Jean-Luc Nancy ( , ; 26 July 1940 – 23 August 2021) was a French philosopher. Nancy's first book, published in 1973, was Le titre de la lettre (The Title of the Letter, 1992), a reading of the work of French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, written in collaboration with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe. Nancy is the author of works on many thinkers, including La remarque spéculative in 1973 (The Speculative Remark, 2001) on Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Le Discours de la syncope (1976) and L'Impératif catégorique (1983) on Immanuel Kant, Ego sum (1979) on René Descartes, and Le Partage des voix (1982) on Martin Heidegger.

In addition to Le titre de la lettre, Nancy collaborated with Lacoue-Labarthe on several other books and articles. Nancy is credited with helping to reopen the question of the ground of community and politics with his 1985 work La communauté désoeuvrée (The Inoperative Community), following Blanchot's The Unavowable Community (1983) and Agamben responded to both with  The Coming Community (1990). One of the very few monographs that Jacques Derrida ever wrote on a contemporary philosopher is On Touching, Jean-Luc Nancy.

Biography
Jean-Luc Nancy graduated in philosophy in 1962 from the University of Paris. He taught for a short while in Colmar before becoming an assistant at the Strasbourg Institut de Philosophie in 1968. In 1973, he received his doctorate with a dissertation on Kant under the supervision of Paul Ricœur. Nancy was then promoted to Maître de conférences (associate professor) at the Université des Sciences Humaines de Strasbourg. In the 1970s and 1980s, Nancy was a guest professor at universities all over the world, from the University of California to the Freie Universität in Berlin. He has been invited as a cultural delegate of the French Ministry of External Affairs to speak in Eastern Europe, Britain and the United States. In 1987, Nancy became a Docteur d'État at the  Université de Toulouse-Le-Mirail for a thesis on freedom in Heidegger under the supervision of Gérard Granel. The jury was composed of Jean-François Lyotard and Jacques Derrida. It was published as L'expérience de la liberté (1988).

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Nancy suffered serious medical problems. He underwent a heart transplant and his recovery was made more difficult by a long-term cancer diagnosis. He stopped teaching and participating in almost all of the committees with which he was engaged, but continued to write. Many of his best known texts were published during this time. An account of his experience, L'intrus (The Intruder), was published in 2000. Nancy was a professor at the University of Strasbourg. Nancy was also Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Chair and Professor of Philosophy at The European Graduate School.

Filmmaker Claire Denis has made at least two movies inspired by Jean-Luc Nancy and his works. Many other artists have worked with Nancy as well, such as Simon Hantaï, Soun-gui Kim and Phillip Warnell. Nancy has written about the filmmaker Abbas Kiarostami and featured prominently in the film The Ister.

Nancy died on 23 August 2021 at the age of 81.

Major works

Les Fins de l'homme
In 1980, Nancy and Lacoue-Labarthe organized a conference at Centre culturel international de Cerisy-la-Salle on Derrida and politics entitled "Les Fins de l'homme" ("The Ends of Man"). The conference solidified Derrida's place at the forefront of contemporary philosophy, and was a place to begin an in-depth conversation between philosophy and contemporary politics. Further to their desire to rethink the political, Nancy and Lacoue-Labarthe set up in the same year the Centre de Recherches Philosophiques sur la Politique (Centre for Philosophical Research on the Political). The centre was dedicated to pursuing philosophical rather than empirical approaches to political questions, and supported such speakers as Claude Lefort and Jean-François Lyotard. By 1984, however, Nancy and Lacoue-Labarthe were dissatisfied with the direction work at the centre was taking, and it was closed down.

During that period Lacoue-Labarthe and Nancy produced several important papers, together and separately. Some of these texts appear in Les Fins de l'homme à partir du travail de Jacques Derrida: colloque de Cerisy, 23 juillet-2 août 1980 (1981), Rejouer le politique (1981), La retrait du politique (1983), and Le mythe nazi (1991, revised edition; originally published as Les méchanismes du fascisme, 1981). Many of these texts are gathered in translation in Retreating the Political (1997).

La Communauté désœuvrée
Nancy's first book on the question of community, La Communauté désœuvrée (The Inoperative Community, 1986), is perhaps his best-known work. This text is an introduction to some of the main philosophical themes Nancy continued to work with. Nancy traces the influence of the notion of community to concepts of experience, discourse, and the individual, and argues that it has dominated modern thought. Discarding popular notions, Nancy redefines community, asking what can it be if it is reduced neither to a collection of separate individuals, nor to a hypostasized communal substance, e.g., fascism. He writes that our attempt to design society according to pre-planned definitions frequently leads to social violence and political terror, posing the social and political question of how to proceed with the development of society with this knowledge in mind. La Communauté désœuvrée means that community is not the result of a production, be it social, economic or even political (nationalist) production; it is not une œuvre, a "work of art" ("œuvre d'art", but "art" is here understood in the sense of "artifice").

L'Expérience de la liberté
Nancy's dissertation for his Doctorat d'État looked at the works of Kant, Schelling, Sartre and Heidegger, and concentrated on their treatment of the topic of freedom. It was published in 1988 as L'Expérience de la Liberté (The Experience of Freedom). Since then, Nancy has continued to concentrate on developing a reorientation of Heidegger's work. Nancy treats freedom as a property of the individual or collectivity, and looks for a "non-subjective" freedom which would attempt to think the existential or finite origin for every freedom. Nancy argues that it is necessary to think freedom in its finite being, because to think of it as the property of an infinite subject is to make any finite being a limit of freedom. The existence of the other is the necessary condition of freedom, rather than its limitation.

Le sens du monde
Nancy addresses the world in its contemporary global configuration in other writings on freedom, justice and sovereignty. In his 1993 book Le sens du monde (The Sense of the World), he asks what we mean by saying that we live in one world, and how our sense of the world is changed by saying that it is situated within the world, rather than above or apart from it. To Nancy, the world, or existence, is our ontological responsibility, which precedes political, judicial and moral responsibility. He describes our being in the world as an exposure to a naked existence, without the possibility of support by a fundamental metaphysical order or cause. Contemporary existence no longer has recourse to a divine framework, as was the case in feudal society where the meaning and course of life was predetermined. The contingency of our naked existence as an ontological question is the main challenge of our existence in contemporary global society.

All of these themes relating to world are taken up again by Nancy in his 2002 book La création du monde ou la mondialisation (The Creation of the World or Globalization), where he makes the distinction between globalization as a deterministic process and mondialisation as an open-ended "world-forming" process. Here, he connects his critique with Marx's critique of political economy, which saw "free labour" as what produces the world. Nancy argues that an authentic "dwelling" in the world must be concerned with the creation of meaning (enjoyment) and not final purposes, closed essences, and exclusive worldviews. The present system of expanding cities and nodes in the planetary techno-scientific network (tied to capitalism) leads to the loss of world, because the world is treated as an object (globe), even though the self-deconstruction of ontotheology increasingly made it the "subject" of its own creation.

Être singulier pluriel
In his book Être singulier pluriel (Being Singular Plural, 2000), Nancy tackles the question of how we can speak of a plurality of a "we" without making the "we" a singular identity. The premise of the title essay in this book is that there is no being without "being-with," that "I" does not come before "we" (i.e., Dasein does not precede Mitsein) and that there is no existence without co-existence. In an extension from his thoughts on freedom, community, and the sense of the world, he imagines the "being-with" as a mutual exposure to one another that preserves the freedom of the "I", and thus a community that is not subject to an exterior or pre-existent definition.

The five essays that follow the title piece continue to develop Nancy's philosophy through discussions of sovereignty, war and technology, ecotechnics, identity, the Gulf War and Sarajevo. Nancy's central concern in these essays remains the "being-with", which he uses to discuss issues of psychoanalysis, politics and multiculturalism, looking at notions of "self" and "other" in current contexts.

Artistic analysis
Nancy has also written for art catalogues and international art journals, especially on contemporary art. He also writes poetry and for the theatre and has earned respect as an influential philosopher of art and culture. In his book Les Muses published in 1994 (The Muses, 1996), he begins with an analysis of Hegel's thesis on the death of art. Among the essays in The Muses is a piece on Caravaggio, originally a lecture given at the Louvre. In this essay, Nancy looks for a different conception of painting where painting is not a representation of the empirical world, but a presentation of the world, of sense, or of existence. Nancy has published books on film and music, as well as texts on the problem of representation, on the statute of literature, on image and violence, and on the work of On Kawara, Charles Baudelaire, and Friedrich Hölderlin.

Film theory
Nancy's text L'intrus formed the basis for French director Claire Denis's film of the same name.

He has written extensively on film, including The Evidence of Film, a short work on Abbas Kiarostami.

Nancy appears in the film The Ister, based on Martin Heidegger's 1942 lectures on Friedrich Hölderlin's poem "Der Ister" (published as Hölderlin's Hymn "The Ister"). The film focuses on the relation of politics, technology and myth.

Nancy has developed three films in conjunction with artist-filmmaker Phillip Warnell. He appears in their 2009 film Outlandish: 'Strange Foreign Bodies', which also features a text he wrote specifically for the project, Étranges Corps Étrangers. Nancy contributed a poem, 'Oh The Animals of Language' to Warnell's 2014 feature-length film 'Ming of Harlem: Twenty One Storeys in the Air'. Warnell and Nancy worked on a new text-film collaboration which was completed in 2017, 'The Flying Proletarian'.

Bibliography

Titles in French
 La Remarque spéculative (Un bon mot de Hegel). Paris: Galilée, 1973.
 La titre de la lettre. Paris: Galilée, 1973 (with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe).
 Le Discours de la syncope. I. Logodaedalus. Paris: Flammarion, 1975.
 L'absolu littéraire. Théorie de la littérature du romantisme allemand. Paris: Seuil, 1978 (with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe).
 Ego sum. Paris: Flammarion, 1979.
 Les Fins de l'homme à partir du travail de Jacques Derrida: colloque de Cerisy, 23 juillet-2 août 1980. 1981 (ed., with Lacoue-Labarthe).
 Rejouer le politique. 1981 (ed., with Lacoue-Labarthe).
 Le partage des voix. Paris: Galilée, 1982.
 La retrait du politique. 1983 (ed., with Lacoue-Labarthe).
 La communauté désoeuvrée. Paris: Christian Bourgois, 1983.
 L'Impératif catégorique. Paris: Flammarion, 1983.
 L'oubli de la philosophie. Paris: Galilée, 1986.
 Des lieux divins. Mauvezin: T.E.R, 1987.
 L'expérience de la liberté. Paris: Galilée, 1988.
 Une Pensée finie. Paris: Galilée, 1990.
 Le poids d'une pensée. Québec: Le griffon d'argile, 1991.
 Le mythe nazi. La tour d'Aigues: L'Aube, 1991 (with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, revised edition; originally published as Les méchanismes du fascisme, 1981).
 La comparution (politique à venir). Paris: Bourgois, 1991 (with Jean-Chrisophe Bailly).
 Corpus. Paris: Métailié, 1992.
 Le sens du monde. Paris: Galilée, 1993.
 Les Muses. Paris: Galilée, 1994.
 Être singulier pluriel. Paris: Galilée, 1996.
 Hegel. L'inquiétude du négatif. Paris: Hachette, 1997.
 L'Intrus. Paris: Galilée, 2000.
 Le regard du portrait. Paris: Galilée, 2000.
 Conloquium, in Roberto Esposito, Communitas. trad. de Nadine Le Lirzin, Paris: PUF, 2000.
 La pensée dérobée. Paris: Galilée, 2001.
 The evidence of film. Bruxelles: Yves Gevaert, 2001.
 La création du monde ou la mondialisation. Paris: Galilée, 2002.
 À l'écoute. Paris: Galilée, 2002.
 Nus sommes. La peau des images. Paris: Klincksieck, 2003 (with Federico Ferrari).
 Noli me tangere. Paris: Bayard, 2003.
 "L'extension de l'âme". Metz: Le Portique, 2003.
 "Lil y a' du rapport sexuel". Paris: Galilée, 2003.
 La déclosion (Déconstruction du Christianisme 1). Paris: Galilée, 2005.
 Sur le commerce des pensées: Du livre et de la librairie. Paris: Galilée, 2005.
 Iconographie de l'auteur. Paris: Galilée, 2005 (with Federico Ferrari).
 Tombe de sommeil. Paris: Galilée, 2007.
 Juste impossible. Paris: Bayard, 2007.
 À plus d'un titre: Jacques Derrida. Paris: Galilée, 2007.
 Vérité de la democratie. Paris: Galilée, 2008.
 Le poids d'une pensée, l'approche. Strasbourg: La Phocide, 2008.
 Je t'aime, un peu, beaucoup, passionnément.... Paris: Bayard Centurion, 2008.
 Démocratie, dans quel état ?, with Giorgio Agamben, Alain Badiou, Daniel Bensaïd, Wendy Brown, Jacques Rancière, Kristin Ross and Slavoj Žižek, La Fabrique, 2009.
 L'Adoration, Paris, Galilée, 2010.
 Atlan : les détrempes, Paris, Hazan, 2010.
 À Vengeance ? de Robert Antelme, in Robert Antelme, Vengeance ?. Hermann, 2010.
 La Ville au loin. Strasbourg: La Phocide, 2011.
 Maurice Blanchot, passion politique. Paris: Galilée, 2011.
 Politique et au-delà. Interview with Philipp Armstrong and Jason E. Smith, Paris: Galilée, 2011.
 Dans quels mondes vivons-nous?, with Aurélien Barrau, Paris: Galilée, 2011.
 L'Équivalence des catastrophes (Après Fukushima), Paris: Galilée, 2012.
 La Possibilité d'un monde, Paris: Les petits platons, 2013.
 Jamais le mot "créateur"..., with Simon Hantaï, Paris, Galilée, 2013.
 L'Autre Portrait, Paris, Galilée, 2013.
 Être singulier pluriel, nouvelle édition augmentée, Paris, Galilée, 2013.
 Le Philosophe boiteux, Le Havre, Franciscopolis/Presses du réel, 2014.
 La Jouissance. Questions de caractère, with Adèle Van Reeth, Paris, Plon, 2014.
 La Communauté désavouée, Paris, Galilée, 2014.
 Inventions à deux voix. Entretiens, with Danielle Cohen-Levinas, Paris, Éditions du Félin, 2015.
 Proprement dit : Entretien sur le mythe, with Mathilde Girard, Paris, Lignes, 2015.
 Journal des Phéniciennes, Paris, Christian Bourgois, 2015.
 Banalité de Heidegger, Paris, Galilée, 2015.
 Demande : Littérature et philosophie, Paris, Galilée, 2015.
 Entretien sur le christianisme (Paris, 2008), with Bernard Stiegler and Alain Jugnon, in: Bernard Stiegler, Dans la disruption : Comment ne pas devenir fou ?, Paris, Les Liens qui Libèrent, 2016.
 Que faire ?, Paris, Galilée, 2016.
 Signaux sensibles, entretien à propos des arts, with Jérôme Lèbre, Paris, Bayard, 2017.
 La Tradition allemande dans la philosophie, with Alain Badiou, Paris, Éditions Lignes, 2017.
 Sexistence, Paris, Galilée, 2017.
 Exclu le Juif en nous, Paris, Galilée, 2018.
 Hegel, l'inquiétude du négatif, Paris, Galilée, 2018.
 Derrida, suppléments, Paris, Galilée, 2019.
 La peau fragile du monde, Paris, Galilée, 2020.
 Mascarons de Macron, Paris, Galilée, 2021.
 Cruor, Paris, Galilée, 2021.

