An Cyrtochilum ligulatum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Hipólito Ruiz López ngan Pav., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Rudolf Mansfeld och Stig Dalström. An Cyrtochilum ligulatum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyrtochilum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Peru. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cyrtochilum

Cyrtochilum ligulatum


Per Teodor Cleve () a fost chimist suedez, biolog, mineralog și oceanograf. El este  cunoscut în principal pentru descoperirea elementelor chimice holmiu și tuliu.

Cleve și-a obținut diplomele de licență și doctorat la Universitatea Uppsala în 1863, respectiv 1868.  După ce a obținut doctoratul, a devenit profesor asistent de chimie la această universitate. Mai târziu a devenit profesor de chimie generală și agricolă. În 1874, el a susținut că didiimul ar fi constituit de fapt din două elemente; această teorie a fost confirmată în 1885, când Carl Auer von Welsbach a descoperit neodimul și praseodimul.

În 1879, Cleve a descoperit holmiul și tuliul. Alte contribuții ale sale la chimie includ descoperirea acizilor aminonaftalensulfonici, de asemenea cunoscuți ca "acizii lui Cleve". Din 1890, el sa concentrat pe studii biologice. A elaborat o metodă de determinare a vârstei și a ordinii depozitelor glaciare și postglaciare târzii de la tipurile de fosile de diatomee în depozite și a scris un text seminal în domeniul oceanografiei.

Viața timpurie

Cleve s-a născut în Stockholm, ca al treisprezecelea copil al tatălui său, un comerciant cunoscut sub drept F.T. Cleve. Strămoșii lui Cleve din partea tatălui său au venit din Germania de Vest și s-au stabilit în Suedia la sfârșitul secolului al XVIII-lea.

Cleve a manifestat interes pentru științele naturii și istoria naturală de la o vârstă fragedă.  A urmat Stockholms Lyceum în 1858, studiind chimia și biologia. A obținut o diplomă de licență de la Universitatea din Uppsala în 1863 și un doctorat de la aceeași universitate din 1868.

Carieră
În 1860, la vârsta de 20 de ani, Cleve a devenit profesor asistent de mineralogie la Universitatea din Uppsala și profesor asistent de chimie în 1868. De asemenea, a predat la Institutul Regal de Tehnologie între anii 1870 și 1874 și – în cele din urmă – a devenit profesor de chimie generală și agrochimie la Universitatea din Uppsala. A fost președintele secției de chimie la Universitatea din Uppsala începând din 1874. A fost, de asemenea, președintele Comitetului Nobel pentru Chimie.

Prima lucrare a lui Cleve a fost Några ammoniakaliska chromföreningar (Asupra unor compuși de amoniac și crom, 1861). De asemenea, el a scris mai multe lucrări despre compuși coordinativi, sintetizând câteva sute compuși ai platinei.

În anii 1860, Cleve a vizitat un număr de laboratoare în Anglia, Franța, Italia și Elveția. Fiind la Paris, a vizitat laboratorul lui Charles-Adolphe Wurtz, unde și-a făcut un oarecare număr de prieteni.

Cleve a lucrat la sinteza compușilor coordinativi până în 1872. El a teoretizat în 1874 că elementul didymiu ar fi un amestec a două elemente. Această teorie a fost dovedită în 1885, odată cu descoperirea praseodimului și a neodimului de către Carl Auer von Welsbach. În 1879, Cleve a dovedit că scandiul (element nou descoperit) a fost elementul prezis de Dmitri Mendeleev ca fiind eka-bor. Cleve a izolat o cantitate de scandiu în același an și a determinat greutatea sa atomică. În 1879, prin examinarea unei probe de oxid de erbiu, a descoperit elementul holmiu. În timp ce separa impuritățile dintr-o astfel de probă de oxid de erbiu, Cleve a descoperit o substanță maro și o substanță verde, substanța brună dovedindu-se a fi oxid de holmium (substanța verde fiind oxid de tuliu). Cu toate acestea, acest eșantion ar fi putut fi impur. El a separat tuliul dintr-o probă de oxid de erbiu în 1879. În plus, Cleve și Abraham Langlet au descoperit heliul în mineralul cleveit în 1895.

Cleve a descoperit șase forme de diclornaftalină și a descoperit acizii aminonaftalensulfonici, numiți uneori după el. A preparat și un număr de acizi nitrosulfonici. În 1883, Cleve a fost primul care descrie speciile de plancton Nitzschia seriata. În 1890, Cleve a început să se concentreze în principal pe domeniul biologiei, studiind în principal algele de apă dulce, diatomee și plancton. În 1898, Cleve a participat la o expediție suedeză la Spitsbergen , când a descoperit o serie de specii.

Cleve, în colaborare cu Höglund, a preparat în premieră numeroase săruri de ytriu și erbiu. Cei doi au lucrat, de asemenea, asupra chimiei elementelor chimice toriu și lantan. În 1874, Cleve a descoperit că toriu este un element tetravalent și că lantanul este trivalent. Aceste constatări au fost inițial puse la îndoială de către comunitatea științifică.

Cleve a fost primul care a observat izomerismului în unii compuși ai platinei.

În plus, Cleve a creat o metodă de datare a depozitelor glaciare și post-glaciare în baza studiului fosilelor.

Dizertația doctoratului lui Cleve a fost intitutată "Mineral-analytiska under-sökningar". El a scris o lucrare despre samariu în 1879, iar despre The Seasonal Distribution of Atlantic Plankton Organisms în 1900. În 1883, a publicat Kemiskt Handlexicon. Printre studenții notabili ai Cleve se numără Ellen Fries (prima femeie suedeză care a obținut un doctorat) și Svante Arrhenius (câștigător al Premiului Nobel).

Cleve a studiat, de asemenea, hidrografia și geologia.

Viața personală, familia și moartea
În 1874, Cleve sa căsătorit cu Alma Öhbom, de asemenea profesor; cuplul a avut trei fiice. Prima fiică, Astrid Cleve (născută la 22 ianuarie 1875), a devenit botanistă. Ginerele, Hans von Euler-Chelpin și nepotul Ulf von Euler, au câștigat Premiul Nobel.

Per Teodore Cleve a fost un susținător al egalității de gen, iar Ellen Fries, prima femeie suedeză care a primit un doctorat, a fost unul dintre studenții săi.

Cleve a început să sufere de pleurezie în decembrie 1904, care i-a afectat inima. El a crezut că se va recupera până în primăvara anului 1905 și sa întors acasă la Uppsala, Suedia, unde a murit la 18 iunie 1905.

Premii și cinstirea memoriei
Cleve sa alăturat Academiei Regale de Științe din Suedia în 1871. El a primit medalia Davy în 1894 și 1904.

Cleveitul este un mineral denumit astfel în onoarea lui Cleve.

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1840
Decese în 1905
Chimiști din secolul al XIX-lea
Chimiști suedezi
Membri ai Academiei Regale Suedeze
Descoperitori de elemente chimice
Oameni din Stockholm

Per Teodor Cleve


Henry Giessenbier Jr. (1892. – 1935.) je bio američki bankar. Najpoznatiji je kao osnivač organizacije u St. Louisu koja će u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama od 1920. godine te diljem svijeta od 1944. biti poznata kao Junior Chamber International (JCI).

Izvori

Henry Giessenbier


Brigitte Merk-Erbe (* 18. Mai 1956 in Bayreuth) ist eine deutsche Kommunalpolitikerin der Freien Wählervereinigung Bayreuther Gemeinschaft (BG). Vom 1. Mai 2012 bis zum 30. April 2020 war sie Oberbürgermeisterin der Stadt Bayreuth. Gewählt wurde sie am 25. März 2012, bei der Oberbürgermeister-Stichwahl vom 29. März 2020 unterlag sie gegen den bisherigen 2. Bürgermeister Thomas Ebersberger von der CSU.

Werdegang
Sie wurde als jüngste Tochter von Erika und Bernhard Merk geboren. Nach dem Besuch der Luitpoldschule in Bayreuth wechselte sie an das dortige Richard-Wagner-Gymnasium, wo sie 1975 das Abitur ablegte. Daneben war sie viele Jahre Mitglied im örtlichen Schwimmverein und nahm an oberfränkischen und bayerischen Meisterschaften teil. Sie studierte Sonderpädagogik an der Universität Würzburg und absolvierte eine Ausbildung zur Sonderschullehrerin. 1989 heiratete sie den Unternehmer und Journalisten Thomas Erbe. Von 1995 an war sie als Konrektorin stellvertretende Schulleiterin der Dr.-Kurt-Blaser-Schule im Heilpädagogischen Zentrum in Bayreuth. Sie ist Gründerin der Brigitte Merk-Erbe-Stiftung zur Förderung der Bayreuther Vereine.

Kommunalpolitisch arbeitet sie seit 1995 in der Wählervereinigung Bayreuther Gemeinschaft mit. 1996 kandidierte sie erstmals für den Stadtrat. 1999 wurde sie zur Vorsitzenden der Bayreuther Gemeinschaft gewählt, bei der Kommunalwahl im Frühjahr 2002 zog sie erstmals in den Stadtrat ein. Dort war sie unter anderem Mitglied im Bauausschuss, im Hauptausschuss und im Personalausschuss.

Im März 2006 erreichte sie bei der Wahl des Oberbürgermeisters mit 23,73 Prozent einen Achtungserfolg. Sechs Jahre später wurde sie zur Oberbürgermeisterin gewählt. Sie setzte sich – unterstützt von SPD und Bündnis 90/Die Grünen – am 25. März 2012 in der Stichwahl mit 52,77 % der Stimmen gegen Amtsinhaber Michael Hohl (CSU) durch. Zwei Wochen zuvor hatte sie im ersten Wahlgang  38,28 % erreicht, Michael Hohl 43,60 %.

