O vendaval em Tubarão em 2016 ocorreu no dia 16 de outubro, quando a cidade de Tubarão presenciou uma de suas maiores catástrofes. Ventos acima de 220km/h atingiram a cidade catarinense, causando destruição no local.

Estragos
Postes foram derrubados pelo vendaval, casas destelharam e muros caíram. Galpões e prédios foram destruídos. Houve quebras de eletricidade e água.

Uma menina de 8 anos morreu após árvores atingirem o carro em que ela estava, no bairro São João. O pai da criança foi hospitalizado em estado de choque. Ao todo, 21 pessoas ficaram feridas e oito desabrigadas. Foram mil casas e trinta instalações públicas atingidas.

Calamidade pública
O município de Tubarão decretou calamidade pública na tarde do dia 21 de outubro de 2016. O documento foi assinado pelo prefeito. Conforme o município, o estado de calamidade foi decretado pois os danos causados com o vendaval "comprovadamente excedem a capacidade do poder público local de responder à crise instalada e de gerenciá-la", informou a prefeitura.

Ver também
Tornado em Xanxerê (2015)

Tubarão (Santa Catarina)
Eventos meteorológicos notáveis
Desastres naturais em 2016
Desastres naturais em Santa Catarina
2016 em Santa Catarina
Tempestades de vento

Vendaval em Tubarão em 2016


Micropogonias, es un género de peces de la familia Sciaenidae que agrupa 9 especies, las que comúnmente son llamadas roncadores, corvinas, huaquiles, o corvinillas.

Distribución

Sus especies se distribuyen en los océanos Atlántico y Pacífico, tanto en el Hemisferio Norte como en el Sur.

Hábitat

Habitan generalmente en aguas costeras siendo bentopelágicos o demersales. Algunas especies son abundantes en aguas estuariales de grandes ríos, incluso en tramos con muy poca o nula salinidad.

Alimentación

Se alimentan principalmente de gusanos marinos, crustáceos, moluscos, y de otros peces.

Utilidad económica

Algunas de sus especies son uno de los principales recursos marinos costeros en el Uruguay y el Río de la Plata.

Lista de especies

 Micropogonias altipinnis (Günther, 1864).
 Micropogonias altipinus (Günther, 1864).
 Micropogonias ectenes (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882).
 Micropogonias fasciatus (de Buen, 1961).
 Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823).
 Micropogonias manni (Moreno, 1970).
 Micropogonias megalops (Gilbert, 1890).
 Micropogonias opercularis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825).
 Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766).

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 FishBase

Micropogonias


François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande   (; born 12 August 1954) is a French politician who served as President of France from 2012 to 2017. Prior to his presidency, he was First Secretary of the Socialist Party (PS) from 1997 to 2008, Mayor of Tulle from 2001 to 2008, as well as President of the General Council of Corrèze from 2008 to 2012. Hollande also held the 1st constituency of Corrèze seat in the National Assembly twice, from 1988 to 1993 and again from 1997 until 2012.

Born in Rouen and raised in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hollande began his political career as a special advisor to newly elected President François Mitterrand, before serving as a staffer for Max Gallo, the government's spokesman. He became a member of the National Assembly in 1988 and was elected First Secretary of the PS in 1997. Following the 2004 regional elections won by the PS, Hollande was cited as a potential presidential candidate, but he resigned as First Secretary and was immediately elected to replace Jean-Pierre Dupont as President of the General Council of Corrèze in 2008. In 2011, Hollande announced that he would be a candidate in the primary election to select the PS presidential nominee; he won the nomination against Martine Aubry, before he was elected to the presidency (becoming also, ex officio, Co-Prince of Andorra) on 6 May 2012 in the second round with 51.6% of the vote, defeating incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy.

During his tenure, Hollande legalized same-sex marriage by passing Bill no. 344, reformed labour laws and credit training programmes, signed a law restricting the cumul des mandats, withdrew French forces in Afghanistan, in addition to concluding an EU directive on the protection of animals in laboratory research through a Franco-German contract. Hollande led the country through the January and November 2015 Paris attacks, as well as the 2016 Nice attack. He was a leading proponent of EU mandatory migrant quotas and NATO's 2011 military intervention in Libya. He also sent troops to Mali and the Central African Republic with the approval of the UN Security Council in order to stabilise those countries, two operations however largely seen as failures. He drew controversy among his left-wing electoral base for supporting the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen.

Paris hosted the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, and Hollande's efforts to attract the 2024 Summer Olympics to the city were successful. Notwithstanding this, with domestic troubles – in particular due to Islamic terrorism – over the course of his tenure, and unemployment rising to 10%, he faced spikes and downturns in approval rates, ultimately making him the most unpopular head of state under the Fifth Republic. On 1 December 2016, he announced he would not seek reelection in the 2017 presidential election, for which polls suggested his defeat in the first round.

Early life and education
Hollande was born on 12 August 1954 in Rouen. His mother, Nicole Frédérique Marguerite Tribert (1927–2009), was a social worker, and his father, Georges Gustave Hollande (1922–2020), was a retired ear, nose, and throat doctor, who "ran for local election on a far right ticket in 1959". The name "Hollande" meant "one originally from Holland" – it is mostly found in Hollande's ancestral land, Hauts-de-France, and it is speculated to be Dutch in origin. The earliest known member of the Hollande family lived  near Plouvain, working as a miller.

When Hollande was thirteen, the family moved to Neuilly-sur-Seine, a highly exclusive suburb of Paris. He attended Saint-Jean-Baptiste-de-la-Salle boarding school, a private Catholic school in Rouen, the Lycée Pasteur, in Neuilly-sur-Seine, receiving his baccalaureate in 1972 then graduated with a bachelor's degree in Law from Panthéon-Assas University. Hollande studied at HEC Paris, graduated in 1975, and then attended the Institut d'études politiques de Paris and the École nationale d'administration (ENA). He completed his military service in the French Army in 1977. He graduated from the ENA in 1980, and chose to enter the prestigious Cour des comptes.

Hollande lived in the United States in the summer of 1974 while he was a university student. Immediately after graduation, he was employed as a councillor in the Court of Audit.

Early political career
Five years after volunteering as a student to work for François Mitterrand's ultimately unsuccessful campaign in the 1974 presidential election, Hollande joined the Socialist Party. He was quickly spotted by Jacques Attali, a senior adviser to Mitterrand, who arranged for Hollande to run in legislative election of 1981 in Corrèze against future President Jacques Chirac, who was then the leader of the Rally for the Republic, a Neo-Gaullist party. Hollande lost to Chirac in the first round.

He went on to become a special advisor to newly elected President Mitterrand, before serving as a staffer for Max Gallo, the government's spokesman. After becoming a municipal councillor for Ussel in 1983, he contested Corrèze for a second time in 1988, this time being elected to the National Assembly. Hollande lost his bid for re-election to the Assembly in the so-called "blue wave" of the 1993 election, described as such due to the number of seats gained by the Right at the expense of the Socialist Party.

First Secretary of the Socialist Party (1997–2008)

As the end of Mitterrand's term in office approached, the Socialist Party was torn by a struggle of internal factions, each seeking to influence the direction of the party. Hollande pleaded for reconciliation and for the party to unite behind Jacques Delors, the President of the European Commission, but Delors renounced his ambitions to run for the French presidency in 1995. Former party leader Lionel Jospin resumed his position, and selected Hollande to become the official party spokesman. Hollande went on to contest Corrèze once again in 1997, successfully returning to the National Assembly.

That same year, Jospin became the Prime Minister of France, and Hollande won the election for his successor as First Secretary of the party, a position he would hold for eleven years. Because of the very strong position of the Socialist Party within the French government during this period, Hollande's position led some to refer to him the "Vice Prime Minister". Hollande would go on to be elected mayor of Tulle in 2001, an office he would hold for the next seven years.

The immediate resignation of Jospin from politics following his shock defeat by far-right candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen in the first round of the 2002 presidential election forced Hollande to become the public face of the party for the 2002 legislative election. Although he managed to limit defeats and was re-elected in his own constituency, the Socialists lost nationally. In order to prepare for the 2003 party congress in Dijon, he obtained the support of many notable personalities of the party and was re-elected first secretary against opposition from left-wing factions.

After the triumph of the Left in the 2004 regional elections, Hollande was cited as a potential presidential candidate, but the Socialists were divided on the European Constitution, and Hollande's support for the ill-fated "Yes" position in the French referendum on the European constitution caused friction within the party. Although Hollande was re-elected as first secretary at the Le Mans Congress in 2005, his authority over the party began to decline. Eventually his domestic partner, Ségolène Royal, was chosen to represent the party in the 2007 presidential election, where she would lose to Nicolas Sarkozy.

Hollande was widely blamed for the poor performances of the Socialist Party in the 2007 elections, and he announced that he would not seek another term as First Secretary. Hollande publicly declared his support for Bertrand Delanoë, the mayor of Paris, but it was Martine Aubry who would go on to win the race to succeed him in 2008. Hollande was next elected to replace Jean-Pierre Dupont as the president of the General Council of Corrèze in April 2008, and won re-election in 2011.

2012 presidential campaign

Hollande announced in early 2011 that he would be a candidate in the upcoming primary election to select the Socialist and Radical Left Party presidential nominee. The primary marked the first time that both parties had held an open primary to select a joint nominee at the same time. He initially trailed the front-runner, former finance minister and International Monetary Fund managing director Dominique Strauss-Kahn. Following Strauss-Kahn's arrest on suspicion of sexual assault in New York City in May 2011, Hollande began to lead the opinion polls, and his position as front-runner was established just as Strauss-Kahn declared that he would no longer seek the nomination. After a series of televised debates with other candidates throughout September, Hollande topped the ballot in the first round held on 9 October with 39% of the vote. He did not, however, gain the 50% required to avoid a run-off election, and was obliged to enter a second ballot against Martine Aubry, who had come in second with 30% of the vote.

The second ballot took place on 16 October 2011. Hollande won with 56% of the vote to Aubry's 43% and thus became the official Socialist and Radical Left Party candidate for the 2012 presidential election. All his main opponents in the primary – Aubry, Ségolène Royal, Arnaud Montebourg, and Manuel Valls – pledged their support to him for the general election.

Hollande's presidential campaign was managed by Pierre Moscovici and Stéphane Le Foll, a member of Parliament and Member of the European Parliament respectively. Hollande launched his campaign officially with a rally and major speech at Le Bourget on 22 January 2012 in front of 25,000 people. The main themes of his speech were equality and the regulation of finance, both of which he promised to make a key part of his campaign.

On 26 January, he outlined a full list of policies in a manifesto containing 60 propositions, including the separation of retail activities from riskier investment-banking businesses; raising taxes on big corporations, banks and the wealthy; creating 60,000 teaching jobs; bringing the official retirement age back down to 60 from 62; creating subsidised jobs in areas of high unemployment for the young; promoting more industry in France by creating a public investment bank; granting marriage and adoption rights to same-sex couples; and pulling French troops out of Afghanistan in 2012. On 9 February, he detailed his policies specifically relating to education in a major speech in Orléans.

Incumbent President Nicolas Sarkozy announced on 15 February that he would run for a second and final term, strongly criticising the Socialist proposals and claiming that Hollande would bring about "economic disaster within two days of taking office". Opinion polls showed a tight race between the two men in the first round of voting, with most polls showing Hollande comfortably ahead of Sarkozy in a hypothetical second round. The first round of the presidential election was held on 22 April. François Hollande came in first place with 28.63% of the vote, and faced Nicolas Sarkozy in a run-off. In the second round of voting on 6 May 2012, Hollande was elected with 51.6% of the vote.

President of France

Hollande was inaugurated on 15 May 2012, and shortly afterwards appointed Jean-Marc Ayrault to be his Prime Minister. He was the first Socialist Party president since François Mitterrand left office in 1995. The President of the French Republic is one of the two joint heads of state of the Principality of Andorra. Hollande hosted a visit from Antoni Martí, head of the government, and Vicenç Mateu Zamora, leader of the parliament.

He also appointed Benoît Puga to be the military's chief of staff, Pierre-René Lemas as his general secretary and Pierre Besnard as his Head of Cabinet. Hollande's full Council of Ministers became the first ever in France to show gender parity, with 17 men and 17 women, and each member was required to sign a new "code of ethics" that placed significant restrictions on their conduct and compensation, above that of existing law. The first measure enacted by the new government was to lower the salaries of the President, the Prime Minister, and other members of the government by 30%.

