The Leblanc process was an early industrial process for making soda ash (sodium carbonate) used throughout the 19th century, named after its inventor, Nicolas Leblanc.  It involved two stages: making sodium sulfate from sodium chloride, followed by reacting the sodium sulfate with coal and calcium carbonate to make sodium carbonate.  The process gradually became obsolete after the development of the Solvay process.

Background

Soda ash (sodium carbonate) and potash (potassium carbonate), collectively termed alkali, are vital chemicals in the glass, textile, soap, and paper industries.  The traditional source of alkali in western Europe had been potash obtained from wood ashes. However, by the 13th century, deforestation had rendered this means of production uneconomical, and alkali had to be imported.  Potash was imported from North America, Scandinavia, and Russia, where large forests still stood. Soda ash was imported from Spain and the Canary Islands, where it was produced from the ashes of glasswort plants (called barilla ashes in Spain), or imported from Syria. The soda ash from glasswort plant ashes was mainly a mixture of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. In addition in Egypt, naturally occurring sodium carbonate, the mineral natron, was mined from dry lakebeds. In Britain, the only local source of alkali was from kelp, which washed ashore in Scotland and Ireland.

In 1783, King Louis XVI of France and the French Academy of Sciences offered a prize of 2400 livres for a method to produce alkali from sea salt (sodium chloride).  In 1791, Nicolas Leblanc, physician to Louis Philip II, Duke of Orléans, patented a solution.  That same year he built the first Leblanc plant for the Duke at Saint-Denis, and this began to produce 320 tons of soda per year.   He was denied his prize money because of the French Revolution.

For more recent history, see industrial history below.

Chemistry

In the first step, sodium chloride is treated with sulfuric acid in the Mannheim process.  This reaction produces sodium sulfate (called the salt cake) and hydrogen chloride:
 2 NaCl + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2 HCl

This chemical reaction had been discovered in 1772 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.  Leblanc's contribution was the second step, in which a mixture of the salt cake and crushed limestone (calcium carbonate) was reduced by heating with coal.  This conversion entails two parts. First is the carbothermic reaction whereby the coal, a source of carbon, reduces the sulfate to sulfide:
 Na2SO4 + 2  C → Na2S + 2 CO2

In the second stage, is the reaction to produce sodium carbonate and calcium sulfide. This mixture is called black ash.

 Na2S + CaCO3 → Na2CO3 + CaS
The soda ash is extracted from the black ash with water.  Evaporation of this extract yields solid sodium carbonate.  This extraction process was termed lixiviation.

Process detail
The sodium chloride is initially mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid and the mixture exposed to low heat. The hydrogen chloride gas bubbles off and was discarded to atmosphere before gas absorption towers were introduced. This continues until all that is left is a fused mass. This mass still contains enough chloride to contaminate the later stages of the process. The mass is then exposed to direct flame, which evaporates nearly all of the remaining chloride.

The coal used in the next step must be low in nitrogen to avoid the formation of cyanide. The calcium carbonate, in the form of limestone or chalk, should be low in magnesia and silica. The weight ratio of the charge is 2:2:1 of salt cake, calcium carbonate, and carbon respectively. It is fired in a reverberatory furnace at about 1000 °C. Sometimes the reverberatory furnace rotated and thus was called a "revolver".

The black-ash product of firing must be lixiviated right away to prevent oxidation of sulfides back to sulfate. In the lixiviation process, the black-ash is completely covered in water, again to prevent oxidation. To optimize the leaching of soluble material, the lixiviation is done in cascaded stages. That is, pure water is used on the black-ash that has already been through prior stages. The liquor from that stage is used to leach an earlier stage of the black-ash, and so on.

The final liquor is treated by blowing carbon dioxide through it. This precipitates dissolved calcium and other impurities. It also volatilizes the sulfide, which is carried off as H2S gas. Any residual sulfide can be subsequently precipitated by adding zinc hydroxide. The liquor is separated from the precipitate and evaporated using waste heat from the reverberatory furnace. The resulting ash is then redissolved into concentrated solution in hot water. Solids that fail to dissolve are separated. The solution is then cooled to recrystallize nearly pure sodium carbonate decahydrate.

Industrial history

Leblanc established the first Leblanc process plant in 1791 in St. Denis.  However, French Revolutionaries seized the plant, along with the rest of Louis Philip's estate, in 1794, and publicized Leblanc's trade secrets. Napoleon I returned the plant to Leblanc in 1801, but lacking the funds to repair it and compete against other soda works that had been established in the meantime, Leblanc committed suicide in 1806.

By the early 19th century, French soda ash producers were making 10,000 - 15,000 tons annually.  However, it was in Britain that the Leblanc process became most widely practiced.   The first British soda works using the Leblanc process was built by the Losh family of iron founders at the Losh, Wilson and Bell works in Walker on the River Tyne in 1816, but steep British tariffs on salt production hindered the economics of the Leblanc process and kept such operations on a small scale until 1824.  Following the repeal of the salt tariff, the British soda industry grew dramatically. The Bonnington Chemical Works was possibly the earliest production, and the chemical works established by James Muspratt in Liverpool and Flint, and by Charles Tennant near Glasgow became some of the largest in the world.  Muspratt's Liverpool works enjoyed proximity and transport links to the Cheshire salt mines, the St Helens coalfields and the North Wales and Derbyshire limestone quarries. By 1852, annual soda production had reached 140,000 tons in Britain and 45,000 tons in France.  By the 1870s, the British soda output of 200,000 tons annually exceeded that of all other nations in the world combined.

Pollution issues
The Leblanc process plants were quite damaging to the local environment.  The process of generating salt cake from salt and sulfuric acid released hydrochloric acid gas, and because this acid was industrially useless in the early 19th century, it was simply vented into the atmosphere. Also, an insoluble smelly solid waste was produced.  For every 8 tons of soda ash, the process produced 5.5 tons of hydrogen chloride and 7 tons of calcium sulfide waste. This solid waste (known as galligu) had no economic value, and was piled in heaps and spread on fields near the soda works, where it weathered to release hydrogen sulfide, the toxic gas responsible for the odor of rotten eggs.

Because of their noxious emissions, Leblanc soda works became targets of lawsuits and legislation.  An 1839 suit against soda works alleged, "the gas from these manufactories is of such a deleterious nature as to blight everything within its influence, and is alike baneful to health and property. The herbage of the fields in their vicinity is scorched, the gardens neither yield fruit nor vegetables; many flourishing trees have lately become rotten naked sticks. Cattle and poultry droop and pine away. It tarnishes the furniture in our houses, and when we are exposed to it, which is of frequent occurrence, we are afflicted with coughs and pains in the head ... all of which we attribute to the Alkali works."

In 1863, the British Parliament passed the Alkali Act 1863, the first of several Alkali Acts, the first modern air pollution legislation.  This act allowed that no more than 5% of the hydrochloric acid produced by alkali plants could be vented to the atmosphere.  To comply with the legislation, soda works passed the escaping hydrogen chloride gas up through a tower packed with charcoal, where it was absorbed by water flowing in the other direction.  The chemical works usually dumped the resulting hydrochloric acid solution into nearby bodies of water, killing fish and other aquatic life.

The Leblanc process also meant very unpleasant working conditions for the operators. It originally required careful operation and frequent operator interventions (some involving heavy manual labour) into processes giving off hot noxious chemicals.
Sometimes, workmen cleaning the reaction products out of the reverberatory furnace wore cloth mouth-and-nose gags to keep dust and aerosols out of the lungs.

This improved somewhat later as processes were more heavily mechanised to improve economics and uniformity of product.

By the 1880s, methods for converting the hydrochloric acid to chlorine gas for the manufacture of bleaching powder and for reclaiming the sulfur in the calcium sulfide waste had been discovered, but the Leblanc process remained more wasteful and more polluting than the Solvay process.  The same is true when it is compared with the later electrolytical processes which eventually replaced it for chlorine production.

Obsolescence
In 1861, the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay developed a more direct process for producing soda ash from salt and limestone through the use of ammonia.  The only waste product of this Solvay process was calcium chloride, and so it was both more economical and less polluting than the Leblanc method.  From the late 1870s, Solvay-based soda works on the European continent provided stiff competition in their home markets to the Leblanc-based British soda industry. Additionally the Brunner Mond Solvay plant which opened in 1874 at Winnington near Northwich provided fierce competition nationally. Leblanc producers were unable to compete with Solvay soda ash, and their soda ash production was effectively an adjunct to their still profitable production of chlorine, bleaching powder etc. (The unwanted by-products had become the profitable products).  The development of electrolytic methods of chlorine production removed that source of profits as well, and there followed a decline moderated only by "gentlemen's' agreements" with Solvay producers. By 1900, 90% of the world's soda production was through the Solvay method, or on the North American continent, through the mining of trona, discovered in 1938, which caused the closure of the last North American Solvay plant in 1986.  The last Leblanc-based soda ash plant closed in the early 1920s.  However, because of solubility of the bicarbonate, the Solvay process does not work for the manufacture of potassium carbonate, and the Leblanc process continued in limited use for its manufacture until much later.

Biodiversity

There is a strong case for arguing that Leblanc process waste is the most endangered habitat in the UK, since the waste weathers down to calcium carbonate and produces a haven for plants that thrive in lime-rich soils, known as calcicoles. Only four such sites have survived the new millennium; three are protected as local nature reserves of which the largest, at Nob End near Bolton, is an SSSI and Local Nature Reserve - largely for its sparse orchid-calcicole flora, most unusual in an area with acid soils.  This alkaline island contains within it an acid island, where acid boiler slag was deposited, which now shows up as a zone dominated by heather, Calluna vulgaris.

References

External links
 T. Howard Deighton. The struggle for supremacy : being a series of chapters in the history of the leblanc alkali industry in Great Britain: 32:Wealth from Waste "...this abominable refuse tipped by millions of tons upon the banks of the .. Tyne"

Chemical processes
Industrial Revolution
French inventions
Name reactions
Industrial processes

Leblanc process


Carlos III do Reino Unido é o chefe de Estado dos 15 Reinos da Comunidade de Nações. Dentro do sistema Westminster em cada reino, o governo do Rei é chefiado por um primeiro-ministro. A nomeação e demissão de primeiros-ministros são poderes de reserva comuns que podem ser exercidos pelo Rei ou seus governadores-gerais. Até o momento presente, Carlos III nomeou dois novos primeiros-ministros; Rishi Sunak como Primeiro-ministro do Reino Unido em 25 de outubro de 2022 e Chris Hipkins como Primeiro-ministro da Nova Zelândia em 25 de janeiro de 2023.

Lista de primeiros-ministros

Ver também
 Lista de chefes de governo da Commonwealth
 Monarquia constitucional
 Commonwealth

Carlos III
Carlos III do Reino Unido

Lista de primeiros-ministros de Carlos III do Reino Unido


"Hope" (em português: Esperança) é a canção que representou a Estónia no Festival Eurovisão da Canção 2022 que teve lugar em Turim. A canção foi selecionada através do Eesti Laul, que teve lugar a 12 de fevereiro de 2022. Na semifinal do dia 12 de maio, a canção qualificou-se para a final, terminando em 13º lugar com 141 pontos.

Canções do Festival Eurovisão da Canção
Estónia no Festival Eurovisão da Canção
Canções em inglês
Canções de 2021
Singles de 2021

Hope (canção de Stefan Airapetjan)


Marko Mamić, hrvatski reprezentativni rukometaš, rođen je 6. ožujka 1994. godine. Prvo je krenuo, kao i svako drugo dijete sa svega 7 godina, trenirati nogomet. Ljubav prema rukometu razvila se nešto kasnije i to zahvaljujući 4 godine starijem bratu Matiji, koji je trenirao rukomet. Marko bi se često ubacivao na bratove treninge. Jedno vrijeme trenirao je i rukomet i nogomet s 90. godištem, jer u Garešnici nije bilo puno djece njegovog uzrasta. U sedmom razredu odustao je od nogometa i u potpunosti se posvetio rukometu. Nakon što je upisao opću gimnaziju u Garešnici, u kojoj je sjedio u klupi s poznatim Ivanom Severovićem, otišao je igrati prvu ligu u kutinskoj Moslavini. Međutim, put ga nije kao i većinu mladih rukometaša, odveo u PPD Zagreb. Marko se ipak odlučio za švicarski Kadetten Schaffhausen. Iz francuskog Dunkerquea prešao je u poljski Vive Kielce za koji trenutačno nastupa. Marko osim što je uspješan rukometaš student je sportskog menadžmenta. Veliki uspjeh ostvario je na SP-u u Francuskoj protiv Španjolaca kada je ostvario 9 pogodaka i poslao Hrvatsku u polufinale.

