Le  est un championnat de catch (lutte professionnelle) féminin utilisé par la  (). Sa création est annoncée le  et la première championne est désignée dans un tournoi à élimination directe opposant cinq catcheuses. L'actuelle championne est Rina. Ce titre est destinée aux jeunes catcheuses, en effet, jusqu'au 20 décembre 2020, il fallait soit avoir moins de deux ans d'expérience soit moins de 20 ans pour être éligible mais depuis la victoire de Saya Iida, il faut maintenant avoir moins de trois ans d'expérience sans limite d'âge.

Histoire
Le , le président de la  Rossy Ogawa présente la ceinture de championne  qui va être destinée aux jeunes catcheuses. La première championne va être désignée au cours d'un tournoi dont les participantes sont :

 Hanan
 Ruaka
 Shiki Shibusawa

 AZM

Le , la  annonce que Saya Iida qui est alors la championne  s'est déchirée les ligaments croisés du genou droit. La  rend son titre vacant le  et annonce l'organisation d'un tournoi opposant sept catcheuses. Les participantes sont :

 Mina Shirakawa
 Ruaka
 Rina
 Hina
 Unagi Sayaka
 Lady C
 Hanan

Notes et références

Championnat féminin de catch
Championnat de catch (Stardom)

Future of Stardom Championship


Mihaela Dascălu (n. 12 februarie 1970, Brașov, Republica Socialistă România) este o fostă patinatoare de viteză din România și cea mai de succes patinatoare de viteză din această țară.

Dascălu s-a născut în orașul Brașov, și l-a început a practicat patinajul artistic înainte de schimbarea la patinaj viteză. A debutat în 1987 la Campionatul Mondial de Juniori, unde a terminat pe locul al șaptelea. În anul următor ea a terminat a noua, dar ulterior a fost descalificată, împreună cu coechipiera ei Cerasela Hordobețiu, ceea ce a însemnat ratarea participării la Jocurile Olimpice de Iarnă din 1988 de la Calgary.

Ea a revenit în competițiile internaționale în 1991 și a terminat a șasea în proba de 1000 de metri din cadrul Jocurilor Olimpice de Iarnă din 1992, cel mai bun rezultat obținut de vreun patinator viteză român la Olimpiadă. În 1994 a obținut medalia de bronz în Campionatul Mondial de Patinaj viteză din Butte, Montana, și a terminat a opta în probele de 1500 m și 3000 de metri în cadrul Jocurilor Olimpice de Iarnă din 1994.

Ea a continuat să concureze în anii 1990, cu numeroase clasări în primii zece. Ea a terminat a treia în proba de 3000 de metri la a șasea etapă din Cupa Mondială 1995-1996 și în Finala Cupei Mondiale 1995-1996, când a luat medalie de bronz și în proba de 1500 de metri. Ea s-a clasat a doua în proba de 3000 de metri în a noua etapă din Cupa Mondială 1995-1996, în Finala Cupei Mondiale 1996-1997, în proba de 1000 de metri din a șaptea Cupă Mondială 1995-1996, precum și în proba de 1500 de metri în a șaptea Cupa Mondială 1996-1997. La a patra Cupa Mondială 1996-1997 a terminat a treia la 5000 de metri, iar anul următor a câștigat aceeași cursă în a șaptea etapă.

S-a retras după sezonul 1998, în urma rezultatului de la Jocurile Olimpice de Iarnă din 1998, unde a terminat a 34-a.

Note

Legături externe
 Mihaela Dascalu  la skateresults.com

Nașteri în 1970
Sportivi români în viață
Competitori la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 1992
Competitori la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 1994
Competitori la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 1998
Nașteri pe 12 februarie
Brașoveni

Mihaela Dascălu


الزاوية المحيطية في علم هندسة الرياضيات، تتشكل من التقاء خطين قاطعين أو التقاء خط قاطع مع خط مماس، على دائرة. بمعنى أن الزاوية المحيطية تتشكل من أي وتري دائرة يتشاركان بنفس نقطة النهاية.

خاصية
أن قيمة زاوية القوس الذي تشكل بالتقاء خطي زاوية محيطية هي ضعف قيمة الزاوية نفسها.

وهذه الخاصية عدة نتائج منطقية منها:
 يمكن برهنة أنه عند التقاء زاويتين محيطيتين على نفس القوس، فحصيلة ضرب طول ضلعيهما يكون متساوياً.
 يمكن برهنة أن الزاويتين المتقابلتين لرباعي دائري هما زاويتان متكاملتان (أي مجموع قيمتهما يساوي 180 درجة).

البرهان

الحالة الأولى: زاوية محيطية بحيث أحد أضلاعها هو قطر الدائرة

أرسم الشكل التالي: أرسم دائرة مركزها نقطة O. أختر نقطتين على محيط الدائرة وسميهم V وA. أرسم الخط VO ومده ليتخطى O ويقطع الدائرة في نقطة B والتي هي مواجهة لنقطة V بالنسبة للمركز. أرسم زاوية ذات رأس V وأضلاعها تمر بـ A وB.

أعطي الزاوية المركزية BOA اسم θ. أرسم خط OA. لاحظ أن خطي OV وOA هما شعاعي الدائرة، لذا هما متساويين. لذلك، فإن المثلث VOA هو متساوي الضلعين وبالتلي، فإن الزاويتين BVA وVAO متساويتان. سمي كل منهما بـ ψ.

بما أن VB هو خطا مستقيما، فإن الزاويتين BOA وAOV هما زاويتين متكاملتين ومجموعهما هو °180. أذا، الزاوية AOV تساوي θ-°180 ومن المعروف أن مجموع زاوية المثلث يساوي °180 فإذا:

وبالنتيجة:

اطرح °180 من الجانبين فتحصل على:

التي تثبت النظرية.

الحالة الثانية: زاوية محيطية بحيث مركز الدائرة بداخلها

ارسم الشكل التالي: ارسم دائرة مركزها O. أختر ثلاث نقط على محيطها وسمهم V وC وD. أرسم الخطين VC وVD.الزاوية DVC هي زاوية محيطية. أرسم الحط VO ومده ليقطع محيط الدائرة في نقطة E لاحظ أن الزاوية DVC تشكل القوس DC على الدائرة..

افترض أن النقطة E هي على هذا القوس. E هي مقابلة للنقطة V. الزاويتين DVE وEVC هما زاويتين محوطتين أيضا وكلاهما لهما ضلع يمر بمركز الدائرة. لذلك الحلو الأولى التي برهنت في الأعلى تنطبق عليهما. فإذن نستنتج:

ودع:

بحيث:
أرسم الخطين OC وOD. فتصبح الزاوية DOC زاوية مركزية وكذلك الزاويتين DOE وEOC.

ودع:

بحيث:
ومن القسم الأول حصلنا على
وعلى .
وبدمح النتيجتين مع (2) نحصل على:

وبالتالي:  التي تبرهن النظرية.

الحالة الثالثة: زاوية محيطية بحيث مركز الدائرة خارجها

أرسم الشكل التالي: أرسم دائرة مركزه O. أتر ثلاث نقاط V وC وD على محيطها. أرسم الخطين VC وVD. لاحظ أن الزاوية DVC هي زاوية محيطية. ارسم الخط VO ومده بشكل مستقيم ليقطع الدائرة بنقطة E. الزاوية DVC تشكل القوس DC على الدائرة.

أفترض أن نقطة E هي خارج القوس. نقطة E هي متقابلة مع النقطة V. الزاويتين DVE وEVC هما زاويتين محيطتيين أيضا ولكلتيهما ضلع يمر بالمركز. فاذا هي مطابقة للحالة الأولى التي برهناها سلفا.
لذلك:
.
دع:

بحيث:
أرسم الخطين OC وOD. الزاوية DOC هي زاوية مركزية وكذلك الزواية: DOE وEOC.

دع:

بحيث:
من القسم الأول حصلنا على:

  و. وبدمج النتيجة مع (4) نحصل على:

إذاً باستعمال (3)

التي تبرهن النظرية.

وصلات خارجية
 التعرف على الزاوية الحوطة عل موقع cut-the-knot
 قوس زاوية المركز - صور متحركة.
 قوس زاوية سطحية - صور متحركة
 نظرية قوس زاوية المركز - صور متحركة

مراجع

دوائر
زوايا
زوايا دائرية
مبرهنات في الهندسة الرياضية
مقالات تحوي براهين
هندسة إقليدية مستوية

زاوية محيطية


A temporada de tufões no Pacífico de 1959 foi considerada um dos anos mais devastadores para os tufões do Pacífico já registrados, com China, Japão e Coreia do Sul sofrendo perdas catastróficas.

O escopo deste artigo é limitado ao Oceano Pacífico, ao norte do equador e a oeste da Linha Internacional de Data. As tempestades que se formam a leste da Linha de Data e ao norte do equador são chamadas de furacões; ver temporada de furacões no Pacífico de 1959. Todos os tufões receberam um nome e um número. Tempestades tropicais e depressões tropicais formadas em toda a bacia do Pacífico oeste receberam um nome e um número pelo Joint Typhoon Warning Center, mas o último não foi adicionado se nenhuma missão de reconhecimento fosse designada. Os sistemas sob responsabilidade do USWB e do FWB não apresentavam número.

A temporada de tufões no Pacífico de 1959 apresentou 24 ciclones tropicais, embora operacionalmente 59 áreas totais de investigação tenham sido classificadas pelo Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC); três sistemas foram controlados pela responsabilidade do FWB em Pearl Harbor e do USWB em Honolulu. Três sistemas eram questionáveis devido à falta de uso de aeronaves de reconhecimento. No total, a temporada contou com 65 ciclones tropicais e áreas de investigação operacional, incluindo o furacão Patsy no Pacífico central, que operacionalmente se acredita ter cruzado a Linha Internacional de Data no Pacífico ocidental. O primeiro relatório anual de ciclones tropicais para o oeste do Oceano Pacífico Norte foi emitido pela agência.

Resumo da temporada

Dos 33 ciclones tropicais e 65 áreas totais de investigação, 18 tempestades atingiram o status de tufão, abaixo da média anual de 19. Pelo menos nove outros sistemas tropicais nunca excederam operacionalmente a intensidade das tempestades tropicais. A maioria dos sistemas desenvolveu-se dentro dos locais típicos de desova de tufões originários de ondas de leste dentro da Zona de Convergência Intertropical ; as exceções foram Ellen e Georgia, que se desenvolveram a partir de vales de núcleo frio que se estendiam para o sul nas latitudes tropicais. Dos 18 tufões que se formaram, cinco foram detectados pela primeira vez em a 500 km da ilha de Guam. Três dos tufões se desenvolveram lentamente, enquanto outros três se intensificaram rapidamente para o status de tufão em poucas horas. Apenas quatro tufões eram pequenos em diâmetro, enquanto pelo menos três tufões desenvolveram tamanhos grandes e se tornaram as características tropicais dominantes durante a temporada. Dois dos tufões – Joan e Vera – apresentavam pressões do nível do mar abaixo de 900 milibares e foram os ciclones tropicais mais intensos durante a temporada, cada um apresentando ventos de  ou superior. Do número total de tufões, 215 missões de reconhecimento foram realizadas nas tempestades, incluindo 3.799 observações e 391 correções totais. O erro médio de trilha para cada aviso de tempestades durante a temporada foi de  para previsões de 12 horas e  para previsões de 48 horas.

Sistemas

Tempestade Tropical Ruby

A primeira tempestade tropical da temporada foi detectada por aeronaves de reconhecimento em 27 de fevereiro a cerca de  ao sul de Yap com ventos de . Movendo-se erraticamente para o oeste, Ruby manteve a intensidade até passar  ao sul de Palau em 28 de fevereiro, quando começou a enfraquecer e se mover para oeste-noroeste. Ruby enfraqueceu para abaixo da intensidade da tempestade tropical em 1 de março e depois virou para sudoeste. Dissipou-se mais tarde no mesmo dia  a leste de Mindanao. Ruby não afetou nenhuma grande massa de terra.

Tempestade Tropical Sally

Três dias após a dissipação de Ruby, o segundo ciclone tropical da temporada foi detectado  a sudeste de Majuro nas Ilhas Marshall com ventos de  Depois de derivar para noroeste, Sally moveu-se para sudoeste em 5 de março e então começou a mover-se para oeste, com seus ventos flutuando para . Sally logo se fortaleceu novamente em 6 de março, atingindo um pico secundário de , e manteve sua intensidade por 18 horas enquanto se movia constantemente para o oeste. Depois de enfraquecer para  em 8 de março, Sally correu brevemente para o oeste-noroeste em 9 de março e começou a se intensificar quando voltou para o oeste, atingindo rapidamente seu terceiro pico de  em 10 de março. Sally enfraqueceu lentamente ao virar para o noroeste e diminuiu a velocidade de avanço, com seus ventos diminuindo para  em 11 de março. Depois de se fortalecer brevemente para  em 12 de março, Sally virou para o oeste e rapidamente enfraqueceu para uma depressão tropical. A depressão virou brevemente para oeste-sudoeste e se dissipou em 13 de março.  a leste de Mindanao.

