A Infância de Romeu e Julieta é uma telenovela brasileira, produzida e exibida pelo SBT em parceria com o Prime Video, desde 8 de maio de 2023, substituindo Poliana Moça.

Baseada em Romeu e Julieta de William Shakespeare, é adaptada por Íris Abravanel, com colaboração de Denise Barbosa, Danilo Castro, Fernando Pripas, Grace Iwashita, Gustavo Braga, Marcela Arantes e Fany Higuera com supervisão de texto de Rita Valente e direção geral de Ricardo Mantoanelli.

Conta com Vittória Seixas, Miguel Ângelo, Bianca Rinaldi, Juliana Schalch, Fábio Ventura, Karin Hils, Luiz Guilherme, Lu Grimaldi nos papéis principais.

Esta é a sétima telenovela infantil seguida a ser produzida pelo SBT e a terceira sem ser alguma readaptação de algum título estrangeiro desde a sua implantação em 2012.

Enredo
A trama se passa em um bairro chamado Castanheiras, em que duas famílias com propostas diferentes para esse bairro vivem em discórdia, sendo divididas entre os lados Torre (Monteiro) e Vila (Campos). Entretanto, Romeu (Miguel Ângelo) e Julieta (Vittória Seixas) se conhecem, daí em diante, as famílias rivais têm uma nova oportunidade de trazer paz e união entre o convívio deles.

Muito conhecida pelo bairro, Julieta Campos é uma menina aventureira e descolada que anda de skate pela redondeza. É a neta do respeitado Hélio Campos (Luiz Guilherme), treinador renomado que comanda o centro esportivo da região, o CEC. Ela também convive com sua avó e confidente, Clara Campos (Lu Grimaldi). Enquanto isso, Romeu Monteiro foi incentivado pelos pais, Vera Monteiro (Bianca Rinaldi) e Bernardo Monteiro (Fábio Ventura), desde pequeno a jogar tênis e tem o melhor professor para lhe dar aulas no condomínio. Mas ele não tem essa mesma paixão pelo esporte solitário, prefere os coletivos, que pode jogar e se divertir com os amigos. Romeu também convive com Gláucia Monteiro (Karin Hils), sua tia e irmã de Bernardo.

Doze anos atrás, por causa de um equívoco, a mãe de Julieta foi presa injustamente graças aos Monteiro, que acreditam que ela sequestrou Romeu quando ele ainda era um bebê. Quando descobrem o problema do passado, Romeu e Julieta não sabem como vão fazer para ficarem juntos diante da rivalidade entre as famílias.

A notícia do romance também chega às famílias, que não gostam nada da história e tratam de afasta-los imediatamente, aprontando várias situações. Romeu e Julieta querem acabar com essa hostilidade e tentam ir atrás de uma solução, mas ao descobrirem mais sobre a história de seus pais, percebem que pode ser impossível.

Entre as tramas paralelas está um grupinho similar ao Clubinho Magabelo de As Aventuras de Poliana, que é composto por Ian (Miguel Soares), um menino que costuma usar muito a imaginação e convive com Leon (Matheus Ueta), seu melhor amigo imaginário que usa uma roupa de leão e é visto somente por Ian, que também é considerado um "doido" por outros personagens, Nath (Arlyane Carvalho), uma menina simpática que junto com Ellen (Bella Alelaf), sua melhor amiga, tentam procurar um lugar para brincar e Dimitri (Samuel Estevam), um menino que não tem medo de nada e gosta de ajudar as pessoas, enfrentando os Pedalzeiras, um grupo de ciclistas composto por Muke (Gabriel Miller), Trapaça (Zaira Harue), Fê Dengosa (Antonella Dez) e Chilique (Miguel Trajano), cujo objetivo é dominar o parque inserindo seus adesivos nos brinquedos para andar de bicicleta e ameaçar quem cruzar seu território, proibindo as crianças do Castanheiras de se divertirem. Dimitri inicialmente era um membro do grupo, deixando o mesmo depois de pensar melhor sobre as suas atitudes.

