George Dixon (1820 - ) est un homme politique du Parti libéral anglais puis unioniste libéral qui est actif dans le gouvernement local de Birmingham et siège à la Chambre des communes pendant deux périodes entre 1867 et 1898. Il est un grand partisan de l'éducation pour tous les enfants.

Biographie
Né en 1820 à Gomersal, Yorkshire, il fait ses études à la Leeds Grammar School et apprend le français en France. Il s'installe à Birmingham en 1838 avec son frère et rejoint Rabone Brothers, une entreprise de marchands. Il devient associé en 1844 et se hisse à la tête de l'entreprise dans laquelle il reste toute sa vie.

Dixon entre dans le gouvernement local en tant que conseiller d'Edgbaston à Birmingham en 1863. Il est élu maire en novembre 1866.

En juillet 1867, il démissionne de ses fonctions pour devenir candidat parlementaire à Birmingham après la mort de William Scholefield. Il est élu député le 23 juillet 1867.

Il est élu au conseil scolaire en 1870 et président en 1876, après s'être retiré du parlement lorsque sa femme est tombée malade. Il démissionne du conseil d'administration en 1896. En 1885, il devient député d'Edgbaston et reste au Parlement jusqu'à sa mort en 1898.

Éducation pour tous
L'une de ses premières réalisations en tant que maire au début de 1867 est une conférence privée qu'il tient dans sa maison avec les principaux dirigeants de la ville afin de discuter d'un remède possible au manque d'éducation des enfants. En mars, une réunion publique a lieu à l'hôtel de ville où la Birmingham Education Society est formée sur le modèle de celle créée à Manchester et Salford en 1864. La société collecte des fonds pour payer les frais de scolarité de certains enfants et fait prendre conscience du besoin.

Les sociétés d'éducation ouvrent la voie à la National Education League, plus audacieuse et plus politique, qui débute à Birmingham en 1869, présidée par Dixon, avec le soutien de Joseph Chamberlain (vice-président, plus tard président du comité exécutif), Jesse Collings (secrétaire honoraire de la Ligue et de l'Education Aid Society), Robert William Dale et William Harris. La Ligue décide qu'un projet de loi devrait être préparé pour la session suivante du Parlement pour donner une éducation non confessionnelle à tous les enfants. Après quelques promesses politiques et compromis, la loi de 1870 sur l'enseignement élémentaire (Forster's Act) est adoptée, répondant à certaines des exigences de la Ligue, et les premiers conseils scolaires sont élus. La Ligue continue à faire campagne pendant encore sept ans et l'enseignement élémentaire (jusqu'à 12 ans) devient finalement gratuit et obligatoire en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles. En 1867, Dixon présente un projet de loi visant à établir des commissions scolaires dans les régions où il y a déjà suffisamment d'écoles. Ce projet de loi est rejeté.

L'une des expériences de Dixon est la création en 1884 de la Bridge Street Technical School dans les anciens locaux de Cadbury, achetée par lui, convertie en école à ses frais et louée au conseil à un loyer nominal. Elle enseigne les sciences et la mécanique à 400 des garçons les plus brillants pendant deux ans au-delà de l'âge normal de fin d'études. C'est un grand succès et est répété dans les grandes villes du pays, et aboutit à la loi sur l'enseignement technique, qui officialise le financement de ce type d'école. En 1888, l'école technique déménage pour occuper la Oozells Street Board School sous le nom de George Dixon Higher Grade School et accueille des filles. Waverley Road Higher Grade School est créée à Small Heath en 1892 pour 555 enfants.

Dixon est nommé homme d'honneur honoraire de Birmingham en 1898, l'année de sa mort.

Famille
En 1855, Dixon épouse Mary Stansfeld (décédée en 1885), sœur de l'homme politique James Stansfeld et fille de James Stansfeld, juge à Halifax. Ils ont trois fils et cinq filles, dont l'architecte Arthur Stansfield Dixon .

Références

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Député du 26e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 25e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 24e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 23e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 21e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 20e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 19e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Maire de Birmingham
Décès en janvier 1898
Naissance en 1820

George Dixon (homme politique)


Kratica za Mediteran Film Festival .
 Kratica za Motovunski filmski festival.
 Eng. kratica za Višegodišnji financijski okvir (eng. Multiannual Financial Framework).
 Kraći naziv za Malmö FF.

MFF


Acroglochin, monotipski biljni rod iz porodice štirovki. Jedina priznata vrsta je A. persicarioides, jednogodišnja biljka koja naraste od 30 do 80cm, a raširena je na Himalajama u Aziji, od Pakistana do Kine.

Neki izvori kao priznate u rodu još vode vrste:
 Acroglochin muliensis (Soong) G.L.Chu
 Acroglochin multiflora (Soong) G.L.Chu
 Acroglochin persicarioides (Poir.) Moq.

Izvori

Betoideae

Acroglochin


تقدر الأمم المتحدة أن عدد الألغام في ليبيا يقدر بحوالي 3 ملايين لغم، زرع أغلبها في الفترة ما بين 1940 - 1943 من قبل الإيطاليين، الألمان والإنجليز خلال معارك الحرب العالمية الثانية في ليبيا. ويوجد الجزء الأعظم من الألغام على طول الحدود الليبية الشرقية وتعتبر مشكلة الألغام من أهم معوقات التنمية البشرية على الحدود إذ تودي بحياة الأشخاص من حين لآخر.
و قد حاولت الحكومة الليبية إزالة الألغام لكن أغلب محاولاتها باءت بالفشل نتيجة لاتساع رقعة الأرض وعشوائية زراعة الألغام وتهرب ألمانيا وإيطاليا من تسليم الخرائط والاعتراف بمسؤلياتها في إزالة الألغام.

أنواع الالغام
تنقسم الانواع الموجودة في ليبيا الي قسمين رئيسيين وهما:

1-الغام نظامية وهي الغام عسكرية متنوعة مضادة للافراد أو العربات مصنعة خصيصا لهذا الاستعمال
واستعملت في الحرب العالمية الثانية كما جري استخدامها أيضا خلال الثورة
بشكل طفيف.

2-اشراك وفخاخ محلية الصنع وتتكون في الغالب من مخلفات عسكرية معاد استعمالها أو قذائف لدبابات وصواريخ
يتم تحويرها وإضافة الاشراك اليها لتتحول الي الغام فتاكة متنوعة يصعب التعامل معها وتستعمل في الغالب من قبل
المجموعات الارهابية أو المتطرفة وجري استعمالها بشكل مكثف في مدينة سرت وبنغازي خلال العمليات العسكرية هناك
وهي مبعثرة ولاتتواجد في حقول الغام وفي الغالب تكون بداخل منازل ومزارع للمواطنين.

3-ألغام طراز PRB M3A1 وBB3
واللغم المضاد للدبابات ذو غلاف بلاستيكي من طراز BB3 و PRB M3A1 من صنع الشركة البلجيكية بوديريز ريونيس دي بلجيكا في السبعينات والثمانينات. المنجم مربّع بهيكل سميك من الزيتون  مصنوع من البوليتين مع خيط محمول على جانبه Hhandlel3 ومقعد خالٍ من غاز الأمونيا لصفيحة الضغط. وبئر صمامة التفجير في وسط المقاعد، مع تثبيت صفيحة الضغط فيها بعد إدخال صمامة التفجير. وتتألف صفيحة الضغط الاسطوانية من صفيحتين بلاستيكيتين تتحرك إحداهما تحت وزن مركبة تسير فوق اللغم لنقل القوة إلى صمامة التفجير، وهي عبارة عن دبابيس تجز تضعها في مكانها. يتألف نموذج PRB M3A1 من بئرين ثانويين لصمامات التفجير، وكثيراً ما يتم نشره بجهاز مضاد للرفع M30. وتفجّر صمامة إم 30 اللغم إذا رفعت أكثر من 3 سنتيمترات. وهو أيضاً منجم معدني في حده الأدنى، ومكوِّناته المعدنية الوحيدة هي مقذوفتان من الأسلاك الفولاذية الربيعية وقطاعتا قدح من الألمنيوم

فكلا النوعين من اللغم لا يتسرب منه الماء عندما يكون جديدا، ويمكن زرعه في مياه ضحلة، غير أن غلاف اللغم غالبا ما ينشق وينحرف في المناخات الحارة، رغم أن انشقاقات صغيرة لا تؤثر على أداء اللغم. الألغام معرضة للانفجار بالتأثير إذا زُرعت على مسافة تزيد عن مترين. ويوجد المنجم في أنغولا وتشاد وإثيوبيا والعراق ولبنان وليبيا  ومالي ورواندا والصومال والسودان والصحراء الغربية وزاميبيا.

في أبريل 2011 أفيد أن قوات المتمردين في الحرب الأهلية الليبية عام 2011 كانت تنشر هذه الألغام، في انتهاك للوعود السابقة بعدم استخدام الألغام الأرضية.  أصدر المجلس الوطني الانتقالي الليبي بعد ذلك بيانا وعد فيه بالتوقف عن استخدام الألغام الأرضية المضادة للأفراد والمركبات، وأنه سيطلب من قواتهم تدمير جميع مخزونات الألغام الأرضية.

المواصفات

 الوزن: 6.8 كجم
 محتوى قابل للانفجار: 6 كجم من (70٪ TNT ، 15٪ RDX ، 15٪ ألومنيوم) (مزيج يعرف باسم Trialene  )، مع معزز هيكسوليت في أبريل 2011 أفيد أن قوات المتمردين في
 الطول: 230 ملم
 الارتفاع: 130 ملم
 العرض 230 ملم
 ضغط التشغيل: 250 كجم

منجم ألغام AC NM AE T1
هو منجم معدني صغير مضاد للدبابات في البرازيل. ويعتقد أن المنجم في الخدمة مع الجيش البرازيلي، على الرغم من توقف إنتاج المنجم في عام 1989. وللمنجم جسم بلاستيكي مربع مربع مع لوحة ضغط دائرية مرتفعة وفتيل. مقبض حمل مدمج في جانب واحد من المنجم. يبدو أنها تشبه إلى حد كبير PRB M3 .

ويعتقد انها استخدمت الألغام في الإكوادور، بيرو وليبيا.

المواصفات

 الطول: 225 مم
 العرض 255 ملم
 الارتفاع: 155 ملم
 الوزن: 8 كجم
 محتوى قابل للانفجار: 7 كجم من مادة TNT مع معزز Pentolite (مزيج بنسبة 50:50 PETN / TNT)
 ضغط التشغيل: 60 إلى 140 كجم

لغم MK 5

استخدم المنجم لوحة ضغط عنكبوت تجعله مقاومًا للضغط الزائد. يقع العنكبوت على مصهر مركزي Mk 3 (يشار إليه أحيانًا باسم No.3 Mk I)، والذي يحتوي على مهاجم محمّل بنابض مثبت في مكانه بواسطة دبوس القص. يميل المنجم، الذي يتم تصنيعه إلى حد كبير من الفولاذ إلى الصدأ، مما يجعل تنشيطه غير متوقع.

وجدت ليبيا كما وجدت في الأردن ومصر وأغولا، موزمبيق، السودان، وزيمبابوي

التعامل مع الالغام
اغلب الالغام التي يتم التعامل معها حاليا هي من النوع التاني ويتم هذا عبر مجموعات مكونة من متطوعين
ومن افراد وسرايا الهندسة العسكرية كما تساهم منظمات محلية ودولية في حملات لتحذير السكان ونشر الوعي حول الالغام والمخلفات الحربية.

ضحايا الالغام
المدنيين هم الضحية الاولي للالغام  وفي الاغلب هم من المزارعين والفلاحين الذين تصطادهم الالغام اثناء التعامل مع التربة يليهم مفككوا الالغام من المتطوعين والعسكريين فهم غالبا مايسقطون ضحايا للالغام التي يعملون عليها
بسبب الاشراك الموجودة وايضا بسبب افتقارهم للتدريب ولاجرائات السلامة وعدم استعمال أو توافر المعدات المختصة لديهم
وكان من ابرز هؤلاء طارق السعيطي  الذي قضي في مدينة بنغازي.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
PRB M3 MINE

اقرأ أيضا
 ألغام شمال أفريقيا
 تنظيم داعش (ليبيا)

ليبيا في الحرب العالمية الثانية

الألغام في ليبيا


Hauser & Wirth est une galerie d'art suisse dont les activités se consacrent à l'art contemporain et moderne.

En 2021, l'organisation représentait 93 artistes ou leurs successions.

Histoire
Hauser & Wirth est fondée par Iwan Wirth, Manuela Wirth et sa mère Ursula Hauser en 1992.

Le premier espace est ouvert à Zurich. À cet endroit, la galerie dispose désormais de trois espaces d'exposition, situés dans l'ancien bâtiment de la brasserie Löwenbräu Zürich. En 2003, la galerie ouvre une branche à Londres, logée dans un bâtiment de banque conçu par Edwin Lutyens. Hauser & Wirth tient des expositions organisées par Paul Schimmel. Une succursale est ouverte à New York en 2009 sur East 69th Street avec son exposition d'ouverture montrant une recréation de l'œuvre d'Allan Kaprow. Un deuxième espace new-yorkais est ouvert en 2013. Cette année-là, la galerie publie un livre sur son histoire, Hauser & Wirth : 20 Years, écrit par Michaela Unterdörfer.

