Ratt es el mismo título y sexto álbum de la banda estadounidense de Glam Metal Ratt. A menudo se refiere como "1999" por los fanes (en parte para evitar confusiones con su EP, que también fue homónimo). Este álbum vio la dirección musical de la banda a un sonido de blues rock más influencia y más lejos de sus raíces anteriores de glam metal. Este álbum fue muy criticado por los fanes y los críticos debido a la ausencia de Robbin Crosby y Juan Croucier, riffs fuertes de guitarra, melodías y la voz tenue, desgastado por el plomo cantante Stephen Pearcy.

Lista de canciones
"Over the Edge" – 4:22 (Warren DeMartini / Stephen Pearcy)
"Live for Today" – 4:38 (Bobby Blotzer / Warren DeMartini / Stephen Pearcy / Jack Russell)
"Gave Up Givin' Up" – 4:04 (Warren DeMartini / Marti Frederiksen / Stephen Pearcy)
"We Don't Belong" – 6:11 (Warren DeMartini / Marti Frederiksen / Stephen Pearcy)
"Breakout" – 4:24 (Bobby Blotzer / Warren DeMartini / Stephen Pearcy)
"Tug of War" – 4:17 (Warren DeMartini / Stephen Pearcy / Taylor Rhodes)
"Dead Reckoning" – 4:32 (Jack Blades / Warren DeMartini / Stephen Pearcy)
"Luv Sick" – 5:09 (Warren DeMartini / Stephen Pearcy / Taylor Rhodes)
"It Ain't Easy" – 4:02 (Warren DeMartini / Stephen Pearcy / Taylor Rhodes / Richie Zito)
"All the Way" – 4:41 (Warren DeMartini / Steve Dudas / Mark Hudson / Stephen Pearcy)
"So Good, So Fine" – 4:22 (Warren DeMartini / Stephen Pearcy)

Temas inéditos incluyen "Lost Dog" (también dejó su nueva edición del 2010 de este mismo álbum), "Now I'm Gone", "Cotton Candy" (que A & R John Kalodner odiaba), "Luv on the Rocks" (coescrito por Robbin Crosby), y "Turn It Upside Down" (Stephen Pearcy lo incluyó en su proyecto solista "Nitronic" CD en vivo "DOA Live 2000" y en su CD como solista "Social Intercourse").

Alineación
Stephen Pearcy: Voz Líder
Warren DeMartini: Guitarra
Robbie Crane: Bajo
Bobby Blotzer: Percusión

Referencias

Enlaces externos
[|The All Music]

Álbumes de 1999
Álbumes de Ratt
Álbumes en inglés

Ratt (álbum)


Volbeat er den første demo fra det danske heavy metal-band af samme navn. Det blev udgivet i 2002 uafhængigt af pladeselskaber. De medvirkende er Michael Poulsen (sang og guitar), Teddy Vang (guitar), Anders Kjølholm (bas) og Jon Larsen (trommer).

En del af sangen blev genindspillet til bandets første album The Strength / The Sound / The Songs, der udkom i 2005. Dog blev titlerne ændret lidt. "Always" blev til "Always. Wu", "Something Else" blev "Something Else Or...", "Everything is Fine" blev til "Everything's Still Fine" og "Caroline" blev til "Caroline #1".

Spor
 "Always" - 02:36
 "Something Else" - 04:02
 "The Quest" - 04:06
 "Everything Is Fine" - 03:21
 "Caroline" - 04:11
 "When Words Taste of Lies" - 02:22
 "Where to" - 04:15
 "Until the Light Came" - 04:02
 "Misery - Company" - 03:28
 "Ghosts at War" - 03:06

Referencer

Debutalbum fra 2002
Metalalbum
Volbeat-album

Volbeat (demo)


USS Mississippi (CGN-40), a  nuclear-powered guided-missile cruiser, was the fourth ship of the United States Navy named in honor of the 20th state admitted to the Union. Her keel was laid down by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company at Newport News, Virginia, on 22 February 1975. She was launched on 31 July 1976. The ship was commissioned on 5 August 1978 by Jimmy Carter, then serving as the 39th president of the United States. Early deployment included escorting the carrier . She also was deployed in 1989 as a response to the capture and subsequent murder of U.S. Marine Corps Colonel William R. Higgins by terrorists.

Ship history

Mississippi (DLGN 40) was laid down on 22 February 1975 at Newport News, Virginia, by Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co.; reclassified as a guided missile cruiser and designated CGN 40 on 30 June 1975; launched on 31 July 1976; sponsored by Miss. Janet H. Finch, daughter of Governor Charles C. Finch of Mississippi; and, in ceremonies attended by President James E. [Jimmy] Carter, Jr., Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, and Senator John C. Stennis of Mississippi, was commissioned at Norfolk, Virginia, on 5 August 1978.

Mississippi conducted her shakedown cruise to Caribbean and South American waters (8 January–13 February 1979), then made her first deployment—to the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean – (3 August 1981 – 12 February 1982) during a confrontation between the United States and Libya. She operated as part of the screen for aircraft carriers  and  during the Gulf of Sidra incident. Mississippi fired three RIM-66B Standard SM-1 surface-to-air missiles during a live-fire exercise.

While Mississippi steamed with Nimitz and guided missile cruiser  off the coast of Lebanon, she received a distress call from Greek cargo vessel Andalusia, at 00:30 on 3 December 1982). Crew 11, a Lockheed P-3C Orion from VP-49, vectored Mississippi to Andalusia and the cruiser rescued all 19 crewmembers. Two Sikorsky Sea Kings from HS-9 operating from Nimitz transferred survivors from Mississippi to the carrier. Mississippi'''s chief engineer and damage control assistant inspected Andalusia but determined that her damage precluded salvage, and the ship sank at 08:24, 1,200 yards off the port bow of the cruiser in 195 fathoms (36°1'N, 12°19'2"E).

On 1 August 1989 Arab terrorists in Beirut, Lebanon, kidnapped and hanged Lt. Col. William R. Higgins, USMC, a member of the UN peacekeeping forces in Lebanon, and threatened to murder additional hostages they held. The carrier  departed early from a visit to Singapore and made for the Arabian Sea, and  steamed from Alexandria, Egypt, to the Eastern Mediterranean as a show of force. Mississippi had deployed as part of the Sixth Fleet's Med 3–89 Battle Force and was visiting Haifa, Israel, when the crisis began. She emergency sortied and operated as the battle group's Composite Warfare Coordinator for anti-surface warfare off the Lebanese littoral throughout the remainder of the month.  had originally been scheduled to participate in Pacific Exercise-89, but sailed to fill a carrier commitment in the Indian Ocean, where she operated until mid-October.Mississippi deployed with the  Battle Group to the Mediterranean for Operations Desert Shield/Storm (16 August 1990 – 28 March 1991). She escorted the carrier , which broke with her conventionally fueled battle group upon exiting the Suez Canal. These two ships travelled at flank speed the length of the Red Sea and through the Bab-el-Mandeb into the Gulf of Aden arriving on (15 January). The importance of that day and break-neck speed to arrive on it was due to uncertainty about Yemen's position on the war, getting the carrier beyond shore batteries and short range patrol boats in the narrow straights was a priority before hostilities could commence on (16 January). Mississippi then waited off the coast of Yemen to escort the engine room troubled  through the Bab-el-Mandeb (18 January) and out beyond the Gulf of Aden. As an ammunition ship, Nitro was needed for battleship shore battery and amphibious landing support. Once escort duty was complete Mississippi made flank speed to her launch position in the northern Red Sea. Mississippi fired three BGM-109 Tomahawk Land Attack Missiles (TLAMs) at Iraqi strategic and military targets (25 January 1991) and two more the following day. One Tomahawk failed after launch and landed in the sea after a short erratic flight. The ship then operated as the local anti-air warfare screen commander for the Red Sea Battle Force (27 January – 24 February).

Following the Haitian Army's overthrow of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide (September 1991), a succession of governments led to sectarian violence. The UN authorized force to restore order and the U.S. initiated Operations Support Democracy and Uphold/Restore Democracy—Uphold Democracy for a peaceful entry into Haiti, and "Restore Democracy" in the event of resistance. Mississippi enforced the embargoes imposed upon Haiti as part of "Support Democracy" (14 July – 3 August). The deteriorating situation then (12 September 1994) prompted the dispatch of a multinational force that included the carriers America and —about 1,800 soldiers of the Army's XVIII Airborne Corps embarked on board Dwight D. Eisenhower. The Haitians agreed to allow the Americans to land peacefully, and (31 March 1995) the U.S. transferred peacekeeping functions to international forces. The crisis marked the first deployment operationally of Army helicopters on board a carrier in lieu of most of an air wing.

NATO and the UN carried out Operations: Provide Promise to provide humanitarian relief for people displaced by the fighting in former Yugoslavia (2 July 1992 – 9 January 1996); Deny Flight to monitor the air space over Bosnia-Herzegovina to prevent the warring parties from using their air strength (12 April 1993 – 21 December 1995); and Sharp Guard to enforce the arms embargo against the combatants (15 June 1993 – 2 October 1996). Mississippi served as Red Crown—coordinating air operations—in the Maverick Operating Area in the Adriatic Sea (2–18 April, 14–21 May, 11–21 June, 30 June – 9 July, 22–27 July, and 22 August–6 September 1995). In addition, the cruiser intercepted Polish vessel Dajti, and her boarding team boarded and inspected the Eastern European ship as a possible smuggler (7 April).