Mit der Amtszeit von Brigitte Merk-Erbe sind wichtige Projekte für die Stadt Bayreuth verbunden, unter anderem Sanierung und Umbau der Stadthalle zum Friedrichsforum, Sanierung der Graserschule, Schaffung des neuen Wohngebiets Untere Rotmainaue, Schaffung des Medizincampus Oberfranken am Klinikum Bayreuth, Erhalt der Klinik der Deutschen Rentenversicherung und verschiedene Unternehmensansiedlungen bzw. -erweiterungen wie REHAU, Amazon, Stäubli, Tennet und Käserei Bayernland. Zudem wurden in der Amtszeit von Brigitte Merk-Erbe die Schulden der Stadt Bayreuth von 122,9 Mio. auf 75 Mio. Euro vermindert.

Nach ihrer Niederlage bei der Stichwahl der Kommunalwahl 2020 teilte Merk-Erbe mit, sich aus der Kommunalpolitik zurückzuziehen und auch ihr Stadtratsmandat nicht anzunehmen.

Landespolitik
Bei der Landtagswahl 1998 erzielte sie das drittbeste Ergebnis der Freien Wähler in Oberfranken. Bei der Landtagswahl 2008 kandidierte Merk-Erbe als Direktkandidatin im Stimmkreis Bayreuth und erzielte als Drittplatzierte 17,0 % der Erststimmen.

Ämter und Funktionen

als Oberbürgermeisterin der Stadt Bayreuth (beendet)
 Vorsitzende des Stadtrates und der städtischen Ausschüsse
 Mitglied im Bayerischen und Deutschen Städtetag.
 Aufsichtsratsvorsitzende der städtischen GmbHs

als ehrenamtliches Vorstandsmitglied (beendet)
 Erste Vorsitzende der Richard-Wagner-Stipendienstiftung
 Vorstand des Sportkuratoriums Bayreuth
 Vorstandsvorsitzende der Stiftung für Bildungsförderung, der Emil-Warburg-Stiftung, der Hans und Martha Frisch-Altenstiftung, der Hans-und-Emma-Nützel-Altenstiftung, der E.ON-Bayern-Kulturstiftung, der Dr.-Helmut-und-Constanze-Meyer-Kunststiftung, der Bernd-Mayer-Stiftung sowie der Professor-Dr.-Klaus-Dettmann-Kunststiftung

Auszeichnungen
Merk-Erbe wurde mehrfach ausgezeichnet. So erhielt sie 2020 für ihre Verdienste in der Kommunalpolitik die Bayreuth-Medaille in Gold und 2017 für ihre Verdienste um den europäischen Gedanken und ihr Engagement um die Partnerschaft mit dem Burgenland in Österreich das Komturkreuz des Landes Burgenland. Sie ist zudem Trägerin des Bayerischen Verfassungsordens.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

Einzelnachweise

Bürgermeister (Bayreuth)
Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1956
Frau

Brigitte Merk-Erbe


() a fost un actor american.  A apărut în peste 70 de filme în perioada 1926 - 1953.

Filmografie (selecție)
 Puppets (1926) - Frank
 The Great Deception (1926) - Von Markow
 A Man of Quality (1926) - Spanish Joe
 High Hat (1927) - Minor Role
 The Patent Leather Kid (1927) - The German Officer
 American Beauty (1927, lost film) - Gillespie
 The Racket (1928) - Chick
 Adoration (1928) - Baron
 The Peacock Fan (1929) - Dr. Change Dorfman
 Party Girl (1930) - Paul Newcast
 In the Next Room (1930) - French Exporter
 Hell's Angels (1930) - Baron Von Kranz
 The Last of the Lone Wolf (1930) - Varril
 Lotus Lady (1930) - Castro
 The Princess and the Plumber (1930) - Baron von Kemper
 Young Sinners (1931) - Baron von Konitz
 The World and the Flesh (1932) - Cossack ()
 Hollywood Speaks (1932) - Frederick Landau
 Western Limited (1932) - Benoit
 Sherlock Holmes (1932) - Hans Dreiaugen ()
 Secrets of the French Police (1932) - Lomzoi
 Grand Slam (1933) - Gregory ()
 Reunion in Vienna (1933) - Colline - Waiter ()
 The Sphinx (1933) - Jenks, the Butler
 Storm at Daybreak (1933) - Hungarian Soldier ()
 After Tonight (1933) - Lt. Erlich
 The Crime of Helen Stanley (1934) - Gibson
 All Men Are Enemies (1934) - Chief ()
 The Return of Chandu (1934, Serial) - Vindhyan - High Priest [Chs. 1-4]
 The Merry Widow (1934) - Adamovitch ()
 Sweepstake Annie (1935) - Temperamental Director ()
 Bride of Frankenstein (1935) - Butler
 Born to Gamble (1935) - Al Schultz
 Champagne for Breakfast (1935) - Bates
 Darkest Africa (1936, Serial) - Dagna
 The Sky Parade (1936) - Secretary ()
 History Is Made at Night (1937) - Private Detective
 Trapped by G-Men (1937) - Franzy
 High Flyers (1937) - Mr. Panzer
 Every Day's a Holiday (1937) - Danny the Dip
 Mr. Wong, Detective (1938) - Anton Mohl
 Paris Honeymoon (1939) - Mug ()
 Confessions of a Nazi Spy (1939) - Kranz ()
 Nurse Edith Cavell (1939) - Lt. Schmidt
 Espionage Agent (1939) - Decker
 Hitler – Beast of Berlin (1939) - Sachs
 The Mortal Storm (1940) - Passport Official on Train ()
 King of the Royal Mounted (1940, Serial) - Johnson [Ch. 1]
 Sky Murder (1940) - Brucker
 The Great Dictator (1940) - Storm Trooper Officer ()
 South of Panama (1941) - Raynor
 Man Hunt (1941) - Umbrella Henchman
 King of the Texas Rangers (1941, Serial) - Zeppelin Captain [Chs. 1,3,6,10,11,12]
 The Secret Code (1942, Serial) - U-499 Commander [Chs.4,15]
 Panama Hattie (1942) - Hans ()
 Assignment in Brittany (1943) - Maj. von Pless
 Hangmen Also Die! (1943) - Policeman ()
 Submarine Base (1943) - Capt. Mueller - German Submarine
 Hostages (1943) - German Officer in Officers' Club ()
 Storm Over Lisbon (1944) - Man in Tails ()
 The Falcon's Alibi (1946) - Baron
 On Our Merry Way (1948) - Jackson ()
 So This Is New York (1948) - Waiter ()
 Bodyguard (1948) - Peter the Butler ()
 High Noon (1952) - Joe - Ramirez Saloon Bartender ()

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
Listă de actori americani

Nașteri în 1901
Decese în 1994
Actori americani

Lucien Prival


Le  (ukrainien : Київський міський будинок учителя) est un musée consacré à l'histoire situé à Kiev, en Ukraine. Il a été fondé en 2009.

Historique

Le musée est un département du Musée national de l'histoire de l'Ukraine. Le bâtiment est l'oeuvre de Pavlo Alyoshyn construit entre  1909-1911.

Collections

Le Musée présente des objets en relation avec la République populaire ukrainienne, la République populaire d'Ukraine occidentale, l'Hetmanat, le Directoire d'Ukraine, les deux campagnes d'hiver ; et autour des héros de la bataille de Krouty.

Galerie d'images

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Liens externes

National histoire
National Ukraine

Musée de la révolution ukrainienne (1917-1921)


Manual de istorie al Partidului Comunist și al Uniunii Sovietice 1898 - 1991 ( este o  enciclopedice rusofonă de  informații cu acces gratuit online despre istoria Partidului Comunist al URSS și a membrilor săi.

Proiectul este creat la inițiativa lui Nafthali Hirschkowitz (Zikhron Yaakov), creator și editor al proiectului. Este asistat de mai mulți specialiști în domeniul istoriei pe un vast teritoriu al fostei Uniuni Sovietice. Printre aceștia se numără experți în domeniul științei istorice și alții. Proiectul a început în 2005.

Vezi si
 Marea Enciclopedie Sovietică

Legături externe
 Pagina index
 Lista bibliografiei pe care se bazează informațiile proiectului

Enciclopedii libere online
Fondări în 2005
Cărți de non-ficțiune

Manualul de istorie al Partidului Comunist și al Uniunii Sovietice 1898 – 1991


Plena is a genre of music and dance native to Puerto Rico.

Origins
The plena genre originated in Barrio San Antón, Ponce, Puerto Rico, around 1900. It was influenced by the bomba style of music. Originally, sung texts were not associated with the plena, which was rendered by guitar, accordion and pandero, but eventually, in 1907, singing was added. Plena was often called the periodico cantado or "sung newspaper" for the lower classes because it spread messages among people, similar to the corridos in Mexico.

History
The plena was a result of the mixing of the culturally diverse popular class, where their workplace, neighborhood, and life experiences met to create an expressive, satirical style of music. It became a way for the working class to gain empowerment through parody. Due to originating in the lower social class, it was regarded by the upper class as "a menace to public order and private property" and was for many years associated with people of la vida alegre (the merry life), referring to prostitutes, dancers, alcoholics, and moral degenerates. Singing and dancing of the plena often happened in cafetines, bars that frequently doubled as brothels and where interracial socializing and sexual encounters were free to take place.

According to singers discussing the use of the plena, they stated it was song with lyrics that related to a current event. For example, if someone drowned or was killed, a plena would be written about it. , , , and  were some plenas which became wildly popular.