Izvori

Hrvatski rukometaši

Marko Mamić


كولن كاظم ريتشاردز  أو كاظم كاظم، من مواليد 26 أغسطس 1986 في لييتونستون في إنجلترا ، لاعب كرة قدم تركي.

يلعب مع نادي فنربغشة منذ عام 2007.

بدأ باللعب مع منتخب تركيا لكرة القدم في عام 2007.

مرحلة الشباب

أندية لعب لها
 كوينز بارك رينجرز
 نادي آرسنال

المسيرة الاحترافية

أندية لعب لها
 نادي بوري
 نادي برايتون أند هوف ألبيون
 شيفيلد يونايتد
 نادي فنربخشة
 غلطة سراي
 بورصاسبور
 فيينورد

وصلات خارجية

مراجع

روابط خارجية

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية أتراك
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في اليونان
أتراك من أصل قبرصي
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
إنجليز من أصل أنتيغوي بربودي
إنجليز من أصل تركي
إنجليز من أصل قبرصي تركي
بريطانيون من أصل قبرصي تركي
رياضيون أتراك مغتربون في البرازيل
رياضيون أتراك مغتربون في المكسيك
رياضيون أتراك مغتربون في اليونان
رياضيون أتراك مغتربون في فرنسا
رياضيون أتراك مغتربون في هولندا
رياضيون إنجليز سود
رياضيون إنجليز مغتربون في البرازيل
رياضيون إنجليز مغتربون في المكسيك
رياضيون إنجليز مغتربون في اليونان
رياضيون إنجليز مغتربون في فرنسا
رياضيون إنجليز مغتربون في هولندا
رياضيون بريطانيون سود
رياضيون بريطانيون مغتربون في اليونان
رياضيون من أصل قبرصي تركي
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري البرازيلي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري التركي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري المكسيكي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري اليوناني
لاعبو أولمبياكوس
لاعبو برايتون أند هوف ألبيون
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008
لاعبو بلاكبيرن روفرز
لاعبو بورصة سبور
لاعبو تولوز
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو دوري كرة القدم الإسكتلندي للمحترفين
لاعبو ديربي كاونتي
لاعبو شيفيلد يونايتد
لاعبو غلطة سراي
لاعبو فاينورد
لاعبو فنار باغجه
لاعبو فيرا كروز
لاعبو كرة قدم أتراك
لاعبو كرة قدم أتراك مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في البرازيل
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في المكسيك
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في هولندا
لاعبو كرة قدم قبرصيون شماليون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في البرازيل
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في المكسيك
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في اليونان
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في هولندا
لاعبو منتخب تركيا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب تركيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب تركيا لكرة القدم الرديف للرجال
لاعبو نادي باتشوكا
لاعبو نادي بوري
لاعبو نادي سلتيك
لاعبو نادي كوريتيبا
لاعبو نادي كورينثيانز
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1406 هـ
مواليد 1986
مواليد في لندن

كولن كاظم ريتشاردز


Yeah 3x ist ein Lied des US-amerikanischen Musikers Chris Brown. Es erschien am 25. Oktober 2010 in den USA als erste Single aus seinem vierten Studioalbum F.A.M.E., woraufhin es Platz 15 der Billboard Hot 100 erreichte. Nach der Veröffentlichung in Großbritannien im Januar 2011 stieg es dort bis auf Rang sechs. In Deutschland, wo der Titel im März erschien, erreichte er Position sieben und ist dort seit seiner Debütsingle "Run It!" aus dem Jahr 2005 die erfolgreichste Single Browns.

Hintergrund und Veröffentlichung

"Yeah 3x" wurde von Chris Brown, Justin Franks, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter und Calvin Harris geschrieben, wobei Franks unter seinem Künstlernamen DJ Frank E auch als Produzent wirkte. Das Lied wurde im The Record Plant, einem Tonstudio in Los Angeles, Kalifornien, aufgenommen, die Abmischung fand unter der Leitung von Serban Ghenea in den Mixstar Studios in Virginia Beach, Virginia statt.

Am 2. September 2010 postete Brown auf seinem Twitter-Account einen Eintrag, wonach ein Lied namens "Calypso", welches von Polow da Don produziert worden sei, als nächste Single nach "Deuces" erscheinen soll. "Deuces" war im Juni desselben Jahres als erste Single aus dem gemeinsamen Mixtape von Tyga und Brown, Fan of a Fan, erschienen. Aus unbekannten Gründen wurden die Pläne geändert und man wählte "Yeah 3x" als erste Single des bevorstehenden vierten Studioalbums aus. In einem Interview äußerte Brown sich für die Gründe einer Veröffentlichung des Liedes. So wollte er einen Titel auswählen, welcher besonders den Teil seiner Anhänger anspricht, die Fans seiner Popmusik seien. In letzter Zeit hätte er nämlich mithilfe seiner Mixtapes vor allem Hip-Hop-Musik veröffentlicht. Außerdem hätte das Lied ihn an seine 2008 weltweit erfolgreiche Single "Forever" erinnert. Während eines Chats mit seinen Fans auf der Website Ustream verriet Brown, dass die Single in 15 Minuten geschrieben wurde und dies "mühelos und spaßig" gewesen sei. "Es war ungefähr so wie bei "Forever" und ich hoffe, es gefällt euch".

Komposition
"Yeah 3x" wurde überwiegend als ein schnelles Dance-Pop-, Europop- und Electro-House-Lied beschrieben. Es sei zudem eine starke Basslinie durch den gesamten Song hindurch herauszuhören. Laut Sony/ATV Music Publishing spielt der Titel im Viervierteltakt im Tempo von 120 Schlägen pro Minute. Dabei ist er in der Tonart D-Dur verfasst worden. Das Lied sampelt einen Teil der Single "I'm Not Alone" von Calvin Harris. Bei Idolator beschrieb man das Lied als eine Mischung aus Browns Single "Forever" aus dem Jahr 2008 und "Bulletproof" von dem britischen Elektro-Pop-Duo La Roux. In einer Rezension für die Tageszeitung The Guardian hieß es jedoch, dass die Musik eher von dem Sound David Guettas inspiriert sei. Ein anderer Rezensent wiederum verglich das Lied mit der Musik Ushers, Taio Cruz', Jay Seans, Calvin Harris' und der Band The Black Eyed Peas.

Musikvideo

Hintergrund und Zusammenfassung
Das Video wurde von Colin Tilley in den Universal Studios gedreht. Kevin McCall, Teyana Taylor und Future Funk, ein Tanzduo bestehend aus zwei Kindern, welche durch ihren Auftritt bei America's Got Talent berühmt wurden, waren ebenfalls in dem Video zu sehen. Der Clip feierte am 21. Oktober 2010 bei MTV Premiere.

In der ersten Szene des Videos läuft Brown, offenbar bei Nacht, eine menschenleere Straße entlang. Anschließend wechselt die Kamera zu einer Szene, in der Brown mitten am Tag auf einen Lastwagen springt und dort akrobatische Bewegungen macht. Danach wird der Sänger von den Menschen seiner Umgebung entdeckt und es beginnt eine Art Tanzparty, an der scheinbar die gesamte Stadt teilnimmt. Zwischendurch werden vereinzelt Tanzszenen Browns auf der dunklen Straße gezeigt, die er in der ersten Sequenz betreten hatte. In den nächsten Szenen tanzt Brown zusammen mit der Menschenmasse durch die Straße, bevor er, auf einem Balkon eines Hauses stehend, singt. Danach wechselt das Video zu einem dunklen Marktplatz, wo jemand einen Hydranten öffnet und der Platz nassgespritzt wird. Nun tanzen die Menschen allesamt auf dem nassen Platz, auf dem auch Brown sich befindet. Nachdem zwischenzeitlich erneut die Balkonszene eingeblendet worden war, wechselt die Einstellung nun zum Ende des Clips erneut auf eine der Straßen, auf der Brown bereits am Anfang des Video getanzt hatte. Bis zum Ende wechselt die Perspektive nun zwischen der Balkonszene, der Szene auf dem nassen Marktplatz und der auf der trockenen Straße hin und her.

Rezeption
Ein Rezensent der Radiostation WXRK bewertete das Video mit sieben von zehn Sternen und schrieb, dass es in dem Video sehr viele choreografierte tänzerische Elemente gebe. Brown beweise mit dem Clip außerdem, dass er es "immer noch draufhat" und er jeden in der Nachbarschaft zum Tanzen bringe. Das Video sei besonders für Tanzfans geeignet. Brad Wete lobte das Video als "ernsthaft amüsant" und stellte fest, dass keinerlei übertriebene sexistische Dinge zu sehen seien. Robbie Daw verglich den Clip mit dem zu den Singles "The Way You Make Me Feel" von Michael Jackson sowie "Alright" von Janet Jackson und sagte abschließend, dass das Video zwar abgeleitet sei. Allerdings bemühe sich Brown auch ernsthaft, seine kommerzielle Attraktivität aufzupolieren. Das Magazin Billboard bezeichnete das Musikvideo als "kinderfreundlich".

Erfolg

Öffentliche Reaktionen

Rezeptionen
Amar Toor von AOL Radio nannte das Lied "tanzfreundlich" und bezeichnete es weiterhin als "perfekte Clubhymne, mit der man jeder Nacht einen lärmenden Beginn bescheren" könne. Ed Easton Jr. von der Radiostation WXRK war sich sicher, dass Brown mit dem Titel zurück an die spitze des Musikbusiness komme und stellte gewisse Ähnlichkeiten zwischen dem Lied und Browns Single "Forever" aus dem Jahr 2008 fest. In einer Rezension des Magazines Billboard hieß es, dass Browns Karriere zwar "seine Drehungen und Wendungen" gehabt hat, er mit "Yeah 3x" allerdings beweise, dass er immer noch einen Hit abliefern könne. Bei Yahoo! Music schrieb der Autor einer Rezension, dass das Lied ein "clubartiger Sommersong" sei. Allerdings sei die Single auch ein Lied, welches "jeder Sänger singen könne".

Auseinandersetzung mit Calvin Harris
Im Oktober 2010 behauptete der schottische Musikproduzent und DJ Calvin Harris auf seiner Twitter-Seite, dass Brown mit seinem Lied "Yeah 3x" seine Single "I'm Not Alone" aus dem Jahr 2009 plagiiere. Harris' Lied hatte seinerzeit unter anderem Platz eins der Charts in Großbritannien erreicht. Wörtlich schrieb er, dass er "sich heute Morgen an seinen Cornflakes verschluckt hat, als er die neue Chris-Brown-Single hörte". Nachdem er allerlei ausfällige Nachrichten von den Fans Browns bekam, rechtfertigte er sich wenige Stunden später für seinen Vorwurf. Nur weil er relativ unbekannt sei, sei stehlen immer noch stehlen. Dabei spiele es keine Rolle, wie bekannt man sei. Nur weil Brown überregionale Bekanntheit genieße, wäre es nicht in Ordnung, einen "Jungen aus Großbritannien abzuzucken, von dem viele Menschen noch nie etwas gehört haben". Als er später in einem Interview gefragt wurde, ob Brown ihn kenne, verneinte Harris dies. Allerdings würde der Produzent des Titels, DJ Frank E, ihn definitiv kennen. DJ Frank E hätte in seiner Vergangenheit Tiësto, welcher ebenfalls DJ ist, zusammengearbeitet. Tiësto wiederum fertigte 2009 auch einen Remix des Liedes "I'm Not Alone" an. Dies sei nach Meinung von Harris wahrscheinlich die Verbindung. Später führten Harris und Brown ein Gespräch, in dem letztgenannter gewissen Ähnlichkeiten von beiden Titeln zugab. Harris wird seitdem im Booklet des Albums als Songwriter des Liedes erwähnt.

Kommerzieller Erfolg

Das Lied ist eines der bisher erfolgreichsten Singles Browns und stieg international in vielen Ländern in die Top-10 ein. In Deutschland ist es mit Platz sieben hinter der Debütsingle des Sängers, "Run It!", aus dem Jahr 2005 die erfolgreichste Platzierung, genauso wie in der Schweiz. Im Vereinigten Königreich erreichte der Titel Rang sechs, was seit 2008 ("Forever") seine Höchstplatzierung dort ist. In den Billboard Hot 100 der USA schaffte er nicht den Einstieg in die Top-10 und erlangte lediglich Position 15. Dabei ist die Veröffentlichung auch die zweite von drei Singles von Brown, welche sich nicht in den Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs der USA platziert. Zuvor hatte nur "Forever" im Jahr 2008 sowie "Next 2 You" 2011 eine Platzierung in dieser Hitliste verfehlt.