Two Cuban Mikoyan Gurevich MiG-29UB Fulcrums shot down two Cessna 337 Skymasters flown by the "Brothers to the Rescue," a non-profit organization opposed to the Cuban government of Fidel Castro, over contested international waters (24 February 1996). Mississippi led a surface action group that included guided missile cruiser  and guided missile frigate  during Operations Sentinel Lifeguard, Standoff IV, and Escort 1–96 in the Straits of Florida in response to the Cubans' downing the Skymasters (25–28 February and 1–7 March). In addition, the group escorted a civilian flotilla that laid a wreath on the water where the victims fell.

Decommissioning
By 1995 it was determined her nuclear reactors would need to be refueled, but cuts in the Navy budget ruled out the refueling overhaul the ship would need to continue in service.  After serving just 18 years in commissioned service, USS Mississippi (CGN-40) was deactivated on 6 September 1996 at Norfolk and was decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 28 July 1997. The ship was prepared and then towed from Norfolk, Virginia, to Bremerton, Washington, via the Panama Canal from March 1998 to May 1998. The MSC fleet tug  executed the initial tow until ex-Mississippi was moored at Rodman Naval Station, Panama.  The Pacific tow was completed by  to the Naval Sea Systems Command Inactive Ships Onsite Maintenance Office, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington.

ex-Mississippi'' entered the Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program around October 2004 and recycling was completed 30 November 2007.

In 2003, the ship's main mast was installed at the Vietnam Veteran's Memorial in Ocean Springs, Mississippi.

Gallery

See also
Nuclear powered cruisers of the United States Navy

References

External links

  DANFS – USS Mississippi-IV

 navsource.org: USS Mississippi
   USS Mississippi CGN-40 Official Crew Website

Virginia-class cruisers
Ships built in Newport News, Virginia
1976 ships
Cold War cruisers of the United States
Nuclear ships of the United States Navy

USS Mississippi (CGN-40)


Klettafeti (fræðiheiti: Entephria caesiata) er fiðrildi af fetaætt.  Hún finnst í fjallendi Evrasíu. Á Íslandi er hún um landið allt.

Tilvísanir

Tenglar
 Lepiforum e.V.
 Grey Mountain Carpet at UKMoths

Fetaætt
Skordýr á Íslandi

Klettafeti


Vladimir Genrikhovich Dolgov (transliteração em russo: Владимир Генрихович Долгов, Carcóvia, 11 de maio de 1960 - Carolina do Norte, 10 de janeiro de 2022) foi um nadador e treinador soviético de origem ucraniana. Representou a União Soviética nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1980, realizados em Moscou.

Biografia
Vladimir Dolgov nasceu em Carcóvia, cidade localizada no Oblast de Carcóvia, na República Socialista Soviética da Ucrânia, contexto histórico em que a Ucrânia era parte integrante da União Soviética. Começou a praticar e desenvolver-se na natação em um clube localizado em sua cidade natal.

Integrou a delegação soviética selecionada para disputar os Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1980, realizados na capital Moscou. Na competição participou de duas modalidades: 100 metros de nado costa e 200 metros de nado costas. Na segunda modalidade, Dolgov, ficou com o nono lugar na fase classificatória, não conseguindo avançar para a fase final - dado que a final foi composta por apenas oito atletas. Já na categoria de 100 metros, conquistou a medalha de bronze para a União Soviética, sendo superado apenas pelo sueco Bengt Baron e pelo também soviético Viktor Kuznetsov.

Após a passagem olímpica, no ano seguinte participou da Universíada de Verão de 1981 realizado em Bucareste na Romênia. Na categoria de 100 metros costas, ficou com a medalha de prata, sendo superado apenas pelo também soviético Sergei Zabolotnov e a frente do brasileiro Rômulo Arantes que completou o pódio.

No ano de 2015, mudou-se para os Estados Unidos para tornar-se treinador da Sailfish Aquatics, na Carolina do Norte. Estudou academicamente na área de educação física, onde defendeu um doutorado na área de desenvolvimento da técnica de natação e metodologia do treino desportivo.

Morte
Dolgov morreu em 10 de janeiro de 2022, aos sessenta e um anos, após lutar contra um câncer de estômago inoperável por dez meses.

Nascidos em 1960
Naturais de Carcóvia
Nadadores da Ucrânia
Nadadores nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1980
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1980
Campeões olímpicos da União Soviética
Mortes por câncer de estômago
Mortes por câncer nos Estados Unidos

Vladimir Dolgov


Agnethe er en kortfilm instrueret af Thomas Bjerregaard Nielsen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2001

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Agnethe


ඇට සුණු පිඟන් භාණ්ඩ යනු  මෘදු-පාප්ප පෝසිලේන් වර්ගයක් වන අතර,  ඇට සුණු, පෙල්ස්පැතික ද්‍රව්‍යය සහ කෙයොලීන් වලින් සමන්විත වෙයි.

පෝසිලේන්
අස්ථි

ඇට සුණු පිඟන් භාණ්ඩ


Henri Fromageot est un juriste et diplomate français.

Biographie
Il étudie le droit aux universités de Paris, de Leipzig et d'Oxford. En 1891, il termine ses études par un doctorat à la faculté de droit de Paris, où il reçoit une médaille d'or pour ses résultats académiques ainsi qu'aux examens nationaux comparatifs. Dans les années qui suivent, il est longtemps conseiller juridique du ministère des Affaires étrangères, qui lui confie également diverses missions diplomatiques. En outre, il participe à diverses conférences internationales en tant que délégué de son pays d'origine, notamment à la Seconde conférence de La Haye en 1907, à la Conférence de paix de Paris en 1919 et aux réunions de l'Assemblée, du Conseil et de divers Commissions de la Société des Nations à partir de 1920. Il est également membre de la Cour permanente d'arbitrage de La Haye et est membre ou conseiller de divers tribunaux d'arbitrage et commissions de conciliation pour le règlement des conflits internationaux.

Le 19 septembre 1929, il est élu juge à la Cour permanente de justice de la Cour internationale de justice (CIJ), à laquelle il avait précédemment appartenu en tant que juge ad hoc. Il succède à son compatriote André Weiss, décédé auparavant en fonction, et sert initialement pour la durée de son mandat restant jusqu'au 31 décembre 1930. Lors des élections régulières des juges du 25 septembre 1930, il est réélu pour neuf ans supplémentaires, son mandat a commencé le 1er décembre 1930 janvier 1931. La prochaine élection prévue des juges n'ayant pas eu lieu en raison du début de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il est resté en fonction jusqu'à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, même si les activités de la Cour permanente de Justice internationale avaient déjà été interrompues en 1942 en raison de la guerre. Il démissionne en juin 1945 pour des raisons d'âge et de santé et décède quatre ans plus tard dans sa ville natale de Versailles.

Son legs se trouve dans les archives du ministère des Affaires étrangères.

Publications
Notre visite au Parlement russe (1910)
L'Arbitrage des baux perpétuels au Japon : les faits, la procédure d'arbitrage, l'argumentation réciproque, la sentence du 22 mai 1905 (1905)
Les conditions de la nationalité des navires d'après la législation des différents pays maritimes (1903)
Congrès maritime international. Conférence de Hambourg, 25-28 septembre 1902 (1902)
Le Droit de pavillon pour les navires de commerce, loi allemande du 22 juin 1899 déterminant les conditions exigées des navires pour qu'ils soient autorisés à porter le pavillon allemand (1901)
Code disciplinaire et pénal pour la marine marchande, avec introduction, annoté et suivi d'une table analytique des matières (1901)
Mémoire sur l'organisation et le rôle des associations ouvrières et marchandes en Chine (1897)
Code maritime britannique... (traduction, 1896)
Étude sur les pouvoirs des commissions politiques d'enquête en Angleterre (1893)
Étude de droit maritime comparé. Le congrès international de droit maritime de Gênes (1893)
De la Faute comme source de la responsabilité en droit privé (1891)
Droit romain : sur le développement historique de l'"Actio injuriarum" en droit privé romain. Droit français : de la double nationalité des individus et des sociétés (1891)
De la Loi applicable aux obligations et spécialement à la responsabilité résultant pour les armateurs des contrats d'affrètement par charte-partie ou par connaissement

Références

Sources
"Biographical Notes Concerning the Judges and Deputy-Judges. M. Henri Fromageot". In: Seventh Annual Report of the Permanent Court of International Justice. A.W. Sijthoff's Publishing, Leiden 1931, S. 26/27
June K. Burton: "Fromageot, Henri-Auguste". In: Warren F. Kuehl (Hrsg.): Biographical Dictionary of Internationalists. Greenwood Press, Westport 1983

Liens externes

Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur promu en 1925
Naissance en septembre 1864
Naissance à Versailles
Décès en septembre 1949
Décès à Versailles
Juriste français
Étudiant de la faculté de droit de Paris
Étudiant de l'université d'Oxford
Étudiant de l'université de Leipzig
Juge de la Cour internationale de justice
Officier de l'Instruction publique
Décès à 85 ans

Henri Fromageot


Derbent (; ; ; ), formerly romanized as Derbend, is a city in Dagestan, Russia, located on the Caspian Sea. It is the southernmost city in Russia, and it is the second-most important city of Dagestan. Derbent occupies the narrow gateway between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus Mountains connecting the Eurasian Steppe to the north and the Iranian Plateau to the south; covering an area of , with a population of roughly 120,000 residents.

