Capitol Hill is a densely populated residential district in Seattle, Washington, United States. One of the city's most popular nightlife and entertainment districts, it is home to a historic gay village and vibrant counterculture community.

History

In the early 1900s Capitol Hill was known as 'Broadway Hill' after the neighborhood's main thoroughfare. The origin of its current name is disputed. James A. Moore, the real estate developer who platted much of the area, reportedly gave it the name in the hope that the Washington State Capitol would move to Seattle from Olympia. Another story claims that Moore named it after the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Denver, Colorado, his wife's hometown. According to author Jacqueline Williams, both stories are likely true. The neighborhood was frequently referred to as Catholic Hill up until the 1980s due to its large Roman Catholic population.

Capitol Hill is home to some of Seattle's wealthiest neighborhoods, including "Millionaire's Row" along 14th Avenue E. south of Volunteer Park (family residences on tree-lined streets) and the Harvard-Belmont Landmark District. The neighborhood is home to many distinguished apartment houses, including several by Fred Anhalt, as well as a few surviving Classical Revival complexes such as the Blackstone Apartments. The neighborhood's architecture did not fare so well in the post-World War II period; architect Victor Steinbrueck wrote in 1962 of the "tremendous growth of less-than-luxury apartments" that at first "appear to be consistent with the clean, direct approach associated with contemporary architecture" but whose "open outdoor corridors" totally defeat their "large 'view' windows" by giving occupants no privacy if they leave their blinds open to enjoy the view. He added, "most tenants close their blinds and look for another apartment when their lease runs out."

During the George Floyd protests of 2020, Cal Anderson Park and surrounding blocks along Pike and Pine Streets near the SPD East Precinct were occupied by protesters and declared the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone (CHAZ).

Geography
Capitol Hill is situated on a steep hill just east of the city's downtown central business district. It is bounded by Interstate 5 (I-5) to the west (beyond which are Downtown, Cascade, and Eastlake); to the north by State Route 520 and Interlaken Park (beyond which are Portage Bay and Montlake); to the south by E. Pike and E. Madison Streets (beyond which are First Hill and the Central District); and to the east by 23rd and 24th Avenues E. (beyond which is Madison Valley).

Capitol Hill's main thoroughfare is Broadway, the commercial heart of the district. Other major streets in the area are 10th, 12th, 15th, and 19th Avenues, all running north–south, and E. Pine, E. Pike, E. John, E. Thomas, and E. Aloha Streets and E. Olive Way, running east–west. Of these streets, large portions of E. Pike Street, E. Pine Street, Broadway, 15th Avenue, and E. Olive Way are lined almost continuously with street-level retail. The Pike-Pine corridor (the area between Pike and Pine streets) from Boren Avenue through 15th Street is another main thoroughfare in Capitol Hill, full of coffee shops, bars, restaurants, and other food and music businesses. The neighborhood is largely characterized by mid-rise buildings occupied by an eclectic mix of businesses.

The highest point on Capitol Hill, at  above sea level, is in Volunteer Park, adjacent to the water tower. Capitol Hill is also the location of half of Seattle's 12 steepest street grades: 21% on E. Roy Street between 25th and 26th Avenues E. (eastern slope), 19% on E. Boston Street between Harvard Avenue E. and Broadway E. (western slope) and on E. Ward Street between 25th and 26th Avenues E. (eastern slope), and 18% on E. Highland Drive between 24th and 25th Avenues E. (eastern slope), on E. Lee Street between 24th and 25th Avenues E. (eastern slope), and on E. Roy Street between Melrose and Bellevue Avenues E. (western slope).

Transportation

The Link light rail system's Capitol Hill station is served by the 1 Line and opened in March 2016 as part of the University Link extension. The 1 Line connects the neighborhood to the University of Washington campus to the north, and Downtown Seattle to the south. The station is located along Broadway south of John Street and Olive Way.

The First Hill Streetcar line, which opened in January 2016, terminates in the neighborhood on Broadway at Denny Way, just south of the Link light rail station. Capitol Hill was previously served by city-run streetcars until 1940.

Bus transit service to and within Capitol Hill is provided by King County Metro, including routes 10, 12, 43 and 49 of the Seattle trolleybus system. The City of Seattle and King County Metro are under construction on the Rapid Ride G bus line along Madison Street, connecting from downtown Seattle, through First Hill, then Capitol Hill, and beyond to Madison Valley and Madison Park. The bus line will include 6-minute headways during peak times, and center-boarding stations between 9th and 13th avenues.

