The German spring offensive, or  Kaiserschlacht ("Kaiser's Battle"), also known as the Ludendorff offensive, was a series of German attacks along the Western Front during the First World War, beginning on 21 March 1918. Following American entry into the war in April 1917, the Germans decided that their only remaining chance of victory was to defeat the Allies before the United States could ship soldiers across the Atlantic and fully deploy its resources. The German Army had gained a temporary advantage in numbers as nearly 50 divisions had been freed by the Russian defeat and withdrawal from the war with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

There were four German offensives, codenamed Michael, Georgette, Gneisenau, and Blücher-Yorck. Michael was the main attack, which was intended to break through the Allied lines, outflank the British forces (which held the front from the Somme River to the English Channel) and defeat the British Army. Once that was achieved, it was hoped that the French would seek armistice terms. The other offensives were subsidiary to Michael and were designed to divert Allied forces from the main offensive effort on the Somme. No clear objective was established before the start of the offensives and once the operations were underway, the targets of the attacks were constantly changed, depending on the tactical situation.

Once they began advancing, the Germans struggled to maintain the momentum, partly due to logistical issues. The fast-moving stormtrooper units could not carry enough food and ammunition to sustain themselves for long, and the army could not move in supplies and reinforcements fast enough to assist them. The Allies concentrated their main forces in the essential areas (the approaches to the Channel Ports and the rail junction of Amiens). Strategically worthless ground, which had been devastated by years of conflict, was left lightly defended. Within a few weeks, the danger of a German breakthrough had passed, though related fighting continued until July.

The German Army made the deepest advances either side had made on the Western Front since 1914. They re-took much ground that they had lost in 1916–17 and took some ground that they had not yet controlled. Despite these apparent successes, they suffered heavy casualties in return for land that was of little strategic value and hard to defend. The offensive failed to deliver a blow that could save Germany from defeat, which has led some historians to describe it as a pyrrhic victory. In July 1918, the Allies regained their numerical advantage with the arrival of American troops. In August, they used this and improved tactics to launch a counteroffensive. The ensuing Hundred Days Offensive resulted in the Germans losing all of the ground that they had taken in the Spring Offensive, the collapse of the Hindenburg Line, and the capitulation of Germany that November.

German preparations

Strategy

The German High Command—in particular General Erich Ludendorff, the Chief Quartermaster General at Oberste Heeresleitung, the supreme army headquarters—has been criticised by military historians for the failure to formulate sound and clear strategy. Ludendorff privately conceded that Germany could no longer win a war of attrition, yet he was not ready to give up the German gains in the west and east and was one of the main obstacles to the German government's attempts to reach a settlement with the Western Allies.

Although Ludendorff was unsure whether the Americans would enter the war in strength, at a meeting of the Chiefs of Staff of the German armies on the Western Front on 11 November 1917, he decided to launch an offensive. The German government and Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, nominally the Chief of the General Staff, were not party to the planning process. Eventually it was decided to launch Operation Michael near Saint-Quentin, at the hinge between the French and British armies, and strike north to Arras. The main reason for the choice was tactical expediency. The ground on this sector of the front would dry out much sooner after the winter and spring rains and would therefore be easier to advance across. It was also a line of least resistance as the British and French armies were weak in the sector.

The intention was not to reach the English Channel coast, but to break through the Allied lines and roll up the flank of the British army from the south, pushing it back toward the Channel ports or destroying it if the British chose to stand and fight. Further operations such as Operation Georgette and Operation Mars were designed to strike further north to seize the remaining Allied ports in Belgium and France while diverting Allied forces from Michael. However, these remained only secondary and weaker operations, subordinate to Michael.

The constant changing of operational targets once the offensive was underway gave the impression the German command had no coherent strategic goal. Any capture of an important strategic objective, such as the Channel ports, or the vital railway junction of Amiens, would have occurred more by chance than by design.

Changes in tactics
The German army had concentrated many of its best troops into stormtrooper units, trained in infiltration tactics to infiltrate and bypass enemy front line units, leaving these strong points to be "mopped-up" by follow-up troops. The stormtrooper tactic was to attack and disrupt enemy headquarters, artillery units and supply depots in the rear areas, as well as to occupy territory rapidly. Each major formation "creamed off" its best and fittest soldiers into storm units; several complete divisions were formed from these elite units. This process gave the German army an initial advantage in the attack, but meant that the best formations would suffer disproportionately heavy casualties, while the quality of the remaining formations declined as they were stripped of their best personnel to provide the stormtroops. The Germans also failed to arm their forces with a mobile exploitation force, such as cavalry, to exploit gains quickly. This tactical error meant the infantry had to keep up an exhausting tempo of advance. Notwithstanding the effectiveness of the stormtroopers, the following German infantry often made attacks in large traditional waves and suffered heavy casualties.

To enable the initial breakthrough, Lieutenant Colonel Georg Bruchmüller, a German artillery officer, developed the , (literally: rolling fire, rolling barrage) an effective and economical creeping barrage scheme. There were three phases: first, a brief bombardment on the enemy's command and communications (headquarters, telephone exchanges, etc.); then, destruction of their artillery; lastly an attack upon the enemy front-line infantry defences. Bombardment would always be brief so as to retain surprise. Bruchmüller's tactics were made possible by the vast numbers of heavy guns—with correspondingly plentiful amounts of ammunition for them—which Germany possessed by 1918.

Allied preparations

Defensive tactics
In their turn, the Allies had developed defences in depth, reducing the proportion of troops in their front line and pulling reserves and supply dumps back beyond German artillery range. This change had been made after experience of the successful German use of defence in depth during 1917.

In theory, the front line was an "outpost zone" (later renamed the "forward zone"), lightly held by snipers, patrols and machine-gun posts only. Behind, out of range of German field artillery, was the "battle zone" where the offensive was to be firmly resisted, and behind that again, out of range of all but the heaviest German guns, was a "rear zone" where reserves were held ready to counter-attack or seal off penetrations. In theory, a British infantry division (with nine infantry battalions) deployed three battalions in the outpost zone, four battalions in the battle zone and two battalions in the rear zone.

This change had not been completely implemented by the Allies. In particular, in the sector held by the British Fifth Army, which they had recently taken over from French units, the defences were incomplete and there were too few troops to hold the complete position in depth. The rear zone existed as outline markings only, and the battle zone consisted of battalion "redoubts" which were not mutually supporting (allowing stormtroopers to penetrate between them).

Operation Michael

On 21 March 1918, the Germans launched a big offensive against the British Fifth Army and the right wing of the British Third Army.

The German armies involved were—from north to south—the Seventeenth Army under Otto von Below, the Second Army under Georg von der Marwitz and the Eighteenth Army under Oskar von Hutier, with a Corps (Gruppe Gayl) from the Seventh Army supporting Hutier's attack. Although the British had learned the approximate time and location of the offensive, the weight of the attack and of the preliminary bombardment was an unpleasant surprise. The Germans were also fortunate in that the morning of the attack was foggy, allowing the stormtroopers leading the attack to penetrate deep into the British positions undetected.

By the end of the first day, the British had lost 7,512 dead and 10,000 wounded and the Germans had broken through at several points on the front of the British Fifth Army. After two days the Fifth Army was in full retreat. As they fell back, many of the isolated "redoubts" were left to be surrounded and overwhelmed by the following German infantry. The right wing of Third Army became separated from the retreating Fifth Army, and also retreated to avoid being outflanked.

Ludendorff failed to follow the correct stormtrooper tactics, as described above. His lack of a coherent strategy to accompany the new tactics was expressed in a remark to Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria—commander of one of his Army Groups—in which he stated, "We chop a hole. The rest follows." Ludendorff's dilemma was that the most important parts of the Allied line were also the most strongly held. Much of the German advance was achieved where it was not strategically significant. Because of this, Ludendorff continually exhausted his forces by attacking strongly entrenched British units. At Arras on 28 March, he launched a hastily prepared attack (Operation Mars) against the left wing of the British Third Army, to try to widen the breach in the Allied lines. In this sector, the British defences in depth were complete and fully manned, some of the opening German bombardment hit only empty positions and there was no fog to give cover to the attacking stormtroopers. After a day, the Germans had achieved only minor gains and had suffered heavy casualties. Operation Mars was immediately cancelled.

The German breakthrough had occurred just to the north of the boundary between the French and British armies. The French commander-in-chief, General Pétain, sent reinforcements to the sector too slowly in the opinion of the British commander-in-chief, Field Marshal Haig, and the British government, though the historian Elizabeth Greenhalgh disputes this, arguing that Petain sent the six additional divisions quicker than had been arranged with Haig – in 2 days instead of 4 – and arranging for extra divisions several times – 12 divisions on 23 March and 13 on the 25/26 March – before requests came in from Haig. The Allies reacted by appointing the French General Ferdinand Foch to coordinate all Allied activity in France, and subsequently as commander-in-chief of all Allied forces everywhere.

The success of Operation Michael led German infantry to advance too far from its supply bases and railheads. The stormtrooper units leading the advance carried supplies for only a few days, to avoid being overburdened, and relied on supplies delivered quickly from the rear. The advance was slowed by supply shortages, which gave Allied commanders more time to reinforce the threatened areas and to slow the advance still more. German supply difficulties were made worse by the direction of advance, which crossed the wasteland created during the Battle of the Somme in 1916 and by Operation Alberich, the German retirement to the Hindenburg Line from February to March 1917.

After a few days, the German advance began to falter, as the infantry became exhausted and it became increasingly difficult to move artillery and supplies forward to support them. Fresh British and Australian units were moved to the vital rail centre of Amiens and the defence began to stiffen. After fruitless attempts to capture Amiens, Ludendorff called off Operation Michael on 5 April. By the standards of the time, there had been a substantial advance. It was, however, of little value; a Pyrrhic victory in terms of the casualties suffered by the crack troops, as the vital positions of Amiens and Arras remained in Allied hands. The newly-won territory would later be difficult to defend against Allied counter-attacks.

The Allies lost nearly 255,000 men (British, British Empire and French). They also lost 1,300 artillery pieces and 200 tanks. All of this could be replaced, either from French and British factories or from American manpower. German troop losses were 239,000 men, many of them specialist shocktroops (Stoßtruppen) who were irreplaceable. In terms of morale, the initial German jubilation at the successful opening of the offensive soon turned to disappointment, as it became clear that the attack had not achieved decisive results.

Georgette

Michael had drawn British forces to defend Amiens, leaving the rail route through Hazebrouck and the approaches to the Channel ports of Calais, Boulogne and Dunkirk vulnerable. German success here could choke the British into defeat.

The attack started on 9 April after a Feuerwalze. The main attack was made on the open and flat sector defended by the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps. After an entire year spent in the trenches, the Portuguese were tired and had suffered heavy losses. They were being replaced in the front line by fresh British divisions, an operation that was planned to be completed on 9 April, the same day as the Germans attacked the sector. The process of relief in place was poorly organized by the British First Army's command, and the Portuguese 1st Division had been withdrawn to the rear on 6 April, leaving the Portuguese 2nd Division to defend the entire sector alone. They were left with an extensive  front, without natural obstacles which might benefit the defence.

Hit hard by the Feuerwalze bombardment and under the assault of eight German divisions, the Portuguese 2nd Division made a desperate defence, trying to hold their positions, which, however, were rapidly enveloped and overrun by the masses of German forces. The 2nd Division was virtually annihilated, losing more than 7,000 men. The British 40th Division, on the northern flank of the Portuguese, also rapidly collapsed before the attack, opening a gap that further facilitated the envelopment of the Portuguese by the Germans. However, under much less pressure from the Germans and occupying good defensive positions protected by the La Bassée Canal, the British 55th Division on the southern flank of the Portuguese were able to hold much of their position throughout the battle.

The next day, the Germans widened their attack to the north, forcing the defenders of Armentières to withdraw before they were surrounded, and capturing most of the Messines Ridge. By the end of the day, the few British divisions in reserve were hard-pressed to hold a line along the River Lys.

Without French reinforcements, it was feared that the Germans could advance the remaining  to the ports within a week. The commander of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, issued an "Order of the Day" on 11 April stating, "With our backs to the wall and believing in the justice of our cause, each one of us must fight on to the end."

However, the German offensive had stalled because of logistical problems and exposed flanks. Counterattacks by British, French and Anzac forces slowed and stopped the German advance. Ludendorff ended Georgette on 29 April.

As with Michael, losses were roughly equal, approximately 110,000 men wounded or killed, each. Again, the strategic results were disappointing for the Germans. Hazebrouck remained in Allied hands and the Germans occupied a vulnerable salient under fire from three sides. The British abandoned the comparatively worthless territory they had captured at vast cost the previous year around Ypres, freeing several divisions to face the German attackers.

