Das VII. Reserve-Korps war ein Großverband der Armee des Deutschen Kaiserreiches.

Geschichte

Mit Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs und bei der Mobilmachung am 2. August 1914 wurde das Korps aufgestellt und kämpfte den gesamten Krieg über an der Westfront.

Das VII. Reserve-Korps war Teil der 2. Armee und marschierte unter dem Kommandierenden General von Zwehl durch das neutrale Belgien es in Frankreich ein. Als Generalstabschef fungierte Oberstleutnant Hans Hesse, die zu Kriegsbeginn unterstellte 13. Reserve-Division führte Generalleutnant von Kühne, die 14. Reserve-Division befehligte Generalleutnant von Unger. Zwischen 8. und 12. August wurden die Truppen im Raum Horrem-Buir-Düren versammelt und der 2. Armee in zweiter Linie nachgeführt. Am 14. August schlossen die Truppen bis zur Ourthe auf, am 16. August wurde Lüttich und Herve erreicht. Am 22. August zog das Korps die 14. Reserve-Division nach Gembloux nach und löste nördlich der Sambre die kurzfristig zurückgelassene 1. Garde-Division an der Westfront der Festung Namur ab. Während die 13. Reserve-Division noch im Raum Lüttich stand, erhielt das Korps am 24. August Befehl mit der 14. Reserve-Division nach Binche weiterzumarschieren um das VII. Armee-Korps vor Maubeuge zu verstärken. Nach der Ablösung des Generals von Einem übernahm Generalleutnant von Zwehl am 27. August die oberste Führung der Einschließung der Festung. Der Hauptangriff richtete sich gegen die Nordostfront, die Einleitung des Beschusses durch schwerste Artillerie brachte Maubeuge schließlich am 8. September zur Kapitulation, es gab 45.000 Gefangene und 400 Geschütze wurden eingebracht. Nach dem Fall der Festung wurde das freigewordene VII. Reserve-Korps in Gewaltmärschen über St. Quentin zur Verstärkung der schwer bedrängten deutschen Hauptmacht herangeführt und der in die Aisneschlacht eingeschobenen 7. Armee unterstellt. Noch in der Nacht zum 13. September wurden die vordersten Teile des VII. Reserve-Korps aus Gegend südöstlich Laon kommend auf die Höhen des Chemin des Dames vorgezogen um den Angriff der Briten zu stoppen. Ohne das rechtzeitige Eintreffen von Zwehl und seiner Truppen hätte ein Durchbruch der Entente zwischen der deutschen 1. und 2. Armee nicht verhindert werden können. Das Korps rang um Hochfläche von Montherauld, wurde auf die Ailette zurückgedrängt, hielt aber die Linie zwischen Courtencon und Craonne, wo auch das  aus Lothringen herangezogene XV. Armee-Korps in die Abwehrkämpfe eingriff.

Es folgte ein einjähriger Stellungskrieg an der Aisne, bevor das Korps Ende September 1915 an die östliche Maasfront zur 5. Armee überstellt wurde. Am 21. Februar 1916 begann der Angriff deutscher Truppen auf die Festung Verdun, das Korps war zusammen mit dem III. und XVIII. Armee-Korps am ersten Hauptstoß beteiligt und trat zwischen den Dörfern Consenvoye und Flabas nach Süden an. Angriffsziel des Korps waren die Höhenlinie auf dem Haumont und die Säuberung des Geländeabschnitts zwischen Maas und Haumont-Wald. Nach fünfstündigem Kampf fiel der Bois d'Haumont in deutsche Hände, bis 24. Februar auch das Dorf Samogneux. Nach wenigen Tagen rannte der Angriff aber am Côte-Talou vor der Nordfront Verduns am französischen Widerstand völlig fest. Am 24. Oktober 1916 musste die am linken Flügel des Korps unterstellte 25. Reserve-Division den Raum beidseitig von Thiaumont vor französischen Gegenangriffen wieder aufgeben.

Bereits am 17. September 1916 hatte General der Infanterie von Soden die Führung des Korpskommandos übernommen, das Mitte Dezember im Raum Louvemont und Bezonvaux eingesetzt wurde. Im Frühjahr 1917 stand das Korps im Abschnitt der 3. Armee in Stellungskämpfen in der Champagne. Während der Zweiten Aisneschlacht wurde das Generalkommando ab 16. April 1917 als "Gruppe Reims" bezeichnet und am 28. Mai wieder dem von der Sommefront an die östliche Aisnefront herübergezogenen A.O.K. 1. unterstellt. Ab Ende August 1917 führte Generalleutnant von Garnier während der Stellungskämpfe bei Reims das Korpskommando und wurde in dieser Position ab Anfang Dezember durch Generalleutnant Wellmann abgelöst.

Im Zuge der deutschen Angriffe in der Frühjahrsoffensive 1918 versuchte die "Gruppe Wellmann" ab 27. Mai 1918 die westlicher stehende breiträumig angesetzte 7. Armee in der Angriffsschlacht zwischen Soissons und Reims in der Dritten Aisneschlacht zu unterstützen.
Kurz vor der am 18. Juli losbrechenden französischen Gegenoffensive im Marnebogen hatte Generalleutnant von Lindequist das Kommando übernommen. Bei den Abwehrkämpfen gegenüber der französischen 5. Armee (Berthelot) vor Reims war dem Kommando die 238. Infanterie-Division, 242. und die Bay. 8. Reserve-Division zugeteilt. Nach dem im September eingeleiteten Rückzug auf die Hunding-Stellung wurde kurzfristig der Suippe-Abschnitt beiderseits Bazancourt besetzt. Anfang Oktober etablierte sich das Korpskommando in der Brunhild Stellung am nördlichen Aisneufer im Raum Château-Porcien und westlich Rethel. Dabei waren dem Korpskommando die 1. und 242. Infanterie-Division, sowie die Bay. 8. und 50. Reserve-Division zugeteilt. Teile der neu unterstellten 17. Infanterie-Division rangen Ende Oktober bei Vouziers. Nach dem Rückzug auf die Antwerpen-Maas-Stellung erfolgte nach dem Waffenstillstand im November 1918 die Räumung der letzten besetzten Gebiete.

Gliederung
Das Korps war bei Kriegsbeginn der 2. Armee unterstellt und wie folgt gegliedert:

 13. Reserve-Division
 25. Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade
 28. Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade
 Reserve-Husaren-Regiment Nr. 5
 Reserve-Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 13
 4. Kompanie/Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 7
 14. Reserve-Division
 37. Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade
 39. Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade
 Reserve-Husaren-Regiment Nr. 8
 Reserve-Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 14
 1. und 2. Reserve-Kompanie/1. Rheinisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 8

Kommandierender General

Literatur
 Reichsarchiv (Hrsg.): Der Weltkrieg 1914–1918. Band 1: Die Grenzschlachten im Westen. Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1925, S. 671.

Einzelnachweise

Reserve #:7

VII. Reserve-Korps (Deutsches Kaiserreich)


بلدية هيريرا ديل دوكوي , هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة بطليوس, التي تقع في منطقة إكستريمادورا, والتي تقع في غرب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 3.836 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2002).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في بطليوس
بلديات بطليوس

هيريرا ديل دوكوي


Farhud () foi o pogrom ou "despossessão violenta" realizado contra a população judaica de Bagdá, Iraque, de 1 a 2 de junho de 1941, imediatamente após a vitória britânica na Guerra Anglo-Iraquiana. Os distúrbios ocorreram em um vácuo de poder após o colapso do governo pró-nazista de Rashid Ali, enquanto a cidade estava em estado de instabilidade. A violência veio imediatamente após a rápida derrota de Rashid Ali pelas forças britânicas, cujo golpe anterior gerou um curto período de euforia nacional, e foi alimentada por alegações de que judeus iraquianos ajudaram os britânicos. Mais de 180 judeus foram mortos e 1 000 feridos, embora alguns desordeiros não judeus também tenham sido mortos na tentativa de reprimir a violência. Houve saques de propriedades judaicas e 900 casas judaicas foram destruídas.

O Farhud ocorreu durante o feriado judaico de Shavuot. Foi referido como um pogrom que fez parte do Holocausto, embora tal comparação tenha sido contestada.  O evento estimulou a migração de judeus iraquianos para fora do país, embora uma conexão direta com o êxodo judeu do Iraque de 1951-2 também seja contestada, como muitos judeus que deixaram o Iraque imediatamente após o Farhud retornaram ao país e a emigração permanente não acelerou significativamente até 1950-51. De acordo com Hayyim Cohen, o Farhud "foi o único [tal evento] conhecido pelos judeus do Iraque, pelo menos durante seus últimos cem anos de vida lá". O historiador Edy Cohen escreve que até o Farhud, os judeus desfrutavam de condições relativamente favoráveis e coexistência com os muçulmanos no Iraque.

Fundo

Comunidade Judaica do Iraque
Houve muitos casos de violência contra os judeus durante sua longa história no Iraque, bem como numerosos decretos promulgados ordenando a destruição de sinagogas no Iraque, e algumas conversões forçadas ao Islã.

Independência do Iraque
Depois que o Império Otomano foi derrotado na Primeira Guerra Mundial, a Liga das Nações concedeu o mandato do Iraque à Grã- Bretanha. Depois que o rei Ghazi, que herdou o trono de Faisal I, morreu em um acidente de carro em 1939, a Grã-Bretanha instalou 'Abd al-Ilah como regente do Iraque.

Em 1941, os cerca de 150 000 judeus iraquianos desempenhavam papéis ativos em muitos aspectos da vida iraquiana, incluindo agricultura, bancos, comércio e burocracia governamental.

O Iraque na Segunda Guerra Mundial
O nacionalista iraquiano Rashid Ali al-Gaylani foi nomeado primeiro-ministro novamente em 1940 e tentou se aliar às potências do Eixo para remover a influência britânica restante no país.

Grande parte da população manteve sentimentos anti-britânicos significativos desde a revolta iraquiana de 1920, embora a população judaica fosse vista como pró-britânica durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, contribuindo para a separação das comunidades muçulmana e judaica.

Além disso, entre 1932 e 1941, a embaixada alemã no Iraque, chefiada pelo Dr. Fritz Grobba, apoiou significativamente os movimentos antissemitas e fascistas. Intelectuais e oficiais do exército foram convidados para a Alemanha como convidados do partido nazista, e material anti-semita foi publicado nos jornais. A embaixada alemã comprou o jornal Al-alam Al-arabi ("O mundo árabe") que publicou, além da propaganda anti-semita, uma tradução de Mein Kampf em árabe. A embaixada alemã também apoiou o estabelecimento da Al-Fatwa, uma organização juvenil baseada no modelo da Juventude Hitlerista.

Eventos anteriores ao Farhud

O golpe da Praça Dourada

Em 1941, um grupo de oficiais iraquianos pró-nazistas, conhecidos como "Praça Dourada" e liderados pelo general Rashid Ali, derrubou o regente Abdul Ilah em 1º de abril, após realizar um golpe bem-sucedido. O golpe teve apoio popular significativo, particularmente em Bagdá. O historiador Orit Bashkin escreve que "todos, aparentemente, ansiavam pela saída dos britânicos após duas longas décadas de interferência nos assuntos iraquianos".

Ações anti-semitas anteriores ao Farhud
Sami Michael, uma testemunha do Farhud, testemunhou: "A propaganda antissemita foi transmitida rotineiramente pela rádio local e pela Rádio Berlim em árabe. Vários slogans antijudaicos foram escritos nas paredes a caminho da escola, como "Hitler estava matando os germes judeus". Lojas de propriedade de muçulmanos tinham 'muçulmano' escrito nelas, para que não fossem danificadas no caso de distúrbios antijudaicos".