Auszeichnungen für Musikverkäufe

Live-Auftritte
Am 29. März 2011 trat Brown in der US-amerikanischen Tanzshow Dancing with the Stars auf, seine gesangliche Darbietung war jedoch zuvor aufgenommen wurden. Er sang ein neben "Yeah 3x" noch ein Medley aus den Liedern "Forever" und "Beautiful People", welche er jedoch allesamt Playback vortrug. Für seinen Auftritt erntete Brown Standing Ovations von den Jurymitgliedern und den Zuschauern. Bereits vor Browns Besuch in der Show hatte es einige Kontroversen gegeben, da eine Teilnehmerin, die Tänzerin Cheryl Burke, sich negativ über den Besuch des Musikers äußerte. Da sie selbst ein Opfer häuslicher Gewalt sei, könne sie sich nicht damit einverstanden erklären, dass Brown, der im Februar 2009 seine damalige Freundin Rihanna körperlicher Gewalt ausgesetzt hatte, einen Auftritt in der Show hat. Auch Moderator Tom Bergeron zeigte sich wenig Begeistert über Browns Erscheinen. Er habe die Produzenten der Show darauf aufmerksam gemacht, dass es "möglicherweise ein Vorteil für sie wäre, wenn er Brown nicht interviewen müsse". Des Weiteren hätte er aufgrund seiner privaten Ansichten eine Neigung dazu, etwas zu dem Thema zu sagen. Falls man ihn zwinge, auf der Bühne ein Interview mit Brown zu führen, würde er den Vorfall aus 2009 und den, welcher wenige Tage zuvor stattfand, zur Sprache zu bringen. Dabei bezog er sich auf einen Vorfall, als er in der Show Good Morning America zu Gast war und dort ausgerastet war, als Gastgeberin Robin Robers ihn über Rihanna ausgefragt hatte. Dieser Vorfall hatte große mediale Berichterstattung nach sich gezogen, da man Brown vorwarf, nach all den Geschehnissen "nichts gelernt zu haben".

Am 15. Juli 2011 sang er den Titel vor 18.000 Zuschauern als Teil einer Konzertserie der The Today Show im Rockefeller Center in New York City. Zusätzlich trug er damals noch die Lieder "She Ain't You", "I Can Transform Ya" und "Forever" vor. Auch bei den MTV Video Music Awards 2011 trat Brown auf. Dabei eröffnete er seinen Auftritt mit "Yeah 3x", ehe er zu den Liedern "Protect Ya Neck" vom Wu-Tang Clan und "Smells Like Teen Spirit" von Nirvana zu tanzen begann. Zuletzt trug er noch das Lied "Beautiful People" vor. Bei der F.A.M.E. Tour befand sich die Single ebenfalls auf der Setlist.

Mitwirkende Personen
Quelle: Album-Booklet

 Songwriting – Chris Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter, Calvin Harris
 Produzent – DJ Frank E
 Abmischung – Serban Ghenea
 Toningenieur – John Hanes, Tim Roberts (Assistent)

Einzelnachweise

Lied 2010
Popsong
Dancesong
House-Lied
Chris-Brown-Lied
Lied von Chris Brown
Platin-Lied (Schweiz)
Platin-Lied (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Mehrfach-Platin-Lied (Vereinigte Staaten)

Yeah 3x


A number of religious groups, particularly Christians and Muslims, are involved in proselytization of Jews: Attempts to recruit or "missionize" Jews. In response, some Jewish groups have formed counter-missionary organizations to discourage missionary and messianic groups such as Jews for Jesus from using practices that they say are deceptive.

Christian missions

According to Rabbi Tovia Singer, counter-missionary expert and director of Outreach Judaism, there are well over 1,000 messianic congregations and other missions to the Jews worldwide.

Catholic Church:

The Catholic Church has historically been instrumental in its attempt to convert Jews . Such examples include conversos during the Inquisition, especially within Spain. However, since the Second Vatican Council and the production of the document Nostra aetate, the Catholic Church's attitude towards Jewish conversion has been that of condemnation. Pope Francis has made explicit bans on conversion attempts, stating "In concrete terms this means that the Catholic Church neither conducts nor supports any specific institutional mission work directed towards Jews," equating such attempts to antisemitism.

Protestantism:

A number of Christian denominations have programs to reach Jews. The JTA, a Jewish news service, conducted an extensive analysis of Christian efforts to convert Jews to Christianity and found that some of the largest evangelical denominations – the Southern Baptists, the Assemblies of God, and the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod – have all increased their efforts to evangelize Jews in the recent past.

The article states that the Christian missionary organization Jews for Jesus completed a five-year tour called "Behold Your God" that brought its message to 53 cities worldwide, and the Christian Chosen People Ministries saw its income grow by 31% to $7.9 million between 2003 and 2006.

Jews for Judaism, a Jewish counter-missionary group, writes that there are over 900 Christian groups in North America actively involved in missionizing the Jewish people. Jews for Judaism further states that these groups are currently spending over $250 million each year on efforts to convert Jews to Christianity. Jews for Jesus, the best known single ministry to the Jews, spent over $15 million in 2008. The Assemblies of God has an extensive organization targeting Jews for conversion to Christianity.

Israel has more than one hundred Messianic congregations according to Yaakov Shalom Ariel, an associate professor of religious studies at the University of North Carolina and author of Evangelizing The Chosen People.

A prominent effort to convert Jews to Christianity is known as Jews for Jesus. It was founded by Martin "Moishe" Rosen, a Jew who grew up in a non-observant home, converted to Christianity, and was ordained as a Baptist minister in 1957. In 1973, Rosen left the employment of the American Board of Missions to the Jews, now called Chosen People Ministries, to incorporate a separate mission which became known as Jews for Jesus. In 1986, he received an honorary Doctor of Divinity Degree from Western Conservative Baptist Seminary in Portland, Oregon. Jews for Jesus is now led by David Brickner, who has been working for the organization since 1977.

The 19th century saw at least 250,000 Jews convert to Christianity according to existing records of various societies. Data from the Pew Research Center has it that, as of 2013, about 1.6 million adult American Jews identify themselves as Christians; most as Protestants. According to the same data, most of the Jews who identify themselves as some sort of Christian (1.6 million) were raised as Jews or are Jews by ancestry. According to a 2012 study, 17% of Jews in Russia identify themselves as Christians.

Efforts to convert Jews to Christianity are sometimes regarded as antisemitic.  Most Progressive Christian and Mainline Christian denominations have publicly declared that they no longer proselytize Jews. Most evangelical and conservative Christian churches have said they will continue their efforts to evangelize among Jews and claim that proselytism is not antisemitic (even if some Jews disagree) .

Muslim missions
Muslims have also targeted Jews for conversion. Rabbi Moshe Cohen, of Yad L'Achim, an Israel-based counter-missionary organization, has identified Al Dawaa, an Israel-based Muslim group headed by Sheikh Abu Yassin of Kafr Manda.

Jewish response

Jewish counter-missionary organizations respond to these efforts by offering personal counseling, web sites with articles addressing common missionary tactics, and discussion forums where Jews who have questions about the differences between Judaism and other religions can be answered by observant Jews.

Some Jewish resources are specifically aimed at countering the missionary efforts aimed at Jews.

 Jews for Judaism is an international organization that provides a wide variety of counseling services, along with education, and outreach programs that enable Jews of all ages to rediscover and strengthen their Jewish heritage. Jews for Judaism has offices in Baltimore, Toronto, Los Angeles, Australia and South Africa. On their website, Jews for Judaism offers many articles discussing missionary tactics towards Jews, approaches by Mormons, Jehovah's Witnesses and various "proof texts" and other arguments often used by missionaries as they evangelize Jews.

 Outreach Judaism, a site run by Rabbi Tovia Singer. Outreach Judaism is an international organization that responds directly to the issues raised by missionaries and cults, by exploring Judaism in contradistinction to fundamentalist Christianity. Outreach Judaism provides full-time, multi-level informational resources.

 Beyneynu - בינינו, is founded by former Evangelical missionary Shannon Nuszen. Beyneynu is a non-profit organization that monitors missionary activity in Israel and abroad. Based in Israel, Beyneynu works with government and community leaders to raise awareness of Jewish evangelism, its danger to the Jewish people, and encourage safe and consistent boundaries in the interfaith relationships of Jewish communities worldwide.

 Kiruv Organization (Mizrachi) - an outreach organization founded in 1995 by Rabbi Yosef Mizrachi in New York for the purpose of teaching Torah to both secular and religious Jews.

Rabbi Moshe Shulman has responded to specific missionaries who target Jews, including Michael Brown, Rachmiel Frydland, Risto Santala, and David H. Stern (author of the Complete Jewish Bible). Rabbi Shulman's website offers scholarly articles on the mis-use of the Targums, Midrash and Talmud by non-Jews who quote from Jewish sources in an attempt to convert Jews.

The leading counter-missionary organization in Israel is Yad L'Achim, an organization focusing on Orthodox Judaism outreach and counter-missionary activity. Yad L'Achim is made up of both paid staff and volunteers, and is largely supported by donations both from Israel and the diaspora.

See also
 Apostasy in Judaism
 Baal teshuva
 Jewish polemics and apologetics in the Middle Ages
 Jewish views on religious pluralism
 Judaism's view of Jesus
 David Klinghoffer

References

Further reading

 Let's Get Biblical!: Why doesn't Judaism Accept the Christian Messiah? (Volume 1), by Tovia Singer (RNBN),
 Let's Get Biblical!: Why doesn't Judaism Accept the Christian Messiah? (Volume 2), by Tovia Singer (RNBN),
 Evangelizing the chosen people: missions to the Jews in America, 1880–2000 by Ariel, Yaakov Shalom (The University of North Carolina Press)
 Evangelizing the Chosen People: Missions to the Jews in America, by Ariel, Yaakov Shalom (the University of North Carolina Press),
 Twenty-Six Reasons Why Jews Don't Believe in Jesus by Asher Norman (Black White and Read Publishing)
 Why the Jews Rejected Jesus: The Turning Point in Western History by David Klinghoffer (Doubleday)
 The Jewish response to missionaries: Counter-missionary handbook by Bentzion Kravitz (Jews for Judaism) ASIN: B0006RRKJG
 V'Da Mah SheTashiv: Know What To Answer (To Missionaries) A Thorough Jewish response To Missionaries by Ben Solomon (Outskirts Press)  Available on Amazan https://www.amazon.com/VDa-Mah-SheTashiv-Missionaries-Thorough/dp/1598009346 and Barnes and Noble http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Vda-Mah-Shetashiv/Ben-Soloman/e/9781598009347/?itm=1&USRI=mah+shetashiv web sites
 You Take Jesus, I'll Take God: How to Refute Christian Missionaries by Samuel Levine (Hamoroh Press)
 Coming Full Circle: A Jewish Woman's Journey through Christianity and Back by Penina Taylor (Hatikva Books)

External links
 The Committee for Good Relations
 Judaism's Answer

Conversion of Jews to Christianity
Jewish apologetics
Jewish counter-missionaries
Jewish outreach
Anti-Judaism

Proselytization and counter-proselytization of Jews


Expoziția Tinerimii artistice din anul 1905 a fost cea de a patra manifestare expozițională a Societății Tinerimea artistică. Deschiderea ei s-a făcut în primăvara anului 1905 la Ateneul Român din București și i-a avut ca principali actori pe Constantin Aricescu, Ștefan Luchian, Ipolit Strâmbulescu, Kimon Loghi, Ștefan Popescu, Arthur Verona, Nicolae Grant, Nicolae Vermont, Gheorghe Petrașcu, Frederic Storck, Ludovic Bassarab și Oscar Späthe. Societatea l-a avut ca invitat pe Iosif Iser.

Deschiderea manifestării

Cea de a patra expoziție a societății din anul 1905 a fost primită cu rezervă de către o mulțime de publicații ale vremii și mai ales cu dezinteres de către amatorii de artă și de colecționari. Dezinteresul a rezultat din faptul că sub impulsul social reprezentat de creșterea mișcării sindicaliste și a declanșării masive a grevelor muncitorești, artiștii au creat opere în care au prezentat pe lângă case de mahala și peisaje pitorești și numeroase portrete și scene de gen din viața oamenilor simpli. Elocvente au fost Chivuțele din Piața Mare a lui Steriadi, Iarna la mahala a lui Ipolit Strâmbu, Car cu boi a lui Nicolae Vermont, Pâinea de toate zilele a lui Arthur Verona și Țărăncuțele lui Ștefan Luchian. Luchian avea să realizeze în acel an și celebrul După muncă, spre casă.