Budget
Hollande's economic policies are wide-ranging, including supporting the creation of a European credit rating agency, the separation of lending and investment in banks, reducing the share of electricity generated by nuclear power in France from 75 to 50% in favour of renewable energy sources, merging income tax and the General Social Contribution (CSG), creating an additional 45% for additional income of 150,000 euros, capping tax loopholes at a maximum of €10,000 per year, and questioning the relief solidarity tax on wealth (ISF, Impôt de Solidarité sur la Fortune) measure that should bring €29 billion in additional revenue. Hollande also signalled his intent to implement a 75% income tax rate on revenue earned above 1,000,000 euros per year, to generate the provision of development funds for deprived suburbs, and to return to a deficit of zero per cent of GDP by 2017. The tax plan proved controversial, with courts ruling it unconstitutional in 2012, only to then take the opposite position on a redrafted version in 2013.

Hollande had also announced several reforms to education, pledging to recruit 60,000 new teachers, to create a study allowance and means-tested training, and to set up a mutually beneficial contract that would allow a generation of experienced employees and craftsmen to be the guardians and teachers of younger newly hired employees, thereby creating a total of 150,000 subsidized jobs. This was complemented by the promise of aid to SMEs, with the creation of a public bank investment-oriented SME's, and a reduction of the corporate tax rate to 30% for medium corporations and 15% for small.

Hollande's government has announced plans to construct 500,000 public homes per year, including 150,000 social houses, funded by a doubling of the ceiling of the Livret A, the region making available its local government land within five years. In accordance with long-standing Socialist Party policy, Hollande has announced that the retirement age will revert to 60, for those who have contributed for more than 41 years.

Marriage and adoption for same-sex couples

Hollande has also announced his personal support for same-sex marriage and adoption for LGBT couples, and outlined plans to pursue the issue in early 2013. In July 2012, Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault announced that "In the first half of 2013, the right to marriage and adoption will be open to all couples, without discrimination", confirming this election promise by Hollande.
The bill to legalize same-sex marriage, known as Bill no. 344, was introduced to the National Assembly of France on 7 November 2012. On 12 February 2013, the National Assembly approved the bill in a 329–229 vote. The Right-wing opposed the bill. The Senate approved the full bill with a 171–165 majority on 12 April with minor amendments. On 23 April, the National Assembly approved the amended bill, in a 331–225 vote, and following approval of the law by the Constitutional Council of France, it was signed into law by President Hollande on 18 May 2013, with the first same-sex weddings under the law taking place eleven days later.

Labour reform

As President, Hollande pursued labour reform to make France more competitive internationally. Legislation for this, introduced in late 2012, after much debate passed the French lower and upper house in May 2013. The bill included measures such as making it easier for workers to change jobs and for companies to fire employees. One of the main measures of the bill allowed companies to temporarily cut workers' salaries or hours during times of economic difficulty. This measure took its inspiration from Germany, where furloughs have been credited with allowing companies to weather difficult times without resorting to massive layoffs. Layoffs in France are often challenged in courts and the cases can take years to resolve. Many companies cite the threat of lengthy court action – even more than any financial cost – as the most difficult part of doing business in France. The law shortens the time that employees have to contest a layoff and also lays out a scheme for severance pay. The government hopes this will help employees and companies reach agreement faster in contentious layoffs.

Another key measure introduced was credits for training that follow employees throughout their career, regardless of where they work, and the right to take a leave of absence to work at another company. The law will also require all companies to offer and partially pay for supplemental health insurance. Lastly, the law also reforms unemployment insurance, so that someone out of work doesn't risk foregoing significant benefits when taking a job that might pay less than previous work or end up only being temporary. Under the new law, workers will be able to essentially put benefits on hold when they take temporary work, instead of seeing their benefits recalculated each time.

Pension reform
As President, Hollande pursued reform to the pension system in France. The process proved to be very contentious, with members of Parliament, Labor Unions, and general public all opposed. Mass protests and demonstrations occurred throughout Paris. Despite the opposition, the French Parliament did pass a reform in December 2013 aimed at plugging a pension deficit expected to reach 20.7 billion euros ($28.4 billion) by 2020 if nothing were to be done. Rather than raising the mandatory retirement age, as many economists had advised, Hollande pursued increases in contributions, leaving the retirement age untouched. The reform had a rough ride in parliament, being rejected twice by the Senate, where Hollande's Socialist Party has a slim majority, before it won sufficient backing in a final vote before the lower house of parliament. French private sector workers will see the size and duration of their pension contributions increase only modestly under the reform while their retirement benefits are largely untouched.

Foreign affairs

As President, Hollande promised an early withdrawal of French combat troops present in Afghanistan in 2012. He also pledged to conclude a new contract of Franco-German partnership, advocating the adoption of a Directive on the protection of public services. Hollande has proposed "an acceleration of the establishment of a Franco-German civic service, the creation of a Franco-German research office, the creation of a Franco-German industrial fund to finance common competitiveness clusters, and the establishment of a common military headquarters". As well as this, Hollande has expressed a wish to "combine the positions of the presidents of the European Commission and of the European Council (currently held by José Manuel Barroso and Herman Van Rompuy respectively) into a single office [...] and that it should be directly chosen" by the members of the European Parliament.

On 11 January 2013, Hollande authorised the execution of Operation Serval, which aimed to curtail the activities of Islamist extremists in the north of Mali. The intervention was popularly supported in Mali, as Hollande promised that his government would do all it could to "rebuild Mali". During his one-day visit to Bamako, Mali's capital, on 2 February 2013, he said that it was "the most important day in [his] political life". In 2014, Hollande took some of these troops out of Mali and spread them over the rest of the Sahel under Operation Barkhane, in an effort to curb jihadist militants.
On 27 February 2014, Hollande was a special guest of honor in Abuja, received by Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in celebration of Nigeria's amalgamation in 1914, a 100-year anniversary. In July 2014, Hollande expressed support for Israel's right to defend itself during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, and told Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, "France strongly condemns these aggressions [by Hamas]."

In September 2015, Hollande warned former Eastern Bloc countries against rejecting the EU mandatory migrant quotas, saying: "Those who don't share our values, those who don't even want to respect those principles, need to start asking themselves questions about their place in the European Union".

Hollande supported the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, re-supplying the Saudi military. France authorised $18 billion (€16 billion) in arms sales to Saudi Arabia in 2015.

In 2014, French bank BNP Paribas agreed to pay an $8.9 billion fine, the largest ever for violating U.S. sanctions against Iran at that time. In October 2016, Hollande said: "When the (European) Commission goes after Google or digital giants which do not pay the taxes they should in Europe, America takes offence. And yet, they quite shamelessly demand 8 billion from BNP or 5 billion from Deutsche Bank."

Approval ratings
An IFOP poll released in April 2014 showed that Hollande's approval rating had dropped five points since the previous month of March to 18%, dipping below his earlier low of 20% in February during the same year. In November 2014, his approval rating reached a new low of 12%, according to a YouGov poll. Following the Charlie Hebdo shooting in January 2015, however, approval for Hollande increased dramatically, reaching 40% according to an IFOP poll two weeks after the attack, though an Ipsos-Le Point survey in early February showed his rating declining back to 30%.

Hollande is the most unpopular president of the French Fifth Republic. In September 2014, his approval rating was down to 13% according to an IFOP/JDD survey, making him the first French leader in modern times to ever break the 20% threshold. One year before the end of his mandate, in April 2016, his approval rating was at 14%, and surveys predicted that if he were to run for a second term, he would be defeated in the first round of the 2017 presidential elections. By November 2016, Hollande's approval rating was just 4%.

Personal life

For twenty nine years, his partner was fellow Socialist politician Ségolène Royal, with whom he has four children: Thomas (1982), Clémence (1984), Julien (1987) and Flora (1992). In June 2007, just a month after Royal's defeat in the French presidential election of 2007, the couple announced that they were separating.

A few months after his split from Ségolène Royal was announced, a French website published details of a relationship between Hollande and French journalist Valérie Trierweiler. In November 2007, Trierweiler confirmed and openly discussed her relationship with Hollande in an interview with the French weekly Télé 7 Jours. She remained a reporter for the magazine Paris Match, but ceased work on political stories. Trierweiler moved into the Élysée Palace with Hollande when he became president and started to accompany him on official travel.

On 25 January 2014, Hollande officially announced his separation from Valérie Trierweiler after the tabloid magazine Closer revealed his affair with actress Julie Gayet. In September 2014, Trierweiler published a book about her time with Hollande titled Merci pour ce moment (Thank You for This Moment). The memoir claimed the president presented himself as disliking the rich, but in reality disliked the poor. The claim brought an angry reaction and rejection from Hollande, who said he had spent his life dedicated to the under-privileged.

On 4 June 2022, Hollande married actress Julie Gayet in Tulle, France.

Hollande was raised Catholic, but became an agnostic later in life. He now considers himself to be an atheist, but still professes respect for all religious practices.

Honours and decorations

National honours

Foreign honours

Key to the City
 Manila: Freedom of the City of Manila (26 February 2015).

Works
Hollande has had a number of books and academic works published, including:
 L'Heure des choix. Pour une économie politique (The hour of choices. For a political economy), with Pierre Moscovici, 1991.
 L'Idée socialiste aujourd'hui (The Socialist Idea Today), Omnibus, 2001.
 Devoirs de vérité (Duties of truth), interviews with Edwy Plenel, éd. Stock, 2007.
 Droit d'inventaires (Rights of inventory), interviews with Pierre Favier, Le Seuil, 2009.
 Le rêve français (The French Dream), Privat, August 2011.
 Un destin pour la France (A Destiny for France), Fayard, January 2012.
 Changer de destin (Changing destiny), Robert Laffont, February 2012.
 Les leçons du pouvoir (The lessons of power), Stock, 2018.
 Bouleversements: Pour comprendre la nouvelle donne mondiale, September, 2022.
 Affronter (clash), stock, October 2021.

References

Further reading
 Binet, Laurent. Rien ne se passe comme prévu. Paris: Grasset (2012). About Hollande's presidential campaign.
Chafer, Tony. "Hollande and Africa Policy". Modern & Contemporary France (2014) 22#4 pp: 513–531.
 Clift, Ben, and Raymond Kuhn. "The Hollande Presidency, 2012–14". Modern & Contemporary France (2014) 22#4 pp: 425–434; Online free
 Gaffney, John. France in the Hollande presidency: The unhappy republic (Springer, 2015).
 Goodliffe, Gabriel, and Riccardo Brizzi. France after 2012 (2015).
 Kuhn, Raymond. "Mister unpopular: François Hollande and the exercise of presidential leadership, 2012–14". Modern & Contemporary France 22.4 (2014): 435-457. online
 Kuhn, Raymond. "The mediatization of presidential leadership in France: The contrasting cases of Nicolas Sarkozy and François Hollande". French Politics 15.1 (2017): 57-74.
 Merle, Patrick, and Dennis Patterson. "The French parliamentary and presidential elections of 2012". Electoral Studies 34 (2014): 303–309.
 Wall, Irwin. France Votes: The Election of François Hollande (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.)
 Weinstein, Kenneth R. "Hollande the hawk?". World Affairs 177.1 (2014): 87–96.

In French

External links

 François Hollande, 11 années à la tête du Parti socialiste, Politique.net
 Statement of President Hollande to the Sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly, 25 September 2012 (dubbed in English; official United Nations video)
 Collected Articles at the Guardian

1954 births
Candidates in the 2012 French presidential election
Presidents of France
21st-century Princes of Andorra
Chairmen of the Socialist Party (France)
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
École nationale d'administration alumni
French atheists
French socialists
Former Roman Catholics
Government of Andorra
HEC Paris alumni
Living people
Lycée Pasteur (Neuilly-sur-Seine) alumni
Mayors of places in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Politicians from Rouen
People of the Central African Republic Civil War
People of the Russo-Ukrainian War
Sciences Po alumni
Socialist Party (France) politicians

Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Grand Cross of the Ordre national du Mérite
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Recipients of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin
Recipients of the Order of the Phoenix (Greece)
First Class of the Order of the Star of Romania
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
Members of Parliament for Corrèze

François Hollande


Storm og stille er en dansk stumfilm fra 1923 instrueret af Axel Petersen og Arnold Poulsen.

Handling
Robert Storm-Petersen og Chr. Arhoff har en Storm-og Stille vrølvedialog mellem to flyttemænd.

Medvirkende

 Robert Storm Petersen
 Christian Arhoff

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1923

Storm og stille


Jake Walman (né le  à Toronto, en Ontario, au Canada) est un joueur professionnel canadien de hockey sur glace. Il évolue à la position de défenseur.

Biographie

En club

Statistiques

Pour les significations des abréviations, voir statistiques du hockey sur glace.

