Berni Mayer (* 30. August 1974 in Mallersdorf; bürgerlich Bernhard Daniel Mayer) ist ein deutscher Autor, Podcaster, Übersetzer und Musiker.

Leben

Mayer stammt aus einer Familie, die einen Heizungs- und Sanitärbetrieb in Grafentraubach führte. Er studierte nach dem Besuch des Burkhart-Gymnasiums Deutsch und Englisch in Regensburg und arbeitete danach als leitender Online-Redakteur bei MTV (Music Television) in München. In Berlin war er für die Plattenfirmen Mute Records und Labels als Promoter tätig, bevor er wieder zu MTV wechselte und dort als Chefredakteur Online für die Sender MTV und VIVA agierte. Nach seinem Weggang war er Regisseur, Autor und Produzent der erfolgreichen Webshow "Kavka vs. The Web", die er für Myspace Deutschland produzierte. Er wirkte auch vor der Kamera als Sidekick von Markus Kavka mit. 2012 erschien sein erster Roman "Mandels Büro" im Heyne Verlag, ein satirischer Krimi mit Noir-Elementen. Fortsetzungen folgten mit "Black Mandel" und "Der große Mandel". Seit 2016 veröffentlicht Mayer Romane im DuMont Buchverlag ("Rosalie", "Ein gemachter Mann", "Das vorläufige Ende der Zeit"). Zudem moderiert und produziert er Podcasts wie "Dunkle Heimat", "In Sekten", "Kill Royal" oder "Women in War" (als Produzent).

Als Autor
"Mandels Büro" erschien am 9. Januar 2012 im Heyne Verlag und erzählt die Geschichte der arbeitslosen Musikjournalisten Max Mandel und Sigi Singer, die ein Detektivbüro erben. Der Roman karikiert die Medien- und Musikbranche, aus der Mayer beruflich entstammt, beschreibt aber auch "die lakonische Geschichte einer Freundschaft, die langsam zum Teufel geht" (Mayer).

"Black Mandel", der zweite Teil der Reihe, erschien im November 2012. Darin verschlägt es die Protagonisten nach Norwegen, wo sie zwischen die Fronten rivalisierender Black-Metal-Bands geraten.

Der dritte Teil "Der große Mandel" erschien am 14. April 2014 und führt die beiden DIY-Detektive nicht nur in ihre Heimatstadt, sondern auch auf Tour mit einer abgehalfterten Wrestling-Promotion.

Im Oktober 2016 erscheint mit "Rosalie" sein literarisches Debüt im Dumont-Buchverlag. Das Buch handelt von zwei Teenagern, die sich 1986 in einem kleinen Ort im tiefen Süden Deutschlands kennenlernen, und deren heimliche Liebe von einem Leichenfund in einem heruntergekommenen Wasserschloss und ein sorgfältig verdrängtes NS-Verbrechen auf eine harte Probe gestellt wird.

Im März 2019 erscheint mit "Ein gemachter Mann" (Dumont) ein Roman über den Studenten Robert Bley, ein autobiografisch angehauchter, süffisanter bis nachdenklicher Roman über Beziehungen der Generation X und männliche Wehleidigkeit.

Im April 2023 erscheint Mayers sechster Roman "Das vorläufige Ende der Zeit" (Dumont). Es ist ein Gesellschaftsroman mit Elementen des magischen Realismus. Die drei Protagonisten Mi-ra Kim, Artur Arkadiusz und Horatio Beeltz nehmen an einem psychedelischen Zeitreise-Experiment teil und versuchen ihre Traumata rückgängig zu machen.

Für November 2023 ist Mayers autobiografisches Sachbuch "Anleitung zum Traurigsein" (Dumont) geplant, in dem er sich mit dem Tod seiner Tochter und seiner sukzessiven Trauerarbeit auseinandersetzt.

Als Musiker
Mit der Band The Sealevel veröffentlichte er 2005 das Album "Beach From Last Summer" auf Firestation Records. Seit 2011 ist er Gitarrist und Sänger der Heavy-Metal-Band The Gebruder Grim, die zwei Alben veröffentlicht hat.

Als Übersetzer & Podcaster
Mayer arbeitet als Übersetzer, hat z. B. die Buchvorlage zur HBO-Serie Boardwalk Empire ins Deutsche übersetzt oder auch die Autobiografie "Gilliamesque" von Terry Gilliam. Im Kriminalromanbereich übersetzte er zum Beispiel Thomas Mullens Roman "Darktown" (DuMont Buchverlag, 2018) und seine beiden Fortsetzungen "Lange Nacht" und "Weißes Feuer". Mit seinem Kollegen Rüdiger Rudolph moderierte er die Podcasts "Brennerpass" über Popkultur und Zeitgeschehen und "Verdammte Erleuchtung" über Esoterik. Außerdem war er Autor und Moderator der Podcasts "Dunkle Heimat", "Kill Royal" und "In Sekten", das 2023 auch für den Deutschen Podcast-Preis nominiert war.

Werk
 2012: Mandels Büro, Heyne, ISBN 978-3-453-40873-9
 2012: Black Mandel, Heyne, ISBN 978-3-453-40952-1
 2014: Der große Mandel, Heyne, ISBN 978-3-453-67661-9
 2016: Rosalie, Dumont, ISBN 978-3-8321-9840-4
 2019: Ein gemachter Mann - Die lichtscheuen Studienjahre des Robert Bley, Dumont, ISBN 978-3-8321-9888-6
 2023: Das vorläufige Ende der Zeit, Dumont, ISBN 978-3-8321-8184-0
 2023: Anleitung zum Traurigsein, Dumont, ISBN 978-3-8321-6085-2

Diskografie
 Tri-Anger – dto., Südpol, 1997
 The Sealevel – Beach From Last Summer, Firestation Records, 2005
 The Gebruder Grim – Waltzes EP, 2011
 The Gebruder Grim – Bamberg Apocalypse, 2012
 The Gebruder Grim - The Priestess EP, 2013
 The Gebruder Grim - The Everlasting Fear, 2021

Weblinks
 Website von Berni Mayer: www.bernimayer.de
 Bandcamp The Gebruder Grim: gebrudergrim.bandcamp.com
 Artikel zu Mandels Büro bei 1LIVE
 Süddeutsche Zeitung über "Rosalie"
 Brennerpass Podcast
 Dunkle Heimat Podcast
 Podcast Kill Royal: https://shows.acast.com/64899627a4ca310011e3397b
 Podcast In Sekten: https://plus.rtl.de/podcast/in-sekten-26ri7id5dv7l5

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Musiker (Deutschland)
Übersetzer aus dem Englischen
Übersetzer ins Deutsche
Deutscher
Geboren 1974
Mann
Chefredakteur
Kriminalliteratur
Schriftsteller (Berlin)

Berni Mayer


Porte de Choisy () is a station on line 7 of the Paris Métro, a stop on tramway T3a as well as the northern terminus of tramway T9 in the 13th arrondissement. It is named after the Porte de Choisy, a gate in the nineteenth century Thiers wall of Paris, which led to Choisy-le-Roi.

History
The station opened on 7 March 1930 as part of line 10's extension from Place d'Italie, then serving as its eastern terminus (from Invalides). On 26 April 1931, it was transferred to line 7 and ceased to be a terminus when it was extended to Porte d' Ivry to the south.

The service, then provided by all trains on the line, is now only provided by one out of every two trains when a second branch to Le Kremlin–Bicêtre (now further extended to Villejuif–Louis Aragon) opened on 10 December 1982.

As part of the "Un métro + beau" programme by the RATP, the station's corridors and platform lighting were renovated and modernised on 22 September 2005.

In 2019, the station was used by 2,598,026 passengers, making it the 200th busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In anticipation of the increased traffic expected at the station after tramway T9 opens, a new access towards it was constructed in two phases, with it consisting of two new staircases, including an escalator. In the first phase, tramway T3a was temporarily closed between Porte d'Ivry and Porte d'Italie from 22 July to 23 August 2019 to facilitate the construction under its tracks, with RATP bus line 27 extended to service the closed stops. In the second phase, the line 7 station was closed from 6 January to 29 June 2020 (with trains passing without stopping) to enable a new corridor towards the new access to be built. Station equipment was also modernised.

In 2020, the station was used by 647,656 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 282nd busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

In 2021, the station was used by 1,592,144 passengers, making it the 221st busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

Passenger services

Access
The station has four accesses:

 Access 1: avenue de Choisy
 Access 2: Boulevard Masséna
 Access 3: avenue de la Porte-de-Choisy
 Access 4: rue Alfred Fouillée

Station layout

Platforms
The station has a standard configuration with 2 tracks surrounded by 2 side platforms.

Other connections

Tramway
The station has been served by tramway T3a since 16 December 2006 and by tramway T9 since 10 April 2021, serving as its northern terminus.

It is one of four métro stations on the network that are located at one of the former gates of Paris and are served by two tram lines; the other three are Balard (line 8), Porte de Versailles (line 12), and Porte de Vincennes (line 1). Basilique de Saint-Denis (line 13) is the only station served by two tram lines not located at one of the gates of Paris.

Bus
The station is also served by line N31 of the Noctilien bus network at night.

Nearby

 Halle Georges Carpentier

Gallery

References

Paris Métro stations in the 13th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1930

Paris Métro line 7

Porte de Choisy station


Kvindernes højdespring ved sommer-OL 2016 i Rio de Janeiro fandt sted i perioden 18. august til 20. august 2016 Olympic Stadium.

Referencer

Højdespring (damer)

Atletik under sommer-OL 2016 - højdespring (damer)


مسييه 14 هو عنقود نجمي مغلق تقع في كوكبة الحواء الجنوبية . أكتشفه عالم الفلك الفرنسي الشهير شارل مسييه يقع مسييه 14 على بُعد 30,300 سنة ضوئية (9300 فرسخ فلكي) من الأرض و يصل قدره الظاهري لـ 7.6+, تم تدوينه بأسم NGC 6402 في الكتالوج العام الجديد.

خصائصه
يحتوي العنقود على حوالي 5٪ فقط من العناصر الثقيلة للشمس و يُقدّر عمرالعنقود بحوالي 13 مليار سنة , مسييه 14 هو عنقود كروي من الفئة الثامنة ، مما يعني أن نجومه لا تتركز بكثافة خاصة في المنطقة الوسطى ويمتد مركز العنقود اللامع للـ 3 دقائق قوسية فقط في القطر الزاوي ، لكن المناطق الخارجية تعطي مسييه 14 قطراً زاوياً إجمالياً يبلغ 11.7 دقيقة قوسية. يحتوي مسييه 14 على حوالي 150,000 نجم. و يمتد لحوالي 100 سنة ضوئية و يبلغ نصف قطره حوالي 50 سنة ضوئية ويصل بأضاءة كلية تقارب 400,000 مرة من لمعان الشمس. في حين أنه يبدو أضعف من مسييه 10 ومسييه 12 ، المجموعتان الكرويتان الأخريان المشهورتان في كوكبة الحواء ، فإن العنقود مسييه 14 هو الأكبر من هذين العنقوديين ولديه لمعان جوهري أكبر بكثير من المجموعتين الأخريين. حيث يصل حجمه تقريباً ضعف حجم مسييه 12 وأكثر من ضعف حجم مسييه 10 .