Lucrări și participanți
Din cronica lui C.I. Prodan din revista Literatură și artă din anul 1905, au rezultat principalii expozanți după cum urmează:
 Principesa Maria - cu lucrări de artă aplicată și trei portrete realizate în creion ale copiilor ei.
 Constantin Aricescu - invitat, cu două tablouri cu peisaje și apusuri ce se reflectă pe lacuri liniștite la margine de pădure.
 Ludovic Bassarab, Cecilia Cuțescu-Storck, caricaturistul Iosif Iser, arhitectul Petre Antonescu și mulți alții.
 Constantin Artachino - cu Crizanteme, Fructe, Portretul dnei E.A. și mai multe peisaje dintre care s-a remarcat Din parcul de la Tei.

 Nicolae Grant - cu o serie de acuarele care înfățișau interioare de biserici și trei tablouri în tehnica uleiului. A fost menționat cel intitulat Peisaj de primăvară.
 Ștefan Luchian - cu Un țăran cu boi care a fost parte a unei achiziții și Popasul. A mai avut tipuri rurale și peisaje depe valea Roșioarei.
 George Mărculescu - a prezentat picturi de aceeași factură cum era cunoascut, cu interioare calme și liniștite.
 Gheorghe Petrașcu - a adus picturi în care a reprezentat impresii de călătorie De la Mangalia, Ruine de poartă de la Sorrento, case, Un colț din plajă - Geamia, o vedere, Hotelul Minerva, Seară de vară și Don Bacio.
 Ștefan Popescu - cu două tablouri cu peisaje în zile ploiase, Portret și Zi de vară.
 Jean Alexandru Steriadi - cu Chivuțe în piața mare, vederi din piața St. Sulpice cu birje cu cai blegi care staționează.
 Ipolit Strâmbulescu - cu o serie de ciobănași.
 Arthur Verona - cu Efect de seară, Mohamed II pe valea Dâmboviței și Pe malul Prutului.
 Kimon Loghi - a prezentat tablouri decorative ca Elohi, Elohi, Iama Savachtani ce era realizat într-o atmosferă întunecată cu nori grei și plumburii; Golgota la orizont cu un Christ răstignit pe un fundal de aură de luminoasă și Fructul oprit în care a figurat o Evă modernă îmbrăcată în veșminte de culoare roz care întinde o mână pentru a lua un măr. A mai expus compoziții cu peisaje ca Pe drum de seară, Marină și Chiparoși de influență böklineană.
 Frederic Storck - cu o serie de plachete în basorelief, Oscar Späthe cu Dor timpuriu din marmură și Dimitrie Mirea.

Faptul că o categorie dintre artiști au intrat în tematica socială a avut o consecință oficială imediată. Astfel, Ministerul Cultelor și Instrucțiunii nu a mai cumpărat lucrări direct din expoziție și să lase  comitetul de conducere al Tinerimii artistice să discearnă alegerea tablourilor și evaluarea prețurilor, ci a creat o comisie ministerială în acest sens.

Cu toate că la propunerea societății de a reprezenta România la cea de a IX-a Expoziție internațională de la Munchen, ministerul și-a dat acceptul, acesta a decis să achiziționeze lucrări de la expozițiile Cercului artistic, tocmai pentru a sprijini această societate care a reînceput să organizeze manifestările anuale obișnuite. Despre participarea Tinerimii la expoziția de la Munchen nu au rămas informații, deoarece presa s-a mulțumit doar să o consemneze, fără a face cronică.

Ministerul Cultelor a instituit așa numita Casa Artelor ce a funcționat ca o direcție specială al cărei scop principal era să se ocupe de toate manifestările artistice. În consecință, presiunile făcute de autorități și reticența oamenilor bogați față de tematica realist critică luată din clasa oamenilor nefericiți și exploatați vor greva manifestările ulterioare ale Tinerimii artistice.

Referințe

Bibliografie
Petre Oprea: Societăți artistice bucureștene, Editura Meridiane, București, 1969, pag. 41 - 57

Lectură suplimentară
Petre Oprea - Artiști participanți la expozițiile Societății Tinerimea Artistică (1902-1947), Ed. Maiko, București, 2006

Legături externe

@ 1905 Tinerimea artistică
@ 1905
1905 în România


Vandervoort est un village situé dans l'État américain de l'Arkansas, dans le comté de Polk.

Histoire

Économie

Géographie

Démographie

Notes et références

Town en Arkansas
Comté de Polk (Arkansas)

Vandervoort (Arkansas)


Hanno Antonovits Selg (* 31. Mai 1932 in Tartu; † 2. Oktober 2019) war ein sowjetischer Moderner Fünfkämpfer und estnischer Hochschullehrer.

Leben
Hanno Selg war zunächst als Skisportler aktiv. Im Rahmen der Meisterschaften der Estnischen SSR gewann er 1952 eine Silbermedaille in der 4-mal-10-km-Staffel und eine Bronzemedaille im Slalom. Ab 1953 widmete sich Selg verstärkt dem Modernen Fünfkampf und konnte bis 1965 sechs Meistertitel der Estnischen SSR in dieser Sportart erringen. Hinzu kamen ein Einzeltitel im Fechten sowie ein Titel im Winter-Pentathlon. 1960 wurde Selg sowjetischer Meister im Modernen Fünfkampf und wurde daraufhin für die Olympischen Spiele in Rom nominiert. Dort gewann er im Mannschaftswettbewerb die Silbermedaille und belegte im Einzelwettkampf den zehnten Rang. 1960 wurde er zudem zum Sportler des Jahres in der Estnischen SSR gekürt. 1965 beendete er seine aktive Laufbahn und arbeitete bis 1979 als Trainer und Schiedsrichter im Modernen Fünfkampf.

Von 1979 bis 1994 unterrichtete Selg an der Universität Tartu. Seit 1995 war er Inhaber eines privaten Busunternehmens, das seine Dienstleistungen im Nahverkehr von Tartu anbietet.

Weblinks

 Sportliche Erfolge und Foto (estnisch)

Einzelnachweise

Moderner Fünfkämpfer (Sowjetunion)
Olympiateilnehmer (Sowjetunion)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1960
Hochschullehrer (Universität Tartu)
Unternehmer (Dienstleistung)
Unternehmer (Estland)
Sowjetbürger
Este
Geboren 1932
Gestorben 2019
Mann
Sportler des Jahres (Estland)

Hanno Selg


Turska književnost (tur. Türk literatürü) obuhvaća usmene kompozicije i pisane tekstove na turkijskim jezicima. Osmanski i azerski oblici turskog jezika, koji čine osnovu većeg dijela pismenog korpusa, bili su pod velikim utjecajem perzijske i arapske literature, i koristili su otomansku tursku abecedu.

Povijest šire turske književnosti obuhvaća razdoblje od skoro 1300 godina. Najstariji postojeći zapisi pisanog turskog jezika su Orhonovi natpisi, pronađeni u dolini rijeke Orhon u središnjoj Mongoliji i datiraju iz 7. stoljeća. Nakon tog razdoblja, između 9. i 11. stoljeća, među nomadskim turkijskim narodima središnje Azije nastala je tradicija usmenih epova, poput knjige Dede Korkut Turaka Oguza - jezičkih i kulturnih predaka modernog turskog naroda — i Kirgiza ep Manas.

Počevši od pobjede Seldžuka u bitci kod Manzikerta krajem 11. stoljeća, Turci Oguzi počeli su naseljavati se u Anatoliji, a pored ranijih usmenih predaja nastala je i pisana književna tradicija koja je proizlazila u velikoj mjeri - u smislu tema, žanrova i stilova - iz arapske i perzijske literature. Slijedećih 900 godina, sve do pada Otomanskog Carstva 1922. godine, usmena i pisana tradicija ostale su uglavnom odvojene jedna od druge. Osnivanjem Republike Turske 1923. godine, dvije tradicije prvi put su se spojile.

Književnost nove republike proizašla je velikim dijelom iz pokreta nacionalne književnosti prije neovisnosti, sa svojim korijenima istodobno u turskoj narodnoj tradiciji i u zapadnom pojmu napretka. Jedna važna promjena u turskoj književnosti donesena je 1928., kada je Mustafa Kemal inicirao nastanak i širenje modificirane verzije latinice, koja bi zamijenila osmansko pismo bazirano na arapskom. S vremenom je ova promjena, zajedno s promjenama u turskom obrazovnom sustavu, dovela do šire pismenosti u zemlji.

Orhan Pamuk (dobitnik Nobelove nagrade za književnost 2006.) i Elif Šafak među najvećim su turskim romanopiscima današnjice. Njihove knjige prevedene su i na hrvatski jezik.

Izvori

Turska
Turska umjetnost

Turska književnost


Marija Jovanović (født 26. december 1985 i Titograd, SFR Jugoslavien) er en tidligere kvindelig montenegrinsk håndboldspiller, som senest i 2019 spillede for ungarske Ferencváros TC og Montenegros kvindehåndboldlandshold.

Karriere
Jovanović spillede to år i Medicinar Šabac, før hun skiftede til den montenegrinske storklub  i 2006. Efter fem år i klubben, med seks seriemesterskaber og seks cupguld, flyttede hun til Rumænien og Vâlceaklubben . Jovanović tog to seriemesterskaber med Oltchim, før hun i 2013 skrev kontrakt med den russiske klub Astrakhanotsjka. Der blev hun kun i én sæson, før hun skiftede til den franske hovedstadsklub .

Meritter

Budućnost
 Montenegrinsk seriemester: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
 Montenegrinsk cupmester: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
 Regional liga:
 Guld 2010, 2011
 Sølv 2009
 Cupvinnercupen: 2006, 2010

Oltchim
 Rumænsk seriemester: 2012, 2013
 Rumænsk supercupmester: 2011

Landsholdet
 Håndbold-EM 2012:
 Sommer-OL 2012:

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

 Official site of Marija Jovanović

Håndboldspillere fra Montenegro
Personer fra Podgorica
Håndboldspillere fra Ferencváros TC (håndbold)
Håndboldspillere ved sommer-OL 2012
Olympiske sølvmedaljevindere fra Montenegro
Medaljevindere ved sommer-OL 2012

Marija Jovanović


6392 Takashimizuno este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
6392 Takashimizuno este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Kani de Yoshikane Mizuno și Toshimasa Furuta. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,22 ua, o excentricitate de 0,13 și o înclinație de 17,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 6001-7000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1990
Centura de asteroizi

6392 Takashimizuno


127 (one hundred [and] twenty-seven') is the natural number following 126 and preceding 128. It is also a prime number.

 In mathematics
As a Mersenne prime, 127 is related to the perfect number 8128. 127 is also the largest known Mersenne prime exponent for a Mersenne number, , which is also a Mersenne prime. It was discovered by Édouard Lucas in 1876 and held the record for the largest known prime for 75 years.
 is the largest prime ever discovered by hand calculations as well as the largest known double Mersenne prime.
 Furthermore, 127 is equal to , and 7 is equal to , and 3 is the smallest Mersenne prime, making 7 the smallest double Mersenne prime and 127 the smallest triple Mersenne prime.
There are a total of 127 prime numbers between 2,000 and 3,000.
127 is also a cuban prime of the form ,  . The next prime is 131, with which it comprises a cousin prime. Because the next odd number, 129, is a semiprime, 127 is a Chen prime. 127 is greater than the arithmetic mean of its two neighboring primes; thus, it is a strong prime.
127 is a centered hexagonal number.
It is the seventh Motzkin number.
127 is a palindromic prime in nonary and binary.
127 is the first Friedman prime in decimal. It is also the first nice Friedman number in decimal, since , as well as binary since  .
127 is the sum of the sums of the divisors of the first twelve positive integers.
127 is the smallest prime that can be written as the sum of the first two or more odd primes: .
127 is the smallest odd number that cannot be written in the form , for  is a prime number, and  is an integer, since       and  are all composite numbers.
127 is an isolated prime where neither  nor  is prime.
127 is the smallest digitally delicate prime in binary.
127 is the 31st prime number and therefore it is the smallest Mersenne prime with a Mersenne prime index.
127 is the largest number with the property  where  is the th prime number. There are only two numbers with that property; the other one is 43.
127 is equal to  where  is the th prime number.
127 is the number of non-equivalent ways of expressing 10,000 as the sum of two prime numbers

In the military
  was a Mission Buenaventura-class fleet oilers during World War II
  was a United States Navy transport ship
  was a United States Navy
  was a United States Navy  in World War II
  was a United States Navy
  was a United States Navy  for removing naval mines

In religion
 The biblical figure Sarah died at the age of 127.
 According to the Book of Esther, the Persian Empire under Ahasuerus consisted of 127 provinces "from India to Ethiopia".
 Havamal Stanza 127 is used as a declaration against folkish traditions of Heathenry and specifically the Asatru Folk Assembly.