Farhud (1 a 2 de junho de 1941)
De acordo com o governo iraquiano e fontes históricas britânicas, a violência começou quando uma delegação de judeus iraquianos chegou ao Palácio das Flores (Qasr al Zuhur) para se encontrar com o regente Abdullah, e foram atacados no caminho por uma multidão árabe iraquiana ao atravessar a ponte Al Khurr. A desordem civil árabe iraquiana e a violência se espalharam rapidamente para os distritos de Al Rusafa e Abu Sifyan, e pioraram no dia seguinte, quando elementos da polícia iraquiana começaram a se juntar aos ataques à população judaica, envolvendo lojas pertencentes a ela sendo incendiadas e uma sinagoga sendo destruída.

No entanto, o prof. Zvi Yehuda sugeriu que o evento que desencadeou o tumulto foi uma pregação antijudaica na mesquita Jami-Al-Gaylani, e que a violência foi premeditada e não uma eclosão espontânea.

Vítimas
O número exato de vítimas é incerto. Com relação às vítimas judias, algumas fontes dizem que cerca de 180 judeus iraquianos foram mortos e cerca de 240 ficaram feridos, 586 empresas de judeus foram saqueadas e 99 casas judias foram destruídas. Outros relatos afirmam que quase 200 foram mortos e mais de 2.000 feridos, enquanto 900 casas de judeus e centenas de lojas de judeus foram destruídas e saqueadas. O Babylonian Jewry Heritage Center, com sede em Israel, sustenta que, além de 180 vítimas identificadas, cerca de outras 600 não identificadas foram enterradas em uma vala comum. Zvi Zameret, do Ministério da Educação de Israel, diz que 180 pessoas foram mortas e 700 ficaram feridas. Bashkin escreve que "um elemento constante que aparece na maioria dos relatos do Farhud é uma narrativa relativa a um bom vizinho [. . . ] A julgar pelas listas de judeus mortos, parece que os judeus em bairros mistos tinham uma chance melhor de sobreviver aos distúrbios do que aqueles em áreas uniformemente judaicas". De acordo com documentos descobertos no Arquivo Judaico Iraquiano, mais de 1 000 judeus foram assassinados ou desaparecidos.

Quando as forças leais ao regente entraram para restaurar a ordem, muitos desordeiros foram mortos. O Relatório da Comissão Iraquiana observou que: "Depois de algum atraso, o Regente... providenciou o envio de tropas para assumir o controle... Não houve mais tiros sem objetivo para o ar; suas metralhadoras varreram as ruas das pessoas e rapidamente pararam os saques e tumultos."  O embaixador britânico observou que o segundo dia foi mais violento que o primeiro e que "as tropas iraquianas mataram tantos desordeiros quanto os desordeiros mataram judeus".  O Relatório da Comissão Iraquiana estimou o número total de judeus e muçulmanos mortos em 130. Eliahu Eilat, um agente da Agência Judaica estimou 1.000 como o número total de judeus e muçulmanos que morreram, com outras contas semelhantes estimando 300-400 desordeiros mortos pelo exército do regente.

Consequências

Resposta monarquista iraquiana
Dentro de uma semana dos tumultos, em 7 de junho, o governo monarquista iraquiano restabelecido criou um Comitê de Inquérito para investigar os eventos.

O governo monarquista agiu rapidamente para suprimir os partidários de Rashid Ali. Como resultado, muitos iraquianos foram exilados e centenas foram presos. Oito homens, entre eles oficiais e policiais do Exército iraquiano, foram legalmente condenados à morte em consequência da violência do recém-criado governo iraquiano pró-britânico.

Comemorações
Um monumento, chamado Oração, localizado em Ramat Gan, é em memória dos judeus que foram mortos no Iraque durante o Farhud e na década de 1960.

1 de junho de 2015 foi o primeiro Dia Internacional da Farhud nas Nações Unidas.

Veja também

 Islamismo e antissemitismo

Referências

Iraque na Segunda Guerra Mundial
Assassinatos em massa
Holocausto
História do Iraque
História de Bagdá
Conflitos em 1941
1941 no Iraque
Massacres no Iraque
Teatro do Oriente Médio na Segunda Guerra Mundial
Crimes de guerra na Segunda Guerra Mundial

Farhud


Golden Corral est une chaîne américaine de restaurants connue pour ses buffets à volonté et ses grillades.

Fondée en 1973, son siège social est situé à Raleigh. L'entreprise compte près de .

Chaîne de restaurants
Entreprise ayant son siège à Raleigh
Entreprise fondée en 1973

Golden Corral


Danguolė Martinkienė (* 10. Oktober 1965 in Ringuvėnai, Rajongemeinde Šiauliai) ist eine litauische Politikerin, ehemalige Vizebürgermeisterin von Šiauliai.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur an der Mittelschule Kuršėnai absolvierte Danguolė Martinkienė 1984 das Technikum in Gruzdžiai und 1989 ein Studium an der Lietuvos veterinarijos akademija in Kaunas und wurde Zooingenieurin. Sie arbeitete als stellvertretende Direktorin im Unternehmen UAB "Senoji smuklė" und von 2008 bis 2011 als Beraterin des Bürgermeisters von Šiauliai. Seit 2007 ist sie Mitglied im Rat der Stadtgemeinde Šiauliai. Vom April 2011 bis zum April 2015 war sie stellvertretende Bürgermeisterin von Šiauliai.

Martinkienė ist Mitglied von Darbo partija.

Martinkienė ist geschieden und hat Kinder Greta sowie Arminas.

Weblinks
 Leben

Stellvertretender Bürgermeister (Šiauliai)
DP-Mitglied (Litauen)
Person (Kuršėnai)
Litauer
Frau
Geboren 1965
Absolvent der Litauischen Veterinärakademie
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Sowjetbürger

Danguolė Martinkienė


بلدية بني أردة أو (نقحرة: بينايأردا) , هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة لقنت. جنوب شرق إسبانيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها 208 نسمة.

مراجع

أماكن ذات اسم عربي الأصل في شبه الجزيرة الإيبيرية
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة لقنت
بلديات لقنت
بلديات مقاطعة بلنسية

بينايأردا


160512 Franck-Hertz este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
160512 Franck-Hertz este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Tautenburg de Freimut Börngen și Lutz Dieter Schmadel. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,64 ua, o excentricitate de 0,29 și o înclinație de 3,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 160001-161000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1990
Centura de asteroizi

160512 Franck-Hertz


Regatul himiarit sau Himyar (în arabă:مملكة حِمْيَر Mamlakat Himyar) a fost un regat sud-arabic din Yemenul antic, care a existat între 110 î.Hr- 520 d.Hr.
Grecii și romanii îl numeau Regatul Homerit.
Capitala sa era orașul antic Zafar, cu cetatea Raydan aflată la 2.800 m înălțime, la circa 14 km sud-est de actualul oraș Yarim. Hiamariții au cucerit treptat regiunile din jur - Saba pentru prima dată pe la 25 î.Hr, apoi Qataban pe la 200 d.Hr., și Hadramautul prin anul 300. După multe alternări de putere, prin anul 280 Regatul Saba a fost cucerită de ei definitiv.
În 525 regatul a căzut sub loviturile invadatorilor etiopieni creștini din Aksum.

După P.Hitti, himiariții erau triburi înrudite cu sabeenii și în cele din urmă au moștenit de la mineo-sabeeni cultura lor și comerțul
Limba lor  era practic similară cu cea a sabeenilor și a mineenilor.
Pliniu s-a referit la agricultura în aceste regiuni, afirmații care au fost confirmate de digurile și cisternele menționate în inscripții.S-au găsit și urmele unui intens comerț cu tămâie.

Istoria

Ascensiunea regatului himiarit

Himiariții s-au stabilit deja in secolul al V-lea î.Hr. în zona de graniță dintre Qataban și Hadramaut. Probabil că în primul secol I d.Hr. uniunea triburilor Himiar din Munții Yemenului a obținut independența față de  Qataban,
Perioada himiarită, a cărei datare s-a stabilit după găsirea de inscripții ale regatului sabeo-himiarit, a început prin 110 î.Hr. Capitala lui era Zafar.
Deoarece noul regat se afla inițial mai la distanță de Drumul mirodeniilor, el s-a extins spre coastă, pentru a putea controla comerțul maritim la ieșirea din Marea Roșie. După Kenneth A.Kitchen, la începutul secolului I d.Hr.regatele Saba și Himiar s-au unit pe cale pașnică.Această uniune s-a destrămat, însă, dupa Kitchen, pe la 140 d.Hr. În următoarele decenii Saba și Himiar s-a aflat mai mult în relații de ostilitate, iar bătălia de la Hurmatum din 248/249 nu s-a terminat prin victoria decisivă a niciuneia dintre părți. Prin anii 260-270 Himiarul a reușit să-și manifeste superioritatea în raport cu Saba și a luat iarăși ființă un regat sabeo-himiarit, a cărui capitală a rămas la Zafar. Prin 275 și teritoriul Qatabanului a căzut în întregime sub dominația himiarita. Regii din Zafar se puteau de acum declara "Regi ai Sabei, ai Dhu Raydan, Hadramaut și Yamanat". Prin Dhu Raydan se înțelegea reședința suveranilor din Zafar.
La începutul domniei sale, în anul 275 regele Yasser Yuhan'im i-a izgonit pe etiopienii aksumi'i din Tihama, care stăpâneau acolo de câteva secole.

Departe de regatele sud-arabice, împărații sasanizi ai Persiei, care, în anul 224, luaseră locul parților, au început să avanseze planuri hegemoniste pe cuprinsul Asiei anterioare și al Peninsulei arabice.În cele din urmă perșii sasanizi au ajuns până în  Himiar.

Trecerea la monoteism

În prima jumătate a secolului al IV-lea a apărut prima oară în inscripțiile himiarite mențiunea lui "Ilan, Stăpânul Cerului"
Aceasta vestea tranziția în Himiar la forme de monoteism, care spre finele secolului al IV-lea  au devenit prezente și în forurile conducătoare statale.
O altă inscripție din invoca pe Ayman, "Stăpânul Vieții și al Morții, Stăpânul Cerului și al Pământului, care le-a creat pe toate"
Ulterior, în veacul al V-lea, în locul lui Ilan au apărut numele a unui Dumnezeu numit Ilahan, iar ulterior Rahmanan,
Regatul himiarit a ajuns la apogeu în prima jumătate a secolului al V-lea, în timpul domniei lui Abukarib Assad. Prin campaniile sale până la Iathrib, influenta Hiamarului s-a extins nu numai în sudul dar și într-o mare parte din vestul Arabiei.
În continuare răscoale ale beduinilor însoțesc decăderea vechilor centre comerciale ale Drumului Mirodeniilor. Înălțimile Yemenului cu marile lui cantități de precipitații și agricultura lor dezvoltată capătă în acei ani o mare însemnătate în economia regatului.

Între Etiopia și Persia
La începutul secolului al VI-lea viața himiariților a fost dominată de conflictul dintre partidele care simpatizau cu creștinismul, legate de Regatul Axum din Etiopia și cele care susțineau autonomia. Domnia lui Maʿdīkarib Yaʿfur a fost caracterizată de prevalența taberei creștine pro-etiopiene.
Yusuf Asʾar Yathʾar, care a ajuns pe tronul regatului în jurul anului 522, în urma unei rebeliuni, și care susținea cauza partidei autonomiste, s-a convertit la iudaism, probabil, pentru a sublinia poziția Iemenului ca putere independentă. La scurtă vreme după luarea puterii, Yusuf a pornit războiul împotriva
regatului creștin al Axumului, în cursul căruia el a prigonit pe etiopienii și pe creștinii din regat.