Culture

Arts and entertainment

Capitol Hill has a reputation as a bastion of musical culture in Seattle and is the neighborhood most closely associated with the grunge scene from the early 1990s, although most of the best-known music venues of that era were actually located slightly outside the neighborhood. The music scene has transformed since those days and now a variety of genres (electronica, rock, punk, folk, salsa, hip hop and trance) are represented.

The neighborhood figures prominently in nightlife and entertainment, with many bars hosting live music and with numerous fringe theatres. Most of the Hill's major thoroughfares are dotted with coffeehouses, taverns and bars, and residences cover the gamut from modest motel-like studio apartment buildings to some of the city's most historic mansions, with the two types sometimes shoulder-to-shoulder.

Capitol Hill is also home to two of the city's best-known movie theaters, both of which are part of the Landmark Theatres chain. Both theaters are architectural conversions of private meeting halls: the Harvard Exit (now closed permanently) in the former home of the Woman's Century Club (converted in the early 1970s) and the Egyptian Theatre, in a former Masonic lodge (converted in the mid-1980s). There is also Seattle's only cinematheque, the Northwest Film Forum, which in addition to screening films, teaches classes on filmmaking and produces film alongside Seattle's burgeoning filmmaking community. These theaters respectively host showings for the Seattle International Film Festival (SIFF) and the Seattle Lesbian & Gay Film Festival every year. The Broadway Performance Hall, located on the campus of Seattle Central College (SCC), also hosts a variety of lectures, performances, and films. The cast of MTV's Real World Seattle: Bad Blood lived in and were filmed in Capitol Hill during 2016.

Since 1997, Capitol Hill has hosted the Capitol Hill Block Party annually in late July, an outdoor music festival that occurs on Pike Street between Broadway and 12th Ave and Union and Pine Street.

Coffeehouses

Besides the large Seattle-based chains—Starbucks, Seattle's Best Coffee (now owned by Starbucks), and Tully's Coffee—Capitol Hill has been home to some of the city's most prominent locally owned coffeehouses. David Schomer's Espresso Vivace on Broadway is credited as the birthplace of artisanal coffee culture and latte art in Seattle and the United States as a whole. The neighborhood is also considered a test market for coffeehouses by Starbucks Corporation, which placed two stealth Starbucks stores on Capitol Hill in 2009 and 2011 that were later closed by 2019.

LGBTQ community

A bourgeoning counterculture community on Capitol Hill in the mid-20th century became a magnet for LGBTQ people seeking community acceptance at a time when the city's earlier gay capital in Downtown Seattle's (notoriously rowdy) Pioneer Square was in decline. As a result, large-scale gay residential settlement of Capitol Hill began in the early 1960s, and the district continues to be home to a sizable number of LGBTQ people, making Capitol Hill Seattle's "gayborhood".

The roots of the LGBTQ community on Capitol Hill can be traced to a change in the demographics and culture of the city as a whole in the 1950s and 1960s. LGBTQ Seattleites had long congregated in Pioneer Square, often interchangeably termed "Skid Road," and had built up a community in establishments such as the Double Header, the Casino, and the Garden of Allah (just north of the neighborhood). When the neighborhood, which houses many notable works of Victorian and Edwardian architecture, was targeted for urban renewal (and perhaps even prior), the Seattle Police Department engaged in extortion, allowing illegal homosexual practices and cross-dressing to continue only in bars which paid them off. The payoffs did not always guarantee security, and in 1966, citing alarm over the city's widespread image as a bastion of gay culture and tolerance, SPD planned a major house-cleaning of the gay bars in Pioneer Square. The gay community then began to migrate out of Downtown Seattle.

The rise of American counterculture on the west coast took place during the same period. Although the University District, home to sites such as the Ave, the University of Washington, Parrington Lawn or "Hippie Hill", the Last Exit On Brooklyn coffeehouse, and the Blue Moon Tavern, was the primary hub of 1960s counterculture in Seattle, Capitol Hill also experienced a very noticeable influx of artistic and bohemian life. Largely driven by low rent from "white flight" in the steadily disappearing "auto row" of Capitol Hill's Pike-Pine Corridor neighborhood, LGBTQ Seattleites began to build the foundations of a community of their own deep in the structure of this evolving neighborhood.

After the Elite Tavern, the first gay bar on Broadway, opened in the 1950s, the LGBTQ community on the Hill began to grow parallel to its decline in Pioneer Square. By the late 1960s, Capitol Hill was primed to become the local home base of the gay liberation movement and community throughout the decade following the Stonewall riots of 1969 in New York City.