In transportation
 The small Fiat 127 automobile
 London Buses route 127 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London
 127 is the number of many roads, including U.S. Route 127
 STS-127 was a Space Shuttle Endeavour mission to the International Space Station which launched on June 15, 2009
In other fields
 127 Hours is a film released in 2010
 The year AD 127 or 127 BC
 127 AH is a year in the Islamic calendar that corresponds to 744 – 745 CE
 127 Johanna, a Main belt asteroid
 127 film, a film format
 The atomic number of Unbiseptium, an element that has not yet been discovered
 The LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin, a dirigible
 Sonnet 127 by William Shakespeare
 127th Street Ensemble was a troupe of African-American actors which included Tupac Amaru Shakur
 NCT 127, K-pop boy group under SM Entertainment
 In IP (Internet Protocol) Version 4, it is the last Class A network and is also the subnet used for loopback functionality in computer networking
 The highest signed 8-bit integer, using two's complement
 The non-printable "Delete" (DEL) control character in ASCII.
 Linotype (and Intertype) machines used brass matrices with one of 127 possible combinations punched into the top to enable the matrices to return to their proper channel in the magazine.
 127 is the smallest positive integer, n, such that n centimeters is a whole number of inches. 127 cm is exactly 50 inches.

 See also
 127th (disambiguation)
 List of highways numbered 127
 United Nations Security Council Resolution 127

References

 Wells, D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers'' London: Penguin Group. (1987): 136 - 138

Integers

127 (number)


ඉස්ලාමීය දිනදසුන හෙවත් හිජ්රි දිනදසුන (; at-taqwīm al-hijrī; පෙර්සියන්: تقویم هجری قمری  taqwīm-e hejri-ye qamari) චන්ද්‍ර දිනදසුනකි. මෙහි වසරකට මාස 12ක් සහ දින 354 හෝ 355 තිබිය හැකි.

මාසය
ඉස්ලාමීය මාස:
 මුහර්රම්
 සෆර්
 රබිඋල් අව්වල්
 රබිඋල් දානි
 ජුමාද් අල් අව්වල්
 ජුමාද් අල් දානි
 රජාබ්
 ශහ්බාන්
 රමළාන් (රාමසාන්)
 ශාව්වාල්
 ධුල් හිදා
 ධුල් හජ්ජා

සටහන්

බාහිර සබැඳි
 (Prayer Times for Cities the Worldover)
 UrduCalendar.com (Islamic_Gregorian calendar) website
 Moonsighting.com website
 Helmer Aslaksen: The Islamic calendar
 Moonsighting.com: Selected articles on the Islamic calendar
 Khalid Chraibi: Issues in the Islamic Calendar, Tabsir.net
 Khalid Chraibi: Towards a global Islamic calendar, SaudiDebate.com
 Islamic Months - Significance and Blessed Months
 Hijri Calendar
 Mahdavia Calendar for North America
 HilalSighting.org website

දින පරිවර්තක
 Islamic/Greogrian Calendar for iPhone and iPod Touch
 Islamic/Hebrew Calendar for iPhone and iPod Touch
 Gregorian-Hijri Dates Converter (and vice-versa)

ආශ්‍රිත
 ඉස්ලාම් දිනදසුන

ඉස්ලාම් දිනදසුන

ඉස්ලාමීය දිනදසුන


Den portugisiske synagoge i Amsterdam, også kaldet Esnoga, ligger i gaden Visserplein, i nærheden af det historiske centrum i Amsterdam, lige ved siden af Det jødiske historiske museum i Amsterdam. Ejendommen er opført i 1600-tallet under den Nederlandske guldalder for det sefardiske trossamfund Talmud Tora (Det portugisisk-israelittiske trossamfundet i Amsterdam). Efter 2. verdenskrig og Holocaust skrumpede menigheden ind til 700 medlemmer.

Synagoger
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Amsterdam
Etableret i 1675

Den portugisiske synagoge i Amsterdam


Lars Aslan Rasmussen (født 31. oktober 1978 i København) er en dansk politiker, der var medlem af Folketinget for Socialdemokraterne fra 4. april 2016, hvor han afløste Helle Thorning-Schmidt, til november 2022. Tidligere (i 2002) var han landsformand for Socialistisk Folkepartis Ungdom.

Historie
Aslan er født og opvokset på Nørrebro i København. Han er søn af en dansk mor og en kurdisk far. Han blev uddannet som speciallærer i 2005 på Blaagaard Seminarium.

Aslan har været medlem af Københavns Borgerrepræsentation fra 2006 til 2016. Han var opstillet til Folketinget i Nørrebrokredsen (Københavns Storkreds) ved folketingsvalget i 2015 og blev førstesuppleant for Socialdemokratiet i storkredsen. Han afløste derfor Helle Thorning-Schmidt da hun blev direktør for International Red Barnet i april 2016. Han blev efterfølgende genvalgt ved folketingsvalget 2019, men opnåede ikke genvalg ved det følgende folketingsvalg i november 2022.

I 2012 modtog han prisen "Årets laks" for sit arbejde for homoseksuelles rettigheder.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Lars Aslans officielle hjemmeside

Personer fra Nørrebro
Lærere fra Danmark
Tidligere folketingsmedlemmer fra Socialdemokraterne
Folketingsmedlemmer i 2010'erne
Tidligere medlemmer af Københavns Borgerrepræsentation fra Socialdemokraterne

Lars Aslan Rasmussen


Ernst Eduard Kummer (29 Ocak 1810 - 14 Mayıs 1893) bir Alman matematikçiydi. Uygulamalı matematik konusunda yetenekli olan Kummer, Alman ordusu subaylarını balistik konusunda eğitti; daha sonra, Leopold Kronecker'in matematik kariyerine ilham verdiği, lisenin Almanca karşılığı olan gymnasium'da 10 yıl öğretmenlik yaptı.

Yaşamı

Kummer, daha sonra Prusya'nın bir parçası olan Sorau, Brandenburg'da doğdu. Ödüllü bir matematik makalesi (De cosinuum et sinuum potestatibus secundum cosinus et sinus arcuum multiplicium evolvendis) yazdığı için  1831'de Halle Üniversitesi'nden doktorasını aldı ve makalesi bir yıl sonra yayınlandı.

1840 yılında Kummer, Nathan Mendelssohn ve Henriette Itzig'in kızı Ottilie Mendelssohn ile evlendi. Ottilie, Felix Mendelssohn'un kuzeni ve kız kardeşi Rebecca Mendelssohn Bartholdy ise matematikçi Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet'in eşiydi. İkinci karısı (1848'de Ottilie'nin ölümünden kısa bir süre sonra evlendiği) Bertha Cauer, Ottilie'nin anne tarafından kuzeniydi. Genel olarak, 13 çocuğu vardı. Kızı Marie, matematikçi Hermann Schwarz ile evlendi. Kummer 1890'da öğretmenlikten ve matematikten emekli oldu ve üç yıl sonra Berlin'de öldü.

Matematik
Kummer farklı alanlarda matematiğe çeşitli katkılarda bulunmuştur; bitişiklik ilişkileri olarak bilinen farklı hipergeometrik seriler arasındaki ilişkilerin bazılarını sistemleştirdi. Kummer yüzeyi, döngüsel grup {1, -1} (erken orbifold tarafından iki boyutlu bir abelyen varyete bölümünün alınmasından kaynaklanır: 16 tekil noktaya sahiptir ve geometrisi yoğun bir şekilde 19. yüzyılda incelenmiştir).

Kummer ayrıca önemli bir asal üsler sınıfı için Fermat'ın Son Teoremi'ni kanıtladı (bkz. düzenli asal, ideal sınıf grubu). "İdeal" terimi Kummer tarafından icat edilmiş olmasına rağmen, yöntemleri daha sonra anlaşıldığı gibi ideal teoriden çok p-sel olanlara daha yakındı. Daha sonra cisimlerin Kummer uzantıları olarak adlandırılan kavramı inceledi: yani, zaten ilkel birin n. kökünü içeren bir cisme ninci bir kök eklenerek oluşturulan uzantılar. Bu, ikinci dereceden uzantılar teorisinin ve kuadratik biçimlerin cins teorisinin (sınıf grubunun 2-burulmasına bağlı) önemli bir uzantısıdır. Bu nedenle, sınıf cisim teorisi için hala temel niteliğindedir.

Kummer, balistik alanında daha fazla araştırma yaptı ve William Rowan Hamilton ile birlikte ışın sistemlerini araştırdı.

Yayınları

Ayrıca bakınız

 Kummer yapılandırması
 Kummer uyumu
 Kummer serisi
 Kummer teorisi
 Kummer teoremi, binom katsayıları asal-kuvvet bölenleri hakkında
 Kummer fonksiyonu
 Hüzün toplamı
 Kummer varyetesi
 Kummer–Vandiver varsayımı
 Kummer dizi dönüşümü
 İdeal sayı
 Düzenli asal
 Yansıma teoremi
 Asıllaştırma
 25628 Kummer – adını Ernst Kummer'den alan asteroit

Notlar

Kaynakça
 Eric Temple Bell, Men of Mathematics, Simon and Schuster, New York: 1986.
 R. W. H. T. Hudson, Kummer's Quartic Surface, Cambridge, [1905] rept. 1990.
 "Ernst Kummer," in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, ed. C. Gillispie, NY: Scribners 1970–90.

Dış bağlantılar

1810 doğumlular
1893 yılında ölenler
19. yüzyıl Alman matematikçileri
Alman matematikçiler
Sayı teorisyenleri
Alman Lüterciler
Berlin Humboldt Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
Berlin Teknik Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
Mendelssohn ailesi
Fransız Bilimler Akademisi üyeleri
Royal Society'nin yabancı üyeleri
St Petersburg Bilimler Akademisi'nin muhabir üyeleri

Eduard Kummer


John Anthony Gibson (auch John A. Gibson oder Johnny Gibson; * 3. Juli 1905 in Greenwich Village, New York City, Vereinigte Staaten; † 29. Dezember 2006 in Newton, New Jersey, Vereinigte Staaten) war ein US-amerikanischer Leichtathlet und Olympiateilnehmer.

Gibson wurde 1905 in New York City geboren, verbrachte aber den größten Teil seines Lebens in Bloomfield (New Jersey). 1928 hatte er sein Studium in Business Administration an der Fordham University erfolgreich abgeschlossen, dort hatte er 1927 mit 52,6 Sekunden einen Weltrekord auf der 440-Yards-Hürdenstrecke aufgestellt. Im  Jahr 1928 gehörte er der Leichtathletikmannschaft seines Landes bei den Sommerolympiade 1928 in Amsterdam an, dort wurde er Vierter in einem der Halbfinalläufe auf der 400-Meter-Hürdenstrecke und verpasste damit den Endlauf. Aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen gab er nach der Olympiade 1928 seine eigene Leistungssportkarriere auf und arbeitete als Trainer. Er war von 1945 bis 1972 Cheftrainer der Leichtathletikmannschaft der Seton Hall University. Neben seinen Erfolgen als Leichtathletiksportler und -trainer wurde er auch als Funktionär und Gründungsmitglied des Leichtathletikverbandes von New Jersey (New Jersey Track and Field Officials Association) bekannt und war bei Universitätswettkämpfen an der Ostküste und auch bei den Millrose Games im Madison Square Garden tätig. Er wurde als Mitglied in mehrere Halls of Fame aufgenommen, darunter in die der Fordham University, der Seton Hall University, der Helms Hall, N.J. Sports Authority, Garden State und Bloomfield. Gibson war 67 Jahre verheiratet mit der bereits 1997 verstorbenen Dorothy Croughan, mit der er zwei Söhne und drei Töchter hatte. Gibson selbst verstarb im Alter von 101 Jahren.

Einzelnachweise

3000-Meter-Hindernisläufer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1928
US-Amerikaner
Person (New York City)
Geboren 1905
Gestorben 2006
Hundertjähriger
Mann

John Gibson (Leichtathlet)


The Consolidated TBY Sea Wolf was a United States Navy torpedo bomber of World War II. A competitor and contemporary to the Grumman TBF Avenger, the Sea Wolf was subject to substantial delays and never saw combat; only 180 of the type were built before cancellation after VJ Day.

Design and development

The original design was not by Consolidated Aircraft, but rather by Vought, who designed the then XTBU-1 Sea Wolf to a 1939 US Navy requirement. The first prototype flew two weeks after Pearl Harbor. Its performance was deemed superior to the Avenger and the Navy placed an order for 1,000 examples.