Derbent claims to be the oldest city in Russia, with historical documentation dating to the 8th century BC, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Due to its strategic location, over the course of history, the city changed ownership many times, particularly among the Persian, Arab, Mongol, Timurid, and Shirvan kingdoms. In the 19th century, the city passed from Persian into Russian hands by the Treaty of Gulistan of 1813.

Etymology
Derbent is derived from Persian "Darband" (, from dar "door/gate" + band "barrier/dam", lit., "gate in the barrier"), referring to the eastern-most pass in the high Caucasus Mountains (whence the putative "barrier/dam") on the beaches of the Caspian Sea. (The other pass, the Darial Pass, is in Central Caucasus Mountains, and likewise carries a Persian name, standing for "the Alan Pass/gate" with the Alans being the modern Iranic Ossetians.)

It is often identified with the Gates of Alexander, a legendary barrier supposedly built by Alexander the Great in the Caucasus. The Persian name for the city came into use at the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th century AD, when the city was re-established by Kavadh I of the Sassanid dynasty of Persia, but Derbent was probably already in the Sasanian sphere of influence as a result of the victory over the Parthians and the conquest of Caucasian Albania by Shapur I, the second shah of the Sassanid Persians. The geographical treatise Šahrestānīhā ī Ērānšahr written in Middle Persian mentions the old name of the fortress – Wērōy-pahr (The Georgian Guard):
šahrestan [ī] kūmīs [ī] panj-burg až-i dahāg pad šabestān kard. māniš [ī] *pārsīgān ānōh būd. padxwadayīh [ī] yazdgird ī šabuhrān kard andar tāzišn ī čōl wērōy-pahr [ī] an ālag. (The city of Kūmīs of five towers Aži Dahag made it his own harem. The abode of the Parthians was there. In the reign of Yazdgird, the son of Šabuhr made it during the invasion of the Čōl, at the boundary of the Georgian Guard.).
-Wėrōy-pahr: "The Georgian Guard" The old name of the fortress at Darband;...
In Arabic texts the city was known as "Bāb al-Abwāb" (), simply as "al-Bāb" () or as "Bāb al-Hadid" (). A similar name meaning "Iron Gate" was used by Turkic peoples, in the form "Demirkapi".

History

Derbent's location on a narrow, three-kilometer strip of land in the North Caucasus between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus mountains is strategic in the entire Caucasus region. Historically, this position allowed the rulers of Derbent to control land traffic between the Eurasian Steppe and the Middle East. The only other practicable crossing of the Caucasus ridge was over the Darial Gorge.

Persian rule

A traditionally and historically Iranian city, the first intensive settlement in the Derbent area dates from the 8th century BC; the site was intermittently controlled by the Persian monarchs, starting from the 6th century BC. Until the 4th century AD, it was part of Caucasian Albania which was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, and is traditionally identified with Albana, the capital. The modern name is a Persian word ( Darband) meaning "gateway", which came into use in the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th century AD, when the city was re-established by Kavadh I of the Sassanid dynasty of Persia, however, Derbent was probably already into the Sasanian sphere of influence as a result of the victory over the Parthians and the conquest of Caucasian Albania by Shapur I, the second shah of the Sassanid Persians. In the 5th century Derbent also functioned as a border fortress and the seat of a Sassanid marzban.

The  walls with thirty north-looking towers are believed to belong to the time of Kavadh's son, Khosrau I, who also directed the construction of Derbent's fortress.

Some say that the level of the Caspian was formerly higher and that the lowering of the water level opened an invasion route that had to be fortified. The chronicler Movses Kaghankatvatsi wrote about "the wondrous walls, for whose construction the Persian kings exhausted our country, recruiting architects and collecting building materials with a view of constructing a great edifice stretching between the Caucasus Mountains and the Great Eastern Sea". Derbent became a strong military outpost and harbour of the Sassanid Empire. During the 5th and 6th centuries, Derbent also became an important center for spreading the Christian faith in the Caucasus.

During periods when the Sasanians were distracted by war with the Byzantines or protracted battles with the Hephthalites in the eastern provinces, the northern tribes succeeded in advancing into the Caucasus. The first Sasanian attempt to seal off the road along the Caspian seacoast at Darband by means of a mud-brick wall has been dated in the reign of Yazdegerd II (438–457 AD).

Movses Kagankatvatsi left a graphic description of the sack of Derbent by the hordes of Tong Yabghu of the Western Turkic Khaganate in 627. His successor, Böri Shad, proved unable to consolidate Tong Yabghu's conquests, and the city was retaken by the Persians, who held it as an integral domain until the Muslim Arab conquest.

As mentioned by the Encyclopedia Iranica, ancient Iranian language elements were absorbed into the everyday speech of the population of Dagestan and Derbent especially during the Sassanian era, and many remain current. In fact, a deliberate policy of "Persianizing" Derbent and the eastern Caucasus, in general, can be traced over many centuries, from Khosrow I to the Safavid shahs Ismail I, and ʿAbbās the Great. According to the account in the later "Darband-nāma", after construction of the fortifications Khosrow I "moved much folk here from Persia", relocating about 3,000 families from the interior of Persia in the city of Derbent and neighboring villages. This account seems to be corroborated by the Spanish Arab Ḥamīd Moḥammad Ḡarnāṭī, who reported in 1130 that Derbent was populated by many ethnic groups, including a large Persian-speaking population.

Arab conquest
In 643, Derbent was captured by the Arab Muslims, who called it the Gate of Gates (Bab al-Abwab), following their invasion of Persia. They transformed it into an important administrative center and introduced Islam to the area. The impression of antiquity evoked by these fortifications led many Arab historians to connect them with Khosrow I and to include them among the seven wonders of the world. The Darband fortress was certainly the most prominent Sasanian defensive construction in the Caucasus and could have been erected only by an extremely powerful central government. Because of its strategic position on the northern branch of the Silk Route, the fortress was contested by the Khazars in the course of the Khazar-Arab Wars. The Sassanids had also brought Armenians from Syunik to help protect the pass from invaders; as Arab rule weakened in the region at the end of the ninth century, the Armenians living there were able to establish a kingdom, which lasted until the early years of the thirteenth century. The Holy Saviour Armenian Church still rises up in the skyline, though it is used as the Museum of Carpet, Arts and Crafts today due to the decline in the Armenian population. There was also a second Armenian church and two Armenian schools which served the Armenian community, which numbered about 3,000 in the census of 1913.

Excavations on the eastern side of the Caspian Sea, opposite to Derbent, revealed the Great Wall of Gorgan, the eastern counterpart to the wall and fortifications of Derbent. Similar Sassanian defensive fortifications there—massive forts, garrison towns, long walls—also run from the sea to the mountains.

The Caliph Harun al-Rashid lived in Derbent and brought it into great repute as a seat of the arts and commerce. According to Arab historians, Derbent, with a population exceeding 50,000, was the largest city of the 9th century in the Caucasus. In the 10th century, with the collapse of the Arab Caliphate, Derbent became the capital of an emirate. This emirate often fought losing wars with the neighboring Christian state of Sarir, allowing Sarir to manipulate Derbent's politics on occasion. Despite that, the emirate outlived its rival and continued to flourish at the time of the Mongol invasion in 1239. In the 14th century, Derbent was occupied by Timur's armies.

Shirvanshah era
The Shirvanshahs dynasty existed as independent or a vassal state, from 861 until 1538; longer than any other dynasty in the Islamic world. They were renowned for their cultural achievements and geopolitical pursuits. The rulers of Shirvan, called the Shirvanshahs, had attempted, and on numerous times, succeeded, to conquer Derbend since the 18th Shirvanshah king, Afridun I, was appointed as the governor of the city. Over the centuries the city changed hands often. The 21st Shirvanshah king, Akhsitan I, briefly reconquered the city. However, the city was lost once again to the northern Kipchaks.

After the Timurid invasion, Ibrahim I of Shirvan, the 33rd Shirvanshah, managed to keep the kingdom of Shirvan independent. Ibrahim I revived Shirvan's fortunes, and through his cunning politics managed to continue without paying tribute. Furthermore, Ibrahim also greatly increased the limits of his state. He conquered the city of Derbend in 1437. The Shirvanshahs integrated the city so closely with their political structure that a new branch of the Shirvan dynasty emerged from Derbend, the Derbenid dynasty. The Derbenid dynasty, being a cadet dynasty of Shirvan, inherited the throne of Shirvan in the 15th century.

In the early 16th century, the kingdom of Shirvan was conquered by Shah Ismail of the Safavid dynasty. As Shah Ismail incorporated all the Shirvan possessions, he also inherited Derbend.

Russian conquest

Derbent stayed under Iranian rule, while occasionally briefly taken by the Ottoman Turks such as in 1583 after the Battle of Torches and the Treaty of Constantinople, till the course of the 19th century, when the Russians occupied the city and wider Iranian-ruled swaths of Dagestan.

