U statistici i teoriji upravljanja, Kalmanovo filtriranje, poznato i kao linearna kvadratna procjena (LKP), algoritam je koji koristi niz mjerenja promatranih tijekom vremena, koji sadrže statistički šum i druge netočnosti, a daje procjene nepoznatih varijabli koje imaju tendenciju biti točnije od onih koje se temelje samo na jednom mjerenju, procjenom zajedničke razdiobe vjerojatnosti kroz varijable za svaki vremenski okvir. Filtar je dobio ime po Rudolfu E. Kálmánu.

Kalmanov filtar ima brojne primjene u tehnologiji. Uobičajena aplikacija je za vođenje, navigaciju i kontrolu vozila, posebno zrakoplova, svemirskih letjelica i dinamički pozicioniranih brodova. Nadalje, Kalmanov filtar široko je primjenjivan koncept u analizi vremenskih serija koji se koristi u poljima kao što su obrada signala i ekonometrija. Kalmanovi filtri također su jedna od glavnih tema na polju planiranja i upravljanja robotskim kretanjem a mogu se koristiti i u optimizaciji putanja. Kalmanov filtar također se koristi za modeliranje nadzora kretanja središnjeg živčanog sustava. Zbog vremenskog kašnjenja između izdavanja motornih naredbi i primanja senzornih povratnih informacija, uporaba Kalmanovog filtra podržava realan model za izradu procjena trenutnog stanja motornog sustava i izdavanje ažuriranih naredbi.

Algoritam radi u dva koraka. U koraku predviđanja Kalmanov filtar daje procjene varijabli trenutnog stanja, zajedno s njihovim nesigurnostima. Jednom kada se dobije ishod sljedećeg mjerenja (nužno opterećen s određenom količinom pogreške, uključujući slučajni šum), te se procjene ažuriraju pomoću ponderiranog prosjeka, s tim da se procjenama daje veća težina s većom sigurnošću. Algoritam je rekurzivan. Može se pokretati u stvarnom vremenu, koristeći samo trenutna ulazna mjerenja i prethodno izračunato stanje i njegovu matricu nesigurnosti; nisu potrebne dodatne prošle informacije.

Optimalnost Kalmanova filtra pretpostavlja da pogreške slijede Gaussovu razdiobu. Po riječima Rudolfa E. Kálmana : "Ukratko, o slučajnim procesima izrađene su sljedeće pretpostavke: Fizičke slučajne pojave mogu se smatrati posljedicama primarnih slučajnih izvora koji uzbuđuju dinamičke sustave. Pretpostavlja se da su primarni izvori neovisni gausovi slučajni procesi s nultim srednjakom; dinamički sustavi bit će linearni. " Iako su poznate kovarijancije procesa i mjerenja, bez obzira na Gaussiannost, Kalmanov je filtar najbolji mogući linearni procjenitelj u smislu minimalne srednje kvadratne pogreške .

Također su razvijena proširenja i generalizacije metode, poput proširenog Kalmanova filtra i Kalmanova filtra bez mirisa koji rade na nelinearnim sustavima. Temeljni model je skriveni Markov model gdje je prostor stanja latentnih varijabli kontinuiran, a sve latentne i promatrane varijable imaju Gaussovu razdiobu. Također, Kalmanov filtar uspješno se koristi u fuziji više senzora, i distribuiranim senzorskim mrežama za razvoj distribuiranog ili konsenzusnog Kalmanovog filtra.

Filtar je dobio ime po mađarskom emigrantu Rudolfu E. Kálmánu, iako su Thorvald Nicolai Thiele i Peter Swerling ranije razvili sličan algoritam. Richard S. Bucy iz Laboratorija primijenjene fizike Johns Hopkins dao je doprinos teoriji, što je dovelo do toga da se ponekad naziva Kalman-Bucy filtrom. Stanley F. Schmidt općenito je zaslužan za razvoj prve implementacije Kalmanova filtra. Shvatio je da se filtar može podijeliti na dva različita dijela, s jednim dijelom za vremenska razdoblja između izlaza senzora, a drugim za ugrađivanje mjerenja. Tijekom posjeta Kálmána NASA-inom istraživačkom centru Ames Schmidt je vidio primjenjivost Kálmánovih ideja na nelinearni problem procjene putanje za program Apollo što je dovelo do njegove ugradnje u navigacijsko računalo Apollo. Ovaj Kalmanov filtar prvi su put opisali i djelomično razvili u tehničkim radovima Swerling (1958), Kalman (1960) i Kalman i Bucy (1961).

Kalmanov filtar


Petar Soljanin (Petar Tuzlak) je bio franjevac iz Tuzle (Soliju). Petar Soljanin nije biskup Petar Zlojutrić jer se ne radi o istoj osobi.

Tijelo mu je bilo zakopano pored franjevačkog samostana sv. Marije u Zvorniku. Za velikog iskorjenjivanja katoličanstva u Bosni i Hercegovini pod namjesništvom Gazi Husrev-bega, Osmansko Carstvo zadesila je neuspjela vojna 1532. na Austriju. Uslijedila je odmazda nad katolicima u pograničnim područjima, gdje su bili i Usora i Soli. Osmanlije su protjerale franjevce, zgradu spalile, crkvu sv. Duha pretvorile u džamiju, a tijelo Petra Soljanina izvadili i oskvrnuli noževima. Katolik Pave Suić iz tog mjesta prenio je Tuzlakove posmrtne ostatke u Gradovrh.

1541. godine izvjesni Pavao Sić (Pavao Suić?) podmitio je turske vlasti da umjesto porušenog zvorničkog samostana podigne novi samostan u Gradovrhu. Iste je godine preneseno tijelo Petra Soljanina na Gradovrh. Kronike kazuju da na novom pokopu vidjelo se da je tijelo bilo iznakaženo ubodima noža no ostalo je sačuvano od raspadanja. Među promatračima se našao i jedan broj muslimana, od kojih su neki doživjeli čudotvorna viđenja i doživljavanje čudotvornog bosanskog fratra.

Tako je Gradovrh postao mjestom hodočašćenja. Pohođeno je potajice, jer su u njemu čuvala i probodena slika Blažene Djevice Marije.

Izvori

Bosanskohercegovački franjevci

Petar Soljanin (mučenik)


William Edmond Lescaze (* 27. März 1896 in Onex bei Genf; † 9. Februar 1969 in New York) war ein amerikanischer Architekt der klassischen Moderne.

Leben
Lescaze wuchs in Genf auf und studierte nach dem Besuch des Collège ein Jahr an der dortigen École des Beaux Arts. Ab 1915 begann er das Architekturstudium an der Technischen Hochschule in Zürich und diplomierte bei Karl Moser. Sein Studium schloss er 1919 ab, anschließend arbeitete er kurz in Arras und bis 1920 in Paris bei Henri Sauvage. Im selben Jahr wanderte er in die USA aus. Nach einem kurzen Aufenthalt in Cleveland machte er sich 1923 als Architekt in New York selbständig. 1929 lernte er George Howe kennen, mit dem er bis 1932 zusammenarbeitete, wobei Lescaze für die Entwürfe zuständig war, während Howe für Verhandlungen und Verträge verantwortlich war. Durch Howes bisherige Arbeit für die Philadelphia Saving Fund Society Bank erhielten sie den Auftrag für das neue Hochhaus der Bank in Philadelphia, das 1933 fertiggestellt wurde. Ein Foto des unvollendeten Baus wurde 1932 in der Ausstellung Modern Architecture: International Exhibition von Henry-Russell Hitchcock und Philip Johnson im MoMA in New York gezeigt. Durch diese Ausstellung galt Lescaze als ein führender Architekt des Internationalen Stils in den USA.

1931 lernte Lescaze bei den Entwürfen für den Kindergarten der Oak Lane Country School in Philadelphia deren Schulleiter William Curry kennen. Curry wurde kurz darauf Leiter der Dartington Hall School in England. Er bewog die Gründer der Schule, im bewussten Gegensatz zur restaurierten mittelalterlichen Architektur von Dartington Hall die neuen Schulgebäude im Stil der Moderne zu bauen, und setzte durch, dass Lescaze in den kommenden Jahren das High Cross House als Villa des Schulleiters, mehrere Wohnhäuser für die Lehrer, die Internatsbauten und die Verwaltung von Dartington bauen konnte. 1932 trennte sich Lescaze von seinem Geschäftspartner Howe. Für sich selbst baute er 1934 in New York ein Wohn- und Geschäftshaus, in dem er bis zu seinem Tod lebte. Insgesamt entwarf er bis zu seinem Tod Pläne für mehr als 1000 Gebäude, darunter für mehrere, über 50 Stockwerke hohe Hochhäuser. Daneben fertigte er noch Entwürfe für Möbel, Leuchten und Geschirr.

Bedeutende Bauten
 1929: Nursery Building, Oak Lane Country Day School, Philadelphia
 1929–1933: Philadelphia Saving Fund Society Bank, Philadelphia
 1931–1932: Housing-Development, Manhattanville
 1931–1932: High Cross House, Dartington Hall, Devon
 1933–1934: Lescaze-House (Haus des Architekten), 211 East 48th Street, New York
 1954–1956: 711 Third Avenue, New York
 1962: 777 Third Avenue, New York
 1968: One Oliver Plaza, Pittsburgh
 1969: One New York Plaza, New York

Veröffentlichungen
On Being an Architect, G.P. Putnam's, New York 1942

Literatur
 Dagmar Böcker: Lescaze, William (Edmond). In: Isabelle Rucki und Dorothee Huber (Hrsg.): Architektenlexikon der Schweiz – 19./20. Jahrhundert. Birkhäuser, Basel 1998. ISBN 3-7643-5261-2, S. 342 f.

Weblinks

 MoMA – About the Artist: William Lecaze
 Syracuse University Library: William Lescaze

Einzelnachweise

Architekt des Internationalen Stils
Architekt (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1896
Gestorben 1969
Mann

William Lescaze


Skálavíkar kommuna er en kommune på Færøerne. Den omfatter bygden Skálavík på Sandoy, og er en af Færøernes mindste kommuner regnet i indbyggertal. 1. januar 2009 havde kommunen 169 indbyggere, mod 246 i 1960. Den dækker et areal på 29 km². Kommunens nuværende borgmester Linjohn Christiansen har siddet i kommunalbestyrelsen siden 1984.

Skálavíkar kommuna blev udskilt fra Sands kommuna i 1930.

Politik

Kommunalvalget 2012

Ligesom i 2008 opstillede alle kandidater til bygderådet på en fælles borgerliste. Linjohn Christiansen fik flest stemmer, og kunne dermed fortsætte som borgmester.
¨

Referencer

Kommuner i Færøerne
Sandoy

Skálavíkar kommuna


ألكسندريا، مدينة أمريكية تقع بولاية فيرجينيا بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. تقع علي الضفة الغربية لنهر البوتوماك علي مسافة ستة أميال جنوبي العاصمة الأمريكية واشنطن وتسعة أميال شمال فيرنون.

وتقع معظم مساحة المدينة الحالية في نطاق مساحة قدرها 6000 فدان أهداها حاكم ولاية فيرجينيا السير ويليام بيركلي للقبطان الإنجليزي روبرت هاوزينج بتاريخ 21 أكتوبر 1669.

وقد تم هذا الإهداء عن طريق مرسوم بموجب السلطة المخولة للحاكم من الملك تشارلز الثاني وذلك اعترافا بخدمات القبطان هاوزينج الذي
أحضر 120 شخصا كي يعيشوا بمقاطعة فيرجينيا.
وبعد أقل من شهر باع هاوزينج تلك الأراضي المهداة إليه مقابل ستة آلاف رطلا من التبغ للمدعو جون الكسندر.
وقد اختار مجلس مقاطعة فيرجينا هذه المساحة عام 1749 لتقام عليها مدينة جديدة علي أن يطلق عليها اسم الإسكندرية نسبة إلي صاحب المساحة السابق.

وفي عام 1796 عندما زار الدوق ليانكور الإسكندرية وصفها بأنها أروع مدن فيرجينا ومن أجمل مدن الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية

وتعتبر الإسكندرية أقدم من واشنطن العاصمة بخمسين عاما تقريبا ولها تاريخ عريق بالمقارنة بالمدن الأمريكية الأخرى. كما أن بها الكثير من الأبنية التي يرجع تاريخها إلي القرن الثامن عشر.