English translations
 The Literary Absolute: The Theory of Literature in German Romanticism. With Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe. Albany: SUNY Press, 1988.
 The Inoperative Community. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991.
 The Title of the Letter: A Reading of Lacan. With Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe. Albany: SUNY Press, 1992.
 The Birth to Presence. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993.
 The Experience of Freedom. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993.
 The Muses. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.
 The Gravity of Thought. New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1997.
 Retreating the Political. With Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe; edited by Simon Sparks. London: Routledge, 1997.
 The Sense of the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.
 Being Singular Plural. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.
 The Speculative Remark: One of Hegel's Bons Mots. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
 Hegel: The Restlessness of the Negative. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
 A Finite Thinking. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003
 The Ground of the Image. New York: Fordham University Press, 2005.
 Multiple Arts (The Muses II). Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006.
 The Creation of the World or Globalization. Albany: SUNY Press, 2007.
 Listening. New York: Fordham University Press, 2007.
 The Discourse of the Syncope: Logodaedalus. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007.
 Dis-Enclosure: The Deconstruction of Christianity. New York: Fordham University Press, 2008.
 Philosophical Chronicles (Perspectives in Continental Philosophy). New York: Fordham University Press, 2008.
 Noli Me Tangere: On the Raising of the Body. New York: Fordham University Press, 2008.
 Corpus. New York: Fordham University Press, 2008.
 On the Commerce of Thinking: On Books and Bookstores. New York: Fordham University Press, 2009.
 The Fall of Sleep. New York: Fordham University Press, 2009.
 The Truth of Democracy. New York: Fordham University Press, 2010.
 God, Justice, Love, Beauty: Four Little Dialogues.  New York: Fordham University Press, 2011.
 In Place of Utopia. In Existential Utopia: New Perspectives on Utopian Thought. New York & London: Continuum, 2012.Adoration: The Deconstruction of Christianity II. New York: Fordham University Press, 2012.The Pleasure in Drawing. New York: Fordham University Press, 2013.
 Being Nude. The Skin of Images. With Federico Ferrari; New York: Fordham University Press, 2014.
 The Disavowed Community. New York: Fordham University Press, 2016.
 Foreword of Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics, London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.
 Dies Irae. London: University of Westminster Press, 2019.
 "A Passing." New York: Contra Mundum Press, 2020. Introduction to Marguerite Duras, The Darkroom.
 Sexistence. New York: Fordham University Press, 2021.

See also
List of thinkers influenced by deconstruction

 References

Further reading
 Alexandrova, Alena, ed. Re-treating Religion: Deconstructing Christianity with Jean-Luc Nancy. New York: Fordham University Press, 2012.
 Armstrong, Phillip. Reticulations: Jean-Luc Nancy and the Networks of the Political. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009.
 Deconstruction and Anastasis, Mohan, Shaj, Qui Parle (2022) 31 (2): 339–344, https://doi.org/10.1215/10418385-10052375
And the Beginning of Philosophy, Mohan, Shaj, Philosophy World Democracy
 Derrida, Jacques. On Touching, Jean-Luc Nancy. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005.
"Nancy's Wager", Dwivedi, Divya, Philosophy World Democracy.
 Garrido, Juan Manuel. Chances de la pensée – À partir de Jean-Luc Nancy, París: Galilée, "La Philosophie en effet", 2011.
 Garrido, Juan Manuel. "The Poetry of the World," in Diacritics, Vol 43 (4), pp. 52–64, 2016.
 Garrido, Juan Manuel. "La poésie du monde", in Po&sie, n. 149–159, 3ème et 4ème trim. 2014, pp. 233–238.
 Garrido, Juan Manuel. "Jean-Luc Nancy's Concept of Body", Epoché - A Journal for the History of Philosophy, Volume 14, Issue 1 (Fall 2009), 189–211.
 Garrido, Juan Manuel."Le corps insacrifiable", Europe, París, 2009, 277–283.
 Garrido, Juan Manuel. "La mutation infinie du sens", Les Cahiers Philosophiques de Strasbourg, 42, 2017.
 Hörl, Erich. 'The Artificial Intelligence of Sense. The History of Sense and Technology After Jean-Luc Nancy (by way of Simondon).' In: Parrhesia, no. 17, 2013, pp. 11–24.
 Hutchens, B. C. Jean-Luc Nancy and the Future of Philosophy. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005.
  Hutchens, B. C., ed. Jean-Luc Nancy: Justice, Legality, and World. New York: Continuum, 2012.
 James, Ian. The Fragmentary Demand: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Jean-Luc Nancy. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006.
 Kamuf, Peggy, ed. On the Work of Jean-Luc Nancy: A Special Issue of Paragraph. Nov. 1992.
 Martin, Jean-Clet, ed. Sens en tous sens, (with Jean-Luc Nancy, Alain Badiou, Jacques Derrida...), Paris, Galilée, 2004.
 Mohan, Shaj, "The Marvelous Births of Jean-Luc Nancy ", European Journal of Psychoanalysis
 Morin, Marie-Eve. Jean-Luc Nancy. Cambridge: Polity, 2012.
 Sparks, Simon, ed. On Jean-Luc Nancy: The Sense of Philosophy. London: Routledge, 1997.
 Tuppini, Tommaso. Jean-Luc Nancy. Le forme della comunicazione. Roma: Carocci 2012.
 At the Heart: of Jean-Luc Nancy. A Special Issue of The New Centennial Review, Vol. 2, no.3, Fall 2002.

External links
Jean-Luc Nancy article at Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
The Grace of Jean-Luc Nancy, tributes by friends and colleagues on Philosophy World Democracy
"The End of Philosophy and the Task of Thinking" by Jean-Luc Nancy
"La fin de la philosophie et la tâche de la pensée" by Jean-Luc Nancy
On Communism, by Nancy.
Demosophia by Jean-Luc Nancy
Jean-Luc Nancy. Between Story and Truth. In: Little Mag. July / August 2001.
Emmanuel Alloa. The real outside is at the heart of the inside. Interview. Atopia. 2007.
Jean-Luc Nancy. The Technique of the Present. Lecture. Nouveau Musée. January 1997.
David Patrick. .
 Adam Kotsko. Already, Not Yet. Review of La Déclosion: Déconstruction du christianisme. Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory. Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 87–95, Fall 2005.
 Jean-Luc Nancy. Interview with Jean-Luc Nancy in two parts, by Florian Forestier
 — Second part of the interview
Federico Ferrari and Jean-Luc Nancy (translated by Filippo Pietrogrande). What is Deconstruction? An Interview with Jean-Luc Nancy''. Derrida Today. Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 236–253, November 2020.

1940 births
2021 deaths
University of Toulouse-Jean Jaurès alumni
Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg
Academic staff of European Graduate School
French historians of philosophy
Phenomenologists
Philosophers of technology
20th-century French philosophers
21st-century French writers
Poststructuralists
Heidegger scholars
French male writers
21st-century French philosophers
University of Paris alumni

Jean-Luc Nancy


كوكا (من اللغة البرتغالية) هي أنثى المارد البرازيلي من التراث الشعبي. وهي التمساح القبيح القديم الذي يأكل الأطفال. وثمة شعبية كبيرة في البرازيل عن التهويدة وهي :

نم ياصغيري،
لأن كوكا يريد ان ياخذك
الاب اذهب إلى الحديقة
تأتي عودة المومياء

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 Picture of Cuca in the TV program Sítio do Picapau Amarelo

بعابع
أساطير أمريكية جنوبية
أساطير برازيلية
أساطير في الأمريكتين
أشباح
تغيير الشكل
تنانين
تراث شعبي إسباني
تراث شعبي برازيلي
تراث شعبي برتغالي
تراث شعبي كولومبي
تراث شعبي مكسيكي
مخلوقات أسطورية لأوروبا العصور الوسطى
موروثات شعبية خارقة للطبيعة
وحوش أسطورية

كوكا (تراث شعبي)


CNBLUE (hangul: 씨엔블루) es una banda de pop rock surcoreana formada en 2009. La banda está compuesta por Jung Yong-hwa (líder, guitarra, voz principal, rap), Kang Min-hyuk (batería), y Lee Jung-shin (bajo). El primer bajista, Kwon Kwang-jin, dejó la banda después de publicar el extended play debut japonés Now or Never en 2009, y fue reemplazado por Lee Jung-shin. Lee Jonghyun dejó la banda en 2019. CN es la inicial de Code Name (Nombre en clave), mientras que BLUE es un retroacrónimo para burning, lovely, untouchable y emotional (ardiente, encantador, intocable, y emocional); que representan la imagen de Jong-hyun Min-hyuk, Jung-shin y Yong-hwa, respectivamente.

Debutaron oficialmente como banda Indie el 19 de agosto de 2009 en Japón con el primer mini álbum de la banda llamado Now or Never, cuyas canciones eran todas en inglés. El día anterior a su debut en Corea, la banda tuvo su primer encuentro con los fanes. El 14 de enero de 2010  debutaron con su primer mini álbum con el sencillo I'm a Loner, el cual creó un escándalo ante un supuesto plagio.
La banda de K-Rock debutó en vivo en el KBS Music Bank el 15 de enero de 2009.
El grupo viajó a América del Sur, junto con algunos de los más populares grupos de K-Pop para participar en el "Music Bank En Chile" de la KBS. Esta fue la primera vez que tocaron en América del Sur y su segunda actuación en la gira "BlueMoon World Tour". La banda tocó en Chile el 2 de noviembre de 2012 en la Quinta Vergara, Viña del Mar.

Historia

Debut en Japón
La primera presentación en vivo de CNBLUE tuvo lugar en Tokio, Japón, en la entrada de la Estación de Shinjuku, a principios de 2009; fue una de al menos otras 20 actuaciones de bandas en la zona. A mediados de junio de 2009, comenzaron a presentarse en las calles y en clubes. Formalmente debutaron el 19 de agosto de 2009 con el Now or Never. El miniálbum fue grabado completamente en inglés, y entró en el gráfico Oricon singles Chart. A finales de septiembre, su bajista original Kwon Kwang-jin dejó la banda y fue reemplazado por Lee Jung-shin. Su segundo extended play Voice fue lanzado en noviembre. Grabado en inglés y japonés el sencillo Voice alcanzó su punto máximo en el número 227 por dos semanas. El guitarrista Lee describió las banda independientes en el país como "difíciles, pero igual de gratificantes"

Debut en Corea del Sur
Se reveló en enero de 2010, que CNBLUE debutarpia oficialmente en Corea del Sur con el miniálbum Bluetory el 14 de enero de 2010. También fueron anunciados los teasers que hicieron los 4 miembros. El 7 de enero, el teaser del MV fue dado a conocer en su página oficial, presentando a la banda formada por el líder Jung YongHwa, con la nueva canción de la banda 'I'M A LONER'. El teaser de Kang MinHyuk salió el 8 de enero. El 11 y 13 de enero los teasers de Lee JungShin y Lee JongHyun se publicaron respectivamente.

La canción fue un inmediato éxito comercial y la banda tuvo su primer espectáculo de música en Music Bank el 29 de enero y en Inkigayo el 31 de enero. CNBLUE celebró el récord de alcanzar el número uno en programas de música surcoreanos en el menor tiempo desde el debut, obteniendo su primer triunfo sólo 15 días después de debutar con "'I'm a loner". La banda debutó en el reality show CNBLUEtory, en Mnet el 10 de marzo.

2011: Éxito en Corea y Japón

El 9 de enero, CNBLUE lanzó su tercer sencillo japonés, "'Re-Maintenance". Su gira de promoción en Japón visitó 4 ciudades: Osaka, Fukuoka, Nagoya y Tokio.

FNC Entertainment lanzó teasers para el regreso de CNBLUE en febrero de 2011, sin embargo la fecha de lanzamiento se postergo hasta el 21 de marzo.

Con el lanzamiento de su primer álbum First Step y el sencillo "Intuition" ganaron un total de 7 espectáculo de música, con tres victorias cada uno en M! Count down y Music Bank, marcando así la primera vez que la banda obtenía la "triple corona". Su álbum también encabezó las listas de ventas físicas de álbumes en línea durante la semana. Ganaron los K-Chart una semana después de su regreso en Mnet, KBS Music Bank y una semana después en SBS Inkigayo.

Después de terminar las promociones en Corea, reaparecieron en Japón con el lanzamiento de su segundo y último álbum indie "392" el 1 de septiembre de 2011. También anunciaron que iban a redebutar en Japón bajo el sello discográfico Japón Warner. La banda lanzó su sencillo debut "In My Head" el 19 de octubre de 2011 y alcanzó el puesto 3 º en el Oricon diario gráfico y cuarto en el gráfico semanal Oricon con 70.000 + vendidos en su primera semana. En noviembre, "In My Head" ganó una acreditación de disco de oro según la RIAJ, lo que significa que el álbum vendió más de 100.000 copias en un mes de salir a la venta.

Jung Yong Hwa y Kang Min Hyuk alcanzaron popularidad por la serie Heartstrings de la cual grabaron el ost oficial y que logró fanes en todo el mundo.

2012- Actuación, Ear Fun y Code Name Blue

La banda lanzó un nuevo sencillo en Japón el 1 de febrero , titulado " Where You Are ". El sencillo alcanzó el número 1 en el Oricon diario y el gráfico semanal , lo que los convirtió en el N º 1 de ventas en el país nipón.