The eventual widespread acceptance of the plena can be attributed to the increased number of people joining the workforce, which led to a new demand for public leisure. It was still considered indecent by the upper class, who fought against its rising popularity. In December 1917, an ordinance was passed banning the dances from happening inside the city limits. It took another decade for the plena to gain widespread popularity throughout Puerto Rico and cross racial and cultural boundaries. Listening to plena at home and at neighborhood- or municipal-sanctioned celebrations became acceptable and was no longer considered morally tainted by "respectable" white upper class Ponceños. Eventually, with much whitewashing to make it more palatable to the masses, plena was embraced in earnest as a style of music that united Puerto Ricans. However, with the acceptance of the upper class, what began as a vitally important cultural identifier and personal expression of philosophy, community, and self to the lower class became an entertaining spectacle for the white upper class.

By the 1930s, the plena was accessible to all through the radio and record industries.

Genre
Plena music is generally folkloric in nature.  The music's beat and rhythm are usually played using hand drums called panderetas, also known as panderos. The music is accompanied by a scrape gourd, the guiro. Panderetas resemble tambourines but without the jingles. These are handheld drums with stretched animal skins, usually goat skin, covering a round wooden frame. Three different sizes of pandereta are used in plena: the Seguidor (the largest of the three), the Punteador (the medium-sized drum), and the requinto. An advantage of this percussion arrangement is its portability, contributing to the plena's spontaneous appearance at social gatherings. Other instruments commonly heard in plena music are the cuatro, the maracas, and accordions.

The fundamental melody of the plena, as in all regional Puerto Rican music, has a decided Spanish strain; it is marked in the resemblance between the plena Santa María and a song composed in the Middle Ages by Alfonso the Wise, King of Spain. The lyrics of plena songs are usually octosyllabic and assonant. Following the universal custom the theme touches upon all phases of life—romance, politics, and current events. Generally, anything which appeals to the imagination of the people, such as the arrival of a personage, a crime, a bank moratorium, or a hurricane, can be the subject of plena music.

Spread
Plena is played throughout Puerto Rico especially during special occasions such as the Christmas season, and as the musical backdrop for civic protests, due to its traditional use as a vehicle for social commentary. When plena is played the audience often joins in the singing, clapping, and dancing. Plena is also enjoyed by the Puerto Rican diaspora outside of Puerto Rico. Pleneros de la 21, for example, traveled to Hawaii to perform for the Puerto Rican diaspora there which include descendants of Puerto Ricans who immigrated to Hawaii from Puerto Rico in the early 20th century.

Composers
As a folk genre, there have been many good composers, some well known in their day and into the present. Perhaps one of the genre's most celebrated composers and performers was Manuel Jiménez, known as 'El Canario'. Certainly, there were many others, including such greats as Ramito, Ismael Rivera, Mon Rivera (the junior), and Rafael Cortijo. In 2006, Tito Matos and Los Pleneros de la 21 received a Grammy nomination for their  plena songs recording.

The genre has had a revival recently, as evident by the emergence of many plena bands (such as Plena Libre, Viento de agua and others) and its use in various songs, such as Ricky Martin's recent song "Pégate" and Ivy Queen's "Vamos A Celebrar".

In 1953, Puerto Rican writer, Luis Palés Matos wrote  urging the Puerto Rican woman to move it and ends the plena with the line  (to make "Uncle Sam" angry).

See also

List of Puerto Ricans
Music of Puerto Rico

References

Sources
 Aparicio, Frances R., "Listening to salsa: gender, Latin popular music, and Puerto Rican cultures", Wesleyan University Press, 1998. . Cf. Chapter Two: A Sensual Mulatta Called the Plena, pp. 27–44.

Puerto Rican music
Ponce, Puerto Rico

Plena


غرازهدانسكوي, غرازهدانسكوي بيرفويي  هي مدينة في مقاطعة ستافروبول كراي في روسيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 3011   نسمة.

مراجع

مدن كراي ستافروبول

غرازهدانسكوي (ستافروبول)


Dun & Bradstreet Corporation je američka kompanija za poslovno izvještavanje. Pruža poslovne informacije, analitiku velikih količina podataka i uvide za poslovno odlučivanje. Sjedište joj je u gradu Jacksonville u državi Florida, SAD. Kompanija je izlistana na NYSE. Često se skraćeno naziva samo D&B. Baza podataka koju posjeduje tvrtka sadrži više od 400 milijuna poslovnih zapisa širom svijeta.

Povijest Dun & Bradstreeta seže u 1841. godinu, kada je osnovana Mercantile Agency u New Yorku od strane Lewisa Tappana, kasnije preimenovane u R.G. Dun & Company. Godine 1933. Dun se spojio s konkurentom Johnom M. Bradstreetom i formirao današnji Dun & Bradstreet.

Godine 1963. Dun & Bradstreet je osmislio i kreirao univerzalni sustav numeriranja podataka (D&B D-U-N-S broj).

Vanjske poveznice
 Dun & Bradstreet
 Što je Dun & Bradstreet? (na engleskom jeziku)

Američke tvrtke

Dun & Bradstreet


172734 Giansimon este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
172734 Giansimon este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la San Marcello Pistoiese de Luciano Tesi și Giancarlo Fagioli. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,53 ua, o excentricitate de 0,13 și o înclinație de 7,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 172001-173000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2004
Centura de asteroizi

172734 Giansimon


Les pogroms anti-chinois de l'Amour de 1900 sont une série de massacres et de représailles contre les résidents chinois de Blagovechtchensk et des soixante-quatre villages à l'est du fleuve de la région de l'Amour dans le cadre de la révolte des Boxers, entraînant finalement des milliers de morts, l'expulsion des Chinois vivant dans les soixante-quatre villages et un contrôle accru de la Russie sur la région. La justification russe des pogroms est de réprimer des attaques menées contre des infrastructures russes à l'extérieur de Blagovechtchensk par des Boxers chinois, auxquelles les forces russes auraient ensuite répondu. Les pogroms eux-mêmes se sont produits du 17 au 21 juillet 1900.

Étymologie
Le nom des massacres et représailles n'est pas uniformisé et ils sont désignés sous différents termes au fil du temps. Le nom chinois le plus courant est la « catastrophe russe de Gengzi » (庚子俄難), mais les deux événements les plus importants à Blagovechtchensk et aux soixante-quatre villages à l'est du fleuve sont appelés respectivement « massacre de Blagovechtchensk » (海蘭泡慘案) et « massacre des soixante-quatre villages à l'est du fleuve » (江東六十四屯慘案).

Le nom russe des massacres à Blagovechtchensk est le « pogrom chinois de Blagovechtchensk » (Китайский погром в Благовещенске), tandis que les massacres et représailles ayant eu lieu dans les soixante-quatre villages à l'est du fleuve sont appelés la « bataille de l'Amour » (Бои на Амуре).

Évènements
Le lieutenant-général Konstantin Nikolaïevitch Gribski ordonne l'expulsion de tous les sujets Qing restés au nord du fleuve. Cela comprend les habitants des villages et les commerçants et travailleurs chinois qui vivent à Blagovechtchensk où ils représentent entre un sixième et la moitié de la population locale de  habitants. Ils sont emmenés par la police locale et conduits au fleuve pour y être noyés. Ceux qui savent nager sont abattus par les forces russes.

Postérité
Andrew Higgins du New York Times écrit que les responsables chinois et russes avaient tendance à ne pas évoquer les incidents pendant les périodes de bonnes relations entre la Chine et la Russie ou entre la , alors que l'incident est évoqué après la rupture sino-soviétique avec le témoignage de survivants des massacres encore vivants. Higgins déclare qu'en 2020, les responsables chinois et russes ont délibérément évité de traiter l'incident.

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Juillet 1900
Révolte des Boxers
1900 en Chine
Frontière entre la Chine et la Russie
Crime de guerre en Russie
Crime de guerre en Chine
Histoire de l'oblast de l'Amour

Pogroms anti-chinois de l'Amour de 1900


مانهاتان بيتش  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة لوس أنجليس، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 12 ديسمبر، 1912.

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لمانهاتان بيتش:

توأمة
لمانهاتان بيتش (كاليفورنيا) اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من:
 ريدوندو بيتش
 هيرموسا بيتش

أعلام

 جاكسون ماكراكين
 جوش روزين
 جون فيرتشايلد
 جيف تارانغو
 غافين هوفر
 هيو إس. فولر
 مارجوري رينولدز
 فرانك رايلي
 ويليام بي. كين

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1912
تأسيسات سنة 1912 في كاليفورنيا
مدن ساحلية في كاليفورنيا
مدن كاليفورنيا
مدن لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)

مانهاتان بيتش (كاليفورنيا)

مانهاتان بيتش (كاليفورنيا)


Corpul VIII Armată austro-ungar  a fost una din marile unități operative ale Armatei Austro-Ungare, participantă la acțiunile militare de pe frontul român, în timpul Primului Război Mondial.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioanițiu, Alexandru (lt.col.), Războiului României, 1916-1918, vol. I, Tipografia Geniului, București, 1929
  ***, ''România în războiul mondial 1916-1919, vol. I-IV, Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului, București, 1934-1936

Vezi și
 Participarea României la Primul Război Mondial

Unități militare austro-ungare pe frontul român în Primul Război Mondial
Cioturi din proiectul România în Primul Război Mondial
Unități militare din Austro-Ungaria

Corpul VIII Armată austro-ungar (1916-1918)


DEĞİL kapısı, girişindeki mantıksal değeri tersine çevirir. Girişteki işaretin lojik 1 seviyesinde olması durumunda çıkış lojik 0 seviyesinde, lojik 0 seviyesinde olması durumunda ise çıkış lojik 1 seviyesinde olur. Tümleme mantık bağlacının dijital sistemlerdeki karşılığıdır.