En club

| 2013-2014 || Canadiens Jr. de Toronto || LHJO ||43 ||7 ||26 ||33 ||87 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2014-2015 || Providence College || HE ||41 ||1 ||15 ||16 ||44 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2015-2016 || Providence College || HE ||27 ||13 ||15 ||28 ||20 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2016-2017 || Providence College || HE ||39 ||7 ||18 ||25 ||42 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2016-2017 || Wolves de Chicago || LAH ||7 ||2 ||1 ||3 ||2 ||8 ||2 ||1 ||3 ||2
|-
| 2017-2018 || Wolves de Chicago || LAH ||40 ||2 ||11 ||13 ||14 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2017-2018 || Devils de Binghamton || LAH ||19 ||2 ||5 ||7 ||10 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2018-2019 || Rampage de San Antonio || LAH ||66 ||3 ||10 ||13 ||48 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2019-2020 || Rampage de San Antonio || LAH ||57 ||8 ||19 ||27 ||32 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2019-2020 || Blues de Saint-Louis || LNH ||1 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2020-2021 || Blues de Saint-Louis || LNH ||24 ||1 ||1 ||2 ||8 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0
|-
| 2021-2022 || Blues de Saint-Louis || LNH || 32 || 3 || 3 || 6 || 6 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| 2021-2022 || Red Wings de Détroit || LNH || 19 || 0 || 4 || 4 || 4 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| 2022-2023 || Red Wings de Détroit || LNH || 63 || 9 || 9 || 18 || 45 || - || - || - || - || -

| 139 || 13 || 17 || 30 || 63 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0

Notes et références

Naissance en février 1996
Naissance à Toronto
Joueur canadien de hockey sur glace
Attaquant de hockey sur glace
Choix de repêchage des Blues de Saint-Louis
Joueur de hockey sur glace des Friars de Providence
Joueur des Wolves de Chicago (LAH)
Joueur des Devils de Binghamton
Joueur du Rampage de San Antonio
Joueur des Blues de Saint-Louis
Joueur des Red Wings de Détroit

Jake Walman


Knute Rockne, All American é um filme biográfico estadunidense de 1940 escrito por Robert Buckner e dirigido por Lloyd Bacon. É estrelado por Pat O'Brien como Knute Rockne e Ronald Reagan como o jogador George Gipp.

Em 1997, o filme foi considerado "culturalmente, historicamente ou esteticamente significativo" pela Biblioteca do Congresso dos Estados Unidos e selecionado para preservação no National Film Registry.

Elenco
 Pat O'Brien ... Knute Rockne
 Johnny Sheffield ... Knute, criança
 Gale Page ... Bonnie Skiles Rockne
 Ronald Reagan ... George Gipp
 Donald Crisp ... Padre John Cavanaugh
 Albert Bassermann ... Padre Julius Nieuwland
 John Litel ... presidente do comitê
Henry O'Neill ... Doutor
Owen Davis Jr. ... Gus Dorais
John Qualen ... Lars Knutson Rockne
Dorothy Tree ... Martha Rockne

Recepção
A Variety chamou o filme de "uma das melhores cinebiografias já produzidas ... Pat O'Brien oferece uma excelente caracterização do imortal Rockne, captando o espírito do papel com uma compreensão das qualidades humanas do homem".

Filmes de esporte da década de 1940
Filmes de drama biográfico dos Estados Unidos
Filmes sobre futebol americano
Cinebiografias de desportistas
Cinebiografias de educadores
Filmes em preto e branco
Filmes dirigidos por Lloyd Bacon
Filmes de drama biográfico da década de 1940
Filmes dirigidos por William K. Howard
Filmes com trilha sonora de Heinz Roemheld
Filmes preservados no National Film Registry

Knute Rockne, All American


يانوش أراني (János Arany) هو أديب وصحفي وشاعر ومترجم مجري ولد في 2 مارس/آذار 1817م وتوفي في 22 أكتوبر/تشرين الأول 1882م. ولد يانوش في سالونتا في المجر (هنغاريا) والتي تقع حالياً في رومانيا. من أشهر أعماله ثلاثية تولدي (Toldi) وهي من أهم الملاحم الأدبية. إضافة إلى حوالي 40 قصة تم ترجمتها إلى أكثر من 50 لغة حول العالم.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أعضاء الأكاديمية الهنغارية للعلوم
خريجو جامعة دبرتسن
شخصيات من الربيع الأوروبي 1848
شعراء الملحمة
شعراء مجريون
شعراء مجريون في القرن 19
صحفيون مجريون
كتاب ذكور مجريون في القرن 19
مترجمو القرن 19
مترجمون مجريون
مواليد 1817
وفيات 1882
وفيات في بودابست

يانوش أراني


Akçaabat Sebatspor, 1923'te Trabzon'un Akçaabat ilçesi merkezli eski bir Türk futbol kulübüdür. 2018 yılında kapanmıştır. İç saha maçlarını Akçaabat Fatih Stadyumu'nda oynamıştır.

Tarihçe
Akçaabat Sebatspor, 1923'te Trabzon'un Akçaabat ilçesinde Mehmet Ağa'nın başkanlığında kuruldu. Kulübün kurulduğu zamanki adı Sebat İdman Yurdu olarak kabul edildi. Altı ay sonra Mehmet Ağa'nın görevi bırakmasıyla, kulübün başkanlığına Serdarzade Münir getirildi. Kulüp içinde çıkan anlaşmazlıklar sonucu, takım ikiye bölündü ve Zafer İdman Yurdu adında bir takım kuruldu. Bu takım daha sonra tekrar Sebat'la birleşti. Sebat İdman Yurdu, İdmanyurdu ve İdmanocağı'yla birlikte Trabzon'un üçüncü takımı oldu ve Türkiye İdman Cemiyetleri İttifakı'nın kurucu takımlarından biri oldu. Takım, II. Dünya Savaşı ve savaş öncesindeki politik gerginlik döneminde durgunluğa giren spor etkinliklerinden bu yıllarda olumsuz olarak etkilendi. Bu yıllarda İsmet İnönü, bir Trabzon gezisi sırasında kulübe 40 Lira bağışta bulundu ve kulübün fahri başkanı sıfatını kazandı. Takımın ismi 1940'ta Akçaabat Gençlik, 1947'de ise Sebat Gençlik olarak değiştirildi. 1968'de Sebat Gençlik Kulübü adıyla 3. Lige kabul edildi. Bu dönemden sonra kulüp Trabzonspor'un rezerv takımı hüviyetine büründü ve Trabzonspor'un şampiyon kadrolarında bulunan Şenol Güneş ve Cemil Usta gibi oyuncuları yetiştirdi. Ancak, bu birliktelik 80'li yılların sonlarına doğru azaldı. Sebatspor, 1977-78'de 3. Lig'de şampiyon olarak 2. Lig'e yükseldi. 1981-1982 döneminde oynadığı son üç lig maçını kaybederek, Türkiye 1. Futbol Ligi'ne çıkma hakkını; Samsunspor'a kaptırdı. 10 Temmuz 1986'da bugünkü ismi olan Akçaabat Sebatspor adıyla anılmaya başlandı. 1990-91 sezonunda 2. Lig'de sonuncu olarak 3. Lig'e düştü. Ertesi sezon yeniden 2. Lig'e çıksa da 1992-93 sezonunda 4. Klasman Grubunu sondan 2. bitirerek yeniden 3. Lig'e düştü.

1999-2000 döneminde Mevlüt Selami Yardım'ın başkanlığa gelmesiyle 2. Lig'e yükselme maçlarına katılmaya hak kazanan Akçaabat Sebatspor, son maçta 84. dakikaya kadar 2-0 yenik götürdüğü Balıkesirspor maçını önce beraberliğe getirip ve sonra da penaltılarda 6-4 kazanarak tekrar 2. Lig'e döndü. 2001-2002 döneminde 2. Lig 4. Klasman Grubu'nu şampiyon olarak bitiren Akçaabat Sebatspor, ekstra yükselme maçları oynamaya hak kazandı. Oynanan karşılaşmalarda yarı finalde Malatyaspor'a 4-0 yenilen Akçaabat Sebatspor Süper Lig' çıkma şansını kaybetti, ancak klasman birinciliği sayesinde 2002 yılında 1. Lig'de mücadele etmeye hak kazandı.

1. Lig'deki ilk yılında Süper Lig şansını son haftalarda kaybeden A.Sebatspor, bir sonraki yıl teknik direktör Ekrem Al yönetiminde Süper Lig'e yükselerek; Süper Lig'de oynamaya hak kazanan üçüncü ilçe kulübü oldu. Süper Lig'de ilk sezonuna kötü başlayan A.Sebatspor, uzun süre son sırada götürdüğü ligde Mehmet Birinci'nin takımın başına geçmesiyle birlikte toparlandı. Ligin son haftasında oynanan MKE Ankaragücü maçını 3-2 kazanan Akçaabat Sebatspor ligde kalmayı başardı. Ancak bu maçın devre arasında çıkan olaylar ve MKE Ankaragücü'nün sahaya çıkmak istememesi; ortamın gerilmesine neden oldu. MKE Ankaragücülü yetkililerin "Maçın devre arasında bize silah gösterdiler, bıçak çektiler" itamlarına karşı, A.Sebatspor Kulübü Başkan Yardımcısı Baki Eyüboğlu:"Bunlar çirkin ithamlar. Stada girerken herkes tek tek arandı. Üzerinde yabancı cisimle içeri girmek mümkün değil. Bırakın koridorlara, tribünlere bile silahlı veya bıçaklı kişiler sokulmuyor." dedi. Bir sonraki sene bahis skandallarıyla çalkalanan kulüp, keskin bir düşüş içerisine girdi. Aynı sene ligden düşen A.Sebatspor, 1. Lig'de iki yıl oynadıktan sonra bu ligden de düşerek TFF 2. Lig B Kategorisi 4. Grupta mücadele etmeye başladı. Akçaabat Sebatspor, şu an yeniden yapılandırılan TFF 2. Lig Kademe 03'te yer almaktadır. 2009-10 dönemi öncesindeki Ağanoğlu yönetiminin parasal konularda önünün tıkanması sonucu, futbolculara olan borçlarından dolayı; kulüp TFF'den çıkartması gereken oyuncu lisanslarında sorun yaşamıştır. 2009-2010 futbol sezonu öncesi transfer yapması federasyon tarafından dondurulmuştur. Tüm bu olanların ardından yönetim kongre kararı almış ve yeni seçilen Cemil Kalkışım yönetimi Federasyon'a olan 303 bin TL borcu ödeyerek transferin son gününde 8 oyuncuyu transfer etmiştir. 2011-2012 sezonunda sıkıntılar yakayı bırakmamış ve 3. Lig 1.Grubu 7 puanla kapatarak sonuncu olarak tarihinde ilk defa Bölgesel Amatör Lig'e düşmüştür.

Akçaabat Sebatspor son olarak 2012-13 sezonunda Bölgesel Amatör Lig'de son 5 karşılaşmasını da kazanmasına rağmen lig'de tutunamayarak Trabzon Süper Amatör Ligine düşmüştür.

Başarıları

 3. Lig:
Şampiyonluk (2) : 1977-1978, 1991-1992

 2002-2003 Süper Lig'e yükseldi.
 1969 Başbakanlık Kupası Finalisti

Lig mücadeleleri

 Süper Lig: 2 Sezon
2003-2005

 1. Lig: 19 Sezon
1978-1991, 1992-1993, 2000-2003, 2005-2007

 2. Lig: 4 Sezon
2007-2011

 3. Lig: 17 Sezon
1970-1978, 1991-1992, 1993-2000, 2011-2012

 Bölgesel Amatör Lig: 1 Sezon
2012-2013

 Amatör Lig: 52 Sezon
1923-1970, 2013-2018

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 TFF Resmi Site - A.Sebatspor
 Facebook Akçaabat Sebatspor Taraftar Sayfası
 Forum Sayfası
 Akçaabat Sebatspor Resmi İnternet Sitesi

Türkiye'deki futbol kulüpleri
Akçaabat
1923'te kurulan futbol kulüpleri
Trabzon'daki futbol kulüpleri
Türkiye'deki feshedilen futbol kulüpleri

Akçaabat Sebatspor


Makroekonomi, ekonomi biliminin; toplam tüketim, toplam üretim, toplam tasarruf, toplam yatırım, toplam gelir (millî gelir) ve istihdam gibi toplam büyüklüklerini inceleyen ve bunlar ile ilgili çözümleme ve çıkarımlar yapan alt dalı. Mikroekonomiden farklı olarak, ekonomiyi bir bütün olarak ele alarak, makro denge çözümlemeleri üzerinde çalışır. İşsizlik, enflasyon, toplam üretim ve tüketim, gelir dağılımı makroekonominin ana konuları olarak sayılabilir. Kurucusu John Maynard Keynes'dir. Keynes 1930 yılına kadar temel ekonomik karar birimleri (tüketici, firma ve endüstri) seviyesinden bakılan ekonomi bilimine yeni bir boyut kazandırmış, toplam talep kavramını gündeme getirerek işsizlik ve toplam üretim konularını bununla açıklamaya çalışmıştır. Modern makroekonomideki düşünce okullarından bazıları şunlardır:

 Keynesyen Ekonomi
 Monetarizm (Parasalcılık)
 Yeni Klasik Ekonomi
 Yeni Keynesçi Ekonomi
 Arz Yanlı Ekonomi

Kökeni
Klasik ve neoklasik iktisatçılar, piyasada otomatik olarak işleyen serbest rekabet ve fiyat mekanizmasının her şeyi görünmeyen bir el gibi kusursuz olarak düzenlediğine ve böylece ekonominin sürekli olarak, üretim faktörlerinin tümünün istihdam edildiği ve hiçbirinin atıl kalmadığı tam istihdam durumunda dengede bulunacağına kabul ederler.

