Laurel Anne Chartow, née le 3 juin 1985 à Ann Arbor, Michigan, connue professionnellement sous le nom de Laurel Halo, est une musicienne électronique américaine basée à Berlin, en Allemagne. Elle a sorti son premier album Quarantine sur Hyperdub en 2012, acclamé par la critique ; il a été nommé album de l'année par The Wire. Ont suivi les albums studio Chance of Rain (2013) et Dust (2017), ainsi que divers EP et le mini-album Raw Silk Uncut Wood (2018).

Biographie
Laurel Anne Chartow est née le 3 juin 1985 à Ann Arbor, Michigan,  où elle a également grandi et appris à jouer du piano, de la guitare et du violon. Elle s'inspire de la musique de Détroit, de Londres et de Berlin, ainsi que de son passage dans des ensembles de free jazz et en tant que DJ à la radio universitaire. Elle a déménagé à New York en 2009, puis à Berlin en 2013.

Carrière musicale
Halo a auto-publié les EP The Future Fruit et Ambrosia avant de signer avec Hippos in Tanks et de sortir l'EP King Felix (2010), inspiré du roman VALIS de Philip K. Dick. Elle a suivi avec Hour Logic en 2011. Son premier album, Quarantine, est sorti sur le label londonien Hyperdub en juin 2012. L'album a été nommé Album de l'année en 2012 par The Wire. Son deuxième album, Chance of Rain, est sorti en octobre 2013.

En 2015, Halo a travaillé aux côtés de Rashad Becker, Julia Holter et NH'Koxyen sur l'EP collaboratif "télépathique" Terepa, en plus de fournir une reprise d'une chanson précédemment perdue de Karen Dalton pour la compilation Remembering Mountains du label Tompkins Square.

2015 a également vu Halo collaborer avec John Cale et Lisa Gerrard pour une représentation de la musique de Cale au Arts Centre Melbourne. De plus, Halo a sorti In Situ, un double EP pour le label londonien Honest Jon's à l'automne 2015. En 2016, Laurel Halo a composé la bande originale de Still Be Here, une pièce collaborative mettant en vedette la pop star virtuelle japonaise Hatsune Miku. La première a eu lieu au HKW à Berlin, en Allemagne. En juin 2017, Halo a sorti son troisième album Dust, avec des contributions d' Eli Keszler, Julia Holter, Michael Salu, Max D, Klein et Lafawndah, entre autres. L'album a reçu les éloges critiques de nombreuses publications.

En janvier 2018, il a été annoncé que Halo avait composé la bande originale du film documentaire Possessed du studio de design néerlandais Metahaven et Rob Schröder. Plus tard cette année-là en juillet, elle a sorti un mini-album sur Latency Recordings intitulé Raw Silk Uncut Wood, qui, selon elle, a été inspiré par sa contribution au film. Le mini-album se compose de six morceaux instrumentaux ambient auxquels contribue le violoncelliste Oliver Coates, avec qui elle a également travaillé sur la partition de Possessed, et le percussionniste Eli Keszler. Halo s'est également associée au musicien de Bristol Hodge sur l'EP collaboratif Tru / Opal / The Light Within You, sorti le 30 novembre 2018 par Livity Sound Recordings. Les deux ont travaillé ensemble sur les trois chansons au cours de quelques années à Berlin.

En janvier 2021, elle a annoncé le label Awe pour publier son travail solo et collaboratif.

Discographie

Albums studio

EP

Single

Remixes

Bandes originales

Invités

Collaborations

Références

Liens externes

 Site officiel
 Discographie de Laurel Halo sur Discogs

Naissance en juin 1985
Naissance à Ann Arbor
Musicienne américaine de musique électronique

Personnalité liée à Berlin

Laurel Halo


Blechhammer ist ein Ortsteil der Stadt Sonneberg im Landkreis Sonneberg in Thüringen.

Lage
Blechhammer liegt zwischen Haselbach und Sonneberg im Steinachtal an der Mündung der Engnitz in die Steinach.

Geschichte
1528 wurde das Dorf erstmals urkundlich erwähnt.
Die Gemeinde geht von 1604 aus. In diesem Jahr erfolgte die Ansiedlung des ersten Hammerwerkes im Hüttengrund. Drei Hammerwerke besaß schließlich die Ansiedlung. Später wurde ein Hammerwerk als Walzwerk umgebaut. Die anderen beiden wurden Sägewerke. Später dienten die Sägewerke dem Betriebsteil von VEB-Sternradio-Sonneberg. Im Jahr 2013 bestehen ein Baumarkt, Handwerksbetriebe sowie Gastronomie. Privatquartiere sind für den Fremdenverkehr eingerichtet.

Mit dem Bau einer Chaussee von Köppelsdorf nach Blechhammer, mit Fortsetzung entlang der Steinach nach Steinach bzw. über das Egnitztal nach Gräfenthal erfolgte zwischen den Jahren 1843 und 1854 der Anschluss an die Fernverkehrswege. Mit der Steinachtalbahn erhielt Blechhammer mit der gleichnamigen Station am 1. Oktober 1886 einen Anschluss an das Eisenbahnnetz. Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde eine Straße durch das Bocksbachtal nach Judenbach errichtet. Diese wurde in den 1950er Jahren aufgrund der Sperrzone, in der Judenbach lag, geschlossen.

1848 wurden Blechhammer und Hüttengrund zur neuen Gemeinde Hüttengrund vereinigt, die 1994 in der Einheitsgemeinde Engnitzthal und 1997 wiederum in der Gemeinde Oberland am Rennsteig aufging. Diese wurde Ende 2013 aufgelöst und in die Stadt Sonneberg eingemeindet.

1998 errichtete der Deutsche Alpenverein einen Klettergarten in einem als Kletterfelsen ausgebauten ehemaligen Grauwackesteinbruch, der im Bocksbachtal an der Straße zum Klettergarten (bis 2015 Judenbacher Straße) liegt.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Landkreis Sonneberg
Geographie (Sonneberg)
Ersterwähnung 1528

Blechhammer (Sonneberg)


An Peristylus duthiei in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Joseph Dalton Hooker, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Deva och H.B. Naithani. An Peristylus duthiei in nahilalakip ha genus nga Peristylus, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Peristylus

Peristylus duthiei


Indecent and Obscene drugi je studijski album švedskog death metal sastava Dismember. Diskografska kuća Nuclear Blast Records objavila ga je 24. lipnja 1993. Za pjesme "Skinfather" i "Dreaming in Red" snimljeni su spotovi.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

 Dismember

 Matti Kärki – vokal
 David Blomqvist – solo gitara
 Robert Senneback – ritam gitara
 Richard Cabeza – bas-gitara
 Fred Estby – bubnjevi, miks

 Ostalo osoblje

 Zeta Lorentzon – fotografije
 John Boqvist – dizajn
 Peter In De Betou – mastering
 Tomas Skogsberg – produkcija, inženjer zvuka, miks

Izvori

Albumi iz 1993.
Albumi sastava Dismember

Indecent and Obscene


As coordenadas de Talairach, também conhecidas como espaço de Talairach, são um sistema de coordenadas tridimensional (conhecido como 'atlas') do cérebro humano, que é usado para mapear a localização das estruturas cerebrais independentemente das diferenças individuais no tamanho e na forma geral do cérebro. Ainda é comum usar as coordenadas de Talairach em estudos de imagem cerebral funcional e direcionar a estimulação transcraniana de regiões cerebrais. No entanto, métodos alternativos, como o Sistema de Coordenadas MNI (originado no Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital) substituíram amplamente Talairach pela estereotaxia e outros procedimentos.

História
O sistema de coordenadas foi criado pelos neurocirurgiões Jean Talairach e Gabor Szikla em seu trabalho no Atlas Talairach em 1967, criando uma grade padronizada para a neurocirurgia. A grade foi baseada na ideia de que as distâncias às lesões no cérebro são proporcionais ao tamanho geral do cérebro (ou seja, a distância entre duas estruturas é maior em um cérebro maior). Em 1988, uma segunda edição do Atlas Talairach foi lançada em co-autoria de Tournoux, e às vezes é conhecido como o sistema Talairach-Tournoux. Este atlas foi baseado em uma única dissecção post-mortem de um cérebro humano.

O Atlas de Talairach usa áreas de Brodmann como rótulos para regiões do cérebro.

Descrição
O sistema de coordenadas de Talairach é definido fazendo com que duas âncoras, a comissura anterior e a comissura posterior, estejam em uma linha horizontal reta. Como esses dois pontos estão no plano sagital mediano, o sistema de coordenadas é completamente definido exigindo que esse plano seja vertical. As distâncias em coordenadas de Talairach são medidas a partir da comissura anterior como origem (conforme definido na edição de 1998). O eixo y aponta posterior e anterior às comissuras, o eixo esquerdo e direito é o eixo x, e o eixo z está nas direções ventral-dorsal (para baixo e para cima). Uma vez que o cérebro é reorientado para esses eixos, os pesquisadores também devem delinear os seis contornos corticais do cérebro: anterior, posterior, esquerdo, direito, inferior e superior. No atlas de 1967 a esquerda está com coordenadas positivas enquanto no atlas de 1988 a esquerda tem coordenadas negativas.

Regiões de Brodmann

As áreas de Brodmann são uma ilustração de um mapa citoarquitetônico do cérebro humano que foram publicadas por Korbinan Brodmann em seu monograma de 1909. O mapa de Brodmann divide o córtex cerebral em 43 partes diferentes, que se tornam visíveis em cortes histológicos corados pelo corpo celular. Anos depois, um grande grupo de neurocientistas ainda utiliza o mapa de Brodmann para a localização de dados de neuroimagem obtidos em cérebros humanos vivos.

Conversão para outros sistemas de coordenadas

Modelos do Instituto Neurológico de Montreal (MNI)
Outro atlas comum para o cérebro humano é o sistema de coordenadas do Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (MNI), que é o modelo usado para o SPM e o International Consortium for Brain Mapping. A maioria dos pacotes de software de neuroimagem são capazes de converter coordenadas de Talairach para coordenadas MNI.

Registro não linear
O registro não linear é o processo de digitalizar as coordenadas de Talairach e gerar um mapa não linear na tentativa de compensar as diferenças reais de forma entre os dois, o que resultaria em transformações de coordenadas mais precisas.

Modelo cerebral otimizado de alta resolução (HRBT)
Os cérebros-alvo atuais não são adequados para a pesquisa (ou seja, são médios, só podem ser usados em estudos de mapeamento cerebral-alvo de MRI de baixa resolução ou são cérebro único). O modelo otimizado de cérebro de alta resolução (HRBT), um cérebro alvo de ressonância magnética de alta resolução, é uma técnica que pode ajudar nos problemas nomeados acima. Essa otimização pode ser realizada para ajudar a reduzir os vieses anatômicos individuais do ICBM HBRT original. A HRBT otimizada é mais adequada para grupos de cérebros anatomicamente correspondentes.

Referências

Neurociência
Cérebro

Coordenadas de Talairach


SB2U Vindicator er et hangarskibs-baseret dykbombefly (styrtbomber), som blev udviklet af United States Navy i 1930'erne, og var det første monoplan i den funktion. Selv om det var forældet ved udbruddet af Anden Verdenskrig, var det stadig i tjeneste ved Slaget om Midway.

Kilder og henvisninger

 Chance-Vought SB2U Vindicator af Jack McKillop på microworks.net via web.archive.org

Fly fra 2. verdenskrig
Hangarskibsfly
Bombefly
Militærfly fra USA
1-motors propelfly

Vought SB2U Vindicator


Den argumenterende teksttype benyttes til at argumentere for en sag eller emne. Man starter med en påstand, som så er bygget op med et belæg for at gøre den stærkere (Toulmins model). Denne teksttype kan ofte findes i debatter, debatindlæg og politik. Den indeholder også ofte agenskobling når man kommer med belæg som "Han siger, så siger hun, i Politiken skriver de. "

Referencer

Sprogforskning

Argumenterende teksttype


est un film américain réalisé par Kenneth Webb et sorti en 1921. Une copie partielle est conservée à la Bibliothèque du Congrès.