توأمة
ألكسندريا (فرجينيا) لديها اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من:
 غيومري (1988 - )
 دندي (1993 - )
 كاين (1991 - )
 هيلسينجبورج

أعلام

 ديرموت مولروني
 فيرنر فون براون
 إيزابيلا كارل
 آلفين هانسن
 كلارينس غودسون
 جيمس برادي
 هارت سكوت
 ديدريخ بادر
 أنغوس كينغ
 أليس كاترين إيفانز

انظر أيضا
 فيرجينيا
 الإسكندرية، كنتاكي
 الإسكندرية

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 الموقع الرسمي لمدينة الإسكندرية، فيرجينيا

أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1695
الإسكندرية (فيرجينيا)
تأسيسات سنة 1695 في فرجينيا
فرجينيا الشمالية
مدن فرجينيا
منطقة واشنطن الكبرى

ألكسندريا (فرجينيا)


is a video game created by Capcom for the Xbox console where the player controls a "Vertical Tank"—a bipedal, heavily armed mecha. To control the tank and play the game requires the use of a large controller made specially for Steel Battalion. The controller consists of 44 input points, mainly buttons, but also uses two joysticks, a throttle handle, a radio channel dial, five switches, an eject button, and three foot pedals. Only limited quantities were made available. These quickly sold out, making the game a collector's piece. It has since been re-released in limited quantities worldwide, with blue controller buttons distinguishing it from the first edition with green buttons.

Gameplay
At the beginning of every mission, the player must start up the machine and operating system; this is handled through a series of switches and buttons dedicated to this purpose. If a corner is turned too fast, the machine will tumble over. If the player's machine overheats, its operating system must be reset. The game even simulates window wipers in case of mud hitting the monitor. If the player does not eject when prompted, the player's in-game character will die, and the game will delete its own saved data, prompting the player to start over from the beginning.

Vertical tanks (VTs) are the vehicles piloted in the series. Essentially bipedal walking weapons platforms, VTs are classed by their developmental generation and sub-categorised by their combat role. Primary combat roles are standard combat, assault, support, scout, and fast attack. Vertical tanks are divided into three weight classes: light, medium and heavy. As the player progresses, new generations of VTs become available. This allows a newer, more advanced operating system, startup sequence, and combat functions, as well as a wider cockpit view and layout. New generation VTs also handle better and can provide better firepower over previous generations.

Development

Steel Battalion was developed by Nude Maker (former Human Entertainment developers) in collaboration with Capcom Production Studio 4. Producer Atsushi Inaba stated at the Game Developers Conference in 2005 that the Steel Battalion was a "product-focused project" in which the team initially focused on creating a new peripheral and software designed to go with it. Inaba's superiors were skeptical about putting such a game on the market. The number of staff working on the project grew according to the team's experience with making new hardware. The earliest build of the game was created for the PlayStation 2. However, when the Xbox became available, the development team switched to it because of the system's greater power. Online play was taken out of consideration close to the development's start due to being too ambitious. While the game and its special controller received critical acclaim, the project turned little profit. Inaba said that Steel Battalion was developed to show "what can be done in the game industry that cannot be done in others".

Reception

The game received "favorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 35 out of 40. It was nominated for GameSpots 2002 "Best Graphics (Artistic)" and "Best Game No One Played" awards among Xbox games, but also the publication's "Most Disappointing Game on Xbox" prize.

Steel Battalion was the fifth best-selling game during its week of release in Japan at about 15,092 copies. While less popular in the United States, an estimated 25,000 were sold during the initial launch of the game/controller combo. Inaba concluded that the game ultimately broke even in terms of units shipped and units sold.

A reviewer on IGN wrote "where MechAssault and Robotech wouldn't let us into the cockpit, Steel Battalion won't let us out" and joked the US$200 cost was for the controller while the game disc was free.

Sequels
A sequel called Steel Battalion: Line of Contact was released in 2004, and also used the game's unique controller. The third installment called Steel Battalion: Heavy Armor was released in June 2012. This installment uses the Kinect motion sensor control rather than the original controller.

Notes

References

External links
  (no longer active)

2002 video games
Capcom franchises
Capcom games
Microsoft games
Military science fiction video games
Nude Maker games
Video games about mecha
Video games developed in Japan
Xbox games
Xbox-only games
Single-player video games

Steel Battalion


The China National Aviation Corporation () was a Chinese airline which was nationalized after the Chinese Communist Party took control in 1949, and merged into the People's Aviation Company of China () in 1952. It was a major airline under the Nationalist government of China.

It was headquartered in Shanghai as of 1938.

History
On 5 April 1929 the Executive Yuan of the Nationalist government of China based in Nanjing established the Chinese National Aviation Corporation, a state owned company with an authorized capital of ten million yuan. Sun Fo, Minister of Railways and son of Sun Yat Sen served as its first chairman although the real power lay with the Minister of Communications, Wang Boqun.

Two weeks later on 17 April, the Nationalists entered into a service contract with an American firm, Aviation Exploration Inc which was to establish air routes between a few of the major treaty ports and manage all operations. Aviation Exploration Inc was a personal holding company of the U.S. aviation magnate Clement Melville Keys who at the same time was the president of Curtiss-Wright and a few other aviation firms. In June 1929, Keys set up China Airways Federal to manage the new airmail routes between Canton, Shanghai and Hankou.

This new Sino-American venture faced acute resistance from military factions in South China: warlords had their own small air forces which had ambitions to earn income from airmail service between the treaty ports. Even more ominous was the opposition from Wang Po-chun the Minister of Communications; in July 1929, he went ahead and set up an airmail service, Shanghai-Chengtu Airways, owned entirely by his ministry. Wang imported Stinson planes and competed with China Airways Federal on the Shanghai-Hankou route. He became in effect the father of China's civil aviation.

Despite all the odds, on 21 October 1929, China Airways Federal launched the airmail and passenger service with an inaugural flight from Shanghai to Hankou. It continued to face overwhelming political and financial difficulties, not least from the Ministry of Communications which not only collected airmail revenue from its own service but from that of China Airways Federal.

By the start of 1930 China Airways Federal was at the point of bankruptcy and threatened to stop operations altogether unless the Ministry of Communications released its revenue. An old China hand named Max Polin managed to broker a new deal between China Airways Federal and the Ministry of Communication. On 8 July, the two rival airmail operators merged into a reconfigured China National Aviation Corporation, which thereafter was better known by its acronym, CNAC. The Chinese government had a 55 percent share and Keys' interests had a 45 percent share in CNAC. The Keys share in CNAC wound up in Intercontinent Aviation, another holding company that he had established in 1929 to handle foreign airline investments; by that stage Intercontinent itself had become part of North American Aviation, another firm founded by Keys in 1928. From 1931 until 1948 William Langhorne Bond was operations manager and vice-president of China National Aviation Corporation

By 1933, Keys had retired under a cloud of scandal and near bankruptcy. Thomas Morgan was his successor as the head of Curtiss-Wright which through cross holdings ultimately controlled both North American and Intercontinent.  After a series of disastrous accidents and disagreements with Chinese leaders, Morgan decided to sell the 45 percent stake held by Intercontinent in CNAC to Pan American Airways: on 1 April 1933. Morgan concluded the sale with PanAm president Juan Trippe. Trippe almost immediately put PanAm vice-president Harold Bixby in charge of the airline's new far east operation: Bixby was well known in banking and aviation circles as the man who had put up the money for the trans-Atlantic flight of Charles Lindbergh in the Spirit of St Louis.

Between 1937 and December 1941, CNAC flew many internal routes with Douglas Dolphin amphibians (Route No. 3, from Shanghai – Canton, via Wenzhou, Fuzhou, Amoy & Shantou), and Douglas DC-2s and DC-3s. In addition, three examples of the Vultee V-1A single-engine transport that "missed the boat" to Republican Spain ended up in China. Initially, the Nationalists maintained contact with the outside world through the port of Hanoi in French Indo-China, but the Japanese put pressure on the new pro-Vichy regime there to cut off relations with them in 1940–41. Flying in mainland China during the war with Japan was dangerous. A CNAC aircraft was the first passenger aircraft in history to be destroyed by enemy forces, in the Kweilin Incident in August 1938.

By fall 1940, CNAC operated service from Chongqing (via Kunming and Lashio) to Rangoon, Chengdu, Jiading (via Luzhou and Yibin) and Hong Kong (via Guilin).

As the Japanese blockade of materials, fuel and various supplies severely strangulated China's already-deprived war effort, particularly with the continued Battles of Chengdu-Chongqing, Lanzhou, Changsha, Kumming, the looming Japanese invasion of Burma, Major General Mao Bangchu of the Nationalist Air Force of China was tasked with leading the exploration of suitable air-routes over the dangerous Himalayas in 1941; as a result, CNAC pilot Xia Pu recorded the first flight between Dinjan, Burma, to Kunming, China in what was to become the route now known as "The Hump" in November of that year.

On 8, 9 and 10 December 1941, eight American pilots of the China National Aviation Corporation (CNAC) and their crews made a total of 16 trips between Kai Tak Airport in the British Crown Colony of Hong Kong, then under attack from Japanese forces, and Chongqing, the wartime capital of the Republic of China. Together they made 16 sorties and evacuated 275 persons including Soong Ching-ling (the widow of Sun Yat-sen), and the Chinese Finance Minister H.H. Kung.

During World War II, CNAC was headquartered in India, and flew supplies from Assam, India, into Yunnan, southwestern China through the Hump Route over the Himalayas, after the Japanese blocked the Burma Road. Despite the large casualties inflicted by the Japanese and more significantly, the ever-changing weather over the Himalayas, the logistics flights operated daily, year round, from April 1942 until the end of the war. The CNAC was a smaller part of the overall re-supply operations which included the USAAF's India-China Division of Air Transport Command.

After World War II, in 1946, CNAC moved from India to Shanghai, specifically Longhua Airport, located on the western shore of the Huangpu River, 10 km from the center of Shanghai. The company was a huge organization, with departments for transportation, mechanics, medicine, food, finance, etc.  The employees who numbered in the thousands were housed in dormitories located in the Shanghai French Concession.  Every morning, the company took the employees by a car convoy from the dormitories to the airport.

CNAC eventually operated routes from Shanghai to Beiping, Chongqing, and Guangzhou, using Douglas DC-2 and DC-3 aircraft. Apart from purchasing war surplus planes, CNAC had also acquired brand new Douglas DC-4s, to serve the route between Shanghai and San Francisco.

The downfall of CNAC's operations came on 9 November 1949, when managing director of CNAC, Colonel CY Liu, and general manager of CATC (), Colonel CL Chen with a skeleton crew defected with 12 aircraft in unauthorized take-offs from Hong Kong Kai Tak Airport to Communist-controlled China. The lead aircraft (Convair 240) was welcomed with pomp and ceremony in Beijing, while the other 11 landed safely in Tianjin. The aircraft were pursued by Nationalist fighter planes but were shielded by heavy cloud cover. The remaining airline staff with their families (a total of 3,400) snuck into China by land or sea later. The ideology behind the defection was nationalism as they believed that the Communist Party would best lead one, strong China. On 1 August 1950, both  companies came back to operate services. Later they were merged to form the People's Aviation Company of China in May 1952, and eventually became part of CAAC Airlines in June 1953. Today the original Convair 240 (with one engine missing) is on display at a Military Aviation Museum in Beijing. Liu left China in 1971 for Australia where he died in May 1973.

The remaining 71 aircraft in Hong Kong were sold by the Nationalists, who had retreated to the island of Taiwan, to the Delaware-registered Civil Air Transport Inc (CAT) in an effort to save the aircraft from the Communists. After a lengthy legal battle (which went on appeal from Hong Kong to Privy Council in UK, as reported in 1951 Appeal Cases) the planes were delivered by the Hong Kong government to CAT in 1952.

Moon Fun Chin, who flew supplies over the dangerous Hump Campaign to resupply the Chinese during World War Two, was the last surviving CNAC pilot. He died on 9 May 2023 at age 110.