Tufão Tilda

Um mês após a dissipação de Sally, o primeiro tufão da temporada formou-se a partir de uma circulação ciclônica fechada de  ao sul de Chuuk. A circulação derivou para o oeste e os relatórios da superfície mostraram intensificação. Em 14 de abril, uma missão de aeronave de reconhecimento estimou ventos com força de tempestade tropical, e a terceira tempestade tropical da temporada foi batizada de Tilda. Tilda moveu-se lentamente para o noroeste em 15 de abril, à medida que se intensificava em um tufão. Tilda então se moveu geralmente para o noroeste com pequenas flutuações em 16 de abril e no dia seguinte antes de virar para o norte em 18 de abril, quando se intensificou rapidamente. Tilda atingiu seu pico de intensidade de   a oeste de Guam em 19 de abril e enfraqueceu lentamente ao virar para norte-nordeste e diminuir a velocidade de avanço. O tufão ficou quase estacionário por 30 horas em 20 de abril, enfraquecendo para um tufão mínimo no processo no dia seguinte. Depois de flutuar sob fracas correntes de direção, Tilda acelerou para o norte-nordeste em 22 de abril e enfraqueceu para uma tempestade tropical. Tilda se dissipou em 23 de abril quando se fundiu com os ventos de oeste de nível superior  sudoeste de Iwo Jima. Trinta e sete avisos para Tilda foram emitidos pelo Joint Typhoon Warning Center ao longo de sete dias. Tilda não causou danos ou mortes diretas.

Depressão Tropical Violet

A Depressão Tropical Violet existiu na costa do Vietnã desde 28 de junho a 29 de junho.

Tempestade Tropical Wilda

Após dois meses de inatividade, uma depressão tropical se formou em 4 de julho no Mar da China Meridional  a oeste de Lução. Depois de se deslocar brevemente para o nordeste, a depressão moveu-se erraticamente para o norte em 5 de julho e atingiu a China continental a leste de Hong Kong em 6 de julho. A depressão se dissipou rapidamente depois de se mudar para o interior. Operacionalmente, o sistema foi classificado como uma tempestade tropical sob o nome de Wilda, mas a pós-análise determinou que o ciclone tropical nunca atingiu ventos de  ou superior. Nenhuma aeronave de reconhecimento investigou o sistema, que foi um dos três únicos distúrbios não monitorados durante a temporada.

Depressão Tropical Anita

A Depressão Tropical Anita existiu nas proximidades dos Estados Federados da Micronésia desde 4 de julho a 6 de julho.

Tufão Billie

Uma área de clima perturbado a leste das Filipinas se organizou em uma depressão tropical em 12 de julho. Movendo-se para o noroeste, rapidamente se fortaleceu, alcançando o status de tempestade tropical no final de 12 de julho e força de tufão. Depois de atingir o pico de , Billie cruzou o nordeste de Taiwan, enfraqueceu rapidamente e atingiu o leste da China no dia 15. Um vale de baixa pressão trouxe a tempestade para nordeste, onde após enfraquecer para uma tempestade tropical, atravessou o Mar Amarelo e cruzou a Península Coreana, perdendo características tropicais no dia 18. O tufão Billie causou inundações extremas no nordeste de Taiwan, causando $ 500.000 em danos materiais, deixando 10.000 desabrigados na capital Taipé e matando 1. No Japão, as bordas externas do tufão causaram chuvas torrenciais, matando 45 pessoas e destruindo mais de 65.000 casas.

Tufão Ellen

O tufão Ellen de 185 km/h, que atingiu seu pico no sul do Japão em 4 de agosto, atingiu a parte sul do país no dia 7. É paralelo à porção sul do arquipélago e tornou-se extratropical no dia 9 sobre o oceano Pacífico ocidental aberto. Ellen caiu até  de chuva no Japão, matando 11 e causando graves danos às plantações de arroz. O maior efeito de Ellen, no entanto, foi em Taiwan, onde chuvas torrenciais associadas ao tufão causaram inundações desastrosas que mataram quase 700 pessoas, deixaram dezenas de milhares desabrigadas e destruíram grande parte da infraestrutura de transporte na parte central e sudoeste da ilha. Algumas localidades receberam quase 50 polegadas de chuva em três dias, superando os totais médios anuais locais. O evento de chuva mais forte foi em 7 de agosto, quando até  de chuva caiu nas montanhas e planícies ocidentais, fazendo com que rios e riachos transbordassem de diques e inundassem milhares de hectares de terras agrícolas, levando embora aldeias rurais e causando inundações urbanas generalizadas também em Taichung e outras cidades. O impacto econômico foi particularmente extenso e duradouro devido à inundação generalizada de terras agrícolas. Em Taiwan, o evento é lembrado como o "Grande Dilúvio de 7 (8-7) de agosto".

Depressão Tropical Fran

A Depressão Tropical Fran existiu perto de Guam desde 11 de agosto a 12 de agosto.

Tufão Georgia

Apenas 4 dias depois que Ellen atingiu o Japão, o tufão Georgia de  atingiu a parte sudeste do país. A Geóogia trouxe mais chuvas fortes para o país, causando 246 mortes e deixando mais de 50.000 desabrigados. A Geórgia causou danos torrenciais à rede ferroviária do Japão e, combinado com o tufão Ellen, produziu um dano total de $ 50 milhões (1959 USD).

Depressão Tropical Hope

A Depressão Tropical Hope existiu no Mar da China Meridional desde 17 de agosto a 19 de agosto.

Tufão Iris

O tufão Iris, que formou-se em 19 de agosto a leste de Lução, passou perto da porção nordeste da ilha no dia 21 como um tufão mínimo. Ele virou para o noroeste, atingindo um pico de  antes de enfraquecer para uma tempestade tropical. Iris atingiu a costa sudeste da China no dia 22 e se dissipou rapidamente. O tufão Iris causou mar agitado na costa de Luzon, afundando pelo menos dois navios e matando 89 pessoas. Na China, a tempestade trouxe chuvas torrenciais, matando 720 pessoas com 996 desaparecido na província de Fujian, no sudeste da China; no entanto, de acordo com a Administração Nacional Oceânica e Atmosférica, o número de mortos pode chegar a 2.334.

Tufão Joan

Em 25 de agosto, a tempestade tropical Joan se formou no Pacífico Ocidental aberto e atingiu o status de tufão no início do dia seguinte. À medida que Joan se movia para oeste-noroeste, ele continuou a se intensificar rapidamente, atingindo o status de supertufão no dia 28 e ventos máximos de  no dia 29. Tais ventos são duvidosos, devido à incipiente Aeronave de Reconhecimento da época e à falta de imagens de satélite. No entanto, Joan foi um poderoso tufão e atingiu o leste de Taiwan com ventos estimados de  no dia 29. Enfraqueceu rapidamente ao cruzar a ilha e o Estreito de Formosa, e se dissipou sobre a China no dia 31. Ventos fortes e fortes inundações causaram 11 vítimas e US$ 3 milhões em danos às colheitas. Os danos materiais também foram extensos, com 3.308 casas destruídas pelo tufão. Na China, 3 pessoas foram mortas e 57 ficaram feridas de Joan.

Tempestade Tropical Kate

A tempestade tropical Kate existiu a leste das Filipinas desde 25 de agosto a 27 de agosto.

Tufão Louise

Apenas 5 dias depois que Joan chegou a Taiwan, o tufão Louise de  atingiu o sudeste de Taiwan e enfraqueceu rapidamente à medida que se movia para o norte. Depois de enfraquecer para uma depressão tropical sobre a China, fortaleceu-se novamente para uma tempestade tropical antes de atingir a Coreia do Norte e se dissipar em 7 de setembro. Louise deixou 6 mortos e mais de 6.000 desabrigados.

Depressão Tropical Marge

A Depressão Tropical Marge existiu no Mar da China Meridional desde 2 de setembro a 3 de setembro.

Tempestade Tropical Nora

A tempestade tropical Nora existiu desde 5 de setembro a 12 de setembro.

Opala Depressão Tropical

A tempestade tropical Opal existiu desde 5 de setembro a 6 de setembro.

Tufão Patsy

Em 6 de setembro, relatos de aeronaves indicavam a existência de uma tempestade tropical perto da Linha Internacional de Data. Etapas anteriores foram perdidas devido à falta de dados na área isolada. Uma depressão moveu Patsy para o nordeste. Uma segunda calha então se desenvolveu, dominou a primeira e curvou Patsy para o nordeste. Em seguida, dirigiu-se lentamente para o norte e enfraqueceu gradualmente. Ele se dissipou em 10 de setembro. O caminho errático de Patsy perto da linha de data era incomum e nenhum ciclone tropical conhecido havia seguido esse caminho nos dez anos anteriores, embora o do tufão de junho de 1958 fosse um pouco semelhante.

A "melhor trilha" da Agência Meteorológica do Japão não fornece a velocidade do vento, apenas indicando que Patsy foi um tufão. O relatório do Joint Typhoon Warning Center discorda da localização, mas também tem a velocidade máxima do vento de Patsy a leste da linha de data; os dados do JMA não indicam velocidades do vento. Patsy é um cruzador incomum de oeste para leste da linha de data. Incluindo apenas sistemas reconhecidos pelo Central Pacific Hurricane Center, isso só aconteceu seis vezes desde então.

Depressão Tropical Ruth

A Depressão Tropical Ruth existiu desde 8 de setembro a 10 de setembro.

Tufão Sarah

Super tufão Sarah, que atingiu um pico de  em 15 de setembro, enfraqueceu para tufão de  pouco antes de atingir o sul da Coreia do Sul no dia 17. Ele continuou para o nordeste e se dissipou no dia 19 sobre o norte do Japão. Nas ilhas Ryūkyū, os ventos fortes e a chuva de Sarah causaram 6 mortes e destruíram 6.000 casas, causando $ 2 milhões em danos às colheitas. Em toda a Coreia, inundações extremas e tempestades mataram 669 pessoas e deixou 782.126 desabrigados um dia antes do Chuseok, que é um dos maiores feriados da Coreia. Danos extremos à colheita e danos à propriedade totalizaram $ 100 milhões (1959 USD) (US$ 638 milhões 2005 USD). Inundações no Japão mataram 24, com milhares de casas destruídas ou danificadas.

Depressão Tropical Thelma

A depressão tropical Thelma existiu entre Palau e Guam desde 18 de setembro a 19 de setembro.

Tufão Vera

Vera desenvolveu-se em 20 de setembro entre Guam e Chuuk, e inicialmente seguiu para o oeste antes de tomar um curso mais ao norte, atingindo força de tempestade tropical no dia seguinte. A essa altura, Vera assumiu uma direção de movimento mais para o oeste e começou a se intensificar rapidamente, atingindo seu pico de intensidade em setembro. 23 com ventos máximos sustentados equivalentes aos de uma categoria moderna 5 furacão. Com pouca mudança na força, Vera curvou e acelerou para o norte, resultando em um landfall em setembro. 26 perto de Shionomisaki em Honshu. Os padrões de vento atmosférico fizeram com que o tufão emergisse brevemente no Mar do Japão antes de voltar a se curvar para o leste e se mover para a costa de Honshu pela segunda vez. O movimento sobre a terra enfraqueceu muito Vera e, depois de reentrar no Oceano Pacífico Norte mais tarde naquele dia, Vera fez a transição para um ciclone extratropical em setembro. 27; esses remanescentes continuaram a persistir por mais dois d ias.

Embora Vera tenha sido previsto com precisão e sua rota para o Japão tenha sido bem antecipada, a cobertura limitada de telecomunicações, combinada com a falta de urgência da mídia japonesa e a intensidade da tempestade, inibiu muito os processos potenciais de evacuação e mitigação de desastres. A precipitação das bandas de chuva externas da tempestade começou a causar inundações nas bacias hidrográficas bem antes da chegada da tempestade. Ao chegar à costa de Honshu, o tufão trouxe uma forte tempestade que destruiu vários sistemas de defesa contra inundações, inundando regiões costeiras e afundando navios. Total de danos de Vera chegou a US $ 600 milhões. O número de mortes causadas por Vera permanece discrepante, embora as estimativas atuais indiquem que o tufão causou mais de 5.000 mortes, tornando-se um dos tufões mais mortíferos da história japonesa. Também feriu quase 39.000 pessoas e deixou cerca de 1,5 milhão de pessoas desabrigadas.

Tufão Amy

Tufão Amy desenvolveu-se perto de Yap em 3 de outubro. Após o fortalecimento e subsequente enfraquecimento, Amy atingiu o Japão. Pouco tempo depois, o sistema tornou-se extratropical em 9 de outubro.

Tempestade Tropical Babs

A tempestade tropical Babs desenvolveu-se no Mar da China Meridional em 5 de outubro. A tempestade atingiu o lado oeste de Luzon, antes de entrar no Oceano Pacífico. até 10 de outubro, Babs se dissipou ao sul das ilhas Ryukyu.

