Mediaș (; , , Transylvanian Saxon: Medwesch/Medveš/Medwisch, ) is the second largest town and municipality in Sibiu County, Transylvania, central Romania.

Geography

Mediaș is located in the middle basin of Târnava Mare River, at  from Sighișoara and  from Blaj. The health resort Bazna, officially recognized for the first time in 1302, is  from Mediaș. The health resort offers mineral water springs, rich in salts, mineral mud and a special type of salt, called "Bazna salt". The distance between Mediaș and the county's residence Sibiu is .

The city administers one village, Ighișu Nou (Eibesdorf; Szászivánfalva).

History

The first signs of human communities in the area are thought to be from the middle Neolithic period.

The name of the city comes from the Hungarian word meggy (sour cherry). The Romanian name originates in the German version, which comes from the Hungarian name (Medgyes).

In the 13th century, the kings of Hungary invited German settlers known as Transylvanian Saxons to the area, who settled in the valley of the Târnava Mare River.

 According to tradition, the town was founded in 1146, thus being one of the oldest cities in Transylvania.
 1200: Here would have lived around 100 inhabitants.
 1267: The first document that mentions the city (as Mediesy) is dated 3 June 1267.
 1283: Another reference appears in a document: Mediaș is listed as "villa Medgyes".
 1318: The Hungarian king Charles Robert of Anjou offers complete rights for the Sibiu region to people living in Mediaș, Șeica Mare, and Biertan.
 1359: Mediaș is called for the first time a city ("civitas"). The first seal of Mediaș was used in 1448.
 1414: The St. Margaret church was the first church built in Mediaș. The first document that notes the presence of a hospital in the city is dated 1487.
 1448: While preparing for his campaign against the Ottoman Empire, John Hunyadi passed through Mediaș.
 1490–1534: The city is fortified by the people living in Mediaș and Șeica Mare, after a document signed in 1477 by the king Matthias Corvinus's office.
 1517: Mediaș obtains the right to organise annual fairs.
 1557: The population of Mediaș was hit by leprosy. The plague has also devastated the population of Mediaș several times in history, in 1586, 1601–1604, 1633, 1646, 1653, 1656–1658, 1660–1661 and 1717–1718.
 1562: 34 guilds are registered.
 1586: The first mention of a school in Mediaș ("Schola civitatis").
 1611: Mediaș is plundered by the soldiers of Gabriel Báthory.
 1705: The city is besieged for the last time in its history.
 1771–1781: The Johann Sifft typography started its activity.
 1822: The first gymnastics association in present-day Romania was established.
 1826: The first Romanian church in Mediaș was raised, with great effort and dedication from the Greek-Catholic Bishop Ioan Bob. During the same period, Ioan Bob established the first Romanian school in the city.
 1863: Public lighting of streets in Mediaș was established.
 1871: The agricultural school was founded and the G. A. Reisenberger typography started its activity.
 1872: The first train station was built. The current train station was built between 1963 and 1965.
 1918–1919: The city of Mediaș came under Romanian administration as a result of the Union of Transylvania with Romania and the subsequent Hungarian–Romanian War.
 1920: The city became part of the Kingdom of Romania as a result of the Treaty of Trianon. It fell within the Târnava-Mare County, and became the administrative center of plasa Mediaș.
 1950: After the establishment of the Romanian People's Republic in 1947 and the subsequent administrative reform, the city became part of the , and from 1952, the Stalin Region (renamed Brașov Region in 1960).
 1968: The old administrative division of județ was reinstated, and Mediaș became part of Sibiu County.

Demographics

In 1850, Mediaș had a population of 5,230 inhabitants, of which 2,986 were Germans (57.1%), 1,710 Romanians (32.7%), 264 Hungarians (5%), 200 Roma (3.8%), and 70 (1.3%) of other ethnicities. In 1910, the town had 8,626 inhabitants (44.8% Germans, more specifically Transylvanian Saxons, 31.6% Romanians, and 19.9% Hungarians). In 1992, there were 64,481 inhabitants. In 2022, according to that year's Romanian census postponed one year because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the figure had fallen to 39,505.

The ethnic composition in 2022 was as follows:

 87.9% Romanians
 7.6% Hungarians
 3.2% Romani
 1.2%  Germans (Transylvanian Saxons)
 0.1% Other minority ethnic groups

Administration and local politics

Town council

The town's current local council has the following multi-party political composition, based on the results of the votes cast at the 2020 Romanian local elections:

Economy

Mediaș is the second industrial center after Sibiu in the county.
From the 14th to 19th centuries, various manufacturers and professionals were members of associations based on their trades called bresle (guilds), the first two unions were the ones formed by tailors and cloth makers, in 1457. In 1698, Mediaș already had 33 unions.

In the 19th century, unions started to merge and build factories. The first factory, called "Karres", was established in 1881 and produced various leather products. In 1888, a factory that manufactured cloth and various textiles was built, followed in 1895 by a factory called "Salconserv" that produced salami and cans. The company used to produce the famous brand of salami called Salam de Sibiu, for the company "Theil & Co. A.G. Salami und Selchwarenfabrik", located in Sibiu.

In 1921, Mediaș started to manufacture windows. The factory is now called Geromed and extended its products with blackboards, mirrors, windscreens and stained glass. In the same year, a factory now called Emailul started to produce enameled pots, mugs and dishes.

The "Vitrometan" factory was built in 1922 and produces various glass products, including porcelain, light bulbs and mirrors. "Relee S.A" manufactures automobile components, switches, wall sockets, relays and electric motors.

Mediaș is known best for its role in production of methane gas. The area where Mediaș is located is the site of the largest natural gas field in Romania. The headquarters of Romgaz - the national gas exploitation enterprise - and of Transgaz - the natural gas carrier - are in Mediaș.

Education

Mediaș has close to 20 kindergartens and 10 schools (they are numbered, and three of them have names):

 School no. 1 – Mihai Eminescu;
 School no. 8 – ;
 School no. 9 – Hermann Oberth (German school);
 School no. 10 – Báthory István (Hungarian school).

There are also 5 high-schools in the city:

 Stephan Ludwig Roth High-School
 National School of Gas College
 Axente Sever Theoretical High-School
 Automecanica Technological College
 Mediensis Technical College

Media

Newspapers

 Monitorul de Mediaș
 Medieșeanul
 Ziarul de Mediaș

TV channels

 Nova TV

Radio stations

 Radio Mediaș 88.1 FM
 Radio Ring 90.2 FM

Tourism

Mediaș has one of the best preserved historical centers in Romania and also some well preserved medieval fortifications. One symbol of the town is the Tower of the Buglers, which is about  tall. Its construction started in the 13th century. In the 15th century it was raised to 5 tiers. The St. Margaret Church was finished at about the same time. Later, 3 more tiers were added in only two months. The roof consists of colored vitrified tiles, and four turrets were built. The tower had a guard, who would sound his bugle whenever an enemy approached.  The tower has in its southwestern corner (between the clocks) a small wooden man who rings a bell, thus announcing in advance when the clock will ring on the hour. The heavy pressure of the tower on the sandy soil is the reason why the tower is slightly tilted to the North. Between 1927 and 1930, and later in 1972, the tower was consolidated. The tilt of the tip compared with the base is .

The town lies in the middle of the area which was inhabited by Transylvanian Saxons and in an area of  around it there are dozens of fortified churches. Two of these, Biertan and Valea Viilor, are part of the Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania UNESCO World Heritage Site.

St. Margaret's Church: The fortified church was built in gothic style in 1488, with time it went through different modifications. The feeble ground structure made its tower, built in 1460, inclines. In 1550 the church was raised with three storeys and in 1551 four smaller towers were added to show that the city had a court. It was at that time that it attained its  height. In 1783 the roof-structure was changed and the small towers renovated, it was also then that the golden globe, dating from 1550, was brought down from the tower and according to tradition its content was read aloud. The tower proved to be a good spotting post. In those times the trumpeter in the tower had an important function, sounding the alert about approaching danger. If he made a mistake, he would've been thrown out from the top of the tower. From this does the towers name derive, Trumpeters tower. In this tower was ordered to be locked Vlad the Impaler, a.k.a. Dracula, by King Matthias Corvinus in 1476. On the inside walls of the church one can see 14th- or 15th-century frescoes. The altar was made in 1480 in Gothic style, and portrays the sufferings of Jesus. On the portrait, below the crucified Jesus' arm, a panorama of Vienna can be observed, thereby indicating  the portrait's origin. The church walls are also decorated with eastern wall carpets given to the church by Christians, some dating back to the 16th century. In the church there is the oldest brazen baptistry in Romania, made at the beginning of the 19th century. The canopy of the pulpit was made in 1679 by master Sigismund Moess. Its pipe-organ, from 1755, is appropriate for symphony concerts. While those concerts happen, the church benches are turned to face the pipe-organ.

The route of the Via Transilvanica long-distance trail passes through Mediaș.

Wine

The grapes and wine leaves visible in the city's coat of arms refer to the (once well-known) wine from Mediaș. For example, the wine is mentioned early in Bram Stoker's novel Dracula: "The wine was Golden Mediasch, which produces a queer sting on the tongue, which is, however, not disagreeable" (Jonathan Harker's diary, May 5, on his way to the castle of the count).

Sports

Football

 Gaz Metan Mediaș - founded in 1945 and dissolved in 2022, had played most of its history in Liga I and Liga II
 ACS Mediaș 2022 - founded in 2022, currently playing in Liga IV
Basketball
 CSM Mediaș - dissolved, had played in Division A.
Cycling
 The annual mountain bike marathon (in Romanian: Maratonul Medieval Mediaș) is a popular bicycle race usually held in June.

Natives

  (b. 1946), historian
 Marius Baciu (b. 1975), football player
  (1805–1842), German poet
 Ionuț Buzean (b. 1982), football player
 Iulian Cristea (b. 1994),football player
  (1913–1976), doctor
 Giulio Gari (1909–1994), tenor
  (b. 1956), politician
  (b. 1984), film director and writer
 Margareta Keszeg (b. 1965), middle distance runner
 Laura Codruța Kövesi (b. 1973), prosecutor, the first European Chief Prosecutor and the former chief prosecutor of Romania's National Anticorruption Directorate, born in Sfântu Gheorghe, raised in Mediaș
 Paul Traugott Meissner (1778–1864), Austrian chemist
 Alexandru Munteanu (b. 1987), football player
 Estelle Nathan (1871–1949), Austrian-British painter
 Darius Olaru (b. 1998), football player
 Paul Pîrvulescu (b. 1998), football player
 George Puflea (1883–1950s), early aviator, he flew in the First Balkan War, in the Mexican Revolution, in World War I, and in early American and Mexican civil aviation
 Cristian Pustai (b. 1967), football player and manager
 Stephan Ludwig Roth (1796–1849), Transylvanian Saxon intellectual, teacher, pedagogue, revolutionary leader, and Evangelical Lutheran pastor
 Adrian Andrei Rusu (b. 1951), researcher in Romanian medieval archaeology
 Christian Schesaeus (1535–1585), Transylvanian Saxon humanist, poet, and a Lutheran pastor
 Ruxandra Sireteanu (1945–2008), biophysicist and neuroscientist who undertook pioneering research into the human visual system
 Willie Schneider (b. 1963), German skeleton racer
  (b. 1963), TV host
  (1910–2003), historian
 Michael Weiß (1569–1612), Transylvanian Saxons politician and historian

International relations

Twin towns — sister cities

Mediaș is twinned with:

  Cricova, Moldova
  Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
  De Fryske Marren, Netherlands

  Mineral Wells, United States
  Sopron, Hungary

References

External links

 Webcam located in "Corneliu Coposu" square
 Mediaş Transylvanian beauty in transition
 Heimatgemeinschaft Mediasch e. V.

