Goodridge may refer to:

In places:
Goodridge, Alberta
Goodridge, Minnesota, a US city
Goodridge Township, Pennington County, Minnesota, USA

Other:
Goodridge v. Department of Public Health, a United States court case in the state of Massachusetts concerning same-sex marriage rights.

People with the given name Goodridge:
Goodridge (surname)

Goodridge


La microrregión de Porto Franco es una de las microrregiones del estado brasileño del Maranhão perteneciente a la mesorregión Sur Maranhense. Su población es según el censo de 2010 de 109 932 habitantes y está dividida en seis municipios. Su población está formada por negros y mulatos 41.5, caboclos(mestizos de indios y blancos)31.0, blancos 27.1, asiáticos 0.2 e indígenas 0.2, habitaban la región en 2010 187 indígenas. Posee un área total de 14.227,014 km².

Municipios

 Campestre do Maranhão
 Carolina
 Estreito
 Porto Franco
 São João do Paraíso
 São Pedro dos Crentes

Puerto Franco

Microrregión de Porto Franco


المنظر الطبيعي  أو المشهد الطبيعي يشمل المعالم الظاهرة في مساحة من الأرض، بما في ذلك العناصر المادية، مثل التضاريس، والعناصر الحية من النباتات والحيوانات، والعناصر المجردة مثل الإضاءة وحالة الطقس، والعناصر البشرية مثل النشاط البشري والمساحة المبنية..

انظر أيضاً
 طبيعة
 تصميم المناظر الطبيعية
 تجميل المناظر الطبيعية (لاندسكيب)

مراجع

طبوغرافيا
مناظر طبيعية

منظر طبيعي


Darrell Clayton Hammond (born October 8, 1955) is an American actor, comedian, impressionist, and announcer. Hammond was a regular cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live from 1995 to 2009, and has been its announcer since 2014.

Upon his departure from the cast in 2009, Hammond, at age 53, was the oldest cast member in the show's history. He has made more SNL appearances than any other cast member besides Kenan Thompson, and impersonated more than 107 celebrities, with Bill Clinton as his most frequent impression. On September 19, 2014, Hammond was announced as the new announcer of SNL, replacing Don Pardo, who had died the month before.

Early life
Hammond was born in Melbourne, Florida, the son of Margaret and Max Hammond. He was severely abused by his mother, contributing to his lifelong struggles with depression and substance abuse. Hammond's father, dealing with his own psychological issues resulting from his military service during World War II, often drank heavily and acted out violently. Hammond found as a child that doing impressions was the only thing he did his mother liked.

He played baseball in high school and at Brevard Community College. In high school, he was a teammate of future San Diego Padres and San Francisco Giants manager Bruce Bochy. He went on to attend the University of Florida, where he graduated in 1978 with a degree in advertising and a 2.1 GPA. He credits UF theater professor David Shelton for encouraging his work. After completing college, Hammond moved to New York City where he worked as a waiter, studied at HB Studio, played roles in theater productions, and performed one set at a comedy club at age 26. Hammond then returned to Florida where he was a radio DJ at BJ 105 FM, telling Howard Stern in 2002, "First I tried to be a jock, which I really sucked at," followed by being a voiceover artist in the Orlando area.

Career

Saturday Night Live
At 32 years old, Hammond moved back to New York to make one last attempt at being a stand-up comedian. After seven years and two failed Saturday Night Live auditions, he was spotted in 1995 by an SNL producer while doing a Bill Clinton impression - shortly after Phil Hartman, who had portrayed Clinton, left the show. After an exclusive audition for creator and executive producer Lorne Michaels, Hammond was brought on board as a cast member and performed for 14 seasons. He previously held the record for the longest consecutive tenure of any SNL cast member in the show's history, until he was surpassed by Kenan Thompson in 2017.

He also holds SNL records for the second most impressions by a single cast member (107, as of the Zac Efron/Yeah Yeah Yeahs episode), beat only by Thompson, and also for the most times saying the show's catchphrase "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!" to start the show (76 times, beating out Dana Carvey).

He is best known on the show for not only his impersonations of Bill Clinton, but also Al Gore, Donald Trump, John McCain, Regis Philbin, Dick Cheney, Chris Matthews, Phil Donahue, Phil McGraw, Ted Koppel, John Travolta, Jesse Jackson, Geraldo Rivera, Dan Rather, and Sean Connery, in the recurring "Celebrity Jeopardy!" skits. His impression of Clinton is currently the most frequent SNL impression of all time, appearing in 87 sketches over 14 years in the cast and numerous cameos. Hammond also impersonated SNL announcer Don Pardo, filling in for Pardo on occasions when the announcer was unavailable.

After the end of the 34th season, Hammond retired from the show after a record-breaking 14 years as a repertory player. Hammond was the last SNL cast member from the 1990s to leave the show. After leaving the show, he has made multiple cameo appearances.

In 2014 Hammond took over the announcer role on SNL starting with the 40th-season premiere, replacing Pardo, who had died that August. Since he began as announcer, he has also appeared in skits numerous times reprising his Clinton and Trump impersonations.

The following season Hammond reappeared on the show, doing his impression of Trump just as the real Trump began performing well in the Republican primaries. Hammond moved back to New York in 2016 after Trump won the nomination, expecting to be appearing on a weekly basis during the election. However, SNL producer Lorne Michaels decided instead to go with Alec Baldwin's impression, believing that it more effectively captured the contemporary Trump.

Other work
In the late 1980s, Hammond gained fame for his impersonations of Elmer Fudd and other Looney Tunes characters in the comedy single "Wappin'." The song was popular enough with Dr. Demento listeners to be included on the show's 20th-anniversary compilation.

Hammond is a frequent guest on The Howard Stern Show. He has also guest-starred in episodes of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and Law & Order: Criminal Intent;. He had his own stand-up comedy special on Comedy Central: Comedy Central Presents Darrell Hammond. Hammond can frequently be seen at The Comedy Cellar in New York City.

In the summer of 2007, Hammond made his Broadway theatre debut, playing the role of Vice Principal Douglas Panch in The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee. In 2009, Hammond had a guest starring role on the FX drama Damages. The same summer, Hammond appeared with Eli Manning, Peyton Manning, and Donald Trump in an Oreo commercial, where he does an impression of Trump.

Beginning in May 2015, Hammond began playing the role of fast-food mascot Colonel Sanders in an ad campaign for KFC, until Norm Macdonald replaced him on August 17, 2015.

Since returning to Los Angeles in 2017, Hammond has appeared in episodes of Criminal Minds, At Home with Amy Sedaris, and a Friday Night Lights spoof series on sports website The Kicker.

Personal life
Hammond married his wife, Elizabeth, on May 9, 1990. The couple divorced in the early 1990s, then remarried in 1997. They have a daughter together, Mia (born 1998). Hammond was seen with another woman several times in May and June 2011, prompting speculation about their marriage. During a 2012 appearance on the Imus in the Morning radio program, Hammond revealed that the couple was in the process of divorcing, and later that same year the divorce became final.

Hammond has admitted to struggling with alcoholism and cocaine addiction. The death of a close friend in 1991 led to a relapse of drug and alcohol abuse. Hammond regularly wears all black when not performing as an homage to another friend who committed suicide in 1992. After another relapse in 2009, Hammond went to rehab.

In August 2011, Hammond filed a lawsuit against Jose Mendez and Dona Monteleone after a car accident in which he was the passenger. Monteleone, who was driving Hammond's vehicle at the time of the accident, is a Manhattan real estate agent.

During an October 2011 interview with CNN, Hammond revealed that his mother had abused him during his childhood. His anxiety from abuse led to cutting, several hospitalizations due to psychiatric issues, and diagnoses which initially included bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and borderline personality disorder.

Hammond says that he was medicated throughout his tenure on Saturday Night Live, and that he cut himself backstage and was once taken from the studio to a psychiatric ward. The incident helped him come to terms with what he and the doctor who treated him realized was his fundamental issue, the posttraumatic stress disorder stemmed from his abusive childhood. Just prior to his 2000 appearance as Al Gore in a sketch parodying that year's first presidential debate, he had a panic attack due to forgetting his lines. However, he gave a performance so effective that Gore's campaign staff made him watch it to understand why he had aroused negative reactions in some viewers.

HarperCollins published Hammond's memoir, God, If You're Not Up There, I'm F*cked, in 2011. It is an account of his abusive childhood, psychiatric issues, struggles with substance abuse, and experiences on Saturday Night Live. In 2015 he adapted it into a one-man play starring himself, directed by Christopher Ashley, which debuted in San Diego, California, at La Jolla Playhouse to positive reviews. The director has expressed plans for a Broadway residency, although Hammond stated he would prefer an actor to play him instead, as he found the tour so stressful he had to be hospitalized twice during the Los Angeles run.

In 2015 Hammond revived his Trump impression on SNL, after Taran Killam's attempt failed to gain public interest. The following year he returned to New York after five years, expecting that with Trump having received the Republican presidential nomination that year, he would be appearing on the show more in the fall. When Alec Baldwin replaced him, he fell into a deep depression and was prescribed Antabuse and a beta blocker to prevent a relapse of his addiction issues. Hammond and his girlfriend eventually moved back to Los Angeles, where reminders of Baldwin's Trump impression were less advertised.

Entrapment incident
In the late 1980s, Hammond said that he worked briefly as a stand-up comedian on Premier Cruise Line ships. One evening, while the ship was docked in the Bahamas, Hammond says he visited a restaurant, where he consumed the equivalent of 16 shots of rum. He claimed that a man repeatedly asked him throughout the evening to take a dollar bill with trace amounts of cocaine on it. When he left the bar to use the restroom, the man followed him into the stall and told him, "I think you should take this with you." Believing he was about to be mugged, he relented, and the man placed the bill inside Hammond's pocket. Local police were waiting outside the restroom and quickly arrested him. According to Hammond, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration later told him that the episode had been a setup, and that local authorities regularly entrap American tourists; he spent a weekend in jail. Hammond was released after his father traveled to the Bahamas and paid $3,000 for his son's release.

Hammond first publicly mentioned his incarceration in the Bahamas as a guest on a 1998 episode of the radio show Loveline; and again when he returned to Loveline in 2000 and 2004, as well as during an appearance on the Opie & Anthony show in 2012.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

Darrell Hammond: 12 years on SNL

1955 births
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American impressionists (entertainers)
American male comedians
American male film actors
American male television actors
American sketch comedians
American stand-up comedians
Eastern Florida State College people
Living people
Male actors from Florida
Melbourne High School alumni
People from Melbourne, Florida
People with bipolar disorder
People with borderline personality disorder
People with schizophrenia
People with post-traumatic stress disorder
University of Florida alumni

Darrell Hammond


Saoz o saúz puede referirse a:

 El nombre común de la planta Salix alba.
 El nombre común de la planta Salix fragilis.

Saoz


حَرْفُ اللِين أو صوت اللِيْن أو الحرف صائِت  أو الحركة في النطقيات، هو كلام بشري يُنتج بطريق صوتي مفتوح بحيث لا يتراكم ضغط الهواء في أي نقطة فوق مزمار الحنجرة. يختلف هذا عن الحرف الصامت الناتج بإغلاق كامل أو جزئي للطريق الصوتي في نقطة ما على مسيره.

في اللغة العربية الصوائت هي الحركات الثلاثة -الفتح والكسر والضم- وأصوات المد الثلاثة -مد الألف والياء والواو. أما الصوامت (الحروف الصامته أو الساكنه) فهي كل ما عدا ذلك من الأصوات.

في الفونولوجيا، يعرف الصائت بأنه الصوت الذي يشكل نواة أو قمة مقطع لفظي؛ وهنا يحدث تضارب مع التعريف الصوتي حيث أن بعض الأصوات -كالأصوات المقاربة /j/ و/w/- تنتج بدون حدوث تضيق معتبر في الطريق الصوتي (وبالتالي هي صوائت صوتيا) ولكنها تقع على حواف المقاطع اللفظية، كما في كلمتي «يكتب» و«وقف» (وبالتالي هي صوامت صوتيا). تسمى هذه الأصوات بالأصوات شبه الصوائت أو شبه العليلة.

تمايز الصوائت

العوامل التي تمايز الأصوات الصائتية المختلفة عن بعضها أثناء النطق هي:
 الموضع العمودي للسان، والذي يحدد ما يعرف بالارتفاع.
 الموضع الأفقي للسان، والذي يحدد ما يعرف بالتأخر.
 ضم الشفتين من عدمه؛ يسمى ضم الشفتين بالتدوير.
 موضع الحنك الرخو والذي يحدد الأنفية.
 اهتزاز الحبال الصوتية من عدمه، والذي يحدد الجهر.
 انسحاب جذر اللسان.
 البلعمة.

الصوائت المرجعية

الصوائت المرجعية  هي مجموعة من الصوائت التي يستخدمها علماء الصوتيات كنقاط مرجعية يحددون على أساسها «مواقع» الصوائت الأخرى، وهو نظام ابتكره عالِم الصوتيات البريطاني دانيال جونز. تمثل هذه الصوائت أقصى درجات التطرف في كل اتجاه من الاتجاهات التي يمكن أن يتحرك فيها اللسان أثناء إنتاج الصوائت.