Capitol Hill was the birthplace of many notable LGBTQ organizations during the first 25 years of the gay rights movement. In July 1969, only a few days after the Stonewall riots, the Dorian Society opened Dorian House in Capitol Hill's Hilltop neighborhood, a locale which soon became an important hub of LGBTQ youth outreach. Now called Seattle Counseling Service, it was the first mental health organization in the United States specializing in affirming treatment of ostracized LGBTQ youth. In 1974, the Gay Community Center opened in the Hilltop area. In 1991, Lambert House LGBTQ youth community center, also in the Hilltop, opened its doors and became a model organization for queer youth outreach. After moving from Downtown in 1982, Seattle's official gay pride parades took place on Capitol Hill for several decades, and the annual festival continues to hold block parties on the Hill. In the 1980s, the Northwest AIDS Foundation, the Chicken Soup Brigade, and the Evergreen Health Advocates formed to combat the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic, and eventually merged to become the Lifelong AIDS Alliance.

The gay and bisexual male community on Capitol Hill was the epicenter of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the region. In addition to the organizations that would become Lifelong, more services were created to serve the growing health needs of the gay community in the 1990s, including Pike-Pine's Gay City Health Project, formed in 1995. Among the deceased in 1995 was Washington's first openly-gay legislator, Cal Anderson, who was the state legislative      representative for Capitol Hill and the University District. In remembrance of Anderson's legacy, Lincoln Reservoir Park, the main Olmstedian centerpiece to the urban landscape of the Broadway, Pike-Pine, and Hilltop neighborhoods which form the core of Capitol Hill's LGBTQ community, was renamed in his honor. In 2020, the plaza atop Capitol Hill light rail station adjacent to Cal Anderson Park became home to the AIDS Memorial Pathway, a permanent outdoor public art gallery commemorating victims of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In 2019, the block of E Denny Way at the light rail station that connects Broadway to Cal Anderson Park was renamed E Barbara Bailey Way, after a notable small business owner and LGBTQ rights activist.

During Pride week of 2015, eleven permanent rainbow crosswalks were painted in the Capitol Hill portion of the Pike-Pine corridor.

In 1993, the oldest gay bar on Broadway, the Elite Tavern, was bombed by neo-Nazis. Capitol Hill has become the target of an increasing number of anti-LGBTQ hate crimes in the early 21st century.

Landmarks and institutions

Registered Historic Places  on Capitol Hill include the Harvard-Belmont Landmark District, in which is located the original building of the Cornish College of the Arts; Volunteer Park, in which are the Seattle Asian Art Museum and Volunteer Park Conservatory; and The Northwest School.

In addition to Volunteer Park, parks on Capitol Hill include Cal Anderson Park, Louisa Boren Park, Interlaken Park, Roanoke Park, Pendleton Miller Park, and Thomas Street Park. Lake View Cemetery, containing the graves of Bruce Lee and his son Brandon Lee, lies directly north of Volunteer Park, and the Grand Army of the Republic Cemetery is further north.

Also on the Hill are The Northwest School, Seattle Academy of Arts and Sciences, St. Joseph School, Holy Names Academy, Seattle Hebrew Academy, Seattle Preparatory School, Seattle University, Seattle Central Community College, and St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral. Additionally, Seattle University is located south of Madison Street, and is considered to be either in Capitol Hill or First Hill.

The oldest African-American church in Seattle is located on 14th Avenue, between E Pike and E Pine streets. The First African Methodist Episcopal Church was originally incorporated in 1891 as the Jones Street Church (when 14th Avenue was called Jones Street). The church was constructed in 1912, replacing the large house where congregations previously met, on the same site. The church structure was designated as a Seattle landmark in 1984.

The First Methodist Protestant Church of Seattle, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, was remodeled and is now occupied by a design and marketing firm.

There is one Jewish synagogue near Capitol Hill. Temple De Hirsch Sinai, whose Alhadeff Sanctuary was designed by B. Marcus Priteca, among others, is just south of Madison Street, placing it technically in the Central District.

In 2021, St Patrick's church on East Edgar Street was named as one of three Catholic churches facing closure in a reorganization plan by the Archdiocese of Seattle.

References

 Kathryn McGrath, "Clubless in Seattle", University of Washington Daily Online, October 3, 1996: on the Teen Dance Ordinance.