Par le biais de leur entreprise hôtelière, Artfarm, Hauser & Wirth ouvre en 2014 une succursale au Royaume-Uni près de Bruton dans le Somerset. En mars 2016, la galerie ouvre une succursale à Los Angeles, en Californie, et, en mars 2018, elle ouvre une succursale à Hong Kong. En 2018, Hauser & Wirth lancent également une organisation à but non lucratif, Hauser & Wirth Institute, basée à New York. En 2021, la galerie internationale ouvre à Monaco, au One Monte-Carlo. La première exposition est consacrée à Louise Bourgeois. Une autre installation, sur Isla del Rey, ouvre également ses portes en juillet 2021 avec un spectacle dédié à l'artiste Mark Bradford.

En mai 2022, la galerie annonce son arrivée à Paris, avec un espace dans le 8ème arrondissement, et une ouverture au printemps 2023.

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Melanie Gerlis (23 March 2018). H Queen's: the gallery space Hong Kong was waiting for. The Financial Times, consulté en mars 2018.
 Rachel Spence (13 June 2017). Zurich Art Weekend 2017: wild swimming and well-mannered art. The Financial Times, consulté en mars 2018.
 Georgina Adam (27 February 2010). Hauser & Wirth's latest expansion. Financial Times. Archived 22 June 2016.
 Adrian Searle (4 November 2003). Not suitable for children. Or adults. The Guardian, consulté le August 2018.
 Christopher Knight (10 March 2016). The radical and politically potent opening show at DTLA's new Hauser Wirth & Schimmel. Los Angeles Times, consulté en mars 2018.
 Michaela Unterdörfer (2013). Hauser & Wirth: 20 Years. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz. .
 Spear's Book Awards 2013. Spear's. Archived 21 June 2014.

Galerie d'art contemporain
Pages avec des traductions non relues

Hauser & Wirth


Soğangiller (Alliaceae), otsu ve çok yıllık bir bitkileri kapsayan bir çiçekli bitkiler familyasıdır; bir çenekliler sınıfındaki Asparagales takımının içinde yer alır.

Soğangiller, Asparagales takımının içinde yer alan başka iki familya olan Amaryllidaceae ve yalnızca Agapanthus cinsini içeren Agapanthaceae ile yakın akrabadır. Kapalı Tohumlular Soy oluş Grubu (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG), bu üç familya arasındaki yakınlık nedeniyle, Amaryllidaceae ve Agapanthaceae gruplarını Alliaceae familyasının içine dahil eder.

Cinsler
Soğangiller familyasına dahil olan cinsler şunlardır:

Allium
Ancrumia
Caloscordum
Erinna
Garaventia
Gethyum
GilliesiaIpheionLeucocoryneMiersiaMilulaMuillaNectaroscordumNothoscordumSolariaSpeeaTrichloraTristagmaTulbhagiaZoelneralliumBu familyanın örnek cinsi olan Allium, başta soğan, sarımsak ve pırasa olmak üzere, çeşitli ve önemli yenilebilir bitki türlerini içerir.

Geçmişte bu familya içine dahil edilmiş olmalarına rağmen, günümüzde Themidaceae adlı ayrı bir familya içinde değerlendirilmeleri gerektiğine inanılan cinsler ise şunlardır:
 Androstephium, Bessera, Bloomeria, Brodiaea, Dandya, Dichelostemma, Milla, Petronymphe, Triteleia ve Triteleiopsis''.

Resim galerisi

Eski kapalı tohumlular taksonları
Cronquist sistemi

Soğangiller


Maarten Schenk van Nydeggen (ou Nijdeggen), en français Martin Schenk de Nideggen, né en 1540 à Goch et mort le  à Nimègue, est un noble néerlandais, seigneur d'Afferden et de Bleijenbeek, officier au service de l'insurrection des Pays-Bas contre Philippe II jusqu'en 1578, puis au service des Espagnols jusqu'en 1582. Fait prisonnier par les insurgés, il revient à leur service en 1585 jusqu'à sa mort en 1589.

Biographie

Famille
Maarten est le fils de Derick Schenk van Nydeggen et Anna van Berlaer (ou, en allemand, von Beslaer).

Il épouse Maria van Gelre, morte en 1616 et enterrée dans l'église de Goch, dont il a une fille, Frederica Schenk, qui a également été enterrée dans cette église.

Au service de l'insurrection

Au service de Philippe II (1578-1582)
Après la défaite subie par les insurgés à bataille de Gembloux le , il fait défection vers le camp espagnol, alors commandé aux Pays-Bas par don Juan d'Autriche, demi-frère de Philippe II, puis après sa mort en octobre 1578, par Alexandre Farnèse, neveu du roi d'Espagne.

En 1579, il prend Straelen et Doetinchem.

La même année, il s'empare par la force du château de Bleijenbeek, situé à Afferden) que ses ancêtres avaient détenu jusqu'en 1530 ; mais .

En 1580, il construit une redoute à Well (Gueldre), village situé sur la Meuse près de Bois-le-Duc, d'où il lance des raids contre les insurgés. Le 17 juin, il bat les troupes insurgées lors de la bataille de , puis conduit  à Groningue, pour secourir Georges de Lalaing, comte de Rennenberg, au cours du . Il se rend ensuite avec Rennenberg à Delfzijl, ville proche de Groningue, et ils prennent également Oldenzaal ainsi que les villes frisonnes de Sloten et de Stavoren.

En 1581, il s'empare de Bréda le 27 juillet (épisode connu comme « la furie de Haultepenne ») puis d'Eindhoven. 1581 est aussi l'année où les insurgés proclament leur indépendance par l'acte de La Haye, que l'on considère comme l'acte de naissance des Provinces-Unies.

En 1582, Schenk est fait prisonnier à Xanten, puis emprisonné à Gueldre.

De nouveau au service des Provinces-Unies (1585-1589)
En 1585, Schenk revient au service des États généraux, qui dirigent maintenant les Provinces-Unies, mais fut vaincu par  lors de la première . À la fin de 1585, il s'empare de la ville de Venlo.

En 1586, il occupe le monastère de Betersweert entre Arcen et Lomm. Il lance des attaques contre les Espagnols pendant le siège de Grave en 1586.

Il prend alors part à la guerre de Cologne et se rend à Werl, près de Dortmund, qu'il saccage.

En 1586, il fait construire le Schenkenschanz près de Lobith, sur le Rhin non loin de Nimègue ; c'était la place-forte la plus célèbre et la plus méridionale des Provinces-Unies jusqu'au traité de paix signé à Münster (janvier 1648), date à laquelle cette forteresse a perdu sa fonction militaire.

En 1587, Schenk est de nouveau en Westphalie : il conquiert Ruhrort, Rheinberg et Bonn, qui est ensuite reprise par les catholiques.

Aux Pays-Bas, les Espagnols prennent Bleijenbeek en 1589. Schenk s'installe à Wezel et commence la construction du fort  face à Nimègue.

L'attaque de Nimègue et la mort (1589)
Lors de l', le Waal a dû être traversé sur un certain nombre de bateaux. L'attaque a échoué et Schenk s'est enfui en bateau; mais celui sur lequel il était, a coulé et ne pouvant pas nager à cause du poids de son armure, Schenk s'est noyé.

Son cadavre, repêché  par les Espagnols, est  puis enterré dans la Tour Poudrière.

Hommages posthumes
Deux ans plus tard, lorsque Nimègue revient sous le contrôle des Provinces-Unies, il est transféré dans la  sur ordre de Maurice de Nassau, fils de Guillaume d'Orange (mort en 1584). Aujourd'hui, l'emplacement de sa tombe dans cette église n'est plus connu.

une plaque commémorative a été posée dans le Sint-Antonispoort, lieu de l'attaque manquée de Nimègue.

L'armure de Schenk, initialement conservée dans la salle du conseil de la mairie de Nimègue, a été emmenée à Clèves sur ordre de Jean-Maurice de Nassau-Siegen (1604-1679) et été installée sur une colonne dans un parc. Mais elle a été détruite en 1795 par les soldats français.

Notes et références

Sources
 Karl Kossert, Martin Schenk von Nideggen oder die Fehltritte der Tapferkeit (1993). Duisburg: Mercator-Verlag. .
 Heike Preuß, Martin Schenk von Nideggen (1540-1589) und der Truchsessische Krieg. In: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter n° 49 (1985), .
 P. W. van Wissing, J. A. E. Kuys, Biografisch Woordenboek Gelderland (2006), . Franeker: Uitgeverij Verloren (Lire en ligne).
 Wouter Loeff, De aanslag van Maarten Schenk op Nijmegen, Mijn Gelderland, (2018). Voir en ligne sur mijngelderland.nl.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Guerre de Quatre-Vingt Ans

Liens externes

  Sint Antonispoort (26) sur le site Huis van de nijmeegse geschiedenis (Maison de l'histoire niméguoise)

Naissance en 1540
Décès en 1589
Nimègue
Noblesse néerlandaise du XVIe siècle
Histoire des Pays-Bas
Personnalité liée à la province de Gueldre

Maarten Schenk van Nydeggen


Nicolas Caerels (* 18. August 1889 in Schaerbeek; † 23. Juni 1966 ebenda) war ein belgischer Autorennfahrer.

Karriere

Nicolas Caerles war in den 1920er-Jahren als Werksfahrer des belgischen Automobilunternehmens Excelsior bei internationalen Sportwagenrennen aktiv. Gemeinsam mit seinem Landsmann André Dills belegte er 1923 beim ersten 24-Stunden-Rennen von Le Mans der Motorsportgeschichte den sechsten Gesamtrang. Dies war gleichzeitig der Sieg in der Klasse für Fahrzeuge bis 8-Liter-Hubraum. Sein größter Erfolg im Motorsport war der Gesamtsieg beim 24-Stunden-Rennen von Spa-Francorchamps 1927.

Statistik

Le-Mans-Ergebnisse

Literatur

 Moity/Teissedre: 24 Stunden Le Mans 1923–1992. Edition D'Art J.P. Barthelemy, ISBN 2-909-413-06-3.

Weblinks

 Nicolas Caerels bei 24-h-en-piste

Rennfahrer des 24-Stunden-Rennens von Le Mans
Rennfahrer (Belgien)
Geboren 1889
Gestorben 1966
Mann
Belgier

Nicolas Caerels


الناب هو سن قاطع طويل جدًا وقد يصل طوله حتى 3 أمتار لدى النرول يتكون من العاج ويوجد لدى بعض الثدييات مثل الفيل والفظ وكركدن البحر أو حريش البحر وكذلك الخنزير الوحشي الأفريقي ويقوم البشر بانتزاع الأنياب من أجل استخدام العاج في تصنيع المجوهرات لكن الأمم المتحدة سعت إلى مناهضة هذه الاعتداءات عبر اتفاقية الاتجار الدولي بالحيوانات والنباتات المهددة بالانقراض.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 Carved Ivory Tusk
 Objects made from ivory and marine ivory in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

أسنان
تشريح الثدييات
تشريح الحيتانيات
تشريح الحيوان
عاج

ناب خارجي


Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits, yataklı ve yemekli vagonları bulunan Fransız demiryolu işletmesi.

Şirket 1872'de Belçikalı girişimci Georges Nagelmackers'ın Amerikalı George Pullman'dan aldığı fikirle kuruldu. Avrupa'da ilk defa yataklı ve yemekli vagonları uzun yol için kullanan şirket 1883'te ünlü Doğu Ekspres ile Paris-İstanbul seferlerine başladı. 1892'de Doğu Ekpresi yolcularının konaklaması için İstabul'da Pera Palas'ı yaptırdı, I. ve II. Dünya Savaşları arasında Avrupa, Kuzey Afrika ve Türkiye'de hayli genişledi.

1933 yılında İstanbul'da meydana gelen Vagon-Li Olayı'ndan sonra şirketin Türkiye'de görev almasına izin verilmedi. Ama bugün Vagon-Li şirketinin sahibi olan ACCOR Grup'un Türkiye'de geniş bir yatırım alanı vardır. Vagon-Li Şirketi ise Fransa, İngiltere, İspanya, Portekiz ve Avusturya'da hizmet vermektedir. 2003 yılında restore edilen Doğu Ekspresi ise turistik amaçlı olarak hizmet vermeye devam etmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Vagon-Li Şirketi
 Accor Türkiye

Fransız turizm şirketleri
1872'de kurulan şirketler
Accor
Uluslararası demiryolu ulaşımı


Die Volkspartei (finnisch: Kansanpuolue) war eine Partei in Finnland, die von 1932 bis 1936 bestand.

Gegründet wurde die Partei am 21. August 1932 in Ylivieska. Vorsitzender der Partei wurde Yrjö Hautala, sein Stellvertreter Fredrik Rautio. 1936 ging die Partei in der neugegründeten Kleinbauern- und Landvolkpartei auf.

Die Volkspartei vertrat populistische Interessen der Kleinbauernschaft. Ihr Zentrum lag in der Region um Kalajoki an der nördlicheren Westküste Finnlands. Bei den Parlamentswahlen 1933 kandidierten Vertret der Partei in den Wahlbezirken Vaasa und Oulu. Mit 0,85 % der Gesamtstimmen in Finnland zog sie mit Heikki Niskanen und Yrjö Hautala in das finnische Parlament ein. In Saloinen erhielt die Partei 55,7 % der Stimmen. 1936 erhielt die Partei ein Mandat.

Wahlergebnisse

Parlamentswahlen

Weblinks
 Über die Volkspartei (finnisch)

Historische Partei (Finnland)
Bauernpartei
Gegründet 1932
Aufgelöst 1936
Finnische Geschichte (20. Jahrhundert)

Volkspartei (Finnland, 1932)


The Last House on the Left is a 1972 American exploitation horror film written and directed by Wes Craven. It stars Sandra Peabody, Lucy Grantham, David Hess, Fred J. Lincoln, Jeramie Rain, and Marc Sheffler. The plot follows Mari Collingwood (Peabody) and Phyllis (Grantham), two teenage girls who are going to a rock concert for Mari's birthday. While searching for marijuana in the city, they are kidnapped and brutalized by a gang of psychopathic convicts.