Accidents and incidents
 19 November 1931: A Stinson Detroiter (named Jinan) crashed into the mountains near Jinan city, killing all three on board, including  famous Chinese writer Xu Zhimo
 10 April 1934: Sikorsky S-38B NC17V crashed in Hangzhou Bay, killing all four on board; some debris was found 10 days later but the body of pilot Robert H. Gast was not found until four months later. The cause of the crash was never determined.
 8 August 1937: Sikorsky S-43W NC16930 (named Chekiang) ditched in Bias Bay (now Daya Bay) due to weather, killing three of 11 on board; the eight survivors clung to a wing until rescued.
 24 August 1938: Douglas DC-2-221 32 (named Kweilin) made a forced landing after an attack by Japanese fighters; the aircraft was strafed on the ground, killing 14 of 17 on board; the aircraft was repaired and returned to service. Kweilin was the first commercial aircraft to be shot down.
 29 October 1940: Douglas DC-2-221 39 (Chungking) was attacked and destroyed on the ground by Japanese fighters after landing at Changyi Airfield, killing nine of 12 on board.
 20 January 1941: Ford AT-5-D Trimotor 23 struck a mountain in Jiangxi Province, killing five of six on board.
 12 February 1941: Douglas DC-2-190 XT-OBF (also registered as 40, named Kangtang) struck a mountain near Taohsien, Hunan in a thunderstorm, killing the three crew.
 8 December 1941: Nine aircraft (four CNAC AT-32s and two DC-2s, two Eurasia Ju 52s, and a Pan Am S-42) were destroyed on the ground at Kai Tak Airport by Japanese bombers during the Battle of Hong Kong.
 14 March 1942: Douglas DC-2-221 31 (named Chungshan) crashed on takeoff from Kunming Airport due to engine failure and overloading, killing 13 of 17 on board.
 17 November 1942: Douglas C-47 60 struck a mountain at 13,400 feet in the Cang Shan ridge, Himalayas due to icing, killing the three crew; the wreckage was found in 2011.
 11 March 1943: Douglas C-53 53 crashed on Kao I Kung Shan Ridge near the China/Myanmar border after encountering a downdraft, killing the three crew.
 13 March 1943: Douglas C-53 49 disappeared while on a Kunming-Dinjan flight with three crew on board. The aircraft encountered bad weather and crashed in the Patkai Range, Burma due to possible shifted cargo (tin bars); the wreckage has never been found.
 7 April 1943: Douglas C-53 58 (also registered 42-15890) crashed on a mountain peak 30 mi NE of Minzong due to weather and icing, killing one of three crew. The crew encountered heavy icing and snow shortly after takeoff from Dinjan. The pilot decided to turn around an hour later and return but while returning the pilot performed an evasive maneuver to avoid a mountain. The aircraft slid over the side of the mountain and crashed on a second mountain at 13,750 feet.
 11 August 1943: Douglas C-53 48 crashed in the Fort Hertz valley following an in-flight fire and wing separation, killing the three crew; the aircraft was probably shot down by a Japanese fighter.
 13 October 1943: Douglas C-47 72 crashed  north of Myitkyina, Burma (now Myanmar), killing the three crew; the aircraft was probably shot down by Japanese fighters.
 19 November 1943: Two aircraft (Douglas C-53 59 and C-47 63) crashed while on approach to Wujiaba Airfield in poor weather, killing a total of five.
 18 December 1943: Douglas C-47A 83 crashed into a cliff near Suifu while attempting a go-around following an aborted landing below minimums, killing the three crew.
 20 February 1944: Douglas C-47A 75 crashed into a mountain after taking off from Dinjan Airfield after encountering turbulence while flying through a cloud, killing both pilots.
 26 May 1944: Douglas C-47A 82 crashed in the Himalayas in southern Tibet after overflying its destination due to weather and radio problems, killing all 12 on board.
 8 June 1944: Douglas C-47A 85 crashed near Dinjan Airport due to an in-flight fire and wing separation caused by improper maintenance, killing all six on board.
 15 June 1945: Douglas C-47A 81 disappeared while on a Yunnanyi-Suifu flight with three crew on board.
 20 October 1945: Douglas C-47B 104 crashed in a village 13 mi northeast of Suichang, killing all 13 on board and seven villagers.
 20 September 1946: A CNAC aircraft struck the side of Lochi Mountain near Hsichia, killing all 31 on board; the aircraft was either a C-46 or a C-47.
 16 December 1946: A CNAC DC-3 crashed into three parked aircraft at Longhua Airport, killing five.
 25 December 1946: Three aircraft (CNAC C-47 140, C-46 115 and Central Air Transport C-47 48) crashed near Shanghai in poor visibility, killing a total of 62 in what became known as China's "Black Christmas".
 5 January 1947: Curtiss C-46 XT-T51 (also registered as 121) struck a mountain near Qingdao, killing all 43 on board. The aircraft was operating a Shanghai-Qingdao-Beijing passenger service.
 25 January 1947: Douglas C-47 138 crashed in a mountainous area 119 mi south of Chongqing, killing all 19 on board.
 28 January 1947: Curtiss C-46 XT-T45 (also registered as 145) crashed 30 minutes after takeoff from Hankou due to wing separation following an engine fire, killing 25 of 26 on board.
 27 October 1947: A Douglas DC-3 was shot down by Communist anti-aircraft fire and crashed near Yulin, killing two of the three crew.
 20 January 1948: A Curtiss C-46 crashed on takeoff from Mukden Airport in a snowstorm while operating an evacuation service, killing 11 of 54 on board.
 12 December 1948: A Douglas DC-3 crashed on landing at Sung Shan Airport, killing two of 10 on board.
 21 December 1948: Douglas C-54B XT-104 struck a mountain on Basalt Island in poor visibility and poor weather, killing all 35 on board.  One of the passengers killed in the accident, Quentin Roosevelt, was the grandson of President Theodore Roosevelt and son of WWII Medal of Honor recipient, Ted Roosevelt Jr.  Quentin Roosevelt who had served in WWII in France had attained the rank of Major.  Quentin was a Director of CNAC at the time of his death.
 30 January 1949: A CNAC aircraft was hijacked by six people and diverted to Tainan.

See also

 Civil aviation in China
 Civil Aviation University of China
 List of defunct airlines
 state-owned enterprise
 George Conrad Westervelt - retired USN captain and advisor to CNAC from 1930 to 1931
 William Langhorne Bond, vice president of operations 1937-1948
 China's Wings - 2012 book about the company and William Langhorne Bond
 Eurasia Aviation Corporation
 China Airlines - current airline of the Taiwan (Republic of China)

References

 Combat aircraft of World War II, compiled by Elke C. Weal editorial consultant, J. M. Bruce. New York : Macmillan, c1977.

External links
 CNAC Association Official site for CNAC Association, a club formed in remembrance of the Chinese, American, and Chinese-American personnel who worked for the Republic of China-era CNAC.
 Large photo gallery related to CNAC operations in the 1930s and 1940s on website of China's Wings author Gregory Crouch

Further reading
 Gregory Crouch, China's Wings: War, Intrigue, Romance and Adventure in the Middle Kingdom during the Golden Age of Flight, Bantam Books New York, 2012
 McDonald, William C. and Barbara L. Evenson, The Shadow Tiger -- Billy McDonald: Wingman to Chennault, Shadow Tiger Press, Birmingham AL, 2017
 Smith, Nicol (1940) Burma Road: The Story of the World's Most Romantic Highway. New York, The Bobbs-Merrill Company (13-14).

Defunct airlines of China
Airlines established in 1929
Airlines disestablished in 1949
Government-owned companies of China
1929 establishments in China
1949 disestablishments in China
Chinese brands
Defunct seaplane operators
Chinese companies established in 1929

China National Aviation Corporation


Forsetakosningar í Bandaríkjunum 1964 fóru fram þriðjudaginn 3. nóvember 1964. Lyndon B. Johnson sitjandi forseti og Hubert Humphrey öldungadeildarþingmaður fyrir Minnesota unnu sigur á Barry Goldwater öldungadeildarþingmanni fyrir Arizona og William E. Miller fulltrúadeildarþingmanni fyrir New York.

Niðurstöður

Sjá einnig
 Kosningar í Bandaríkjunum 1964

Tilvísanir

Kosningar í Bandaríkjunum 1964
1964

Forsetakosningar í Bandaríkjunum 1964


River Rea steht für:

 River Rea (River Tame), Fluss bei Birmingham
  River Rea (River Teme), Fluss in Shropshire

River Rea


Orville Willis "Will" Forte IV (n. 17 iunie 1970) este un actor, comedian și producător american. Este cunoscut pentru rolurile sale din Saturday Night Live și pentru sitcomul The Last Man on Earth, pentru care a fost nominalizat în 2015 la Premiul Primetime Emmy pentru cel mai bun actor principal în serial de comedie și la premiul Emmy pentru cea mai bună regie.

Filmografie

Film

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1970
Nașteri pe 17 iunie
Actori americani

Will Forte


Uygurca veya Yeni Uygurca (, Uyghurche veya , Uyghur tili), Uygurlar tarafından konuşulan, Türk dillerinin Uygur grubunda yer alan bir dil.

Türkçe literatürde "Uygurca" veya "Uygur Türkçesi" kullanımı, aynı zamanda tarihî Eski Uygur Türkçesini de kapsayabildiği için ayırmak için bu çağdaş yazı dil yayınlarda Yeni Uygur Türkçesi olarak da kullanılır. Eski Uygur Türkçesi Türki dillerin Sibirya koluna aitken, Karluk grubuna dahil edilen modern Uygurca Çağataycadan türemiştir ve dolayısıyla diller soysal açıdan devamlılık ve yakın akrabalık oluşturmamaktadır.

Ses bilgisi
Uygurcada 8 ünlü (a, ä, e, i, o, u, ö, ü), 24 ünsüz vardır (b, c, ç, d, f, g, ğ, h, j, k, l, m, n, ñ, p, q, r, s, ş, t, v, x, y, z). Uygurcada iki türlü e sesi vardır. Bunlardan ə Türkiye Türkçesindekinden daha açık, e ise daha kapalı telaffuz edilir. Kalın olan q ve ğ sesleri yanında i'ler ı okunabilir, diğer yerlerde ise i okunduğu kabul edilir. q ve ğ sesleri Türkçedekinden daha kalındır. Bu sesler gırtlağa daha yakın olarak telaffuz edilir. x sesi sert olarak telaffuz edilen bir gırtlak sesidir. ng artdamaksı n sesidir.
Yeni Uygur Arap Alfabesinin (UEY), Urumçi üniversitesince kabul edilen Latin alfabesi karşılıklarında (ULY); ɵ yerine ö, ə yerine e, e yerine ë, ƣ yerine gh, k̡ yerine q, q yerine ch, ⱨ yerine h, h yerine x, x yerine sh, v yerine w kabul edilmiştir. Türkiye'deki Uygurlar, ch, sh, gh yerine ç, ş, ğ harflerini kullanırlar.

Coğrafi dağılım

Uygurca, Çin'de yaklaşık 10 milyon kişi tarafından konuşulur. Uygurca ayrıca 300.000 kişi tarafından Kazakistan'da konuşulur ve Afganistan, Arnavutluk, Avustralya, Belçika, Kanada, Almanya, Endonezya, Kırgızistan, Moğolistan, Pakistan, Suudi Arabistan, İsveç, Tayvan, Tacikistan, Türkiye, Birleşik Krallık, ABD ve Özbekistan'da da Uygurca konuşan Uygur diaspora toplulukları vardır.

Alfabe

Uygurca 10. yüzyıldan beri Arap alfabesi ile yazılmaktadır. 1969-1983 yılları arasında Çin hükûmetinin hazırlattığı Uygur Latin alfabesi ile yazılmış fakat sonra Uygurca sesleri gösteren ek işaretler ile Arap alfabesine dönülmüştür. Aşağıdaki kıyaslama Arap, Latin ve Kiril harflerinin bir karşılaştırılmasıdır:

Uygur Kiril alfabesi ek olarak iki harfe sahiptir, ki bunlar iki sesin birleşimidir. Bunlar aşağıda Arap, Pinyin ve Latin alfabelerindeki eşdeğeriyle gösterilmiştir.

Pinyin Harfleri
Ⱬ veya Z̦: Türkçedeki J sesidir. Uygur Türkleri tarafından da kullanılmakta olan, Pinyin adı verilen ve Çinceyi Latin alfabesine çevirmekte kullanılan sistemin Uygur alfabesine uyarlanmış biçiminde Türkçedeki J sesini karşılar.
Ƣ: Uniform Türk Alfabesinde yer alır. Hırıltılı bir G sesidir (Ģ). "Yumuşak-G" (Ğ) harfine benzer ama sert ve hırıltılıdır (Kiril Ӷ, Ghe). Almanların gırtlaktan çıkan R harfinin taşıdığı ses değerine benzer (Ř). Arapçadaki Gayın (غ) harfidir. Batı Anadolu Türkçesinde Ğ sesine dönüşmüştür, ancak Türkiye'nin doğu bölgelerinde yaygındır. Örneğin: Doƣan (Doģan). Buradaki Ğ hırıltılı olarak söylenir. Bazı dillerde, örneğin Gagavuzca ve Kırgızca'da Ğ harfi sesli harflerin art arda iki kere yazılmasıyla -gizli olarak- elde edilir. Örneğin: Uur (Uğur).
Ə: Azerice'de, Tatarca'da, Gagavuzca'da ve Türkmence'de kullanılır. Kısa, kapalı, gırtlaktan gelen ve sert bir E harfidir. Normal E harfine göre daha kısa ve serttir. Ayrıca A ve E arası bir ses olarak öngörülür (Æ). Ses ve harf karşılığı olarak Arapça'da ve Almanca'da da bulunur. Türkçede normal e sesinden tam olarak ayırt edilebilmesi günümüzde çok zordur. Azerice'de yoğun olarak kullanılır. İnce bir harf olduğu halde kalın uyumludur. Bu harfi içeren sözcüklerin aslında Büyük Ünlü Uyumuna uymadığı hâlde kulağı tırmalamıyor olması bu nedenledir. Örneğin: İncä/İncə. Türkçede Selçuk ismi diğer Türk dillerinde "Sälçuk / Səlcuk" olarak, Akçe sözcüğü ise "Akçä / Akçə" olarak yazılır. Bu harf kimi latin alfabelerinde, özellikle  el yazılarında Эə biçiminde de kullanılır.
 Ⱪ veya Ķ: Türkî Kiril Alfabelerinde yer alır (Қ). Gırtlaktan çıkan ve Q sesine oldukça yakın olan kalın bir K sesi olarak okunur ve söylenir. Örneğin: Ķurt, Ķoyun, Ķardaş (Kardeş). K sesleri gırtlaktan ve kalın olarak çıkarılır. Kazakça Қасқыр (Ⱪasⱪır: Kurt), Қой (Ⱪoy: Koyun) sözcüklerinde olduğu gibi. Bu sözcüklerdeki K sesleri gırtlaktan ve kalın olarak çıkarılır. Başkurtça'daki Ҡалын (Kalın) sözcüğünün çevirisi Qalın olarak yapılır ve okunuşu (Kalın/Galın) biçimindedir. Baştaki K veya G sesi gırtlaktan ve kalın bir tonla söylenir. Türkçedeki İnceltme İmi ile yazılan bazı sözcüklerin okunuşunda aslında K harfinin de incelmesi söz konusudur. Örneğin: Ⱪar ve Kâr... Pek çok lehçe ve şivede Q sesine dönüşmüştür. Örneğin: Qayın (Kayın)…
Ñ: Tatarca'da, Türkmence'de kullanılır. Genizden çıkarılan N ve G karışımı bir sestir (Ņ). Bazen de NG/NĞ olarak öngörülür. Pek çok ağızda N veya Ğ sesine dönüşmüştür. Osmanlıca'daki üç noktalı Kaf-ı Nûni (ڭ) harfinin karşılığıdır. Örneğin: İç Anadolu'da, özellikle Sivas yöresinde Saňa, Baňa, Deňiz sözcükleri. Pek çok kaynakta Tengri veya Tengiz olarak yazılan sözcükler aslında Teñri ve Teñiz şeklinde okunur.