External links

 Capitol Hill, Seattle, Washington is at coordinates
 Heather MacIntosh, Preservation in Capitol Hill, Preservation Seattle (online publication of Historic Seattle), February 2004
 The Seattle Photograph Collection, Capitol Hill - University of Washington Digital Collection

Entertainment districts in the United States
Gay villages in the United States
LGBT culture in Seattle

Capitol Hill, Seattle


Wilin Rosario (nacido el 23 de febrero de 1989 en Bonao) es un receptor dominicano que pertenece a los Pericos de Puebla en la Liga Mexicana de Béisbol. Anteriormente jugó para los Rockies de Colorado.

En 2011, Rosario hizo su debut en Grandes Ligas con los Rockies de Colorado el 6 de septiembre contra los Diamondbacks de Arizona, yéndose de 3-0 con un boleto y anotando una carrera.

Rosario fue una sensación inmediata ya que rompió el récord de un cátcher dominicano, conectando 28 Cuadrangulares, impulsando 71 carreras y terminando con un promedio de .270, Pero a pesar de estos números no fue nominado Rockie del año. Algo que criticó mucho la fanaticada.

Liga Dominicana
En la Liga Dominicana de Béisbol, Rosario milita para los Gigantes del Cibao. Hizo su debut el 14 de octubre de 2011, con las Águilas Cibaeñas ganando el premio al novato del año por haber conectado 7 cuadrangulares y remolcar 35 carreras en los dos meses de serie regular.

Recibió el Permiso de los Rockies para jugar en 2012 otra vez en la Liga de Béisbol Invernal de República Dominicana, debutó el día 25 de noviembre con un Cuadrangular y un sencillo.

El 5 de junio del 2020 fue cambiado a los Gigantes del Cibao por el relevista Junior Fernández.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
MLB
Fangraphs
The Baseball Cube

Beisbolistas de República Dominicana
Receptores de República Dominicana
Beisbolistas de Colorado Rockies
Beisbolistas de las Águilas Cibaeñas
Nacidos en la provincia Monseñor Nouel
ko:윌린 로사리오#Wilin Rosario

Wilin Rosario


An Juncus atratus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Anton Johann Krocker. An Juncus atratus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Juncus, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Juncus

Juncus atratus


O Torneio Extra de Porto Alegre de 1947, foi a 3ª edição da competição na cidade de Porto Alegre.

Participantes

Classificação

Partidas

Desempate

 Renner: Ewerton; Pedro e Bedeu; José, Neco (Badanha) e Heitor; Nirinho, Hormar (Cabano), Guido, Ruy Motorzinho e Medina.
 Internacional: Ivo; Alfeu e Nena; Viana, Táboa e Abigail; Tesourinha, Villalba, Adãozinho, Fandiño (Eliseu) e Carlitos.

Premiação

Artilheiros

Ver também
 Campeonato Citadino de Porto Alegre de 1947

1947
Futebol de 1947 no Brasil

Torneio Extra de Porto Alegre de 1947


Sundays Sermons é uma música feita pela cantora americana de música cristã contemporânea Anne Wilson. Foi lançada no 14 de janeiro do ano de 2022 como o segundo single de seu primeiro álbum de estúdio, My Jesus (2022). Anne Wilson coescreveu a música com Ben Glover e Jeff Sojka. A canção alcançou o quinto lugar na parada de melhores músicas cristãs dos Estados Unidos.

Atecedentes
Em 10 de janeiro de 2022, Wilson falou que lançaria um novo single intitulado Sundays Sermons no dia 14 de janeiro, aproveitando a música para pré-venda digital e também oferecendo aos fãs um trecho da música enviado por mensagem de texto. A canção foi lançada em 14 de janeiro de 2022, sendo acompanhada por um lyric video da música. Sundays Sermons veio depois do lançamento do single de estreia My Jesus e do single com tema natalino I Still Believe in Christmas, de 2021.

Canções de 2022
Singles de 2022

Sunday Sermons


Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Koloproktologie e.V. (DGK) ist eine wissenschaftliche Fachgesellschaft.

Der Vereinszweck ist die Förderung von Wissenschaft und Forschung und die Berufsbildung im Bereich der Koloproktologie. Dies soll z. B. durch regelmäßige wissenschaftliche Veranstaltungen und Kongresse, Förderung der Weiterbildung in der Koloproktologie und durch Unterstützung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses, z. B. durch die Vergabe von Stipendien erreicht werden.