DEĞİL Kapısının doğruluk tablosu:

Semboller

DEĞİL kapısının iki farklı sembolü bulunmaktadır.

Donanım Tanımı ve Ayak Dizilimi

DEĞİL kapıları TTL ve CMOS tümleşik devreleri olarak üretilen temel mantıksal kapılardan biridir. Standart CMOS 4000 serisinin 4049 numaralı tümdevresi içinde 6 adet birbirinden bağımsız DEĞİL kapısını barındırır. Ayakların dağılımıyla ilgili diyagram aşağıda gösterilmektedir.

Bu tümdevre birçok yarı iletken devre üreticisi tarafından üretilmektedir. DIL ve SOIC tarzı ayak dizilimine sahip modelleri bulunmaktadır. Tümdevrelerle ilgili detaylı bilgi içeren veri sayfaları (Datasheet) birçok veri sayfası veritabanında bulunmaktadır.

Gerçeklemeler

Alternatifler

DEĞİL kapısı ayrıca VE DEĞİL veya VEYA DEĞİL kapıları kullanılarakta elde edilebilir. Aynı giriş işareti bu kapıların herhangi birinin iki ayağına birden uygulandığında çıkış işaretinin bool cebri fonksiyonu DEĞİL kapısıyla aynıdır. Temelde her mantıksal kapı VE DEĞİL veya VEYA DEĞİL kapıları kullanılarak gerçeklenebilir.

Ayrıca bakınız

 VE kapısı
 VEYA kapısı
 VEDEĞİL kapısı
 VEYADEĞİL kapısı
 ÖZELVEYA kapısı
 ÖZELVEYADEĞİL kapısı.

Kaynakça

Bu makalenin çoğu Wikipedia'nın aynı başlıklı İngilizce makalesinden (06 Kasım 2006) alınmadır. İngilizce makalenin gösterdiği kaynak yoktur.

Mantıksal kapılar

DEĞİL kapısı


Pedro Gonçalo De Brito Aleixo Bogas (nascido em 1973) é um advogado e gestor português que serve actualmente como Presidente do Conselho de Administração da Carris. Foi também administrador do Metro de Lisboa e assessor de Sérgio Monteiro na secretaria de estado dos Transportes entre 2011 e 2015. Anteriormente, já havia integrado um conselho de administração da Carris em 2012, com o cargo de vogal.

É licenciado em Direito através da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Católica Portuguesa e possui uma pós-graduação em Direito do Consumo, pela Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa.

Foi também membro da Comissão de Recursos Humanos da União Internacional dos Transportes Públicos (UITP) e desempenhou uma série de outros cargos ligados aos transportes.

Gestores de Portugal
Carris
Alumni da Universidade Católica Portuguesa

Pedro de Brito Bogas


يونس قابول  لاعب كرة قدم فرنسي ذا اصول مغربية ولد في 4 يناير عام 1986 في سافوا العليا (إقليم فرنسي). يستطيع قابول اللعب في مركزي الدفاع والوسط.

الأندية التي لعب لها

لعب قابول مع نادي أوكسير الفرنسي في الفئات السنية منذ عام 2000 حتى عام 2004 ومنذ ذلك العام مثل الفريق الأول للنادي وحقق معهم كأس فرنسا حتى عام 2007 حيث انتقل لنادي توتنهام هوتسبر الإنجليزي ولعب معهم لموسم واحد فقط حقق فيه لقب كأس رابطة الأندية الإنجليزية المحترفة حتى انتقل لنادي بورتسموث الإنجليزي في عام 2008 ثم عاد إلى توتنهام هوتسبر قي النتقالات الشتوية من عام 2010.

مشاركاته الدولية

كان قابول قائد المنتخب الفرنسي تحت 21 سنة لسنتين. وعلى الرغم من انه من اصول مغربية الا انه لايستطيع اللعب الا للمنتخبات الفرنسية.

أهداف اللاعب

 من عام 2007 حتى عام 2011

الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز :
 سجل مع نادي توتنهام هوتسبير الإنجليزي في مباراة فريقه أمام فولهام الإنجليزي وانتهت المباراة بالتعادل 3-3 عام 2007 .
 سجل مع نادي توتنهام هوتسبير الإنجليزي في مباراة فريقه أستون فيلا الإنجليزي وانتهت المباراة بالتعادل 4-4 عام 2007 .
 سجل مع نادي توتنهام هوتسبير الإنجليزي في مباراة فريقه ديربي كاونتي الإنجليزي وانتهت المباراة بفوزهم 3-0 عام 2008 .
 سجل مع نادي بورتسموث الإنجليزي في مباراة فريقه وست بروميتش ألبيون الإنجليزي وانتهت المباراة بتعادلهم 2-2 عام 2009 .
 سجل مع نادي بورتسموث الإنجليزي في مباراة فريقه بولتون واندررز الإنجليزي وانتهت المباراة بخسارتهم 2-3 عام 2009 .
 سجل مع نادي بورتسموث الإنجليزي في مباراة فريقه آرسنال الإنجليزي وانتهت المباراة بخسارتهم 1-4 عام 2009 .
 سجل مع نادي بورتسموث الإنجليزي في مباراة فريقه سندرلاند الإنجليزي وانتهت المباراة بتعادلهم 1-1 عام 2009 .
 سجل مع نادي توتنهام هوتسبير الإنجليزي في مباراة فريقه آرسنال الإنجليزي وانتهت المباراة بفوزهم 3-2 عام 2010 .
 سجل مع نادي توتنهام هوتسبير الإنجليزي في مباراة فريقه مانشستر سيتي الإنجليزي وانتهت المباراة بخسارتهم 1-5 عام 2011 .

كأس الاتحاد الأوروبي :
 سجل مع نادي توتنهام هوتسبير الإنجليزي في مباراة فريقه أمام أنورثوسيس فاماغوستا القبرصي وانتهت المباراة بفوزهم 6-1 عام 2007 .
 سجل مع نادي بورتسموث الإنجليزي في مباراة فريقه أمام إيه سي ميلان الإيطالي وانتهت المباراة بالتعادل 2-2 عام 2008 .

دوري أبطال أوروبا :
 سجل مع نادي توتنهام هوتسبير الإنجليزي في مباراة فريقه أمام فيردر بريمين الألماني وانتهت المباراة بفوزهم 3-0 عام 2010 .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون فرنسيون مغتربون في إنجلترا
رياضيون فرنسيون من أصل مغربي
رياضيون من سافوا العليا
فرنسيون من أصل مغربي
لاعبو أوكسير
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو بورتسموث
لاعبو توتنهام هوتسبر
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو سندرلاند
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم من أوفيرني-رون ألب
لاعبو منتخب فرنسا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب فرنسا لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب فرنسا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو نادي واتفورد
مواليد 1406 هـ
مواليد 1986

يونس قابول


Carl Giesecke (* 2. September 1812 in Göttingen; † 28. September 1888 ebenda) war ein deutscher Orgelbauer, der als Zulieferant von Zungenpfeifen bekannt wurde.

Leben und Werk
Heinrich Carl August Giesecke wurde als Sohn des Tuchmachers Otto Heinrich Giesecke und Marie Caroline Aue geboren. Sein Großvater und Urgroßvater waren Chirurgen in Schoningen.

Carl Giesecke erlernte von 1840 bis 1844 den Orgelbau bei Johann Friedrich Schulze, an dessen Stil er sich baulich und klanglich orientierte. Am 1. April 1844 erwarb er das Bürgerrecht in Göttingen, machte sich dort selbstständig und war bald einer der bedeutendsten Orgelbauer im südlichen Niedersachsen. Er belieferte zunächst Schulze mit Zungenregistern und anderen Orgelteilen. Bis 1860 erlangte die Werkstatt eine führende Stellung als Zulieferbetrieb und lieferte ab 1870 ausschließlich Zungenstimmen und Orgelteile. Bis 1869 schuf er über 20 Neubauten.

Am 28. Juli 1844 heiratete er Wilhelmine Rosine Charlotte Schulz aus Hameln, mit der er sechs Kinder hatte. Sein Sohn Hermann (* 11. Mai 1847 in Göttingen; † 12. Februar 1928 ebenda) war ebenfalls Orgelbauer und kurz nach 1880 Partner des Vaters. Entsprechend einer vertraglichen Vereinbarung firmierte das Unternehmen seit 1884 als "Carl Giesecke & Sohn". Hermann übernahm seitdem den Bau der Zungen, während der Vater nur noch mechanische Teile anfertigte. Angesichts der wachsenden Nachfrage für Zungenstimmen wurde der Bau kompletter Orgeln aufgegeben.

Da Hermann keine männlichen Nachfahren hatte, wurde die Firma 1909 an Adolf Hammer verpachtet, dem Mitinhaber von P. Furtwängler & Hammer. Hermanns beide Töchter Helene Giesecke und Gertrud Steggewentz wurden Gesellschafter und das Unternehmen in "Gieseckes Erben und W. Furtwängler" umbenannt. Die Zahl der Mitarbeiter wuchs nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg auf über 75 an. 2006 wurde das Unternehmen in eine GmbH umgewandelt. In Fortführung der Unternehmenstradition belieferten etwa 25 Mitarbeiter weltweit Orgelbauer mit Zungen- und Labialpfeifen. Im Jahr 2012 meldete das Unternehmen Insolvenz an, in deren Folge die Werkstatt aufgelöst und der Geschäftsbetrieb eingestellt wurde.

Werkliste (Auswahl)
Die Größe der Instrumente wird in der fünften Spalte durch die Anzahl der Manuale und die Anzahl der klingenden Register in der sechsten Spalte angezeigt. Ein großes "P" steht für ein selbstständiges Pedal, ein kleines "p" für ein angehängtes Pedal. Eine Kursivierung zeigt an, dass die betreffende Orgel nicht mehr oder lediglich der Prospekt erhalten ist.