Metin örneği
İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi'nin 1. maddesi:...

Doğu Türkistan Uygur ağızları
Doğu Türkistan Uygurları için yazı diline esas olan ağız Urumçi ağzı iken, eski Sovyetler Birliğinde yaşayan Uygurlar için yazı diline esas olan ağız, İli ağzıdır. Doğu Türkistan'da Uygur ağızları aşağıdaki şekilde gruplara ayrılır;

Merkez ağız grubu
 Urumçi ağzı,
 Kumul ağzı
 Turfan ağzı,
 Kâşgar - Artuş ağzı,
 İli ağzı.

Tarım ağzı
 Tarım alt-ağzı,
 Moğal alt-ağzı,
 Kuça alt-ağzı,

Hoten ağız grubu
 Guma ağzı,
 Karikaş ağzı,
 Elçi ağzı,
 Lop ağzı,
 Keriye ağzı.

Lopnur ağzı
 Döñkotan ağzı,
 Kara ağzı,
 Miren ağzı.
Lopnur ağzı konuşanların sayısı, Uygurların nüfusunun %0,4'üne ulaşmasına rağmen, Lopnur bölgesinin özel coğrafi konumu ve özel tarih koşullarından dolayı, bu ağızda çok sayıda eski dil ögeleri korunmuştur. Lopnur ağzı bir "boy dili" olarak, Çağdaş Uygurcaya bağlıdır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Uygurca-Türkçe Sözlük  (GNU Public Lisans)
 Uygurca-Çince Sözlük
 Uygur Edebiyatı
 Free English-Uighur Dictionary
 Ing'lizche-Uyghurche Lughet
 Uygur Türkçesi öğretmek için hazırlanmış ücretsiz kitapçık
 Abdurehim Heyit - Uçraşqanda (Alt Yazılı Uygur Türkçesi Şarkı)

Türk dilleri
Çin'deki diller
Kazakistan'daki diller
Kırgızistan'daki diller
Özbekistan'daki diller

Uygurca


Allium jepsonii es una especie de planta bulbosa geófita del género Allium, perteneciente a la familia de las amarilidáceas, del orden de las Asparagales. Originaria de América del Norte.

Descripción
Allium jepsonii alcanza  una altura de entre 20 y 40 centímetros desde uno o dos bulbos de forma ovalada. Las hojas son cilíndrica y tiene la misma longitud que el tallo. La inflorescencia tiene de 20 a 60 flores pequeñas, cada una con un centímetro de largo de color rosa con vetas blancas.

Distribución
Allium jepsonii es endémica a la estribaciones de Sierra Nevada en el centro de California.

Taxonomía
Allium jepsonii fue descrita por (Ownbey & Aase) S.S.Denison & McNeal y publicado en Madroño 36(2): 127, en el año 1989.
Etimología
Allium: nombre genérico muy antiguo. Las plantas de este género eran conocidos tanto por los romanos como por los griegos. Sin embargo, parece que el término tiene un origen celta y significa "quemar", en referencia al fuerte olor acre de la planta. Uno de los primeros en utilizar este nombre para fines botánicos fue el naturalista francés Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656-1708).

jepsonii: epíteto que fue nombrado en honor del botánico de California, Willis Linn Jepson.
Sinonimia
 Allium sanbornii var. jepsonii Ownbey & Aase

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Jepson Manual Treatment - Allium jepsonii
 USDA Plants Profile
 Flora of North America
 Allium jepsonii Photo gallery

jepsonii
Flora de California
Plantas descritas en 1989
Plantas descritas por Ownbey
Plantas descritas por Aase
Plantas descritas por S.S.Denison
Plantas descritas por McNeal

Allium jepsonii


Johannes « John » Graudenz, né en 1884 à Danzig et mort le  à la prison de Plötzensee, est un journaliste, photographe de presse allemand et un résistant allemand au nazisme.

Biographie
John Graudenz est issu d'une famille nombreuse de Danzig. À l'âge de 17 ans, après s'être disputé avec son père, il part pour l'Angleterre. À son retour en Allemagne, il apprend d'autres langues, puis en 1915-16, il travaille comme journaliste et prend la direction du bureau berlinois de United Press. En 1921, il est l'un des cofondateurs du Parti communiste ouvrier d'Allemagne. En 1922, il rejoint le bureau moscovite de United Press et en reste le correspondant jusqu'en 1924. Il est d'ailleurs le premier à informer les Américains de la mort de Lénine. En 1924, il organise un voyage en bateau à vapeur sur la Volga au cours duquel il voyage avec d'autres journalistes à travers l'Union soviétique où règnent la faim et la misère. Les autorités n'appréciant pas son témoignage sur l'état désastreux du pays, il est expulsé.

En 1925, il épouse Antonie « Toni » Wasmuth († 1985), la fille de l'éditeur d'art Ernst Wasmuth. En 1928, avec Franz Jung, il fonde l'agence photo berlinoise Dephot. De 1928 à 1932, il travaille pour le New York Times. À partir de 1932, il représente des sociétés d'ingénierie allemandes en Irlande. Il revient à Berlin avec sa famille en 1934-35. Sans travail, il déménage chez l'une de ses tantes à Giessen. La même année, il est représentant commercial dans l'industrie aéronautique pour la société Grau-Bremsen, ce qui lui permet de retourner à Berlin avec sa famille et d'acheter une maison à Stahnsdorf.

Après 1933, il entre en contact avec divers groupes de résistants. Il garde le contact avec Franz Jung et les Rote Kämpfer. Il aide la fille du médecin Otto Gross à émigrer. Grâce à Jung, il rencontre Harro et Libertas Schulze-Boysen au printemps 1939.

Graudenz participe aux activités de résistance de l'Orchestre rouge de Berlin ; il se procure une machine à dupliquer et imprime diverses brochures du groupe. Il participe à la brochure AGIS et aide Harro Schulze-Boysen à obtenir des informations sur les dernières technologies aéronautiques.

Dans un entretien publié par le cinéaste Stefan Roloff, sa fille Karin Reetz raconte comment son père et Hans Coppi ont tenté d'installer une radio bidirectionnelle dans le grenier de leur maison. Cependant, le contact n'a pu être établi à cause des grands arbres environnants.

John Graudenz est arrêté le  et condamné à mort le  par le Reichskriegsgericht. Bien que le jugement ne soit pas exécutoire selon des lois nazies, il est, sur ordre d'Adolf Hitler, exécuté par pendaison le  à la prison de Berlin-Ploetzensee. Avant même le début des audiences devant la cour martiale du Reich, « le haut commandement de la Wehrmacht a ordonné la pendaison, contrairement à toutes les traditions et réglementations de la juridiction militaire et civile prussienne-allemande en matière d'exécution […] ».

Famille
Graudenz s'est marié trois fois et a eu une fille illégitime. Sa troisième épouse Toni et ses deux filles Silva et Karin ont été arrêtées le même jour que lui. Les filles ont été libérées après environ deux semaines, son épouse un peu plus tard. Le , sa famille le rencontre pour la dernière fois à l'occasion de son  ; ses filles et sa femme sont autorisées à le voir au siège de la Gestapo de la Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse. Les nazis espèrent ainsi obtenir des renseignements en écoutant leurs échanges, mais Graudenz et sa famille communiquent à peine, de peur d'être espionnés.

La deuxième Sénat de la Cour martiale du Reich condamne sa femme Toni Graudenz le  à trois ans de prison « pour avoir écouté des radios ennemies et ne pas les avoir signalées ».

Bibliographie
 Diethart Kerbs: Lebenslinien. Deutsche Biographien aus dem 20.Jahrhundert. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2007 .
 Fotogeschichte. Beiträge zur Geschichte und Ästhetik der Fotografie. Ausgabe: 107/2008 – Themenheft: Pressefotografie in der Zwischenkriegszeit
 Stefan Roloff mit Mario Vigl: Die Rote Kapelle – Die Widerstandsgruppe im Dritten Reich und die Geschichte Helmut Roloffs. Ullstein-Verlag, Berlin 2004 .
 Stefan Roloff: Film – Die Rote Kapelle / The Red Orchestra (mit Interviewsequenzen mit der Graudenz-Tochter Karin Reetz)
 Gert Rosiejka: Die Rote Kapelle. "Landesverrat" als antifaschistischer Widerstand. – mit einer Einführung von Heinrich Scheel. ergebnisse, Hamburg 1986 .
 Luise Kraushaar et al.: Deutsche Widerstandskämpfer 1933–1945. Biografien und Briefe. Band 2, Dietz-Verlag, Berlin 1970,  et suiv.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Photojournaliste allemand
Photographe allemand du XXe siècle
Écrivain allemand du XXe siècle
Récipiendaire de l'ordre de la Guerre patriotique, 1re classe
Personnalité du Parti communiste d'Allemagne
Naissance en novembre 1884
Naissance à Dantzig
Naissance dans la province de Prusse-Occidentale
Décès en décembre 1942
Décès à Berlin
Décès à 58 ans

John Graudenz


Johan Frederik 1. af Sachsen (; født 30. juni 1503 i Torgau i Sachsen (Tyskland), død 3. marts 1554 i Weimar), også kaldet Johan den Storsindede og Sankt Johan den Standhaftige af lutheranere, var kurfyrste af Sachsen og leder af det schmalkaldiske forbund (den protestantiske føderation i Tyskland).

Under den schmalkaldiske krig i 1546 drog han med sin hær mod syd, men da hans fætter hertug Moritz invaderede hans land, måtte han vende om. Det lykkedes for Johan Frederik at generobre størstedelen af sit land og tvinge Moritz væk. Mens han var optaget af dette, førte kejser Karl 5. en hær mod nord, og i slaget ved Mühlberg blev Johans hær splittet. Selv blev han ramt i hovedet og fik et markant ar, og han blev taget til fange af Karl.

Karl dømte Johan Frederik til døden for sin oprørskhed, men han ønskede ikke at spilde tid i belejringen af Wittenberg, der blev forsvaret af Sibylle, kurfyrstens hustru, og han valgte i stedet at forhandle med Johan Frederik. Af hensyn til sin familie og for at undgå at blive henrettet accepterede Johan Frederik at overgive Wittenberg. Desuden måtte han acceptere at overgive regeringen af Sachsen til Moritz, og disse indrømmelser medførte, at Karl ændrede hans dom til livsvarig fængsel.

Det var i sin tid i fængslet, at han opnåede sine tilnavne, da han nægtede at afsværge sin lutheranske tro, og han blev løsladt 1. september 1552, da Moritz havde sat sig op mod kejseren. Hans hjemtog blev en triumf, og han flyttede sin regering til Weimar. Han døde dog få år efter sin løsladelse.

Kurfyrster af Sachsen
Personer i reformationen
Personer i Tysklands historie
Ernestinske linje af Huset Wettin
Personer fra Sachsen

Johan Frederik 1. af Sachsen


Gerald Rydel Simpson (born 16 February 1967), better known as A Guy Called Gerald, is a British record producer and musician. He was an early member of the electronic group 808 State, contributing to their debut LP Newbuild (1988) and hit single "Pacific State" (1989). He also achieved solo success with his 1988 hit single "Voodoo Ray", which became a touchstone of Manchester's acid house scene and reached No. 12 in the UK charts. He embraced breakbeat production in the 1990s, with his 1995 album Black Secret Technology becoming a "much-touted candidate for 'best jungle album ever.'" He also ran the London-based independent record label Juice Box Records from 1991 to 1998.