Synopsis

Fiche technique
 Réalisation : Kenneth Webb
 Scénario : Dorothy Farnum d'après la pièce  de Charles Lawrence Young de 1886.
 Producteur : Whitman Bennett
 Photographie : Tom L. Griffith, Harry Stradling
 Distributeur : Associated First National
 Durée : 6 bobines
 Date de sortie : avril 1921

Distribution
Lionel Barrymore : James Ralston
Ned Burton : Enoch Bronson
Charles Coghlan : Captain Redwood
James Laffey : E. J. Smith
Gladys Leslie : Agnes Ralston
Douglas MacPherson : Louis Percival
Anders Randolf : Baron Hartfeld
Arthur Rankin : Lord Drelincourt
Doris Rankin : Nina Bronson

Galerie

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 1921
Film dramatique américain
Film muet américain
Film américain en noir et blanc
Adaptation d'une pièce de théâtre américaine au cinéma

Jim the Penman


Japon mazısı (Thuja standishii), servigiller (Cupressaceae) familyasından Japonya'ya özgü bir mazı türü.

Japon mazısı, 110 metreye kadar uzar ve kozalakları 3–4 cm kadardır. 5 yılda olgunlaşır ve tohum verir. Bulunan en eski Japon mazısı 1450 yaşında, 115 metre yüksekliğinde ve dipte 68 metre genişliğindedir. Oldukça esmerdir; yaprakları siyahımsı ve ömürleri ortalama 26 yıldır.

standishii

Japon mazısı


"Johnny B. Goode" pjesma je američkog glazbenika Chucka Berryja, objavljena 1958. godine. Pjesmu je napisao i skladao Berry te je postala veliki hit.

"Johnny B. Goode" smatra se jednom od najprepoznatljivijih pjesama popularne glazbe. Često se smatra "prvim rock & roll hitom o položaju rock & rolla", te su je obradili mnogi glazbenici i izvođači, a osvojila je i brojne nagrade i priznanja. Pjesma se također nalazi na sedmom mjestu Rolling Stone'ove liste 500 najboljih pjesama svih vremena.

Kompozicija i snimanje
Pjesmu je 1955. godine napisao Berry, a govori o nepismenom dečku sa sela oko New Orleansa, koji svira gitaru "kao da zvoni zvono", i koji će jednoga dana možda svoje ime vidjeti "u svijetlu". Berry je objasnio kako je pjesma polovično autobiografska te kako je Johnny trebao biti "obojeni dečko", ali promijenio ga je u "dečka sa sela" kako bi pjesmi bilo dopušteno emitiranje na radiju. Naslov pjesme također daje autobiografski element, pošto se Berry rodio u ulici 2520 Goode Avenue, u St. Louisu.

Pjesma je prvobitno bila inspirirana Johnnieom Johnsonom, pijanistom iz Berryjevog sastava, ali temu je Berry ipak preusmjerio na sebe. Johnson je svirao na mnogo pjesama zajedno s Berryjem. Neki izvori tvrde kako je Lafayette Leake svirao klavir na ovoj pjesmi, ali većina daje tu čast Johnsononu. Snimanje su financirali Leonard i Phil Chess, kao i inženjer zvuka i vlasnik studija Jack Sheldon Wiener.

Gitarski riff koji započinje pjesmu "Johnny B. Goode" je uglavnom samo proširena verzija jedno-notnog soloa Louisa Jordana iz njegove pjesme "Ain't That Just Like a Woman" iz 1946. godine, koju je odsvirao gitarist Carl Hogan. Berry, prvo je snimio uvodni riff i ritam gitaru pa zatim angažirao ostale instrumente.

Berry je napisao još četiri pjesme o liku Johnny B. Goode, "Bye Bye Johnny", "Go Go Go", "Johnny B. Blues" i "Lady B. Goode"; i naslov albuma, i 19-minutnu instrumental pjesmu s tog istog albuma, "Concerto in B. Goode".

Osoblje
 Chuck Berry – vokali, gitara
 Lafayette Leake ili Johnnie Johnson – glasovir
 Willie Dixon – kontrabas
 Fred Below ili Jasper Thomas – bubnjevi

Izvori

Singlovi 1950-ih
Američke skladbe

Johnny B. Goode


De Udvalgte er en dansk tv-serie sendt på DR.

Serien havde premiere søndag den 2. september 2001. Den bestod af 12 afsnit.

Medvirkende

 Morten Lützhøft som Vinter
 Liv Corfixen som Rikke Borgwardt
 Christian Grønvall som Bo Mortensen
 Laura von Lindholm som Gry Rønne
 Ali Kazim som Salim Malik
 Mette Louise Holland som Ingelise Poulsen
 Kristoffer Kiørboe som Tor René Hansen
 Scott Voloshin som Eric Lundholm
 Kaya Brüel som Miriam Collin

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Tv-serier fra Danmark

De udvalgte (tv-serie)


Rudolf Herbert Nocker (* 25. August 1946 in Obergermaringen) ist ein deutscher Nachrichtentechniker und Professor für Elektrotechnik an der Hochschule Hannover.

Leben
Nach einem Studium der Nachrichtentechnik an der Technischen Universität München war Nocker von 1972 bis 1973 an der Technischen Universität Braunschweig als wissenschaftlicher Assistent tätig. Darauf folgte eine vierjährige Tätigkeit für die Forschungsabteilung der Siemens AG in München. 1981 promovierte er an der TU München am Institut für Nachrichtentechnik.

Von 1978 bis 2010 war Nocker Professor für Kommunikationstechnik an der Hochschule Hannover.

Nocker erfand ein digitales Nachrichtensystem mit Vielfachzugriff und dezentraler Vermittlungstechnik, welches in mehreren Ländern patentiert wurde (beispielsweise United States Patent US4124776A von 1978).

Publikationen (Auswahl)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Elektroingenieur
Hochschullehrer (Hochschule Hannover)
Deutscher
Geboren 1946
Mann

Rudolf Nocker


Salta () is a province of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the east clockwise Formosa, Chaco, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán and Catamarca. It also surrounds Jujuy. To the north it borders Bolivia and Paraguay and to the west lies Chile.

History
Before the Spanish conquest, numerous native peoples (now called Diaguitas and Calchaquíes) lived in the valleys of what is now Salta Province; they formed many different tribes, the Quilmes and Humahuacas among them, which all shared the Cacán language.  The Atacamas lived in the Puna, and the Wichís (Matacos), in the Chaco region.

The first conquistador to venture into the area was Diego de Almagro in 1535; he was followed by Diego de Rojas. Hernando de Lerma founded San Felipe de Lerma in 1582, following orders of the viceroy Francisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa; the name of the city was soon changed to "San Felipe de Salta".  By 1650, the city had around five hundred inhabitants.

An intendency of "Salta del Tucumán" was created within the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.  In 1774, San Ramón de La Nueva Orán was founded between Salta and Tarija (Tarija was added to the intendency later, in 1807).  In 1783, in recognition of the growing importance of the city, the capital of the intendency of Salta del Tucumán was moved from San Miguel de Tucumán to Salta.

The battle of Salta in 1813 freed the territory from Spain, but occasional attacks were mounted from the Viceroyalty of Peru as late as 1826.  Gervasio de Posadas created the Province of Salta in 1814, containing the current provinces of Salta, Jujuy, and parts of southern Bolivia and northern Chile.

Exploiting internal Argentine conflicts that arose after the Argentine Declaration of Independence, Bolivia annexed Tarija in 1826. In 1834, Jujuy withdrew from Salta and became a separate province.  The borders of Salta were further reduced in 1900, with the loss of Yacuiba to Bolivia.

The National Government of Los Andes, constituted from the province in 1902 with a capital at San Antonio de los Cobres, was returned to Salta Province in 1943 as the Department of Los Andes.

Antonio Alice's painting, La muerte de Güemes, which received a Gold Medal at the Centenary Exposition, is on display at the offices of the Salta Provincial Government.

Geography

The total land area of the province is , making it the sixth largest province by area in Argentina. The main rivers of the province are the Pilcomayo, Bermejo, and the Juramento, which later becomes the Salado River. Salta Province is located at a geologically active region, and suffers from occasional earthquakes. There have been four earthquakes of note in the province:
In 1692, registering 7.0 on the Richter magnitude scale, and at IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale,
In 1844, registering 6.5 on the Richter magnitude scale, and VII (Very strong) Mercalli intensity,
In 1948, registering 7.0 on the Moment magnitude scale (MMS), and IX (Violent) Mercalli intensity, and
In 2010, registering 6.1 or 6.3 (MMS), and VI (Strong) Mercalli intensity.
The 1692 earthquake was the inspiration for Salta's annual citywide festival, held on 16 September, in honor of El Señor y la Virgen del Milagro.

Climate

Although Salta Province is located near the Tropic of Capricorn, it has a wide range of climates due to variation in altitude and the influence of orography. The orientation of the Andes influences the distribution of precipitation within the province.

The easternmost parts of the province have a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) with a rainy season in the summer. The mean annual temperature and precipitation are  and . Temperatures can reach up to  during summer, while they can fall down to  during winter.

The first slopes of the Andes force the moist, easterly winds to rise, provoking very high condensation leading to the formation of clouds that generate copious amounts of rain. The eastern slopes of the mountains receive between  of precipitation a year, although some places receive up to  of precipitation annually owing to orographic precipitation. Most of the precipitation is concentrated in the summer, with winters being dry. The high rainfall on these first slopes creates a thick jungle that extends in a narrow strip along these ranges, creating an area of great species diversity. At higher altitudes on these slopes, the climate is cooler and more humid, with the vegetation consisting of deciduous and pine trees.

Between the high altitudes to the west and the low plains to the east lie the valleys. The climate of these valleys is either humid subtropical with dry winters (Köppen Cwa) or subtropical highland (Cwb), favouring human settlement and agricultural activities. Mean annual precipitation is around , most of it during summer. Mean temperatures exceed  during the summer, while during winter, they are below .

Further west, the Altiplano is a plateau at  above sea level. This region has a cool semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk): high temperatures vary little (since the warmer season is cloudy, and the cooler sunny), ranging from ; night temperatures go from  in midsummer, to  in midwinter, and extremes under  might be recorded. All rain falls exclusively in the summer, with annual totals between . Several salt flats exist in this area.

The highest altitudes found in the western parts of the province have a cool arid climate (Köppen BWk), with large diurnal ranges (temperature range between day and night).

Economy
Salta's economy is relatively underdeveloped, yet diverse.  Its economy in 2006 was estimated at US$5.141 billion or, US$4,764 per capita, 45% below the national average. In 2012, its economy was estimated at $30.613 billion pesos (about US$6.743 billion) or $23,971 pesos (about US$5,280) per capita.

Manufacturing plays a significant role in Salta, adding 20% to the economy. Gas and petroleum from the Tartagal, Aguas Blancas, Madrejones and Campo Durán centres is transported to Buenos Aires and Rosario by pipes. There is also an oil refinery located at Campo Durán. Mining includes uranium at Iruya, La Poma and San Carlos; and silver at the Diablillos mine.

Agriculture and its derived industries are still an important activity in the province, adding over 10% to output. Tobacco, sugar cane and viticulture are the most important and produce most of the exports from the area. Other crops mostly for local consumption are maize, beans, citrus, bananas, and tomatoes. The sugar cane is processed in plants in Salta before it is sent to the rest of Argentina and other countries. The plant in San Martín de Tabacal is the most important of them. The famous wines of the Valles Calchaquíes region (mainly Torrontés, Malbec and Cabernet Sauvignon) near Cafayate are produced in numerous vineyards of diverse sizes. American breeds of cattle are raised only on the humid subtropical east, along with some sheep and goats.