Literatur

 Wilhelm Furtwängler: Carl Giesecke & Sohn GmbH, Göttingen, Prov. Hannover, Fabrik aller Orgel-Zungenstimmen. Göttingen 1928.
 Carl Giesecke: Zungenstimmen. Den Freunden unseres Hauses. 1838–1963. Carl Giesecke & Sohn, Göttingen 1963.
 Uwe Pape: Carl Giesecke – Orgelbauer und Fabrikant von Zungenstimmen in Göttingen. In: Roland Behrens, Christoph Grohmann (Hrsg.): Dulce Melos Organorum. Festschrift Alfred Reichling zum 70. Geburtstag (= Veröffentlichung der Gesellschaft der Orgelfreunde. Band 200). Gesellschaft der Orgelfreunde, Mettlach 2005, S. 385–422.
 Uwe Pape: Giesecke, Familie. In: Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Personenteil, Band 7. Kassel, Bärenreiter 2002, Sp. 930–931.
 Klaus Wilhelm Furtwängler, Angelika Hesse: Zungenstimmen . Giesecke + Sohn 1997 (PDF-Datei; 7,35 MB).

Einzelnachweise

Orgelbauer (19. Jahrhundert)
Orgelbauer (Deutschland)
Person (Göttingen)
Deutscher
Geboren 1812
Gestorben 1888
Mann

Carl Giesecke (Orgelbauer)


In set theory and related branches of mathematics, the von Neumann universe, or von Neumann hierarchy of sets, denoted by V, is the class of hereditary well-founded sets. This collection, which is formalized by Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZFC), is often used to provide an interpretation or motivation of the axioms of ZFC. The concept is named after John von Neumann, although it was first published by Ernst Zermelo in 1930.

The rank of a well-founded set is defined inductively as the smallest ordinal number greater than the ranks of all members of the set. In particular, the rank of the empty set is zero, and every ordinal has a rank equal to itself. The sets in V are divided into the transfinite hierarchy Vα, called the cumulative hierarchy, based on their rank.

Definition

The cumulative hierarchy is a collection of sets Vα
indexed by the class of ordinal numbers; in particular, Vα is the set of all sets having ranks less than α. Thus there is one set Vα for each ordinal number α. Vα may be defined by transfinite recursion as follows:
 Let V0 be the empty set:

 For any ordinal number β, let Vβ+1 be the power set of Vβ:

 For any limit ordinal λ, let Vλ be the union of all the V-stages so far:

A crucial fact about this definition is that there is a single formula φ(α,x) in the language of ZFC that states "the set x is in Vα".

The sets  Vα are called stages or ranks.

The class V is defined to be the union of all the V-stages:

An equivalent definition sets

for each ordinal α, where  is the powerset of .

The rank of a set S is the smallest α such that  Another way to calculate rank is:
.

Finite and low cardinality stages of the hierarchy

The first five von Neumann stages V0 to V4 may be visualized as follows. (An empty box represents the empty set. A box containing only an empty box represents the set containing only the empty set, and so forth.)

This sequence exhibits tetrational growth. The set V5 contains 216 = 65536 elements; the set V6 contains 265536 elements, which very substantially exceeds the number of atoms in the known universe; and for any natural n, the set Vn+1 contains 2 ↑↑ n elements using Knuth's up-arrow notation. So the finite stages of the cumulative hierarchy cannot be written down explicitly after stage 5. The set Vω has the same cardinality as ω. The set Vω+1 has the same cardinality as the set of real numbers.

Applications and interpretations

Applications of V as models for set theories
If ω is the set of natural numbers, then Vω is the set of hereditarily finite sets, which is a model of set theory without the axiom of infinity.

Vω+ω is the universe of "ordinary mathematics", and is a model of Zermelo set theory (but not a model of ZF).  A simple argument in favour of the adequacy of Vω+ω is the observation that Vω+1 is adequate for the integers, while Vω+2 is adequate for the real numbers, and most other normal mathematics can be built as relations of various kinds from these sets without needing the axiom of replacement to go outside Vω+ω.

If κ is an inaccessible cardinal, then Vκ is a model of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZFC) itself, and Vκ+1 is a model of Morse–Kelley set theory. (Note that every ZFC model is also a ZF model, and every ZF model is also a Z model.)

Interpretation of V as the "set of all sets"
V is not "the set of all (naive) sets" for two reasons. First, it is not a set; although each individual stage Vα is a set, their union V is a proper class. Second, the sets in V are only the well-founded sets. The axiom of foundation (or regularity) demands that every set be well founded and hence in V, and thus in ZFC every set is in V. But other axiom systems may omit the axiom of foundation or replace it by a strong negation (an example is Aczel's anti-foundation axiom). These non-well-founded set theories are not commonly employed, but are still possible to study.

A third objection to the "set of all sets" interpretation is that not all sets are necessarily "pure sets", which are constructed from the empty set using power sets and unions. Zermelo proposed in 1908 the inclusion of urelements, from which he constructed a transfinite recursive hierarchy in 1930. Such urelements are used extensively in model theory, particularly in Fraenkel-Mostowski models.

Hilbert's paradox
The nonexistence of  as a set may be seen as a case of Hilbert's paradox:

 There is no set  such that for all , , and for all , .

Such a set may not exist because , therefore  and , which is a contradiction. If  were a set, it would satisfy all of the hypotheses of : For any ,  is in some , therefore  and . If , then  is a subset of some , so , and then .

V and the axiom of regularity
The formula V = ⋃αVα is often considered to be a theorem, not a definition. Roitman states (without references) that the realization that the axiom of regularity is equivalent to the equality of the universe of ZF sets to the cumulative hierarchy is due to von Neumann.

The existential status of V

Since the class V may be considered to be the arena for most of mathematics, it is important to establish that it "exists" in some sense. Since existence is a difficult concept, one typically replaces the existence question with the consistency question, that is, whether the concept is free of contradictions. A major obstacle is posed by Gödel's incompleteness theorems, which effectively imply the impossibility of proving the consistency of ZF set theory in ZF set theory itself, provided that it is in fact consistent.

The integrity of the von Neumann universe depends fundamentally on the integrity of the ordinal numbers, which act as the rank parameter in the construction, and the integrity of transfinite induction, by which both the ordinal numbers and the von Neumann universe are constructed. The integrity of the ordinal number construction may be said to rest upon von Neumann's 1923 and 1928 papers. The integrity of the construction of V by transfinite induction may be said to have then been established in Zermelo's 1930 paper.

History

The cumulative type hierarchy, also known as the von Neumann universe, is claimed by Gregory H. Moore (1982) to be inaccurately attributed to von Neumann. The first publication of the von Neumann universe was by Ernst Zermelo in 1930.

Existence and uniqueness of the general transfinite recursive definition of sets was demonstrated in 1928 by von Neumann for both Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory and von Neumann's own set theory (which later developed into NBG set theory). In neither of these papers did he apply his transfinite recursive method to construct the universe of all sets. The presentations of the von Neumann universe by Bernays and Mendelson both give credit to von Neumann for the transfinite induction construction method, although not for its application to the construction of the universe of ordinary sets.

The notation V is not a tribute to the name of von Neumann. It was used for the universe of sets in 1889 by Peano, the letter V signifying "Verum", which he used both as a logical symbol and to denote the class of all individuals. Peano's notation V was adopted also by Whitehead and Russell for the class of all sets in 1910. The V notation (for the class of all sets) was not used by von Neumann in his 1920s papers about ordinal numbers and transfinite induction. Paul Cohen explicitly attributes his use of the letter V (for the class of all sets) to a 1940 paper by Gödel, although Gödel most likely obtained the notation from earlier sources such as Whitehead and Russell.

Philosophical perspectives

There are two approaches to understanding the relationship of the von Neumann universe V to ZFC (along with many variations of each approach, and shadings between them). Roughly, formalists will tend to view V as something that flows from the ZFC axioms (for example, ZFC proves that every set is in V). On the other hand, realists are more likely to see the von Neumann hierarchy as something directly accessible to the intuition, and the axioms of ZFC as propositions for whose truth in V we can give direct intuitive arguments in natural language. A possible middle position is that the mental picture of the von Neumann hierarchy provides the ZFC axioms with a motivation (so that they are not arbitrary), but does not necessarily describe objects with real existence.

See also

Universe (mathematics)
Constructible universe
Grothendieck universe
Inaccessible cardinal
S (set theory)

Notes

References

 . English translation:

John von Neumann
Set-theoretic universes

Von Neumann universe


John Taylor (October 6, 1836 – February 10, 1909) was an American businessman and politician who served in the New Jersey Senate. He created pork roll in 1856 and formed Taylor Provisions Company in 1888, establishing the brand "Taylor's Prepared Ham", sometimes called Taylor Ham. He also founded the Taylor Opera House in Trenton, New Jersey. Taylor Street in Trenton is also named for him.

Taylor was born in Hamilton Square, New Jersey, in 1836. His father James F. Taylor, owner of a brick yard, died when John was fourteen. Taylor entered the grocery business as a store clerk at seventeen. He quickly earned an interest with his company but left after a year to form his own partnership with James Ronan, which lasted for two years before Taylor bought Ronan's share. From 1860 through 1870, he worked in the wholesale grocery business in association with D.P. Forst. Shortly thereafter, Taylor began working in the pork and cattle packaging industry. This enterprise was organized into the Taylor Provision Company in 1888.

Taylor was a Republican active in Trenton's City Council, where he served as chairman of the finance committee. He was elected to the New Jersey Senate for Mercer County, serving from 1880 to 1883. He declined a second term. He helped to abolish the street markets of New Jersey, and organized the Inter-State Fair in 1888.