و أكتشف علماء الفلك حوالي 70 نجماً متغيراً في مسييه 14. و تم تصنيف العديد من هذه المتغيرات على أنها متغيرات العذراء W ، و هي فئة فرعية من متغيرات القيفاوي النوع الثاني. يحتوي مسييه 14 أيضاً على عدد كبير من النجوم من نوع RR القيثارة ، و التي تُستخدم لمعايرة المسافات إلى الأشياء داخل مجرة درب التبانة. و حدث أنفجار سوبرنوفا في مسييه 14 في عام 1938 و وصل إلى القدر الظاهري 6.2+ ، و لكن لم يتم اكتشافه حتى عام 1964 ، عندما قام علماء الفلك بمسح سلسلة من اللوحات الفوتوغرافية من تلك الفترة. التقطت الأمريكية هيلين سوير هوغ الصور الأولى للعنقود بين عامي 1932 - 1963 من خلال تلسكوب عاكس بقياس 72 بوصة في مرصد دومينيون للفيزياء الفلكية في كولومبيا البريطانية في كندا. و يعتبر هذا أول سوبرنوفا تم تصويره على الإطلاق و ثاني أنفجار سوبرنوفا يتم اكتشافi في عنقود نجمي مغلق ، بعد 1860 عندما حصل أنفجار سوبرنوفا في مسييه 80 و لوحظ حينها . و تم أكتشاف نجم كربوني في عام 1997. و من المحتمل أن يكون لُب النجم الغني بالكربون قد وصل إلى السطح بعد أن فقد النجم طبقاته الخارجية في إلتحامات قريبة مع نجوم أخرى في العنقود.

إمكانية رؤيته
يمكن تحديد موقع مسييه 14 من خلال رسم خط وهمي من نجم كلب الراعي إلى خامس ألمع نجم في كوكبة الحواء نجم قلب العقرب ، و يمكن رؤية مسييه 14 بسهولة بالمنظار أو التلسكوب ، و لكن لا يمكن رؤيته بالعين المجردة حيث تبلغ شدّة لمعان أسطع نجم في العنقود حوالي 14+ ، و متوسط الحجم الظاهري لألمع 25 نجم في العنقود هو 15.44+. يظهرمركز العنقود الساطع و الهالة الخارجية الباهتة المحيطة بواسطة التلسكوبات الصغيرة ، بينما تكشف التلسكوبات ذات قياس 8 بوصات عن الشكل الإهليلجي للعنقود. و لا يمكن رؤية نجوم العنقود بشكل منفرد إلا في تلسكوبات أكبر بقياس 12 بوصة. أفضل وقت في السنة لمراقبة مسييه 14 هو في أشهر مايو ويونيو ويوليو.

أنظر أيضاً
 نجم
 مجرة
 قزم أبيض
 عملاق أحمر
 الانفجار العظيم
 خط زمني للانفجار العظيم
 نجم نيوتروني
 ثقب أسود

مراجع

أجرام الفهرس العام الجديد
أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1764
اكتشافات شارل مسييه
عناقيد مغلقة
فهرس مسييه
كوكبة الحواء

مسييه 14


Gustav Bach (*  15. September 1871 in Rudolstadt; † 30. Oktober 1954 in Dresden) war ein deutscher Maler und Bildhauer.

Leben

Nach der Schulzeit absolvierte er in Rudolstadt eine dreijährige Lehre als Porzellanmaler. Anschließend studierte er Malerei und Bildhauerei an der Kunstakademie München und in Berlin. Im Jahr 1902 folgte eine Studienreise nach Italien, wobei er unter anderem Rom, Florenz und Venedig besuchte. Im Jahr 1908 zog er nach Dresden um und studierte an der Kunstakademie in Dresden als Schüler von Robert Diez.

Im Jahr 1926 bezog er in Dresden-Rochwitz sein neues Haus; bis 1934 arbeitete er im Atelier des Künstlerhauses in Loschwitz. Gustav Bach starb 1954 in Dresden und wurde auf dem Friedhof in Bühlau beigesetzt.

Werke, Auswahl
 1926: Reliefs an seinem Wohn- und Atelierhaus, mit der Darstellung der Tageszeiten Morgen, Mittag und Abend
 1928: Reliefs Triton, Najade und Dresdner Stadtwappen, an der Fassade des Sachsenbades in Dresden-Pieschen
 Übergroßes Wandbild Friedrich Schiller für die Volksschule Dresden-Blasewitz, Kriegsverlust

Literatur
 Künstler am Dresdner Elbhang. Band II, 1. Auflage. Elbhang-Kurier-Verlag, Dresden 2007, ISBN 978-3-936240-09-2.

Weblinks

 Sachsenbad Dresden: Klassische Moderne im Verfall. auf: das-neue-dresden.de

Einzelnachweise

Bildhauer (Dresden)
Bildhauer (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1871
Gestorben 1954
Mann

Gustav Bach (Bildhauer)


Mino Guerrini (eigentlich Giacomo Guerrini, * 16. Dezember 1927 in Rom; † 10. Januar 1990 in Rimini) war ein italienischer Filmregisseur und Drehbuchautor.

Leben
Guerrini gehörte seit 1947 der Künstlergruppe "Forma 1" als Maler an, bevor er sich 1951 zunächst dem Journalismus und 1954 mit einem Drehbuch erstmals dem Film zuwandte. Ab 1960 folgten weitere Arbeiten als Filmautor, wobei er in den meisten der von ihm geskripteten Filme auch eine Rolle als Schauspieler übernahm. Ab 1963 war er Regisseur für drei Episodenfilme und drehte schließlich eine stattliche Anzahl an Filmen bis Mitte der 1970er Jahre, oftmals künstlerisch anspruchslose Genreware, legte aber auch stilistisch bemerkenswerte Ergebnisse vor wie Das dritte Auge, ein Horrorfilm, Agent 3S3 setzt alles auf eine Karte, ein Kriminalfilm, und die Komödie Colpo di sole. Unter seinen späteren Filmen befindet sich auch die Reihe um den Offizier Buttiglione, der von Jacques Dufilho dargestellt wurde. In den 1980er Jahren folgten nur noch zwei Filme, die Nachzügler erfolgreicher Hollywood-Streifen darstellten.

Guerrini wurde auch als James Warren geführt.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1963: Amore in vier Dimensionen (Amori in 4 dimensioni) (& Drehbuch) (eine Episode)
 1963: Marschier oder krepier (Marcha o crepa) (Drehbuch)
 1964: Seitensprünge (Extraconiugale) (& Drehbuch, Darsteller) (eine Episode)
 1964: Wenn das die Männer wüssten (L'idea fissa) (& Drehbuch) (eine Episode)
 1965: Das dritte Auge (Il terzo occhio) (& Drehbuch) (als James Warren)
 1966: Agent 3S3 setzt alles auf eine Karte (Omicidio per appuntamento) (& Drehbuch, Darsteller)
 1966: Sicario 77 – tot oder lebendig (Sicario 77 vivo o morto) (& Drehbuch)
 1968: Gangster sterben zweimal (Gangsters '70) (& Drehbuch)
 1969: Schulmädchen lieben heiß (Oh dolci baci e languide carezze) (& Drehbuch)
 1971: Decamerone – Abenteuer der Wollust (Decameron n. 2… le altre novelle del Boccaccio)
 1973: Zu Befehl Herr Feldwebel (Un ufficiale non si arrende mai, nemmeno di fronte all'evidenza: firmato colonnello Buttiglione) (& Darsteller)
 1974: Herr Oberst haben eine Macke (Il colonnello Buttiglione diventa generale)
 1986: Kilimandscharo – Auf der Jagd nach dem verlorenen Schatz (Le minierie del Kilimangiaro) (& Drehbuch)

Weblinks

 Guerrini bei mymovies

Einzelnachweise

Maler (Italien)
Filmregisseur
Drehbuchautor
Filmschauspieler
Italiener
Geboren 1927
Gestorben 1990
Mann

Mino Guerrini


පොදු පරිගණකයක් (හෝ මහජන ප්‍රවේශ පරිගණකය) යනු පොදු ස්ථානයක පවතින ඕනෑම විවිධාකාර පරිගණකයන් අතරින් එකක් වේ. පොදු පරිගණක තිබෙන ස්ථානයන් කිහිපයක් නම් පුස්තකාල , පාසැල් හෝ රජය විසින් මෙහෙයවන පහසුකම් සේවා සහිත ස්ථාන වේ.

පොදු පරිගණකවල පෞද්ගලික පරිගණකවලට සමාන මෘදුකාංග හා දෘඩාංග කොටස් ඇත. කෙසේ නමුත් , එසේ නමුත් ඒවායේ කාර්යය භාර්යය හා ක්‍රියාව සම්පුර්ණයෙන් වෙනස් වේ. පොදු ප්‍රවේශ පරිගණකයක් දවස පුරාම විවිධ විශ්වාස කටයුතු නොවන තනි පුද්ගලයන් විසින් භාවිතා කරයි. මෙම පරිගණක දැනුවත්ව හෝ නොදැනුවත්ව සිදුවන අපයෝජන ද වලට එරෙහිව අගුළු ලෑම හා සුරක්ෂිත කිරීම කළ යුතුය. සාමාන්‍යයෙන් පරිශීලකයාට මෘදුකාංග පිහිටුවීමට හෝ සැකසුම වෙනස් කිරීමට බලතල නොමැත. පෞද්ගලික පරිගණකයක් වෙනස් වන්නේ එය තනි වගකිව හැකි පරිශීලකයෙක් භාවිතා කරන අතර ඔහුට තම කැමැත්ත අනුව පරිගණකයේ මෘදුකාංග හා සැකසුම හැඩගසැගත හැකි නිසාය.

තව දුරටත් පොදු ප්‍රවේශ පරිගණක පාලිත ප්‍රවේශයකට වූ PC වෙන්කිරීමේ පද්ධතිය (Pc Reservation System) වැනි මෙවලම් සමග සැපයේ.

ලෝකයේ පළමු පොදු ප්‍රවේශ පරිගණක මධ්‍යස්ථානය වන්නේ කැලිෆෝනියාවේ මැරින් පරිගණක මධ්‍යස්ථානය වන අතර එය 1977 දී ඩේවිඩ් හා ඇනීෆෝක්ස් යුවල සාමූහිකව ආරම්භ කරන ලද්දකි.

පොදු පරිගණක
පරිගණක විද්‍යාව
පරිගණක තාක්ෂණය

පොදු පරිගණක


Binarno stablo ili binarno drvo, pojam iz teorije grafova. To je usmjereno stablo u kojemu za svaki vrh postoje najviše dva brida kojima je taj vrh početna točka. Podrazumijeva se ponekad da je binarno stablo ravninsko.
Ako je binarno stablo konačno, onda je i ukorijenjeno. U teoriji skupova i teoriji modela važno je promatrati i beskonačna binarna stabla.

Binarno stablo je slučaj stabla u kojem svaki čvor ima najviše dvoje djece, koja se zovu lijevo dijete i desno dijete. Svaki čvor osim korijena ima točno jednog roditelja, a korijen nema nijednog roditelja.  Listovi su čvorovi koji nemaju nijedno dijete.

Izvori

Teorija grafova
Strukture podataka

Binarno stablo


La Universidad de Balj es una universidad pública ubicada en Mazari Sharif, Provincia de Balj, Afganistán.

Historia

Fue fundada el miércoles 16 de marzo de 1988, en la época de la república socialista, durante la presidencia de Mohammad Najibulá.

Después de la intervención estadounidense de 2001, universidades de ese país y de Pakistán colaboraron en el mejoramiento de la Universidad de Balj.

Hacia 2008, la universidad tenía unos 5.500 estudiantes. Es la tercera más grande en Afganistán después de las de Kabul y de Nangarhar.

Facultades

La Universidad de Balj inició oficialmente sus actividades en 1989 con cuatro facultades: Ingeniería; Literatura y Humanidades; Economía; Agricultura. Ese mismo año se agregó la de Medicina. Ya con el Estado Islámico se agregaron la de Ley y Ciencia Política (1993) y la de la Sharia (1994). En 2004 se le incorporó el Instituto Pedagógico (fundado en 1987) bajo el nombre de Facultad de Educación.

Acuerdos con otras instituciones

Mediante el Programa de Fortalecimiento de Educación Superior, patrocinado por el Banco Mundial, la Universidad de Balj estableció varios acuerdos de cooperación académica:

 con la Universidad Estatal de Kansas (EUA);
 con el Instituto Técnico de Asia;
 acuerdo trilateral académico entre la Universidad de Balj, la Estatal de Kansas y la Universidad Selyúcida (Turquía);
 con la Universidad Técnica de Berlín en Tecnologías de la Información;
 asimismo, también le beneficia el acuerdo del Ministerio de Educación Superior de Afganistán y la Universidad Ruhr de Bochum (Alemania) sobre cooperación académica con las facultades de economía de las universidades afganas.