Mediaș
Cities in Romania
Populated places in Sibiu County
Localities in Transylvania
German communities in Romania

Mediaș


Bačvice  je naseljeno mjesto u općini Travnik, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Nalazi se zapadno od općinskog središta i južno od Turbeta.

Stanovništvo

1991.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 1991. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 747

 Muslimani - 616
 Srbi - 107
 Hrvati - 1
 Jugoslaveni - 15
 ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 8

2013.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 2013. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 574

 Bošnjaci - 569
 Hrvati - 2
 ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 3

Izvori

Naselja u županiji Središnja Bosna
Travnik

Bačvice (Travnik, BiH)


Yıldız Geçidi, bilimkurgu türünde medya serisi.
 Yıldız Geçidi (cihaz), Gezegenler arası yolculuk sağlayan kurgusal cihaz.

Yıldız Geçidi filmleri

 Stargate (film)
 Stargate: The Ark of Truth
 Stargate: Continuum
 Stargate: Extinction

Yıldız Geçidi televizyon dizileri
 Stargate: SG-1
 Stargate: Atlantis
 Stargate: Universe

Yıldız Geçidi oyunları
 Stargate Worlds Online

Yıldız Geçidi (anlam ayrımı)


In ancient Greek religion, Ananke (; ), from the common noun  ("force, constraint, necessity"), is the personification of inevitability, compulsion and necessity. She is customarily depicted as holding a spindle. One of the Greek primordial deities, the births of Ananke and her brother and consort, Chronos (the personification of time, not to be confused with the Titan Cronus), were thought to mark the division between the eon of Chaos and the beginning of the cosmos. Ananke is considered the most powerful dictator of fate and circumstance. Mortals and gods alike respected her power and paid her homage. Sometimes considered the mother of the Fates, she is thought to be the only being to influence their decisions (according to some sources, excepting Zeus also). According to Daniel Schowalter and Steven Friesen, she and the Fates "are all sufficiently tied to early Greek mythology to make their Greek origins likely."

The ancient Greek traveller Pausanias wrote of a temple in ancient Corinth where the goddesses Ananke and Bia (meaning force, violence or violent haste) were worshiped together in the same shrine. Ananke is also frequently identified or associated with Aphrodite, especially Aphrodite Urania, the representation of abstract celestial love; the two were considered to be related, as relatively unanthropomorphised powers that dictated the course of life. Her Roman counterpart is Necessitas ("necessity").

Etymology
"Ananke" is derived from the common Ancient Greek noun  (Ionic:  ), meaning "force, constraint or necessity." The common noun itself is of uncertain etymology. Homer refers to her being as necessity, often abstracted in modern translation (, "it is necessary to fight") or force (, "by force"). In Ancient Greek literature the word is also used meaning "fate" or "destiny" (, "fate by the daemons or by the gods"), and by extension "compulsion or torture by a superior." She appears often in poetry, as Simonides does: "Even the gods don't fight against ananke".

The pre-modern is carried over and translated (by reduction) into a more modern philosophical sense as "necessity", "logical necessity", or "laws of nature".

Mythology
In Orphic mythology, Ananke is a self-formed being who emerged at the dawn of creation with an incorporeal, serpentine form, her outstretched arms encompassing the cosmos. Ananke and Chronos are mates, mingling together in serpent form as a tie around the universe. Together they have crushed the primal egg of creation of which constituent parts became earth, heaven and sea to form the ordered universe. Ananke is the mother (or another identity) of Adrasteia, the distributor of rewards and punishments.

In the Orphic hymns, Aphrodite Urania is described as the mother of Ananke and ruler of the three Moirai:

Mother of the Moirai
The Greek philosopher Plato in his Republic discussed the parentage of the Moirai or the Fates in the following lines:And there were another three who sat round about at equal intervals, each one on her throne, the Moirai (Moirae, Fates), daughters of Ananke, clad in white vestments with filleted heads, Lakhesis (Lachesis), and Klotho (Clotho), and Atropos (Atropus), who sang in unison with the music of the Seirenes, Lakhesis singing the things that were, Klotho the things that are, and Atropos the things that are to be . . . Lakhesis, the maiden daughter of Ananke (Necessity).

Aeschylus, the famous tragedian, gave an account in his Prometheus Bound where the Moirai were called the helmsman of the goddess Ananke along with the three Erinyes:Prometheus: Not in this way is Moira (Fate), who brings all to fulfillment, destined to complete this course. Only when I have been bent by pangs and tortures infinite am I to escape my bondage. Skill is weaker by far than Ananke (Necessity).Chorus: Who then is the helmsman of Ananke (Necessity)?Prometheus: The three-shaped (trimorphoi) Moirai (Moirae, Fates) and mindful (mnêmones) Erinyes (Furies).Chorus: Can it be that Zeus has less power than they do? Prometheus: Yes, in that even he cannot escape what is foretold. Chorus: Why, what is fated for Zeus except to hold eternal sway? Prometheus: This you must not learn yet; do not be over-eager. Chorus: It is some solemn secret, surely, that you enshroud in mystery.Here Prometheus speaks of a secret prophecy, rendered ineluctable by Ananke, that any son born of Zeus and Thetis would depose the god. (In fact, any son of Thetis was destined to be greater than his father.)

In philosophical thought
In the Timaeus, Plato has the character Timaeus (not Socrates) argue that in the creation of the universe, there is a uniting of opposing elements, intellect ('nous') and necessity ('ananke'). Elsewhere, Plato blends abstraction with his own myth making: "For this ordered world (cosmos) is of a mixed birth: it is the offspring of a union of Necessity and Intellect. Intellect prevailing over Necessity by persuading (from Peitho, goddess of persuasion) it to direct most of the things that come to be toward what is best, and the result of this subjugation of Necessity to wise persuasion is the initial formation of the universe". In Victor Hugo's novel Notre-Dame of Paris, the word "Ananke" is written upon a wall of Notre-Dame by the hand of Dom Claude Frollo. In his Toute la Lyre, Hugo also mentions Ananke as a symbol of love. In 1866, he wrote:

Sigmund Freud in Civilization and Its Discontents (p. 140) said: "We can only be satisfied, therefore, if we assert that the process of civilization is a modification which the vital process experiences under the influence of a task that is set it by Eros and instigated by Ananke — by the exigencies of reality; and that this task is one of uniting separate individuals into a community bound together by libidinal ties."

Wallace Stevens, in a poem of the 1930s, writes: "The sense of the serpent in you, Ananke, / And your averted stride / Add nothing to the horror of the frost / That glistens on your face and hair." This connects with Stevens's sense of necessity or fate in his later work, especially in the collection The Auroras of Autumn.

Norbert Wiener, in his book Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, presents Ananke as the personification of scientific determinism, contrasted with Tyche as the personification of quantum indeterminacy, in the often-quoted sentence: "The chance of the quantum theoretician is not the ethical freedom of the Augustinian, and Tyche is as relentless a mistress as Ananke."

Robert Bird's essay "Ancient Terror", inspired by Léon Bakst's painting Terror Antiquus", speculates on the evolution of Greek religion, tracing it to an original belief in a single, supreme goddess. Vyacheslav Ivanov suggests that the ancients viewed all that is human and all that is revered as divine as relative and transient: "Only Fate (Eimarmene), or universal necessity (Ananke), the inevitable 'Adrasteia,' the faceless countenance and hollow sound of unknown Destiny, was absolute." Before the goddess, who is both indestructible Force of Love and absolute Fate the Destroyer, Life-Giver and Fate-Death, as well as incorporating Mnemosyne (Memory) and Gaia (Mother Earth), masculine daring and warring are impotent and transient, and the masculine order imposed by Zeus and the other Olympian Gods is artificial.

References

External links
 Theoi Project - Ananke
 Multi-lingual Dictionary
 Greek Mythological Link: Ananke

Destiny
Greek goddesses
Personifications in Greek mythology
Time and fate goddesses
Greek primordial deities
Snake goddesses
Personifications

Ananke


Vino de Calidad o Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica es una indicación geográfica española para vinos producidos y elaborados en una región, comarca, localidad o lugar determinado con uvas procedentes de los mismos, cuya calidad, reputación o características se deben al medio geográfico, al factor humano o a ambos, en lo que se refiere a la producción de la uva, a la elaboración del vino o a su envejecimiento, pero también se deben tener en cuenta factores propios del territorio en el que se produce el vino, tales como, micro climas y meso climas, puesto que estos influyen en los taninos del vino.

Esta indicación geográfica está reglamentada por la Ley de la Viña y el Vino (2003), que estipula que todos los vinos sujetos a esta indicación deben cumplir los requisitos de la misma:

Vinos
En 2022 existen en España siete regiones vitivinícolas acogidas a esta denominación registradas en la Unión Europea:
 Cangas
 Lebrija
 Sierra de Salamanca
 Valles de Benavente
 Valtiendas
 Islas Canarias
 Cebreros

Véase también
 Vino de Calidad Producido en una Región Determinada
 Anexo:Vinos de España

Referencias

Indicaciones geográficas de España

Vino de Calidad


Popular (en español: "Popular") es una versión de la cantante greco-sueca, Helena Paparizou, de la canción que representó a Suecia en Eurovisión 2011 (Popular de Eric Saade).
Está compuesta por Fredrik Kempe y producida por Peter Boström. Helena Paparizou versionó la canción para la final del Melodifestivalen 2012 cambiando la primera parte a un estilo más jazz.

Promoción

La noche del 10 de marzo fue la final del Melodifestivalen 2012 donde Helena Paparizou presentó la versión de Popular de Eric Saade con un espectáculo de estilo cabaret. A las pocas horas de su aparición en la televisión sueca, el nuevo single de la cantante greco-sueca fue publicado en iTunes de Suecia. Tuvo buena acepción por parte del público sueco y durante media semana estuvo moviéndose por el Top 50 de la lista de ventas de iTunes, llegando al puesto 28.

Listas

Referencias

Helena Paparizou

en:Popular (Eric Saade song)#Other versions

Popular (canción de Helena Paparizou)


Helen Samu Hakena (nascida Gogohe, 13 de setembro de 1955) é uma organizadora e activista pela paz e pelos direitos das mulheres de Bougainville, na Papua-Nova Guiné. Em 1992 co-fundou a Agência de Desenvolvimento da Mulher Leitana Nehan para ajudar a restaurar a paz na ilha. A organização contribui com assistência humanitária, oferece programas de educação sobre paz, questões de género e desenvolvimento comunitário e defende os direitos das mulheres e das crianças. Em 2000 o trabalho da agência foi reconhecido com o Prémio da Paz do Milénio das Nações Unidas e o Prémio da Paz do Pacífico em 2004.

Depois de a paz ter sido declarada, Hakena fez lobby para que as mulheres se envolvessem no desenvolvimento constitucional e nos processos de desarmamento, mas obteve pouco sucesso; apenas três mulheres foram incluídas na Comissão Constitucional de Bougainville e nenhuma mulher esteve envolvida no programa de eliminação de armas.