Der Verein vergibt seit 2003 den Jens J. Kirsch-Preis für herausragende Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Koloproktologie und seit 2004 den Poster-Preis für die beste Posterpräsentation auf dem Gebiet der Koloproktologie im Rahmen des seit 1997 jährlich in München stattfindenden Deutschen Koloproktologen-Kongresses. Dieser ist nach eigenen Angaben "[d]ie jährlich größte wissenschaftliche Veranstaltung auf dem Gebiet der Koloproktologie […]". Der 44. Deutsche Koloproktologen-Kongress vom  15.–17. März 2018 zählte rund 1.300 Besucher.

Sitz des Vereins und der Geschäftsstelle in Freiburg im Breisgau. 2018 hatte die DGK nach eigenen Angaben 770 Mitglieder.

Die AWMF nahm die DGK 2001 als Mitglied auf.

Der Verein ist Mitglied in der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften.

Vorstand
2017 wurde auf der Mitgliederversammlung eine Satzungsänderung beschlossen. Der Vorstand besteht nun aus 5 Personen: Präsident, 1. Vizepräsident, 2. Vizepräsident, Generalsekretär und Schatzmeister.
 Präsident: Martin E. Kreis
 1. Vizepräsident: Stefan Post
 2. Vizepräsident: Reinhard Ruppert
 Generalsekretär: Alexander Herold
 Schatzmeister: Thomas Schiedeck

Publikationsorgan "coloproctology"
Das offizielle Publikationsorgan ist die sechsmal jährlich erscheinende Zeitschrift coloproctology. Die Zeitschrift ist das offizielle Verbandsorgan der DGK, des Berufsverbandes der Coloproktologen Deutschlands (BCD), der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Coloproctologie (ACP), der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, der Schweizerischen Arbeitsgruppe für Koloproktologie (SAKP) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurogastroenterologie und Motilität.

"Manual der Koloproktologie"
Im September 2019 veröffentlichte die DGK mit dem zweibändigen Manual der Koloproktologie nach eigenen Angaben "[...] als eine der ersten medizinischen Fachgesellschaften das Standardwerk ihres Fachgebiets unter den Bedingungen des Open Access  und füllt damit den modernen Gedanken der freien Verfügbarkeit von Wissen und Weiterbildung mit Leben." Ziel sei es "[...] allen Vertretern aus den verschiedenen Fachbereichen der Medizin, die sich für Koloproktologie interessieren, eine Grundlage zu bieten, ihr Wissen zu intensivieren."

Nach Angaben des Verlags bietet Band 1 "[...] aktuelles und praxisorientiertes Wissen zu den Grundlagen, Hämorrhoidalleiden, Analfissur,  [...], sowie [zu] spezielle[n] Sondersituationen wie Schwangerschaft, Kinder-Proktologie, [...] und Gynäkologie in der Koloproktologie." Band 2 biete zusätzlich "[...] Wissen zu Rektumprolaps, Divertikelerkrankung, [...], Colitis ulcerosa, Morbus Crohn, [...], [diversen Karzinomen], [...] und abdominelle [sic] Fisteln."

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website
 coloproctology bei Springer Science+Business Media
 Manual der Koloproktologie, Band 1 bei De Gruyter
 Manual der Koloproktologie, Band 2 bei De Gruyter

Literatur
 Alexander Herold, Thomas Schiedeck (Hrsg.): Manual der Koloproktologie, Band 1. 1. Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-11-061446-6.
 Alexander Herold, Thomas Schiedeck (Hrsg.): Manual der Koloproktologie, Band 2. 1. Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-11-061458-9.

Einzelnachweise

Internistische Fachgesellschaft
Verein (Freiburg im Breisgau)
Gegründet 1990


is a town in Tamana District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

As of October 1, 2016, the town has an estimated population of 9,572 and a density of 140 persons per km². The total area is 68.92 km².
The town's main crops are rice and bamboo.

References

External links

Nankan official website

Towns in Kumamoto Prefecture

Nankan, Kumamoto


Lynn S. Hightower, née en  à Chattanooga dans le Tennessee, est une romancière américaine, auteure de roman policier et de science-fiction.

Biographie

Lynn S. Hightower a grandi dans le Kentucky. Elle a étudié l'écriture créative et a obtenu un diplôme en journalisme de l'université du Kentucky. Elle a d'abord écrit des publicités pour la télévision, puis a commencé à étudier pour une maîtrise en administration des affaires.

Elle a également enseigné l'écriture de romans (écriture créative) à l'université de Californie à Los Angeles.

Elle a écrit plusieurs séries de romans policiers. En 1994, elle a reçu le prix Shamus du meilleur premier roman policier pour .