Tufão Charlotte

Uma área de baixa pressão organizou-se em uma depressão tropical em 9 de outubro a leste das Filipinas. Ele se moveu para noroeste, intensificando-se rapidamente para o status de tufão no dia 10. Charlotte continuou a se intensificar e atingiu um pico de  no dia 13 antes de voltar a fazer uma curva para nordeste. O ar mais frio e seco enfraqueceu o tufão e, depois de passar perto de Okinawa no dia 16, ele ficou paralelo à costa sul do Japão. A tempestade enfraquecida virou para o leste e se dissipou no dia 19. Charlotte trouxe um total de  de chuva em Okinawa, causando deslizamentos de terra que danificaram grande parte da ilha. Os danos às lavouras foram graves, com 75% da lavoura de arroz destruída. A inundação de um metro e meio em algumas áreas danificou 618 casas e destruiu 275. Ao todo, Charlotte causou 46 vítimas e deixou 1.068 desabrigados.

Tufão Dinah

Apenas algumas semanas após o supertufão Vera, outro movimento para o norte Super Tufão de  estava se movendo para o norte em direção ao Japão. A virada de Dinah para o nordeste poupou o país, que se tornou extratropical em 21 de outubro a leste do arquipélago.

Tufão Emma

O tufão Emma existiu desde 5 de novembro a 15 de novembro.

Tufão Freda

Uma perturbação na Zona de Convergência Intertropical organizada em uma tempestade tropical a leste das Filipinas em 13 de novembro. Freda moveu-se para oeste-noroeste, alcançando o status de tufão no dia seguinte. À medida que acompanhava a costa nordeste de Luzon, intensificou-se rapidamente para  tufão, e atingiu a costa no dia 16 com ventos ligeiramente mais fracos de 120, o enfraquecimento devido à interação terrestre. Freda enfraqueceu rapidamente ao cruzar a ilha e virou para o norte. Depois de passar perto de Taiwan no dia 18, acelerou para o norte e se tornou extratropical no dia 20. Freda trouxe chuvas torrenciais para a cidade de Manila, levando duas embarcações a encalharem. Os danos às colheitas foram graves na parte sul da ilha, enquanto 7.600 pessoas ficaram desabrigadas devido às enchentes. O Freda causou 58 mortes ao passar pelas Filipinas.

Tufão Gilda

Em 18 de dezembro o supertufão Gilda de  atingiu a costa leste das Filipinas. Atravessou rapidamente o arquipélago e enfraqueceu sobre o Mar da China Meridional. Gilda atingiu a costa sudeste do Vietnã no dia 21 como uma tempestade tropical e se dissipou no dia seguinte. Gilda causou 23 vítimas nas Filipinas devido a chuvas intensas e deixou quase 60.000 desabrigados.

Tufão Harriet

Em 30 de dezembro, poucas semanas depois de Gilda, o tufão Harriet de  atingiu o leste das Filipinas. Enfraqueceu ao cruzar as ilhas e se dissipou no Mar da China Meridional em 2 de janeiro. Harriet trouxe fortes ventos e chuvas para Luzon, causando danos consideráveis a propriedades e colheitas. Ao todo, o tufão matou 5 pessoas e deixou mais de 12.000 desabrigados.

Nomes das tempestades

Três tempestades do Pacífico Central se desenvolveram e foram nomeadas Dot, Patsy e Wanda. A política na época era usar a nomenclatura do Pacífico Ocidental para a bacia.

Ver também

 Temporada de furacões no Pacífico de 1959
 Temporada de furacões no oceano Atlântico de 1959
 Temporada de ciclones no Índico Norte de 1959
 Ciclone na região da Austrália: 1959–60 1960–61
 Temporadas no Pacífico Sul: 1959–60 1960–61
 Temporada no Oceano Índico Sudoeste: 1959–60 1960–61

Referências

Ligações externas

1959
1959
1959 WPAC

Temporada de tufões no Pacífico de 1959


Mercan Irmağı, Tunceli ilinin Ovacık ilçesinde Erzincan - Tunceli il sınırında bulunan Mercan Dağları'ndan meydana gelir. Munzur Suyu ile birleşerek Keban Baraj Gölü'ne dökülür.

Türkiye'deki nehirler
Tunceli coğrafyası

Mercan Irmağı


Uppsala (Eski yazılışı: Upsala), İsveç'in güneydoğu kuşağında bulunan bir kenttir. Kent Uppsala ilinin başkenti olup, 177,074'lük nüfusla İsveç'in Stokholm, Göteborg ve Malmö'den sonra en büyük dördüncü kentidir.

Kent, başkent Stockholm'ün 70 km kuzeyinde kurulu olup 1164 yılından beri İsveç'in piskoposluk merkezidir. 1477 yılında kurulan Uppsala Üniversitesi, hem ülkenin, hem de İskandinavya'nın en eski yükseköğretim kurumu olma özelliği taşımaktadır.

Tarih

Uppsala, aslında günümüzdeki konumundan birkaç kilometre kuzeyde, bugün Gamla Uppsala (Eski Uppsala) adı verilen bir alanda kuruluydu. Yine, bugünkü kentin bulunduğu alan da eskiden Östra Aros adıyla anılmaktaydı. Eski Uppsala, Orta Çağ yazarı Bremenli Adam'a göre pagan merkezlerinden biri olup, Uppsala Tapınağı ise büyük Æsir tanrılarının putları yer almaktaydı.

İskandinav tanrıları inancının bitişiyle Uppsala, zamanla bir Hristiyan merkezi oldu. 1164 yılında ise başpiskoposun idare bölgesi hâline geldi. Hemen ardından Alvastra Abbey adlı kiliseden gelen keşiş Stefan, hem kentin, hem de ülkenin ilk başpiskoposu oldu.

Günümüzdeki kent merkezi olan Östra Aros, o zamanlar eski kent merkezi için liman görevini üstlenmekteydi. Ancak 1274 yılında Uppsala, bu liman bölgesine taşındı ve günümüzdeki halini aldı. 1435 yılında ise bu yeni bölgeye Uppsala Katedrali inşa edildi.

Uppsala'ya 1477 yılında ülkenin ilk üniversitesi açıldı. Carolus Linnaeus gibi isimlerin profesör olarak görev aldığı üniversite günümüzde hâlen Avrupa'daki saygın eğitim kurumları arasındadır. Gotik tarzda inşa edilen kent katedrali, Kuzey Avrupa'daki en büyük katedrallerden biridir. Yapının kuleleri 118 metreden fazladır.
Kentte bunun yanı sıra 16. yüzyılda inşa edilen Uppsala Kalesi yer almaktadır.

1702 yılında yangında tahrip olan şehirde bu olayla beraber kültürel ve tarihi hazineler kayboldu. Ancak, kentin batı yakası başta olmak üzere birçok alan ve tarihi yapı sağ olarak günümüze kadar ulaştı.

Coğrafya
Uppsala, çamurlu ve verimli bir düzlük üzerine kuruludur. Kentte gür bitki örtüsünün içinde akan küçük Fyris Nehri (Fyrisån) yer almaktadır. Kent merkezinde yer alan Stadsskogen adlı park, güneye doğru uzanır ve kent halkının başlıca ziyaret ettiği yerlerden biridir. Kentte, merkezden trenle 70 km. veya 40 dakika uzaklıkta olan başkent Stockholm'de çalışan ve sürekli olarak bu hatta yolculuk yapan insanlar mevcuttur. Yine Stockholm-Arlanda Havalimanı ile Uppsala arasında sadece 17 dakikalık bir mesafe vardır.

Kent merkezinin oldukça küçük olduğu Uppsala'daki birçok tarihi yapı günümüze kadar hiç bozulmadan ulaşmıştır.
Tarihi binaların bulunduğu yerlerin bir kısmı ekonomik bir yükselişin yaşandığı 1960'lardan sonra hızla başkalaşım geçirdi ve birçok ticaret merkezi açılmaya başladı. Bunun sonucu olarak artan kent nüfusu çeşitli çarpık yapılaşmayı beraberinde getirdi.

İklim

Ekonomi

Uppsala, günümüzde oldukça ileri bir ekonomiye sahip olup, biyoteknoloji alanında önemli çalışmaların yapıldığı bir kenttir. Kentte yer alan bazı önemli şirketler aşağıdaki gibidir:
 Advanced Medical Optics (AMO)
 GE Healthcare
 Pfizer
 Phadia
 Fresenius
 Lindvalls kaffe
 MySQL AB
 Q-Med

Yükseköğretim
Aşağıda Uppsala'da yer alan yükseköğretim kurumlarının adları yer almaktadır.
 Uppsala Üniversitesi
 İsveç Tarım Üniversitesi – ana kampüs
 Johannelunds Teologiska Högskola
 Newmaninstitutet
 Pingströrelsens teologiska seminarium

Turizm

Fyris Nehri (Fyrisån) kenti iki parçaya ayırır. Bunlardan biri batıdaki eski ve tarihi alanlar, öbürü ise doğudaki idari binalar ve konutların yer aldığı alanlardır. Şehirdeki en önemli tarihi eserler ve turistik yerler bu batı yakasında yer alır. Uppsala'daki en turistik yapılardan biri Domkyrka (Uppsala Katedrali) olup 118 metre ile İskandinavya'nın en yüksek katedralidir. Bu katedral kentin hemen hemen yer yerinden görülebilmektedir.

Katedralin batı kısmında Gustavianum yer alır. 1625 yılında yapılan bu bina, kent üniversitesinin 19. yüzyılda hizmet veren ana binasıdır. Üniversitenin en önemli kalıntılarını barındıran binada İskandinav tarihi eserleri, Mısır antikaları gibi müzeleri içinde barındırır. Yine bu yapıda 17. yüzyıldan kalma Anatomi Tiyatrosu yer almaktadır.

Gustavianum'un yanı sıra cadde boyunca kent üniversitesinin eski binaları yer almaktadır. Kimileri İtalyan Rönesans tarzında tasarlanan bu binaların birinde tarihi bir madeni para koleksiyonu yer almaktadır. Yine bu bölgede üniversite kütüphanesi (Carolina Rediviva) yer alır. 1820 ve 1841 yılları arasında inşa edilen bu kütüphane, İsveç'in en büyük kütüphanesi olup, 5 milyon kitabın ve 60,000 el yazmasının ev sahibidir.

Yine Uppsala Kalesi, şehirdeki turistik yapılardan biri olup 1549'da Gustav Vasa tarafından yaptırılmıştır. Günümüzde için birkaç müze barındıran kale, aynı zamanda valinin evini de barındırır. Bunun yanı sıra Uppsala'nın 5 km kuzeyinde eski kent merkezi bulunmaktadır. Bölge hem İsveç, hem de kent tarihi açısından oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir.

Uppsalalılar

 Anders Jonas Ångström
 Svante Arrhenius
 Ingmar Bergman
 Jöns Jakob Berzelius
 Hans Blix
 Bosson
 Arvid Carlsson
 Anders Celsius
 Stefan Eriksson
 Martin Eriksson (E-Type)
 Torsten Hallman
 Lars Hollmer
 Dag Hammarskjöld
 Mattias Klum
 Carolus Linnaeus
 Håkan Nesser
 Olaus Rudbeckius
 Roine Stolt
 Rebecka Törnqvist
 Thor
 Odin

Kardeş kentler

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Uppsala  - Resmî site
 Uppsala Turizmi  - Uppsala Tur Rehberi
 Uppsala Konumu
 Upsala Nya Tidning  - Gazete
 Upsala ve Antik Dönem  - Katolik Ansiklopedisi'nden bir makale

Uppsala


Agrilus malasicus é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Fisher, 1930.

Referências

malasicus

Agrilus malasicus


Sirpa Eeva Annikki Kukkonen (* 7. Dezember 1958 in Tervo) ist eine ehemalige finnische Ski-Orientierungsläuferin.

Bei ihrer ersten Weltmeisterschaft 1982 in Aigen im Ennstal wurde sie im Einzellauf Dritte hinter der Schwedin Arja Hannus und Mirja Puhakka aus Finnland. In der Staffel mit ihrer älteren Schwester Sinikka Kukkonen und Puhakka wurde sie Zweite. Erneut in die Medaillenränge lief sie bei der Weltmeisterschaft 1988 im finnischen Kuopio. Auf der Kurzdistanz und auf der Langdistanz wurde sie jeweils Dritte, in der Staffel mit Anne Benjaminsen und Virpi Juutilainen gewann sie Gold.

Sirpa Kukkonen lief für die Vereine Suonenjoen Vasama, Lahden Suunnistajat -37 und Lammin Säkiä. Sie gewann eine finnische Einzelmeisterschaft und drei Titel mit der Staffel.

