The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated musical drama film produced by DreamWorks Animation and released by DreamWorks Pictures. The first feature film from DreamWorks to be traditionally animated and their second overall, it is an adaptation of the first fourteen chapters of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to a prophet of the Lord, chosen by God to carry out his ultimate destiny of leading the Hebrews out of Egypt. The film was directed by Brenda Chapman, Steve Hickner, and Simon Wells (in Chapman and Hickner's feature directorial debuts) with a screenplay written by Philip LaZebnik. It features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer. The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer, Ralph Fiennes, Michelle Pfeiffer, Sandra Bullock, Jeff Goldblum, Danny Glover, Patrick Stewart, Helen Mirren, Steve Martin, and Martin Short.

Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company, and he decided to put the idea into production after leaving Disney and co-founding DreamWorks Pictures in 1994. To make the project, DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and Amblimation, totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 countries. The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery, created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics.

The film was released in theaters on December 18, 1998, and on home video on September 14, 1999. Reviews were generally positive; critics particularly praised the visuals, songs, score, and voice acting. The film grossed $218 million worldwide in theaters, which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time. The film's success led to the direct-to-video prequel and spin-off Joseph: King of Dreams (2000), and a stage musical adaptation which opened in London's West End in 2020.

The song "When You Believe" became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey, and went on to win Best Original Song at the 71st Academy Awards, making it the first animated film independently outside of Disney and Pixar films, as well as the first DreamWorks Animation film to receive two nominations and win one at the Academy Awards, succeeded by Shrek (2001) and Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005). The film also won the inaugural Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Animated Feature, in a tie with Disney and Pixar's A Bug's Life.

In retrospective years since its release, the film has been widely acclaimed. It is now considered by many to be the best DreamWorks film and one of the greatest animated films of all time.

Plot

In Ancient Egypt, the enslaved Hebrew people pray to God for deliverance. Pharaoh Seti, fearing that the growing numbers of Hebrews could lead to rebellion, orders a mass infanticide of all newborn Hebrew boys. Yocheved and her children, Miriam and Aaron, rush to the Nile River, where she places her newborn son in a basket on the water, bidding him farewell with a final lullaby. Miriam follows the basket as it floats to Seti's palace and witnesses her brother safely adopted by Seti's wife, Queen Tuya, who names him Moses. Before leaving, Miriam prays that Moses will return to free the Hebrews.

Years later, Moses and his adoptive brother Rameses, heir to the throne of Egypt, are scolded by Seti for accidentally destroying a temple. After Moses suggests that Rameses be given the opportunity to prove his responsibility, Seti names Rameses prince regent. High priests Hotep and Huy offer Rameses a beautiful but rebellious young Midianite woman, Tzipporah. Moses humiliates Tzipporah by letting her fall into a pond after she refuses to submit, appeasing the crowd but disappointing Tuya. Rameses gives Tzipporah to Moses and appoints him Royal Chief Architect.

Later that night, Moses follows Tzipporah as she escapes from the palace, choosing not to stop her. He runs into the now-adult Miriam and Aaron who he does not recognize. He disbelieves their claims and almost has them arrested until Miriam sings their mother's lullaby, triggering Moses's memory. He flees in denial, but learns the truth of Seti's genocide from a nightmare, then from Seti himself, who disturbs Moses by claiming the Hebrews were "only slaves". The next day, Moses tries to stop an Egyptian slave driver from flogging an elderly Hebrew slave, accidentally pushing the slave driver to his death. Horrified and ashamed, Moses flees into the desert in exile, despite Rameses's pleas that he stay.

Arriving at an oasis, Moses defends three girls from brigands, only to realize their older sister is Tzipporah. Moses is welcomed by Jethro, Tzipporah's father and the high priest of Midian, who helps Moses gain a more positive outlook on life. Moses becomes a shepherd, falls in love with Tzipporah, marries her, and grows adjusted to life in Midian. Moses discovers a burning bush, through which God tells him to return to Egypt and free the Hebrews. God bestows Moses's shepherding staff with his power and promises that he will tell Moses what to say. When Moses tells Tzipporah of his task, she decides to join him.

Arriving in Egypt, Moses is happily greeted by Rameses, who is now Pharaoh with a wife and son. Moses demands the Hebrews' release and transforms his staff into a snake to demonstrate God's power. Hotep and Huy deceptively recreate this transformation, only to have their snakes eaten by Moses's. Not wanting to have his actions cause the empire's collapse and feeling betrayed by Moses, Rameses denies Moses's demand and doubles the Hebrews' workload.

The Hebrews, including Aaron, blame Moses for their increased workload, discouraging Moses. However, Miriam inspires Moses to persevere. Moses casts the first of the Ten Plagues of Egypt by changing the waters of the Nile into blood, but Rameses remains unmoved. God inflicts eight more plagues onto Egypt, including the plagues of frogs, boils, and hailfire, but still Rameses refuses to relent, vowing never to release the Hebrews. Disheartened, Moses prepares the Hebrews for the tenth plague, instructing them to sacrifice a lamb and mark their doorposts with its blood. That night, the final plague kills all the firstborn children of Egypt, including Rameses's young son, while passing over the Hebrews' marked homes. Grief-stricken, Rameses gives the Hebrews permission to leave. After leaving the palace, Moses collapses in anguish and remorse.

The following morning, Moses, Miriam, Aaron and Tzipporah lead the Hebrews out of Egypt. Once at the Red Sea, a vengeful Rameses pursues them with his army, intent on killing them. However, a pillar of fire blocks the army's way, while Moses uses his staff to part the sea. The Hebrews cross the open sea bottom; the fire vanishes and the army gives chase, but the sea closes over and drowns the Egyptian soldiers, sparing Rameses alone. Moses mournfully bids Rameses farewell and leads the Hebrews to Mount Sinai, where he receives the Ten Commandments.

Voice cast

 Val Kilmer as Moses, a Hebrew who was adopted by Pharaoh Seti and Queen Tuya
 Kilmer also provides the uncredited voice of God
 Amick Byram provides Moses's singing voice
 Ralph Fiennes as Rameses, Moses's adoptive brother and eventual successor to Seti
 Michelle Pfeiffer as Tzipporah, Jethro's oldest daughter and Moses's wife
 Sandra Bullock as Miriam, Aaron's sister and Moses's biological sister
 Sally Dworsky provides Miriam's singing voice
 Eden Riegel provides the voice of a younger Miriam
 Jeff Goldblum as Aaron, Miriam's brother and Moses's biological brother
 Danny Glover as Jethro, Tzipporah's father and Midian's high priest
 Brian Stokes Mitchell provides Jethro's singing voice
 Patrick Stewart as Pharaoh Seti, Rameses's father and Moses's adoptive father, the Pharaoh at the beginning of the film
 Helen Mirren as Queen Tuya, Seti's wife, Rameses's mother, and Moses's adoptive mother
 Linda Dee Shayne provides Tuya's singing voice
 Steve Martin as Hotep, one of the high priests who serves as an advisor to Seti, and later Rameses. He is short and fat.
 Martin Short as Huy, Hotep's fellow high priest. He is tall and thin.
 Ofra Haza as Yocheved, Miriam and Aaron's mother and Moses's biological mother. She sang her character's number, "Deliver Us", in English and 17 other languages for the film's dubbing.
 Bobby Motown as Amun, Rameses's son
 Francesca Marie Smith as Ephorah, Jethro's second daughter
 Stephanie Sawyer as Ajolidoforah, Jethro's third daughter
 Aria Noelle Curzon as Jethrodiadah, Jethro's youngest daughter
 Anne Lockhart as Hebrew Woman
 James Avery as Overseer
Director Brenda Chapman briefly voices Miriam when she sings the lullaby to Moses. The vocals had been recorded for a scratch audio track, which was intended to be replaced later by Dworsky. The track turned out so well that it remained in the film.

Production

Development

Former Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg had always wanted to do an animated adaptation of The Ten Commandments for Walt Disney Animation Studios. While working for Disney, Katzenberg initially pitched this idea to The Walt Disney Company CEO Michael Eisner, but Eisner turned it down in order to keep in line with Disney's neutral stance towards religion. This became one of the many reasons for Katzenberg's growing friction with Eisner and the Disney board of directors, eventually leading to his resignation from the company. Walt Disney Animation Studios would later release their own religious-themed film, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, in 1996, which Katzenberg had greenlit prior to his departure and coincidentally also features musical contributions from Stephen Schwartz and Boyz II Men.

The idea for the film was brought back at the formation of DreamWorks Pictures in 1994, when Katzenberg's partners, Amblin Entertainment founder Steven Spielberg, and music producer David Geffen, were meeting in Spielberg's living room. Katzenberg recalls that Spielberg looked at him during the meeting and said, "You ought to do The Ten Commandments."

The Prince of Egypt was "written" throughout the story process. Beginning with a starting outline, story supervisors Kelly Asbury and Lorna Cook led a team of fourteen storyboard artists and writers as they sketched out the entire film—sequence by sequence. Once the storyboards were approved, they were put into the Avid Media Composer digital editing system by editor Nick Fletcher to create a "story reel" or animatic. The story reel allowed the filmmakers to view and edit the entire film in continuity before production began, and also helped the layout and animation departments understand what is happening in each sequence of the film.  After casting of the voice talent concluded, dialogue recording sessions began. For the film, the actors record individually in a studio under guidance by one of the three directors. The voice tracks were to become the primary aspect as to which the animators built their performances. Because DreamWorks was concerned about theological accuracy, Jeffrey Katzenberg decided to call in Biblical scholars, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim theologians, and Arab American leaders to help his film be more accurate and faithful to the original story. After previewing the developing film, all these leaders noted that the studio executives listened and responded to their ideas, and praised the studio for reaching out for comment from outside sources.

Animation and design
Art directors Kathy Altieri and Richard Chavez and production designer Darek Gogol led a team of nine visual development artists in setting a visual style for the film that was representative of the time, the scale and the architectural style of Ancient Egypt. Part of the process also included the research and collection of artwork from various artists, as well as taking part in trips such as a two-week journey across Egypt by the filmmakers before the film's production began.

Character designers Carter Goodrich, Carlos Grangel and Nico Marlet worked on setting the design and overall look of the characters. Drawing on various inspirations for the widely known characters, the team of character designers worked on designs that had a more realistic feel than the usual animated characters up to that time. Both character design and art direction worked to set a definite distinction between the symmetrical, more angular look of the Egyptians versus the more organic, natural look of the Hebrews and their related environments. The backgrounds department, headed by supervisors Paul Lasaine and Ron Lukas, oversaw a team of artists who were responsible for painting the sets/backdrops from the layouts. Within the film, approximately 934 hand-painted backgrounds were created.

The animation team for The Prince of Egypt, including 350 artists from 34 different nations, was primarily recruited both from Walt Disney Feature Animation, which had fallen under Katzenberg's auspices while at the Walt Disney Company, and from Amblimation, a defunct division of Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment. As at Disney's, character animators were grouped into teams by character: for example, Kristof Serrand, as the supervising animator of Older Moses, set the acting style of the character and assigned scenes to his team. Consideration was given to depicting the ethnicities of the ancient Egyptians, Hebrews, and Nubians properly.