Early life and influences
Simpson was influenced by his Jamaican roots; his father's blue beat, ska and Trojan reggae record collection, his mother's Pentecostal church sessions and the Jamaican sound system parties in Manchester's Moss Side area where he grew up.

He absorbed jazz fusion and electro funk at clubs, youth clubs and shebeens such as Legends, St.Alfonso's, British Legion and the Reno in Manchester, where the dancefloor in the early 1980s inspired him to study contemporary dance. Manchester was a hotbed of dance music with black club nights open every night of the week and Simpson spent his time joining in the vibe. Simpson was principally influenced by dancers such as Foot Patrol and the Jazz Defektors, regulars in the North of England black club scene.

Around 1983 with electro booming and early hip hop, breakdancing and b-boy culture from Detroit and Chicago – from producers such as Juan Atkins, Derrick May, Kevin Saunderson was being played by Stu Allan on Piccadilly Radio and imported directly into Manchester's specialist record shops.

Career

808 State and "Voodoo Ray"
Inspired, Simpson began experimenting with tape editing and drum machines and the regular jams in the attic of his house led to forming the Scratchbeat Masters. Using cut up beats, samples and turntables they would challenge other bands and their sound systems. They released a 12" single called "Wax on the Melt", a collaboration between a number of crews and Graham Massey and Martin Price together with whom he would later form 808 State. Their first album, Newbuild, was released in 1988, but he soon left the group to concentrate on his solo work.

The result of heading back into his bedroom studio was "Voodoo Ray", played first at the Hacienda in 1988, and then the underground clubs before entering the UK Singles Chart a year later. It was the first acid house track produced in the UK, and released on a small Merseyside independent label (Rham! Records) based in Wallasey. "Voodoo Ray" entered the UK chart in 1989 rising to number 12.

At the same time a track Simpson started before leaving 808 State, "Pacific State", was released and hit the charts. However, according to Simpson, they had finished and released the track without his permission. Although Simpson was credited on its first release on the album Quadrastate both as a writer and co-producer, the dispute escalated as Simpson claimed to have written the entire track.

Gerald subsequently signed with Sony Music and released the albums Hot Lemonade (1989) and Automanikk (1990) to moderate commercial success. He was subsequently allowed to leave his Sony contract after the label refused to release his intended follow-up album High Life, Low Profile. The album was reportedly rejected for being too song-oriented.

Juice Box Records and jungle

In 1991, he started his own label, Juice Box Records, releasing a string of 12" singles – the seeds of what became known as jungle and later drum and bass. The first singles were compiled and released on his third album 28 Gun Bad Boy (1992). In 1995, his next album, Black Secret Technology was released. A remastered version was re-issued in June 2008.

Juice Box Records was an independent record label in the United Kingdom, based at Riverside Studios in West London. It was established by Simpson in 1991, after he left SME Records, and closed in 1998. It took its name from the sound system that Simpson operated with MC Tunes. The label provided an outlet for seven years for Simpson's work, with thirty three titles released under various other pseudonyms such as The K.G.B. and Ricky Rouge, and collaborations between Simpson and artists including Lisa May, DJ Tamsin, Goldie (as 'The 2 G's'), and Finley Quaye.

The label has been identified as being responsible for influential releases that provided the blueprint for what was to become jungle then drum and bass, with early singles on the label described as "genre-defining". The early singles on the label were compiled on the LP 28 Gun Bad Boy, of which Simon Reynolds of Melody Maker stated in a review of the album, "If there was a blueprint for what would transform rave into jungle/techno, then this is it.". It is regarded as the first full-length jungle album ever released.

Reynolds also stated in a Melody Maker article in October 1994, about Simpson's Juice Box-era music, "Gerald's tracks take the jungle mesh of polyrhythms, cross-rhythms and counter-rhythms to new levels of insane detail." Gerald's Black Secret Technology LP was released in 1995 and reached the UK Albums Chart at number 64, including contributions from Goldie and Finley Quaye, In 1998, the label closed, with Simpson relocating to New York.

1997–2013
In 1997, he moved to New York and, in 2000, released Essence on the independent label !K7 Records. Essence was Simpson's first song-based rather than dance/club album, featuring guests such as Lou Rhodes, David Simpson, Lady Miss Kier and Wendy Page. In January 2005, he released a more ambient album To All Things What They Need, also on !K7 Records.

In August 2006, Proto Acid / The Berlin Sessions was released on the German label, Laboratory Instinct. A continuous mix album, it was recorded live in Berlin. The second album in The Berlin Sessions series was released in 2010: Tronic Jazz / The Berlin Sessions.

"How Long Is Now" EP was released on Bosconi Records in 2012.

In 2013, the album Silent Spread Sound Spectrum was released on the Society of Sound – a subscription based music retail project by Bowers & Wilkins audio equipment company. Subscribers receive two albums per month curated by Peter Gabriel and the London Symphony Orchestra.

"The entire track was performed by Gerald live (in the Big Room at Real World Studios) from two laptops captured into a Pro Tools HD system. Audio resolution was high throughout this project with a 24 bit resolution and a 96kHz sampling rate maintained from creation through to capturing the performance. A few additional sounds made it onto this album that were taken from 1986 – sampled from a vinyl release and incorporated into this composition."

"I am fascinated by the science of sound. Silent Sound Spread Spectrum (SSSS) or S-Quad or Squad is allegedly a technology used by the US Department of Defence that uses subliminal programming carried over ultra-high frequency broadcast waves. With this system, planting inaudible messages directly into the subconscious becomes very easy to do and everyone is susceptible. This composition is about 50 mins and it follows no specific style. It should leave the listener refreshed and relaxed." – A Guy Called Gerald

2013–present
Simpson has been touring steadily worldwide preferring to perform his own productions Live in Session.

On 2015, Simpson is concentrating on a new album and developing a "Live in Session" experience – "a new way to present the music live based around the idea of being in the centre of the dancefloor and at eye level... I am looking to create a space which mimics the studio environment – not only that – because I would be in the centre of the dancefloor so I can monitor everything around me and be at the same level – eye-level with the presumed dancer. This way it makes it easy for me to create the atmosphere and the rhythm suitable for the individual dancefloor. Kind of like an open kitchen in a restaurant – it's an open kitchen in a club bringing the food to the people instantly – as soon as it's produced it's already on the dancefloor. What I'm looking for in 2015 is sound reproduction in the clubs being taken a lot more seriously than in the past."

Discography
Albums credited to A Guy Called Gerald unless otherwise noted

Albums
Hot Lemonade (1989 – Rham! Records)
Automanikk (1990 – Columbia/CBS) – UK #68
High Life, Low Profile (Columbia/CBS, 1990 – unreleased)
28 Gun Bad Boy (1992 – Juice Box Records)
Black Secret Technology (1995 – Juice Box Records) – UK #64
Cryogenix (1999 – MP3.com)
Essence (2000 – !K7 Records)
To All Things What They Need (2005 – !K7 Records)
Proto Acid – The Berlin Sessions (2006 – Laboratory Instinct)
Tronic Jazz – The Berlin Sessions (2010 – Laboratory Instinct)
Silent Sound Spread Spectrum (2013 – Bowers & Wilkins – 60, Real World Records – 60, Society of Sound Music – 60)

Live
The John Peel Sessions (Strange Fruit 1989)
The John Peel Sessions – A Guy Called Gerald (Strange Fruit 1999)

Singles / 12"
"Voodoo Ray" single (Rham! Records 1988) – UK #12
Voodoo Ray EP (Rham! Records 1989)
"Voodoo Ray Remixes" (Warlock USA 1988)
"Voodoo Ray Remixes" (Rham! Records 1988)
"Hot Lemonade" (Rham! Records 1989)
"Hot Lemonade Youth Remixes" (Rham! Records 1989)
The Peel Sessions EP (Strange Fruit 1989)
"Trip City" (1989) – 5 track cassette 'soundtrack' accompanying the novel Trip City
"FX" / "Eyes of Sorrow" (1989) – UK #52
"FX Mayday Mix" (CBS / Sony 1989)
"FX Elevation Mix" (CBS / Sony 1989)
The Peel Sessions EP (USA 1990)
"Automanikk (Just 4 U Gordon Mix" EP USA 1990)
"Automanikk (Bass Overload Mix" EP USA 1990)
"Automanikk (Bass Overload Mix" EP USA 1990)
"Emotions Electric" (Juice Box Records 1990)
"Disneyband / Anything" (Juice Box Records 1991)
"Nowhere to Run" – Inertia (Black Out Records 1991)
"Digital Bad Boy" (Juice Box Records 1992)
"Cops" (Juice Box Records 1992)
"Ses Makes You Wise" (Juice Box Records 1992)
"The Musical Magical Midi Machine" (Juice Box Records 1992)
"Changing" (Juice Box Records 1992)
"I Feel the Magic" (Juice Box Records 1993)
"Strange Love" – Ricky Rouge (Juice Box Records 1993)
"Strange Love Remixes" – Ricky Rouge (Juice Box Records 1993)
"When You Took My Love" – Ricky Rouge (Juice Box Records 1993)
"De Ja Vu" – Ricky Rouge (Juice Box Records 1993)
"Song for Every Man" – Ricky Rouge (Juice Box Records 1993)
"Satisfaction" – Inertia (Juice Box Records 1993)
"Fragments" – Inertia (Juice Box Records 1993)
"Too Fucked to Dance" – Inertia (Juice Box Records 1993)
"The Glok" (Juice Box Records 1993)
"Nazinji-zaka" (Juice Box Records 1993)
"Darker Than I Should Be" (Juice Box Records 1993)
"Finley's Rainbow" (Juice Box Records 1995)
"Finley's Rainbow Remixes" (Juice Box Records 1995)
"So Many Dreams" (Juice Box Records 1996)
"The Curse of Voodoo Ray" featuring Lisa May (Juice Box Records 1996)
"Radar Systems" (Juice Box Records 1998)
"Fever" (!K7 2000)
"Humanity" (!K7 2000)
"First Try" (!K7 2005)
"Flo-ride" (Sugoi 2005)
"Is Man in Danger" (Protechshon 2005)
"Sufistifunk" (Sugoi 2006)
"Time to Jak" (Sender 2006)
"Proto Acid / The Berlin Sessions 1" (Laboratory Instinct 2006)
"Proto Acid / The Berlin Sessions 2" (Laboratory Instinct 2006)
"In Ya Head"  (Perlon Records PERL71 2008)
"Tronic Jazz / The Berlin Sessions 1" (Laboratory Instinct 2010)
"Tronic Jazz / The Berlin Sessions 2" (Laboratory Instinct 2010)
"Tronic Jazz / The Berlin Sessions 3" (Laboratory Instinct 2010)
"Tronic Jazz / The Berlin Sessions 4" (Laboratory Instinct 2010)
"How Long Is Now" (Bosconi Records 2012 BOSCO021)

With 808 State
"Pacific State" (1989)
Let Yourself Go EP (1988)
Newbuild LP (Creed 1988)
Prebuild LP (Rephlex 2005)

Other collaborations
"Dream 17" – Annette (Deconstruction 1988)
"Massage-a-Rama" – Lounge Jays (1989)
"Born in the North" – US (Wooden 1989)
"Energy" – The Two G'$ (Juice Box 1995)
"Black Gravity" – with Herbie Hancock / Bill Laswell (2001)
"Falling" – Tom Clark and Benno Blome featuring A Guy Called Gerald (Highgrade 2011)
"PositiveNoise" / "I Seem to Be a Verb" – System 7 and A Guy Called Gerald (A-Wave 2011)

See also
Chicago house
Detroit techno
List of jungle and drum and bass artists

References

Sources
Bidder, Sean; Rough Guides (1999) The Rough Guide to House
Carlisle, Colin (1995) Fly | Global Music Culture
Kabuubi, Maxine (2000) Knowledge Magazine
Shapiro, Peter; Rough Guides (1999) The Rough Guide to Drum n Bass

External links
 official site

A Guy Called Gerald interview at Textura, 2006
A Guy Called Gerald interview with Graham Brown-Martin for Ammo City, 2004
A Guy Called Gerald Interview at Higher Frequency, 2003
A Guy Called Gerald biography at MN2S Booking Agency
A Guy Called Gerald unofficial website at https://homepages.force9.net/king1/index.htm
A Guy Called Gerald interview with Mark Dale, 2015 at https://www.skiddle.com/news/all/A-Guy-Called-Gerald-Interview-Electronic-Voodoo/26247/
A Guy Called Gerald digital releases at https://aguycalledgerald.bandcamp.com/

1967 births
English people of Jamaican descent
English dance musicians
English drum and bass musicians
English techno musicians
English house musicians
Acid house musicians
English keyboardists
Club DJs
English DJs
English record producers
DJs from Manchester
Remixers
Columbia Records artists
People from Moss Side
Madchester musicians
Black British DJs
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Electronic dance music DJs

A Guy Called Gerald


An Pasithea caerulea in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Hipólito Ruiz López ngan Pav., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni David Don. An Pasithea caerulea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pasithea, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Pasithea

Pasithea caerulea


Didymodon rigidulus (Steifes Doppelzahnmoos) ist eine Laubmoos-Art aus der Familie Pottiaceae. Ein häufiges Synonym ist Barbula rigidula (Hedw.) Mitt.