CNBLUE y sus compañeros de sello F.T. Island realizaron un concierto en Estados Unidos por primera vez en Los Ángeles el 9 de marzo.

El 26 de marzo, la banda lanzó su tercer miniálbum coreano, Ear Fun. Los sencillos del álbum, "Still in Love" (en coreano : 아직 사랑한다 ) se publicó el 16 de marzo antes de la publicación del álbum y la canción " Hey You ", ambas canciones recibieron respuestas positivas por parte del público que rápidamente se posicionaron.  "Still in Love" alcanzó el puesto N º 3 , mientras que " Hey You " alcanzó el número 1 en Corea del gráfico semanal nacional.

Después de completar sus mini promociones del álbum, los miembros continuaron con sus actividades individuales y también llevaron a cabo su primera reunión de fanáticos en Seúl el 5 de mayo .

El 22 de septiembre, se llevó a cabo su primer concierto exclusivo, CNBLUE Live en Londres en IndigO2 en Reino Unido. Se presentaron con 22 canciones en frente de más de 3000 fanes. El concierto en realizado en Seúl, Corea del Sur  el 15 y 16 de diciembre marcó el cuarto concierto de la banda en Seúl, cuyas entradas se agotaron en 10 minutos.

El 19 de diciembre lanzaron su cuarto sencillo japonés Robot que consiguió el puesto No.2 en el Oricon Diario y semanal, vendiendo 45,640 copias.

En 2012, todos los miembros recibieron reconocimiento por sus actuaciones, y CNBLUE conquistó las ceremonias de premiación de fin de año con sus nominaciones. En los KBS Drama Awards, Min hyuk y Jung-shin fueron nominados como "Actor Novato " por sus papeles en My Husband Got a Family y Seoyoung, My Daughter respectivamente. Yong-hwa fue galardonado con el premios "Hallyu Star" de los APAN Star Awards por su papel en el drama Heartstrings debido a su popularidad en Asia. En los SBS Drama Awards, Jong hyun fue galardonado con el premio "Nueva Estrella" por su papel en A Gentleman's Dignity.

2013: Re:Blue y Gira Mundial
Su cuarto miniálbum  "Re:Blue" salió a la venta el 14 de enero de 2013, justo 3 años después de su debut coreano con "Bluetory" junto al video musical de "I'm Sorry". Según la agencia de CNBLUE, en 13 días el pre-orden llegó a 100.000 copias, vendiendo un total de 126,000 copias. El sencillo se ubicó segundo en el Gaon Digital Chart, y fue un all-kill de las listas musicales.

La FNC Entertainment reveló que "CNBLUE realizaría su gira mundial Blue Moon World Tour 2013, asistiendo a países como China, Singapur, Hong Kong, Australia, Europa, Norteamérica y Sudamérica", Taiwán, Singapur, Tailandia, Hong Kong, Filipinas, Malasia. Así CNBLUE se convirtió en una de las primeras bandas coreanas en hacer una gira mundial.

Los cuatro miembros de CNBLUE, asumieron roles en dramas y juntos garabaron su primera película "Never Stop"2014

2014: ''Can't Stop'' y ''Wave''

El 23 de febrero de 2014, lanzaron su 5.º mini álbum, Can't Stop. El álbum debutó en el #2 del Gaón Álbum Gráfico y llegó a la cima de la tabla la siguiente semana. El primer sencillo "Can't Stop" alcanzó su punto máximo en el #3 del Gaón Digital. El 2 de marzo, la banda se presentó en el All Live Comeback Show: Can't Stop.

Después de terminar sus actividades de promoción en Corea, lanzaron una nueva sencillo japonés "Truth" el 23 de abril de 2014 e iniciaron el 2014 CNBLUE LIVE- Can't Stop Tour, en Daegu el 24 de mayo.

"Radio" se publicó el 8 de septiembre, como descarga digital antes su tercer álbum de estudio japonés Wave publicado el 17 de septiembre, el cual en el número tres del semanario Oricon singles Chart. Al final vendió 42,080 copias en el país. La banda inició el CNBLUE 2014 Arena Tour: Wave de octubre a noviembre en Aichi, Tokio, Osaka, Miyagi, y Fukuoka.

El 4 de octubre, se presentaron en la ceremonia de clausura de los Juegos Asiáticos 2014.

El 6 de diciembre fueron el único artista coreano en participar del carnaval iQiyi All-Star 2015 en Beijing, China, donde recibieron el premio al "Mejor Grupo Asia".

2015: '2gether'
El 27 de agosto fue publicada en la página oficial de CNBLUE la portada del álbum completo, titulado '2gether' con su canción a promocionar 'Cinderella'. El álbum salió a la venta el 14 de septiembre.

"Cinderella" en solo dos horas tomó el primer lugar en nueve listas de música como Melon, Mnet, Olleh Músic, Bugs, Soribada, Monkey3, Naver Music, Cyworld. El álbum también se colocó el número tres en el Billboard World Albums Chart.

El 24 y 25 de octubre, celebrararon su concierto como agradecimiento "2015 CNBLUE LIVE [COME TOGETHER] IN SEOUL" en el estadio de Jamsil. Este fue su primer concierto en Seúl en un año y cuatro meses después de su concierto "2014 CNBLUE LIVE [Can't Stop]".

CNBLUE liberó una versión china de su reciente canción a través de los principales sitios de música digital de China el 22 de septiembre. La canción también fue elegida como el tema de la próxima película coreano-china, "Bad Guys Always Die", protagonizada por Chen Bolin y Son Ye Jin.

2016: 'Blueming' y ' EUPHORIA'

CNBLUE liberó su sexto mini álbum 'Blueming' el 4 de abril, cuyo primer sencillo fue "You're So Fine". El grupo también liberó su décimo sencillo japonés "Puzzle" el 11 de mayo, el cual estuvo durante cuatro semanas en las listas musicales y vendió más de 30,000 copias.

Euphoria, su quinto álbum japonés, fue liberado el 19 de octubre, el cual vendió 36,074 copias.

Our Glory Days, su quinto tour de aniversario, se realizó durante el mes de noviembre con conciertos en el Makuhari Messe Event Hall en Chiba, Osaka-jō Hall en Osaka, Nippon Gaishi Hall en Aichi, Marine Messe Fukuoka arena en Fukuoka y Nippon Budokan en Tokio, presentando 22 canciones en cada concierto y con una asistencia total de 75,000 personas.

2017: 7ºCN, Shake, Stay Gold, giras y conciertos
Casi un año después de la liberación de Blueming, lanzaron su séptimo EP, 7°CN, el 20 de marzo de 2017.

CNBLUE lanzado su 14 ° sencillo, Shake it el 10 de mayo de 2017. Debutando dentro del semanario Oricon Singles Chart como el número cinco. La banda inició entonces en CNBLUE Spring Live 2017 "Shake! Shake!" arena tour. Se realizaron dos conciertos en Tokio, Aichi y Osaka, a partir del 17 de mayo al 22 de junio.

La banda también tuvo su gira de conciertos 2017 CNBLUE Live: Between Us en seis países del 1 de julio al 9 de diciembre. El show inicial se dio entre el 3-4 de junio en Seúl.

CNBLUE posteriormente lanzó su sexto álbum de estudio japonés, Stay Gold. Debutando en el número tres el Oricon singles Chart. La banda realizó el CNBLUE 2017 Arena Tour Live "Starting Over" a partir del 3 de noviembre al 1 de diciembre.

2018: Fanmeetings y Servicio Militar
CNBLUE realizó una reunión de fanáticos por el 8.º aniversario [Track 8 - Just Please Hold My Hand] el 6 de enero, para celebrar su aniversario.

El 5 de marzo de 2018, Yonghwa se alistó para el servicio militar obligatorio.

Mientras que Yonghwa se unía al ejército, CNBLUE realizó su CNBLUE Oficial Fanmeeting 2018 "Boice líneas Aéreas" en Nagoya, Osaka, y Kanagawa partir del 8 de marzo hasta el 15 de marzo.

Jongh-hyun y Jungshin viajaron a Tailandia para el primer encuentro de fanáticos "2018 Lee Jong Hyun y Lee Jung Shin 'J VS J' en Bankok el 27 de mayo.

La banda también tuvo otro encuentro con aficionados el 2 de junio.

Minhyuk y Jungshin tranquilamente iniciaron su servicio militar obligatorio, el 31 de julio. Jongh-hyun también se alistó el 7 de agosto.

Lanzaron Best of CNBLUE/OUR BOOK [2011-2018] el 29 de agosto. El álbum contenía canciones de su debut en Japón en 2011. También incluye la nueva canción, Don't Say Goodbys, que fue grabada antes de que Yonghwa se uniera al ejército. El video musical de la última canción fue subido al canal oficial de la banda en Youtube el 17 de julio.

Se espera que estén de vuelta en 2020.

Filantropía
CNBLUE realiza acciones de filantropía, tales como la donación de dinero y arroz a los más necesitados. Parte de sus ingresos anuales y los ingresos de la Gira Mundial Bluemoon han contribuido a la construcción de Escuelas CNBLUE. La primera Escuela CNBLUE fue construida en Burkina Faso, África en 2012 y con capacidad para 100 niños en edad preescolar y 1 000 estudiantes de primaria y secundaria. Las Escuelas CNBLUE ofrecerán comidas y servicios de guardería para los alumnos matriculados. En 2014, una segunda Escuela fue construida en Filipinas.

Lee Jung Shin junto Kim Seol Hyun participaron en un proyecto organizado por la Fundación LOVE FNC. Se enviarono las bolsas de arroz donadas por las Boice y Elvis (club de fanes) a las familias de la Fundación LOVE FNC en la Escuela en Kalaw y el centro de atención diario YWAM en Rangún, Myanmar en febrero de 2018. Lee y su hermano, Lee Shin Yong realizaron una exposición fotográfica de caridad en junio de 2018. Las ganancias fueron donadas para financiar un programa de becas en Myanmar.

Miembros
Jung yong hwa

Lee jung shin

Kan min hyuk

Miembros actuales de cnblue. Después de 3 años y 8 meses , la banda surcoreana regresa con estos integrantes.
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:#ffccff"|
! align="center" | Miembro
! align="center" | Romanización
! align="center" | Fecha de Nacimiento
! align="center" | Posición
|-
|align="center" | Jung Yong Hwa
|align="center" | 정용화
|align="center" |
|align="center" | Líder y Vocalista
|-
|align="center" | Kang Min Hyuk
|align="center" | 강민혁
|align="center" |
|align="center" | Baterista, vocalista
|-
|align="center" | Lee Jung Shin
|align="center" | 이정신
|align="center" |
|align="center" | Bajista, rapero, maknae
|-

Discografía

Álbumes

 First Step (2011)
 First Step Special Limited Edition (2011)
 First Step +1(Plus One) Thank You (2011)
 Korea Best Album  (2014)
 2gether (2015)
 Colors (2015)
Mini-Álbumes Coreanos
 Bluetory (2010)
 Blue Love (2010)
 EAR FUN (2012)
 Re:Blue (2013)
 Can't Stop (2014)

Álbumes Japoneses
 Thank U (2010)
 392 (2011)
 CODE NAME BLUE (2012)
 What turns you on? (2013)
 PRESENT 'JAPAN BEST ALBUM''' (2013)
   "Wave"" (2014)
Mini-Álbumes Japoneses
 Voice (2009)
 Now or Never (2009)

 Sencillos

Sencillos Coreanos
 For First-Time Lovers (2011)
 Friday (2012)
 Feel Good (2013)

Sencillos Japoneses
 The Way (2010)
 I don't know why (2010)
 RE-MAINTENANCE (2011)
 In My Head (2011)
 Where You Are (2012)
 Come On (2012)
 Robot (2012)
 Blind Love (2013)
 Lady (2013)
 Truth'' (2014)

Premios

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Grupos de rock de Corea del Sur
Grupos de rock alternativo de Corea del Sur
Grupos de pop de Corea del Sur
Cantantes en coreano
Cantantes en japonés
Artistas de FNC Entertainment
Ganadores de los Mnet Asian Music Awards
Ganadores de los Melon Music Awards
Grupos de rock electrónico
Cuartetos de música de Corea del Sur
Grupos de música formados en 2009
Cantantes de Corea del Sur
Grupos de música de K-pop

CNBLUE


Rana čehavka ili rana livadarka (lat. Agrocybe praecox) je jestiva gljiva iz porodice strnišnica (Strophariaceae), iz reda listićarki (Agaricales). Rana čehavka vrsta je jestivih gljiva sa smeđim sporama koja se pojavljuje početkom godine u šumama, vrtovima i poljima. Nalazi se u Europi, Sjevernoj Africi i Sjevernoj Americi.

Opis
 Klobuk rane čehavke je širok od 3 do 7 centimetara, u mladosti konveksan, zatim otvoren i često tupo ispupčen, prljavobjelkast ili žućkasto lješnjakove boje, za vlažna vremena smeđastooker; sredina je uvijek tamnija, gladak, sjajan, po suhom vremenu smežuran, pod starost često ispuca.
 Listići su gusti, tanki, zaokruženi do stručka ili zupčasto prirasli, najprije blijedi, kasnije sivosmeđi, na kraju uljnatosmeđi.
 Stručak je visok do 10 centimetara, oko 1 cm debeo, blijed, najčešće tanak, vitak, valjkast, neravan, na osnovi deblji, najprije pun, zatim šupalj; nosi blijed i slabašan vjenčić.
 Meso je u sredini klobuka prilično debelo, mekano, bijelo, okus najprije ugodan, zatim gorkast; miris vrlo ugodan, ali nije tipičan po brašnu kao što pišu pojedini autori.
 Spore su eliptično jajolike, glatke, 9 – 12 x 5 – 6 μm, otrusina je sivosmeđaste boje.

Kemijske reakcije
Meso u dodiru s fenolanilinom postaje za nekoliko minuta ljubičastocrveno, dok s gvajakolovom tinkturom postaje plavo.

Stanište
Rana čehavka raste u proljeće i ljeti uz putove, po vrtovima i parkovima te uz rubove šuma; nije rijedak slučaj da se rana čehavka pronađe i u kasno ljeto ili čak u jesen.

Upotrebljivost
Rana čehavka je jestiva.