Craven based the film on the 1960 Swedish film The Virgin Spring, directed by Ingmar Bergman, which in turn is an adaptation of the Swedish ballad "Töres döttrar i Wänge". Craven developed the film with producer Sean S. Cunningham after working with him on Together (1971) and once the filmmakers obtained small funding from Hallmark Releasing to make another feature film. Craven wrote a script (originally overtly pornographic) on the concept of shock factor, wanting to depict violence in a realistic manner. Once casting began, Craven promised the actors auditioning that the film would instead be a traditional horror film.

The film was initially damaging to Craven's career and was controversial for its marketing, with the tagline "Can a movie go too far?" advertising its violence. It grossed $3 million against a budget of under $90,000. Critics derided the film for its confrontational violence and Craven's use of black comedy—scenes of slapstick comedy intercut with scenes of rape and humiliation. However, it has since achieved a cult following and was nominated for AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills.

Plot

Mari Collingwood plans to attend a concert with her friend Phyllis Stone, for her seventeenth birthday. Her parents, Estelle and John, express their concern about her friendship with Phyllis, but let her go and give her a peace symbol necklace. Phyllis and Mari head into the city and on the way, they hear a news report of a recent prison escape involving criminals Krug Stillo, a sadistic rapist and serial killer; his heroin-addicted son, Junior; Sadie, a promiscuous psychopath and sadist; and Fred "Weasel" Podowski, a child molester, peeping Tom and murderer. Before the concert, Mari and Phyllis encounter Junior while trying to buy marijuana. He leads them to an apartment where they are trapped by the criminals. Phyllis tries to escape and reason with them, but she fails and is gang-raped. Meanwhile, Mari's unsuspecting parents prepare a surprise party for her.

The next morning, Mari and Phyllis are bound, gagged and put in the trunk of Krug's car and transported to the woods. Mari recognizes that the road is near her home. Phyllis is forced to urinate in her jeans and Mari and Phyllis are forced to perform sexual acts on each other. Phyllis distracts the kidnappers to give Mari an opportunity to escape but is chased by Sadie and Weasel, while Junior stays behind to guard Mari. Mari tries gaining Junior's trust by giving him her necklace and calling him "Willow". Phyllis stumbles across a cemetery where she is cornered and stabbed by Weasel. She crawls to a nearby tree and is stabbed to death. Mari convinces Junior to let her go, but her escape is halted by Krug. Krug carves his name into her chest, then rapes her. Mari vomits, quietly says a prayer and walks into a nearby lake, where Krug fatally shoots her.

After they change out of their bloody clothes, the gang goes to the Collingwoods' home, masquerading as travelling salesmen. Mari's parents let them stay overnight. The gang finds photos of Mari and realize it is her home. Later, when Junior is in the midst of a heroin withdrawal, Estelle enters the bathroom to check on him and sees Mari's peace symbol necklace around his neck. She finds blood-soaked clothing in their luggage and overhears them talking about Mari's death, and of her disposal in a nearby lake.

Estelle and her husband rush into the woods, where they find Mari's body and decide to take revenge. Estelle seduces Weasel, bites off his penis and swallows it, and then leaves him to bleed to death. John takes his shotgun and shoots at Krug and Sadie. Krug escapes into the living room and overpowers John, before manipulating Junior into killing himself. Krug attempts to flee, but after being cornered by a traumatized Sadie and a chainsaw wielding John, is incapacitated by an electrocution booby-trap. Sadie, now horrified of both Krug and John, runs outside. After a scuffle between her and Estelle, she falls into the backyard swimming pool where her throat is slit by Estelle. The sheriff arrives just as John kills Krug with the chainsaw.

Cast
 Sandra Peabody as Mari Collingwood
 Lucy Grantham as Phyllis Stone
 David A. Hess as Krug Stillo
 Fred Lincoln as Fred 'Weasel' Podowski
 Jeramie Rain as Sadie
 Marc Sheffler as Junior Stillo
 Eleanor Shaw (credited as Cynthia Carr) as Estelle Collingwood
 Richard Towers (credited as Gaylord St. James) as Dr. John Collingwood
 Marshall Anker as Sheriff
 Martin Kove as Deputy Harry
 Ada Washington as Ada
 Steve Miner (uncredited) as Hippie Taunting Deputy

Production

Screenplay
Sean S. Cunningham made his directorial debut with the 1970 white coater film The Art of Marriage, which grossed $100,000. The film attracted the attention of Steve Minasian's company Hallmark Releasing, which had a distribution partnership with American International Pictures. Cunningham made the 1971 film Together as a "better version" of The Art of Marriage. Wes Craven, who had no money at the time, was put on the job of synchronizing dailies for Together and soon began editing the film with Cunningham, with whom he became good friends. Hallmark bought the film for $10,000, and it was considered a "hit", prompting the company to persuade Cunningham and Craven to make another film with a bigger budget; the company then gave them $90,000 to shoot a horror film.

Cunningham served as producer and Craven served as writer and director on the project. Written by Craven in 1971, the original script was intended to be a graphic "hardcore" film, with all actors and crew being committed to filming it as such. However, after shooting began, the decision was made to edit the script to be less harsh. This script, written under the title Night of Vengeance, has never been released; only a brief glimpse is visible in the featurette Celluloid Crime of the Century, a 2003 documentary on the making of the film. The crux of the plot is based on the Swedish ballad "Töres döttrar i Wänge", which itself was the basis of Ingmar Bergman's 1960 film The Virgin Spring, of which Craven was an admirer. Craven envisioned a film in which the violence would be shown in detail onscreen, as he felt that many popular films of the era, such as Westerns, glamorized violence and the "vigilante hero", and gave the public a misleading representation of death in the wake of the Vietnam War.

Casting
The majority of the cast of The Last House on the Left were inexperienced or first-time actors, with the exception of Richard Towers, Eleanor Shaw and Sandra Peabody, who were all soap opera regulars and had prior film roles. Cunningham and Craven held casting calls for the film at Cunningham's office in Midtown Manhattan in late 1971. Peabody, who was returning to New York after a cross-country road trip, signed on to the film after responding to a casting notice in the trade publication Backstage. Cunningham and Craven originally wanted her to read for the role of Phyllis; however, after meeting her, they decided to cast her in the lead role of Mari. Shaw was a prominent soap opera actress, and Towers worked as a talent agent in addition to acting. Although she did not recall the specific circumstances of how she became involved with the project, Lucy Grantham was ultimately cast in the role of Mari's best friend Phyllis. The role of the lead villain, Krug Stillo, was given to David Hess, also a musician and songwriter. Jeramie Rain, then twenty-one years old, was playing Susan Atkins in an Off-Broadway production based on the Manson family murders. Despite the fact that the original script called for an actress in her forties, Rain was awarded the part of Sadie. Fred Lincoln, who had appeared in pornographic films, was cast as Krug's criminal partner, while Mark Sheffler was given the role of Krug's heroin-addicted son. Sheffler was a struggling twenty-one year old actor and a client of Towers prior to filming, and was informed of auditions by him. According to Lincoln, he and Peabody were acquaintances and had the same agent at the time.

Filming

The film was shot on location for seven days in New York City, as well as Long Island, followed by shoots in rural locations outside of Westport, Connecticut. While filming in Connecticut, the cast and crew spent much time at producer Cunningham's family's home. According to Craven, the lake sequence was shot in the town reservoir of Weston, Connecticut. Craven sought a "documentary"-style appearance for the film, marked by close-up shots and single-cut takes.

Cunningham later described the film shoot as being "guerrilla-style", with the crew spontaneously filming at locations and being forced to leave due to lack of permits; in retrospect, Lincoln said that "nobody knew what [they] were doing". Much of the special effects in the film were achieved practically, some at Lincoln's suggestion. For example, for the sequence in which Phyllis is disemboweled, Lincoln helped craft fake intestines with condoms filled with fake blood and sand. For the murder sequence of Sadie in the swimming pool, Rain had a pouch full of fake blood attached underneath her shirt, as well as blood capsules in her mouth, which she manually punctured. Grantham recalled that during the scene in which Hess's character tells her to "piss her pants", she in fact urinated in her jeans. Steve Miner, who would later become a director himself, served as a production assistant on the film.

Hess recalled that much of the cast bonded heavily during the filming process since they were mostly inexperienced actors. In the 2003 documentary Celluloid Crime of the Century, Lincoln, Rain and Sheffler recalled similar memories which recounted the making of the film. However, both Hess and director Craven recalled the on-set relationship between Hess and Peabody to be turbulent. Peabody was often treated differently than the rest of the cast to the point that Craven recalled there "not being much acting" during the shooting of the film's more violent scenes. Sheffler admitted during a one-on-one sequence with Peabody that he threatened to push her over a cliff if she failed to hit her marks.

Peabody stated that she was genuinely upset during the filming of the more violent scenes as she felt unprepared: "I was upset because I'm an emotional person, and I reacted to what was going on as if it were real. I had a really hard time with some of scenes, because I had come out of American Playhouse, where it was all about preparation, and everything had to be real. I ended up doing a horrible job in the film. I was very upset, and I felt like I should have channeled that, but I couldn't... I was a young actress and I was still learning to balance any emotions I had from outside of the film into my scene work." Hess revealed that he actually got very physical with her during the filming of the rape scene, and that she could not do anything about it once the camera was running. During this particular shot, assistant director Yvonne Hannemann described it as an upsetting shoot, with her having to be consoled by Craven throughout filming. Peabody recalled, "One of the characters was a method actor, so he was trying to live his part... he'd come after us with a knife at night, trying to freak us out. This was the guy with the dark curly hair [David Hess] - he tried to play his role on and off the set. It was like, 'Lock your doors and windows at night, you don't want him to come get you!' I was scared; I thought this guy had been a killer at some point in his past!" Sandra states that although she was uncertain how a lot of the scenes would turn out, she trusted Craven and Cunningham and their vision for the film.

Music
The film's soundtrack was written by Stephen Chapin and David Hess (who also played the main antagonist, Krug); Chapin wrote all the incidental music, arrangements and orchestration, as well as all the contracting and producing musicians. The music was deliberately written to break with established, conventional horror film scores at that point, employing a mix of 1960s folk rock and bluegrass. It also ran counter to the horror film convention of punctuating moments of fright with shock effects; during some of the film's most violent scenes, music that is completely at odds with the visual content plays.

In 2013, the soundtrack had a re-release on vinyl, compact disc, cassette, and digital download through One Way Static Records. It was also reissued on a limited hand numbered picture disc for Record Store Day 2014.

Release
The film underwent multiple title changes, with its investors initially titling it Sex Crime of the Century. However, after test screenings were completed, it was decided to change the title to Krug and Company, but even this title was found to have little draw during test screenings. A marketing specialist who was an acquaintance of Cunningham's proposed the title The Last House on the Left, which Craven initially thought was "terrible". The film was released under this title on August 30, 1972. Like many films during the era, it had a regional expansion to cinemas and drive-in theaters over the course of the next several months, opening in various U.S. cities between September and November 1972. It was frequently shown as part of a double or triple feature with other Hallmark/AIP releases, most notably Mario Bava's Twitch of the Death Nerve, a film that would also have a considerable impact on the horror genre due to serving as a primary influence on Cunningham's later Friday the 13th franchise.

Due to its graphic content, the film sparked protests calling for its removal from local theaters throughout the fall of 1972. The Paris Cinema, a movie theater in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, issued an open letter to these criticisms in September 1972, in which it was noted:

Promotional material capitalized on the film's graphic content and divisive reception, featuring taglines such as "To avoid fainting, keep repeating 'It's only a movie' ..." Under the Last House title, the film proved to be a hit, although anecdotes as to where the advertising campaign originated vary somewhat. Cunningham claims that marketing specialist who devised the Last House title was watching a cut of the film with his wife, who continually covered her eyes, prompting him to tell her that it was "only a movie". Other origins have been suggested, however, as it had been used twice before: first for H.G. Lewis's 1964 splatter film Color Me Blood Red, and then for William Castle's Strait-Jacket the following year. The tagline was so successful that it was re-purposed by many of Hallmark's other releases, such as Don't Look in the Basement and Don't Open the Window, and other exploitation films, sometimes with a unique spin. A variation was used in the UK for the 1974 double-bill of Night Of The Bloody Apes and [Night Of Bloody Horror]. The film's title was also imitated, as in the cases of Last House on Dead End Street, and The House on the Edge of the Park, another film starring David Hess; other films, such as the aforementioned Twitch of the Death Nerve, were later marketed as unofficial sequels with such titles as Last House Part II.

Newspaper advertisements featured lengthy statements from the film's producers defending it against claims that it sensationalized violence, one of which noted: "You will hate the people who perpetrate these outragesand you should! But if a movieand it is only a moviecan arouse you to such extreme emotion then the film director has succeeded ... The movie makes a plea for an end to all the senseless violence and inhuman cruelty that has become so much a part of the times in which we live." Promotional artwork accompanying such statements included a warning that the film was "not recommended for persons under 30". The film continued to be screened throughout the United States into 1973.

Critical response

Contemporaneous
Critical response to The Last House on the Left upon its original release was largely centered on its depictions of violence. Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune derided the film, writing: "My objection to The Last House on the Left is not an objection to the graphic representations of violence per se, but to the fact that the movie celebrates violent acts, particularly adult male abuse of young women ... I felt a professional obligation to stick around to see if there was any socially redeeming value in the remainder of the movie and found none." Howard Thompson of The New York Times wrote that he walked out of the theater during a screening: "When I walked out, after 50 minutes (with 35 to go), one girl had just been dismembered with a machete. They had started in on the other with a slow switch blade. The party who wrote this sickening tripe and also directed the inept actors is Wes Craven. It's at the Penthouse Theater, for anyone interested in paying to see repulsive people and human agony."