Merkmale
Das Moos bildet bräunlichgrüne bis schmutziggrüne oder dunkelgrüne, dichtere Polsterrasen. Die wenig verzweigten Stämmchen sind etwa 1 bis 2 Zentimeter groß und weisen im Querschnitt einen Zentralstrang auf. Die Blätter sind aus breiter Basis allmählich lang und stumpflich zugespitzt, ganzrandig, nicht gekielt, mit kräftiger, bis in die Blattspitze reichenden Rippe. Feucht sind die Blätter aufrecht abstehend bis abstehend, trocken verbogen. Die Blattränder sind zurückgebogen, gegen die Blattspitze hin meist flach und zweizellschichtig. Die Blattzellen sind im oberen Blattteil rundlich quadratisch, dickwandig und schwach papillös, am Blattgrund rechteckig, dünnwandig und glatt. Die Oberseite der Rippe weist kurze Zellen auf.

Die diözische Art fruchtet mäßig häufig. Die rote Seta ist bis etwa 1,5 Zentimeter lang, die länglich eiförmige bis zylindrische, aufrechte Kapsel besitzt kurze, mehr oder weniger aufrechte Peristomzähne, der Deckel ist lang geschnäbelt, die Sporen sind glatt und 8 bis 16 µm groß. Meist sind in den oberen Blattachseln mehrzellige, kugelige Brutkörper vorhanden.

Didymodon rigidulus ist eine vielgestaltige Art, es werden mehrere Varietäten unterschieden.

Verbreitung und Standortansprüche
Didymodon rigidulus ist schwerpunktmäßig in den gemäßigten Klimazonen verbreitet und kommt außer in Europa in Teilen Asiens, in Nord- und Mittelamerika, im nördlichen und tropischen Afrika und in der Antarktis vor. In Mitteleuropa ist das Moos von der Ebene bis ins Hochgebirge zu finden, ist besonders in den Kalkgebieten weit verbreitet und ziemlich häufig. Es wächst an frischen bis feuchten, auch an trocken-warmen, halbschattigen bis lichtreichen Standorten auf basenreichem, meist kalkhaltigem Gestein, seltener auf kalkhaltiger Erde oder auf Löß, häufig auch auf Sekundärstandorten wie beispielsweise Mauern, Beton oder Dachziegel.

Literatur
 Jan-Peter Frahm, Wolfgang Frey: Moosflora (= UTB. 1250). 4., neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8252-1250-5.
 Martin Nebel, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): Die Moose Baden-Württembergs. Band 1: Allgemeiner Teil, spezieller Teil (Bryophytina I, Andreaeales bis Funariales). Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3527-2.

Weblinks

 Didymodon rigidulus in Moose-Deutschland
 Didymodon rigidulus in Moosflora der Schweiz

Pottiaceae (Familie)
Pottiaceae

Didymodon rigidulus


Gobio krymensis é uma espécie de ciprinídeo pertencente ao género Gobio. É endémica à Ucrânia, mais especificamente à península da Crimeia. A espécie habita pequenos rios e corregos e tem uma população abundante, com indivíduos podendo crescer até 11 centímetros de comprimento. As principais ameaças à espécie são a o uso intensivo da água e as secas.

Gobio krymensis
Gobio krymensis

Gobio krymensis


Destiny Fulfilled ist das vierte und letzte Studioalbum der US-amerikanischen R&B-Girlgroup Destiny's Child. Es wurde im November 2004 bei ihrem Musiklabel Columbia Records/Sony Urban veröffentlicht.

Geschichte
Nach einer Pause, in der die Gruppenmitglieder Soloalben veröffentlichten – bereits während der Aufnahmen von Survivor hatte Beyoncé diese Pause angekündigt –, kehrten Destiny's Child mit ihrem nächsten Studioalbum Destiny Fulfilled zurück. Auf diesem Album trugen die Mitglieder jeweils gleichermaßen zu Produktion und Songwriting bei. Zur Promotion des Albums ging die Gruppe auf die Tour Destiny Fulfilled ... And Lovin' It, während der sie ihre Auflösung bekanntgaben.

Bereits zuvor hatte es unter anderem nach dem Erfolg von Beyoncés Soloalbum Dangerously in Love Gerüchte über die Auflösung der Gruppe gegeben. Während der Produktion von Destiny Fulfilled wurde es immer deutlicher, dass sich nach dem Album die Wege trennen würden. Allerdings, so die Ankündigung durch die Gruppenmitglieder, hätte die Gruppe auch musikalisch noch "etwas anzubieten".

Erfolg und Auszeichnungen
Das Album stieg auf Platz 19 der Billboard-200-Albumcharts ein und stieg dann bis auf Platz zwei. In Deutschland erreichte es Platz drei der Charts, in Großbritannien Platz fünf. Destiny Fulfilled wurde durch die RIAA mit Dreifachplatin ausgezeichnet. Zwar konnten Destiny's Child für das Album keinen Grammy gewinnen, aber eine Reihe anderer Auszeichnungen, darunter drei World Music Awards, drei Billboard Music Awards und zwei American Music Awards.

Verkaufszahlen

Titelliste
 "Lose My Breath" (B. Knowles, K. Rowland, M. Williams, R. Jerkins, F. Jerkins, Sean Garrett, L. Daniels, S. Carter) – 4:02
 "Soldier" (com T.I. & Lil Wayne) (B. Knowles, K. Rowland, M. Williams, R. Harrison, S. Garrett, D. Carter, C. Harris) – 5:26
 "Cater 2 U" (B. Knowles, K. Rowland, M. Williams, R. Jerkins, R. Rude, R. Waller) – 4:07
 "T-Shirt" (B. Knowles, K. Rowland, M. Williams, A. Harris, V. Davis, S. Garrett, A. Beyincé) – 4:40
 "Is She the Reason" (B. Knowles, K. Rowland, M. Williams, P. Douthit, S. Garrett, V. Castarphen, G. McFadden, J. Whitehead) – 4:47
 "Girl" (B. Knowles, K. Rowland, M. Williams, P. Douthit, S. Garrett, A. Beyonce, D. Davis, E. Robinson) – 3:44
 "Bad Habit" (K. Rowland, B. Cox, K. Dean, S. Knowles) – 3:55
 "If" (B. Knowles, K. Rowland, M. Williams, D. Stinson, B. Drawers, L. Mizell, J. Carter, F. Mizell) – 4:16
Contém uma amostra da música de Natalie Cole's, "Inseparable"
 "Free" (B. Knowles, K. Rowland, M. Williams, D. Stinson, B. Drawers, L. Mizell, J. Carter, F. Mizell) – 4:52
 "Through With Love" (B. Knowles, K. Rowland, M. Williams, M. Winans, S. Garrett) – 3:36
 "Love" (B. Knowles, K. Rowland, M. Williams, E. Williams, A. Beyonce) – 4:32

Bonus-Track der internationalen Ausgabe
"Game Over" (B. Knowles, K. Rowland, M. Williams, S. Garrett, M. Burton, P. Douthit, P. Terry) – 4:03

Japan-Bonus-Track
"Got's My Own" (B. Knowles, K. Rowland, M. Williams, P. Allen, A. Beyonce, S. Garrett, J. Moss) – 3:59
"Why You Actin'" (B. Knowles, K. Rowland, M. Williams, J. Moss, P. Allen, M. Divine) – 4:28

Einzelnachweise

Destiny's Child
Album (Contemporary R&B)
Album (Pop)
Album (Soul)
Album 2004
Mehrfach-Platin-Album (Vereinigte Staaten)
Mehrfach-Platin-Album (Vereinigtes Königreich)

Destiny Fulfilled


Samuel Huntington (Peterborough, Nuevo Hampshire; 1 de abril de 1982), conocido como Sam Huntingon, es un actor estadounidense, conocido por protagonizar la película Detroit Rock City (Cero en conducta, en España) y por su papel en Being Human.

Vida personal
Huntington nació en Peterborough. Su madre, Christine Stabile, trabajaba en el Black Box Theatre, del que era además propietaria y donde Huntington comenzó en el mundo de la interpretación. El tío abuelo de Huntington era el gran actor Ralph Bellamy. Al morir Bellamy, recibió un Premio Óscar.

Tras cinco años de noviazgo con Rachel Klein, se casaron en su ciudad natal el 12 de agosto de 2006. Pasaron la luna de miel en el Turtle Island Resort de Fiyi. Tienen un hijo llamado Charlie.

Carrera en el cine
Su primera interpretación fue en 1996 en la película para televisión Harvest of Fire, protagonizada por Lolita Davidovich. Después participó en la película de Disney dirigida por Tim Allen Jungle 2 Jungle (De jungla a jungla en España) en 1997. Obtuvo papeles en películas como Detroit Rock City, No es otra estúpida película americana, Rolling Kansas, Freshman Orientation, In Enemy Hands y River's End . También ha colaborado en las series CSI: Miami, CSI: NY, Law & Order y Veronica Mars. Asimismo ha aparecido en un documental del canal History Channel llamado The States.

En 2006, Huntington protagonizó, como Jimmy Olsen, Superman Returns. Su película más reciente ha sido la comedia Fanboys.

También interpretó a Josh, un hombre lobo, en la serie americana de ciencia ficción Being Human.

Filmografía

Televisión
 Harvest of Fire (1996) (TV) ... Nathan Hostetler
 Law & Order. Episodio "Burned" (1997) ... Terry
 CSI: Miami. Episodio "Murder in a Flash" (2004) ... Justin Gillespie
 Veronica Mars. Episodios "You Think You Know Somebody" (2004)  y "A Trip to the Dentist" (2005) ... Luke
 CSI: NY. Episodio "Til Death Do We Part" (2005) ... Connor Mulcahy
 It's a Mall World (2007)
 Cavemen ... Andy
 Human Target. Episodio "Sanctuary" (2010) ... John Gray
 Being Human (2011) ... Josh Radcliff
 90210 serie de CWTV (2011) ... Donnie Johnson (papel recurrente)
 Rosewood (2016) ... Michael Brickman
Good Girls (serie de televisión) (2019) T2 ... Noah
 Izombie (serie de televisión) (2018) T4 E3 ... Adam Fox

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Actores de Estados Unidos

Sam Huntington


Crucea Eroilor de pe dealul Perchiu din Onești este o cruce-monument ce se află în rândul celor mai importante obiective turistice ale orașului.

Scheletul metalic al crucii a fost construit la Zemeș în anul 1999 și adus cu ajutorul unui elicopter militar al MApN, fiind montat prin folosirea unui sistem de scripeți și pârghii, pe un soclu din beton. Structura a fost ridicată în punctul cel mai înalt al dealului Perchiu, la altitudinea de 398 m, înălțimea întregului ansamblu fiind de 30 de metri. Din primăvara anului 2001, întreaga construcție este luminată electric.

În fundația crucii a fost încorporat un cilindru din metal în interiorul căruia, într-un tub de sticlă vidat, a fost pus un document oficial ce cuprinde anul construcției și numele celor care au contribuit la ridicarea monumentului.

Aceasta se află în proprietatea primăriei Onești.

De asemenea, mai există o stație radio cu o antenă aflată în proprietatea Serviciului de Telecomunicații Speciale cu patru emițătoare radio pentru patru posturi radio comerciale, în regim de subcontractori ai primăriei Onești. Crucea și stația radio sunt alimentate de o rețea electrică de joasă tensiune.

De la data de 30 iunie 2004, ora 16:15 a fost inaugurată emisia postului de radio Trinitas pe frecvența 88,40 MHz de la stația aflată pe vârful dealului Perchiu în prezența Mitropolitului Daniel. Pornirea emisiei de la Onești este în legătură cu omagierea a 500 de ani de la moartea lui Ștefan cel Mare, moment în care postul de radio și-a extins rețeaua terestră de emițătoare de la nivel local la nivel regional.

În iulie 2020 crucea a fost vandalizată de persoane necunoscute, care au intervenit la tabloul electric și fundația obiectivului.

Note

Vezi și
 Dealul Perchiu (sit SCI)
 Listă a celor mai înalte cruci din România

Onești
Monumente din județul Bacău
Cruci din România
Memoriale și monumente ale participării României la Primul Război Mondial
Fondări în 1999

Crucea Eroilor de pe dealul Perchiu


Naturpark Slien (på tysk Naturpark Schlei) er en 50.000 ha stor naturpark beliggende på begge sider af fjorden Slien i Sydslesvig i det nordlige Tyskland.

Landskabet i naturparken domineres af et bakkede morænelandskab omkring Slien med strande, kystskrænter, småskove, små vandløb, dyrkede arealer og flere mindre bugter og nore. Med til naturparken hører også vikingebyen Hedeby. Større byer er Slesvig og Kappel.