Blücher–Yorck

While Georgette ground to a halt, a new attack on French positions was planned to draw forces further away from the Channel and allow renewed German progress in the north. The strategic objective remained to split the British and the French and gain victory before American forces could make their presence felt on the battlefield. The Americans were originally deployed in the quiet Saint-Mihiel sector in Lorraine where they had their first significant engagement in the defence of Seicheprey on 20 April. After the British had held off the Michael advance on the Somme, the US 1st Division was moved to reinforce the line in that sector in mid-April and launched their first attack of the war on Cantigny on 28 May 1918.

The German attack took place on 27 May, between Soissons and Reims. The sector was partly held by four depleted British divisions which were "resting" after their exertions earlier in the year. In this sector, the defences had not been developed in depth, mainly due to the obstinacy of the commander of the French Sixth Army, General Denis Auguste Duchêne. As a result, the Feuerwalze was very effective and the Allied front, with a few notable exceptions, collapsed. Duchêne's massing of his troops in the forward trenches also meant there were no local reserves to delay the Germans once the front had broken. Despite French and British resistance on the flanks, German troops advanced to the Marne River and Paris seemed a realistic objective. There was a frenzied atmosphere in Paris, which German long-range guns had been shelling since 21 March, with many citizens fleeing and the government drawing up plans to evacuate to Bordeaux.

Yet again, losses were much the same on each side:  and  casualties up to 6 June. German losses were again mainly from the difficult-to-replace assault divisions.

Gneisenau
Although Ludendorff had intended  to be a prelude to a decisive offensive () to defeat the British forces further north, he made the error of reinforcing merely tactical success by moving reserves from Flanders to the Aisne, whereas Foch and Haig did not overcommit reserves to the Aisne. Ludendorff sought to extend  westward with Operation Gneisenau, intending to draw yet more Allied reserves south, widen the German salient and link with the German salient at Amiens.

The French had been warned of this attack (the Battle of Matz ()) by information from German prisoners, and their defence in depth reduced the impact of the artillery bombardment on 9 June. Nonetheless, the German advance (consisting of 21 divisions attacking over a  front) along the Matz River was impressive, resulting in an advance of  despite fierce French and American resistance. At Compiègne, a sudden French counter-attack on 11 June, by four divisions and 150 tanks (under General Charles Mangin) with no preliminary bombardment, caught the Germans by surprise and halted their advance. Gneisenau was called off the following day.

Losses were approximately 35,000 Allied and 30,000 German.

Last German attack (Marneschutz-Reims/Friedensturm)

Ludendorff now postponed  and launched the German Seventh, First and Third Armies in the  (Peace Offensive) of 15 July, a renewed attempt to draw Allied reserves south from Flanders and to expand the salient created by  eastwards. An attack east of Rheims was thwarted by the French defence in depth. In many sectors, the Germans, deprived of any surprise as their fuel-starved air force had lost air superiority to the Allies, advanced no further than the French Forward Zone, and nowhere did they break the French Battle (Second) Zone.

Although German troops southwest of Rheims succeeded in crossing the River Marne, the French launched a major offensive of their own on the west side of the salient on 18 July, threatening to cut off the Germans in the salient. Ludendorff had to evacuate most of the  salient by 7 August and  was finally cancelled. The initiative had clearly passed to the Allies, who were shortly to begin the Hundred Days Offensive which ended the war.

Aftermath

Analysis
The Kaiserschlacht offensives had yielded large territorial gains for the Germans, in First World War terms. However, victory was not achieved and the German armies were severely depleted, exhausted and in exposed positions. The territorial gains were in the form of salients which greatly increased the length of the line that would have to be defended when Allied reinforcements gave the Allies the initiative. In six months, the strength of the German army had fallen from 5.1 million fighting men to 4.2 million. By July, the German superiority of numbers on the Western Front had sunk to 207 divisions to 203 Allied, a negligible lead which would be reversed as more American troops arrived. German manpower was exhausted. The German High Command predicted they would need 200,000 men per month to make good the losses suffered. Returning convalescents could supply 70,000–80,000/month but there were only 300,000 recruits available from the next annual class of eighteen-year-olds. Even worse, they lost most of their best-trained men: stormtrooper tactics had them leading the attacks. Even so, about a million German soldiers remained tied up in the east until the end of the war.

The Allies had been badly hurt but not broken. The lack of a unified high command was partly rectified by the appointment of General Foch to the supreme command, and coordination would improve in later Allied operations. American troops were for the first time also used as independent formations.

Ironically, the offensive's initial success may have hastened Germany's defeat by undermining morale. German leadership had hitherto told their soldiers that food and other supply shortages were comparable on both sides. By breaking into Allied lines, the German soldiers realized that the Allies were in fact much better fed and supplied than they were, and thus that their leaders had been lying to them.

See also

 Journey's End, a play set during the early stages of the offensive
 Spring Offensive, a poem by Wilfred Owen

Notes

Footnotes

References
Books

 Brown, Ian.(1998) British Logistics on the Western Front: 1914–1919. Praeger Publishers, 1998.

 Gray, Randal (1991) Kaiserschlacht, 1918: The Final German Offensive, Osprey Campaign Series 11, London: Osprey,
 Hart, Peter (2008). 1918: A Very British Victory, Phoenix Books, London.

 Gerhard Hirschfeld, Gerd Krumeich and Irina Renz (2018). 1918. Die Deutschen zwischen Weltkrieg und Revolution, Chr. Links Verlag, Berlin 2018, . (in German)
 Kitchen, Martin. The German Offensive of 1918 (2001)
 Marix Evans, Martin (2002) 1918: The Year of Victories, Arcturus Military History Series, London: Arcturus,
 Middlebrook, Martin. The Kaiser's Battle: 21 March 1918: The First Day of the German Spring Offensive. Penguin. 1983.
 Zabecki, David T. (2006) The German 1918 Offensives. A Case Study in the Operational Level of War, London: Routledge,

Journals
 Astore, William J. "The Tragic Pursuit of Total Victory." MHQ: Quarterly Journal of Military History (Autumn 2007) 20#1 pp 64-73.

 Phifer, Mike. "The Kaiser's blitz: The Germans launched a massive spring offensive in 1918 spearheaded by elite storm-troop units in a desperate Did to break the stalemate and win the war." Military Heritage (Fall 2020) 22#3 pp 54-63.
 Terraine, John. "The March Offensive, 1918." History Today (Apr 1968) 18#4 pp 234-24.
 Kaulisch, Baldur. "Strategie Der Niederlage. Betrachtungen Zur Deutschen Frühjahrsoffensive 1918." ['Strategy of defeat. Observations on the German spring offensive, 1918'] Zeitschrift für Militärgeschichte (1968) 7#6 pp 661-675, in German.

Further reading

  Edmonds, James Edward, History of the Great War, France and Belgium, 1918; The German March Offensive and its Preliminaries, Vol VII, London: MacMillan, 1935

External links

 Watson, Alexander: German Spring Offensives 1918 , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.

Conflicts in 1918
Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
Battles of World War I involving the United States
Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
Battles of World War I involving France
Battles of World War I involving Australia
Battles of World War I involving New Zealand
Battles of World War I involving Germany
Battles of World War I involving Portugal
1918 in France
United States Marine Corps in World War I
Battles of World War I involving Italy

German spring offensive


Kings Point ist der Name folgender Orte:

in den Vereinigten Staaten:
 Kings Point (Missouri)
 Kings Point (Montana)
 Kings Point (New York)
 Kings Point (Tennessee)

in Kanada:
 King's Point, Neufundland und Labrador

Kings Point steht für:
 Kings Point (Film), einen US-amerikanischen Dokumentarfilm aus dem Jahr 2012

Kings Point


Kushtagi es una ciudad de la India en el distrito de Koppal, estado de Karnataka.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 646  a 412 km de la capital estatal, Bangalore, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2011 contaba con una población de 28 452 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth.

Localidades de Karnataka

Kushtagi


Paolo Heusch (* 26. Februar 1924 in Rom; † 16. Oktober 1982 ebenda) war ein italienischer Filmregisseur.

Leben
Heusch begann unmittelbar nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg für die Filmproduktion zu arbeiten; zunächst als Schnittsekretär, dann als Regieassistent und Kurzfilmregisseur. Sein Langfilmdebüt stellt der erste italienische Science-Fiction-Film La morte viene dallo spazio (aus dem Jahr 1958) dar, dem einige interessante, aber auch etliche uninspirierte Werke folgten. So verfilmte er nach einem Drehbuch von Fausto Tozzi Un uomo facile, drehte einen Horrorfilm nach Vorbild der Hammer-Filme (unter dem Pseudonym Richard Benson) und inszenierte 1962 nach einem Roman Pier Paolo Pasolinis Una vita violenta. Dreimal arbeitete er mit Totò zusammen. Nach 1970 war er in verschiedenen Funktionen für Verleih, Casting und Vertrieb tätig.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1958: La morte viene dallo spazio
 1959: Welker Lorbeer (Un uomo facile)
 1961: Bei Vollmond Mord (Lycanthropus)
 1965: Raffica – Tiger der Wüste (Un raffica di piombo)
 1966: Frauen als Köder für CD 7 (Un colpo da mille miliardi)
 1968: Stoßtrupp ins Jenseits (El "Che" Guevara)

Weblinks

 Heusch bei mymovies (italienisch)

Einzelnachweise

Filmregisseur
Drehbuchautor
Darstellender Künstler (Rom)
Italiener
Geboren 1924
Gestorben 1982
Mann

Paolo Heusch


Slavonska nogometna zona je bila jedna od 4 zone Hrvatske lige, koja je zajedno s ligama iz ostalih republika predstavljala 4. rang u nogometnom prvenstvu SFRJ. Od sezone 1971./72. bila je podjeljena u dvije skupine: Podravsku i Posavsku. Prvaci ovih grupa bi igrali meč za prvaka Slavonije, odnosno pobjednik bi se kvalificirao u Hrvatsku republičku ligu – Sjever. Iz lige klubovi bi bili relegirani u prvenstva općinskih nogometnih podsaveza.

Utakmice za prvaka Slavonije i ulazak u Republičku ligu
Prvaka Slavonije je odlučivao dvomeč prvaka Podravske i Posavske skupine Slavonske nogometne zone: NK Valpovke Valpovo i FK Premium Bosanski Brod

Prvak Slavonije je postao FK Premium Bosanski Brod, ali su zbog reorganizacije natjecanja oba kluba postala novi članovi Hrvatske republičke lige – Sjever.

Unutarnje poveznice
 Hrvatska liga 1974./75.
 Slavonska zona – Posavska skupina 1974./75.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori
 Dragutin Kerže: "Olimpija, simbol Donjega grada 1923. – 2003.", Nogometni klub Olimpija, Osijek, 2003.,

1974-75
1974-75
Slavonija

Slavonska nogometna zona Podravska skupina 1974./75.


هذه المقالة عن نسخ الخط، أما عن خط النسخ العربي فانظر خط النسخ. لتوضيح أكثر انظر توضيح النسخ

النسخ في اللغة هو للألفاظ بمنزلة النقل (الترجمة) للمعاني، فالنقل هو ترجمة المعاني بلغة أخرى، والنسخ هو نقل الألفاظ إلى لغة أخرى.

النسخ اللفظي هو نسخ اللفظ ورسمه بخط آخر، أي نقل الملفوظ في اللغة بأقرب لفظ إليه في اللغة أخرى. حينها يقال «نسخت الكلمة من الكلمة».

النسخ الحرفي هو نسخ الحروف ورسمها بنظام كتابة آخر، أي إيقاع تقابل بين لغتين ومبادلة كل حرف بحرف وحرف واحد كلما أمكن. فهو محاولة للتوسط بين المنطوق والمكتوب. عندها يقال «نسخت الكلمة عن الكلمة».

وجه التسمية
في اللغة الرومية، يسمى النسخ (اللفظي)  والنسخ الحرفي . الكلمات مترادفتان في السياق التاريخي وتكاد تكونان مترادفتين في الاصطلاح العام وفي أكثر اللغات، ويبقى التفريق بينهما في السياق اللغوي.

انظر أيضا
 نسخ حرفي
 نسخ لفظي
 نسخ كتابي
 نسخ صوتي
 نسخ معكوس
 نقل (لغة)
 معرب (لغة)
 اقتراض لغوي
 تنوع مطلق

مراجع

نسخ لغوي


බෙල් ලැබ්ස් (Bell Labs) හි කෙන් තොම්සන්, ඩෙනිස් රිචී හා ඩග්ලස් මෙල්රෝයි විසින් යුනික්ස් (unix) මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධති ගොඩනැගීම සඳහා  C ක්‍රමලේඛන භාෂාව සැලසුම්කර සංවර්ධනය කරන ලදී. බෙල් ලැබ්ස් (Bell Labs) හි ක්‍රමලේඛකයන් තවදුරටත් ඉදිරියට යමින් බෙල් විද්‍යාගාරයේදී "Plan 9" සහ Inferno සැලසුම් කළ අතර එය නවීනතම  ව්‍යාප්ත වූ පරිසරය වෙත වර්ධනය කරන ලදී.  යුනික්ස් මෙන් නොව ප්ලෑන් 9 මුල සිටම මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතියක් ලෙස චිත්‍රක අන්තර්ගත කර නිර්මාණය වු අතර යුනික්ස් වලට එම ලක්ෂණ ඇතුළත් කරනු ලැබුයේ පසු කාලීනවය.  Plan 9 තවමත් යුනික්ස් ව්‍යුත්පන්න තරම් ජනප්‍රිය වී නොමැති නමුත් එයට දිනෙන් දින පුළුල්වන සංවර්ධකයින්ගේ සමාජයක් හිමිය. එය "Lucent Public License" යටතේ වර්තමානයේ මුදාහරිනු  ලබයි. Inferno, "Vita Nuova Holding" ආයතනයට විකුණනු ලැබූ අතර අද එය GPL / MIT License, යටතේ නිකුත් කරනු ලැබේ.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systems#Plan_9

මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධති - ප්ලෑන් 9


L'Oreillard de Taïwan (Plecotus taivanus) est une espèce de chauves-souris de la famille des Vespertilionidae.