Hakena também é membro do Fórum Ásia-Pacífico sobre Mulheres, Direito e Desenvolvimento.

Publicações
 NGOs and Post-Conflict Recovery: The Leitana Nehan Women's Development Agency, Bougainville, co-editado com Peter Ninnes e Bert Jenkins (2006), ANU Press

Nascidos em 1955
Pessoas vivas
Ativistas pelos direitos da mulher
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

Helen Hakena


Ženski kuglački klub "Pitomača" (ŽKK "Pitomača"; Pitomača) je ženski kuglački klub iz Pitomače, Virovitičko-podravska županija, Republika Hrvatska.
U sezoni 2020./21. klub se natječe u "2. hrvatskoj ligi za žene - Istok", ligi drugog stupnja hrvatske kuglačke lige za žene.

 O klubu ŽKK "Pitomača" od osamostaljenja Hrvatske je nastupao u skupinama "1. B lige" i "2. hrvatske lige", te u sezoni 1995./96. u "1. A lige za žene".
Od 1993. do 2002. godine su nastupali pod nazivom "Duhanprodukt"''.
Za nastupe i treninge koriste kuglanu u Pitomači.

Uspjesi

Ekipno
 1. B HKL - Sjever
 prvak: 1994./95.
 drugoplasirani: 1996./97.

Pojedinačno (po disciplinama)

Pregled plasmana po sezonama

Poznate igračice

Unutarnje poveznice
 Kuglački klub Pitomača

Vanjske poveznice
 kuglanje.hr, ŽKK Pitomača
 kuglanje.hr, Ženski kuglački klub Pitomača - 810195
 sportilus.com, ŽENSKI KUGLAČKI KLUB PITOMAČA

Izvori

 library.foi.hr, "Virovitički list - županijski tjednik", br. 1851, (1/1994), god. XLII, izdano 7. siječnja 1994., str. 12 (Šport), preuzeto 8. studenog 2020.
 kuglanje.hr, Kuglana: Pitomača, pristupljeno 8. studenog 2020.
 kuglacki-savez-os.hr, Kuglana: Pitomača, pristupljeno 8. studenog 2020.
 poslovna.hr, ŽENSKI KUGLAČKI KLUB PITOMAČA
 pitomaca.hr, Sportski klubovi i udruge na području općine Pitomača, pristupljeno 8. studenog 2020.
 fininfo.hr, ŽKK "PITOMAČA"
 bisnode.hr, ŽENSKI KUGLAČKI KLUB "PITOMAČA"
 companywall.hr, ŽENSKI KUGLAČKI KLUB PITOMAČA
 mojatvrtka.net, ŽENSKI KUGLAČKI KLUB PITOMAČA

Hrvatski ženski kuglački klubovi
Pitomača
Pitomača

Ženski kuglački klub Pitomača


Rubycon je šesti studijski album njemačke elektroničke glazbene grupe Tangerine Dream. Diskografska kuća Virgin Records objavila ga je 21. ožujka 1975. godine.

Skupina na Rubyconu nastavlja razvijati krautrock utememljen na sekvenceru, a koji je u glazbu uvela naslovnom skladbom s uratka Phaedra.

Iako nije nadmašio broj prodanih primjeraka Phaedre, Rubycon se pojavio na desetom mjestu britanske ljestvice albuma, na kojoj je ostao 14 tjedana. Ujedno je i najviše mjesto na toj ljestvici koje je skupina ikad zauzela.

Glazbeni stil
Uradak se sastoji od dviju dugačkih skladbi, od kojih svaka traje dulje od 17 minuta. "Rubycon, Part One", koja zauzima A-stranu ploče, "raste i opada u napetim prijelazima jeke i melotronskih zborova dok se melodije primitivnog sekvencera uzdižu na površinu". "Rubycon, Part Two" čini cijelu B-stranu i "započinje na prekrasno jeziv način" prije nego što se "vrate arpeđa na sintesajzeru i preuzmu kontrolu nad skladbom".

Recenzije
Glenn Swan, recenzent sa stranice AllMusic, albumu je dodijelio četiri i pol zvjezdica od njih pet i izjavio: "Članovi Tangerine Dreama nastavili su dorađivati svoje radove kao pioniri ranih dana elektroničke glazbe, a sredina 1970-ih postala je vrijeme blagostanja i glazbenog razvitka za taj trio, koji su činili Chris Franke, rani član Peter Baumann i stalni frontmen Edgar Froese. Njih trojica dosljedno su stvarala tajnovite svemirske albume, a to što su se postupno navikavali na rane sintesajzere (koji su tad bili najkvalitetnija roba na tržištu) pretvorilo ih je u virtuoze žanra, čak i kad su i dalje stvarali organske i nepredvidljive pjesme koristeći se gongom, prepariranim klavirom i električnom gitarom. Rubycon je uglavnom ostario poput vina, zbog čega je dobar dodatak (i nasljednik) albuma Phaedra iz 1974. godine. Pomalo zastarjela paleta zvukova nimalo ne zasjenjuje atmosferu: to je jeziva psihodelija bez paisleyja -- Pink Floyd bez rocka." Zaključio je: "Ovo je zadovoljavajući ambijentalni album iz vremena koje je prethodilo ambijentalnoj glazbi; premračan je za meditiranje, ali je predobar da bi ga se zaboravilo."

Tom Moon uvrstio je Rubycon u svoju knjigu 1000 albuma koje morate čuti prije nego što umrete: "Ovu putujuću viziju zvuka koja se uvijek otvara i nikad ne stiže do svojeg odredišta beskrajno se imitira od 1975. godine. Međutim, svi ti obožavatelji ne uspijevaju uloviti tu otvorenost i veličanstvenost Tangerine Dreama."

Glazbeni novinar Paul Stump u knjizi Digital Gothic: A Critical Discography of Tangerine Dream pohvalio je album i izjavio: "Rubycon jednostavno dorađuje svojeg prethodnika – ali do vrhunca izvrsnosti; demonstrira majstorstvo u služenju primitivnom tehnologijom koje oduzima dah odvažnom, ustrajnom i potpuno umjetničkom vizijom. Vjerojatno je najbolji album koji je skupina ikad snimila…"

Turneja
Moogov sintesajzer Christopha Frankea oštećen je u transportu tijekom turneje nakon objave albuma, a samog je Frankea gotovo ubio strujni udar.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje
Tangerine Dream
 Edgar Froese – mellotron, gitara i sintesajzer VCS 3; orgulje i gong (na pjesmi "Rubycon, Part Two")
 Christopher Franke – dvostruki Moogov sintesajzer, Synthi A, elektroničke orgulje; prilagođene orgulje Elka i preparirani klavir (na pjesmi "Rubycon, Part One"); gong (na pjesmi "Rubycon, Part Two")
 Peter Baumann – orgulje, EMS Synthi A, električni klavir (Rhodes); preparirani klavir (na pjesmi "Rubycon, Part One"); glas i ARP 2600 (na pjesmi "Rubycon, Part Two")
Ostalo osoblje
 Monique Froese – fotografija
 Mick Glossop – tonska obrada
 Roland Paulick – tehnička pripomoć

Izvori

Albumi iz 1975.
Njemački glazbeni albumi

Rubycon


Pro TV Plus (stilizat PRO•TV PLUS) este un serviciu gratuit de streaming oferit de Pro TV, ce oferă posibilitatea vizionării serialelor și emisiunilor TV marca Pro TV.

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Vicente Amigo Girol (born 25 March 1967) is a Spanish flamenco composer and guitarist, born in Guadalcanal near Seville. He has played as an accompanying guitarist on recordings by flamenco singers Camarón de la Isla, and Luis de Córdoba, and he has acted as a producer for Remedios Amaya and José Mercé. His album Ciudad de las Ideas won the 2001 Latin Grammy for the Best Flamenco Album and the 2002 Ondas award for the best Flamenco work.

Biography
Amigo was raised in Córdoba, where he took guitar lessons and later improved his playing with Manolo Sanlúcar, with whom he worked for ten years. After a period of accompaniment which began with El Pele, he devoted himself almost exclusively to playing concerts in 1988. De Mi Corazón al Aire (From Out of My Heart, 1991) was his first solo record. An admirer of Paco de Lucía since childhood, Amigo took part with him in the show Leyendas de la guitarra (Legends of the Guitar) in Seville.

Amigo has worked with Amaia Montero, Khaled, Miguel Bosé, Carmen Linares, Manolo Sanlúcar, Wagner Tiso, Rosario, Nacho Cano, Alejandro Sanz, Sting, Paco de Lucía, Stanley Jordan, John McLaughlin, Al Di Meola, and Milton Nascimento.

Discography

As lead
 De mi corazón al aire (CBS/Sony, 1991)
 Vivencias Imaginadas (CBS/Sony, 1995)
 Poeta (CBS/Sony, 1997)
  Del Amanecer... with Jose Merce (Virgin, 1998)
 Ciudad de las Ideas (2000)
 Un Momento en el Sonido (Columbia, 2005)
 Paseo de Gracia (Sony, 2009)
 Tierra (Sony, 2013)
 Memoria de los Sentidos (Sony, 2017)

As accompanist
With Miguel Bosé
 Bajo El Signo De Cain (WEA, 1993)
 Laberinto (WEA, 1995)
 Mordre Dans Ton Coeur (WEA, 1997)
 Papitwo (WEA, 2012)

With others
 Remedios Amaya, Me Voy Contigo (Hispavox, EMI 1997)
 Pedro Aznar, Mudras: Canciones De a Dos (Tabriz Music, 2003)
 David Bisbal, Premonicion (Vale Music, 2006)
 Nacho Cano, The Feminine Side (Virgin, 1997)
 Nacho Cano, A un Musical De (Warner, 2008)
 Los Chunguitos, Vive a Tu Manera en Directo (EMI, 1988)
 Camarón de la Isla, Soy Gitano (El Pais, 2010)
 Tino di Geraldo, Burlerias (Nuevos Medios, 1994)
 Roberto Fonseca, Zamazu (Enja, 2007)
 GNR, Sob Escuta (EMI, 1994)
 Josh Groban, Bridges (Reprise, 2018)
 Alberto Iglesias, Hable Con Ella (Milan, 2002)
 Azucar Moreno, Ojos Negros (Epic, 1992)
 Enrique Morente & Lagartija Nick, Omega (El Europeo Musica, 1996)
 Carlos Nunez, Os Amores Libres (RCA Victor, 1999)
 Potito, Andando por Los Caminos (CBS, 1990)
 Manolo Sanlucar, Tauromagia (Polydor, 1988)
 Alejandro Sanz, El Alma al Aire (WEA, 2001)
 Alejandro Sanz, Mas (WEA, 2006)
 Sting, Sacred Love (A&M, 2003)
 Wagner Tiso, Baobab (Philips, 1990)
 Wagner Tiso, Brazilian Scenes (Kardum/Iris, 1997)
 Potito, Mi reencuentro (Concert Music Entertainment S.L, 2018)
 El Pele, Canto (BMG Music Spain S.A, 2003)

References

1967 births
Spanish flamenco guitarists
Spanish male guitarists
Musicians from Andalusia
Sony Music Spain artists
Latin Grammy Award winners
Living people
Spanish composers
Spanish male composers
People from Sierra Norte (Seville)

Vicente Amigo


An Cymbidium longipes in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Zhong Jian Liu ngan J.N.Zhang. An Cymbidium longipes in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cymbidium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cymbidium

Cymbidium longipes


Mediha Şen Sancakoğlu (d. 8 Mart 1941; Babaeski, Kırklareli), Türk müzisyen.