Being briefly taken by the Russians as a result of the Persian expedition of 1722–23 by Peter the Great, the 1735 Treaty of Ganja, formed by Imperial Russia and Safavid Iran (de facto ruled by Nader Shah), forced Russia to return Derbent and its bastion to Iran. In 1747, Derbent became the capital of the Derbent Khanate of the same name.

During the Persian Expedition of 1796, Derbent was stormed by Russian forces under General Valerian Zubov, but the Russians were forced to retreat due to internal political issues, making it fall under Persian rule again.
As a consequence of the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813) and the resulting Treaty of Gulistan of 1813, Derbent and wider Dagestan were ceded by Qajar Iran to the Russian Empire. (For background, see Russian conquest of the Caucasus#Caspian Coast.)

In the 1886 census of Dagestan Oblast, as part of Russia's Caucasus Viceroyalty, people of Iranian descent () were still an absolute majority at 8,994 out of 15,265, or 58,9%.

Geography
The modern city is built in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe; near the western shores of the Caspian Sea, south of the Rubas River, on the slopes of the Tabasaran Mountains (part of the Bigger Caucasus range). Derbent is well served by public transport, with its own harbor, a railway going south to Baku, and the Baku to Rostov-on-Don road.

To the north of the town is the monument of the Kirk-lar, or forty heroes, who fell defending Dagestan against the Arabs in 728. To the south lies the seaward extremity of the Caucasian wall (fifty metres long), otherwise known as Alexander's Wall, blocking the narrow pass of the Iron Gate or Caspian Gates (Portae Athanae or Portae Caspiae). When intact, the wall had a height of  and a thickness of about  and, with its iron gates and numerous watch-towers, defended Persia's frontier.

Climate
Derbent has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk).

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Derbent serves as the administrative center of Derbentsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the City of Derbent—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the City of Derbent is incorporated as Derbent Urban Okrug.

Demographics
According to the 1897 census, Derbent had 14,649 inhabitants, 9,767 of whom were Tatar (later known as Azerbaijani) speakers (66.7%) and 1,004 were Russian speakers (6.9%).

In 1916, Derbent had a population of 31,168 consisting of 7,919 Shia Muslims (25.4%), 7,567 Russians (24.3%), 6,879 Jews (22.1%), 5,138 Caucasian highlanders (16.5%), 2,604 Armenians (8.4%), and 1,061 Sunni Muslims (3.4%).

According to the 2021 Census, the main ethnic groups in the city are:
 Lezgins (36.4%)
 Azerbaijanis (35.1%)
 Tabasarans (12.2%)
 Dargins (5.0%)
 Russians (3.0%)
 Aghuls (3.0%)
 Rutuls (0.8%)

Jewish community

Jews began to settle in Derbent in ancient times. During the Khazars' reign, they played an important part in the life of the city. The Jewish traveler Benjamin of Tudela mentions Jews living in Derbent in the 12th century, and Christian traveler Wilhelm of Rubruquis writes about a Jewish community in the 13th century. The first mention of Jews in Derbent in modern times is by a German traveler, Adam Olearius, in the 17th century.

Derbent's Jewry suffered during the wars in the 18th century. Nadir Shah of Persia forced many Jews to adopt Islam. After the Russian conquest, many Jews of rural Dagestan fled to Derbent, which became the spiritual center of the Mountain Jews. The Jewish population numbered 2,200 in 1897 (15% of total population) and 3,500 in 1903. In the middle of the 20th century, Jews constituted about a third of the population of Derbent. In 1989, there were 13,000 Jews in the city, but most emigrated after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In 2002, there were 2,000 Jews with an active synagogue and community center. The chief rabbi of Derbent, Obadiah Isakov, was badly injured in an assassination attempt on July 25, 2013, sparking concerns of further acts of antisemitism targeting the Jewish community. In 2016, the Jewish population was down to 1,345.

Economy and culture
The city is home to machine building, food, textile, fishing, and fishery supplies, construction materials, and wood industries. It is the center of Russian brandy production. The educational infrastructure includes a university as well as several technical schools. On the cultural front, there is a Lezgin drama theater (named after S. Stalsky). About two kilometers () from the city is the vacation colony of Chayka (Seagull).

The Soviet novelist Yury Krymov named a fictional motor tanker after the city in his book The Tanker "Derbent".

Theaters

Derbent has 3 state and 1 municipal theaters.
State Azerbaijan Drama Theater
State Lezgin Music and Drama Theater named after S. Stalsky
State Tabasaran Drama Theater
Judeo-Tat Theatre

Citadel of Derbend

Derbent resembles a huge museum and has magnificent mountains and shore nearby, and therefore possesses much touristic potential, further increased by UNESCO's classification of the citadel, ancient city and fortress as a World Heritage Site in 2003; however, instability in the region has halted development.

The current fortification and walls were built by the Persian Sassanian Empire as a defensive structure against hostile nomadic people in the north, and continuously repaired or improved by later Arab, Mongol, Timurid, Shirvan, and Iranian kingdoms until the early course of the 19th century, as long as its military function lasted. The fortress was built under the direction of the Sassanid emperor Khosrow (Chosroes) I.

A large portion of the walls and several watchtowers still remain in reasonable shape. The walls, reaching to the sea, date from the 6th century, Sassanid dynasty period. The city has a well-preserved citadel (Narin-kala), enclosing an area of , enclosed by strong walls. Historical attractions include the baths, the cisterns, the old cemeteries, the caravanserai, the 18th-century Khan's mausoleum, as well as several mosques.

Religious monuments
As of 1865, the city had: 1 - Russian and 1 - Armenian church; 1 - Sunni and 16 - Shiite mosques, as well as 3 synagogues.

Mosques
 Juma Mosque is the oldest mosque in Russia and the CIS. Built over a 6th-century Christian basilica; it has a 15th-century madrasa.
 Bala-mosque is a mosque at the gates of Orta-kapa. In 1796 it was destroyed during the siege of the city by General Zubov. Restored in 1812.
 Kilis-mosque is a mosque. It is located in the 7th district. In 1823-1853 the mosque served as a church. Now it is called Tovba Mesjidi.
 Kyrhlyar-mosque is a mosque at the gates of Kyrhlyar-kapa. Built in 1626-1627 by order of Shah Abbas. Another name is Shah Abbas Mesjidi. Rebuilt several times.
 The Minaret-mosque is the only mosque in the city with a minaret. Construction dates back to the XIII-XIV centuries. Rebuilt in the middle of the 19th century. The minaret is 11.5 meters high.
 Chertebe-mosque is a mosque in 1 mahal. Construction dates back to the 17th century. Rebuilt at the end of the 19th century. Completely demolished in the 1960s.

Churches
 Armenian Church of the Holy All-Savior is an architectural monument of the XIX century. Built in 1860. After the completion of the overhaul and restoration work, in May 1982, a museum of fine arts (a branch of the republican museum of fine arts) was opened in it. The museum became part of the State Museum-Reserve as a department of "Carpets and arts and crafts".
 Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin is an Orthodox church. Built in 1899, opened in 1900.
 Cathedral of St. George the Victorious of Derbent was the main Russian Orthodox Church in the city of Derbent. Demolished in 1938.

Synagogues
 The Derbent Synagogue is the only synagogue in the city. The center of the spiritual life of the Jews of Derbent. Built in 1914. In 2009 the synagogue building was reconstructed. It was reopened on March 22, 2010.

Cemeteries
 Kyrkhlyar is an old and revered cemetery established in the 7th century. It is the oldest active Muslim cemetery in Russia. The name means "the forty" and refers to the 40 companions of Prophet Muhammad who were martyred there in 20 AH (640-641 CE) during the early Muslim expansion.

Lighthouse

 Derbent Lighthouse is the southernmost lighthouse in Russia. The lighthouse is included in the list of protected monuments of Russia and UNESCO.

Notable people
 Shahriyar of Derbent (7th century), Sasanian commander
 Yuno Semyonov (1899–1961), prose writer, playwright and artistic director
 Boris Gavrilov (1908–1990), writer and poet
 Mishi Bakhshiev (1910–1972), writer and poet
 Daniil Atnilov (1913–1968), poet
 Manuvakh Dadashev (1913–1943), poet
 Sergey Izgiyayev (1922–1972), poet, playwright, and translator of Mountain Jewish descent
 Tamara Musakhanov (1924—2014), sculptor and ceramist
 Mikhail Gavrilov (1926–2014), writer and poet
 Yagutil Mishiev (born 1927), writer
 Zoya Semenduev (1929–2020), poet
 Mushail Mushailov (1941—2007), artist and teacher
 Igor Yusufov (born 1956), politician
 Bella Nisan (born ca.1957), ophthalmologist
 Israel Tsvaygenbaum (born 1961), artist
 Suleyman Kerimov (born 1966), businessman, investor, and politician
 Sevil Novruzova (born ca.1977), lawyer

Twin towns – sister cities

Derbent is twinned with:
  Ganja, Azerbaijan
  Yakima, United States
  Hadera, Israel
  Kronstadt, Russia

References

Notes

Sources

 Some text used with permission from www.travel-images.com. The original text can be found here .
 M. S. Saidov, ed., Katalog arabskikh rukopiseĭ Instituta IYaL Dagestanskogo filiala AN SSSR (Catalogue of Arabic manuscripts in the H.L.L. Institute of the Dāḡestān branch of the A.N. of the U.S.S.R.) I, Moscow, 1977.
 Idem and A. R. Shikhsaidov, "Derbend-name (k istorii izucheniya)" (Darband-nāma. On the history of research)," in Vostochnye istochniki po istorii Dagestana (Eastern sources on the history of Dāḡestān), Makhachkala, 1980, pp. 564.