Elenco

Participações especiais

Produção
A nova produção do SBT, conta com grandes nomes da dramaturgia e duas crianças como protagonistas. A trama trata de um adaptação da obra original de William Shakespeare, mas sem a tragédia principal da história. O folhetim tem direção artística de Fernando Pelegio. Além disso, trata-se do primeiro projeto da emissora em parceria com a Amazon Prime Video.

Escolha do elenco
Os primeiros nomes confirmados para a telenovela foram de Bianca Rinaldi e João Baldasserini. No caso da primeira, a novela marca seu retorno ao SBT, uma vez que seu último trabalho na emissora foi uma participação especial na sitcom Meu Cunhado (2004). Depois do trabalho, Bianca passou a protagonizar várias telenovelas na RecordTV até 2013, se tornando inclusive um dos maiores salários do canal, quando voltou para TV Globo (onde iniciou sua carreira como paquita em 1990, além de ter feito uma participação especial em Malhação 1997), ficando até 2018 no canal. O segundo participa de sua primeira produção fora da TV Globo após emendar vários trabalhos na emissora, sendo um deles em Salve-se Quem Puder (2020), onde foi um dos protagonistas. A trama também marca a estreia de Felipe Roque ao SBT, depois de suas passagens na Globo e na RecordTV.

Os testes para a seleção do elenco tiveram início em julho de 2022. O anúncio oficial dos primeiros nomes ocorreu em 31 de outubro, confirmando os estreantes Miguel Ângelo e Vittória Seixas como os protagonistas da história. Essa também será a primeira telenovela do SBT em que um protagonista é negro, uma vez que em Carrossel (2012), o personagem Cirilo Riveira (Jean Paulo Campos) era um co-protagonista. Também foram selecionados para o elenco a cantora e atriz Karin Hils, que retorna ao SBT após participar da adaptação de Carinha de Anjo (2016) e o ator Matheus Ueta, que volta para as telenovelas onze anos depois de ter interpretado Kokimoto em Carrossel.

Exibição
A novela tinha previsão inicial de estreia para o mês de abril de 2023 no Amazon Prime Video e em maio no SBT. Com o avanço das gravações, a nova previsão de estreia passa para o mês de abril na TV aberta e no streaming. Logo depois, foi confirmada a data de estreia para o dia 8 de maio de 2023 no SBT, ocupando o tradicional horário das 20h45min. A novela também estreia no streaming no mesmo dia, mas com os cinco primeiros capítulos disponíveis para os assinantes. A trama também tem os cinco capítulos semanais disponíveis às sextas-feiras, com o modelo adotado no dia 12 do mesmo mês.

Os primeiros teasers foram ao ar no dia 26 de fevereiro de 2023, durante os intervalos do Domingo Legal.

Queijo com Goiabada
Queijo com Goiabada é um podcast de entrevistas com o elenco e com membros da produção da novela apresentado por Ana Zimerman e Nicholas Torres. Os episódios são postados no canal oficial da TV ZYN no YouTube em formato de estreia nas terças-feiras logo depois da exibição do capítulo da novela. O primeiro episódio teve como entrevistada Vittória Seixas e teve sua exibição no dia 9 de maio de 2023, um dia depois da estreia da novela.

Audiência
Estreou com 6,3 pontos, picos de 6,7 e share de 9,3%, segundo dados consolidados do Kantar IBOPE Media, referentes à Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, fechando em terceiro lugar contra a RecordTV, que exibia os últimos minutos do Jornal da Record, a série-novela Reis e os primeiros minutos da reprise de Jesus (2018–19). Teve a estreia menos assistida do horário nobre desde o início da faixa infanto-juvenil em 2012. O segundo capítulo registrou 6,2 pontos. O terceiro capítulo registrou 6,7 pontos. O quinto capítulo registrou 5,2 pontos.

O compacto semanal, exibido aos sábados, registrou 4,3 pontos em 13 de maio de 2023, mas diferente da exibição diária, o resumo conquistou a vice-liderança isolada.