ارتفاع الصائت

يتحدد ارتفاع الصائت حسب الموضع العمودي للسان بالنسبة لسقف الفم. في الصوائت العالية كـ /i/ و/u/ يكون اللسان عاليا في الفم، أم في الصوائت المنخفضة كـ /a/ يكون اللسان منخفضا في الفم. في الأبجدية الصوتية الدولية (IPA) يستخدم مصطلح صائت مغلق بدلا من صائت عالي وصائت مفتوح بدلا من صائت منخفض.

توجد في IPA سبعة ارتفاعات صائتية مختلفة:
 صائت مغلق (عال)
 صائت قرب مغلق
 صائت متوسط مغلق
 صائت متوسط
 صائت متوسط مفتوح
 صائت قرب مفتوح
 صائت مفتوح (منخفض)

تحتوي كثير من اللغات -كالإنجليزية مثلا- على صوائت من الارتفاعات السبعة المختلفة. أما اللغة العربية الفصيحة فإنها نظريا تحتوي على صوائت من الارتفاع والانخفاض الأقصيين فقط.

تأخر الصائت

يشير تأخر الصائت أو تقدمه إلى موقع اللسان الأفقي داخل الفم أثناء نطق الصائت. في الصوائت المتقدمة أو الأمامية  كـ /i/ يكون اللسان أقرب لمقدمة الفم، بينما في الصوائت المتاخرة أو الخلفية كـ /u/ يكون اللسان أقرب لمؤخرة الفم.

يوجد في IPA خمسة درجات مختلفة من التأخر الصائتي:
 صائت أمامي
 صائت قرب أمامي
 صائت مركزي
 صائت قرب خلفي
 صائت خلفي

تدوير الصائت

تدوير الصائت يشير إلى كون الشفاه مضمومة أثناء نطقه، والتدوير الصائتي هو ظاهرة فرعية من ظاهرة أعم هي التشفيه أو الإشمام التي يمكن أن ترافق الصوامت كما الصوائت، ولكن مصطلح التدوير يستخدم عادة عند الحديث عن الصوائت بدلا من مصطلح التشفيه.

في معظم لغات العالم يكون التدوير مجرد ظاهرة تعزيزية للصوائت الخلفية المائلة إلى الارتفاع، ويزيد التدوير فيها بزيادة ارتفاع الصائت الخلفي (مثلا الضمة في اللغة العربية)، وبذلك فهي ظاهرة غير مميزة لأن التدوير هو من جنس التأخير كما أن عدم التدوير هو من جنس التقديم. ولكن هناك بعض اللغات التي يتم فيها التمييز بين التأخر والتقدم وبين التدوير؛ على سبيل المثال، تحوي اللغات اليونانية القديمة واللاتينية والفرنسية والألمانية صوائت امامية مدورة (حرف υ اليوناني و y اللاتيني و u الفرنسي وö وü الألمانيان) وكذلك تحوي اللغات التركية واللغة الفيتنامية صوائت خلفية غير مدورة. توجد هذه التمايزات أيضا في اللغات الأورالية واللغة الكورية.

يتأثر صوت الصائت المدور بطريقة ضم الشفاه، حيث يمكن أن يكون الضم مقرونا ببروز الشفاه (exolabial)، وهو الشائع في كثير من اللغات ومنها العربية، ويمكن أن لا يكون كذلك (endolabial)، وهذا موجود على سبيل المثال في نطق صوت /u/ الياباني.

أنفية الصائت

الأنفية في نطق الصوائت هي فرع من ظاهرة الخيشمة العامة التي يمكن أن تلحق الصوامت كما الصوائت. في اللفظ الأنفي أو الخيشومي لصوت ما ينخفض الحنك اللين ويخرج جزء من تيار الهواء من الانف بالإضافة إلى خروجه من الفم، بينما في اللفظ الفموي البحت يخرج كامل تيار الهواء من الفم. تشتهر اللغة الفرنسية بوجود التمايز فيها بين الصوائت الأنفية والفموية، ويوجد مثل هذا التمايز أيضا في اللغة البولندية والبرتغالية.

جهرية الصائت

الجهر في الأصوات عموما، أو التصويت، هو اهتزاز الحبال الصوتية أثناء نطق الصوت. تكون الصوائت عادة (كما كل السونورات) مجهورة، ولكن هناك في عدد من لغات الهنود الحمر تمايز بين صوائت مجهورة ونظائر غير مجهورة (مهموسة). في اللغة اليابانية والفرنسية الكيبيكية، غالبا ما تهمس الصوائت عندما تقع بين صامتين (حرفين ساكنين) مهموسين.

الطبيعة الثابتة مقابل الطبيعة المتغيرة

لا يشترط في اللسان أن يبقى ثابتا في موقع واحد أثناء إنتاج صائت، حيث من الممكن أن يبدأ اللسان في موقع ما ثم يتحرك بانسيابية وبدون تقطع في الصوت إلى مكان آخر، وبذلك ينشأ صوت صائتي ذو طبيعة متغيرة تتدرج بين صائتين مختلفين. يعرف هكذا صائت بالصائت المزدوج، بينما يعرف الصائت ذو الطبيعة الثابتة بالصائت المنفرد (Monophthong). يشترط في الصائت المزدوج الحقيقي أن يقع في مقطع لفظي واحد وإلا فإنه يعتبر عقدة مكونة من صائتين منفصلين.

بالإضافة إلى الصوائت المزدوجة يوجد في بعض اللغات صوائت يتم فيها الانسياب بين ثلاثة مواقع صائتية مختلفة تعرف بالصوائت الثلاثية (Triphthong).

صوائت اللغة العربية

اللغة العربية الفصيحة تحتوي نظريا على الصوائت التالية:
 صائت خلفي مغلق مدور /u/
 صائت أمامي مغلق غير مدور /i/
 صائت أمامي مفتوح غير مدور /a/

ولكن كما هو معروف فإن النطق الحقيقي للصوائت في اللغة العربية هو أوسع من هذا بكثير، فقد ذكر اللغويون الأوائل -وعلى رأسهم سيبويه- وأفاضوا في ذكر ظواهر التفخيم والترقيق والإمالة وغيرها مما يدل على وجود طيف صائتي واسع في الجزيرة العربية قديما كما هو الحال في العالم العربي اليوم. في وقتنا تشيع هذه الظواهر الثلاثة، حيث -على سبيل المثال- يلاحظ الترقيق في كثير من لهجات الشام (فلسطين) ومصر والمغرب، وتلاحظ الإمالة التامة في شمال سورية ولبنان وشرق ليبيا وتونس. أما التفخيم فيشيع اليوم في الخليج وفي غرب سورية ووسطها نزولا إلى دمشق.

انظر أيضاً

 تجويد
 صامت
 حرف علة

مراجع

طريقة النطق
علم الصوتيات
مصوتات

صائت


La arveja cana (Vicia onobrychioides ) es una planta de la familia de las fabáceas.

Descripción
Similar a Vicia altissima la arveja cana emite tallos largos, trepadores llamados "turiones", de hasta 50 cm., aunque suelen ser de unos 30, angulosos, con densos pelos blancos. Hojas ded 35-65 mm de largo, divididas en 4-14 pares de segmentos de 10-20 por 2,5-5,5 mm, estrechamente lanceolados, con "espinita" blanda terminla y zarcillo ramificado en varios "hilos". Flores mariposadas, en racimos con rabillo y hasta 50 flores, aunque suelen ser muchas menos. Pétalo de color púrpura a azul violáceo, grandes i abiertos, (9-12 mm de largo por 6-8 de ancho), que crecen y maduran de abajo arriba, desde primavera hasta el verano. El fruto es una legumbre de unos 2 cm de largopor 0,5 de ancho y 3-4 semillas.

Distribución y hábitat
De Portugal a Turquía y en el noroeste de África.
Crece en bordes de caminos, cunetas, ribazos y sobre todo en pastos frescos. Su nombre se refiere a la pilosidad canosa de sus tallos.

Taxonomía
Vicia onobrychioides fue descrita por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 2: 735. 1753.
Etimología
Vicia: nombre genérico que deriva del griego bíkion, bíkos, latinizado vicia, vicium = la veza o arveja (Vicia sativa L., principalmente).

onobrychioides: epíteto

Nombre común
 Castellano: alverjana, berzas, esparceta falsa, garrandas, veza, veza de montaña.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

onobrychioides
Flora de la cuenca mediterránea

Vicia onobrychioides


Hostice este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Rimavská Sobota din regiunea Banská Bystrica, pe malul râului . Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.069 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna Širkovce.

Istoric
Localitatea Hostice este atestată documentar din 1332.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Hostice


An Paepalanthus latipes in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Silveira. An Paepalanthus latipes in nahilalakip ha genus nga Paepalanthus, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Paepalanthus

Paepalanthus latipes


John Smyth may refer to:

John Smyth (English theologian) (1554–1612), considered the earliest Baptist
John Smyth (barrister) (1941–2018), British QC and Christian minister accused of abuse
John Smyth (footballer) (born 1970), Irish former professional footballer
John Smyth (Master of Pembroke) (1744–1809), clergyman and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford
John Smyth (minister) (1796–1860), Scottish minister in the Free Church of Scotland
John Smyth (priest) (died 1704), Anglican archdeacon in Ireland
John Smyth (sculptor) (c. 1773–1840), Irish sculptor
John Smyth (snooker referee) (1928–2007)
John Smyth (1748–1811), British member of parliament for Pontefract
John George Smyth (1815–1869), Conservative member of parliament for the City of York
John Henry Greville Smyth, English naturalist and collector
John Henry Smyth, British member of parliament for Cambridge University
John Paterson Smyth (1852–1932), Canadian Anglican priest, Archdeacon of Montreal
John Rowland Smyth (1803–1873), British soldier
Sir John Smyth, 1st Baronet (1893–1983), British MP, Privy Counsellor in 1962, recipient of the Victoria Cross during the First World War
John Ferdinand Smyth Stuart (1745–1814), until 1793 John Ferdinand Smyth, Scottish physician, soldier, and author

See also
John Smythe (disambiguation)
John Smith (disambiguation)

John Smyth


Spes, Roma mitolojisinde umut tanrıçasıdır, umutun tecessümüdür, cismanileşmesidir. "Son tanrıça" olarak anılırdı, bu umudun insana kalan son kaynak, son şans olduğuna bir göndermedir. Forum Holitorium'da ona adanmış bir tapınağı bulunurdu. Genellikle elinde barışı ve bolluğu temsil eden meyve saçan boynuz - cornucopia ve bir çiçek ile resmedilmiştir. Yunan mitolojisinde Elpis olarak geçer.

Roma tanrıçaları
Umut tanrıçaları
Antik Roma'da din

Spes


Pendant la partition des Indes en 1947, les femmes ont subi des violences sexuelles de masse : certaines estimations avancent que, au moment de la partition, entre  et  ont été enlevées et violées. Les viols commis par des hommes contre des femmes à cette période sont largement documentés ; certaines femmes ont agi en complices de ces agressions.

Des violences systématiques contre les femmes ont commencé en mars 1947 dans le district de Rawalpindi : des femmes sikhes sont prises pour cibles par des émeutiers musulmans. Des violences sont aussi commises de manière organisée : des Pathans retirent des femmes hindoues et sikhes depuis des trains de réfugiés ; un témoin déclare avoir vu des sikhs armés qui ont plusieurs fois entraîné avec eux des femmes musulmanes. Certaines auteurs estiment que le nombre de femmes musulmanes enlevées représente le double du nombre de femmes sikhes et hindoues enlevées, à cause des actions coordonnées de Jathas sikhs.

L'Inde et le Pakistan ont ensuite œuvré à rapatrier les femmes enlevées. Les musulmanes étaient transférées au Pakistan tandis que les hindoues et les sikhes étaient transférées en Inde.

Contexte
Au cours de la partition, la société pendjabie est affectée, à tous les niveaux, par des meurtres, des déplacements de personnes et des agressions. Des communautés rivales s'en prennent aux femmes pour les humilier ; ces violences se matérialisent par des viols, des enlèvements et des conversions forcées. Des violences contre les femmes ont aussi eu lieu dans les États du Jammu-et-Cachemire et du Rajputana.

Violences
Contrairement aux émeutes antérieures, les femmes sont ciblées pendant les émeutes d' à Calcutta. De nombreuses hindoues sont enlevées pendant les . Des flambées de violences contre les femmes se produisent lors . Des milliers de victimes sont enlevées dans le seul district de Patna. Des musulmanes du Bihar se suicident en se jetant dans des puits. En novembre 1946 à , les musulmanes sont déshabillées de force, emmenées nues en public et victimes de viols aux mains d'émeutiers hindous.