Referencias

B
Arquitectura de Afganistán del siglo XX
Mazar-e Sarif
Instituciones educativas establecidas en 1989
Segregación sexual en Afganistán

Universidad de Balj


Gesner er et tyskt efternavn, der henviser til blandt andre:

 Conrad Gesner (1516–1565) – schweizisk naturforsk og lærd
 Johann Matthias Gesner (1691–1761) – tysk pædagog og klassisk filolog

Tyske efternavne

Gesner


Grotte de l'Autel steht für:

 Grotte de l'Autel (Réunion). eine Höhle auf Réunion
 Grandes Grottes, eine Höhle in der Bretagne

Grotte de l’Autel


The Unbelievable Guitar and Voice of Jerry Reed este primul album de studio al cântărețului de muzică country Jerry Reed. Lansat în 1967, a fost primul album înregistrat sub egida casei de discuri RCA Victor. Reed va înregistra în total 33 de albume la această casă de discuri.

Albumul este cunoscut datorită melodiilor "Guitar Man" și "U.S. Male" pe care Elvis Presley le-a interpretat alături de Reed în sesiunea de înregistrări.

Reeditări
 În 2012, The Unbelievable Guitar and Voice of Jerry Reed și Nashville Underground au fost reeditate pe CD de către Real Gone Music.

Lista melodiilor
Toate melodiile au fost redactate de către Jerry Reed Hubbard.

Partea A
 "It Don't Work That Way" – 2:15
 "Guitar Man" – 2:25
 "You're Young and You'll Forget" – 2:45
 "Woman Shy" – 2:13
 "I Feel for You" – 2:56
 "Take a Walk" – 2:31

Partea B
 "Love Man" – 2:23
 "If I Promise" – 2:29
 "U.S. Male" – 2:25
 "Long Gone" – 2:26
 "If It Comes to That" – 2:18
 "The Claw" - 1:56

Membrii
 Jerry Reed - voce, chitară principală
 Wayne Moss - chitară
 Fred Carter - chitară
 Junior Huskey - chitară bas
 Jerry Carrigan - baterie
 Jerry Smith - clavecin
 Ray Stevens - clavecin

Producție
 Produs de Chet Atkins.
 Ingineri de sunet - Jim Malloy și William Vandervort.
 Înregistrat în Nashville Sound Studio din cadrul RCA Victor, Nashville, Tennessee.
 Notițe de Merle Atkins.

Referințe

Albume din 1967
Albume de muzică country


Robert Pinsky (born October 20, 1940) is an American poet, essayist, literary critic, and translator. His first two terms as United States Poet Laureate were marked by such visible dynamism—and such national enthusiasm in response—that the Library of Congress appointed him to an unprecedented third term. Throughout his career, Pinsky has been dedicated to identifying and invigorating poetry's place in the world. Known worldwide, Pinsky's work has earned him the PEN/Voelcker Award, the William Carlos Williams Prize, the Lenore Marshall Prize, Italy's Premio Capri, the Korean Manhae Award, and the Harold Washington Award from the City of Chicago, among other accolades. Pinsky is a professor of English and creative writing in the graduate writing program at Boston University. In 2015 the university named him a William Fairfield Warren Distinguished Professor, the highest honor bestowed on senior faculty members who are actively involved in teaching, research, scholarship, and university civic life.

Biography

Early life and education
Pinsky was born in Long Branch, New Jersey to Jewish parents, Sylvia (née Eisenberg) and Milford Simon Pinsky, an optician. He attended Long Branch High School. He received a B.A. from Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and earned both an M.A. and PhD from Stanford University, where he was a Stegner Fellow in creative writing. He was a student of Francis Fergusson and Paul Fussell at Rutgers and Yvor Winters at Stanford.

Personal life
Pinsky married Ellen Jane Bailey, a clinical psychologist, in 1961. They have three children. Pinsky taught at Wellesley College and at the University of California at Berkeley, and now lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts and teaches in the graduate writing program at Boston University.

Career
Early on, Pinsky was inspired by the flow and tension of jazz and the excitement that it made him feel. As a former saxophonist, he has said that being a musician was a profoundly influential experience that he has tried to reproduce in his poetry. The musicality of poetry was and is extremely important to his work. Additionally, Pinsky revealed in a 1999 interview with Bomb Magazine that he enjoys jazz for its "physical immediacy, improvisation and also the sense that a lifetime of suffering and study and thought and emotion is behind some single phrase."

Pinsky has acknowledged that his poetry would change somewhat depending on the particular subjectivity of each reader. Embracing the idea that people's individuality would fill out the poem, he has said, "The poetry I love is vocal, composed with the poet's voice and I believe its proper culmination is to be read with a reader's imagined or actual voice. The human voice in that sense is not electronically reproduced or amplified; it's the actual living breath inside a body—not necessarily an expert's body or the artist's body. Whoever reads the poem aloud becomes the proper medium for the poem." Pinsky observes 'the kind of poetry I write emphasizes the physical qualities of the words' for poetry to Pinsky, is a vocal art, not necessarily performative, but reading to one self or recalling some lines by memory. Pinsky comments 'all language is necessarily abstract' . No aspect of a poem, he observes, is more singular, more unique, than its rhythm, for there are no rules.

He received a National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship in 1974, and in 1997 he was named the United States Poet Laureate and Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress; he was the first poet to be named to three terms. As Poet Laureate, Pinsky founded the Favorite Poem Project, in which thousands of Americans of varying backgrounds, all ages, and from every state share their favorite poems. Pinsky believed that, contrary to stereotype, poetry has a strong presence in the American culture. The project sought to document that presence, giving voice to the American audience for poetry.

The Shakespeare Theatre of Washington, D.C. commissioned Pinsky to write a free adaptation of Friederich Schiller's drama Wallenstein. The Shakespeare Theatre presented the play, starring Stephen Pickering in the title role, directed by Michael Kahn, in 2013. Premiering on April 17 of that year, the play had a sold-out run, in repertory with Coriolanus. Pinsky also wrote the libretto for Death and the Powers, an opera by composer Tod Machover. The opera received its world premiere in Monte Carlo in September 2010 and its U.S. premiere at Boston's Cutler Majestic Theater in March 2011. Pinsky is also the author of the interactive fiction game Mindwheel (1984) developed by Synapse Software and released by Broderbund.

Pinsky guest-starred in an episode of the animated sitcom The Simpsons TV show, "Little Girl in the Big Ten" (2002), and appeared on The Colbert Report in April, 2007, as the judge of a "Meta-Free-Phor-All" between Stephen Colbert and Sean Penn.

Since 2000, Farrar, Straus and Giroux have published four books of his poetry Jersey Rain (2000), Gulf Music (2007) Selected Poems (2011) and At the Foundling Hospital (2016).

In 2012, Circumstantial Productions released the CD, PoemJazz by Robert Pinsky and Laurence Hobgood.  In 2015, House Hour: PoemJazz II was released.

Pinsky served as editor of the 25th anniversary volume of The Best of American Poetry anthologies called The Best of the Best of American Poetry (2013), and is the former poetry editor of Slate. He edited Singing School (2014), The Mind Has Cliffs of Fall: Poems at the Extremes of Feeling (2019) and The Book of Poetry for Hard Times (2021).

In 2023, W.W. Norton published Pinsky's memoir Jersey Breaks: Becoming an American Poet.

Bibliography

Honors and awards
 Premio Capri (Italian) in 2009
 Manhae Foundation Prize (Korean) in 2006
 PEN/Voelcker Award for Poetry in 2004
 Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (1997–2000)
 National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship (1974)
 Stegner Fellowship in Creative Writing at Stanford University
 Saxifrage Prize (1980) for An Explanation of America
 William Carlos Williams Award of the Poetry Society of America
 Nominated for the National Book Critics Circle Award for Criticism (1988) for Poetry and the World
 Nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (1996) for The Figured Wheel: New and Collected Poems, 1966–1996
 Ambassador Book Award in Poetry of the English Speaking Union
 Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize (1997) for The Figured Wheel: New and Collected Poems 1966–1996
 Los Angeles Times Book Award (1994) for The Inferno of Dante
 Book-of-the-Month Editor's Choice (1994) for The Inferno of Dante
 Academy of American Poets' Translation Award (1994) for The Inferno of Dante

Pinsky has received honorary doctorates from numerous institutions such as Northwestern University (2000), Binghamton University (2001), the University of Michigan (2001), Lake Forest College (2007), Emerson College (2012), Southern New Hampshire University (2014) University of Massachusetts Dartmouth (2016), and Merrimack College (2016)

References

Books and printed materials
 The Art of Poetry LXXVI: Robert Pinsky" The Paris Review No. 144 (1997), pp. 180–213 (interview)
 Poetry in Review: "Robert Pinsky" The Yale Review Volume 105 No. 4 (2017), pp. 177–185

Online resources
 Library of Congress Online Resources
 "Modernism and Memory," Pinsky's lecture from the 2010 Key West Literary Seminar
 "In a deepening room," ArchitectureBoston Magazine, Summer 2014: Books (Volume 18 n2)

External links

 Official Robert Pinsky Website
 The Favorite Poem Project (with videos)
 The Art of Poetry MOOC Videos

Interviews
 The Favorite Poem Project site
 Concord Academy 2012 Commencement Address
 LA Times story on PEN Center Lifetime Achievement award
 Audio, Bruce Springsteen reads "Samurai Song"at Wamfest
 The PBS NewsHour 5/20/11 Interview
 Newark Star-Ledger Springsteen/Pinsky story
 Video, Colbert Report, Pinsky with Sean Penn and Colbert
 David Kaufman Review in Tablet
 Poet Robert Pinsky Takes on King David in a public radio interview on ThoughtCast!
 Robert Pinsky's interview about his time and inspirations in Maine
 Cortland Review Interview with Robert Pinsky

Poetry readings

 Robert Pinsky reads his poem "Street Music".
 Interview with Robert Pinsky for Guernica Magazine
 Watch Robert Pinsky read "Book" at Open-Door Poetry
 IPA: Robert Pinsky reads a selection of his poetry
 Pinsky poetry readings

Other
 Essential Pleasures: Robert Pinsky's column on Poems Out Loud  (April 2009)
 Boston University Press Release
 Modern American Poetry on Robert Pinsky
 The Academy of American Poets on Robert Pinsky

American male essayists
American male poets
American Poets Laureate
Jewish American poets
Italian–English translators
Polish–English translators
Slate (magazine) people
The New Yorker people
Boston University faculty
Duke University faculty
Wellesley College faculty
Rutgers University alumni
Stanford University alumni
Long Branch High School alumni
Writers from Long Branch, New Jersey
1940 births
Living people
Stegner Fellows
American male non-fiction writers
Translators of Dante Alighieri
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters

Robert Pinsky


إيهاب صلاح الدين أحمد الشريف (يناير 1954 - يوليو 2005) كان سفيرا لمصر في العراق إلى أن قتله خاطفوه في يوليو 2005. وقد كان سابقا يعمل قائما بأعمال السفارة المصرية في إسرائيل. يذكر أنه كان أول سفيرا لدولة عربية في بغداد منذ سقوط نظام صدام حسين.

خطفه
تم خطف إيهاب الشريف يوم السبت 3 يوليو، 2005 عندما خرج من سيارته لشراء جريدة.

