wave is changed and the changed carrier wave is the RF signal. Hence, how the shape of carrier wave is changed is the key to classify the types of video modulation.

Amplitude modulation (AM)
Amplitude modulation works by varying the amplitude of the carrier wave according to the bent waveform of original video signal. In other words, when the carrier wave is combined with the video signal, frequency of the combined signal is the same as the frequency of the carrier wave while the amplitude is varied. The picture above can more directly explain how the shape is changed. In the combining process, if the video signal is at its peak (highest amplitude value), the amplitude of the varied carrier wave will be the highest and as for trough (lowest amplitude value), the amplitude of varied carrier wave will be the lowest. In other words, at the point in carrier wave that corresponds to the peak of video signal, the shape of wave will be most bulged and at the point corresponding to the trough, the shape will be most sunk. In fact, the change in amplitude of carrier wave is proportional to the amplitude of the video signal.

Frequency modulation (FM)
In frequency modulation, the carrier wave is combined with video signal by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave (the frequency of wave at a particular point). (Compare with amplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the carrier wave varies, while the frequency remains constant.) From the picture above, if the video signal is at its peak, the instantaneous frequency of carrier wave will increase and as for the trough, the instantaneous frequency will decrease. More visually, the carrier wave becomes densest at the point corresponding to the peak in video signal and thinnest at the point corresponding to the trough.

Applications
Various types of video modulation can be applied in various areas due to their unique advantages and disadvantages.

Application of AM
 Radio or television (broadcasting)
 Aircraft band
AM is applied in these areas because video amplitude modulated signal can be easily coded and decoded since the change in amplitude of the carrier wave and the amplitude of original video signal is proportional. However, amplitude modulation is sensitive to noise and electromagnetic interference. Hence, the AM techniques are mainly utilized in less technical fields that tolerate noise and electromagnetic interference, such as broadcasting.

Application of FM
 Magnetic tape data storage
 VCR systems
FM is applied in these fields because it is less sensitive to the noise and electromagnetic interference and when the data is collected or the signal is recorded, it is really important to minimize the effects of outside interference, such as noise and electromagnetic interference.

See also
TV systems
 NTSC and NTSC-J

Colour encoding systems
 PAL
 SECAM

Connectors
 SCART

References

Radio modulation modes

Video modulation


Praseodym(III)-chlorid ist eine chemische Verbindung aus der Gruppe der Chloride.

Gewinnung und Darstellung
Praseodym(III)-chlorid kann durch Reaktion von Praseodym mit Chlorwasserstoff gewonnen werden.

Die Hydrate können durch Reaktion von Praseodym oder Praseodym(III)-carbonat mit Salzsäure gewonnen werden.

Die wasserfreie Form kann durch thermische Dehydrierung bei 400 °C in Gegenwart von Ammoniumchlorid erhalten werden. Als Alternative kann auch Thionylchlorid verwendet werden.

Eigenschaften

Praseodym(III)-chlorid ist ein hygroskopischer grün-blauer Feststoff, als Heptahydrat grüner Feststoff. Das Anhydrat wandelt sich an Luft schnell in das Heptahydrat um. Er liegt in einem hexagonalen Kristallsystem mit der Raumgruppe  vor. Sein Heptahydrat besitzt eine trikline Kristallstruktur mit der Raumgruppe .

Verwendung
Praseodym(III)-chlorid wird als Laborchemikalie und zur Herstellung anderer chemischer Verbindungen verwendet.

Einzelnachweise

Praseodymverbindung
Chlorid

Praseodym(III)-chlorid


Koenig-Warthausen ist der Familienname von
 Friedrich Karl von Koenig-Warthausen (1906–1986), deutscher Pilot und Gutsherr
 Richard von König-Warthausen (1830–1911), deutscher Naturforscher
 Wilhelm von König-Warthausen (1793–1879), Direktor der Ausstandskommission in Stuttgart

Koenig-Warthausen


يوسف داود (10 مارس 1933 - 24 يونيو 2012 )، ممثل مصري.

عن حياته
مثل في حوالي 40 فيلماً وعدد من المسلسلات التليفزيونية منذ الثمانينيات وحتى وفاته، كما مثل في عدد من المسرحيات. تخرج من كلية الهندسة قسم كهرباء عام 1960 وعمل مهندساً ثم تفرغ للفن عام 1985 بعد أن التحق بالدراسات الحرة لمدة عام كانت البداية في مسرحية «زقاق المدق» من أعماله في التليفزيون:«السوق» «وكسبنا القضية» «الدش والمش» تنوعت ادواره من الكوميدية إلى دور ضابط الشرطة ورب الأسرة، لقب بمهندس الضحك. كما أن اشتهر في الطبع الكوميدي.