Bu denge durumunun kimi zaman küçük sarsıntılar geçirebileceğine ve dengenin, bu mekanizmaların işlemesiyle kendiliğinden kısa sürede yeniden kurulacağına kabul ettikleri için, ekonominin tümünü ilgilendiren konulara yani makro ekonomik analizler üzerinde durmamışlar ve daha çok ekonomiyi oluşturan karar birimleri ile ilgili mikro ekonomik analizlere yer vermişlerdir. Bununla beraber, ilk iktisatçılardan sayılan fizyokratlar ve daha sonraları bir kısım klasik iktisatçılar az da olsa makro analizler yapmışlardır.

Klasik iktisatçıların iddia ettikleri gibi ekonominın her zaman kendiliğinden tam istihdamda dengeye gelmemesi ve yine klasiklerce önemsiz ve geçici olarak kabul edilen krizlerin hiç de sanıldığı gibi kolayca atlatılamaması, konunun önemini ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Makro ekonomik çalışmalar, İngiliz iktisatçısı John Maynard Keynes'in 1936 yılında yayınladığı İstihdam, Faiz ve Paranın Genel Teorisi (The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money) adlı eseri ile kısa zamanda yaygınlaşmıştır.

Makro Ekonomi kavramı ilk defa 1933 senesinde Ragnar Frisch tarafından kullanılmıştır. Frisch 1933 yılında yayınlanan çalışmasında ekonominin devrevi hareketlerini incelemiş ve makro ekonomi kavramını ilk kez kullanmıştır. Frisch'in bu ve bunu izleyen makaleleri ekonometrik model oluşturmak bakımından öncülük yapmıştır.

Analitik değerlendirmeler
Makroekonomide iki farklı temel teori vardır. Bunlardan birincisi Keynesçi Ekonomi, diğeri ise Yeni Klasik Ekonomidir. Keynesçi Ekonomi, ekonomideki hareketliliğin talepler doğrultusunda gerçekleştiğini savunurken, Yeni Klasik Ekonomiye göre ekonomiyi değerlendirebilmek için piyasadaki arz miktarını bilmek gerekmektedir.

Makroekonomik politikalar
Ekonomik krizlerden, istikrarsızlıktan, işsizlikten, yüksek enflasyondan kurtulmak için hükûmetler makroekonomide iki farklı politika izlerler:

 Maliye Politikası
 Para Politikası

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 İTÜ Ninova Açık Ders Malzemeleri, Makroiktisat

Makroekonomi


La gare de Pomitchna  (ukrainien : Помічна (станція)) est une gare ferroviaire située dans la ville de Pomitchna en Ukraine.

Situation ferroviaire

Histoire
Avec la création de la ligne Odessa-Kiev en 1863, La gare est ouverte dans l'année 1868, elle fut la base de l'extension de la ville.

Service des voyageurs

Accueil

Desserte

Intermodalité

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Transport ferroviaire en Ukraine,
 Liste de gares en Ukraine.

Liens externes

Gare dans l'oblast de Kirovohrad
Gare mise en service en 1868

Gare de Pomitchna


Irving C. Taylor (* 13. August 1919; † Dezember 1991 in Ottawa, Ontario) war ein kanadischer Eishockeyspieler und -trainer. Bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1948 gewann er als Mitglied der kanadischen Nationalmannschaft die Goldmedaille.

Karriere
Irving Taylor begann seine Karriere als Eishockeyspieler bei den Ottawa Junior Senators und Saint Malachys, für die er von 1936 bis 1938 aktiv war. Die Saison 1938/39 verbrachte er bei den Perth Blue Rings. Im Seniorenbereich spielte er in der Saison 1940/41 für die Toronto RCAF. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs diente er in der Royal Canadian Air Force und erreichte den Rang eines Corporal. Die Saison 1944/45 verbrachte er beim Ottawa #17 Equipment Depot, ehe er 1945 für die Ottawa RCAF und die Arnprior Rams auf dem Eis stand. Nach einjähriger Pause vom Eishockey kehrte er 1946 zu den RCAF Flyers nach Ottawa zurück. Mit der Mannschaft repräsentierte er 1948 Kanada bei den Olympischen Winterspielen. Zudem kam er in der Saison 1946/47 in einigen Spielen für die Renfrew Lions aus der Upper Ottawa Valley Hockey League zum Einsatz.

International
Für Kanada nahm Taylor an den Olympischen Winterspielen 1948 in St. Moritz teil, bei denen er mit seiner Mannschaft die Goldmedaille gewann. Als Spielertrainer absolvierte er im Turnierverlauf nur ein Spiel.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 1948 Goldmedaille bei den Olympischen Winterspielen

Weblinks

Eishockeynationalspieler (Kanada)
Eishockeytrainer (Kanada)
Olympiateilnehmer (Kanada)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1948
Olympiasieger (Eishockey)
Geboren 1919
Gestorben 1991
Mann
Kanadier

Irving Taylor


أودون فون هورفات Edmund Josef von Horváth (معروف باسم أودون فون هورفات Ödön von Horváth / ولد في 9 ديسمبر 1901 في فيومه (حاليا ريجيكه في كرواتيا) – ومات في 1 يونيو 1938 في باريس) هو أديب مجري نمساوي من الأدباء المهمين في القرن العشرين.

حياته

ولد إدموند (وهذا الاسم يقابله في اللغة المجرية أودون) يوزف فون هورفات في التاسع من ديسمبر 1901، وهو الابن الأول للديبلوماسي المجري النمساوي دكتور أودون يوزف فون هورفات وأمه هي ماريا لولو هيرمينه (مولودة بلقب برينال) في فيومه Fiume (وهي حاليا ريجيكه Rijeka في كرواتيا). ينحدر الأب من سلوفينيا وينتمي إلى طبقة النبلاء (ويدل حرف H في نهاية اللقب على رتبة النبالة في اللغة المجرية)، وتنمتي الأم إلى عائلة ألمانية مجرية من الأطباء الذين خدموا في السلك العسكري في عهد الإمبراطورية الألمانية.

انتقلت الأسرة في عام 1902 إلى بلغراد ثم إلى بودابست، حيث عهد الأسرة إلى معلم منزلي لتعليم أودون اللغة المجرية. وحين نقل الأب إلى ميونخ في عام 1909، ظل أودون في البداية في بودابست ثم التحق بمدرسة داخلية اسمها Rákóczianum. وانتقل إلى الأسرة في عام 1913 وتعرف للمرة الأولى على اللغة الألمانية. ثم رحل مع الأسرة إلى بريسبورج ثم إلى بودابست ثم أخيرا - حين عادت الأسرة إلى ميونخ – إلى فيينا حيث عاش في رعاية خاله يوزف برينال. وهناك أتم في عام 1919 في مدرسة ثانوية خاصة مرحلته الثانوية، والتحق في نفس العام بجامعة ميونخ، ودرس علم النفس والأدب والمسرح.

بدأ هورفات في الكتابة في عام 1920. وفي عام 1923 انتقل إلى برلين ثم زالتسبورج ثم مع أبويه عاش في مورناوْ Murnau في بافاريا العليا، وكرس نفسه أكثر فأكثر للكتابة الأدبية، غير أنه أحرق الكثير من كتاباته التي تنتمي إلى تلك الفترة. ولم ينضم الشاعر الشاب إلى حزب سياسي ما، ولكنه كان يتعاطف مع اليسار. وقد شهد في إحدى محاكمات النازيين. وحذر في مسرحياته مثل «سلاديك...جندي الرايخ الأسود» في عام 1929 Sladek, der schwarze Reichswehrmann ، من الخطر المتزايد للفاشية. وخرج من الكنيسة الكاثوليكية في عام 1929.

بلغ هورفات أوج شهرته كشاعر حين حصل في عام 1931 على جائزة كلايست، وعرضت مسرحيته الأشهر على الإطلاق «حكايات من غابة فيينا» Geschichten aus dem Wiener Wald. وحين اقتحمت القوات الخاصة للحزب النازي فيلا أبويه وفتشتها، وذلك في عام 1933 بعد استيلاء هتلر على السلطة، قرر هورفات مغادرة ألمانيا وأقام في السنوات التالية في فيينا وفي هيندورف قرب زالتسبورج، وكان من الأعضاء المهمين في دائرة هيندورف حول كارل تسوكماير.

وبسبب عدم عرض مسرحياته في ألمانيا، فقد ازدادت حالته المادية سوءا. واستطاع أن يحقق نجاحا من جديد بصدور روايته «شباب بلا إله» Jugend ohne Gott في أمستردام في عام 1937. ترجمت الرواية إلى لغات عدة، لكنها صنفت في عام 1938 من قبل النازيين ضمن «الكتب الهدامة والغير مرغوب فيها» ومنع تداولها في ألمانيا.

وبعد ضم هتلر للنمسا في مارس 1938 رحل هورفات إلى بودابست وفيومه ثم إلى عدة مدن أخرى، إلى أن استقر به المقام في نهاية مايو في باريس. وفي الأول من يونيو التقى المخرج روبرت زيودماك في مقهى مارينيان، وتحدثا حول تحويل رواية «شباب بلا إله» إلى فيلم سينمائي. إلا أنه وفي نفس الليلة لقي هورفات مصرعه بعد أن سقط عليه فرع شجرة أثناء عاصفة سيئة في شارع الشانزليزيه Champs-Élysées. ودفن في السابع من يونيو في مقبرة سانت أوين الباريسية Friedhof Saint-Ouen في حضور كثير من أدباء المهجر، ونقل رفاته لاحقا إلى فيينا ليدفن في مقبرة هايلغنشتادت فيها.

شهدت أعماله رواجا من جديد في الستينات، وأطلق عليه «كلاسيكي الحداثة» Klassiker der Moderne وظل هذا اللقب حتى اليوم.

إنتاجه

تحتل القضايا الاجتماعية السياسية محور أعمال هورفات المسرحية. وكان هورفات يصور في أعماله شخصيات من الطبقة الوسطى وكذلك لشخصيات نسائية. وأعماله المتأخرة تناول تساؤلات دينية حول المسئولية والذنب للفعل الإنساني. ويتناول في روايات مثل «شباب بلا إله» و«طفل عصرنا» صعود الحركة الفاشية قبل الحرب العالمية الثانية. ويعتبر هورفات مجدد المسرحية الشعبية Volkstück.

وقد حصل هورفات في عام 1931 على جائزة كلايست بالاشتراك مع إريك ريجر.

ومن أشهر مقولاته هي:"إنني في الحقيقة شخص مختلف تماما، لكنني نادرا ما أكون ذلك الشخص."Ich bin eigentlich ganz anders, aber ich komme nur so selten dazu."

من أعماله

مسرحيات
 كتاب الرقص 1920
 جريمة في حارة مورن 1923
 سلاديك جندي الرايخ الأسود 1929
 ليلة إيطالية 1931
 حكايات من غابة فيينا 1931
 كازيمير وكارولينه 1932
 هنا وهناك 1934
 دون جوان يأتي من الحرب 1936
 طلاق فيجارو 1936
 قرية بلا رجال 1937
 نحو السماء 1937
 اليوم الآخر (يوم القيامة) 1937

روايات
 ست وثلاثون ساعة 1929
 شباب بلا إله 1937
 طفل من عصرنا 1938

قصص أخرى
 مقابلة صحفية 1932
 ساعة الحب 1929

ترجمات إلى العربية

 أنا الجندي - قصة، العنوان الأصلي «طفل من عصرنا» ، ترجمة حسن علي ومحمود رمضان، المركز القومي للترجمة، القاهرة، 2008
 الثورة الهادئة - قصة، ترجمة حسن رمضان وباهر الجوهري، المركز القومي للترجمة، القاهرة، 2013

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص من رييكا
روائيون
روائيون ذكور نمساويون
روائيون نمساويون في القرن 20
كتاب باللغة الألمانية
كتاب دراما ومسرح
كتاب دراما ومسرح ذكور نمساويون
كتاب دراما ومسرح نمساويون في القرن 20
كتاب ذكور نمساويون في القرن 20
كتاب مسرحيون في القرن 20
كتاب من رييكا
كتاب نمساويون مجريون
مواليد 1901
مواليد في رييكا
نبلاء مجريون
نمساويون من أصل مجري
نمساويون مهاجرون إلى فرنسا
وفيات 1938
وفيات عرضية في فرنسا
وفيات في باريس

أودون فون هورفات


Hemmeligt politi (nogle gange omtalt som politisk politi) er politiorganisationer som virker i hemmelighed i en nations tjeneste for at opretholde statens sikkerhed mod indre trusler. Hemmelige politistyrker associeres gerne med totalitære regimer, fordi disse regimers virke ikke er åbne for offentligheden, firkantet sagt. Det hemmelige politis hovedfunktion er at opretholde statens politiske magt der, i det totalitære styre, vil være et centralt element i retsvæsenets håndhævelse af landet love.