În anul 525 negusul etiopian Ella Asbeha a organizat o expediție militară în Himyar, în cursul căreia Yusuf As'ar Yath'ar a fost ucis, iar in locul său a fost înscăunat un vasal al etiopienilor, Sumyafa Ashwa, deoarece axumiților le era mai lesne să guverneze prin intermediul unui localnic decât în mod direct.
Acesta din urma a fost in cele din urma detronat în jurul anilor 530 de către Abraha, un general etiopian, în circumstanțele unei răscoale.
Prin anul 535 Abraha s-a proclamat independent de Imperiul Axumit și a ales Sanaa drept capitală.În acest fel, el a depășit izolarea politică-geografică ce caracteriza Zafarul, s-a detașat de tradiția himyarită de până atunci și a profitat de înflorirea cetătii Sanaa care era un animat centru de pelerinaj.

În jurul anului 570 urmași ai elitei himyarite au apelat la Perșii Sasanizi și le-a cerut să-i ajute în a-i izgoni pe etiopieni.
În anii 575-576 Sasanizii au intervenit în Yemen și au transformat Himyarul într-un protectorat persan.După ce în 597 a murit Saif ibn Dhi Yazan, ultimul vasal himyarit al Sasanizilor, aceștia au trecut la conducerea directă a teritoriului, transformându-l în provincie persană.

În acea perioadă tulbure, după ultima spargere a digului de la Ma'rib, acest oraș a fost abandonat definitiv.

Lista regilor din Himyar
Tabelul următor cuprinde pe regii din Himyar, după o cercetare a lui Kitchen din 1994:

Lectură suplimentară
Iwona Gajda: Le royaume de Ḥimyar à l'époque monothéiste. L'histoire de l'Arabie ancienne de la fin du ive siècle de l'ère chrétienne jusqu'à l'avènement de l'Islam. Paris 2009

Regate antice

Regatul himiarit


An Cyperus vestitus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ferdinand von Hochstetter ngan Christian Ferdinand Friedrich von Krauss. An Cyperus vestitus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyperus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cyperus

Cyperus vestitus


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Licince enthält die drei nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützten Objekte in der Gemeinde Mokrá Lúka im Okres Revúca.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

!
Mokra Luka

Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Mokrá Lúka


අදිති රාඕ හයිදරි (උපත 1986 ඔක්තෝම්බර් 28) ඉන්දියානු නිළියකවේ. ඇය ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් හින්දි හා දෙමළ භාෂා චිත්‍රපටවල දැකගත හැකිවේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

1986 උපත්
සිනමාව
ඉන්දියානු සිනමාව

අදිති රාඕ හයිදරි


ضاحية سيباليويني هي اٍحدى ضواحي سورينام، ليس للضاحية عاصمة محلية فهي تدار مباشرة من الحكومة في باراماريبو. تضم الضاحية عدة قرى، نذكر: بيتاغرون، أبيتينا، أبويرا، بوكيغرون وغيرها كثير.

يبلغ عدد سكان الضاحية 29.210 نسمة وتقدر مساحتها ب 130.567 كم2 وهي بذلك أكبر من الضواحي التسعة الباقية لسورينام مجتمعة. معظم سيباليويني غير مستخدمة باستثناء الشمال والغرب.

يقول علماء الآثار اٍن الاٍنسان الصائد-القاطف عاش في ما يعرف اليوم بسيباليويني أثناء العصر الحجري القديم.

تركت الضاحية اٍلى حد كبير وحدها أثناء حقبة الاٍستعمار، لأن الهولنديين المسيطرين على سورينام كانو يخشون البرتغاليين الموجودين في البرازيل، وقبل بداية القرن 20 بدأت مشاريع التنمية بالظهور.

شهدت الضاحية حروب بين غيانا وسورينام على طول الحدود بين البلدين.

منتجعات ضاحية سيباليويني

تضم الضاحية 6 منتجعات هي:
 بوفن كوبينام
 بوفن ساراماكا
 بوفن سورينام
 كويرويني
 كاباليبو
 تاباناهوني

مراجع

جغرافيا سورينام
ضواحي سورينام

ضاحية سيباليويني


පෝරස් යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ පෞරවයන්ගේ රජු වූ පෝරස් හා ඔහුගේ ජීවන වෘත්තාන්තයත්, විශේෂයෙන්ම මහා ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර් අධිරාජයාට එදිරිව සිදුකළ හයිඩස්පෙස්හි සටනත් පාදක කොටගෙන තැනූ ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලාවකි. මෙය 2017 නොවැම්බර් 27 දින සිට සෝනි ටීවී ඔස්සේ විකාශය ඇරඹිණි.

මෙම වැඩසටහන නිර්මාණය කරන ලද්දේ ස්වස්තික් ප්‍රොඩක්ෂන්ස්හි සිද්ධාර්ත් කුමාර් තේවාරි විසිනි. ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනියේ වඩාත්ම අධික පිරිවැයක් දරා නිපදවන ලද්දේ යැයි පැවසෙන මෙම කතාමාලාව INR කෝටි 500ක (දළ වශයෙන් ඇ.ඩො. මිලියන 80) වියදමක් දරා නිපදවී යයි කටකථා පැතිරේ.

චරිත නිරූපණය

 ලක්ෂ් ලාල්වානි, පුරුෂෝත්තම්/පුරු/පෝරස් ලෙස, පෞරවයන්ගේ රජ
 රෝහිත් පුරෝහිත්, මහා ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර් අධිරාජයා ලෙස
 සුහානි ධන්කි, ලාචි ලෙස; පෝරස්ගේ භාර්යාවයි
 රතී පාණ්ඩේ, ආනුසුයා රැජින ලෙස; පෝරස්ගේ මෑණියන් ය. අම්භිරාජ් රජුගේ සොයුරියයි.
 ආදිත්‍ය රෙඩිජ්, බාමනී රජු ලෙස; පෝරස්ගේ පියායි
 සමේක්ෂා, ඔලිම්පියාස් රැජින ලෙස; මැසිඩෝනියාවේ රැජිනයි. මහා ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර්ගේ මෑණියන් ය.
 සනී ඝාන්ෂානි, IIවන පිලිප් රජු ලෙස; මැසිඩෝනියාවේ රජුයි. මහා ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර්ගේ පියාණන් ය.
 ප්‍රනීත් භාට්, ඩේරියස් III ලෙස; පර්සියාවේ රජු ය.
රියා දීප්සි, බාර්සීන් කුමරිය ලෙස; IIIවන ඩේරියස්ගේ දියණියයි. මහා ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර්ගේ දෙවන බිසවයි.
ආකාශ් සිං රාජ්පුත්, හෙෆේස්ෂන් ලෙස; මහා ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර්ගේ හොඳම මිතුරායි.
 අමන් ධලිවාල්, අමාත්‍ය ශිව්දත් ලෙස; බාමනීගේ වැඩිමහල් සොහොයුරායි.
 රිෂිකේශ් පාණ්ඩේ, සේනාපති රිපුදාමන් සිං ලෙස; පෞරව රාජධානියේ සේනාපතිවරයායි.
 ආශ්ලේෂා සාවන්ත්, ප්‍රිතා ලෙස; රිපුදාමන් සිංගේ භාර්යාවයි.
 අක්ෂරා සිං, කදීකා රැජින ලෙස; බාමනී රජුගේ දෙවන බිසවයි.
 සාවි ඨාකූර්, කණිෂ්ක් කුමරු ලෙස; බාමනී රජුගේ සහ කදීකා රැජිනගේ පුත්‍රයායි.
 සරේෆාර්, ෆිලිනා රැජින ලෙස; IIවන ෆිලිප් රජුගේ දෙවන බිසවයි.
 අමාද් මින්ටූ, ෆිලිප් III ඇරිඩේයස් ලෙස; ෆිලිප් සහ ෆිලිනාගේ පුත්‍රයායි. මහා ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර්ගේ සුළු සොහොයුරායි.
 ප්‍රාණව් සහේ, සමර් සිං ලෙස; පෞරව රාෂ්ට්‍ර හමුදාවේ සෙන්පතියායි.
 රවීස් ඨාකූර්, සෙලියුකස් I නිකේටර් ලෙස
 නිතින් ජෝෂි, කළු ක්ලෙයිටස් ලෙස
 චන්දන් දිලාවර්, මැසේයස් ලෙස
 විශාල් පට්නි, ෆාරුස් ලෙස; මැසේයස්ගේ පුත්‍රයායි.
 චිරාග් ජානි, අරුණායක් රජු ලෙස; ලාචිගේ පියායි.
 ශ්‍රද්ධා මුසාලේ, මහානන්දිනී රැජින ලෙස; ලාචිගේ මෑණියන් ය.
 රිෂි වර්මා, සුමෙර් කුමරු ලෙස; ලාචිගේ සොහොයුරායි
 මෝහිත් ඒබ්‍රල්, හස්ති කුමරු ලෙස; රිපුදාමන් සහ ප්‍රිතාගේ පුත්‍රයායි.
 ගුර්ප්‍රීත් සිං, අම්භිරාජ් රජ ලෙස; තක්ෂිලාවේ රජුයි.
 වසුන්ධරා කොවුල්, අල්කා රැජින ලෙස; අම්භිරාජ් රජුගේ භාර්‍යාවයි

පිළිගැනීම
මෙම වැඩසටහන 'දෘශ්‍යමය වශයෙන් නතුකරගන්නාසුලු' යැයි ඉන්ඩියා ටුඩේ පුවත්පත පවසයි.

පින්ක්විලා පවසන්නේ මෙය බාහුබලි චිත්‍රපටයේ රූපවාහිනී ප්‍රභේදයක් බවයි.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ සිරස ටීවී නාළිකාව ඔස්සේ සිංහලෙන් හඬකවන ලද මෙම කතාමාලාව දිග්විජය යන තේමාව යටතේ විකාශය වේ.

සම්මාන සහ නිර්දේශ

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

බාහිර සබැඳි
  සඳහා සෝනි LIVහි ඇති තොරතුරු

 පෝරස්සඳහා සෝනි ටීවී තුළ ඇති තොරතුරු

2017 ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා ඇරඹීම්
ඉන්දියානු ඓතිහාසික රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
පුරාතන ඉන්දියාව පසුබිමෙහි නිර්මාණය වූ රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
සෝනි එන්ටර්ටේන්මන්ට් ටෙලිවිෂන් කතාමාලා
මහා ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර්ගේ සංස්කෘතික නිරූපණ

පෝරස් (රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලාව)


Juan Correa puede referirse:

 a Juan Correa de Vivar, pintor español del ;
 a Juan Correa, pintor novohispano;
 a Juan Correa Morales, militar argentino del .

Juan Correa


Die Schematische Kriegsgliederung der Wehrmacht am für das Unternehmen Barbarossa, zeigt die Aufstellung der für den Überfall auf die Sowjetunion vorgesehenen Verbände des Heeres und der Luftwaffe am 22. Juni 1941. Das Heer war in drei Heeresgruppen gegliedert. Die Luftwaffe gliederte sich in drei Luftflotten, die zwar selbstständig waren, aber eng mit der jeweiligen Heeresgruppe zusammenarbeiten sollten. Die Divisionen des Heeres gehörten unterschiedlichen Aufstellungswellen an, wobei die Divisionen der 1. und 2. Aufstellungswelle, personell und materiell am besten ausgestattet waren.