In 1860, he married Catherine Rowley who later bore him two sons: Harry C., born in September 1864, and William T., October 1869. He is buried in Riverview Cemetery in Trenton.

See also
Taylor Pork Roll
Pork roll

References

American food company founders
1837 births
1909 deaths
Politicians from Mercer County, New Jersey
Republican Party New Jersey state senators
Businesspeople in the meat packing industry
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American businesspeople
People from Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey

John Taylor (Taylor Ham)


Valdilana est une commune italienne de la province de Biella dans la région Piémont en Italie.

Administration

Hameaux
Mosso, Soprana, Trivero e Valle Mosso, Alpe Isolato, Artignaga, Badone, Baltigati, Barbato, Barbero, Bellaria, Barozzo, Bose, Bellavista, Bocchetto, Boschi, Botto, Brovarone, Bulliana, Campore, Capomosso, Castello, Caulera, Centro Zegna, Cerate, Cereje, Cerreia, Cerruti, Crocemosso, Crolle, Dosso, Falcero, Ferla, Ferrero, Fila, Fiorina, Frieri, Frignocca, Gallo, Garbaccio, Gianolio, Giardino, Gioia, Grillero, Guala, Lanvario, Lora, Loro, Luvrino, Marone, Mazza, Mazzucco, Molino, Molinengo, Mosso Santa Maria, Oro, Orcurto, Ormezzano, Piana, Picco, Pistolesa, Polto, Ponzone, Pramorisio, Pratrivero, Prelle, Premarcia, Ricca, Rivarolo, Ronco, Rondò, Roveglio, Sant'Antonio, Sella, Simone, Taverna, Torello, Trabaldo, Trabucco, Vaudano, Venalba, Vico, Villaggio Residenziale, Violetto, Zoccolo

Communes limitrophes
Bioglio, Camandona, Campiglia Cervo, Caprile, Crevacuore, Curino, Mezzana Mortigliengo, Pettinengo, Piatto, Piedicavallo, Portula, Pray, Scopello, (VC), Strona, Vallanzengo, Valle San Nicolao, Veglio

Notes et références

Valdilana


A Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) propôs um plano de proteção aos bens culturais do mundo, através do Comité sobre a Proteção do Património Mundial Cultural e Natural, aprovado em 1972. Esta é uma lista do Patrimônio Mundial existente na Namíbia, especificamente classificada pela UNESCO e elaborada de acordo com dez principais critérios cujos pontos são julgados por especialistas na área. A Namíbia ratificou a convenção em 6 de abril de 2000, tornando seus locais históricos elegíveis para inclusão na lista.

O sítio Twyfelfontein ou /Ui-//aes foi o primeiro local da Namíbia incluído na lista do Patrimônio Mundial da UNESCO por ocasião da 31ª Sessão do Comitè do Património Mundial, realizada em Christchurch (Nova Zelândia) em 2007. Desde a mais recente adesão à lista, a Namíbia totaliza 2 sítios classificados como Patrimônio da Humanidade, sendo um deles de classificação Cultural e um de classificação Natural.

Bens culturais e naturais
A Namíbia conta atualmente com os seguintes lugares declarados como Patrimônio da Humanidade pela UNESCO:

Lista Indicativa
Em adição aos sítios inscritos na Lista do Patrimônio Mundial, os Estados-membros podem manter uma lista de sítios que pretendam nomear para a Lista de Patrimônio Mundial, sendo somente aceitas as candidaturas de locais que já constarem desta lista. Desde 2016, a Namíbia possui 8 locais na sua Lista Indicativa.

Ligações externas

Cultura da Namíbia
Namíbia

Lista do Patrimônio Mundial na Namíbia


الخويمات بلدة صغيرة في جنوب شعبية الجبل الأخضر تبعد عن مدينة البيضاء 135 كم. سميت بالخويمات لوجود مرتفاعات تظهر من بعيد على شكل خيمة.

الشخصيات التاريخية والسكان

الشهيد حسين الجويفي قائد دور البراعصة والدرسة ابان الاستعمار الإيطالي
أبوبكر بوحدوث شخصية تاريخية أيام الدولة العثمانية كان قائد البراعصة في حربهم مع العبيدات
حرب البراعصة والعبيدات
ألصغير حدوث ..ومنهم // عبد الرازق يونس الصغير ،،محمد الصغير القلنج ..صالح حمد الصغير ..على الصغير.. محمد السيفاط ,,أل أبرهيم الجويفي وعبد الرحيم بوطريف الجويفي محمدعوض الجويفي عثمان عبد القادر الجويفي وأحمد سيف النصر حدوث أدريس سيف ألنصر حدوث
كل هذه الشخصيات وغيرها أصلها من هذه المنطقة.

حدود الخويمات

تقع الخويمات على مساحه كبيرة جدا حيث تمتد من طريق المرج - ذروه - المخيلي - التميمي شمالا وتمد إلى الجنوب حتى طريق طبرق - اجدابيا ومن الغرب تحدها جردس والخروبة التابعتين للمرج ومن الشرق جردس البراعصة والقبة وطبرق.
المناطق التابعة للخويمات
سمالوس - زاوية النيان - مقطوعة حسين الجويفي - سلك بوعسكر - الشبيكة - عقاير الشعفة - البلط - علم الصوان - وهناك مسميات آخرى يطلقها السكان على الأماكن حسب الطبيعة والتكوين.

الناحية الاقتصادية

وتعتبر مصدر حيوي للثروة الحيوانية من الآبل والأغنام وكما ينشط بها نوعا ما زراعة الحبوب ومصادر المياه فيها هي الأمطار وهي قليلة الهطول في بعض الاعوام ولكن حباها المولى عز وجل بظاهرة وتكوين جيولوجي فريد وذلك بمرور وادي سمالوس وسطها الذي تأتي عبره السيول من المناطق الجبلية الشمالية وتمر عبر الخويمات لتستقر في البلط وهو اشبه ببحيرة كبيرة وسط الصحراء وذلك على عكس المناطق الأخرى والتي تذهب مياهها إلى الشمال لتنتهي في البحر.

الخدمات العامة
 الطريق معبده بالكامل
 الكهرباء  مغذية المنطقة بالكامل  بخط الكهرباء  ، وكذلك  يوجد بها محرك ديزل لتوليد الكهرباء.
 لا توجد شبكات اتصال الا الريفي.
 لا يوجد إمداد بالماء.
 يوجد عدد 2 مدرسة ابتدائى ،،اعدادى ..ثانوى
يوجد وحده صحيه
مركز شرطه متكامل
مسجد

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في شعبية الجبل الأخضر
جغرافيا ليبيا
قرى ومدن الجبل الأخضر

الخويمات


An Everardia disticha in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Tetsuo Michael Koyama ngan Bassett Maguire. An Everardia disticha in nahilalakip ha genus nga Everardia, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Everardia

Everardia disticha


Hundruð þúsunda bandarískra hermanna tóku þátt í Víetnamstríðinu frá 1959 til 1975. Þar af voru nokkur þúsund konur.

Konur gegndu ýmsum  hlutverkum í stríðinu og hefur oft verið litið framhjá framlagi þeirra. Ekki liggja fyrir nákvæmar tölur um fjölda þeirra en talið er að þær hafi verið um 11.000. Konurnar störfuðu oftast sem hjúkrunarfræðingar, læknar, flugumferðarstjórar, skrifstofumenn, við upplýsingaöflun- og miðlun og ýmislegt fleirra. Konur störfuðu fyrir allar deildir Bandaríkjahers, jafnvel landgönguliðið. Meirihluti þessara kvenna bauð sig fram til starfanna og var ekki að sinna herskyldu.

Tilvísanir

Víetnamstríðið

Þátttaka kvenna í Víetnamstríðinu


Aktientheater ist der Name folgender Theater:

 Aktientheater (Heilbronn)
 Aktientheater (München)
 Ein ehemaliges Theater im Barfüsserkloster Zürich

Aktientheater


المياه المعدنية هي المياه التي تأتي من الآبار أوالجبال، وهي تحتوي على أملاح معدنية يختلف تركيبتها بحسب طبقات الارضية التحتية وتضاريس المنطقة الآتية منها وقد تحتوي على بعض الغازات. وهي تختلف في رائحتها وطعمها ودرجة حرارتها.

أنواع المياه المعدنية
تصنف بعض البلاد مثل سويسرا وألمانيا والنمسا أنواع المياه المعدنية كالآتي:
 مياه معدنية طبيعية: وهي تأتي من طبقات عميقة تحت سطح الأرض في مناطق عديدة في العالم وتكون محمية من التلوث. تعبأ في زجاجات وتعرض للبيع.
 مياه الآبار: تأتي هذه المياه أيضا من طبقات تحت الأرض، ويمكن أن تخلط بثاني أكسيد الكربون فتكون فوّارة.
 ماء للعلاج: وهذه مياه ثبت تأثيرها العلاجي في تخفيف الأمراض أو الوقاية منها. وعادة تحتوي على نفس نسبة الأملاح التي تحتويه المياه المعدنية الطبيعية. يمكن نزع بعض أملاح تلك المياه أو إضافة أملاح إليها لتوافق المقتضيات الصحية .

تصنيف المياه المعدنية الطبيعية ومياه المعادن كما ياتي:

 1-الماء المعدني الطبيعي غير الغازي:

الماء المعدني الطبيعي غير الغازي هو ماء معدني طبيعي لا يحتوي على غاز الكربون الحر بمقادير تفوق الكمية الضرورية لابقاء الأملاح الهدروجين و-الكربونات الموجودة في الماء ذائبة.