Em suas duas primeiras semanas, a novela oscilava com médias entre 5 e 6 pontos, apresentando até então um dos piores desempenhos no horário nobre em 13 anos, chegando a registrar 5,1 pontos no dia 19 de maio. No dia 26, registrou 4,7 pontos. No dia 5 de junho, registrou 4,3 pontos, sendo superada pelas reprises de Sortilégio (que é exibida na faixa vespertina) e Cúmplices de um Resgate (exibida em sequência). No dia 15, registrou 4,2 pontos. No dia seguinte (16), os índices novamente caem e a novela registra 3,9 pontos. No dia 23, a novela registra 3,7 pontos. No dia 21 de julho, registra 3,5 pontos.

Trilha sonora

 Lado a Lado (Tema de Abertura)
 Foi Assim (Tema de Romeu e Julieta)
 Menina Borboleta
 Pedalzera (Tema dos Pedalzera)
 Pré-Adolescência
 Família
 Infância
 O Amor nos Encontrou
 Lado Vila (Ska)
 Pra Sempre
 Turma do Bem
 Lado Torre
 Hino Cec
 Lá do Alto da Torre
 Foi Assim (Bonus Track) (Romeu)
 Foi Assim (Bonus Track) (Julieta)
 Me Controlar (Lívia e Alex)

Ligações externas

Telenovelas do SBT
2023 na televisão no Brasil
Programas de televisão do Brasil que estrearam em 2023
Telenovelas infantis
Telenovelas em português
Telenovelas da década de 2020
Telenovelas baseadas em livros

A Infância de Romeu e Julieta


RMS Empress of Ireland was a British-built ocean liner that sank near the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River in Canada following a collision in thick fog with the Norwegian collier  in the early hours of 29 May 1914. Although the ship was equipped with watertight compartments and, in the aftermath of the Titanic disaster two years earlier, carried more than enough lifeboats for all aboard, she foundered in only 14 minutes. Of the 1,477 people on board, 1,012 died, making it the worst peacetime maritime disaster in Canadian history.

Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering built Empress of Ireland and her sister ship, , at Govan on the Clyde in Scotland. The liners were commissioned by Canadian Pacific Steamships or CPR for the North Atlantic route between Liverpool and Quebec City. The transcontinental CPR and its fleet of ocean liners constituted the company's self-proclaimed "World's Greatest Transportation System". Empress of Ireland had just begun her 96th voyage when she was lost.

The wreck of Empress of Ireland lies in  of water, making it accessible to advanced divers. Many artifacts from the wreckage have been retrieved, some of which are on display in the Empress of Ireland Pavilion at the Site historique maritime de la Pointe-au-Père in Rimouski, Quebec, and at the Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The Canadian government has passed legislation to protect the site.

Background
Empress of Ireland was the second of a pair of ocean liners ordered by Canadian Pacific Steamships during their early years in operation on the North Atlantic. In 1903, Canadian Pacific officially entered the market for trans-Atlantic passenger travel between the United Kingdom and Canada. In February of that year, they had purchased Elder Dempster & Co, through which they obtained three ships from Elder's subsidiary, the Beaver Line. These ships were Lake Champlain, Lake Erie and Lake Manitoba, with Lake Champlain being the first to sail on the company's established route between Liverpool, England and Montreal, Quebec, the following April. The line proved to be successful on the North Atlantic trade, as in that first year, thirty-three westbound crossings were completed by those three ships, on which a combined total of 23,400 passengers traveled in third class, most of them immigrants bound for Canada.

Description and construction

In early 1904 work commenced at Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering in Glasgow, Scotland. The liners were designed by Francis Elgar and were specified to be twin screw liners with service speeds of . Both were of identical appearance, with two funnels and two masts, with equal passenger capacity of just over 1,500. In the early planning stages, their intended names were to have been Empress of Germany and Empress of Austria, but were later changed respectively to Empress of Britain and Empress of Ireland, following the implementation of a policy that any future Canadian Pacific ship named in the Empress format would be respectively named after a dependency or colony of the British Empire.

The ship's keel was laid down on 10 April 1905 for hull number 443 at Fairfield's berth number 4 next to her sister ship, , which was being built. Empress of Irelands length was  overall and  between perpendiculars. The beam was  and her depth was . Empress of Ireland had twin four-bladed propellers, each driven by a quadruple-expansion steam engine. Between them the two engines were rated at 3,168 NHP and gave her a service speed of . She had twin funnels and two masts.