Hemmelige politistyrker kan sammenlignes med nationale sikkerhedstjenester som man finder i moderne liberale demokratiske stater, som et element i deres retsvæsen, og er ideelt set at forstå som transparente, eksempelvis som underliggende offentlig regulering og ved deres afrapportering om virke - alt dette stiller dem som ansvarlige overfor det øvrige samfund (accountability). Sådanne organisationer bliver alligevel nogle gange omtalt som hemmeligt politi, og det er da også sådan at praksis kan føre til sådanne institutioner associeres med repression. En stat med et betydelig niveau af hemmelig politiaktivitet kan så omtales som en politistat.

Metoder og historie
Hemmelige politistyrker i diktaturer og totalitære stater bruger sædvanligvis vold og terror for at undertrykke politisk opposition og -afvigere og kan benytte dødspatruljer for at udføre attentater og "forsvindinger".

Østtysklands hemmelige politi, Ministerium für Staatssicherheit eller Stasi, er regnet som et af historiens mest formidable eksempler.

Dette kan også ske i stater som beskriver sig som "demokratiske". Der findes naturligvis forskellige varianter af demokrati, og i tider med undtagelsestilstand eller krig kan et demokrati efter loven tildele sine politi- og sikkerhedstjenester fuldmagter som, i bagklogskabens lys, kan smage af "hemmeligt politi".

Kontroverser omkring navnet
Hvilke statlige tjenester som med rette kan klassificeres eller karakteriseres (helt eller delvis) som "hemmeligt politi" er genstand for en langvarig debat. Hemmeligt politi bliver regnet for at være en nedsættende betegnelse i demokratiske og til og med i Kvasidemokratiske samfund. Nogle ville eksempelvis inkludere CIA og Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) under samlebetegnelsen "hemmeligt politi", mens andre fastholder at organisationer som er beskæftiget med efterretningsvirksomhed i fremmede lande og overvågning ikke er "politi" overhovedet.

En anden debat omhandler hvorvidt eksempelvis FBI og United States Secret Service med rette kan betegnes som "hemmeligt politi", eftersom aktiviteter som telefonaflytning og hvad kritikere omtaler som "indtrængning i private hjem" er sanktioneret. Fra modsat hold fremføres det at sådanne organisationer ikke involverer sig i undertrykkelse, tortur eller lemfældige henrettelser som det ofte er set blandt hemmelige politiorganisationer.

Det er imidlertid enkelte beskyldninger, primært fra mere marginale organisationer, men af og til også fra mere etablerede organisationer at disse organisationer har gennemført aktiviteter som i mere eller mindre udstrækning kan associeres med hemmelige operationer på kant af landets lovgivning. I den senere tid har FBIs brug og forsøg på udvidelse af brugen af "administrative stævninger" (se National Security Letter) også ført til en øget kritik fra forskellige sider.

Et væsentligt aspekt af diskussionen er hvorvidt begrebet "hemmeligt politi" antyder generel undertrykkelse eller bare en udbredt anvendelse af taktikker som besværliggør gennemsigtigheden af organisationen. De mest omfattende beskyldninger mod FBI som et hemmelig politi kom i under Vietnamkrigen, da organisationen infiltrerede og forsøgte at undergrave politiske organisationer, som man anså farlige i henhold til COINTELPRO-direktivet.

Hemmeligt politi i litteraturen
Konceptet "hemmeligt politi" er også populært indenfor skønlitteraturen, hvor sådanne organisationer ofte bliver fremstillet i sin mest ekstreme form i beskrivelsen af dystopiske samfund. Det måske mest berømte eksempel er tankepolitiet i George Orwells berømte roman 1984. I den verden benytter tankepolitiet psykologi og nærmest allestedsnærværende overvågning for at finde og eliminere medlemmer af samfundet som har "tanker" som udfordrer myndighederne.

I Løven, heksen og garderobeskabet af C.S. Lewis benytter den hvide heks et hemmeligt politi. Disse frygtede individer er sadistiske ulve og deres leder hedder Maugrim.

Se også
 Dødspatrulje
 Efterretning
 Overvågning
 Masseovervågning
 Politiets Efterretningstjeneste
 Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste
 Sikkerhedstjeneste

Referencer
 R. J. Stove, The Unsleeping Eye: Secret Police and Their Victims (Encounter Books, San Francisco, 2003).

Eksterne henvisninger
 USAs hemmelige politi - FBIs COINTELPRO i 1990'erne
 MSNBC - Indenlandsk spionage kontra hemmeligt politi

Efterretning
Politi
Dataindsamling

Hemmeligt politi


Brett Michael Emerton (born 22 February 1979) is an Australian former professional footballer who played for Sydney Olympic, Sydney FC, Feyenoord Rotterdam, Blackburn Rovers and the Australia national team. Able to play as a wide midfielder or defender, Emerton was known for his "speed, ball control and creativity."

Club career

Early career
Growing up in Macquarie Fields, Emerton first played for Gunners Soccer Club at Bensley Road as a five-year-old. He was nicknamed "the greyhound". During the following years he played for the Macarthur Rams.

Sydney Olympic
Emerton was a product of the Australian Institute of Sport and started his career with Sydney Olympic in the National Soccer League in August 1996. During his stay at the club he impressed widely with his pace and stamina, as much as his play with the ball. After making 94 appearances and scoring 16 goals. Emerton began to be noticed in Europe.

Feyenoord
After captaining the Olyroos at the Sydney Olympics, Emerton joined Feyenoord in August 2000 for a fee of £415,000. He won a UEFA Cup winners medal in May 2002 (although Emerton himself was banned for the final) and being named the 2002 Oceania Footballer of the Year. He made a total of 111 league and cup appearances for Feyenoord, scoring eleven goals.

Blackburn Rovers
After being linked with several Premiership teams, Emerton eventually joined Blackburn Rovers in July 2003 for an undisclosed fee, on a four-year contract, saying, "I've always dreamed of playing in the Premiership so to finally achieve it is great." He turned down offers from other clubs so that he could play in his preferred position on the wing. He scored on his debut in a 5–1 win over Wolverhampton Wanderers in August 2003. Manager Graeme Souness said of him: "Emerton is a top player. If he can keep up that level of trickery I will be quite happy." In his first Premier League season, Emerton played in 37 league games, scored two goals, and featured in 40 matches in all competitions. However, Blackburn failed to make progress in the UEFA Cup and struggled against relegation.

Blackburn survived that season but again struggled in the 2004–05 season, not winning a game until September 2004.  However, the club preserved their Premiership status following a change of manager and reached the FA Cup semi-finals, where they lost to Arsenal. Emerton paid credit to new manager, Mark Hughes, "It is a huge achievement. When Mark came in we were in a bit of disarray but from the day he arrived we worked on our fitness. Everyone is better for that and it has shown in our performances."

A more successful season in 2005–06 saw Blackburn reach the 5th round of the FA Cup, losing to West Ham United, the semi-finals of the League Cup and qualifying for the UEFA Cup. Following the end of the season, Emerton signed a new four-year deal at Blackburn in August 2006.  Mark Hughes described him as "a player who gives me a lot of options. He can carry the ball from one end of the field to the other. That's why teams have coveted him this summer."
Emerton made 47 appearances in the 2006–07 season as Blackburn finished in mid-table but reached the FA Cup semi-final for the second time in three years, losing to Chelsea, and reached the knock-out stages of the UEFA cup, eventually losing out to Bayer Leverkusen for a place in the last 16. At the end of the 2006–07 season, Emerton had made a total of 167 appearances for Blackburn in all competitions, scoring ten goals.

In July 2008, Emerton signed a new four-year contract, keeping him at the club until the summer of 2012.

On 31 January 2009, Emerton's 2008–09 season came to a halt versus Middlesbrough when during a tackle, he damaged his knee. It was revealed on 2 February that he had damaged his cruciate ligament, which meant he would miss the remainder of the season, 6 to 9 months being his expected recovery time.

On 12 September 2009, Emerton made his long-awaited return to Premier League football as a second-half substitute in the 3–1 Blackburn victory over fellow Premier League side Wolverhampton Wanderers. On 4 October 2009, Emerton started his first match in 2009–10 since being injured at Middlesbrough the previous season, playing against Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium in a heavy 6–2 defeat with Emerton playing 57 minutes before being replaced by substitute Morten Gamst Pedersen. In all competitions during the 2009–10 season, Emerton made a total of 29 appearances, scoring two goals, and providing four assists.

On 25 July 2010, he replaced Morten Gamst Pedersen in the 60th minute in the 2–1 defeat to Rangers in the Sydney Festival of Football tournament held in Australia, but could not prevent the team from losing. "The biggest cheer of the afternoon came on the hour mark with the introduction of Brett Emerton, the Australian crowd all standing to applaud the introduction of the Sydney-born midfielder. Emerton scored his first goal of the 2010–11 Premier League season in a 2–1 victory over Blackpool at Bloomfield Road on 25 September, in which he scored in the 92nd minute of injury time. On 4 December, he scored his second goal of the season at Ewood Park against Wolverhampton Wanderers in the 43rd minute, playing the full 90 minutes in a 3–0 victory. Emerton scored the opening goal, and his third goal for the 2010–11 season, against local rivals Manchester United. In Rovers' last Premier League match of the season against Wolves at Molineux, Emerton scored a volley on 38 minutes and also played the full 90 minutes in a 3–2 win. He was made captain for his final match for Blackburn against Everton at Ewood Park on 27 August 2011, playing the full 90 minutes.

Sydney FC
On 25 August 2011, it was announced that Emerton had signed with two time A-League champions, Sydney FC on a three-year deal after terminating his contract with Blackburn Rovers by mutual consent returning him to his homeland after 11 years abroad.
He was the Vice-Captain of Sydney FC. He made his début at Etihad Stadium against A-League giants Melbourne Victory, where he had a 33rd-minute penalty saved by Ante Covic and came off in the 84th minute in front of 40,000 people in attendance in the 0–0 draw. He scored his first goal in the round 7 game against the Central Coast Mariners from a free kick, but Sydney slumped to a 3–2 defeat.

On 23 March 2013, Emerton was shown a red card against Western Sydney Wanderers for a studs-up challenge on left-back and former teammate Shannon Cole. He received a straight red card even though he received a yellow card three minutes before.

On 20 July 2013, Emerton captained the A-League All Stars in the inaugural A-League All Stars Game against Manchester United, a match in which the A-League All Stars were thrashed 5–1, courtesy of goals from Danny Welbeck, Jesse Lingard and Robin van Persie. Emerton was substituted off in the 83rd minute of the match, and was replaced by Adelaide United midfielder Marcelo Carrusca.

On 16 January 2014, Emerton announced his retirement from professional football as a result of his persistent back problems.

International career
Emerton was captain of the "Olyroos", Australia's Olympic football team, at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where he was sent off against Nigeria as Australia were beaten 3–2 and went out of the tournament. He was named in the Australia squad for the Fifa Confederations Cup held in South Korea and Japan in 2001 and made the starting line-up in a shock win over France and a defeat by South Korea as Australia qualified from the Group stages.

Emerton was a member of the Australian national team that lost out on the final place in the 2002 World Cup finals in Korea and Japan when Uruguay beat Australia over two legs in November 2001. He played in the team that comprehensively beat England 3–1 at the Boleyn Ground in February 2003, scoring the final goal to seal an impressive win.

Emerton played in both legs of World Cup play-off against Uruguay in November 2005, when the Socceroos qualified for the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, the first time that Australia had reached the finals of the World Cup since 1974, and was named in the Australian squad for the World Cup finals. He was in the starting line-up for all three Group Stage games against Japan, Brazil and Croatia as Australia qualified for the second round. However, he received two yellow cards against Croatia, was sent off in the 87th minute and subsequently missed the Socceroos' second round match against Italy.