Edward Blank of the Pittsburgh Press called the film a "cheap-jack movie of no discernible merit [...] riddled with awkward, self-conscious performances." Roger Ebert, however, gave the film three and a half out of four stars, and described it as "about four times as good as you'd expect". The Christian Science Monitor News Service referred to the film as a "desperately sordid melodrama" and a "vulgarized" version of The Virgin Spring, and drew comparisons to Sam Peckinpah's 1971 film Straw Dogs. Brian Nelson of The Daily Dispatch deemed it the worst film of the year, writing: "Producer Sean S. Cunningham has somehow managed to make what is possibly 1972's most worthless general release film and, with a sensational and overblown advertising campaign, parlay it into a major moneymaker. In doing so, he may be in line for the Cy Dung Award for the movie most offensive to the intelligence of an audience." The Lubbock Avalanche-Journals Bill Towery suggested the film should have received an X rating, adding in his review: "Films such as these give the movie ratings system a bad name. But if your cup of tea is assault, murder, maiming, revenge, and violence, the movie is going to be perfect."

Modern assessment

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, The Last House on the Left holds an approval rating of 63%, based on 40 reviews, and an average rating of 6.2/10. Its consensus reads, "Its visceral brutality is more repulsive than engrossing, but The Last House on the Left nevertheless introduces director Wes Craven as a distinctive voice in horror." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 68 out of 100, based on 8 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Author and film critic Leonard Maltin awarded the film one-and-a-half out of a possible four stars. Maltin called the film "cheap", and "[a] repellent but admittedly powerful and (for better or worse) influential horror shocker." The film was nominated for AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills.

Censorship

United States
Though the film passed with an R-rating by the Motion Picture Association of America after numerous cuts were made, director Craven claimed that on several occasions, horrified audience members would demand that theater projectionists destroy the footage, sometimes stealing the film themselves. John Saco, a British film archivist, recalled discussing the film with American theater owners: "Projectionists were so offended, they would just cut up the film as they were watching it. I'd ask people, 'How cut is your version?' They'd say, 'It's not as cut as some of the others I've seen' – that's hardly what you want to hear!"

United Kingdom
Last House on the Left was refused a certificate for cinema release by the British Board of Film Censors in 1974, due to scenes of explicit and sadistic sexual violence and humiliation. During the early 1980s home video boom, the film was released uncut (save for an incidental, gore-free scene with the comic relief cops, and the end credit roll), as video did not fall under the BBFC's remit at the time. This changed in 1982 when the "video nasty" scare started, leading to the Video Recordings Act 1984. The movie landed on the Department of Public Prosecutions list of "video nasties", and was banned.

The film remained banned throughout the remainder of the 1980s and into the 1990s. However, it had developed an underground cult reputation in the UK, and critics such as Mark Kermode began to laud the film as an important piece of work. In 2000, the film was again presented to the BBFC for theatrical certification and it was again refused. The independent film label Blue Underground toured an uncut print around Britain without a BBFC certificate; Southampton City Council granted it its own "18" certificate. The film was granted a license for a one-off showing in Leicester in June 2000, after which the BBFC again declared that it would not receive any form of certification.

In June 2002 the BBFC prevailed against an appeal made to the Video Appeals Committee by video distributor Blue Underground Limited. The BBFC had required 16 seconds of cuts to scenes of sexual violence before it would grant the video an "18" certificate. Blue Underground Limited refused to make the cuts, and the BBFC therefore rejected the video. The distributor then appealed to the Video Appeals Committee, who upheld the BBFC's decision. During the appeal, film critic Kermode was called in as a horror expert to make a case for the film's historical importance. However, after his report, the committee not only upheld the cuts, but demanded additional ones. The film was eventually given an "18" certificate, on July 17, 2002, with 31 seconds of cuts, and was released in the UK on DVD in May 2003. The cut scenes were viewable as a slideshow extra on the disc, and there was a link to a website where the cut scenes could be viewed. The BBFC finally classified the uncut film at 18 for video release on March 17, 2008.

Australia
Contrary to popular belief, the film was never banned in Australia on its initial release – rather, it was never picked up for distribution in the country due to the censorship issues that it would have created at the time. The film was submitted to the censorship board in 1987 for VHS release by Video Excellence under the alternative title Krug and Company, but it was rejected because of its violent and sexual content. In October 1991, The Last House on the Left was part of a package of fifteen tapes that was seized by the Australian Customs Service. The package of tapes was forwarded to the Australian Classification Board (then known as the Office of Film and Literature Classification) who declared them "prohibited pursuant to Regulation 4A(1A)(a)(iii) of the Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations". The film was eventually classified "R" by the OFLC for its DVD premiere on November 15, 2004. It had a theatrical screening that same month at the Australian Centre for the Moving Image in Melbourne.

Rare or lost scenes
Many different versions of the film exist on various DVD and VHS releases struck from different cuts of the film, many of them from different countries. To get a completely uncut version is difficult as even some cinema machinists cut footage from prints of the movie before screening it during the 1970s; many copies were cut or "hacked to pieces" and because of this, some scenes have become rarities.

Some incomplete scenes are:
 "Lesbian rape scene" – One scene long thought lost, except as a photographic still, is the two female victims forced to commit sexual acts on each other in the woods. This forced lesbian rape scene was included as an outtake with no sound on the Metrodome Three-Disc DVD Ultimate Edition and on the 2011 Blu-ray release.
 "Mari in her room" – In the beginning of the movie, photographic stills show Mari in her room reading birthday cards while she is nude; this scene no longer exists.
 "Mari raped by Sadie" – Footage of Sadie committing sexual acts against Mari in the woods is often removed, even from some DVDs that have been labeled as "uncut".

In the Krug and Company cut, Mari is still alive when her parents find her. She tells her parents what happened to her and Phyllis before dying in front of them.

Home media
The Last House on the Left has been released multiple times on home media in the United States; MGM Home Entertainment released a DVD version on August 27, 2002, which featured outtakes, a making-of documentary, and "Forbidden Footage," a featurette exploring the film's most violent shocking sequences. On February 1, 2011, a Blu-ray was released by MGM through 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, which featured multiple featurettes and making-of documentaries, two audio commentary tracks, never-before-seen footage, and cast and crew interviews.

A limited edition Blu-ray box set was released in the United States and United Kingdom on July 3, 2018, from Arrow Video, which features three different cuts of the film each restored in 2K from the original film elements, a double-sided poster, lobby card reproductions, a book featuring writings on the film, a CD soundtrack, various archival bonus materials, and new interviews with cast, crew, and associates of Craven.

Related works

Sequel
In the 1980s, Vestron Pictures hired Danny Steinmann to write and direct a sequel, though the film fell apart in pre-production due to rights issues. Mario Bava's film Twitch of the Death Nerve was also released under the titles Last House on the Left – Part II, Last House – Part II and New House on the Left.

Remake

In August 2006, Rogue Pictures finalized a deal to remake The Last House on the Left with original writer and director Wes Craven as a producer.  The company intended to preserve the storyline of the original film. Craven described his involvement with the remake: "I'm far enough removed from these films that the remakes are a little like having grandchildren. The story, about the painful side effects of revenge, is an evergreen. The headlines are full of people and nations taking revenge and getting caught up in endless cycles of violence." Craven formed Midnight Pictures, a shingle of Rogue, to remake The Last House on the Left as its first project. Production was slated for early 2007. Screenwriter Adam Alleca was hired to write the script for the remake.

In May 2007, Rogue entered negotiations with director Dennis Iliadis to direct the film. The film was released to theaters in the U.S. and Canada on March 13, 2009.

See also
 List of American films of 1972
 List of films featuring home invasions
 List of incomplete or partially lost films
 Last Podcast on the Left

Notes

References

Sources

External links

1972 films
1970s American films
1970s English-language films
1970s exploitation films
1972 directorial debut films
1972 horror films
1972 independent films
American exploitation films
American films about revenge
American independent films
American International Pictures films
American rape and revenge films
American serial killer films
American vigilante films
Crime films based on actual events
Film controversies in the United Kingdom
Film controversies in the United States
Film controversies
Films about birthdays
Films about child abduction in the United States
Films about violence against women
Films based on adaptations
Films directed by Wes Craven
Films originally rejected by the British Board of Film Classification
Films produced by Sean S. Cunningham
Films with screenplays by Wes Craven
Obscenity controversies in film
Rape and revenge films
Torture in films
Video nasties

The Last House on the Left


FK RFS eða FK Rīgas Futbola Skola er lettneskt knattspyrnufélag með aðsetur í Ríga þeir spila heimaleiki sína á Stadions Arkādija . Þeir spila í lettnesku úrvalsdeildinni sem heitir Latvian Virsliga.

Árangur í deild

Tilvísanir

Tenglar
 Heimasíða félagsins

Lettnesk knattspyrnufélög
Ríga
stofnað 1962

FK RFS


Kopnena i vodena polutka su Zemljine polutke koje sadrže najveće moguće ukupne površine kopna i oceana. Po definiciji (pod pretpostavkom da se cijela Zemljina površina može svrstati kao "kopno" ili "ocean") dvije se polutke ne preklapaju.

Kod određivanja polutka dolazi do malih razlika. Jedno određivanje za središte kopnene polutke navodi  (u gradu Nantesu, Francuska). Središte vodene polutke je antipod središta kopnene polutke, tj. , u blizini novozelandskoga otočja Bounty u Tihome oceanu.

Drugo određivanje za središte kopnene polutke navodi  (Île Dumet, u blizini Saint-Nazairea, Francuska)

Raspodjela geografskih obilježja
Kopnena polutka sadrži većinu Zemljinoga kopna (80,1%), uključujući Europu, Afriku, Sjevernu Ameriku, gotov čitavu Aziju i većina Južne Amerike. Međutim, čak i na sjevernoj polutki, udio oceana je veći od udjela kopna (oko 53% kopnene polutki čini ocean, a oko 47% kopno). Kopnena polutka gotovo je jednaka polutki koja sadrži najveće ljudsko stanovništvo. Kopnena polutka sadrži većinu Zemljinih unutarnjih voda, uključujući Kaspijsko jezero, Sjevernoamerička velika jezera, Afrička velika jezera i Bajkalsko jezero.

Vodena polutka sadrži oko jednu osminu Zemljinoga kopna, uključujući Australiju, Novi Zeland, Havaje, Primorsku Jugoistočnu Aziju, Južni konus Južne Amerike. Antarktika je isključivo dio vodene polutke. Neki izvori dalje dijele zemljište na  "suhu zemlju" i  "ledenu kapu". Antarktika opskrbljiva vodenu polutku s većinom Zemljinoga leda.

Većina Tihoga i Indijskoga oceana i čitavi Južni ocean su dijelovi vodene polutke. Proporcionalno, vodenu polutku otprilike čini 89% voda (gotovo sve se odnosi na Svjetsko more, 6% suha zemlja i 5% polarne ledene kape.

Tablica Alphonsea Bergeta koja je ispod prikazana, sadrži površine kopnene i vodene polutke.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|-
! Kontinent
! Površina na kopnenoj polutki (km²)
! Površina na vodenoj polutki (km2)
|-
!Afrika
| 29.818.400
| 0
|-
!Amerike
| 34.955.670
| 3.391.010
|-
!Antarktika
| 0
| 13.120.000
|-
!Azija
| 40.897.241
| 3.245.649
|-
!Oceanija
| 0
| 8.958.630
|-
!Europa
| 9.732.250
| 0
|-
! Sveukupna površina unutar polutke || 115.403.561 (80,1%)
! 28.715.289 (19,9%)
|-
|}

Izvori

Vidi još
 Zemljino geografsko središte

Vanjske poveznice

Zemljine polutke
Fizička geografija
Oceani

Kopnena i vodena polutka


مكتب البريد هو مكان يتم فيه التعامل مع المواد البريدية، وفيه تباع طوابع البريد والمواد البريدية الأخرى، كما تقدم فيه الخدمات البريدية المختلفة. يشير مصطلح مكتب البريد أو الخدمة البريدية أيضًا في العصر الحديث إلى الوكالة التي تقدم الخدمات البريدية. وتُعد الاتصالات السلكية واللاسلكية جزءًا من خدمات مكتب البريد في بعض البلاد. تدير الحكومة في كثير من البلاد مكاتب البريد. وتدير وكالة متخصصة هذه الخدمة في بلاد أخرى. فمكتب البريد في المملكة المتحدة، على سبيل المثال، شركة وطنية تموّلها الحكومة وهي مسؤولة أمامها، وتدار الاتصالات السلكية واللاسلكية بوساطة شركات خاصة.

مراجع

مصلحة البريد

مكتب بريد


Francisco Madinga, né le  à Lilongwe, est un footballeur international malawite. Il joue au poste de milieu de terrain au FC Dila Gori.

Biographie

En club

En sélection
Il fait ses débuts en sélection le 24 mars 2021 contre le Soudan du Sud dans les qualifications à la CAN 2021.

Liens externes

Footballeur international malawite
Joueur du FC Dila Gori
Naissance à Lilongwe
Naissance en février 2000

Francisco Madinga


The word bit is a colloquial expression referring to specific coins in various coinages throughout the world.