Répartition
Cette espèce est endémique de Taïwan.

Taxinomie
L'espèce est décrite en 1991 par le mammalogiste japonais  (1932-).

Publication originale

Liens externes

Notes et références

Vespertilionidae
Faune endémique de Taïwan

Plecotus taivanus


Carlos Benavides Escardó es un dirigente deportivo y exfutbolista peruano y se desempeñó como arquero. Ocupó diversos cargos gerenciales en el club Sporting Cristal entre el 2004 al 2008 y el 2011 y el 2019 así como la presidencia de esa institución entre enero y marzo de 2019. Desde febrero del 2022 ocupa el cargo de presidente del Club Celaya de México.

Trayectoria

Se formó en el Cantolao, los años 1999 y 2000 fue promocionado tercer arquero del Sporting Cristal, el año 2001 fue cedido al Unión Minas.

Regresó al cuadro bajopontino al año siguiente donde consiguió el Campeonato Descentralizado 2002 como segundo arquero, el 2003 se retira para dedicarse al fútbol de manera dirigencial.

Integró la Selección de fútbol del Perú sub-20 que participó en el Campeonato Sudamericano Sub-20 de 1999, jugó todos los partidos como titular, siendo el capitán del equipo.

Como dirigente, estuvo ligado casi exclusivamente al club Sporting Cristal. Tras un primer paso entre los años 2007 y 2008 como gerente deportivo, el año 2011 regresó a la institución para ocupar el cargo de gerente general bajo la presidencia de Felipe Cantuarias manteniéndose en ese cargo hasta enero del 2019 obteniendo los títulos nacionales de las temporadas 2012, 2014, 2016 y 2018. En enero del 2019 fue nombrado presidente del club Sporting Cristal a la vez que mantuvo su puesto de Gerente General. En marzo de ese año renunció a ambos cargos. En el mes de julio del 2020, el Club Bolívar de La Paz anunció que Benavides ocuparía el cargo de gerente general de esa institución.

Ese mismo año publicó el libro "El Poder de la Transformación" escrito conjuntamente con Pablo Vega Buccicardi, en el que narran las decisiones de gestión estratégica aplicadas durante su gestión como gerente general del Sporting Cristal.

En julio de 2020 fue nombrado COO de Claure Fútbol Group y Gerente General del Club Bolívar de La Paz, Bolivia hasta que anunció su alejamiento en mayo del 2021. En junio de 2021 fue nombrado Director General del Club Celaya de México. En febrero de 2021 fue nombrado presidente de ese club.

Clubes

Palmarés

Campeonatos nacionales

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Ficha del futbolista en futbolperuano.com

Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Sport Agustino
Futbolistas del Club Sporting Cristal en los años 1990
Futbolistas del Club Sporting Cristal en los años 2000
Futbolistas del Club Unión Minas
Guardametas de fútbol
Presidentes del Club Sporting Cristal

Carlos Benavides Escardó


Eimear Nicholls (* 21. Mai 1982 in Portstewart als Eimear Mullan) ist eine ehemalige Duathletin, Triathletin und Ironman-Siegerin (2012, 2014) aus dem Vereinigten Königreich. Sie wird geführt in der Bestenliste britischer Triathletinnen auf der Ironman-Distanz.

Werdegang
Eimer Mullan war für Irland als auch Großbritannien im Tetrathlon (Schwimmen, Laufen, Schießen und Reiten) am Start. Sie betreibt Triathlon seit 2007.

Profi-Triathletin seit 2011
Seit 2008 startete Mullan für Irland im Duathlon, belegte 2010 bei der Weltmeisterschaft den elften Rang und seit 2011 ist sie als Profi-Triathletin aktiv.
Im Juni 2012 gewann sie in Großbritannien auf der halben Ironman-Distanz (Ironman 70.3) und im Juli konnte sie in Bolton auch die volle Ironman-Distanz für sich entscheiden. Seit 2013 wurde sie trainiert von Bella Bayliss und Brett Sutton und sie startete für das Team TBB.

Im August 2014 erreichte sie beim Embrunman nach der Bronzemedaille im Vorjahr den ersten Rang. Dieses Rennen in den französischen Alpen gilt mit seinem bergigen Streckenverlauf als eines der weltweit härtesten Langdistanzrennen. Ende September holte sie sich auf Mallorca ihren zweiten Ironman-Sieg.

Im Oktober konnte sie als erste irische Athletin in Barcelona nach 8:56:51 h die 9-Stunden-Marke auf der Ironman-Distanz unterbieten (3,86 km Schwimmen, 180,2 km Radfahren und 42,195 km Laufen).

2015 und 2016 kämpfte sie mit Verletzungen. Seit März 2016 ist Eimer Nicholls mit dem britischen Triathleten Ritchie Nicholls (* 1987) verheiratet und die beiden leben in Portstewart.

Im November 2017 holte sich die damals 35-Jährige mit ihrem Sieg beim Ironman 70.3 Xiamen ihren sechsten Sieg in einem Ironman-70.3-Rennen.
Seit 2017 tritt Eimear Nicholls nicht mehr international in Erscheinung.

Sportliche Erfolge
Triathlon Kurz- und Mitteldistanz
Triathlon Langdistanz
Duathlon
(DNF – Did not finish)

Weblinks

 Offizielle Homepage von Eimear Mullan

Einzelnachweise

Triathlet (Irland)
Ire
Geboren 1982
Frau

Eimear Nicholls


La pintura Morada en las montañas Fuchun (富春山居圖) es la obra más destacada y una de las pocas que han sobrevivido hasta la actualidad del pintor chino Huang Gongwang (1269–1354). La misma fue pintada entre 1348 y 1350. La pintura de un paisaje chino fue dividida en dos pedazos en 1650. Mientras que uno de los trozos se encuentra en la actualidad en el Museo Provincial de Zhejiang en Hangzhou, el otro trozo se encuentra en el Museo Nacional del Palacio en Taipéi. La totalidad de la pintura tendría una longitud de 691,3 cm.

Huang Gongwang y las montañas Fuchun

La Morada en las montañas Fuchun es considerada una de las grandes obras que sobrevivieron de las aclamadas pinturas chinas de Huang Gongwang (1269–1354). Huang comenzó estudios serios de pintura China a la edad de 50 años. En 1347, se mudó a las montañas Fuchun (en el sudoeste de Hangzhou), cerca de la rivera norte del río Qiantang), donde vivió los últimos años de su vida. En este paisaje realizó numerosas obras de arte, entre ellas la Morada en las montañas Fuchun.

Historia

Comienzos

Huang Gongwang comenzó a trabajar en la Morada en las montañas Fuchun en 1348 y le llevó tres años completarla.  Le regaló la pintura a un monje taoísta en 1350. Un siglo después, de alguna manera la pintura fue adquirida por Shen Zhou un pintor de la dinastía Ming (1427–1509). Durante el reinado del emperador Chenghua (1465–1487), Shen Zhou envió la pintura a un calígrafo anónimo para ser inscripta (esto último resulta curioso ya que Shen Zhou era un excelente calígrafo). Sin embargo, el hijo de este calígrafo se apoderó de la pintura, que luego de algunos cambios de dueño, apareció en el mercado a un precio elevado. Incapaz de afrontar el precio Shen Zhou no pudo hacer otra cosa que realizar una copia de la obra. Esta imitación por Shen Zhou se ha convertido en la más conocida y aclamada de todas las copias.

Poco tiempo después de que Shen Zhou hizo la copia, se la dio a un burocrata amigo de nombre Fan Shunju (樊舜举). Fan Shunju comenzó a buscar la copia auténtica. Cuando la encontró, la compró a un alto precio, e invitó a Shen Zhou a inscribir en ella. Shen Zhou anotó al final de ella el relato sobre como se perdió y encontró la pintura.

En los siglos siguientes, se sabe que la misma tuvo muchos dueños, incluyendo a Tan Zhiyi (谈志伊), Dong Qichang (董其昌) y Wu Zhengzhi (吴正志). Cuando Wu Zhengzhi murió, le pasó la pintura a su tercer hijo Wu Hongyu (吴洪裕), que amaba tanto la pintura que cuando se refugió, y dejó todas sus pertenencias solo llevó consigo la pintura y una copia del poema Clásico de los Mil Caracteres por el Maestro Zhiyong (智永法师). De hecho, estaba tan loco por estas pinturas que las quiso quemar poco antes de morir para llevárselas a la otra vida.

Una dividida en dos

Afortunadamente, el sobrino de Wu Hongyu's, Wu Jing'an rescató la pintura, que estaba en llamas y dividida en dos. La pieza más chica, midiendo un poco más de medio metro, fue luego conocida como La montaña restante (剩山圖). Luego de pasar por numerosas manos de coleccionistas, hacia 1940 quedó en posesión de Wu Hufan (吴湖帆), pintor y coleccionista. Y finalmente en 1956 fue obtenida por el Museo Provincial de Zhejiang en Hangzhou.

El trozo de mayores dimensiones tuvo una saga sin duda más dramática, este trozo se lo conoce con el nombre de El rollo del maestro Wuyong (無用師卷). Pasó por las manos de muchos burócratas de alta jerarquía, incluyendo Gao Shiqi (高士奇) y Wang Hongxu (王鸿绪), luego de arribar al Palacio Imperial. Irónicamente el emperador Qianlong, que se enorgullecía de ser un conocedor de arte, juzgó que la reciente adquisición era una falsificación e insistió en que la copia que el ya tenía era el original. Este error fue solo corregido en 1816, durante el reinado del emperador Jiaqing. La pieza más larga fue llevada a Taiwán durante los años 1950s y en la actualidad se exhibe en el Museo Nacional del Palacio en Taipéi.

Juntas luego de tres siglos y medio
En el 2011, la pieza más corta fue prestada al Museo Nacional del Palacio de Taipéi donde, en junio y julio, las dos piezas fueron reunidas por primera vez, desde su separación hace más de tres siglos y medio.

Enlaces externos
 "Morada en las montañas Fuchun" por Huang Gongwang y Shen Zhou en el China Online Museum
 Record of Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains at the Zhejiang Provincial Museum website (in Simplified Chinese)

Cuadros del siglo XIV
Cultura de China
Pintura de China del siglo XIV

Morada en las montañas Fuchun


Faulenberg ist ein Gemeindeteil der Stadt Schillingsfürst im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geographie
Das Pfarrdorf liegt etwa drei Kilometer nordwestlich der Mitte der Kleinstadt auf einer Hochfläche der Frankenhöhe kurz vor deren Westabfall, über dem oberen Taleinschnitt des Faulenberggrabens im Süden, der von rechts in den rechten Tauber-Zufluss Wohnbach mündet. Die Kreisstraße AN 7 führt nach Diebach (3,2 km westlich) bzw. nach Neuweiler (1 km östlich). Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Rödersdorf (2,7 km nördlich).

Geschichte
Im 16-Punkte-Bericht des brandenburg-ansbachischen Oberamts Colmberg aus dem Jahr 1608 wurden für Faulenberg 13 Mannschaften verzeichnet. Grundherren waren das Klosterverwalteramt Sulz (2 Anwesen), das Stiftsamt Ansbach (1 Anwesen), die Reichsstadt Rothenburg (7 Anwesen) und das hohenlohische Amt Schillingsfürst (3 Anwesen). Das Hochgericht übte das Vogtamt Colmberg aus. Im 16-Punkte-Bericht des Oberamts Colmberg aus dem Jahr 1681 sind für Faulenberg die Zahl der Mannschaften und die grundherrschaftlichen Verhältnisse unverändert. Durch Vertrag wurde das Hochgericht 1710 an Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst abgetreten.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jahrhundert) wurde Faulenberg dem Steuerdistrikt Bellershausen zugeordnet. Wenig später wurde die Ruralgemeinde Faulenberg gebildet, zu der Neuweiler, Obermühle und Wohnbach gehörten. Sie war in Verwaltung und Gerichtsbarkeit dem Herrschaftsgericht Schillingsfürst zugeordnet (ab 1840 Landgericht Schillingsfürst). Die Gemeinde hatte eine Gebietsfläche von 7,493 km². Im Zuge der Gebietsreform wurde diese am 1. Januar 1977 nach Schillingsfürst eingemeindet.