Sličnosti
Ranu čehavku možemo zamijeniti s nevaljalom vrstom Agrocybe paludosa (Lge.) Kühn ex Romagn. koja ima mnogo tanji i duži stručak i manje je mesnata. Iznad svega najznačajnija je činjenica što spomenuta vrsta uvijek raste na močvarnim tlima, gdje se rana čehavka ne može pronaći.

Slike

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Agaricales
Jestive gljive

Rana čehavka


Die Kirche zu Kayna ist die Dorfkirche von Kayna, einem Ortsteil der Stadt Zeitz im Burgenlandkreis in Sachsen-Anhalt. Sie hat keinen Schutzpatron und ist daher namenlos. Die Saalkirche hat einen Westturm und im Osten einen Fünfachtelschluss.

Geschichte
Vermutlich an der Stelle eines Vorgängerbaus wurde von 1705 bis 1710 die Kirche erbaut. Der damalige Pfarrer war Kaspar List. Der Turmbau war am 1. Oktober 1709 beendet. Eine Urkunde im Turmknopf schildert die Lasten der Bevölkerung im Nordischen Krieg (1700–1721) durch die Sondersteuern Karls XII.

1751 wurde die Kirche ausgemalt. Ein mit einem Marienköpfchen gekrönter Bogen unter dem Chor soll von einem Wallfahrtsaltar der alten Kirche stammen.

1862 wurden an der Altarwand einige alte Figuren sowie ein aus dem 13. Jahrhundert stammender kunstvoller Wandelaltar befestigt. Dieser zeigt die hl. Anna auf Goldgrund, auf den beiden Türen einen Märtyrer und den hl. Sebastian. Die Kanzel schuf der Altenburger Jakob Werner und erhielt dafür 78 alte Schock. Die Kanzelfelder tragen die Figuren des Christus und der Evangelisten.

Der Kronleuchter von 1817 wird als Geschenk der Jugend ausgewiesen. Das Altarbild wurde 1859 gemalt. 1886 schaffte man für 450 Mark einen Blitzableiter an.

1868 schenkte der Mehlhändler Gottlieb Bräutigam der Kirche ein stilvolles Taufbecken aus Buntsandstein für den Altarraum. Ein Herr Weber aus dem Nachbarort Würchwitz vermachte der Kirche 1893 ein Kirchenfenster. Eine silberne Hostienschachtel schenkte eine Familie Wimmel nach der Schlacht von Königgrätz (1866) der Kirche zum Dank für die unversehrte Rückkehr ihres Sohnes aus der Schlacht.

1867 wurden die Kirchturmglocken umgegossen, die älteste trug die Inschrift St. Ottomar 1494, stammte also vermutlich aus der Vorgängerkirche. Der Uhrmacher Kirsten aus Dürrenberg stellte 1869 eine Turmuhr her.

Von Juli bis September 1891 wurde die Kirche umfassend renoviert und durch die Malerfamilie Wetzel aus Kayna neu ausgemalt, gefolgt von einer Dacherneuerung im Jahre 1892. Die finanziellen Mittel in Höhe von 2.564,48 Mark wurden aufgebracht durch einen 750-Mark-Zuschuss durch die Kirchgemeinde, ein Konzert des Lehrervereins brachte 87,50 Mark, 1.660,28 Mark erbrachte eine Kirchfahrt, die Orgel wurde für 300 Mark aus dem Kindergartenkapital repariert.

Durch weitere private Spenden erhielt die Kirche 80 bronzene Armleuchter, die Altarbekleidung, die Altarbibel, die Lutherbüste sowie die eisernen Altarbrüstungen. Die Einweihung der renovierten Kirche erfolgte am 20. September 1891.

Das Pfarrgebäude von 1731 wurde 1752 um- und ausgebaut.

Die Kirche gehört zum evangelischen Kirchspiel Zeitz.

Architektur

Die verputzte geostete Saalkirche auf rechteckigem Grundriss ist im Ortszentrum errichtet. Sie hat einen Westturm und einen eingezogenen Fünfachtelschluss, dessen Sockelbereich unverputzt ist. Langhaus und Chor werden von einem roten Satteldach mit gleich hohem Dachfirst bedeckt. An den Langseiten und im Chor belichten je drei große Fenster mit Stichbögen das Innere, das im Süden und Norden durch mittig angebrachte Portale erschlossen wird.

Der massiv aufgemauerte Westturm auf quadratischem Grundriss stammt im unteren Teil wahrscheinlich noch vom gotischen Vorgängerbau. Die östliche Pforte zum Langhaus weist spätgotische Überstabungen auf. Im Norden und Süden bringen Anbauten das Erdgeschoss auf die Breite des Langhauses. Ihre Pultdächer erreichen die Höhe der Traufe des Langhauses. An der Südseite des Turmanbaus ist eine hochrechteckige Tür eingelassen. Umlaufende Gesimse gliedern die einzelnen Turmgeschosse, die oberhalb der Firsthöhe des Langhauses in einen oktogonalen Aufbau übergehen. Die Geschosse werden durch Öffnungen mit Stichbogen belichtet, unterhalb der Traufe sind vier ovale Öffnungen eingelassen. Aus barocker Zeit stammt der Turmaufbau. Der achtseitigen geschwungenen Haube sind eine offene Laterne und eine kleine Welsche Haube aufgesetzt. Sie wird von einem Turmknauf und einer Wetterfahne bekrönt.

Ausstattung

Das Innere  des Gotteshauses wird durch eine Flachdecke abgeschlossen. Das Stuckwerk weist geometrische Formen auf und hat ursprünglich die nicht erhaltenen Malereien gerahmt. Zwei Längsunterzüge werden von viereckigen Pfosten getragen, deren unterste abgerundet sind. Die Pfosten beziehen die dreiseitig umlaufenden hölzernen Emporen ein, die an den Langseiten zweigeschossig sind. Die untere Empore hat kassettierte Brüstungsfelder mit aufgemalten Blumen in Grautönen, die obere Bretterwerk mit kleinen Öffnungen. Die konvexe Westempore dient als Aufstellungsort für die Orgel. Hinter dem Kanzelaltar ist eine Chorempore eingebaut, deren vier kassettierte Brüstungsfelder außen ein Kreuz in einem Kranz und innen einen Kelch und eine Oblate in einem Kranz zeigen.

Der bauzeitliche hölzerne Kanzelaltar integriert  ältere Teile. Hinter der blockförmigen Mensa mit kleinem Altarkreuz trägt die Predella die Inschrift "Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe" (), die von Rocaillen gerahmt und von zwei Engelköpfen flankiert wird. Der polygonale Kanzelkorb ist im Stil der Spätrenaissance reich verziert. Das mittlere Kanzelfeld zeigt den Salvator mundi, die seitlichen die vier Evangelisten unter Rundbögen (um 1600). Der Kanzelkorb wird von zwei Pilastern flankiert, die mit ausladenden geschwungenen Wangen ausgestattet sind. Der Oberbau mit vier bekrönenden Vasen ruht auf einem Architrav. Über einer kranzförmigen Wolkenglorie thront die Figur des Auferstandenen, die vermutlich in gotischer Zeit gefertigt wurde.

Aus den 1510er Jahren stammt der qualitativ hochwertige vorreformatorische Schnitzaltar, der an der Südseite des Chors aufgestellt ist. Das Triptychon wird Leonhardt Herrgott aus Zwickau zugeschrieben. Im Mittelfeld wird Anna selbdritt von Jakobus dem Älteren und Wolfgang von Regensburg umgeben. Auf den Seitenflügeln sind links Dionysius und rechts der heilige Sebastian dargestellt. Die Figuren unter durchbrochenem Rankenwerk tragen blau-goldene Gewänder. In der Südostecke stehen vier Heiligenfiguren aus der Zeit um 1500 auf Konsolen: Wolfgang, Nikolaus, Anna selbdritt und eine weibliche Heilige. Sie werden ebenso wie das große hölzerne spätgotische Kruzifix dem Umfeld von Matthias Plauener aus Zeitz zugeschrieben.

In der Nordostecke ist das Epitaph im Stil der Frührenaissance für G. von Ende († 1527) aufgestellt, das den Verstorbenen vor dem Kruzifix kniend darstellt, gerahmt von flachen Pilastern. Die Grabsteine eines Ehepaars von Ende und eines jungen Ritters stammen aus der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts. Ein Grabstein für einen Herrn von Ende datiert von 1629. Unter der Orgelempore erinnert eine Gedenktafel unter einem Kragsturzbogen mit Spitzbogen an die Gefallenen des Jahres 1870.

Orgel

Die Orgel wurde im 18. Jahrhundert, vermutlich um das Jahr 1780, von der Orgelbauwerkstatt Poppe, vermutlich von Christian Friedrich I. Poppe, erbaut. Das Instrument kostete "315 alte Schock". Im Zuge des Einbaus der Orgel im Chor musste der Eingang an der Westseite des Turms zugemauert werden. Das Instrument wurde im Laufe der Zeit umgebaut. Es verfügt heute über 17 Register auf zwei Manualen und Pedal. Die Trakturen sind mechanisch.

Literatur
 Georg Dehio; Ute Bednarz, Folkhard Cremer (Bearb.): Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Sachsen-Anhalt I, Regierungsbezirk Magdeburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, München, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-422-03069-7.
 Die Kirche zu Kayna und ihre Renovation. Zeitz 1891. (Digitalisat)
 Heinrich Trübenbach: Chronik von Kayna bis 1895.()

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Evangelische Kirche in der Region Zeitz

Kulturdenkmal in Zeitz
Kayna
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Kirche zu Kayna


مانشستر الكبرى أو مَنشِستَر الكبرى (Greater Manchester) هي حاضرة مقاطعة في شمال غرب انكلترا ، وعدد سكانها 2.56 مليون نسمة. وهي تشمل واحدة من أكبر المناطق الحضرية في المملكة المتحدة ، ومؤلف من عشرة أحياء العاصمة : بولتون ، ادفن ، أولدهام ، روتشديل ، ستوكبورت ، تامسايد ، ترافورد، ويجان ، ومدن ومشفى سالفورد و مانشستر. مانشستر الكبرى أنشئت 1 أبريل 1974 نتيجة لقانون الحكم المحلي لعام 1972.

مانشستر الكبرى لا تطل على البحر, و تحدها تشيشاير (إلى الجنوب الغربي والجنوب) ، ديربيشاير (الجنوب الشرقي) ، ويست يوركشير (شمال شرق) ، لانكشاير (شمال) ، ليفربول (إلى الغرب). مانشيستر الكبرى تعد ثالث أكبر تجمع حضري من حيث عدد السكان في المملكة المتحدة، و بما أنها تُعد من المدن الاحتفالية الرئيسية، لمانشستر الكبرى اللورد الملازم لها وسام شريف.

محافظة مجلس مانشيستر ألغيت في عام 1986 ، وذلك أقضيته (أحياء العاصمة) حالياً على نحو فعال وحدوي مناطق السلطة، إلا أن لندن القطرية، التي تقع على بعد نحو 496 ميلا مربعا (1285 km2) [3]) لا يزال قائما في القانون وبوصفها إطارا مرجعيا جغرافية عدد من المقاطعات على نطاق الخدمات منسقة من خلال رابطة من سلطات مانشستر الكبرى.

قبل إنشاء العاصمة القطرية، اسم SELNEC استخدم في هذا المجال، مأخوذة من الأحرف الأولى "في جنوب شرق لانكشاير في شمال شرق شيشاير"(South East Lancashire North East Cheshire). مانشستر الكبرى هي خليط من 70 من المحليات ومن المقاطعات السابقة من المقاطعات الإدارية لانكشاير ، وتشيشاير يوركشاير الغربية الركوب وثمانية أحياء محافظة مستقلة.

توأمة
لمانشستر الكبرى اتفاقيات توأمة مع:
 باينه

أعلام

 باول يونغ
 وينفريد ماري ليتس
 كارل دنفر
 جيمي هامبسون
 كين هاربر
 أندرو ستيل
 ريان تونيكليف
 سيريل سميث

مراجع

مقاطعات إنجلترا
مقاطعات إنجليزية أسست في 1974
مقاطعات حضرية

مانشستر الكبرى


خسوف  هو الكتابُ الثالثُ من سلسلةِ « الشفق » (Twilight) بقلم ستيفاني ماير. وفيه قصّةَ بيلا بعمر 18 سنةً ومصاص الدماء إدوارد كولين. جزء خسوف مَسْبُوقُ بجزء قمر جديد وتَلى بجزء بزوغ الفجر. الكتاب أُصدرَ في أغسطس/آب 7، 2007 طبعةِ أوليةِ مِنْ مليون نسخةِ، وباعَ أكثر مِنْ 150,000 نسخة في الساعاتِ الأولى الـ24 وحدها

خسوف كَانَ الكتابَ الأكثر رواجاً في المرتبة الرابعة الأخير 2008، بعد الشفقَ، قمر جديد، وبزوغ الفجر، [3] وصُنّفَ أيضاً كرقم 1 على قائمةِ الناشرين الإسبوعيةِ "كتب الأطفال Hardcover Backlist أكثر رواجاً "في 2008 مَع أكثر من 4.5 مليون نسخةِ مباعه.

خلاصة القصة
تَفْتحُ القصّةُ بالإيحاءِ في سياتل، واشنطن تُصابُ مِن قِبل خيط جرائمِ القتل الغير محلولةِ، أَيّ مشتبه بهم. إدوارد سببه انه مصّاص دماء جديد غير قادر على السَيْطَرَة على عطشِه للدمِّ الإنسانيِ. كإدوارد وبيلا يُقدّمانِ إلى الكُليّاتِ، يُوضّحُ بيلا إلى إدوارد رغبتها لرُؤية صديقها الذئب ثانيةً. بالرغم من أن إدوارد يَخَافُ على سلامتها، تصر بيلا بأنَّ لا يمكن له ان يَآْذيها أبداً، وهي تَبْدأُ بزيَاْرَته من حينٍ لآخر. في هذه الأثناء، ألِس كولين عِنْدَها رؤية تتعلق بفيكتوريا، مصّاصة الدماء التي تطاردُ بيلا للانتقامِ. بعد أيام قليلة، يتقدم إدوارد إلى بيلا للزواجِ، فتَقْبلُ.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

روايات أمريكية في 2007
روايات سلسلة الشفق
روايات فانتازيا 2007
روايات فانتازيا أمريكية حولت إلى أفلام
روايات فانتازية أمريكية
سلسلة الشفق

خسوف (رواية)


An Oncidium brevilabrum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Robert Allen Rolfe. An Oncidium brevilabrum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Oncidium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Colombia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Oncidium

Oncidium brevilabrum


Masaru Matsuhashi (født 22. marts 1985) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Ventforet Kofu.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Masaru Matsuhashi


بلدية سيلا , هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة اليكانتي. جنوب شرق إسبانيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها 633 نسمة.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة لقنت
بلديات لقنت

سيلا (أليكانتي)


හුර් ජුන්, ද ඔරිජිනල් ස්ටෝරි () යනු 2013 දකුණු කොරියානු රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලාවකි. මෙමගින් සාමාන්‍ය වැසියකුව උපත ලබා ජොසොන්හි රාජකීය වෙදැදුරුවරයා බවට පත් හෝ ජුන්ගේ ජීවිත කථාව නිරූපණය වේ. (ඔහු "ගුඅම්" යන ලේඛන නාමය භාවිතා කළේ ය) Iමෙය 2013 මාර්තු 18 සිට සැප්තැම්බර් 23 දක්වා සඳුදා සිට සිකුරාදා දක්වා දිනවල 20:50ට MBC නාළිකාවෙන් විකාශය වූයේ කථාංග 135කින් යුක්තව ය.