Çocukluğu ve gençliği
Üç kardeşin en küçüğüdür. İki aylıkken ailesi Bursa Çekirge'ye yerleşti; ilkokulu burada okudu, ortaokul 2. sınıfa devam ederken İstanbul'a taşındılar. 14 yaşında iken Alaattin Şen ile evlendi ve Eyüp Sultan'a yerleşti. Bu evlilikten Ayfer adında bir kızı, Gökhan adında bir oğlu oldu.

Sanat yıllarında ailevi durumu
2 çocuk annesi iken 1968 yılında yetişmiş sanatçı sınavına girerek İstanbul Radyosu'nda solo programlara başladı. 1970 yılında sahne çalışmaları ile birlikte pek çok 45'lik ve uzun çalar plak yaptı. Bunlardan ikisi 45'lik ve bir uzun çalar olmak üzere üç altın plak ödülü aldı. 1972 yılında ilk eşinden ayrıldı. 1973 yılında Kemal Sancakoğlu ile evlendi. Bu evliliğinden Ebru ve Elif adında iki kızı dünyaya geldi.

Yükselişi ve başarıları
1990 yılında çok sevdiği ağabeyi Ahmet İzgin'in amansız hastalığına duyduğu üzüntünün de etkisiyle şiir yazmaya ve akabinde beste yapmaya başladı. 10 yıl içinde 2000'in üzerinde hece vezni, 500'ün üzerinde aruz vezni ile olmak üzere pek çok şiir yazdı, 500'ün üzerinde beste yaptı. Bu bestelerden 220 adedi TRT repertuvarındadır. Bestelerinde 31 ayrı makam, 14 değişik usûl kullandı. 1995'te Milliyet gazetesinin yılın sevilen 10 şarkısı yarışmasında söz ve müziği kendisine ait olan "Başka Mevsim Aramam" adlı şarkısıyla dereceye girdi. 1997 söz ve müziği kendisine ait olan "Ceylan Gibi Ürkek Bakıyorsun" adlı şarkısıyla Dede Efendi Beste Yarışması'nda mansiyon aldı. Yine 1997'de Samsun'da açılan ulusal beste yarışmasında sözleri Yalçın Benlican'a ait "Dudağın Gül Açmış" adlı bestesiyle mansiyon aldı. 2001 yılında 1. Yalova Yürüyen Köşk Beste Yarışması'nda söz ve müziği kendisine ait olan "Yalovalım" isimli şarkısıyla mansiyon aldı. Bu arada çeşitli yurt içi ve yurt dışı konserlerinde sayısız ödül ve plaket aldı. 1970'li yıllarda okuduğu 200'e yakın şarkı, 2002 Şubat'ında CD halinde Jet Plak tarafından piyasaya çıkarıldı. "Koklamazsan Bahçenizde Sümbül Olmak İstemem" isimli şiiri ise, Türk sanat müziği sanatçısı Onur Akay tarafından bestelendi.

1941 doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar
Türk söz yazarları
20. yüzyıl Türk bestecileri
21. yüzyıl Türk bestecileri
20. yüzyıl Türk şairleri
21. yüzyıl Türk şairleri
20. yüzyılda Türk kadın şarkıcılar
21. yüzyılda Türk kadın şarkıcılar
Babaeski doğumlular

Mediha Şen Sancakoğlu


Biomasa su sve vrste materijala nastalih od ostataka živih organizama uzetih iz prirode ili prirodno uzgojenih. Biomasa je vrlo bitna za ljude; oni su se tisućama godina služili biomasom kao izvorom energije. U 20. stoljeću nafta je olakšala život, ali su zbog nje priroda i okoliš postali ozbiljno ugroženi. Kako bi se uklonili negativni utjecaji nafte na okoliš znanstvenici su rješenje pronašli u vraćanju na osnovne izvore energije kao što su Sunce i biomasa. Novije tehnologije mogu pretvoriti biomasu u ugljikovodike za nekoliko sati. Udio obnovljivih izvora energije u proizvodnji energije još uvijek je u svijetu u vrlo niskom postotku od 13% (2008.). Biomasa je dakako od obnovljivih izvora energije na prvom mjestu s 10,2%, daleko ispred hidroenergije. Biomasa, koja je na vrhu hranidbenog lanca, isto je tako i na vrhu energetskog lanca.

Otpad u proizvodnji energije

Otpad je svaka stvar ili predmet koji će se baciti zbog njene nefunkcionalnosti ili zbog njene iskorištenosti. Otpad se dijeli na: komunalni, mješoviti komunalni, biološki razgradivi, biootpad, biorazgradivi komunalni otpad, proizvodni, inertni, neopasni i opasni otpad. U današnje vrijeme proizvodnja otpada se pokušava smanjiti preradom u iskoristive proizvode, no čak ako i uspijemo većinu otpada odvojiti za preradu opet ostaje dio otpada koji se ne može preraditi.

U energetska postrojenja koja služe za proizvodnju energije dovozi se otpad. Neopasni, stambeni i komercijalni otpad dovozi se u objekt u kojem biva spaljen u za to specijaliziranoj komori, čime se stvara para kojom se pokreće turbina koja proizvodi električnu energiju za kuće i zgrade. Najsuvremeniji sustav za kontrolu emisija hlade, sakupljaju i čiste plinove izgaranja. Sve se to kontinuirano prati u skladu s državnim i saveznim standardima. Na kraju procesa metali kao što su čelik i aluminij su oporavljeni za recikliranje, preostali ostaci materijala službeno se ponovno koriste ili odlažu na odlagalište.

Proizvodnja električne energije iz biogoriva i otpada
U svijetu još uvijek nije značajno zastupljena proizvodnja električne energije iz biogoriva i otpada. Najveći udjele u takvoj proizvodnji imaju države kao što su Sirija, Belize, Urugvaj, Nikaragva, Gvatemala te Danska. Kod najvećih proizvođača električne energije slabo je zastupljen takav način proizvodnje te tu prednjači Njemačka s oko 9% proizvodnje električne energije iz biogoriva i otpada.

Uvoz i izvoz energije proizvedene od biomase i otpada
Još uvijek u svijetu nije velika proizvodnja električne energije iz biomase, a još je manja iz otpada. Države kao što su Njemačka, Brazil i Finska prednjače po uvozu električne energije proizvedene od biomase i otpada.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 https://www.worldometers.info/electricity/

Biomasa i otpad u proizvodnji električne i toplinske energije


Dead Like Me is an American comedy-drama television series starring Ellen Muth and Mandy Patinkin as grim reapers who reside and work in Seattle, Washington. Filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, the show was created by Bryan Fuller for the Showtime cable network, where it ran for two seasons (2003–04). Fuller left the show five episodes into Season 1 because of creative differences; creative direction was taken over by executive producers John Masius and Stephen Godchaux. A direct-to-DVD film titled Dead Like Me: Life After Death was released on February 17, 2009.<ref name=movie>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/Dead-Like-Life-After-Death/10993|title=Official Press Release for Life After Death Direct-to-DVD Film and The Complete Collection: Soul Collectors''' Edition 9-Disc Set|publisher=TVShowsOnDVD.com|date=December 8, 2008|access-date=May 23, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828003707/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/Dead-Like-Life-After-Death/10993|archive-date=August 28, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Eighteen-year-old Georgia "George" Lass (Ellen Muth) is the show's protagonist and narrator. George dies early in the pilot episode and becomes one of the "undead", a "grim reaper". George soon learns that a reaper's job is to remove the souls of people, preferably just before they die, and escort them until they move on into their afterlife. George's death leaves behind her mother (Cynthia Stevenson) and the rest of her family at a point when her relationships with them were on shaky ground.

The show explores the experiences of a small team of such reapers, as well as the changes in George and her family as they deal with George's death.

 Series overview

 Introduction
The first scene of the pilot episode introduces an origin-of-death myth where at the dawn of time, "god (lower-case g)" was busy with creation and gave Toad a clay jar containing death which Toad promised to guard. Frog begged Toad to let him hold the jar, something to which Toad finally agreed. An excited Frog juggled the jar and finally dropped it, shattering it on the ground. When it broke open, death got out.

Main plot

Georgia Lass is aloof and emotionally distant from her family and shies away from her life. After dropping out of college, she takes a temp job through Happy Time Temporary Services. During her lunch break on her first day, she is hit and killed by a toilet seat falling from the deorbiting Mir space station. She is soon informed that, rather than moving on to the "great beyond", she will become a grim reaper in the External Influence Division, collecting souls of people who die in accidents (many of which have a Rube Goldberg-style complexity), and homicides. Each reaper has a secret quota of souls; once the quota is met, the reaper moves on to another realm and the last soul reaped then takes his or her job collecting souls.

In Season 1, George has trouble adjusting to her circumstances – collecting souls while holding down a day job. By Season 2, she has mostly adjusted to her new role, with few unresolved issues with her life and her afterlife.

George's family is struggling to deal with her death. Her father, Clancy (Greg Kean), has an affair that affects his marriage to Joy (Cynthia Stevenson). Her sister, Reggie (Britt McKillip), acts out – stealing toilet seats from neighbors and school and hanging them on a tree – until her mother sends her to therapy. Reggie clings to the belief that George visits her, but she is starting to lie to cover this up. At the start of Season 2, the family begins to break apart as Joy and Clancy divorce.

All of the main characters have issues with their life after death, but they cope with it in different ways: Mason (Callum Blue) resorts to alcohol and drugs; Daisy (Laura Harris) puts on a veneer of perkiness; and Roxy (Jasmine Guy) is physically and verbally aggressive. Rube (Mandy Patinkin) and George are more straightforward about their sadness.

 Bryan Fuller's departure
Bryan Fuller left early Season 1 because of conflicts with MGM Television, including disagreement over major script and storyline cuts considered important to the main theme. He stated that the "lack of professionalism...made it really difficult. It was like being at war. They were constantly trying to strong arm me. It was the worst experience of my life." According to Fuller, Showtime canceled the show due to "a loss of quality and a sense the problems would continue." Actress Rebecca Gayheart also departed the show after the series' fifth episode.