في 6 يوليو، 2005 نشرت جماعة تنظيم القاعدة في بلاد الرافدين التي يتزعمها أبو مصعب الزرقاوي على موقعها على الإنترنت بيانا أعلنت فيها أنها قتلت إيهاب الشريف، وجاء في الرسالة الإشارة إلى أنه كان يعمل دبلوماسيا في إسرائيل. وضمن بيان تسجيل فيديو يظهر فيه إيهاب الشريف معصوب العينين وهو يذكر هويته ومحل إقامته في مصر

وجاء في البيان أيضا: «قررت محكمة الشرعية للقاعدة في العراق تسليم السفير المصري المرتد المتحالف مع اليهود والصليبيين إلى المجاهدين لتنفيذ عقوبة الردة وقتله»

مراجع

الرهائن الأجانب في العراق
أشخاص قتلوا في العراق
جرائم 2005 في العراق
جرائم قتل 2005 في العراق
جرائم قتل غير محلولة في العراق
جرائم قتل في آسيا 2005
جرائم قتل في العراق عقد 2000
حالات أشخاص مفقودين في العراق
حالات أشخاص مفقودين في العقد 2000
دبلوماسيون مختطفون
دبلوماسيون مصريون
دبلوماسيون مصريون في القرن 21
سفراء مصر لدى العراق
سياسيون قتلوا
ضحايا قتل ذكور
مصريون قتلوا في الخارج
مواليد 1954
وفيات 1426 هـ
وفيات 2005

إيهاب الشريف


NGC 6662 je prečkasta spiralna galaktika u zviježđu Liri.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 6662
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 6662 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
   DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 6650 - 6699

6662

NGC 6662


Daniel Alexander Grout (January 5, 1862 – February 27, 1929), was a school teacher and principal and school board administrator.

Career
Daniel Grout was born at St. Thomas, Canada West, and graduated from St. Thomas Normal School in 1884.  After three terms as a teacher he was made principal of schools in Sparta, Ontario and Aldboro, Ontario. He traveled to Oregon in 1890 and graduated from the University of Oregon's law school.

Grout first served in Portland, Oregon as the principal of North Central School from 1892 to 1895. He was the principal of the Atkinson School until 1896 and was then made principal of the Park School. He continued working at Park until 1907, and then was made principal of East Side High School. Shortly after this, the position of assistant superintendent was created over the Portland Public Schools. He became superintendent in 1918 and held that office until he retired on January 1, 1926 due to poor health. He died in February 1929.

Soon after his retirement, the school board named a new elementary school in his honor, which still exists today at 3119 SE Holgate Boulevard in Portland.

References

1862 births
1929 deaths
Canadian educators
People from St. Thomas, Ontario
University of Oregon School of Law alumni
Educators from Portland, Oregon
Canadian emigrants to the United States

Daniel A. Grout


A housing cooperative, or housing co-op, is a legal entity, usually a cooperative or a corporation, which owns real estate, consisting of one or more residential buildings; it is one type of housing tenure. Typically housing cooperatives are owned  by shareholders but in some cases they can be owned by a non-profit organization. They are a distinctive form of home ownership that have many characteristics that differ from other residential arrangements such as single family home ownership, condominiums and renting.

The cooperative is membership based, with membership granted by way of a share purchase in the cooperative. Each shareholder in the legal entity is granted the right to occupy one housing unit. A primary advantage of the housing cooperative is the pooling of the members' resources so that their buying power is leveraged; thus lowering the cost per member in all the services and products associated with home ownership.

Another key element in some forms of housing cooperatives is that the members, through their elected representatives, screen and select who may live in the cooperative, unlike any other form of home ownership.

Housing cooperatives fall into two general tenure categories: non-ownership (referred to as non-equity or continuing) and ownership (referred to as equity or strata). In non-equity cooperatives, occupancy rights are sometimes granted subject to an occupancy agreement, which is similar to a lease. In equity cooperatives, occupancy rights are sometimes granted by way of the purchase agreements and legal instruments registered on the title. The corporation's articles of incorporation and bylaws as well as occupancy agreement specifies the cooperative's rules.

The word cooperative is also used to describe a non-share capital co-op model in which fee-paying members obtain the right to occupy a bedroom and share the communal resources of a house owned by a cooperative organization. Such is the case with student cooperatives in some college and university communities across the United States.

Legal status
As a legal entity, a co-op can contract with other companies or hire individuals to provide it with services, such as a maintenance contractor or a building manager. It can also hire employees, such as a manager or a caretaker, to deal with specific things that volunteers may prefer not to do or may not be good at doing, such as electrical maintenance.

In non-equity cooperatives and in limited equity cooperatives, a shareholder in a co-op does not own real estate, but a share of the legal entity that does own real estate. Co-operative ownership is quite distinct from condominiums where people own individual units and have little say in who moves into the other units. Because of this, most jurisdictions have developed separate legislation, similar to laws that regulate companies, to regulate how co-ops are operated and the rights and obligations of shareholders.

Ownership

Each resident or resident household has membership in the co-operative association. In non-equity cooperatives, members have occupancy rights to a specific suite within the housing co-operative as outlined in their "occupancy agreement", or "proprietary lease", which is essentially a lease. In ownership cooperatives, occupancy rights are transferred to the purchaser by way of the title transfer.

Since the housing cooperative holds title to all the property and housing structures, it bears the cost of maintaining, repairing and replacing them. This relieves the member from the cost and burden of such work. In that sense, the housing cooperative is like the landlord in a rental setting. However, another hallmark of cooperative living is that it is nonprofit, so that the work is done at cost, with no profit motive involved.

In some cases, the co-op follows Rochdale Principles where each shareholder has only one vote. Most cooperatives are incorporated as limited stock companies where the number of votes an owner has is tied to the number of shares owned by the person. Whichever form of voting is employed it is necessary to conduct an election among shareholders to determine who will represent them on the board of directors (if one exists), the governing body of the co-operative. The board of directors is generally responsible for the business decisions including the financial requirements and sustainability of the co-operative. Although politics vary from co-op to co-op and depend largely on the wishes of its members, it is a general rule that a majority vote of the board is necessary to make business decisions.

Management
In larger co-ops, members of a co-op typically elect a board of directors from amongst the shareholders at a general meeting, usually the annual general meeting. In smaller co-ops, all members sit on the board.

A housing cooperative's board of directors is elected by the membership, providing a voice and representation in the governance of the property. Rules are determined by the board, providing a flexible means of addressing the issues that arise in a community to assure the members' peaceful possession of their homes.

Finance

A housing cooperative is normally de facto non-profit, since usually most of its income comes from the rents paid by its residents (if in a formal corporation, then shareholders), who are invariably its members. There is no point in creating a deliberate surplus—except for operational requirements such as setting aside funds for replacement of assets—since that simply means that the rents paid by members are set higher than the expenses. (It is possible for a housing co-op to own other revenue-generating assets, such as a subsidiary business which could produce surplus income to offset the cost of the housing, but in those cases the housing rents are usually reduced to compensate for the additional revenue.)

In the lifecycle of buildings, the replacement of assets (capital repairs) requires significant funds which can be obtained through a variety of ways: assessments on current owners; sales of Treasury Stock (former rental units) to new shareholders; draw downs of reserves; unsecured loans; operating surpluses; fees on the sales of units between shareholders and new and increases to existing mortgages.

There are housing co-ops of the rich and famous: John Lennon, for instance, lived in The Dakota, a housing co-operative,
and most apartments in New York City that are owned rather than rented are held through a co-operative
rather than via a condominium arrangement.

Market-rate and limited-equity co-ops
There are two main types of housing co-operative share pricing: market rate and limited equity. With market rate, the share price is allowed to rise on the open market and shareholders may sell at whatever price the market will bear when they want to move out. In many ways market rate is thus similar financially to owning a condominium, with the difference being that often the co-op may carry a mortgage, resulting in a much higher monthly fee paid to the co-op than would be so in a condominium. The purchase price of a comparable unit in the co-op is typically much lower, however.

With limited equity, the co-op has rules regarding pricing of shares when sold. The idea behind limited equity is to maintain affordable housing. A sub-set of the limited equity model is the no-equity model, which looks very much like renting, with a very low purchase price (comparable to a rental security deposit) and a monthly fee in lieu of rent. When selling, all that is re-couped is that very low purchase price.

Research on housing cooperatives
Research in Canada found that housing cooperatives had residents rate themselves as having the highest quality of life and housing satisfaction of any housing organization in the city. Other research among older residents from the rural United States found that those living in housing cooperatives felt much safer, independent, satisfied with life, had more friends, had more privacy, were healthier and had things repaired faster. Australian researchers found that cooperative housing built stronger social networks and support, as well as better relationships with neighbours compared to other forms of housing. They cost 14% less for residents and had lower rates of debt and vacancy. Other US research has found that housing cooperatives tended to have higher rates of building quality, building safety, feelings of security among residents, lower crime rates, stable access to housing and significantly lower costs compared to conventional housing.

By country

Australia

Housing co-operatives in Australia are primarily non-equity rental co-operatives, but there are some equity co-operatives as well. The rental co-operatives are generally a part of the Australian social housing/community housing sector and have been funded by various iterations of government funding programs.

One of the largest co-operative housing organisations in Australia is Common Equity Housing Ltd (CEHL) in the state of Victoria. CEHL is a registered housing association with its shares held by its 103-member co-operatives. As of 2023 CEHL co-operatives house 4,291 people in 2,101 homes.

Common Equity, in the state of NSW, is also a registered housing provider and manages 500 properties in 31 member housing co-operatives

Canada

Co-ops in Canada offer an affordable alternative to renting, but waiting lists for the units can be years-long.

France
In 2013, the opening of La Maison des Babayagas, an innovative housing co-op in Paris, gained worldwide attention. It was formed as a self-help community and built with financial assistance from the municipal government, specifically for female senior citizens. Located in the Paris suburb of Montreuil after many years of planning, it looks like any other apartment building. The senior citizens stay out of nursing homes, by staying active, alert, and assisting one another.

The purpose of the Baba Yaga Association is to create and develop an innovative lay residence for aging women that is: (1) self-managed, without hierarchy and without supervision; (2) united collective, with regard to finances as well as daily life; (3) citizen civic-minded, through openness to the community /city and through mutual interaction, engaging in its political, cultural and social life in a spirit of  participatory democracy; (4) ecological in all aspects of life, in conformity with the values and actions expressed in the Charter of Living of the House of Babayagas.

Generally, the association's activities are tied to the purpose above, in particular, the development of a popular entity called the University of Knowledge of the Elderly (UNISAVIE: Université du savoir des vieux), and the initiation of a movement to promote other living places that are organized into similar networks.

The community charter sets out expectations for privacy. Each apartment is self-contained. Monthly meetings assure the optimal routines of the building and ensure that each person may participate fully and with complete liberty of expression. Plans set out the routine intervention of a mediator who could help get to the bottom of the causes of eventual conflicts in order to allow for their resolution.

The success of the Paris co-op inspired several Canadian grassroots groups to adopt similar values in senior housing initiatives; these values include autonomy and self-management, solidarity and mutual aid, civic engagement, and ecological responsibility.

Germany
Housing cooperatives, or "Wohnungsgenossenschaften" in German, are a type of housing association that provides affordable housing to its members. They are formed and run by a group of people who come together to pool their resources in order to purchase or build housing for their own use.

In Germany, housing cooperatives are typically organized as non-profit organizations, which means that any profits made from the sale or rental of the housing are reinvested in the cooperative rather than being distributed to shareholders. This allows housing cooperatives to offer lower prices for housing than would be possible for for-profit organizations.
Members of a housing cooperative typically have the right to occupy a specific unit within the cooperative's housing complex, and they also have a say in the management and decision-making of the cooperative. This can include voting on issues related to the maintenance and operation of the housing complex, as well as electing a board of directors to oversee the cooperative's operations.

Housing cooperatives are a popular form of housing in Germany, particularly in urban areas, and they are often seen as a way to provide affordable, community-oriented housing options.

In the Industrialisation in the 19th century there were many housing cooperatives founded in Germany. Presently, there are over 2,000 housing cooperatives with over two million apartments and over three million members in Germany. The public housing cooperatives are organised in the GdW Bundesverband deutscher Wohnungs- und Immobilienunternehmen (Federal association of German housing and real estate enterprise registered associations).