There are 1,192 scenes in the film, and 1,180 contain work done by the special effects department, which animates everything in an animated scene which is not a character: blowing wind, dust, rainwater, shadows, etc. A blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery was used in the depictions of the ten plagues of Egypt and the parting of the Red Sea. The characters were animated with the digital paint software Animo by Cambridge Animation (now merged with Toon Boom Technologies), and the compositing of the 2D and 3D elements was done using the "Exposure Tool", a digital solution developed for Alias Research by Silicon Graphics. Additional final line animation was outsourced to Bardel Entertainment, Fox Animation Studios and Heart of Texas Productions.

Creating the voice of God
The task of creating God's voice was given to Lon Bender and the team working with the film's music composer, Hans Zimmer. "The challenge with that voice was to try to evolve it into something that had not been heard before," says Bender. "We did a lot of research into the voices that had been used for past Hollywood movies as well as for radio shows, and we were trying to create something that had never been previously heard not only from a casting standpoint but from a voice manipulation standpoint as well." It was decided that the voice of God would be provided by Val Kilmer, who portrayed Moses in the film, in order to indicate that God was communicating to him via the voice he would otherwise perceive in his mind, as opposed to the "larger-than-life tones" used to portray God in previous theatrical releases.

Music

Composer and lyricist Stephen Schwartz began working on writing songs for the film from the beginning of its production. As the story evolved, he continued to write songs that would serve both to entertain and help move the story along. Composer Hans Zimmer arranged and produced the songs and then eventually wrote the film's score. The film's score was recorded entirely in London.

Three soundtrack albums were released simultaneously for The Prince of Egypt, each of them aimed towards a different target audience. While the other two accompanying records, the country-themed "Nashville" soundtrack and the gospel-based "Inspirational" soundtrack, functioned as film tributes, the official The Prince of Egypt soundtrack contained the actual songs from the film. This album combines elements from the score composed by Hans Zimmer and film songs by Stephen Schwartz. The songs were either voiced over by professional singers, such as Salisbury Cathedral Choir, or sung by the film's voice actors, such as Michelle Pfeiffer and Ofra Haza. Various tracks by contemporary artists such as K-Ci & JoJo and Boyz II Men were added, including the Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston duet "When You Believe", a Babyface rewrite of the original Schwartz composition, sung by Michelle Pfeiffer and Sally Dworsky in the film.

Release
The Prince of Egypt had its premiere at UCLA's Royce Hall on December 16, 1998, with its wide release occurring two days later. Despite being the inaugural production by DreamWorks Animation, it wound up the second to get a theatrical release, as Antz was rushed to reach theatres in October. The international release occurred simultaneously with that of the United States, as according to DreamWorks' distribution chief Jim Tharp, opening one week prior to the "global holiday" of Christmas, audiences all over the world would be available at the same time.

The accompanying marketing campaign was aimed to appeal to adults, usually averse to animated films. Merchandising was limited to a line of collectable figures and books. Walmart served as a promotional partner and offered in stores a package featuring two tickets to The Prince of Egypt, a storybook and the film's soundtrack. The Prince of Egypt: Classic Edition storybook, published by Dutton Children's Books in 1998, was written by Jane Yolen and illustrated by Michael Koelsch. Koelsch received an honorable mention from the Society of Illustrators for this book's illustrations.

A 4K restoration of the film, remastered from the original 35mm camera negative under the supervision of the film's directors, premiered at the 2018 Annecy International Animation Film Festival in June 2018, to commemorate the film's 20th anniversary.

Home media
The Prince of Egypt was released on DVD, VHS, and LaserDisc on September 14, 1999. The ownership of the film was assumed by DreamWorks Animation when that company split from DreamWorks Pictures in 2004; as of July 2018, the rights to the film are now owned by Universal Pictures via its acquisition of DWA. A Blu-ray of the movie was released on October 16, 2018. For the 25th anniversary of the film, a 4K Blu-ray utilizing the remastered print from the 2018 Annecy Film Festival screening, was released on March 14, 2023. However, every release of the film on home media prior to the 4K Blu-ray used a 35mm interpositive print of the film, rather than using the original files to encode the movie directly to digital.

Reception

Box office
The Prince of Egypt grossed  in the United States and Canada, and  in other territories, for a worldwide total of .

In its opening weekend, the film grossed $14.5 million (a $4,658 average) from 3,118 theaters, finishing second place at the box office, behind You've Got Mail. The opening was seen as somewhat disappointing given the film's high production and promotional costs, as well as the studios faith in the project, and industry insiders had doubts it could leg out to $100 million domestically. Due to the holiday season, the film gained 4% in its second weekend, earning $15.1 million and finishing in fourth place. It would hold well in its third weekend, with only a 25% drop to $11.2 million for a $3,511 average from 3,202 theaters and once again finishing in fourth place.

Critical response
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 79% based on 92 reviews and an average rating of 7.1/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "The Prince of Egypts stunning visuals and first-rate voice cast more than compensate for the fact that it's better crafted than it is emotionally involving." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 64 out of 100 based on 26 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the film in his review saying, "The Prince of Egypt is one of the best-looking animated films ever made. It employs computer-generated animation as an aid to traditional techniques, rather than as a substitute for them, and we sense the touch of human artists in the vision behind the Egyptian monuments, the lonely desert vistas, the thrill of the chariot race, the personalities of the characters. This is a film that shows animation growing up and embracing more complex themes, instead of chaining itself in the category of children's entertainment." Richard Corliss of Time magazine gave a negative review of the film saying, "The film lacks creative exuberance, any side pockets of joy." Stephen Hunter from The Washington Post praised the film saying, "The movie's proudest accomplishment is that it revises our version of Moses toward something more immediate and believable, more humanly knowable."

Lisa Alspector from the Chicago Reader praised the film and wrote, "The blend of animation techniques somehow demonstrates mastery modestly, while the special effects are nothing short of magnificent." Houston Chronicle Jeff Millar reviewed by saying, "The handsomely animated Prince of Egypt is an amalgam of Hollywood biblical epic, Broadway supermusical and nice Sunday school lesson." James Berardinelli from Reelviews highly praised the film saying, "The animation in The Prince of Egypt is truly top-notch, and is easily a match for anything Disney has turned out in the last decade", and also wrote "this impressive achievement uncovers yet another chink in Disney's once-impregnable animation armor." Liam Lacey of The Globe and Mail gave a somewhat negative review and wrote, "Prince of Egypt is spectacular but takes itself too seriously." MovieGuide also reviewed the film favorably, saying that "The Prince of Egypt takes animated movies to a new level of entertainment. Magnificent art, music, story, and realization combine to make The Prince of Egypt one of the most entertaining masterpieces of all time."

Retrospective reception
Since its release, the film continues to receive acclaim from critics and audiences alike. When the film reached its 20th anniversary, SyFy made a retrospective review of The Prince of Egypt, calling it the greatest animated film of all time, predominantly due to its voice cast, animation, characters, cinematography, and most importantly, its musical score. Lisa Laman of Collider wrote that it "stands out" among the other films in DreamWorks Animation's catalog for its dark but inspirational and uplifting tone when compared to the studio's later titles. Laman further noted that the film is "content to let these kinds of dark moments simmer. Sadness is allowed to wash over the audience rather than get undercut by abrupt jokes," and he called it the studio's best film.

Julia Polster of The Daily Pennsylvanian wrote that the film showcases "complex emotions and history in ways even children can appreciate" and positively compared its handling of the portrayal of Jews under oppression to Steven Spielberg's film Schindler's List (1993) and the stage musicals Fiddler on the Roof and Parade. She went on to explain how the film continues to remain relevant and essential in modern times, in part due to an increase of antisemitism and Holocaust denial in the United States during the early months of 2020, saying, "This lack of security is why films like The Prince of Egypt and its more adult counterparts must exist: to teach in an accessible way. As we move l'dor vador—from generation to generation in Hebrew—I feel lucky to have films that carry on the history and legacy of Judaism."

For The Film Magazine, Katie Doyle in her 2015 retrospective called the film's portrayal of Moses's encounter with God's voice coming through the burning bush as "a masterpiece of animation and is possibly one of the best depictions of God I've ever seen", and she wrote that, for younger viewers, it is "a shining example of a children's movie that delivers mature content to children in a manner that is not too frightening but still gets the deep message across".

It has appeared on many lists as among the best animated films of all time. Jackson Lockhart of Comic Book Resources ranked it first place on his list of the top 10 non-Disney animated musical films, writing that the "songs and visuals are transcendent and packed with symbolism, such as God collapsing a statue of Amun-Ra, the Egyptian God of the sun, before inflicting his plague of darkness". Hannah Shortt of MovieWeb ranked it at number 8 on her list of the "Best Animated Movies From the 1990s", saying that placing Moses and Ramases' relationship as brothers at the forefront of the film's focus helped make the story feel new and fresh for a modern audience. Jacob Oller of Paste named it the third-best DreamWorks Animation film of all time, calling it "dark, beautiful, and filled with songs as epic as its visuals". It was also voted number 40 on the "Top 100 Animated Features of All Time" list by the Online Film Critics Society, published in March 2003.

Cultural impact
The film has also developed a cult following, which helped it see a resurgence in visibility during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, most notably when Cynthia Erivo and Shoshana Bean, with piano accompaniment by Stephen Schwartz, performed a rendition of "When You Believe" during the virtual Saturday Night Seder that April, in response to the shutdown of Broadway and the film's stage musical adaptation suspending performances in the West End. The performance was well-received and their rendition was released as a single on June 30, 2020 to benefit the Jews for Racial and Economic Justice organization. In November 2021, the "River Lullaby" leitmotif became the subject of a TikTok mash-up between that and Hans Zimmer's "Gom Jabbar" score cue from the 2021 film adaptation of Dune, created by Nashville singer JADA. The video went viral on the platform within its first 24 hours, garnering 2.3 million views and over 500,000 likes.

In July 2023, to celebrate the film's 25-year anniversary, many crew members who worked on the film, including directors Brenda Chapman, Steve Hickner and Simon Wells, songwriter Stephen Schwartz, and cast members Amick Byram and Eden Riegel, reunited by participating in a 3-hour livestream on YouTube on The Tammy Tuckey Show. The event had been organized ahead of time.

Censorship
The Prince of Egypt was banned in the Maldives, Malaysia and Egypt, all state Islam countries, on the grounds that Islamic prophets (who include Moses) are not to be visually depicted. The film was also banned in Indonesia, but was later released in video CD format.

The Supreme Council of Islamic Affairs in the Maldives stated: "All prophets and messengers of God are revered in Islam, and therefore cannot be portrayed". Following this ruling, the censor board banned the film in January 1999. In the same month, the Film Censorship Board of Malaysia banned the film "so as not to offend the country's majority Muslim population." The board's secretary said that the censor body ruled the film was "insensitive for religious and moral reasons".

Accolades

American Film Institute recognition
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
 2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
 "When You Believe" – Nominated

Prequel

In November 2000, DreamWorks Animation released Joseph: King of Dreams, a direct-to-video prequel based on the story of Joseph from the Book of Genesis. The project began during production of The Prince of Egypt, employing some of the same animation crew and featuring director Steve Hickner as an executive producer.

Stage musical

A stage musical adaptation debuted at TheatreWorks in Mountain View, California on October 14, 2017. The show had an international premiere on April 6, 2018, in Denmark at the Fredericia Teater. It made its West End debut at the Dominion Theatre on February 5, 2020, with an official opening on February 25 and was to spend a 39-week engagement through October 31, 2020. Performances were then halted on March 17, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The show reopened on July 1, 2021, and ran through January 8, 2022. The production was filmed by Universal Pictures Content Group and STEAM Motion + Sound for a future broadcast, and was released in theaters on October 19, 2023.