Heer

Heeresgruppe Nord
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generalfeldmarschall Ritter von Leeb
 Chef des Generalstabs: Generalmajor Kurt Brennecke
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Oberstleutnant i. G. Paul Herrmann
 Zuständigkeitsbereich: Baltikum, Nordrussland

18. Armee
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generaloberst Georg von Küchler
 Chef des Generalstabs: Generalmajor Kurt Waeger
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Oberstleutnant i. G. Mauritz Freiherr von Strachwitz

Panzergruppe 4
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generaloberst Erich Hoepner
 Chef des Generalstabs: Oberst i. G. Walter Chales de Beaulieu
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Oberstleutnant i. G. Joachim von Schön-Angerer

16. Armee
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generaloberst Ernst Busch
 Chef des Generalstabs: Oberst i. G. Rolf Wuthmann
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Oberst i. G. Hans Boeckh-Behrens

Reserven

Befehlshaber rückwärtiges Heeresgebiet 101
 Befehlshaber: Generalleutnant Franz von Roques

Heeresgruppe Mitte
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock
 Chef des Generalstabs: Generalmajor Hans von Greiffenberg
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Oberstleutnant i. G. Henning von Tresckow
 Zuständigkeitsbereich: Weißrussland, Zentralrussland

Panzergruppe 3
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generaloberst Hermann Hoth
 Chef des Generalstabs: Oberstleutnant i. G. Walther von Hünersdorff
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Major i. G. Carl Wagener

9. Armee
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generaloberst Adolf Strauß
 Chef des Generalstabs: Oberst i. G. Kurt Weckmann
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Oberst i. G. Edmund Blaurock

4. Armee
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generalfeldmarschall Günther von Kluge
 Chef des Generalstabs: Oberst i. G. Günther Blumentritt
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Oberstleutnant i. G. Horst von Zitzewitz

Panzergruppe 2
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generaloberst Heinz Guderian
 Chef des Generalstabs: Oberst i. G. Kurt Freiherr von Liebenstein
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Oberstleutnant i. G. Fritz Bayerlein

Reserven

Befehlshaber rückwärtiges Heeresgebiet 102
 Befehlshaber: General der Infanterie Max von Schenckendorff

Heeresgruppe Süd
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt
 Chef des Generalstabs: General der Infanterie Georg von Sodenstern
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Oberstleutnant i. G. August Winter
 Zuständigkeitsbereich: Ukraine, Südrussland, Kaukasus

Panzergruppe 1
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generaloberst Ewald von Kleist
 Chef des Generalstabs: Oberst i. G. Kurt Zeitzler
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Major i. G. Ernst Stübichen

6. Armee
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generalfeldmarschall Walter von Reichenau
 Chef des Generalstabs: Oberst i. G. Ferdinand Heim
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Oberst i. G. Helmuth Voelter

17. Armee
 Oberbefehlshaber: General der Infanterie Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel
 Chef des Generalstabs: Oberst i. G. Vincenz Müller
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Oberst i. G. Fritz Wentzell

11. Armee
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generaloberst Eugen von Schobert
 Chef des Generalstabs: Oberst i. G. Otto Wöhler
 1. Generalstabsoffizier: Oberst i. G. Theodor Busse

Reserven

Befehlshaber rückwärtiges Heeresgebiet 103
 Befehlshaber: Generalleutnant Karl von Roques

Reserven des Oberkommandos des Heeres

Luftwaffe

Luftflotte 1
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generaloberst Alfred Keller
 Chef des Generalstabes: Generalmajor Heinz-Hellmuth von Wühlisch
 Zuständigkeitsbereich: Bereich der Heeresgruppe Nord
 Iststärke: 592 Flugzeuge, davon 453 einsatzbereit (66 Aufklärungsflugzeuge, 271 Kampfflugzeuge, 203 Jagdflugzeuge, 62 Transportflugzeuge)

Luftflotte 2
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring
 Chef des Generalstabes: Oberst i. G. Hans Seidemann
 Zuständigkeitsbereich: Bereich der Heeresgruppe Mitte
 Iststärke: 1367 Flugzeuge, davon 994 einsatzbereit (46 Aufklärungsflugzeuge, 299 Kampfflugzeuge, 425 Sturzkampfflugzeuge, 98 Zerstörer, 384 Jagdflugzeuge, 115 Transportflugzeuge)

Luftflotte 4
 Oberbefehlshaber: Generaloberst Alexander Löhr
 Chef des Generalstabes: Generalmajor Günther Korten
 Zuständigkeitsbereich: Bereich der Heeresgruppe Süd
 Iststärke: 887 Flugzeuge, davon 694 einsatzbereit (46 Aufklärungsflugzeuge, 360 Kampfflugzeuge, 366 Jagdflugzeuge, 115 Transportflugzeuge)

Siehe auch
 Schematische Kriegsgliederung der Roten Armee am 22. Juni 1941
 Schematische Kriegsgliederung der Wehrmacht für den Überfall auf Polen
 Schematische Kriegsgliederung der Wehrmacht für den Westfeldzug
 Schematische Kriegsgliederung der Wehrmacht für den Balkanfeldzug
 Schematische Kriegsgliederung der Wehrmacht für die Operation Overlord

Literatur
 Horst Boog, Jürgen Förster, Joachim Hoffmann, Ernst Klink, Rolf-Dieter Müller, Gerd R. Ueberschär: Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, Band 4, Der Angriff auf die Sowjetunion, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-421-06098-3.

Weblinks
 German Army Order of Battle, 22 June 1941 auf niehorster.org

Einzelnachweise

Wehrmacht #1941-06
Wehrmacht
Waffen-SS
Deutsch-Sowjetischer Krieg
Deutsche Militärgeschichte (Zweiter Weltkrieg)
1941

Schematische Kriegsgliederung der Wehrmacht für das Unternehmen Barbarossa


Wet Leg est un groupe britannique de rock indépendant originaire de l'Île de Wight formé en 2018 par les musiciennes Rhian Teasdale et Hester Chambers. Elles se font connaître en 2021 avec le titre Chaise Longue devenu un succès viral. En 2022, le groupe sort son premier album, Wet Leg, qui est un succès critique et commercial.

En 2023, Wet Leg remporte deux Grammy Awards (meilleur album de musique alternative et meilleure prestation de musique indépendante) et deux Brit Awards (meilleur nouvel artiste et meilleur groupe britannique).

Le groupe se caractérise par l'emploi de l'humour et du second degré dans ses chansons et ses clips vidéos.

Histoire du groupe

Formation
Rhian Teasdale et Hester Chambers se sont rencontrées à l'université de l'Île de Wight ou elles suivaient un cursus de musique. Après les études, et pendant dix ans, elles vont jouer ensemble ou séparément dans des projets musicaux locaux (avec le collectif Plastic Mermaids, en solo sous le nom de RHAIN pour Rhian Teasdale) tout en exerçant une activité professionnelle (Hester Chambers travaille dans la boutique de bijoux de ses parents tandis que Rhian Teasdale expérimente plusieurs métiers : vendeuse de glaces, employée dans une patinoire et assistante costumière). L'idée de former ensemble un groupe de rock leur vient après avoir assisté à un concert du groupe Idles pendant le festival End of the Road dans le Wiltshire en 2018. Wet Leg voit ainsi le jour, avec Rhian Teasdale au chant et à la guitare et Hester Chambers à la guitare principale et aux chœurs. Elles trouvent le nom du groupe via un jeu numérique sur téléphone associant des émoticônes : des gouttes d'eau et une jambe ont ainsi donné wet leg (jambe mouillée). Ce nom convenait car, expliquent-elles, c'est aussi la façon dont les insulaires appellent les personnes extérieures à l'île de Wight.

Premiers concerts et succès fulgurant
C'est au Festival de l'ile de Wight, en juin 2019, que le groupe donne son premier concert sur une petite scène dédiée aux espoirs locaux. Pour les concerts, le duo s'entoure d'autres musiciens. Il est actuellement accompagné de Joshua Omead Mobaraki à la guitare et aux claviers, Ellis Durand à la basse et Henry Holmes à la batterie. Par la suite Wet Leg signe un contrat avec Domino Records après l'envoi de démos. Pendant le confinement lié à la pandémie de Covid-19, le duo réalise lui-même le clip de la chanson Chaise Longue, filmé à l'extérieur de la maison de la mère de Hester Chambers. Le single qui sort en juin 2021 est remarqué par les médias et devient un succès viral. Le groupe peut se rendre compte de la popularité inattendue de la chanson lors des festivals auxquels il participe en été, notamment le Latitude Festival à Southwold où le public reprend les paroles qu'il connaît par cœur. Selon l'Official Charts Company, le single totalise au Royaume-Uni en avril 2022 plus de  ventes et  écoutes en streaming.

Le deuxième single, Wet Dream, sort en septembre 2021 et connaît lui aussi le succès auprès du public et de la critique.
Fin novembre 2021, le groupe sort le double single Too Late Now / Oh No et annonce la sortie de son premier album pour le mois d'avril 2022 tandis que les concerts dans différents pays se multiplient.

Wet Leg obtient cinq nominations aux NME Awards 2022 (Meilleure révélation britannique, meilleure révélation dans le monde, meilleure chanson d'un artiste britannique, meilleur chanson au monde et meilleure vidéo, ces trois dernières pour Chaise Longue). Après avoir dévoilé les titres Angelica le , puis Ur Mum le , le duo sort l'album simplement intitulé Wet Leg quatre jours plus tard. Acclamé par la critique, il entre directement à la première place du classement des ventes britannique. Il est également numéro 1 en Australie et se classe dans le top 10 de plusieurs pays. Aux États-Unis, il entre à la  place du Billboard 200. L'album est nommé en juillet pour le Mercury Prize qui récompense le meilleur album britannique ou irlandais de l'année.

Le , l'album est certifié disque d'or au Royaume-Uni pour  exemplaires vendus. Lors de la 65 cérémonie des Grammy Awards, le , le groupe remporte les prix du meilleur album de musique alternative et de la meilleure prestation de musique alternative (pour la chanson Chaise Longue), il est également nommé dans la catégorie meilleur nouvel artiste. Six jours plus tard, le , il est sacré groupe britannique de l'année et meilleur nouvel artiste pendant la 43 cérémonie des Brit Awards où il est aussi nommé dans les catégories meilleur artiste rock/alternatif et meilleur album britannique. À partir du , Wet Leg assure la première partie de plusieurs concerts de la tournée mondiale du chanteur Harry Styles, en Australie, en Nouvelle-Zélande et en Europe dont deux dates prévues en France en juin au Stade de France.

Style musical et influences
Le style musical de Wet Leg a été qualifié par les médias de post-punk, indie-rock et indie pop. Rhian Teasdale et Hester Chambers ne citent pas d'artistes en particulier comme influence, et disent avoir monté le groupe pour s'amuser. L'humour et le second degré (ou Tongue-in-cheek en anglais) occupent une place importante dans leurs chansons ainsi que dans les clips vidéos qu'elles réalisent elles-mêmes pour la plupart.

Discographie

Album
 2022 : Wet Leg

Singles
 2021 : Chaise Longue
 2021 : Wet Dream
 2021 : Too Late Now / Oh No
 2022 : Angelica
 2022 : Ur Mum

Distinctions

Notes et références

Liens externes

Artiste de Domino Recording Company
Duo musical britannique
Groupe anglais de post-punk
Groupe anglais de rock indépendant
Groupe musical britannique des années 2020
Groupe musical formé en 2018
Lauréat du Grammy Award

Wet Leg


Thomas Terry Davis (* 1765; † 15. November 1807 in Jeffersonville, Indiana-Territorium) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1797 und 1803 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Kentucky im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
Nach einem Jurastudium und seiner 1789 erfolgten Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt begann er in diesem Beruf zu praktizieren. Dann wurde er zum ersten Staatsanwalt im Gebiet des späteren Staates Kentucky. Politisch schloss sich Davis der von Thomas Jefferson gegründeten Demokratisch-Republikanischen Partei an. Zwischen 1795 und 1797 war er Abgeordneter im Repräsentantenhaus von Kentucky.

Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1796 wurde Davis im ersten Wahlbezirk von Kentucky in das damals noch in Philadelphia tagende US-Repräsentantenhaus gewählt. Dort trat er am 4. März 1797 die Nachfolge von Alexander D. Orr an. Nach zwei Wiederwahlen konnte er bis zum 3. März 1803 drei Legislaturperioden im Kongress absolvieren. In dieser Zeit wurde der Regierungssitz nach Washington, D.C. verlegt. Nach dem Ende seiner Zeit im US-Repräsentantenhaus wurde Davis Richter im Indiana-Territorium. Zwischen 1806 und 1807 war er in diesem Gebiet Richter am Kanzleigericht (Chancellor). Thomas Davis starb am 15. November 1807 in Jeffersonville.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Kentucky
Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses von Kentucky
Mitglied der Demokratisch-Republikanischen Partei
Richter (Vereinigte Staaten)
Staatsanwalt (Vereinigte Staaten)
Rechtsanwalt (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1765
Gestorben 1807
Mann

Thomas Terry Davis


Maurice Ridard, né le 9 octobre 1903 à Chalon-sur-Saône et mort le 29 mars 1926 dans le , était un militant des Jeunesses patriotes. Il est décédé au cours d'une bagarre avec les forces de l'ordre.

Biographie
En 1926, Maurice Ridard était un élève du lycée Saint-Louis et membre des Jeunesses patriotes du 5e arrondissement de Paris. Il était également candidat pour l'École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr.

Entre 1924 et 1926, des élections législatives intermédiaires se déroulèrent. C'est au cours d'une de ces soirées électorales, que périt le jeune Maurice Ridard. En effet, dans la soirée du dimanche 28 mars au lundi 29 mars 1926, Maurice Ridard se joint à une manifestation des Jeunesses patriotes juste après avoir pris connaissance des résultats de l'élection législative du deuxième secteur. Une violente échauffourée se produit au niveau du faubourg Saint-Honoré entre les ligueurs et les forces de l'ordre. C'est dans la rue Boissy-d'Anglas que Maurice Ridard est blessé au visage. Rapidement, il perd connaissance puis décède. L'enquête ne permet pas d'établir la responsabilité du coup mortel.

Les obsèques
Les obsèques de Maurice Ridard furent célébrées le 31 mars 1926 à la Madeleine devant une foule nombreuse. Les étudiants de l'Institut Catholique, les Jeunesses patriotes, l'Action française, les étudiants candidats de Saint-Cyr défilèrent dans le cortège funéraire.

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Naissance en mai 1903
Naissance à Chalon-sur-Saône
Jeunesses patriotes
Violence politique en France
Décès en mars 1926
Décès dans le 8e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 22 ans
Personnalité politique française assassinée

Affaire Maurice Ridard


La Constitution prévoit la liberté de religion, et le gouvernement a généralement respecté ce droit dans la pratique. Il n'a été fait état d'aucun abus sociétal ni d'aucune discrimination fondée sur la croyance ou la pratique religieuse, et les principaux dirigeants de la société ont pris des mesures positives pour promouvoir la liberté de religion.

Démographie religieuse
Selon le recensement de 2002, 27,1 % de la population est catholique romaine, 24,4 % musulmane, 17,3% vodoun, 5 % chrétienne céleste, 3,2 % méthodiste, 7,5% autre chrétienne, 6 % autres groupes religieux traditionnels locaux, 1,9 % autres groupes religieux, et 6,5% ne revendiquent aucune appartenance religieuse. Les groupes missionnaires étrangers opèrent librement dans le pays.

Statut de la liberté religieuse

Cadre juridique et politique
La Constitution prévoit la liberté de religion, et le gouvernement a généralement respecté ce droit dans la pratique. Le gouvernement, à tous les niveaux, a cherché à protéger pleinement ce droit et n'a pas toléré son abus, que ce soit par des acteurs gouvernementaux ou privés. Il n'existe pas de religion parrainée par l'État.

La Cour constitutionnelle détermine les directives légales qui régissent la pratique religieuse. Ces dernières années, cette cour a déterminé qu'il est illégal de bloquer l'accès d'un groupe à ses services religieux et que la critique de la croyance religieuse est un droit de libre expression protégé.

Le ministère de la défense est autorisé à intervenir dans les conflits entre groupes religieux en tant que force de maintien de la paix pour assurer l'ordre public et la paix sociale, à condition que l'intervention respecte le principe de neutralité de l'État dans la gestion des affaires religieuses.

Les personnes qui souhaitent former un groupe religieux doivent s'inscrire auprès du ministère de l'Intérieur. Les exigences en matière d'enregistrement sont les mêmes pour tous les groupes religieux, et il n'a pas été signalé qu'un groupe se soit vu refuser la permission de s'enregistrer ou qu'il ait été soumis à des retards ou des obstacles inhabituels dans le processus d'enregistrement. Les groupes religieux sont exonérés d'impôts.

Les représentants du gouvernement ont accordé du respect aux dirigeants éminents de tous les groupes religieux en assistant à leurs cérémonies d'intronisation, à leurs funérailles et à d'autres célébrations religieuses. Le Président recevait régulièrement les dirigeants de tous les groupes religieux et les forces de police étaient chargées d'assurer la sécurité de tout événement religieux sur demande.

Conformément à l'article 2 de la Constitution, qui prévoit un État laïque, les écoles publiques ne sont pas autorisées à dispenser une instruction religieuse. Les groupes religieux sont autorisés à créer des écoles privées.

Les jours fériés nationaux comprennent les jours saints chrétiens du lundi de Pâques, de l'Ascension, du lundi de Pentecôte, de l'Assomption, de la Toussaint et de Noël; les jours saints islamiques du Ramadan, de la Tabaski et de la naissance du prophète Mahomet ; et la fête indigène des religions traditionnelles. La télévision d'État a couvert la célébration des fêtes religieuses et les événements spéciaux de la vie des principaux chefs religieux, y compris les anniversaires d'ordination et les funérailles.

Peu après son investiture, le président a reçu des dirigeants et des représentants de groupes religieux chrétiens, musulmans et indigènes traditionnels, respectivement.

La journée œcuménique est célébrée chaque premier mercredi du mois de mai et comprend traditionnellement une grande fête de la coopération interreligieuse dans la ville historique de Ouidah. Les différents chefs religieux s'efforcent de combler le fossé entre chrétiens et musulmans et de prêcher un message de tolérance.

Restrictions à la liberté religieuse
La politique et la pratique du gouvernement ont contribué à la libre pratique de la religion en général. Aucun rapport ne fait état de prisonniers ou de détenus religieux dans le pays. Aucun rapport ne fait état de conversion religieuse forcée.

Abus sociétaux et discrimination
Il n'a pas été fait état d'abus sociétaux ou de discriminations fondés sur la croyance ou la pratique religieuse. En raison de la diversité des affiliations religieuses au sein des familles et des communautés, la tolérance religieuse était répandue à tous les niveaux de la société et dans toutes les régions. Le dialogue interconfessionnel est régulier et les citoyens respectent les différentes traditions et pratiques religieuses, y compris les croyances syncrétistes. De nombreux adeptes du vodoun étaient également chrétiens ou musulmans et tolérants envers les autres groupes religieux.

Références

 Bureau de la démocratie, des droits de l'homme et du travail des États-Unis. Bénin: Rapport international sur la liberté de religion 2007. Cet article incorpore le texte de cette source, qui est dans le domaine public.

Religion au Bénin

Liberté de culte au Bénin


An Odontochilus lanceolatus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni John Lindley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Carl Ludwig von Blume. An Odontochilus lanceolatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Odontochilus, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Odontochilus

Odontochilus lanceolatus


The State Fair of Texas is an annual state fair held in Dallas at historic Fair Park. The fair has taken place every year since 1886 except for varying periods during World War I and World War II as well as 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It usually begins the last Friday in September and ends 24 days later. The fair claims an annual attendance of over two million visitors through ticket scanning. The State Fair of Texas is considered one of the best in America as well as Dallas' signature event despite its troubled history.

Attractions

The State Fair of Texas's opening day ceremonies are highlighted by the annual Friday parade rolling through downtown Dallas. In 2019, the parade moved to Fair Park. The fair also has a nightly parade called the Starlight Parade and a nightly light show called Illumination Sensation around the park's esplanade. However, the start of the fair is largely viewed negatively by the residential, as the blight it creates is so severe that it depresses the real estate value of neighboring homes, which are already in a depressed neighborhood. In addition, nearby businesses lose money while the fair is in operation.

Traditionally, the centerpiece of the fair has been the annual college football game between Oklahoma and Texas, nicknamed the Red River Rivalry (historically known as both the "OU-Texas Game" or "Texas-OU Game") and played in the Cotton Bowl at Fair Park. Also, the State Fair Classic, featuring Grambling State University and Prairie View A&M University, is played at the Cotton Bowl during the fair. In 2010, Baylor and Texas Tech played their game during the fair for the first time. During the opening weekend of the 2013 fair, Army and Louisiana Tech played in the only Heart of Dallas Classic at the Cotton Bowl; it was abandoned thereafter. The Texas State Fair Football Showdown took place on the third weekend of the 2018 and 2019 fair and featured Southern and Texas Southern. In 2020, the Southern versus Texas Southern game moved to Arlington, Texas.

The State Fair of Texas is the only fair in the United States to include a full auto show, dating back to 1913. However, the Texas Museum of Automotive History was forced to pull out as a tenant, blaming the fair for forcing it to close down during the annual event.

The State Fair formerly featured "Birds of the World" where several birds would fly overhead. It was removed from the Fair lineup in 2014, only to return in 2019. The $5-million Texas Skyway is a gondola ride which only operates 24 days a year, transporting visitors around the fairgrounds. There is also a BMX bike show as well as dog and pig races. For children, puppet shows, Children's Medical Center Barnyard, and Story Time also take place inside the fair.

In recent years, the fair has emphasized its reputation as an event featuring unique, albeit high-fat, foods. It has been known for years for Fletcher's brand corny dogs. Recent years have seen the introduction of new unusual deep-fried items, including deep-fried Oreos, deep-fried Twinkies, deep-fried s'mores, deep-fried pork ribs, fried cheesecake; deep-fried butter, fried avocados, fried alligators, deep-fried peanut butter, jelly, and banana sandwiches, and most recently a batter-based fried Coke. New foods in 2008 included chicken fried bacon and fried banana splits. For the 2012 fair, the Girl Scouts of Northeast Texas added the deep-fried Samoa cookie in honor of the 100th Anniversary of Girl Scouts of the US and the Girl Scout 100th Anniversary Experience at the Texas Hall of State at the fair. People travel from all around the world to attend the State Fair of Texas, including former talk show host Oprah Winfrey.

History
The first state fair in Texas was established by the Mechanical and Blood Stock Association of Texas (MBSAT). The first fair convened in Houston on the north bank of Buffalo Bayou in 1870. The MBSAT hosted another state fair at the same location in 1871. Beginning in 1872, the fair moved to a new location south of Houston in an area more recently known as "Midtown," until the last state fair held by the MBSAT in 1878. After its last fair, the MBSAT declared bankruptcy, and no other organization in Houston emerged to restart the state fair in Houston.

In its modern incarnation, the State Fair of Texas was charted as a private corporation by local businessmen. It was an immediate success and attracted thousands of people. However, in 1904 a series of events led to a financial crisis and not enough income was available to keep the fair running. Therefore, the businessmen sold it to the city of Dallas with the agreement that 24 days during the fall would be set aside annually for the fair and exhibition.