Egypt

The Housing cooperative project in Egypt aims to serve the low-income class, as it provides them with housing units consisting of two rooms, a hall or three rooms and a fully finished hall, with an area ranging from 75 to 90 square meters. In addition, these units are offered at a cost price only, with direct support ranging from 5 to 25 thousand pounds. The beneficiary of this unit can pay its price over a period of 20 years, as 538,000 units have been implemented in all governorates and new cities until 2022, implemented by Ministry of Housing, Utilities & Urban Communities.

India

In India, most 'flats' are owned outright. i.e. the title to each individual flat is separate. There is usually a governing body/society/association to administer maintenance and other building needs. These are comparable to the Condominium Buildings in the USA. The laws governing the building, its governing body and how flats within the building are transferred differ from state to state.

Certain buildings are organized as "Cooperative Housing Societies" where one actually owns a share in the Cooperative rather than the flat itself. This structure was very popular in the past but has become less common in recent times. Most states have separate laws governing Cooperative Housing Societies.

  for additional information.

Netherlands

In the Netherlands there are three very different types of organization that could be considered a housing cooperative:

Housing corporation
A housing corporation (woningcorporatie) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to building and maintaining housing for rent for people with lower income. The first housing corporations started in the second half of the 19th century as small cooperative associations. The first such association in the world, VAK ("association for the working class") was founded in 1852 in Amsterdam. Between 2.4 and 2.5 million apartments in the Netherlands are rented by the housing corporations, i.e. more than 30% of the total of household dwellings (apartments and houses).

Owner association
A (house) owners' association (Vereniging van Eigenaren, VvE) is by Dutch law established wherever there are separately owned apartments in one building. The members are legally owners of their own apartment but have to cooperate in the association for the maintenance of the building as a whole.

Living cooperation
A living cooperation (wooncoöperatie) is a construct in which residents jointly own an apartment building using a democratically controlled cooperative, and pay rent to their own organisation.  They were prohibited after World War II and legalised in 2015.

New Zealand
"Company-share" apartments operate in the New Zealand housing system.

Philippines
In the Philippines, a tenant-owner's association often forms as a means to buy new flats. When the cooperative is set up, it takes the major part of the loan needed to buy a property. These loans will then be paid off during a fixed period of years (typically 20 to 30), and once this is done, the cooperative is dispersed and the flats are transformed into condominiums.

Nordic countries
A tenant-owner's association (Swedish: bostadsrättsförening, Norwegian: borettslag, Danish: andelsboligforening) is a legal term used in the Scandinavian countries (Sweden, Denmark, and Norway) for a type of joint ownership of property in which the whole property is owned by a co-operative association, which in its turn is owned by its members. Each member holds a share in the association that is proportional to the area of his apartment. Members are required to have a tenant-ownership, which represents the apartment, and in most cases live permanently at the address. There are some legal differences between the countries, mainly concerning the conditions of ownership.

In Sweden, 16% of the population lives in apartments in housing cooperatives, while 25% live in rented apartments (more common among young adults and immigrants) and 50% live in private one-family houses (more common among families with children), the remainder living in other forms such as student dormitories or elderly homes.

In Finland, by contrast to the Scandinavian countries, housing cooperatives in the strict sense are extremely rare; instead, Finnish tenant-owned housing properties are generally organized as limited companies (Finnish ) in a system peculiar to Finnish law. The Finnish arrangement is similar to a housing cooperative in that the property is owned by a non-profit corporation and the right to use each unit is tied to ownership of a certain set of shares.

United Kingdom
Housing co-operatives are uncommon in the UK, making up about 0.1% of housing stock.

Most are based in urban areas and consist of affordable shared accommodation where the members look after the property themselves. Waiting lists can be very long due to the rarity of housing co-operatives. In some areas the application procedure is integrated into the council housing application system. The laws differ between England and Scotland. The Confederation of Co-operative Housing provides information on housing cooperatives in the United Kingdom and has published a guide on setting them up. The Shelter website provides information on housing and has information specific to England and Scotland.

The Catalyst Collective provides information about starting co-operatives in the UK and explains the legal structure of a housing coop. Radical Routes offers a guide on how to set up a housing co-operative.

Student housing cooperatives

Factors of raising cost of living for students and quality of accommodation have led to a drive for Student Housing Co-operatives within the UK inspired by the existing North American Student Housing Cooperatives and their work through North American Students of Cooperation. Edinburgh Student Housing Co-operative and Birmingham Student Housing Co-operative opened in 2014 and Sheffield Student Housing Co-operative in 2015. All existing Student Housing Co-operatives are members of Students for Cooperation.

United States

In the United States, housing co-ops are usually categorized as corporations or LLCs and are found in abundance in the area from Madison, Wisconsin, to the New York metropolitan area. There are also a number of cooperative and mutual housing projects still in operation across the US that were the result of the purchase of federal defense housing developments by their tenants or groups of returning war veterans and their families. These developments include seven of the eight middle-class housing projects built by the US government between 1940 and 1942 under the auspices of the Mutual Ownership Defense Housing Division of the Federal Works Agency. There are many regional housing cooperative associations, such as the Midwest Association of Housing Cooperatives, which is based in Michigan and serves the Midwest region, covering Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and more.

The National Association of Housing Cooperatives (NAHC) represents all cooperatives within the United States who are members of the organization. This organization is a nonprofit, national federation of housing cooperatives, mutual housing associations, other resident-owned or controlled housing, professionals, organizations, and individuals interested in promoting the interests of cooperative housing communities. NAHC is the only national cooperative housing organization, and aims to support and educate existing and new cooperative housing communities as the best and most economical form of homeownership.

NASCO, or North American Students of Cooperation, is an organization founded in 1968 that has helped organized cooperative living for students. With a presence in over 100 towns and cities across North America, NASCO has provided tens of thousands of students with sustainable housing.

New York metropolitan area

Cooperatives have a long history in metropolitan New York – in November 1882, Harper's Magazine describes several cooperative apartment buildings already in existence, with plans to build more – and can be found throughout New York City, Westchester County, which borders the city to the north, and towns in northern New Jersey that are close to Manhattan, including Fort Lee, Edgewater, Ramsey, Passaic and Weehawken. Alku and Alku Toinen, apartment buildings built in 1916 by the Finnish American immigrant community in the Sunset Park neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City, were the first nonprofit housing cooperatives in New York City.

Apartment buildings and multiple-family housing make up a more significant share of the housing stock in the New York City area than in most other U.S. cities as over 75% of apartment buildings in NYC are co-ops. Reasons suggested to explain why cooperatives are relatively more common than condominiums in the New York City area are:

Inspired by Abraham Kazan, cooperatives appeared at least as far back as the 1920s while a legal basis for condominium form of ownership was not available in New York State until 1964. Passage of the Condominium Act then opened a wave of construction of condominium buildings.
 The cooperative form can be advantageous as a building mortgage can be carried by the cooperative corporation, leaving less financing to be obtained by each co-op owner. Under condominium ownership only the separate condo owners provide financing. Particularly when interest rates are high, a conversion sponsor may find unit buyers more easily under the cooperative arrangement as buyers will have less financing to arrange on their own; the apparent purchase price of a unit in a cooperative building holding an underlying mortgage is lower than a condo purchase. Cooperative unit buyers may not accurately weigh their share of the building's mortgage.
 Also, later in a building's life after conversion, major new investments required to repair or replace building systems can be raised by a new central mortgage in a cooperative, while in a condominium funds could only be raised by onerous assessments being required of each individual unit owner. However, New York's condominium law was amended in 1997 to allow condominium associations to borrow money.
 The 1974 creation and then subsequent influence on policy by the Urban Homesteading Assistance Board, a housing advocacy group, which enabled the conversion of over 1,600 foreclosed, city-held rentals into limited-equity, resident-controlled co-ops.
 A co-op building's board can exercise its own business discretion to impose restrictions on shareholders, and reject prospective purchasers without explanation, as long as the board does not violate federal and state housing or civil rights laws.

Most of the housing cooperatives in the greater New York area were converted to that status during the 1980s; generally, they were large buildings built between the 1920s and 1950s that a single landlord or corporation owned and rented out that became unprofitable as rental properties. To encourage individual ownership of units, the initial buyers of units (buying from the owner of the entire building) did not have to be approved by a board. These units are known as sponsor units. Also, the rental tenants living in the building at the time of the conversion were usually given an option to buy at a discount. If the tenants were rent-controlled, the law usually protects them by allowing them to stay as renters and the unit may not be occupied by a purchaser until said tenant dies or moves out. Many of these buildings, especially in Manhattan, are actually quite luxurious and exclusive; many celebrities live in them and some famous people are even rejected by co-op boards. In the 1990s and 2000s some rental buildings in the Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach areas went through a similar conversion process, though not to the degree of New York.

Many of the cooperatives originally built as co-ops were sponsored by trade unions, such as the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America. One of the largest projects was Cooperative Village in Lower East Side of Manhattan. The United Housing Foundation was set up in 1951 and built Co-op City in The Bronx, designed by architect Herman Jessor. One of the first subsidized, fixed-value cooperatives was Morningside Gardens in Manhattan's Morningside Heights.

Another dynamic also contributed to the large number of cooperatives established in the 1980s and 1990s in New York City – in this case by low- and moderate-income tenant groups. In the 1970s, many New York City private landlords were struggling to maintain their aging properties in the face of high interest rates, redlining, white flight and rising fuel costs. The period also saw some landlord-induced arson to obtain insurance proceeds and widespread non-payment of real estate taxes – over 20% of multi-family residential properties were in arrears in the mid-1970s. In 1977, the city passed Local Law #45, which allowed the city to begin foreclosure proceedings after just one year of non-payment of taxes, not three, resulting in the takeover of thousands of buildings, many of them occupied, by the city of New York through a legal action known as an in rem foreclosure. In September 1978, the city's housing agency, the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD), created a series of new housing programs designed to give building residents and community groups control and eventual ownership of in rem buildings.

The Urban Homesteading Assistance Board (UHAB), established in 1974, began to assist residents of these buildings to manage, rehabilitate and acquire their buildings, and form limited-equity housing co-operatives. Working with the city's housing agency, its existing loan programs and the power to dispose of abandoned property to non-profit organizations, as well as the state laws governing the establishment of co-operatives, UHAB was able to provide low-income people with the tools – seed money, legal advice, architectural plans, bookkeeping training – to build and run limited-equity housing co-operatives. Through a long-standing contract with the city to provide training and technical assistance to residents of buildings in the Tenant Interim Lease (TIL) Program, UHAB has worked with more than 1,600 coops, preserving over 30,000 units of affordable housing.

Some cooperatives in New York City do not own the land upon which their building is situated. These 'land-lease' buildings often have significant drawbacks for cooperative owners. However, there have been cases where shareholders of a building have bought the surrounding land, such as 167 East 61st Street (formerly known as Trump Plaza), where residents gathered $183 million to buy the surrounding land.

Student housing cooperatives

Student cooperatives provide housing and dining services to those who attend specific educational institutions. Some notable groups include Berkeley Student Cooperative, Santa Barbara Housing Cooperative and the Oberlin Student Cooperative Association.

See also
 Cohousing
 Condop
 Subsidized housing
 Worker cooperative

References

External links

Social programs
+

Human habitats
Private aid programs

Housing cooperative


නිෂ්පාදනය, මිලදී ගැනීම හා අලෙවි කිරීම හා ඔවුනොවුන්ගේ සබඳතා පිළිබඳ නිතීන්, හා සිරිත් හා රජය පිළිබද අධ්‍යයනය කිරීමේ පදනමක් ලෙස දේශපාලනික ආර්ථිකය හැදින්විය හැක. දේශපාලනික ආර්ථිකය ආරම්භ වුයේ ආචාර විද්‍යාව මගින් වේ. (උදා - Adam Smith, Glasgow විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ මහාචාර්ය ආචාර්යය විද්‍යාව) එය 18 වන ශත වර්ෂයේදී එක්සත් ජනපදයේ ආර්ථික අධ්‍යයනයේ වැඩි දියුණු විය.