Baudenkmäler
 Evangelisch-Lutherische Tochterkirche St. Sixtus, Chorturmkirche, Umfassungsmauern wohl um 1245, Umbauten 14./15. Jahrhundert; mit Ausstattung; Friedhof, im Kern mittelalterliche Umfassungsmauer, mit Grabsteinen.
 Haus Nr. 17: Gasthaus zum grünen Baum, zweigeschossiger Bau, Putzgliederungen, 1834.

Bodendenkmäler
In der Gemarkung Faulenberg gibt es neun Bodendenkmäler, darunter zwei mittelalterliche Burgställe. Ein Burgstall befindet sich unmittelbar südlich des Ortes zwischen zwei Bachtälern in der Flur Roter Berg (Burgstall Faulenberg), ein weiterer liegt im Nordteil der Gemarkung auf dem Teufelsstein in 504 Metern Höhe (Burgstall Teufelsstein).

Einwohnerentwicklung
Gemeinde Faulenberg

Ort Faulenberg

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Bartholomäus (Diebach) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession sind nach St. Laurentius (Bellershausen) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Ortsteil von Schillingsfürst
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Ansbach)
Gemeindeauflösung 1976
Kirchdorf (Siedlungstyp)

Faulenberg


Lech Poznań  er pólskt knattspyrnufélag með aðsetur í Poznań. Það spilar í pólsku úrvalsdeildinni Ekstraklasa.

Titlar

 Pólska úrvalsdeildin (8): 1982/83, 1983/84, 1989/90, 1991/92, 1992/93, 2009/10, 2014/15, 2021/22.

 Pólska bikarkeppnin (5): 1981/82, 1983/84, 1987/88, 2003/04, 2008/09.

 Pólski deildarbikarinn (6): 1990, 1992, 2004, 2009, 2015, 2016.

Þekktir leikmenn
  Robert Lewandowski

Heimasíða
 Lech Poznań (lechpoznan.pl)
 Lech Poznań (90minut.pl)

Pólsk knattspyrnufélög
Poznań
stofnað 1922

Lech Poznań


Ouazzane (also Ouezzane) (Berber: ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ, ) is a town in northern Morocco, with a population of 59,606 recorded in the 2014 Moroccan census.

The city is well known in Morocco and throughout the Islamic world as a spiritual capital for it was home for several pillars of Sufism.  It has been known also as "Dar Dmana" ("House of Safety") due to its containing the tomb of the 18th-century Idrisi Sharif.

Many Jews of Morocco consider Ouazzane to be a holy city and make pilgrimages there to venerate the tomb of several marabouts (Moroccan saints), particularly moul Anrhaz, the local name for Rabbi Amram ben Diwan, an eighteenth-century rabbi who lived in the city and whose burial site is associated with a number of miracles.

During the Rif rebellion (leader Abd el Krim) in 1925 -1926, Ouazzane was an important supply base for the French Army. Ouazzane was connected by a 600 mm gauge narrow gauge railway via Ain Dfali, Mechra Bel Ksiri to Port Lyautey, now Kenitra, forming part of the 1912–1914 French built extensive narrow gauge network of Chemins de fer Militaires du Maroc, the largest 600 mm gauge network that ever existed in Africa with a total length of more than 1702 kilometres.

References

External links
 Lexicorient

Jewish pilgrimage sites
Populated places in Ouezzane Province
Provincial capitals in Morocco
Morocco geography articles needing translation from French Wikipedia

Ouazzane


La Forêt-sur-Sèvre ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) im Département Deux-Sèvres in der Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Sie gehört zum Arrondissement Bressuire und zum Kanton Cerizay.

Am 1. Januar 1973 schlossen sich die Gemeinden Montigny, La Ronde et Saint-Marsault als Communes associées der Gemeinde La Forêt-sur-Sèvre an.

Die Gemeinde liegt am Fluss Sèvre Nantaise.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Weblinks

Ort in Nouvelle-Aquitaine

La Forêt-sur-Sèvre


«Brutal Opera» es un sencillo de Iced Warm que está conformado por covers entre ellos están, Phantom of the Paris Opera (Cover de Andrew Lloyd Webber), Nemo (cover de Nightwish), Eraser (cover de Hypocrisy), y Serpent's Embrace (cover de Agathodaimon). Los cambios de que se hicieron en este sencillo fueron por ejemplo: El cambio de idioma en las canciones Phantom of the Paris Opera y Nemo que esta dos canciones fueron escritas en el idioma inglés y esta banda la tradujo al idioma Latín. También otros de los cambios hechos en esta son el cambio de riffs y rolas.

Lista de canciones

Sencillos de 2006

Brutal Opera


La bibliothèque de Munkkiniemi () est une bibliothèque du quartier de Munkkiniemi à Helsinki en Finlande.

Présentation
La bibliothèque de Munkkiniemi a été fondée en 1931.
La bibliothèque est l'un des établissements de la bibliothèque municipale d'Helsinki.

Le bâtiment actuel de la bibliothèque a été conçu par les architectes Kirsti et Egil Nord et construit en 1989.

Le bâtiment de la bibliothèque est situé sur Riihitie à côté de la maison d'Alvar Aalto.

Groupement Helmet de bibliothèques
La bibliothèque de Munkkiniemi fait partie du groupement Helmet, qui est un groupement de bibliothèques municipales d'Espoo, d'Helsinki, de Kauniainen et de Vantaa ayant une liste de collections commune et des règles d'utilisation communes.

Références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

 Bibliothèques Helmet

Liens internes

Munkkiniemi
Munkkiniemi
Bâtiment à Helsinki

Bibliothèque de Munkkiniemi


كيخسرو بن سياوش بن كيكاوس بن كيقباد؛ هو ثالث الملوك الكيانيين والثالث عشر من ملوك الشاهنامه. وهو بقية من المقدَّسين في الدين الآرىّ القديم. وهو آخر الملوك الذين تشترك فيهم أساطير الأفستا الكوردية والفيدا الهندية.

في الأساطير والتواريخ
هو في القيدا سُشراوَس، وفي الأفستا كيهُسَروه. ويذكر في الأفستا كثيرا، ويشاد بسجاياه ومآثره: ففيها-« نعزي روح هُسَروه الملك المعظم ». وفيها أن هسرور المقدام الذي جمع الأمم الآرية أمة واحدة قرّب لبعض الأرواح قربانا وراء بحيرة كالِكَسته العميقة ذات الماء الملح، ودعاه أن يؤيده حتى يصير الملك المطاع في البلاد كلها، بلاد الشياطين وبلاد الإنس،....

و أنه قرّب إلى روح آخر وسأله أن يرعاه حتى يقتل السفاح التورانى فرنكرسيان(افراسياب) وراء بحيرة كائكسته ينتقم لأبيه سياوش ولأغريرث(أخى أفراسياب).

و في فصل آخر المجد المكلىّ الرائع تجسد في كقى هُسَروه لأجل الشطاط والقوّة والنصر والعلاء القاهر، ولأجل طاعة الشرع والاعتزاز به، ولأجل استئصال أعدائه بضربة واحدة. ولأجل العافية، ونسل تقى طيب حكيم يرأس المحافل، ولمُلك مجيد وحياة طويلة طويلة.

فصار الملك هسروه سيد الشعب. لم يستطع أن يمرّ خلال الغابة ذلك السفاحُ الذي كان يحادّه على صهوة الفرس. وعلا السيد هسروه على الناس جميعا. وقيد فرنكرسيان وكِرِسَوزده (أفراسياب وأخاه كرسيوز) لينتقم لأبيه ولأغريرث. وفي الأفستا كذلك أن هسروه بُرّئ من المرض والموت.
و يسميه الطبري كيخسرونه. وفي الآثار الباقية أن كيخسرو هو كورش وأنه يلقب همايون.

و يذكر في الأفستا بحيرة اسمها بحيرة هسروه تقرّب إليها القرابين، وهي على خمسين فرسخا من بحيرة كائِكَسته (أرمِية).

ثم قصة ولاد كيخسرو في توران: وتربيته بين الرعاة خوفا عليه من جدّه لأمه أفراسياب، وإشفاق جدّه من زوال ملكه على يده، وقتل الجدّ بيد حافده في النهاية- تشبه كل الشبه وما يرويه هردوت عن ولادة كورش وما كان بينه وبين جدّه لأمه استياجس ملك ميديا. وقد تقدّم أن البيروني بزعم أن كيخسرو هو كورش ومؤرخو الفرس والترك في هذا العصر يوافقون البيروني.

و مما يعزى إلى كيخسرو أنه سنّ للفرس الاغتسال في عيد تيرماه ومن آثاره- بزعمهم- نار ماجشنسف وبيت للنار يسمى ديركوشيد بين العراق وفارس، ومدينة أردبيل، ومدينة بكن في الصين.

كيخسرو في الشاهنامه
و عهد كيخسرو أطول عهود الشاهنامه، يستغرق أكثر من خمس الكتاب وهو سبعة أقسام:
خمسة منها تقص من أنباء الحرب المستمرة بين إيران وتوران، واثنان فيهما قصتان منفصلتان ولكنهما تنتهيان بحرب بين الأمتين أيضا:
 إرسال الجيش يقوده طوس إلى حرب أفراسياب. ويتخلل هذا الفصل فاجعة فرّود أخى كيخسرو. وانتهى هذا الفصل بهزيمة الإيرانيين.
 حرب كاموس الكشانى وخاقان الصين. وفي هذا الطور يقود الحرب رستم وتدور الدائرة على أعداء إيران.
 حرب رستم وأخوان ديو
 قصة منيجة بنت أفراسياب وبيجن بن جيو بن جوذرز.
 حرب يازدهرخ.(الإحدي عشر)
 الحرب الكبرى بين الملكين كيخسرو وأفراسياب.

و في هذه الوقائع يبلغ الجلاد بين الأمتين أشدّه. ويزاد على الثارات القديمة ثار بنى جوذرز السبعين الذي قتلوا في المعارك الأولى. وينهزم الإيرانيون أول الأرم ثم ينتصرون، ثم يسيّر الإيرانيون أربعة جيوش ويلاقى الجيشُ الأعظم يقوده جوذرز، جيشَ توران يقوده پيران، ويبارز أحد عشر بطلا إيرانيا مثلهم من توران. فيُقتل التورانيون جميعا إلا قاتل سياوش كروي فيبقى ليقتله كيخسرو انتقاما لأبيه.

ثم يتبارز القائدان بيران وجوذرز فيقتل بيران الذي قاد حرب التورانيين في أطوارها كلها.
و لا يبقى إلا أفراسياب فيقدم كيخسرو ويلتقى الملكان في وقائع عديدة يظفر فيها كلها كيخسرو فيهرب أفراسياب ثم يؤخذ فيقتل.

أن القصة في هذا العهد قد هُيئت للختام في أطوار مختلفة. وأبطال هذا الطور، بعد رستم بطل الأبطال، أسرة جوذرز ثم طوس بن الملك نوذر وفريبرز ابن الملك كيكاوس.

إصعاده إلي السماء
يأس الملك كيخسرو وضجره من الحياة. وسأله الملوك والأمراء والأعيان عن سر احتجابه واختفائه عنهم. فأرسل الإيرانيين رسلهم إلى زال ورستم ليذهبا إلي كيخسرو. ثم سلم الملك كيخسرو ثيابه وأسلحته إلى رستم. وأعطى خيله ورعيله طوس بن نوذر. ووهب بستانه ومجلسه لجوذرز بين كشواذ. ووهب سرادقه وخيمه ودوابه المربوطة عنده لفريبُرز بن كيكاوس. فاستخلف الملك كيخسرو لهراسب للحكم بعده وأعرض عن الملك والحكومة. ثم ذهب الملك إلي الجبل واختفي في البرد. بحث الأبطال عن الملك كيخسرو بين الثلوج وبقوا يضطربون تحت الثلج حتى هلكوا أجمعين الا ثلاثة منهم؛ رستم وزال وجودرز.

قصة انقباض كيخسرو واعتزاله وإصعاده في الجبل وارتفاعه إلى السماء حيا تشبه قصة في الحماسة الهندية العظيمة المهابهارته حيث يعتزم يدهشترا أن يعتزل الملك، ويقتدى به إخوته ويودّعهم الرجال والنساء ثم يرجع المودّعون، ويستمرّ السائحون في رحلتهم حتى تعترضهم صحراء عظيمة فيهلكون في رمالها ما عدا يدهشترا. فيسير قد ما لا يلتفت إلى شيء، ومن ورائه كلبه، حتى يدخل السماء حيا.

الكأس الذي يري به العالم
كان للملك كيخسرو كاساً يري به العالم حسب الشاهنامة والأساطير الإيرانية الدينية والتاريخية. وكان الملك كيخسرو يأخذ الكأس ينظر فيه ويطالع أحوال الأقاليم. وهذا الجام يذكر كثيرا في الشعر الفارسي باسم جام جم أو جام كيخسرو.