Platzierungen
Weltmeisterschaften:

 1982: 3. Platz Einzel, 2. Platz Staffel
 1984: 6. Platz Einzel
 1986: 19. Platz Einzel
 1988: 3. Platz Kurz, 3. Platz Lang, 1. Platz Staffel

Weblinks
 Ergebnisse der Ski-OL-Weltmeisterschaften Suomen Suunnistusliitto

Weltmeister (Ski-Orientierungslauf)
Finnischer Meister (Ski-Orientierungslauf)
Ski-Orientierungsläufer (Finnland)
Finne
Geboren 1958
Frau

Sirpa Kukkonen


An Androtrichum trigynum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Spreng., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Hans Heinrich Pfeiffer. An Androtrichum trigynum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Androtrichum, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Androtrichum

Androtrichum trigynum


Le NWU Hockey Academy est un stade de hockey sur gazon basé à Université du Nord-Ouest,  Potchefstroom dans le Nord-Ouest de l'Afrique du Sud.

Dans le passé, le stade a accueilli les tournois majeurs suivants :

 Coupe du monde féminine de hockey sur gazon des moins de 21 ans 2021
 Varsity Hockey en 2013, 2015, 2019
 Ligue professionnelle masculine de hockey sur gazon 2021-2022

Références

Université du Nord-Ouest
Stade de hockey sur gazon en Afrique du Sud

NWU Hockey Academy


Prva hrvatska rukometna liga je bila liga drugog stupnja hrvatskog rukometnog prvenstva u sezoni 2022./23., te petnaesta sezona 1. HRL kao drugog ranga.
Liga je igrana u dvije skupine - "Jug" (12 klubova, prvak "Karlovac") i "Sjever" (14 klubova, prvak "Spačva" iz Vinkovaca).

Jug

 Izvori:
 hrs.hr, 1.HRL Jug - Muški
 hrs.hr, 1.HRL Jug - Muški, wayback
 zrsizp.hr, Zbor rukometnih sudaca Istarske županije Pula, 1. HRL - Jug — 2022./23.
 zrsizp.hr, Zbor rukometnih sudaca Istarske županije Pula, 1. HRL - Jug — 2022./23., wayback
 istrasport.eu

Sjever

 Izvori:
 hrs.hr, 1.HRL Sjever - Muški
 hrs.hr, 1.HRL Sjever - Muški, wayback
 mrk-cakovec.hr

Povezani članci
 Prva hrvatska rukometna liga
 2. HRL 2022./23.
 3. HRL 2022./23.

Vanjske poveznice
 hrs.hr

Izvori

2022-23
m-1

1. HRL 2022./23.


Mușchiul flexor lung al halucelui (Musculus flexor hallucis longus) este un mușchi lung, situat în partea laterală profundă a regiunii posterioare a gambei, întins de la fibulă la haluce (primul deget al piciorului). Are originea sus pe cele două treimi inferioare ale fibulei și pe porțiunea învecinată a membranei interosoase, de unde coboară, transformându-se într-un tendon, care străbate o 3 șanțuri: șanțul posterior al extremității inferioare tibiale, șanțul de pe procesul posterior al talusului și șanțul de pe fața inferioară a lui Sustentaculum tali de pe calcaneu. După ieșirea din aceste șanțuri, ajunge la plantă, unde se încrucișează cu tendonul flexorului lung al degetelor și se termină pe extremitatea posterioară a falangei a II-a a halucelui. Mușchiul flexor lung al halucelui flectează degetul mare al piciorului. Execută și flexia plantară, adducția și rotația medială a piciorului.  Are un important rol în mers, prin faptul că el dezlipește de sol piciorul prin ridicarea pe vârfuri, împotriva greutății corpului. O dată piciorul ridicat și fixat, el apropie călcâiul de gambă, ca în figurile de balet. Are și un rol static foarte însemnat în susținerea bolții plantare, deoarece, trecând pe sub Sustentaculum talare sprijină această apofiză a calcaneului și implicit sprijină talusul.

Note

Flexor lung

Mușchiul flexor lung al halucelui


Joakim Jakobsen (født 1963) er en dansk journalist og forfatter. Han er ansat på Weekendavisen.

Jakobsen har læst litteraturvidenskab ved Københavns Universitet. Han begyndte sit virke på Politiken i 1991 og skrev siden for Jyllands-Posten og Euroman. Siden 2005 har han været fastansat reporter og anmelder ved Weekendavisen og var 2012-2015 kulturredaktør på avisen .

Han debuterede som forfatter 2004 med Le Tour, som 2012 blev genudgivet med titlen Tour de France (Lindhardt og Ringhof). Bogen er oversat til svensk 2014 (Natur och Kultur).

I 2008 blev hans bog Tynd luft - Danmark ved VM i Mexico 1986 nomineret til Årets historiske bog, der uddeles af Dansk Historisk Fællesråd. Bogen var også nomineret til Læsernes Bogpris 2009.

Derefter udgav han biografien Guld-Harald (2009, Gyldendal) om fodboldspilleren Harald Nielsen.

2017 kom Ord der formede Danmark - 1500 års historie fortalt gennem citater (Lindhardt og Ringhof), som nomineredes til Blixenprisen 2018.

I 2010 modtog han De Berlingske Journalisters Hæderspris.

Forfatterskab
 Le Tour: Sejre, drømme og frygtelige nederlag gennem 100 år, Rosinante 2004.
 Tynd luft - Danmark ved VM i Mexico 1986, Gyldendal 2008.
 Guld-Harald: Topscorer, idol, rebel, Gyldendal 2009.
 Ord der formede Danmark, Lindhardt og Ringhof 2017.

Kilder
 Biografi hof Weekendavisen
 Forfatterprofil hos Gyldendal

Sportsjournalister fra Danmark
Journalister ved Weekendavisen
Danskere i 2000-tallet
Biografiforfattere fra Danmark
Redaktører fra Danmark
Faglitterære forfattere fra Danmark
Litteraturkritikere fra Danmark

Joakim Jakobsen


Kapskeand () er en andefugl der lever i Namibia, Sydafrika og nabolande.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Fugle fra det sydlige Afrika
Svømmeænder

Kapskeand


Christina Weirather (Vaduz, Lihtenštajn, 24. svibnja 1989.) je lihtenštajnska alpska skijašica.

Karijera
Tina je svoju skijašku karijeru započela tijekom listopada 2005. na Svjetskom kupu u dobi od 16 godina. Svoj prvi podij (drugo mjesto) ostvarila je 2. prosinca 2011. u kanadskom Lake Louiseu u utrci spusta. Upravo u toj sezoni skijašica je nanizala još četiri podija. Sljedeće godine, u Garmisch-Partenkirchenu vožen je peti superveleslalom sezone za skijašice u Svjetskom kupu. Ondje je Tina ostvarila svoju prvu pobjedu u karijeri. Sedam sezona nakon debija u Svjetskom skijaškom kupu, Christina Weirather popela se na najvišu stepenicu pobjedničkog postolja u jednoj utrci. Na relativno kratkoj stazi na Kandaharu, Lihtenštajnka je slavila s tijesnom razlikom od svega 12 stotinki ispred Amerikanke Julije Mancuso i slovenske predstavnice Tine Maze.

U prvom spustu sezone 2014. u američkom Beaver Creeku, Tina je bila druga, odnosno 47 stotinki sporija od Švicarke Lare Gut. Prosinac iz te sezone pokazao se kao iznimno uspješan za Lihtenštajnku. Međutim, nije sve išlo po planu. Naime, u Lake Louiseu je najprije diskvalificirana zbog sporne odluke FIS-a prema kojoj je izgubila plasman. Čelnici skijaške federacije su odlučili kako su njeni štitnici za ruke neregularni (iako je s njima već nastupala te je očito da joj ne donose prednost u skijanju). Sljedeći dan, očigledno inspirirana dvojbenom diskvalifikacijom, Tina je odlično skijala u utrci spusta što joj je donijelo drugo mjesto. Isti rezultat ostvarila je na toj stazi i na utrci superveleslaloma. Pobjeda joj je izmakla za gotovo minimalnih tri stotinke sekunde.

Nakon tjedan dana slavila je u St. Moritzu s vremenom od 1:17.38 što joj je ujedno i druga pobjeda u karijeri. Uskoro je uslijedila i treća, i to u francuskom Val-d'Isèreu. U tamošnjoj utrci veleslaloma bila je nedodirljiva za svoje protivnice.

Skijašica je krajem siječnja 2014. osvojila tri postolja u utrkama voženim u talijanskoj Cortini d'Ampezzo. Svoju četvrtu pobjedu, odnosno prvu u spustu, skijašica je ostvarila 7. ožujka 2015. u Garmisch-Partenkirchenu.

Do svoje pete pobjede i prve u sezoni 2016., Tina je stigla u talijanskom La Thuileu gdje je bila najbrža u veleslalomu na stazi Franco Berthod koja je zadala dosta problema nekolicini drugih skijašica. Nakon tri godine, Weirather je ponovno slavila u veleslalomu voženom u St. Moritzu.

Svoj Mali kristalni globus u superveleslalomu osvojila je nakon pobjede u zadnjoj utrci sezone u Aspenu. Tamo je za 35 stotinki sekunde bila brža od drugoplasirana Slovenke Ilke Štuhec, pa je Lihtenštajnka za svega pet bodova u ukupnom poretku osvojila naslov ispred Mariborčanke. Za Weirather je to prvi mali globus u karijeri, a Štuhec je propustila priliku da osvoji već treći te sezone, nakon što je bila pobjednica u alpskoj kombinaciji i spustu. Tinino vrijeme od 1:11.66 niti jedna natjecateljica nije uspjela nadmašiti a uz mali kristalni globus osvojila je i srebro u Svjetskom skijaškom prvenstvu pa bi se ta sezona mogla nazvati krunom njene dosadašnje karijere.

Nakon lošeg plasmana na Olimpijadi u Torinu, Tina se dva puta ozljeđivala uoči samih Olimpijskih igara u Vancouveru i Sočiju. Međutim, na igrama u Pyeongchangu uspjela je osvojiti medalju, i to broncu u superveleslalomu. Na toj utrci je Čehinja Ledecká napravila senzaciju igara jer je kao outsiderica osvojila zlato a razloga za slavlje imala je i Tina. Razlog tome je bronca kojom se pridružila svojoj majci Hanni Wenzel i ujaku Andreasu Wenzelu kao treća osvajačica olimpijskog odličja u obitelji. Majka Hanni je osvojila dva zlata, srebro i broncu, a ujak Andreas srebro i broncu. Time je ta obitelj doprinijela u osvajanju sedam od ukupno deset medalja koje je ova mala kneževina osvojila u povijesti na olimpijskim igrama. Njena medalja je ujedno i prva za Lihtenštajn nakon trideset godina čekanja odnosno nakon igara u Calgaryju 1988. i uspjeha Paula Frommelta u slalomu.

Rezultati

Poredak u Svjetskom kupu

Pobjede u Svjetskom kupu

Olimpijske igre

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena web stranica skijašice

Alpski skijaši
Životopisi, Lihtenštajn
Šport u Lihtenštajnu

Tina Weirather


Monster Manual II is the title shared by two hardback rulebooks published for different versions of the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy roleplaying game.

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons
Monster Manual II was a 160-page hardcover book published in 1983, credited solely to Gary Gygax, which featured cover art by Jeff Easley. The book was a supplement describing over 250 monsters, most with illustrations. Many of the monsters were drawn from scenario modules, in particular from S4: Lost Caverns of Tsojcanth. The book included random encounter tables for dungeon and wilderness settings built from the Monster Manual, Fiend Folio, and Monster Manual II, and a dozen new devils that had been first published in the pages of Dragon magazine. Like the Fiend Folio before it, the monsters in Monster Manual II listed the experience point value for each monster within the entry.  The Monster Manual II along with the First Edition Unearthed Arcana book featured quite a number of monsters, races, and places from Gary Gygax's Greyhawk Campaign world. The book featured interior illustrations by Jim Holloway, Harry Quinn, Dave Sutherland, and Larry Elmore.

In 1999, a paperback reprint of the first edition was released.

Reception
Monster Manual II garnered positive reviews, receiving a score of 7 out of 10 in a review in White Dwarf magazine. The reviewer praised the book's standard of clear presentation, and felt that the artwork was of a higher quality than that in the previous monster books.  However, the reviewer felt that there were too many high level and overly deadly monsters, and that most of the monsters in the book were inimical to adventures. The reviewer did make note of the fact that there were "many interesting ideas and several well-developed tribes and hierarchies", and felt that, overall, the book is "a good, well presented addition to the AD&D series, with some very useful creatures".  The reviewer recommended the book to anyone who likes a wide range of monsters in the game.

Doug Cowie reviewed Monster Manual II quite favorably for Imagine magazine. He noted that the cover was good, and contrasted it with the first edition Monster Manual, whose cover was "universally held to be appalling" and whose "childish style" may have "seriously hampered the development of RPGs as adult games". As for Monster Manual II, Cowie suggested: "If you like the AD&D game, go and buy it immediately." Although he found some monsters "to be just plain silly", they are all "well presented, properly thought out and adequately described".