See also
 List of films featuring slavery

Notes

  In July 2014, the film's distribution rights were purchased by DreamWorks Animation from Paramount Pictures and transferred to 20th Century Fox. The rights were moved to Universal Pictures in 2018 after the buyout of DreamWorks Animation by Comcast/NBCUniversal.

  During the production of The Prince of Egypt, DreamWorks had hoped that the film would be a box office success, so they had been pressuring employees to work on the film, but if they were unable to work on the film, they were then forced to work on Shrek, which was expected to flop. Despite this, Shrek was the victor in the box office, as The Prince of Egypt was only a moderate success.

References

Further reading

External links

1998 films
1990s English-language films
1998 animated films
1990s adventure films
1990s American animated films
1990s musical drama films
1998 musical films
1990s romance films
American children's animated adventure films
American children's animated drama films
American children's animated musical films
American adventure drama films
American coming-of-age films
American epic films
American musical drama films
American romantic drama films
Animated coming-of-age films
Animated romance films
Animated films about brothers
Animated films about orphans
Best Animated Feature Broadcast Film Critics Association Award winners
Censored films
Religious controversies in animation
Religious controversies in film
DreamWorks Animation animated films
DreamWorks Pictures films
Musicals based on the Bible
Films scored by Hans Zimmer
Animated films about Jews and Judaism
Films about slavery
Animated films about Christianity
Films about Islam
Films about the ten plagues of Egypt
Films based on the Book of Exodus
Films directed by Brenda Chapman
Films directed by Simon Wells
Films directed by Steve Hickner
Films set in the 13th century BC
Animated films set in ancient Egypt
Animated films set in palaces
Films that won the Best Original Song Academy Award
Fiction about God
Portrayals of Moses in film
Cultural depictions of Ramesses II
Religious drama films
Religious epic films
Films with screenplays by Nicholas Meyer
Films with screenplays by Philip LaZebnik
Seti I
Films adapted into plays
1998 directorial debut films
1998 drama films
1990s children's animated films
Animated films based on the Hebrew Bible

The Prince of Egypt


Det nye Kina er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1972 instrueret af Jens Bjerre.

Handling

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1972

Det nye Kina


Amanitaceae, lamelli mantarlar (Agaricales) takımından bir mantar familyası.

Cinsler
 Amanita
 Limacella
 Torrendia

Amanitaceae


Verdun ist eine U-Bahn-Station in Montreal. Sie befindet sich im Arrondissement Verdun an der Kreuzung von Rue de Verdun und Rue Willibrord. Hier verkehren Züge der grünen Linie 1. Im Jahr 2019 nutzten 1.911.387 Fahrgäste die Station, was dem 55. Rang unter den insgesamt 68 Stationen der Metro Montreal entspricht.

Bauwerk

Die von Jean-Maurice Dubé entworfene Station entstand in offener Bauweise, bedingt durch das Vorhandensein von weichem Utica-Schiefer, was den Tunnelbau stark erschwerte. Aus dieser Bauweise heraus ergab sich eine sehr hohe und äußerst geräumige Halle. Lebhafte Farben und Dekorationen lockern die weiten Flächen auf. Über die Gleise spannt sich die Verteilerebene in Form einer Brücke. Fenster an der Decke lassen das Tageslicht hinabscheinen. Es gibt zwei Eingangspavillon; einer ist ein freistehender Glas-Beton-Bau, der andere ist in eine Häuserzeile integriert.

In 21,9 Metern Tiefe befindet sich die Bahnsteigebene mit zwei Seitenbahnsteigen. Die Entfernungen zu den benachbarten Stationen, jeweils von Stationsende zu Stationsanfang gemessen, betragen 761,39 Meter bis Jolicoeur und 563,86 Meter bis De L'Église. Es bestehen Anschlüsse zu sechs Buslinien und einer Nachtbuslinie der Société de transport de Montréal.

Kunst
Reliefs von Antoine Lamarche und Claude Théberge ziehen sich durch die gesamte Station. Der Anblick des oberen Teils der hohen und ausgedehnten Betonwände wird durch verschiedene geometrische Formen belebt. Über den unteren Teil der Wände ziehen sich rote und violette Streifen. Die Dekorationen hellen die Station auf und tragen dazu bei, dass sie nicht erdrückend wirkt.

Geschichte
Die Eröffnung der Station erfolgte am 3. September 1978, zusammen mit dem Teilstück Atwater–Angrignon der grünen Linie. Namensgeber ist die Rue de Verdun. Der Name lässt sich bis ins späte 17. Jahrhundert zurückverfolgen und geht auf Saverdun, das französische Heimatdorf des lokalen Seigneurs Zacharie Dupuis, zurück.

Weblinks

 Seite der STM über die Station Verdun (französisch)
 Detaillierte Informationen zur Station Verdun (französisch)

Einzelnachweise

Station der Metro Montreal
Erbaut in den 1970er Jahren

Verdun (Metro Montreal)


පසුකාලීන සිල්ලා (668–935, හංගුල්: 후신라; හන්ජා: 後新羅; ප්‍ර.රෝ.: හුෂිලා, ) හෙවත් එක්සත් සිල්ලා (හංගුල්:통일신라; හන්ජා: 統一新羅, ) යනුවෙන් බොහෝ අවස්ථාවල හැඳින්වෙන්නේ කොරියාවේ තුන් රාජධානි අතුරින් එකක් වන සිල්ලා රාජධානියම ය. නමුත් මෙම නම භාවිතා වන්නේ සිල්ලා රාජධානිය විසින් 660දී බෙක්ජේ රාජ්‍යය සහ 668දී ගොගුර්යෝ රාජ්‍යය යටත් කරගෙන කොරියානු අර්ධද්වීපයේ දකුණු සහ මධ්‍යම ප්‍රදේශ එක්සත් කළ පසුව බිහිවූ භූමියට ය. පසුකාලීන සිල්ලා රාජධානිය සමෘද්ධිමත් සහ ධනවත් රාජ්‍යයක් විය. එහි ජනාකීර්ණ අගනුවර වූ ග්යොංජු ලෝකයේ සිව්වන විශාලතම නගරය විය. රාජ්‍යයේ සමෘද්ධිමත් සමයේ එක්සත් සිල්ලාව උතුරුදිග ප්‍රදේශයේ අධිකාරීත්වය පවත්වා ගැනීමට ගොගුර්යෝ-මොහේ ජනයාගෙන් සැදුම්ලත් රාජධානියක් වූ බල්හේ රාජධානිය සමග තරග වැදුණේ ය. රාජධානිය පැවති සමය පුරා, ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන්ම යටත් වැසියන්ව සිටි බෙක්ජේ සහ ගොගුර්යෝ කැරලිකාර කණ්ඩායම්වල කුමන්ත්‍රණ නිසා දේශපාලන ව්‍යාකූල ස්වභාවයක් පැවතියේ ය. මේ නිසා පසුකාලීනව 9වන සියවසේ දී, පසුකාලීන තුන් රාජධානි යුගය නිර්මාණය විය.

දේශපාලන අතින් අස්ථාවර ස්වභාවයක් පැවතිය ද, පසුකාලීන සිල්ලාව තුළ සංස්කෘතිය සහ කලා අංශ දියුණුවට පත් විය. ටෑං රාජවංශය සමග පැවැත්වූ සමීප සම්බන්ධතා හේතුවෙන්, බුදු දහම සහ කොන්ෆියුසියානුවාදය විද්වත් ජනයාගේ ප්‍රධාන මූලධර්මීය දර්ශනයන් මෙන්ම යුගයේ ගෘහනිර්මාණ අංග සහ ලලිත කලාවන් සඳහා තේමාව බවට පත් විය. මෙහි අවසන් රජු වූ ග්යොංසුන් රාජ්‍යය පාලනය කළේ නාමිකව පමණක් වන අතර, 635දී ඔහු ගොර්යෝවට යටත් වූයේ රාජවංශය අවසන් කරමිනි.

සම්ප්‍රදායිකව පළමු එක්සත් කොරියානු රාජ්‍යය ලෙස එක්සත් සිල්ලාව සැලකුණ ද, වර්තමාන කොරියානු ඉතිහාසඥයන් පවසන්නේ සැබැවින්ම කොරියානු ජාතියේ පළමු සත්‍ය එක්සත් රාජධානිය පසුකාලීන ගොර්යෝව බවයි.

නම

වර්තමාන කොරියානු ඉතිහසඥයින් විසින් කොරියාව එක්සත් කිරීමක් ලෙස සම්ප්‍රදායිකව එක්සත් සිල්ලාව සලකා තිබීම පිළිබඳ නොයෙකුත් විවේචන නගා ඇත. මෙම දෘෂ්ටිකෝණය අනුව, කොරියාව එක්සත් කළ පළමු රාජධානිය වන්නේ ගොර්යෝවයි. එයට හේතුව වන්නේ "එක්සත් සිල්ලා"ව ස්ථාපනය කළ යුගයේම කොරියානු අර්ධද්වීපයට අයත් භූමියේ උතුරු පෙදෙසේ පාලනය බල්හේ රාජ්‍යය යටතේ පැවතීමයි.

එක්සත් කිරීම

660දී, සිල්ලාහි මුන්මු රජු සිය හමුදාවන්ට බෙක්ජේ රාජ්‍යයට පහර දීමට අණකළේ ය. ටෑං සේනාවල සහාය ලත් කිම් යු-ෂින් සෙන්පතියා විසින් ග්යේබෙක් සෙන්පතියාව පරාජය කොට බෙක්ජේ රාජ්‍යය යටත් කරග්නනා ලදී. 661දී ඔහු ගොගුර්යෝව ද ආක්‍රමණය කළ මුත්, එය අසාර්ථක විය. ගෝජොසොන්හි බිඳවැටීමෙන් පසු කොරියානු අර්ධද්වීපයේ දකුණු පෙදෙස ඒකීය පාලනයකට ගෙන ඒමට සමත්වූ පළමු පාලකයා ද මුන්මු රජු ය. එසේ වුව ද, පශ්චාත්-668 සිල්ලා රාජධානිය ද බොහෝවිට හඳුන්වා ඇත්තේ එක්සත් සිල්ලා යන නාමයෙනි. එක්සත් සිල්ලාව වර්ෂ 237ක් පමණ පැවති අතර, 935දී ග්යොංසුන් රජ සමයේ එය ගොර්යෝවට යටත් විය.

සංස්කෘතිය
මධ්‍යකාලීන නැගෙනහිර ආසියාවේ ෆීනීෂියාව බඳුවූ බෙක්ජේ රාජ්‍යයේ නාවික පරාක්‍රමය පසුකාලීන සිල්ලාව සතු විය. 8වන සහ 9වන සියවස්වල දී, එය නැගෙනහිර ආසියාවේ මුහුදුවල ප්‍රමුඛත්වයට පැමිණි අතර චීනය, කොරියාව හා ජපානය අතර වෙළඳ සම්බන්ධතා දියුණුව පැවතිණි. මෙය විශේෂයෙන්ම ජං බොගෝගේ සමයේ සිදු විය. සිල්ලා ජනයා චීනයේ ෂැන්ඩොං අර්ධද්වීපය සහ යැංසි ගංගාවේ මුවදොර වැනි විදෙස් ප්‍රදේශවල සිය ජනාවාස ද පිහිටුවූහ.