Empress of Irelands safety features included ten watertight bulkheads which divided the hull into eleven compartments which could be sealed off through the means of closing twenty-four watertight doors. All eleven bulkheads extended from the double bottom up to directly beneath the Shelter Deck, equivalent to three decks above the waterline. By design theory, the vessels could remain afloat with up to two adjacent compartments open to the sea. However, what would prove to be the fatal flaw in her design in 1914 was that, unlike aboard  where the watertight doors could be closed by the means of a switch on the ship's bridge, the watertight doors aboard Empress of Ireland were required to be closed manually. Also, in the wake of the Titanic disaster, Empress of Ireland, like many other liners, had her lifesaving equipment updated. When she first entered service in 1906, she had been equipped with standard wooden lifeboats, which in 1912 were replaced with sixteen steel lifeboats mounted in conventional radial davits, under which were stored another twenty-six wooden collapsible lifeboats, all of which combined had a capacity of 1,686 persons, 280 more than the ship was licensed to carry.

Empress of Ireland was launched on 27 January 1906. With her original configuration she required a crew of 373, and had berths for 1,542 passengers in four classes on seven decks.

Accommodation

Empress of Irelands First Class accommodation, located amidships on the upper and lower promenade and shelter decks, could accommodate 310 passengers when fully booked. Their accommodation included access to the open boat deck and two enclosed promenade decks which wrapped the full exterior of the upper and lower promenade decks. Located on the upper promenade deck was the music room, with built-in sofas and a grand piano encircling one of the ships most notable features, the glass dome over the first class dining room. Also on this deck was the top landing of the first class main staircase, which as similarly seen aboard Titanic, faced aft and extended down two decks to the entrance of the first class dining room. Located on the lower promenade deck was the First class library, situated at the forward end of the deck with windows overlooking the ship's bow. Amidships was the first class cafe, which was pierced by the two-story well above the first class dining room, while at the aft end of the deck was the first class smoke room. One deck below on the shelter deck was the elegant first class dining room, which could seat 224 passengers in one sitting. In addition, a separate dining room for up to thirty first class children was located at the forward end of the deck. Finally, scattered across all three decks were arrays of two- and four-berth cabins.

The second class accommodation, in the stern on the lower Promenade, shelter, upper and main decks, could accommodate 150 more passengers than in first class, with a designed capacity for 468 in second class when fully booked. They were allotted open deck space at the after end of the lower promenade deck, extending from the after end of the superstructure to beneath the docking bridge at the end of the stern, while one deck below on the shelter deck was located additional deck space sheltered by the deck above. Also on the shelter deck were the second class smoke room, located at the aft end of the deck and designed in a similar but simpler fashion as what was seen in first class, with built-in sofas lining the outer walls and an adjacent bar. At the forward end of the deck, beneath the aft mast was the second class entrance, with a staircase running down two decks to the main deck. Aft of the main landing was the second class social hall, laid out in a fashion similar to the smoke room and provided with a piano, while forward of the entrance was the second class dining room, large enough to seat 256 passengers at one serving. On the starboard side of the upper deck and in the three compartments aft of the engine room casing on the main deck were an array of two and four berth cabins, designed to be interchangeable to both first class and third class. According to the ship's deck plans, cabins for 134 passengers on the upper deck were designed to be converted to first class cabins if needed, while the cabins for 234 passengers on the main deck could simultaneously be converted to be used for third class passengers if needed.

As for immigrants and lower-class travellers, Empress of Ireland was designed with accommodations which symbolised the dramatic shift in immigrant travel on the North Atlantic commonly seen between the turn of the 20th Century and the outbreak of the First World War, that being a general layout which included both the 'old' and 'new' steerage, which combined provided accommodations for 764 passengers at the forward end of the ship. Passengers travelling in these two classes had some shared public areas, including access to the forward well deck on the shelter deck, as well as a large open space on the Upper Deck very similar to the open space later seen aboard Titanic. This open space, which spanned the full width of the ship and the length of two watertight compartments, included wooden benches lining the outer walls, and a large children's sandbox enclosed by a wooden fence. At the after end of this space were two smaller public rooms, side by side against the adjacent bulkhead. On the port side was the third class ladies' room, which included a piano, while across on the starboard side was the third class smoke room, complete with an adjacent bar. On the main and lower decks, the accommodations separated, with the 'new' steerage, more commonly referred to as third class, providing for 494 passengers, and the 'old' steerage providing for 270 passengers. Accommodation for Third class consisted of four sections of two, four and six berth cabins, three on the main deck and one on the lower deck, and defined by watertight bulkheads. Directly aft of the section on the main deck was the third class dining room, which was large enough to seat 300 passengers in one sitting. The old steerage consisted of three sections of open berths, one on the main deck and two on the lower deck, all forward of the third class sections. Each section consisted of two-tiered bunks, individual pantries and long wooden tables with benches.