 Characters

 Reapers

 Georgia "George" Lass (Ellen Muth): (1985–2003) The show's protagonist, an 18-year-old college dropout. In addition to being a grim reaper she has a day job at Happy Time Temporary Services, under the assumed name "Millie Hagen." She was killed on June 27, 2003, when a toilet seat from the de-orbiting Mir space station fell on her. Because of this, she is known among the reapers as "Toilet Seat Girl," a fact which earns her instant recognition/respect for dying in such a bizarre way.
 Rube John Sofer (Mandy Patinkin): (1876 – ) The head of the group of reapers. He is responsible for passing out reaping assignments, nearly always on yellow post-it notes. He becomes a father figure for George (whom he calls "Peanut") in her grim-reaping afterlife, and had a daughter named Rose ("Rosie"), whom he had also called "Peanut". The manner of his death was not revealed, but in one episode his name and picture are seen on an old "Wanted" poster alleging that he was a bank robber. Because of this, it is believed that he died at the hands of the police (i.e. shoot-out or execution). He looks the same as he did while alive, possibly because his time of death was nearly one hundred years earlier and everyone who could possibly identify him has died, including his daughter Rosie (Rose Anne Sofer, born March 19, 1925; lived at 243 Georgian Lane, Englewood, New Jersey) and his Czechoslovakian wife Lucy Sonia Sofer (née Debrowski), born in 1901.
 Mason (Callum Blue): (1939–1966) A British drug addict, alcoholic and thief, but a likable person. He acts as an "older brother" figure to George, and is attracted to Daisy. He is originally from London, and died in 1966 by drilling a hole in his head to achieve a "permanent high". He's considered the least responsible of "Rube's Post-it Crew" and often makes gaffes, cuts his reaps close, or is drunk or high much of the time.
 Roxy Harvey (Jasmine Guy): (before 1960–1982) A strong-willed, sassy, independent woman. Her day job is initially as a meter maid, but she later becomes a police officer. She was strangled to death by a jealous roommate in 1982 with leg warmers, which Roxy had invented. Although she is generally seen as tough and no-nonsense, she has a softer side, shown in "Reapercussions" after saving the life of J. H. Arnold.
 Betty Rhomer (Rebecca Gayheart): (1899–1926) A confident, well-adjusted reaper in the first five episodes. She keeps Polaroids of each of the souls she reaps, in department store shopping bags organized by personality type. She refers to this as her signature, as a way to separate herself from "the whole cloak and sickle thing." George begins to bond with her early in the first season, but she "hitches a ride" into the afterlife with one of the souls George had reaped and is never seen again. She died in 1926 while cliff-diving with her fiancé. In a similar fashion to the reaping of George, though Rube did not personally reap Betty, he did collect her soul, as shown in the season 1 episode "Reaping Havoc". (Though she refers later to having been alive in 1927, that is presumably an error in her memory since we are shown her tombstone.)
 Daisy Adair (Laura Harris): (before 1915–1938) A spoiled actress who often tells stories about her (alleged) sexual escapades with classic film stars. She died on December 13, 1938, of asphyxiation/smoke inhalation in Marietta, Georgia, though she originally claimed this occurred on the set of Gone with the Wind. Her last thought before she died was, "Why has no one ever loved me?" Daisy is sent from New York City to Seattle in episode six as a replacement when Betty leaves. She is traumatically affected by the violent deaths of defenseless women by abusive men, and although Roxy yelled at her for tampering with a crime scene after such a reap, Daisy then revealed to Mason that she had a sister who (presumably) died that way. At the end of Season 2, Daisy begins to acquire a reputation as a "bad luck charm" when Ray accuses her of killing people. When Ray's soul is transformed into a graveling, she enigmatically states in that and the next episode that she has "seen it before" and that it's "happening again." Daisy is recognized in the last episode by an elderly man in Der Waffle Haus while she is dressed as a police officer for Halloween; as stated in that episode, on Halloween, all reapers look as they did when alive.

 George's family
 Reggie Lass (Britt McKillip): George's younger sister. Though George ignored her while she was alive, Reggie is very much affected by the death of her sister. She believes that George's ghost still roams about the city and visits their home from time to time – technically, she is right. Due to her eccentric, seemingly pathological way of grieving her sister's death, Reggie is placed in psychiatric therapy.
 Joy Lass (Cynthia Stevenson): George's mother. She is a Virgo who has a pathological fear of balloons and who hates the word 'moist' because she thinks "it sounds pornographic". She likes to have order, rules, and control in her life.  Other characters in the show, such as Joy's own mother, believe that her obsession with control is how she copes with denial of her own out-of-control life, her daughter George's death, her younger daughter's rather unconventional style of grieving over George's death, and her divorce from her husband. In the episode where her mother comes to visit, however, it becomes clear that Joy's problems stem more from the chaotic lifestyle and abandonment issues of her own childhood.
 Clancy Lass (Greg Kean): George's father. He is an English Professor at the University of Washington. His relationship with Joy begins to deteriorate seriously after George's death. He has an affair with one of his Shakespeare-class students (A.J. Cook), which becomes the final death knell to the marriage. In the Pilot it was suggested, by an overly-long hug, that his affair was with a young man but this homosexual thread was dropped and the student confirmed to be female in later episodes.

 Happy Time Temporary Services
 Delores Herbig, as in, as she says, "her big brown eyes" (Christine Willes): George's boss. Delores disliked George, but becomes friends with "Millie", for whom she becomes something of a maternal figure, offering advice and support, and on one occasion bailing "Millie" out of jail. Delores is optimistic, dynamic, and motivated; she has an active Internet presence through various social and dating sites, and runs a website (her home life on webcam) called 'Getting Things Done With Delores'. Occasionally, Delores will try to empathize with George by revealing startling facts about her past – including a cocaine habit, tattoos, and "all those restraining orders". She has a very elderly cat named Murray.
 Crystal Smith (Crystal Dahl): Happy Time's mysterious receptionist whose Happy Time record indicates that she speaks several languages and previously served as a special forces operative in Southeast Asia.  Crystal once helped the reapers organize into computer files a collection of souls' last thoughts. She also dressed as a grim reaper for Halloween. She is also seen to steal great amounts of Post-it notes (like those used to notify reapers of their assignments) from Happy Time.

 Miscellaneous characters
 Kiffany (Patricia Idlette): The reapers' usual server at "Der Waffle Haus". She is a quiet observer of the group, and takes their individual idiosyncrasies in stride. She also seems able to see their true faces, as on Halloween (despite their having "returned" to life appearances), Kiffany is able to recognize and interact with all of them without surprise – even newly dead George (spoiling the idea that only reapers so old as to be unrecognizable get their 'true faces'). Some of the characters believe her to be psychic.
 Charlie (Spencer Achtymichuk): The youngest Reaper George knows is a child reaper, who she initially meets in a vet's waiting room when Delores' cat Murray has a health scare. (Charlie is really there to reap a rabbit.) Child reapers reap animals, and Charlie is seen reaping a komodo dragon in Reggie's school, and later her dog, J.D. (Just Dog). He died after being struck by a drunk driver's car seven years previously, and lives on the streets.
 Penny (Yeardley Smith): The oldest Reaper George meets is Penny, who died during the sinking of the Titanic and whom Mason calls "older than forever and a day." Penny is one of Rube's old Post-It Crew in External Influences Division before she was transferred to a cushier gig in Long Term Care, where she works as a nurse in a nursing home. She says it is less hectic because everyone has a name tag, and no one is going anywhere. Mason and Roxy both greet Penny with affection upon her giving Rube a courtesy heads-up that his daughter, unbeknownst to him living in a long-term care center, was to be her reap that day. He accompanied Penny to say goodbye to Rose in "Always", and sang his dying daughter to sleep with the lullaby he had sung to her on the day of her childhood that he left and then died.

 Mythology

 Grim reapers
In the world of Dead Like Me, grim reapers do not wear black cloaks or carry scythes (cloaks and scythes are only featured during the opening credits, for humorous effect), but their role remains traditional: they remove the souls of the living shortly before death and escort them into their afterlife. One becomes a reaper by being the last soul collected when one's own reaper meets his or her secret quota.

In the series, Death has a list of who is scheduled to die and when. This list is delivered to the head of each group by a shadowy figure (when the delivery is made to Rube's apartment; it is shown that the delivery is made by an actual shadow, with the list of names becoming corporeal only when it is delivered). The head of each group then gives each reaper a non-transferable assignment to collect a particular soul or souls. Completing that assignment is often difficult for the reapers, who receive only the first (and sometimes middle) initial and last name of the person about to die, the location, and estimated time of death (ETD). If a reaper refuses to take a soul at their place of death and the person somehow survives their appointed time, the soul will "wither and die and rot inside" them. If a reaper does not take a soul and the person does die, the soul remains trapped in the body and is subject to extremely traumatic experiences such as witnessing the autopsy of their own body. Deaths can be at least temporarily postponed without risk to the soul's well-being by interfering well in advance of the time of death; thus reapers would not be interfering with the events that lead to the death. However, this may have unintended consequences, such as other people dying because of actions taken by the person who should have died.

Reapers have a physical body and may interact with the living and the dead. Besides collecting souls, reapers have powers to remain ageless, heal extremely quickly (George once severed her middle finger, but was able to reattach it by just putting it back in place, while Mason has sustained what should have been fatal damage on multiple occasions, such as being shot and hit by a car), drink alcohol without suffering a hangover (see "Gravelings"), and forcibly pull a soul from a living body and put it back (as seen done by Roxy in Episode 9 "Sunday Mornings"). When seen by the living, reapers' physical appearances are different from when they were alive to those who knew them, except on Halloween when the living see them as they were in life, and fellow reapers always see their original appearances. Although George is seen by her family and Delores as "Millie," Rube's image was recognizable by a records clerk in a wanted poster seen while Rube and the clerk were doing some research into his past life. Laura Boddington portrays lead character George's undead appearance in the TV series, with Jennifer Rae Westley playing her in the later film.

The passage into the afterlife is shown as a brightly lit scene towards which the newly deceased is drawn. The portal is unique to each soul: for a child, it may be a wonderful carnival, but for a yoga master, it may be a Deva beckoning from within a Divine Lotus. Souls cannot be forced to enter the portals, so part of the reapers' job is to convince them to do so.

Groups of reapers are organized into "divisions" according to various causes of death. Generally, reapers are assigned to a division based upon their own cause of death; Mason tells George in a deleted scene that most of the members of the Plague Division died because of the Plague. In addition to Rube's "external influence" team, the three other divisions mentioned in the series are Circulatory Systems Division, the very uneventful and bored reapers of the Plague Division (who spend much of their time playing bocce ball) and the Natural Causes (Old Age) Division mentioned in the 27th and 28th episodes (according to the running order). (In the pilot episode, the viewer is led to believe that the Plague Division members have been reapers for centuries and will be unable to meet their quota, as plague deaths have become so rare.) While the members of Rube's team of reapers are instructed to never reap animals, George (and Reggie) do meet a child reaper who reaps the souls of animals — suggesting that there may be a fifth division that exists for this purpose. The teams are organized into jurisdictions of geographical areas, with several teams associated with different causes of death operating within one area. It is not known how much geographical area a single division covers, but the reapers in the series seem to cover only a limited area in Seattle and King County, Washington; with reaper Daisy Adair transferring from the SoHo area of New York City.

 Gravelings

In the show, reapers do not actually kill the living. Instead, deaths are arranged by "gravelings".

Gravelings are mischievous gremlin-like creatures that cause the accidents and mishaps (in the form of Rube Goldberg machine scenarios) that kill people. The living generally cannot see them, though in the episode "Reaper Madness", a person with schizophrenia was able to, although Rube refused to believe that was possible. Reapers can see and interact with them to some extent: Daisy once shushed a graveling; Rube yelled, "Get outta here!" once when seeing gravelings desecrating a cemetery statue; and George once chased several angry gravelings around her apartment. Although gravelings seem to be self-aware and recognize the reapers, they do not communicate verbally with them, and talk to each other in a hushed and unintelligible babble; other times they growl or hiss.

According to the episode "Vacation", gravelings are given one day off every few years. Despite the holiday, most reapers are disturbed by their lack of manners and behavior. During this time they display the odd habit of stacking objects into precarious, humanoid towers.