පසුකාලීන සිල්ලාව කලාවේ සංස්කෘතියේ ස්වර්ණමය යුගයක් විය. මේ බවට සාධක හ්වංන්‍යොංසා, සොක්ගුරාම්, සහ එමිල් ඝණ්ටාරය තුළින් ලැබේ. මෙකල බුදු දහම වැජඹුණු අතර, බොහෝ කොරියානු බෞද්ධයින් චීන බෞද්ධයින්ගේ ගෞරවාදරයට පාත්‍ර විය. ඔවුහු චීන බුදු දහම හැඩගැස්වීමට දායක වූහ. මේ අතරට වොන්ච්‍යුක්, වොන්හ්යෝ, උයිසං, මුසං, සහ කිම් ග්යෝ-ගක් වැනි පුද්ගලයන් අයත් වේ. සිල්ලා කුමරකු වූ කිම් ග්යෝ-ගක් විසින් ජියුහුවා කන්ද චීන බුදු දහමේ එන පූජනීය කඳු සතරෙන් එකක් ලෙස නම් කිරීමට දායක වී ති‍බේ.

එක්සත් සිල්ලාව සහ ටෑං රාජවංශය අතර සමීප සබඳතා පැවතිණි. මේ බවට සාක්ෂි චීන සංස්කෘතිය සිල්ලාව කෙරෙහි කෙතරම් බලපා ඇති ද යන්න තුළින් පෙනේ. බොහෝ කොරියානු භික්ෂූන් චීනය වෙත ගොස් බුදු දහම ඉගෙනගෙන තිබේ. හ්යෙචෝ නැමැති භික්ෂුව බුදු දහම ඉගෙනීම සඳහා ඉන්දියාව වෙත ගමන් කොට ඇති අතර, උන් වහන්සේගේ සංචාරක සටහන්වල මේ පිළිබඳ විස්තර දැක්වේ. මෙවැනි විදෙස් අධ්‍යාපනය හදාළ සංචාරක භික්ෂූන් විසින් සොන් සහ ශුද්ධ භූමි බුදු දහම වැනි බුදු දහමේ නව වෙනස් නිකායයන් හඳුන්වා දී තිබේ.

පසුකාලීන සිල්ලාව එහි නගරවල ප්‍රමාණය සහ ජනගහනය මෙන්ම අශ්වයින්, එ‍ළදෙනුන් හා විශේෂ නිපැයුම් නිර්ණය කිරීමට ජන සංගණනයක් සිදු කොට තිබේ. මෙම දත්ත මින්ජොංමුන්සෝ (민정문서) හි ඇතුළත් කොට ඇත. මෙම වාර්තා තැබීම් සිදුකරන ලද්දේ සෑම නගරයකම ප්‍රධානීවරුන් විසිනි.

682දී ජාතික කොන්ෆියුසියානු ශාස්ත්‍රාලයක් ස්ථාපිත කෙරිණි. 750 අවට එය ජාතික කොන්ෆියුසියානු විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය ලෙස යළි නම්කෙරිණි. මෙම විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය උසස් වංශවතුන්ට පමණක් සීමා විය.

ලී කුට්ටි මුද්‍රණය
බෞද්ධ සූත්‍ර සහ කොන්ෆියුසියානු කෘති ව්‍යාප්ති කිරීමට ලී කුට්ටි මුද්‍රණ ක්‍රමය (Woodblock printing) භාවිතා කෙරිණි. සෙවණැලි ඇතිනොවන ස්තූපයේ ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණ කටයුතුවල දී බෞද්ධ සූත්‍රයක පුරාතන මුද්‍රණ පිටපතක් හමු විය.මෙම මුද්‍රණ පිටපත ක්‍රි.ව. 751ට අයත් යැයි කාල නිර්ණය කොට ඇති අතර, මෙය ලොව මෙතෙක් සොයා ගෙන ඇති පැරණිතම මුද්‍රිත මාධ්‍යය ලෙස සැලකේ.

මේවාත් බලන්න
 කොරියාව හා සම්බන්ධ මාතෘකා ලැයිස්තුව

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

935 අහෝසි කිරීම්
සිල්ලා
සිල්ලා
කොරියානු ඉතිහාසයේ පැරණි රටවල්
668දී ස්ථාපිත රාජ්‍ය සහ භූමි
668 ස්ථාපිත කිරීම්

පසුකාලීන සිල්ලා


Karin Cecilia Ontiveros Meza (n. 5 de febrero de 1988, Amatitán, Jalisco, México) es una modelo y exreina de belleza mexicana ganadora del concurso Nuestra Belleza México 2010. Representó a México en el concurso Miss Universo 2011.

Biografía
Es hija del Doctor J. Raúl Andres Ontiveros y Cecilia Meza, sus hermanos Raul y Jhonatan Ontiveros Meza.
Estudió en el Centro Universitario de Arte Arquitectura y Diseño (CUAAD) de Guadalajara la licenciatura diseño industrial.

En el 2010 ganó Nuestra Belleza Jalisco dándole la posibilidad de representar al estado de Jalisco en el evento Versión del 2010 de Nuestra Belleza México, ganando a Cynthia de la Vega (Miss Mundo México—poco después fue derrocada)

El 12 de septiembre de 2011 se realizó el concurso de Miss Universo 2011 llevado a cabo en São Paulo y que tuvo como ganadora a la angoleña Leila Lopes.

En 2015 contrajo matrimonio con el empresario Álvaro Aguilar Rodríguez. Actualmente residen en Guadalajara, Jalisco.

Reina de belleza
Como Nuestra Belleza México 2010 viajó a muchos lugares, comenzando una buena preparación ya que su predecesora de reinado Ximena Navarrete (Miss Jalisco y Miss México) había ganado la pasada versión de Miss Universo.

Miss Universo 2011
Tras ser favorita en diversas encuestas y foros para ganar la competencia de Miss Universo 2011. La jalisciense no clasificó en la primera ronda de semifinalistas, lo cual ocasionó severas críticas a la organización de Nuestra Belleza México.

Medios de comunicación
Ontiveros anunció a través de su cuenta de Twitter que será la portadora del Heraldo de México en los próximos Juegos Panamericanos de Guadalajara 2011.

Además, la bella Miss México participó de los festejos por el Día de la Independencia, e incluso pudo conocer personalmente al presidente Felipe Calderón.

De 2013 a 2014 formó parte de la cadena ESPN Latinoamérica como presentadora y modelo, principalmente en el programa matutino Toque Inicial.

Enlaces externos
 Miss Mexico Beauty
 Facebook de Karin Ontiveros

Referencias

Delegadas de Miss Universo 2011
Reinas de belleza

Karin Ontiveros


REXX (REstructured eXtended eXecutor) programlama dili, IBM'in ürettiği, yorumlayıcı temelli bir betik programlama dilidir.

20 Mart 1979 da başlayan ve 1982 yılının ortalarına kadar süren, IBM'de çalışan Mike Cowlishaw tarafından yürütülen bir proje olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Çıktığı ilk yıllarda kullanımı yaygın olan anaçatı (mainframe) bilgisayarları üzerinde çalışan işletim dizgelerine ait üst-seviye programlama dillerinin hantallığını geride bırakacak kadar hızlı çalışan programların geliştirilmesinde kullanılan REXX, zaman içerisinde orta-boy iş istasyonları, kişisel iş istasyonları ve kişisel bilgisayarlar üzerinde çalışan işletim dizgelerinde de kullanılır hale gelmiştir.

Kendisini yorumlayabilen özel yazımlayıcıların ve orta-katman yazılım ürünlerinin ortaya çıkışı ile birlikte, REXX programlama dili bir makro programlama dili olarak kullanılmaya başlandı. Bu konudaki ilk uygulamalar; VM/CMS işletim dizgesi yazımlayıcısı XEDIT editörü, OS/2 işletim dizgesi EPM.EXE programı, ISPF tümleşik geliştirme ortamı ve Lotus Tümleşik Ofis Otomasyon yazılımıdır.

Günümüzde nesne yönelimli programlamaya yönelik uyarlaması olan Object REXX ve insan yönelimli programlamaya yönelik uyarlaması olan Net REXX ismindeki iki farklı türevi vardır.

Türkiye'de tam olarak bilinmeyen ve kullanımı yaygın olmayan REXX programlama dili, dünya üzerinde geniş bir kullanım alanına sahiptir. Üstelik kendisi hakkında uluslararası konumda "REXX Language Association" isimli bir dernek de mevcuttur

Dış bağlantılar
 REXX Programlama Dili Birliği Resmi Sitesi  (REXX Language Association)
 IBM'in REXX sayfası
 Mike Cowlishaw'un IBM'deki sayfası

Betik dilleri
Metin tabanlı programlama dilleri
Kabuk programlama
Çapraz platform yazılımları
Programlama dilleri

REXX


Der Landtagswahlkreis Märkischer Kreis IV war ein Landtagswahlkreis in Nordrhein-Westfalen, der zwischen 1980 und 2000 bestand. Er umfasste die Städte Menden (Sauerland), Hemer, Balve und Neuenrade im Märkischen Kreis und trug die Wahlkreisnummer 151.

Der Wahlkreis wurde zur Landtagswahl 2005 aufgelöst. Die Städte gehören seitdem gemeinsam mit der Stadt Plettenberg zum Wahlkreis Märkischer Kreis II. Vor 1980 war Balve Teil des Wahlkreises Arnsberg. Hemer und Teile von Menden gehörten zum Wahlkreis Iserlohn-Stadt – Iserlohn-Land II, das übrige Stadtgebiet von Menden wiederum zum Wahlkreis Iserlohn-Land I. Neuenrade lag im Wahlkreis Lüdenscheid I.

Wahlergebnisse

Direkt gewählte Abgeordnete des Landtagswahlkreises Märkischer Kreis IV waren:
 1980: Hermann-Josef Geismann (CDU)
 1985: Hagen Müller (SPD)
 1990: Hagen Müller (SPD) wurde das Mandat nach einer Nachzählung 1992 zugesprochen, zuvor hatte Petra Böckelmann (CDU) den Wahlkreis im Landtag vertreten.
 1995: Hubert Schulte (CDU)
 2000: Hubert Schulte (CDU)

Einzelnachweise

Markischer Kreis IV
Landtagswahlkreis Markischer Kreis IV

Landtagswahlkreis Märkischer Kreis IV


البَقـّـرِيّ العِمْلَاقْ  هو النوع الثالث من الأنواع البَقّريِّة.
أُكتشف في البرازيل عام 2000 من قبل عالم الطبيعة الهولندي مارك فان روسمالين.

طالع

 جنس البقري
 البقري ذو الياقة

المراجع

بيكارية
ثدييات البرازيل
ثدييات بوليفيا
ثدييات وصفت في 2007
حيوانات أمريكا الجنوبية الضخمة
حيوانات الأمازون
خنزيريات

بقري عملاق


Der Zülowkanal ist ein linker Zufluss der Notte in den Landkreisen Teltow-Fläming und Dahme-Spreewald im Bundesland Brandenburg (Deutschland). Er entwässert auf einer Länge von 11,7 km den Rangsdorfer See zur Dahme hin. Sein Einzugsgebiet umfasst eine Fläche von 123 km².