و في نزهة القلوب أن في حدود جنبدق بئر فيها حمام كثير، ولا يعرف أحد غورها. ويهبط فيها الهابط أكثر من 500 ذراع ثم لا يستطيع المزيد لشدة البرد. وتقول العامة أن كيخسرو وضع في هذه البئر الكأس التي كان يرى فيها العالم.

مراجع

أدب فارسي
شخصيات من الشاهنامة

كيخسرو


John Francis Leslie (17 August 1901 – 25 November 1988) was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left.

Leslie was the only black professional player in England during his time with Plymouth Argyle. Leslie enjoyed a 14–season spell with Argyle, having joined the club from Barking Town in 1921. A creator and scorer of goals, his partnership with outside left Sammy Black has gone down in history as one of the very best. Leslie played alongside Black 327 times, with the duo scoring 319 goals between them in all competitions, with Leslie contributing 137 of them. In 1930, The Football Herald described him as "known throughout England for his skill and complexion."

Early life
Leslie was born in Canning Town, London, to a Jamaican father also called John Leslie, a boilermaker, and an English mother, Annie Leslie, a seamstress.

Career
He played for the local team Barking Town, scoring more than 250 goals and helping them win the Essex Senior Cup in 1920 and London League Premier Division title in 1921. Also in 1921 he joined Plymouth Argyle. Predominantly a centre-forward or an inside-left, Leslie was described as being versatile and able to provide cover wherever needed.

It took until his eleventh appearance for Argyle for him to get his first goal, in a 2–0 win against Gillingham in 1923.

Across a total of fourteen seasons at Argyle he scored 133 league goals in 384 games, making him Argyle's ninth record highest appearance maker, and fourth highest goal scorer.

England call-up
Leslie was called up to the national team in 1925 as a non-travelling reserve; his manager, Bob Jack, told him he had been selected as a reserve for England against Ireland for an October 1925 Home Nations Championship game. However, the invitation to be a reserve for his country was withdrawn. It has been speculated that this was because of belated objections to his skin colour by members of the FA who had been unaware of his ethnicity. Later in life, Leslie told the journalist Brian Woolnough: "They must have forgot I was a coloured boy."

Leslie was never picked in any capacity for England again. As a consequence, it was not until 1963 that John Charles became the first black player to appear in an England shirt when he represented England at under-18 level, and in 1978 Viv Anderson became the first black player to appear as a full international for the England national football team.

Retirement
He retired from professional football in 1935, playing his last game, and scoring his last goal, on 29 December 1934 in a 3–1 win against Fulham.

He later worked as a member of the backroom staff of his local club, West Ham United, as the boot-boy. He was offered the job by West Ham manager, Ron Greenwood who recognised Leslie as a great player. During his time at West Ham Leslie cleaned the boots of World Cup winners, Bobby Moore, Geoff Hurst and Martin Peters and of England international Trevor Brooking and Clyde Best who at the time was one of only a very small number of black players in the top flight of English football.

He died in 1988.

Legacy

In December 2019, the boardroom at the newly redeveloped Mayflower Grandstand at Plymouth Argyle's ground Home Park was named in Leslie's honour.

On 18 June 2020, following the George Floyd protests in the United Kingdom and a petition signed by over 500 people, it was reported that Plymouth City Council had proposed to rename Sir John Hawkins Square in the City Centre to the 'Jack Leslie Square'.

In November 2020, a blue plaque was unveiled outside Leslie's former home in Canning Town.

In August 2022, a previously unnamed road which runs outside Home Park's Devonport End was named Jack Leslie Way.

In early 2020 The Jack Leslie Campaign was set up, with the aim of building a statue of Leslie outside Home Park. Crowd-funding for the project began on 1 July 2020, and by August 2020 had raised the target amount of £100,000.

On 7 October 2022, the commissioned bronze statue of Leslie was unveiled at Home Park. The statue stands 3.7m (12ft) tall, and was sculpted by Andy Edwards. A plaque on the statue's base also paid tribute to Leslie's strike-partner Sammy Black, who is Argyle's record top goalscorer.

On the same day, Leslie was awarded a posthumous honorary England cap by the FA. The FA's chair, Debbie Hewitt said in a statement: "the FA is awarding Jack a posthumous honorary cap, to recognise his unique contribution and set of circumstances – and to right the historical wrong." The cap was presented to Leslie's family at Wembley Stadium on 26 March 2023 before England's Euro 2024 qualifying game against Ukraine.

In February 2023 he was inducted into the National Football Museum's Hall of Fame.

Career statistics

Honours
Plymouth Argyle
 Football League Third Division South: 1929–30

England
 Honorary Cap (posthumous)

See also
Viv Anderson, who became the first black footballer to play for England, in 1978.
Mike Trebilcock, who also played for Plymouth Argyle, and was the first black footballer to score in an FA Cup Final.

References

External links
Jack Leslie profile at Plymouth Argyle
Jack Leslie profile and records at Greens on Screen

1901 births
1988 deaths
Footballers from Canning Town
English men's footballers
English sportspeople of Jamaican descent
Men's association football forwards
Barking F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
English Football League players
Black British sportsmen
West Ham United F.C. non-playing staff

Jack Leslie (English footballer)


A Piazzale del Foro Italico, também chamada de Piazzale dell'Impero ("Praça do Império") até 1946, está localizada entre a "" com o obelisco de Mussolini e o "Stadio Olimpico" no "Foro Italico" (anteriormente "Foro Mussolini") no norte de Roma. Esta alameda é decorada com piso de mosaico e termina numa praça com uma fonte com um globo de três metros de diâmetro feito de mármore de Carrara.

Projeto
Desde meados da década de 1920, o "Partito Nazionale Fascista" planejava construir uma instalação de educação física para jovens na periferia norte de Roma. Encomendado pela Opera Nazionale Balilla, Enrico Del Debbio projetou o "Foro Mussolini" entre 1928 e 1933, hoje Foro Italico. Foi projetada essa alameda entre o obelisco de Mussolini e a fonte esférica. Em 1937, a recém-fundada "Opera Nazionale Balilla" assumiu a liderança e encomendou a Luigi Moretti um maior desenvolvimento com vistas à candidatura de Roma para os Jogos Olímpicos de 1940. Moretti, que também construiu vários prédios ao redor da praça, desenhou a praça com mosaicos, a partir de desenhos de Giulio Rossi, feitos de mármore de Carrara branco e tesselas pretas. Nos mosaicos, que vão do obelisco de Mussolini à fonte, estão embutidos temas marciais e esportivos, bem como inscrições de conteúdo fascista, como "DVCE" ("líder") e "DVCE A NOI" ("nosso líder"). Os mosaicos são divididos em campos individuais e mostram representações da antiguidade e dos tempos modernos.

A praça fica no pátio do Estádio Olímpico de Roma. A praça foi reformada e redesenhada para os Jogos Olímpicos de 1960 e a Copa do Mundo de 1990. No entanto, os mosaicos com o tema fascista foram preservados.

Fontana della Sfera
A Fonte da Esfera (em italiano "Fontana della Sfera"), com aquela que é provavelmente a maior esfera de mármore do mundo, com 3 metros de diâmetro e 37 toneladas de peso, está localizada no centro da praça. A esfera é colocada em um pedestal quadrado e é borrifada com água da borda da bacia redonda da fonte. A fonte foi projetada pelos arquitetos Giulio Pediconi e Mario Paniconi em 1933-1934.

Interpretação crítica ideológica
Eamonn Canniffe descreve esta "piazzale" (algo como "alameda") da seguinte forma:

A alameda é ladeada por numerosos blocos de mármore, entre eles um grande bloco no qual a proclamação do Imperador por Mussolini em 9 de março de 1936 foi gravada. O Impero (italiano para império) foi a visão do fascismo italiano da Itália e suas colônias africanas na Líbia e na África Oriental como o poder hegemônico decisivo no Mediterrâneo.

A alameda destinava-se a servir de propaganda interna e externa aos visitantes estrangeiros dos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1940 e da planejada exposição mundial E42 no distrito de Esposizione Universale di Roma (E.U.R.) de 1942. O distrito de EUR foi projetado como um exemplo modelo de planejamento urbano fascista sob Mussolini. Ambos os eventos não ocorreram devido ao isolamento internacional da Itália por causa da guerra da Itália contra a Abissínia de 1935–36 e em seguida por causa da Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Ver também
 Lista de quadras de tênis por capacidade
 Comitê Olímpico Nacional Italiano
 Torneio de tênis de Roma

Leitura adicional
 Eamonn Canniffe: The Politics of the Piazza: The History and Meaning of the Italian Square. Ashgate Publishing, Hampshire 2007, ISBN 978-0-75464716-4, Google Books
 Touring Club Italiano: Guida Rossa, Roma, Mailand 2013, ISBN 8-83-656192-6, S. 739

Ligações externas
 Piazzale del Impero, Foro Italico, Rome

Praças de Roma
Arquitetura da Itália do século XX
Arquitetura de 1932
Quadras de tênis
Roma Q. XV Della Vittoria

Piazzale del Foro Italico


Barry Paul Sloane (Liverpool, 10 de febrero de 1981) es un actor de cine y televisión inglés, más conocido por haber interpretado a Niall Rafferty en la serie de televisión Hollyoaks.

Biografía
Barry está casado con la  diseñadora Katy O'Grady, quien quedó en cuarto lugar en la serie Project Catwalk. La pareja tiene una hija, Gracie Bluebell Sloane (2010).

Carrera
Barry se entrenó como músico y actor antes de obtener su primer papel profesional en la película  In his Life: The John Lennon Story donde interpretó a Ivan en el 2000.

Entre el 2003 y el 2007 apareció en películas como Pleasureland, The Mark of Cain y en I'm a Juvenile Delinquent, Jail Me!

En diciembre del 2007 se unió como personaje recurrente a la exitosa serie británica Hollyoaks donde interpretó al malvado Niall Rafferty, hijo de Myra McQueen, hasta el 2009, después de que su personaje se suicidara tirándose de un acantilado.

En el 2010 apareció como invitado en series populares como The Bill, Casualty donde interpretó a Davey Blair un viejo amigo del doctor Lenny Lyons. También apareció en la serie Doctors donde interpretó al narcotraficante Brett Sullivan, y en Holby City donde dio vida al médico militar Kieran Callaghan, quien se fue con Donna Jackson. Ese mismo año apareció en la miniserie dramática DCI Banks: The Aftermath donde interpretó al pícaro Jacki Wray.

Entre el 2009 y el 2011 interpretó al hombre duro del campo Troy Whitworth en la obra Jerusalem junto a Mackenzie Crook.

En el 2012 apareció en el thriller Penthouse North. Ese mismo año se unió al elenco de la segunda temporada de la serie estadounidense Revenge donde interpretó a Aiden Mathis, un hombre relacionado al pasado de Emily (Emily VanCamp), durante las temporadas 2 y 3.

En el 2014 se unió al elenco de la serie The Whispers donde interpretó a Wes Lawrence, un exagente del FBI.

En febrero del 2016 se anunció que se uniría al elenco principal de la nueva serie militar Six donde dará vida al soldado John "Bear" Graves, el líder del equipo "Seal Team Six".

En el año 2019 y 2022 prestó su voz al Capitán John Price en el reboot de la popular saga Call of Duty y su secuela  Modern Warfare 2.

Filmografía

Teatro

Videojuegos

Premios y nominaciones

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 BARRY SLOANE FANS - Home

Actores de cine de Inglaterra
Actores de televisión de Inglaterra
Reparto de Revenge
Nacidos en Liverpool

Barry Sloane


The 11th Carrier Air Group (11th CAG) was an aircraft carrier air group of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm. It was formed in June 1945, at HMS Nabbington, a Royal Navy, Mobile Naval Operating Air Base (MONAB), established at the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) base RAAF Nowra at Nowra, New South Wales, in Australia, for service in the British Pacific Fleet, until disbanding in November of the same year. The group was for  (92).

Naval Air Squadrons

The 11th Carrier Air Group consisted of a number of squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm.

See also
 List of Fleet Air Arm groups

References

Citations

Bibliography

Fleet Air Arm groups
Military units and formations established in 1945
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945

11th Carrier Air Group


ومارك سانفورد هو سياسي ينتمي إلى (الحزب الجمهوري) وحاكم ولاية كارولينا الجنوبية منذ عام 2003. ولد مارك سانفورد في 28 أيار / مايو من سنة 1960 في ولاية فلوريدا، حصل على شهادته الجامعية الأولى في جامعة فورمان وماجستير في إدارة الأعمال من جامعة ولاية فرجينيا انتقل إلى سوليفان آيلند بولاية كارولاينا الجنوبية في وقت مبكر من تسعينات القرن الماضي مع زوجته جيني وأربعة أبناء : مارشال، لاندون، بولتون وبليك. خدم في مجلس النواب الأمريكى النواب ما بين 1995 و2001.