External links

 Official website of Derbent
 Derbent Business Directory
 History and attractions of Derbent
 History of Derbent and the millennia old historical and cultural relations it has with Iran.

Cities and towns in Dagestan
Archaeological sites in Dagestan
History of Derbent
Derbent
Populated places on the Caspian Sea
Populated coastal places in Russia
Forts in Russia
Sassanian fortifications
Sasanian cities
Persian-Caucasian architecture
World Heritage Sites in Russia
Wine regions of Russia
Antisemitism in Russia
Sasanian defense lines

Derbent


Gena Lee Nolin (Duluth, Minnesota, 29 de noviembre de 1971) es una actriz y modelo estadounidense. Es conocida por sus apariciones en la televisión en The Price Is Right y Baywatch en la década de 1990.

Carrera
En 1994, se convirtió en una de las Bellezas de Barker en el concurso de televisión, The Price Is Right.  Poco después, Nolin apareció en la telenovela The Young and the Restless como una modelo llamada Sandy.

En 1995, Nolin protagonizó su gran papel como Neely Capshaw en la serie Baywatch (convirtiéndose en la segunda actriz en interpretar un personaje polémico, que fue creado para aparecer en una parte de un episodio). Luego en el año, Nolin comenzó a modelar, por primera vez desde su embarazo, para Maxim. En 1998, Nolin renunció a Baywatch y comenzó su propio show, Sheena, en 2000. En 2001, Nolin posó desnuda para la edición de Navidad de Playboy. El año siguiente, Sheena fue cancelado.
Hizo un vídeo musical con Billy Currington llamado, "I Got A Feeling."

Vida personal
Se casó con Greg Fahlman el 27 de noviembre de 1993, y tienen un hijo llamado Spencer (nacido en 1997). En 2004, Nolin se divorció de Fahlman y se casó con el jugador de hockey sobre hielo Cale Hulse. Tienen dos hijos: Hudson Lee Hulse (nacido en 2006) y Stella Monroe Hulse (nacida en 2008).
Poco después del nacimiento de su primer hijo, Nolin fue diagnosticada y tratada por depresión postparto. Sufrió grandes síntomas durante su segundo embarazo, y luego sufrió de Trastornos del ritmo cardíaco durante el tercero. Un nivel de tiroxina con un test de sangre encontró un nivel bajo, y fue inmediatamente diagnosticada con Tiroiditis de Hashimoto. Nolin ahora hace campañas de controles periódicos de la glándula tiroides y análisis de sangre.

Como muchas otras celebridades, Nolin ha aparecido en un vídeo sexual, que está disponible en muchos sitios web. La cinta fue grabada probablemente en 1995 y aparece Nolin y Fahlman. Apareció en internet en abril de 2004. Después de su divorcio, Fahlman lo guardó y una novia de años más tarde lo encontró y lo vendió a un sitio pornográfico.

Filmografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Actrices de Minnesota
Actrices de cine de Estados Unidos
Actrices de televisión de Estados Unidos
Modelos de concursos televisivos
Nacidos en Duluth (Minnesota)

Gena Lee Nolin


European League of Football (ELF) je svoje prvo izdanje imala 2021. godine.
Sudjelovalo je osam klubova iz tri zemlje.
Prvi prvak ELF-a je postala momčad "Frankfurt Galaxy".

Sustav natjecanja
Osam klubova je podijeljeno u dvije divizije - "Sjevernu" (engl. North Division) i "Južnu" (eng. South Division). U ligaškom dijelu kroz 12 kola svaki klub odigra deset utakmica - dvije protiv svakog kluba iz svoje divizije, te po dvije protiv dva kluba iz druge divizije. Po završetku ligaškog dijela, po dva najbolje plasirana kluba iz svake divizije igraju doigravanje, te igraju za prvaka divizije. Pobjednici divizijskih susreta doigravanja igraju završnu utakmicu - "ELF Championship Game".

Sudionici

Rezultati i ljestvica

Ligaški dio

Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka
Igrano od 19. lipnja do 5. rujna 2021.

Doigravanje

Divizijske utakmice
 Poluzavršnica ELF-a

ELF Championship Game

Povezani članci
 European League of Football

Vanjske poveznice
  europeanleague.football
  football-aktuell.de, ELF

Izvori

  football-aktuell.de, ELF 2021, pristupljeno 21. veljače 2022.
  sofascore.com, European League of Football
 rezultati.com, European League of Football
  europeanleague.football, Standings 2021, wayback arhiva

2021

European League of Football 2021.


Wolf's Lair Abyss EP je norveškog black metal-sastava Mayhem. Diskografska kuća Misanthropy Records objavila ga je 3. studenoga 1997.

Prema službenim internetskim stranicama sastava to je prvi dio albuma Grand Declaration of War. Glavni rif na posljednjoj pjesmi "Symbols of Bloodswords" pojavio se na kasnijim pjesmama "A Grand Declaration of War" i "View from Nihil (Part II)".

EP je prvo izdanje sastava na kojem se nije pojavio gitarist Euronymous, koji je ubijen 1993. Materijal nove postave prikazan u pjesmama s gledišta tehnike znatno je složeniji od onog ranijih postava sastava; svaka pjesma osim uvoda sadrži najmanje dva odvojena dijela i brz tempo te u gotovo svakoj od njih prevladava bubnjarska tehnika poznata kao blast beatovi.

Popis pjesama

Zasluge

 Mayhem

 Maniac – vokal
 Blasphemer – gitara
 Necrobutcher – bas-gitara
 Hellhammer – bubnjevi

 Ostalo osoblje

 Garm – produkcija, miks, mastering
 Stephen O'Malley – dizajn
 Knut Magne Valle – miks
 Tiziana Stupia – fotografije
 Kerri – tipografija

Izvori

Albumi sastava Mayhem
Albumi iz 1997.
EP

Wolf's Lair Abyss


Neornithischia ("novos ornitísquios") é um clado da ordem dos dinossauros Ornithischia. É o grupo irmão do Thyreophora dentro do clado Genasauria. Os neornitísquios são unidos por terem uma camada mais espessa de esmalte assimétrico na parte interna dos dentes inferiores. Os dentes se desgastavam de forma desigual com a mastigação e desenvolviam cristas afiadas que permitiam aos neornitísquios quebrar alimentos vegetais mais duros do que outros dinossauros. Neornitísquios incluem uma variedade de formas basais historicamente conhecidas como "hypsilophodontes", incluindo os Parksosauridae; além disso, existem formas derivadas classificadas nos grupos Marginocephalia e Ornithopoda. O primeiro inclui os clados Pachycephalosauria e Ceratopsia, enquanto o último inclui tipicamente Hypsilophodon e o mais derivado Iguanodontia.

Classificação
Neornithischia foi nomeado pela primeira vez por Cooper em 1985 e definido como "todos os genasaurianos mais intimamente relacionados com Parasaurolophus walkeri do que com Ankylosaurus magniventris ou Stegosaurus stenops". Em 2021, Neornithischia recebeu uma definição formal sob o PhyloCode: "O maior clado contendo Iguanodon bernissartensis e Triceratops horridus, mas não Ankylosaurus magniventris e Stegosaurus stenops."

Um estudo de 2017 de Matthew G. Baron, David B. Norman e Paul M. Barrett recuperou o táxon Lesothosaurus diagnosticus do Jurássico Inferior da África Austral como o membro mais basal conhecido de Neornithischia - uma posição anteriormente ocupada por Stormbergia hazardshoeki (um táxon considerado por os autores como uma forma adulta de Lesothosaurus e, portanto, um sinônimo subjetivo júnior). No entanto, Baron et al. prossegue afirmando que este resultado é apenas pouco suportado e que estudos futuros serão necessários para melhor resolver a base da árvore ornitísquia.

O cladograma abaixo segue uma análise de Clint A. Boyd publicada em 2015 sobre as relações dos neornitísquios:

O cladograma seguinte resulta da análise de Herne et al., 2019. Parksosaurus e Elasmaria foram recuperados dentro de Ornithopoda, entre outras relações revisadas.

Ornitísquios

Neornithischia


Prayut Chan-o-cha (også translittereret som Prayuth Chan-ocha. thai: ประยุทธ์ จันทร์โอชา), født den 21. marts 1954, er en thailandsk politiker, selvproklameret som landets 29. premierminister fra 24. august 2014, fra 5. juni 2019 valgt som premierminister med embede indtil 20. marts 2023, hvor der blev udskrevet nyvalg til underhuset. Herefter fungerende premierminister indtil en ny blev valgt af parlamentet, den 22. august. Desuden forhenværende general og øverstbefalende for hæren fra oktober 2010 til oktober 2014. Prayuth Chan-ocha overtog ledelsen af nationen ved et ublodigt militærkup den 22. maj, 2014, hvor han sammen andre generaler styrede gennem National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO), Det Nationale Råd for Fred og Orden.