Des violences systématiques contre les femmes commencent en mars 1947 dans le district de Rawalpindi, où les sikhes sont prises pour cibles par des émeutiers musulmans. De nombreux villages hindous et sikhs sont rayés de la carte. Des quantités importantes d'hindous et de sikhs sont tués ou sujets à des conversions forcées ; les enfants sont kidnappés, les femmes enlevées et violées en public. Le bilan officiel des morts à Rawalpindi s'élève à . Avant de nouvelles vagues d'agressions, de nombreuses femmes sikhes se suicident en se jetant dans des puits à eau afin d'éviter les atteintes à leur honneur ainsi que les conversions forcées.

Des violences organisées se produisent également : des  retirent des femmes sikhes et hindoues des trains de réfugiés ; un témoin a vu des sikhs armés qui entraînent plusieurs fois des musulmanes hors de leur colonne de réfugiés et qui tuent tout homme qui s'interpose, tandis que les militaires cipayes encadrant les colonnes restent passifs.

Dans les communautés tant sikhes que musulmanes, la vengeance est un motif avancé pour justifier les agressions. Andrew Major remarque que l'enlèvement à grande échelle et le viol de jeunes filles s'inscrivent dans une campagne de « nettoyage ethnique » systématique dans la région du Gurgaon aux alentours de Delhi. À Amritsar, des musulmanes sont obligées de défiler nues.

De nombreux hommes influents, comme les commissaires adjoints et les fonctionnaires de police, ont tenté d'empêcher les enlèvements ou de secourir les victimes ; néanmoins, de nombreux autres hommes ont abusé de leur position d'autorité, comme le Maharadjah du Patiala qui a séquestré une jeune musulmane issue d'une famille réputée. Parmi les auteurs des violences figurent des fonctionnaires de police, de grands propriétaires terriens, des membres de la Ligue musulmane ainsi que des criminels ordinaires. Les Pathans armés, en particulier, étaient considérés comme les pires des délinquants, surtout dans le district de Rawalpindi. Les Pathans ont enlevé de nombreuses femmes non-musulmanes au Cachemire pour les revendre ensuite dans le  ; ces femmes vendues ont souvent fini comme des « travailleuses esclaves » dans des usines. Début 1948, les Pathans en viennent même à enlever des musulmanes.

Au Pendjab oriental, les policiers locaux et les soldats indiens ont souvent participé aux enlèvements et aux déplacements de musulmanes, aux côtés des jathas sikhes et des réfugiés venus du Pendjab occidental. D'après Anis Kidwa, les « meilleurs lots » étaient partagés entre les policiers et les soldats ; les autres étaient remises au reste des agresseurs. Dans les villages autour de Delhi, les policiers et les soldats de l'armée ont pris part au viol des musulmanes.

Estimations sur les enlèvements

Le nombre précis des victimes d'enlèvements n'est pas connu et plusieurs estimations sont proposées.  pense qu'au total,  ont été enlevées par l'ensemble des criminels. Le gouvernement indien avance que les victimes se composent de  et sikhes au Pakistan ; le gouvernement du Pakistan avance que  ont été enlevées en Inde. Andrew Major indique une fourchette de  à  victimes d'enlèvements pendant l'ensemble des émeutes à l'époque de la partition, et il estime qu'il y a eu deux fois plus de musulmanes enlevées que de femmes hindoues et sikhes. Masroor déclare qu'environ  ont été victimes d'enlèvement, alors que Begum Tassaduq Hussain pense qu'elles ont été .

Rapatriement des prisonnières

En septembre 1947, le Premier ministre indien Jawaharlal Nehru et le Premier ministre pakistanais Liaquat Ali Khan promettent de ne pas reconnaître les mariages forcés et les deux pays ratifient cet accord lors de la conférence inter-territoires de décembre, qui établit la procédure de rapatriement des prisonnières.

La mission de recueillir, de la part des familles, les réclamations concernant les femmes enlevées échoit aux Central Recovery Offices de chaque pays. Les policiers locaux sont chargés de localiser les victimes avec l'aide de leurs proches. Les travailleurs sociaux et les officiers de liaison des districts, nommés par l'agence de liaison du gouvernement pendjabi opposé, apportent aussi un important concours. Les femmes non-musulmanes retrouvées au Pakistan sont hébergées dans des camps de transit au niveau du district ; le camp central se trouve à Lahore. Un camp similaire est ouvert pour les musulmanes à Jalandhar. Des organismes d'évacuation militaire indiens et pakistanais sont formés pour garder et escorter les femmes jusqu'à leurs pays respectifs.

Les rapatriements et les transferts ralentissent quand Nehru, en janvier 1948, avoue qu'« aucun des deux côtés ne déploie d'efforts suffisants pour récupérer les victimes ». Les réfugiées hindoues et sikhes étant, par erreur, confondues avec des non-musulmanes victimes d'enlèvement, les statistiques à leur endroit dépassent le nombre de musulmanes retenues prisonnières ; leurs communautés orchestrent une campagne publique et demandent que les musulmanes ne soient pas libérées et demeurent comme otages. À terme, les deux pays s'accordent pour ne pas communiquer les statistiques sur les femmes rapatriées. La rivalité entre l'Inde et le Pakistan a aussi ralenti le rythme des rapatriements.

Le Pakistan avance que la lenteur des rapatriements est imputable aux nombreux hindoues qui refusent d'accueillir leurs parentes car ils les considèrent comme « souillées », argument que Nehru reconnaît, tout en accusant le Pakistan d'un manque de coopération. Les pluies abondantes et les inondations ont aussi contribué à ralentir les rapatriements au Pendjab occidental et, en janvier 1948, le Pakistan interdit aux fonctionnaires indiens l'entrée dans les districts frontaliers du Pendjab avec le Cachemire.

De nombreuses femmes ont aussi refusé le rapatriement, craignant la honte et le rejet infligés par leurs familles et leurs communautés ; d'autres victimes s'étaient adaptées à leurs nouvelles « familles » et ont donc refusé de revenir. En 1954, les deux gouvernement s'accordent pour dire que les femmes ne doivent pas être rapatriées de force.

Nombre de rapatriements

Entre décembre 1947 et décembre 1949,  sont rapatriées depuis le Pakistan et  depuis l'Inde. La plupart des rapatriements proviennent, par ordre de succession, de Pendjab oriental et occidental, du Jammu, du Cachemire et du Patiala. Sur une période de huit ans,  sont rapatriées par les deux gouvernements. Le nombre de musulmanes rapatriées est nettement plus élevé : elles sont , alors que les non-musulmanes représentent . La majorité des libérations se produisent entre 1947 et 1952, même si certains rapatriements ont eu lieu jusqu'en 1956.

Entre le  et le , les non-musulmanes rapatriées depuis le Pakistan représentent .  sont issues du Pendjab, 459 de la province de la Frontière-du-Nord-Ouest, 10 du Baloutchistan, 56 du Sind et 592 de Bahawalpur. Après le ,  sont rapatriées depuis le Jammu-et-Cachemire.

Sur la même période, le nombre de musulmanes rapatriées d'Inde s'élève à .  d'entre elles sont issues du Pendjab,  du Patiala et de l'Union des États de Patiala et du Pendjab oriental ; après le , le nombre de musulmanes rapatriées depuis le Jammu-et-Cachemire représente . 200 musulmanes sont rapatriées depuis Delhi.

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Agression sexuelle de masse
 Condition des femmes en Inde
 Condition des femmes au Pakistan

Documentation

 Ouvrages
 Barbara D. Metcalf; Thomas R. Metcalf (24 septembre 2012). A Concise History of Modern India. Cambridge University Press. .

Liens externes
 Whitehead, Andrew Women victims of partition -- Brutalised and humiliated

Agression sexuelle collective
Violence contre les femmes en Inde
Violence contre les femmes au Pakistan
Indes
Histoire contemporaine de l'Inde
Histoire du Pakistan
Politique dans le monde indien
Tension intercommunautaire
Nettoyage ethnique
1947 en Inde
1947 au Pakistan
Migration forcée
Enlèvement
Violence en Inde
Violence au Pakistan
Violence au Bangladesh

Violence contre les femmes pendant la partition des Indes


Renfrew is a small unincorporated village on the Connoquenessing Creek in Penn Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded by David A. Renfrew in 1882 on his farm.  It was once a booming oil town with a general store, a school, a post office, a gas station, and a Methodist church. In September 2004, Renfrew experienced massive flooding due to rainfall caused by the remnants of Hurricane Ivan. The Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad still runs materials to and from the AK Steel mill in Butler through Renfrew along Railroad St. Once used by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, it was at one time a thriving railway that would travel down to Pittsburgh.

External links
1882 history, gives information on David A. Renfrew and the town
1895 history of Butler County, describing founding of the town
Survey of the oil wells
David Renfrew

Pittsburgh metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Butler County, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania

Renfrew, Pennsylvania


David Babych, dit Dave Babych (1961-),  joueur professionnel canadien de hockey sur glace.
 Valeriy Babych (1953-2020), homme politique, économiste et homme d'affaires ukrainien.
 Wayne Babych (1958-), joueur professionnel canadien de hockey sur glace.

Babych


Oversinging ( "cantar demais") é um termo, às vezes depreciativo, usado para descrever estilos vocais musicalmente dominantes, que incluem melismas, belting e um uso excessivo de ornamentos durante o canto.

Definição
A professora e instrutora vocal Melinda Imthurn escreve:"Já que oversinging não é um termo técnico, é difícil de definir. Para alguém ele pode significar puxar a voz para além da técnica saudável de canto, enquanto para outros pode significar ornamentar uma canção em excesso, a um ponto onde a melodia não é mais reconhecível."Oversinging não é uma palavra encontrada comumente em dicionários, mas é um fenômeno conhecido. Nos Estados Unidos, suas origens podem ser traçadas ao sucesso de Whitney Houston na década de 1980. Ele pode ser entendido tecnicamente como pôr pressão demais pela laringe, sendo o resultado uma produção exagerada de som. Oversinging também pode ser chamado de "ginástica vocal" quando se referindo ao uso de melismas. O treinador vocal Roger Burnley descreve este tipo de oversinging como "usar muitos riffs, runs e ornamentos".

Críticas
Há críticas sobre a prevalência de oversinging em competições de canto como American Idol e The Voice, e alguns atribuem este fenômeno à popularidade de cantoras como Christina Aguilera, Céline Dion e Mariah Carey. Estas, bem como Whitney Houston, Kelly Clarkson e Ariana Grande, são conhecidas por seu frequente uso de melismas e belting. Críticas são em geral focadas na "ginástica vocal" exagerada, que alguns sentem que prejudica os méritos artísticos de uma canção.

Lesões nas cordas vocais
Forçar a voz de canto, como em um belting sem a coordenação correta, pode levar ao desenvolvimento de nódulos nas cordas vocais. Cantores profissionais em turnês extensivas ou com cronogramas apertados correm um grande risco de prejudicarem suas vozes, a não ser que consigam descansar suas cordas vocais, dormir o suficiente e se alimentar corretamente.

Alguns cantores famosos que desenvolveram nódulos nas cordas vocais são Luciano Pavarotti, Mariah Carey, Freddie Mercury, Joss Stone, Marina Lima e Mallu Magalhães. Outros, que tiveram nódulos nas cordas vocais cirurgicamente tratados, incluem Björk, Justin Timberlake, Sam Smith, Tove Lo, Adele, Shirley Manson, Keith Urban, John Mayer e Rod Stewart. Julie Andrews teve sua voz danificada permanentemente pela cirurgia. A cirurgia de retirada de nódulos realizada em Elton John alterou sua voz permanentemente.

Uma pesquisa realizada pelo Massachusetts General Hospital, que analisou um grupo de cantores de elite com danos nas cordas vocais, revelou que 90% daquelas lesões haviam sido causadas por trauma e uso excessivo da voz.

Técnicas de canto

Oversinging


Fristilsbrydning er en af de 2 brydningsstile, der findes ved de olympiske lege. I fristil må man til forskel for Græsk-romersk brydning udføre greb under modstanderens hofte. Fristil dyrkes primært af kvinder i Danmark, men i en lang række andre lande, dyrkes det også af mænd.

Brydning

Fristilsbrydning


Maryam Akbari Monfared (født 14. december 1975 i  Iran) er en iransk menneskerettighedsforkæmper og politisk fange, der kæmper for politiske fangers forhold i Iran.

I 1980'erne blev tre af hendes brødre og én af hendes søstre henrettet. Hun har ført an i en formel klage, der krævede sandhed og retfærdighed for hendes søskende og de tusindvis af politiske fanger, der var ofre for udenretslig henrettelse i 1988.

Maryam blev arresteret i 2009 og forsvandt tvungent i fem måneder. I dag afsoner hun en dom på 15 års fængsel, efter at hun blev dømt for at have "en fjendtlig indstilling over for Gud".  Selv mens hun tilbageholdes, fører Maryam kampagner og bruger sin stemme ved at publicere åbne breve om kvinders fængselsforhold.

På baggrund af klagen er hun blevet truet med at få forlænget sin fængselsstraf og at blive forbudt adgang til medicinsk behandling i fængslet.