مراجع

أسقفيون أمريكيون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من تشارلستون (كارولاينا الجنوبية)
أشخاص من مقاطعة بوفورت (كارولاينا الجنوبية)
أشخاص من مقاطعة هيلزبورو (فلوريدا)
أعضاء الحزب الجمهوري في كارولاينا الجنوبية
أعضاء الحزب الجمهوري في مجلس النواب الأمريكي من كارولاينا الجنوبية
أعضاء مجلس النواب الأمريكي من الحزب الجمهوري
أعضاء مجلس النواب الأمريكي من كارولاينا الجنوبية
أفراد عسكريون من فلوريدا
أفراد عسكريون من كارولاينا الجنوبية
أمناء جامعة كارولاينا الجنوبية
جمهوريون من ولاية كارولاينا الجنوبية
حكام ولايات أمريكية من الحزب الجمهوري
حكام ولاية كارولينا الجنوبية
خريجو جامعة فورمان
سياسيون أمريكيون في القرن 20
سياسيون أمريكيون في القرن 21
سياسيون من تشارلستون (كارولينا الجنوبية)
سياسيون من فورت لاودردال (فلوريدا)
شخصيات ذكرت ضمن فضائح جنسية
ضباط بالقوات الجوية الأمريكية
كشافة إيغل
مرشحو الرئاسة الأمريكية لعام 2020
مواليد 1960
مواليد في فورت لاودردال
أسقفيون من كارولاينا الجنوبية

مارك سانفورد


Le variant Iota, également connu sous le nom de lignée B.1.526, est l'un des variants du SARS-CoV-2, le virus qui cause la COVID-19. Il a été détecté pour la première fois à New York en novembre 2020. Le variante est apparue avec deux mutations notables : la mutation Spike E484K, qui peut aider le virus à échapper aux anticorps, et la mutation S477N, qui peut aider le virus à se lier plus étroitement aux cellules humaines.

En février 2021, il s'était propagé rapidement dans la région de New York et représentait environ une séquence virale sur quatre. Au 11 avril 2021, le variant avait été détecté dans au moins 48 États américains et 18 pays.

Dans le cadre du schéma de dénomination simplifié proposé par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, B.1.526 a été étiqueté variant Iota et est considéré comme un variant d'intérêt (VOI), mais pas comme un variant préoccupant.

Mutation
Le génome d'Iota (B.1.526) contient les mutations d'acides aminés suivantes, toutes présentes dans le code de la protéine Spike du virus : L5F, T95I, D253G, E484K, D614G et A701V.

Chronologie
La propagation du variant Iota a été détectée par des chercheurs du California Institute of Technology en recherchant des mutations dans une base de données connue sous le nom de GISAID, une initiative scientifique mondiale qui a documenté plus de 700 000 séquences génomiques du SRAS-CoV-2.

La proportion de cas américains représentés par le variant Iota avait fortement diminué fin juillet 2021, le variant Delta devenant dominant.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Variants du SARS-CoV-2 : Variant Alpha du SARS-CoV-2, Variant Bêta du SARS-CoV-2, Variant Gamma du SARS-CoV-2, Variant Delta du SARS-CoV-2, Variant Epsilon du SARS-CoV-2, Variant Zeta du SARS-CoV-2, Variant Eta du SARS-CoV-2, Variant Theta du SARS-CoV-2, Variant Kappa du SARS-CoV-2, Variant Lambda du SARS-CoV-2, Variant Mu du SARS-CoV-2, Variant Omicron du SARS-CoV-2.

Iota

Variant Iota du SARS-CoV-2


ISO 4762 er en ISO standard for en Skrue.

En Stålskrue ISO 4762 er en af de mest brugte skruer inden for befæstelse området.

Kilde
 http://bolte.dk/cylinderhoved-iso-4762-indv-6-kant/

4762

ISO 4762


Hagno (en grec ancien : Ἁγνὼ) est une nymphe d'Arcadie dans la mythologie grecque.

Biographie

Une des nourrices de Zeus, elle était représentée à Mégalopolis avec dans une main une urne pleine d'eau, dans l'autre main une coupe. Elle était invoquée au moment des sécheresses et une fontaine lui était consacrée sur le mont Lycée.

Notes et références

Bibliographie
 Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 8.31.4

Liens externes

Nymphe de la mythologie grecque

Hagno


Hypoxidaceae, biljna porodica jednosupnica iz tropskih krajeva Amerike, Afrike, Azije i Australije. Danas se u nju ubrajaju 171 vrsta unutar 10 rodova. Listovi roda hipoksis (Hypoxis) su travolikog oblika koji rastu iz podzemne stabljike, a žuti zvjezdoliki cvjetovi cvjetaju od lipnja do studenog na bezlisnoj stabljici okruženoj listovima.

Za vrste hipoksis govorilo se da liječe HIV, no preporuka je znanosti da se to izbjegava, dok se ne dokaže njegova sigurnost

Rodovi
 Familia Hypoxidaceae R. Br. (171 spp.)
 Empodium Salisb. (7 spp.)
 Spiloxene Salisb. (3 spp.)
 Pauridia Harv. (35 spp.)
 Rhodohypoxis Nel (6 spp.)
 Hypoxis L. (88 spp.), hipoksis
 Sinocurculigo Z.J.Liu, L.J.Chen & K.Wei Liu (1 sp.)
 Molineria Colla (10 spp.)
 Curculigo Gaertn. (18 spp.), kurkuligo
 Hypoxidia Friedmann (2 spp.)
 Neofriedmannia Kocyan & Wiland (1 sp.)

Izvori

Šparogolike

Hypoxidaceae


Le parcours de l'équipe du Canada de soccer à la Coupe du monde 2022, organisée au Qatar constitue la deuxième participation du pays en phase finale.

Le tirage au sort a placé les Canadiens dans le groupe F avec la Belgique, la Croatie et le Maroc. Durant la compétition, les Rouges séjournent dans le Century Premier Hotel de Lusail et s'entraînent au centre d'entraînement de l'Umm Salal SC.

Qualifications

Matchs de qualification

Lors de la précédente campagne de qualification, le Canada termine troisième du groupe A durant le quatrième tour des éliminatoires de la Coupe du monde 2018, derrière le Mexique et le Honduras. Les deux premiers de tous les groupes du quatrième tour sont qualifiés pour le tour suivant, ce qui n'est pas le cas du Canada. Cet échec sera imputé au sélectionneur espagnol Benito Floro.

Après plusieurs tentatives pour se qualifier à nouveau pour une Coupe du monde, le Canada ( du classement de la FIFA du ) s'y lance pour une nouvelle fois.

Premier tour : le Canada termine au sommet du groupe B
Ne faisant pas partie des cinq meilleures équipes de la CONCACAF, la sélection canadienne doit disputer le premier tour. Elle est placée dans le groupe B en compagnie de quatre autres équipes. Seule la première du classement final obtient sa qualification pour le tour suivant.

Le Canada est opposée à Aruba, aux Bermudes, aux îles Caïmans et au Suriname. L'équipe canadienne commence la campagne de qualification à Orlando, en raison de la pandémie de Covid-19. Le , le Canada gagne son premier match face aux Bermudes (5-1), avec un triplé de Cyle Larin. Quatre jours plus tard, le Canada signe la victoire la plus large de son histoire en pulvérisant les îles Caïmans (11-0). Les deuxième et troisième rencontre se déroulent au complexe de soccer de l', en Floride. Le , le Canada gagne facilement contre Aruba (7-0) et maintient sa première place dans le groupe. Trois jours plus tard à Bridgeview, le Canada dispute le dernier match, décisif, contre le Suriname qui de son côté a également gagné tous ses matchs. Le Canada valide facilement sa qualification pour le second tour en surclassant le Suriname 4-0, bouclant ainsi un parcours parfait dans ce groupe B (douze points sur douze possibles). Jonathan David, qui évolue en France dans le club du LOSC, inscrit à cette occasion un triplé (dont un penalty).

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Deuxième tour : vainqueur de la double confrontation face à Haïti
Au deuxième tour, le Canada affronte l'équipe d'Haïti en matchs aller-retour, avec en jeu un ticket pour le tournoi octogonal. Au tour précédent, Haïti a remporté le groupe E devant le Nicaragua.

À l'aller, le , le Canada s'impose un but à zéro au stade Sylvio-Cator de Port-au-Prince. Cyle Larin, attaquant du Beşiktaş, inscrit l'unique but de la rencontre. La sélection haïtienne aura trois absences majeures, dont le capitaine pour le match retour. Celui-ci se dispute à Bridgeview et les Canadiens s'imposent largement trois buts à zéro. Les buts sont inscrits en seconde période, le gardien haïtien, Josué Duverger, ouvrant la marque contre son camp dès le retour des vestiaires, après une double maladresse. Puis, à la , Cyle Larin marque son deuxième but en deux rencontres tandis que Junior Hoilett clôt le score dans les derniers instants du match. Le Canada accède au tour final, une première depuis 1997.

Tour final : une qualification inédite
Le Canada rejoint les cinq nations dispensées du premier tour, plus le Panama et le Salvador, les deux autres vainqueurs du deuxième tour. Les trois premiers se qualifient pour la Coupe du monde et le quatrième joue un barrage intercontinental. Le tour final est surnommé l' ou le . L'équipe du Canada jouera enfin ses matchs à domicile au Canada, pour la première fois en près de deux ans. Le Canada fait match nul (1-1), lors du premier match — et également premier match à domicile depuis  — du troisième tour contre le Honduras, le . Trois jours tard, le Canada enchaine un deuxième match nul de 1-1 face aux États-Unis. Le Canada n'a pas gagné sur le sol américain depuis 1957. La sélection canadienne réalise un bon départ, malgré deux matchs nuls. Le  suivant, le Canada remporte sa première victoire sur le score de 3-0 face au Salvador, malgré l'absence d'Alphonso Davies.

Le Canada est privé de plusieurs joueurs importants — Milan Borjan, Lucas Cavallini, Atiba Hutchinson et Cyle Larin — pour les trois rencontres de la fenêtre internationale d'octobre. Le , l'équipe du Canada arrache un match nul (1-1) contre le Mexique dans le mythique stade Azteca de Mexico. Le Canada parvient à égaliser avant la mi-temps par l'intermédiaire de Jonathan Osorio. Le Canada n'a jamais gagné à l'Azteca. Selon Patrice Bernier, le match nul au Mexique, est un  pour le Canada. Trois jours plus tard, le Canada enchaine un autre match nul (0-0) face à la Jamaïque à Kingston et les Rouges sont toujours invaincus. Le  suivant, le Canada défait le Panama quatre buts à un, dont un but spectaculaire d'Alphonso Davies. Les Canadiens ont récolté sept points sur neuf à domicile et sont de retour dans le top 50 du classement de la FIFA.

Début , Canada Soccer annonce qu'elle jouera ses deux prochains matchs à Edmonton, face au Costa Rica puis contre le Mexique, en novembre. Ces deux rencontres à domicile sont assurément cruciales. John Herdman a bien l'intention de profiter de l'avantage compétitif que pourrait représenter la météo dans le nord de l'Alberta à la mi-novembre. Le , le Canada remporte une victoire serrée d'un but à zéro contre le Costa Rica devant une foule de  spectateurs au stade du Commonwealth, avec une température ressentie de -2 °C. Jonathan David inscrit l'unique but du match et Sam Adekugbe réalise une excellente performance. Le  suivant, Environnement Canada annonce de la neige forte, suivi d'une température qui pourrait se chiffrer à -11 °C au moment du coup d'envoi face au Mexique. Les Rouges renversent le Mexique sur le score de deux buts à un, avec une température ressentie de -16 °C et Cyle Larin réalise un doublé dans un stade rempli de neige. C'est aussi la première victoire canadienne face aux Mexicains depuis . Cette victoire permet au Canada de grimper à la première place du tournoi octogonal.

Le , le Canada gagne contre le Honduras à San Pedro Sula (2-0) et reste en tête du classement. C'est également la première victoire canadienne au Honduras depuis . Trois jours plus tard, les Rouges enchaînent une nouvelle victoire face aux Américains au Tim Hortons Field de Hamilton, avec une température de -5 °C. Larin et Adekugbe marquent les deux buts. Le  suivant, le Canada bat le Salvador chez lui (2-0), dont un but bizarre d'Atiba Hutchinson. C'est aussi la première victoire canadienne au Salvador depuis . Le Canada s'approche d'une qualification à la Coupe du monde et les Rouges sont toujours invaincus, malgré l'absence d'Alphonso Davies. Le Canada atteint la  du classement de la FIFA, soit son meilleur classement. Le Canada a juste besoin d'une victoire pour se qualifier. Mais les Rouges perdent pour la première fois au cours de ces éliminatoires, face au Costa Rica (1-0), le . Réduits à dix après l'exclusion de Mark-Anthony Kaye après un deuxième avertissement, les Canadiens encaissent un but juste avant la mi-temps par un coup de tête de Celso Borges. Le Canada en bonne position pour se qualifier à la Coupe du monde, devront patienter pour valider leur billet et peut se qualifier devant ses partisans à Toronto. Trois jours plus tard, le Canada gagne facilement face à la Jamaïque (4-0) devant  spectateurs au BMO Field. Pour la première fois depuis 1986 et seulement la deuxième fois de son histoire, la sélection canadienne participera à la Coupe du monde au Qatar. Le Canada termine premier du tour final, malgré une défaite (1-0) face au Panama.