Emerton scored two goals against Qatar in Australia's fourth match of World Cup Qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, in Doha. The match finished 3–1 to the Australians, as the nation advanced to the second round of the World Cup qualifiers. He also scored two goals against Qatar on 15 October in Brisbane, one from the penalty spot and the other a right foot finish from a flowing Australian move. Since returning from injury Emerton has received an international recall for the upcoming matches against the Netherlands and Oman. In his return match for the Socceroos against the Netherlands, Emerton came on as a second-half substitute for Josh Kennedy, and made an exceptional return by looking dangerous on the right side of midfield. He then started the next match on against Oman and played a full 90 minutes. Emerton scored a late winner against Oman in the 2011 Asian Cup Qualifying fixture to give the Socceroos a 2–1 win. On 17 November 2010, he injured his hamstring whilst on international duty against Egypt in a 3–0 defeat in Cairo. On 25 January 2011, Emerton scored his 18th goal for his country and the fourth goal in the 73rd minute of the match when he scored against Uzbekistan in a 6–0 win in the semi-finals of the 2011 AFC Asian Cup after coming on from the bench. He played a total of 5 games at the tournament. On 5 June 2011, he captained the Aussies because there was no Lucas Neill in their 3–0 victory over rivals New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval Stadium. On 7 June 2011, Emerton started the friendly game against Serbia playing in the 0–0 draw. Emerton started and scored the winner in a 1–0 victory for the Socceroos against Hong Kong in East Asian Cup qualification.

Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Australia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Emerton goal.

Honours
Feyenoord
UEFA Cup: 2001–02

Australia
OFC U-17 Championship: 1995
OFC U-20 Championship: 1997
OFC Nations Cup: 2000, 2004

Individual
 NSL U21 Player of the Year: 1997–98
 Australian Sports Medal: 2000
 Oceania Footballer of the Year: 2002
 A-League All Stars: 2013

References

External links

 Oz Football profile
 Socceroo profile

1979 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Macarthur Rams FC players
Sydney Olympic FC players
Feyenoord players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
UEFA Cup winning players
Eredivisie players
Premier League players
Sydney FC players
Australia men's international soccer players
Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic soccer players for Australia
Soccer players from Sydney
National Soccer League (Australia) players
Australian Institute of Sport soccer players
New South Wales Institute of Sport alumni
Marquee players (A-League Men)
Australian men's soccer players
2000 OFC Nations Cup players
2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2004 OFC Nations Cup players
2005 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
2007 AFC Asian Cup players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
Australian expatriate men's soccer players
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Australian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Australian expatriate sportspeople in England

Brett Emerton


Deggingen je općina u njemačkoj saveznoj državi Baden-Württembergu. Jedno je od 38 općinskih središta okruga Göppingena. Prema procjeni iz 2010. u općini je živjelo 5.508 stanovnika.

Geografski i demografski podatci

Deggingen se nalazi u saveznoj državi Baden-Württembergu u okrugu Göppingenu. Općina se nalazi na nadmorskoj visini od 492 metra. Površina općine iznosi 22,7 km². U samom mjestu je, prema procjeni iz 2010. godine, živjelo 5.508 stanovnika. Prosječna gustoća naseljenosti iznosi 243 stanovnika/km².

Vanjske poveznice
[www.deggingen.de službena stranica]

Gradovi u Njemačkoj

Deggingen


Joaíma es un municipio brasileño del estado de Minas Gerais. Su población estimada en 2007 era de 15.391 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Minas Gerais

Joaíma


Abou Saïd Uthman II ou (en arabe algérien  أبوسعيد  عثمانا لثاني, Abu Sa'id Othman āt-thani, en berbère  ⴰⴱⵓ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⵄⵓⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, Abu Sa'id Othman wiss sin), régna sur le royaume de Tlemcen de 1348 à 1352. Il partage le pouvoir avec son frère, le sultan Abou Thabet selon un accord : Abou Saïd est chargé d'être le sultan « sédentaire », il reprend d'ailleurs Tlemcen aux Mérinides en 1348. Son frère Abou Thabet fait lui figure de sultan « nomade », il se charge de maintenir les liens avec les tribus alliées des Zianides pour prendre les territoires tombés aux mains des Mérinides.

Abou Saïd Othmane II meurt en 1352, perdant Tlemcen à nouveau face aux Mérinides. Son frère Abou Thabet lui succède.

Références

Bibliographie

Voir aussi

 Abdalwadides
 Tlemcen
 Siège de Tlemcen (1299-1307)
Zianides
Personnalité de l'histoire algérienne

Abou Saïd Uthman II


Radimov este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Skalica din regiunea Trnava. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 569 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Radimov este atestată documentar din 1392.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Radimov


ලොස්ට් වර්ල්ඩ්ස් යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ද හිස්ට්‍රි නාළිකාව මගින් විකාශය කරන ලද වාර්තා රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලාවකි. මෙමගිව් පුරාතන සිට නූතන යුගය දක්වා "නෂ්ට වී" ගිය ස්ථාන ගණනාවක් ගවේෂණය කෙරේ. මෙවැනි "ඉංජිනේරු, තාක්ෂණ, සහ සංස්කෘතික වික්‍රමයන්" පුරාවිද්‍යාත්මක සාධක, අදාළ විශේෂඥයින් සමග සම්මුක සාකච්ඡා, අදාළ අධ්‍යයන සහ CGI ප්‍රතිනිර්මාණ අනුසාරයෙන් ගොඩනැගීමට ඔවුහු උත්සාහ දරති. මෙම දෘශ්‍ය ප්‍රතිනිර්මාණ ත්‍රිමාණ පරිසරයන් සහ ඡායාරූප පාදක කරගත් නිර්මාණ අනුසාරයෙන් "නෂ්ට වූ ලෝක"වල වර්තමාන තත්ත්වය පෙන්නුම් කරයි.

මෙම කතාමාලාවේ පළමු කථාංගය වූ "පැලන්කේ: මායාවරුන්ගේ රාජධානිය" යන්න 2005 අප්‍රේල් 4 දින විකා්‍ය විය. ඉන් අනතුරුව 2006දී තවත් කථාංග 12කුත්, 2007දී කථාංග 19කුත් විකාශය විය.

කථාංග

DVD නිකුතු
සෑම කථාංගයක්ම එහි මුල් විකාශන දිනයේ සිට DVD ලෙස නිකුත් කෙරිණි. 2007 ජනවාරි 30 දින මුල් කථාංග 13 DVD තැටි 4කින් යුත් එකතුවක් ලෙස මුදාහැරිණි.

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

බාහිර සබැඳි

හිස්ට්‍රි (රූපවාහිනී නාළිකාව) මුල් වැඩසටහන්
ඇමරිකානු වාර්තා රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා

ලොස්ට් වර්ල්ඩ්ස් (රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලාව)


John Cecil Pringle, umjetničkog imena John Gilbert (Logan u Uti, 10. srpnja 1897. – Bel Air u Kaliforniji, 9. siječnja 1936.), američki filmski glumac, scenarist i redatelj poznat pod nadimkom "Veliki zavodnik", uz Rudolpha Valentina i Ramona Novarra jedan od seks-simbola američkog nijemog filma 1920-ih i 30-ih. Svoj nadimak stekao je ljubavnim vezama i četirima brakovima s tadašnjim filmskim zvijezdama, poput Marlene Dietrich i Grete Garbo, Dolores del Río i dr.

Rodio se u obitelji putujućih kazališnih glumaca pa je zbog čestih selidbi školu pohađao u nekoliko saveznih država. Pohađao je i Hitcockovu vojnu akademiju u San Rafaelu u kalironiji. Pisao je scenarije za Thomasa Harpera, jednog od najplodonosnijih redatelja nijemih filmova, dok svoju prvu glumačku ulogu ostvaruje 1919. u paru s Mary Pickford. Dvije godine kasnije potpisuje ugovor s filmskom kućom Fox, za koju 1922. snima uprizorenje slavnog romana Grof Monte Cristo.

Glumački ugled stječe u suradnji s Metro-Goldwyn-Mayerom, tada vodećom filmskom kućom, u čijim je filmovima glumio ljubavnike i zavodnike stekavši veliku popularnost. Bio je poznat i po natjecateljstvu s Rudolphom Valentinom, miljenikom ženskog dijela gledateljstva.

Preminuo je od srčanog udara uzrokovana dugogdišnjim alkoholizmom. Uz obitelj, njegovu sprovodu nazočile su i tadašnje zvijezde Gary Cooper i Marlene Dietrich. Za svoja dostignuća posmrtno mu je dodieljena zvijezda na Hollywoodskoj stazi slavnih.

Vanjske poveznice
 Životopis na IMDb-u

Američki filmski glumci
Američki filmski redatelji
Scenaristi

John Gilbert


Sinjac je jezero u Karlovačkoj županiji, južno od mjesta Plaški, u zaseoku Jezero. Nalazi se u blizini ceste Plaški – Saborsko – Plitvička Jezera.

Naziv
Sinjac se još naziva Sinac, Sivac ili Jezero. Nazivi Sinjac i Sinac vjerojatno potječu od pridjeva sinji, koji vuče podrijetlo iz praslavenskog *sin'ü i znači sinji, modar, siv, sivkast, crn. U toj se riječi krije indoeuropski korijen *sk'ei i znači svijetliti, ljeskati se, zasjati, prosinuti.

Osnovni podatci
Površina jezera Sinjac iznosi oko 0,25 ha i sastoji se od četiri grotla, nazvanih Sinjac 1, Sinjac 2, Sinjac 3 i Sinjac 4, od kojih je Sinjac 1 najdublji. Za niskog vodostaja vide se četiri odvojena grotla, dok za visokog vodostaja nastane jedno jezero. U dosadašnjim istraživanjima speleoronioci spustili su se do 203 m dubine u Sinjcu 1. Konačna dubina jezera još je nepoznata. Sinjac 1 je trenutno treći najdublje istraženi krški izvor u Hrvatskoj i spada među 15 najdubljih krških izvora u svijetu.
Sinjac je izvor rječice Tuk, duge oko 2,5 kilometra, koja ponire nedaleko od mjesta Plavče Drage.

Flora i fauna
Od ribljih vrsta viđeni su klen, peš i pastrva. U njemu obitava i ogulinska špiljska spužvica (Eunapius subterraneus), koja živi samo u podzemnim krškim vodama Ogulinsko-Plaščanske zaravni i sjeverozapadne Like te je jedina podzemna slatkovodna spužvica na svijetu.

Povijest istraživanja Sinjca

 1984. provedena je međunarodna speleoronilačka ekspedicija "Bijeli potoci – Kamensko 84" kad je zabilježen prvi zaron u Sinjac. Ekspediciju je organiziralo Društvo za istraživanja i snimanja krških fenomena iz Zagreba (DISKF), a vodili su je Tihomir Kovačević Tihi i Mladen Garašić Gara. Prvi ronioci u Sinjcu bili su Ljubiša Kalinić, Tihomir Kovačević, Žarko Supičić i Mladen Garašić. Tada su ronioci došli do dubine od 42 metra.
 1999. provedena je međunarodna speleoronilačka ekspedicija "Speleoronjenje '99" u organizaciji DISKF-a pod vodstvom Tihomira Kovačevića Tihija. Tada su u Sinjcu ronili Pierre Bastin, Roger Cosse-Myns i Frank Vasseur, kad su dosegnuli dubinu od 103 metra. To je bilo prvi put u Hrvatskoj da je netko prešao 100 metara dubine u nekom krškom izvoru.
 2002. na međunarodnoj speleoronilačkoj ekspediciji "Rakovica 2002" u organizaciji DISKF-a u Sinjcu su ronili Pavol Skovajsa, Pavel Riha Terminator i Jan Enčev te postigli dubinu od 103 metra. Na dubini od 42 metra pronašli su i snimili volovsku zapregu i potvrdili Legendu o izgubljenim kolima. Ekspediciju je vodio Tihomir Kovačević Tihi.
 2005. na međunarodnoj speleoronilačkoj ekspediciji "Zrmanjina SUZA", koju je organiziralo društvo "Dinaridi – Društvo za istraživanja i snimanja krških fenomena" (DDISKF) pod vodstvom Tihomira Kovačevića Tihija, postignut je opet najdublji zaron u krškom izvoru u Hrvatskoj. Član DDISKF-a i speleoronioc svjetskog glasa Luigi Casati spustio se na 155 metara.
 2007. na MSRE "Zrmanjin ZOV 2007" u organizaciji DDISKF-a speleoronioci Alan Kovačević i Damir Pavelić otkrili su prolaz u grotlo Sinjac 4, kojeg je istražio i opisao jedan od najvećih svjetskih pionira speleoronjenja Švicarac i član DDISKF-a Jean Jacques Bolance.
 2009. ronilac Gordan Horvat Pero iz KTSR Explorer iz Zagreba spustio se na 106 metara i prvi je hrvatski ronilac koji se spustio ispod 100 metara u krškom izvoru.
 2016. DDISKF je organizirao Međunarodnu speleoronilačku ekspediciju "Kamena galaksija – Zrmanja 2016" pod vodstvom Tihomira Kovačevića Tihija. Ronilački tim u Sinjcu je postigao dubinu od 203 metra. Na čelu tima bio je član DDISKF-a Luigi Casati. Postignuta dubina nije konačna.

Ekologija
Ogulinsko je podzemlje izloženo mnogim negativnim utjecajima. Karst Waters Institute iz SAD-a proglasio je 2001./2002. ovo područje jednim od 10 najugroženijih krških fenomena na svijetu.