Kilder

Menneskerettighedsaktivister fra Iran

Maryam Akbari Monfared


Müjde Ar, asıl adıyla Kâmile Suat Ebrem, (21 Haziran 1954, İstanbul), Türk oyuncu.

1980'li yıllarda rol aldığı filmlerle sinemada kadın kimliğini değiştiren, kadın cinselliğine farklı bir bakış açısı getiren kadın filmlerinin unutulmaz oyuncusu olmuş; Türk sinemasındaki kadın temsilinin değişmesini sağlamıştır.

Hayatı ve kariyeri
Söz yazarı ve tiyatro oyuncusu Aysel Gürel ile gazeteci Vedat Ebrem'in (Akın) ilk çocuğu olarak dünyaya geldi, oyuncu Mehtap Ar'ın ablasıdır. Sekiz yaşında Oraloğlu Tiyatrosu'nda sahneye çıktı. 1970'lerin başlarında tiyatro ve fotoroman oyunculuğu, fotomodellik ve mankenlik yaptı. Halit Refiğ'in yönetmenliğini yaptığı, Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil'in ünlü romanının ilk televizyon uyarlaması olan 1975 tarihli Aşk-ı Memnu dizisindeki "Bihter" rolüyle bir anda şöhret oldu ve sinemaya geçti. 1970'li yıllarda ağırlıklı olarak sinema endüstrisinin taleplerine göre olan rolleri canlandırdı. Bu arada şarkıcı olarak da sahneye çıktı.

1980'de Atıf Yılmaz'ın yönettiği Deli Kan ve 1981'de Ömer Kavur'un yönettiği Ah Güzel İstanbul filmlerinde rol aldı. Birçok sinema oyuncusunun cesaret edemediği zor rolleri üstlenerek, gitgide, cinselliğinden çekinmeyen, sorunlarına sahip çıkmak isteyen bir kadın tipi yarattı. Bu dönemdeki filmleri arasında Göl (1982), İffet (1982), Şalvar Davası (1983), Dağınık Yatak (1984), Fahriye Abla (1984), Dul Bir Kadın (1985), Adı Vasfiye (1985), Kupa Kızı (1986), Aaahh Belinda (1986), Teyzem (1986), Asılacak Kadın (1986), Afife Jale (1987) ve Arabesk (1988) sayılabilir.

Yönetmenliğini Mustafa Altıoklar'ın yaptığı Ağır Roman'da (1997) "Tina" karakterini, Sinan Çetin'in yönettiği, 2000 yapımı Komser Şekspir'de emektar bir hayat kadınını, Atıf Yılmaz'ın son filmi olan 2004 yapımı Eğreti Gelin'''de ise yaşına göre olgun davranmayan oğlu Ali'yi evlendirmeye çalışan "İffet" karakterini canlandırdı.

Müjde Ar, 40 yılı aşkın sanat hayatında Atıf Yılmaz, Zeki Ökten, Halit Refiğ, Osman F. Seden, Nejat Saydam, Kartal Tibet, Ertem Eğilmez, Şerif Gören, Sinan Çetin, Ömer Kavur, Başar Sabuncu, Mustafa Altıoklar,  Serdar Akar gibi yönetmenlerin filmlerinde rol aldı.Adı Vasfiye ve Aaahh Belinda filmindeki performansıyla 1986 yılında, Yolcu filmindeki performansıyla 1993 yılında Antalya Altın Portakal Film Festivali'nde En İyi Kadın Oyuncu ödülünü kazandı. 1997 yılında düzenlenen 34. Antalya Altın Portakal Film Festivali'nde Yaşam Boyu Onur Ödülü, 2008 yılında düzenlenen 35. Altın Kelebek Ödülleri'nde Altın Kelebek 35. Yıl Özel Ödülü'nü kazanmıştır.

2007 ile 2009 arasında NTV'de Pınar Kür, Çiğdem Anad ve Aysun Kayacı'yla birlikte Haydi Gel Bizimle Ol adlı programı yaptı. 2008 yılında bu programda yaptığı "Adıyamanlılar hâlâ mağarada yaşıyor" ifadesi nedeniyle Adıyaman ve İlçeleri Dayanışma Derneği Başkanı Şükrü Orak ve avukatı Hacı Orhan tarafından Kayacı ve Ar hakkında suç duyurusunda bulunuldu ve "Basın Yoluyla Hakaret" suçundan Türk Ceza Kanunu 301. maddesinden dava açılması istendi.

Müjde Ar 2020 yılında Bodrum'da yaşadığı gürültü kirliliğinin ardından Gürültüsüz Yaşam Platformu'nu kurdu. Ar'a ilk destek dünyaca ünlü piyanist Fazıl Say'dan geldi.

 Özel hayatı
İlk evliliğini 21 yaşında yönetmen Samim Değer ile yaptı. Ar, kısa süre sonra boşandı. Uzun yıllar müzisyen Attila Özdemiroğlu ile beraberlik yaşamış olan Ar, 1995'te birlikte olmaya başladığı Ercan Karakaş ile 2005'ten beri evlidir.

 Tiyatro oyunları
 Aç Koynunu Ben Geldim Varyemez (Cimri)

 Filmografisi
 Sinema

 1974: Sayılı Kabadayılar 1975: Köçek 1975: Babacan 1975: Batsın Bu Dünya 1975: Pisi Pisi 1975: Baldız 1976: Deli Gibi Sevdim 1976: Selam Dostum 1976: Taşra Kızı 1976: Adalı Kız 1976: Tosun Paşa 1976: Öyle Olsun 1976: Mağlup Edilemeyenler 1976: Gel Barışalım 1977: Sarmaş Dolaş 1977: Vahşi Sevgili 1977: Tokat / Günahın Bedeli 1977: Kızını Dövmeyen Dizini Döver 1977: Lanet / İlenç 1977: Tatlı Kaçık 1977: Gülen Gözler 1977: Nehir 1978: Şahit 1978: Güneşten de Sıcak 1978: Kaybolan Yıllar 1978: Alevli Yıllar 1978: Kibar Feyzo 1978: Töre 1979: Aşkı Ben mi Yarattım 1980: Kır Gönlünün Zincirini 1981: Deli Kan 1981: Feryada Gücüm Yok 1981: Ah Güzel İstanbul 1981: Çirkinler de Sever 1982: Göl 1982: İffet 1983: Şalvar Davası 1983: Aile Kadını 1983: Aşk Adası 1983: Güneşin Tutulduğu Gün 1984: Gizli Duygular 1984: Dağınık Yatak 1984: Fahriye Abla 1985: Dul Bir Kadın 1985: Adı Vasfiye 1985: Çıplak Vatandaş 1986: Aaahh Belinda 1986: Asiye Nasıl Kurtulur? 1986: Asılacak Kadın 1986: Kupa Kızı 1986: Teyzem 1987: Afife Jale 1987: Kaçamak 1988: Arabesk 1990: Aşk Filmlerinin Unutulmaz Yönetmeni 1994: Yolcu 1997: Ağır Roman 2000: Komser Şekspir 2000: Dar Alanda Kısa Paslaşmalar 2004: Eğreti Gelin 2007: Kilit 2009: Bozkırda Deniz Kabuğu Televizyon
 1975: Aşk-ı Memnu 2000: Karakolda Ayna Var 2003: Serseri Aşıklar 2003: Alacakaranlık 2006: Ayın Yıldızı - tv filmi
 2006: Kuşdili 2009: Benim Annem Bir Melek 2013: Aşk Ekmek Hayaller Dijital / İnternet
 2018: Şahsiyet''

Ödüller
 1986: 23. Altın Portakal Film Festivali - En İyi Kadın Oyuncu - Aaahh Belinda
 1986: 23. Altın Portakal Film Festivali - En İyi Kadın Oyuncu - Adı Vasfiye
 1993: 30. Altın Portakal Film Festivali - En İyi Kadın Oyuncu - Yolcu
 1997: 34. Altın Portakal Film Festivali - Yaşam Boyu Onur Ödülü
 2008: 13. Sadri Alışık Tiyatro ve Sinema Oyuncu Ödülleri - Sinema Onur Ödülü
 2010: 17. Uluslararası Adana Altın Koza Film Festivali - Yaşam Boyu Onur Ödülü

Ayrıca bakınız
 Türk oyuncu film listeleri
 Türkiye'deki film festivalleri
 Yeşilçam oyuncuları

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Beyazperde'de Müjde Ar
 IMDb'de Müjde Ar
 Sinemalar.com'da Müjde Ar
 SinemaTürk'te Müjde Ar
 TSA'de Müjde Ar
 Radikal da Sinemada son yıldız
 Literal Affairs dergisi'nde Müjde Ar Olsa; Müjde Ar Oysa

Yaşayan insanlar
1954 doğumlular
İstanbul doğumlu kadın oyuncular
Türk kadın tiyatro oyuncuları
Türk kadın sinema oyuncuları
Türk kadın dizi oyuncuları
20. yüzyılda Türk kadın oyuncular

Müjde Ar


A prova do salto triplo feminino do Campeonato da Europa de Atletismo de 2022 foi disputada entre os dias 17 a 19 de agosto de 2022, no Estádio Olímpico de Munique, em Munique na Alemanha.

Recordes
Antes desta competição, os recordes mundiais e do campeonato nesta prova eram os seguintes:

Medalhistas

Cronograma
Todos os horários são locais (UTC+2).

Resultados

Qualificação
Qualificação: Desempenho de 14.40 m (Q) ou os 12 melhores qualificados (q).

Final
A final ocorreu no dia 19 de agosto às 20:55.

Ligações externas

Site da Associação Europeia de Atletismo

Campeonato da Europa de Atletismo de 2022

Campeonato da Europa de Atletismo de 2022 - Salto triplo feminino


Standiford bezeichnet:

 Standiford (Louisville), eine ehemalige Ortschaft in Louisville, USA

Standiford ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Elisha Standiford (1831–1887), US-amerikanischer Politiker
 Les Standiford, US-amerikanischer Historiker

Standiford


Darinka Radović (Kloka, 6. siječnja 1896.-Rajkovac 23. svibnja 1943.), bila je zemljoradnica i narodni heroj Jugoslavije. Rođena je 7. siječnja 1896. godine u selu Kloki kod, Natalinaca, a od udaje je živela u selu Rajkovcu, kod Topole. Četnici su je ubili zajedno s njezine dvije ćerke u svibnju 1943. godine.

Životopis
Potjecala je iz siromašne zemljoradničke obitelji i nije se školovala. Od udaje 1919. živela je u selu Rajkovcu, kod Topole i u braku sa suprugom Vojislavom dobila dve ćerke — Radmilu i Stanku. Zajedno sa suprugom, bavila se zemljoradnjom i nije se interesirala za politiku.1941. njen suprug je kao vojnik Jugoslavenske vojske zarobljen i odveden u njemačko zarobljeništvo.

U vrijeme ustanka u Srbiji, u ljeto 1941. mještani njenog sela počeli su pomagati partizane, zbog čega je selo postalo značajno partizansko uporište. Nakon Prve neprijateljske ofanzive, u jesen 1941. Darinka i njene ćerke su se uključile u Narodnooslobodilački pokret (NOP) i počele u svoju kuću da primaju partizane i partijske radnike, koji su bili progonjeni od okupatorskih i kvinsliških snaga. Tijekom 1942. njena kuća postala je značajna partizanska baza, a u njenom dvorištu bilo je iskopano podzemno sklonište. Pored partizanskih boraca i kurira, ovdje su svraćali i rukovodioci partizanskog pokreta, među kojima i Dušan Petrović Šane, sekretar Okružnog komiteta KPJ.

Kako bi zaplašili mještane Rajkovca i odvratili ih od suradnje sa partizanima, pripadnici Oplenačke brigade Gorske kraljeve garde su Darinku i njene ćerke — dvadesetogodišnju Radmilu i četrnaestogodišnju Stanku, kao poznate partizanske suradnice, zaklali u noći 22/23. maja 1943. u seoskoj crkvenoj porti. Kao motiv za ovo ubojstvo spominje se zemunica sa ranjenim partizanom, koju nisu htjele otkriti četnicima. U Topoli im je posvećen Spomenik majkama i ćerkama Šumadije.

Za narodnog heroja proglašena je 9. listopada 1953. godine.

Izvori

Narodni heroji Jugoslavije
Nasilje protiv žena
Životopisi, Srbija
Žrtve četničkih zločina u Drugom svjetskom ratu

Darinka Radović


Yannis Saulis (Yunan: Γιάννης Σαούλης, 1 Mayıs 1962, Selanik), Yunan şarkıcı, besteci.