Lawrence Schick also commented on the Monster Manual II in Heroic Worlds, stating "Some of the monsters are less than inspired, and some are quite silly; this author's favorites are the stegocentipede, a giant arthropod notable for its twin row of back plates (wow!), and the stench kow, a monstrous bison that smells real bad."

Scott Taylor for Black Gate in 2014 listed Monster Manual II by Jeff Easley as #3 in The Top 10 TSR Cover Paintings of All Time.

Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition

Monster Manual II was a new monster-specific rulebook that contained mostly updated monsters from the sourcebooks of earlier editions, though some monsters have almost no overlap with those of their first edition namesakes. Monster Manual II also included a discussion of monster design. Monster Manual II was designed by Ed Bonny, Jeff Grubb, Rich Redman, Skip Williams, and Steve Winter. Cover art was by Henry Higginbotham, with interior art by Glen Angus, Daren Bader, Thomas Baxa, Matt Cavotta, Dennis Cramer, David Day, Brian Despain, Tony DiTerlizzi, Michael Dutton, Jeff Easley, Emily Fiegenschuh, Donato Giancola, Lars Grant-West, Rebecca Guay, Quinton Hoover, Jeremy Jarvis, Alton Lawson, Todd Lockwood, Raven Mimura, Matthew Mitchell, Vinod Rams, Wayne Reynolds, David Roach, Scott Roller, Richard Sardinha, Marc Sasso, Brian Snoddy, Anthony Waters, and Sam Wood.

According to Jeff Grubb for Monster Manual II, "The original plan was about 50 percent completely new, about 50 percent revisions of classic beasts that were not in the first Monster Manual. Right now, it's hard to tell because a lot of "classics" have been stripped down to their core concepts and names and rebuilt from the ground up." There was no new version of Monster Manual II for the 3.5 edition of D&D, although update errata was made available for download from the publisher's website.

Reception
Alan D. Kohler, a reviewer from Pyramid, commented: "The third edition of the game moved forward the "art" of monsters, providing them with more detailed statistics and methods for advancing creatures. It is in these footsteps that the Monster Manual II must follow."

References

Further reading
 Reviews for first edition Monster Manual II:
 Fantasy Gamer #6 (1984)
 Different Worlds #33
 Review for the third edition Monster Manual II:

1983 books
2002 books
Books by Gary Gygax
Dungeons & Dragons sourcebooks
Role-playing game supplements introduced in 1983

Monster Manual II


An Gongora vitorinoana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Guy Robert Chiron ngan Lou Christian Menezes. An Gongora vitorinoana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gongora, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Gongora

Gongora vitorinoana


Arena Cup je naziv nogometnog turnira za klubove koji se od 2015. godine održava u Medulinu u kao dio priprema nogometnih klubova za proljetni dio sezone.  Utakmice se oržavaju na terenima nogometnog trening kampa hotela Park Plaza Belvedere. Organizatori turnira su Arenaturist i Turistička zajednica općine Medulin, a službeni sponzor turnira hotel Park Plaza Belvedere.  Na turniru nastupaju momčadi iz Hrvatske i europskih zemalja kao dio priprema. Prvi dio turnira se igra u dvije skupine, koje su 2015. imale naziv Belvedere i Histria, a od 2016. Ceja i Finera, a na temelju plasmana u skupinama se potom igraju utakmice za 1., 3., 5. i 7. mjesto.

Dosadašnji pobjednici i sudionici

Popis dosadašnjih sudionika turnira
 Popis sudionika turnira do 2020. godine.

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Medulin
 Istria Winter Cup

Vanjske poveznice
 arenaturist.com
 sportarena.hr

Izvori

Nogometni turniri u Hrvatskoj

Arena Cup (nogomet)


Strato of Lampsacus (; ,  – ) was a Peripatetic philosopher, and the third director (scholarch) of the Lyceum after the death of Theophrastus. He devoted himself especially to the study of natural science, and increased the naturalistic elements in Aristotle's thought to such an extent, that he denied the need for an active god to construct the universe, preferring to place the government of the universe in the unconscious force of nature alone.

Life
Strato, son of Arcesilaus or Arcesius, was born at Lampsacus between 340 and 330 BCE.  He might have known Epicurus during his period of teaching in Lampsacus between 310 and 306 BCE. He attended Aristotle's school in Athens, after which he went to Egypt as tutor to Ptolemy, where he also taught Aristarchus of Samos. He returned to Athens after the death of Theophrastus (c. 287 BCE), succeeding him as head of the Lyceum. He died sometime between 270 and 268 BCE.

Strato devoted himself especially to the study of natural science, whence he obtained the name of Physicus (). Cicero, while speaking highly of his talents, blames him for neglecting the most important part of philosophy, that which concerns virtue and morals, and giving himself up to the investigation of nature. In the long list of his works, given by Diogenes Laërtius, several of the titles are upon subjects of moral philosophy, but the great majority belong to the department of physical science. None of his writings survive, his views are known only from the fragmentary reports preserved by later writers.

Philosophy

Strato emphasized the need for exact research, and, as an example of this, he made use of the observation of how water pouring from a spout breaks into separate droplets as evidence that falling bodies accelerate.

Whereas Aristotle defined time as the numbered aspect of motion, Strato argued that because motion and time are continuous whereas number is discrete, time has an existence independent of motion, or simply that time was the quantitative aspect of motion, rather than its numerical aspect. Simplicius preserves the following quotation in his commentary on Aristotle's Physics:

For we say we that we go abroad or sail or go on a military campaign or wage war for much time or for little time, and similarly, that we sit and sleep and do nothing for much time and for little time: for much time in the cases where the quantity is much, for little where it is little. For time is the quantitative in each of these. And this is why some people say that one and the same [thing] came slowly, others quickly, according to how the quantitative in this seems to each group. For we saw that that is quick in which the quantity from when it began to when it stopped is small, but much happened in this [interval]. Slow is the opposite, when the quantity in it is much, but what has been done is little. And for this reason, there is no quick and slow in rest, for all is equal to its own quantity, and neither much in a small quantity, or short in a large one. And this is why we speak of more and less time, but not of quicker or slower time. For an action and a motion can be quicker or slower, but the quantity in which the action is, is not quicker and slower, but more and less, like the time. Day and night, and month and year are not time or parts of time, but the former are light and dark, the latter the circuit of the moon and sun, while time is the quantity in which these are.

He was critical of Aristotle's concept of place as a surrounding surface, preferring to see it as the space which a thing occupies. He also rejected the existence of Aristotle's fifth element.

He emphasized the role of pneuma ('breath' or 'spirit') in the functioning of the soul; soul-activities were explained by pneuma extending throughout the body from the 'ruling part' located in the head. All sensation is felt in the ruling-part of the soul, rather than in the extremities of the body; all sensation involves thought, and there is no thought not derived from sensation. He denied that the soul was immortal, and attacked the 'proofs' put forward by Plato in his Phaedo.

Strato believed all matter consisted of tiny particles, but he rejected Democritus' theory of empty space. In Strato's view, void does exist, but only in the empty spaces between imperfectly fitting particles; Space is always filled with some kind of matter. Such a theory permitted phenomena such as compression, and allowed the penetration of light and heat through apparently solid bodies.

He seems to have denied the existence of any god outside of the material universe, and to have held that every particle of matter has a plastic and seminal power, but without sensation or intelligence; and that life, sensation, and intellect, are but forms, accidents, and affections of matter. Cicero took exception to this:
Nor does his pupil Strato, who is called the natural philosopher, deserve to be listened to; he holds that all divine force is resident in nature, which contains, he says, the principles of birth, increase, and decay, but which lacks, as we could remind him, all sensation and form.

Like the atomists (Leucippus and Democritus) before him, Strato of Lampsacus was a materialist and believed that everything in the universe was composed of matter and energy. Strato was one of the first philosophers to formulate a secular worldview, in which God is merely the unconscious force of nature.

You deny that without God there can be anything: but here you yourself seem to go contrary to Strato of Lampsacus, who concedes to God a pardon from a great task.  If the priests of God were on vacation, it is much more just that the Gods would also be on vacation; in fact he denies the need to appreciate the work of the Gods in order to construct the world.  All the things that exist he teaches have been produced by nature; not hence, as he says, according to that philosophy which claims these things are made of rough and smooth corpuscles, indented and hooked, the void interfering; these, he upholds, are dreams of Democritus which are not to be taught but dreamt. Strato, in fact, investigating the individual parts of the world, teaches that all that which is or is produced, is or has been produced, by weight and motion.  Thus he liberates God from a big job and me from fear.

Strato endeavoured to replace the Aristotelian teleology by a purely physical explanation of phenomena, the underlying elements of which he found in heat and cold, with especially heat as the active principle. Although Strato's view of the universe can be seen as secular, he may have accepted the existence of gods within the universe, in the context of ancient Greek religion; it is unlikely that he would have regarded himself as an atheist.

Geology
As quoted from Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology:
Strabo passes on to the hypothesis of Strato, the natural philosopher, who had observed that the quantity of mud brought down by rivers into the Euxine was so great, that its bed must be gradually raised, while the rivers still continued to pour in an undiminished quantity of water. He therefore conceived that, originally, when the Euxine was an inland sea, its level had by this means become so much elevated that it burst its barrier near Byzantium, and formed a communication with the Propontis, and this partial drainage had already, he supposed, converted the left side into marshy ground, and that, at last, the whole would be choked up with soil. So, it was argued, the Mediterranean had once opened a passage for itself by the Columns of Hercules into the Atlantic, and perhaps the abundance of sea-shells in Africa, near the Temple of Jupiter Ammon, might also be the deposit of some former inland sea, which had at length forced a passage and escaped.

Also following the reference of Georgius Agricola Strato of Lampsacus, the successor of Theophrastus, wrote a book on the subject of metallic arts called De Machinis Metallicis.

Modern influence
Strato's name meant little in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. However, in the 17th century, his name suddenly became famous due to the supposed similarities between his system and the pantheistic views of Spinoza. In his 1678 attack on atheism, Ralph Cudworth designated Strato's system as one of four types of atheism and in doing so, coined the term hylozoism to describe any system where primitive matter is endowed with a life force. These ideas reached Pierre Bayle, who adopted Strato and 'Stratonism' as key components of his own philosophy. In his Continuation des Pensées diverses, published in 1705, Stratonism became the most important ancient equivalent of Spinozism. For Bayle, Strato had made everything to follow a fixed order of necessity, with no innate good or bad in the universe; the universe was not regarded as a living thing with intelligence or intent, and there is no other divine power but nature. As the third head of the Peripatetic School in Greece, Strato also taught Aristarchus of Samos, who went on to present the first known heliocentric model as an alternative hypothesis to the then-acknowledged model of geocentrism. The heliocentric model situated the Sun at the center of the universe, unlike geocentrism which placed the Earth at the center of the universe. This Aristarchus had a significant impact on philosophers and scientists during the Hellenistic era of philosophy and science, and also later scholars, namely Copernicus and Kepler.

List of works
The list of his works is given by Diogenes Laërtius.

 Of Kingship, three books.
 Of Justice, three books.
 Of the Good, three books.
 Of the Gods, three books.
 On First Principles, three books.
 On Various Modes of Life.
 Of Happiness.
 On the Philosopher-King.
 Of Courage.
 On the Void.
 On the Heaven.
 On the Wind.
 Of Human Nature.
 On the Breeding of Animals.
 Of Mixture.
 Of Sleep.
 Of Dreams.
 Of Vision.
 Of Sensation.
 Of Pleasure.
 On Colours.
 Of Diseases.
 Of the Crises in Diseases.
 On Faculties.
 On Mining Machinery.
 Of Starvation and Dizziness.
 On the Attributes Light and Heavy.
 Of Enthusiasm or Ecstasy.
 On Time.
 On Growth and Nutrition.
 On Animals the existence of which is questioned.
 On Animals in Folk-lore or Fable.
 Of Causes.
 Solutions of Difficulties.
 Introduction to Topics.
 Of Accident.
 Of Definition.
 On difference of Degree.
 Of Injustice.
 Of the logically Prior and Posterior.
 Of the Genus of the Prior.
 Of the Property or Essential Attribute.
 Of the Future.
 Examinations of Discoveries, in two books.
 Lecture-notes, Diogenes adds that its authorship is disputed.
 Letters beginning "Strato to Arsinoë greeting."

Notes

References

Further reading

330s BC births
260s BC deaths
4th-century BC Greek philosophers
4th-century BC Greek writers
3rd-century BC Greek philosophers
3rd-century BC scholars
3rd-century BC Greek writers
Ancient Greek epistemologists
Ancient Greek metaphysicians
Ancient Greek philosophers of mind
Ancient Greek physicists
Hellenistic-era philosophers in Athens
Metaphysics writers
Peripatetic philosophers
People from Lampsacus

Strato of Lampsacus


The Wine Advocate (abgekürzt TWA oder auch WA) ist ein Magazin, das von dem Weinkritiker Robert Parker 1978 initiiert und immer noch herausgegeben wird. Das zunächst "The Baltimore-Washington Wine Advocate" betitelte, werbefreie Journal ist von Anfang an nur im Abonnement erhältlich. Durch die Werbefreiheit garantiert Parker seine Unabhängigkeit. Pro Jahr werden etwa 7500 verschiedene Weine verkostet. Die verkaufte Auflage belief sich 1998 auf 45.000 Stück. TWA ist eine unter mehreren Wein-Publikationen von Robert Parker wie beispielsweise dem Wine Buyer's Guide.