Career
Two months after Empress of Britain entered service, Empress of Ireland departed Liverpool for Quebec City on her maiden voyage on Thursday, 29 June 1906. The following morning she made port at Moville, a coastal town on the north coast of Ireland, to pick up a number of Irish immigrants before making for the open Atlantic. On her first trip across the Atlantic she carried 1,257 passengers, with 119 in First Class and 342 in Second Class, and Third Class being booked well past capacity with 796, which included a large number of small children and infants among them. Seen as a foreshadowing of Empress of Ireland'''s popularity with immigrants, Third Class was so heavily overbooked on her maiden voyage that at least 100 passengers who had booked passage aboard her had to be left behind in Liverpool to wait for the next ship.

On the afternoon of 6 July, Empress of Ireland arrived at the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River, calling at Pointe-au-Père to pick up a river pilot who would assist in guiding the ship down the final 300-kilometer stretch of the voyage to Quebec City. While off Rimouski, another small boat met Empress of Ireland to collect all Canadian-bound mail and drop off a group of people working to aid in preparing for the liner's arrival. These consisted of Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) ticketing agents who would meet with all the passengers to arrange for their transportation by rail to their final destinations across Canada; Canadian immigration and customs officials who would inspect luggage and check passenger documents, and doctors to examine all passengers to check for any illnesses which would warrant quarantine at Grosse Isle, a process all but one of the ship's passengers passed through successfully. Empress of Ireland arrived in Quebec City early the following morning, where passengers disembarked and cargo was offloaded, and after a six-day turnaround she sailed on her first eastbound crossing back to Liverpool on 12 July.

Over the next eight years, Empress of Ireland completed the same process of transporting passengers and cargo between Britain and Canada, with alternating Canadian ports by season, terminating at Quebec City in May through October and at Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Saint John, New Brunswick, in November through April when the river was frozen over. By 1913 Empress of Ireland was equipped with wireless telegraphy, operating on the 300 and 600 metre wavelengths. Her call sign was MPL.Empress of Irelands final successful crossing ended when she arrived at Quebec City from Liverpool on 22 May 1914, by which time she'd transported 119,262 passengers westbound to Canada and another 67,838 eastbound to Britain.

Final crossingEmpress of Ireland departed Quebec City for Liverpool at 16:30 local time (EST) on 28 May 1914, manned by a crew of 420 and carrying 1,057 passengers, roughly two thirds of her total capacity. In first class, the list of passengers was relatively small, with only 87 booked passages. The small number did not, however, spare the inclusion of some rather notable figures from both sides of the Atlantic.

 Col. Robert Bloomfield of New Zealand's 3rd Mounted Regiment, his wife Isabella and their daughter Hilda.
 Laurence Irving, son of famous Victorian stage actor Sir Henry Irving, who since 1912 had been on an extended stage tour of Australia and North America, together with his wife and stage partner Mabel Hackney.
 Sir Henry Seton-Karr, a former member of the British House of Commons returning home from a hunting trip to British Columbia.
 Henry Lyman, head of the firm Lyman, Sons & Co, which in 1914 was the largest pharmaceutical company in Canada, who was bound for Europe for a belated honeymoon with his young wife, Florence.
 Wallace Palmer, associate editor for the Financial Times and his wife Ethel.
 George Smart, Inspector of British Immigrant Children and Receiving Homes.
 Lt. Col. Charles Tylee of the Canadian Army and his wife Martha.