Der Zülowkanal wurde 1856/1857 erbaut um die angrenzenden Sumpfwiesen zu entwässern. Bauherr war Karl Magnus von Zülow, Besitzer des Gutes Dahlewitz und Namensgeber des Gewässers. Mit Inbetriebnahme am 25. April 1857 wurde der Spiegel des Rangsdorfer Sees um 65 Zentimeter abgesenkt. In den 1970er Jahren folgte eine weitere Vertiefung, die auch das Sohlengefälle verstärkte. Seitdem hat er eine mittlere Breite von vier Metern und ist 50 bis 80 Zentimeter tief. Auch der 2 Kilometer lange Kanalabzweig westlich von Mittenwalde, der den Hauptteil der Wassermenge schon an der Schleuse Mittenwalde in die Notte führt, entstand in diesen Jahren. Rechnet man die Kanallänge über diesen "neuen" Abschnitt, ist der Zülowkanal nur 9,3 Kilometer lang. Nie schiffbar gewesen, bildet der Zülowkanal heute den Vorfluter der Niederung zwischen Rangsdorf, Dabendorf und Mittenwalde. Im Verlauf befinden sich vier Wehre, dazu noch eins in dem Abkürzungskanal.

Bis 1990 war die Wasserqualität durch eingeleitete Abwässer des angrenzenden Klärwerks Rangsdorf sehr schlecht und besserte sich erst mit Inbetriebnahme von Kläranlagen. Das Wasser des als Fischzuchtgewässer genutzten Rangsdorfer Sees sorgt jedoch weiter für hohen Nährstoffgehalt auf der Strecke. Der Zülowkanal ist ein beliebtes Angelgewässer (Weißfische, Barsch, Hecht, Aal).

Die Wiesen zwischen Mittenwalde und Telz waren bis in die 1980er Jahre eines der Brandenburgischen Einstandsgebiete der Großtrappe. Die weite, offene Landschaft bot den Vögeln optimale Lebensbedingungen. Lebten vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg noch etwa 190 Trappen in den Wiesen, ging ihr Bestand mit der Intensivierung der Landwirtschaft auf 36 Vögel (1970) zurück. 1995 lebten nur noch zwei Hähne und drei Hennen in den Kanalwiesen. Die zunehmende Verbauung der Landschaft im Rahmen des "Aufschwungs Ost" ließ den Bestand endgültig zusammenbrechen. Im Jahr 2018 lebten hier keine Trappen mehr, ihr Schutzgebiet wurde aufgehoben.

Das Naturschutzgebiet Zülowgrabenniederung liegt weiter nördlich in den Wiesen zwischen Rangsdorf und Klein Kienitz und hat mit dem Kanal nichts zu tun.

Weblinks

 Landschaftsbild des Kanals bei Mittenwalde, Webseite des Angelvereins Ragow, abgerufen am 5. Oktober 2018
 Abbildung der Mündung in den Nottekanal, Webseite des Angelvereins Ragow, abgerufen am 5. Oktober 2018
  Planergänzungsbeschluss Zülowniederung zum Vorhaben Ausbau Verkehrsflughafen Berlin-Schönefeld 44-6441/1/105 (PDF; 1,1 MB) vom 4. August 2011, Ausgleichsmaßnahmen durch Landschaftsgestaltung entlang des Zülowkanals

Einzelnachweise

KZulowkanal
Gewässer im Landkreis Dahme-Spreewald
Gewässer im Landkreis Teltow-Fläming
Geographie (Zossen)
Geographie (Rangsdorf)
Geographie (Mittenwalde)
Kanal in Brandenburg
Erbaut in den 1850er Jahren
Erbaut im 19. Jahrhundert
Bauwerk in Zossen
Bauwerk in Mittenwalde
Kanal in Europa
Bauwerk in Rangsdorf

Zülowkanal


Action Directe () is a short  sport climb at the limestone Waldkopf crag in Frankenjura, Germany.  When it was first climbed by German climber Wolfgang Güllich in 1991, it became the first climb in the world to have a consensus  grade. It is considered an important and historic route in rock climbing history, and one of the most attempted climbs at its grade, where it is considered the "benchmark" for 9a.  The training techniques Güllich used to prepare for the unique physical demands of Action Directe also revolutionized climbing and what could be achieved.

History

A close friend of Güllich, German climber Milan Sykora introduced him to the route that he had been working on at a large limestone prow at the Waldkopf crag, which was akin to an enormous boulder. Sykora was one of the leading German climbers at the time and had created several new routes UIAA grade X. In the 1980s, Sykora had bolted a line coming from the right and had managed to climb the individual moves through the upper section, but believed the lower section feasible but too hard for himself – he generously offered the project to Güllich, who promptly bolted the direct start, and hence the name "Directe"; Güllich said that it also named after the French terror group Action directe as climbing it felt like an attack on the fingers.

Güllich completed the first free ascent on 14 September 1991, after 11 days of working the route – spread over a three-week period – and using a 16-move sequence including a direct start with a dynamic jump into a two-finger pocket to redpoint it. Güllich was 30 at the time and had been married just 5 days previously to freeing the route.  It took another four years until the route was repeated when East German climber Alexander Adler fulfilled what he described as an "obsession" to repeat the climb.  Subsequent climbers have used a slightly different circa 11 to 13-move sequence to Güllich's original very direct 16-move sequence.  At the 25-year anniversary of its first ascent, ten climbers who had completed the route assembled and estimated only Adler had repeated Güllich's exact 16-move sequence, and that all others had crossed slightly right to use a  shorter sequence.

Güllich conservatively assigned a UIAA grade of XI, which was between  and . Subsequent ascents would verify its grade, which has since described as the "gold standard" or "benchmark" for ;  and the first ever 9a in history. It wasn't for almost another decade, until 2001 when Chris Sharma freed the 35-metre Realization/Biographie at Céüse in France, that a higher consensus  grade would be assigned.

On 22 May 2020, French climber Mélissa Le Nevé made the first female free ascent and almost three decades after Güllich's original ascent was still only the 27th person to have climbed it.  Two of the 27 ascents, Richard Simpson (2005), and Said Belhaj (2018), are disputed.

Route

Action Directe is famous for its unique style, involving physically demanding dynamic moves (known as dynos in bouldering) off single-finger pockets in the limestone, and in particular, a powerful initial dynamic jump-start into a two-finger pocket while leaning back at an extreme angle of 45-degrees.  The route is short at  and took Güllich only 70-seconds to complete his very direct 16-move sequence; most ascents post the second ascent move rightwards to a more efficient 11 to 13 move sequence described as slightly easier than Güllich's original sequence (although still solidly 9a).

After his 2016 ascent, German climber David Firnenburg described it as: "The initial dyno into the sharp two-finger pocket is followed by a passage with extreme lock-offs on small finger pockets. Then there are technically complicated side holds and pinches with difficult foot changes before you run out with a tricky must-hit crimp at the very end, where I still fell several times before sending".

Legacy

Action Directe has been consistently described as famous, legendary, and iconic in the climbing media, and even in 2020, it was being described as "an absolute cornerstone of cutting-edge difficulties that attracts an irresistible draw for the vertical elite", and "... milestone 9a is one of the most famous and coveted sport climbs in the world".  Action Directe has also been described as "Güllich's masterpiece" – the testpiece for  – and when he freed the route, he was at the height of his physical and technical powers.

Güllich had used new intensive training techniques called plyometrics to prepare for the physical demands of the climb, and introduced the climbing world to the "campus board", which would become the new standard for future extreme climbers to build finger strength and develop more dynamic muscle strength.

Some have speculated whether English climber Ben Moon's 1990 ascent of the very short Hubble, with only 4 crux moves, was actually the world's first  route.  Repeat ascents of Hubble have verified it as being at least the world's first .  German climber Alex Megos, is one of the few who have climbed both Hubble and Action Directe, and felt Hubble was probably an 8c+ in the right conditions, although Megos caveated himself by noting that grading is not an exact science, and is subject to the climber's own style. In 2022, British climber Buster Martin became only the second climber to have climbed both routes and felt that they were both 9a; he did note that being sponsored by Ben Moon might make people skeptical of his view.

The situation has been compared to the Realization versus Alexander Huber's  debate on the world's first .  In fact, Huber attributes the initial conservative  grading of Action Directe that persisted for many years, despite it being eventually shown to be a "hard 9a", for artificially suppressing the grades of other routes in the 1990s, such as Huber's La Rambla, and Weisse Rose.

Ascents
Action Directe has been ascended by:

 1st Wolfgang Güllich, 14 September 1991
 2nd Alexander Adler, 9 September 1995
 3rd , 7 June 2000
 4th Dave Graham, 21 May 2001
 5th , 14 May 2003
 6th  Richard Simpson, 2005 (disputed)
 7th Dai Koyamada, 15 October 2005
 8th , 22 October 2005
 9th Kilian Fischhuber, September 2006
 10th Adam Ondra, 19 May 2008
 11th Patxi Usobiaga, 24 October 2008
 12th , 17 April 2010
 13th Jan Hojer, 22 May 2010
 14th , 10 October 2010
 15th Felix Knaub, October 2011
 16th , 26 March 2012
 17th Alexander Megos, 3 May 2014
 18th Felix Neumärker, 16 May 2015
 19th Julius Westphal, 25 June 2015
 20th , 14 June 2016
 21st , November 2016
 22nd Stephan Vogt, 2017.
 23rd , 2017
 24th Said Belhaj, 2018 (disputed)
 25th , 2 November 2018.
 26th Adrian Chmiała, 5 May 2019
 27th Mélissa Le Nevé, May 2020; first female
 28th Phillip Gaßner, May 2021
 29th Buster Martin, October 2022
 30th Vojtěch Trojan, April 2023

First female free ascents (FFFA):

1st. Mélissa Le Nevé, May 2020

Filmography
 Dai Koyamada's 2005 ascent:
 Jan Hojer's 2014 (second) ascent:
 Stephan Vogt's 2017 ascent:
 Mélissa Le Nevé's 2020 ascent:

See also
History of rock climbing
List of grade milestones in rock climbing
Silence, first climb in the world with a potential grade of
La Dura Dura, second climb in the world with a consensus grade of
Jumbo Love, first climb in the world with a potential grade of
Realization/Biographie, first climb in the world with a consensus grade of
Hubble, first climb in the world with a consensus grade of

Notes

References

External links
Action Directe, Hard Climbs (2023)
 Adam Ondra, 15, Repeats Action Directe (video), Climbing (May 2008)

Sport climbing routes
1991 in sport climbing

Action Directe (climb)


عبد الهادي قنديل (2 مارس 1935 - 23 مارس 2019) تولى وزارة البترول والثروة المعدنية المصرية منذ عام 1984 وحتى 1991 ولد في 2 مارس 1935 في الزرقا بمحافظة دمياط، وتخرج في كلية العلوم جامعة عين شمس عام 1956 و توفي في القاهرة في 23 مارس 2019.