Zanimljivosti
"Legenda o izgubljenim kolima" je istinita priča iz 1936. godine. Upravo je ta priča dovela istraživače DDISKF-a na Sinjac.
U Sinjcu je Hrvatsko biospeleološko društvo tijekom ekspedicija provodilo istraživanja i prikupljalo uzorke živog svijeta u jezeru. Slatkovodnu spužvicu prvi je zamijetio i ukazao na njeno postojanje u jezeru Alan Kovačević.
Na Sinjcu Hrvatska gorska služba spašavanja (HGSS) provodi vježbe speleoronilačkog spašavanja.

Izvori
 Tihomir Kovačević, Hrvatska vodoprivreda, siječanj / svibanj 2012., broj 198, godište XX, ISSN 1330-321X, UDK 628.1
 Tihomir Kovačević, Hrvatska vodoprivreda, lipanj / kolovoz 2012., broj 199, godište XX, ISSN 1330-321X, UDK 628.1
 Tihomir Kovačević, Hrvatska vodoprivreda, listopad / prosinac 2016., broj 217., godište XXIV, ISSN 1330-321X, UDK 628.1
 Tihomir Kovačević,Scubalife, br. 21, rujan 2015. Sinjac - 155 m, duboke gorske oči u srcu Like, str. 42 - 45
 Tihomir Kovačević,Scubalife, br. 25, rujan 2016. Cavediving Sinjac -203 Una -248 m, str. 82 - 85
 www.ddiskf.hr

Jezera u Hrvatskoj

Sinjac


Agrilus carinihumeralis é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Kurosawa, 1964.

Referências

carinihumeralis

Agrilus carinihumeralis


Cotter may refer to:
Cotter pin (disambiguation), a pin or wedge used to fix parts rigidly together
Cotter (farmer), the Scots term for a peasant farmer formerly in the Scottish highlands
Cotter (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name)
Cotter, Arkansas, United States
Cotter, Iowa, United States
Mount Cotter, a mountain in California, United States
Cotter River, a river in the Australian Capital Territory

See also
McCotter, a surname
The Cottars, a Canadian musical group
Kotter (disambiguation)
Cottler

Cotter


The A28 is a trunk road in the counties of Kent and East Sussex in south east England, connecting Margate, Canterbury, Ashford and Hastings.

Starting at the seaside resort of Margate at the north-east point of Kent, the A28 runs inland and west-southwest to the cathedral city of Canterbury, before passing through the chalk hills of the North Downs via the gap cut by the River Stour, to the town of Ashford in the Vale of Holmesdale. From here, the A28 proceeds via the market town of Tenterden, to the East Sussex seaside town of Hastings, on the English Channel.

Route
The A28 leaves Margate via the seaside resorts of Westgate and Birchington, and then heads inland reaching open countryside at the village of Sarre, after which the road roughly parallels both the Ashford-Ramsgate railway line and the Great Stour river on their combined route to Canterbury and then Ashford.

From Sarre, the road passes through the villages of Upstreet, Hersden and Sturry, and then to the city of Canterbury. It forms part of Canterbury's ring road before leaving via Wincheap and Thanington Without, where a sliproad linking to the A2 was completed in 2011.

The A28 passes between the North Downs via the villages of Chartham, Chilham, Godmersham and Bilting, to enter the Vale of Holmesdale. The road reaches surburbia again at Kennington, a suburb of Ashford, but the A28 then skirts around the town centre of Ashford on a section of dual carriageway, where it has a junction with the A20. In 1983, this section was named Simone Weil Avenue, in honour of the French philosopher and mystic who is buried nearby in Bybrook Cemetery. Bypassing the village of Great Chart, the road undulates in a general south-westward direction around the Kentish Weald via the villages of Bethersden and High Halden, to the market town of Tenterden.

The A28 continues via the villages of Rolvenden and Newenden before crossing a narrow bridge over the River Rother and entering East Sussex via Northiam, beyond which the road becomes very winding. After the village of Brede there is a steep descent to bridge the river of the same name. Next is Westfield, just before the road climbs to terminate at its junction with the A21 just north of Hastings.

Improvements
Work has continued to improve the A28 into the 21st century. In 2011 a new slip road was completed to connect the road to the A2 in Canterbury.

Junction list

References

Roads in England
Transport in the Borough of Ashford
Transport in East Sussex
Roads in Kent
City of Canterbury
Hastings

A28 road


Milenko "Mile" Ačimovič (pronunțat în [atɕǐːmoʋitɕ]; n. 15 februarie 1977) este un fost fotbalist sloven care a jucat ultima oară pentru Austria Viena ca mijlocaș. La 15 septembrie 2010, Ačimovič și-a încheiat cariera de fotbal în urma unei accidentări la genunchi.

Cariera
Născut din părinții sârbi din Ljubljana, Ačimovič și-a început cariera la echipele de tineret ale lui Železničar Ljubljana. El a jucat patru meciuri pentru echipa lui Železničar la vârsta de 18 ani. Din 1996 până în 1998 a marcat șapte goluri în 36 de meciuri pentru Olimpija. A ajuns apoi la Steaua Roșie Belgrad, unde a jucat timp de patru ani și jumătate. După mai multe meciuri bune jucate pentru echipa națională a Sloveniei la Euro 2000 și la Campionatul Mondial din 2002, mai multe cluburi europene mai mari și-au exprimat interesul pentru el. În vara lui 2002, a ajuns laTottenham Hotspur, unde a fost mai mult rezervă.

În ianuarie 2004, el s-a alăturat clubului francez Lille, unde a fost împrumutat până la sfârșitul sezonului. Când a sosit, clubul se afla pe locul 14 în Ligue 1, dar Ačimovič și-a ajutat echipa să termine pe locul al doilea, suficient pentru a se califica pentru Liga Campionilor. În anul următor, a jucat în a treia rundă de calificare a Ligii Campionilor, când Lille a ajuns în grupele ligii, cu Ačimovič marcând singurul gol al lui Lille în grupe în meciul cu Manchester United câștigat cu 1-0 de Lille la Paris.

La națională
Și-a anunțat retragerea din fotbalul internațional în luna august.

Referințe

Legături externe

 Profil NZS

Fotbaliști ai Campionatului Mondial de Fotbal 2002
Fotbaliști ai Tottenham Hotspur FC
Fotbaliști internaționali sloveni
Fotbaliști ai Premier League
Mijlocași
Fotbaliști sloveni
Nașteri în 1977
Sloveni în viață
Nașteri pe 15 februarie
Sportivi din secolul al XXI-lea

Milenko Ačimovič


The Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance was awarded between 1969 and 2011.

In 1969 it was awarded as Best Contemporary-Pop Performance, Instrumental
From 1970 to 1971 it was awarded as Best Contemporary Instrumental Performance
In 1972 it was awarded as Best Pop Instrumental Performance
In 1973 it was awarded as Best Pop Instrumental Performance by an Instrumental Performer
From 1974 to 1975 it was again awarded as Best Pop Instrumental Performance
From 1986 to 1989 it was awarded as Best Pop Instrumental Performance (Orchestra, Group or Soloist)
Since 1990 it has again been awarded as Best Pop Instrumental Performance
The award was discontinued from 2011 in a major overhaul of Grammy categories. From 2012, all instrumental performances in the pop category (solo or with a duo/group) were shifted to either the newly formed Best Pop Solo Performance or Best Pop Duo/Group Performance categories.

A similar award for Best Instrumental Performance was awarded from 1965 to 1968.  This was also in the pop field, but did not specify pop music.

Recipients

 Each year is linked to the article about the Grammy Awards held that year.

See also
 List of Grammy Award categories
 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Performance

References

External links
Official site of the Grammy Awards

Instrumental Performance
Awards disestablished in 2011
Awards established in 1969
Music-related lists


Georges-Victor Legros (* 28. Mai 1862 in Aubusson, Département Creuse; † 3. September 1940 in Montrichard, Département Loir-et-Cher) war Arzt in Montrichard und Mitglied der französischen Nationalversammlung von 1914 bis 1932.

Leben
Legros war ein Freund und Bewunderer des großen französischen Naturwissenschaftlers (Entomologen) und Schriftstellers Jean-Henri Fabre. Auf seinen Vorschlag beschloss die französische Nationalversammlung am 14. Juli 1914 ein Gesetz, aufgrund dessen Fabres Harmas in Sérignan-du-Comtat, Vaucluse vom Staat angekauft und dem Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle zu Eigentum übertragen wurde, das es bis heute verwaltet; den direkten Nachkommen Fabres wurde ein lebenslanges Nutzungsrecht eingeräumt. Fabres Tochter aus 1. Ehe, Aglaë, die ihren Vater bis zu seinem Tod 1915 versorgte, lebte dort bis 1931. Heute ist der Harmas als staatliches Museum dem Publikum geöffnet.

Legros war der erste Biograf  Fabres. Sein Buch 'La Vie de J.-H. Fabre, Naturaliste' (Librairie Delagrave Paris), erschien erstmals 1913 und danach in mehreren Auflagen; es ist eine der wichtigsten Quellen für Fabres Lebenslauf. Die englische Übersetzung von Bernard Miall erschien bereits 1913 unter dem Titel Fabre, Poet of Science bei T. Fisher Unwin, London.

Quellen
 Dictionnaire des parlementaires français, 1889-1940 (J.Joly), Tome VI, p. 2221.
 Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle:

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Mitglied der Nationalversammlung (Frankreich)
Franzose
Geboren 1862
Gestorben 1940
Mann

Georges-Victor Legros


Die Byrd Township ist eine von 10 Townships im Cape Girardeau County im Südosten des US-amerikanischen Bundesstaates Missouri.

Geografie
Die Byrd Township liegt am östlichen Abhang des Ozark-Plateaus zum Tal des Mississippi River, der rund 10 km weiter östlich die Grenze zu Illinois bildet.

Die Byrd Township liegt auf 37°23′28″ nördlicher Breite und 89°40′02″ westlicher Länge und erstreckt sich über 162,23 km².

Die Byrd Township grenzt innerhalb des  Cape Girardeau County im Norden an die Apple Creek Township, im Nordosten an die Shawnee Township, im Osten an die Randol Township, im Südosten an die Cape Girardeau Township, im Süden an die Hubble Township, im Südwesten an die Kinder Township und im Nordwesten an die Whitewater Township.

Verkehr
Durch den Osten der Township verläuft parallel zum Mississippi die Interstate 55, die die kürzeste Verbindung von St. Louis nach Memphis bildet. Im Nordosten der Township kreuzt der U.S. Highway 61, der ebenfalls parallel zum Mississippi verläuft. Durch die Byrd Township verlaufen außerdem die vom Mississippi nach Westen führenden Missouri State Routes 34 und 72.

Der nächstgelegene Flughafen ist der rund 25 km südöstlich gelegene Cape Girardeau Regional Airport in Cape Girardeau, der größten Stadt im County und Zentrum der Region an der Schnittstelle von Illinois und Missouri.

Bevölkerung
Bei der Volkszählung im Jahr 2010 hatte die Township 18.646 Einwohner. Die Bevölkerung der Township lebt überwiegend in der selbstständigen Gemeinde Jackson (mit dem Status "City"), wo sich auch der Verwaltungssitz des Countys befindet. Ein kleiner Teil lebt über die Township verstreut und in der gemeindefreien Siedlung ("Unincorporated Community") Fruitland, die aber überwiegend in der Randol Township liegt.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 www.city-data.com – Byrd Township

Byrd Township (Missouri)


Mate Ćurić (Korita (Tomislavgrad, BiH) 16. rujna 1955.) hrvatski publicist, novinar, novinski urednik, filmski kritičar i prozaik. Piše kratke priče za djecu i odrasle, eseje, romane i drame.

Životopis
Rođen u Koritima. U Bjelovaru završio osnovnu i srednju. U Zagrebu studirao književnost na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu. Diplomirao je bohemistiku i jugoslavistiku.
Život ga odvodi u Pulu u kojoj živi od 1978. godine. Prvo je radio u Istarskom narodnom kazalištu, potom u pulskim srednjim školama predavao književnost te u Marčani u OŠ Marčana. Početkom osamdesetih ulazi u književnost. Od 1983. je u novinarstvu. Radio je kao novinar u Glasu Istre, dnevnom listu iz Pule. Postao je afirmirano ime kao filmski kritičar i publicist. Dugogodišnji je urednik kulturne rubrike. Pisao za više časopisa.

Uređivao je istarski godišnjak "Jurina i Franina", Matici hrvatskoj Pula, suradnik Čakavskog sabora. Obnašao dužnost tajnika Matice hrvatske za Istru.
Uredio više knjiga proze i publicistike.