Œuvre

Romans

Série David Silver

Série Lena Paget

Série Sonora Blair

Autres romans

Nouvelles

Prix et distinctions

Prix
 Prix Shamus 1994 du meilleur premier roman pour Les Agneaux de Satan (Satan's Lambs)

Nominations
 Prix Locus du meilleur premier roman 1992 pour Alien Blues
 Prix Mary-Higgins-Clark 2001 pour The Debt Collector

Notes et références

Liens externes

  Bbibliographie

Naissance en 1956
Naissance à Chattanooga
Romancière américaine du XXe siècle
Romancière américaine du XXIe siècle
Nouvelliste américain du XXe siècle
Nouvelliste américain du XXIe siècle
Auteur américain de roman policier
Écrivain américain de science-fiction
Étudiant de l'université du Kentucky

Lynn S. Hightower


A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity é um dos três livros escritos pelo matemático britânico Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker sobre a história da teoria eletromagnética, cobrindo o desenvolvimento do eletromagnetismo clássico, ótica e teorias do éter. A primeira edição do livro, com o subtítulo from the Age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century, foi publicada em 1910 por Longmans, Green. O livro cobre a história das teorias do éter e o desenvolvimento da teoria eletromagnética até o século XX. Uma segunda edição, ampliada e revisada, composta por dois volumes, foi lançada no início da década de 1950 por Thomas Nelson, expandindo o escopo do livro para incluir o primeiro quartel do século XX. O primeiro volume, com o subtítulo The Classical Theories, foi publicado em 1951 e serviu como uma edição revisada e atualizada do primeiro livro. O segundo volume, intitulado The Modern Theories (1900–1926), foi publicado dois anos depois em 1953, estendendo este trabalho cobrindo os anos de 1900 a 1926. Não obstante uma notória controvérsia sobre as opiniões de Whitaker sobre a história da relatividade especial, cobertos no volume dois da segunda edição, os livros são considerados referências autorizadas na história da eletricidade e do magnetismo, bem como clássicos da história da física.

O livro original foi bem recebido, mas ficou esgotado no início da década de 1920. Whittaker acreditava que uma nova edição deveria incluir os desenvolvimentos da física ocorridos na virada do século XX e recusou-se a reimprimi-la. Ele escreveu a segunda edição do livro após sua aposentadoria e publicou The Classical Theories em 1951, que também recebeu elogios da crítica. No segundo volume de 1953, The Modern Theories (1900-1926), Whittaker argumentou que Henri Poincaré e Hendrik Lorentz desenvolveram a teoria da relatividade especial antes de Albert Einstein, uma afirmação que foi rejeitada pela maioria dos historiadores da ciência. Embora as críticas gerais do livro tenham sido geralmente positivas, devido ao seu papel nessa disputa de prioridade da relatividade, ele recebe muito menos citações do que os outros volumes, fora as referências à controvérsia.

Links externos

Livros científicos


Piran (;  ) is a town in southwestern Slovenia on the Gulf of Piran on the Adriatic Sea. It is one of the three major towns of Slovenian Istria. The town is known for its medieval architecture, with narrow streets and compact houses. Piran is the administrative seat of the Municipality of Piran and one of Slovenia's major tourist attractions. Until the mid-20th century, Italian was the dominant language, but it was replaced by Slovene following the Istrian exodus.

History

In the pre-Roman era, the hills in the Piran area were inhabited by Illyrian Histri tribes who were farmers, hunters and fishermen. They were also pirates who disrupted Roman trade in the northern Adriatic.

The Piran peninsula was incorporated into the Roman Empire in 178 and 177 BC and settled in the following years with rural homes (villae rusticae).

The decline of the Roman Empire, from the 5th century AD onward, and incursions by the Avars and Slavs at the end of the 6th century, prompted the Roman population to withdraw into easily defensible locations such as islands or peninsulas. This started local urbanisation and by the 7th century, under Byzantine rule, Piran had become heavily fortified. Despite the defences, the Franks conquered Istria in 788 and Slavs settled in the region. By 952, Piran had become a part of the Holy Roman Empire.

The earliest reliable records of the area are in the 7th century work Cosmographia by an anonymous cleric of Ravenna. The name of the town most probably originates from the Greek "pyrrhos", which means "red", because of the reddish flysch stones commonly found in the town's area.
Some historians also refer it to "pyros", meaning fire, due to ancient lighthouses which were supposed to be on the edge of the marina.