On February 10, 1942, a fire-alarm blaze raged unchecked for an hour in the automobile building at the State Fair park causing damage estimated at several hundred thousand dollars. One fireman was hospitalized after being overcome with smoke and a half dozen others were given treatment at the scene. Roy Rupard, secretary of the State Fair association, said the loss was covered by insurance.

Big Tex, a  tall cowboy statue, has been its symbol since his introduction in 1952. In 1953, Big Tex's jaw was hinged, so that he appears to "speak" the announcements that promote fair events. After a fire on October 19, 2012, destroyed the original Big Tex, he was rebuilt and reintroduced for the 2013 fair. Big Tex is claimed to be the world's tallest cowboy.

Its  Texas Star Ferris wheel was the largest in North America when it debuted in October 1985, just months before the Texas Sesquicentennial. It has since been dwarfed by Ferris wheels in Las Vegas and Orlando.

DART's Fair Park Station and MLK Jr. Station opened in 2009 to serve Fair Park and the State Fair. In addition to regular service on the Green Line, the Red Line and Blue Line also run "special event" trains to Fair Park Station for major fair events.

In 2017, Foundation for Community Empowerment commissioned a major report laying a major portion of blame against how the State Fair of Texas has hindered development at and around Fair Park.

Controversies

A Segregated Fair

For the majority of time the State Fair of Texas has been in operation, it was a segregated fair. African Americans were allowed into the fair only on "Negro Achievement Day," known colloquially as "Nigger Day" by the white population. The end of the segregated fair began in 1953 under increasing pressure to desegregate. In that year, African Americans were allowed in the fair for the full season, but were not served in restaurants or allowed on the midway. Only on Negro Achievement Day were African Americans allowed full access to the fairgrounds. The Dallas Negro Chamber of Commerce, under pressure from the African American community, began to denounce the State Fair as segregated. White Dallas leaders continued to assert that the fair was not segregated. In the mid-1950's, then mayor R. L. Thornton, one of the founding men of the Dallas Citizens Council who helped fundraise for the 1936 Centennial Exposition, agreed to desegregate more, but continued to assert that some restaurants and attractions remain separate. Notably, two attractions that involved physical contact, the "Laff in the Dark" and "Dodge 'em Scooter" rides, continued to be segregated.

In 1955, Juanita Craft organized a protest of the State Fair of Texas against its policy of admitting blacks only on "Negro Achievement Day."

In addition, the fair once had a "Colored People's Day," "Ku Klux Klan Day" and, as recently as the 1980s, a day dedicated to the Confederacy. In the 1960s, the fair looked at market research showing that many white fairgoers were frightened by seeing black people on their way into the fair leading to an aggressive eminent domain campaign to buy nearby homes to convert the land into parking lots.

The State Fair in 1966 commissioned a report on the redevelopment of the fair, which concluded that the land around Fair Park should be 'bought up and turned into a paved, lighted, fenced parking lot" that would 'eliminate the problem from sight'. "If the poor Negroes in their shacks cannot be seen, all the guilt feelings…will disappear, or at least be removed from primary consideration".

The State Fair was criticized in October 2014 for spending over $5 million on attorneys fees to two insiders.

Despite a $30 million investment in Summer Adventures, the event was shuttered after just one season.

In August 2015, the State Fair was sanctioned more than $75,000 for filing a SLAPP suit against a lawyer who had requested financial documents from the State Fair. On August 2, 2016, the Dallas Court of Appeals reversed in its entirety the judgment against the State Fair of Texas, holding that the trial court erred in, among other things, finding that the State Fair's lawsuit was a SLAPP suit.

Timeline

 The State Fair of Texas opened its gates for the first time on October 26, 1886. Approximately 14,000 people attend the opening day.
 On November 7, 1886, the fair closes and attracted over 100,000 people for the very first year.
 The State Fair of Texas has a history of racial discrimination dating back to the 1880s. The first designated day for African-Americans to attend the fair was held in 1889 and was called "Colored People's Day." Educator Norman Washington Harllee organized exhibits and planned events and speakers including Booker T. Washington in 1900. In 1910, "Colored People's Day" was discontinued and reappeared in 1936 as "Negro Achievement Day" set to coincide with the Texas Centennial Exposition. Contrary to the fact that African-Americans weren't allowed to participate in entertainment or eat at restaurants and concession stands on other days during the run, fair officials touted "Negro Achievement Day" as a way to recognize the accomplishments and progress of the Negro race in Texas and the United States. The Hall of Negro Life was the only building demolished after the Texas Centennial ended.
 In 1913, the fair introduces the first Automobile building which was filled with 175 vehicles for fairgoers to see.
 The fair was canceled in 1918 due to the US Army taking control of Fair Park to establish an aviation boot camp known as Camp Dick. It resumed the next year.
 In 1921, Boston College beats Baylor at the first game ever played between teams from the southwest and northeast.
 In 1921, Texas and Vanderbilt start a series which is played here every year from 1921 to 1928 with the exception of 1924.
 In 1923, the fair hosted Ku Klux Klan day. Thousands of new Klan members were sworn in at the fairgrounds. More than 150,000 people were at the fair that day.
 In 1925, the first State Fair Classic is played.
 In 1929, TX-OU play their Red River Rivalry here for the first time.
 In 1930, construction of a new Fair Park Stadium (now known as the Cotton Bowl) begins.
 In 1932, TX-OU play their Red River Rivalry for the first time at the new Fair Park Stadium.
 In 1937, the first Cotton Bowl Classic is played in Fair Park.
 World War II cancelled fairs from 1942 to 1944. By September 1945, the fair resumed for the next 75 years unhitched.
 Big Tex makes his first appearance in 1952.
 In 1955, a seat filled with members of the Memphis High School marching band broke free from the top of a 92-foot Sky Wheel, killing a 15-year-old girl. Also that year, a Denton, Texas, high school senior, Doris Mae Dukes, was named Miss Bronze Texas from among 15 Texas high school and college contestants during the fair's "Negro Achievement Day". The award was presented by a Neiman Marcus official.
 In 1956 the Trailblazer monorail began operation at Fair Park from 1956 to 1964. It was the first commercially operated monorail system in the United States.
 Elvis Presley performs in the Cotton Bowl during the fair in 1956.

 In 1960, the Dallas Texans (AFL) and the Dallas Cowboys (NFL) play their first season in the Cotton Bowl.
 In 1964 the monorail closed and was replaced by the Swiss Sky Ride, a 64 car aerial ride that traveled over a 3,800 foot path (the longest ever built).
 In 1966, the State Fair commissioned a report on the redevelopment of the fair, which concluded that the land around Fair Park should be 'bought up and turned into a paved, lighted, fenced parking lot" that would 'eliminate the problem from sight'. "If the poor Negroes in their shacks cannot be seen, all the guilt feelings…will disappear, or at least be removed from primary consideration".
 In 1979, a Sky Ride accident occurred during the last day of the fair, prompting the removal of the attraction.
 In 1983, an 18-year-old boy was killed and several bystanders were injured when a gondola fell off the Enterprise.
 In 1985 the Texas Star opens as the largest ferris wheel in North America.
 In 1989, The Comet Roller Coaster, a Fair Park landmark since 1947, is torn down.
 Following the 2001 September 11 attacks, Dallas police and State Fair officials announce the implementation of new security measures during the annual event.
 In 2005, the Fried Peanut Butter, Jelly and Banana Sandwich is introduced to the fair.

 In 2007 the Texas Skyway aerial ride opens in Fair Park.
 In 2010, the 8000 ft Greenhouse on the Midway is built to house 1000 hanging baskets, beehives, and Farmer Mike the Pumpkin Carver.
 Fairgoers spent more than $37 million in 2010 which broke the fair's record.
 On November 14, 2011 – State Fair of Texas filed its 2010 IRS Form 990 Tax Return.
 On October 19, 2012, Big Tex caught on fire, burning it down to the skeletal frame, with only the right arm remaining.
 On November 15, 2012 – State Fair of Texas filed its 2011 IRS Form 990 Tax Return.
 In 2013:
 The State Fair opened a brand new attraction – a 500-foot observation tower called "Top o' Texas Tower" – as part of a renovation of part of the Midway called "Summer Adventures at Fair Park." The "Tower" now operates only 24 days a year, despite a construction cost of over $11 million.
 The State Fair also operated Summer Adventures in Fair Park, a beach-themed amusement park from May to August 2013.
 Despite a $30 million investment in Summer Adventures, the event was shuttered after just one season.
 Jim Schutze of the Dallas Observer wrote, "The sudden collapse of a $30 million venture has to be some kind of red flag, some indication that it's time to re-examine the whole thing."
 A new Big Tex statue was unveiled the day before the fair opened.
 On November 12, 2013 – State Fair of Texas filed its 2012 IRS Form 990 Tax Return.
 In 2014:
 In September 2014, a blue ribbon task force appointed by Mayor Mike Rawlings submitted a report on the rejuvenation of Fair Park. The Mayor's Task Force plan envisions a public-private partnership led by a non profit organization to be charged with over arching powers to control the revitalization of Fair Park, including the State Fair of Texas. Architect/City planner Antonio Di Mambro, with international experience in infrastructure planning and neighborhood revitalization, encouraged the Mayor to use the Task Force report as a building block for constructive dialogue with residents, stakeholders and the neighborhoods around Fair Park. Following the presentation of the Task Force Plan, Mayor Mike Rawlings said, "I felt passion by all the council and park board members that they want Fair Park to be all it can be and they're interested in taking this big challenge on".
 October – State Fair comes under fire for spending over $5 million on attorneys fees to two insiders.
 November 7, 2014 -State Fair of Texas filed its 2013 IRS Form 990 Tax Return, indicating a loss of over $2 million for the reporting period.* In 2015:
 In March 2015, the State Fair pushed back on any notion of tightening up the footprint of its current operation. Dallas Morning News reporter Robert Wilonsky called the State Fair's response "rather dramatic" The article also quoted Stephen Page of the closed Texas Museum of Automotive History from 2012 as saying, "The City's requirement that tenants vacate the majority of the buildings in Fair Park during the State Fair is the principal reason for Fair Park's ongoing decline." Wilonsky also quoted a 'prominent member of the Mayor's Task Force' as suggesting privately "that the State Fair's presence at Fair Park also needs to be greatly reduced."
 In May 2015, the Park and Recreation Board voted unanimously to recommend and approve the Mayor's Task Force Plan and recommended that underground parking structures be built rather than as initially recommended by the Task Force.
 In August 2015, the State Fair was sanctioned more than $75,000 for filing a SLAPP suit against a lawyer who had requested financial documents from the State Fair. On August 2, 2016, the Dallas Court of Appeals reversed in its entirety the judgment against the State Fair of Texas, holding that the trial court erred in, among other things, finding that the State Fair's lawsuit was a SLAPP suit.
 On September 9, 2017, Charlie Daniels performed and played his famous song The Devil Went Down to Georgia.
 On September 5, 2019, the State Fair of Texas was ordered by the Court of Appeals for the Fifth District of Texas at Dallas to compensate Riggs & Ray, P.C. for its appeal of the August 2, 2016 ruling.
 On July 7, 2020, it was announced that due to COVID-19, the State Fair of Texas was cancelled for the first time since WWII. This was the first cancellation in 76 years.
 The State Fair operated as a Drive-Thru event due to the COVID-19 pandemic.  Photo ops were offered with a masked Big Tex.
 In September 2021, the fair resumed after a one-year hiatus.
 On October 15th, 2023, there was a shooting at the fair. This resulted in three injuries. The fair delayed reopening to 2:00 the next day. The suspect was caught, and was charged with three counts of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.