أفلام
 زوج تحت الطلب (فؤاد المهندس وعادل أمام وليلى علوي) 1985
 كراكون في الشارع (عادل إمام ويسرا) 1986
 النمر والأنثى 1987
 السادة الرجال
 سمك لبن تمر هندي 1988
 بطل من ورق
 التحدي 1990
 كابوريا
 سيداتي آنساتي
 الملك لله
 حنفي الأبهة (عادل إمام وهدى رمزي)
 الشيطانة التي أحبتني
 الذل (ليلى علوي، أحمد بدير ويحيى الفخراني)
 اقتل مراتي ولك تحياتي
 سمارة الأمير 1992
 خلي بالك من عزوز
 اللقاء الدامي
 الفضيحة
 الإرهاب والكباب
 الكنز 1993
 أرض الأحلام
 الظالم والمظلوم
 لولاكي
 الحقيقة اسمها سالم 1994
 Legend of the Lost Tomb (فيلم أمريكي من بطولة ستاسي كيتش وبروك بيرس وإخراج جوناثان وينفري) 1997
 فرقة بنات وبس 2000
 عليه العوض 2001
 إتفرج يا سلام (فيلم) 2001
 صعيدي رايح جاي
 55 اسعاف
 أمير الظلام 2002
 فيلم هندي 2003
 واحد كابوتشينو 2005
 ليلة سقوط بغداد
 زكي شان
 الحاسة السابعة
 عمارة يعقوبيان 2006
 ظرف طارق
 الغواص
 أيامنا الجاية 2007
 كده رضا 2007
 في شقة مصر الجديدة
 كابتن هيما
 حسن ومرقص 2008
 عسل إسود مع أحمد حلمى
 بوبوس 2009 مع عادل امام ويسرى. مرجان احمد مرجان 2005

مسلسلات
 رياح الشرق
 أنا وأنت وبابا في المشمش 1989
 حكايات زوج معاصر
 جحا المصري
 خليها على الله
 أحلام في البوابة
 أشباح المدينة
 7 شارع السعادة
 أين قلبي
 رست هاوس
 شط إسكندرية 2008
 تامر وشوقية
 يوميات ونيس
 نعم مازلت آنسة 2010
 عائلة مجنونة جدا
 عبودة ماركة مسجلة
 ابن الأرندلي
 عصابة بابا وماما
 الزناتي مجاهد
 شباب رايق جدا
 رأفت الهجان
 أشباح المدينة 2006
وكسبنا القضية مسلسل

مسرحيات
 الواد سيد الشغال مع عادل إمام
 المليونير الصعلوك
 الزعيم مع عادل إمام
 مراتي زعيمة عصابة
 الواد ضبش عامل لبش مع محمد نجم
 بودي جارد مع عادل إمام
 شاهد ما شفش حاجة مع عادل امام
 مراتي زعيمة عصابة مع سمير غانم

دبلجة
 بينوكيو دور صاحب مسرح العرائس سترومبولي
 قصص الإنسان في القرآن

انظر أيضا

 قائمة باسماء مشاهير الاقباط

روابط خارجية

المراجع

أقباط
خريجو جامعة الإسكندرية
مصريون من أصل قبطي
ممثلو أفلام مصريون
ممثلو تلفزيون مصريون
ممثلو مسرح مصريون
مواليد 1351 هـ
مواليد 1357 هـ
مواليد 1933
مواليد 1938
مواليد في الإسكندرية
وفيات 1433 هـ
وفيات 2012

يوسف داود (ممثل)


Ciclohexanona este un compus organic cu formula (CH2)5CO. Este un compus ciclic format din șase atomi de carbon, conținând și o grupă carbonil de tip cetonă. Cu timpul, probele de ciclohexanonă devin galbene, din cauza oxidării. Este slab solubilă în apă și miscibilă în solvenți organici comuni. Miliarde de kilograme de ciclohexanonă sunt produse anual, în majoritatea cazurilor ca precursor pentru nailon.