In the episode "Reapercussions" (Season 1 Episode 4), it is noted that if a reaper interferes with and prevents a scheduled death, a "hunting season" will be declared by the gravelings, who will pester the reaper until that soul is taken and order is restored. Some of the reapers, including George, Roxy, Mason, and Daisy, are plagued by the wrath of gravelings throughout the series.

A graveling rose from the body of Ray in "Forget Me Not" (Season 2, Episode 12) following his murder at the hands of a reaper. This graveling retained Ray's mind or some other connection to his life, as it stayed close to Daisy and George's house (where Ray was killed) and expressed anger toward Daisy and Mason for Ray's death. It was also responsible for an unscheduled death at one of Daisy's reaps. Later, in the episode "Always" (Season 2 Episode 14), the graveling was reaped by George, upon which it turned to dust.

In the episode "The Shallow End" (Season 2, Episode 4) a child George in a flashback sees gravelings as she sinks into a swimming pool, with the gravelings appearing to hesitate from claiming her life (although it is not clear whether she actually saw the gravelings), and again in "Haunted" (Season 2, Episode 15) George recalls a Halloween afternoon when as a young girl she saw a graveling scurrying around in the background behind a man who, after she became a reaper, she realizes is a serial killer.

 Creation
Viewers are told that in the beginning, god  created death and, not knowing what to do with it, kept it in a sealed urn. Toad was asked by god to watch the urn but Frog pestered Toad into giving it to him. Frog proceeded to juggle the jar from foot to foot and accidentally dropped it, thus letting death out, whereby everything from that point had to die. George is frequently shown caring for an albino Argentine horned frog (also known as a Pacman frog) identical to the one shown as Toad during the opening narration.

 Home media releases and streaming

 DVD releases

 Direct-to-DVD film

On April 18, 2007, MGM announced it was developing several direct-to-DVD movies and sequels. First among them was a new film based on Dead Like Me.

The movie is set five years after the first series episode. The movie's release date was originally set for the summer of 2008, then changed to February 17, 2009. Before its general release, it had a television debut on January 16, 2009, on SuperChannel in Canada. In the movie, the role of Daisy is played by Sarah Wynter. Rube does not appear (he reportedly had moved on), but is mentioned by the characters; the new leader of the reapers is Cameron Kane, played by Henry Ian Cusick.

 Soundtrack
La-La Land Records released a soundtrack containing the original score to the series composed by Stewart Copeland on May 25, 2010, as a limited release of 3000 units.

 Reception
 Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has an approval rating of 69% with an average score of 6.3 out of 10 based on 16 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Dead Like Me is a required  (after)taste, but the series' acidic wit and wry observations about the simple pleasures of life and death overcome the deficit in likable characters."

 Awards and nominations

 Ratings
The show's complete ratings were not released, though executives had claimed to at least one reporter that Dead Like Me had ratings three times Showtime's primetime average. This contrasts with the network's statement that the ratings were not high enough for a third season. The ratings for the series premiere were 1.11 million, a record for a Showtime series premiere that was not beaten until the premiere of Shameless'' seven years later.

References

External links

2003 American television series debuts
2004 American television series endings
2000s American comedy-drama television series
2000s American black comedy television series
Angels in television
English-language television shows
Showtime (TV network) original programming
Television series by MGM Television
Television shows about death
Television shows set in Seattle
Television series created by Bryan Fuller
American fantasy drama television series
Television series about personifications of death
Television shows filmed in Vancouver

Dead Like Me


زينات أمان Zeenat Aman ، (ولدت في 19 نوفمبر 1951م) هي ممثلة هندية ظهرت في أفلام بوليوود في الفترة 1970-1980م. حازت على المركز الثاني في مسابقة ملكة جمال الهند، وفازت في مسابقة ملكة جمال آسيا والمحيط الهادئ في عام 1970م. كان لها الفضل في تحقيق سمة البطلة الغربية في السينما الهندية  من خلال ظهورها لأول مرة في بوليوود.

النشأة

ولدت زينات أمان في ألمانيا من أب مسلم "أمان الله خان" وأم هندوسية "سيندا Scinda". كانت والدتها Maharashtrian من بيون. والدها  كان واحدًا من كُتَّاب الأفلام السينمائية  و، ولقد توفي عندما كانت زينات في عمر 13. والدة زينات كانت تحمل الجنسية الألمانية، فأخذتها إلى ألمانيا حيث كانت زينات مستاءة للغاية، وعادت إلى الهند عندما بلغت 18 عاما. وكان قد تردد من قبل البعض بأن والدتها كانت يهودية بسبب صداقتها ليهودية، لكن هذا لم يكن صحيحًا. كما قالت لصحيفة الأوبزرفر Sunday Observer في سريلانكا في مقابلة في عام 2003م "كان والدي مسلما، وكانت امي هندوسية، وكان زوج امي ألمانيا. ذهبت إلى مدرسة كاثوليكية ذات نفوذ أوروبي، وأفضل صديقة لي كانت يهودية. لذلك انتشرت على نطاق واسع ولقد لعبت أدوار بنت من الهند الغربية لذلك يمكن أن أكون قد عرفت بذلك.

تخرجت من كلية St. Xavier مومباي، وتوجهت إلى جامعة جنوب كاليفورنيا في لوس أنجلوس، كاليفورنيا St. Xavier مومباي، وتوجهت إلى جامعة كاليفورنيا الجنوبية في لوس أنجلوس، لإجراء المزيد من الدراسات على المساعدات الطلابية. عند عودتها إلى الهند، حصلت على وظيفتها الأولى كصحفية نسائية ومن ثم في انتقلت إلى عرض الأزياء. واحدة من العلامات التجارية القليلة التي عرضت لها كانت Taj Mahal Tea وتلفزيون X Debut في عام 1966م حصريا. كانت في المركز الثاني في مسابقة ملكة جمال الهند وذهبت إلى الفوز في مسابقة ملكة جمال آسيا والمحيط الهادئ في عام 1970م.

حياتها السينمائية

البداية

بعد أن درست في لوس أنجلوس، وفازت في مسابقة ملكة جمال آسيا ونجحت في عرض الأزياء، أمان بدأت مشوارها الفني بدور صغير في فيلم O. P. Ralhan's Hulchul في عام 1971م. ثم دور الثاني في Hungama 1971. من بطولة المطربة كيشور كومار. وكذلك لم يكن ناجحا. ديف أناند Dev Anand عرض Zaheeda (البطلته الثانية في بريم بوجاري Prem Pujari) دور الشقيقة في هير راما هاري كريشنا Hare Rama Hare Krishna (1972). لعدم إدراكها لأهمية هذا الدور الثانوي، طلبت Zaheeda أن تؤدي دور البطلة (في نهاية المطاف لعبته ممتاز Mumtaz) وانسحبت. أمان اختيرت كبديلة في آخر دقيقة.

في هاري راما هاري كريشنا، بمعاونة أغنية R. D. Burman'  «دوم مارو دوم» فازت أمان بأكثر من قلب الجمهور في دور «جانيس/ جاسبير» Janice. حصلت على جائزة فيلم فير أفضل ممثلة مساعدة جائزة BFJA لأفضل ممثلة. في 1970s، زينات ظهرت في عدة أفلام مع ديف آناند: Heera Panna (1973)، Ishq Ishq Ishq (1974)، Prem Shastra (1974)، Warrant (1975)، Darling Darling (1977) وKalabaaz (1977). من هؤلاء، Warrant، كان الأكبر نجاحا.

شكلها في Yaadon Ki Baaraat' (1973) باعتبارها فتاة تحمل آلة الجيتار وتغني 'churaliya hai tumne jo dil ko' (Asha Bhonsle's voice) وحصل لها شعبية كبيرة ومكانة في قلوب الملايين من المعجبين.

ظهرت على كل أغلفة مجلات السينما الهندية خلال فترة 1970-1980م. في ديسمبر كانون الأول عام 1974م، أُطلقت مجلة Cine Blitz مع صورة زينات أمان على غلافها، وكانت هذه شهادة على شعبيتها في ذلك الوقت. وقد ظهرت عدة مرات على غلاف المجلة الأكثر شعبية «ستاردست».

أواخر فترة 1970
في وقت لاحق من مسيرتها الفنية وجدت زينات أمان النجاح مع صناع أفلام آخرين مثل B. R. Chopra، ناصر حسين ناصر حسين، شاكتي سامانتا Shakti Samanta، ومانوج كومار Manoj Kumar ومانموهان ديساي منموهان ديساي.

في عام 1978 تم عرض فيلم راج كابور Satyam Shivam Sundaram، أمام الممثل المعروف شاشي كابور، ولكن النقاد انتقدوا الفيلم نقد لاذع بسبب الموضوع أن الجوهري للفيلم كان يدور حول مفهوم أن الروح هي الأكثر جاذبية من الجسد، ولكن «راح كابور» اختار تسليط الضوء على جاذبية زينات أمان. ولكن الفيلم كان له أثر كبير في زيادة شهرة زينات والفيلم نفسه اعتبر عمل فني متميز ويدرج من ضمن الأفلام الهندية الخالدة. كما حصلت على ترشيح جائزة فيلم فير لأحسن ممثلة لهذا الفيلم.

زينات أمان دخلت هوليوود كنتيجة عكسية عندما ثبت فشل كريشنا شاه شاليمار Krishna Shah's Shalimar (1978) في الولايات المتحدة والهند ثم شاركت بطولة مع دارمندرا Dharmendra وأسماء عالمية أخرى مثل ريكس هاريسون وسيلفيا مايلز وجون ساكسون]]. وتم تشبيهها بالنجمات العالميات صوفيا لورين وجينا لولوبريجيدا وجاكلين بيسيت في الجاذبية في فيلم شاليمار. سنة 1978 كانت كارثة بالنسبة لها، وذلك بسبب نزول عائدات شباك التذاكر Satyam Shivam Sundaram وشاليمار Shalimar]، ولكن سرعان ما ارتفع ثانيةً في فيلم Don وجاء ذلك لينقذ حياتها المهنية. ومن المفارقات أن الأسباب التي دعتها لقبول هذا الدور في دون كان الإيثار، وحتى أنها لم تأخذ أي أجر لذلك، لأنها أرادت مساعدة المنتجة، ناريمان عيراني، التي توفيت في منتصف التصوير. دورها كغربية تسعى إلى الانتقام ساهم في نجاح الفيلم نجاحا كبيرا، ومعجبيها عاودوا التفاعل معها مرة أخرى. بالاضاف إلى أن بطلات غربيات مثل بارفين بابي وتينا منيم يمشون على نفس خطاها في بلدها، وذلك في أواخر 1970. أمان استمرت في التمثيل في أفلام قوية مثل دارام فير Dharam، شيلا بابو والمقامرة العظيمة Chhaila Babu and The Great Gambler.

فترة 1980
في بداية تلك الفترة ظهر نجوم كثيرون، وطلب من زينات أمان بشكل متزايد تقديم أدوار إغراء، رغم نجاحها في العديد من الأفلام. على النقيض من هذا الاتجاه كان أدائها في برازيلي شوبرا الإنصاف كا طرازو باعتبارها ضحية اغتصاب تسعى إلى العدالة B. R. Chopra's Insaaf Ka Tarazu (1980) وحصلت على جائزة فيلم «فير» لأفضل ممثلة. هذا الفيلم أُعقب بنجاح في الفيلم الرومنسي أضحية ،  و Ali Baba aur 40 Chor، وDostana (1980) وLawaaris]] (1981).