United States

In the US, the bit is equal to ¢. In the U.S., the "bit" as a designation for money dates from the colonial period, when the most common unit of currency used was the Spanish dollar, also known as "piece of eight", which was worth 8 Spanish silver reales.  $ or 1 silver real was 1 "bit".

With the adoption of the decimal U.S. currency in 1794, there was no longer a U.S. coin worth $, but "two bits" remained in the language with the meaning of $.  Because there was no 1-bit coin, a dime (10¢) was sometimes called a short bit and 15¢ a long bit.  (The picayune, which was originally real or bit (¢), was similarly transferred to the US nickel.)

In addition, Spanish coinage, like other foreign coins, continued to be widely used and allowed as legal tender by Chapter XXII of the Act of April 10, 1806 until the Coinage Act of 1857 discontinued the practice.

Robert Louis Stevenson describes his experience with bits in Across the Plains, (1892) p.144:

"Two bits" or "two bit" continues in general use as a colloquial expression, for 25¢, or a quarter dollar as in the song catchphrase "Shave and a Haircut, two bits." As an adjective, "two-bit" describes something cheap or unworthy.

Roger Miller's song "King of the Road" features the lines: Ah, but two hours of pushin' broom buys an / Eight by twelve four-bit room referring to signs stating "Rooms to let, 50¢."

In the early 1930s, Crown Records was a US record label which sold records for only  25¢. The company advertised on their sleeves, "2 Hits for 2 Bits."

Another example of this use of "bit" can be found in the poem "Six-Bits Blues" by Langston Hughes, which includes the following couplet: Gimme six bits' worth o'ticket / On a train that runs somewhere.…

The expression also survives in the sports cheer "Two bits, four bits, six bits, a dollar … all for (player's name), stand up and holler!"

The New York Stock Exchange continued to list stock prices in $ until June 24, 1997, at which time it started listing in $.  It did not fully implement decimal listing until January 29, 2001.

Danish West Indies
From 1905 to 1917, the Danish West Indies used the bit as part of its currency system.  In 1904, two new currency denominations were introduced: the bit and francs which were overlaid on the old cent and daler denominations.  The four units were related as 5 bits = 1 cent, 100 bits = 20 cents = 1 franc, 100 cents = 5 francs = 1 daler. Coins were issued each denominated in two units, bits and cents, francs and cents, or francs and daler.  Postage stamps were denominated in bits and francs; the lowest value was five bits.

United Kingdom, Commonwealth countries and Ireland
In Britain, Ireland and parts of the former British Empire, where before decimalisation a British-style currency of "pounds, shillings and pence" was in use, the word "bit" was applied colloquially to any of a range of low-denomination coins. Thus a threepence coin or "threepenny piece" was referred to as a "threepenny bit", usually pronounced "thrupny bit".

The term was used only for coins with a value of several named units (e.g., three pence), and never applied to  a penny, shilling, or half crown coin.

Although earlier there had been other values in circulation such as the "fourpenny bit" or "groat", the "bit" coins still in use in the United Kingdom up to decimalisation in 1971 were the two-shilling bit (or "florin") (often "two-bob bit"), the sixpenny bit (or "tanner"), and the threepenny bit.

In the UK, use of the term "bit" had already disappeared with the exception of the 'thruppeny bit', by the time British currency moved to decimal coinage and the consequential loss of the coin denominations to which it had applied. Thus a ten pence piece is referred to merely as "ten pence", or even "ten pee", not as a "tenpenny bit". The term 'pee' refers to the change in abbreviation of the British penny from 'd' to 'p' which denoted the 'New Penny'.

The historic American adjective "two-bit" (to describe something worthless or insignificant) has a British equivalent in "tuppenny-ha'penny" – literally, worth two and a half (old) pence.

See also
Picayune
Spanish real
Spanish dollar
Danish West Indian daler
 List of alternative names for currency

References

Coins of the United States

Bit (money)


La gare de La Haye-Malherbe - Montaure est une gare ferroviaire, fermée, de la ligne de Saint-Georges-Motel à Grand-Quevilly, située sur le territoire de la commune de La Haye-Malherbe, dans le département de l'Eure en région Normandie.

Situation ferroviaire
Établie à  d'altitude, la gare de La Haye-Malherbe - Montaure était située au point kilométrique (PK) 81,310 de la ligne de Saint-Georges-Motel à Grand-Quevilly, entre la halte de Tostes et la gare de Saint-Pierre-lès-Elbeuf.

Elle disposait de deux voies et de deux quais.

Histoire
La ligne de Saint-Georges-Motel à Grand-Quevilly - du moins sa section entre Saint-Georges-Motel et la limite du département de l'Eure - est déclarée d'utilité publique le . Le tronçon de Louviers à Caudebec-lès-Elbeuf est ouvert le , ce qui conduisit à la mise en service de la gare de La Haye-Malherbe - Montaure. Lors de son inauguration, les premiers billets la nommait « gare de Montaure ». Celle-ci est reliée à la gare de Rouen-Orléans le .

La gare servait à exporter une partie de la production de tuiles et de poteries de La Haye-Malherbe et d'Écrosville. En 1887, les élus de La Haye-Malherbe demandèrent des arrêts plus fréquent à la gare pour cette raison.

Le service voyageurs est supprimé le  entre Louviers et Elbeuf-Ville, ce qui concerne la gare de La Haye-Malherbe - Montaure. Le service marchandises est supprimé en 1949 entre Louviers et La Haye-Malherbe - Montaure, et le  entre La Haye-Malherbe - Montaure et Saint-Pierre-lès-Elbeuf, ce qui entraîne la fermeture définitive de la gare. La section de Louviers à La Haye-Malherbe - Montaure est déclassée le , et celle de La Haye-Malherbe - Montaure à Elbeuf le .

Patrimoine ferroviaire
Le bâtiment voyageurs d'origine est toujours présent. Réaffecté, il accueille une entreprise de chaudronnerie.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste de gares en France
 Ligne de Saint-Georges-Motel à Grand-Quevilly

Liens externes
 Le blog sur les gares SNCF : la gare de La Haye-Malherbe - Montaure
 Pont-de-l'Arche, ma ville... : la gare de La Haye-Malherbe - Montaure

Gare mise en service en 1875
Gare fermée dans l'Eure

Gare de La Haye-Malherbe - Montaure


Dark (dansk: Mørket) er en tysksproget web-tv-serie skabt af Baran bo Odar og Jantje Friese for Netflix.

Serien havde premiere på Netflix 1. december 2017. Den første sæson – på ti afsnit – blev hovedsagelig godt modtaget, med positive og negative sammenligninger med Stranger Things, en anden overnaturlig thrillerserie fra Netflix.

Optagelserne af Dark begyndte 18. oktober 2016, i og omkring Berlin, og sluttede i marts 2017. Serien er filmet i 4K-opløsning (Ultra HD).

Afsnit

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Tyske tv-serier fra 2010'erne
Thrillerserier fra Tyskland

Dark (tv-serie)


Jean-Luc Paul Bennahmias (født 2. december 1954 i 12. arrondissement i Paris) er en fransk journalist og centrum-venstre politiker. Han har været medlem af EU-parlamentet, og han forsøgte forgæves at blive præsidentkandidat i 2017.

Medlem af regionsråd og EU-parlamentet
Jean-Luc Bennahmias var medlem af regionsrådet for Île-de-France i 1992–1996 og af regionsrådet for Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur i 2004–2009.

Bennahmias var medlem af Europa-Parlamentet i 2004 – 2014.

Præsidentvalget i 2017
Socialistpartiet og en række mindre partier udskrev et fælles primærvalg (la Belle Alliance populaire) forud for præsidentvalget i 2017.

Første runde af valget fandt sted den 22. januar 2017. Jean-Luc Bennahmias opstillede, men han opnåede kun 1,03 % af stemmerne. Dermed gled han ud af primærvalget, og det blev socialisterne Benoît Hamon og Manuel Valls, der kom til at gå videre til anden valgrunde den 29. januar 2017.

Politiske partier
Jean-Luc Bennahmias har været medlem af flere politiske partier.

Han var således medlem af De Grønne i 1984–2007 og af Den demokratiske bevægelse i 2007–2014. I 1997–2001 var Bennahmias landssekretær for De Grønne, og i 2004–2007 var han formand for den grønne gruppe i regionsrådet for Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.

Politikere fra Frankrig
Præsidentaspiranter fra Frankrig

Jean-Luc Bennahmias


Das Haus Steinbrücke 10 ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Gebäude in der Stadt Quedlinburg in Sachsen-Anhalt.

Lage
Es befindet sich südlich des Quedlinburger Marktplatzes. Unmittelbar westlich des Hauses verläuft der Mühlgraben.

Architektur und Geschichte
Das Gebäude entstand im Jahr 1907 in Formen des Jugendstils. Der Bau ist unregelmäßig gegliedert. Im Erdgeschoss befinden sich ebenfalls im Jugendstil gestaltete Ladeneinbauten.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Kulturdenkmale in Quedlinburg

Literatur
 Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Sachsen-Anhalt (Hrsg.): Denkmalverzeichnis Sachsen-Anhalt. Band 7: Falko Grubitzsch, unter Mitwirkung von Alois Bursy, Mathias Köhler, Winfried Korf, Sabine Oszmer, Peter Seyfried und Mario Titze: Landkreis Quedlinburg. Teilband 1: Stadt Quedlinburg. Fliegenkopf, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-910147-67-4, S. 242.

Kulturdenkmal in Quedlinburg
Erbaut in den 1900er Jahren
Steinbrücke (Quedlinburg)

Steinbrücke 10 (Quedlinburg)


La microrregión del Médio Curu es una de las microrregiones del estado brasileño del Ceará perteneciente a la mesorregión Norte Cearense. Su población fue estimada en 2005 por el IBGE en 78.920 habitantes y está dividida en cinco municipios. Posee un área total de 3.002,262 km².

Municipios

 Apuiarés
 General Sampaio
 Pentecoste
 São Luís do Curu
 Tejuçuoca

Medio Curu

Microrregión del Medio Curu


Mie Leth Karshøj (født 6. februar 1994) er en dansk fodboldspiller, forsvarsspiller, der spiller for danske HB Køge i Elitedivisionen. Hun har været en del af Danmarks kvindefodboldlandshold siden 2013.

Karriere

Klub
Jans startede sin fodboldkarriere med Dragør Boldklub. Hun skiftede til Brøndby og derefter til Ballerup-Skovlunde Fodbold (BSF) i 2012. Efter to sæsoner hos BSF, vendte hun tilbage til Brøndby i juni 2014.. Den 1. juli 2017 skiftede Jans til Manchester City Women på en 2 årig kontrakt.Den 1. januar 2019 skiftede Jans til FC Rosengård som overtog kontrakten hos Manchester City Women. Debut for FC Rosengård skete den 27. april 2019 i kampen mod KIF Örebro som FC Rosengård vandt med 4-0. Jans blev skiftet ind for Anja Mittag i 67. minut.

Hun skiftede i januar 2020, til den svenske ligaklub Vittsjö GIK, med hvem hun har spillede for indtil sommeren 2022. Herefter vendte hun hjem til den danske liga for mestrene fra HB Køge.

Landshold
Jans fik sin debut for Danmark i november 2013, da hun blev skiftet ind for Nanna Christiansen i 79. minut i en 5–0 sejr over Malta i Valetta. Hun var en del af truppen til Algarve Cup 2016og en del af truppen til EM-slutrunden 2017 i Holland.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Mie Leth Jans på Instagram
 Mie Leth Jans på Facebook

Kvindelige fodboldlandsholdsspillere fra Danmark
Fodboldspillere fra Brøndby IF

Mie Leth Karshøj


قائمة ملوك اشور تضع أسماء ملوك وحكام الدولة الآشورية وفق تسلسل زمني لتاريخ حكم كل منهم، والذي يبدأ بالسنة الجديدة وفق التقليد المتبع في بلاد الرافدين القديمة، والذي لايطابق بالضرورة تاريخ استلام المُلك، فوفق التقاليد يبقى اسم الملك القديم لكامل السنة في حال انتهت فترة حكمه قبل الشهرين الأخيرين في السنة الشمسية، وتسمى السنة الجديدة للحاكم الجديد حتى وإن كان قد بدأ قبل ذلك بشهور
ومن أهم القوائم الاشورية «الليمو» وهو اسم يطلق علي منظم الاحتفالات والمناسبات في ذلك الوقت

القائمة

الفترة الآشورية المبكرة

العصر الآشوري القديم

العصر الآشوري الوسيط

العصر الآشوري الحديث
يبدأ العصر الآشوري الحديث بـ (911 – 612 ق.م) ويقسم إلى مرحلتين:

 الإمبراطورية الاشورية الأولى (911-745 ق.م): متمثلاً بعصر أدد نيراري الثاني (911 –891 ق.م) وخلفائه إلى اعتلاء تغلث فلاسر الثالث العرش الاشوري (745-727 ق.م)، أي انه دام قرابة قرن ونصف من الزمان .
 الإمبراطورية الاشورية الثانية (745-612 ق.م): وتشمل بقية العهد الاشوري الحديث أي منذ اعتلاء الملك تغلث فلاسر الثالث (745-727ق.م) وخلفائه إلى نهاية حكم الاشوريين السياسي وسقوط عاصمتهم نينوى 612 ق.م.

انظر ايضاً

 قائمة الملوك السومريين
 ملوك بابل
 قائمة سلالات بلاد ما بين النهرين
 آشور

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 قائمة الملوك الآشوريين علي موقع ليفيوس.