Albümleri

Karşıyakadan Güldeste Türk ve Yunan Şiirleri ve Müzikleri
 1. Ege'nin Çiçekleri
 2. 59 Şiir
 3. Çocuk
 4. Arama O Ağaçları
 5. Aralık, 1903
 6. Deniz Kızı
 7. Efes
 8. Ellerim
 9. Uyku Üstine
 10. Mektup
 11. Çocuğun Elleri
 12. O Evin Önünde
 13. Sevgilerde
 14. Anastasia
 15. İkimiz
 16. Sitem
 17. Rakının Dansı
 18. Soyağacı
 19. Girit'ten Bir Mübadil
 20. Taşınmalar
 21. Ne Anlatır Yunan Şarkıları
 22. Küçük Yeşil Deniz
 23. Zeytinli Fırın Sokağı
 24. Ege'nin Karşı Kıyısından Gelen Mektuba Karşılık
 25. Yaşamak
 26. Beyaz Mendil
 27. Barış
 28. İki Balıkçı
 29. Hürriyete Doğru
 30. 36 Şiir
 31. Güz
 32. 92 Şiir
 33. Aynı İnsan

Anatoliki Pili
 1. Kalosorisma Stin Auli Tou Pelagous
 2. Stin Auli Tou Pelagous
 3. Anatoliki Pili
 4. Kypros, I Petra Tou Romiou
 5. Thalarassina Ta Oneira Tou Kosmou
 6. Renée
 7. Leukosia
 8. To Oroma Tou Michali
 9. OooAaa!!!
 10. I Mera Keini Den Tha 'Greisi
 11. Kourasmeno Palikari
 12. Apohairetismos

San Magameno
 1. Ionia, To O Ne Omega
 2. O Kapetanakis
 3. Fovamai Mi Se Haso
 4. O Xemangas
 5. Sala Sala
 6. O Choros Tis Androulas
 7. I Acharisti
 8. Apokliros
 9. San Magenemo To Myalo Mou
 10. Choros Se 5/8
 11. Oi Meraklides
 12. O Amanes Tis Kalis Nychtas
 13. Manaki Mou
 14. Mikra Asia, Haire

Kayıkçı
 1. The Bird
 2. Kayıkçı
 3. Minore
 4. Bir Kuç
 5. Bosphorus
 6. Ena Pouli
 7. Kaikcis
 8. O Amanes Tis Kalis Nychtas
 9. San Magenemo
 10. Stin Auli Tou Pelagous
 11. Terirem
 12. Haydi !!

Son
 1. Ege'nin Avlusunda
 2. İstanbul'da Saat Beş
 3. İlk Deneme
 4. Otobüste
 5. Gidiyoruz
 6. Tabii Tabii Anlıyorum
 7. Yıldız Kaydı
 8. Eski Yıldız
 9. Hem Güzel Hem Akıllı
 10. Kelebekler
 11. Gel Hele
 12. Oğlanı Öldürmedik!
 13. Suzan'ımın Kalbi
 14. Yalancı Vals
 15. Tabii Tabii Anladım
 16. İhanet
 17. Selim
 18. Kaderin Cilvesi
 19. Porsche'yi de Bırak
 20. İkinci Deneme
 21. Filmimizin Galası
 22. Sevgi
 23. Renee
 24. İstanbul'da Oldu
 25. Büyük Şehir
 26. Son

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 https://web.archive.org/web/20060509054015/http://www.easterngate.net/yannis.htm

1962 doğumlular
Selanik doğumlu müzisyenler
Yunan erkek şarkıcılar
Yunan besteciler
Rebetiko müzisyenleri
Yaşayan insanlar

Yannis Saulis


Bolívar (, ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital city is Ciudad Bolívar, but the largest city is Ciudad Guayana. Bolívar State covers a total surface area of  and as of the 2011 census, had a population of 1,410,964. The state contains Angel Falls.

History

Spanish Colonization
During the time of the Spanish Empire, it was part of the province of Nueva Andalucía and later it was annexed to the province of Guayana from 1777 when King Charles III created the Captaincy General of Venezuela.

The capital of the state, Ciudad Bolivar was founded on December 21, 1595 by Antonio de Berrío, who had come from Nueva Granada (present-day Colombia) with the mission of populating Guyana. The town, originally called Santo Tomás de Guayana, was a fortified port that had to move three times, since it was the target of constant assaults by Caribbean Indians and European corsairs, among whom Sir Walter Raleigh stood out in 1617.

In 1764 it found a definitive site on the banks of the Orinoco, in its narrowest sector, for which it took the name of Santo Tomás de la Nueva Guayana de la Angostura del Orinoco, known simply as Angostura, a name that has persisted for over 80 years and is still remembered today.

In 1800, Baron Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland visited Angostura and from there they went through El Pao to Barcelona and then to Cumaná, thus ending the tour of Venezuela.

Independence Era
The Congress of Angostura, inaugurated on February 15, 1819 by the Liberator Simón Bolívar, under the inspiration of General Francisco de Miranda's Ideology, represented the second Constituent Congress of the Republic of Venezuela. It was convened in the context of the wars of independence of Venezuela and the New Granada.

In 1821 (during the Great Colombia) it became a department of Orinoco with the largest extension of the time (whose capital was Santo Tomás de la Nueva Guayana de la Angostura del Orinoco or Angostura).

When Gran Colombia was dissolved, the territory changed to the Province of Guayana until 1854 when it became the Province of Orinoco (whose capital was Ciudad Bolívar).

19th century
After the separation in 1856 of the then Federal Territory Amazonas, the province of Guayana was renamed in 1864 as the Sovereign State of Guayana once the Federal Revolution came to power under the command of Juan Crisóstomo Falcón.

In 1864, Guyana became one of the independent states of the United States of Venezuela. In 1879, it was one of the seven states of the Federation, without the territory corresponding to Amazonas which had become Federal Territory Amazonas.

In 1881, it became one of the nine political entities into which the country was divided, receiving the name of Great State Bolivar formed by Guayana and Apure. Its territory was diminished with the creation of the federal territories Yuruari and El Caura (1881), Armisticio (1883) and Delta (1884). Between 1890 and 1893, it recovered these territories.

In 1887, the current state of Delta Amacuro was separated from the state of Guayana. In 1899, the Apure and Guayana States were separated and established their autonomy; and it is from the 1901 Constitution that the name of Guayana State is changed to Bolivar State, as a tribute to the Liberator, Simón Bolívar.

In Angostura, Bolívar convened the Second Congress of the Republic of Venezuela on February 15, 1819. His inaugural speech and the constitution he proposed comprise the last of the three most important documents of his career. The Correo del Orinoco was also published between 1818 and 1820, giving birth to the Venezuelan free press.

20th century

On 21 July 1903, in the vicinity of Ciudad Bolivar, the last battle of the Liberating Revolution was fought where the government army under the command of Juan Vicente Gómez defeated the opposition forces of General Nicolás Rolando. The defeat of the Liberating Revolution marked the end of the 19th century in Venezuela, which was characterized by political instability and great civil wars, giving way to a period of consolidation of the central government under the rule of the Andean people.

The state gained more autonomy in 1989 when the first elections for governor and legislative assembly were held and the practice of appointments from the central government in Caracas was ended.

On 13 November 2006, the Orinoquia Bridge was inaugurated, the second largest in the country, which facilitates communications between Ciudad Guayana and the opposite bank of the Orinoco River in the states of Anzoátegui and Monagas.

The Orinoco Mining Arc (AMO), officially created, on 24 February 2016, as the Arco Mining Orinoco National Strategic Development Zone, 2 is an area rich in mineral resources that the Republic of Venezuela has been operating since 2017; occupies mostly the north of the Bolivar state and to a lesser extent the northeast of the Amazonas state and part of the Delta Amacuro state. It has 7,000 tons of reserves of gold, copper, diamond, coltan, iron, bauxite and other minerals.

Geography

Geographical location
It is bordered to the north by the Orinoco River and the States of Delta Amacuro, Monagas, Anzoátegui and Guárico; to the south by the Federative Republic of Brazil; to the southwest by the State of Amazonas; to the east by the territory of Guayana Esequiba, in dispute with the Cooperative Republic of Guyana; and to the west by the State of Apure.

Three major landscapes can be recognized in a relief between the Guiana shield: the isolated Orinoco savannahs and low mountains, the mountainous landscape dominated by the tabular peaks of the Tepuis and the valleys of the tributaries of the Orinoco and the lowlands and partly savannahs of the Yuruari, limited to the east by the Imataca mountain range.

Relief
Almost all of the state is occupied by the Guiana massif; this suffered epirogenic movements that reactivated the basal rock of the shield, cut by fluvial erosion, reached it and gave rise to a staggering of jumps, originating tabular reliefs known as tepuis.

The Tepuis are located mainly in the center and south of the structure. The average altitude is 400 m, with a generalized south-north slope. The highest plateaus exceed 2,000 m. The highest point is Mount Roraima (2,875 m), located in the Pacaraima Range, which continues south with those of Parima and Tapirapeco. The north of the massif is quite homogeneous, with heights below 400 m and numerous witness hills. In the northeast, the Nuria and Imataca mountains stand out, as well as plateaus and hills over 500 m high drained by the Yuruari River. The southeast sector is separated from the northwest sector by the Erebato River and the upper Ventuari Valley. It comprises the Great Savannah and the rest of the territory west of the Caroni River, made up of three high plateaus. The southwest of the massif is made up of lowlands through which the Ventuari, Alto Río Negro and Alto Orinoco rivers flow, with flat topography interrupted by witness hills.

Hydrography

Except for the area comprised in the Yuruari- Cuyuni river basin, the entire state is included in the Orinoco drainage system. Among the most important rivers are the Caroní, the Paragua and the Caura, etc. All of them dig their courses through a rugged topography in the hard rocks of the Guiana shield, giving rise to rapid valleys and waterfalls. In the case of the Caroní River, these unevennesses have allowed the establishment of powerful hydroelectric plants. The Guri Reservoir and the Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant (formerly Raúl Leoni), which covers more than 80,000 hectares, is the most important center for electricity generation in Venezuela. The Churún River, a tributary of the Caroní River, flows from the Auyan Tepui plateau, with a 936.60-meter drop: Angel Falls, the highest in the world.

Climate
The average annual temperature (Max-Min) is between 27 and 30 °C (Puerto Ordaz area). Between 27 and 31 °C (Ciudad Bolivar Zone). Between 18 and 23 °C (Gran Sabana Zone). The climate is tropical, although it varies according to the zones; thus, the low areas present high temperatures, which reach an average of 27 °C, and abundant rainfall. The variation of the climate of the extensive territory is determined by the altitude and the winds since the latitude (between 4° and 8° of North latitude) places it totally in the equatorial strip. The low northern lands, influenced by the east and northeast winds, are characterized by a rainy season and a dry season, both very marked; the southern lands receive winds loaded with humidity from the Amazon depression and from the southeast that condense at the contact of the elevations producing intense rains of more than 1600 mm.

Area
The State of Bolivar is the largest state in Venezuela and covers a large area of 242,801 km² which represents 26.49% of the national total. In addition, de Iure claims the territories of Guayana Esequiba south of the Cuyuni River, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Potaro-Siparuni and Alto Tacutu-Alto Esequibo, which would increase the territory by 124,414 km².

The geography of the State of Bolivar is as follows: the State of Bolivar is located in the southeast of Venezuela, it has jungle vegetation and a savannah climate, the State is mostly limited by the Orinoco River. It borders on several Venezuelan states and on the republics of Guyana and Brazil.

Politics and government
The State is autonomous and politically equal to the rest of the Federation. It organizes its administration and its public powers through the Constitution of the State of Bolivar, approved by the Legislative Council in Ciudad Bolivar on July 2, 2001.

Executive Power
It is composed of the Governor of the State of Bolivar and a group of State Secretaries. The Governor is elected by the people through direct and secret vote for a period of four years and with the possibility of being reelected continuously, being in charge of the state administration. The current Governor is Justo Noguera Pietri of the PSUV.

Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.

Legislative power
The State Legislature is the responsibility of the unicameral Legislative Council of the State of Bolivar, elected by the people through direct and secret vote every four years, with the possibility of continuous re-election, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the State and its municipalities. The State has 15 deputies, of which 4 belong to the opposition and 11 to the ruling party, including a representation of the indigenous peoples and communities of the State of Bolivar.

Demographics

Populated centres

Ciudad Bolívar is the capital; famous for its colonial architecture. Although Ciudad Guayana is the most populated town in the state and its economic heart.
The State of Bolivar is made up of several towns, but some are outstanding for certain reasons, making some of these towns more livable than others. Some of these large populations are:

Ciudad Guayana (made up of San Felix de Guayana and Puerto Ordaz)
Ciudad Bolívar
Caicara del Orinoco
Ciudad Piar
El Callao
El Dorado
Maripa
Santa Helena of Uairen
Tumeremo
Upata
Guasipati
El Palmar

Race and ethnicity

According to the 2011 Census, the racial composition of the population was:

Indigenous Peoples
The State of Bolivar is home to several ethnic groups that originated in the country. Among the main groups are the Pemones, the Yekuana, the Sanemá, the Panares, the Hotis and the Piaroas. All of these groups speak their own languages, although most also speak Spanish.