النقاد أعربوا عن تقديرهم لأدائها في بعض الأفلام ذات المواضيع النسائية مثل «باندان Kuchchey Dhaagon Ka»، و"Yaadon Ki Barat" و "Baat Ban Jaye" & "Namumkin" ولكن أيا من هذه الأفلام نجح في الفيديو.

دورها الأخير، كبطولة كان في فيلم "Gawahi" وهو فيلم دراما في عام 1989.

1990-2000

عادت زينات إلى الشاشة الفضية بعد عقد من الزمان للقيام بدور في فيلم بوبال إكسبريس Bhopal Express. وقامت بأدوار صغيرة في Boom  (2003)، جانا... Jaana Let's Fall in Love]] (2006)،Chaurahen (2007) وUgly Aur Pagli (2008).

في عام 2004 لعبت دور السيدة روبنسون في مسرحية The Graduate staged في قاعة سانت أندرو في بومباي.

حتى أنه كان لديها برنامج تلفزيوني يسمى «المحادثة مع زينات In Conversation with Zeenat» الذي أُنتج من تلفزيون B4U كما قدم ظهورها جنبا إلى جنب مع هيما ماليني في البرنامج الذي يحظى بشعبية Koffee with Karan الذي استضافه كاران جوهر.

زينات حصلت على جائزة إنجاز العمر خلال جوائز Zee Cine Awards في عام 2008 وذلك تقديرا لموهبتها والمساهمة في السينما الهندية.

حياتها الشخصية
زينات تزوجت «سانجاي خان» خلال فيلم عبد الله. بعد وقت قصير من انتهاء الفيلم، تعرض لاعتداء من قبل «سانجاي» Sanjay وزوجته Zarine خلال حفلة خاصة في فندق تاج محل في «كولابا» بشكل سيء للغاية حيث أصيبت عينها بأضرار عميقة ولم يتدخل أحد من الضيوف.

في عام 1980 تزوجت من مظهر خان وأنجبت ابنان Azaan وZahaan. «مظهر خان» توفي في أيلول/سبتمبر 1998 (بالفشل الكلوي).

اليوم، أمان تعيش مع ابنيها وتحضر الكثير من المظاهر الاجتماعية وجوائز الأفلام، ولكنها نادرا ما تظهر على الشاشة.

الجدال

الزواج والطلاق مع سانجاي خان.

دورها في Satyam Shivam Sundaram  (1977)، حيث ظهر تقبيلها لـ«شاشي كابور» كان يعتبر تقدم كبير في ذلك الوقت. على الرغم من أنها لم تحصل على ترشيح لجائزة فيلم فير لهذا الدور.

زينات أمان ساندت D. P. Yadav، السياسي الذي واجه عدة تهم جنائية في أيار/مايو 2007 بإنتخابات ولاية اوتار براديش.

حتى أنها تحدثت قائلة:

الجوائز والتقديرات
 1972 -- فلم فير Filmfare جائزة أفضل ممثلة مساعدة لهير راما هاري كريشنا
 1972 -- BFJA جوائز أفضل ممثلة لهير راما هاري كريشنا
 1978—ترشيح فيلم فير على جائزة أحسن ممثلة Satyam Shivam Sundaram
 1980—ترشيح فيلم فير على جائزة أحسن ممثلة عن  Insaaf Ka Tarazu
 2003—جوائز بوليوود 'جائزة إنجاز العمر Lifetime Achievement'—Lifetime of Glamour.
 2006 -- «المساهمة المتميزة في صناعة السينما في الهند جوائز» جوائز أفلام المؤتمر السنوي الثامن ببوليوود.
 2008—جائزة Zee Cine لإنجاز العمر Zee Cine

قراءات أخرى
 دينيش راهيجا. من الألف إلى الياء من زينات أمان. Rediff.com 26 أيلول / سبتمبر 2004. استرجاع يوم 14 نوفمبر عام 2005.
 فيديا Sampat & Lavanya Varadrajan. زينات أمان: وحسي. Despardes.com 4 آذار / مارس 2005. استرجاع 10 آب / أغسطس 2005.

روابط خارجية

المراجع

فائزات بمسابقة فيمينا ملكة جمال الهند
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
حائزون على جوائز فيلم فير
خريجو جامعة جنوب كاليفورنيا
ضحايا عنف أسري
عارضات أزياء من مومباي
عارضات أزياء هنديات
مسلمون هنود
ممثلات أفلام هنديات
ممثلات أفلام هندية
ممثلات من مومباي
ممثلات هنديات في القرن 20
ممثلات هنديات في القرن 21
مواليد 1371 هـ
مواليد 1951
مواليد في مومباي
ملكة جمال الهند

زينات أمان


Bayer-heiti er kerfi fyrir stjörnuheiti þar sem stjörnur fá grískan eða latneskan bókstaf ásamt latnesku nafni stjörnumerkisins þar sem stjarnan birtist í eignarfalli. Þetta nafnakerfi var búið til af þýska stjörnufræðingnum Johann Bayer árið 1603 fyrir stjörunatlasinn Uranometria. Stjörnuskrá Bayers innihélt nánast aðeins stjörnur sem sýnilegar voru frá Þýskalandi, en síðari tíma stjörnufræðingar eins og Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille og Benjamin Apthorp Gould bættu við þeim stjörnum sem aðeins sjást á suðurhveli Jarðar.

Bayer notaðist við gríska stafrófið (α - alfa, β - beta, γ - gamma, o.s.frv.) og fékk þannig 24 stafi, en ef þeir dugðu ekki til bætti hann við stöfum úr latneska stafrófinu, frá A (með hástaf til að forðast rugling við gríska α) og síðan lágstafina b, c, d o.s.frv. að undanskildum j og v. Þannig fékk hann 24 stafi í viðbót. Dæmi um Bayer-stjörnuheiti er α Tauri (borið fram "alfa tárí") sem er stjarnan Aldebaran í Nautsmerkinu (Taurus á latínu). Algengt er að stytta heiti stjörnumerkisins í þrjá stafi. Bayer-heiti Aldebaran verður þá "α Tau".

Röð stafanna fer gróflega eftir birtustigi stjarnanna, þannig að α er sú stjarna sem virðist björtust í hverju stjörnumerki, en á tíma Bayers var engin leið að mæla birtustig stjarna með nákvæmum hætti. Bayer notaði sex birtuflokka, þar sem fyrsti flokkur voru björtustu stjörnurnar og sjötti flokkur þær dimmustu, og raðaði stöfunum eftir þessum flokkum. Af þeim 88 stjörnumerkjum sem þekkt eru í dag eru 30 þar sem alfastjarnan er ekki bjartasta stjarnan og fjögur þeirra eru ekki með neina alfastjörnu.

Þar sem Bayer notaði einn staf fyrir stjörnupör, eins og tvístirni sem virðast ein stjarna frá Jörðu séð, hafa stjörnufræðingar bætt við brjóstvísum til aðgreiningar. Dæmi um það eru stjörnurnar π1, π2, π3, π4, π5 og π6 Orionis.

Stjörnufræði

Bayer-heiti


Güzle, Antalya ilinin Korkuteli ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Antalya il merkezine 88 km, Korkuteli ilçesine 38 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

 https://www.nufusune.com/181215-antalya-korkuteli-guzle-mahallesi-nufusu
Yerelnet

Korkuteli'nin mahalleleri

Güzle, Korkuteli


Fra Pavao, OFM, vjerojatno trideset i četvrti vikar Bosanske vikarije. Na mjestu vikara naslijedio je vjerojatno fra Mihovila Hrvata. Dužnost je vjerojatno obnašao od 1493. do 1496. godine. Naslijedio ga je fra Ivan Hrvat.

Izvori

Vikari Bosanske vikarije

Pavao (vikar Bosanske vikarije)


Groenplaats (în ) este o stație a premetroului din Antwerpen, care face parte din rețeaua de tramvai din Antwerpen. Stația este situată sub piața cu același nume.

Caracteristici
Inaugurată pe 25 martie 1975, Groenplaats este una din cele mai vechi stații de premetrou din oraș. Stația este caracterizată de o amenajare de culoare verde pe peronul spre Linkeroever și de un finisaj în cărămidă pe peronul spre stația Meir.

La origine, stația Groenplaats era punctul terminus al liniilor de tramvai care circulau prin tunelurile premetroului. Tramvaiele soseau la nivelul -2, apoi foloseau o buclă de întoarcere spre nivelul inferior, după care se îndreptau în sens invers, către stația Meir. Această buclă a fost transformată într-o fundătură după ce linia subterană a fost prelungită spre Linkeroever.

Nivelul -1 este constituit dintr-o sală pentru ghișee cu acces înspre cele două peroane, și ieșiri spre Karel de Grote-Hogeschool, Piața Groenplaats, parcarea subterană a pieței și centrul comercial Grand Bazar Shopping Center. Peronul către Linkeroever este situat la nivelul -2, în timp ce peronul în direcția Meir este situat la nivelul -3.

În apropierea stației Groenplaats se află complexul comercial Grand Bazar Shopping, care include și magazinul Fnac, precum și o parcare subterană cu plată. Stația Groenplaats are pasaje subterane de acces către ambele construcții.

Casele de bilete

Casele de bilete de la nivelul -1 sunt deschise în toate zilele lucrătoare, între orele 08:00 și 18:00, precum și sâmbăta, între orele 08:00 și 16:00, dar sunt închise duminica și în zilele de sărbătoare. În holul de la nivelul -1 există însă și automate de bilete care pot fi folosite de călători în orice zi a săptămânii, la orice oră.

Abonamentele pe mijloacele de transport în comun emise de De Lijn pentru tot teritoriul Flandrei sunt valabile și în premetroul din Antwerpen.

Planurile inițiale
Conform planurilor inițiale, stația Groenplaats trebuia să fie una în cruce. Aici, actuala linie est-vest aflată în operare trebuia să se intersecteze cu o linie nord-sud subterană care ar fi pornit din stația Klapdorp, ar fi ajuns pe strada Melkmart, apoi în stația Groenplaats, de unde ar fi continuat pe sub strada Nationalestraat către sud, în direcția Muzeului de Arte Frumoase. Aceste planuri nu au fost niciodată puse în aplicare.

Note

Vezi și
Premetroul din Antwerpen

Stații de premetrou din Antwerpen

Groenplaats (stație de premetrou din Antwerpen)


The president of the Dominican Republic () is both the head of state and head of government of the Dominican Republic. The presidential system was established in 1844, following the proclamation of the republic during the Dominican War of Independence. The president of the Dominican Republic is styled Your Excellency, Mr. President during his time in office. His official residence is the National Palace.

The article CXXVIII of the constitution instructs the president of the "faithful execution of the Dominican Law" and confers on him the rank of commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, the National Police and all the state security forces. It has the power to appoint ministers, grant pardons, moratoria and the duty of ensuring national security and the collection and faithful investment of national income. The constitution also places it as the head of the state's foreign policy and grants it the power to appoint diplomatic representatives on the recommendation and approval of the Senate of the Dominican Republic.

The president is elected by universal suffrage for a term of four years. Since the Constitution of the Dominican Republic of 1966, in its modification of 2015, no person can be elected to the position of president more than twice. In case of death, dismissal, or resignation of a president, the vice president assumes the presidency. In the absence of both, the executive branch may organize an interim government or pass control of the government to the legislative branch.