Utilizări
Majoritatea cantității de ciclohexanonă produsă este consumată ca și precursor pentru nailon de tipul 6,6 și 6. Aproximativ jumătate din cantitatea mondială este transformată în acid adipic, plecându-se de la ciclohexanonă și ciclohexanol, cel din urmă fiind oxidat cu acid azotic. Restul de ciclohexanonă, mai mult de un miliard de kilograme anual, este transformată în oxima corespunzătoare. În prezența acidului sulfuric ca și catalizator, oxima suferă o rearanjare moleculară, dând amidă ciclică numită caprolactamă:

Vezi și
 Ciclohexanol
 Ciclohexan
 Caprolactamă
 Ciclopentanonă

Referințe

Cetone

Ciclohexanonă


Die 22. Skeleton-Weltmeisterschaft fand vom 13. bis 26. Februar 2012 in Lake Placid, Vereinigte Staaten statt. Sie wurde parallel zur Bob-Weltmeisterschaft 2012 ausgetragen. Nach 1997 und 2009 ist Lake Placid zum dritten Mal Gastgeber der Skeletonweltmeisterschaft.

Als Austragungsort wurde am 9. Juni 2008 ursprünglich St. Moritz durch den in Chianciano Terme abgehaltenen Kongress des Internationalen Bob- und Schlittenverbandes (FIBT) gewählt. Am 31. Mai 2009 wurde am FIBT-Kongress in Moskau die Bob-Weltmeisterschaft 2013 an Lake Placid vergeben. Die Austragungsorte wurden jedoch im September 2010 ausgetauscht. Der Wechsel erfolgte aus Kostengründen, da am Ende der Saison 2012/13 eine Trainingswoche auf der Olympiastrecke in Krasnaja Poljana geplant ist und aus der Schweiz wesentlich geringere Transportaufwände anfallen.

Ergebnisse

Frauen

Datum: 23. Februar 2012

Männer

Datum: 24. Februar 2012

Mannschaft

Datum: 19. Februar 2012

Die Mannschaften bestanden aus je einem männlichen und einem weiblichen Skeletonpiloten sowie je einem männlichen und einem weiblichen Zweierbobteam. Zuerst startete der männliche Skeletonpilot, dann das Frauenbobteam, danach die weibliche Skeletonpilotin und als Abschluss das Bobteam der Männer. Es wurde jeweils nur ein Lauf ausgefahren, die vier Einzelläufe zu einem Gesamtergebnis addiert.

Das Team  II war gemeldet, ging aber nicht an den Start.

Weblinks
 Homepage des Weltverbandes
 Frauen Skeleton Ergebnis
 Männer Skeleton Ergebnis
 Mannschaft Ergebnis

Einzelnachweise

2012
Sportveranstaltung 2012
Sportveranstaltung in Lake Placid
Skeleton (Vereinigte Staaten)

Skeleton-Weltmeisterschaft 2012


أبراج الإمارات هي مجمع يحتوي على فندق جميرا أبراج الإمارات وبرج مكتب الإمارات. يرتفع البرجين إلى 355 متر و 309 متر، على التوالي،  وهو المبني رقم 47 على قائمة أطول المباني في العالم.

مراجع

برجان توأمان
عمارة دبي
عمارة فائقة التكنولوجيا
عمارة ما بعد الحداثة في دبي
فنادق في دبي
فنادق ناطحات سحاب في دبي

أبراج الإمارات


Le processus ethmoïdal du cornet nasal inférieur (ou apophyse ethmoïdale du cornet nasal inférieur) est une lamelle osseuse triangulaire verticale sur le bord supérieur du cornet nasal inférieur. Elle rejoint l'apophyse unciforme de l'ethmoïde. A sa base se trouve le processus maxillaire du cornet nasal inférieur.

Références

Crâne

Processus ethmoïdal du cornet nasal inférieur


O Massacre de Moura ocorreu entre os dias 27 a 31 de março de 2022 durante a Guerra do Mali. Foi perpetrado pelas forças armadas malianas e pelos mercenários russos do Grupo Wagner que assediaram durante cinco dias a localidade de Moura, situada numa zona controlada pelos jihadistas do Grupo de Apoio ao Islã e aos Muçulmanos. No entanto, os jihadistas recuaram sem lutar ou tentar esconder-se entre os civis. A operação então degenerou em um massacre dos habitantes por soldados malianos e mercenários russos, sem distinção entre os civis e os supostos jihadistas.

Moura
Moura
Moura
Guerra Civil do Mali
Grupo Wagner
2022 no Mali

Massacre de Moura