හෝ ජුන් යනු සුප්‍රකට පෙරදිග වෛද්‍ය පාඨ ග්‍රන්ථයක් වන දොන්ගුයි බෝගම් (සාහිත්‍ය. "පෙරදිග වෙදකමේ කැඩපත") නම් ග්‍රන්ථයේ කතුවරයා ද වේ. මෙය සම්ප්‍රදායික කොරියානු වෙදකමේ නිර්දිෂ්ට ග්‍රන්ථයක් ද වේ. මෙම කතාමාලාව ඔහුගේ දිවිය පිළිබඳ වන පස්වන නාට්‍යකරණයයි. මෙහි ප්‍රධාන නළුවා වන කිම් ජූ-හ්‍යුක් යනු 1975 Tenacity කතාමාලාවේ මෙම චරිතයම නිරූපණය කළ කිම් මු-සෙංගේ පුත්‍රයායි.

කථාපුවත
හෝ ජුන් යනු යොංචොන්හි ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයාගේ උපභාර්යාවකගේ පුත්‍රයෙකි. ඔහු දක්ෂ වෛද්‍යවරයකු වන යූ උයි-තේ විසින් මියයන තැනැත්තකුගේ දිවි බේරාගනු දැකීමෙන් පසුව, වෛද්‍යවරයකු වීමට තීරණය කරයි. පළමුව ඔහු ඖෂධ පැළෑටි රැස් කරන්නකු ලෙස සේවය කරන අතර, යූ උයි-තේගේ වෛද්‍ය සායනයේ දී යේ-ජින්ගේ සහාය ඇතිව ඔහු මිං රාජවංශයෙන් ආනයනය කළ විරළ වෛද්‍ය ග්‍රන්ථ කියවීමේ අවස්ථාව උදා කරගනියි. සිය වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යා දැනුම පුළුල් කරගන්නා හෝ ජුන්, යූ උයි-තේ යටතේ රෝගීනට ප්‍රතිකාර කිරීම අරඹයි. නමුත් පසුව සිය ගුරුවරයාට වැළඳුණු ආමාශ පිළිකාව සුව කිරීමට නොහැකි වීම පිළිබඳ ඔහු වික්ෂිප්ත වේ. යුගයේ පීඩාකාරී කුල ක්‍රමය සහ ඔහුගේ සාමාන්‍ය සමාජ පසුබිම හමුවේ, හෝ ජුන් සිය ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ උච්චත්වය කරා ළඟාවන අතර සොන්ජෝ රජුගේ රාජකීය වෙදැදුරුවරයා බවට පත්වේ.

චරිත නිරූපණය

ප්‍රධාන චරිත
කිම් ජූ-හ්‍යුක්, හෝ ජුන් ලෙස
කං හන්-බ්යොල්, ලාබාල හෝ ජුන් ලෙස
පාක් ජින්-හී, යේ-ජින් ලෙස
පාක් ඉයුන්-බින්, දා-හී ලෙස
නම්ගුං මින්, යූ දෝ-ජි ලෙස
බෙක් යූන්-සික්, යූ උයි-තේ ලෙස

සහාය චරිත

හෝ පවුල
ගෝ දූ-ෂිම්, සොන් මැතිණිය ලෙස
ලී ජේ-යොං, කිම් මින්-සේ ලෙස
ජුං හෝ-බින්, ආන් ක්වං-ඉක් ලෙස
යෝ හෝ-මින්, යැං-තේ ලෙස
ජං ජේ-වොන්, ලාබාල යැං-තේ ලෙස
චෝයි සං-හූන්, හෝ ර්යුන් ලෙස
කිම් හ්යේ-ජුං, ජං ජුං-ෂිල් ආර්යාව ලෙස
වොන් කි-ජූන්, හෝ සොක් ලෙස
කං යි-සොක්, ලාබාල හෝ සොක් ලෙස
කිම් සෝ-යොන්, ඉම් මි-හ්‍යුන් ලෙස
ලී හේ-වූ, හෝ ග්යොම් ලෙස

ගු පවුල
පාක් චුල්-මින්, ගු ඉල්-සෝ ලෙස
ක්යොන් මි-රි, හම් ආන්-දෙක් ලෙස
ක්වක් ජි-මින්, ගු උන්-න්‍යොන් ලෙස
සොන් හොන්-සූ, ජං මන්-දොක් ලෙස

යූ පවුල
කිම් මි-සූක්, ඕ ආර්යාව ලෙස
කිම් හ්යෝ-යොන්, ක්වොන් සූක්-ජුං ලෙස
ෂින් ක්වි-ෂික්, ක්වොන් හ්‍යුක්-සූ ලෙස

ඔසුසල
ජුං ඉයුන්-ප්යෝ, ඉම් හෝ-ග්‍යුන් ලෙස
කිම් සෝ-යි, හා දොං-දෙක් ලෙස
ලී දා-යොන්, යූ වොල්-යි ලෙස
ජුං ජි-ආ, චෝ-ර්යේ ලෙස
යූන් ස්‍යුල්, මි-ග්‍යුම් ලෙස
කිම් ජූං-කි, බුසන්පෝ ලෙස
ඕ දේ-හ්වන්, ජං-ස්වේ ලෙස
ගෝ යොං-මින්, යොං-දල් ලෙස
ඕ යොං, ගුක්-ස්වේ ලෙස

රාජමාලිගය
ජොන් නෝ-මින්, සොන්ජෝ රජු ලෙස
ජං ජි-ඉයුන්, කිම් ගොං-බින් ආර්යාව ලෙස
ජුං සි-ආ, කිම් ඉන්-බින් ආර්යාව ලෙස
ඉන් ග්යෝ-ජින්, ග්වංහේ කුමරු ලෙස
කිම් ජින්-සොං, සින්සොං කුමරු ලෙස
සෝ යි-ආන්, ඉන්මොක් අගබිසව ලෙස

රාජකීය රෝහල
චෝයි ජොං-හ්වන්, යැං යේ-සූ ලෙස
ලී හන්-වි, කිම් මන්-ක්‍යුං ලෙස
කිම් හ්‍යුන්, කිම් හොං-කි ලෙස
කිම් ජුං-හ්වන්, ලී මියුං-හ්වන් ලෙස
ගෝ යූන්-හෝ, ජුං තේ-ඉයුන් ලෙස
යූ ස්‍යුං-බොං, ජුං ජක් ලෙස
කිම් ජින්-හෝ, කිම් යුං-තෙක් ලෙස
හ්වං බුම්-ෂික්, සොං හක්-ග්‍යු ලෙස
සොන් යෝ-ඉයුන්, සෝ-හ්‍යුන් ලෙස
හන් බෝ-බේ, චේ-සුන් ලෙස
යූන් යූ-සුන්, හොං චූන්-යි ලෙස
චෝයි යේ-ජින්, දොක්-ග්‍යුම් ලෙස
ගා ද්‍යුක්-හී, සේ-හී ලෙස
ෂින් බොක්-සූක්, මාලිග වෛද්‍යවරිය ලෙස
ලී මස්‍යුං-ආ, ගේ-ග්‍යුම් ලෙස
කං චෝ-හී, ඕන්-ජි ලෙස
ලී සෝ-ඉන්, ඔක්-ජුං ලෙස
පාක් ක්‍යුං-හ්වන්, දෝයක් සර්යොං ලෙස

විස්තීර්ණ රංගනය

ජි සං-හ්‍යුක්, සං-හ්වා ලෙස
ජෝ සූ-ජුං, සූ-යොන් ලෙස
ජෝ වූ-ජින්, වූ ගොං-බෝ ලෙස
ලී ක්යේ-ඉන්, දොල්-ස්වේ ලෙස
හ්‍යුන් චුල්-හෝ, මහජන නිලධාරී කිම් ලෙස
කිම් බ්යුං-කි, සුං ඉන්-චුල් ලෙස
නා සුං-ක්‍යුන්, ජුං සුං-පිල් ලෙස
සොං ජේ-හී, ලී ජුං-මියුං ලෙස
කිම් චොල්-කි, බේ චුන්-සූ ලෙස
යූ තේ-වූං, කිම් ගොං-ර්යං ලෙස
ලී චන්, කිම් බ්යුං-ජෝ ලෙස
ෂින් ගූක්, අග්‍රාමාත්‍ය ලෙස
ඉම් ස්‍යුං-දේ, පණ්ඩක ලෙස
ජූ ආ-සුං, ගු තේ-හූන් ලෙස
හ්වං බෝ-මි, ජං ආර්යාව ලෙස
චෝයි හ්‍යුන්-සෝ, ඉයුන්-ඔක් ලෙස
ර්යු සං-හූන්, ජං ජුං ලෙස
හ්‍යුන් චුල්-හෝ, කිම් මහතා ලෙස

සම්මාන සහ නිර්දේශ

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

බාහිර සබැඳි
 Tenacity (රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලාව) (කොරියානු)
 හුර් ජුන්, ද ඔරිජිනල් ස්ටෝරි නිල MBC වෙබ්අඩවිය
 හුර් ජුන්, ද ඔරිජිනල් ස්ටෝරි සඳහා MBC ග්ලෝබල් මීඩියාහි ඇති ගිණුම

2013 දකුණු කොරියානු රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා අවසන් වීම්
2013 දකුණු කොරියානු රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා අවසන් වීම්
2010 දශකය තුළ දකුණු කොරියානු රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
මුන්හ්වා විකාශන සංස්ථාවේ රූපවාහිනී නාට්‍ය
හෝ චුන්
දකුණු කොරියානු ඓතිහාසික රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
දකුණු කොරියානු වෛද්‍ය රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා

හුර් ජුන්, දි ඔරිජිනල් ස්ටෝරි


Hornberget Station (Hornberget holdeplass) var en jernbanestation på Solørbanen, der lå i Elverum kommune i Norge.

Stationen åbnede som trinbræt 15. oktober 1956. Betjeningen med persontog ophørte 1. juni 1986, og 27. maj 1990 blev stationen nedlagt.

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

Stationer på Solørbanen
Nedlagte jernbanestationer i Norge
Etableret i 1956
Ophørt i 1990

Hornberget Station


Johann Josef Karl Henrici (* 25. Jänner 1737 in Schweidnitz, Fürstentum Schweidnitz; † 29. Oktober 1823 in Bozen), oft einfach Carl Henrici, war ein österreichischer Barockmaler und Schöpfer des Herz-Jesu-Bildes in der Bozner Stadtpfarrkirche, vor dem 1796 die Tiroler Landstände das von den Franzosen bedrohte Land Tirol in feierlicher Weise dem Herzen Jesu geweiht und es unter seinen besonderen Schutz gestellt hatten.

Leben
Carl Henrici stammt aus Schlesien. Sein ursprünglicher Familienname war Heinrich. Er latinisierte ihn aber nach dem damals üblichen Brauch, weil er ihm in solcher Form für einen Künstler angemessener erschien.

Er verließ seine Heimat als er achtzehn war und kam 1757 über Umwegen nach Bozen. Dort trat er in die Werkstatt des Kopisten Mathias Twinger ein, heiratete 1759 dessen Tochter und übernahm seine Werkstätte. Um sich beruflich zu vervollkommnen, begab er sich 1761 zu einem zweijährigen Lehraufenthalt nach Verona. Dann begann eine lange, fruchtbare Periode selbständigen Schaffens in Bozen und vielen anderen Orten Südtirols. Henrici malte viele Porträts, schuf zahlreiche Heiligenbilder, auch Gemälde in Kirchen und vornehmen Häusern.

Mit seiner Frau Rosa hatte Carl Henrici dreizehn Kinder, aber nur drei wuchsen auf. Allerdings starben auch diese jung. Der Lebensabend des Künstlers war unglücklich und traurig. Zum Verlust aller seiner Kinder kam noch, dass er 1798 erblindete.

Literatur

 Alma Tirler von Lutz: Der Bozner Maler Johann Josef Karl Henrici 1737–1823, Schlern-Schrift Nr. 205, Innsbruck 1960

 Bruno Mahlknecht: Karl Henrici, der Maler des Bozner "Herz-Jesu-Bildes" in Bozen durch die Jahrhunderte, Band 4, Athesia Spectrum, Bozen 2007, S. 53–58
 Hanns-Paul Ties: Bozner Barockgemälde in Kroatien, Neues zu Carl Henrici und Josef Anton Cusetti, in: Der Schlern, Zeitschrift für Südtiroler Landeskunde, 86 Jg., 2012, Heft 3, S. 54–75
 Hanns-Paul Ties: Sepultura Artium Liberalium, Der Tiroler Rokoko-Maler Carl Henrici klagt über die Folgen der kaiserlichen Zollpolitik für die Kunstproduktion, in: Münch, Birgit Ulrike/Tacke, Andreas/Herzog, Markwart/Heudecker, Sylvia (Hrsg.): Die Klage des Künstlers. Krise und Umbruch von der Reformation bis um 1800 (Kunsthistorisches Forum Irsee 2), Petersberg 2015, S. 139–159

Weblinks

Maler des Barock
Maler (Österreich)
Person (Bozen)
Person (Schlesien)
Historische Person (Südliches Tirol)
Person (Habsburgermonarchie vor 1804)
Person (Kaisertum Österreich)
Geboren 1737
Gestorben 1823
Mann

Johann Josef Karl Henrici


Ryujoseph Hashimura (født 23. august 2000) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder FC Machida Zelvia.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Ryujoseph Hashimura


Seara se poate referi la
 Seara, Santa Catarina, localitate din Brazilia
 Seara, ziar publicat între 1910 și 1916

Seara


St. Michael ist eine römisch-katholische Kirche in Köln-Zündorf in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Bis zur Errichtung der neuen Kirche St. Mariä Geburt war sie die katholische Pfarrkirche des Ortes.