 2-الماء المعدني الطبيعي الغازي طبيعيا:

الماء المعدني الطبيعي الغازي طبيعيا هو ماء معدني طبيعي يحتوي على كمية الغاز نفسها التي يحتويها عندما ينبع وفي حدود التفاوتات التقنية المسموح بها .

تجهيز المياه المعدنية
تحتاط بعض البلاد مثل ألمانيا والنمسا ولا تسمح بتعبئة المياه المعدنية إلا بتصريح من الإدارات الصحية، وليس هذا غريبا فقد وصل عدد التصاريح الجاري العمل بها في ألمانيا نحو 800 تصريح.

وبينما يتخلل تجهيز المياه المعدنية وتعبئتها معاملة مكثفة إلا أنه ليس من المسموح تغيير نسب الأملاح الموجودة في المياه المعدنية الطبيعية، ما عدا نزع جزء من كمية أملاح الحديد والتي قد تقلل من فترة صلاحية استعمال تلك المياه. كما يمكن إضافة ثاني أكسيد الكربون فيتكون حمض الكربونيك H2CO3. ويساعد حمض الكربونيك على بقاء الماء المعدني صالحا للشرب لمدة طويلة حيث يعمل الوسط الحمضي على تطهير المياه من الميكروبات.

كيفية تكونها
المياه المعدنية تسمى أيضًا المياه الغازية، وهي مياه ينابيع تحتوي على نسبة كبيرة من المواد المعدنية أو الغازات آتية من طبقات الأرض التي تستخرج منها . وتشمل المواد المعدنية الملح، وكبريتات المغنسيوم، والجير، والمغنيسيا، والحديد، والسليكا، والبورون، والفلور، والكثير من المواد الأخرى، وقد تحتوي على قدر يسير جدا من مواد مشعة. أما أكثر الغازات شيوعًا فيها فهي ثاني أكسيد الكربون وكبريتيد الهيدروجين ، ولكن كبريتيد الهيدروجين ذو رائحة كريهة.

وفي معظم الأحيان تكون هذه المياه مياه أمطار تسربت تحت الأرض خلال الصخور وأذابت المواد المعدنية في طريقها. وقد تحتوي بعض الينابيع على مياه صهارية تتصاعد من أعماق الأرض بعد تكونها خلال عملية كيميائية داخل الصخور. وبعض الينابيع حارة، وبعضها الآخر عادي الحرارة.

استخداماتها
استخدم الناس المياه المعدنية منذ الأزمنة القديمة لعلاج أمراض مثل الروماتيزم والالتهابات الجلدية وعُسْر الهضم. وتراعى درجة حرارة الماء وموقعه وارتفاع مستواه والمناخ المحيط بالينابيع عند استخدامه في العلاج. كما أنشئت في بعض البلدان منتجعات ينابيع طبيعية حول الينابيع ومنها باث في جلوسترشاير في إنجلترا، وبادن ـ بادن في الغابة السوداء بألمانيا، وفيشي في فرنسا وسيدي حرازم ووالماس ومولاي يعقوب وعين سايس وعين حية في المغرب

قوانين الاتحاد الأوروبي

تتكئ القوانين الوطنية بشأن استخراج وبيع المياه المعدنية الطبيعية على توجيهات الاتحاد الأوروبي.
(2009/54/EG). وفي حالة ظهور اختلاف بين توجيهات الاتحاد الأوروبي والتوجيهات الوطنية فإن توجيهات الاتحاد الأوروبية تسود ولابدّ من تعديل الحكومات لقوانينها لتتوافق مع توجيهات الاتحاد الأوروبي.
من المهم أن تثبت تركيبة المياه المعدنية الطبيعية ودرجة حرارة منبعها ومواصفاتها الأخرى الأساسية وأن يكون تغيرها في حدود تغيرها الطبيعي .

وطبقا لتوجيهات الاتحاد الأوروبي فإن المياه المعدنية الطبيعية لابدّ أن تخضع للبند 4 من توجيهات الاتحاد الأوروبي من وجهة عدم معاملة المياه إلا في حدود ضيقة. فمثلا يمكن لمعبئي المياه خفض مركبات الحديد أو مركبات الكبريت أو الصوديوم منها، باستخدام طرق فيزيائية (لإنتاج ماء معدني خالٍ من الحديد أو خالٍ من الكبريت أو قليل الصوديوم) . كما من المسموح إزالة بعض المركبات من المياه الآتية من طبقات صخور معينة بواسطة غاز الأوزون.
ويسمح أيضا بإزالة حمض الكربونيك من المياه المعدنية الطبيعية أو إضافته إليها.

في بعض الحالات يمكن إزالة مواد غير مرغوب فيها من المياه مثل المنجنيز أو الزرنيخ بواسطة طرق معالجة خاصة تسمح بها الإدارة الصحية. ينطبق هذا أيضا على أملاح الفوريد حيث تستخدم طريقة أكسيد الألمونيوم المنشط لإزالته.(Europäische Verordnung Nr. 115/2010)

اقرأ أيضا

 غذاء
 تغذية متوازنة
 تخسيس
 نستله أمريكا الشمالية للمياه

المراجع

تغذية
ماء

مياه معدنية


Something Fresh is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published as "Something New" in the United States, by D. Appleton & Company on 3 September 1915. It was published in the United Kingdom as "Something Fresh" by Methuen & Co. on 16 September 1915. There are a number of differences between the American and British versions, but essentially, it is the same book. The novel introduces Lord Emsworth of Blandings Castle, whose home and family reappear in many of Wodehouse's later short stories and novels.

The story is a comic caricature of English aristocratic life and the American aristocracy of wealth. The servants of the English country house, who follow a very elaborate hierarchy and take meals at many different social levels, mimic their betters, "and in so doing make their betters look absurd".

Plot summary

Ashe Marson and his fellow lodger Joan Valentine discover that they both work as writers for the Mammoth Publishing Company. Joan urges Ashe to overcome his discontentment and take a fresh direction in life.

Meanwhile, Freddie Threepwood, younger son of the Earl of Emsworth, is engaged to marry Aline Peters, the daughter of American millionaire J. Preston Peters. Freddie pays a visit to a shady fixer, R. Jones, hoping to recover letters he once sent to a certain chorus girl, feeling they might be used to make a breach of promise case against him. His father later calls on Aline's father to view his collection of scarabs and absent-mindedly puts Mr Peters' prize exhibit in his pocket. Though Peters suspects the Earl, he cannot confront him for fear of endangering his daughter's marriage.

Aline is being pursued by George Emerson, a Hong Kong police officer, who wishes to marry her. Having befriended Freddie Threepwood, George has been invited to Blandings Castle, the family home, at the same time that Aline and her father are paying a visit. R. Jones finds the address of Freddie's ex-sweetheart, Joan Valentine, who tells him she has long since destroyed any letters she may have had from Freddie. As Jones is leaving, Aline, a former school friend of Joan, arrives on a visit, and the suspicious Jones listens at the door. Hearing that Aline's father is offering £1,000 to anybody who can retrieve his scarab, Joan decides that she will go herself to Blandings, posing as Aline's maid, so as to recover the scarab and scoop the reward. Acting separately, Ashe answers a newspaper advert and is engaged as his valet by Mr. Peters, who is looking for somebody to steal back the scarab during his visit to Blandings.

Ashe informs Joan about this as they both take the train from London. During the trip Joan warns Ashe of the complicated system of etiquette observed among servants of a large house. She hopes this will persuade him to give up his quest and remove himself as her competitor. After their arrival, Ashe is terrified to be interviewed by the butler, Beach, and has to listen to a recital of his troubles with his feet and his stomach. Mr Peters also has stomach trouble and Ashe threatens him with non-cooperation unless he takes some exercise and stops smoking cigars.

At night, Ashe and Joan are both trying to get at the scarab when Lord Emsworth's watchful secretary, Rupert Baxter, nearly catches them. Next morning, Ashe and Joan decide to become allies and, after flipping a coin, agree to take turns at stealing the scarab. Since Aline is following the same reduced diet as her father, George steals downstairs to prepare her a midnight feast and collides with Ashe in the dark hall. They start a noisy fight but escape after the suspicious Baxter trips over them and is found surrounded by food and broken china by the time the lights are turned on. He is blamed for waking everyone and roundly criticised by Lord Emsworth for going in search of food in the middle of the night.

The next night is Joan's turn to make her attempt, but she finds the scarab has already gone. Putting together clues, she and Ashe discover that Freddie needs money to pay R. Jones, who is pretending that Joan is demanding it for the return of his letters. But Freddie is an admirer of the detective tales that Ashe writes and decides to trust him, confessing to the theft and returning the scarab. As Ashe leaves, Lord Emsworth arrives to announce that Aline has eloped on the train to London with George Emerson, who has been recalled to Hong Kong. Freddie is more relieved than hurt at this revelation.

When Ashe returns the scarab, Mr Peters offers to take Ashe back to America as his personal trainer in reward for the improvement in his health. Ashe hesitates long enough to ask Joan to marry him, and she admits she has been grieving at what seems to be the end of their partnership; as a result, a scullery maid looking out of the window has her dull life enriched as she sees them kissing.

Background
As a young boy in Victorian England, Wodehouse was taken on social calls with his aunts to great houses and often had tea in the Servants' Hall, where he learned about the servants' hierarchy and etiquette. These observations were incorporated into Something Fresh.
Before P. G. Wodehouse wrote the novel, his uncle Walter Meredith Deane and later his eldest brother Philip Peveril had served as second-in-command of the Hong Kong police force, like George Emerson in the novel.

Publication history

Wodehouse converted pounds sterling into dollars in the story for the American readers of The Saturday Evening Post when it was first serialised between 26 June and 14 August 1915. The title "Something New" was used in America instead of "Something Fresh" because "fresh" has a meaning synonymous with "impertinent" in America. For it Wodehouse received a fee of $3,500, more than for any previous work. The serial in The Saturday Evening Post included illustrations by F. R. Gruger.