حكام العراق
شخصيات من الكتاب العبري
قوائم متعلقة بالشرق الأوسط
قوائم متعلقة بالعراق
قوائم ملوك
ملوك آشوريون
قوائم ملكيون في آسيا

ملوك آشور


IONISx este un furnizor de MOOC. IONISx lucrează cu universități și alte organizații, oferind cursuri de fizică, inginerie, științe sociale, afaceri, informatică, marketing digital și știința datelor, precum și în alte discipline.

Note

Legături externe
 IONISx

Site-uri web educaționale
Fondări în 2013
Servicii online
Companii de software din Franța

IONISx


Agnis Čavars (Ķekava, 31 de julho de 1986) é um jogador letão de basquete profissional.

Ele conquistou a medalha de ouro nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 na disputa 3x3 masculino com a equipe da Letônia, ao lado de Edgars Krūmiņš, Kārlis Lasmanis e Nauris Miezis.

Basquetebolistas da Letónia
Basquetebolistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Campeões olímpicos da Letônia

Agnis Čavars


An Pleurothallis tentaculata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Eduard Friedrich Poeppig ngan Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni John Lindley. An Pleurothallis tentaculata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pleurothallis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pleurothallis

Pleurothallis tentaculata


1960 Yaz Olimpiyatları ya da resmî adıyla XVII. Olimpiyat Oyunları  (İtalyanca: Giochi della XVII Olimpiade), 1960 yılında İtalya'nın başkenti Roma'da düzenlenmiş uluslararası çok sporlu etkinliktir. Roma daha önce 1908 Yaz Olimpiyatlarının organizasyonunu üstlenmişti, ancak 1906'da Vezüv Yanardağı'nın patlamasının ardından şehrin bu görevi reddetmekten ve Londra'ya devretmekten başka seçeneği kalmamıştı. Sovyetler Birliği 1960 Oyunlarında en çok altın ve toplam madalya kazanan ülke olmuştur. İlk Paralimpik Oyunları Roma'da 1960 Yaz Olimpiyatları ile birlikte düzenlenmiş ve bu tür etkinlikler ilk kez aynı zamana denk gelmiştir. Türkiye sadece güreş branşında olmak üzere 7 altın 2 gümüş madalya alarak hala olimpiyatlarda en çok altın madalya kazandığı oyunlar olmuştur.

Ev sahibi seçimi
15 Haziran 1955 tarihinde Paris, Fransa'da düzenlenen 50. Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi (IOC) oturumunda Roma, Brüksel, Mexico City, Tokyo, Detroit, Budapeşte ve son olarak Lozan'ı geride bırakarak 1960 Oyunlarına ev sahipliği yapma hakkını kazandı. Tokyo ve Mexico City daha sonra sırasıyla 1964 ve 1968 Yaz Olimpiyatlarına ev sahipliği yapacaktı.

Toronto başlangıçta oyunlarla ilgilenmiş, ancak sürecinin son aşamasında mali nedenlerden dolayı teklif vermekten vazgeçmiştir. Bu, Toronto'nun o tarihten 2008 Oyunlarına kadar Yaz Olimpiyatlarını almak için yaptığı beş başarısız girişimden ilkiydi.

Branşlar

Madalya tablosu

1960 Oyunlarında madalya kazanan ilk on ülke:

(*) Batı ve Doğu Almanya ortak takımla katıldı.

Katılımcı ülkeler

Roma Oyunlarına toplam 83 ülke katıldı. Fas, San Marino, Sudan ve Tunus'tan sporcular ilk kez Olimpiyat Oyunlarında yarıştı.
Barbados, Jamaika ve Trinidad ve Tobago'dan sporcular "Antiller" olarak yarışarak yeni (Britanya) Batı Hint Adaları Federasyonu'nu temsil edecekti, ancak bu ulus sadece bu tek Olimpiyat için var olacaktı. Kuzey Rodezya ve Güney Rodezya'dan sporcular Rodezya ve Nyasaland Federasyonu'nu temsil ederken Rodezya adı altında yarıştılar. Doğu Almanya ve Batı Almanya'dan sporcular 1956'dan 1964'e kadar Birleşik Almanya Takımı olarak yarışacaktı. Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'nden sporcular en son 1952 Yaz Oyunları'nda yarışmış ancak Çin Cumhuriyeti ile Çin'i temsil etme hakkı konusunda yaşanan anlaşmazlık nedeniyle Olimpiyat sürecinden çekilmişlerdi. Parantez içindeki sayı, her bir ülkenin katkıda bulunduğu katılımcı sayısını göstermektedir.

  da ilk kez Olimpiyatlara katıldı, ancak tek sporcusu (Wim Esajas) bir planlama hatası nedeniyle yarışmadan çekildi.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Olympics.com Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi
 Rome 1960: The Olympics That Changed the World, David Maraniss, New York, NY, U.S.: Simon & Schuster, 2008.
 1960 Roma Olimpiyatları'nın programı

Roma'da düzenlenen spor etkinlikleri
İtalya'da düzenlenen uluslararası spor müsabakaları
İtalya'daki çok sporlu etkinlikler
1960'ta çok sporlu etkinlikler

1960 Yaz Olimpiyatları


An Axonopus polystachyus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni George Alexander Black. An Axonopus polystachyus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Axonopus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Axonopus

Axonopus polystachyus


هذا الاسم قد يشير إلى:
 كتاب الرمال العربية.
 فلم الرمال العربية.

الرمال العربية (توضيح)


Mislinja je rijeka u Sloveniji. Duga je 36 km. Porječje iznosi 238 km2. Izvire na planini Pohorje u blizini Mislinje, zatim teče kroz Mislinjsku dolinu i naselja Slovenj Gradec i Šentjanž, te se ulijeva u Mežu kod Dravograda.

Rijeke u Sloveniji
Porječje Drave

Mislinja (rijeka)


Joseph Francis Charles Rock () a fost un explorator, geograf, lingvist și botanist austriaco-american.

Viață
S-a născut la Viena (Austria), a plecat în Egipt la vârsta de 10 ani, împreună cu tatăl său, iar mai târziu a hoinărit prin Europa. În urma unui impuls, a emigrat în Statele Unite ale Americii în 1905. S-a stabilit inițial la New York și s-a mutat în 1907 la Honolulu, Hawaii, unde a devenit ulterior o autoritate în ceea ce privește flora de acolo. El a predat mai întâi cu normă întreagă la Mills College (cunoscut acum sub numele Mid-Pacific Institute) și a intrat în concediu în septembrie 1908 din motive de sănătate. În calitate de primul botanist oficial al teritoriului Hawaii, a devenit în 1911 profesor la College of Hawaii (numele a fost schimbat în 1920 în University of Hawaii), a înființat primul ierbar al colegiului și a fost primul curator al ierbarului din 1911 până în 1920, când a părăsit colegiul pentru a petrece următoarele decenii ca explorator al florei din Asia.

În timpul rebeliunilor populației nomade golok (1917-1949), Rock a fost martorul luptelor repetate între armata chinezilor musulmani din clica Ma și tibetanii golok din districtul Xiahe și de la mănăstirea Labrang. Armata clicii Ma a lăsat scheletele tibetanilor împrăștiate pe o arie largă, iar mănăstirea Labrang a fost ornată cu capetele tăiate ale tibetanilor. După bătălia din apropiere de Labrang din 1929, trupele chineze musulmane au folosit cele 154 de capete tăiate ale tibetanilor pe post de ornamente în tabăra lor militară. Rock a descris prezența capetelor unor "copii și tinere fete" înfipte în niște pari din jurul taberei militare. Zece-cincisprezece capete au fost așezate pe șaua fiecărui călăreț musulman. Capetele erau "înșirate pe zidurile garnizoanei musulmane ca o ghirlandă de flori".

În martie 2009 University of Hawaii din Manoa a dat ierbarului numele lui Joseph Rock. Lucrări și colecții ale lui Joseph Rock sau de la Joseph Rock sunt păstrate în Biblioteca Congresului.

Plante numite după Rock
Speciile endemice hawaiene Lobelia rockii din Molokai, Peperonia Rockii și Pandanus Rockii Martelli de pe atolul Palmyra, bujorul Paeonia rockii din munții Gansu aflați în vestul Chinei și scorușul cu fructe galbene "Joseph Rock" au fost numite după Rock.

Lucrări științifice
În 1916 Rock a realizat prima descriere științifică a Atolului Palmyra din Oceanul Pacific. În urma expedițiilor sale ulterioare în China, Tibet și în estul munților Himalaya, el a elaborat un dicționar de 1.094 de pagini, numeroase lucrări științifice și două cărți de istorie a populației Nakhi (Naxi) și a limbii vorbite în nord-vestul provinciei Yunnan, care au fost utilizate pe scară largă pentru studiul culturii, limbii și religiei populației Nakhi. Aceste cărți nu se mai tipăresc și pot fi găsite, în consecință, la prețuri foarte mari pe piețele de cărți rare.

Cele mai importante dintre lucrările sale sunt:
 Palmyra Island with a Description of its Flora, Honolulu, 1916.
 The Ancient Nakhi Kingdom of Southwest China. 2 vol. ilustrate. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1948.
 A Nakhi-English encyclopedic dictionary. Roma: I.M.E.O., 1963.
 Articole publicate în revista National Geographic:
 "Hunting the Chaulmoogra tree" (1922) 3:242-276 (publicată și separat).
 "Banishing the Devil of Disease Among the Nashi: Weird Ceremonies Performed by an Aboriginal Tribe in the Heart of Yunnan Province" (1924) 46:473-499
 "Land of the Yellow Lama: National Geographic Society Explorer Visits the Strange Kingdom of Muli, Beyond the Likiang Snow Range of Yunnan, China" (1924) 47: 447-491
 "Experiences of a Lone Geographer: An American Agricultural Explorer Makes His Way through Brigand-Infested Central China En Route to the Amne Machin Range, Tibet" (1925) 48: 331-347
 "Through the Great River Trenches of Asia: National Geographic Society Explorer Follows the Yangtze, Mekong, and Salwin Through Mighty Gorges" (1926) 50: 133-186
 "Life among the Lamas of Choni: Describing the Mystery Plays and Butter Festival in the Monastery of an Almost Unknown Tibetan Principality in Kansu Province, China" (1928): 569-619
 "Seeking the Mountains of Mystery: An Expedition on the China-Tibet Frontier to the Unexplored Amnyi Machen range, One of Whole Peaks Rivals Everest" (1930) 57:131-185
 "Glories of the Minya Konka: Magnificent Snow Peaks of the China-Tibetan Border are Photographed at Close Range by a National Geographic Society Expedition" (1930) 58:385-437
 "Konka Risumgongba, Holy Mountain of the Outlaws" (1931) 60:1-65
 "Sungmas, the Living Oracles of the Tibetan Church" (1935) 68:475-486.

Vezi și
  Gongga Shan, un munte din provincia Sichuan despre care Rock a crezut o perioadă în mod eronat (din cauza echipamentului modest de măsurare) că ar fi cel mai înalt din lume.

Note

Lectură suplimentară
 Chock, Alvin K. 1963. "J. F. Rock, 1894-1962." Taxon 12(3):89-102.
 Michael Aris (1992), Lamas, Princes, and Brigands. Joseph Rock's Photographs of the Tibetan Borderlands of China, China Institute in America, New York City
 Sutton, S.B. (1974), In China's Border Provinces: The Turbulent Career of Joseph Rock, Botanist Explorer, New York
 Gore, R. (1997), "Joseph Rock (1922-1935): Our Man in China", National Geographic Magazine, 191: 62-81
 Goodman, Jim (Caravan Press 2006), Joseph F. Rock and His Shangri-La
 Frain, Irène (Fayard 2006), Au Royaume des Femmes, , notiță bnf 40999356
 Frain, Irène (Maren Sell 2007), A la recherche du Royaume, , notiță bnf 41008902
 Film: A King in China - A People and Places Production © 2003, Paul Harris (director)

Legături externe
 In the footsteps of Joseph Rock: a photoblog
 Joseph Rock's photos
 Joseph Rock's photographs of China
 Book review
 Joseph Francis Rock Collection at the Smithsonian Institution Archives
 International Plant Names index

Nașteri în 1884
Decese în 1962
Oameni din Viena
Geografi americani
Tibetologi
Lingviști americani
Lingviști austrieci
Exploratori americani
Botaniști cu abreviere de autor
Botaniști americani
Botaniști austrieci
Austrieci expatriați în Statele Unite
Exploratori ai Tibetului

Joseph Rock


Jim Geelen est un mathématicien canadien, spécialiste de théorie des graphes et de la théorie des matroïdes. Il est professeur au Département de combinatoire et d'optimisation de la  de l'université de Waterloo, où il est titulaire de la Chaire de recherche du Canada en optimisation combinatoire.

Formation et carrière
Il a obtenu un baccalauréat ès sciences en 1992 de l'université Curtin en Australie et a obtenu son doctorat en 1996 à l'université de Waterloo sous la direction de William Cunningham, avec une thèse intitulée « Matchings, Matroids and Unimodular Matrices ». Après de brèves bourses postdoctorales aux Pays-Bas, en Allemagne et au Japon, il est retourné à l'université de Waterloo en 1997.

Travaux
Il est connu pour ses travaux sur la théorie des matroïdes et l'extension du projet Graph Minors aux matroïdes représentables.

Prix et distinctions
En 2003, il a remporté le prix Fulkerson avec ses co-auteurs A.M.H. Gerards et A. Kapoor pour leurs recherches sur la  de Rota à propos des . En 2006, il a remporté le prix Coxeter-James décerné par la Société mathématique du Canada.