Economics, finances and management

The economics, finances and management of the State Fair of Texas is a matter of public concern and study. The five main areas of concern are:

 What is the annual attendance of the fair?
 What economic impact does the fair have on people and businesses in the surrounding area?
 How much money does the State Fair provide for the benefit of improvements at Fair Park and elsewhere
 State fair staff compensation levels
 Audits

Attendance
Staff of the State Fair have traditionally reported that attendance at the fair runs in the vicinity each year of between 3 and 3.5 million people. These figures were disputed in an April 2016 study published by Tom Kelly, Ph.D., a professor of economics at Baylor University and the Director of Baylor University Center for Business and Economic Research, along with Bennet Hickok, an Economics student at Baylor. The Kelly/Hickok report argues that the attendance at the fair is about 1.5-1.7 million visitors a year, or about half of what state fair staff reported it to be. According to the 2017 State Fair of Texas Annual Report, the Fair attracted a total of 2,250,433 attendees during the 2017 event with roughly 93,000 daily guests. The total annual reported attendance for 2018 dropped to 2,049,119 with a net operating revenue loss of $3,199,044 for the year.

Economic impact on surrounding businesses
The 2016 Kelly/Hickok study found that the State Fair generates around $50 million for the area economy. This is in contrast to the figure of $600 million in impact that the State Fair itself has traditionally reported.

How excess revenue is spent
The State Fair has a lease with Fair Park, the terms of which require that any profit or excess revenue it generates be spent "for the development and enhancement of Fair Park and the Fair". In May 2016, the State Fair released a list of capital projects for the past 10 years, detailing how the fair had spent their excess revenue. According to media reports, 90% of excess revenue was spent on projects that solely benefited the State Fair. A survey of Fair Park revealed out of the 277 acres available, 200 are covered in asphalt or concrete, compared to 10 acres of green space.

Staff compensation

In 2014, Errol McKoy, the former President of the State Fair of Texas, received $1.425 million in compensation. Excessive executive compensation is a constant and major complaint of the fair.

Audits

On May 13, 2016, the City of Dallas Auditor, Craig Kinton, released an audit regarding Fair Park Business Partners, which included the State Fair of Texas. The audit concluded the City of Dallas had no way to ensure the State Fair was adequately investing in Fair Park, per the terms of the contract between the City of Dallas and State Fair.

See also

 A Fair To Remember (documentary)
 Fair Park
 Hall of State
 Heart of Dallas Classic
 State Fair Classic
 African dodger

Notes

External links

Fairs in Texas
Fair Park
Festivals in Dallas
Texas
Annual events in Texas
Annual fairs
September events
October events
Texas culture
State agencies of Texas
Festivals established in 1886
1886 establishments in Texas

State Fair of Texas


Le fusil Tchang Kaï-chek (中正式), aussi connu sous les noms fusil Zhongzheng, fusil Jiang Jieshi (selon la romanisation du chinois), fusil Généralissime et Type 24 (二四式), portant le nom du Généralissime chinois Tchang Kaï-chek, est un fusil de fabrication chinoise, copié sur le Standardmodell allemand, précurseur de la Karabiner 98k. Sa pré-production commence en 1935 (année 24 du calendrier républicain, d'où le nom de « Type 24 »). Il est appelé « Type 79 » par les communistes chinois.

Le fusil est en production à grande échelle dès la fin de 1935. Cependant, la normalisation complète de sa fabrication ne commence que pendant la seconde guerre sino-japonaise et le fusil Hanyang 88 est produit en plus grand nombre.

Histoire

L'arme est de l'un des principaux fusils de combat de l'Armée nationale révolutionnaire. Tout comme la Karabiner 98k, il s'agit d'une version raccourcie et allégée du Gewehr 98, plus précisément, une copie de l'Oberndorf Export Mauser nommé Standardmodell.  avaient été achetés par la Chine en 1934 et les Allemands avaient fourni l'outillage pour produire le Type 24. Les matériaux de 1934 s'avérent incorrects et de nouveaux outils sont envoyés début 1935.

Bien qu'il soit entré en production à l' en juillet 1935, la capacité industrielle limitée de la Chine signifie que le fusil est construit en nombre relativement faible. Le nom du fusil est changé de « Type 24 » à « Type Tchang Kaï-chek » après une visite du Généralissime à l'usine.

Au fur et à mesure que la guerre avec les Japonais progresse, l'industrie présente dans des villes de l'Ouest comme Chongqing et Kunming permet la production de plus en plus de ces fusils, bien que les contrôles de qualité soient négligés en raison de la nécessité de déplacer des machines afin d'éviter d'être capturés ou détruits par les troupes japonaises.

Avec l'arme de poing Mauser C96 et le casque M35 Helmet, le fusil Tchang Kaï-chek devient un standard reconnaissable de l'Armée nationale révolutionnaire du Généralissime au cours de la première moitié du XXe siècle en Chine. Ironiquement, le fusil, bien que nommé d'après Tchang Kaï-chek, est également largement utilisé par les communistes contre lesquels ils se battent pendant la guerre civile chinoise.

Le sergent chinois Tung Chih-yeh affirme avoir tué plus de 100 soldats de l'armée impériale japonaise à l'aide d'un fusil Tchang Kaï-chek avec et sans lunette dans la région du
Yangzi Jiang.

Environ  sont produits entre 1935 et 1949, dont  durant la guerre.

À la fin des années 1940, le fusil de type Tchang Kaï-chek est progressivement retiré du service de première ligne au profit d'équipements américains supérieurs, tels que le M1 Garand semi-automatique, la carabine M1, et la mitraillette Thompson pour les nationalistes. Mais bien qu'il ait été remplacé par des armes d'infanterie plus modernes, le Type Zhongzheng sert encore les forces armées de la République de Chine jusque dans les années 1970 en tant que fusil pour les forces de réserve. Avec le M1 Garand américain, il est toujours utilisé par l'Armée de la République de Chine comme   de nos jours. L'Armée des volontaires du peuple chinois utilise le fusil de type Zhongzheng pendant la guerre de Corée aux côtés d'autres armes légères fournies comme aide militaire à la République populaire de Chine par l'Union soviétique, aux côtés de fusils Karabiner 98k capturés. Le fusil Type Zhongzheng est également vu entre les mains du Việt Minh lors de la phase finale de la guerre d'Indochine et du Viet Cong durant la guerre du Viêt Nam.

La milice populaire chinoise et les petites factions paramilitaires locales utilisent des fusils Tchang Kaï-chek (ainsi que des  et des Mosin-Nagant) jusqu'en 1980 avant qu'ils ne soient remplacés par des armes légères plus modernes (par exemple, le fusil d'assaut chinois Type 56 et la carabine chinoise Type 56) et ils deviennent des armes de cérémonie supplémentaires (le principal fusil de cérémonie est le SKS) de l'Armée populaire de libération jusqu'à nos jours. Beaucoup de ces fusils (ainsi que d'autres armes légères de l'Armée populaire de libération et de la milice populaire) sont utilisés par diverses factions de Gardes rouges durant la révolution culturelle dans les années 1960.

Conception
Le principal avantage du Type Tchang Kaï-chek par rapport à l' est qu'il a une meilleure puissance d'arrêt avec l'utilisation d'une cartouche 7,92x57 (diamètre de balle de 0,323 pouce), ainsi qu'une meilleure cadence de tir et une plus grande portée. L'arme est plus courte (similaire en longueur à la Karabiner 98k) par rapport au Gewehr 98 et au Arisaka Type 38 mais le tir produit plus d'explosion et de recul.

Le fusil peut être équipé d'une  attachée avec la même patte de baïonnette que les Mauser, remplaçant le dadao (大刀), une épée chinoise incurvée à un seul tranchant.

Utilisateurs
  République de Chine : Armée nationale révolutionnaire, divers seigneurs de la guerre chinois et Armée collaborationniste chinoise pro-japonaise
  : l'Armée rouge chinoise l'appelle le « Type 79 »
  Viêt Nam du Nord : Việt Minh et Viet Cong

Notes et références

Arme à feu de la république de Chine

Fusil Tchang Kaï-chek


Titus Sextius est un soldat et un homme politique de l'Empire romain.

Biographie
Les origines de Sextius sont obscure mais il est probable qu'il ne soit pas issu de la famille consulaire des Sextii, il a gravi les échelons grâces à ses talents militaire.

Il a été légat pendant la guerre des Gaules de 53 à 50 av. J.-C. sous le commandement de Jules César. Il a peut être servi dans la guerre civile de 49 à 45 av. J.-C. En 44, il remplace Salluste comme gouverneurs de la nouvelle province d'Africa nova, découpée dans le royaume défait de Numidie. Il a soutenu Marc Antoine durant la guerre civile de Modène en 43 .Après la création du second triumvirat, donc Antoine était membre, en novembre 43, il fut chargé de destituer Cornificius. Il envahit Africa vetus et vainquit Cornificius, le tuant au combat près d'Utique en 42.

Après Utique, Sextius gouverna les deux provinces africaines jusque à ce que, à la demande de Lucius Antonius, il les cède à Caius Fuficius Fango en 41. Lorsque la guerre de Pérouse éclata cette année là, il se rangea à nouveau du côté d'Antoine et récupéra les deux Afrique. A la fin de la guerre, il rendit les provinces au triumvirs Lepide.

Il eut comme fils Titus Sextius Africanus, donc le cognonem fait référence aux gouvernements de son père en Afrique, comme petit fils Titus Sextius Lateranus et une petite fille Sextia, épouse de Mamercus Æmilius Scaurus puis de Lucius Cornelius Sulla Félix.

Titus Sextius Africanus est son arrière petit fils.

Notes et références

Personnalité politique de l'Empire romain

Titus Sextius


في وقت الاستقلال في عام 1993 تم ترتيب إريتريا في عشرة أقاليم. هذه الأقاليم كانت مشابهة للمقاطعات التسع التشغيل خلال الفترة الاستعمارية. في عام 1996 تم دمج هذه المناطق إلى ستة (Zobas). حددت حدود هذه المناطق الجديدة على أساس مستجمعات المياه.
المنتقدين لهذه السياسة يرون أن حكومة إريتريا كانت تحاول محو النسيج التاريخي اما أنصارها يعتقدون أن هذه الحدود الإقليمية الجديدة من شأنها تخفيف حدة النزاعات على الأراضي التاريخية. وعلاوة على ذلك أنصار هذه السياسة يقولون ان استناد الحدود على الموارد الطبيعية الهامة من شأنه التخفيف من التخطيط لاستخدامها.

الحكم
كل منطقة لها جمعية إقليمية منتخبة محليا في حين أن المسؤول المحلي يعين من قبل رئيس إريتريا. خلال اجتماعات مجلس الوزراء يجتمع الرئيس أيضا مع المسؤولين الإقليميين الذين يقدمون تقريرا عن أنشطة مناطقهم.

الجمعيات الإقليمية مكلفة بوضع ميزانية للبرامج المحلية والاستماع إلى مشاكل السكان المحليين. البرامج المحلية تشمل الفعاليات الثقافية، والبنية التحتية مثل الطرق الفرعية، وتشجيع التشجير.

المناطق

المراجع

تقسيمات البلدان في إفريقيا
تقسيمات إدارية من المستوى الأول حسب البلد
تقسيمات إريتريا
قوائم تقسيمات البلدان
قوائم متعلقة بإريتريا
مناطق إرتريا

مناطق إريتريا


Youngtown may refer to:

Youngtown, Tasmania, suburb of Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
Youngtown, Arizona, town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States
Youngtown, Alabama, populated place in Lawrence County, Alabama, United States
Youngstown (band)

Youngtown


The 1968 Canadian federal election was held on June 25, 1968, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 28th Parliament of Canada.