Naturparken omfatter i alt 44 kommuner i både det sydlige Angel og den nordlige Svansø. Parken strækker sig over to kredse, Slesvig-Flensborg og Rendsborg-Egernførde og har fra grundlæggelsen i oktober 2008 været administreret af foreningen Naturpark Schlei. Formålet er at styrke Sli-regionen økologisk, men også økonomisk som natur - og rekreationsområde med en høj biodiversitet.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Foreningen Naturpark Schlei

Slien
Naturparker i Slesvig-Holsten

Naturpark Slien


Hasan Nusret Fişek (21 Kasım 1914, Sivas - 3 Kasım 1990, Ankara), Türk hekim.

Türkiye'de Halk Sağlığı disiplininin kurucusu ve sosyalleştirilmiş sağlık hizmetlerinin mimarıdır. 1952'de doktorasını tamamlayan Fişek, Tıp Bilimleri Felsefe Doktoru olan ilk Türk'tür.

"Herkese sağlık ve eşit, nitelikli sağlık hizmeti" düşüncesinin savunucusu idi. Meslek hayatı boyunca Sağlık Bakanlığı Müsteşarlığı, Refik Saydam Hıfzıssıhha Okulu Müdürlüğü, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Toplum Hekimliği Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Türk Tabipleri Birliği Başkanlığı gibi görevler üstlendi.  Türkiye'de sağlık hizmetinin ülkenin ücra köşelerine kadar yayılması; köylere ebe, ilçelere doktor, yardımcı sağlık personeli, gerekli araç ve gereç ulaştırılması için çalıştı.

Sağlık Müsteşarlığı döneminde "Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Sosyalleştirilmesi Hakkında Kanun" ile "Nüfus Planlaması Kanunu"'nun çıkarılmasını sağladı. Türkiye'de hızlı nüfus artışını sorununu ilk fark edenlerden birisi olan Fişek'in önderlik ettiği bir dizi araştırma; hızlı nüfus artışıyla sağlık, sosyal ve ekonomik sorunların bağlantısını kurarak ülkede nüfus artırıcı politikaların değiştirilmesine kaynaklık etmiştir.

Hacettepe Tıp Fakültesi'nin kurulmasında ve gelişmesinde katkıları oldu. Üniversite bünyesinde Toplum Hekimliği ve Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüleri'ni kurdu.

Hayatı

21 Kasım 1914'te Sivas'ta doğdu. Annesi Mukades Hanım, babası, Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı komutanlarından Tümgeneral Hayrullah Fişek'tir. 1932 yılında Kabataş Erkek Lisesi'ni, 1938 yılında İstanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'ni  bitirdi.

İlk resmî görev yeri Adana Sıtma Enstitüsü kurs tabipliği idi. Askerlik görevinin ardından Sağlık Bakanlığı Merkez Hıfzısıhha Enstitüsü'nde Bakteriyoloji şubesi asistanı olarak çalışmaya başladı. 1940 yılında eşi Perihan Hanım'la evlendi, bu evlilikten Kurthan Fişek ve Gürhan Fişek isminde iki oğlu oldu. Her iki oğlu da akademisyen olarak Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi'nde öğretim üyesi olarak çalışmıştır.

1941'de bakteriyoloji uzmanı olan Fişek, 1943'te Çiçek Aşısı Servisi uzmanlığına atandı. Bu yıllarda biyolojik standartların ve yerli aşı üretiminin geliştirilmesi ekibine başkanlık etti. 1945 yılında Sağlık ve Sosyal Yardım Bakanlığı Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar Şubesi uzmanlığı görevini üstlendi. 1946'da ABD'ye giderek John Hopkins Halk Sağlığı Okulu'nda sağlık yönetimi ve ilişkili disiplinler üzerine çalışmalar yaptı.  1952'de Harvard Üniversitesi'nden tıp bilimleri doktora derecesi aldı ve Tıp Bilimleri Felsefe Doktoru olan ilk Türk unvanını aldı. Yurda döndükten sonra Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Biyokimya Enstitüsü'nde asistanlığa başladı. 1955'te biyokimya doçenti unvanını aldı ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından Biyolojik Standardizasyon bilirkişisi olarak görevlendirildi.  1958'de Ankara Hızısıhha Okulu'na Müdür olarak  atandı.

Türkiye'de hızlı nüfus artışını sorununu ilk fark edenlerden ve bu konuda ilk harekete geçenlerden birisi oldu. 1958-1960 yıllarında, hızlı nüfus artışıyla sağlık, sosyal ve ekonomik sorunların bağlantısını kuran bir dizi araştırmaya önderlik etti ve araştırmaları nüfus artırıcı politikaların değiştirilmesine kaynaklık etti. 1960'lı yıllarda nüfus ve aile planlaması programlarının kadın sağlığı ve kadın hakları çerçevesinde ele alınması gerektiğini ortaya koydu. Nüfus planlaması konusunda toplumu ikna etmek üzere kapsamlı bir kampanya başlatarak, gazetelere onlarca yazı yazdı ve konuyla ilgili din yetkililerinin desteğini sağladı. Ayrıca gebeliği önleyici yöntemlerle ilgili halk eğitimi çalışmalarının hem kadınlara hem de erkeklere yönelik olarak yapılmasını sağladı.

1960 Darbesi'nin ardından Sağlık Bakanlığı Müsteşarlığı'na getirildi.  Kısa bir süre hem müsteşarlık görevini yürüttü, hem de Sağlık Bakanlığı'na vekalet etti. 1961 yılında kabul edilen 224 sayılı "Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Sosyalleştirilmesi Hakkında Kanun'un mimarı oldu. Millî Birlik Komitesi'nin yasa çıkarmaya yetkili olduğu son günün gecesinde çıkartılan yasa, sağlık hizmetinin ülkenin ücra köşelerine kadar yayılmasını; köylere ebe, ilçelere doktor, yardımcı sağlık personeli, gerekli araç ve gereç ulaştırılmasını amaçlıyordu   1960'lı yıllarda geniş bir hekim kesimini bu yasanın uygulanması için seferber etmeyi çalıştı.

1965 yılında müsteşarlıktan alındı. Danıştay kararı ile görevine döndü; ancak tekrar görevden alınıp tekrar Danıştay kararıyla görevine döndükten sonra ekibiyle birlikte Sağlık Bakanlığı'nan ayrıldı. Ankara Üniversitesi Hacettepe Tıp ve Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi'nde çalışmaya başladı. 1966 yılında halk sağlığı profesörü unvanı aldı. Üniversitede "Toplum Hekimliği Enstitüsü" ile  "Nüfus Etüdleri Enstitüsü"'nü kurdu ve yönetti.

"Nüfus Etüdleri Enstitüsü"'nde  beş yıl müdürlük yapan Fişek; disiplinlerarası ilişkiler kurmak, insan yetiştirmek, sağlıklı bir veritabanı oluşturmak üzere çalışmalar yürüttü. Bu çalışmalarının yanı sıra 'Nüfusbilim Sözlüğü'nün oluşturulmasına önayak olarak demografideki kavramlara Türkçe karşılıklar bulunması için katkılarda bulundu.

Toplum Hekimliği Enstitüsü'nü on beş yıl boyunca yönetti. 1966 - 1971 yılları arasında Hacettepe Üniversitesi "Mezuniyet Sonrası Eğitim Fakültesi" Dekanlığı görevini de yürüten Fişek'in akademik yaşamındaki son görevi  Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı Başkanlığı oldu. 1983 yılında emekliye ayrıldı.

1983-1990 yıllarında Türk Tabipler Birliği başkanlığı yaptı. İdam cezalarına ve ölüm cezalarının yerine getirilmesinde doktorlara görev verilmesine karşı çıktı; TBMM'de onay bekleyen kesinleşmiş ölüm cezası kararlarının yerine getirilmesini engellemekte önemli bir rol oynadı. İşkencelere karşı çıkarak cezaevlerinde yaşanan sorunlarla yakından ilgilendi.

Nüfusbilim alanındaki çalışmaları nedeniyle Michigan Üniversitesi 150. yıl ödülüne, sağlığın sosyalleştirilmesi alanındaki çalışmaları nedeniyle İngiliz Kraliyet Akademisi üyeliğine layık görüldü.

Nükleer Tehlikeye Karşı Barış ve Çevre İçin Hekimler Derneği, Atatürkçü Düşünce Derneği ve İnsan Hakları Derneği kurucuların arasında yer aldı.

1988 yılında kansere karşı zakkum uygulamasına şiddetle karşı çıktı; kanserli hasta ve yakınlarıyla, otlarla geleneksel (halk) ilaçlarından yardım uman belirli bir toplum kesiminin tepkisini çekti.

Yaşamının son döneminde insan hakları sorunları ve tıp meslek ahlakı konuları ile çok yakından ilgilendi.

3 Kasım 1990'da prostat kanseri nedeniyle öldü.

Bilime hizmetleri nedeniyle 1993 yılında TÜBİTAK Hizmet Ödülü'ne layık görüldü.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Nusret Fişek Web Sitesi
 Fişek Vakfı

Cebeci Asri Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
1914 doğumlular
1990 yılında ölenler
Kabataş Erkek Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
Türk tıp akademisyenleri
Türkiye Sağlık Bakanlığı müsteşarları
İstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
Hacettepe Üniversitesi dekanları
Türk Tabipleri Birliği başkanları

Nusret Fişek


Tara Buckman (født 1. oktober 1956) er en amerikansk skuespiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Personer fra Pensacola
Skuespillere fra Florida

Tara Buckman


U.S. Route 160 (US 160) is a  east–west United States Numbered Highway in the Midwestern and Western United States. The western terminus of the route is at US 89  west of Tuba City, Arizona. The eastern terminus is at US 67 and Missouri 158 southwest of Poplar Bluff, Missouri.
Its route, if not its number, was made famous in song in 1975, as the road from Wolf Creek Pass to Pagosa Springs, Colorado in C.W. McCall's country music song "Wolf Creek Pass".

Route description

Arizona

US 160 begins at US 89 near the western edge of Navajo Nation. Near Tuba City, it intersects State Route 264. It goes through Tonalea and Cow Springs before entering Kayenta, where it intersects U.S. Route 163. It continues northeast through Dennehotso, then has a brief overlap with U.S. Route 191 in Mexican Water. It goes east until Teec Nos Pos, where it intersects U.S. Route 64, then turns northeast to go to the Four Corners and enters New Mexico.

US 160 is one of the major routes crossing the Navajo Nation and in Arizona does not leave the Navajo Nation.

New Mexico

About  of US 160 is located within New Mexico. The highway travels northeast through extreme northwestern New Mexico, intersecting State Road 597, which provides access to the Four Corners Monument.  US-160 along with NM-597 do not connect to any other portion of the New Mexico state highway network, requiring New Mexico Department of Transportation crews to travel through either Arizona or Colorado to access it.

Colorado

U.S. Route 160 enters Colorado near the Four Corners Monument. It goes northeast and intersects U.S. Route 491, then turns north to enter Cortez with U.S. 491. East of Cortez, a road leads south from U.S. 160 to Mesa Verde National Park. It continues east to Durango, where it intersects U.S. Route 550. After overlapping with U.S. 550 south of Durango, U.S. 160 turns east and meets U.S. Route 84 at Pagosa Springs. It then goes northeast and crosses the Continental Divide at Wolf Creek Pass.

From Wolf Creek Pass, U.S. 160 continues northeast and turns east at South Fork. At Monte Vista, an overlap begins with U.S. Route 285, which continues southeast into Alamosa. It turns east, then goes northeast to go through North La Veta Pass, then continues east to Walsenburg, where it intersects Interstate 25.

From Walsenburg, U.S. 160 continues south with Interstate 25 to Trinidad, then turns northeast to intersect U.S. Route 350. It continues east, passing through the Comanche National Grassland before intersecting the concurrent U.S. Route 287 and U.S. Route 385 south of Springfield. It continues east and enters Kansas east of Walsh.

Kansas

US-160 enters Kansas just west of Saunders. It goes northeast to Johnson City, then turns east to go through Ulysses. Near Sublette, it intersects U.S. Route 83 and runs concurrently southward past its intersection with U.S. Route 56. It turns east and then runs concurrently with U.S. Route 54 between Plains and Meade. It continues east, and runs concurrently with U.S. Route 283 and U.S. Route 183. At Medicine Lodge, it intersects U.S. Route 281. It continues east and at Wellington, intersects U.S. Route 81 and then Interstate 35, on which the Kansas Turnpike is routed in the area.

East of Interstate 35, it intersects U.S. Route 77 in Winfield. It goes east from Winfield, then turns north to Burden, then goes east before going south to Elk City. It then turns east and goes through Independence after being concurrent with U.S. Route 75. It continues east, is briefly concurrent with U.S. Route 169 and then intersects U.S. Route 59 at Altamont. US-160 and US-59 then go into Oswego and separate. At Columbus, US-160 begins a concurrency with U.S. Route 69, which goes east to Crestline, then north to Frontenac, Kansas. Also at Crestline, it picks up a second concurrency with U.S. Route 400, which goes north and ends just south of Pittsburg, Kansas. After Frontenac, it turns east and enters Missouri.