حياته المهنية
 بدأ عمله كيميائياً بشركة أنابيب البترول
 شغل منصب رئيساً لقسم جودة الإنتاج بالهيئة المصرية العامة للبترول
 اختير رئيساً لإدارة برامج واقتصاديات التكرير بالهيئة المصرية العامة للبترول في 1964
 التحق بمعهد البترول بميلانو بإيطاليا وتخرج منه أواخر عام 1964
 شغل منصب مدير للعمليات بالهيئة المصرية العامة للبترول تقديراً لجهوده في درء خطر تعرض البلاد لمجاعة بترولية أثناء حرب 1967
 عين في 1971 مديراً لقطاع التكرير والتصنيع بالهيئة المصرية العامة للبترول
 عُيِّن نائباً لمدير عام الهيئة المصرية العامة للبترول لشئون التكرير والتصنيع في مارس 1973
 عين نائباً لرئيس الهيئة المصرية العامة للبترول للعمليات وعضواً بمجلس إدارتها في 1976
 التحق بأكاديمية ناصر العسكرية العليا واجتاز بتفوق الدورة الثالثة بكلية الدفاع الوطني في 1975
 اختير ممثلا لمصر في مجلس إدارة الشركة العربية البحرية لنقل البترول إحدى شركات منظمة الاقطار العربية المصدرة للبترول.
 اختير عضو بمجلس إدارة البنك الوطني للتنمية
 عُيِّن رئيسا لمجلس إدارة مجلس بحوث البترول، وعضواً بمجلس كلية العلوم بجامعة عين شمس
 عُيِّن رئيساً للهيئة المصرية العامة للبترول في 1980
 عُيِّن وزيراً للبترول في عام 1984 وحتى 1991

التكريم
 وسام العلوم والفنون من الطبقة الأولى

مصادر

أشخاص من الزرقا
أشخاص من دمياط
أشخاص من محافظة دمياط
أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
خريجو جامعة عين شمس
سياسيون مصريون في القرن 20
كيميائيون في القرن 20
مصريون حائزون على وسام العلوم والفنون
مواليد 1353 هـ
مواليد 1935
مواليد في الزرقا
وزراء بترول مصريون

عبد الهادي قنديل


La Sinfonía en fa mayor, K. 19a/Anh. 223 fue probablemente compuesta por Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart a principios de 1765 en Londres.

Instrumentación y estructura

Está escrita para dos oboes, dos trompas y cuerda. En las orquestas de la época, era habitual incluir también fagotes y un clave, si estaban disponibles en la orquesta, para reforzar la línea del bajo y actuar como bajo continuo. Los oboes no intervienen a lo largo del segundo movimiento. La interpretación de la sinfonía suele durar entre doce y catorce minutos aproximadamente.

Consta de tres movimientos:

Allegro assai, en 4/4
Andante, en 2/4
Presto, en 3/8

Historia

La sinfonía se perdió, hasta que en 1980 se encontró una copia de la misma, trasncrita por Leopold Mozart. La página del título establece que fue compuesta por Wolfgang cuando tenía nueve años de edad, es decir, en 1765. Sin embargo, dado que Leopold a menudo afirmaba que su hijo era de menos edad de la que realmente tenía, esta fecha es cuestionable. Antes del descubrimiento, solo se conocían los incipit de la obra, presentes en los archivos de Breitkopf & Härtel y en la tercera página de la cubierta de la Sinfonía n.º 4, KV 19 (esta cubierta ha servido previamente como cubierta de esta sinfonía y de una Sinfonía en do mayor, KV 19b, aún perdida). La sinfonía no había sido encontrada todavía cuando se publicó la sexta edición del catálogo Köchel.

La obra presenta una influencia notable de Johann Christian Bach.

Véase también

 Sinfonías espurias o de dudosa autenticidad de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Referencias

</cite>

Enlaces externos

MozartForum: K019a (K.Anh 223) Sinfonía en fa mayor compuesta en el noveno cumpleaños de Wolfgang--Pero ¿dónde y cuándo?, artículo de Dennis Pajot (en inglés)

fa mayor kv 19 a
Composiciones de 1765
sinfonia mozart kv 19 a

Sinfonía en fa mayor, KV 19a (Mozart)


Karaferye veya Karaferya ( Veroya) Yunanistan'ın Orta Makedonya bölgesinde, İmatya vilayetinin (nomos) merkezi olan ve Selanik'e yaklaşık 76 km uzaklıkta 40000 nüfuslu bir şehirdir.

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminde Selanik ve Manastır gibi iki önemli şehri birbirine bağlayan yol üzerinde olması nedeniyle Balkanlar'ın en önemli merkezlerinden biriydi. 1924 Nüfus Mübadelesi öncesinde yoğun bir Türk nüfus, ayrıca II. Dünya Savaşı Yahudi Soykırımı öncesinde kalabalık bir Yahudi nüfus barındırmaktaydı.

Bölgesel önemi bulunan ticari ve idari merkez sıfatını günümüzde de sürdürmektedir. İyon Denizi sahilinden Türkiye sınırına uzanacak şekilde planlanan Via Egnatia, Selanik'ten önceki çıkışında Karaferye'den (Veria) geçmektedir.

Karaferye yakınındaki (13 km.) Vergina'da yakın geçmişte keşfedilen Makedon Kral mezarları nedeniyle bölgenin turistik önemi artmış, mezar alanı UNESCO Dünya Mirası listesine alınmıştır.

Türkiye'de Hititoloji'nin öncüsü olan Sedat Alp de Karaferyeli'dir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Lozan Mübadilleri Derneği - Karaferye

Kaynakça

Yunan valilik başkentleri

Karaferye


Daoud Ammoun (1867-1922) est un juriste, poète, diplomate et homme politique libanais.

Biographie

Daoud Ammoun étudie le droit en France, avant de retourner au Liban. Il se fait connaître en écrivant des poèmes patriotiques sur le pays. Avant la Première Guerre mondiale, il s'installe avec ses enfants en Égypte.

En 1918, il préside la première délégation libanais à la Conférence de paix de Paris, où il demande un État libanais indépendant. Deux ans plus tard, l'État du Grand Liban est créé et il en est nommé membre du Comité administratif, qui est le premier organe législatif. Lors de la première session, il en est élu président. Il devient ainsi le premier président législatif du Liban.

Références

Lyne Lohéac, Daoud Ammoun et la création de l'État libanais, [Paris] : Klincksieck , 1978
Abdallah Naaman, Le Liban : Histoire d'une nation inachevée, Glyphe, 2016
Abdallah Naaman, Les Orientaux de France - Ier-XXIe siècle, Ellipses, 2019

Liens externes

Maronites
Député libanais
Président d'assemblée parlementaire
Poète libanais du XIXe siècle
Poète libanais du XXe siècle
Juriste libanais du XIXe siècle
Juriste libanais du XXe siècle
Diplomate libanais du XIXe siècle
Diplomate libanais du XXe siècle
Naissance en avril 1867
Décès en novembre 1922
Pages avec des traductions non relues
Décès à 55 ans

Daoud Ammoun


Les guêpes sont là (බඹරු ඇවිත්, ) est un film sri lankais réalisé par Dharmasena Pathiraja et sorti en 1978.

Synopsis
Dans un village de pêcheurs au Sri Lanka, des citadins menés par le jeune Victor apportent leur propre vision des affaires, à tendance capitaliste. Cette volonté de changement va se heurter aux traditions et pouvoirs locaux représentés par le patriarche local, Anton.

La conquete d'une jeune femme locale par Victor va ajouter une autre dimension au conflit économique latent et des affrontements violents entre les deux mondes vont s'ensuivre.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Les guêpes sont là
 Titre original : බඹරු ඇවිත් ()
 Réalisation : Dharmasena Pathiraja
 Scénario : Dharmasena Pathiraja
 Direction de la photographie : Donald Karunaratna
 Musique : Premasiri Kemadasa
 Production : Saranga Salaroo
 Genre : Drame
 Durée : 124 minutes (version restaurée)
 Langue de tournage : Singhalais
 Lieu de tournage : Sri Lanka
 Dates de sortie :
 Sri Lanka :
 France :  (Festival des trois continents)

Distribution
 Joe Abeywickrema : Anton Aiya
 Vijaya Kumaratunga : Victor
 Wimal Kumara de Costa : Weerasena
 Malini Fonseka : Helen
 Ruby de Mel : Celestina
 Amarasiri Kalansuriya :  Sanath
 Daya Thennakoon : Francis
 Cyril Wickramage : Cyril
 Somasiri Dehipitiya : Seba
 Vincent Vaas : un ami d'Anton

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film srilankais sorti en 1978
Film dramatique srilankais
Film restauré
Film srilankais en noir et blanc

Les guêpes sont là


Sveriges U/19-fodboldlandshold er Sveriges landshold for fodboldspillere, som er under 19 år. Landsholdet bliver administreret af Svenska Fotbollförbundet.

U/19-fodboldlandshold
U/19-fodboldlandshold i Europa

Sveriges U/19-fodboldlandshold


Tully is a town and locality in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It is adjacent to the Bruce Highway, approximately  south of Cairns by road and  north of Townsville. At the , the population was 2,390. Tully is perhaps best known for being one of the wettest towns in Australia, and home to the 7.9 metre tall Golden Gumboot.

The Tully River, previously known as the Mackay River, was named after Surveyor-General William Alcock Tully in the 1870s. The town of Tully was named after the river when it was surveyed during the erection of the sugar mill in 1924, although the river does not flow through the town or the locality. During the previous decade, a settlement known as Banyan had grown up on the other side of Banyan Creek.

Tully is one of the larger towns of the Cassowary Coast Region. The economic base of the region is agriculture: sugar cane and bananas are the dominant crops. The sugar cane grown at the many farms in the district is processed locally at the Tully Sugar Mill, and the raw sugar produced is shipped elsewhere for further refining.

History

Dyirbal (also known as Djirbal) is a language of Far North Queensland, particularly the area around Tully and Tully River Catchment extending to the Atherton Tablelands. The Dyirbal language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of Cassowary Coast Regional Council and Tablelands Regional Council.

The Tully River area was slowly settled once Cardwell, to the south, was established. The river was renamed in 1872 in honour of William Alcock Tully, then under-secretary for public lands and chief commissioner of crown lands in Queensland and later Surveyor General of Queensland. The first settlers were the nephews of James Tyson, who  raised beef cattle. It was not until the government constructed a sugar mill in 1925 that the town began to develop.

Augustinian priests based in Innisfail began to conduct Roman Catholic services in Tully in 1926. Vicar Apostolic of Cooktown John Heavey laid the foundation stone for a church dedicated to St Clare of Montefalco in May 1926. St Clare's Catholic School was established in 1928 by the Sisters of the Good Samaritan. A separate Tully Parish of the Roman Catholic Vicariate Apostolic of Cooktown, now the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns, was established in 1935.

Tully was originally within the Cardwell Division, which became the Shire of Cardwell in 1903. The first headquarters for the division/shire were in older town of Cardwell. In 1929, the decision was taken to relocate the shire council's headquarters to the newer but more populous town of Tully. The first council meeting held in Tully was in June 1929. A new shire chambers was built in 1930 on the south-east corner of Bryant and Morris Streets.

Tully remained the administrative centre for the Shire of Cardwell, until the shire was amalgamated into the Cassowary Coast Region in 2008. The regional council has its headquarters in Innisfail.

At the , Tully had a population of 2,436. At the , the population was 2,390.

In 2019, Tully became the inaugural winner of a Loud Shirt Day competition to find Queensland's Loudest Town. Inspired by a local story, and facing strong competition from other regional Queensland towns, members of the community rallied together to raise $13,410 to support services provided to young people with hearing loss.

Heritage listings
Tully has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 17 Mars Street: Tully State School
 69 Bryant Street: Tully Court House

Climate

Tully has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af). This is due to its strong exposure to the southeasterly trade winds. With an average annual rainfall exceeding , and the highest-ever annual rainfall in a populated area of Australia ( in 1950), Tully is arguably the wettest town in Australia. A rivalry exists between Tully and the nearby town of Babinda for that title.