Publications

avec G. Whittle: « Inequivalent representations of matroids over prime fields », Adv. in Applied Math., vol 51, 2013, p. 1–175
avec B. Gerards, G. Whittle: « On inequivalent representations of matroids over nonprime fields », J. Comb. Theory B, vol 100, 2010, p. 740–743
avec Gerards, Whittle: « Excluding a planar graph from GF(q)-representable matroids », J. Comb. Theory B, vol 97, 2007, p. 971–998

Références

Liens externes

Personnalité en combinatoire
Étudiant de l'Université de Waterloo
Professeur à l'Université de Waterloo
Mathématicien canadien
Lauréat du prix Coxeter-James
Lauréat du prix Fulkerson

Jim Geelen


Öncü, Malatya ilini Yeşilyurt ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Malatya iline 46, Yeşilyurt ilçesine 38 km mesafede bulunan köy, yeni bir mahallesidir. Mezraları; Güven, Mahmutlar, Akçörek, Davutlar, Mağara'dır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 YerelNet

Yeşilyurt'un mahalleleri

Öncü, Yeşilyurt


جامعة إكستر-  وتنطق كذلك إكزتر هي إحدى جامعات الإقليم الجنوبي الغربي من إنكلترا في المملكة المتحدة وتقع في مدينة إكستر بمقاطعة ديفون بإنكلترا وتعتبر من أفضل الجامعات البريطانية وأكثرها صعوداً في التطور والنمو.
تعود بداياتها إلى عام 1855 م بعد فتح مدرسة العلوم والآداب ومع ذلك لم تعلن كجامعة إلا في عام 1955 حيث تم الحصول على امتياز فتح الجامعة.
عدد طلابها لحد العام 2008 جاوز ال 15 الف طالب منهم أكثر من 4 آلاف طالب دراسات عليــا.
تتالف من ثلاثة احرم جامعية (ستريثام-سانت لوك-تريمو) ويعتبر الحرم الجامعي في ستريثام الجزء الأساسي من الجامعة إذ انه يحـــوي أغلب الاقسام الأساسية.

السمعة الأكاديمية والتخصصات المتميزة
 دخلت إكستر إلى قائمة العشر جامعات الأولى في بريطانيا حيث صنفت عام 2011-2012 في المرتبة 10 على مستوى بريطانيا، كما قد صنفت كذلك في عام 2010 كواحدة من أفضل 10 جامعات في المملكة المتحدة بريطانيا على مؤشر تايم لأفضل جامعات بريطانيا ''' (The Times Good University Guide) حيث احتلت إكستر المرتبة التاسعة إلى جانب أعرق جامعات بريطانيا: أكسفورد، كامبردج، جامعة كلية لندن، امبريال كوليدج، مدرسة لندن للاقتصاد، جامعة وارويك، سانت اندروس، جامعة ديرهام، جامعة بريستول.

وتقدمت إكستر وفق هذا التصنيف الأخير على عدد من الجامعات البريطانية العريقة مثل جامعات - مانشستر، أدنبره، كينجز كوليدج، شيفيلد، برمنغهام، وغلاسكو

وصنف الحرم الجامعي بها ضمن أفضل 5 على مستوى المملكة المتحدة بحسب الاستطلاع الوطني National Student Survey

 فازت جامعة إكستر بجائزة تايمز لأرفع الجامعات في Winner of the "Times Higher University of the Year" award in 2007/2008

كما حازت الجامعة على جائزة الملكة السنوية The Queen's Anniversary Prize لثلاث مرات حيث منحت الجائزة الأخيرة إلى فريق مـن العلماء الذين حولوا حياة المئات من الذين يعانون من مرض السكري.

جاءت الجامعة في المرتبة الأولى بين الجامعات البريطانية في مجال علم «الآثار القديمـة».

وحلت خامسة في الدعم الأكاديمي وتطوير الأفراد، واحتلت المركز الرابع في مستوى رضا الطلبة (استطلاع صنداي تايمز لعام 2008)
كما صنفت مدرسة إدارة الأعمال بها كإحدى أفضل 20 مدرسة في المملكة المتحدة في عام 2008، حيث صنف مجال المحاسبة والتمويل كأفضل ثاني برنامج على مستوى جامعات بريطانيا وتخصص الاقتصاديات في المرتبة رقم 12 وجاء ترتيب إدارة الأعمال في المركز 16 بين الجامعات البريطانية وصنفت مدرسة السياسة والعلوم الاجتماعية من بين أفضل أربع جامعات في المملكة المتحدة لعام 2009 بعد اكسفورد وكامبردج ومدرسة لندن للاقتصاد والسياسة.

وحاز البروفيسور John Tooke من كلية Peninsula Medical Schoolالطبية بالجامعة على جائزة الملكة السنوية The Queen's Anniversary Prize في عام 1996 أيضالانجازه العلمي في مجال مرض السكري

وحسب تصنيف RAE البحثي العالمي لعام 2008، فقد اعتبرت نسبة 90 % من بحوث الجامعة معترف بها دوليـاً.

وبحسب تصنيف QS World University Rankings أعتبرت جامعة إكستر واحدة من أفضل 300 جامعة على المستوى العالمي.

المصادر

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي لجامعة إكستر على شبكة المعلومات العالمية
 تايم TIME لافضل جامعات بريطانيا يصنف إكستر ضمن أفضل 10 في المملكة المتحدة
 مؤشر QS يصنف إكستر ضمن أفضل 300 جامعة على المستوى العالمي

تأسيسات سنة 1922 في إنجلترا
جامعات أسست في عقد 1950
مجموعة رسل
مواقع جذب سياحي في إكستر
هيئات تعليمية أسست في 1922
مستشارو جامعة إكستر
جامعات وكليات أسست في 1922

جامعة إكستر


O francolim-de-garganta-branca (Campocolinus albogularis) é uma espécie de ave da família Phasianidae.

Distribuição geográfica
A espécie pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Angola, Benim, Burkina Faso, Camarões, Costa do Marfim, Gâmbia, Gana, Guiné, Mali, Nigéria, República Democrática do Congo, Senegal, Togo e Zâmbia.

Essas aves vivem em pastagens tropicais e subtropicais, savanas, terras queimadas e matagais. Alimentam-se de sementes e insectos.

Aves descritas em 1854
Campocolinus

Francolim-de-garganta-branca


Produșii (fragmentele) de fisune sunt speciile nucleare care se obțin în urma procesului de fisiune, (spontană sau indusă). La fisiunea unui nucleu greu se obțin două sau mai multe nuclee mai mici, numite produși de fisiune și un număr oarecare de particule individuale (în special neutroni). Neutronii eliberați în urma procesului de fisiune au energia maximă de peste 10 MeV, iar energia medie de 2 MeV.

Nucleele produșilor de fisiune sunt instabile (radioactive) stabilizarea lor făcându-se în principal prin emisie de particule β și radiații γ, cu energii de câțiva MeV.

În cazul fisiunii 235U, la bombardarea cu neutroni termici rezultă nuclee intermediare de 236U extrem de instabile, care se rup în două (rareori trei) fragmente de fisiune. De aceea, randamentul de formare a fragmentelor de fisiune este 200%.

Produșii de fisiune nu sunt identici și prezentă însă o anumită probabilitate de formare. Numeroși produși de fisiune primari produși în reactorul nuclear au un timp de viață scurt, majoritatea dezintegrându-se și trecând în nuclee stabile, capăt de serie. Marea majoritate a acestor radionuclizi dispar într-un interval de timp relativ scurt, dar apar și nuclizi precum 137Cs sau 90Sr, care pot crea probleme de mediu.

Note

Fisiune nucleară
Radioactivitate
Radiații

Produs de fisiune


Sempervivoideae, najveća od tri potporodica tustikovki kojoj pripada 4 opisana tribusa biljaka sa sukulentnim listovima.

Tribusi i rodovi

 Tribus Umbiliceae Meisn.
 Sinocrassula A. Berger (11 spp.)
 Meterostachys Nakai (1 sp.)
 Orostachys (DC.) Fisch. (15 spp.)
 Hylotelephium H. Ohba (31 spp.)
 Perrierosedum (Berger) H. Ohba (1 sp.)
 Umbilicus DC. (14 spp.)
 Pseudosedum (Boiss.) A. Berger (12 spp.)
 Rhodiola L. (66 spp.)
 Phedimus Raf. (19 spp.)
 Tribus Semperviveae Dumort.
 Sempervivum L. (48 spp.)
 Petrosedum Grulich (10 spp.)
 Tribus Aeonieae Thiede ex Reveal
 Aichryson Webb & Berthel. (15 spp.)
 Monanthes Haw. (13 spp.)
 Aeonium Webb & Berthel. (41 spp.)
 Tribus Sedeae Fr.
 Pistorinia DC. (4 spp.)
 Rosularia (DC.) Stapf (22 spp.)
 Prometheum (A. Berger) H. Ohba (8 spp.)
 Afrovivella A. Berger (1 sp.)
 Sedella Fourr. (4 spp.)
 Dudleya Britton & Rose (47 spp.)
 Sedum L. (449 spp.)
 Cremnophila Rose (3 spp.)
 Villadia Rose (27 spp.)
 Lenophyllum Rose (7 spp.)
 Reidmorania Kimnach (1 sp.)
 Graptopetalum Rose (20 spp.)
 Thompsonella Britton & Rose (8 spp.)
 Echeveria DC. (183 spp.)
 Pachyphytum Link, Klotzsch & Otto (24 spp.)

Vanjske poveznice
Ostali projekti

Izvori

Tustikovke

Sempervivoideae


Bee Gees, 1960'larda soft rock, 1970'lerde disko müzikte büyük sükse yapmış, müzik dünyasının gelmiş geçmiş en başarılı gruplarından biri kabul edilen, İngiltere doğumlu, Avustralya'da büyümüş, ABD'de üne kavuşmuş Barry, Robin ve Maurice isimli üç kardeşten oluşan bir müzik grubudur. Grubun ismi "Brothers Gibb" (Gibb Kardeşler) deki B ve G harflerinin İngilizce okunuşundan esinlenerek oluşturulmuştur. Grup 1997 yılında Dünya Müzik Ödülleri tarafından 1997 yılının Efsane Ödülü'ne layık görülmüştür.

Grup üyelerinden Maurice Gibb 12 Ocak 2003, Robin Gibb 20 Mayıs 2012 tarihinde ölmüştür.

Bee Gees yedi kez Grammy Ödülü kazanmış; albüm ve single satışları 225 milyonu geçerek onları en çok satanlar listesine sokmuştur.

Müzisyenler
Ana üyeler
 Barry Gibb – vokal, gitar (1958–2012)
 Robin Gibb – vokal (1958–1969, 1970–2012)
 Maurice Gibb – vokal, gitar, bass, klavye (1958–2003)

Diğer
 Colin Petersen - davul (1967–1969)
 Vince Melouney - lead gitar (1967–1968)
 Geoff Bridgford - davul (1969–1972)
 Alan Kendall - lead gitar (1971–1980, 1987–2001)
 Dennis Bryon - davul (1974–1980)
 Blue Weaver - klavye (1975–1980)

Diskografi

Stüdyo albümleri

Canlı albümleri

Soundtrack

Filmografi
 1969: Cucumber Castle
 1978: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
 1979: The Bee Gees Special
 1990: One For All Tour
 1997: Keppel Road
 1998: One Night Only
 2001: This Is Where I Came In
 2002: Live By Request
 2010: In Our Own Time

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Bee Gees resmi internet sitesi
 Barry Gibb resmi internet sitesi
 Robin Gibb resmi internet sitesi

Avustralyalı rock müzik grupları
İngiliz rock grupları
Aile üyelerinden oluşan müzik grupları
Disko şarkıcıları
Disko müzisyenleri
Grammy Ödülü sahipleri
1958'de kurulan müzik grupları
1950'lerin müzik grupları
BRIT Ödülü sahipleri
Atco Records sanatçıları
Grammy Efsane Ödülü sahipleri
Grammy Yaşam Boyu Başarı Ödülü sahipleri

Bee Gees


Alfredo Queiroz Ribeiro fue un escultor y profesor universitario portugués, nacido el año 1939 en  Beira (Mozambique) y fallecido el 1974 en Oporto.

Vida y obras
Asistió entre 1959 y 1964, a los cursos de Escultura en la Escuela de Bellas Artes de Oporto y también en este período, participó en exposiciones en la Cooperativa Árvore , en el Centro de Arte de Évora , con los Novíssimos y en la ESBAP. En 1964 ganó el premio de escultura "Maestro Manuel Pereira", patrocinado por la Oficina Nacional de Información, como resultado de una exposición individual en la Galería Divulgação en Oporto.

En 1965, vio sus actividades artísticas interrumpidas por tener que cumplir con el servicio militar obligatorio, después de haber sido movilizado a la escena de la guerra colonial en Guinea.

En 1969 regresó de la guerra en Guinea, vuelve a exponer, de forma individual en la Galería Álvarez de Oporto, y en exposición colectiva en la Galería Quadrante de Lisboa.

A principios de la década de 1970 viajó a Inglaterra con una beca de la Fundación Calouste Gulbenkian , con el fin de continuar sus estudios en escultura.  En este país se pone en contacto con nuevos materiales.

Hasta 1974, la fecha de su prematura muerte , participó en exposiciones y junto con la artista Clara Menéres y Lima de Carvalho fundó el grupo ACRE.

Notas y referencias

Notas

 Enlaces externos

 Escuela Superior de Bellas Artes de Oporto: "Alfredo Queiroz Ribeiro" - Antiguos alumnos.

Escultores de Mozambique
Escultores de Portugal del siglo XX
Alumnado de la Universidad de Oporto

Alfredo Queiroz Ribeiro


Christopher Paul Gardner (født 9. februar 1954 i Milwaukee, Wisconsin), er en amerikansk iværksætter og motivationstaler. Gardner voksede op under vanskelige forhold og har opbygget sin rigdom fra bunden.