Efter fem år som leder af militærjuntaen frem til parlamentsvalget i marts 2019, blev Prayut den 5. juni valgt som premierminister med et kombineret stemmeflertal i det folkevalgte Repræsentanternes Hus og det af militæret udpegede Senat. I maj 2023 markerede premierminister Prayut Chan-o-cha ni år ved magten. I thailandsk politik er dette en bemærkelsesværdig lang embedsperiode, der overgår selv Prem Tinsulanondas otte-årige styre i 1980'erne; ikke siden Thanom Kittikachorns embedsperiode fra 1963 til 1973 har nogen thailandsk leder været i embedet i over ni år.

Prayut omtales til tider i thailandske medier med øgenavnet "Big Tu" (thai: บิ๊กตู่), hvilket betyder "at gribe med magt" (at gribe magten med magt). Politisk kaldenavn/kælenavn er "Uncle Tu", på dansk, "Onkel Tu". Kaldenavneter et ordspil med udtrykket tu mai roo lom (thai: ตู่ไม่รู้ล้ม, dansk: jeg ved ikke, hvordan man falder). Ordlegen kan både henvise til en yadong-opskrift (kur), der foregiver at øge viriliteten, og til at Prayut modstår tonsvis af kritik, protester og kontroverser, men formår at holde fast i sin position og dermed "ved ikke, hvordan man falder".

Tidligt liv og uddannelse
Prayut Chan-o-cha blev født den 21. marts 1954, i den nordøstlige provins Nakhon Ratchasima. Hans far var
oberst i hæren og hans mor skolelærer. Han har to brødre og en søster, den ene bror er general i hæren og søsteren general i luftvåbenet.

Prayut Chan-o-cha fik sin grundskoleuddannelse i Lop Buri og forsatte i gymnasium i Bangkok. Derefter blev han uddannet fra Forsvarskollegiernes Forberedende Skole (the Armed Forces Academies Preparatory School) i 1971 og senere Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy i 1976. Efter afsluttet akademiuddannelse begyndte han sin militære karriere i det 21. Infanteriregiment, kendt kollektivt som Dronningens Vagt.

Militærkarriere

Prayut Chan-o-cha blev stedfortrædende øverstbefalende for 2. Infanteridivision, der husede indflydelsesrige fraktioner og officerer i en gruppering kaldt Burapha Phayak (dansk, Østlige Tigre), blandt andre general, og senere hærchef, Prawit Wongsuwan, der sidenhen blev medlem af Chan-o-chas militærregering.

I 2003 blev Prayut forfremmet til øverstbefalende for den 2. Infanteriedivision, og to år senere stedfortrædende øverstbefalende for hele Den Første Arme, der inkluderer 2. Infanteriedivisionen, og efter et år den øverstbefalende for armeen. Han fungerede som stabschef for Den Kongelige Thailandske Arme (Royal Thai Army) fra 2008 til 2009 og blev hærens øverstbefalende i 2010. Fire år senere, i 2014 ledede han nationens 21. statskup.

Prayut blev boende i en militærbolig, efter han blev valgt som premierminister i 2019, hvilket har medført kritik, selv om pensionerede generaler har mulighed for, at blive gratis boende i et af militæret ejet hus. Et argument i forbindelse med genopstilling til valg i 2023 er, at de, der deltager i almindelige valg, inklusive medlemmer af regeringen, ved lov er forbudt at benytte statsejendom eller personale under deres valgkampagner.

Politisk karriere

Statskup

Den 22. maj 2014 ledede Prayut Chan-o-cha et ublodigt statskup efter en syv-måneders periode med politiske uroligheder, hvor bevægelsen gultrøjer havde demonstreret i Bangkok mod den siddende demokratisk valgte regering under ledelse af Yingluck Shinawatra. Selv om militæret lovede et hurtigt nyvalg til parlamentet efter kuppet, udråbte Prayut sig selv som premierminister tre måneder senere, den 21. august, og beholdt posten i næsten fem år. Efter ændring af forfatningen (grundloven) i 2017, blev der endeligt udskrevet valg til afholdelse den 24. marts 2019. Dog ville det endelige valgsresultat ikke blive offentliggjort før efter kong Vajiralongkorns kroning den 4. maj. Chan-o-cha var under militærregeringen fratrådt som general, og stillede op som premierministerkandidat for et nystiftet politisk parti, Palang Pracharat. Det nye demokratisk valgte parlament mødtes første gang den 24. maj, fem år efter statskuppet, Chan-o-cha blev derved den kupmager, der havde beholdt magten i længst tid i nyere thailandsk historie.

Valgt som premierminister
Den 5. juni 2019, blev Prayut Chan-o-cha valgt som Thailands 29. premierminister med kombineret stemmeflertal fra 500 folkevalgte parlamentsmedlemmer i Repræsentanternes Hus, og 250 af militæret udpegede senatorer.

Hvor Prayut i begyndelsen stod for national forsoning, som leder af kupmagernes NCPO (Nationale Råd for Fred or Orden; engelsk, National Council for Peace and Order), blev han efter fem års militærregime, årsag til politisk splittelse mellem demokrater og militære magthavere. Hans politiske opgave som valgt premierminister, baseret på et tyndt mandat, blev at bevise, at der findes noget imellem demokrati og diktatur.

Tvivl om embedsperiode som premierminister

Der blev i 2022 rejst tvivl om, hvorvidt Prayut Chan-o-cha kunne fortsætte, hvis man regner med datoen for magtovertagelse som premierminister, den 24. august efter militærkuppet i 2014, da en premierminister kun kan forblive otte år i embedet. Oppositionen indbragte spørgsmålet for Forfatningsdomstolen. Der er to mulige udregninger, enten fra han blev premierminister under militærjuntaen, den 27. august 2014 under en midlertidig forfatning, hvorved hans embedsperiode udløber 24. august 2022, eller at hans embede begyndte, da han blev udpeget som premierminister den 9. juni 2019, efter parlamentsvalget den 24. marts samme år. Forfatningens paragraf 158, stk. 1 siger: "Kongen udpeger premierministeren og højst 35 ministre til at danne regering, som er ansvarligt for statens anliggender". Forfatningsdomstolen afgjorde med stemmerne 5-4, at de ville behandle anmodningen om Prayuts embedsperiode, hvorfor han måtte tage en pause som premierminister. Embedet blev overdraget til vice-premierminister Prawit Wongsuwans varetægt, mens Chan-o-cha kunne forsætte i regeringen som forsvarsminister.

Den 30. september afgjorde Forfatningsdomstolen, at Prayut i henhold til forfatningen kan fortsætte som premierminister, da Chan-o-cha endnu ikke har afsluttet sin otte-årige embedsperiode, eftersom hans embede som premierminister begyndte i 2017, året hvor forfatningen blev offentliggjort, og ikke i 2014, året hvor han kom til magten ved et statskup, som han selv havde orkestreret som hærchef tidligere samme år.

Genopstillede ved 2023-valget

Prayut Chan-o-cha genopstillede ved parlamentsvalget den 14. maj 2023 for det nystiftede "ultra konservative" parti Ruam Thai Sang Chart (engelsk: United Thai Nation Party, dansk: Forenede Thailandske Nation). Partiet fik kun 36 pladser i Repræsentanternes Hus ud af 500. Den 11. juli meddelte Prayut, at han forlod politik. En ny premierminister skulle vælges af parlamentet den 13. juli. Chan-o-cha udtalte: »Fra nu af vil jeg stoppe med politik. Jeg træder tilbage som medlem af United Thai Nation (Ruam Thai Sang Chart) Party. Som premierminister har jeg arbejdet hårdt for at beskytte nationen, religionen og monarkiet til gavn for folket. Resultatet bærer i øjeblikket frugt for offentligheden.«

Hvad Prayut opnåede poltisk

Med flere end ni år ved magten – heraf fem års militær-regering, hvor premierministeren praktisk talt havde absolut magt – bør Prayut-æraen betragtes som en af nationens bedste nyere muligheder for langsigtet økonomisk planlægning og præstation. Thailand er et land, der leder efter nye vækstmotorer. I erkendelse af dette, satte Prayuts regering et mål om, at bringe Thailand til status som udviklet land inden 2037. Thailand Development Research Institute (forkortet TDRI, dansk: Thailands udviklingsforskningsinstitut) udgav en rapport, der evaluerer Prayut-administrationens anden periode, den demokratisk valgte regering fra 2019 til 2023. Der er tre nøgleområder, som rapporten fremhæver: industriel strategi, infrastruktur og uddannelse.

Et af Prayut-regeringens flagskibsprogrammer var Eastern Economic Corridor (forkortet EEC, dansk: Den Østlige Økonomiske Korridor). Rapporten finder, at EEC har haft stor succes med at tiltrække nye investeringer, især i eksisterende industrier såsom elektronik og biler. EEC har dog opnået langt mindre med hensyn til investeringer i de nye S-kurve-industrier (ny virksomhed med et nyt produkt eller en ny tjeneste, til massemarkedet), såsom robotteknologi.