Tourism

The Salta province is home to a number of natural, social and historic attractions.

The provincial capital city, also named Salta and nicknamed "La Linda" ("The beautiful") is both an important tourist destination, and the centre point for visiting the rest of the province. The city holds different attractions; among them are its colonial houses and cathedral, and the Museo de Arqueología de Alta Montaña de Salta that holds the three frozen Inca mummies found at the Llullaillaco volcano and known as the Children of Llullaillaco .

The Tren a las Nubes ("Train to the Clouds") crosses canyons and cliffs before arriving at the 3,775 metres altitude (12,500 feet) of San Antonio de los Cobres. The red-rock formations of the Valles Calchaquíes and the wine-town of Cafayate are the second most visited place in the province. Many visit the Cachi mountains and the villages (such as Payogasta) around it.

There are three national parks in Salta: El Rey National Park in the Yungas jungle, Baritú National Park and Los Cardones National Park.

Demographics

According to the results from the , the province has a population of 1,214,441. It constitutes 3.0% of the total population in Argentina. This represented a 12.5% increase in the population compared to  which had 1,079,051 inhabitants. 6.5% of the population or 79,204 persons declared themselves as having Indigenous background, making it one of the provinces that has a high percentage of indigenous people, being ranked 5th behind Chubut, Neuquén, Jujuy and Río Negro. The most populous indigenous groups in the province are the Wichí, which make up 24.9% of the total indigenous population followed by the Kolla (21.6%), and the Guaraní (13.7%). As well, 4,189 persons declared themselves to be Afro-Argentine.

The province hosts a diverse foreign community: Christian Levantines of Syrian-Lebanese origin, Spaniards and Italians make up the largest groups. A small Ukrainian community has been there since the collapse of the Soviet Union and an Indian Sikh community has been living in Rosario de la Frontera since the 1940s. Other foreign people settled in the province are the Greek Cypriots, the Chinese, the Germans, the Francs, the Chileans, the Bolivians, the Paraguayans and the Slavs from the Adriatic (mainly Serbs and Croats). The Jewish community has a synagogue and the Muslims have a mosque, both in Salta City. Salta's Jews are mostly of Ashkenazim origin, but there are also a few Sefardim families.

Politics

The province is governed as representative and republican form of government. The provincial government is divided into three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoints the cabinet; the legislative; and the judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court.

The Constitution of Salta Province forms the formal law of the province.

In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work is carried out by the Salta Provincial Police.

Political division

The province is divided in 23 departments (), containing 59 municipalities (). The capital of the province is the city of Salta, which is where the provincial government is located at.

Villages

See also

 1948 Salta earthquake

References

External links

  Salta Province official website
  Salta Province official portal
  Tourist Secretary
  Salta.com
  Nuevo Diario de Salta
  Universidad Nacional de Salta
  Welcome Salta

Provinces of Argentina
States and territories established in 1814
1814 establishments in Argentina

Salta Province


Insula Myingun, cunoscută și sub numele de Myengu, este o insulă în Golful Bengal, Birmania (Myanmar). Aceasta face parte din statul Rakhine și este situată la 5 km sud de Sittwe, separat de malul continental de o strâmtoare de 2 kilometri.

Geografie

Insula se întinde paralel cu coasta și are o lungime de 33 km și o lățime maximă de 3,8 km. Există două localități pe insulă, Sandawshin în sud și Pyaingdaung în nord. Ambele sate sunt situate pe coasta de est a insulei.

Linkuri externe
 Insula Myingun  - locație

Referințe

Insule
Myanmar

Insula Myingun


Ghar-e-Pariyan é uma caverna perto de Isfahan. Ela está situado a uma altitude de 2.967 m acima do nível do mar. Sua entrada mede aproximadamente 1,6 x 1,2 metros. O sistema de cavernas Parian, situado a 8 quilômetros da vila de Abyaneh na província de Isfahan, foi descoberto há menos de 20 anos. A 2.967 metros acima do nível do mar, a caverna possui salões com 120 metros de profundidade, cheios de formações de pedra natural, estalactites e estalagmites.

Sítios arqueológicos do Irã
Cavernas do Irã

Ghar-e Pariyan


Rory O'Hanlon (born 7 February 1934) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann from 2002 to 2007, Leas-Cheann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann from 1997 to 2002, Minister for the Environment from 1991 to 1992, Minister for Health from 1987 to 1991 and Minister of State for Social Welfare Claims in 1982. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cavan–Monaghan constituency from 1977 to 2011.

Early life
Born in Dublin in 1934, O'Hanlon was brought up in a family that had a strong association with the republican tradition. His father was a member of the Fourth Northern Division of the Irish Republican Army during the War of Independence.

O'Hanlon was educated at Mullaghbawn National School, before later attending St. Mary's College, Dundalk and Blackrock College in Dublin. He subsequently studied medicine at University College Dublin and qualified as a doctor. In 1965 he was appointed to Carrickmacross as the local general practitioner and was the medical representative on the North Eastern Health Board from its inception in 1970 until 1987.

Political career

Beginnings
O'Hanlon entered his first electoral contest when he was the Fianna Fáil candidate in the 1973 Monaghan by-election caused by the election of Erskine Childers to the Presidency. He was unsuccessful on this occasion but was eventually elected at the 1977 general election for the Cavan–Monaghan constituency.  O'Hanlon was one of a handful of new Fianna Fáil deputies who were elected in that landslide victory for the party and, as a new TD, he remained on the backbenches.  Two years later he became a member of Monaghan County Council, serving on that authority until 1987.

In 1979 Jack Lynch suddenly resigned as Taoiseach and leader of Fianna Fáil. The subsequent leadership election resulted in a straight contest between Charles Haughey and George Colley. The latter had the backing of the majority of the existing cabinet, however, a backbench revolt saw Haughey become Taoiseach. O'Hanlon had supported Colley and was thus overlooked for appointment to the new ministerial and junior ministerial positions. In spite of this he did become a member of the powerful Public Accounts Committee in the Oireachtas.

When Fianna Fáil returned to power after a short-lived Fine Gael-Labour Party government in 1982, O'Hanlon was once again overlooked for ministerial promotion. An extensive cabinet reshuffle towards the end of the year saw O'Hanlon become Minister of State for Social Welfare Payments. His tenure was short-lived as the government fell a few weeks later and Fianna Fáil were out of power.

Government minister
In early 1983, Charles Haughey announced a new front bench and O'Hanlon was promoted to the position of spokesperson on Health and Social Welfare.

Following the 1987 general election, Fianna Fáil were back in power, albeit with a minority government, and O'Hanlon became Minister for Health. Immediately after taking office, he was confronted with a number of controversial issues, including the resolution of a radiographers' dispute and the formation of an HIV/AIDS awareness campaign. While Fianna Fáil campaigned on a platform of not introducing any public spending cuts, the party committed a complete u-turn once in government. The savage cuts in relation to healthcare earned O'Hanlon the nickname "Dr. Death". In spite of earning this reputation, O'Hanlon also introduced law to curb smoking in public places.

O'Hanlon's handling of the Department of Health meant that he was one of the names tipped for promotion as a result of Ray MacSharry departure as Minister for Finance. In the end, he was retained as Minister for Health and was disappointed not to be given a new portfolio following the 1989 general election.

In 1991, O'Hanlon became Minister for the Environment following Albert Reynolds' failed leadership challenge against Charles Haughey.

When Reynolds eventually came to power in 1992, O'Hanlon was one of several high-profile members of the cabinet who lost their ministerial positions.

Post-cabinet career
In 1995, O'Hanlon became chairman of the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party before being elected Leas-Cheann Comhairle (deputy chairperson) of Dáil Éireann in 1997. Following the 2002 general election, O'Hanlon became Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann. In this position, he was required to remain neutral and, as such, he was no longer classed as a representative of any political party. He was an active chairman of the Dáil; however, on occasion, he was criticised, most notably by Labour's Pat Rabbitte, for allegedly stifling debate and being overly protective of the government. Following the 2007 general election, he was succeeded as Ceann Comhairle by John O'Donoghue. He was the Vice-Chairman of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Foreign Affairs.

He retired from politics at the 2011 general election.

Personal life
Two of O'Hanlon's children have served as local politicians in Cavan–Monaghan, a son Shane is a former member of Monaghan County Council and a daughter Fiona O'Hea served one term on Cootehill Town Council while the Sinn Féin TD Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin, is also a relation of O'Hanlon. He is also the father of actor and comedian Ardal O'Hanlon.

References

(acting)

1934 births
Living people
Alumni of University College Dublin
Fianna Fáil TDs
Members of Monaghan County Council
Members of the 21st Dáil
Members of the 22nd Dáil
Members of the 23rd Dáil
Members of the 24th Dáil
Members of the 25th Dáil
Members of the 26th Dáil
Members of the 27th Dáil
Members of the 28th Dáil
Members of the 29th Dáil
Members of the 30th Dáil
Ministers for Health (Ireland)
Ministers of State of the 23rd Dáil
People educated at Blackrock College
Politicians from County Dublin
Presiding officers of Dáil Éireann
Ministers for the Environment (Ireland)

Rory O'Hanlon


Arkæologisk horisont er i arkæologien benævnelsen på et lag som indeholder kulturgenstande på et arkæologisk fundsted eller et større geografisk område. Den udgør et distinkt lag inden for dette fundsteds eller områdes arkæologiske sekvens.

Referencer

Se også
 "Arkæologisk stratigrafi", afsnit i artiklen om Stratigrafi
 "Sorte Muld-pladser"

Eksterne henvisninger
 Archaeological sequence, (en) om udtrykket 'arkæologisk sekvens'

Litteratur

Horisont

Arkæologisk horisont


Yoshinori Sembiki (født 5. januar 1964) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller og træner.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Yomiuri.

Han har tidligere trænet Sagan Tosu og New Wave Kitakyushu.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan
Fodboldtrænere fra Japan

Yoshinori Sembiki


The Chevrolet Chevette is a front-engine, rear-drive subcompact manufactured and marketed by Chevrolet for model years 1976–1987 as a three-door or five-door hatchback.  Introduced in North America in September 1975, the Chevette superseded the Vega as Chevrolet's entry-level subcompact, and sold 2.8 million units over 12 years. The Chevette was the best-selling small car in the U.S. for model years 1979 and 1980.

The Chevette employed General Motors' global T platform which was co-developed by Opel and Isuzu in 1973. The first T-car model produced was the Brazilian Chevrolet Chevette released in the same year. Six months later the Opel Kadett C was released in Europe. Worldwide, GM manufactured and marketed more than 7 million T-cars  – either as rebadged models or locally-built versions in different countries. T-car variants were sold internationally as the Pontiac Acadian in Canada; Pontiac T1000/1000 in the United States (1981–1987); K-180 in Argentina; Vauxhall Chevette in the United Kingdom, Austria, France, Germany, New Zealand, Sweden, and Uruguay; Opel Kadett C in Germany; Isuzu Gemini in Japan, Holden Gemini in Australia; AYMESA Cóndor in Ecuador (from 1978); Saehan Gemini and Daewoo Maepsy in South Korea; and as a coupe utility (pickup), the Chevy (or GMC) 500 in Brazil and South America. A T-car variant remained in production in South America through 1998.

Introduced on a full-color nationwide campaign in 140–150 of the country's largest daily papers, the New York Times said the "little American car holds its own with the foreigners." Looking back on the Chevette in 2011, the same publication called the Chevette "haphazardly made, sparsely trimmed and underpowered." Consumer Guide described the Chevette as "unimaginative to an extreme."