Robert Parker und sein Team verkosten Wein nach dem von ihm entwickelten System der Parker-Punkte (50–100 Punkte), wobei die Bestnote so gut wie nie vergeben wurde und Weine unterhalb der 60-Punkte-Marke bereits als ungenießbar gelten. Die seit 1992 selbst produzierten Weine seines Weingutes sind laut Eigenangaben niemals Gegenstand seiner Tests. Weinbewertungen von Parker haben eine enorme Wirkung auf den Weinmarkt und beeinflussen extrem die Preise der ausgelobten Tropfen. Sein britischer, acht Jahre älterer Kollege Hugh Johnson kritisiert das von ihm geschaffene Punktesystem.

Inzwischen hat sich eine 85-Punkte-Grenze entwickelt, unter der der Wein keine besondere Beachtung mehr findet. Die meisten internationalen Weinverkostungen finden nach dem 100-Punkte-System statt, wobei die Weine unter 80 (online-Ausgaben) oder 85 (Print-Magazine) Punkten zumeist keine Erwähnung finden.

Hintergrund
Der in Monkton in Maryland lebende Wein-Autodidakt studierte in den 1970er Jahren Rechtswissenschaft in Frankreich, wo seine Leidenschaft für den Wein aufkam. Vom Verbraucherschützer Ralph Nader beeinflusst, kritisierte auch er bald die Abhängigkeit der Weinkonsumenten vom Weinhandel und der Werbung. Er wünschte sich eine unabhängige Stelle, die möglichst objektiv Weinbewertungen vornehmen würde. Er bewertete zunächst nur Weine aus dem Bordeaux, deren zukünftige Entwicklung er aufgrund von Fassproben (Jungwein) abschätzen konnte. Als Reaktion stiegen die Preise der verkosteten Weine sprunghaft an.

Das zunächst als kostenloses Supplement erschienene Heft entwickelte sich nach wenigen Ausgaben als Fachblatt anspruchsvoller Weinkonsumenten. Mit einem Stab von Mitarbeitern (Neal Martin, Mark Squires, Antonio Galloni, Dr. Jay Miller und Stephan Reinhard, der 2014 David Schildknecht nachfolgte) bewertet er inzwischen Weine aus Bordeaux, von der Rhône, der Provence, dem Elsass, Beaujolais, Burgund, Champagne, Languedoc-Roussillon, und der Loire sowie aus Neuseeland, Australien und Südamerika, Portugal und Israel, Italien, Spanien und Portweine, Österreich und Deutschland, Oregon, Washington und Kalifornien.

Einzelnachweise

Weinkritik
Zeitschrift (Essen und Trinken)
Englischsprachige zweimonatliche Zeitschrift
Ersterscheinung 1978

The Wine Advocate


Neşet Ömer İrdelp (1882 - 3 Haziran 1948), Türkiye'ye modern kardiyolojiyi getiren iç hastalıkları hekimidir.

İlk ve orta öğrenimini İstanbul'da Numune-i Terakki Mektebi'nde gördü. 1902'de Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Mülkiye'yi bitirdi. Zorunlu hizmetini Ankara'da tamamladıktan sonra 1908'de iç hastalıkları uzmanlık öğrenimi için Paris'e gitti. 1910'da Türkiye'ye döndü ve Darülfünun Tıp Fakültesi'nde göreve başladı. Bu yıllarda verdiği seri konferanslarda Türk hekimlerine kalp hastalıklarındaki yeni gelişmeleri anlattı. Bunları Emraz-ı Kalbiye Konferansları (1911) adıyla yayımladı. I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Filistin'e gönderilen yardım heyetine başkanlık etti. Savaşın son iki yılında 4. Ordu'da yedek tabip binbaşı rütbesiyle ordu sağlık başkanlığı yaptı. Suriye, Filistin, Hicaz ve Sina çöllerinde görülen hastalıkları inceledi. 1921'de iç hastalıkları kliniği müderrisliğine getirildi. Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı sırasında Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün hekimliğini üstlendi ve bu görevini Atatürk'ün ölümüne değin sürdürdü.

1925'te Cerrahpaşa Hastanesi'nde açılan II. Dahiliye Seririyatı'nda görevlendirildi, bu bölüme kısa sürede bir kardiyoloji merkezi niteliği kazandırdı. Aynı yıl Tıp Fakültesi reisi (dekan), 1927'de de İstanbul Darülfünun (İstanbul Üniversitesi) emini (rektörü) seçildi. Antropoloji Enstitüsü'nü ve Antropoloji Dergisi'ni kurdu. 1933 Üniversite Reformu'nda ordinaryüs profesörlüğe yükseldi. İstanbul Üniversitesi'nin rektörü olduysa da sık sık görevine müdahale edildiği gerekçesiyle görevinden istifa etti. Cerrahpaşa Hastanesi I. Dahiliye Kliniği'ndeki görevini ölünceye değin sürdürdü. 1934'te İstanbul milletvekili seçilmesine karşın ikinci dönemde siyasetten vazgeçerek üniversiteye geri döndü.

1882 doğumlular
1948 yılında ölenler
Türk tıp akademisyenleri
İstanbul Üniversitesi rektörleri
TBMM 5. dönem İstanbul milletvekilleri
İstanbul doğumlu hekimler
İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi dekanları
İstanbul Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
Karacaahmet Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Türk ordinaryüs profesörler

Neşet Ömer İrdelp


Surre Altını, II. Mahmut'un 15. ve 16. cülus senelerinde (1822-1823) basılan altın paraların halk arasındaki ismi. Bunlardan birinde "Dar-ül hilâfe-tül aliyye" ötekisinde "Dar-ül hilâfe tüs-seniye" yazılı olması münasebetiyle Dar-ül hilâfe altını da denirdi.

Osmanlı paraları
Altın sikkeleri

Surre Altını


Die Copa del Rey 1928/29 war die 27. Austragung des spanischen Fußballpokals.

Der Wettbewerb startete am 9. Dezember 1928 und endete mit dem Finale am 3. Februar 1929 im Estadio Mestalla in Valencia. Titelverteidiger des Pokalwettbewerbes war der FC Barcelona. Den Titel gewann RCD Español durch einen 2:1-Erfolg im Finale gegen Real Madrid.

Runde der letzten 32
Die Hinspiele wurden am 8. und 9. Dezember, die Rückspiele am 16. Dezember 1928 ausgetragen.

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Entscheidungsspiele

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Achtelfinale
Die Hinspiele wurden am 23. Dezember, die Rückspiele am 30. Dezember 1928 ausgetragen.

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Viertelfinale
Die Hinspiele wurden am 6. Januar, die Rückspiele am 12. und 13. Januar 1929 ausgetragen.

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Halbfinale
Die Hinspiele wurden am 20. Januar, die Rückspiele am 27. Januar 1929 ausgetragen.

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Finale

Weblinks
 Spielplan und Ergebnisse (linguasport.com)

1929
Fußballsaison 1929

Copa del Rey 1929


Libertatia (also known as Libertalia) was a purported pirate colony founded in the late 17th century in Madagascar under the leadership of Captain James Misson (last name occasionally spelled "Mission", first name occasionally "Olivier").  The main source for Libertatia is Volume 2 of A General History of the Pyrates, a 1724 book which describes Captain Misson and Libertatia.  Little to no corroborating evidence for Libertatia beyond this account has been found, however.  Whether Libertatia was real but somehow "lost" to history, a pirate legend that the author recorded based on interviews with sailors, or a concocted work of utopian fiction by the author from the start is contested.

Background

Libertalia was a legendary free colony founded by pirates led by Captain Misson, although most historians have expressed doubts over its existence outside of literature. Libertalia got its name from the Latin word liberi which means "free". Misson's idea was to have his society be one in which people of all colours, creeds, and beliefs were to be free of any scrutiny. He wanted to give the people of Libertalia their own demonym, not one of a past country of origin. Historian and activist Marcus Rediker describes the pirates as follows:

The pirates were against the authoritarian institutions of their day, including monarchies, slavery, institutional religion, and the abuses associated with wealth. Like some historically documented pirates, they practiced direct democracy, where the people as a whole held the authority to make laws and rules, and also used systems of councils composed of delegates who were supposed to think of themselves as "comrades" of the general population, not rulers. They created a new language for their colony and operated a socialist economy.

The pirate utopia's motto was "for God and liberty," and its flag was white, in contrast to a Jolly Roger.

Captain James Misson
According to the account in A General History of the Pyrates, Misson was French, born in Provence, and it was while he was in Rome on leave from the French warship Victoire that he lost his faith, disgusted by the decadence of the Papal Court. In Rome he ran into Caraccioli – a "lewd Priest" who over the course of long voyages with little to do but talk, gradually converted Misson and a sizeable portion of the rest of the crew to his way of thinking:

Embarking on a career of piracy, the 200 strong crew of the Victoire called upon Misson to be their captain. They shared the wealth of the ship, deciding "all should be in common."

Location
The consensus of modern scholarship is that Libertalia (or Libertatia) was not a real place, but a work of fiction. Journalist Kevin Rushby toured the area seeking descendants of pirate inhabitants without success, noting "others have tried and failed many times". There were pirate settlements on and around Madagascar, on which Libertalia may have been based: Abraham Samuel at Port Dauphin, Adam Baldridge at Ile Ste.-Marie, and James Plaintain at Ranter Bay were all ex-pirates who founded trading posts and towns. These locations appear frequently in official accounts and letters from the period, while Libertalia appears only in Johnson's General History, Volume 2. Johnson writes about the overall set up of Libertalia. The settlement was purported to have an elevated fort on each side of the harbor with 40 guns in each fort, from the Portuguese. Below the fort, under the protection of the forts, was where the living quarters along with the rest of the town was located. Libertalia was located roughly 13 miles east-south-east of the nearest town.

Criticism
Johnson's "Libertalia" has been treated as completely fictional, as apocryphal, or as a utopian commentary. The inclusion of fictional accounts such as Misson's in A General History has caused some modern scholars to discount the entire work as a reliable source, though other portions of it have been at least partially corroborated by various sources.

Libertatia in popular culture

Literature
William S. Burroughs
Cities of the Red Night, 1981
Ghost of Chance, 1991
Daniel Vaxelaire. Les mutins de la liberté, 1986
Johnson, Charles. A General History of the Pyrates, 1724 (in Volume 2)
 Libertalia, une utopie pirate (French extract of "Histoire générale des plus fameux pirates"), L'Esprit Frappeur
Marcus Rediker. "Libertalia: The Pirate's Utopia," in Pirates: Terror on the High Seas from the Caribbean to the South China Sea
Peter Lamborn Wilson. Pirate Utopias: Moorish Corsairs & European Renegadoes, 1995Pirates of the Caribbean: Legends of the Brethren Court: Wild Waters, 2009
Rushby, Kevin. Hunting Pirate Heaven, 2001
W. E. Johns. Biggles and the Pirate Treasure, 1954
Tubella Casadevall, Imma. Els insubmisos del mar, 2021
Langrehr, Rick. Libertalia: Stealing Equality, 2022
David Graeber. Pirate Enlightenment, or the real Libertalia, 2023

 Museum
Pirates Museum in Antananarivo, since 2008
 Ilot Madame Museum

 Film Against All Flags (1952)The Amorous Corporal (1958)The King's Pirate (1967)The Grand Tour (2020)

Video gamesAssassin's Creed IV: Black Flag (2013) (mentioned only)Europa Universalis IV (2013)Fallout 4 (2015) (has a floating settlement of bandits named "Libertalia")Uncharted 4: A Thief's End (2016) (altered interpretation in which the colony is referred to as "Libertalia," and was founded by Henry Avery and Thomas Tew among other famous pirates.)

MusicYe Banished Privateers: The Legend of Libertalia (album, 2014)Jake and the Infernal Machine: Libertalia (album, 2014)Ja, Panik: Libertatia (album, 2014)
FreibeuterAG Libertalia (song)
Running Wild: Libertalia (song), a bonus track from their album Rogues en Vogue'' (2005).

See also
Republic of Pirates

References

External links
 Of Captain Thomas Tew
 Paul Orton's Thomas Tew page
 Return to Pirate Island, JSTOR Daily
 A General History of the Pyrates Vol. II, Project Gutenberg version

History of Madagascar
Piracy in the Indian Ocean
Pirate dens and locations
Utopian fiction
Fictional African countries
Maritime folklore
Nautical fiction

Libertatia


Paul Ramadier (17 March 1888 – 14 October 1961) was a French statesman.