Han udgav i 2006 sin selvbiografi Jagten på lykken som samme år filmatiseredes med Will Smith i hovedrollen.

Eksterne henvisninger

Afroamerikanere
Personer fra Milwaukee
Iværksættere fra USA

Chris Gardner


Kam Büre Bey Oğlu Bamsı Beyrek, ya da Bay Bora Beg Oġlı Bamsı Beyrek Dede Korkut Kitabı'nın bölümlerinden birini oluşturan öykü. Dede Korkut Kitabı'nda yer alan 12 hikâyenin en uzunudur.  Çocuğa ad verme geleneğinin görüldüğü hikâyelerden biridir.

Alpamış olarak da bilinen bu hikâye V.-VI. yüzyıllara kadar tarihlenmektedir.

Konusu
Bamsı Beyrek ve Banu Çiçek beşik kertmesidir, ancak birbirlerini tanımazlar. Ayrı ayrı avlanırlarken karşılaşırlar, aralarında bir anlaşmazlık yüzünden güreşe tutuşurlar, ancak ikisi de güçte denk olduğu için birbirlerine üstünlük kuramazlar. Bamsı Beyrek kendisini izleyen kırk yiğidin kendisini ayıplamaması için Banu Çiçek'e yumruk atar ve kazanır.

Bamsı Beyrek, esir düşünce Banu Çiçek'ten on altı sene ayrı kalır. Bu sürede babası Püre Bey'in gözleri ağlamaktan kör olur. Bamsı Beyrek döndüğünde kanlı mendilini babasına verir, babası bu mendili gözlerine sürünce gözleri açılır. Geçen süre sonunda Banu Çiçek mecburen evlenmek zorunda kalır. Düğün günü Bamsı Beyrek gelerek Banu Çiçek'i geri alır.

Yıllar sonra Aruz, Bamsı Beyrek'i obasına dostça çağırır. Pusu kurduğu anlaşılan Aruz, Bamsı Beyrek'in sağ kolunu kestirir.

Hikâye, eski Türklerin kültüründe kadınların da erkeklerle eşit görüldüğünü göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

Dede Korkut hikâyeleri
Türk mitolojisi

Kam Büre Bey Oğlu Bamsı Beyrek


Mujer desnuda subiendo la escalera es un dibujo hecho con lápiz y carbón sobre cartulina realizada por Joan Miró el 1937 y que actualmente forma parte de la colección permanente de la Fundación Joan Miró de Barcelona.

Historia

Se trata de una obra hecha por Joan Miró en plena guerra civil española. Instalado en París comenzó a asistir a clases de dibujo al natural en la escuela de la Grande Chaumière. Miró recuperó la representación de la figura humana en un momento en que acusaba el drama que vivía su país. Este sentimiento se adivina a través de las formas torturadas de esta Mujer desnuda subiendo la escalera. También son de esta época obras como Natura morta del Sabatot y Aidez l'Espagne, entre otras.

Descripción

La obra muestra a una mujer dibujada con mucho realismo y dramatismo, con una nariz exageradamente grande de donde sale unas pequeñas protuberancias o cuernos. Al fondo a la derecha, se ve una especie de ventana o recuadro donde entran rayos de luz. La mujer estira el brazo derecho intentando coger una escalera, símbolo que Miró utiliza en varias obras para representar la evasión. Los genitales de la mujer, como Hombre y mujer ante un montón de excrementos, están muy marcados. Esta obra está relacionada con Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2, hecha por Marcel Duchamp.

Análisis

Exposiciones

Referencias

Bibliografía

Cuadros de Joan Miró
Cuadros de 1937
Desnudo (género artístico)
Cuadros de España de los años 1930
España en 1937

Mujer desnuda subiendo la escalera


سوق الجملة بتونس ويسمى أيضا سوق الجملة ببئر القصعة هو أكبر سوق للخضر والغلال والأسماك بتونس. ويقع في ضاحية بئر القصعة القريبة من مدينة بن عروس جنوبي العاصمة. وهو يتزود من مختلف مناطق البلاد ويقصده تجار الخضر والغلال والأسماك من مختلف المدن التونسية.

تسير هذا السوق شركة تعاضدية تسمى تعاضدية سوق الجملة.

أسواق
شركات تونسية

سوق الجملة بتونس


ألفين فرويدنبرج Alwin Freudenberg (ولد في 19 نوفمبر 1873 في كامينتس - ومات في 30 يونيو 1930 في رادبويل) هو كاتب وتربوي ألماني.

كان فرويدنبرج يصنف نفسه على أنه أديب تربوي. فقد ألف العديد من كتب الأطفال والشبيبة والقصائد وأغاني الأطفال. ومن أبرز أعماله قصيدته الهزلية التي نظمها في عام 1910 بعنوان «عن العملاق تيمبيتو» Vom Riesen Timpetu, التي ما زالت مشهورة ومتداولة حتى الآن في كتب الأطفال والمختارات الأدبية. وتحتل مجلته التربوية «الحرب والمسيحية» Krieg und Christentum التي ظهرت في عام 1918 مكانة خاصة بين أعماله.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

كتاب وكاتبات ألمان
مواليد 1873
مواليد في كامينز
وفيات 1930
وفيات في رادبويل

ألفين فرويدنبرج


ආමාශයික ප්‍රධාන සෛල (හෙවත් පෙප්ටික් සෛල, හෙවත් ආමාශයික සයිමෝජනික සෛල) යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ පෙප්සිනෝජන් සහ ආමාශයික ලයිපේස් මුදාහරින ආමාශයේ පිහිටි සෛල විශේෂයකි. මෙය රෝමාන්ථයන්ගේ කයිමොසින් ස්‍රාවය සිදුකරන සෛල වර්ගය ද වේ. මෙම සෛලවල සෛල ප්ලාස්මයේ විශාල වශයෙන් පැතිරී ඇති රළු අන්තඃප්ලාස්මීය ජාලිකා නිසා H&E වර්ණකය සමබ භස්මකාමී අයුරින් වර්ණගැන්වේ. ආමාශයික ප්‍රධාන සෛල සාමාන්‍යයෙන් පිහිටියේ ආමාශ ආස්තරණයේ ශ්ලේෂ්මලක ස්තරයේ ගැඹුරිනි.

මේවාත් බලන්න

 ආමාශයික අම්ල
 බුධ්න ග්‍රන්ථි
ජනක ප්‍රස්තරවලින් සම්භවය වූ මිනිස් සෛල ලැයිස්තුව

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

බාහිර සබැඳි

  - "සෛලයේ සූක්ෂ්ම ව්‍යූහය: ප්‍රධාන සෛල සහ ආන්ත්‍රිකාන්තරාසර්ග සෛල"
  - "ජීරණ පද්ධතිය: ආහාර මාර්ගය: බුධ්න ආමාශය, ආමාශයික ග්‍රන්ථි"

පෙප්ටයිඩ් හෝර්මෝන ස්‍රාවී සෛල
මිනිස් සෛල
ප්‍රධාන සෛල

ආමාශයික ප්‍රධාන සෛල


Tolkien - Dincolo de poveste este un film american din 2019 regizat de Dome Karukoski.  Este scris de David Gleeson și Stephen Beresford. Prezintă viața timpurie a profesorului englez J. R. R. Tolkien, autor al lucrărilor Hobbitul și The Lord of the Rings, dar și al unor scrieri notabile academice. În film joacă actorii Nicholas Hoult, Lily Collins, Colm Meaney și Derek Jacobi.

Distribuție
 Nicholas Hoult ca J. R. R. Tolkien
 Harry Gilby ca tânărul J. R. R. Tolkien
 Lily Collins ca Edith Bratt, iubita și soția lui Tolkien, inspirația sa pentru personajele Lúthien Tinúviel și Arwen Evenstar
 Mimi Keene ca tânăra Edith Bratt
 Colm Meaney ca părintele catolic Francis Morgan, care a fost ca un tată lui Tolkien
 Derek Jacobi ca Prof. Joseph Wright
 Anthony Boyle ca Geoffrey Bache Smith, un poet foarte apropiat lui Tolkien, a fost ucis în primul război mondial
 Adam Bregman ca tânărul Geoffrey Smith
 Patrick Gibson ca Robert Q. Gilson
 Albie Marber ca tânărul Robert Q. Gilson
 Tom Glynn-Carney - Christopher Wiseman, care l-a invitat pe Tolkien în grupul său social și cultural
 Ty Tennant ca tânărul Christopher Wiseman
 Craig Roberts ca soldatul Sam Hodges
 Pam Ferris ca Mrs. Faulkner
 James MacCallum ca Hilary Tolkien
 Guillermo Bedward ca tânărul Hilary Tolkien
 Laura Donnelly ca Mabel Tolkien
 Genevieve O'Reilly ca Mrs. Smith
 Owen Teale ca Headmaster Gilson
 Samuel Martin ca Red Eyed Captain

Note

Legături externe
 Tolkien on Fox Searchlight's official website

Vezi și
Listă de filme americane din 2019

Filme din 2019
Filme regizate de Dome Karukoski
Filme Buena Vista International
Filme 20th Century Fox
Filme Fox Searchlight Pictures
Filme biografice
Filme dramatice din anii 2010
Filme despre Primul Război Mondial
Filme despre scriitori
Filme despre Frontul de Vest (Primul Război Mondial)
Filme americane despre Primul Război Mondial

Dincolo de poveste


Filifolium, monotipski rod glavočika smješten u podtribus Artemisiinae. Jedina vrsta je trajnica F. sibiricum, iz Ruskog dalekog istoka, južnog Sibira, Mongolije, sjeverne Kine i Japana.

Sinonimi
 Artemisia sibirica Maxim.
 Chrysanthemum trinioides Hand.-Mazz.
 Tanacetum sibiricum L.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Useful Temperate Plants
 Flora of China

Artemisiinae
Flora sjeverne-središnje Kine
Flora Japana
Flora Mongolije
Flora Amurske oblasti
Flora Unutarnje Mongolije
Flora Koreje
Flora Primorskog kraja
Flora Mandžurije
Flora Habarovskog kraja
Flora Burjatije
Flora Čitske oblasti
Flora Irkutske oblasti

Filifolium


السواحلية إحدى أهم بلديات دائرة الغزوات بولاية تلمسان الجزائرية. تقع جنوب غرب مدينة الغزوات وهي على بعد 72 كم عن مدينة تلمسان

موقع بلدية السواحلية
بلدية السواحلية أنشات بمرسوم عام 1984 حيث تونان (مركز البلدية) يتبعها قرى وهي :
 بخاتة
 بوخنايس
 صدادنة
 الحوطط
 دار بن سعيد
 أولاد دالي
 بغاون
 أولاد حمو
 رزايق
 براك
 أولاد مبارك
 القصر
 الزورڨ
 الحاسي
 بوقبة
 دار بومدين
 سيدي لحسن
 مرعاز
 طاولي
 ليقوارة
 اولاد صالح
 النخلة
 تيفرست
 أولاد رمضان
 دياب
 خربة الهواري
 بوريش
 الحدبة
 دار بن عيش
 زاوية الميرة
 دار البيضاء
 أولاد عبد الله
 سيدي إبراهيم
 سيدي بوراحيل
 الأنبار
 مزاورو

المصادر

سواحلية

السواحلية (ولاية تلمسان)


Rose Joan Blondell (født 30. august 1906, død 25. december 1979) var en amerikansk skuespiller og model.

Blondell, født ind i en vaudeville-familie i New York og tilbragte sin barndom turnere rundt i USA, Europa, Kina og Australien, og som i mange forskellige varieteer med sine forældre. Hun vandt en skønhedskonkurrence som Miss Dallas og fik roller på Broadway, herunder musicalen Penny Arcade, hvor hun spillede overfor James Cagney. Hun og James Cagney kom til Hollywood i begyndelsen af 1930'erne og indspillede flere film med hinanden, herunder Sinners' Holiday og The Public Enemy.

Hun blev nomineret til en Oscar for bedste kvindelige birolle for sin præstation i rollen som Annie Rawlins i Det blå slør fra 1951.

Privatliv
Blondell var gift tre gange, herunder i årene 1936-1945 med skuespiller Dick Powell og 1947-1950 med filmproducenten Michael Todd.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra New York
Modeller fra USA
Personer fra New York City
Amerikanere i 1900-tallet
Oscar-nominerede skuespillere

Joan Blondell


An Masdevallia sumapazensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Pedro Ortiz Valdivieso. An Masdevallia sumapazensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Masdevallia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Masdevallia

Masdevallia sumapazensis


تهموني هو أحد ألبومات المطربة نجوى كرم وصدر في عام 2002 وقد احتوى الألبوم على ثمان أغاني.

الأغاني
براءة
بغرامك مسلوبة
بنوب
العمر مشوار
أوعى تكون زعلت
تهموني
تمسكن
يا مدوبني

ألبومات 2002
ألبومات نجوى كرم

تهموني (ألبوم)


We Are All We Need é o quarto álbum do grupo de música eletrônica Above & Beyond. O álbum conta com participações de Zoë Johnston, Alex Vargas, Gemma Hayes e Justine Suissa.

O álbum explora ainda mais o estilo do Progressive House, distanciando das raízes Trance do grupo.

"Little Something" marca a primeira aparição de Justine Suissa com o Above & Beyond fora do projeto OceanLab.

Faixas

 Notes

  significa uma produção adicional

Above e Beyond

We Are All We Need


Agrilus relegatoides é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Novak, 2003.

Referências

relegatoides

Agrilus relegatoides