කෘෂිකර්මය සියළු ධනයට මුල ලෙස පිළිගෙන නිදහස් වෙළදාම අගය කළ 18 වන සියවසේ ප්‍රංශ ආර්ථික විද්‍යාඥයෙකුගේ Physiocra  නම් න්‍යාය‍ට අනුව භූමිය, මුලු ධනයේ මුලාශ්‍රයක් ලෙස සැලකේ. සමහර ාද්ශපාලනික ආර්ථිකඥයන් ශ්‍රම වටිනාකමේ න්‍යාය තුලින් වටිනාකමේ නියම මුලාශ්‍රය ලෙස ශ්‍රමය යෝජනා කර ඇත. (Adam Smith සහ පසුව Carl Marx) බෝහෝ දේශපානික ආර්ථිකඥයන් සදහන් කරන ආකාරයට තාක්ෂණය දියුණුව වේගවත් වීම, ආර්ථික හා සාමාජීය සබධතා වලදී වැදගත් භූමිකාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. (Joseph Schumpeler)
19 වන සියවසේ පසු කාලීනව, දේශපාලනික ආර්ථිකය යන පදය ආර්ථිකය ලෙස පෙරලුනි. එනම් නිෂ්පාදනයේ හා පරිභෝජනයේ ව්‍යුහාත්මක සබඳතාවලට වඩා  ගණිතමය හා සිද්ධාන්තමය ආර්ථික අධ්‍යයනයක් සෙවීමේ පදයක් ලෙස භාවිතා විය.

දේශපාලනික ආර්ථිකය


Alessandro Bonvicino (også Buonvicino), bedre kendt som Il Moretto da Brescia (født ca. 1498 i Rovato, død 22. december 1554) var en italiensk maler.

Hos den tidligt modnede kunstner, der var elev af Fioravante Ferramola fra Brescia, brødes indflydelserne fra Romanino, fra Palma Vecchio, Savoldo, Tizian og Rafael, dog således at hans sjælfulde kunstnerindividualitet støbte de modtagne værdier om til et selvstændigt lødigt hele. Med den venetianske skoles kolorit, som han dog mildnede til en fin Sølvtone med de lysende baggrunde, det skønne spil af lys og skygge og med rige stoffers kraftige farvevirkning forbandt Moretto en ægthed i stemningen, der gør hans religiøse billeder til følte andagtsbilleder af uforlignelig skønhed; i det dramatiske virker hans kunst usikrere.

Om hans livsforhold ved man grumme lidt, kun at han foruden i Brescia, hvor han arbejdede jævnsides med Romanino, en tid har virket i Bergamo (1529), Milano og Verona (1540-41). Hans første arbejder, som Barnemordet i San Giovanni Evangelista i Brescia, viser påvirkning fra Rafael, en indflydelse, der vel stadig holder sig i billedernes klassisk skønne anordning, men senere sideordnes andre kræfter. Romaninos farvekunst mærkes i Den hellige Margrete, der ses i Brescia (San Francesco), ligesom med andre værker, som de fortrinlige alterbilledet med Madonna og barnet omgivne af engle og derunder helgene Clemens, Dominicus, Florian, Katharina og Magdalena (i San Clemente), Mariæ Himmelfart (Santi Nazaro e Celso), S. Nikolaus fra Bari og Madonna i Martinengo-galeriet m.v. arbejder fra 1540'erne som Kristus i Emmaus (Tosisamlingen i Brescia) har et bredere malerisk tiziansk foredrag. Også andre italienske byer ejer billeder af ham, Brera-galeriet i Milano en hel række. I Wiens kunsthistoriske museum blev han repræsenteret ved et hovedværk, det berømte Hellige Justina, i Sankt Petersborgs Ermitage-galleri ved Troen og Judith; også i Louvre og det Städel'ske Institut i Frankfurt am Main (en Madonna mellem Sankt Antonius og Sankt Sebastian, omgivet af kirkefædre). Endelig ejer Berlins Bodemuseum et af hans dygtigste værker: Madonna med barnet, Elisabeth og Johannes i skyerne, tilbedte af de nedenfor knælende donatorer. Også i portrætfaget står Moretto højt (blandt andre et mandsportræt i National Gallery i London). På Statens Museum på Kunst ses et dygtigt mandsportræt i Morettos stil.

Kilder

Malere fra Italien
Personer fra Brescia
Italienere i 1500-tallet
Renæssancemalere

Moretto da Brescia


Die Swedish Open 1999 im Badminton fanden vom 3. bis zum 7. März 1999 in der Arena Kupolen in Borlänge statt. Das Preisgeld betrug 75.000 US-Dollar. Das Turnier hatte damit einen Drei-Sterne-Status im Grand Prix.

Medaillengewinner

Finalresultate

Halbfinalresultate

Viertelfinalresultate

Weblinks
 http://www.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament.aspx?id=974D51CB-AF90-4B28-A86D-F7F4DB2B89F8
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080307050740/http://tangkis.tripod.com:80/prix/sweden/swe99.htm

1999
World Badminton Grand Prix 1999
Sportveranstaltung in Borlänge

Swedish Open 1999


P'yŏngsŏng () er en nordkoreansk by, den er hovedsæde for provinsen Sydpyongan i det vestlige Nordkorea. Byen ligger omkring 32 kilometer nordøst for Pyongyang, den var formelt etableret i december 1969. Byen har en befolkning på 284.386.

Administration
Byen er delt ind i 20 dong (nabolag) og 14 ri (landsbyer).

Transport
Pyongsong Station ligger på Pyongra jernbanelinen.

Videre læsning
 Dormels, Rainer. North Korea's Cities: Industrial facilities, internal structures and typification. Jimoondang, 2014.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 City profile of Pyongsong

Byer i Nordkorea

Pyongsong


Teodósio, o Cenobiarca (c. 423–529) foi um monge, abade e santo que fundou e organizou o modo de vida monástico cenobita no deserto da Judéia. Sua festa é celebrada no dia 11 de Janeiro.

Biografia

Início da vida
São Teodósio nasceu em Mogarisso, uma vila na Capadócia, no ano 423, de pais extremamente piedosos e tementes a Deus, Proheresius e Eulogia. Depois que Eulogia foi ordenada freira, ela tomou seu filho como seu pai espiritual. Dotado de uma voz esplêndida, ele zelosamente trabalhou na igreja lendo e cantando, sendo ordenado leitor, rezava fervorosamente para que o Senhor o guiasse no caminho para a salvação.

Quando jovem, sentiu o desejo de imitar Abraão e deixou os pais, amigos, parentes e todo o resto para se dedicar ao amor a Deus, iniciando uma viagem à Jerusalém. Estabeleceu-se na Cidade Santa na época do Concílio de Calcedônia em 451. Na viagem, desviou-se de a sua rota e visitou São Simeão Estilita, em Antioquia, buscando pedir a bênção e orações do Santo. Ao chegar ao pilar onde estava São Simeão, foi miraculosamente chamado pelo nome e convidado a ascender ao topo da coluna. Teodósio subiu no pilar e prostrou-se diante do santo, o qual o aconselhou, prevendo o futuro serviço pastoral por ele, e profetizou grande espiritualidade ao peregrino.

Enquanto visitava os lugares santos, em Jerusalém, São Teodósio, refletia  sobre a melhor forma de consagrar-se  a Deus. Decidiu, então, que deveria adquirir disciplina antes de assentar na solidão que ansiava e achava que viver sem um diretor espiritual era muito perigoso. Portanto escolheu seguir, primeiramente, a vida monástica, pondo-se, assim, sob a ordem e direção monástica e espiritual do abade Longino, um santo homem de Deus que nutriu um grande afeto por seu discípulo, próximo a Torre de Davi. Em Belém, uma piedosa senhora chamada Ikelia havia construído uma igreja em homenagem à Santíssima Virgem e Longino, a pedido da mulher, ordenou a Teodósio que lá se estabelecesse e se encarrega-se  de seu cuidado pastoral.

Vida eremítica
Depois de algum tempo servindo a peregrinos e visitantes, atraídos pela fama de santidade de Teodósio, a percebeu que tais visitas constantes o distraiam e privavam de sua solitude, assim, decidiu dedicar-se à oração em solidão, retirando-se logo para uma cela em uma gruta no cume de uma montanha vizinha, na qual, por tradição, os três Reis Magos tinham passado a noite, tendo vindo para adorar no dia da Natividade do Salvador do mundo. Enquanto residia na caverna, Teodósio realizou grandes feitos de ascese, dedicava-se grandemente a oração, orando o tempo inteiro, principalmente a noite, de forma que, para permanecer durante a noite em oração, pendurava uma corda para sustentá-lo caso o sono o vencesse. Ele se lembrava de nunca saciar sua fome, de forma que se alimentava apenas de algumas leguminosas cozidas em água ou algumas ervas silvestres, apenas o suficiente para não adoecer devido ao jejum extremo. Ele não sentiu o gosto de pão por 30 anos.

Vida cenobita e a fundação do Monastério

Apesar de sua discrição, sua fama de asceta se espalhou e logo começaram a reunir-se numerosos companheiros que queriam servir a Deus sob sua direção. A principio, Teodósio só admitiu sete ou oito, mas em pouco tempo teve que aumentar este números chegando a não recusar nenhum vocacionado que manifestasse disposições sinceras. Ao acolhê-los, a primeira lição que deu aos seus companheiros foi mostrar-lhes um grande fosso que havia escavado nos arredores, e que haveria de servir como sepultura comum, para recordar-lhes que deveriam aprender a morrer a si mesmos constantemente, assim ensinou-os as regras do domínio das paixões e do pensamento da morte.

Quando a caverna não pôde mais suportar todos os monges reunidos, o Monge Teodósio começou a rezar para que o próprio Senhor apontasse o local para os monges se assentarem. Levando com ele um incensário com carvões frios apagados, o monge foi para o deserto. Em certo local, as brasas ascenderam-se e fizeram a fumaça do incenso subir. Ali, o monge fundou o primeiro mosteiro de vida comunitária, ou Laura, sob a regra de São Basílio, o Grande, o Monastério de São Teodósio.

Por atrair inúmeros aspirantes a vida religiosa, devido a conhecida santidade de Teodósio, o monastério tornou-se pequeno, então o Santo construiu outro monastério maior localizado em um lugar chamado Catisma, próximo de Belém. Construiu também três hospitais: um para os doentes , outro para os anciãos e outro para os deficientes mentais. Segundo narrativas, em alguns dias Teodósio recebia em seus albergues mais de 100 pessoas e quando os alimentos era insuficiente para tantas pessoas, São Teodósio fazia multiplicar por suas orações. O monastério era uma espécie de cidade de santos em meio ao deserto, a ordem, o silêncio e a caridade reinavam nele, quatro igrejas eram assistidas pelo monastério, três eram dedicadas a cada um dos diferentes idiomas dos monges, A quarta era dedicada aos penitentes e aos que estavam em processo de cura. A comunidade estava dividida em três nacionalidades principais: os gregos, que eram em maior número e que vinham de todas as províncias do império; os armênios entre os quais haviam os árabes e os persas e, finalmente os monges de língua eslava e os originários das regiões vizinhas da Trácia. Cada nação cantava em sua própria igreja a parte da Divina Liturgia até o Evangelho; em seguida todos se reuniam na igreja dos gregos, onde celebravam a parte principal da liturgia e lá comungavam.

A comunidade, que havia crescido rapidamente, tornou-se muito conhecida por seu trabalho com doentes, idosos e deficientes mentais. Quando o amigo e compatriota de Teodósio, São Savas, foi nomeado arquimandrita de todos os monges isolados na Palestina pelo Patriarca Salústio de Jerusalém, Teodósio foi nomeado chefe e arquimandrita de todos os cenóbios. Esta é a origem de ser chamado de "o Cenobiarca", que se traduz como chefe dos que vivem uma vida em comum.