Development
Under the direction of chief engineer John Mowrey, Chevrolet began developing the Chevette on December 24, 1973. It was a response to the federal CAFE standards and the 1973 oil crisis. The Chevette was prompted by GM's Energy Task Force, which arose out of the crisis and the resultant shift in consumer demand to smaller, foreign vehicles boasting greater fuel efficiency.

The Chevette used as its basis GM's World Car, "Project 909" – what would become the T-car program, so named because the vehicles shared GM's T platform.  With the well-known problems of its predecessor, the Vega, which included production issues, reliability problems, and a serious propensity for corrosion, the team reworked the international platform such that the Chevette shared not a single body panel with another T-car and reworked the underbody extensively to enhance corrosion protection. The Chevette's 1.4-liter base iron-block engine weighed 59 lb less than the Vega's much-heralded aluminum-block engine.

The first North American Chevette, a two-door hatchback called the Chevette Scooter, rolled off the assembly line on August 18, 1975  and officially introduced on September 16, in Washington, DC, with the first models going on sale on October 2. , just after new legislation-mandated Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. With initial projected sales of 275,000 units in its first year, numbers were cut in half as the price of oil stabilized. The Chevette ultimately reached 2,793,353 sales for its entire production across the 12 model years 1976–1987. Global T-car sales  surpassed 7 million in the end.  The last Chevette was manufactured on December 23, 1986, at Lakewood Assembly – following the end of production at Wilmington Assembly in September, 1985.  The last Chevette manufactured was a light-blue two-door hatchback shipped to a Chevrolet dealer in Springdale, Ohio.

The T-car had been launched internationally in Brazil under the Chevette name in 1973, as a two-door sedan and ultimately a four-door sedan, a two-door hatchback, and a two-door station wagon (named "Marajó"), as well as a pickup (named the "Chevy 500"), produced until 1994.

Model years (1976–1987)

The Chevette itself was initially available only as a two-door hatchback with a 1.4-liter OHC or 1.6-liter OHC gasoline inline-four engine.  Engines produced from  (subsequently ), driving the rear wheels. This engine is either a 1.4L Isuzu G140 or 1.6L G161Z. The inline four Isuzu engine had its block cast in Brazil and there is some confusion whether this is a different engine but the twin cam covers solves this issue; this is a Japanese Isuzu motor.
A four-speed manual transmission was standard, while a three-speed automatic transmission was optional. Other features included rack-and-pinion steering, front disc brakes, front stabilizer bar, 13-inch tires, tricolor taillights, front bucket seats, an onboard diagnostic system, extensive acoustic insulation, a single steering column-mounted stalk (integrating controls for signal indicators, wipers, and windshield washers), and factory options including swing-out rear quarter windows, AM/FM radio, analog clock, delayed wipers, and a chrome "Bright Package".  Front seats featured inertia locking mechanisms that enabled entry and exit adjustment of the front seatback without using a separate release.

Pontiac marketed a rebadged variant in Canada as the "Acadian". In addition to being the smallest, most fuel-efficient car marketed by Chevrolet, the Chevette was the lightest car marketed in the U.S. The EPA rated the base 1.4-liter engine at  city and  highway. Chevrolet claimed that the Chevette's turning circle (30.2 feet) was one of the smallest in the world and that it was essentially a "metric" car, "international in design and heritage". The 1976–1978 Chevettes can be identified by round headlights. Chrome-rimmed, tricolor taillights were used from 1976-1979.

Chevrolet marketed optional "Rally" and "Woody" packages, as well as the least expensive "Scooter" model. The Rally 1.6 included a 1.6-liter (98 cu in) engine in lieu of the 1.4-liter (85 cu in) overhead-cam four-cylinder, rated at  instead of , along with a rear stabilizer and special body graphics. The Chevette Woody (1976) featured simulated wood-grain siding and upgraded interior and exterior trim. The Scooter was offered as a base model with a $2,899 suggested retail price (), two front passenger seats, an optional rear seat, deletion of most exterior chrome (e.g., window surrounds), painted rather than chrome bumpers, an open glove box, black carpeting, door-pull straps in lieu of arm rests, fiberboard door panels, and a passenger seat without fore-aft adjustment. A total of 9,810 Scooter models were manufactured, compared to 178,007 regular hatchbacks.

In 1977, the engines offered were  and . The Scooter hatchback included a rear seat, while offering a rear-seat delete option. The Sandpiper trim package included a "reef"-patterned interior, deluxe door trim, cream gold or antique white exterior colors, and an exterior Sandpiper logo just behind each door.

In 1978, models had a revised grille with a grid design, while the grille and headlight frames were chromed for standard models, a four-door hatchback riding on a  wheelbase was added – two inches longer than the two-door – and this version accounted for more than half of the Chevette's nearly 300,000 sales. The 1.4-liter engine and Woody package were dropped with a fuel door added. A TH-180 automatic transmission was added to replace the THM-200 series automatic. An "HO" (high output) version was available in addition to the standard 1.6-liter, featuring a modified head and a larger valves-cam profile. The HO package also included a dual-outlet exhaust manifold. Prices were dropped and more standard equipment was added for 1978. Air conditioning, radial tires, an AM/FM radio, and power brakes were optional.

In 1979, the Holley two-barrel carburetor became standard on all models. The front fascia was revised with a flat hood, no longer wrapping down to the bumper. New for 1979 was a large chrome grille with Chevrolet's "bow-tie" emblem and rectangular headlights. A new air-injection system was introduced to improve catalytic-converter function at idle. An active passenger-restraint system was introduced in small numbers as an option which featured a lower hanging dashboard, automatic seatbelts, and a center-dash console. Chevette sales totaled more than 451,000 units – a figure that would rank it second only to Chevrolet's new Citation, which had a much longer model run (sales had started in April 1979). Consumer Guide testers managed "an honest 29 mpg in the city and 39 mpg on the highway". The 1980 rear fascia was revised with a squared-off hatch, wraparound taillights with combined, single-colored turn signals, and a round gas-filler door.

In August 1981, a diesel engine option was new with a late 1981 availability – this is a 1.8-liter Isuzu unit only available coupled to an Isuzu five-speed. The  powertrain is the same as was installed in the Isuzu I-Mark. It was not available with air conditioning. New styled-steel wheels with center caps were offered, and the previous wheel and hubcap design was discontinued. Domestic models received a new computer command control feedback system on gasoline engines. The HO option was discontinued. Electronic spark timing was used on 1981 models in place of mechanical timing advance. A new engine cylinder head design (swirl-port) was introduced to improve low-end torque and fuel economy. The Pontiac T1000 was introduced in the spring of 1981 for both the U.S. and Canadian markets, which shared all body stampings with the Chevette, featuring a chrome center with black-trimmed grille and headlight buckets, as well as standard chrome window trim with black area fill. The T1000 also had additional fresh-air vents at the outer ends of the dashboard. This gave Canadian Pontiac dealers 2 versions of the T-car: the Acadian and the T1000 (later, simply "1000") concurrently from 1981 to 1985. Power steering was a new option for the Chevette, as well as a 3.36 axle ratio (standard on T1000 models). The active passenger-restraint system was discontinued. New lighter-weight bucket seats were introduced that lacked much of the lower support of the heavier "panned" seats. A new adhesive-based, thinner windshield seal replaced the lock-ring type.

In 1982, models featured a five-speed manual transmission option on gasoline-powered two-door cars (standard with diesel). The Scooter was newly available as a four-door hatchback. New GM THM-180C (THM200C for diesel model) automatic transmissions, which included a locking torque converter for greater fuel mileage, were available. Introduction of a pump-driven AIR system in the late model year replaced PAIR to help efficiency of the catalytic converter. A new catalytic converter was introduced with an air inlet for forced air injection from the air pump. A new one-piece cardboard-based headliner with an updated overhead dome light replaced the earlier vinyl liner. The Pontiac T1000 received a unique grille, body molding, and horizontal lined taillights, as well as an alloy sport wheel option. General Motors of Canada's Pontiac Acadian, a rebadged Chevette, received all the T1000's Pontiac-exclusive features from this point on. Chevrolet sold 433,000 Chevettes in 1981 and 233,000 in 1982.

In 1983, the Chevettes had a makeover for the front and rear fasciae, and the Chevette CS was introduced. A black-finished grille and trim moldings replaced most chrome pieces. Scooter and base Chevettes featured black bumpers and end caps, while the higher-end Chevette CS models included color-keyed bumpers and caps with chrome bumper inserts as an option. Scooter and base models featured a black-only grille and headlight buckets, while CS models featured argent-colored trim. The Chevette S model introduced a cosmetic package that included black-painted styled-steel wheels and a red-accented grille and moldings, as well as oversized decal emblems in red. Front bucket seats featured new adjustable knobs on the sides, but lost the reclining levers of previous years. Interior trim was also blacked out with new black door handles and black plastic window regulators. An integrated cassette deck was optional with the stereo package. A chrome strip on the dashboard was available only on CS and S models until the end of production. Deluxe door panels were discontinued and all models featured plastic door panels, but base and Scooter models still featured laminated cardboard cargo area panels. The "diagnostic connector" was removed from the wiring harness.

In 1984, the low-cost Scooter model was discontinued, but kept for Chevettes made for Canada. The T1000 was renamed Pontiac 1000 in 1983 both in the U.S and Canada. The 1985 models carried few updates from the 1984 models. In 1986, the Chevette base model was discontinued, leaving only the CS and the S, which featured a third brake light, an instrument cluster "service engine soon" light, replacing the "check engine" light, and a new bowtie emblem on the front grille.

In 1987, Chevrolet dropped the Chevette S model and the diesel engine option (after 324 were sold in 1986, plus 264 diesel-engined Pontiac 1000). These were the last General Motors diesel passenger cars built for many decades, following the discontinuation of the Oldsmobile Diesel engine. The Chevette's price was also dropped to $4,995. Sales fell to just over 46,000 units, and production ended on December 23, 1986.

Electrovette
In 1978, General Motors Advanced Engineering developed a concept car, the Electrovette, based on the Chevette, but using an electric motor powered by lead-acid batteries. It was a strict two-seater and sat on a shortened wheelbase, with the batteries mounted in the rear. The car had a range of about  at , and a top speed of .

Leata Cabalero
A luxury variant of the Chevette, the Leata Cabalero, was manufactured and marketed for model years 1975 and 1977 by Stinebaugh Manufacturing Company, founded by Donald E. Stinebaugh (1916–1992) with his son Leonard D. "Sonny" Stinebaugh (1946–2001) in Post Falls, Idaho. Donald Stinebaugh named the car after his wife Hilda (Erickson) Stinebaugh, giving the car her nickname, Leata – a misspelling of lita, Norwegian for "little" in feminine form.

The Leata featured power windows, power seat and cruise control – as well as baroque styling with custom fiberglass body panels, round headlights in square bezels, a rectangular "classic" grille, and heavily styled fenders; 97 were made either in pickup or hatchback body styles.

Latin America

The Chevrolet Chevette was first launched by General Motors (Brazil) in 1973 as a two-door sedan. A four-door sedan followed in April 1978, and then a three-door hatchback was added in November 1979. The hatchback had unique bodywork for Latin America, longer than the European Kadett City and with a notch at the base à la the period Ford Escort. A three-door station wagon version, called the "Marajó" in Brazil, was added in September 1980, as was a sporting version of the hatchback called the 1.6 SR (with a mere four more horsepower, achieved by a somewhat higher compression ratio). In 1983, the Chevette received a thorough facelift with rectangular headlights, with the turn signals located underneath the headlights, a flatter hood, and a single-piece grille. The dash was also new, as were ventilation windows in the front doors. Mechanically, the 1.6 was now also available to run on gasoól and a five-speed manual gearbox was available as an option.