Second class saw a considerably larger booking at just over half capacity with 253 passengers, owed greatly to a large party of Salvation Army members and their families, numbering 170 in all, who were travelling to attend the 3rd International Salvation Army Congress in London.

Third class saw the largest booking, which with 717 passengers was nearly filled to capacity. This complement reflected greatly the typical mix of steerage travellers seen on eastbound crossings aboard Empress of Ireland and her running mates on the North Atlantic which paralleled that seen on westbound crossings from Liverpool. While on westbound crossings third class passengers were predominantly diverse mixes of immigrants, eastbound crossings saw equally diverse blends of former immigrants from both Canada and the United States returning to their native countries in Europe. Many were returning to visit relatives, while others were in the process of re-emigrating and resettling.

Henry George Kendall had been promoted to captain of Empress of Ireland at the beginning of the month, and it was his first trip down the Saint Lawrence River in command of her.

Collision and sinkingEmpress of Ireland reached Pointe-au-Père in the early hours of 29 May 1914, where the pilot disembarked. She resumed a normal outward bound course of about N76E (076 degrees) and soon sighted the masthead lights of SS Storstad, a Norwegian collier, on her starboard bow at a distance of several miles. Likewise, Storstad, which was abreast of Métis Point and on a virtually reciprocal course of W. by S. (259 degrees), sighted Empress of Irelands masthead lights. These first sightings were made in clear weather conditions, but fog soon enveloped the ships. The ships resorted to repeated use of their fog whistles. At 01:56 local time Storstad crashed into Empress of Irelands starboard side at around midships. Storstad remained afloat, but Empress of Ireland was severely damaged. A gaping hole in her side caused the lower decks to flood at a rate alarming to the crew. Captain Kendall shouted to the crew of Storstad with a megaphone to keep her engines at full power and plug the hole, but Empress of Ireland continued her forward motion, and the current of the St. Lawrence shoved Storstad away after about five seconds, allowing  of water per second to begin pouring into Empress of Ireland.Empress of Ireland lurched heavily to starboard and began settling by the stern. There was no time to shut the watertight doors. Water entered through open portholes, some only a few feet above the water line, and inundated passageways and cabins. Most of the passengers and crew located in the lower decks drowned quickly. Those berthed in the upper decks were awakened by the collision and immediately boarded lifeboats on the boat deck. Within a few minutes, the ship's list was so severe that the port lifeboats could not be launched. Some passengers attempted to do so but the lifeboats just crashed into the side of the ship, spilling their occupants into the frigid water. Five starboard lifeboats were launched successfully, while a sixth capsized during lowering.

The lights and power on Empress of Ireland eventually failed five or six minutes after the collision, plunging the ship into darkness. Ten or eleven minutes after the collision, the ship lurched violently onto her starboard side, allowing as many as 700 passengers and crew to crawl out of the portholes and decks onto her port side. The ship lay on her side for a minute or two, having seemingly run aground. A few minutes later at 02:10, about 14 minutes after the collision, the bow rose briefly out of the water and the ship finally sank. Hundreds of people were thrown into the near-freezing water. The disaster resulted in the deaths of 1,012 people.

As reported in the newspapers at the time, there was much confusion as to the cause of the collision with both parties claiming the other was at fault. As was noted at the subsequent inquiry, "If the testimony of both captains were to be believed, the collision happened as both vessels were stationary with their engines stopped". The witnesses from Storstad said they were approaching so as to pass red to red (port to port) while those from Empress of Ireland said they were approaching so as to pass green to green (starboard to starboard), but "the stories are irreconcilable".

Ultimately, the swift sinking and immense loss of life can be attributed to three factors: the location in which Storstad made contact, failure to close Empress of Irelands watertight doors, and longitudinal bulkheads that exacerbated the list by inhibiting cross flooding. A contributing factor was open portholes. Surviving passengers and crew testified that some upper portholes were left open for ventilation. The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) requires that any openable portholes be closed and locked before leaving port, but portholes were often left open in sheltered waters like the Saint Lawrence River where heavy seas were not expected. When Empress of Ireland began to list to starboard, water poured through the open portholes further increasing flooding.