Municipalities
Bolívar State is sub-divided into eleven municipalities (municipios), given below with their administrative centres, areas and populations:

Economy

In the State of Bolivar there are great energy sources that are very important for Venezuela (the Guri Dam, among others), famous agricultural products (Guiana cheese, cotton, yucca, cassava, white and brown catalinas, naiboa, among others), and many minerals in great demand (iron, gold, bauxite, among others). located in Ciudad Guayana.

Agriculture
The agricultural sector of Bolivar State has little significance, both at the state and national level. The soil, topography, and climate characteristics have led to consider the area as a strong restriction for agricultural development, since a large part of its soils are composed of highly siliceous rocks, with low moisture retention capacity and strong acid reaction. Nevertheless, the exploitation of a great variety of agricultural items, the immense reserves of forest resources, allow us to foresee that through the use of appropriate technology, irrigation and selection of the size of the exploitation, this sector could contribute in an important way in the integral development of the area.

Siderurgy
Bolivar State has the Siderurgica del Orinoco (SIDOR), which is in charge of steel production with Direct Reduction technologies and Electric Arc Furnaces, with natural resources available in the Guayana region.

Coltan
By 2017, coltan production will begin through Parguaza, a company established by the Venezuelan state and the Venezuelan Corporation Faoz.

Forest Resources
Some woods are exploited, many of them precious like bucare, mahogany and others like plum, crawl, guamo, sarrapia and carob.

Tourism

The state of Bolivar has some of the most important tourist attractions in Venezuela and South America among which the Angel Falls (the world's largest waterfall) and numerous characteristic mountains called Tepuis such as Mount Roraima, as well as many natural wells, caves, rivers, fluvial islands, forests, rock formations, waterfalls and lakes of all types.

Main Places of interest
 Historical Zone of Ciudad Bolívar
 Canaima National Park
 Lagoon of Canaima

 El Sapo and El Sapito Falls
 Yuri Falls
 Mayupa Rapids
Pozo de la Felicidad (Pit of the Happiness) (Saró Marú)
 Orquídea Island
 Ratón Island
 Angel Falls or Korepakupai Vená
 Ayan-tepui
 Kavac Indian village
 Cave Uruyén

 Kamarata Indian village
 Wareipa Indian community
 El Encanto Falls
 Avak Indian community
 Roberto Beach
 Kanwaripa Indian community
 Caroní River
 La Maloca Indian village

 Kukenán Falls (in the Tepui Kukenán or Matawí)
 La Piedra de La Virgen (The rock of the virgin)
 El Danto Falls
 La Arenaria
 Monumento al Soldado Pionero
 Aponwao I River
 Tarotá Baths
 Toroncito Ravine
 Toron merú Falls
 Karuay Falls

 Chinak merú Falls (Aponwao falls)
 Parupa
 Anotén
 Chivatón Falls
 Mission of Kavanayen
 Kamoirán Rapids
 Kama merú Falls
 Arapán merú (Pacheco Ravine)
 Soruapa River or Woimeri
 San Francisco de Yuruaní (Kumaracapai) Indian Community
 Jasper Creek (Kako Parú or Jaspe Ravine)
 Urué merú
 Kukenán Bridge River
 Paraitepui Indian Community of Roraima
 Wonkén Indian Community
 La Gran Sabana (Spanish: Great Plains)
 Angel Falls
 Monte Roraima
 Sarisariñama
 Kavanayén
 Santa Elena de Uairen
 Cerro Bolivar, a large iron mine
 Caroni River

Historical sites

Castles of Guayana
30 km from San Félix on the road to Piacoa in the State of Delta Amacuro, you will find Los Castillos de Guayana, buildings built on rocky hills on the right bank of the Orinoco River during the colonial era to protect Santo Tomé de Guayana from attacks by pirates and adventurers who feverishly sought El Dorado, the most fabulous of our indigenous inventions that would drive the feverish minds of the conquistadors mad.

Castillo de San Francisco de Asís
The first of the castles, San Francisco de Asís (Fuerte Villapol) was built on the banks of the Orinoco in the 17th century between 1678 and 1684, as referred to by Gerónimo Martínez-Mendoza, by order of the Governor Cap. Tiburcio de Axpe y Zúñiga, in the narrowest part of the Orinoco after Angostura, on the land where San Francisco's auspices once stood, established by Don Antonio de Berrío, the first governor of Guayana and founder of Santo Tomé de Guayana.

Castillo San Diego

Years later and to reinforce the defenses of the first castle was built the Castle of El Padrastro or San Diego - construction began in 1747 - so called because it was located on a hillock or stepfather, from where you can see the Castle of San Francisco which it protects. These castles were restored in 1897 by the then President of Venezuela, Joaquín Crespo, who renamed them Fuerte Campo Elías al Castillo de San Diego and Fuerte Villapol al Castillo de San Francisco, in honor of these heroes who, despite being born in Spain, fought in the Republican ranks during the war of independence.

Ruins of the Caroni Missions
They are called the Ruins of the Mission of the Purísima Concepción del Caroni, or better known as "Las Misiones del Caroni". These ruins served as the governing house of the Catalan Capuchins, and were declared a National Historic Monument on August 2, 1960. It exemplifies a magnificent building belonging to the colonial architecture, finally built with stones, bricks, tiles, wood and mortar, which gave it a structure strong enough to be preserved through the centuries.

A bell tower, the chapel and a mural composed of images representing the sun and moon, clouds and angels, as well as silhouettes, which presumably represent the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception and Saint Francis of Assisi, are components that can be seen inside this rectangular space that follows the structure of the main nave of the temple or church. The same is provided with a parking lot that communicates to the temple by means of a paved road, and connects to the bank of the Macagua reservoir.

Culture

In many indigenous cultures of the State of Bolivar there are musical and artisan manifestations. In other environments the joropo is danced, exactly in the northwest of the state, due to the proximity of the plains of Guariqueños and Apureños. The passage, the blows, the tunes to the sound of the harp, cuatro and maracas, are characteristic of this area of Bolivar. The carnivals in El Callao are very colorful and have already gained fame and tradition with the peculiar Guayana Calypso. This dance originated with the arrival of the Antilleans who brought their customs and their typical English, it was mixed with ours emerging along with the local patois and many other customs.

The craftsmanship in the State of Bolivar is mostly referred to basketwork, made with moriche palm. The Indians make objects that are utilitarian and that are very sought after by tourists such as peony seed necklaces, San Pedro tears, toucan peaks, etc...

Culture Houses:
Carlos Raúl Villanueva Culture House, (Ciudad Bolívar)
María Cova Fernández Culture House, (Upata)
Ciudad Guayana Culture House
House of Culture Maripa Cultural Complex of Tumeremo

Languages
Apart from Spanish, which is the main language, several languages are spoken in some sectors of Bolivar.

Caribbean Family: Pemón, Yekuana, Panare and Akawayo
Yanomamo family: sanemá
English: Saint Martin de Turumban

In addition, there are isolated languages such as joti. The Arutani-sapé languages have probably become extinct. According to article 9 of the Constitution of the State of Bolivar of 2001, Spanish is the official language of the State and all the indigenous languages are official for their respective peoples.

Folklore
In the numerous indigenous cultures of the State of Bolivar, there are musical and artisanal manifestations.

The inhabitants of the jungle use reed flutes and rattles for their spiritual invocations or for joy in moments of collective expansion.

In other environments the joropo is danced, exactly in the northwest of the State, due to the proximity to the plains of Guariqueños and Apureños; the passage, the blows, the tunes to the sound of the harp, maracas and cuatro are characteristic in this area of the State of Bolivar.

Penetrating into the interior, the carnivals in El Callao are very colorful, and they already have fame and tradition with the peculiar Calypso.

The Guiana Calypso originated with the arrival of Antilleans to the State, who brought their customs in their typical English, mixed with ours, giving rise to the Calypso and many other customs. A notable figure of the carnival groups and its main sponsor was the popularly called la Negra Isidora, who gave much importance to this spectacle.

Gastronomy
The gastronomy of the State of Bolivar is the result of the fusion of several Venezuelan indigenous cultures. It is characterized by the use of yucca, merey, corn and pescaculodo, from which dishes with unique and extraordinary flavors are derived.

The State of Bolivar has a very varied gastronomy using the products of the zone, being the cassava (prepared from the yucca) the main companion of the diverse plates, standing out then the fish of river known as the sapoara and the merey from where diverse candies, nougats, etc are prepared. There are also varieties of cheese such as: telita, queso de mano and guayanés, among others.

The sapoara, a gastronomic tradition of the State of Bolivar, is a fish that abounds in the vicinity of the Orinoco and Caroní rivers. It is famous in Ciudad Bolivar and in general in all the zones bordering the Orinoco River. This fish is prepared in sancocho, fried, stuffed and roasted. It is defined by specialists as the most characteristic and distinctive fish of Ciudad Bolívar because of its habit of appearing once a year, being one of the few places where it can be fished, in front of the Orinoco promenade in Ciudad Bolívar.

Fishing for the toad takes place exactly in front of the dock where the boats that transport the inhabitants of Ciudad Bolivar and Soledad arrive. Here, the great celebration of the city takes place during the month of August every year, internationally known as "La Feria de la Sapoara".

One of the dishes prepared with the sapoara, is the gilthead, baked, stuffed and the morrocoy cake cut in wheels, in sancocho and the rest remains in the imagination of the housewives or the great chefs of the gastronomic field that abound in the State.

Thus, the recipes of the specialists who have been cooking for years for the demanding national and international palates, suggest that the fish can be prepared fried (dorado), having salt and garlic as main ingredients. If the preference is to eat it baked, do not forget to open it from the back and cover it with salt, applying various condiments such as chopped seasoning (chili, onion, paprika), mustard, etc., and fill it with vegetables and egg and then wrap it in aluminum foil, placing it in the oven until it browns. This dish can be accompanied by yucca, salad and rice or with some potatoes au gratin, all according to the taste of each person.

Sancocho de sapoara, is undoubtedly also a delight of the culinary art of the State of Bolivar; it is prepared like any soup and you add the vegetables and seasonings you want. This fish, due to its condition and unique appearance during one month of the year, forces everyone to enjoy its nutrients and rich flavor.

Sports

The most important football club is Club Deportivo Mineros, which plays in the First Division of Venezuela. Mineros, along with the third division club Minervén Bolívar is based in the Cachamay Stadium in Ciudad Guayana with a capacity for 41 players and 600 spectators. Its rival, Angostura F.C., based in the Ricardo Maya Stadium in Ciudad Bolivar, was promoted to the first division in 2022. Three other clubs: Caroní F.C., Estudiantes de Caroní FC (the oldest club in Venezuela), and Minasoro FC from El Callao, all play in the third division.

Bolívar also has the largest baseball stadium in the country, the Estadio La Ceiba in Ciudad Guayana (Venezuela), recently restored and with a capacity of 30,000 spectators.

The 2007 Copa America, held throughout Venezuela, including the State of Bolivar, some games were played in the re-inaugurated Cachamay Stadium, making it the largest international event held in the State. Several international tournaments of junior categories have also been held and it has hosted several games of the Copa Libertadores, the Copa Conmebol and the Copa Sudamericana.

In 2007, with the expansion of the Venezuelan Professional Basketball League, a franchise was approved in the basketball area, which was initially called Macizos de Guayana and at the beginning of 2008 in its presentation to the press was renamed Gigantes de Guayana, which became the tenth team in the Venezuelan basketball league playing since then in the Hermanas González Gym.

At the end of 2011, the first season of the new Venezuelan Volleyball Super League was held, where the Huracanes de Bolivar team debuted and was the champion of the 2011 season, beating the Industriales de Valencia team in the final. The team dominated the entire season from start to finish, demonstrating its great level and supremacy in Venezuela.

Transport

The access to the State is possible by water, land and air; the entrance from the States of Amazonas, Apure, Guárico, Anzoátegui, Monagas and Delta Amacuro; being the international airports of Ciudad Bolívar and Ciudad Guayana the most important, also has international access. Other airports of national traffic are in La Urbana, Caicara del Orinoco, Upata, Guasipati, La Paragua, El Dorado, Santa Elena de Uairén, Canaima and other smaller ones distributed in the entity.

The main land routes are the North Trunk Highway 19 which, through the Angostura Bridge, crosses the Orinoco River from the State of Anzoátegui Municipality of Independencia, Soledad to Ciudad Bolívar and continues to Ciudad Guayana; and the Highway that, through the Orinoquia Bridge, crosses the Orinoco and joins Trunk Highway 19 very close to Ciudad Guayana. From here the Trunk 10 starts via Upata, Guasipati, El Callao, Tumeremo, El Dorado, La Escalera - Gran Saba - km 88, until Santa Elena de Uairen, crosses the border with Brazil, reaches the Line to continue to Boa Vista and Manaos Brazil. Other routes communicate with the State of Amazonas to the west.

The waterways are mainly on the Orinoco, in fishing boats among others, but there are also trips on certain rivers of the state, such as the Caura and the Caroní.