From 1283 to 1797, the town became part of the Republic of Venice, where it was governed in a semi-autonoumous way, with a council of local noblemen assisting the Venetian delegate. Several enemy (e.g. from the Republic of Genoa) and pirate assaults were repelled during the late Middle Ages; a great pestilence hit the town in 1558, killing about two thirds of the population. The last decades of Venetian rule were marked by decadence, due to the competition with the nearby Austrian port town of Trieste.

The town was annexed to the Austrian Empire in 1797; but during the years from 1806 to 1814, it was ceded to the Napoleonic Empire. On 22 February 1812, the Battle of Pirano was fought between a British and a French ship of the line in the vicinity of Piran. This was a minor battle of the Adriatic campaign of the Napoleonic Wars.

At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Piran was an Austro-Hungarian town with over 15,000 inhabitants, roughly the same size as nearby Koper. Around 80% of the population was ethnically and culturally Italian, with a Slovene minority of around 15%. It was a flourishing market and spa town with good transport connections. The first trolleybus line in the Balkans was introduced to public service on 24 October 1909 in Piran. In 1912, it was replaced by a tramway that operated on the same route till 1953.

After the First World War, together with Trieste and all Istria, the town was ceded to Italy. There were no particular events in those years, until Italy entered the Second World War in 1940. With the defeat of the Axis powers and the rise of Tito's rule, Piran was assigned to the Free Territory of Trieste, Zone B, under Yugoslavian administration. The town was annexed to Yugoslavia in 1954, according to the London Memorandum signed together with Italy. A significant part of Piran's population chose to emigrate to Italy or abroad in the final phase of the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus, rather than stay in socialist Yugoslavia. The annexation to Yugoslavia was finally ratified with the Osimo Treaty in 1975, with the municipality becoming part of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia. Since 1991, Piran has been part of independent Slovenia.

On 24 October 2010, Slovenia became the first country of former communist Europe to elect a black mayor. The physician Peter Bossman, who came from Ghana in the late 1970s, was elected the Mayor of Piran. He officially took office at the first constitutional meeting of the Municipal Council on 12 November 2010, succeeding Tomaž Gantar. He represents the Social Democrats.

The territorial claims of Croatia and Slovenia in the Gulf of Piran remain an important matter of debate in the Croatia–Slovenia border disputes that began after the dissolution of Yugoslavia.

Culture and education

Piran is the birthplace of the composer and violinist Giuseppe Tartini, who played an important role in shaping its cultural heritage. The town's main square, Tartini Square (, ), is named after him. In 1892, the 200th anniversary of his birth, a monument to Tartini was erected in Piran. Venetian artist Antonio Dal Zotto was commissioned to create a larger-than-life bronze statue, which was mounted on its pedestal in 1896. The statue dominates the square, overlooked by the Cathedral of Saint George. The painter Cesare Dell'Acqua was also born in Piran.

Piran is the seat of the Euro-Mediterranean University of Slovenia (EMUNI), founded in 2008 as one of the cultural projects of the Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean. The Piran Coastal Galleries, a public institution encompassing a group of six public contemporary art galleries, is based in Piran.

Cultural events
Musical evenings have taken place for decades in the Greyfriars Franciscan monastery's atrium, one of the most beautiful cloister atriums in the Slovenian Littoral, which has good acoustics.

The municipality's festival is 15 October, which celebrates the foundation of the first Slovenian partisan naval detachment, named Koper, in 1944.

Geography and climate
Piran is located at the tip of the Piran peninsula on the Gulf of Piran.

To the east of the town, along the northern coastline (in the direction to Strunjan) there is a small tourist settlement named Fiesa. Piran and Fiesa are connected by a promenade along the beach. Piran has a humid subtropical climate with warm summers and cool rainy winters. Snow is rare (usually 3 days per year, almost always in traces). There are 22 days a year with maximum temperatures of  or higher; on one day a  year the temperature does not exceed . Fog appears about 4 days per year, mainly in winter.

Demographics

According to the Austrian language census of 1910, there were 7,379 inhabitants in the town proper, 95.97% Italians and 0.09% Slovenes. In 1945, the town proper had 5,035 inhabitants, 91.32% Italian and 8.54% Slovene speakers. After World War II, when Piran became a part of Yugoslavia, there was an exodus of the Italian-speakers from the region. They were replaced by Slovene settlers, both from other areas of Slovenian Istria and from interior areas of the country. In 1956 there were 3.574 inhabitants, 67.6% Slovene and 15.5% Italian.