The Latin American Chevettes underwent a series of facelifts, in 1978, 1983, and a major one in 1987, which meant new headlights and a black plastic grille. Where available, the station wagon used the Chevette name outside of Brazil.

The hatchback remained in production until 1988, while the Marajó continued to be available until 1989. Marajó is an island located at the mouth of the Amazon River in Brazil. The four-door sedan version was built until 1989, mainly for export to other Latin American countries. The two-door sedan remained in production until 1993, only outlived by the pickup version (Chevy 500), which continued until 1994 after having been first launched in 1983. The four-door sedan continued to be built for a few more years in Ecuador and Colombia.

The Chevette originally appeared with a 1.4-liter inline-four of Isuzu origins, albeit with a single overhead cam rather than the pushrod model originally used in the United States. In 1981 this was augmented by a locally developed 1.6-liter version, it too with a single carburetor. The Brazilian 1.6 was somewhat larger than the Isuzu-developed G161Z engine used in North America. For 1988, the 1.6 gained a twin-carb setup and now produced  rather than the  in earlier version. This engine remained available until the end of Brazilian Chevette production. The lower-powered 1.4 was only available for gasohol as of 1981 and was discontinued entirely after 1982. A gasohol-powered version of the 1.6 appeared in its stead for 1983.

As a tax cut for sub-1-liter cars appeared in late 1990, General Motors do Brasil responded with the 1.0-litre "Chevette Junior" for early 1992. This used a narrow-bore, short-stroke  version of the OHC engine with a catalytic converter. The Junior did not do particularly well in the market, competing against the much more modern Fiat Uno Mille, Volkswagen Gol, and Ford Escort Hobby. Being rather underpowered and heavy at , with a top speed of , the 1.0 had a brief sales life. It only remained available until 1993, after which the Corsa took over. A 1.8-liter Isuzu diesel-engined version was also built in Uruguay, exclusively for the Uruguayan market. In the Brazilian market, both the 1.4 and the 1.6 were available in gasoline and alcohol versions.

In Argentina, the Kadett C was originally marketed as the Opel K-180, but between 1992 and 1995, the equivalent of the Brazilian Chevette was sold there as the GMC Chevette. Production in Colombia, where a special version for taxi usage was also built, continued until 1998. The Chevette was the number-one seller in Chile for some time, last in 1991. The Chevette was made locally in Chile in 2-door and 4-door form from 1976-1983 while the Marajo station wagon was always imported from Brazil as was the Chevy 500 pickup. After 1983, all Chevettes in Chile were imported from Brazil.  When catalytic converters were made a requirement in that country, GMB was unable to develop such an engine and the Chevette was withdrawn from the Chilean market after the 1992 model year.

Around 1.6 million units were built in Brazil, with the Corsa replacing the Junior and the Chevrolet Kadett/Ipanema replacing the bigger-engined versions. About one quarter of the production was exported.

Chevy 500

The Chevrolet Chevy 500 was the coupé utility version of the Brazilian Chevette. Launched in 1983, it was the precursor to the Classic/Corsa/Montana lineup of today. It competed with offerings from several other manufacturers, including the Fiat Fiorino, Ford Pampa, and Volkswagen Saveiro. Its payload was . Using the 1.6-liter OHC inline four rated at 70 hp, this model continued in production until 1994, and was the last Chevette version built in Brazil, where it was replaced by the coupé utility version of Chevrolet Corsa.

Grumett
Created by Horacio Torrendell, a fibreglass-bodied version (actually based on the Vauxhall Chevette's bodywork) called the Grumett was built in Uruguay. It was available either as a station wagon, as a pickup, or as a double-cab pickup. This replaced an earlier version (since 1976) which used bodywork based on that of the Vauxhall Viva, as well as Vauxhall mechanics. By 1980 the Vauxhall parts had become impossible to import and Grumett switched to Chevette parts from Brazil. The Grumett used the original 1.4-liter version of the Chevette engine. The regular Chevette was also assembled in Uruguay, by General Motors Uruguaya. It was sold there as a two- or four-door sedan, either with the 1.4 petrol or the 1.8 diesel.

Gallery

References

External links

Cars of Brazil
Chevette
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Subcompact cars
Hatchbacks
Coupé utilities
Cars introduced in 1976
1980s cars
1990s cars
Motor vehicles manufactured in the United States

Chevrolet Chevette


Så se mig nu er en dansk kortfilm fra 2013 instrueret af Trine Nadia og efter manuskript af Hanne Korvig og Trine Nadia.

Handling
Muslimske Rania er lesbisk og skal flytte sammen med sin danske kæreste. Men af angst for at miste sin far har hun holdt sin kærlighed skjult, og hun kommer i knibe, da faren vil gifte hende væk til en egyptisk mand. Hun bliver nødt til at træffe et valg.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2013

Så se mig nu


Les élections législatives de 1898 ont eu lieu les 8 et 22 mai 1898.

Résultats à l'échelle du département

Résultats par arrondissement

Arrondissement d'Ancenis

Arrondissement de Châteaubriant

Arrondissement de Nantes

1ère circonscription

2ème circonscription

3ème circonscription

Arrondissement de Paimbœuf

Arrondissement de Saint-Nazaire

1ère circonscription

2ème circonscription

Sources

Législatives, 1898
Loire-Atlantique

Élections législatives de 1898 dans la Loire-Inférieure


In mathematics and signal processing, the Hilbert transform  is a specific singular integral that takes a function,  of a real variable and produces another function of a real variable . The Hilbert transform is given by the Cauchy principal value of the convolution with the function   (see ).  The Hilbert transform has a particularly simple representation in the frequency domain: It imparts a phase shift of ±90° (/2 radians) to every frequency component of a function, the sign of the shift depending on the sign of the frequency (see ).  The Hilbert transform is important in signal processing, where it is a component of the analytic representation of a real-valued signal .  The Hilbert transform was first introduced by David Hilbert in this setting, to solve a special case of the Riemann–Hilbert problem for analytic functions.

Definition
The Hilbert transform of  can be thought of as the convolution of  with the function , known as the Cauchy kernel. Because 1/ is not integrable across , the integral defining the convolution does not always converge. Instead, the Hilbert transform is defined using the Cauchy principal value (denoted here by ). Explicitly, the Hilbert transform of a function (or signal)  is given by

provided this integral exists as a principal value. This is precisely the convolution of  with the tempered distribution . Alternatively, by changing variables, the principal-value integral can be written explicitly as

When the Hilbert transform is applied twice in succession to a function , the result is

provided the integrals defining both iterations converge in a suitable sense. In particular, the inverse transform is
. This fact can most easily be seen by considering the effect of the Hilbert transform on the Fourier transform of  (see  below).

For an analytic function in the upper half-plane, the Hilbert transform describes the relationship between the real part and the imaginary part of the boundary values. That is, if  is analytic in the upper half complex plane , and , then  up to an additive constant, provided this Hilbert transform exists.

Notation
In signal processing the Hilbert transform of  is commonly denoted by . However, in mathematics, this notation is already extensively used to denote the Fourier transform of . Occasionally, the Hilbert transform may be denoted by . Furthermore, many sources define the Hilbert transform as the negative of the one defined here.

History
The Hilbert transform arose in Hilbert's 1905 work on a problem Riemann posed concerning analytic functions, which has come to be known as the Riemann–Hilbert problem. Hilbert's work was mainly concerned with the Hilbert transform for functions defined on the circle. Some of his earlier work related to the Discrete Hilbert Transform dates back to lectures he gave in Göttingen. The results were later published by Hermann Weyl in his dissertation. Schur improved Hilbert's results about the discrete Hilbert transform and extended them to the integral case. These results were restricted to the spaces  and . In 1928, Marcel Riesz proved that the Hilbert transform can be defined for u in  (Lp space) for , that the Hilbert transform is a bounded operator on  for , and that similar results hold for the Hilbert transform on the circle as well as the discrete Hilbert transform. The Hilbert transform was a motivating example for Antoni Zygmund and Alberto Calderón during their study of singular integrals. Their investigations have played a fundamental role in modern harmonic analysis. Various generalizations of the Hilbert transform, such as the bilinear and trilinear Hilbert transforms are still active areas of research today.

Relationship with the Fourier transform
The Hilbert transform is a multiplier operator. The multiplier of  is , where  is the signum function. Therefore:

where  denotes the Fourier transform. Since , it follows that this result applies to the three common definitions of .

By Euler's formula,

Therefore,  has the effect of shifting the phase of the negative frequency components of  by +90° ( radians) and the phase of the positive frequency components by −90°, and  has the effect of restoring the positive frequency components while shifting the negative frequency ones an additional +90°, resulting in their negation (i.e., a multiplication by −1).

When the Hilbert transform is applied twice, the phase of the negative and positive frequency components of  are respectively shifted by +180° and −180°, which are equivalent amounts. The signal is negated; i.e., , because

Table of selected Hilbert transforms
In the following table, the frequency parameter  is real.

Notes

An extensive table of Hilbert transforms is available.
Note that the Hilbert transform of a constant is zero.

Domain of definition
It is by no means obvious that the Hilbert transform is well-defined at all, as the improper integral defining it must converge in a suitable sense. However, the Hilbert transform is well-defined for a broad class of functions, namely those in  for .

More precisely, if  is in  for , then the limit defining the improper integral

exists for almost every . The limit function is also in  and is in fact the limit in the mean of the improper integral as well. That is,

as  in the  norm, as well as pointwise almost everywhere, by the Titchmarsh theorem.

In the case , the Hilbert transform still converges pointwise almost everywhere, but may itself fail to be integrable, even locally. In particular, convergence in the mean does not in general happen in this case. The Hilbert transform of an  function does converge, however, in -weak, and the Hilbert transform is a bounded operator from  to . (In particular, since the Hilbert transform is also a multiplier operator on , Marcinkiewicz interpolation and a duality argument furnishes an alternative proof that  is bounded on .)

Properties

Boundedness
If , then the Hilbert transform on  is a bounded linear operator, meaning that there exists a constant  such that

for all

The best constant  is given by

An easy way to find the best  for  being a power of 2 is through the so-called Cotlar's identity that  for all real valued . The same best constants hold for the periodic Hilbert transform.

The boundedness of the Hilbert transform implies the  convergence of the symmetric partial sum operator

to  in

Anti-self adjointness
The Hilbert transform is an anti-self adjoint operator relative to the duality pairing between  and the dual space  where  and  are Hölder conjugates and . Symbolically,

for  and

Inverse transform
The Hilbert transform is an anti-involution, meaning that

provided each transform is well-defined. Since  preserves the space  this implies in particular that the Hilbert transform is invertible on  and that

Complex structure
Because   ("" is the identity operator) on the real Banach space of real-valued functions in  the Hilbert transform defines a linear complex structure on this Banach space. In particular, when , the Hilbert transform gives the Hilbert space of real-valued functions in  the structure of a complex Hilbert space.

The (complex) eigenstates of the Hilbert transform admit representations as holomorphic functions in the upper and lower half-planes in the Hardy space  by the Paley–Wiener theorem.

Differentiation
Formally, the derivative of the Hilbert transform is the Hilbert transform of the derivative, i.e. these two linear operators commute:

Iterating this identity,

This is rigorously true as stated provided  and its first  derivatives belong to  One can check this easily in the frequency domain, where differentiation becomes multiplication by .

Convolutions
The Hilbert transform can formally be realized as a convolution with the tempered distribution

Thus formally,

However, a priori this may only be defined for  a distribution of compact support. It is possible to work somewhat rigorously with this since compactly supported functions (which are distributions a fortiori) are dense in .  Alternatively, one may use the fact that h(t) is the distributional derivative of the function ; to wit

For most operational purposes the Hilbert transform can be treated as a convolution. For example, in a formal sense, the Hilbert transform of a convolution is the convolution of the Hilbert transform applied on only one of either of the factors:

This is rigorously true if  and  are compactly supported distributions since, in that case,

By passing to an appropriate limit, it is thus also true if  and  provided that

from a theorem due to Titchmarsh.