Passengers and crew
There were only 465 survivors: 4 children (of 138), 41 women (of 310), 172 men (of 609), and 248 crew (of 420). The fact that most passengers were asleep at the time of the sinking (most not even awakened by the collision) also contributed to the loss of life when they were drowned in their cabins, most of them from the starboard side where the collision happened.

Total numbers saved and lost

The exact numbers of passengers and crew of the sunken ship who either died or were saved was not established until the inquiry. This was because of discrepancies in the names of the passengers shown on the manifest (particularly in regard to the continentals) and the names given by the survivors. As a consequence, initial reports in the newspapers were incomplete.

Rescue operations and survivorsStorstad, which remained afloat, lowered her own lifeboats and began to rescue the survivors in the water. The radio operator at Pointe-au-Père who picked up the emergency signal from Empress of Ireland notified two Canadian government steamers: the pilot boat Eureka at Pointe-au-Père Wharf, which left the wharf at full steam at 02:30; followed by the mail ship Lady Evelyn at Rimouski Wharf which left at 02:45."Great Shipping Disaster."  Times [London, England] 30 May 1914: 8. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 14 October 2013. Eureka was first on the scene at 03:10 and rescued about 150 survivors from the water. She brought the survivors first to Pointe-au-Père, but was redirected to Rimouski Wharf where doctors and relief supplies were waiting. Lady Evelyn arrived at the site of sinking at 03:45. No survivors were left in the water but Lady Evelyn collected the 200 survivors rescued by Storstad, as well as 133 bodies, and arrived to join Eureka at the Rimouski Wharf about 05:15. Storstad was damaged but not severely, so her captain continued on to Quebec.

One of the survivors was Captain Kendall, who was on the bridge at the time of the collision and quickly ordered the lifeboats to be launched. When Empress of Ireland lurched onto her side, he was thrown from the bridge into the water, and was taken down with her as she began to go under. Swimming to the surface, he clung to a wooden grate long enough for crew members aboard a nearby lifeboat to row over and pull him in. Immediately, Kendall took command of the small boat and began rescue operations. The lifeboat's crew successfully pulled in many people from the water, and when the boat was full, Kendall ordered the crew to row to the lights of Storstad so that the survivors could be dropped off. He and the crew made a few more trips between Storstad and the wreck site to search for more survivors. After an hour or two, Kendall gave up, since any survivors who were still in the water would have either succumbed to hypothermia or drowned by then. Upon first boarding Storstad, Kendall stormed to the bridge, and levied an accusation at Captain Andersen: "You have sunk my ship!"

Amongst the dead were the English dramatist and novelist Laurence Irving and his wife Mabel Hackney; the explorer Henry Seton-Karr; Ella Hart-Bennett, the wife of British government official William Hart-Bennett; and Gabriel J. Marks, the first mayor of Suva, Fiji, along with his wife Marion. Lieutenant Charles Lindsay Claude Bowes-Lyon, a first cousin of the future Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother survived the disaster, but died in combat only five months later on the Western Front near Ypres.

The passengers included 167 members of the Salvation Army. These travelers, all but eight of whom died, were members of the Canadian Staff Band who were traveling to London for an international conference.Great Tragedy of the Sea  The War Cry, 13 June 1914. One of the four children who survived was 7-year-old Grace Hanagan, who was born in Oshawa, Ontario, on 16 May 1907, and was traveling with her parents, who were among the Salvation Army members who did not survive.1914: Empress of Ireland sinks in the St. Lawrence and interview with Grace Martyn (née Hanagan). The Fifth Estate, Broadcast 23 September 1986. CBC Digital Archives. Grace was also the last survivor of the sinking and died in St. Catharines, Ontario, on 15 May 1995 at the age of 87.

"I was travelling second-class with three others in my cabin. I was sure something was wrong when the blow occurred. When I heard the vessel's siren blowing I jumped up in my bunk, took a lifebelt from the rack over me, and threw the others to the girls. They did not want them at first. I was serious and made them put them on, and as a result they are saved.

"How I got into the water I do not know. I was getting away from the swarm of people who were around the ship when a big man, wounded in the head, approached and clung to me. I was trying to shake him off, for he was pulling me down, when I saw his head fall forward. I knew he was dead. He drifted away and disappeared. I do not know who it was; it was horrible. I was drifting away myself. When the boat sank the suction took me down. I involuntarily began to paddle with my feet and came to the surface. Then I saw a man swimming. It was then quite light. I watched him, and though I cannot swim a stroke I imitated his arm motions and found I got along a little. I was picked up.