Književni početci su mu kratke priče za djecu i odrasle koje je objavio u godišnjaku "Jurini i Franini". U časopisu Pet i Kulturnom vjesniku u Puli objavio je književne eseje. U Glasu Istre, Novom listu, Istri, Novoj Istri, Battani i dr. neprekidno i sustavno je objavljivao književne, filmske i kazališne kritike. Ujedno je bio gotovo jedini kroničar tih zbivanja u Istri u razdoblju 1980. – 2000.  Spisateljski rad karakterizira mu ustrajanje na afirmaciji hrvatske jezične i književne tradicije i kulture. Nadahnuće je nalazio u rodnom zavičaju, bjelovarsko-bilogorskoj ravnici i multikulturalnosti.

Dionikom je brojnih kulturnih događanja u Istri, od kojih je mnoge pokrenuo. Član raznih komisija i sudačkih povjerenstava koji su imali priliku utjecati kojim će se putem razvijati hrvatska kultura i biće Poluotoka.

Suosnivač Sindikata novinara Hrvatske. Dvaput je uzastopno predsjedavao sudačkim vijećem za dodjelu nagrada HND-a (1991. i 1993.). Pokrenuo je biblioteku Nova Vukovaristika (književnost u izgnanstvu) 1993. s Vukovarcem Antom Duićem Dunjom, kroz Udrugu "Vukovar" u Puli, te biblioteke Ogledi i ogledala u Matici hrvatskoj Pula.

Knjiga Hrvarenje obuhvaća kolumne, kojima je zajednički motiv briga za nacionalnu i kulturnu sliku društva "koje nas drugim narodima i kulturama predstavlja kao jedinku, kao dio sveopćeg europskog zajedništva u kojemu Hrvatska ima svoje mjesto i gdje pripada". U pripremi za tisak mu je i novi roman o Domovinskom ratu.

Djela
 Marušići (monografija) Buje, 1987., monografija o KUD-u "Bratstvo" iz Marušići pored Buja
 Rađanje & obnavljanje (eseji, kritike, polemike) Matica hrvatska i Istarski ogranak DHK, Pula 1998., prva knjiga publicistike u Istri
 Povratak (roman), 2005., prilagođen i izveden na Trećem programu Hrvatskog radija
 Poljubac u leđa (drama), časopis «Rusan», Matica hrvatska, Bjelovar 2006., trebala biti izvedena u Istarskom narodnom kazalištu, ali je povučena.
 Kino Pistola (publicistika) Matica hrvatska, Pula 2010.
 Hrvarenje, izboru kolumni koje su od 2006. godine izlazile pod naslovom Ba(l)kanalije, a i kolumne Bestijarij i ISTRAjavanje u Glasu Istre, 2015.

Izvori

Životopisi, Tomislavgrad
Životopisi, Bjelovar
Životopisi, Pula
Hrvatski novinari
Hrvatski publicisti
Hrvatski esejisti
Hrvatski romanopisci
Hrvatski dramatici
Hrvatski filmski kritičari
Hrvatski kazališni kritičari
Hrvatski književni kritičari

Mate Ćurić


An Pycreus hildebrandtii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Charles Baron Clarke. An Pycreus hildebrandtii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pycreus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pycreus

Pycreus hildebrandtii


Joachim Mununga (* 30. November 1988 in Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve) ist ein ehemaliger belgischer Fußballspieler kongolesischer Abstammung.

Als Spieler
Kwame Mawuena erlernte das Fußballspielen in der Jugendabteilung von Standard Lüttich und später in der Jugendabteilung von RE Mouscron. 2006 wurde er bei AFC Tubize Profifußballer und spielte dort eine Saison. Anschließend wechselte er zur Spielzeit 2007/08 zum KV Mechelen. Nachdem er dort vier Jahre unter Vertrag stand, wechselte Mununga in der Winterpause der Saison 2010/11 zum türkischen Erstligisten Gençlerbirliği Ankara. Dort kam er nur zu sporadischen Einsätzen und konnte sich keinen Stammplatz erkämpfen. Deshalb wechselte er zur Saison 2012/13 zurück in seine Heimat Belgien zum Antwerpener Verein Beerschot AC. Doch schon ein Jahr später schloss er sich RAEC Mons an. Von 2014 bis 2016 spielte er beim israelischen Verein Maccabi Petach Tikwa. Anschließend wechselte er nach Italien zum AS Viterbese Castrense und beendete dort 2017 seine aktive Karriere.

Als Trainer
Seit dem 18. Oktober 2018 ist Mawuena Co-Trainer des belgischen Zweitligisten Oud-Heverlee Löwen. Vorher trainierte er schon die U-19 und war kurzzeitig Co-Trainer der Reservemannschaft des Vereins.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (AFC Tubize)
Fußballspieler (KV Mechelen)
Fußballspieler (Gençlerbirliği Ankara)
Fußballspieler (Germinal Beerschot)
Fußballspieler (RAEC Mons)
Fußballspieler (Maccabi Petach Tikwa)
Fußballspieler (AS Viterbese Castrense)
Belgier
Geboren 1988
Mann

Joachim Mununga


يوتلسات 5 غرب أ (اسمه السابق: أتلانتك بيرد 3) هو قمر صناعي مختص في مجال الاتصالات للشركة يوتلسات وموقعه 5 درجات غرب. ويقوم هذا القمر ببث قنوات التلفزة والراديو وغيرها من البيانات الرقمية. ودخل الخدمة التنفيذية في أوائل سبتمبر 2002. بنته ألكاتال سبيايس، وأصبحت ألكاتال ألينا سبيايس على منصة سبايس بيس 3000 B3. هذا القمر مزود ب 35 تردد إرسال وبث إذاعي في أوروبا وشمال إفريقيا والشرق الأوسط على النطاق الترددي كو (Ku). إضافة إلى 10 ترددات في النطاق الإرسالي C.
وأطلق يوم 5 يوليو 2002 في الساعة 23:21 بالتوقيت العالمي بواسطة الصاروخ آريان 5 من خلال مركز غويانا الفضائي مع القمر الصناعي الياباني N-STAR. وكانت تبلغ كتلته 4050 كيلوغرام، والمدة المقدرة لعمره هي 12 عام.

التاريخ
صنع هذا القمر (70% فرانس تيليكوم و30% أوروب ستار) وأطلق من قبل ستايلات تحت اسم ستايلات 5.

التاسع من يوليو سنة 2002، أجريت اتفاقية بين فرانس تيليكوم ويوتلسات لبيع ستايلات للمشغل الأوروبي.

في بداية شهر سبتمبر 2002، دخل القمر الصناعي في الخدمة التشغيلية.

في 25 سبتمبر 2002، يوتلسات أنهت المشروع بمبلغ 183.9 مليون يورو، ,استبدلت اسم القمر بأتلانتك بيرد 3.

الاستبدال بقمر صناعي آخر في خريف عام 2019
يتم استبدال القمر الصناعي يوتلسات 5 غرب آي بقمر صناعي جديد ، هو يوتلسات 5 غرب بي ، الذي تم إطلاقه في أكتوبر 2019.

القمر الصناعي يوتلسات 5 غرب آي - لن يتم إبعاده أو وضعه في مدار جبانة بعد استبداله بقمر يوتلسات 5 غرب بي. وسيظل قيد التشغيل في موقعه الحالي لمهام أخرى.

مصادر

أقمار اصطناعية
أقمار اصطناعية للاتصالات
أقمار اصطناعية ثابتة للاتصالات في مدار الأرض

يوتلسات 5 غرب أ


Lissarrague est un patronyme porté notamment par :

 Barbara Lissarrague (1966-), cavalière franco-suisse d'endurance ;
 Christian Lissarrague (1957-), chanteur de groupes de rock bordelais ;
 François Lissarrague (1947-2021), historien et anthropologue français ;
 Pierre Lissarrague (1920-2008), aviateur français ;
 Roger Lissarrague (1943-), footballeur français.

Lissarrague


This is a complete list of dukes and kings of Croatia () under domestic ethnic and elected dynasties during the Croatian Kingdom (925–1918). This article follows the monarch's title number according to Hungarian succession for convenience. For example, the Hungarian monarch Béla IV is according to Croatian succession correctly titled Béla III. This is because Hungarians had a king named Béla prior to the incorporation of Croatia under the Hungarian Crown but the Croats did not.

Early history

The details of the arrival of the Croats in the Balkans are sparsely documented by more or less reliable historical sources. Around late 6th and early 7th century, Croats migrated from White Croatia (around present-day Galicia). According to a legend recorded in the 10th-century De Administrando Imperio, the Croats came to their present region under the leadership of five brothers (called Kloukas, Lobelos, Kosentzis, Mouchlo, and Chrobatos) and of two sisters (called Touga and Bouga).

It is theorized that one of the brothers, Chrobatos () gave his name to the Croats () as a whole, although mainstream historians dismiss this notion as not verifiable. The Croats started gradually converting to Christianity under the rule of Porga in the 7th century.

Dukes of Lower Pannonia (7th century–896)

The areas of modern-day Croatia located in the Pannonian plain had also been settled by Slavic tribes in the early Middle Ages, and history recorded some of their rulers.

Dukes of Croatia (7th century–925)

Slavic tribes known as the Croats settled to areas of present-day Croatia around the beginning of the 7th century, and their rulers started to be recorded in historical records in the late 8th century.

Kings of Croatia (925–1102)

In his letter from 925, Pope John X refers to Tomislav I of Trpimirović dynasty as Rex Chroatorum (King of the Croats). All Croatian rulers after Tomislav I held the title of King of Croatia. This is confirmed by epigraphic inscription mentioning the earliest known Croatian queen (regina) Domaslava dated to first half of 10th century.

Under the Hungarian Crown (1102–1527)

From 1102, the reigning King of Hungary was also the ruler of the Kingdom of Croatia in agreement with the Croatian nobles. Croatia was governed on his behalf by a viceroy (ban) and a parliament (sabor). In 1409 Ladislaus of Naples sold his rights to Dalmatia to Republic of Venice for 100,000 ducats.

Under the Habsburg monarchy (1527–1918)

On 1 January 1527, the Croatian Parliament met in Cetin to elect Ferdinand I of Habsburg as the new King of Croatia. The Habsburg monarchy had annexed the lands of Dalmatia after the Napoleonic War of the First Coalition. The Kingdom of Dalmatia was a crown land of the Austrian Empire (1815–1867) and the Cisleithanian half of Austria-Hungary (1867–1918).

Kings of Yugoslavia (1918–1945)

After the World War I and the breakup of Austria-Hungary, Croatia joined a newly formed State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Following a brief period of self-rule, that state became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes under the Karađorđević dynasty. The name of the kingdom was changed in 1929, amid unitarianist reforms, to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. After the Treaty of Rapallo in 1920 Istria and parts of Dalmatia were annexed to Kingdom of Italy. In 1941, Croatia was occupied by the Axis powers along with the rest of Yugoslavia. The Independent State of Croatia was set as a puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

King of the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1943)
During the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia, a puppet state under Italian protection called the Independent State of Croatia was created, with Ante Pavelić as its leader. Soon after its creation, the state government passed three laws on the creation of the Crown of Zvonimir, which made the country de jure a kingdom. Three days later the Treaties of Rome were signed. The Italian Prince Aimone of Savoy-Aosta was designated King of Croatia. Numerous Adriatic islands and a portion of Dalmatia were annexed by Italy, which all combined to become the Italian Governonate of Dalmatia. On September 10, 1943 Independent State of Croatia declared that the Treaties of Rome were null and void and annexed the portion of Dalmatia that had been ceded to Italy.

After WWII

 List of heads of state of Yugoslavia (1945–1991)
 List of presidents of Croatia (1991–present)
 List of prime ministers of Croatia (1991–present)

Gallery

"Duke of Croatia"
The title Duke of Croatia has been used widely:
The Doges of Venice used it, with Byzantine approval, from c. 1100, when Hungary was in the process of absorbing the Kingdom of Croatia, until the Treaty of Zadar with Hungary in 1358.
The Dukes of Merania, whose territory bordered Croatia, were sometimes called Dukes of Croatia in contemporary chronicles.
Various Hungarian noblemen granted authority in the South Slav lands added Croatia to their title of Duke of Slavonia in the 13th and 14th centuries.

See also

Ban of Croatia
Ban of Slavonia
 List of rulers of Austria
 Croatian Parliament
 History of Croatia
 Timeline of Croatian history

References

External links
 Monarchs of Croatia from Everything2
 The History Files: Kingdoms of Eastern Europe: Croatia
 WHKMLA History of Croatia, ToC
 Rulers of Croatia and Slavonia
 List of Croatian rulers PDF, University of Michigan

 List of Croatian Heads of State

Kingdom of Croatia

Croatia
Dukes and kings
Dukes and kings

List of dukes and kings of Croatia


Archean යනු භූගෝලීය කාල පරාසයේ දෙවන යුගය වේ.

ආශ්‍රිත

පාදසටහන්

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැඳි

Precambrian geochronology

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