Invariance
The Hilbert transform has the following invariance properties on .
 It commutes with translations.  That is, it commutes with the operators  for all  in
 It commutes with positive dilations.  That is it commutes with the operators  for all .
 It anticommutes with the reflection .

Up to a multiplicative constant, the Hilbert transform is the only bounded operator on 2 with these properties.

In fact there is a wider set of operators that commute with the Hilbert transform. The group  acts by unitary operators  on the space  by the formula

This unitary representation is an example of a principal series representation of  In this case it is reducible, splitting as the orthogonal sum of two invariant subspaces, Hardy space  and its conjugate. These are the spaces of  boundary values of holomorphic functions on the upper and lower halfplanes.  and its conjugate consist of exactly those  functions with Fourier transforms vanishing on the negative and positive parts of the real axis respectively. Since the Hilbert transform is equal to , with  being the orthogonal projection from  onto  and  the identity operator, it follows that  and its orthogonal complement are eigenspaces of  for the eigenvalues . In other words,  commutes with the operators . The restrictions of the operators  to  and its conjugate give irreducible representations of  – the so-called limit of discrete series representations.

Extending the domain of definition

Hilbert transform of distributions
It is further possible to extend the Hilbert transform to certain spaces of distributions . Since the Hilbert transform commutes with differentiation, and is a bounded operator on ,  restricts to give a continuous transform on the inverse limit of Sobolev spaces:

The Hilbert transform can then be defined on the dual space of , denoted , consisting of  distributions. This is accomplished by the duality pairing:
For  define:

It is possible to define the Hilbert transform on the space of tempered distributions as well by an approach due to Gel'fand and Shilov, but considerably more care is needed because of the singularity in the integral.

Hilbert transform of bounded functions
The Hilbert transform can be defined for functions in  as well, but it requires some modifications and caveats. Properly understood, the Hilbert transform maps  to the Banach space of bounded mean oscillation (BMO) classes.

Interpreted naïvely, the Hilbert transform of a bounded function is clearly ill-defined. For instance, with , the integral defining  diverges almost everywhere to . To alleviate such difficulties, the Hilbert transform of an  function is therefore defined by the following regularized form of the integral

where as above  and

The modified transform  agrees with the original transform up to an additive constant on functions of compact support from a general result by Calderón and Zygmund. Furthermore, the resulting integral converges pointwise almost everywhere, and with respect to the BMO norm, to a function of bounded mean oscillation.

A deep result of Fefferman's work is that a function is of bounded mean oscillation if and only if it has the form  for some

Conjugate functions
The Hilbert transform can be understood in terms of a pair of functions  and  such that the function

is the boundary value of a holomorphic function  in the upper half-plane. Under these circumstances, if  and  are sufficiently integrable, then one is the Hilbert transform of the other.

Suppose that  Then, by the theory of the Poisson integral,  admits a unique harmonic extension into the upper half-plane, and this extension is given by

which is the convolution of  with the Poisson kernel

Furthermore, there is a unique harmonic function  defined in the upper half-plane such that  is holomorphic and

This harmonic function is obtained from  by taking a convolution with the conjugate Poisson kernel

Thus

Indeed, the real and imaginary parts of the Cauchy kernel are

so that  is holomorphic by Cauchy's integral formula.

The function  obtained from  in this way is called the harmonic conjugate of . The (non-tangential) boundary limit of  as  is the Hilbert transform of . Thus, succinctly,

Titchmarsh's theorem

Titchmarsh's theorem (named for E. C. Titchmarsh who included it in his 1937 work) makes precise the relationship between the boundary values of holomorphic functions in the upper half-plane and the Hilbert transform. It gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a complex-valued square-integrable function  on the real line to be the boundary value of a function in the Hardy space  of holomorphic functions in the upper half-plane .

The theorem states that the following conditions for a complex-valued square-integrable function  are equivalent:

  is the limit as  of a holomorphic function  in the upper half-plane such that
 The real and imaginary parts of  are Hilbert transforms of each other.
 The Fourier transform  vanishes for .

A weaker result is true for functions of class  for . Specifically, if  is a holomorphic function such that

for all , then there is a complex-valued function  in  such that  in the  norm as  (as well as holding pointwise almost everywhere).  Furthermore,

where  is a real-valued function in  and  is the Hilbert transform (of class ) of .

This is not true in the case . In fact, the Hilbert transform of an  function  need not converge in the mean to another  function. Nevertheless, the Hilbert transform of  does converge almost everywhere to a finite function  such that

This result is directly analogous to one by Andrey Kolmogorov for Hardy functions in the disc. Although usually called Titchmarsh's theorem, the result aggregates much work of others, including Hardy, Paley and Wiener (see Paley–Wiener theorem), as well as work by Riesz, Hille, and Tamarkin

Riemann–Hilbert problem
One form of the Riemann–Hilbert problem seeks to identify pairs of functions  and  such that  is holomorphic on the upper half-plane and  is holomorphic on the lower half-plane, such that for  along the real axis,

where  is some given real-valued function of  The left-hand side of this equation may be understood either as the difference of the limits of  from the appropriate half-planes, or as a hyperfunction distribution. Two functions of this form are a solution of the Riemann–Hilbert problem.

Formally, if  solve the Riemann–Hilbert problem

then the Hilbert transform of  is given by

Hilbert transform on the circle

For a periodic function  the circular Hilbert transform is defined:

The circular Hilbert transform is used in giving a characterization of Hardy space and in the study of the conjugate function in Fourier series. The kernel,

is known as the Hilbert kernel since it was in this form the Hilbert transform was originally studied.

The Hilbert kernel (for the circular Hilbert transform) can be obtained by making the Cauchy kernel  periodic. More precisely, for

Many results about the circular Hilbert transform may be derived from the corresponding results for the Hilbert transform from this correspondence.

Another more direct connection is provided by the Cayley transform , which carries the real line onto the circle and the upper half plane onto the unit disk. It induces a unitary map

of  onto  The operator  carries the Hardy space  onto the Hardy space .

Hilbert transform in signal processing

Bedrosian's theorem
Bedrosian's theorem states that the Hilbert transform of the product of a low-pass and a high-pass signal with non-overlapping spectra is given by the product of the low-pass signal and the Hilbert transform of the high-pass signal, or

where  and  are the low- and high-pass signals respectively.  A category of communication signals to which this applies is called the narrowband signal model.  A member of that category is amplitude modulation of a high-frequency sinusoidal "carrier":

where  is the narrow bandwidth "message" waveform, such as voice or music.  Then by Bedrosian's theorem:

Analytic representation

A specific type of conjugate function is:

known as the analytic representation of   The name reflects its mathematical tractability, due largely to Euler's formula.  Applying Bedrosian's theorem to the narrowband model, the analytic representation is:

A Fourier transform property indicates that this complex heterodyne operation can shift all the negative frequency components of  above 0 Hz. In that case, the imaginary part of the result is a Hilbert transform of the real part. This is an indirect way to produce Hilbert transforms.

Angle (phase/frequency) modulation
The form:

is called angle modulation, which includes both phase modulation and frequency modulation. The instantaneous frequency is    For sufficiently large , compared to

and:

Single sideband modulation (SSB)

When  in  is also an analytic representation (of a message waveform), that is:

the result is single-sideband modulation:

whose transmitted component is:

Causality
The function  presents two causality-based challenges to practical implementation in a convolution (in addition to its undefined value at 0):
 Its duration is infinite (technically infinite support).  Finite-length windowing reduces the effective frequency range of the transform; shorter windows result in greater losses at low and high frequencies. See also quadrature filter.
 It is a non-causal filter.  So a delayed version,  is required.  The corresponding output is subsequently delayed by   When creating the imaginary part of an analytic signal, the source (real part) must also be delayed by .

Discrete Hilbert transform

For a discrete function,  with discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT),  and discrete Hilbert transform  the DTFT of  in the region  is given by:

The inverse DTFT, using the convolution theorem, is:

where

which is an infinite impulse response (IIR). When the convolution is performed numerically, an FIR approximation is substituted for , as shown in Figure 1. An FIR filter with an odd number of anti-symmetric coefficients is called Type III, which inherently exhibits responses of zero magnitude at frequencies 0 and Nyquist, resulting in this case in a bandpass filter shape. A Type IV design (even number of anti-symmetric coefficients) is shown in Figure 2. Since the magnitude response at the Nyquist frequency does not drop out, it approximates an ideal Hilbert transformer a little better than the odd-tap filter. However
 A typical (i.e. properly filtered and sampled)  sequence has no useful components at the Nyquist frequency.
 The Type IV impulse response requires a  sample shift in the  sequence. That causes the zero-valued coefficients to become non-zero, as seen in Figure 2. So a Type III design is potentially twice as efficient as Type IV.
 The group delay of a Type III design is an integer number of samples, which facilitates aligning  with  to create an analytic signal. The group delay of Type IV is halfway between two samples.

The MATLAB function, , convolves a u[n] sequence with the periodic summation:

and returns one cycle ( samples) of the periodic result in the imaginary part of a complex-valued output sequence.  The convolution is implemented in the frequency domain as the product of the array    with samples of the  distribution (whose real and imaginary components are all just 0 or ). Figure 3 compares a half-cycle of  with an equivalent length portion of . Given an FIR approximation for  denoted by  substituting  for the  samples results in an FIR version of the convolution.

The real part of the output sequence is the original input sequence, so that the complex output is an analytic representation of . When the input is a segment of a pure cosine, the resulting convolution for two different values of  is depicted in Figure 4 (red and blue plots). Edge effects prevent the result from being a pure sine function (green plot). Since  is not an FIR sequence, the theoretical extent of the effects is the entire output sequence. But the differences from a sine function diminish with distance from the edges. Parameter  is the output sequence length. If it exceeds the length of the input sequence, the input is modified by appending zero-valued elements. In most cases, that reduces the magnitude of the differences. But their duration is dominated by the inherent rise and fall times of the  impulse response.

An appreciation for the edge effects is important when a method called overlap-save is used to perform the convolution on a long  sequence. Segments of length  are convolved with the periodic function:

When the duration of non-zero values of  is  the output sequence includes  samples of   outputs are discarded from each block of , and the input blocks are overlapped by that amount to prevent gaps.

Figure 5 is an example of using both the IIR hilbert(·) function and the FIR approximation. In the example, a sine function is created by computing the Discrete Hilbert transform of a cosine function, which was processed in four overlapping segments, and pieced back together. As the FIR result (blue) shows, the distortions apparent in the IIR result (red) are not caused by the difference between  and  (green and red in Figure 3). The fact that  is tapered (windowed) is actually helpful in this context. The real problem is that it's not windowed enough. Effectively, , whereas the overlap-save method needs .

Number-theoretic Hilbert transform
The number theoretic Hilbert transform is an extension of the discrete Hilbert transform to integers modulo an appropriate prime number. In this it follows the generalization of discrete Fourier transform to number theoretic transforms. The number theoretic Hilbert transform can be used to generate sets of orthogonal discrete sequences.

See also
 Analytic signal
 Harmonic conjugate
 Hilbert spectroscopy
 Hilbert transform in the complex plane
 Hilbert–Huang transform
 Kramers–Kronig relation
 Riesz transform
 Single-sideband signal
 Singular integral operators of convolution type

Notes

Page citations

References

 ; also http://www.fuchs-braun.com/media/d9140c7b3d5004fbffff8007fffffff0.pdf

 ; also https://www.dsprelated.com/freebooks/mdft/Analytic_Signals_Hilbert_Transform.html

Further reading

External links

 Derivation of the boundedness of the Hilbert transform
 Mathworld Hilbert transform — Contains a table of transforms

  an entry level introduction to Hilbert transformation.