Le Canada se place à la  du classement de la FIFA du . Cyle Larin termine meilleur buteur des éliminatoires de la zone CONCACAF avec treize buts et Jonathan David se classe à la deuxième place avec neuf buts. En considérant l'ensemble des tours préliminaires au niveau mondial, Larin est devancé par l'Émirati Ali Mabkhout (14 buts).

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Préparation de la Coupe du monde
Le , l'équipe du Canada annonce qu'elle dispute un match amical contre l'Iran — classée  au classement de la FIFA — et deux matchs de la Ligue des nations contre Curaçao et le Honduras en vue de la préparation pour le Mondial. L'idée d'accueillir l'équipe iranienne a suscité de nombreuses critiques depuis son annonce, dont l'Association des familles des victimes du vol PS752. Le  suivant, le match amical face à l'Iran est annulé par Canada Soccer pour des raisons géopolitiques. Le premier ministre Justin Trudeau a ainsi récemment déclaré que le match . Le  suivant, le Panama remplace à la dernière minute l'Iran pour le match amical du .

Le match face au Panama est annulé moins de deux heures avant son coup d'envoi. Les joueurs canadiens ont préféré boycotter la rencontre et se servir de cette occasion pour partir en fronde contre Canada Soccer. À l'origine de cette grève, un différend avec leurs dirigeants au sujet du partage des primes versées par la FIFA. Le  suivant, les joueurs canadiens créent leur syndicat, afin de veiller aux bons intérêts des joueurs.

Deux jours plus tard, les joueurs sont de retour à l'entraînement. Le  suivant, le Canada gagne quatre buts à zéro face à Curaçao, lors de la Ligue des nations et Alphonso Davies inscrit un doublé. Quatre jours plus tard, le Canada est battu par le Honduras (2-1) à San Pedro Sula sous des conditions de jeu défavorables. Le , Canada Soccer annonce qu'elle dispute en septembre deux matchs amicaux sur le sol européen, face au Qatar et à l'Uruguay, en prévision de la Coupe du monde. Puis, Canada Soccer annonce le  qu'elle affronte le Japon à Dubaï, une semaine avant la Coupe du monde. Il affronte également le Bahreïn le . Ce camp à Bahreïn regroupe surtout des joueurs dont la saison en MLS est terminée.

L'équipe a disputé deux matches amicaux en septembre, le premier contre le Qatar, pays hôte de la prochaine Coupe du monde, qui se termine par une victoire (2-0) et le second qui se termine par une défaite contre l'Uruguay (2-0). C'est seulement le second affrontement entre les deux pays, le dernier remonte à 1986, lors d'une défaite 3-1. Lors du camp d'entraînement à Bahreïn, le Canada fait match nul face à la sélection bahreïnienne, dont un match parfait d'Ismaël Koné. Les Rouges terminent leur préparation par une victoire contre le Japon sur un score de 2-1, quelques jours avant la compétition. Lucas Cavallini, auteur du but victorieux, grâce à une panenka en fin match.

Détail des matchs de la Ligue des nations et amicaux

Effectif
La liste de joueurs sélectionnés est dévoilée le dimanche  par John Herdman. Elle compte vingt-six joueurs dont six du CF Montréal. On note l'absence du gardien Maxime Crépeau (fracture de la jambe droite), des défenseurs Scott Kennedy (blessure à l'épaule) et Doneil Henry (déchirure musculaire du mollet), contraints de déclarer forfait. Alphonso Davies, incertain après être sorti sur blessure d'un match de championnat quelques jours plus tôt, est finalement présent.

Déroulement de la Coupe du monde

Tirage au sort
Le tirage au sort de la phase finale de la Coupe du monde est effectué le  au centre d'exposition et de congrès de Doha. Le   classement mondial de la FIFA de mars est pris en compte pour la constitution des chapeaux avant le tirage.   de ce classement, le Canada est placé dans le chapeau 4. Le tirage affecte le Canada dans le groupe F en compagnie de la tête de série belge (chapeau 1,  du classement FIFA), de la Croatie (chapeau 2, ) et du Maroc (chapeau 3, ).

Les différents sélectionneurs réagissent à ce tirage au sort. Selon le sélectionneur des Rouges John Herdman,  et . Pour le sélectionneur de la Belgique, Roberto Martínez, c'est . Pour le sélectionneur croate Zlatko Dalić, . Pour finir, selon le sélectionneur du Maroc Vahid Halilhodžić, .

Selon l'international belge Toby Alderweireld, . Et son coéquipier Thomas Meunier a dit que . , a souligné le Montréalais Samuel Piette.

Par le passé, il y a eu trois matchs amicaux contre le Maroc, soit un nul et deux défaites. Le Canada n'a jamais affronté la Croatie. Enfin, les Canucks ont affronté une fois la Belgique et se sont inclinés sur le score de deux buts à zéro en .

Matchs

Première journée : Belgique - Canada

Deuxième journée : Croatie - Canada

Troisième journée : Canada - Maroc

Statistiques

Temps de jeu

Buteurs

Passeurs décisifs

Notes et références

Notes

Références

2022
Canada

Équipe du Canada de soccer à la Coupe du monde 2022


Borut Petrič (Kranj, 28. prosinca 1961.), slovenski plivač. Plivanjem se bavio od mladosti. Već kao omladinac ostvario je uspjehe. Bio je najmlađi sudionik Olimpijskih igara u povijesti Slovenije i SFRJ (14 godina i 325 dana). Sudjelovao ukupno na tri uzastopne OI. Osvajač europskih medalja i dugogodišnji slovenski rekorder. Njegovih pet kadetskih rekorda iz 1977. godine do danas nisu srušeni. 1981. godine list Sport dodijelio mu je nagradu Zlatnu značku za najboljeg športaša Jugoslavije. I u izboru Sportskih novosti također je proglašen za športaša godine u Jugoslaviji.

Peterostruki je slovenski športaš godine (1976., 1977., 1978., 1981. i 1983.) i s Bojanom Križajem ima najviše priznanja najboljeg slovenskog športaša godine.
Brat Damjan Petrič također je bio uspješan plivač.

Istaknuti rezultati u plivačkoj karijeri:
 1975. treći na europskom juniorskom prvenstvu - 1500 m slobodno
 1976. europski juniorski prvak - 1500 m slobodno, europski doprvak na 400 m slobodno i 200 m delfin, sudjelovao na OI
 1977. treći na europskom prvenstvu - 1500 m slobodno
 1978. svjetski doprvak - 1500 m slobodno
 1979. prvak na Mediteranskim igrama - 400 m slobodno
 1980. peti na OI u Moskvi - 1500 m slobodno
 1981. europski prvak - 400 m slobodno, doprvak - 1500 m slobodno
 1982. peti na svjetskom prvenstvu - 400 m slobodno
 1983. europski doprvak - 400 m slobodno, 1500 m slobodno
 1983. prvak na Mediteranskim igrama - 200 m slobodno
 1984. sudionik OI

Rezultatom 3:51,63 je bio apsolutni slovenski rekorder na 400 m slobodno sve do 25. ožujka 2007. godine. Još uvijek drži pet rekorda Slovenije iz 1977. godine za kadete.

Trenirao PK Jug iz Dubrovnika, Tanju Šmid i PK Fužinar Ravne.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
CONOR.SI

Slovenski plivači
Europski prvaci u plivanju

Borut Petrič


Pleikartshof ist ein Gemeindeteil der Gemeinde Gebsattel im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geographie
Durch den Weiler fließt der Pleikartshofer Bach, der mit weiteren Bächen einen linken Zufluss des Kirnberger Mühlbachs bildet, der wiederum ein rechter Zufluss der Tauber ist. Südlich und östlich des Ortes gibt es bewaldete Anhöhen. Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Rödersdorf (0,8 km westlich) bzw. zur Staatsstraße 2249 (0,8 km nördlich).

Geschichte
Im Geographischen Lexikon von 1802 wird der Ort folgendermaßen beschrieben: "Pleikershof, Pleikartshof, auch Leikershof. Reichsstadt Rothenburgischer Ort von 2 Höfen innerhalb Rothenburgischer Landwehre, eine halbe Stunde vor der Stadt, gegen Leutershausen. Der Ort ist nach Kirnberg eingepfarrt und entrichtet den Zehnten dem Stifte Comburg. Rothenburg kaufte den Ort mit andern Gütern von Hektor von Heßberg 1605. 12 Dienste werden geleistet und 2 Wagen gestellt. Unweit des Orts ist ein See, Altsee genannt."

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jahrhundert) wurde Pleikartshof dem Steuerdistrikt Gebsattel und der Ruralgemeinde Kirnberg zugeordnet. Im Zuge der Gebietsreform wurde diese am 1. Januar 1972 nach Gebsattel eingemeindet.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Maria und Michael (Kirnberg) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession sind nach St. Laurentius (Gebsattel) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Gebsattel)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Weiler in Mittelfranken

Pleikartshof


كانت بترا كارين كيلي (29 نوفمبر 1947 – نحو 1 أكتوبر 1992)، سياسية ألمانية تابعة لحزب الخضر وناشطة نسوية بيئية.

كانت عضوًا مؤسسًا في حزب الخضر الألماني، وهو أول حزب أخضر يبرز إلى الصدارة على الصعيدين الوطني في ألمانيا وفي جميع أنحاء العالم. في عام 1982، حصلت على جائزة رايت ليفيلهوود (جائزة نوبل البديلة) «..لصياغة وتنفيذ رؤية جديدة توحد الشواغل البيئية مع نزع السلاح، والعدالة الاجتماعية، وحقوق الإنسان».

حزب الخضر الألماني
كانت بترا كيلي إحدى مؤسسي دي جرونن (Die Grünen)، حزب الخضر الألماني عام 1979. وفي عام 1983، انتُخِبت في البوندستاغ عبر قائمة انتخابية لتكون العضو الممثل لبافاريا. ثم أُعيد انتخابها لاحقًا عام 1987 بحصة أكبر من الأصوات.

شاركت بترا كيلي عام 1981 في احتجاج حضره 400 ألف شخص في بون ضد الأسلحة النووية. في عام 1982، كتب غيرهارد شرودر مقالة في دي تسايت عن كتاب مبدأ الحياة (Prinzip Leben)، الذي حررته كيلي مع جو لينين، والذي ناقش المشكلات البيئية والحرب النووية المحتملة. في نفس العام، حصلت كيلي على على جائزة رايت ليفيلهوود (جائزة نوبل البديلة)«... لصياغة وتنفيذ رؤية جديدة توحد الشواغل البيئية مع نزع السلاح، والعدالة الاجتماعية، وحقوق الإنسان».

في 12 مايو 1983 نشرت كيلي، وجيرت باستيان، وثلاثة آخرين من أعضاء البوندستاغ التابعين لحزب الخضر لافتة تقول «الخضر - سيوف إلى محاريث» على واجهات ميدان ألكسندر في برلين الشرقية. بعد اعتقالهم لفترة وجيزة، اجتمعوا مع أحزاب المعارضة في ألمانيا الشرقية. سمحت سلطات ألمانيا الشرقية بذلك إذ أن الخضر الألمانيين الغربيين كانوا قد رفضوا قرار حلف شمال الأطلسي مزدوج المسار. في أكتوبر 1983، التقى إريش هونيكر، زعيم جمهورية ألمانيا الديمقراطية (ألمانيا الشرقية)، بترا كيلي، وجيرت باستيان وغيرهم من الخضر. ارتدت كيلى في الاجتماع كنزة صوفية عليها عبارة «سيوف إلى محاريث». وطالبت بالإفراج عن جميع سجناء حركة السلام في ألمانيا الشرقية وسألت هونيكر عن سبب قمعه في جمهورية ألمانيا الديمقراطية لشيء يؤيده في الغرب.

كتبت كيلي كتاب قتال من أجل الأمل عام 1984، ونشرته ساوث إند برس. يعتبر الكتاب دعوة عاجلة لعالم خالٍ من العنف بين الشمال والجنوب، الرجال والنساء، أنفسنا وبيئتنا.

في السنوات الأخيرة من حياتها، أصبحت كيلي متباعدة بشكل متزايد عن معظم زملائها في الحزب بسبب التحول العملي الذي اتخذه حزب الخضر في ذلك الوقت، بينما واصلت معارضة أي تحالف مع الأحزاب السياسية التقليدية.