A luta contra o monofisismo

O imperador Anastácio I apoiava a heresia de Êutiques, o monofisismo, e empreendeu vários esforços para que São Teodósio também aderisse a ela. Em 513, depôs o patriarca Elias I de Jerusalém, antes, já havia desterrado Flaviano II de Antioquia, pondo em seu lugar Severo. Assim, São Teodósio e São Savas, oponentes ferrenhos da heresia monofisita, defenderam veementemente os direitos de Elias e de seu sucessor João, no entanto, os agentes imperiais, conhecendo a fama de santidade de ambos, procuraram persuadi-los a defender sua causa, a ponto de o imperador enviar a Teodosio uma  grande soma de dinheiro, com o pretexto se ajudar as obras de caridade, São Teodósio aceitou, portanto, o dinheiro e o distribuiu aos pobres. Assim, Anastásio, crendo que já tinha conquistado o apoio do Santo, enviou um documento de profissão de fé, onde as duas naturezas de Cristo se confundiam em uma só, para ser assinado. São Teodósio lhe respondeu com uma outra carta, na qual o denunciou e refutou a heresia condenada com os ensinamentos dos Concílios Ecumênicos, afirmando ainda que os habitantes do deserto e os monges firmemente apoiariam a confissão ortodoxa. O imperador heterodoxo mostrou moderação por um tempo curto, mas, em seguida, renovou os éditos de perseguiação os cristãos ortodoxos e despachou tropas para executá-los. Ao saber disso, São Teodósio, manifestando grande zelo pela verdade, partiu por toda a Palestina exortando aos cristãos que permanecessem fieis aos ensinamentos dos quatro concílios ecumênicos e, além disso, deixando o mosteiro, foi a Jerusalém e na "Grande" igreja, ficou de pé no lugar mais alto e gritou para todos ouvirem: "Quem não honra os quatro Concílios Ecumênicos, deixai-os ser anátema!". Por este ato o monge foi enviado para a prisão, mas logo retornou após a morte do imperador.

Uma tradição maronita conta ainda que, com 90 anos, foi na verdade exilado pelo imperador Anastácio e se refugiou no Líbano, onde estabeleceu o mosteiro de Qannoubine no Vale do Kadisha, entretanto devido a morte de Anastásio pouco tempo depois foi retirado do exílio pelo sucessor do imperador.

Morte
Nos últimos anos de vida, Teodósio foi tomado por uma grave enfermidade, nesse momemnto pode dar provas de sua paciência e submissão absoluta à vontade de Deus. Uma pessoa que assistia seus sofrimentos lhe rogara que orasse a Deus para aliviar suas dores, mas Teodósio negava-se a fazê-lo, dizendo que se fizesse, constituiria falta de paciência. Quando Teodósio entendeu que seu fim estava próximo, dirigiu a seus discípulos uma ultima exortação e predisse muitas coisas que iriam acontecer após sua morte. O santo cenobiarca entregou sua alma a Deus em 529, aos 105 anos. O Patriarca Pedro de Jerusalém e toda a cidade assistiram seu funeral, onde puderam ser presenciados vários milagres.

Bibliografia

 Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. Nova Iorque: Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0-14-051312-4.
 St. Demetrius of Rostov, Marretta, Fr. Thomas (Translator). The Great Collection of The Lives of the Saints, Vol V: January. Chrysostom Press, 2002. ISBN 1-889814-04-0
 Papadopulos, Leo (Translator). Four Great Fathers: Saint Paisius the Great, Saint Pachomius the Great, Saint Euthymius the Great, and Saint Theodosius.  Holy Trinity Monastery, 2007.  ISBN 0-88465-139-8
 St. Nikolai Velimirović, Tepsić, Fr. T. Timothy (Tradutor). The Prologue of Ohrid: Lives of Saints, Hymns, Reflections and Homilies for Every Day of the Year, Vol. 1. Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Western America, 2002.  ISBN 0-9719505-0-4
 Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ὅσιος Θεοδόσιος ὁ Κοινοβιάρχης καὶ Καθηγητὴς τῆς Ἐρήμου. 11 Ιανουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

Monges

Teodósio, o Cenobiarca


المعلّم في مشروع الفضاء (م ف م ف - TISP) بدأ عندما أعلن برنامج ناسا من طرف الرّئيس رونالد ريغان في 27 أوت، 1984.

مراجع

انحلالات سنة 1990 في الولايات المتحدة
برامج ناسا
برنامج مكوك الفضاء
تأسيسات سنة 1984
تأسيسات سنة 1984 في الولايات المتحدة
تحطم مكوك الفضاء تشالنجر
تعليم العلوم

معلم في مشروع الفضاء


Christopher Evans eller Chris Evans kan henvise til flere artikler:

 Chris Evans (programleder) – britisk programleder
 Chris Evans (skuespiller) – amerikansk skuespiller
 Christopher Riche Evans – britisk psykolog og computervidenskabsmand (1931-1979)

Christopher Evans


Jean Marie Behra (Nica, Francuska, 16. veljače, 1921. – Berlin, Njemačka, 1. kolovoza 1959.) je bivši francuski vozač automobilističkih utrka.

Karijera
Behra je karijeru započeo 1938. u motociklizmu. Uspješna karijera okončana je naslovima od 1948. do 1951.

U međuvremenu, Behra se odlučio okušati i u automobilizmu. Tako je njegova prva utrka na četiri kotača bila ona u Mont Ventouxu 1949. s Maseratijem. Sljedeće godine prvi put nastupa na utrci 24 sata Le Mansa, no utrku ne uspijeva završiti.

Gordini
U Formuli 1 debitirao je 1952. za francusku momčad Gordini na Velikoj nagradi Švicarske u Bremgartenu, gdje je osvojio 3. Mjesto. U Gordiniju je proveo tri sezone. Ostvario je četiri pobjede u utrkama koje se nisu bodovale za prvenstvo, među kojima je najznačanija Pau Grand Prix 1954. U istom razdoblju, još se četiri puta utrkivao na 24 sata Le Mansa s Godrinijem, no nijednom nije završio utrku.

Maserati

Sljedeće 1955. prelazi u Maserati. U Monaku osvaja treće mjesto što mu je najbolji rezultati te sezone. Pobjeđuje na šest utrka te godine u raznim kategorijama, od kojih dvije ostvaruje u utrkama Formule 1 koje nisu bile bodovane za prvenstvo. Na utrci Tourist Trophy na Dundrodu doživljava nesreću zbog koje ostaje bez uha.

Nemili incident nije spriječio Jeana da nastavi utrkivanje. Naprotiv, sezona 1956., njegova je najbolja sezona u Formuli 1. Od šest utrka koliko ih je završio te sezone, na njih pet se penjao na postolje, a najbolji rezultat mu je drugo mjesto na Velikoj nagradi Argentine. U prvom dijelu sezone, bio je vodeći vozač u ukupnom poretku, a u nastavku sezone vodio je borbu za naslov prvaka s Juanom Manuelom Fangiom, Peterom Collinsom i Stirlingom Mossom. Nakon što je odustao na posljednjoj utrci u Monzi, Behra je sezonu završio na četvrtom mjestu s 22 osvojena boda. Iste godine pobjeđuje na utrkama 1000 kilometara Pariza i 1000 kilometara Nürburgringa.

Sljedeća sezona nije bila uspješna. Sa samo jednim postoljem na prvoj utrci u Argentini, Behra je sezonu završio na 11. mjesto sa 6 osvojenih bodova. Momčadi Maserati to je bila posljednja sezona u Formuli 1, pa je Behra bio primoran naći drugu momčad.

BRM
U sezoni 1958. prvu utrku je odvozio za privatnu momčad Kena Kavanagha u Maseratijevom bolidu i osvojio 5. mjesto. Nakon toga ostatak sezone provodi u BRM-u. Od devet utrka, samo dvije je završio; 3. mjesto na VN Nizozemske i 4. mjesto na VN Portugala. Iste godine pobjeđuje na utrkama 3 sata Rounena, Grosser Preis von Berlin na AVUS-u i utrci na Nürburgringu.

Rezultati u Formuli 1

Pobjede

Utrke Formule 1 koje se nisu bodovale za prvenstvo

1952.
  IV Aix les Bains Circuit du Lac
  XVI Grand Prix de la Marne

1954.
  XV Pau Grand Prix
  V Circuit de Cadours

1955.
  XVI Pau Grand Prix
  IV Grand Prix de Bordeaux

1957.
  XVII Pau Grand Prix
  V Grand Prix de Caen
  IX BRDC International Trophy
  V Gran Premio di Modena
  VI Grand Prix de Maroc

1959.
  XIV BARC Aintree 200

Ostale utrke

1954.
  Coupes du Salon (Sports)

1955.
  GP Bari (S+2.0)
  Supercortemaggiore
  6° Circuito Internacional do Porto
  ADAC 500 km Nürburgring

1956.
  ADAC 1000 km Nürburgring
  1000 km de Paris
  GP Bari (S2.0)
  GP Roma (S2.0/GT+2.0)

1957.
  Sebring 12 Hours
  GP Sverige

1958.
  3 h Rounen
  Rheinland Nürburgring
  Grosser Preis von Berlin
  IV Grande Premio de Venezuela

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Behra na racing-reference.info
Jean Behra na Racing Sports Cars

Francuski vozači Formule 1

Jean Behra


Samba, Brezilya'daki Afrika kökenlilerden ortaya çıkan değişik tarzdaki müziklerin en ünlülerinden biridir. Samba adı, büyük olasılıkla Angola'da geleneksel bir müzik türü olan 'mesemba'dan gelmektedir. Samba, Bahia'dan göç eden siyahların güçlü etkisi altında, yirminci yüzyıl başlarında Rio de Janerio'da (sonra Brezilya'nın başkentinde) ayırt edici bir müzik tarzı olarak gelişmiştir. (Bahia, Brezilya'nın kuzeydoğusunda bir eyalettir.)

Tarihçe
Donga ve Mauro Almeida'nın yaptığı "Pelo Telefone" (1917) genel olarak ilk samba plağı olarak kabul edilir. Plağın büyük başarısı, bu türü siyah azınlık mahallelerinden dışarı taşıdı. Müziği kimin yarattığı kesin değil, ancak büyük ihtimalle, aralarında Pixinguinha ve João da Bahiana'nın da bulunduğu Tia Ciata'da çalışan işçiler tarafından yaratıldı.

1930'larda, Ismaeil Silva önderliğindeki bir grup müzisyen, Estácio de Sá civarında ilk samba okulu olan Deixa Falar'ı kurdu. Onlar bu müzik türünü karnaval gösterilerine daha iyi uyacak şekle dönüştürdü. On yıllık süre içinde, bu müziğin popülaritesi bütün ülkede radyo sayesinde yayıldı ve milliyetçi diktatör Getúlio Vargas'ın da desteğiyle, samba Brezilya'nın "resmi müziği" oldu.

Bugünlerde, samba Brezilya'da hala en popüler müzik türlerinden biridir.

Ayrıca bakınız
Nelson Sargento

Dış bağlantılar

 Wikipedia
 Tüm Brezilya Müzikleri Samba Sayfasi
 Brezilya Milliyetciligi Sayfasi

Samba


Stanley Kubrick a regizat 13 lung metraje și trei scurt metraje documentar de-a lungul carierei sale, de la Day of the Flight (1951) până la Cu ochii larg închiși (1999). Multe dintre filmele lui Kubrick au fost nominalizate la Premiile Oscar sau Globurile de Aur, dar singurul său trofeu Oscar personal a fost câștigat pentru efectele vizuale din filmul 2001: Odiseea spațială.

Filmografie

Filmul din 2001, Inteligență artificială, regizat de Steven Spielberg, îi este dedicat lui Kubrick. Kubrick deținea inițial drepturile materialului original, a oferit conceptul pentru film și a realizat multe pregătiri pentru el, inclusiv supraveghind ambele scenarii și decorurile care au fost utilizate în filmul final. Spielberg a făcut eforturi pentru a reprezenta cât mai fidel viziunea lui Kubrick.