Harmonic functions
Integral transforms
Signal processing
Singular integrals
Schwartz distributions

Hilbert transform


An Tillandsia didisticha in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Charles Jacques Édouard Morren, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni John Gilbert Baker. An Tillandsia didisticha in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tillandsia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Tillandsia

Tillandsia didisticha


Nationalligaen for demokrati, på engelsk benævnt National League for Democracy eller NLD, er Burmas vigtigste politiske oppositionsparti, ledet af Nobelpristageren Aung San Suu Kyi. Partiet blev oprettet i 1988 og tog i landets første flerpartivalg i 1990 392 af 492 parlamentspladser. Den styrende socialistiske militærjunta State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) nægtede imidlertid at give magten fra sig, og Aung San Suu Kyi sattes i husarrest.

I maj 2010 opløstes partiet formelt af Burmas styrende militærjunta efter, at det havde valgt at boykotte valget, som planlagdes at blive afholdt i efteråret 2010.

Aung San Suu Kyi blev frigivet den 13. november 2010. I november 2011 erklærede partiet, at det igen ville ansøge om registrering som politisk parti, og ansøgningen godkendtes i december samme år.

Historie

Partiet blev dannet efter det såkaldte 8888-oprør for demokrati, som udbrød den 8. august 1988 (deraf navnet). Aung San Suu Kyi, datter af Aung San, som forhandlede Burmas selvstændighed fra Storbritannien i 1947, blev efterhånden et vigtigt symbol og en lederskikkelse for demokratibevægelsen. Den 26. august talte hun til en halv million mennesker ved Shwedagon Pagoda i Yangon. Den 18. september tog militæret magten i landet ved Rådet for genoprettelse af lov og orden (SLORC). De lovede imidlertid, at der skulle afholdes flerpartivalg, og dette skete med valget i 1990, hvor der blev valgt mandater til en konstitutionel komité med 492 pladser, som skulle udarbejde en ny grundlov. Ved valget, som havde en valgdeltagelse på 72,6%, vandt NLD 58.7% af stemmerne og 392 af de nye pladser. Valget blev imidlertid annulleret af SLORC, og partileder Aung San Suu Kyi blev sat i husarrest, hvor hun skulle blive siddende i 16 af de næste 21 år. Andre partimedlemmer, som slap væk, dannede imidlertid eksilregeringen NCGUB.

I 2010 blev det meddelt, at der igen skulle holdes valg i Burma, men mange af NLDs vigtigste politikere ville blive fohindrede i at stille op, fordi de fortsat sad fængslede eller var i husarrest. Da NLD ikke fik opfyldt sit krav om at få disse løsladt forud for valget, bestemte de sig til at boycotte valget. Dette medførte, at militærmyndighederne erklærede partiet for opløst.

Aung San Suu Kyi blev frigivet den 13. november 2010, lige efter valget den 7. november. I løbet af 2011 blev der afholdt flere møder mellem myndighederne og Aung San Suu Kyi, hvorunder myndighederne viste vilje til at imødekomme enkelte af hendes krav. I oktober blev omkring en tiendedel af landets politiske fanger løsladte, og fagforeninger blev tilladte. Som følge af den den ændrede politiske situation bestemte NLD sig den 18.november 2011 for at lade sig registrere som parti igen, hvilket åbnede for, at partiet kunne stille til næste valg, som var suppleringsvalget til de 48 pladser, som stod tomme i nationalforsamlingen,; valget blev afholdt den 1. april.

Ved suppleringsvalget 1. april 2012 vandt NLD 42 af de 44 pladser de stillede til valg på af totalt 45 pladser, som var på valg.

Partiet blev kritiseret for at modvirke muslimske kandidater under forberedelserne til valget i 2015, et skridt set som relateret til dets ønske om at bevare gode forbindelser med hårdlivet buddhistiske munke som organisationen Ma Ba Tha. Ko Ni, der var juridisk rådgiver for partiet og muslim, blev myrdet i januar 2017.

Valgresultater

Nationaliteternes Hus (Amyotha Hluttaw)

Repræsentanternes Hus (Pyithu Hluttaw)

Statslige og Regionale Hluttaws

Noter

Politiske partier i Burma
Etableret i 1988

Nationalligaen for demokrati


Marele Uriaș Prietenos (titlu original: The BFG) este un film american din 2016 regizat și co-produs de Steven Spielberg. Este primul film al lui Spielberg regizat pentru Walt Disney Pictures.
Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Mark Rylance, Ruby Barnhill, Penelope Wilton, Jemaine Clement, Rebecca Hall, Rafe Spall și Bill Hader. Scenariul este scris de Melissa Mathison și este bazat pe romanul The BFG din 1982 de Roald Dahl.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Mark Rylance - BFG
Ruby Barnhill - orfana Sophie
Penelope Wilton ca Queen Elizabeth II
Jemaine Clement -  Fleshlumpeater
Rebecca Hall - Mary
Rafe Spall - Mr. Tibbs, valetul reginei.
Bill Hader - Bloodbottler
Michael David Adamthwaite - Butcherboy
Daniel Bacon -  Bonecruncher
Chris Gibbs - Gizzardgulper
Adam Godley - Manhugger
Paul Moniz de Sa - Meatdripper
Jonathan Holmes - Childchewer
Ólafur Ólafsson - Maidmasher
Marilyn Norry - Mrs. Clonkers
Chris Shields, Matt Frewer și Geoffrey Wade ca generali ai reginei

În limba română își dispută rolurile: solista vocală Nicole Cherry în rolul orfanei Sophie, cât și prezentatoarea de televiziune și actrița Cristina Cioran în rolul lui Mary.

Producție
Filmările au început la 23 martie 2015, în Vancouver și s-au terminat la 12 iunie 2015. Weta Digital a realizat efectele vizuale. Cheltuielile de producție s-au ridicat la 140 de milioane $.

Primire

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și

Filme din 2016
Filme americane
Filme în limba engleză
Filme regizate de Steven Spielberg
Filme fantastice din anii 2010
Filme Walt Disney Pictures
Filme Amblin Entertainment
Filme Reliance Entertainment
Filme Walden Media
Filme The Kennedy/Marshall Company

Marele Uriaș Prietenos


Systur (prononciation islandaise : [ˈsɪstʏr] ; lit. "Sœurs"), également connu sous le nom Sigga, Beta & Elín et anciennement Tripolia, est un groupe islandais composé des sœurs Sigríður, Elísabet et Elín Eyþórsdóttir. Elles représentent l'Islande au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2022 à Turin, en Italie, avec la chanson Með hækkandi sól, après avoir remporté la sélection nationale islandaise Söngvakeppnin 2022. Avec DJ Friðfinnur "Oculus" Sigurðsson, ils ont formé le groupe Sísý Ey depuis 2011.

Histoire
Sigríður, Elísabet et Elín Eyþórsdóttir ont grandi à Vesturbær, Grafarvogur et Reykjavík. Leur mère est la chanteuse Ellen Kristjánsdóttir et leur père est le compositeur et claviériste Eyþór Gunnarsson du groupe Mezzoforte. Les sœurs ont commencé leur carrière musicale en 2011 sous le nom de groupe Sísý Ey, qu'elles ont nommé d'après leur grand-mère. Sísý Ey a sorti son premier single Ain't Got Nobody en 2013 et s'est produit au Festival de Glastonbury en 2016. En 2017, elles sortent leur premier single en trio, intitulé Bounce from the Bottom.

2022 : Concours Eurovision de la chanson
Le , Sigga, Beta & Elín ont été annoncés parmi les dix sélectionnés par RÚV pour participer à la prochaine édition de Söngvakeppnin, la sélection nationale islandaise pour le concours Eurovision de la chanson. Elles ont présenté le titre Með hækkandi sól dans la première demi-finale le 26 février et se sont qualifiés pour la finale le 12 mars. Elles ont ensuite remporté le concours, battant Reykjavíkurdætur en finale et ont ainsi remporté le droit de représenter l'Islande au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2022 à Turin, en Italie.

Discographie

Singles

En tant que Sísý Ey

Références

Liens externes

Groupe musical féminin
Trio musical
Participant au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2022
Participant au Concours Eurovision de la chanson pour l'Islande
Groupe de musique folk
Groupe musical islandais
Groupe musical composé de frères et sœurs

Systur


Coombs-Goodfellow ist der Nachname folgender Personen:

 Ian Coombs-Goodfellow (* 1963), Badmintonspieler aus Jersey
 Kerry Coombs-Goodfellow (* 1971), Badmintonspielerin aus Jersey

Coombs-Goodfellow


Le , ou Shimotachiuri-dōri, est une voie du centre-nord de Kyoto, dans les arrondissements d'Ukyō, Nakagyō et de Kamigyō. Orientée ouest-est de son début au , elle est orientée est-ouest du  au , puis est à double-sens jusqu'à son aboutissant, le .

Description

Situation
La voie est située au centre nord de la ville de Kyoto, entre le  au Kyōto Gyoen, dans l'arrondissement de Kamigyō, et le Marutamachi-dōri, dans l'arrondissement d'Ukyō. La rue est à double sens de Karasuma à Horikawa, mais rétrécit à partir du Horikawa pour devenir à sens unique.

À l' débute une deuxième rue juste au-dessus du Shimodachiuri-dōri, l', rue Shimodachiuri-dōri du haut, et le Shimodachiuri-dōri original devient le , rue Shimodachiuri-dōri du bas. La portion du bas termine lorsqu'il croise le Marutamachi-dōri, mais la portion du haut continue en suivant le tracé de la route préfectorale 186 pour rejoindre l'extrémité ouest de la ville  plus loin.

Elle est suivie au nord par le Demizu-dōri (出水通) et précède le Sawaragichō-dōri au sud.

Voies rencontrées
De l'ouest vers l'est, en sens unique, jusqu'au Senbon-dōri, puis de l'est vers l'ouest, avant de devenir à deux sens à partir du Horikawa-dōri. Les voies rencontrées de la droite sont mentionnées par (d), tandis que celles rencontrées de la gauche, par (g), en gardant le sens de l'ouest vers l'est (même quand la rue est orientée est-ouest).

  (丸太町通)
 Kitsuji-dōri (木辻通)
  (西小路通)
 Badai-dōri (馬代通)
  (佐井西通)
  (佐井通)
  (西大路通)
 Nishidoi-dōri (西土居通)
 Tenjin-dōri (天神通)
  (御前通)
 Shimonomori-dōri (下ノ森通) - aussi appelée Aiainozushi-dōri (相合図子通)
  (七本松通)
 (d) Nishimachi-dōri ? (西町通)
 Rokkenmachi-dōri (六軒町通)
 (g) Rue sans nom
Rue est-ouest
  (千本通)
 Tsuchiyamachi-dōri (土屋町通)
 Jōfukuji-dōri (浄福寺通)
 (d) Rue sans nom
 Chiekōin-dōri (智恵光院通)
 Higurashi-dōri (日暮通)
 Matsuyachō-dōri (松屋町通)
  (大宮通)
  (黒門通)
  (猪熊通)
 Yoshiyamachi-dōri (葭屋町通)
  (堀川通)
Rue à deux sens
  (東堀川通)
  (油小路通)
  (小川通)
  (西洞院通)
 (d) Kamanza-dōri (釜座通)
  (新町通)
  (衣棚通)
  (室町通)
  (烏丸通)
 Sources :

Transports en commun

Odonymie
Le nom de la rue, Shimodachiuri (下立売), vient du fait qu'il y un groupe de trois rues dachiuri, celle au nord, le Kamidachiuri-dōri (上立売通), celle du centre, le Nakadachiuri-dōri (中立売通), et celle au sud, le Shimodachiuri-dōri. La locution dachiuri (立売), qui signifie vente debout fait référence aux marchands ambulants qui y étaient installés et qui n'avaient pas de magasins.