Biography
The son of a psychiatrist, Ramadier graduated in law from the University of Toulouse and started his profession as a lawyer in Paris. Then, in 1911, he gained his doctorate in Roman law. He became the mayor of Decazeville in 1919 and served as the first Prime Minister of the Fourth Republic in 1947.

On 10 July 1940, he voted against the granting of the full powers to Marshal Philippe Pétain, who installed the Vichy regime the next day.

Ramadier took part in the Resistance and used the nom de guerre Violette. His name was included in the Yad Vashem Jewish memorial after the war.

In the government of Charles de Gaulle (1944–1945), he was Minister for Provisions and earned a reputation as a hardworking, pragmatic and conciliatory politician.

It was during his first ministry that the French Communist Party was forced out of the government in May 1947, which ended the coalition of "tripartisme" with the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). Ramadier voted for the Marshall Plan.

From 1956 to 1957, Ramadier was Minister of Finance under Guy Mollet.

Governments

First Ministry (22 January – 22 October 1947)
Paul Ramadier – President of the Council
Maurice Thorez – Vice President of the Council
Georges Bidault – Minister of Foreign Affairs
Paul Coste-Floret – Minister of War
Louis Jacquinot – Minister of Marine
André Maroselli – Minister of Air
Édouard Depreux – Minister of the Interior
Robert Schuman – Minister of Finance
André Philip – Minister of National Economy
Robert Lacoste – Minister of Industrial Production
Ambroise Croizat – Minister of Labour and Social Security
André Marie – Minister of Justice
Marcel Edmond Naegelen – Minister of National Education
François Mitterrand – Minister of Veterans and War Victims
François Tanguy-Prigent – Minister of Agriculture
Pierre Bourdan – Minister of Youth, Arts, and Letters
Marius Moutet – Minister of Overseas France
Jules Moch – Minister of Public Works and Transport
Georges Marrane – Minister of Public Health and Population
Charles Tillon – Minister of Reconstruction and Town Planning.
Jean Letourneau – Minister of Commerce
Félix Gouin – Minister of Planning
Marcel Roclore – Minister of State
Yvon Delbos – Minister of State

Changes:
4 May 1947 – Pierre-Henri Teitgen succeeds Thorez as Vice President of the Council. The other Communist ministers (Croizat, Marranne, and Tillon) also resign.
9 May 1947 – Daniel Mayer succeeds Croizat as Minister of Labour and Social Security. Robert Prigent succeeds Marranne as Minister of Public Health and Population. Jean Letourneau succeeds Tillon as Minister of Reconstruction and Town Planning. Eugène Thomas enters the Cabinet as Minister of Posts.
11 August 1947 – Robert Lacoste succeeds Letourneau as Minister of Commerce, becoming thus Minister of Commerce and Industry.

Second Ministry (22 October – 24 November 1947)
Paul Ramadier – President of the Council
Georges Bidault – Minister of Foreign Affairs
Pierre-Henri Teitgen – Minister of National Defense
Édouard Depreux – Minister of the Interior
Robert Schuman – Minister of Finance
Jules Moch – Minister of Economic Affairs, Planning, Public Works, Transport, Reconstruction, and Town Planning
Robert Lacoste – Minister of Industry
André Marie – Minister of Justice
Marcel Edmond Naegelen – Minister of National Education
Daniel Mayer – Minister of Social Affairs, Veterans, and War Victims
Marcel Roclore – Minister of Agriculture
Paul Coste-Floret – Minister of Overseas France
Yvon Delbos – Minister of State

References

External links
 Paul Ramadier – his activity to save Jews' lives during the Holocaust, at Yad Vashem website

1888 births
1961 deaths
People from La Rochelle
French Section of the Workers' International politicians
Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union politicians
Socialist Republican Union politicians
Prime Ministers of France
French Ministers of Justice
French Ministers of Finance
Secretaries of State of France
Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 15th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 16th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the Provisional Consultative Assembly
Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1945)
Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1946)
Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
Members of Parliament for Aveyron
French general councillors
Mayors of places in Occitania (administrative region)
French Freemasons
Human Rights League (France) members
History of Madagascar
The Vichy 80
French Resistance members
French people of the First Indochina War
French people of the Algerian War
French Righteous Among the Nations

Paul Ramadier


Elizabeth Alice Flint OBE ( - ) est une botaniste néo-zélandaise spécialiste des algues d'eau douce. Elle est co-autrice de la série en trois volumes Flora of New Zealand Desmids publiée de 1986 à 1994.

Biographie
Née à Edmonton, en Angleterre, Flint grandit dans la banlieue londonienne de New Malden. Sa famille émigre en Nouvelle-Zélande en 1921. Elle fait ses études au St Margaret's College de Christchurch, puis fait des études de botanique au Canterbury University College, où elle obtient un master en sciences en 1936. Son mémoire de maîtrise s'intitule The periodicity of the phytoplankton in Lake Sarah, with a consideration of some ecological factors, et l'oblige à effectuer des recherches de terrain au lac Sarah, un lac subalpin près de la station expérimentale de l'université à Cass. Flint fait des études de doctorat au Queen Mary College, sous la direction de Felix Eugen Fritsch, pour lesquelles elle étudie les changements de répartition des algues dans un réservoir à Barn Elms, près de Hammersmith. Sa thèse est intitulée An investigation of the distribution in time and space of the algae of a water-reservoir (Barn Elms).

Carrière
Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Flint travaille au laboratoire du Metropolitan Water Board de Londres, puis, entre 1943 et 1945, elle effectue des recherches opérationnelles pour la Royal Air Force. Elle travaille ensuite au Shirley Institute de la British Cotton Industry Research Association. Elle retourne en Nouvelle-Zélande en 1947 pour enseigner la botanique au Victoria University College de Wellington, puis obtient un poste en 1948, à l'université de Leeds, et en 1950, à l'University College Hull.

Flint retourne en Nouvelle-Zélande en 1955 alors que son père est en fin de vie, mais ne trouve pas de travail à temps complet. Elle travaille à temps partiel à la Direction de la recherche scientifique et industrielle (DSIR) jusqu'à sa retraite en 1974. Elle poursuit ses recherches sur les algues terrestres et d'eau douce et publie une trentaine d'articles scientifiques.

À partir de 1987, Flint est chercheuse associée à la division botanique du DSIR et co-dirige la publication de la série en trois volumes Flora of New Zealand Desmids, en collaboration avec Hannah Croasdale et Marilyn Racine, entre 1986 et 1994. Elle poursuit ses recherches à titre bénévole à l'université néo-zélandaise de Lincoln et à Landcare Research jusqu'à l'âge de 100 ans et publie son dernier article à l'âge de 101 ans. Elle meurt en Nouvelle-Zélande le .

Honneurs et distinctions
Flint est élue membre de la Linnean Society of London en 1942. Elle reçoit la médaille commémorative 1990 de Nouvelle-Zélande. Elle est nommée officier de l'Ordre de l'Empire britannique pour les honneurs du nouvel an 1991, « pour services rendus à la botanique ». En 2017, Flint est l'une des « 150 femmes en 150 mots » () distinguées par la Royal Society Te Apārangi, un projet qui célèbre les contributions des femmes à l'élargissement des connaissances en Nouvelle-Zélande.

Références

Liens externes

Botaniste néo-zélandais du XXe siècle
Professeur à l'université de Hull
Professeur à l'université de Leeds
Professeur à l'université Victoria de Wellington
Universitaire néo-zélandais du XXe siècle
Étudiant de Queen Mary University of London
Étudiant de l'université de Canterbury
Officier de l'ordre de l'Empire britannique
Membre de la Linnean Society of London
Naissance en mai 1909
Naissance à Londres
Décès en décembre 2011
Décès à 102 ans
Centenaire néo-zélandais

Elizabeth Alice Flint


Hitrole je daljinska oružna stanica koju proizvodi talijanska tvrtka za proizvodnju oružja OTO Melara, sada Leonardo Sp A.

Na kupolu se može montirati različito lakše automatsko oružje, uključujući mitraljeze od 5,56 milimetara (0,219"), 7,62 milimetara (0,300") i 12,7 milimetara (0,50") i automatske bacače granata od 40 milimetara (1,6").

Leonardo je nedavno predstavio novu liniju daljinski upravljanih malokalibarskih sustava Lionfish koja se sastoji od četiri modela: Ultralight, Inner Reloading i Top s kalibrom 12,7 mm te model 20 s kalibrom 20 mm.

Oružje je žiroskopski stabilizirano. Kupola je teška između 210 kilograma i 260 kilograma, ovisno o oružju koje je ugrađeno. Topnikova daljinska optika dodaje infracrvenu kameru i laserski daljinomjer običnoj kameri za vidljivo svjetlo. Topniku pomaže računalo za upravljanje paljbom.

Godine 2009. talijanska vojska naručila je 81 kupolu za opremanje svojih vozila Iveco Lince raspoređenih u  Afganistanu.

Verzije

 Hitrole-N
 Hitrole-L
 Hitrole-NT, od 2008.
 Hitrole-G, od 2012.
 Hitrole-20, od 2014.

Operateri

Izvori

Talijanska vojna oprema

Hitrole


35 (خمس وثلاثون) هو عدد صحيح  يلي العدد 34 ويسبق العدد 36 وهو عدد طبيعي موجب.

يساوي العدد 35 مجموع أول خمس في سلسلة الأعداد المثلثية جاعلاً منها عدد هرمي ثلاثي. وهو أيضاً عدد مكعبي مركزي، وعدد مخمسي.

في العلم

 العدد الذري للبروم.
 عدد الكتلة للنظير الكيميائي «المغنيسيوم-23».

في الفلك

 مسييه 35: عنقود نجمي مفتوح ضمن فهرس مسييه، يقع في كوكبة التوأمين ويبلغ قدره الظاهري 5.3.
 ف.ع.ج 35 - إن جي سي 35: مجرة حلزونية ضمن الفهرس العام الجديد، وهي تقع في كوكبة قيطس ويبلغ قدرها الظاهري 14.7.
 35 ليوكوثيا: كويكب ضخم يقع في حزام الكويكبات الرئيسي، اكتشف عام 1948.

مراجع

أعداد صحيحة

35 (عدد)


Don Coppersmith (born  1950) is a cryptographer and mathematician. He was involved in the design of the Data Encryption Standard block cipher at IBM, particularly the design of the S-boxes, strengthening them against differential cryptanalysis.
He also improved the quantum Fourier transform discovered by Peter Shor in the same year (1994). He has also worked on algorithms for computing discrete logarithms, the cryptanalysis of RSA, methods for rapid matrix multiplication (see Coppersmith–Winograd algorithm) and IBM's MARS cipher. He is also a co-designer of the SEAL and Scream ciphers.

In 1972, Coppersmith obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a Masters and Ph.D. in mathematics from Harvard University in 1975 and 1977 respectively. He was a Putnam Fellow each year from 1968–1971, becoming the first four-time Putnam Fellow in history. In 1998, he started Ponder This, an online monthly column on mathematical puzzles and problems. In October 2005, the column was taken over by James Shearer.  Around that same time, he left IBM and began working at the IDA Center for Communications Research, Princeton.

In 2002, Coppersmith won the RSA Award for Excellence in Mathematics.

See also
 Coppersmith's attack
 Coppersmith method

References

External links

20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
IBM employees
IBM Research computer scientists
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Modern cryptographers
Putnam Fellows
1950s births
Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows

Don Coppersmith


Jack Steven Irons (born July 18, 1962) is an American drummer. He is the founding drummer of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers and is a former member of Pearl Jam and Eleven.

Alongside his work with Red Hot Chili Peppers and Pearl Jam, Irons has been a member of Eleven, The Wallflowers and Mark Lanegan Band. He has worked with Joe Strummer and The Latino Rockabilly War, Redd Kross, Raging Slab, Spinnerette and The Les Claypool Frog Brigade.  In 1995 Irons and the other members of Pearl Jam recorded and toured the Mirror Ball album with Neil Young. Irons has released two solo albums, Attention Dimension (2004) and No Heads Are Better Than One (2010).

Irons was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers in 2012. Irons, along with former drummer Cliff Martinez, joined the band onstage for the first time in 24 years for a performance of their 1991 hit "Give It Away". Irons was an opening act in 2017 for the Chili Peppers on The Getaway World Tour.

Biography

Early life
Jack Irons was born and raised in Los Angeles. He is from a Jewish background. Irons grew up using his family's cutlery as drumsticks, playing along to whatever was on the radio. He talked his parents into buying him a drum set, and took a drum class. Irons attended Bancroft Jr. High School in Hollywood, where he met future bandmates Michael "Flea" Balzary and Hillel Slovak. He then went on to attend Fairfax High School in Los Angeles alongside Balzary and Slovak, as well as future bandmates Anthony Kiedis and Alain Johannes.  He and Slovak were both fans of Kiss, and they formed a tribute act. Irons was influenced by Jack DeJohnette, Stewart Copeland, and Keith Moon.