Geschichte
Ein merowingisches Rankenrelief aus dem 7. Jahrhundert ist neben dem Südportal bis heute erhalten geblieben. Erstmals erwähnt wurde die Pfarrkirche im liber valoris um 1300. Das Patronat besaß das Stift St. Severin in Köln seit dem Jahr 1362.

Das Langhaus wurde im Kern im 11. Jahrhundert errichtet und später ein nördliches Seitenschiff angefügt. 1170 wurden der reich verzierte Westturm mit Rhombenhelm und ein dreiseitig geschlossener Chor angefügt. 1690 und 1722 fanden Wiederherstellungsarbeiten an der Kirche statt, in deren Zug Chor und Sakristei neu errichtet wurden. 1906 wurde das Seitenschiff abgebrochen.

Seit 1897 ist St. Mariä Geburt die neue katholische Pfarrkirche von Zündorf.

Literatur
 Manfred Becker-Huberti, Günther A. Menne (Hrsg.): Kölner Kirchen. Die Kirchen der katholischen und evangelischen Gemeinden in Köln. J. P. Bachem Verlag, Köln 2004.
 Paul Clemen (Hrsg.): Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, Band 5, Abt. II: Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Mülheim am Rhein. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1901, S. 228f.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Michael
Michaeliskirche
Zündorf (Köln)
Kirchengebäude im Erzbistum Köln
Michael
Romanische Kirche

St. Michael (Köln-Zündorf)


RR-lirida (prema RR Lire, prvoj otkrivenoj zvijezdi te vrste; eng. RR Lyrae variable, koju je otkrila W. Fleming 1901.) je kratkoperiodično pulsirajuće promjenljive zvijezde (period promjene sjaja 0,05 do 1,2 dana). Masa im je približno pola Sunčeve mase, a oko 50 puta su sjajnije. Građene su od tvari siromašne metalima (pripadaju zvjezdanoj populaciji II). Uglavnom se nalaze u kuglastim zvjezdanim skupovima i u području galaktičkoga haloa. Neovisno o periodu promjene sjaja, podjednako su sjajne, svima je apsolutna magnituda između 0,6 i 0,7 pa se koriste za određivanje udaljenosti kuglastih zvjezdanih skupova. Smatra se da ih u Mliječnom putu ima oko 85 000. Starije su i manje sjajne nego cefeide.

Promjenljive zvijezde

Promjenljiva zvijezda, promjenljiva ili promjenljivica je zvijezda čija se promjena sjaja može uočiti tijekom, u astronomskim razmjerima, kratkog vremenskog intervala (sati, dani, godine), a nije uzrokovana pojavama u atmosferi Zemlje. Većina zvijezda sjaji skoro posve stalnim sjajem, samo 1% od svih zvijezda su promjenljive zvijezde. Naše Sunce je dobar primjer zvijezde koja svijetli gotovo posve stalnim sjajem (sjaj se mijenja svega 0,01% tijekom 11-godišnjeg Sunčevog ciklusa).

Populacija zvijezda

Populacija zvijezda je zvjezdana skupina određena sukladno udjelu metala u kemijskom sastavu zvijezde i prostornom položaju u galaktici. Populaciju I čine mlade zvijezde s udjelom metala od 2 do 4%, smještene u spiralnim krakovima galaktike, koje se oko središta galaktike gibaju pravilnim eliptičnim putanjama. Sunce se ubraja u starije zvijezde te populacije. Populaciju II čine starije zvijezde s malim udjelom metala (0,1%), smještene u galaktičkom halou, koje se oko galaktičkoga središta gibaju eliptičnim stazama u svim ravninama. Njima pripadaju zvijezde kuglastih zvjezdanih skupova, RR-liride, W Virginis i dugoperiodične promjenljive zvijezde. Nastale su u prvoj milijardi godina postojanja svemira, kada još nije bio oblikovan galaktički disk. Populacijom III smatraju se velike iščezle zvijezde koje su nastale u doba kada u svemiru nije bilo metala. Metali su u njima stvoreni nuklearnim reakcijama i raspršeni u svemir eksplozijama. Populacija III danas može sadržavati samo neutronske zvijezde i crne rupe.

Izvori

Zvjezdana astronomija

RR-lirida


Markovište, brijeg iznad Husina
Markovište (brdo, Klobuk), kod Ljubuškog, poznato svetište
Markovište, Kosjerić, Srbija, naselje

Markovište


Morton Masius (* 6. Oktober 1883 in Egg Harbor City, New Jersey; † 1. November 1979 in New Haven, Connecticut) war ein deutsch-amerikanischer Physikochemiker.

Leben
Masius wurde 1883 als Sohn des Studienrates Alfred Masius und seiner Frau Edith, geb. Bailey, in Egg Harbor City geboren. Sein Großvater war der Pädagogik-Professor  Hermann Masius. Er besuchte bis 1902 die humanistische Thomasschule zu Leipzig. Nach dem Abitur  studierte er Chemie an der Universität Leipzig und wurde 1908 bei Herbert Max Finlay Freundlich mit einer Arbeit in Physikalischer Chemie zum Dr. phil. promoviert. 1910 heiratete er Paula Marie Wagner, Tochter einer reichen Leipziger Familie, in Leipzig.

Von 1908 bis 1909 war er Whiting Postdoctoral Fellow an der Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Ab 1909 arbeitete er am Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) in Worcester, Massachusetts, wo er 1919 Professor für Physik wurde. Später war er Dekan des Physik Departments. 1954 wurde er emeritiert. Besondere Bedeutung erlangte er durch seine legitimierte Übersetzung der Planckschen Vorlesungen über die Theorie der Wärmestrahlung.

Masius war Fellow der American Physical Society. Außerdem war er Mitglied der American Association of Physics Teachers und der Society for Freedom in Science.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Über die Adsorption in Gemischen. Noske, Leipzig 1908. (= zugleich Dissertation, Universität Leipzig)
 Max Planck: The Theory of heat radiation. P. Blakiston's Son and Co, Philadelphia 1914. (übersetzt ins Englische)
 Problems in General Physics for College Courses. P. Blakiston's Son and Co, Philadelphia 1917.
 Louis Rougier: Philosophy and the New Physics. An Essay on the Relativity Theory and the Theory of Quanta, P. Blakiston's Son and Co, Philadelphia 1921. (übersetzt ins Englische)
 College physics. Longmans, Green and Co, New York 1941. (zusammen mit Alexander W. Duff)

Einzelnachweise

Physikochemiker
Physiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Chemiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Fellow der American Physical Society
Hochschullehrer (Worcester, Massachusetts)
Deutscher
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1883
Gestorben 1979
Mann

Morton Masius


Sordo puede referirse a:

 Sordo, persona que sufre sordera.

Personas
 Dani Sordo, piloto de rally español.
 Sordo Gancé, personaje ficticio creado por Alejandro Dolina
Pilar Sordo, psicóloga y escritora chilena.
Enrique Sordo, crítico literario español.
Arturo Sordo, arquitecto y escultor asturiano.
Juan Sordo Madaleno, arquitecto mexicano.
Alejandro Fernández Sordo, político español del franquismo.

Lugares
 Quinta del Sordo, nombre de una finca y casa de campo situada a las afueras de Madrid, en la que vivió Francisco de Goya.

Sordo (desambiguación)


ඩුබායි ( ; )  යනු එක්සත් අරාබි එමිර් රාජ්‍යයේ ඇති එමිරේට හතෙන් එකකි. එය අරාබි අර්ධද්වීපයේ   අරාබි බොක්කට දකුණට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත.විශාලතම ජනගහනය ජිවත් වන්නේ ඩුබායි හි  වන අතර එය අබුඩාබි වලට පසුව භුමි ප්‍රදේශ ප්‍රමාණය අනුව දෙවන විශාලතම එමිරේටයයි. රටෙහි  ෆෙඩරල් ජාතික කවුන්සිලයෙහිදී ජාතික වැදගත්කමක් ඇති කාරණා වලදී නිෂේධ බලය භාවිත කල හැක්කේ බුබායි හා අබුඩාබි යන ඒමිරේට් දෙකට පමණි.

ඩුබායි පිළිබඳව මුල්ම ලිඛිත සඳහන 1095 දී හමුවන වන අතර, ඩුබායි නගරය නමැති මුල්ම ජනාවාසය  පිළිබඳව 1799 සිට දැනුවත්ව ඇත. ඩුබායි උපචාරනුකූලව පිහිටුවීම 19වන සියවස මුල් භාගයේදී සිදු කරන ලද්දේ බානි යස් හි අල් අබු ෆලාසා වරිගය විසින් වන අතර,  1892 දී  එක්සත් රාජධානිය  විසින් ඩුබායි හි ආරක්ෂාව පිළිබඳ වගකීම භාර ගන්නා විටදීද  ඩුබායි නගරය එම වරිගයේ පාලනය යටතේ පැවතිණි. එහි භූගෝලීය පිහිටීම හේතුවෙන් එය වැදගත් වෙළෙඳ මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් බවට පත් කෙරුණු අතර 20 වන සියවස ආරම්භය වන විට එය වැදගත් වරායක් බවට පත්ව තිබුණි. නව මුදල් ඒකකයක් පිහිටවූවීම සඳහා,  අළුතෙන් නිදහස ලැබූ රටක් වූ  කාටාර් හා 1966 දී  නගරය එක්වූ අතර, එම වසරෙහිදීම තෙල් සොයා ගන්නා ලදි. තෙල් ආර්ථිකය විසින් විදේශීය සේවකයන්ගේ මහත් විසල්  ආගමනයකට මග පාදමින්, නගරය 300% ක විහිදුමකට ලක් කරමින් හා තෙල්  පිළිබඳ විදේශීය ලැදිකම් කැටුව ඒමට සමත් විය. නවීන ඩුබායි එමිරේටය නිර්මාණය කරන ලද්දේ  1971 දී එක්සත් රාජධානිය ප්‍රදේශය හැර දා යෑමෙන් පසුවය. මෙම අවස්ථාවෙහිදී, ඩුබායි,  අබුඩාබි සහ අනෙකුත් එමිරේට පහක් එක්ව, එක්සත් අරාබි එමීර් රාජ්‍යය පිහිටුවන ලදී. ජෙබෙල් අලි අවට, 1979 දී  නිදහස් වෙළෙඳ කලාපයක් පිහිටුවන ලද අතර, විදේශීය සමාගම් වලට සීමා බන්ධන රහිතව ශ්‍රමිකයන් ආනයනයද මූල ධනය අපනයනයද සඳහා අවකාශ සැලසීය. 1990 දී සිදුවූ  ගල්ෆ් යුද්ධය නිසා නගරය කෙරෙහි සෘණ මූල්‍ය බලපෑමක් ඇතිවූයේ, තැන්පතුකරුවන් විසින් ඔවුන්ගේ මුදල්  ආපසු ගත් අතර වෙළෙඳුන් ඔවුන්ගේ වෙළෙඳාම අත් හැර යෑමද නිසා වන අතර, ඉක්බිතිව දේශපාලන වාතාවරනය වෙනසකට ලක් වීම හේතුවෙන්  නගරය ප්‍රකෘති  තත්ත්වයට පත්ව සඵල දියුණුවට ලක් විය.

ඩුබායි හි ප්‍රධානතම ආර්ථික සාධකය තෙල් කර්මාන්තය වුවත් වර්තමානයෙහි එහි ප්‍රධාන ආදායම් මාර්ග ලෙස සංචාරක කර්මාන්තය, ස්වභාව සෞන්දර්යය සහ වාණිජ සේවා ප්‍රමුඛ තැනක් ගනි. ඩුබායි වෙළෙඳපොළ ප්‍රධාන පසුබැමකට ලක්වීමේ අත්දැකීම් ලැබුවේ 2008 හා 2009 වසර වලදි සිදුවුයේ ලෝක ආර්ථිකය කඩා වැටීමත් සමගිනි. එය 20% කින් නිවැරැදි කර ගැනිමට 2011 දි අපේක්ෂා කරයි.

අගනුවර
එක්සත් අරාබි එමීර් රජ්‍යය

ඩුබායි


FC Rosengård, før Malmö FF Dam (1970–2007) og LdB FC Malmö (2007–2013), er en professionel fodboldklub baseret i Malmö, Skåne, Sverige. Klubben blev etaberet som Malmö FF Dam i 1970 og har spillet 35 sæsoner i kvindernes topdivision, af hvilke 7 i 1. division (indtil 1987) og 28 i Damallsvenskan (siden dens etablering i 1988). Holdet har vundet ligaen ti gange, senest i 2015. Pr. 2015 rangerer holdet nummer et i tabellen over Damallsvenskan til alle tider. FC Rosengård spiller deres hjemmekampe i Malmö IP i Malmö. Klubben, som de lagde sammen med, FC Rosengård, har både hold for mænd og kvindernes hold.

Spillertruppen

Resultater
Note: Malmö FF Dam, LdB FC Malmö og FC Rosengård er alle talt med her

Hjemme

Liga
 Damallsvenskan (topdivision)
 Vindere (12): 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2019, 2021, 2022
 Toer (11): 1989, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2012, 2016
 Division 1 Södra (topdivision)
 Vindere (1): 1986
 Division 2 Södra Götaland (næstbedste division)
 Vindere (1): 1980

Cup
 Svenska Cupen:
 Vindere (5): 1990, 1997, 2016, 2017, 2018
 Toer (1): 2003, 2015
 Svenska Supercupen:
 Vindere (4): 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016

Resultater fra UEFA turneringer
Alle resulter (ude, hjemme og sammenlagt) viser Rosengårds mål først.

a Første kamp.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kvindefodboldklubber i Sverige
Etableret i 1970

FC Rosengård


Gokels, Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Rendsburg-Eckernförde iline bağlı bölge. 10,64 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 31 Aralık 2003 itibarıyla yaklaşık 598 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Klaus Kähler tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amthanerau-hademarschen.de

Rendsburg-Eckernförde iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Gokels


المخلوق العجيب ذو الرأسين وبالإنجليزية The Incredible 2-Headed Transplant هو فيلم رعب خيال علمي أمريكي تم عرضه عام 1971،
ويدور حول عالم مجنون يقوم بزرع رأس قاتل مجنون في جسد ضخم لبستاني متخلف عقلياً بجانب رأسه مما يؤدي إلى تكوين قاتل مجنون متخلف عقلياً.