Several unfortunate incidents intervened; the prototype was damaged in a rough arrested landing trial, and when repaired a month later was again damaged in a collision with a training aircraft. Once repaired again, the prototype was accepted by the Navy. However, by this time Vought was heavily overcommitted to other contracts, especially for the F4U Corsair fighter, and had no production capacity. It was arranged that Consolidated-Vultee would produce the aircraft (as the TBY), but this had to wait until the new production facility in Allentown, Pennsylvania, was complete, which took until late 1943.

Operational history

The production TBYs were radar-equipped, with a radome under the right-hand wing. The first aircraft flew on 20 August 1944. By this time though, the Avenger equipped every torpedo squadron in the Navy, and there was no need for the Sea Wolf; in addition, numerous small problems delayed entry into service. Orders were cancelled after production started, and the 180 built were used for training.

Variants
XTBU-1 Sea Wolf
Prototype three-seat torpedo bomber powered by a R-2800-22 engine, one built.
TBY-1 Sea Wolf
Production variant of the XTBU-1, not built.
TBY-2 Sea Wolf
TBY-1 with an additional radar pod mounted under starboard-wing, 180 built, a further 920 were cancelled.
TBY-3 Sea Wolf
Improved variant, order for 600 cancelled, not built.

Specifications (TBY-2 Sea Wolf)

See also

References

Notes

Further reading
Ginter, Steve, Bill Chana and Phil Prophett. Vought XTBU-1 & TBY-2 Sea Wolf (Naval Fighters number Thirty-Three). Simi Valley, CA: Ginter Books, 1995 . .

External links

 TBY Seawolf at Brown Shoe Navy
 TBY Seawolf at Dave's Warbirds
 AirToAirCombat.Com: Vought TBU-1 Sea Wolf

TBY
TBU
1940s United States bomber aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
World War II torpedo bombers of the United States
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1941

Consolidated TBY Sea Wolf


Hilye, hilye-i şerîf, hilye-i saâdet ya da hilye-i nebî, Osmanlı hattatlarca 17. yüzyılda geliştirilen bir süsleme sanatı. Kelime anlamı olarak süs, ziynet, güzellik gibi anlamlara gelen hilye bunların yanında suret, sıfat, hilkat gibi anlamlar da taşımaktadır. Evlere hilye asılmasının ev halkını hastalıktan ve kötülükten koruyacağına  dair bir inanış olmasına rağmen bu doğru değildir.

Gelişimi
Hilye aslen Muhammed bin Abdullah'ı görenlerin göremeyenlere onu anlatımlarıdır. Bu anlatımlar içerisinde Ali ve Enes bin Mâlik gibi ilk müslümanların anlatımları önemli bir yer tutar. İslam adetleri Muhammed'in resminin çizilmesini hoşgörmediğinden dolayı onu sözle tasvir etme yöntemi tercih edilmiş ve hilye geniş bir kullanım alanı bulmuştur. Osmanlı'da hattatlar bu anlatımları süslü bir biçimde levhalara işleyerek hilyeyi sanat haline getirmişlerdir.

Bilindiği kadarıyla tarihteki levha halindeki ilk hilyenin hattatının Hâfız Osman olduğu görüşü kabul görmektedir. En çok yazılan hilye ise Tirmizi'ye ait olan Şemail'de geçen Ali bin Ebu Talib tasviridir. Büyük ebatlarda ilk büyük hilye yazarının ise Kazasker Mustafa İzzet Efendi olduğu bilinmektedir. Türkiye'de şimdiye dek satılan en yüksek bedelli hilyenin yazarıysa 1.150.000 TL ile yine Kazasker Mustafa İzzet Efendi'dir.

Bölümleri
Toplamda sekiz bölümün bulunduğu hilye dört ana bölümden oluşur. Bunlar "başmakam", "göbek", "kuşak" ve "etek"tir. Diğer dört bölüm ise ana bölümleri tamamlayıcı olarak işlev görürler.

Başmakam
Hilyenin en üst kısmında yer alan bu bölümde besmele yer alır.

Kuşak
Bu bölümde Muhammed ile ilgili kısa bir ayet bulunur. Bu ayet genellikle Enbiya Suresi'nin 107. ayeti yani "biz alemlere ancak rahmet olarak gönderdik" kısmı bulunur. Ancak bazı hilyelerde bu kısma "ey habibim sen olmasaydın kâinatı yaratmazdım" manasına gelen "levlâke levlâk lema halakatu'l-eflâk" hadisi de yazılırdı.

Göbek
Hilye metninin en uzun bölümünün yerleştirildiği bu bölüm yuvarlak veya ovaldir. Muhammed ile ilgili anlatımların yer aldığı bölümde şu bilgiler bulunur:

Etek
Göbek kısmına sığmayan hilye metninin devamı bu bölüme yazılır. Metnin son satırında ise hilye yazarının adı ve hilyenin yazılış tarihi yer alır.

Diğer bölümler
Ana bölümlerin dışında kalan bu dört bölüm göbeğin etrafında yer alan dört daire şeklindedir. Çoğunlukla dört halifenin yazıldığı bu dört bölümde kimi zaman Muhammed'in dört ismi yer alır.

Ayrıca bazı hattatlar hilyelerinde dört yerine altı daireye yer verir. Bu fazladan iki daireye ise Muhammed'in torunları olan Hasan ile Hüseyin'in ismi yazılır.

Değerlendirmeler
Hilye içeriğinin birkaç yüzyıl sözlü olarak devam eden hadis ve rivayet kültürüne dayalı olması anlatımlardaki içeriğin özgünlüğü ve gerçekliği konusunda hadis ve siyerin içeriği ile aynı sakıncaları taşımaları sonucunu doğurmaktadır.

Kaynakça

Özel

Genel

Hüsn-i hat
İslam kültürü
Hadisler
Muhammed'in kültürel tasvirleri

Hilye


Nuevo Mundo Israelita es un periódico judío publicado en Caracas, Venezuela. Originalmente fue fundado en el año 1943 por Moisés Sananes, con el nombre de El Mundo Israelita, semanario que se publicó hasta 1973. Ese año, debido al estado de salud y avanzada edad de Sananes, las principales instituciones judías de Venezuela decidieron fusionarlo con el periódico mensual Unión (de la Unión Israelita de Caracas) y las revistas Maguén (de la Asociación Israelita de Venezuela) y Menorá (de la Fraternidad Hebrea B'nai B'rith) para crear un nuevo medio institucional, Nuevo Mundo Israelita. Como semanario circuló gratuitamente hasta 2017 en la comunidad judía de Venezuela, así como entre periodistas e intelectuales.

En diciembre de 2017, el periódico anunció que por razones económicas cesaría de aparecer semanalmente. Desde entonces se han publicado varias ediciones especiales bajo el esquema de patrocinio, destacando la dedicada al 45 aniversario del periódico y los 75 de su antecesor, El Mundo Israelita (4 de mayo de 2018).

Nuevo Mundo Israelita publica material original producido por sus propios periodistas y colaboradores, artículos de opinión, noticias comunitarias y temas de interés religioso. También traduce al español artículos originalmente publicados en otros medios de comunicación de Israel y el resto del mundo como Aurora, Haaretz, The Jerusalem Post, The Times of Israel, Israel Hayom, Iton Gadol, Tribuna Judía, Yediot Aharonot, etc.

En marzo de 2016, y nuevamente en abril de 2018, Nuevo Mundo Israelita modernizó su portal web (), que está online desde 2003. A partir de 2009 cuenta con una cuenta de Twitter (@mundoisraelita).

Los directores de Nuevo Mundo Israelita han sido:
José Salzberg (1973), Alberto Bierman (1973–76),
Pablo Goldstein (1976–81 y 1984–86),
Priscilla Abecasis (1981–84),
Judith Crosignani (1984),
Isaac Nahón (1986–87 y 1988–89),
Oro Jalfón (1987–88),
Néstor Garrido (1989–90),
Estrellita Chocrón (1991–96),
Francís Rosales (1996–99),
Gustavo Arnstein (2000–08),
Jacqueline Goldberg (2008–11) y
Sami Rozenbaum (2011–)
.

Sección en idioma judeoespañol
El semanario incluye eventualmente una sección en idioma judeoespañol, con artículos de Sefaradimuestro, Şalom, Aki Yerushalayim y El Amaneser.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web de Nuevo Mundo Israelita

Periódicos semanales
Periódicos de Venezuela
Publicaciones fundadas en 1943
Judaísmo en Venezuela
Periódicos en español
Periódicos en judeoespañol
Periódicos bilingües

Nuevo Mundo Israelita


An Elythranthera brunonis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Alexander Segger George. An Elythranthera brunonis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Elythranthera, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Elythranthera

Elythranthera brunonis


Frans van Mieris henviser til:

 Frans van Mieris den ældre (1635-1681) – nederlandsk portræt-, historie- og genremaler
 Frans van Mieris den yngre (1689-1763) – nederländsk portræt- og genremaler samt raderer

Frans van Mieris


Aeroportul Internațional Xi'an Xianyang  este principalul aeroport care deservește orașul Xi'an, capitala provinciei Shaanxi din China, precum și întreaga zonă Guanzhong. Cu o suprafață de 5 km pătrați, este cel mai mare aeroport din nord-vestul Chinei și al doilea cel mai mare aeroport din nordul Chinei. Aeroportul a fost hub pentru China Northwest Airlines până când compania a fuzionat în China Eastern Airlines în 2002. Aeroportul Xi'an este hub și pentru Joy Air și un oraș focus pentru Hainan Airlines.

În 2015, aeroportul a servit 32.970.215 de pasageri, făcându-l cel mai aglomerat aeroport din nord-vestul Chinei și al optulea la nivel național. Tot la nivel național, Aeroportul Internațional Xi'an Xianyang a fost, de asemenea, al 14-lea cel mai aglomerat aeroport în ceea ce privește traficul de mărfuri și al șaptelea cel mai aglomerat aeroport după numărul de mișcări de aeronave.

Localizare
Aeroportul este situat în zona administrativă a orașului Xianyang, după care este denumit aeroportul. Se află la 41 km la nord-vest de centrul orașului Xi'an și la 13 km la nord-est de centrul orașului Xianyang.

Istoric
Înainte ca Aeroportul Xianyang fie construit, Xi'an era deservit de Aeroportul Xi'an Xiguan. În 1984, Consiliul de Stat al Chinei și al Comisia Militară Centrală au propus să se construiască un mare aeroport civil pe locul aerodromului Xianyang. Faza întâi de construcție a aeroportului a demarat în august 1987 și a fost terminată pe 1 septembrie 1991, când a avut loc și inaugurarea. Aeroportul Xi'an Xiguan a fost închis în același timp. Faza a doua a început în august 2000 și a fost finalizată la data de 16 septembrie 2003. Un alt proiect, în valoare de 7,592 miliarde de yuani, este planificat a fi finalizat până în 2020.

Terminalul 3 și a doua pistă
Terminalul 3 și cea de-a doua pistă au fost deschise pe 3 mai 2012, crescând astfel capacitatea aeroportului până la mai mult de 33 de milioane de pasageri pe an. Noul terminal poate deservi singur 22 de milioane de pasageri pe an, de două ori mai mult decât celelalte două terminale combinate. Companiile aeriene care s-au mutat în noul terminal sunt China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines și Shanghai Airlines. Cea de-a doua pistă este de 3.800 de metri lungime și este suficient de mare ca să poată deservi un Airbus A380.

Companii aeriene și destinații

Transport la sol
Opt rute de autobuz leagă aeroportul cu orașele Xi'an și Xianyang.

Există, de asemenea, autobuze interurbane care leagă aeroportul cu Baoji, Yangling, Lingtong, Hancheng, Hanzhong, Weinan, Tongchuan, Yan'an, Qingyang și Pingliang.

O legătură feroviară între Gara de Nord Xi'an și aeroport este în construcție și este planificată a se deschide în 2018.

Accidente și incidente

 Pe 6 iunie 1994, avionul care opera zborul 2303 al China Northwest Airlines s-a rupt în aer și s-a prăbușit în apropiere de Xi'an. Avionul decolase de la Xi'an și zbura către Guangzhou. Cauza accidentului a fost o eroare de întreținere. Toate cele 160 de persoane de la bord au murit.