Dams

Tocoma Dam
The Tocoma Dam officially known as the Manuel Piar Hydroelectric Plant is a Venezuelan hydroelectric plant located on the lower Caroni River in the state of Bolivar. It is under construction and is the latest hydroelectric development project in the lower Caroní basin. The project includes the installation of 2,300 MW to generate an average annual energy of 12,100 GWh. Ten Kaplan generating units of 230 MW, manufactured by the Argentine company IMPSA, are expected to start operations between 2012 and 2014.

Caruachi Dam
The Caruachi Dam is a water reservoir located more than 60 kilometers downstream of the Guri Reservoir, and 25 kilometers upstream of the Macagua Reservoir in Venezuela. It was inaugurated in 2006, and covers an area of 250 km². It provides 12% of the national electricity demand. It is also known as the Francisco de Miranda Hydroelectric Power Plant.

CVG Edelca, in view of the high environmental impact caused by the construction of the third hydroelectric dam in the Caroní, worked together with the Ministry of the Environment to rescue the flora, fauna and valuable archeological treasures found in the region, which are now permanently exhibited in the Caroní Ecomuseum.

The 12 generators in the engine room of the Caruachi Dam are covered with reproductions of baskets of the Yekuana ethnic group. Each turbine represents the myths of the tribe covering a space of 16 meters in diameter to cover the entire turbine. While the walls display large reproductions of 13 indigenous petroglyphs from different regions of Guyana and Venezuela.

Macagua Dam
The Macagua Dam, also known as the Antonio Jose de Sucre Hydroelectric Plant, is part of the Bolivar State Electricity Generating Park. It consists of three stages: Macagua I, which has 6 small units; Macagua II, which has 12 units; and the newer Macagua III, which has 2 units. The complex generates 2190 Mw. It has a length of 322 m., and has 12 radial gates of 22 m. wide and 15.6 m. high.

It can be admired leaving Puerto Ordaz, towards San Felix. In its interior is located the Plaza del Agua and the Caroní Ecomuseum. One of the greatest attractions of the place is a bridge that stands on the spillway, through which visitors can drive.

See also

 States of Venezuela

References

States of Venezuela
States and territories established in 1901
Guayana Region, Venezuela

Bolívar (state)


Olenivka (, ), , avant 1978 Ielenovka) est une commune urbaine de l'oblast de Donetsk, en Ukraine. Elle compte  en 2021. Elle fait partie du raïon de Volnovakha de la république populaire de Donetsk depuis 2014.

Population
Sa population est en baisse constante. La localité comptait 6 700 habitants en 1959, 5 900 habitants en 1970, 5 300 habitants en 1992, et 4 893 en 2001. L'on dénombre 4 525 habitants en 2021.

Religion
La commune dispose d'une église orthodoxe placée sous le vocable de saint Constantin et sainte Hélène.

Économie
La commune est organisée économiquement autour d'un combinat agro-industriel. Il existe une usine de produits de boulangerie (farine-minoterie, boulangerie, pâtes, fabrication de confiseries), l'usine Spetsselkhozmontaj, et un dépôt ferroviaire. L'ancienne ferme collective du nom d'Ilitch est toujours en activité.

Références

Commune urbaine dans l'oblast de Donetsk

Olenivka (raïon de Volnovakha)


Cynthia Barnett (19 de maio de 1966) é uma jornalista americana especializada em meio ambiente. É autora dos livros de água Mirage (2007), Blue Revolution (2011), Rain (2015), que foi longa lista do National Book Award e finalista do PEN / E.O 2016. Wilson Award for Literary Science Writing do PEN America Center, e The Sound of the Sea: Seashells and the Fate of the Oceans (2021).

Ver também

Jornalistas dos Estados Unidos

Cynthia Barnett


The boreal chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus) is a small passerine songbird in the tit family Paridae. It is found in the boreal forests of Canada and the northern United States and remains within this range all year. This bird is known for its high pitched trill patterns used in communication with other birds and food storage habits in preparation for winter months.

Description
Adults are  long with a weight of . They have grey-brown upperparts with a brown cap and greyish wings and tail; their face is mainly grey with white on the sides. Their underparts are white with brown on the flanks and a black throat. They have a short dark bill, short wings and a long notched tail. Their flight consists of brief gliding patterns followed by fast and bouncy wing beats as they travel through the air.

Vocal communications
The call is a husky tsee-day-day, as well as a high pitched trill sound, dididididididi a variant on the call which gives chickadees their name. This call is composed of five distinct note-type categories consisting of A, B, C, D and D-hybrid with the beginning and end note both displaying a high frequency pitch. Boreal Chickadees use specialized notes within their vocal range to communicate with each other and convey information. Certain notes/calls can be used as a mating tactic or to indicate a bird's rank to neighbouring fertile females in the area. Females have also been known to be more attracted to a male chickadee if he portrays complex and larger song repertoires. Calls can also be used in territory defence or to warn others of an invader that come to close to a nesting female. Cross species comparisons can be made by comparing the vocal similarities between other species of chickadee's.

Breeding/nesting behaviour
Their breeding habitat is coniferous woods in Canada, Alaska, and the northernmost portions of the contiguous United States. They generally breed from early May to the end of August and remain within their breeding range throughout the year, but sometimes move south in winter. When a female chickadee finds a high quality male to mate with this provides direct and indirect benefits such as exceptional parental care and high quality genes. The pair remains together year round and may mate for life. Winter movements south of their range, however, appear to have become increasingly rare. Large bodies of water and mountain ranges may restrict dispersal of the Boreal Chickadee into places such as the Vancouver Islands and Haida Gwaii. They nest in a hole in a tree; the pair excavates the nest, using a natural cavity or sometimes an old woodpecker nest. This nest can be made of hair, fur or dead plants. Five to seven eggs are laid, white with fine reddish-brown spotting. Eggs are laid between May and July and hatch within 13–16 days. After the eggs have hatched it takes another 16–18 days for the birds to fully develop wings large enough to attempt flight.

Foraging behaviour
These birds forage on conifer branches or probe into the bark, gleaning insects and foraging for conifer seeds, which may be stored in preparation for winter months. Boreal Chickadees are known to store large amounts of food in different trees, each location containing several food items. Food is usually stored in the mid-region of trees at a lower level than at which they foraged. They generally forage in black spruce, white spruce and tamarack trees which minimizes competition with Black-capped Chickadees who forage in more deciduous and mixed forests. Boreal chickadees often forage in small flocks including other small birds, especially in winter.

Predators
With the advantage of being a winged bird the boreal chickadee has few predators. These consist of larger birds such as small owls, hawks and shrikes. Predators of eggs and baby boreal chickadees generally consist of tree climbing animals such as squirrels, chipmunks, mice, bears and rats.

Threats
The largest threat that is placed on boreal chickadees is clearcutting and logging that occurs in the boreal forest regions. These practices are causing dramatic reductions in mature forests and rapidly modifying the habitat of boreal chickadees.

Taxonomy
The species was formerly placed in the genus Parus with most other tits, but mtDNA cytochrome b sequence data and morphology suggest that separating Poecile more adequately expresses these birds' relationships. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the boreal chickadee is sister to the chestnut-backed chickadee (Poecile rufescens).

References

External links

 Boreal chickadee Species Account – Cornell Lab of Ornithology
 Canadian boreal chickadee stamp at www.bird-stamps.org

  Article on "Maine's Boreal Species" at the Maine Birding Trail

boreal chickadee
Native birds of Alaska
Birds of Canada
boreal chickadee

Boreal chickadee


رتيبة الحفني فنانة مصرية، ومغنية أوبرا عالمية (سوبرانو) أدت أكثر من 500 عرض اوبرا، وعميدة معهد الموسيقى العربية في القاهرة، كما أنها أول امرأة تتولى منصب مدير دار الأوبرا المصرية في القاهرة.

لدى عودتها إلى القاهرة بعد أن ذاع صيت الفنانة في الغناء والموسيقى، قام الرئيس الراحل جمال عبد الناصر بترشيحها لأحد الأدوار الفنية في ذلك الوقت، حيث قام بالتوصية بها بشكل شخصي في دار الأوبرا المصرية بالقاهرة وغنت في أوبريت الأرملة الطروب في عام 1961. ومثلت بدور البطولة في أوبرا عايدة لفيردي في باريس.

حصلت على «جائزة الدولة التقديرية في الفنون» من المجلس الأعلى للثقافة المصري، في عام 2004.

واحتفل محرك البحث جوجل بذكرى ميلاد ال86 رتيبة الحفنى تقدريا لمشوارها الفنى والموسيقى

حياتها
ولدت رتيبة الحفني في القاهرة عام 1931، وكانت نشأتها في أسرة موسيقية، فوالدها محمود أحمد الحفني الذي ألف حوالي 45 كتابا عن الموسيقى، كما كان أول من أدخل دراسة الموسيقى في المدارس المصرية. وكانت جدتها لأمها الألمانية الأصل تعمل مغنية أوبرا ألمانية. ولقد أجادت عزف البيانو وهي في سن الخامسة. كما درست الموسيقي في برلين وميونخ. وتعلمت عزف العود على يد محمد القصبجى ودفعها حبها للموسيقى إلى صقل تلك الموهبة بالدراسة الأكاديمية

عوامل كثيرة مهدت لها الطريق لتكون من العلامات البارزة في تاريخ الفن المصرى والعربى. «الجنرال رتيبة» كان هذا لقبها المنتشر في كواليس الأوبرا المصرية وفي كل مكان أسهمت في إدارته، في دلالة على الحزم والحسم وقوة الشخصية التي كانت سماتها الأساسية في مجتمع لم يتفاعل بسهولة مع فكرة وجود المرأة في المناصب القيادية

التعليم
- حصلت على دبلوم المعهد العالى لمعلمات الموسيقى (كلية التربية الموسيقية حاليأ) 1950

- قامت بعمل دراسات عليا في الفن الشعبى من جامعة هومبولدت، برلين، من 1954 حتى 1968

- دبلوم تخصص في قيادة الكورال وتعليم الغناء الأورالى من معهد كراينر للغناء بمدينة لوكسمبروج، عام 1955

- أعلى مؤهل متخصص في الغناء الأوبرالى من المدرسة العليا للموسيقى في ميونخ، ألمانيا، عام 1955 ، «المعادل للدكتوراة المصرية»

حياتها العملية والمناصب

 معيدة بالمعهد العالي لمعلمات الموسيقى، عام 1950.
 انتداب للعمادة في معهد الموسيقى العربية (قسم البنات) في طور إنشائه الأول، عام 1951.
 إدارة كاملة لعمادة المعهد المذكور، عام 1962 تم التعيين في وظيفة عميد المعهد بعد أن أصبح تابعاً لوزارة الثقافة، ثم لأكاديمية الفنون لمدة 29 عاماً والذي تحول إلى المعهد العالي للموسيقى العربية.
 رئيسة البيت الفني للموسيقي والأوبرا عام 1980 (بدرجة وكيل وزارة).
 إعادة التعيين كعميدة في المعهد العالي للموسيقى العربية، عام 1986.
 رئيسة للمركز الثقافي القومي (دار الأوبرا) من يونيو 1988 حتى مارس 1990.
 أستاذة متفرغة بأكاديمية الفنون (المعهد العالي للموسيقى العربية).
 مستشارة فنية لرئيس لجنة المركز الثقافي القومي (دار الأوبرا).
 رئيسة المجمع العربي للموسيقى التابع لجامعة الدول العربية.
 عضوة بالمجالس القومية المتخصصة.
 مشرفة على مركز تنمية المواهب التابع لدار الأوبرا.

الإنتاج الفنى

 إعداد صور غنائية خاصة بأعلام الموسيقى والغناء (محمد القصبجى – سيد درويش – سيد مكاوى)، وقدمت ضمن فعاليات مهرجان الموسيقى العربية.
 المشاركة بأدوار البطولة في الأوبرات العالمية في مصر وفي بعض عواصم أوروبا وفي أمريكا
 الإشراف على الموسيقى في البرنامج الثاني بالإذاعة المصرية من عام 1957 حتى عام 1960.
 إعداد وتقديم برنامج الموسيقى العالمية بالتليفزيون منذ عام 1960.
 إعداد مسلسل موسيقي تعليمي للأطفال 30 حلقة باسم اللحن المفقود.
 إعداد وتقديم برنامج مع الموسيقى العربية بالتليفزيون لمدة 22 عامًا.

جوائز وتكريمات
- كرم اسمها مهرجان الموسيقى العربية في دورته الـ 25  وسلم أسرتها جائزة أوسكار المهرجان

-حصلت على «جائزة الدولة التقديرية في الفنون» من المجلس الأعلى للثقافة المصري، في عام 2004. وعملت حتى النهاية كمستشارة لدار الأوبرا «رغم أمراض الشيخوخة».

أعمالها

المؤلفات العلمية:
- أم كلثوم معجزة الغناء العربى 1996

- محمد عبد الوهاب.. حياته وفنه 1991

- محمد القصبجى.. الموسيقى العاشق 2006

- السلطانة منيرة المهدية والغناء في مصر قبلها وفي زمانها. 2002

- «الموسوعة الموسيقية للأطفال (50 جزء)» مصر – لبنان، عام 1992

- الصولفيج، الكويت، عام 1977.