Prayuts regering opnåede indiskutabel succes med infrastruktur, både fysisk og digitalt. TDRI-rapporten nævner, at selvom adskillige projekter blev forsinket af coronaviruspandemien, gennemførte Prayut-administrationen med succes mange offentlige transportprojekter, herunder tre nye bybane-toglinjer i Bangkok. Digitale tjenester såsom Promptpay (en betalings-app) kom frem under pandemien, hvilket gjorde meget for at fremme Thailands digitale økonomi. Dog førte en stor del af regeringens øvrige digital-relaterede lovgivning ikke til konkrete resultater i embedsperioden.

TDRI-rapporten bemærkede uddannelse, som problematisk. Rapporten påpegede, at grundskolens læseplan ikke var blevet revideret i 15 år, og trods tidlige bestræbelser fra regeringen på delvist at opbygge en ny kompetencebaseret læseplan, "nægtede politiske aktører at tillade dens brug, hvilket betød, at landet mistede en mulighed, for at modernisere sin uddannelse." Prayuts anden regering fortsatte indsatsen fra den første med sandkasseområder, hvor det blev muligt for nogle skoler, at være mere uafhængige indenfor innovation, hvilket opnåede en vis succes, men med uklare resultater for uddannelsessystemet som helhed.

Med tålmodighed og vedholdenhed lykkedes det diplomatiet under Prayuts regering, at afhjælpe genopretning af landets internationale tillid i det globale samfund og i engagement med stormagterne. Med succes blev flere irriterende grænseoverskridende problemer, som havde hjemsøgt tidligere regeringer, løst. Blandt andet blev Thailands indsats for at tackle menneskehandel løftet til niveau 2 af USA i 2022. Desuden fik seriøs bekæmpelse af ulovligt fiskeri ros fra EU. Som ASEAN-formand i 2019 spillede Thailand en afgørende rolle i at skabe indgåelse af Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (dansk: Regionalt omfattende økonomisk partnerskab, forkortet RCEP), som blev underskrevet et år senere i Hanoi. I 2022 sluttede Prayut-regeringen sig til USAs nye økonomiske initiativ, kendt som Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (dansk: Indo-Pacific økonomisk ramme for velstand, forkortet IPEF). Den mest bemærkelsesværdige præstation, hvad angår bilaterale forbindelser, var imidlertid, at de thai-saudiarabiske forbindelser blev genoprettet og fuldt normaliseret efter mere end tre årtiers fastfrysning.

Privat
Prayut Chan-o-cha er også sangskriver og har komponeret otte sange siden han blev Thailands leder efter 2014-statskuppet.

Han er gift med Naraporn Chan-o-cha og har to børn.

Prayut Chan-o-cha eller Prayuth Chan-ocha?
I begyndelsen stavede engelsksprogede thai medier navnet som Prayuth Chan-ocha i 2014, men ændrede nogle år senere translitterationen til Prayut Chan-o-cha, mens nogle udenlandske medier stadig anvendte den anden stavemåde. På breve fra premierministerens kontor skrives Prayut Chan-o-cha.

Referencer

Politikere fra Thailand

Prayut Chan-o-cha


Județul Roman a fost o unitate administrativă de ordinul întâi din Vechiul Regat al României (existent în perioada antebelică). Județul se afla în regiunea istorică Moldova, iar reședința era orașul Roman.

Așezare și limite

Județul Roman era situat în nordul României, într-o zonă de șes pe ambele maluri ale râului Siret. Se învecina cu județele Neamț, Bacău, Tutova, Vaslui, Iași și Suceava.

Istoric
În anul 1864, domnitorul Alexandru Ioan Cuza dă prima lege de organizare administrativ-teritorială modernă a teritoriului României. Legea prevedea împărțirea țării în 33 de județe, având ca subdiviziuni plășile și comunele (urbane și rurale). Județele și comunele erau investite cu personalitate juridică și cu organe deliberative și executive: consiliul județean și prefectul (acesta din urmă ca reprezentant al guvernului în teritoriu), respectiv consiliul comunal
și primarul (în calitate de reprezentant al guvernului în teritoriu). Plășile erau simple subdiviziuni ale județelor, fără personalitate juridică, conduse de subprefecți, cu atribuții de supraveghere și control asupra autorităților comunale.

Județul antebelic Roman era împărțit în 4 plăși: Siretul de Sus, Siretul de Jos, Moldova și Fundul. În 1902, plășile Siretul de Jos și Moldova erau deja unite, având un singur subprefect. Județul avea o comună urbană și 59 comune rurale.

La Strunga se găseau ape minerale sulfuroase și exista și un stabiliment balnear. Pe teritoriul comunei Elisabeta-Doamna și pe moșia statului Pâncsești-Dragomirești, la 5 km sud de orașul Roman, era o școală de agricultură. Ca meserii tradiționale se practicau: tâmplăria în Tupilați; rotăria în Văleni, Pustieta, Corneiul, Valea lui Ene, Băcești, Boghicea, Slobozia, Sagna și Todireni; căruțăria înainte de 1902 în Iugani și Hălăucești; linguri, albii și fuse în Păltinișul, Solca, Veja-Lingurari, Vulpăsești, Ghideon, Nistra și Vadul Vejei; juguri în Vaduri; dogărie în târgușorul Băcești; olăria în Muncelul de Sus, Izvorul, Linsești, Iucșa, Oțeleni, Mănăstirea, Chicera, Hândrești și Dulcești; fierăria în Fundul Ocii; frânghieria în Mărmureni și Galbeni; cojocăria în Lițca și Gherăești; mangalul în Bunghi; rogojinile la Dulcești și țesăturile de lână, mai mult în satul Bahna.

Pădurile acopereau aproape toată partea de est și cea de vest a județului, precum și culmea Dealului-Mărului-Golani cu toate ramificațiile ei.

Marca
Cantitatea grâului ce se seamănă în acest județ, în raport cu suprafața sa și cultura altor cereale, precum și calitatea superioară a acestuia, a determinat ca marca (stema) județului Roman să fie reprezentată de trei spice de grâu.

Referințe

Bibliografie
  Marele Dicționar Geografic al României, George Ioan Lahovary, 1902

Vezi și
 Lista județelor și a plășilor din România antebelică
 Județul Roman (interbelic)

Județe istorice ale României

Județul Roman (antebelic)


Christopher Judge is an American actor. He is best known for playing Teal'c in the Canadian-American military science fiction television series Stargate SG-1, and Kratos in the 2018 video game God of War and its 2022 sequel God of War Ragnarök. He attended the University of Oregon on a football scholarship and was a Pacific-10 Conference player.

Early life
Judge wanted to be an actor from an early age, and studied drama in high school. "The television set was my babysitter growing up. I can remember wanting to invoke the feelings that I was getting from television—I wanted to be the one who was the catalyst for those feelings in other people. Performing was something I've always known I was going to do."  He always knew that sports would be a stepping stone to an acting career.

Judge received a scholarship from the University of Oregon and played defensive back and safety for the Ducks from 1982 to 1985. He led in kickoff return yardage for 1983-84 and interceptions in 1984, and won the Casanova Award in 1982, awarded to the freshman or newcomer of the year. While at Oregon, Judge was a Pacific-10 Conference Selection in 1984 and played in the 1985 Hula Bowl.

Judge won a contest to host a radio show in Oregon, and in his senior year he won a regional contest to host the West Coast FOX KLSR Morning Show, an "MTV talk show type thing"; he used this experience to get an agent and move back to Los Angeles.

Career

Acting

In 1989 Judge began studying at the Howard Fine Studio in Los Angeles. His early roles in the 1990s included Bird on a Wire, Cadence, Neon Rider and MacGyver with future Stargate SG-1 star Richard Dean Anderson. In the ensuing years, Judge had small parts in various television shows and films such as 21 Jump Street (with future SG-1 director Peter DeLuise), The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, and House Party 2, and as a regular on Sirens from 1994 to 1995.

Judge's largest role came in 1997 with Stargate SG-1. While at a friend's house, he saw his friend's roommate practicing for an audition for the show and was intrigued. While the roommate was away, Judge looked at the audition notes, called his agent, and insisted he get him an audition or lose him as a client.  At the audition, there were three actors trying out for each of the other principal roles, but eight or ten for the role of Teal'c. Judge was confident that he had acquired the part when they dismissed everyone who had read for the part except him.

Judge's subsequent work includes guest spots on Andromeda, Stargate Atlantis, The Mentalist, the television film Personal Effects, and the films Snow Dogs and A Dog's Breakfast, the latter written and directed by fellow Stargate actor David Hewlett. Judge appeared in "Anonymous", the October 26, 2010 episode of NCIS: Los Angeles, and as one of Bane's henchmen in the 2012 film The Dark Knight Rises.

Writing
Judge wrote four Stargate SG-1 episodes: season five's "The Warrior", season six's "The Changeling", season seven's "Birthright", and season eight's "Sacrifices".

After Stargate SG-1 was cancelled, Judge began writing a script for a show called Rage of Angels that would have enabled him to play "the lead in an hour formatted show and prove that a black lead can be commercially viable and sustainable in overseas markets." The script was marketed as a two-hour, back door pilot with MGM, but is now apparently with Direct TV and Starz Media.