Although Tully's average rainfall is less than that of Babinda, a giant gumboot, the "Golden Gumboot", was erected in Tully in 2003, as a monument to the town's high rainfall. It also serves as a museum, documenting past floods, as well as displaying the rainfall for the current year.

Cyclone Yasi
Buildings in Tully were badly damaged by Cyclone Yasi on 3 February 2011. According to residents, Tully was "...a scene of mass devastation". An unknown number of homes were completely destroyed as intense winds, estimated at , battered the area. Many other homes not destroyed sustained severe façade and or roof damage. As daybreak came, reports from the town stated that about 90 percent of the structures along the main avenue sustained extensive damage.

Agriculture

In March 2015, a farm at Tully tested positive for the soil-borne Panama disease.  Follow-up testing confirmed the results.  One of the strains of the disease affects all types of bananas and has previously only been detected in the Northern Territory.  Harvesting continued on the property with strict protocols allowing the farm to continue to operate and distribute product without posing a threat.

Outside experts were brought in to review Biosecurity Queensland's performance 15 February to 24 May 2021. Their assessment credits BQ with quick and effective response which is being emulated by other countries. Thus far TR4 continues to be contained to the Tully Valley only and containment is thought to be possible as long as accidental human movement and transport in flowing water can be halted.

Amenities
The Cassowary Coast Regional Council operates the Dorothy Jones Library at 34 Bryant Street, Tully.

The Tully branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the CWA Hall at 5 Plumb Street.

St Claire of Montefalco Catholic Church is at 13 Mars Street. It is within the Tully Parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns.

Transport

Tully Railway Station is a prominent station on the main North Coast Railway Line, situated just over halfway between Townsville and Cairns. In December 1924, Tully was connected with both Townsville and Innisfail.

Schools

Tully State High School
Tully State High School has serviced students in the Tully district since its establishment in 1964. The district includes Cardwell, Kennedy, Mission Beach, Wongaling Beach, Tully, Feluga, El Arish and various other small centres. Tully State High School has an enrolment of approximately 630 students. As of 2016, Richard Graham is the principal of the school.

Tully State High School has been accredited as a Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, Science and Technology and is one of only a few Reef Guardian schools. The campus is situated on extensive grounds, 38 hectares, and includes an aquaculture centre, a worm farm, an arboretum, a herd of cattle and several sports fields.

The high school was partially destroyed by Cyclone Yasi in 2011. B Block was completely destroyed and G Block was damaged. Both have since been rebuilt.

Tully State School
Tully State School caters to the educational needs of the town's primary school children. When erected in 1924, it was known as Banyan Provisional and has since gone through a number of name changes: Tully Provisional (1925); Tully State School (1926); Tully State Rural School (1934); Tully State Rural and High School (1951); and reverted to Tully State School in 1964. The school's current motto is "Work well and succeed".

St. Clare's Parish School
St. Clare's Catholic Primary School is a Catholic primary school.

Sport
Tully is the hometown to Indigenous boxer and 2008 Olympian, Paul Fleming.

Tully Tigers, is the local Rugby League club. One of their most famous juniors is former Cowboys forward Peter Jones. Tully was once one of the biggest sporting hubs in Far North Queensland, but since the economic crisis has hit, they are looking for more and more ways to support their clubs.

Tully is the last place reclusive All Black rugby player Keith Murdoch has been sighted.

Attractions
The Golden Gumboot is in the park on corner of Butler Street and Hort Street. Built in 2003, the Gumboot is 6.1 metres long and 7. 9 metres high. The height corresponds to highest annual rainfall in a populated area of Australia, which occurred in Tully in 1950. There is an internal spiral staircase to the top of the boot which provides views of the town. A fiberglass green tree frog is climbing the side of the boot. There is a museum beside the boot with the history of the town's floods.

Military
The Australian Army's Combat Training Centre – Jungle Training Wing (CTC-JTW), is located on the outskirts of Tully. JTW are the Australian Army's experts in jungle warfare. Their primary role is to deliver basic and advanced jungle warfare training to dismounted combat team sized organizations. JTW are heavily engaged in international exercises, often providing training to regional allies, as their level of expertise is highly regarded in the international military community.

Notable people
Lisa Camilleri, squash player
Kim Carroll, soccer player
Jake Clifford, rugby league player
Andrew Cripps, politician
Paul Fleming, boxer
Aila Keto, environmentalist
Russell Kiefel, actor
Shane Knuth, politician
Ted Lindsay, politician
Max Menzel, politician
Joel Riethmuller, rugby league player
Craig Teitzel, rugby league player

See also

 Kareeya Hydro Power Station
 List of tramways in Queensland

References

External links

 University of Queensland: Queensland Places: Tully
 Tully Sugar Limited

Towns in Queensland
Populated places in Far North Queensland
Cassowary Coast Region
Localities in Queensland

Tully, Queensland


රැන්ඩ්ල්ස් කන්ද, මහනුවර
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randles_Hill

රැන්ඩ්ල්ස් කන්ද / රැන්ඩ්ල්ස් හිල් ප්‍රදේශය මහනුවර කිංස්වුඩ් විද්‍යාල භූමියට අයත් ප්‍රදේශයයි කිංස්වුඩ් විද්‍යාලය ට මේ භූමිය ලබාගැනීමට මුදල් පරිත්‍යාග කලේ  ශ්‍රීමත් ජෝන් රැන්ඩ්ල්ස් මහතාය

රැන්ඩ්ල්ස් කන්ද / රැන්ඩ්ල්ස් හිල් දුම්රිය නැවතුම් පොළ

කිංස්වුඩ් විද්‍යාලයේ සිට මහනුවර දෙසට හීරැස්සගල හන්දිය අසල විලියම් ගොපල්ලව මාවතේ පිහිටා ඇත. ශ්‍රීලංකාවේ පාසල් පාදක දුම්රිය ස්ථාන දෙකෙන් දෙවන දුම්රිය ස්ථානයයි. පළමු දුම්රිය ස්ථානය වනුයේ  රිච්මන්ඩ් කන්ද, (රිච්මන්ඩ් විද්‍යාල) දුම්රිය ස්ථානයයි.

වෙනත් සබැඳි

රිච්මන්ඩ් කන්ද

රිච්මන්ඩ් විද්‍යාලය

මූලාශ්‍ර

රැන්ඩ්ල්ස් කන්ද


Anton Yelchin (rusă: Антон Викторович Ельчин)  (n. 11 martie 1989, Sankt Petersburg, Rusia - d. 19 iunie 2016, Studio City, California, Statele Unite) a fost un actor american de film și de televiziune. Este cel mai cunoscut pentru interpretarea rolului Pavel Chekov din seria reboot Star Trek sau pentru rolul Clumsy Smurf din seria de filme Ștrumpfii. Părinții săi sunt Viktor Yelchin și Irina Korina, iar Eugene Yelchin este unchiul său.

A murit la 19 iunie 2016 la Studio City, Los Angeles după ce a fost călcat de propriul său autoturism, Jeep Grand Cherokee, parcat necorespunzător, care l-a strivit de un gard. Accidentul a fost etichetat drept unul "ciudat".

Filmografie

Film

Televiziune

Video games

Referințe și note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1989
Decese în 2016
Actori americani
Actori ruși

Anton Yelchin


Wilhelm Lorenz Sigismund von Schlichting (né le  à Berlin et mort le  à Herischdorf) est un général d'infanterie prussien ainsi qu'un historien militaire et écrivain militaire. Il est considéré comme l'un des théoriciens militaires de « l'art opératif » qui émerge avant la Première Guerre mondiale, c'est-à-dire la théorie des actions des divisions, corps d'armée, armées, groupes d'armées ou les fronts.

Biographie

Origine
Sigismund est issu de la famille noble  et ses parents sont le général d'infanterie Eduard Karl Lorenz von Schlichting (1794-1874) et directeur de l'Académie de guerre de Berlin et son épouse Emilie Friederike Sophie Elisabeth, née von Warburg (1803-1887).

Carrière militaire
Schlichting étudie aux maisons des cadets de Wahlstatt et de Berlin, puis entre le 22 avril 1847 dans le  de grenadiers de l'armée prussienne en tant que porte-enseigne. Il n'étudie pas à l'Académie de guerre, mais à l'Université rhénane Frédéric-Guillaume de Bonn et l'Université de Göttingen. En 1861, Schlichting est promu capitaine. En 1866, il participe à la guerre contre l'Autriche. Il est alors promu major et détaché à l'état-major général. En 1870, il commande un bataillon du  d'infanterie dans la guerre contre la France. Avec ce dernier, il prend part au siège de Paris, combat à Chevilly et Villejuif et reçoit la Croix de fer de 2e classe

De 1872 à 1874, Schlichting est chef d'état-major du  d'armée stationné à Munster. Le 2 septembre 1873, il est promu colonel et le 27 octobre 1874 nommé commandant du  de grenadiers de la Garde. Ensuite, Schlichting est chef d'état-major général du Corps de la Garde à partir du 12 mars 1878. Le 1er juin 1885, Schlichting est nommé commandant de la  de la Garde. Il quitte ce commandement le 9 août 1888 et est ensuite général commandant du  à Karlsruhe.

Schlichting est mis à disposition le 2 janvier 1896 avec maintien à la suite du  avec pension. Il décède le 22 octobre 1909 et est enterré trois jours plus tard, le 25 octobre, dans la crypte Zieten à Bad Warmbrunn.

Famille
Le 15 novembre 1860, il épouse à Breslau Maria Johann Nepomucena Leopoldine Josephine Hedwig comtesse von Zieten (née le 5 février 1838 et morte le 2 juillet 1923), fille de Karl Leopold von Zieten (1802-1870) et d'Ernestine von Schaffgotsch (1805-1846). Le couple a plusieurs enfants dont :

 Hedwig Marie Fredrike Alexandrine Leopoldine Agnes (née le 29 octobre 1861), matrone à l'hôpital d'Eppendorf et fondatrice de l'Association des sœurs allemandes
 Sigismond Wilhelm Lorenz (né le 13 juin 1863 et mort en 1911), capitaine, officier ottoman, assassiné à Constantinople, marié avec Ada von Warburg (née le 29 juillet 1865)
 Emilie Mathilde Agnes Cäzilie Hedwig (née le 4 septembre 1864) mariée en 1892 avec  (1841-1906), général d'infanterie
 Joachim Léopold (né le 13 juin 1866 et mort en 1952), lieutenant marié avec Antonie Leopoldine August von Froben (née le 19 décembre 1874)

Décorations
 Ordre de la Couronne de 1re classe le 1er septembre 1887
 Grand-Croix de l'Ordre du Lion de Zaeringen le 21 août 1889
 Grand-Croix de l'Ordre de l'Aigle rouge avec feuilles de chêne le 18 janvier 1891
 Grand-Croix de l'Ordre de Berthold Ier le 2 mai 1892
 Grand-Croix de l'Ordre de la Couronne de Wurtemberg le 18 juin 1892
 Grand-Croix de l'Ordre du Mérite grand-ducal de Hesse le 2 avril 1893
 Ordre de l'Aigle noir le 2 janvier 1896
 Grand-Croix de l'Ordre de la Fidélité le 3 février 1896

Travaux
 Taktische und strategische Grundsätze der Gegenwart. 1887–1899, 3 Bände.
 Moltke und Benedek. 1900.
 Moltkes Vermächtnis. 1901.