انجازاتها

 أسست أول كورال أطفال في مصر، عام 1961 (تابع لمحافظة القاهرة).
 أسست فرقة أم كلثوم للموسيقى العربية (تتبع أكاديمية الفنون).
 أسست فرقة الإنشاد الديني (تتبع أكاديمية الفنون).
 أسست الفرقة القومية للموسيقى العربية (التابع لدار الأوبرا).
 أسست كورال أطفال الأوبرا (التابع لدار الأوبرا).
 ساهمت كخبيرة في إنشاء المعهد العالي للفنون الموسيقية بالكويت لمدة 13 عاماً.

زواجها واسرتها
تزوجت مرتين، الأولى من الموسيقار مصطفى ناجى وانجبت منه ماجدة، والثانية من المايسترو أحمد عبيد وله منها علا

وفاتها
كما عاشت وسط النغمات والموسيقى، أوصت أن تشيع من قلب الدار التي طالما عشقتها وأعطتها عمرها؛ حيث أعلن المسئولون بالمركز الإعلامي بدار الأوبرا المصرية تشييع جنازة «الدكتورة رتيبة» من مسجد دار الأوبرا، ظهر الثلاثاء 16 سبتمبر عام 2013 ، تنفيذًا لوصيتها قبل رحيلها. وبسبب هبوط  في الدورة الدموية توفيت عن عمر ناهز 82 عام قضته في إثراء الفن المصرى والموسيقى الراقية. وشكّل رحيل الدكتورة رتيبة الحفنى صدمة لكل محبى الفن الراقى تنذر بخسارة كبيرة لا يسهل تعويضها

انظر أيضًا
- دار الاوبرا المصرية

مصادر

وصلات خارجية
- فرقة الموسيقى العربية المصرية

- دار الاوبرا المصرية

- مقالات نشرت في الأهرام اونلاين والأهرام ويكلي: حياة وعصور السوبرانو العربية: رتيبة الحفني

مسلمون مصريون
مصريون حائزون على جائزة الدولة التقديرية
مصريون من أصل ألماني
مغنيات أوبرا في القرن 20
مغنيات مصريات في القرن 20
مغنيات من القاهرة
مواليد 1350 هـ
مواليد 1931
مواليد في القاهرة
موسيقيون مصريون
وفيات 1434 هـ
وفيات 2013
وفيات بعمر 81
وفيات في القاهرة

رتيبة الحفني


Satoshi Yokoyama (født 4. februar 1980) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Omiya Ardija og Shonan Bellmare.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Satoshi Yokoyama


باب بن غشير : أحد أحياء مدينة طرابلس في ليبيا يحده من الشمال حي أبو مليانة ومن الغرب حي أبو سليم المركز ومن الجنوب حي دمشق ومن الشرق الحي الجامعي. بلغت مساحته في 2004 حوالي 1.3 كيلومتر مربع.

التسمية
أتت تسمية هذا الحي من إحدى البوابات أو الأبواب الإثنتي عشر والتي كانت قد بنيت في أوائل أيام الاحتلال الإيطالي للمدينة حيث بني سور حول طرابلس وضواحيها. وسمي الباب أو البوابة أثناء زيارة ديكتاتور إيطاليا الفاشية بينيتو موسوليني إلى المنطقة باسم بورتا بينيتو "PORTA BINITO" أما كلمة غشير فقد أتت من اسم فندق بن غشير أو قصر بن غشير في المنطقة. وتحوي المنطقة مجموعة من الآثار والمقابر البونيقية يصل عددها الحالي لنحو 19 مقبرة.

في أواسط الخمسينيات من القرن العشرين ومع ظهور النفط في البلاد هاجر العديد من الليبيين من المناطق المجاورة لطرابلس إليها لغرض العمل في وظائف ملحقة بالشركات النفطية في المدينة، لتتكون في فترة لاحقة الكامبوات وهي أكواخ لسكن الفقراء من الصفيح. تم إزالة هذه الأكواخ في أوائل السبعينيات وبني محلها عمارات سكنية تعرف حاليا باسم «العمارات الشعبية» إضافة لعدد من المرافق والمنازل الخاصة.

يوجد في هذا الحي مجموعة من المنشآت والمرافق منها قصور الضيافة، حديقة الحرية، أمانة اللجنة الشعبية العامة للقوى العاملة والتدريب، نادي باب بن غشير الرياضي، نادي الاتحاد الرياضي، مركز الطب الصيني، الدار الجماهيرية للنشر والتوزيع والإعلان فرع طرابلس.

مصادر

أحياء طرابلس

باب بن غشير


Brasília(/Brasilya/ Portekizce:[bɾaˈziljɐ]), Brezilya'nın başkentidir. 1956-1960 yılları arasında 41 ayda inşâ edilmiştir. 1960'tan bu yana ülkenin başkenti olan Brasília'nın, Federal yönetim bölümü sınırları (5.814 km2) içindeki nüfusu 2021 yılı itibarıyla 3.094.325'dir.

Brasília, şehir planlamacısı Lúcio Costa ile baş mimar Oscar Niemeyer'in öncülüğünde tasarlanmış ve ve 3,5 yıl gibi kısa bir sürede tamamlandıktan sonra Rio de Janeiro'dan sonra ülkenin yeni başkenti yapılmıştır.

Brezilya, ulusal başkenti olarak Brezilya hükûmetinin bütün yapıları bu şehirdedir. Şehir ayrıca Brezilya çıkışlı büyük firmaların (örneğin Banco do Brasil, Caixa Econômica Federal, Correios ve Brasil Telecom) genel merkezlerini de barındırmaktadır. Şehir, inşası ve barındırdığı değişik bölgeleri ile 21. yüzyıldaki fazla nüfusun yaşadığı büyük şehirlerin planlanmasında, şehir ve bölge planlama açısından dünyada kaynak gösterilen bir konumdadır.

Coğrafya

Tropikal enlemlerde ama ortalama yükseltisi 1.100 m olan bir platoda yer alan kent, ağaçlı savanlarla kaplı bir çevrenin ortasındadır. Kentin iklimi yaşamaya elverişlidir; yılın 5-6 ayına dağılan yağışları 1.600 mm'yi bulur.

Tarihçe

Kent, Brezilyalıların temel dileklerinden birini (nüfus yoğunluğu çok düşük olan iç kesimdeki uçsuz bucaksız alanı doldurmak) karşılamak için kurulmuştur. Mimar Lúcio Costa ve Oscar Niemeyer'in hazırladığı kent planı haç biçimindedir: Haçın doğu-batı ekseni, üç gücü simgesel olarak bir araya toplar: Alvorada sarayı denen Başkanlık sarayı ve bakanlıklar; Yüce divan; Millet meclisi ve Senato. İki uçak kanadına benzeyen kuzey-güney ekseni, yönetim yapıları ve toplu konut bloklarıyla asıl kenti temsil eder.

Resimler

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Brasilia hakkında  (İngilizce)
 Brasília fotoğrafları
 Brasília e Região turizm bürosu
 Brasília'nın başkent oluşunun 50. Yılı

Brezilya'daki şehirler
Federal Bölge

Brasília


ميتشيل ماسيدو روتشا ماتشادو (مواليد 15 فبراير 1990 في ريو دي جانيرو - البرازيل) لاعب كرة قدم برازيلي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى ألمرية الإسباني منذ 2008 في مركز الظهير الأيمن .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون برازيليون مغتربون في إسبانيا
رياضيون من مدينة ريو دي جانيرو
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري البرازيلي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو أتليتيكو مينيرو
لاعبو كرة القدم البرازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم برازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية برازيليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون برازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم من ريو دي جانيرو
لاعبو كرة قدم من مدينة ريو دي جانيرو
لاعبو نادي ألميريا
لاعبو نادي سيارا
لاعبو نادي كورينثيانز
لاعبو نادي لاس بالماس
لاعبو نادي يوفنتود
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1990
مواليد في ريو دي جانيرو

ميتشيل ماسيدو روتشا ماتشادو


Otospermum, monotipski rod glavočika smješten u tribus Anthemideae. Jedina je vrsta O. glabrum, zeljasta jednogodišnja biljka bijelh cvjetova iz zapadnog Mediterana (južna Španjolska i Portugal, i sjeverni Maroko, Tunis, Alžir)

Sinonimi
 Matricaria glabra (Lag.) Ball
 Pyrethrum glabrum Lag.

Izvori

Anthemideae incertae sedis
Flora Španjolske
Flora Portugala
Flora Maroka
Flora Tunisa
Flora Alžira

Otospermum


Brun spætte () er en fugleart, der lever i Mellemamerika og Andesbjergene til det nordvestlige Argentina.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Andesfugle
Egentlige spætter
Mellemamerikas fugle

Brun spætte


Orthomorpha é um gênero de milípedes da família Paradoxosomatidae contendo aproximadamente 50 espécies distribuídas no Sudeste Asiático.

Descrição
As espécies de Orthomorpha possuem 20 segmentos corporais e variam de 15 a 50 mm de comprimento quando adultos. Eles variam de 1,1 a 3,1 mm de largura do corpo, com paranotas proeminentes (quilhas laterais) estendendo a largura para 1,5 a 6,7 mm. A coloração da base varia de marrom a preto, com paranotas de cores vivas e marcações em vários tons de amarelo, laranja e marrom, que se tornam mais fracas em espécimes preservados em álcool. Algumas espécies têm saliências proeminentes ou "tubérculos" em seus segmentos metatergais dorsais.

Distribuição
As espécies de Orthomorpha variam de Mianmar no oeste, através de toda a Península Indochinesa, até Lombok, Indonésia. A espécie O. coarctata, (também conhecida como Asiomorpha coarctata) foi amplamente introduzida pelo homem nos trópicos de todo o mundo.

Espécies
O gênero foi revisado por Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha em 2011, que descreveu várias novas espécies e atribuiu duas ao novo gênero Orthomorphoides, resultando em um total de 51 espécies nomeadas de Orthomorpha. Mais três espécies do Laos foram descritas em 2014.
 Orthomorpha alutaria Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2010
 Orthomorpha arboricola (Attems, 1937)
 Orthomorpha asticta Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2010
 Orthomorpha atypica Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2011
 Orthomorpha baliorum Golovatch, 1995
 Orthomorpha banglangensis Golovatch, 1998
 Orthomorpha beaumontii (Le Guillou, 1841)
 Orthomorpha beroni Golovatch, 1997
 Orthomorpha bipunctata (Sinclair, 1901)
 Orthomorpha butteli Carl, 1922
 Orthomorpha cambodjana (Attems, 1953)
 Orthomorpha coarctata (De Saussure, 1860) (Alternately known as Asiomorpha coarctata)
 Orthomorpha communis Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2011
 Orthomorpha conspicua (Pocock, 1894)
 Orthomorpha crucifer (Pocock, 1889)
 Orthomorpha elevata Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2011
 Orthomorpha enghoffi Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2010
 Orthomorpha flaviventer (Attems, 1898)
 Orthomorpha fluminoris Hoffman, 1977
 Orthomorpha francisca Attems, 1930
 Orthomorpha fuscocollaris Pocock, 1895
 Orthomorpha gladiata Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2014
 Orthomorpha glandulosa (Attems, 1937)
 Orthomorpha horologiformis Golovatch, 1998
 Orthomorpha hydrobiologica Attems, 1930
 Orthomorpha insularis Pocock, 1895
 Orthomorpha isarankurai Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2011
 Orthomorpha karschi (Pocock, 1889)
 Orthomorpha latiterga Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2011
 Orthomorpha lauta Golovatch, 1998
 Orthomorpha melischi Golovatch, 1997
 Orthomorpha mikrotropis Attems, 1898
 Orthomorpha murphyi Hoffman, 1977
 Orthomorpha parasericata Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2010
 Orthomorpha paviei Brölemann, 1896
 Orthomorpha picturata Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2011
 Orthomorpha pterygota Golovatch, 1998
 Orthomorpha rotundicollis (Attems, 1937)
 Orthomorpha scabra Jeekel, 1964
 Orthomorpha sericata Jeekel, 1964
 Orthomorpha similanensis Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2011
 Orthomorpha spiniformis Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2011
 Orthomorpha subelevata Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2011
 Orthomorpha suberecta Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2011
 Orthomorpha suberectoides Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2014
 Orthomorpha subkarschi Golovatch, 1998
 Orthomorpha subsericata Golovatch, 1998
 Orthomorpha subtuberculifera Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2011
 Orthomorpha sutchariti Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2014
 Orthomorpha tenuipes (Attems, 1898)
 Orthomorpha thalebanica Golovatch, 1998
 Orthomorpha tuberculifera Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, & Panha, 2011
 Orthomorpha unicolor Attems, 1930
 Orthomorpha weberi (Pocock, 1894)
 Orthomorpha zehntneri (Carl, 1902)

Polydesmida

Orthomorpha