شخصيات الفيلم
 بروس ديرن.
 بات بريست.
 جون بلووم.
 بارى كروجر

فريق العمل
 إخراج: أنتوني أم لانزا .
 سيناريو : جيمس جوردون وايت وجون لورانس .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أفلام العلماء المجانين
أفلام أمريكية
أفلام أمريكية في عقد 1970
أفلام أميركان إنترناشيونال بيكشرز
أفلام إنتاج 1971
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 1970
أفلام خيال علمي رعب أمريكية
أفلام خيال علمي رعب عقد 1970
أفلام رعب 1971
أفلام عن زراعة الأعضاء
زراعة الأعضاء في الخيال

المخلوق العجيب ذو الرأسين (فيلم)


The Man They Called The Healer er en kortfilm fra 1994 instrueret af Peter Lind efter manuskript af Peter Lind.

Handling
En thriller. Datteren, hendes syge moder og stedfaderen, de ringer efter natlægen. 100% kærlighed, had, kunst og mord. En historie der fortæller om det her i livet, der virkelig gælder.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1994

The Man They Called The Healer


Gheorghe Popovici se poate referi la:

 Gheorghe Popovici (1859-1933), pictor și desenator român
 George Popoviciu (1862-1927), preot, protopop, teolog și istoric român
 Gheorghe Popovici (1863-1905), jurist, istoric și poet român
 Gheorghe Popovici (sec. XIX-sec. XX), avocat român, delegat la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
 fiul său George Popovici (1895-?), medic, la fel delegat la Marea Adunare Națională

Gheorghe Popovici (dezambiguizare)


Trairi es un municipio del estado brasileño del Ceará.
Se encuentra en el centro-norte del Estado del Ceará, localizándose entre los meridianos 39°31´37´´ y 39°09´02´´ de longitud al oeste de Greenwich y los paralelos 03°10´10´´ y 03°35´57´´ de latitud sur. Ocupa un área de aproximadamente 924,56 km², que corresponde al 0,62% del territorio del Estado. Se encuentra en la Microrregión de Itapipoca, según el IBGE, que dividió el estado en 33 Microrregiones Geográficas. De acuerdo con División Político-Administrativa del Estado del Ceará, que estableció 20 Áreas Administrativas, se encuentra en la Región 2 que tiene como sede el municipio de Itapipoca. La división territorial del municipio está compuesta por 05 distritos: la Sede, el distrito de Mundaú, el distrito de Canaã,el distrito de Guajiru y el distrito de Gualdrapas.

Demografía
Tiene una población de 50.788 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página de la prefectura
 Municipios cearenses (TRAIRI)

 Playas del Trairi

Localidades de Ceará

Trairi


برنامج تلفزيوني يقدم على قناة الجزيرة الإخبارية من قطر، يركز البرنامج على شخصية الحلقة وهي شخصية عربية مغتربة في المهجر، ولكن هذا البرنامج يركز على أهل بلاد الشام والمصريين مع جزء قليل من أهل المغرب العربي.

برامج قناة الجزيرة

موعد في المهجر


Cönk, Türk halk edebiyatında saz şairlerinin, kendilerinin veya başkalarının şiirlerini derledikleri, (alttan yukarıya) uzunlamasına açılan, çoğunlukla deri kaplı defter. Antolojiye benzeyen bu defterlere halk dilinde sığır dili, ya da dana dili de denmektedir.

Türkçede 15. yüzyıldan beri kullanılmakta olan cönk sözcüğünün kökeni hakkında farklı düşünceler öne sürülmüş olsa da bugün Türkçede farklı iki kökenden geldiği düşünülen iki farklı cönk sözcüğü vardır. Türkçe kökenli cönk sözcüğü, halk edebiyatına dair bir terimdir. Malezya dili kökenli cönk sözcüğü ise büyük yelkenli gemi manasındadır. Cönkler genellikle Arap harfleriyle yazılmıştır. Genellikle besmele ile başlar ve temmet (tamamlandı) ibaresiyle biter.

Cönkler çoğunlukla anonim mahiyettedir, yani yazarlarını bilinmemektedir. Her ne kadar cönklerde genel anlamda saz şairlerinin şiirleri yer alsa da, salt saz şairlerince yazılmış şiirlere yer verildiğini söylemek doğru olmaz. Çok sık olmasa da divan şairlerine ait şiirleri de ihtiva ederler. Dinî bilgiler ihtiva eden, çeşitli hutbe ve vaaz metinleri barındıran dini ağırlıklı cönkler de mevcuttur. Örnek olarak 16. yüzyılda Dede Efendi tarafından yazılmış olan Dede cöngü verilebilir. Bunların dışında cönkler dualar, şifa reçeteleri, büyü tarifleri, maniler, hikâyeler gibi birçok farklı bilgiyi barındırabilir. İçeriklerine göre cönkler, ilahi cöngü, aşık cöngü gibi isimlendirilebilir.

Türk edebi tarihinin önemli bir kısmını oluşturan aşık ve tasavvuf edebiyatları ile ilgili bilinenlerin çoğu cönkler sayesinde olmuştur. Metodolojik açıdan modern derlemelerden çok uzak olsalar da, cönkler eski dönemlerin halkını ve edebi hayatını anlamak için çok önemlidirler.

Kaynakça

Edebiyat terimleri
Halk edebiyatı

Cönk


Arroyo Maciel ist der Name folgender Flüsse:

 Arroyo Maciel (Río San Salvador), Nebenfluss des Río San Salvador, Uruguay
 Arroyo Maciel (Río Yí), Nebenfluss des Río Yí, Uruguay

Arroyo Maciel


Sekundærrute 223 er en rutenummereret landevej på Sjælland.

Ruten strækker sig fra Helsinge til Rågeleje.

Rute 223 har en længde på ca. 10 km.

Kilder

223

Sekundærrute 223


Referentni centar je zdravstvena ustanova ili dio zdravstvene ustanove kojoj ministar zdravstva na prijedlog nekog tijela (u Hrvatskoj Nacionalnog zdravstvenog vijeća) ili sličnog tijela, uz pribavljeno mišljenje stručnog medicinskog društva, a u skladu s odredbama odgovarajućih zakona ili pravilnika, dodjeljuje naziv referentnog centra. Rok se dodjeljuje na određeni rok i može se produžiti, pokaže li se da dotični referentni centar i dalje udovoljava kriterijima. Kriteriji za dodjelu naziva referentnog centra su među ostalim postignuti znanstveni i stručni rezultati u praćenju, proučavanju i unaprijeđenju dijagnostike i/ili terapije u dijelu medicinske struke koji odgovaraju svjetskim standardima, a očituju se kroz neki srednji rok, dokazanu suradnju s uglednim ustanovama istog stručnog područja u inozemstvu ili međunarodnim ustanovama kroz razmjenu stručnjaka, zajedničke znanstvene projekte ili druge vidove suradnje, dokazanu kontinuiranu uspješnost u znanstvenom radu realiziranjem znanstvenih projekata putem ministarstva ili odgovarajućeg drugog državnog tijela ili međunarodnih projekata (najmanje jedan), primjerka novih dijagnostičkih ili terapijskih metoda odnosno postupaka, primjena novih iz svijeta preuzetih dijagnostičkih i terapijskih metoda i postupaka koji se prvi put u svojoj državi uvode u dijagnostici i terapiji odgovarajuće bolesti odnosno grupe bolesti, obrađene podatke o dijagnostici i/ili liječenju bolesnika od spomenute bolesti odnosno grupe bolesti s pokazateljima o postignutim rezultatima u liječenju. Drugu skupinu kriterija čine postignuti stručno-kadrovski uvjeti koji se očituju kroz: određen broj zdravstvenih djelatnika sa znanstveno-nastavnim odnosno znanstvenim zvanjima (donja granica broja docenata, izvanrednih ili redovnih profesora odnosno zvanja znanstvenog suradnika, višeg znanstvenog suradnika ili znanstvenog savjetnika), određen broj objavljenih znanstvenih radova u indeksiranim medicinskim časopisima djelatnika uposlenih u zdravstvenoj ustanovi odnosno dijelu znanstvene ustanove s temama usko vezanim uz dijagnostiku i/ili terapiju odgovarajuće bolesti odnosno grupe bolesti (zadana donja granica broja 10 radova u ukupnom opusu, i radi aktualnost ti u recentnom razdoblju neka minimalna zahtijevana količina radova). Treća skupina kriterija obuhvaća odgovarajući prostor, knjižnicu i medicinsko-tehničku opremu koji omogućavaju rad na pružanju stručno-metodološke pomoći u dijagnostici i/ili terapiji bolesti odnosno grupe bolesti, utvrđivanje doktrinarnih kriterija za dijagnostiku i/ili liječenje bolesti te upoznavanje zdravstvenih djelatnika s najnovijim u svijetu prihvaćenim saznanjima o pojedinoj bolesti odnosno grupi bolesti te njenoj dijagnostici i terapiji, a očituju se kroz prostorne uvjete koji su iznad standarda predvidenih za zdravstvene ustanove spomenutog područja s osiguranim učionicama, knjižnicu sa svjetski priznatim časopisima iz područja rada ustanove te časopisima koji se izdaju u vlastitoj državi, a indeksiranih u najvažnijim stranim sekundarnim i tercijarnim publikacijama, te najsuvremeniju medicinsko-tehničku opremu koja je prema svjetskim standardima priznata i prihvaćena u izučavanju, dijagnostici i/ili terapiji odgovarajuće bolesti odnosno grupe bolesti.

Vidi
Dodatak:Popis referentnih centara Ministarstva zdravstva Republike Hrvatske

Izvori

Zdravstvo

Referentni centar (zdravstvo)


التقنية العالية  هي التقنية المتواجدة في الوضع الأكثر تقدما المتوفر حالياً. يشير المصطلح في كثير من الأحيان للصناعات المتعلقة بعالم الحوسبة، ولكنه يشمل أيضاً الإلكترونيات، البيوتكنولوجيا ومجالات أخرى.

لا توجد فئة معينة من التقنيات يمكن تعريفها تلقائيا كتقنية عالية، لأن تعريفها يتغير مع مرور الوقت؛ بحيث أن منتجات اعتبرت كتقنية عالية في الستينات من القرن الماضي، إن لم تكن تقنية منخفضة في زمننا، فإنها على الأقل بدائية بشكل ما. هذا التعريف الغامض شجع أقسام التسويق على اعتبار كل شيء جديد تقريبا تقنية حديثة.

تعرف هذه التقنية أيضًا بالتقنية المتقدمة أو الخارجية،  هي التكنولوجيا التي تكون في طليعة التطور، أي أعلى شكل من أشكال التكنولوجيا المتاحة. يمكن تعريفها إما على أنها التكنولوجيا الأكثر تعقيدًا أو الأحدث في السوق. والعكس من التكنولوجيا العالية هي التكنولوجيا المنخفضة، والتي تشير إلى التكنولوجيا البسيطة والتقليدية أو الميكانيكية؛ على سبيل المثال، قد يكون القرص الدائري هو جهاز حساب منخفض التقنية. وعندما تصبح التكنولوجيا العالية قديمة، فإنها تصبح تكنولوجيا منخفضة التقنية، مثل الإلكترونيات التي تستخدم الصمام المفرغ.

ظهر المصطلح أول مرة في عام 1958 في مقالة لصحيفة نيويورك تايمز تدعو إلى "الطاقة الذرية" لأوروبا: "... غرب أوروبا، مع سكانها الكثيف وتكنولوجياها العالية...". واستخدم روبرت ميتز المصطلح في عام 1969 في مقالة، حيث قال إن آرثر كولينز من شركة رُوك ويل كولينز التقنية "تسيطر على عشرات براءات اختراع تتعلق بالتكنولوجيا العالية في مجموعة متنوعة من المجالات"، وفي مقالة عام 1971 استخدمت النسخة المختصرة من المصطلح "التكنولوجيا العالية".

قدمت منظمة التعاون والتنمية الاقتصادية، تصنيفًا واسع الاستخدام لصناعات التصنيع ذات التكنولوجيا العالية في عام 2006، ويستند هذا التصنيف إلى كثافة أنشطة البحث والتطوير المستخدمة في هذه الصناعات داخل دول المنظمة، ممّا يؤدي إلى أربع فئات متميزة.

ويُشار في بعض الأحيان إلى الشركات الناشئة التي تعمل على التكنولوجيا العالية (أو تطوير التكنولوجيا الجديدة) باسم التقنية العميقة؛ ويمكن أن يشير هذا المصطلح أيضًا إلى الابتكارات المزعزعة أو تلك التي تستند إلى الاكتشافات العلمية. ويمكن أن يشير مصطلح التكنولوجيا العالية، على عكس اللمسة العالية، إلى التجارب ذاتية الخدمة التي لا تحتاج إلى تفاعل بشري.

قطاعات التكنولوجيا
 الطيران
 السيارات
 الذكاء الاصطناعي
 التكنولوجيا الحيوية
 البرمجيات
 الهندسة الكهربائية
 نظم المعلومات
 الضوئيات
 تكنولوجيا النانو
 الفيزياء النووية
 الروبوتات
 الاتصالات السلكية واللاسلكية

في مجال العمارة
التصميم بالتكنولوجيا الفائقة تنطوي على استخدام مواد مرتبطة بالصناعة والتكنولوجيا الفائقة من عامي 1980 و1990، مثل الأطر والكسوة المعدنية والمنسوجات والمواد المركبة. مباني التكنولوجيا العالية لها نوافذ كبيرة وغالبا ما تظهر للعالم الخارجي الأنشطة ألداخلية. وعادة هي مزيج من منحنيات هائلة وخطوط مستقيمة. بطرق متنوعه التكنولوجيا العالية هي ردة فعل ضد العمارة القبيحة التي ليس لها خصائص ما بعد الحداثة. أسلوب التكنولوجيا العالية هو الذي نشأ في 1980 والذي ما يزال خيارا شعبيا. في المملكة المتحدة، من أنصار الرئيسي ريتشارد روجرز، ونورمان فوستر

مراجع

تصميم
تكنولوجيا حسب النوع
حركات معمارية
حواسيب
علم الاقتصاد

تقنية عالية


was a village located in Satsuma District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 1,900 and the density of 54.10 persons per km2. The total area was 35.12 km2.