Referințe

Aeroporturi din China

Aeroportul Internațional Xi'an Xianyang


Tehlikeli Oyunlar (roman) Oğuz Atay'ın Tutunamayanlar'''dan sonra yayınladığı romanı.
 Tehlikeli Oyunlar (oyun) Oğuz Atay'ın Tehlikeli Oyunlar'' romanının Seyyar Sahne topluluğu tarafından tiyatro oyunu olarak uyarlaması.
 Tehlikeli oyunlar İngilizcesi Patriot Games olan Türkçeye bu adla çevrilmiş 1992 ABD yapımı film. Başrolünü Harrison Ford ve Anne Archer üstlenmiştir. Yönetmeni Phillip Noyce'dur.
 Tehlikeli Oyunlar (kitap) J. B. Davis'in bir kitabı.

Tehlikeli Oyunlar


Hotelul Furnica din Sinaia este un monument istoric aflat pe teritoriul orașului Sinaia.

Note

Monumente istorice din județul Prahova
Sinaia
Clădiri și structuri din secolul al XIX-lea
Hoteluri din România
Hoteluri în munții Bucegi

Hotelul Furnica din Sinaia


Kuhnhof ist:

 der deutsche Name der polnischen Dorfs Komnino.
 ein Stadtteil von Lauf an der Pegnitz: Kuhnhof (Lauf an der Pegnitz)

Kuhnhof


Josef Tautenhayn (født 5. maj 1837 i Wien, død 1. april 1911 sammesteds) var en østrigsk medaljør og billedhugger.

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Billedhuggere fra Østrig
Personer fra Wien
Østrigere i 1800-tallet
Østrigere i 1900-tallet

Josef Tautenhayn


NGC 7100 je zvijezda u zviježđu Pegazu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 7100
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 7100 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
   DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 7100 - 7149

7100

NGC 7100


O decreto 349 é uma lei cubana de 2018 que exige que artistas obtenham permissão prévia para exposições e apresentações públicas e privadas. A lei foi proposta pela primeira vez em 20 de abril de 2018 pelo presidente cubano Miguel Díaz-Canel e publicada na Gazeta de Cuba em 10 de julho.

A lei dá ao governo cubano o direito de encerrar vendas de arte e livros, exposições, concertos e apresentações que contenham conteúdo proibido. Em particular, a lei proíbe arte que contenha "linguagem sexista, vulgar e obscena" e arte que usa "símbolos nacionais" para "infringir a legislação atual". Inspetores do governo multam aqueles que infringem a lei e confiscam obras de arte que infrinjam a lei. Os artistas também estão impedidos de vender obras de arte sem a aprovação do governo.

A lei entrou em vigor em 7 de dezembro de 2018. Um grupo de artistas chamado Movimento San Isidro foi formado em setembro de 2018 para protestar a lei.

Referências

Direito de Cuba
Liberdade de expressão

Decreto 349


Les  élections législatives bissau-guinéennes de 2023 se déroulent le  afin de renouveler les  de l'assemblée nationale populaire de Guinée-Bissau.

Le scrutin intervient à la suite de la dissolution de l'assemblée par le président Umaro Sissoco Embaló. Son parti, le Mouvement pour l'alternance démocratique G-15 (Madem G15), ne parvient pas à s'imposer face à la coalition de la Plateforme de l'alliance inclusive-Terra Ranka (Pai-Terra Ranka) menée par le Parti africain pour l'indépendance de la Guinée et du Cap-Vert (PAIGC), qui remporte la majorité absolue et contraint ainsi le chef de l'état à une cohabitation.

Contexte

Les précédentes élections législatives organisées en mars 2019 sont l'aboutissement d'une longue crise politique entre le président José Mário Vaz et le parti au pouvoir, dans le cadre d'un régime semi-présidentiel. Le Parti africain pour l'indépendance de la Guinée et du Cap-Vert (PAIGC) ne parvient pas à retrouver la majorité absolue, miné par la dissidence de plusieurs de ses membres ayant formé le Mouvement pour l'alternance démocratique G-15 (MADEM G-15), tandis que le Parti du renouveau social (PRS), principal parti d'opposition, enregistre également un résultat en très nette baisse. Le déclin des deux grandes formations historiques se fait ainsi au profit du MADEM G-15 et de l'Assemblée du peuple uni – Parti démocrate de Guinée-Bissau (APU-PDBG), qui font leur entrée au parlement.

À la suite d'accords de coalition conclus au cours de la campagne électorale, le PAIGC parvient néanmoins à se maintenir grâce au soutien de l'APU et de deux formations mineures, le premier étant considéré comme le  de ces élections. Malgré un scrutin ayant eu lieu dans de très bonnes conditions, sans violences et avec une participation très élevée frôlant les 85 %, les résultats inquiètent les observateurs. La reconduite du PAIGC prolonge de fait la mésentente institutionnelle entre le gouvernement et le président Vaz, dans le contexte d'une élection présidentielle à venir en novembre de la même année.

L'élection présidentielle voit finalement le président sortant éliminé dès le premier tour, et relégué en quatrième position. Les anciens Premiers ministres Domingos Simões Pereira et Umaro Sissoco Embaló, respectivement du PAIGC et du MADEM G-15, arrivent en tête et s'affrontent au second tour le mois suivant. Umaro Sissoco Embaló remporte ce dernier après avoir obtenu le soutien des principaux candidats malheureux, parmi lesquels le président sortant, l'ancien Premier ministre Carlos Gomes Júnior et Nuno Gomes Nabiam, de l'APU. Ce dernier est nommé au poste de Premier ministre le 28 février 2020.

Le 16 mai 2022 cependant, le président Sissoco Embaló annonce la dissolution de l'assemblée nationale populaire, qu'il justifie par des  entre l'assemblée et le gouvernement. Il accuse dans la foulée la législature de s'être transformée en lieu de guérilla politique dans laquelle les députés se livrent à la corruption, au détournement de fonds et à l'affaiblissement des institutions de la République. Des élections anticipées sont par conséquent convoquées pour le 18 décembre 2022. Deux mois avant la date prévue, un report est cependant envisagé pour des raisons logistiques et financières. La veille du 18 décembre, Embaló annonce le report du scrutin au 4 juin 2023 à la suite d'un accord entre les partis politiques et la commission électorale.

Mode de scrutin
L'assemblée nationale populaire est composée de cent deux sièges pourvus tous les quatre ans dont cent au scrutin proportionnel plurinominal avec liste bloquée dans vingt-sept circonscriptions plurinominales. À la suite d'une réforme récente, les deux sièges restants sont élus par la diaspora, présente notamment en Afrique et en Europe. Les partis ont l'obligation de présenter des listes de candidats comportant au moins 36 % de femmes dans chacune des circonscriptions.

Résultats

Analyse

Selon les quelques 200 observateurs internationaux, le scrutin se déroule sans incident majeur, de manière . Les élections sont remportées par la coalition de la Plateforme de l'alliance inclusive-Terra Ranka (PAI-Terra Ranka) menée par le Parti africain pour l'indépendance de la Guinée et du Cap-Vert (PAIGC) qui arrive en tête et décroche la majorité absolue des sièges. Le Mouvement pour l'alternance démocratique G-15 (Madem G15) du président Umaro Sissoco Embaló arrive loin derrière en deuxième position, suivi du Parti du renouveau social (PRS). Le Madem G15 aurait souffert des luttes internes au parti ainsi que de l'incapacité du président à résoudre la chute des prix dans le secteur de la noix de cajou, dont la population tire une large part de ses revenus. Le scrutin voit par ailleurs entrer à l'assemblée le Parti des travailleurs guinéens (PTG), créé par le ministre de l'Intérieur Botché Candé.

Umaro Sissoco Embaló perd ainsi son pari, la dissolution de l'assemblée le met finalement en situation de cohabitation. Durant le dépouillement, il met en garde l'opposition contre toute contestation des résultats et annonce qu'il nommera comme Premier ministre le chef du parti arrivé en tête. Reconnaissant sa défaite après l'annonce des résultats provisoires le 8 juin, il félicite la coalition Pai-Terra Ranka et annonce sa décision de nommer le chef du PAIGC, Domingos Simões Pereira, au poste de Premier ministre, acceptant de revenir sur ses déclarations de rejet de cette option durant la campagne électorale.

La coalition PAI-Terra Ranka est cependant sujette à des désaccord sur l'attribution des ministères qui rendent fragile sa majorité et poussent le PAIGC à conclure des accords de coalition avec le PRS et le PTG. Peireira va jusqu'à renoncer au poste de Premier ministre au profit de l'ancien ministre de l'Économie et des Finances Geraldo Martins, un proche ami de longue date.

Pereira est quant à lui élu président de l'Assemblée nationale populaire le 28 juillet tandis que l'accord de coalition avec le PRS amène son dirigeant Fernando Dias à dêtre élu premier vice-président de l'assemblée. La seconde vice-présidence revient à Adja Satu Camar, du Madem G15. Geraldo Martins est ensuite désigné candidat au poste de Premier ministre le 7 août.

Notes et références

Guinée-Bissau
2023
2023 en Guinée-Bissau
Guinée-Bissau, 2023
Politique en juin 2023

Élections législatives bissau-guinéennes de 2023


Volos (Yunanca: Βόλος, Osmanlıca: Golos), Yunanistan'ın en eski yerleşim bölgelerinden biri olan Antik Magnesia bölgesinde yer alan bir liman şehridir. Atina'ya 327 km, Selanik'e 207 km uzaklıkta olan Volos, bölgenin başkenti konumundadır. Yüzölçümü 385.6 km² olan belediyenin nüfusu 2011 yılı itibarı ile 144.449'dir.

Mitoloji
Bilinen ilk tarih öncesi yerleşimleri MÖ 7. yüzyıla kadar uzanır. Antik Magnesia bölgesi, Yunan mitolojisinin en özgün sayfalarından bazılarına ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. İsmini, Pelion'da ikamet eden rüzgarların kralı Aeolus'un oğlu Magnus'tan almıştır.

İdari bölümler
Günümüz Volos Belediyesi 2011 yerel yönetim reformu ile dokuz eski belediyenin birleştirilmesiyle kurulmuştur. Birleştirilen belediyeler belediye birimlerine dönüştürülmüştür.
 Agria
 Aisonia
 Artemida
 Iolcus
 Makrinitsa
 Nea Anhialos
 Nea İyonya
 Portaria
 Volos

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça

Volos


Línea 3 es una línea de transporte urbano de pasajeros de la ciudad de Paraná, Argentina. El servicio está actualmente operado por Buses Paraná U.T.E. (ERSA Urbano/Mariano Moreno S.R.L.).
Anteriormente el servicio de la línea 3 era prestado por la empresa Independencia S.R.L., hasta que en 1998, sufría muchísimo la 'crisis de fines de los 90' y fue adquirida por Mariano Moreno S.R.L. antes de declarar la quiebra.

Desde el año 2018, modifica su recorrido, eliminando el ramal por El Pingo y extendienso desde Villa Yatay hasta la Escuela de Policías. Esta línea pertenece al Grupo 1.

Recorrido

Ramal Único: Barrio Anacleto Medina Norte - Escuela de Policía
Ida: Desde L. L. Palma y Los Chanas, Los Chanas, Facundo, Los Jacarandaes, Gral. Galán, Selva de Montiel, J. M. Guitiérrez, Quesada, 23 de Marzo, Eva Perón, Gral. Alvarado, Av. Ejército Argentino, Monte Caseros, Enrique Carbó, Gral. Belgrano, Salta, Colón, Av. Gral Francisco Ramírez, Toscanini, Francisco Soler, Fraternidad, 3 de Febrero, Av. Don Bosco, José Rondeau, Fraternidad hasta Sosa Loyola.

Vuelta: Desde Sosa Loyola y Fraternidad, Fraternidad, Av. Blas Parera, Av. Don Bosco, 3 de Febrero, Pérez Cólman, Francisco Soler, Fraternidad, Nogoyá, La Rioja, Pte. A. Illia, Gualeguaychú, Bavio, Pellegrini, Bv. F. Perette, Av. Ejército Argentino, Gral. Alvarado, Eva Perón, Monseñor D'Andrea, Quesada, J. M. Gutiérrez, Selva de Montiel, Gral. Galán, Los Jacarandaes, Facundo, Los Chanas hasta L. L. Palma.

Longitud: 21,3km

Puntos de interés del recorrido
 Barrio Anacleto Medina
 Hospital Militar Regional Paraná "Dr. Francisco Soler"
 Plaza Alberdi
 Hospital San Martín
 Escuela Hogar
 Escuela de Oficiales de la Policía de Entre Ríos "Dr. Salvador Maciá"

Combinaciones
 Plaza Alberdi (Calle Salta):
 Líneas 6, 7, 9, 11, 22, 23
 Colón y Misiones:
 Líneas 9, 16, 20, 22/AN
 La Rioja y La Paz:
 Línea 2
 Plaza Alberdi (Calle La Rioja):
 Línea 2
 Presidente Illia y Além:
 Líneas 6, 22, 23
 Gualeguaychú y Monte Caseros:
 Líneas 10

Referencias

Líneas de colectivos de Paraná

Línea 3 (Paraná)


Jessica Tandy (født Jessie Alice Tandy 7. juni 1909, død 11. september 1994) var en engelsk teater-, tv- og filmskuespiller.