مقتلها
في 19 أكتوبر 1992، اكتُشِفت الجثتان المتحللتان لكيلي وشريكها، الجنرال السابق والسياسي التابع لحزب الخضر جيرت باستيان (من مواليد 1923)، في غرفة نوم منزلها في بون بواسطة رجال الشرطة بعد تلقيهم مكالمة من كلٍ من زوجة باستيان وجدة كيلي اللتيّن أبلغتا أنهما لا تعرفان شيئًا عن باستيان أو كيلي منذ بضعة أسابيع. قررت الشرطة أن كيلي قُتلت بالرصاص أثناء نومها على يد باستيان، الذي قتل نفسه بعد ذلك. كان عمرها 44 عامًا، وعمره 69 عامًا. كانت آخر مرة عرف فيها أي شخص شيئًا عن الزوجين في 30 سبتمبر 1992 عندما أرسلت كيلي طردًا إلى جدتها. قدرت الشرطة أن الوفيتيّن قد حدثتا على الأرجح في 1 أكتوبر، لكنها لم تتمكن من تحديد وقتهما بالضبط بسبب التأخر في العثور على الجثتين وحالتهما المتحللة الناتجة عن ذلك. دُفِنت كيلي في مقبرة الغابة (Waldfriedhof) في فورتسبورغ، بالقرب من قرية فورتسبورغ في فرانكونيا السفلى، بافاريا.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص قتلوا في ألمانيا
أشخاص من غونزبرغ
أعضاء البوندستاغ من ولاية بافاريا
ألمان ناشطون ضد الأسلحة النووية
دعاة سلام نسويون
سياسيات ألمانيات في القرن 20
سياسيون في الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي الألماني
ضحايا قتل ألمان
كتاب بيئة غير روائيين
كتاب سياسيون ألمان
كتاب مقالات ألمان
كتاب مقالات في القرن 20
لاعنفيون
مواليد 1947
مواليد في غونتسبورغ
مؤسسو أحزاب سياسية
ناشطات ألمانيات
ناشطو حرية التبت
ناشطون ألمان
نسويون ألمان
وفيات 1992
وفيات في بون

بترا كيلي


Türkmenbaşy (Turkmen Cyrillic: Түркменбашы, Turkmen Arabic; توركمنباشی, also spelled Turkmenbashy and Turkmenbashi, the latter a back-formation of the Cyrillic Түркменбаши), formerly known as Krasnovodsk (), Kyzyl-Su, and Shagadam (), is a city in Balkan Province in Turkmenistan, on the Türkmenbaşy Gulf of the Caspian Sea. It sits at an elevation of . The population (est 2004) was 86,800, mostly ethnic Turkmens but also Russian, Armenian and Azeri minorities. As the terminus of the Trans-Caspian Railway and site of a major seaport on the Caspian, it is an important transportation center. The city is also the site of Turkmenistan's largest oil refining complex.

This city should not be confused with the similarly named town of Türkmenbaşy (), formerly called Janga (, Cyrillic ), also in Balkan Province, or the city of Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy adyndaky in Daşoguz Province.

History
In 1717, Russian Prince Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky landed and established a secret fortified settlement on this location, where the dry bed of a former mouth of the Amu-Darya River once emptied into the Caspian Sea. His intent was to march an army up this dry riverbed and conquer the Khanate of Khiva. The expedition failed, and the Russians abandoned the settlement for over 150 years.

Krasnovodsk

In 1869, the Russians invaded a second time. Having captured the settlement, they named their fort Krasnovodsk (Красноводск), which is a Russian translation of the original name, Kyzyl-Su (Red Water). The fort, Krasnovodsk, served as Imperial Russia's base of operations against Khiva and Bukhara, as well as the semi-nomadic Turkmen tribes.

The railway had originally begun from Uzun-Ada on the Caspian Sea, but the terminus was shifted north to the harbour at Krasnovodsk.

It fell to the Red Army in February 1920.

On November 21, 1939,  was formed with its administrative center in Krasnovodsk. The oblast was repeatedly liquidated and restored (January 23, 1947, liquidated; April 4, 1952, restored; December 9, 1955, liquidated; December 27, 1973, restored; August 25, 1988, eliminated).

Türkmenbaşy
January 10, 1991, Balkan province was created, and on May 18, 1992, was designated a velayat () with its capital in Balkanabat. On 8 October 1993, Krasnovodsk was renamed by of President for Life Saparmurat Niyazov after his self-proclaimed title Türkmenbaşy ("Head of [all] Turkmens") by Resolution No. 904-XII of Turkmenistan Parliament.

The second President of Turkmenistan, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, pledged in July 2007 to invest $1 billion in a project slated to turn Türkmenbaşy into a major tourist resort.  He ordered development of the Awaza tourist zone with 60 modern hotels to be built along a  stretch of the Caspian Sea shoreline. Aside from Awaza, Türkmenbaşy city has three modern hotels: Türkmenbaşy Hotel, Charlak Hotel, and the new Silk Road Hotel at the seaport, in addition to the old Soviet-era Hazar Hotel.

In recent years, the city has undergone large-scale reconstruction: historic district, entrance roads, vital infrastructure. A new Turkish Park and the cascade of fountains. By the end of 2012 Magtymguly Avenue had been completely renovated.  The new route merged with the city's waterfront, Bahry Hazar, and from the west motorway junction at Balykçy Traffic Circle a dual carriageway leads westward out of the city along a dike across Soymonov Bay to Turkmenbashy Airport and to Awaza. In 2014, the Oilworkers Palace of Culture, which was built in 1951, was renovated.

The city is home of the Türkmendeňizderýaýollary Agency, part of the Government of Turkmenistan.

Administrative divisions
As of July 2013 the city was divided into two boroughs (): Awaza etraby (Avaza Borough) and Kenar etraby (Kenar Borough). However, on 9 November 2022, the borough of Kenar was formally abolished, leaving Turkmenbashy officially with only one borough (uly etrap), Awaza etraby.

Boroughs differ from ordinary municipal "districts" in that boroughs are led by a presidentialy appointed mayor (), whereas ordinary municipal districts are subordinate to municipal authorities. Awaza etraby, an area of 9660 hectares, includes the Awaza national tourist zone, Turkmenbashy International Airport and a small residential area.

The abolished Kenar etraby, an area of 7262 hectares, included the main part of the city of Turkmenbashy and the territory of the former town of Kenar. It encompassed the Turkmenbashy International Seaport, including the Kenar Oil Loading Terminal as well as the Kenar Oil Storage and Loading Enterprise (, ).

Geography

Climate
Türkmenbaşy has a cold desert climate (BWk, according to the Köppen climate classification), with hot summers and chilly winters. The average temperatures are 3 °C in January and 28 °C in July. With the 40°N traversing the city, summers are extremely warm for the latitude considering its maritime position. The average annual precipitation is .

Economy
Western Turkmenistan has major petroleum and natural gas reserves, and Turkmenistan's largest oil refinery is in Türkmenbaşy. The Turkmenbashy oil refinery had a refining capacity of more than 10 million tons of oil per year as of May 2016. The refinery produces a range of products, including unleaded gasoline, petroleum coke, asphalt, laundry detergent, hydro-treated diesel, and lubricating oil.  The Turkmenbashy oil refinery is Turkmenistan's largest producer of liquid petroleum gas, accounting for two-thirds of total production with annual output of about 300 thousand tonnes.

Since May 2018, the Balkan Shipbuilding and Repair Yard has been operating at the Turkmenbashy International Seaport. The plant, the capacity of which allows to process 10,000 tons of steel per year, is calculated for the construction of 4–6 ships per year. The production facility is capable of performing maintenance and repair work on 20–30 ships, by processing 2000 tons of steel per year.

Sights
 Museum of Regional History
 Gate to former Krasnovodsk fort
 Beaches
 Khazar Nature Reserve
 Natural History Museum

The central office of the State Archives of the Balkan Region is located in Turkmenbashy.

Religion
The majority of city's population, Turkmens, are Sunni Muslim.

Russian Orthodox Church
The Church of St. Michael the Archangel is a gift of the Astrakhan diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1895 it was moved to Krasnovodsk from a flooded peninsula  by Russian soldiers.

Armenian Apostolic Church
The church was built in 1903. Currently it does not function and needs a major renovation.

Sports
The city has Şagadam Stadium, at which is based the professional football club Şagadam FK.

International sporting events
In 2014, first time in history Turkmenistan hosted PWA World Tour Windsurfing.

Cellular
The city has one mobile operator : Altyn Asyr, which was implemented in 2007, and which has a 4G technology network with LTE since 2010. The 4G network covers all areas of the city and the Turkmenbashi International Airport.

Internet access services and cable TV are provided by the operator Turkmentelecom. There is 1 internet cafe in the city.

Education
Turkmenbashi Marine Secondary Vocational School of Türkmendeňizderýaýollary Agency prepares specialists for the needs of the sea and river transport of Turkmenistan. The term of study in accordance with the specialty is 2 or 2.5 years, on a paid basis.

Culture
In the vicinity of the city of Turkmenbashi, the shooting of Soviet feature films Days of Eclipse by Alexander Sokurov, The Forty-First by Grigory Chukhray and Barkhan by Sanzhar Babayev (in the city itself) took place.

Transport
The public transport system and the relevant infrastructure in Turkmenbashy is primarily managed by the Turkmenawtoulaglary Agency. Today, the city is served by an international airport and national rail services, municipal buses, minibuses, cabs, bike lanes.

The city is important as transport junction, formed by seaport with ferry terminal, airport and railway station. The M37 highway links the seaport to points east.  The P-18 highway runs west from the seaport to Awaza, then north to the border with Kazakhstan.

Seaport
Turkmenbashy International Seaport is Turkmenistan's major seaport and sea link to the West. Ferry service connects Türkmenbaşy to Baku, Azerbaijan, which is about 260 kilometers across the Caspian Sea. It is the western terminus of the Trans-Caspian railway, which connects the city to Turkmenistan's capital Ashgabat and points further east.

In 1998, as part of its three-month expedition to the Caspian Sea, the Turkmenbashy International Seaport was visited by the Cousteau Society on the Alcyone ship).

Passenger lines as of 2021 connected Turkmenbashy with the Port of Baku, Azerbaijan, and the Port of Olya, Russia.

In 2014, a sea passenger terminal for domestic routes  was opened in the port. On the internal lines, the city is connected with Hazar and Gyzylsuw.

In 2018, a new modernized seaport was opened, the largest on the Caspian Sea. The area of the new port is over 1.3 km2, and the total berth length is 3.6 km. The throughput capacity of the cargo terminal is up to 18 million tons per year.

Railway station

The Turkmenbashy railway station was built in 1895 by the architect . The station building is one of the most beautiful on the entire Central Asian railway. Railway station square is adjacent to the memorial to the soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War. From Turkmenbashy daily runs train No. 605/606 to Ashgabat.

Airport
Initially in 1940 the airport was located at the bottom of the plateau, near Krasnovodsk Hospital. During World War II it was transferred to the top of the plateau and the airfield was collocated with a Soviet Air Force base. In 2010 the airport was reconstructed and gained international status. It has two runways. Turkmenistan Airlines provides direct flights from Turkmenbashy International Airport to Ashgabat, Daşoguz, Mary, Istanbul and Türkmenabat. The airport can be reached by bus or car from the city, taking approximately 10–15 minutes by car.

Buses
Turkmenbashi 's bus network forms a crucial backbone of the city's transit system. For almost a decade, Hyundai Aero City buses of various modifications were serving the city.

The city is also connected to Ashgabat, Balkanabat and Garabogaz by bus.

International relations

Consulates
Two consular offices are found in Türkmenbaşy.
 Consular Office of Russia
 Consulate of Kazakhstan

Twin towns – Sister cities
 Jūrmala, Latvia

See also
 Cave of Dzhebel

References

External links

  Krasnovodsk.net

Populated places in Balkan Region
Transcaspian Oblast
Populated places on the Caspian Sea
Populated places established in 1869
Populated coastal places in Turkmenistan
1869 establishments in the Russian Empire
Port cities and towns of the Caspian Sea

Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan


Solange Berry (* 23. November 1932 in Charleroi; † 26. Januar 2018 in La Baule-Escoublac, Frankreich) war eine belgische Sängerin.

Ihr Chanson Dis-moi quelque chose de gentil war im Film Und immer lockt das Weib zu hören.

Sie wurde ausgewählt, Luxemburg beim Eurovision Song Contest 1958 in Hilversum zu vertreten. Ihr Chanson Un grand amour landete mit Platz 9 auf dem letzten Platz. Sie versuchte sich 1960 noch einmal bei der belgischen Vorauswahl des Wettbewerbs, unterlag dann aber Fud Leclerc. Sie hat insgesamt nur wenige Singles veröffentlicht.

Weblinks

 Diskographie bei encyclopedisque.fr

Einzelnachweise

Sänger
Musiker (Belgien)
Interpret eines luxemburgischen Beitrags beim Eurovision Song Contest
Belgier
Geboren 1932
Gestorben 2018
Frau

Solange Berry