Monuments

Piran was heavily influenced by the Venetian Republic and Austria-Hungary, therefore the monuments differ greatly from those in inner parts of Slovenia. The Piran town walls were constructed to protect the town from Ottoman incursions; many parts of the town walls from different eras remain, and are of interest to tourists. In the middle of the town is the Tartini Square, with a monument in memory of Giuseppe Tartini. Nearby are located various important buildings, such as Tartini's house, first mentioned in 1384 and one of the oldest in town, the Municipal Palace, Loggia and Benečanka, among others. On the hill above the town is the biggest and most important church, the Saint George's Church, with a Franciscan monastery nearby.

Communications and transport
There is an international airport and a marina in the vicinity of the town. The medium-wave transmitter of Radio Koper is in Piran. It transmits on 1170 kHz and has a 123.6-metre-tall guyed mast with cage antenna. The town is connected with Koper, Izola, Portorož (the location of the airport), Sečovlje and Lucija by a cheap bus line. The lines of other coastal settlements operate mostly during the tourist season.

The first trolleybus line in Slovenia entered public service on 24 October 1909 in Piran, then part of Austria-Hungary. It ran from Tartini Square along the coast and the shipyard to Portorož and Lucija. The town authorities bought five trolleybuses manufactured by Austrian company Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft. In 1912, it was replaced by a tram system that operated until 1953, when it was superseded by buses.

Sports
Pod Obzidjem Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in Piran. It is used for football matches and is the home ground of football team NK Portorož Piran. The stadium currently holds 750 spectators, 500 of them can be seated.

International relations

Twin towns and sister cities
Piran is twinned with:

 Vis, Croatia (since 1973)
 Aquileia, Italy (since 1977)
 Ohrid, North Macedonia (since 1981)
 Bjugn, Norway (since 1985)
 Castel Goffredo, Italy (since 1993)
 Indianapolis, Indiana, United States (since 2001)
 Valletta, Malta (since 2002)
 Acqualagna, Italy (since 2003)
 Mangalia, Romania (since 2012)
 Porano, Italy (since 2012)
 Karsiyaka, Turkey (since 2013)
 Sittersdorf, Austria (since 2017)
 Tivat, Montenegro (since 2018)

Gallery

References

External links

 Piran on Geopedia
 Interactive map of Piran with tourist points of interest

Populated places in the Municipality of Piran
Istria
Populated coastal places in Slovenia
Port cities and towns in Slovenia
Slovenian Riviera
Cities and towns in the Slovene Littoral
170s BC establishments

Piran


ميركو غاسباريتو  (مواليد 2 فبراير 1980 في أسولو - إيطاليا) لاعب كرة قدم إيطالي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى كييفو فيرونا الإيطالي منذ 2007 في مركز المهاجم .

ملاحظات

مراجع

مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثالثة
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الرابعة
لاعبو ايه سي براتو
لاعبو إمبولي
لاعبو إيه سي ميلان
لاعبو بيزا
لاعبو جنوى
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم من فينيتو
لاعبو كييفو فيرونا
لاعبو منتخب إيطاليا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو نادي بادوفا
لاعبو نادي فاريزي
لاعبو نادي كريمونيسي
لاعبو نادي لوميتساني
لاعبو نادي مانتوفا
مواليد 1980

ميركو غاسباريتو


An Hymenachne pernambucensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Spreng., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Fernando Omar Zuloaga. An Hymenachne pernambucensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hymenachne, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Hymenachne

Hymenachne pernambucensis


Anton Flettner, Flugzeugbau GmbH was a German helicopter and autogyro manufacturer during World War II, founded by Anton Flettner.

Flettner aircraft included:
Flettner Fl 184 - Reconnaissance autogyro, prototype
Flettner Fl 185 - Reconnaissance helicopter, prototype
Flettner Fl 265 - Reconnaissance helicopter, prototype
Flettner Fl 282 Kolibri (Hummingbird) - Reconnaissance helicopter
Flettner Fl 339 - Reconnaissance helicopter, project
Flettner Gigant - Experimental helicopter

Anton Flettner's interest in aerodynamics (specifically the Magnus effect, which produces a force from a cylinder rotating in a fluid flow) also led him to invent the Flettner rotor which he used to power a Flettner ship which crossed the Atlantic, and the Flettner ventilator which is still widely used as a cooling device for buses, vans and other commercial vehicles and which is based upon the Savonius principle.

See also
 Gyrodyne
 List of RLM aircraft designations

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Germany
Helicopter manufacturers of Germany
Defunct helicopter manufacturers of Germany

Flettner