On October 12, 2004, Kamikoshiki, along with the city of Sendai, the towns of Hiwaki, Iriki, Kedōin and Tōgō, and the villages of Kashima, Sato and Shimokoshiki (all from Satsuma District), was merged to create the city of Satsumasendai.

Dissolved municipalities of Kagoshima Prefecture

Kamikoshiki, Kagoshima


Capital One Arena is an indoor arena in Washington, D.C. Located in the Chinatown section of the larger Penn Quarter neighborhood, the arena sits atop the Gallery Place rapid transit station of the Washington Metro. The arena was opened on December 2, 1997 as the MCI Center but renamed to Verizon Center in 2006 when MCI was acquired by Verizon Communications and changed again to its current name in 2017.

Owned and operated by Monumental Sports & Entertainment, it is the home arena of the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the Georgetown University men's basketball team. It was also home to the Washington Mystics of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) from 1998 to 2018, after which they moved to the Entertainment and Sports Arena in southeast Washington for the 2019 season.

Though the arena project was a commercial success for its backers, it has contributed to the gentrification of the surrounding area, the displacement of most of its Asian-American residents (the local Chinese-American population, which numbered over 3,000 before the arena's construction, was a mere 300 in 2023), and the replacement of the most of the small businesses and restaurants that served the Asian-American community by large national corporations.

History
The block where the arena was built, between 6th and 7th and F and G Streets, historically held a mix of residences and small businesses. By the 1960s, it was suffering from urban decay, like much of the eastern end of Downtown Washington. In 1973, while the Gallery Place Metro station was being developed below it, the District government bought the land in hopes of redeveloping it. Capital Landmark Associates was selected in 1979 to develop the site with a planned mixed-use complex including retail, offices, apartments, and a hotel. Most of the remaining buildings on the site were demolished in 1985. The project languished for many years but never materialized, and was finally canceled in 1992.

Before the arena's opening, the Capitals and the Wizards (then known as the Washington Bullets) played at USAir Arena in the Washington suburb of Landover, Maryland. The teams experienced subpar attendance because the location was inconvenient for both Washington and Baltimore residents, and their arena, though only 20 years old, was not up to the standards of other NBA and NHL venues. In December 1993, Abe Pollin, the owner of both teams, began studying options to move the teams to a new arena to be built with public financing, with possible locations including Baltimore, downtown Washington, and Laurel, Maryland.

A group of Washington business leaders brokered a deal between Pollin and the District government to build an arena at the Gallery Place site, with the District paying for the $150 million project, which was envisioned to have shopping, food, and exhibitors for daily use even when there was no arena event. The D.C. Council approved a special tax on businesses to finance the deal. However, a competing proposal soon emerged, when Robert Johnson, head of Black Entertainment Television, offered to build the arena with mostly private financing. With the arena deal facing criticism amid the District's budget crisis, Pollin eventually agreed to privately fund the construction of the building, which ultimately came to $200 million (US$ in  dollars). The District would pay for other costs, including purchasing the portion of the land it did not already own, preparing the site, and expanding the Metro station; these eventually amounted to $79 million (US$ in  dollars). The District leased the land to Pollin at a below-market rate of $300,000 per year.

A naming rights deal was struck with MCI Communications to name the arena as the MCI Center. The groundbreaking ceremony for the project was held in October 1995. On December 2, 1997, the arena held its first event, a game between the Wizards and the Seattle SuperSonics, with President Bill Clinton in attendance. The arena had a  Discovery Channel Store from 1998 to 2001 and the MCI National Sports Gallery, an interactive sports museum with interactive games, memorabilia, and the American Sportscasters Hall of Fame inside from 1998 to 2000 or 2001 which was repurposed for office space. Clinton toured the gallery before the game, playing the museum games. A block of F Street NW between 6th and 7th Street NW outside the arena was declared Fun Street, complete with signage. This block later was declared Abe Pollin Way in 2007. The arena was noted for building spectator seats vertically rather than out, creating better views for all attending albeit with limited leg room in the upper levels, as well as spacious quarters for players and coaches with advanced competitive research technology. The arena concourse featured multimedia arenaNet stations where fans could check scores, watch highlights, and send digital postcards over email. These replaced an abandoned idea to have smart seats with televisions and technology that was scrapped due to technological challenges. Arena technology was powered by a virtual LAN software and switching technology called ArenaNET from Cabletron Systems.

In 1999, a group led by technology executive Ted Leonsis bought a 36% stake in Pollin's holdings, including the MCI Center, as well as full ownership of the Capitals. The Leonsis group increased its stake to 44% in 2000.

In January 2006, Verizon Communications purchased MCI and the arena's name was changed accordingly to Verizon Center. VIDA Fitness opened its first location in the arena that same year. The following year, in 2007, the "first true indoor high-definition LED scoreboard" was installed in the arena.

In June 2010, following Pollin's death in November 2009, the Leonsis group, newly organized as Monumental Sports & Entertainment, bought out Pollin's interests, gaining full ownership of the arena and the Wizards.

A report emerged in May 2015 that Verizon would not renew its naming rights to the Verizon Center when its agreement with Monumental was to end in 2018. In the same week, it was announced that Etihad Airways signed a deal to become the official airline of the arena, sparking speculation that Etihad might be the leading contender to assume naming rights in 2017. However, on August 9, 2017, it was announced the bank Capital One had purchased the rights, renaming the venue Capital One Arena.

In 2019 and 2020, Monumental Sports and Entertainment Network undertook a $30 million renovation of the stadium. This included completely replacing the arena's seating, improving the concourse, and altering many of the arena's dining options. A new, larger overhead video board was also added as well as a new SkyRing video screen that goes around the top of the arena.

In July 2020, bookmaker William Hill opened a sportsbook at the arena, following the 2018 legalization of sports betting in Washington. It was the first brick-and-mortar sportsbook in the District, and the first to open at a professional sports venue in the United States.

On June 23, 2023, The Washington Post reported that Monumental Sports and Entertainment Network was considering moving the Wizards and Capitals to a new arena in the National Landing area of Arlington in Northern Virginia if the Washington, D.C. government did not invest in upgrades to the arena and surrounding area. Despite this, the article outlined that the city intends on continuing its dialogue with the company to keep the teams in Capital One Arena.

Sports

Ice hockey

The arena has been home to the Capitals NHL team since its opening. As a result, numerous memorable moments in franchise history have occurred in the arena. The arena hosted games three and four of the 1998 Stanley Cup Finals, when the Capitals lost to the Detroit Red Wings in four games. The Red Wings hoisted the namesake Stanley Cup in the arena on June 16, 1998, after winning game four by a score of 4–1. On April 5, 2008, the Capitals won the Southeast Division in the last game of the regular season, after beating the Florida Panthers 3–1. Game 2 of the 2009 Eastern Conference semifinals between the Capitals and the Pittsburgh Penguins, played on May 4, 2009, saw dueling hat tricks from Ovechkin and rival Sidney Crosby of the Pittsburgh Penguins, culminating in a 4–3 victory for Washington thanks to an additional goal from David Steckel. The arena also hosted games three and four of the 2018 Stanley Cup Finals. The Capitals won both games and then went on to win game five in Las Vegas to capture the Stanley Cup for the first major sports championship for a Washington, D.C. team since the 1991 Washington Redskins. The Capitals had their Stanley Cup banner installation ceremony in the arena before their first game of the next season, which took place on October 3, 2018.

Also, the arena hosted the 2009 "Frozen Four", the final round of the 2009 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament.

Basketball

The arena has been home to the Wizards NBA team since its opening and was home to the Washington Mystics WNBA team from 1998 to 2018, before moving to a new, smaller arena in the Congress Heights area of southeast Washington. The Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team has also played there since the arena's opening. The arena has hosted three basketball all star games: the 2001 NBA All-Star Game and the 2002 and 2007 WNBA All-Star Games. The arena has been home to many playoff games but has yet to host an NBA finals series.

The arena has hosted NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament rounds several times. It hosted first and second round games in 1998, 2002, 2008 and 2011, and hosted the regional finals in 2006, 2013 and 2019. Most notably the 2005–06 George Mason Patriots men's basketball team from nearby Fairfax, Virginia advanced to the Final Four in the arena. The arena also hosted the Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament in 2018 and 2022. It hosted the ACC men's basketball tournament in 2005 and 2016, and will host it again in 2024. In 2017 the arena hosted the Big Ten men's basketball tournament.

The Harlem Globetrotters play in the arena on an annual basis.

Fighting and wrestling
In the professional fighting world, the arena has hosted WWE events, as well as the final four editions of WCW's Starrcade. The arena has hosted Backlash in 2000, SummerSlam in 2005, Cyber Sunday in 2007, Survivor Series in 2009, Capitol Punishment in 2011, and Battleground in 2016. The arena frequently hosts Raw and SmackDown shows as well. The arena was also home to Mike Tyson's final fight (Mike Tyson vs. Kevin McBride) on June 11, 2005. On October 1, 2011, UFC Live: Cruz vs. Johnson was held at the arena.

On December 7, 2019, UFC on ESPN: Overeem vs. Rozenstruik was held at the arena.

On October 2, 2019, Capital One Arena hosted AEW Dynamite, the first televised professional wrestling event by All Elite Wrestling. It was broadcast on TNT in the United States of America and on ITV4 in the United Kingdom.

Arena football
In 2017, the Washington Valor began play at the arena for their inaugural season in the Arena Football League. The Valor folded in 2019 and the arena has not hosted an Arena League game since.

Gymnastics and figure skating
The arena hosted the 2003 World Figure Skating Championships and the 2016 Kellogg's Tour of Gymnastics Champions.

Music and other entertainment
The arena is a major location for concerts and cultural events in the D.C. region. Among the musical performers, cultural figures, and entertainment shows that have performed at the arena are Duran Duran, Ricardo Arjona, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, Muse, Paul McCartney, Queen, U2, Iron Maiden, Lady Gaga, Madonna, The Three Tenors, Drake, Barbra Streisand, Bon Jovi, Prince, Tim McGraw,
Faith Hill, Beyoncé, the Dalai Lama, Tina Turner, Keith Urban, Paul Simon, Sting, The Police, Taylor Swift, Coldplay, Tyler, the Creator, Elton John, Usher, Green Day, the Who, Bad Bunny, Billie Eilish, Dua Lipa, Harry Styles, Trans-Siberian Orchestra, Cage the Elephant, Monster Jam, Disney on Ice, K-POP group Seventeen, Howard University graduation speech by U.S. President Joe Biden, and a Michelle Obama book tour event.

The Washington International Horse Show took place every October in the arena for more than 20 years through 2019, after which it was moved out because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Criticism

Gentrification
When the arena opened, there was concern that it would lead to the displacement of Chinese businesses and culture in the area that is the city's Chinatown. The surrounding area has indeed been dramatically gentrified, and most of the Chinese residents and businesses who lived and operated in the neighborhood when the arena first opened have been displaced because of the spike in real estate prices. 2011 estimates hold that the number of Chinese in the neighborhood is down to around 400 to 500. The Chinese-owned restaurants and businesses in the Chinatown area are largely gone and there has not been a full-service Chinese grocery in the neighborhood since 2005.

Ice quality issues
In December 2007, then-Capitals captain Chris Clark stated that he believed the arena had the worst ice in the NHL. "There's a lot of ruts in the ice. It's soft. It's wet half the time. I could see a lot of injuries coming from the ice there. It could cost [players] their jobs... Even guys on other teams say the same thing. When we're facing off, they say, 'How do you guys play on this?'" Capitals owner Ted Leonsis addressed this criticism directly. The ice quality issue has been persistent both since the opening of the facility and with the Capitals franchise in general. Since Leonsis' acquisition of the facility, the quality of the ice has improved and number of complaints has noticeably decreased. During playoff games, the arena installs additional portable refrigeration units outside the arena to aid the ice conditions during the warm and humid summer months.

Gallery

See also
 List of NCAA Division I basketball arenas
 List of National Hockey League arenas
 List of National Basketball Association arenas
 Sports in Washington, D.C.

References

1997 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Basketball venues in Washington, D.C.
Capital One
Chinatown (Washington, D.C.)
College basketball venues in the United States
College ice hockey venues in the United States
Georgetown Hoyas basketball venues
Gymnastics venues in Washington, D.C.
Indoor ice hockey venues in Washington, D.C.
Indoor lacrosse venues in the United States
Mixed martial arts venues in Washington, D.C.
National Basketball Association venues
National Hockey League venues
Sports venues completed in 1997
Washington Wizards
Washington Mystics
Washington Capitals

Capital One Arena


Meridian Lossless Packing, also known as Packed PCM (PPCM), is a lossless compression technique for PCM audio data developed by Meridian Audio, Ltd. MLP is the standard lossless compression method for DVD-Audio content (often advertised with the Advanced Resolution logo) and typically provides about 1.5:1 compression on most music material.  All DVD-Audio players are equipped with MLP decoding, while its use on the discs themselves is at their producers' discretion.

Dolby TrueHD, used in Archival Disc Blu-ray and HD DVD, employs MLP,
but compared with DVD-Audio, adds higher bit rates, 8 full-range channels, extensive metadata, and custom speaker placements (as specified by SMPTE).

Standard DVD has a maximum transfer rate of 9.6 Mb/s, making it impossible to store 6 channels of 24-bit/96 kHz uncompressed audio.
MLP is designed to reduce the peak data rate below that rate, as well as reduce average data rate,
unlike most data compression algorithms that focus only on reducing the average data rates.

In order to be able to quickly start decoding at any point in the audio stream, such as when jumping to a particular time while editing, or restart decoding after transmission errors,
MLP puts restart information approximately every 5 ms in the compressed audio stream.

MLP in packaged media formats

See also
 Direct Stream Transfer
 FLAC
 Monkey's Audio
 TTA
 WavPack
 Master Quality Authenticated

References

External links
Dolby TrueHD announcement
Meridian Lossless Packing (MLP) in a Nutshell
"MLP Lossless Compression" by Bob Stuart of Meridian Audio, Ltd.
MLP on MultimediaWiki

Lossless audio codecs
DVD

Meridian Lossless Packing