The book is described, in a new preface added in 1969, as the start of "the Blandings Castle Saga". Into this scenario many new elements were to be introduced over the years, but there was also one notable omission. This was Lord Emsworth's sister Lady Ann Warblington, who is mentioned in Something Fresh as subject to headaches and largely confined to her room, never to reappear in a Blandings novel again.

Something Fresh was published in the 1979 collection of Blandings novels Life at Blandings, along with Summer Lightning and Heavy Weather.

Adaptations
The story was adapted in 2009 by Archie Scottney as a radio drama for BBC Radio 4's Classic Serial series. The cast included Ian Ogilvy as the narrator (credited as playing the role of "Wodehouse"), Ioan Gruffudd as Ashe Marson, Helen McCrory as Joan Valentine, Martin Jarvis as Lord Emsworth, Hector Elizondo as J. Preston Peters, Andrea Bowen as Aline Peters, and James Frain as George Emerson.

See also

 Complete list of the Blandings books

References
Notes

Sources
 Easdale, Roderick, The Novel Life of PG Wodehouse, Acorn Books 2014, "America", p. 91ff

External links

 . An analysis of the book, with annotated text, synopsis, lists of characters and locations, and selected quotes

Novels by P. G. Wodehouse
1915 British novels
British comedy novels
Works originally published in The Saturday Evening Post
Methuen Publishing books
D. Appleton & Company books

Something Fresh


Katarina Peović  (Zagreb, 16. studenoga 1974.), hrvatska je političarka i istraživačica medija i kulture. Od ožujka do rujna 2018. godine bila je zastupnica stranke Radničke fronte u Gradskoj skupštini Grada Zagreba. 21. siječnja 2019. Katarina Peović objavila je kandidaturu za Hrvatske predsjedničke izbore 2019. kao kandidatkinja stranke Radnička fronta, te je u sučeljavanjima kandidata potakla medijsku vidljivost. Na parlamentarnim izborima 2020. godine izabrana je za zastupnicu u Hrvatskom saboru i bila je članica kluba Zeleno-lijeve koalicije. Na lokalnim izborima 2021. godine kandidirala se za gradonačelnicu Rijeke.

Životopis
Rođena je u Zagrebu 16. studenoga 1974. godine. Komparativnu književnost i hrvatski jezik i književnost diplomirala je na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu (1993. – 1999.). Na istome je fakultetu magistrirala s temom Književnost i tehnologija novih medija (2004) i doktorirala s temom Novomedijska pismenost: Perspektive digitalne i mrežne tekstualnosti i društvenosti (2010). Od 2004. do 2005. radila je kao asistentica na Institutu za društvena istraživanja u Zagrebu. Od 2005. radi na Odsjeku za kulturalne studije Filozofskog fakulteta u Rijeci (2005. asistentica, 2012. docentica, 2019. izvanredna profesorica), gdje predaje kolegije iz područja i kulturalne teorije. Bila je urednica književno-teorijskog časopisa Libra Libera (1999. – 2017.), članica uredništva Zareza (2004. – 09.) i urednica radijske kulturno-medijske emisije Elektrosfera Trećeg programa HR-a (2008. – 09.). Priredila je zbornik tekstova američkog teoretičara Hakima Beya Privremene autonomne zone i drugi tekstovi (2003). Autorica je desetak znanstvenih radova i više priloga u zbornicima.

Politička djelatnost
Siječnjom 2018. godine, nakon isteka rotacijskog mandata Mate Kapovića, ulazi u Gradsku skupštinu Grada Zagreba kao rotacijska zastupnica Radničke fronte.

Dana 7. svibnja 2018. je uspješno u Gradskoj skupštini Grada Zagreba izglasovan prijedlog Radničke fronte (pa time i Lijevog bloka) da Grad radnicima tvrtki Kamensko i Dioki pomogne tako što će otkupiti dio radničkih potraživanja u onom iznosu u kojem su te tvrtke u stečaju Gradu platile komunalnu naknadu. Naknadno je gradonačelnik Milan Bandić, strogo usprotivljen prijedlogu otkupa radničkih potraživanja, sazvao izvanrednu sjednicu kako bi se opovrgnuo prijedlog.

Dana 13. rujna 2018., istekom rotacijskog mandata, zamjenjuje ju na poziciji zastupnica Miljenka Ćurković.

Dana 21. siječnja 2019. Radnička fronta, na konferenciji za medije i javnost, najavljuje kandidaturu svoje članice, Katarine Peović, za predsjedničke izbore u Hrvatskoj.
Također predstavljaju program za demokratski socijalizam 21. stoljeća. Peović je u većini medijski sučeljavanja uživo dominirala u duelima s drugim kandidatima, te se smatrala jednim od ključnih čindbenika relativno kasnog gubitka glasova u centru Miroslava Škore.

Djela

 Mediji i kultura : ideologija medija nakon decentralizacije. Zagreb 2012., online izdanje 2014.
 Marx u digitalnom dobu : dijalektički materijalizam na vratima tehnologije. Zagreb 2016.

Izvori

Životopisi, Zagreb
Hrvatski političari od 1989.

Katarina Peović


Hrabarenka ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Maksim Hrabarenka (* 1998), weißrussischer Sprinter
 Raman Hrabarenka (* 1992), weißrussischer Eishockeyspieler

Hrabarenka


est un genre éteint de dinosaures Hadrosauroidea basaux herbivores connu de la  formation de Bostobe du Crétacé supérieur (stade santonien à campanien) du centre du Kazakhstan. Il contient une seule espèce, . Il fut un temps possible que Batyrosaurus représente le même taxon que le douteux Arstanosaurus car les deux ont été trouvés dans la même formation. Mais les études postérieures les ont séparés bel et bien, confirmant ainsi la validité du premier, alors que le second reste un nomen dubium (notamment par P. R. Bell et K. S. Brink ,2013).

Description et dénomination

L'espèce type Batyrosaurus rozhdestvenskyi a été nommée et décrite en 2012 par Pascal Godefroit, François Escuillié, Yuri Bolotsky et Pascaline Lauters. Le nom générique est dérivé des Batyr, les héros guerriers kazakhs. Le nom spécifique honore .

L'holotype, AEHM 4/1, a été trouvé près d'Akkurgan dans une couche de la formation de Bostobinskaya datant du santonien à sampanien, âgée d'environ quatre-vingt-quatre Ma. Il se compose d'un squelette partiel, comprenant un crâne partiel, les mâchoires inférieures, soixante dents individuelles, le sternum, l'humérus droit, le radius gauche, les métacarpiens et les phalanges. Les auteurs ont considéré Arstanosaurus akkurganensis comme un nomen dubium et n'ont pas fait référence à son matériel.

Batyrosaurus est un Hadrosauroidea de taille moyenne d'environ cinq à six mètres de long. Plusieurs autapomorphies, traits dérivés uniques, ont été établis. Les os pariétaux à leur arrière forment des rebords osseux qui recouvrent le supra-occipital mais ne touchent pas les côtés des para-occipitaux et sont eux-mêmes recouverts par les squamosals. Les os frontaux sont allongés, environ 70 % plus longs que larges. La face externe de la branche avant du jugal présente un creux horizontal profond sous la suture avec le lacrymal. La surface articulaire du surangulaire est percée d'un foramen (trou).

Parmi les matériaux trouvés, il y avait une griffe de pouce d'environ quatre centimètres de long. Un moulage a été fait du crâne, montrant de fines empreintes artérielles sur sa surface interne, indiquant qu'il était presque complètement rempli de tissu cérébral.

Classification
Une analyse cladistique a montré que Batyrosaurus avait une position basale dans les Hadrosauroidea, au-dessus d'Altirhinus mais en dessous de Probactrosaurus dans l'arbre évolutif. Comme Tethyshadros dans leur analyse était un Hadrosauridae, les auteurs considéraient Batyrosaurus comme le plus jeune Hadrosauroidea non Hadrosauridae connu. Cela a été considéré comme une indication que non seulement les hadrosauroidés, mais aussi les hadrosauridés, se sont développés à l'origine en Asie et n'ont migré que plus tard en Amérique du Nord.

Liens externes

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Ornithischia
Genre de dinosaures non aviens (nom scientifique)
Taxon fossile décrit en 2012
Paléontologie au Kazakhstan

Batyrosaurus


සිද්ධිධාත්‍රී යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ දුර්ගා දෙවඟනගේ නවවන ස්වරූපයයි. ඇගේ නමෙහි අර්ථය පහත පරිදි වේ: සිද්ධි යනු අධිස්වාභාවික ශක්තිය හෝ ධ්‍යාන ශක්තියයි. ධාත්‍රී යනු ප්‍රදානය කරන්නිය යන්නයි. නවරාත්‍රී උත්සවයේ (නවදුර්ගාවන්ගේ රාත්‍රී නවය) නවවන දිනයේ ඇයව වන්දනාමාන කරනු ලැබේ.

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend () by Anna Dhallapiccola

හින්දු දෙවඟනෝ

සිද්ධිධාත්‍රී


Kristýna Plíšková (født 21. marts 1992 i Louny, Tjekkoslovakiet) er en professionel kvindelig tennisspiller fra Tjekkiet.

Eksterne henvisninger

Tennisspillere fra Tjekkiet

Kristýna Plíšková


(29477) Zdíkšíma, denumire internațională (29477) Zdiksima, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
29477 Zdíkšíma este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul Kleť de Jana Tichá și Miloš Tichý. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,52 ua, o excentricitate de 0,09 și o înclinație de 10,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 29001-30000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1997
Centura de asteroizi

29477 Zdíkšíma