Bibliographie

 Kurt von Priesdorff: Soldatisches Führertum. Band 8, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, o. O. [Hamburg], o. J. [1941], DNB 367632837, S. 444–452, Nr. 2685.
 Jahrbuch des deutschen Adels. Band. 3, 1899, S. 403.
 Daniel J. Hughes:  Schlichting, Schlieffen, and the Prussian Theory of War in 1914, in: The Journal of Military History, Vol. 59, No. 2 (Apr., 1995), pp. 257–277.

Liens externes

 Antulio J. Echevarria II : Guerre et politique : la révolution dans les affaires militaires et la pertinence continue de Clausewitz.
 Curriculum vitae de 1893 avec photo
 Domaine des Archives fédérales N 313

Références

Général prussien d'infanterie
Personnalité de la guerre austro-prussienne
Militaire allemand de la guerre franco-allemande de 1870-1871
Théoricien militaire
Écrivain militaire
Historien militaire
Grand-croix de l'ordre de l'Aigle rouge
Grand-croix de l'ordre de la Couronne de Wurtemberg
Grand-croix de l'ordre du Lion de Zaeringen
Grand-croix de l'ordre de Berthold le Premier
Grand-croix de l'ordre de Philippe le Magnanime
Chevalier de 1re classe de l'ordre de la Couronne (Prusse)
Récipiendaire de l'ordre de l'Aigle noir
Récipiendaire de 2e classe de la croix de fer
Naissance en octobre 1829
Naissance à Berlin
Décès en octobre 1909
Décès à Jelenia Góra
Décès dans la province de Silésie
Décès à 80 ans

Sigismund von Schlichting


Major League Soccer 2018 a fost cel de-al 23-lea sezon al ligii profesioniste nord-americane de fotbal ce a inclus 23 de cluburi în total (20 cu sediul în Statele Unite ale Americii, 3 cu sediul în Canada). Sezonul regulat a început la 3 martie și s-a încheiat pe 28 octombrie. Play-off-ul a început pe 31 octombrie și s-a încheiat pe 8 decembrie.
Un singur club s-a alăturat ligii: Los Angeles FC.

Campioana en-titre, deținătoarea Cupei MLS și al MLS Supporters' Shield era echipa Toronto FC.

Stadioane și orașe

Clasamente

Conferința de Est

Conferința de Vest

Play-off MLS Cup

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Statistici

Golgheteri

Cei mai buni pasatori

Premii

Premii lunare

Echipa săptămânii

Referințe

Legături externe
 Site-ul oficial al Major League Soccer
 Site-ul oficial al fotbalului Nord-american

Statele Unite ale Americi
Major League Soccer

Major League Soccer 2018


Wojciech Skowroński (* 11. Juli 1941 in Warschau; † 17. Januar 2002 in Poznań) war ein  polnischer Sänger und Pianist.

Er war Mitglied von Czerwono-Czarni, Bardowie, Hubertusy, Drumlersi, Nowi Polanie und Grupa ABC.

Weblinks
 Wojciech Skowroński

Musiker (Polen)
Sänger
Pianist
Pole
Geboren 1941
Gestorben 2002
Mann

Wojciech Skowroński


Svijet

Zgrade i druge građevine

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Zgrade i druge građevine

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

 8. veljače  Bruno Milić,  hrvatski arhitekt i urbanist (* )

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Arhitektura u 2009.


Gæsafjörður (grænlenska: Nertivit Kangersivat) er um 70 km langur og 15 km breiður fjörður sem gengur í vestur úr Scoresby-sundi, sunnan við Gæsaland. Scoresby-sund klofnar við Gæsaland í Gæsafjörð, sem liggur í vestsuðvestur, og Fönfjörð sem liggur í vestur. Carl Ryder nefndi Gæsafjörð árið 1891/2 eftir gæsum sem þar voru.

Við suðurströnd Gæsafjarðar eru brött basaltfjöll. Margir skriðjöklar renna í Gæsafjörð úr Geikie-jökli sem er sunnan við hann. Meðal þeirra eru Magga Dan-jökull og Kista Dan-jökull (báðir nefndir eftir rannsóknarskipum), Suðurjökull og Gæsajökull.

firðir á Grænlandi
Scoresby-sund

Gæsafjörður


Margery Golding (c. 1526 - 2 décembre 1568), comtesse d'Oxford, est la seconde épouse de John de Vere (16e comte d'Oxford), la mère d'Édouard de Vere,  comte d'Oxford, et la demi-sœur du traducteur Arthur Golding.

Famille et jeunesse
Margery est née vers 1526 à Belchamp St Paul. Elle est le troisième enfant et la première fille de Sir John Golding et de sa première épouse, Elizabeth Tonge, la fille de Thomas Tonge et la veuve de Reginald Hammond.
Sa mère meurt le 27 novembre 1527 et son père se remarie avec Ursula Marston (décédée en 1564), fille de William Marston de Horton, avec qui il a sept autres enfants, dont le traducteur Arthur Golding.

Mariage et descendance
Le 1er août 1548 à Belchamp St Paul, Margery épouse John de Vere (16e comte d'Oxford), fils de John de Vere (15e comte d'Oxford) et d'Elizabeth Trussell. Le couple a deux enfants :

 Édouard de Vere (12 avril 1550-24 juin 1604), 17e comte d'Oxford, marié premièrement avec Anne Cecil, fille de William Cecil (1er baron Burghley), et de Mildred Cooke. Il épouse ensuite Elizabeth Trentham, fille de Thomas Trentham.
 Mary de Vere (après 1554 - 24 juin 1624) épouse d'abord Peregrine Bertie, 13e baron Willoughby de Eresby, avec qui elle a un fils, Robert Bertie (1er comte de Lindsey). Elle épouse ensuite Sir Eustace Hart.

Peu de temps après la mort de son époux en 1562, la comtesse d'Oxford épouse Sir Charles Tyrell (décédé en 1570), le sixième fils de Sir Thomas Tyrell et de Constance, fille de John Blount, Lord Mountjoy .

Références

Famille de Vere
Décès en 1568
Comtesse d'Oxford

Margery Golding


Schacht-Audorf Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Rendsburg-Eckernförde iline bağlı bölge. 6,52 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Eylül 2006 itibarıyla yaklaşık 4510 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Eckard Reese tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-eiderkanal.de

Rendsburg-Eckernförde iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Schacht-Audorf


Theodore Sherman Palmer (Oakland, 26 de janeiro de 1868 – Washington, D.C., 24 de julho de 1955) foi um zoólogo estadunidense.

Palmer nasceu em Oakland, Califórnia, e estudou na Universidade da Califórnia. Ele era filho de Henry Austin e Jane Olivia (nascida Day) Palmer, e sua mãe era filha de Sherman Day, neta do presidente de Yale, Jeremiah Day, e bisneta do fundador americano Roger Sherman, o que significa que Palmer foi bisneto de Sherman.

Em 1889, ele ingressou na Divisão de Ornitologia e Mastozoologia Econômica do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos sob o comando de Clinton Hart Merriam. Em 1891, ele foi membro da Expedição do Vale da Morte de 1891 e seu líder nos primeiros 3 meses. Ele foi Chefe Adjunto do Departamento de 1896 a 1902, e depois de 1910 a 1914. Ele se interessou pela legislação que afetava a vida selvagem, liderando um ramo da organização para lidar com ela de 1902 a 1910 e de 1914 a 1916. Ele escreveu o anteprojeto do tratado para proteção de aves migratórias entre o Canadá e os Estados Unidos (1916) e foi presidente do Comitê que preparou os primeiros regulamentos sob a Lei do Tratado de Aves Migratórias (1918). Ele se aposentou em 1933.

Palmer foi membro de cerca de 25 organizações científicas ou conservacionistas estadunidenses e quatro estrangeiras. Ele foi vice-presidente da Sociedade Americana de Mastozoologia entre 1928 e 1934; e co-fundador da National Audubon Society.

Palmer é comemorado nos nomes científicos de dois lagartos norte-americanos: Uta palmeri e Elgaria coerulea palmeri.

Ligações externas

 Lives of the Dead: Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland, Theodore Sherman Palmer
 Theodore Sherman Palmer Photograph Collection
 Find A Grave
 T.S. Palmer Papers
 Granite Banking House of Palmer & Day, Gold Hill, Nevada Territory
 Sherman Day Family

Alunos da Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley
Ornitólogos dos Estados Unidos
Zoólogos dos Estados Unidos
Mortos em 1955
Nascidos em 1868
Conservacionistas

Theodore Sherman Palmer


Seks i køkkenet er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1972 instrueret af Per Larsen og efter manuskript af Birgitte Siboni og Leif Beckendorff.

Handling
Seks eksaminerende husholdningslærere fra hele landet demonstrerer nogle af de mulighed, som fjærkræ frembyder i madlavningen. Desuden gennemgås partering af fjerkræ.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1972

Seks i køkkenet


Michał Aleksander Borowski (* ; † 23. Dezember 1939 in Wilna) war ein polnischer Konteradmiral. Seine Ausbildung erhielt er an der Marineakademie von Kronstadt.
1920 wurde er zum Vertreter der polnischen Armee in der Freien Stadt Danzig ernannt und war 1921 Mitglied der Hafenverwaltung. Borowski ernannt man 1924 zum Konteradmiral. 1927 wurde er aus dem Militärdienst verabschiedet.

Einzelnachweise

Person (Freie Stadt Danzig)
Marineoffizier (Polen)
Pole
Geboren 1872
Gestorben 1939
Mann

Michał Borowski


Sebze ya da göveri, bitkilerin insanlar veya diğer hayvanlar tarafından yenen kısımlarına verilen isimdir. Sebze terimi, kültürler ve mutfaklar arasında farklı anlamlara gelebilir.

Her ne kadar meyve ve sebze terimleri birbirlerine zıt anlamda kullanılmaktaysa da aslında botanik açıdan meyve kabul edilen birçok bitki kısımları mutfaklarda sebze olarak kullanılır. Örneğin patlıcan, domates, kabak gibi sebzeler aslında botanik bakımdan aynen erik, kayısı, şeftali gibi meyve sayılmaktadırlar.

Etimoloji
Sebze kelimesi Farsça "yeşillik, bitki" anlamına gelen sabzī (سبزى) sözcüğünden alıntıdır. Bu Farsça sözcük ise Farsça ve Orta Farsça "yeşil, taze, yaş" manasındaki sabz (سبز) sözcüğüne +ī ekinin eklenmesi ile türetilmiştir. Türkçede sebze anlamında kullanılan bir diğer sözcük olan zerzevat da bu köke dayanmakta olup, Farsça sözcüğe Arapça +āt çoğul takısı ilavesiyle inşa edilen sebzevāt sözcüğünün deforme edilmiş halidir.

Örnekler

Galeri

Kaynakça

Sebze


Karasar, Tunceli ilinin Çemişgezek ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
1530 yılı tahririnde ve 1691 tarihli Cizye Defterinde, Çemişgezek kazasına bağlı ve Gayrimüslimlerin yaşadığı köyler arasında yer almayan yerleşimden 1835 yılı nüfus sayımında "Karasar" adıyla Çemişgezek merkez kazasına bağlı, 14 hane ve 54 Gayrimüslim erkek ile 32 hanede de 103 Müslüman erkek nüfusun yaşadığı bir köy olarak bahsedilmektedir.

Coğrafya
Tunceli iline 143 km, Elazığ iline 90 km, Çemişgezek ilçesine 20 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Çemişgezek belde ve köyleri

Karasar, Çemişgezek