In April 1968, Prime Minister Lester Pearson of the Liberal Party resigned as party leader as a result of declining health and failing to win a majority government in two attempts. He was succeeded by his Minister of Justice and Attorney General Pierre Trudeau, who called an election immediately after becoming prime minister. Trudeau's charisma appealed to Canadian voters; his popularity became known as "Trudeaumania" and helped him win a comfortable majority. Robert Stanfield's Progressive Conservatives lost seats whereas the New Democratic Party's support stayed the same.

Background

Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson had announced in December 1967 that he would retire early in the following year, calling a new leadership election for the following April to decide on a successor. In February 1968, however, Pearson's government nearly fell before the leadership election could even take place, when it was unexpectedly defeated on a tax bill. Convention dictated that Pearson would have been forced to resign and call an election had the government been defeated on a full budget bill, but after taking legal advice, Governor General Roland Michener decreed that he would only ask for Pearson's resignation if an explicit motion of no confidence were called in his government. Ultimately, the New Democratic Party and Ralliement créditiste were not willing to topple the government over the issue, and even had they done so, Pearson would have been entitled to advise Michener not to hold an election until after the new Liberal leader had been chosen, but the incident made it clear that Pearson's successor could not feasibly hope to hold out until the next statutory general election date of November 1970, and would in all likelihood be forced to call an election much sooner.

Pierre Trudeau, who was a relative unknown until he was appointed to the cabinet by Pearson, won a surprise victory over Paul Martin Sr., Paul Hellyer and Robert Winters in the party's leadership election on April 6. He was sworn in as prime minister on April 20.

Parties and campaigns

Liberals

As had been widely expected, Trudeau called an immediate election after he was sworn in as prime minister.  The charismatic, intellectual, handsome, single, and fully bilingual Trudeau soon captured the hearts and minds of the nation, and the period leading up to the election saw such intense feelings for him that it was dubbed "Trudeaumania."  At public appearances, he was confronted by screaming girls, something never before seen in Canadian politics. The Liberal campaign was dominated by Trudeau's personality.  Liberal campaign ads featured pictures of Trudeau inviting Canadians to "Come work with me", and encouraged them to "Vote for New Leadership for All of Canada". The substance of the campaign was based upon the creation of a "just society", with a proposed expansion of social programs.

Progressive Conservatives

The principal opposition to the Liberals was the Progressive Conservative Party (PC Party) led by Robert Stanfield, who had previously served as premier of Nova Scotia. The PCs started the election campaign with an internal poll showing them trailing the Liberals by 22 points.

Stanfield proposed introducing guaranteed annual income, though failed to explain the number of citizens that would be covered, the minimum income level, and the cost to implement it. Due to concerns that the term "guaranteed annual income" sounded socialist, he eventually switched to using the term "negative income tax". These mistakes made the policy impossible for voters to understand and harmed the PCs. What also damaged the PCs was the idea of deux nations (meaning that Canada was one country housing two nations - French Canadians and English-speaking Canadians). Marcel Faribault, the PCs' Quebec lieutenant and MP candidate, was unclear on whether he supported or opposed deux nations and Stanfield did not drop him as a candidate. This led to the Liberals positioning themselves as the party that supported one Canada. In mid-June, they ran a full-page newspaper advertisement that implied that Stanfield supported deux nations; Stanfield called the ad "a deliberate lie" and insisted he supported one Canada.

New Democratic Party

On the left, former long-time Premier of Saskatchewan Tommy Douglas led the New Democratic Party, but once again failed to make the electoral break-through that was hoped for when the party was founded in 1960. Douglas gained a measure of personal satisfaction - the ouster of Diefenbaker had badly damaged the PC brand in Saskatchewan, and played a major role in allowing the NDP to overcome a decade of futility at the federal level in Saskatchewan to win a plurality of seats there. Nevertheless, these gains were balanced out by losses elsewhere in the country. Under the slogan, "You win with the NDP", Douglas campaigned for affordable housing, higher old age pensions, lower prescription drug prices, and a reduced cost of living. However, the NDP had difficulty running against the left-leaning Trudeau, who was himself a former supporter of the NDP. Douglas would step down as leader in 1971, but remains a powerful icon for New Democrats.

Leaders' debate

This was the first Canadian federal election to hold a leaders debate, on June 9, 1968. The debate included Trudeau, Stanfield, Douglas, and in the latter part Réal Caouette, with Caouette speaking French and Trudeau alternating between the languages. A.B. Patterson, leader of the Social Credit Party was not invited to this debate. The assassination of Robert F. Kennedy three days before cast a pall over the proceedings, and the stilted format was generally seen as boring and inconclusive.

Electoral system
In this election, for the first time since Confederation, all the MPs were elected as the single member for their district, through First past the post. Previously some had always been elected in multi-member ridings through Block Voting. From here on, single-winner First past the post would be the only electoral system used to elect MPs.

National results
The results of the election were sealed when on the night before the election a riot broke out at the St. Jean Baptiste Day parade in Montreal.  Protesting the prime minister's attendance at the parade, supporters of Quebec independence yelled Trudeau au poteau [Trudeau to the gallows], and threw bottles and rocks.  Trudeau, whose lack of military service during World War II had led some to question his courage, firmly stood his ground, and did not flee from the violence despite the wishes of his security escort.  Images of Trudeau standing fast to the thrown bottles of the rioters were broadcast across the country, and swung the election even further in the Liberals' favour as many English-speaking Canadians believed that he would be the right leader to fight the threat of Quebec separatism.

The Social Credit Party, having lost two of the five seats it picked up at the previous election via defections (including former leader Robert N. Thompson, who defected to the Tories in March 1967), lost its three remaining seats.  On the other hand, the Ralliement des créditistes (Social Credit Rally), the Québec wing of the party that had split from the English Canadian party, met with great success.  The créditistes were a populist option appealing to social conservatives and Québec nationalists.  They were especially strong in rural ridings and amongst poor voters. Party leader Réal Caouette campaigned against poverty, government indifference, and "la grosse finance" (big finance).  The Canadian social credit movement would never win seats in English Canada again.

Atlantic Canada bucked the national trend, with the Tories making large gains in that region and winning pluralities in all four Atlantic provinces. In that region, the Tory brand was strengthened by the leadership of former Nova Scotian premier Stanfield. Voters in Newfoundland, who were growing increasingly weary of their Liberal administration under founding Premier Joey Smallwood, voted PC for the first time since entering Confederation.

Notes:

"% change" refers to change from previous election

x - less than 0.005% of the popular vote

"Dissolution" refers to party standings in the House of Commons immediately prior to the election call, not the results of the previous election.

Vote and seat summaries

Results by province

Notes
xx - less than 0.05% of the popular vote.

 Voter turnout: 75.7% of the eligible population voted.

See also

List of Canadian federal general elections
List of political parties in Canada
28th Canadian Parliament

References

Further reading

Federal election
1968
Federal election

1968 Canadian federal election


Beate Finckh, née le , est une actrice de cinéma et de télévision allemande.

Biographie
Fille d'un couple d'enseignants, Beate Finckh grandit à Berlin, Hambourg et Friedrichstadt, et fait ses débuts comme actrice, à l'âge de quinze ans, dans l'adaptation télévisée de la nouvelle Hans und Heinz Kirch de Theodor Storm, filmé à Friedrichstadt.

Après avoir obtenu son diplôme d'études secondaires, elle fréquente la Hochschule für Musik und Theater à Hambourg.

En 1979, elle fait également ses débuts au théâtre dans le rôle de Jim dans Robinson soll nicht sterben de Friedrich Forster au Deutsches Schauspielhaus. Après avoir terminé sa formation, elle reçoit son premier engagement au Stadttheater Kiel en 1981/82.

Elle a eu son premier rôle cinématographique dans Desperado City de Vadim Glowna, où elle joue le rôle de la fille Liane, qui veut désespérément échapper au milieu monotone de la classe ouvrière de son environnement. Elle est également apparue dans d'autres films en tant qu'adolescente rebelle.

Beate Finckh s'est fait connaître d'un public plus large, grâce à ses rôles dans la série policière Derrick, Tatort et d'autres séries télévisées.

Filmographie partielle

Cinéma

 1981 : Desperado City de Vadim Glowna : Liane
 1981 : Der Tod in der Waschstraße : Jutta
 1984 : Treffer : Mira
 1984 : Ich oder du : Christina
 1985 : Big Mäc : Max Brugger
 1986 : Richard et Cosima de Peter Patzak : Elisabeth Nietzsche
 1994 : Rotwang muß weg! : Roswitha Meier-Krull, terroriste de la RAF
 1998 : Cours, Lola, cours de Tom Tykwer : La caissière du Casino
 2000 : Dreamgate : Maike Petersen

Télévision

 1975 : Hans und Heinz Kirch : Wieb enfant
 1981 : Tatort (épisode Slalom) : Gabi, collègue de Lanninger
 1983 : Gestern bei Müllers : Barbara
 1984 : Le Renard (épisode Die Tote im Schloßpark) : Yvonne

 1984 : Derrick (épisode Enquête parallèle) : Sabine Reis
 1985 : Derrick (épisode Une famille unie) : Anna Bohl
 1986 : Le Renard (épisode Der Mord auf Zimmer 49) : Petra Mock

 1986 : Tatort (épisode Leiche im Keller) : Angelika Winter
 1986 : Jokehnen : Ilse Aschmoneit
 1986 : Un cas pour deux (épisode T.O.D.) : Therese Dorn
 1988 : Derrick (épisode Double enquête) : Karla Wege
 1988 : Derrick (épisode Y compris le meurtre) : Ria
 1994 : Tatort (épisode Laura mein Engel) : Marie

Notes et références

Liens externes

Actrice allemande de cinéma
Actrice allemande de télévision
Naissance en avril 1960
Naissance à Berlin

Beate Finckh


Middlemore peut faire référence à :
 Thomas Middlemore (1842-1923), alpiniste britannique.
  (1844-1924), homme politique britannique.

 , une banlieue d'Auckland.
 Hôpital Middlemore, un hôpital public d'Auckland, en Nouvelle-Zélande.

Middlemore


Mustapha Ghorbal (árabe: مصطفى غربال; Orã, ) é um árbitro internacional de futebol chileno. É árbitro do quadro da Federação Internacional de Futebol (FIFA), desde 2014.

Carreira
Estreou na primeira divisão da Argélia, em 2011, e, como árbitro dos quadros da FIFA, em 2014.

Estatísticas
Estas são estatísticas das principais competições internacionais.

Competições da FIFA

Copa do Mundo FIFA Sub-20

Copa do Mundo de Clubes da FIFA

Copa Árabe da FIFA

Eliminatórias da Copa do Mundo FIFA – CAF

Copa do Mundo FIFA

Competições da CAF

Copa Africana de Nações

Liga dos Campeões

Ligações externas

Árbitros de futebol da Argélia
Árbitros da Copa do Mundo FIFA de 2022

Mustapha Ghorbal


Republika Hrvatska i Irska održavaju diplomatske odnose od 27. siječnja 1995. Sjedište veleposlanstva je u Dublinu.

Veleposlanici
Veleposlanstvo Republike Hrvatske u Irskoj osnovano je odlukom predsjednika Republike od 5. srpnja 2001.

Vidi još
Ministarstvo vanjskih i europskih poslova Republike Hrvatske

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Irska na stranici MVEP-a

Izvori

Irska
Hrvatsko-irski odnosi

Popis hrvatskih veleposlanika u Irskoj


An Octomeria steyermarkii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Leslie Andrew Garay ngan Galfrid Clement Keyworth Dunsterville. An Octomeria steyermarkii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Octomeria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Octomeria

Octomeria steyermarkii