There have been 54 people who have taken office. The first president was Pedro Santana, who was invested on 14 November 1844 by decision of the Central Government Junta. The current president of the Dominican Republic is Luis Abinader of the Modern Revolutionary Party, who won the 2020 Dominican Republic general election and took office on 16 August 2020 from Danilo Medina.

Beginning in the first decade of the 21st century, the Dominican presidency has taken on a more participatory role at the global level, strengthening diplomatic ties throughout the world and serving as a mediator in conflicts as close as the 2009 Honduran coup d'état and so far away as the Arab–Israeli conflict.

Origins
The origin of the presidency of the Dominican Republic goes back to the War of Independence, when the Central Government Junta (JCG) constituted the first form of government that the country had in independent and republican living conditions.

The main activities, at such a convulsive moment, were to lead the war against the invasion of the Haitians, since it depended on the survival of the newly born state and the application of emergency measures of a provisional nature in order to put the governmental machinery, the collection of taxes, inform foreign powers of the existence of the new state and extend its dominion over the newly liberated territory. At the beginning J.C.G. He had to keep Haitian laws in force for a while, since otherwise the courts, the collection of taxes, municipalities, customs and other indispensable organisms for the normal course of the institutional life of every society would not have worked. The J.C.G. He ruled the country for an eight-month period.

In July 1844, General Pedro Santana, after a streak of successive victories in the southern part of the country, appeared with his army in Santo Domingo and was proclaimed President of the Junta Central Government. The following month, Santana sent the nation's Founding Fathers into exile. On 14 November of that same year he took office as the first constitutional president of the Dominican Republic.

Constitutional role

The Constitution of the Dominican Republic, which was most recently amended in 2015, establishes the requirements, rights and obligations of the president of the republic.

The office can be held for up to two consecutive four-year terms. People who have completed their presidencies cannot run for president again. The change of command takes place every four years, on 16 August, which is the day of the Restoration of the Republic, a national holiday.

Prior to 2015, the president was limited to one consecutive term, but could run for the office again after at least one subsequent term.

Schools and powers of the president of the Dominican Republic

The schools and powers of the president of the Dominican Republic are contained in the title fourth, chapter I, section II of Constitution of the Dominican Republic giving the following rights and obligations:
 'in its status as head of state corresponding:'
 Chair acts solemn of the nation.
 Enact and make post laws and resolutions National Congress and take care of his faithful execution. issue decrees, regulations and instructions when necessary.
 Name or dismiss members jurisdictions military and police.
 Celebrate and sign treated or international conventions and submission to the approval of the National Congress, without which will not validity or require the Republic.
 Have, under the Act as concerns to the armed forces and on the National police send them by itself, or through the Ministry for maintaining always your Supreme command. fix the contingent of the same and have them the end of the public service.
 Take the necessary steps to provide and ensure self-defense of the nation, if armed attack current or imminent on the part of foreign nation or powers external must inform the National Congress on arrangements and request declaration of state of defense if it may from.
 Declare, if not finds it met the National Congress, the States of exception in accordance with the provisions articles 262 to 266 of the Constitution.
 Adopt interim measures police and safety necessary if violation of the provisions of article 62, section 6 of the Constitution, that disrupt or threaten law and order, state security, operation regular public services or public purpose, or prevent the development of economic activities and not constitute the facts under article 262 to 266 of the Constitution.
 Have, in accordance with the law, everything on areas overhead, maritime River, land, military and police safety National, with the previous studies conducted by the ministries and dependencies administrative.
 Grant pardons day 27 February, 16 Aug and 23 December every year, in accordance with the law and international conventions.
 Make arrest or expel, under the law, the foreign whose activities fueren or pudieren be harmful public policy or National security.
 Prohibit when convenience to the public interest, the entrance of foreign the country.  'in its status as head of government has the power to:'
 Name ministers and deputy ministers and other public officials that Occupy charges free appointment or whose designation not be attributed to any other body of the state recognized for this Constitution or by the laws and acceptarles their disclaimers and removerlos.
 Designate and holders organs and autonomous bodies and decentralized of the state and acceptarles their disclaimers and removerlos, in accordance with the law, C.) change the place of residence official when it deems necessary.
 Celebrate contracts, subjecting the adoption of the National Congress when contain provisions involvement's rental National, to the sale of assets of the state, the lifting borrowing or when estipulen tax exemptions in general, according to the Constitution. the amount up for such contracts and exemptions can be signed by the President of the Republic without approval congresual, it will be of two hundred minimum wages public sector. * Ensure good collection and faithful investment's rental National.
 Deposit to the National Congress, to start the first Legislature ordinary on 27 February every year, memories ministries and accountable of administration of the previous year.
 Subject to the National Congress, no later than the first October every year, the bill of budget general of the state for the following year.
 As head of state and government corresponding.
 Designate, with the approval from the Senate of the Republic, ambassadors accredited on the outside and the heads of permanent missions to international organizations, and to name the other members of the diplomatic Corps, in accordance with the law of foreign service, acceptarles their disclaimers and removerlos.
 Direct negotiations diplomatic and receive the heads of state foreign and their representatives.
 Grant or not authorized to Dominican citizens so they can exercise charges or public functions of a government or international organizations in territory Dominican, and so they can accept and use decorations and titles granted by foreign governments.
 authorize or not to municipalities to sell real approve or not contracts make when constitute warranty properties or income municipal.
 Other powers under the Constitution and laws.

Requirements
According to the Constitution of the Dominican Republic of 1966, in its modification of the year 2015 by the Congress, the President:

Must be Dominican by birth or origin.
Have the age of 30 years old or more.
Be in full exercise of their civil and political rights.
Not be active in military and police service for at least three years before the election.

Constitutions through Trujillo
The first Dominican constitution was promulgated on 6 November 1844, immediately after the nation achieved independence from Haiti. It was a liberal document with many familiar elements—separation of powers, checks and balances, and a long list of basic rights. However, an authoritarian government replaced the country's liberal, democratic government during its first year. The new regime proceeded to write its own constitution. This second constitution considerably strengthened the executive, weakened the legislative and the judicial branches, and gave the president widespread emergency powers, including the power to suspend basic rights and to rule by decree. Thereafter, governance of the country often alternated between liberal and authoritarian constitutional systems.

Even the dictator Rafael Trujillo always took care to operate under the banner of constitutionalism. Under Trujillo, however, the legislature was simply a rubber stamp; the courts were not independent; and basic rights all but ceased to exist. He governed as a tyrant, unfettered by constitutional restrictions.

Constitutions after Trujillo
After Trujillo's death in 1961, the constitution was amended to provide for new elections and to allow the transfer of power to an interim Council of State. Although promulgated as a new document, the 1962 constitution was actually a continuation of the Trujillo constitution, and it was thus unpopular.

In 1964, Juan Bosch's freely elected, social-democratic government drafted a new and far more liberal constitution. It separated church and state, put severe limits on the political activities of the armed forces, established a wide range of civil liberties, and restricted the rights of property relative to individual rights. These provisions frightened the more conservative elements in Dominican society, which banded together to oust Bosch and his constitution in September 1963. Subsequently, the more conservative 1962 constitution was restored. In the name of constitutionalism, Bosch and his followers launched a revolution in 1965, the objective of which was restoration of the liberal 1963 constitution.

Largely as a result of the United States military intervention of April 1965, the civil war had died down by 1966. With Joaquín Balaguer and his party in control, the Dominicans wrote still another constitution. This one was intended to avert the conflicts and polarization of the past by combining features from both the liberal and the conservative traditions. The 1966 Constitution incorporated a long list of basic rights, and it provided for a strengthened legislature; however, it also gave extensive powers to the executive, including emergency powers. In this way, the country sought to bridge the gap between its democratic and its authoritarian constitutions, by compromising their differences.

Later constitutions were enacted in 1994 and 2002.

Office-holders

Latest election

See also
 List of presidents of the Dominican Republic
 Vice President of the Dominican Republic
 Politics of the Dominican Republic

Notes

References

External links
 Archivo General de la Nación – Gobiernos y Presidentes de la República Dominicana

Government of the Dominican Republic
.
1844 establishments in the Dominican Republic

President of the Dominican Republic


روبين مينو بيرالتا  (مواليد 18 يناير 1989 في كورنيلا دي يوبريغات في إسبانيا) لاعب كرة قدم إسباني يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى برشلونة الإسباني منذ 2004 في مركز حارس مرمى .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في رومانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في قبرص
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان مغتربون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من كورنيلا دي يوبريغات
حراس مرمى كرة قدم رجالية
رياضيون إسبان مغتربون في رومانيا
رياضيون إسبان مغتربون في قبرص
لاعبو الخيسيراس
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية ب
لاعبو الدوري القبرصي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو برشلونة
لاعبو برشلونة أتلتيك
لاعبو بوليتكنيكا ياشي
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الروماني
لاعبو ريال أوفييدو
لاعبو ريال مايوركا
لاعبو طلبيرة
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم كتلونيون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في رومانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في قبرص
لاعبو كرة قدم من مقاطعة برشلونة
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي ألباسيتي
لاعبو نادي أيك لارنك
لاعبو يونيون ديبورتيفا لوغرينييس
مواليد 1989
مواليد في كورنيلا دي يوبريغات

روبين مينو


Río Lacló del Norte (en portugués: Ribeira Lacló; en tetum: Mota Lakló; y también llamado Río Tacló del Norte, Lacló do Norte) es el río o arroyo más extenso del país asiático de Timor Oriental con 80 kilómetros.
El Río Lacló nace en el Lago Bericute al sur de Dili, corre hacia el nordeste y va a desaguar en el mar entre la Punta de Subaio y la bahía de Lanessana, en Manatuto, en la costa norte del país.

Es desde la Cordillera central de la isla que irrumpen los principales arroyos (incluyendo al río de Lacló) que en la época seca son simples venas de agua entre las crestas y valles. En la época de las lluvias tienen caudales impetuosos.

Véase también
 Geografía de Timor Oriental
 Geografía de Asia

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Vista aérea del Río en temporada seca

Ríos de Timor Oriental

Río Lacló del Norte


نهر سور يقع في شمال غرب إسبانيا ويلغ طوله 49 كم ينبع من مقاطعة لوقو ويصب في خليج بسكاي وتشكل مياه النهر عدة شلالات أثناء مروره وأيضا تكثر فيه أسماك السلمون

أنهار إسبانيا
أنهار جليقية

نهر سور


Legion of the Doomed é um filme de aventura americano de 1958 dirigido por Thor L. Brooks e escrito por Tom Hubbard e Fred Eggers. O filme é estrelado por Bill Williams, a playmate Dawn Richard, Anthony Caruso, Kurt Kreuger, Tom Hubbard e Hal Gerard. O filme foi lançado em 21 de setembro de 1958, pela Allied Artists Pictures.

Trama
Um americano da Legião Estrangeira Francesa descobre que seu comandante é um traidor que formou uma aliança com várias tribos no deserto do Saara.

Elenco

Ligações externas

Filmes ambientados em desertos
Filmes de aventura dos Estados Unidos
Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1958
Filmes em língua inglesa
Legião Estrangeira Francesa na cultura popular
Filmes sobre a Legião Estrangeira Francesa

Legion of the Doomed