Missouri
U.S. Route 160 enters Missouri west of Mindenmines. At Lamar, it intersects Interstate 49/U.S. Route 71. It goes southeast towards Springfield, where it intersects Interstate 44 and U.S. Route 60, with which it has a short concurrency. It goes south out of Springfield into Nixa as Massey Boulevard, then turns east and intersects U.S. Route 65 north of Branson. It continues east to West Plains, where it intersects U.S. Route 63, then ends southwest of Poplar Bluff at an intersection with U.S. Route 67 (Future Interstate 57).

In Willard, US 160 runs on a bypass along the western and southern edge of town. The old alignment through Willard is now U.S. Route 160 Business.

History

Western terminus
As commissioned in 1930 the western terminus was Trinidad, Colorado. In 1939, US 160 absorbed all of former route U.S. Route 450 which ran from U.S. 50 at Crescent Junction, Utah to U.S. Route 85 at Walsenburg, Colorado.

In 1970 many US highways in the Four Corners region were re-aligned. U.S. 160 was diverted southwesterly from Cortez, Colorado to follow its present route past the Four Corners into Arizona, absorbing the route numbered U.S. Route 164 from 1964-1970.

The portion of former US 160 (and US 450) from Crescent Jct. to Monticello, Utah was replaced with U.S. Route 163 (now U.S. Route 191) and the portion from Monticello to Cortez, Colorado was replaced with U.S. Route 666 (now U.S. Route 491).

Eastern terminus

The eastern terminus of US 160 was originally located at an intersection with U.S. Route 60 and then-U.S. Route 66 in Springfield, Missouri (Grant Avenue and College Street). In the 1950s, the terminus moved eastward across the state to an intersection with then-US 60 and then-U.S. Route 67 (now US 60 Bus. and U.S. Route 67 Business) in Poplar Bluff. The extension between Springfield and Poplar Bluff was parallel to U.S. Route 65 from Springfield to Highlandville. Between Highlandville and Holister, the highways ran concurrently. Past Holister, US 160 headed east across the Ozark Mountains. Route 160 was later routed further north in the Branson area, replacing a section of Route 148. In 2007, the terminus was moved to its current location southwest of Poplar Bluff, eliminating a concurrency between US 160 and two other highways (US 67 and US 67 Business) over the last 10 miles (16 km) of US 160.

Missouri
When U.S. Route 160 was formed in Missouri in 1930, it replaced Route 12, which had been created in 1922 as Route 36 from Kansas to Springfield and renumbered in 1926 due to US 36. The 1950s extension absorbed Route 80 (Gainesville to West Plains in 1922, later extended west to Lakeview and east to Thomasville) and the part of Route 14 east of Alton (created in 1922 as Route 42, and later absorbed by Route 14).

Major intersections
Arizona
  southwest of Tuba City
  in Kayenta
  south-southeast of Mexican Water. The highways travel concurrently to southeast of Mexican Water.
  in Teec Nos Pos
New Mexico
 No major intersections
Colorado
  south of Towaoc. The highways travel concurrently to Cortez.
  in Durango. The highways travel concurrently to south-southeast of Durango.
  in Pagosa Springs
  in Monte Vista. The highways travel concurrently to Alamosa.
  in Walsenburg. The highways travel concurrently to Trinidad.
  east-northeast of El Moro
  south of Springfield
Kansas
  north-northwest of Sublette. The highways travel concurrently to northwest of Kismet.
  east of Plains. The highways travel concurrently to east of Meade.
  south-southeast of Minneola. The highways travel concurrently to north of Englewood.
  north-northwest of Sitka. The highways travel concurrently to north of Coldwater.
  west-southwest of Medicine Lodge.  The highways travel concurrently to Medicine Lodge.
  in Wellington. The highways travel concurrently through Wellington.
  east of Wellington
  in Winfield
  west of Independence. The highways travel concurrently to Independence.
  south-southwest of Cherryvale. The highways travel concurrently for approximately .
  east of Altamont. The highways travel concurrently to Oswego.
  northeast of Columbus. The highways travel concurrently to Frontenac.
  north of Crestline. The highways travel concurrently to south of Pittsburg.
Missouri
  in Lamar
  in Springfield
  in Springfield. The highways travel concurrently through Springfield.
  northwest of Walnut Shade
  in West Plains. The highways travel concurrently through West Plains.
  east-northeast of Fairdealing

Special routes
There are currently three business routes of US 160.

Mancos

U.S. 160 Business is a business loop that serves Mancos located in southwestern Colorado. It begins west of Mancos and goes straight through downtown. It parallels the Mancos River as it leaves town before it terminates at US 160.

Major intersections

Bayfield

U.S. Route 160 Business is a business loop that serves Bayfield located in southwestern Colorado. The entire route runs along Bayfield parkway which begins at US 160 west of Bayfield. It crosses the Los Pinos River and runs north of downtown until it reaches its eastern terminus at US 160.

Willard

U.S. Route 160 Business is a business loop that serves Willard in southwestern Missouri. It runs along Jackson Street from US 160 northwest of Willard and through downtown before it terminates at US 160 southeast of town. It is also a former alignment of US 160 as it was rerouted on a bypass around Willard.

See also

Related routes
 U.S. Route 60
 U.S. Route 260
 U.S. Route 360
 U.S. Route 460

References

External links

 Endpoints of US 160
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

United States Numbered Highway System
U.S. Highways in Missouri
1
60-1

U.S. Route 160


Masahiro Endo (født 15. august 1970) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

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|1994||8||0
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!Total||8||0
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Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Masahiro Endo


NGC 6591 je spiralna galaktika u zviježđu Herkulu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 6591
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 6591 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
   DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 6550 - 6599

6591

NGC 6591


Emma Olivia Watkins (née le  à Sydney) est une chanteuse, danseuse et actrice australienne, membre du groupe de musique pour enfants The Wiggles.

Biographie
Watkins commence le ballet à quatre ans. Elle voit les Wiggles (groupe formé en 1991) faire de la danse irlandaise et étudie d'autres styles de danse, notamment le jazz, le hip hop, les claquettes et le contemporain. Elle va au McDonald College, une école d'arts du spectacle. Elle obtient une bourse complète pour la Sydney Film School et un certificat spécialisé en théâtre musical à ED5 International à Sydney. Watkins a une maîtrise en production et arts médiatiques à l'université technologique de Sydney. Elle enseigne la danse aux enfants quand elle est au lycée. Elle joue dans des films de Bollywood, apprend la batterie et d'autres instruments de percussion et la langue des signes australienne en 2012. En 2021, elle se consacre à une thèse de doctorat autour de la langue des signes et de la danse.

Watkins et son collègue interprète de Wiggles Lachlan Gillespie se marient le  au Hopewood House à Bowral. Le , Watkins et Gillespie annoncent leur séparation.

En , Watkins est contraint de se retirer de plusieurs émissions, souffrant de douleurs. Elle subit une intervention chirurgicale après un diagnostic d'endométriose sévère. Son médecin, le professeur Jason Abbott, la persuade de parler de la maladie pour sensibiliser à la maladie.

Le , Watkins annonce ses fiançailles avec Oliver Brian, un musicien qui travaille avec les Wiggles. Ils avaient commencé à sa fréquenter en .

Carrière
En 2010, Watkins intègre les Wiggles, d'abord dans le rôle de Fairy Larissa, de Wags the Dog, Dorothy the Dinosaur et Wiggly Dancer. Elle utilise ses compétences cinématographiques lors de tournées avec le groupe, leur fournissant des services de vidéo et de montage. En , les Wiggles annoncent que Watkins deviendra la première femme Wiggle, remplaçant le membre fondateur Greg Page en tant que Yellow Wiggle. Les membres originaux déclarent qu'ils ont choisi Watkins parce qu'elle est la plus qualifiée pour le poste, et commentent qu'il s'agit d'une stratégie pour commercialiser les Wiggles auprès de la prochaine génération.

En raison de sa popularité, elle joue dans l'émission pour enfants sur ABC Kids intitulée Emma !, composée d'épisodes de cinq minutes, créée le . En , Watkins occupe les programmes d'après-midi le week-end de la stations de radio smoothfm.

En , Watkins apparaît dans le clip de Back 2 Back de Samantha Jade. Aux ARIA Music Awards 2020 en novembre, elle rejoint un ensemble de chanteuses australiennes pour interpréter I Am Woman en hommage à sa chanteuse et compositrice, Helen Reddy.

En , elle annonce qu'elle quittera les Wiggles et sera remplacée par Tsehay Hawkins en 2022.

Discographie
 2015 : Emma! (2015)
 2016 : Dial E for Emma!
 2019 : Emma! 2 (2019)

Références

Liens externes

Source de la traduction

Naissance en septembre 1989
Naissance à Sydney
Chanteuse australienne
Actrice australienne de télévision

Emma Watkins


NGC 6643 je spiralna galaktika u zviježđu Zmaju.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 6643
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 6643 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
  NGC 6643  DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 6600 - 6649

6643

NGC 6643


Sheldrake or Shelldrake may refer to:

Places

Canada
Sheldrake, a settlement within the Municipality of Rivière-au-Tonnerre, Quebec
Sheldrake Island, New Brunswick
Sheldrake River, Nunavik, Quebec
Sheldrake River (Minganie), Côte-Nord, Quebec

United States
Loch Sheldrake, New York, a hamlet within the town of Fallsburg, Sullivan County, New York
Sheldrake Lake (New York), a reservoir within the city of New Rochelle, Westchester County, New York
Sheldrake Creek, Seneca County, New York
Sheldrake River, Westchester County, New York
Shelldrake River, Michigan
Shelldrake, Michigan, a ghost town

Persons
Khalid Sheldrake, British pickle manufacturer and self-proclaimed "King of Islamistan"
Merlin Sheldrake, English author and biologist
Rupert Sheldrake, English author, lecturer and researcher
Cosmo Sheldrake, English musician, composer and producer

Other uses
Sheldrake, an alternate name of shelducks in the genus Tadorna
Sheldrake, a character in the 1950 Billy Wilder film Sunset Boulevard, played by Fred Clark
Jeff D. Sheldrake, a character in the 1960 Billy Wilder film The Apartment, played by Fred MacMurray
Dr Sheldrake, a character in the 1964 Billy Wilder film Kiss Me, Stupid, played by Mel Blanc
Percival Sheldrake and Cyril Sheldrake, fictional characters who adopt the British Batman Knight persona in DC comics

Sheldrake


Portuguesa () je jedna od 23 savezne države Venezuele, koja se nalazi na sjeverozapadu zemlje.

Karakteristike
U državi Portuguesa živi 876,496 stanovnika na površini od 15,200 km²

Portuguesa sa sjevera graniči sa saveznom državom Larom, s istoka s Državom Cojedes, s juga s Državom Barinas, i sa zapada s Državom Trujillo.

Po sjeverozapadu prostire se planinski masiv Cordillera de Mérida, a po ostatku teritorija ravničarski Llanos.

Glavna privredna aktivnost u Portuguesi je poljoprivreda, najviše se sadi kukuruz, riža, sezam, pamuk, sirak, šećerna trska, duhan i kava.

Pod pokroviteljstvom venezuelanske vlade, u općini Turén je osnovana poljoprivredna zajednica, koja bi uz primjenu suvremenih tehnologija trebala razviti metode, kako bi se velike neobrađene površine Llanosa kultivirale.
Pored toga za gospodarstvo Portuguese važni su šumarstvo, stočarstvo, turizam i eksploatacija nafte.

Glavni grad države je Guanare, poznat kao veliki hodočasnički centar, zbog svoje katedrale
i nacionalnog svetišta Gospa od Coromota (Nuestra Señora de Coromoto). Zbog tog ga godišnje posjeti na tisuće hodočasnika, kako bi vidjeli sliku svetice zaštitnice Venezuele - sv. Marije.  Drugi veliki grad je Acarigua najveći centar trgovine, s kojim je Guanare povezan autoputem.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Estado Portuguesa
 Portuguesa na portalu Encyclopedia Britannica

Savezne države Venezuele

Portuguesa (država u Venezueli)


ابتسام عبد الله (2 يناير 1972 -)، ممثلة بحرينية.

عن حياتها
بدأت مسيرتها الفنية كممثلة عام 1995 من خلال مسلسل (الهارب)، وتنوعت أدوارها في المسلسلات الخليجية، ومن أبرز أعمالها مسلسلات (عويشة، الفجر المستحيل، هوامير الصحراء 2). كما شاركت بعدد من الأعمال المسرحية منها (عيال السعادة، وإحنا عيالها، وين ما نطقها عوية). كما شاركت أيضاً ممثلة في فيلم (أربع بنات).

أعمالها

من المسلسلات

من الأفلام

روابط خارجية

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ممثلات أفلام بحرينيات
ممثلات تلفزيون بحرينيات
مواليد 1393 هـ
مواليد 1973

ابتسام عبد الله (ممثلة)