Premii și nominalizări

Începând cu filmul Cărările gloriei din 1957, toate filmele lui Kubrick au fost nominalizate la Premiile Oscar sau Globurile de Aur la diferite cateogorii, excepție făcând Strălucirea. 2001: Odiseea spațială a primit numeroase premii la categoriile tehnice, inclusiv un Premiu BAFTA pentru imagine și un Premiu Oscar pentru cele mai bune efecte vizuale pe care Kubrick (ca regizor al efectelor speciale din film) l-a primit. Acesta a fost singurul Premiu Oscar personal câștigat de Kubrick din 13 nominalizări. Filmele sale au fost nominalizate predominant pentru imagine, decoruri, scenariu și muzică. Doar patru dintre filmele sale au primit nominalizări la Premiile Oscar sau Globurile de Aur pentru interpretare: Lolita, Spartacus, Dr. Strangelove și Portocala mecanică.

Stanley Kubrick
K
Filme regizate de Stanley Kubrick

Filmografia lui Stanley Kubrick


Baron Reith , of Stonehaven in the County of Kincardine, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1940 for Sir John Reith, the first Director-General of the BBC. His only son, the second Baron, disclaimed the peerage for life in 1972. Since 2016, the title is held by the latter's son, the third Baron.

Barons Reith (1940)
John Charles Walsham Reith, 1st Baron Reith (1889–1971)
Christopher John Reith, 2nd Baron Reith (1928–2016) (disclaimed 1972)
James Harry John Reith, 3rd Baron Reith (b. 1971)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son, Hon. Harry Joseph Reith (b. 2006)

References

Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1940
Noble titles created for UK MPs

Baron Reith


Uluslararası organizasyon ya da uluslararası kuruluş veya uluslararası örgüt, uluslararası üyelere veya üyelik sistemine, kapsama ya da varlığa sahip kuruluşlar için kullanılan bir isim olup, uluslararası sivil toplum kuruluşu ve hükûmetler arası örgüt şeklinde iki ana türü bulunmaktadır.

 Uluslararası sivil toplum kuruluşları (USTK) ya da uluslararası sivil toplum örgütleri (USTÖ): uluslararası alanda faaliyet gösteren sivil toplum kuruluşları (STK)'dır. Bunlara uluslararası kâr amacı gütmeyen kuruluşlar, Dünya İzci Hareketi Örgütü, Uluslararası Kızılhaç Komitesi ve Sınır Tanımayan Doktorlar gibi dünya genelinde faaliyet gösteren örgütler dahildir.
 Hükûmetler arası örgütler (uluslararası hükûmet kuruluşları olarak da bilinirler): terimle en yakından ilişkili örgüt türü olup, bunlar egemen devletlerden oluşan örgütlerdir (üye devletler olarak da bilinirler). Önemli örnekleri arasında Birleşmiş Milletler (BM), OECD, Avrupa Güvenlik ve İşbirliği Teşkilatı, Avrupa Konseyi ve Dünya Ticaret Örgütü yer alır. BM örgüte tam bir netlik kazandırabilmek amacıyla kuruluşu için 'uluslararası örgüt' yerine 'hükûmetler arası örgüt' terimini kullanmıştır.

İlk ve en eski hükûmetler arası örgüt 1815 yılında Viyana Kongresi tarafından kurulan Ren Seyrüsefer Merkez Komisyonu'dur.

Uluslararası örgütlerin rolleri arasında uluslararası gündemin belirlenmesine yardımcı olma, siyasi pazarlıklara arabulucuk yapma, siyasi girişimler için yer sağlama ve koalisyonların kurulmasını katalizör görevi üstlenme yer alır. Ayrıca uluslararası örgütler belirgin konuları tanımlarlar ve hangi konuların birlikte gruplandırılacağını karar verirler. Böylelikle hükûmetlerin öncelikli olarak karar vermesi gereken konuları belirleyerek, diğer hükûmetlerin de bu düzenlemeler ışığında çalışmalarına önayak olmuş olurlar.

Uluslararası örgütlere eleştirel yaklaşımlar bulunmaktadır. Bu yaklaşımlar uluslararası örgütleri etkileme kapasitesine sahip devletlerin bu kurumlar yoluyla uluslararası sistemde hegemonya kurma ve devam ettirme aracı olarak görev ifa ettiğini vurgulamaktadırlar. Bu yaklaşıma örnek olarak IMF uluslararası siyasetteki neoliberal hegemonyayı kurma ve yeniden üretmek için faaliyet göstermektedir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Uluslararası örgütler listesi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Uluslararası Organizasyon ve Genel Müdürlük Listesi
 Birleşmiş Milletler'in Tarihi Arşivindeki Uluslararası Kuruluşların Sorumluluğuna İlişkin Makaleler
 Dünya Haberleri ile ilgili belgeler

Kültürel küreselleşme

Uluslararası kuruluş


Juan F. Sandoval Ferreira (nacido el 13 de enero de 1981 en Santo Domingo) es un lanzador dominicano de ligas menores que se encuentra en la organización de los Filis de Filadelfia. Sandoval ha estado ciego de un ojo desde el año 2006.

Carrera
Sandoval fue firmado como agente libre no drafteado por los Marineros de Seattle en el 2000. Comenzó su carrera profesional en 2003 con su filial de Clase A, Wisconsin Timber Rattlers. En 2004, fue promovido a Clase-A avanzada con los Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino. Fue ascendido de nuevo en 2005 a Doble-A con los San Antonio Missions.

El 4 de febrero de 2006, Sandoval estaba cenando en un restaurante en la República Dominicana cuando una estalló una discusión entre el portero del establecimiento y un cliente borracho. El borracho se fue del restaurante, pero regresó con una escopeta. El tiro le dio a Sandoval en la parte superior del torso y la cara. Tres perdigones entraron en su ojo derecho. Fue sometido a dos cirugías para salvar el ojo, aunque quedó permanentemente ciego. Esta lesión lo dejó fuera de toda la temporada 2006.

Sandoval regresó en 2007 con los Marineros y fue enviado a Doble-A con los West Tenn Diamond Jaxx y luego a Triple-A con Tacoma Rainiers. Durante el draft de la Regla 5 de 2007, Sandoval fue seleccionado por los Cerveceros de Milwaukee y fue asignado a Triple-A con Nashville Sounds. Fue liberado antes del inicio de la temporada 2008, pero fue asignado nuevamente.

El 26 de junio de 2010, Sandoval firmó un contrato de ligas menores con los Filis de Filadelfia y fue enviado a Clase-A avanzada con los Clearwater Threshers.

El 19 de marzo de 2011, Sandoval firmó con los Diablos Rojos del México en la Liga Mexicana de Béisbol. Fue liberado el 25 de mayo y firmó con los Tigres de Quintana Roo.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Baseball-Reference
CBS Sports

Beisbolistas de República Dominicana
Lanzadores de República Dominicana
Beisbolistas de las Águilas Cibaeñas
Beisbolistas de Guerreros de Oaxaca
Beisbolistas de Diablos Rojos del México
Beisbolistas de Tigres de Quintana Roo
Beisbolistas de Toros de Tijuana
Beisbolistas de Generales de Durango
Nacidos en Santo Domingo

Juan Sandoval


Rajab Abdul Kahali, né le 15 mars 1990, populairement connu sous son nom de scène Harmonize, est un artiste tanzanien Bongo Flava et un entrepreneur musical né dans la région de Mwanza.

Biographie

Enfance, études
Depuis 2009, après avoir terminé ses études secondaires, Harmonize vit à Dar es Salaam. Parfois, il est appelé Konde Boy en référence à son héritage Makonde. Les autres noms qu'il utilise sont Jeshi, Tembo, Mbunge, Konde-Mabeyo. Il est connu pour ses chansons "Kwa Ngwaru", avec Diamond Platnumz et "Show Me" avec Rich Mavoko. En 2017, MTV Base l'a inclus dans leur édition africaine de "Ones to Watch for 2017". Il a été le premier artiste à signer un contrat d'enregistrement avec le label Diamond Platnumz WCB Wasafi  et a depuis fondé sa propre maison de disques, Konde Music Worldwide.

Carrière
Il a commencé sa carrière musicale en 2011. En 2015, il a rencontré Diamond Platnumz et a signé à WCB Wasafi en 2015. Sa première chanson "Aiyola" a connu un succès commercial.

Le 25 février 2019, il a sorti 'Afro Bongo'. Son premier EP avec Diamond Platnumz, Burna Boy, Mr. Eazi et Yemi Alade. Afro Bongo a quatre morceaux dont son hit majeur "Kainama" qui est le morceau numéro un de l'EP. Le clip vidéo de "Kainama" a fait surface plus de  de vues en douze mois.

Harmonize a quitté WCB Wasafi fin 2019 et a sorti plusieurs projets dont "The Return Of Q Chillah". Out Of WCB, Harmonize a sorti quatre singles commerciaux dont 'Hainistui' et 'Uno' qui figure sur son premier album studio 'Afro East' sorti le 14 mars 2020.

Harmonize a sorti sa dernière offre, un album de 18 titres intitulé Afro East, qui fait suite à son EP Afro Bongo de 2019.

L'album, qui est le premier album studio de l'artiste tanzanien et son premier projet depuis qu'il a quitté le label de Diamond Platnumz, comprend Burna Boy, Lady Jay Dee, Phyno, Yemi Alade, Mr Eazi, Falz, Skales, Khaligraph Jones, Morgan Heritage, Dj Seven, Mr Blue et plusieurs autres.

Afro East est un autre des projets d'Harmonize qui met en valeur sa capacité à fusionner de manière transparente Afropop avec Singeli et Bongo.

Le 5 novembre 2021, Harmonize a sorti son deuxième album intitulé High School. La tracklist a été révélée sur la page instagram de l'artiste lors de sa tournée américaine de 2021. L'album était son premier LP depuis Afro East. Le projet a été précédé par les tubes Amapiano précédemment publiés " Sandakalawe et " Teacher ". De plus, la première chanson de l'album intitulée "Sorry" a été en partie interprétée lors d'un concert virtuel d'une semaine par l'artiste tenu plus tôt avant la sortie de l'album.

L'album avait vingt chansons et seules les deux avaient été entendues auparavant ("Sandakalawe" et "Teacher"). L'album présentait plusieurs artistes africains de premier plan, dont Naira Marley, Sarkodie, Bosiswa ainsi que les compagnons de label Ibraah et Anjella. Le chanteur tanzanien Singeli Sholo Mwamba était également en vedette. Cela a marqué une rupture avec le long métrage afro-oriental lourd, car il avait moins de fonctionnalités avec la plupart des chansons dirigées par Harmonize seul.

Vie privée
La relation de quatre ans d'Harmonize, puis son mariage en 2019 avec la mondaine et entrepreneure italienne Sarah Michelotti, ont été largement médiatisés. En 2020, un an après l'échange des vœux, il a été annoncé que le couple s'était séparé en raison de différences irréconciliables. Il a été rapporté que la scission a été causée en partie par l'infidélité du côté d'Harmonize qui l'a conduit à engendrer son premier enfant hors mariage. Depuis lors, Harmonize a été perçu par le public comme embrassant son nouveau rôle de père. Quelques mois plus tard, il annonce publiquement le début d'une nouvelle relation avec l'actrice tanzanienne Frida Kajala Masanja. Ils ont rompu à peine trois mois après avoir commencé à se fréquenter. Harmonize sort actuellement avec une fille australienne nommée Briana.

Discographie

"Paranawe" Ft. Rayvanny (2018)

"Show Me What You Got" Ft Yemi Alade (2018)

"Kushoto Kulia" (2019)

"Anajikosha" (2021)

EP

Afro Bongo

Album studio

• Afro East (2020)

• High School (2021)

Récompenses et nominations

Il a remporté trois prix de WatsUp TV, AFRIMMA et AEA USA aux États-Unis.

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en mars 1990
Musicien tanzanien du XXIe siècle
Pages avec des traductions non relues

Harmonize