Histoire
À l'époque de la ville impériale, la rue mesurait  de large et s'appelait le Kadenokōji (勘解由小路). La rue s'étendait même jusqu'à l' (間之町通) et au , mais la construction du Palais impérial a coupé cette portion de la rue. Depuis l'époque d'Edo, la rue porte son nom actuel.

Étant plus au sud et proche du centre-ville, le Shimodachiuri est celle des trois rues dachiuri qui s'est le plus développée. Elle est rapidement devenue une rue commerçante pour les daimyos et les , samouraïs mineurs affiliés aux daimyos. La section plus large de la rue, qui s'étend de Horikawa à Karasuma, était parcourue par le tramway de Kyoto de 1887 à 1918.

Patrimoine et lieux d'intérêt
Le Shimodachiuri-dōri est une rue à grand caractère historique. Du Karasuma-dōri au Horikawa-dōri, de nombreuses maisons anciennes et de grands édifice d'architecture européenne se dressent d'un côté et de l'autre de la rue, tandis que plus à l'ouest se trouvent des temples et des vieilles échoppes.

On y retrouve à son extrémité est le Kyōto Gyoen, parc du palais impérial de Kyoto. À l'intersection avec le Chiekōin-dōri se trouve l'édifice de la , qui une grande valeur historique, puisqu'établi depuis l'époque d'Edo. Devant l'enseigne se trouve une exposition sur les bombardements aériens de Nishijin, qui ont touché cette partie de la ville durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

De nombreux temples bouddhistes se trouvent sur la rue, comme le Chikurin-ji (竹林寺), peu après le pont sur la  (天神川). S'y trouve le monument aux braves de , samouraï et seigneur à Kyoto exécuté pour s'être rebellé. Un de ses os y est aussi exposé. À l'extrémité ouest, sur l'Ue no Shimodachiuri-dōri, se trouve le Hōrin-ji (法輪寺), temple bouddhiste réputé pour être le temple daruma à Kyoto. Plus à l'est, près du Shichihonmatsu-dōri se dresse le Guzei-ji (弘誓寺), qui comprend un monument à Kimura Shigenari, vassal de Toyotomi Hideyoshi mort à Osaka. Il y a aussi des sanctuaires shinto, comme le , populaire puisqu'il abrite Sugawara no Michizane, personnalité défiée représentant l'éducation.

La rue passe aussi par les ruines des murs intérieurs de la ville impériale, qui se trouvent à la hauteur du Senbon-dōri. Près du Horikawa-dōri se trouve l' ainsi que des monuments à l'ancien campus de l'université Keiō à Kyoto. Aux extrémités est de la rue se trouvent deux autres lieux d'intérêt ; le site de l'ancien château de Nijō (二条城), remplacé par l'édifice de l'ancien collège Heian Jōgakuin (平安城学院), ainsi que la , cathédrale du diocès anglican de Kyoto.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

Liens externes
  sur OpenStreetMap.

Voie à Kyoto

Shimodachiuri-dōri


Unter Arsall wird eine Reihe von Designstücken aus Glas im Jugendstil (frz. Art Nouveau) verstanden, die von den Vereinigten Lausitzer Glaswerken Weißwasser durch besondere Glasbearbeitungstechniken produziert und unter eigenem Markenzeichen vertrieben wurden.

Das Wort Arsall ist dabei ein Kunstwort, zusammengesetzt aus Ars (lat. Kunst) und allemand (franz. deutsch).

Geschichte
Zu Beginn des Jahres 1918 hatten die Vereinigten Lausitzer Glaswerke (VLG) den Schutz für die Signatur Arsall als eingetragenes Warenzeichen beantragt. Der Eintrag erfolgte am 10. Mai 1918, wurde nach 10 Jahren, am 15. März 1928 erneuert und nach Ablauf der Schutzfrist am 9. August 1938 gelöscht. Nach dem Vorbild von Émile Gallé, einem französischen Künstler und der von ihm 1901 gegründeten École de Nancy, wurde in dem damaligen Dorf Weißwasser, welches sich zum größten glasproduzierenden Standort der Welt entwickelte, noch im Jahre 1918 damit begonnen, Designglas unter der Marke "Arsall" herzustellen. Dazu wurden in Handarbeit farbige Überfanggläser mit überwiegend floralem Dekor im Stil des französisch-lothringischen Art Nouveau hergestellt. Bis auf wenige Ausnahmen ist bei allen Lausitzer Gläsern am Boden eine Modellnummer hinein- oder herausgeätzt oder seltener mit einem Kopierstift geschrieben. In der Mehrzahl sind sie zudem mit einer reliefartigen, aus dem Überfang herausgeätzten Signatur "ARSALL" in der unteren Wandungszone versehen. Die Produktion der Gläser endete im Jahre 1929 mit dem Einsetzen der Weltwirtschaftskrise und ihren verheerenden Folgen. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde das Archiv der Vereinigten Lausitzer Glaswerke zerstört, womit bedeutende historische Unterlagen zur Glasherstellung verlorengingen. Heute zeigt das Glasmuseum Weißwasser in seiner Dauerausstellung eine Auswahl an Arsall-Gläsern und Lampen.

Historische Produktion
Die Glaskörper bestanden aus farblosem, hellgrünem oder rosafarbenem Grundglas, auf das in zwei- oder dreifachem Überfang verschiedenfarbige Schichten aus Glas aufgebracht wurden. Dabei dominierten für den Außenüberfang die Farbvarianten violett, rotbraun und grün. Es wurden auch Gläser mit rosafarbenen oder gelben Innenüberfängen und Gläser mit nur einem Überfang als einfachere Variante hergestellt.

Die Fertigung der Gläser stand von Beginn an unter der künstlerischen Leitung von Nicolas Rigot, der gemeinsam mit den Brüdern Vette 1918 in den Verreries & Cristalleries de Saint-Louis in Münzthal (bei Lemberg in Elsaß-Lothringen) die Kenntnisse zur Herstellung farbiger Überfanggläser mit geätztem Dekor erwarb und sich 1918 zusammen mit seiner Frau (geb. Vette) und ihren drei Brüdern in Weißwasser niederließ. Nach seinem Tode wurde Wilhelm Krause die Verantwortung für den künstlerischen Teil übertragen. Neben diesen beiden arbeiteten Richard Thiele und Karl Krause an der Entwicklung der Dekore. Ludwig Vette wurde Hüttenmeister, seine Brüder Johann Baptiste Vette und Eugen Vette und der aus Polen eingewanderte Anton Woszikowski waren Glasmachermeister. Die Glasmacher Paul Bittner, Ernst Büttner, Ewald Büttner, Max Schuster und Franz Strobel u. a. waren mit der Grundglas-Fabrikation beschäftigt.

Paul Muche, der als Experte für das Ätzen von Glas galt, oblag die Herausarbeitung der Dekore. Durch das Ätzen wurde die Oberfläche des äußersten Überfanges mattiert oder gänzlich abgetragen, so dass die Sichtbarkeit tieferliegender Ebenen und damit die Kontraste der differierenden Farben zum Tragen kommen. Entsprechend der Anzahl der Glasüberfänge können zwei bis drei Sichtebenen in den Motiven dargestellt werden.

Für das Herausarbeiten der entworfenen Dekore durch Ätzen wurde ein säurefester Lack manuell mit Pinsel auf die Überfanggläser aufgetragen, die dann in einem Ätzbad ca. 1 bis 2 Stunden getaucht wurden. Durch die Kombination von Fluss- und Schwefelsäure wurden die unbemalten Flächen teilweise abgeätzt. Nach Entfernung des Lackes in einem heißen Wasserbad traten die Motive in der gewünschten Stärke hervor.

Motive
In den Dekoren spiegeln sich hauptsächlich florale Inhalte wider. Vor dem Hintergrund von Hügeln bzw. Bergketten und Flusslandschaften bilden Blüten, Bäume und Buschwerk vordringende Elemente, die dem zeitgenössischen Jugendstil entsprachen. Es gibt aber auch Hinweise darauf, dass die Motivwünsche zahlungskräftiger Kunden berücksichtigt wurden.

Trivia
 Zuweilen wurden Glasgefäße mit einer Höhe von bis zu 90 cm gefertigt. Mehrere davon sollen sich auch im Besitz der Adelsfamilie Arnim befunden haben und infolge der Kriegshandlungen im ausgebrannten Schloss Muskau vernichtet worden sein.
 Ebenfalls eine größere Anzahl solch große Vasen mit Jagdmotiven wurden auf Bestellung des ägyptischen König Fuad gefertigt. Ihm wurde anlässlich seiner Deutschlandreise auf dem Bahnhof von Weißwasser eine Arsall-Tischlampe mit der Abbildung ägyptischer Landschaften als Ehrengeschenk überreicht.

Moderne Arsall-Glaskunst
Durch den Glasingenieur Gotthard Petrick wurde die Tradition der Arsall-Gläser wiederbelebt. Er fertigte nach historischen Motiven und Vorlagen der Designerinnen Monika Janietz-Herrman und Sabine Gutjahr Vasen, Schalen, Becher u. a. Designglas. Seine Stücke wurden wiederholt ausgestellt und weltweit unter der eingetragenen Marke vertrieben. Dazu wird mit moderner Technologie speziell geschmolzenes, vierfaches Überfangglas individuell bearbeitet.

Seit 2016 fertigt der Krauschwitzer Glaskünstler Michael Penn ebenfalls Gläser in Arsall-Manier und ist der Rechteinhaber der eingetragenen Marke Arsall.

Literatur

Weblinks
 Arsall-Gläser im Auktionshaus Bergmann, mit Fotos
 Arsall-Gläser im Auktionshaus va Ham, mit Fotos
 Gotthard-Glas, Wiederbelebung des Glas-Designs "Arsall", Fotos
 Fotos von Arsall-Glaskunst auf Palace Of Glass

Einzelnachweise

Glaskunst
Jugendstil
Markenname

Arsall


ماجد بك الزهدي، واسمه حسين ماجد ولد عام 1307هـ/1890م، في تركيا وهو يعتبر من أشهر الخطاطين العرب في القرن العشرين.

تكوينه
أكمل ماجد الزهدي دراسته الإعدادية ولم يستطع أن يواصل دراسته في الكلية، لسوء حالته الصحية، فتوجه لدراسة الخط العربي وخاصة التعليق والثلثي والجلي. على يد مجموعة من الخطاطين الأتراك ومن أبرز أساتذته الخطاط خلوصي وشفيق بك وعلي أفندي وإسماعيل حقي.

أستاذ الخط
لقد درّس ماجد الزهدي بأكاديمية الفنون الجميلة بالعاصمة العثمانية إسطنبول ثم انتقل إلى العراق للتدريس في معهد الفنون الجميلة ببغداد، وقد تتلمذ عليه عدد من الخطاطين العراقيين الممتازين وكان لهم تأثيرهم في مدرسة الخط العربي بالعراق، ومن الفنانين والخطاطين الذين كانوا من تلاميذه وتأثروا به الفنان التشكيلي محمد علي شاكر.

وفاته
عاد إلى تركيا في صيف سنة 1379هـ/1959م. وبعد عامين من عودته إلى إسطنبول توفي في 29 رمضان 1380هـ/17 مارس 1961م، ودفن في مقابر قره جه أحمد.

المصادر

وصلة خارجية
 ماجد الزهدي.

خطاطو الخط العربي في القرن 14 هـ
خطاطون أتراك
صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الوفاة
مواليد 1307 هـ
وفيات القرن 20
خطاطون عثمانيون

ماجد بك الزهدي


DIN 9021 er en DIN-Standard for en skærmskive.

DIN 9021 bliver erstattet med ISO 7093.

Kilde
 Skærmskive DIN 9021
DIN-standarder

DIN 9021