Voice work

Judge has also done voice acting for animated series and video games, including Magneto on X-Men: Evolution, and the canceled Stargate SG-1: The Alliance.

In the season eight episode, "Avatar", Teal'c informs SG-1 that he plays Def Jam Vendetta, alluding to the fact that Judge had provided the voice of D-Mob, the main antagonist in that game. He once again appeared as D-Mob in the sequel, Def Jam: Fight for NY. He voiced Jericho in Turok.

Judge provided the voice of Zodak on the 2002 He-Man and the Masters of the Universe cartoon as well as Coach Grey in the Action Man CGI series from 2000.

On June 14, 2016, Judge confirmed he was the voice actor for Kratos in the 2018 God of War, replacing long time Kratos voice actor Terrence C. Carson. He reprised the role in God of War Ragnarök.

Personal life
Judge is involved with the Boys & Girls Clubs of Canada and is an avid golfer.

His son, Cameron, is a professional Canadian football linebacker for the Calgary Stampeders; Cameron played college football for UCLA and was drafted 2nd overall in the 2017 CFL Draft. His other son, Christopher Jordan, played college football for Cal Poly and was drafted 71st overall in the 2019 CFL Draft.

According to tweets from Judge, he could not walk in 2019, and he had to undergo surgery to have both his hips replaced, alongside back and knee surgery.

Awards and nominations
In 2002, Judge was nominated for a Saturn Award in the category of Best Supporting Actor in a Television Series for his work on Stargate SG-1. On February 13 at the 2019 D.I.C.E. Awards, Judge accepted the award for Outstanding Achievement in Character for his work as Kratos in God of War.

In 2019, Judge was nominated for the British Academy Games Award for Performer at the 15th British Academy Games Awards but he lost to his co-star Jeremy Davies. He was subsequently nominated for and won the Performer in a Leading Role at the 19th British Academy Games Awards in 2023.

In 2022, Judge won the award for Best Performance at Game Awards 2022 for his performance in God of War Ragnarök as Kratos.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Writing

References

External links

1964 births
Living people
African-American male actors
American expatriate male actors in Canada
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male video game actors
American male voice actors
Black Canadian male actors
Oregon Ducks football players
University of Oregon alumni
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people
Male actors from Los Angeles
The Game Awards winners
BAFTA winners (people)

Christopher Judge


El monarca colilargo canela (Terpsiphone cinnamomea) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Monarchidae propia del sur y este de Filipinas y las islas Talaud. Su hábitat natural son los bosques húmedos tropicales  de tierras bajas.

Referencias

 BirdLife International 2004. Terpsiphone cinnamomea.   2006 IUCN Lista Roja de Especies Amenazadas. Descargado el 26 de julio de 2007.

Enlaces externos

cinnamomea
Taxones descritos por Richard Bowdler Sharpe
Animales descritos en 1877
Aves de Filipinas
Aves de las islas Talaud

Terpsiphone cinnamomea


Richard Harmon (født 18. august 1991) er en canadisk skuespiller. Han er bedst kendt for sin rolle som John Murphy i tv-serien The 100. Hans søster, Jessica Harmon, medvirker også i The 100 som Niylah. Richard Harmon har også medvirket som Jasper Ames i The Killing og som Julian Randol i tv-serien Continuum.

Han støtter LGBT-rettigheder og ser sig selv som en pro-feminist.

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra Canada

Richard Harmon


Mouvement social (, RS) est un parti politique polonais de droite, fondé en 1997 et disparu en 2004. Il s'appelait jusqu'en 2002  "Mouvement social Alliance électorale Solidarité" (, RS AWS et fut actif dans les années 1997-2004.

Historique

Notes et références

Parti politique fondé en 1997
Parti politique disparu en 2004

Mouvement social (parti politique)


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Bory enthält die drei nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützten Objekte in der Gemeinde Bory im Okres Levice.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

!
Bory (Slowakei)

Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Bory (Slowakei)


Takva, 2005 yapımı Türk filmidir. Yönetmenliğini Özer Kızıltan'ın yaptığı filmin, senaryosu Önder Çakar'a aittir. Takva'nın yapımcı ve dağıtımcı firması Yeni Sinemacılar'dır. Filmin başrollerini Erkan Can, Meray Ülgen, Güven Kıraç, Erman Saban paylaşmaktadır. Türü dramdır.

Takva, piyasaya girdiğinden itibaren hem sinema çevrelerinde hem politik çevrelerde olumlu/olumsuz tepkiler almış ve tartışmalara neden olmuştur. Film, Kuran'daki İsra suresi 81. ayet ile başlamakta ve Nâzım Hikmet'in "Ya ölü yıldızlara götüreceğiz hayatı/ya da dünyamıza inecek ölüm" dizelerinin yer aldığı şiiriyle son bulmaktadır. Kelime anlamı olarak Allah sevgisi ve korkusu anlamlarını içeren takva, aynı zamanda Allah'ın buyruğuna girme, onun emirlerine uyup yasaklarından kaçmakta titizlik gösterme ve onun himayesinde olma anlamlarına gelmektedir ki, bu noktada filmin ismi ana karakterin yönelimini/çatışmasını yansıtır. Film, 80. Akademi Ödülleri'nde Türkiye'nin Yabancı Dilde En İyi Film dalında Oscar aday adayı olarak seçilmiş, ancak yarı finale seçilen 9 film arasına girememiştir.

Konusu
Muharrem, kendi hâlinde yaşamakta, babasından kalan evde tek başına yaşamını sürdürmekte, zamanının çoğunu bağlı olduğu dergâhta ibadetle geçirmektedir. Kendini Allah'ın buyruklarına adamıştır ve bu şekilde günah ve kötülükten sakındığını düşünür. Bağlandığı tarikatta, dünyadan elini eteğini çekmişliği ile dikkat çeken Muharrem, şeyh tarafından tarikatın/dergâhın dünya işlerini yürütmek için ihtiyaç duyduğu adam olarak seçilir. Muharrem böylece tarikatın mali işlerini üstlenir. Tarikata ve şeyhe duyduğu güven ve saygıyla, ayrıca Allah sevgisi-korkusu ile bu göreve itiraz edemeyen Muharrem, ne var ki bu yolla sakınmaya çalıştığı dünya ile daha yoğun bir temasa geçmek durumunda kalır. Rüyalarında para, içki ve kadın eksik olmaz. Her rüyasında aynı kadınla sevişir ve boşalarak uyanır. Dünyevi olan ile uhrevi olan arasındaki çatışmada giderek tükenen Muharrem hızla değişime uğramaya başlar, sakinliğini ve dürüstlüğünü kaybetmeye başlar, akıl gücünü yitirmeye engel olamaz.

Oyuncular
 Erkan Can - Muharrem
 Güven Kıraç - Rauf
 Meray Ülgen - Şeyh
 Öznur Kula - Hacer
 Settar Tanrıöğen - Ali Bey
 Engin Günaydın - Erol
 Erman Saban - Muhittin
 Murat Cemcir - Mahmut
 Settar Tanrıöğen - Ali Bey

Ödüller
 2007 - 57. Berlin Uluslararası Film Festivali, FIPRESCI Ödülü (Özer Kızıltan)
 2007 - 13. Saraybosna Film Festivali, Büyük Ödül (Takva)
 2007 - 14. Altın Koza Film Festivali, En İyi Yardımcı Erkek Oyuncu (Meray Ülgen)
 2007 - Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival, Grand Prize (Özer Kızıltan)
 2007 - Geneva Film Festival, Best Actor (Erkan Can)
 2007 - Nuremberg Film Festival "Turkey-Germany", Best Actor (Erkan Can)
 2007 - İstanbul Film Festivali, Ulusal Yarışma - En İyi Erkek Oyuncu (Erkan Can)
 2007 - Asia Pacific Screen Awards, Best Performance by an Actor (Erkan Can)
2006 - Toronto International Film Festival, Innovation Award (Özer Kızıltan)
2006 - 39. Sinema Yazarları Derneği Ödülleri, En İyi Erkek Oyuncu (Erkan Can)
2006 - 43. Altın Portakal Film Festivali

 Dr. Avni Tolunay Jüri Özel Ödülü (Takva)
 En İyi Senaryo (Önder Çakar)
 En İyi Erkek Oyuncu (Erkan Can)
 En İyi Görüntü Yönetmeni (Soykut Turan)
 En İyi Sanat Yönetmeni (Erol Taştan)
 En İyi Müzik (Gökçe Akçelik)
 En İyi Makyaj ve Saç (Nimet İnkaya)
 En İyi Kostüm Tasarımı (Ayten Şenyurt)
 En İyi laboratuvar (Sinefekt)

Kaynakça

Fragmanlar
 Filmin tanıtım fragmanı

Dış bağlantılar
 Filmin kendi anasayfası
 Film ile ilgili çekim haberleri
 Filmin konusu hakkında
 Takva

Almanya filmleri
2005 çıkışlı Türk filmleri
Din hakkında filmler
Altın Portakal En İyi Sanat Yönetmeni Ödülü kazanan filmler
Özer Kızıltan'ın yönettiği filmler
Türkiye-Almanya ortak yapımı filmler
2000'lerde Türkçe filmler
2005 çıkışlı dramatik filmler

Takva (film)