Karriere
Jessica Tandy fik sin professionelle debut i hjemlandet i en alder af 16 år og optrådte i New York for første gang, da hun var 21 år.

Tandy spillede Blanche i opsætningen på Broadway i 1947 af Tennessee Williams' skuespil Omstigning til Paradis, som hun modtog en Tony for. Hun vandt en Tony mere i 1974, denne gang for sin rolle i The Gin Game.

Tandy fik filmdebut i 1932. Hendes filmroller har været få, men mindeværdige. Hun fik sit gennembrud i en høj alder - i 1990 blev hun tildelt en Oscar for bedste kvindelige hovedrolle for sin rolle i filmen Driving Miss Daisy i en alder af 80 år. Hun er den ældste skuespiller, der nogensinde har vundet en Oscar.

Privatliv
I årene 1932-1940 var hun gift med den britiske skuespiller Jack Hawkins. Hun blev gift igen i 1942 med skuespilleren Hume Cronyn; de to optrådte ofte som par på Broadway og medvirkede sammen i flere film. Ægteskabet varede til hendes død i 1994.

Filmografi
 1932 – The Indiscretions of Eve
 1946 –  De grønne år
 1947 –  Amber altid Amber
 1951 –  Rommel - ørkenræven
 1956-58 – Alfred Hitchcock Presents (TV-serie)
 1963 – Fuglene
 1982 – Verden ifølge Garp
 1984 – Kvinderne fra Boston
 1985 – Cocoon
 1988 –  Mistænkt
 1988 –  Cocoon: The Return
 1989 – Driving Miss Daisy
 1991 – Stegte grønne tomater
 1994 – Camilla

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra England
Personer fra London
Oscar for bedste kvindelige hovedrolle
Briter i 1900-tallet

Jessica Tandy


Los II Juegos de los Pequeños Estados de Europa, competición que se desarrolló al amparo del Comité Olímpico Internacional, para países europeos con menos de un millón de habitantes, tuvieron lugar en Mónaco. En estos juegos Chipre descendió hasta el tercer lugar del medallero.

Medallero

Referencias

Véase también
 Juegos de los Pequeños Estados de Europa

1987
Eventos multideportivos en 1987
Eventos deportivos celebrados en Mónaco
Mónaco en 1987

Juegos de los Pequeños Estados de Europa de Mónaco 1987


Nazmi Bilge (10 Ekim 1934, Trabzon - 8 Ağustos 2013, İstanbul), Türk eski millî futbolcu ve teknik direktör. Futbolculuk kariyerinin büyük bir kısmını Beşiktaş'ta geçirmiş ve takım kaptanlığı yapmıştır.

Futbolculuk kariyeri

Kulüp kariyeri
Trabzon Lisesi'ni bitirdikten sonra 2 yıl yükseköğrenim gördü. Futbola da Trabzon'da İdmanocağı Kulübü'nde başladı. Dayısı olan ünlü futbol adamlarından Hasan Polat'ın desteğiyle 1954 yılında Beşiktaş'a transfer oldu.

Nazmi Bilge 1. Ulusal Lig'in kurulması ile Beşiktaş'ın ilk golünü atan futbolcudur. 21 Şubat 1959 günü, Beşiktaş'ın Altay ile oynadığı maçta iki gol atarak takımının bu yeni ligdeki ilk golü atmış oldu. 5 yıl sonra, 1962 yılında Altay'a transfer olana kadar Beşiktaş'ta çok başarılı bir performans çizdi. İstanbul Ligi, Millî Küme, Federasyon Kupası ve Birinci Lig'de toplam 158 gol atmayı başardı.

Millî takım kariyeri
3 kez Türkiye millî futbol takımı forması giydi ve bu karşılaşmalarda bir gol kaydetti.

Teknik direktörlük kariyeri
1969-70 sezonunda Kardemir Karabükspor'de teknik direktör olarak görev aldı ve kulübün ilk teknik direktörü oldu.

Spor yöneticiliği kariyeri
Nazmi Bilge, futbolu bıraktıktan sonra Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü'nün yönetiminde ve Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu'nda görev aldı.

Ölümü
Bilge 8 Ağustos 2013 tarihinde öldü. Cenazesi Zincirlikuyu Mezarlığı'na defnedilmiştir.

Başarıları
Beşiktaş
 Federasyon Kupası: 1956-57, 1957-58
 Millî Lig: 1959-60

Bireysel
 Federasyon Kupası Gol Kralı: 1956-57
 Milliyet Yılın Sporcusu: 1959
 Beşiktaş'nın Süper Lig tarihindeki 1. golünü attı. (Beşiktaş'ın, 1959-1960 sezonunun ilk haftasında Altay ile yaptığı ve 2-1 kazandığı maçta rakip fileleri 2 kez havalandıran eski millî futbolcu, adını kulüp tarihine yazdırdı.)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

1934 doğumlular
2013 yılında ölenler
Trabzon doğumlu futbolcular
Türk erkek futbolcular
Altay SK futbolcuları
Beşiktaş JK futbolcuları
Türkiye millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Türk teknik direktörler
Kardemir Karabükspor teknik direktörleri
Süper Lig futbolcuları
Zincirlikuyu Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Forvet futbolcular
Beşiktaş JK kaptanları

Nazmi Bilge


Magnezit, magnezyumun başlıca filizlerinden biri.

Magnezit (magnezyum karbonat, MgCO3), beyaz renklidir (katışıklar içerdiğinde, rengi griden kahverengiye kadar değişebilir). Özgül ağırlığı 3-3,2, sertliği 3,5-5 arasında değişir. Doğada kriptokristalin ve kristalen olmak üzere iki şekilde bulunmaktadır. Sert ve kompleks bir mineral olup, serpantin veya benzeri kayaçların alterasyon ürünüdür.

Konya, Balıkesir, Bursa, Bilecik, Ankara, Kütahya, Eskişehir ve Erzincan illerinde rezervleri bulunmaktadır. Denizli ili Hırsızdere'de sedimanter karakterde serpantinleşmiş ultramafik kayaçlar içinde yer alan gölsel sedimentlere bağlı olarak oluşmuş, tabaka şeklinde manyezit yatakları mevcuttur. Burdur ilinde de kriptokristalin özellikte manyezit yatakları mevcuttur.

Kullanım alanları : Bazı refrakter tuğla çimento fırınları astarı, indirgeme yükseltme fırınları astarı, metal izabe, refrakter malzeme olarak hayvan yemi, gübre, ilaç endüstrisi, hafif yapı elamanı, kâğıt endüstrisi, otomotiv yağları. Ateşe dayanıklı tuğla yapımında ve kimya sanayisinde ya da ilaç sanayisinde kullanılan magnezya (MgO) elde edilmesinde yararlanılır.

Kaynakça

Magnezyum mineralleri
Magnezyum bileşikleri
Karbonat mineralleri
Kalsit grubu
Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan kimyasal maddeler

Magnezit


"Death" é uma canção gravada pela cantora e compositora estadunidense Melanie Martinez, presente em seu terceiro álbum de estúdio, Portals. A faixa foi lançada como o primeiro single do álbum em 17 de março de 2023, através da Atlantic Records. É sua primeira música nas paradas da Billboard Hot 100 desde 2012, chegando ao número noventa e cinco.

Antecedentes
Depois de um hiato de dois anos para a música após o seu último lançamento, o extended play After School (2020), Martinez começou a arquivar todas as suas postagens em sua conta no Instagram. A cantora também lançou um trecho de doze segundos sem nenhuma capa, no Spotify.

Nas suas redes sociais, Martinez lançou alguns teasers misteriosos, cada um contendo um pequeno trecho das faixas do álbum. Alguns desses teasers como uma lápide em formato de um cogumelo gigante em um floresta, com o nome "RIP Cry Baby" esculpido; um embrião em formato de uma criatura rosa de dois olhos; e um ovo gigante com um feto querendo sair, são alguns divulgados. Com o anúncio do álbum, "Death", a primeira faixa, foi lançada posteriormente em 17 de março de 2023 como o primeiro single de divulgação.

Vídeo musical
O vídeo começa com cinco dançarinos mascarados olhando para o túmulo de Cry Baby, onde colocam plantas e jogam terra para cobrir o corpo. O corpo de Cry Baby está no túmulo com uma ferida aberta no coração. Uma versão de Martinez com a pele rosa, olhos múltiplos e asas de fada então aparece do coração de Cry Baby e se eleva à superfície. Ao longo do vídeo, a câmera corta para os dançarinos em uma ilha com o túmulo de Cry Baby, e esta versão de Martinez de cabelo azul cantando ou em um arco fazendo truques com os dançarinos, ainda se elevando. Ela então apunhala o cadáver de Cry Baby com nove espadas. Perto do final, a elevação de Martinez rasga um cordão conectando seu alter ego, Cry Baby, tentando escapar do túmulo. Enquanto os dançarinos terminam de enterrar Cry Baby, Martinez salta do chão e o vídeo termina.

Histórico de lançamento

Referências
Singles de 2023
Canções de 2023
Canções gravadas por Melanie Martinez
Singles lançados pela Atlantic Records

Death (canção)


Géant ou géante de glace peut faire référence à :

Géante de glace, une sous-classe de planète géante composée d'éléments volatiles.
Géant de glace (hrímþursar), tiré de la mythologie nordique
Géants de glace, entités semblables à des dieux dans la série Discworld de Terry Pratchett (voir Sourcery)

Voir aussi

Géants de l'âge de glace (2013), documentaire britannique

Géant de glace


Zaim Topčić (Glamoč, 28. veljače 1920.  Sarajevo, 15. srpnja 1990.) Bio je jugoslavenski i bosanskohercegovački književnik, pripovjedač i romansijer. Jedan je od rijetkih književnika koji su dva puta osvojili Godišnju nagradu Društva pisaca Bosne i Hercegovine, za romane Grumen sunca i Crni snjegovi.

Biografija
Diplomirao je na Ekonomskom fakultetu Univerziteta u Beogradu. U Narodnooslobodilačkom ratu Jugoslavije aktivno je učestvovao od početka,  1941. godine, na strani partizana. Nakon oslobođenja je bio urednik u sarajevskoj radio stanici. Vršio je dužnost generalnog sekretara tadašnjeg Udruženja književnika Bosne i Hercegovine.

Autor je značajnog povijesnog romana Zemlja heretika kojeg je profesor Enes Duraković uvrstio u  100 knjiga bošnjačke književnosti. Objavio je zbirke novela Nad bezdanom i U susret danu, romane Grumen sunca, Crni snjegovi, More među jablanima, Zemlja heretika, Dobjeni svijet, Ludolovka Jasenovac i Valter, Matoš, dramu Sjene jeseni i putopise Panorama našega vremena.

Njegova djela su prevedena na brojne jezike i uvrštena u nekoliko domaćih i stranih antologija. Bio je član Udruženja književnika Bosne i Hercegovine i Kraljevskog instituta za međunarodne poslove u Londonu (Chatham House).

Privatni život
Živio je u Sarajevu sa suprugom Nailom, sinom Zlatkom i kćerkom Vesnom. U općini Ilidža jedna ulica nosi njegovo ime. Tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata, kao komunist, 1943. godine bio je zatočen u koncentracijskom logoru Jasenovac, ali je kasnije razmijenjen.

Bibliografija

Zbirke priča

 Nad bezdanom, 1952.
 U susret danu, 1955.

Romani

 Grumen sunca, 1958.
 Crni snjegovi, 1962.
 More među jablanima, 1966.
 Zemlja heretika, 1972.
 Dobijeni svijet, 1979.
 Ljudolovka Jasenovac, 1985.
 Valter, Matoš, 1991. (objavljen postumno)

Drame

 Sjene jeseni

Putopisi

 Panorama našega vremena, 1958.

Nagrade

 Godišnja nagrada Društva pisaca Bosne i Hercegovine za roman Grumen sunca, 1958.
 Godišnja nagrada Društva pisaca Bosne i Hercegovine za roman Crni snjegovi, 1962.
 27-julska nagrada Bosne i Hercegovine

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Amazon: Zaim Topčić
 Goodreads: Zaim Topčić

Bosanskohercegovački književnici

Zaim Topčić