What Is This? and The Red Hot Chili Peppers

As teenagers, Irons, Johannes, Slovak, and schoolmate Todd Strassman formed the band Chain Reaction in 1976. After its first gig, the band renamed itself Anthym. Slovak, dissatisfied with Strassman's bass playing, taught friend Michael "Flea" Balzary to play then replaced Strassman with Flea. After graduating high school, the band changed its name to What Is This? after a question often asked by people who heard the band play. Flea soon departed to play bass in the prominent Los Angeles punk band Fear. What Is This? continued, performing many shows along the California coast.

In 1983, Flea formed a "one-off" band, Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, with Kiedis, Slovak and Irons. Their performance was a hit and, after deciding to continue past the single concert, they changed their name to Red Hot Chili Peppers, quickly gaining popularity around Los Angeles. After six months, they earned a record deal with EMI and prepared to record its first album. Since What Is This? had signed a record deal two weeks earlier and Slovak and Irons considered the Red Hot Chili Peppers a side project, they quit. With What Is This?, Irons recorded 1984's Squeezed (EP), 1985's 3 Out of 5 Live EP, and a full-length self-titled album that same year. The band broke up following the album's recording as Slovak became frustrated with the band and rejoined the Red Hot Chili Peppers. In the meantime, Irons played on several recordings by Walk the Moon, a duo made up of Johannes and Natasha Shneider. In 1986, after learning that drummer Cliff Martinez had resigned, Irons returned to the Red Hot Chili Peppers.

Irons played drums on the Red Hot Chili Peppers' first demo tape and their third album, 1987's The Uplift Mofo Party Plan. When Slovak died of a heroin overdose on June 25, 1988, Irons again quit the band because he did not want to be part of a group where his friends were dying. In 2006, Irons said Slovak's death had been such a huge shock that he had been suffering from depression ever since.

On August 12, 2012, Irons and  Martinez performed "Give It Away" with the Red Hot Chili Peppers at a Los Angeles concert. In 2017, Irons was an opening act for several dates on The Getaway World Tour.

Eleven

After Irons left Red Hot Chili Peppers, he went to a psychiatric hospital to receive treatment. After a brief stint with Joe Strummer's backing band the Latino Rockabilly War, Irons teamed up with Johannes and Shneider in 1990 to form Eleven. With Eleven, Irons recorded the albums Awake in a Dream (1991) and Eleven (1993). Midway through the recording of Eleven's third album, Thunk (1995), Irons departed to drum with Pearl Jam, and Matt Cameron of Soundgarden played drums on the album's remaining four tracks. Irons returned to the band once again in 2002 prior to the recording of the band's fifth album, Howling Book (2003). Shneider died on July 2, 2008, following a battle with cancer. Prior to Shneider's death, the band was working on a sixth album due for release in the fall of 2008.

Pearl Jam

Bassist Jeff Ament and guitarist Stone Gossard invited Irons to join Mookie Blaylock, the band that would become Pearl Jam, in 1990, when the band was first forming and still looking for a singer and a drummer. Although he did not join the band at that time because he was committed to his own band, Eleven, he did pass on a cassette of the band's work to a singer and local musician in San Diego named Eddie Vedder. Irons had formed a friendship with Vedder after meeting him through the Southern California music scene and would play basketball with him. Vedder subsequently joined the band. Irons also called the Red Hot Chili Peppers in 1991 and asked the band to allow Vedder's new group to open for the band on its forthcoming Blood Sugar Sex Magik tour.

Irons became the drummer for Pearl Jam in late 1994 following the firing of drummer Dave Abbruzzese. His first recording with the band was "Hey Foxymophandlemama, That's Me" for Vitalogy (1994). Gossard said, "Jack entered the band right at the end of making Vitalogy. Jack's a breath of fresh air, a family man. Everybody had a strong sense of friendship with him immediately. He was just there to play drums and help out." Irons made his debut with the band at Neil Young's 1994 Bridge School Benefit, but he was not officially announced as the band's new drummer until its 1995 Self-Pollution satellite radio broadcast, a four-and-a-half-hour-long "pirate" broadcast out of Seattle, Washington which was available to any radio stations that wanted to carry it. Irons joined the group and played Pearl Jam's live shows supporting the Vitalogy album.

Irons performed with other members of Pearl Jam on Neil Young's 1995 album, Mirror Ball, and subsequently toured Europe as part of Young's backing band. Talking about the album, Young called drummer Irons "unbelievable." He stated that he "played his ass off on every take at every session," and added, "I can't say enough good things about him."

With Irons, Pearl Jam recorded its fourth studio album, No Code, released in 1996, for which Irons also toured. The band subsequently released Yield in 1998. "Do the Evolution" (from Yield) received a Grammy nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance. As a member of Pearl Jam, Irons brought a unique drumming style to the band, particularly in the way he played his fills and with his use of a trash can lid as a cymbal. Irons co-wrote the music for the No Code songs "Who You Are", "In My Tree", "Red Mosquito", and "I'm Open". He also wrote and sang on the Pearl Jam songs "Happy When I'm Crying" (from the 1997 fan club Christmas single), "●" (from Yield), and "Whale Song" (from the 1999 Music for Our Mother Ocean Vol. 3 compilation). He played with Pearl Jam through March 20, 1998. In 1998, prior to Pearl Jam's U.S. Yield Tour, Irons left the band due to dissatisfaction with touring. Pearl Jam's sound engineer Brett Eliason stated, "We went and did Hawaii and Australia with Jack. When we came back, Jack wasn't in a position to carry on. He made that decision more or less by himself. He can be a really great drummer but he had difficulty on tour putting out the energy for the length of shows they were doing. I don't know if he thought they'd put things on hold for him." Vedder said, "I think that him deciding that he wasn't going to be in the band really hurt." Coincidentally, Matt Cameron, from the recently split Soundgarden, replaced him again as he did four years prior on Eleven's Thunk.

Other musical projects

Attention Dimension

On September 7, 2004, Irons released a solo album called Attention Dimension. Irons started creating his first pieces of drum music in 1994, but it wasn't until fall 1999, about a year after he left Pearl Jam, that he seriously began recording himself for a possible solo album. The album features appearances by former bandmates such as Alain Johannes, Flea, Eddie Vedder, Stone Gossard, Jeff Ament, and Les Claypool. Vedder contributed vocals to a cover of Pink Floyd's "Shine On You Crazy Diamond". Johnny Loftus of Allmusic said, "Attention Dimension is the drummer's chance to be in the bright white klieg light."

Collaborations
Aside from the aforementioned bands, Irons recorded and toured as a member of Joe Strummer's backing band The Latino Rockabilly War for the album Earthquake Weather (1989), and also toured with Redd Kross in support of the band's album Third Eye (1990). He appears in Redd Kross' promotional video for the song "Annie's Gone". In 1992, Raging Slab (a band notorious for having over 25 different drummers over the course of the band's 18-year career), complete with Irons on drums, began recording the follow-up to its 1989 RCA Records self-titled debut, with producer Michael Beinhorn at the helm. The entire album was recorded, mixed, and mastered; however when RCA Records executives heard the album, it was rejected. The album, titled Freeburden, remains unreleased. In 2000, Irons played as part of the initial line-up of Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade. Irons is featured on the track "Milky Ave" on the album Ultra Payloaded (2007) by Perry Farrell's band Satellite Party. Joining him on the album is former bandmate Flea. In 2012 he appeared on former Chili Pepper bandmate, Flea's debut solo EP Helen Burns. Aside from popular music, Irons has worked as a drumming advisor and teacher for numerous U.S. television projects. Irons appeared on five of the ten songs on To Be One With You, the debut solo album by former Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist Josh Klinghoffer who released the album under the name Pluralone. The album was released on November 22, 2019.  He then went on to record four songs on Josh's follow-up record, I Don't Feel Well released on October 16, 2020.

Equipment
Irons currently endorses Masters of Maple Drums, Zildjian cymbals, and Pro-Mark drumsticks.

Personal life
Irons has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. About being diagnosed, he said "back in my twenties they said, 'When you get to your forties you might be able to turn a corner with this kind of a thing'. And I think that's very accurate. I had to learn to decipher sort of what was real and what was in my head. And that took time."

He is married and has two children. His son, Zach Irons, is founder and lead guitarist for Irontom. In September 2015, Zach Irons became lead guitarist for AWOLNATION.

Discography

What Is This? discography

Red Hot Chili Peppers discography

Eleven discography

Pearl Jam discography

Solo discography

Spinnerette discography

Contributions and collaborations

References

External links

Living people
1962 births
American rock drummers
Pearl Jam members
Red Hot Chili Peppers members
Spinnerette members
The Wallflowers members
What Is This? members
Fairfax High School (Los Angeles) alumni
Musicians from Los Angeles
Jewish American musicians
Jews in punk rock
Jewish heavy metal musicians
Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade members
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
Raging Slab members
Eleven (band) members
The Latino Rockabilly War members

Jack Irons


Karl Emmanuel 3. af Sardinien-Piemont, (italiensk: Carlo Emanuele III) (født 27. april 1701 i Torino, død 20. februar 1773 i Torino) var konge af Sardinien fra 1730 til 1773. Desuden var han hertug af Savoyen i 1720 – 1730 og igen i  1732 – 1773.

Forældre
Karl Emmanuel var søn af af Viktor Amadeus 2. Sardinien-Piemont, der havde været konge af Sicilien i 1713 – 1718, og som var Sardiniens første konge i 1720 – 1730.

Hans mor var Anne Marie af Bourbon-Orléans. Hun var datter af Filip 1. af Orléans (en søn af kong Ludvig 13. af Frankrig) og Henriette af England (en datter af kong Karl 1. af England).

Familie
Karl Emmanuel var først gift med Anna Christine Luise af Pfalz-Sulzbach (1701 – 1723).  Anna Christine var datter af Theodor Eustach, pfalzgreve af Pfalz-Sulzbach.

Senere blev han gift med Polyxena af Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg (1706 – 1735). Karl Emmanuel og Polyxena fik seks børn. Deres ældste søn Viktor Amadeus 3. af Sardinien-Piemont (1726 – 1796) blev konge af  Sardinien-Piemont.

Karl Emmanuels tredje ægteskab var med Elisabeth Therese af Lothringen (1711 – 1741). Hun var søster til kejser Frans 1. Stefan af Det tysk-romerske Rige.

Konger af Sardinien-Piemont
Huset Savoyen

Karl Emmanuel 3. af Sardinien-Piemont


Die Korea Open 1996 im Badminton fanden vom 21. bis zum 27. Januar 1996 im Seoul National University Gymnasium in Seoul statt. Das Preisgeld betrug 125.000 US-Dollar. Es war die 6. Auflage der Korea Open. Hauptsponsoren des Turniers waren GF und Joo Bong. Das Turnier hatte einen Fünf-Sterne-Status im World Badminton Grand Prix. 250 Spieler aus 24 Ländern nahmen am Turnier teil, welches von MBC und STAR im Fernsehen übertragen wurde.

Finalergebnisse

Weblinks
  (englisch)

1996
Badmintonwettbewerb in Seoul
World Badminton Grand Prix 1996

Korea Open 1996


The Golden Ticket es una ópera con música de Peter Ash y libreto en inglés de Donald Sturrock, basado en el libro clásico de Roald Dahl titulado Charlie y la fábrica de chocolate. The Golden Ticket fue un encargo del American Lyric Theater, con Lawrence Edelson como director artístico produciendo; y Felicity Dahl. Se estrenó en el Teatro de Ópera de Saint Louis el 13 de junio de 2010 en una coproducción entre OTSL, Festival de Ópera de Wexford de Irlanda y el American Lyric Theater.

The Golden Ticket fue originalmente concebido como un proyecto para el Real Teatro Nacional de Londres, pero los primeros ensayos con el compositor y libretistas pusieron de manifiesto los desafíos de producir una ópera bajo los auspicios de una compañía teatral que no empleaba regularmente csntantes formados clásicamente. Una temprana versión de concierto de la partitura fue presentada por la Manchester Camerata poco después. Este concierto fue considerado en gran medida un fracaso, en parte debido al hecho de que el público familiar había esperado una representación escénica plena de Charlie y la fábrica de chocolate – no una ópera en concierto.

Personajes
Charlie: niño tiple
Willy Wonka: bajo-barítono o barítono
Mike Teavee: contratenor
Veruca Salt: mezzosoprano
Lord Salt: barítono
Violet Beauregard: soprano de coloratura
Augustus Gloop: tenor
Grandpa Joe: tenor
Mr. Beauregard/Abuelo George: bajo
Mrs. Gloop/Abuela Georgina: soprano dramática
Mrs. Teavee/Abuela Josephine: contralto o mezzosoprano
Candy Mallow/Squirrelmistress: mezzosoprano

Coro de gárgolas, ciudadanos, "Umpa lumpas" y ardillas

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Óperas de Peter Ash
Óperas en inglés
Óperas estrenadas en Estados Unidos
Óperas de 2010

The Golden Ticket