"When I got to the wharf I found I was the first woman landed. Some one gave me a blanket, and I sat with that on me for about an hour until he came up" – and she indicated Mr. Johnson, who was sitting beside her."

—Testimonial from Passenger Alice Bales, 21 years old.

As for Storstads Chief Officer Alfred Toftenes, little is known of what became of him except that he died in New York City a few years later, in 1918. He is buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.

Robert Crellin saved over twenty people and became famous for his heroics during the disaster.

Investigation

Commission of Inquiry

Commissioners

The Commission of Inquiry, held in Quebec, commenced on 16 June 1914 and lasted for eleven days. Presiding over the contentious proceedings was Lord Mersey, who had previously presided over the SOLAS summit the year before, and had headed the official inquiries into a number of significant steamship tragedies, including that of Titanic. The following year, he would lead the inquiry into the sinking of Lusitania. Assisting Lord Mersey were two other commissioners: Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier of Quebec, and Chief Justice Ezekiel McLeod of New Brunswick. All three commissioners were officially appointed by John Douglas Hazen, the Minister of Marine and Fisheries of Canada, under Part X of the Canada Shipping Act.

Twenty questions
At the beginning of the Inquiry twenty questions were formulated by the Canadian government. For example, was Empress of Ireland sufficiently and efficiently officered and manned? (Q.4); after the vessels had sighted each other's lights did the atmosphere between them become foggy or misty, so that lights could no longer be seen? If so, did both vessels comply with SOLAS Articles 15 and 16, and did they respectively indicate on their steam whistles or sirens, the course or courses they were taking by the signals set out? (Q.11); was a good and proper lookout kept on board of both vessels? (Q.19); and, was the loss of Empress of Ireland or the loss of life, caused by the wrongful act or default of the Master and First Officer of that vessel, and the Master, First, Second and Third Officers of Storstad, or any of them? (Q.20). All of these questions were addressed by the inquiry and answered in full in its report.

Witnesses
The inquiry heard testimony from a total of sixty-one witnesses: twenty-four crew and officers of Empress of Ireland (including Captain Kendall); twelve crew and officers of Storstad (including Captain Andersen); five passengers of Empress of Ireland; and twenty other people including two divers, two Marconi wireless operators at Pointe-au-Père, two naval architects, the harbour master at Quebec, and crew and officers of several other ships whose involvement either directly or indirectly was deemed pertinent.

Two stories

Two very different accounts of the collision were given at the Inquiry. Empress of Irelands crew reported that after the pilot had been dropped at Pointe-au-Père, the ship proceeded to sea at full speed in order to obtain an offing from the shore. After a short time the masthead lights of a steamer, which subsequently proved to be Storstad, were sighted on the starboard bow, approximately  away, the weather at that time being fine and clear. After continuing for some time, Empress of Ireland altered her course with the object of proceeding down the river. When making this change, the masthead lights of Storstad were still visible, about  away, and according to Captain Kendall it was intended to pass Storstad starboard to starboard at no risk of collision. The green light of Storstad was then sighted, but a little later a fog bank was seen coming off the land that dimmed Storstads lights. The engines of Empress of Ireland were then stopped (and put full speed astern) and her whistle blown three short blasts signifying that this had been done. About a minute later the fog shut out the lights of Storstad completely. After exchanging further whistle blasts with Storstad, her masthead and side lights were seen by Captain Kendall about 100 feet away almost at right angles to Empress of Ireland and approaching at high speed. In the hope of possibly avoiding or minimizing the effect of a collision the engines of Empress of Ireland were ordered full speed ahead, but it was too late and Storstad struck Empress of Ireland amidships. Kendall placed the blame firmly on Storstad for the collision. Famously, the first words he said to Captain Andersen of Storstad after the sinking were, "You have sunk my ship!". He maintained for the rest of his life that it was not his fault the collision occurred.Storstads crew reported that the masthead lights of Empress of Ireland were first seen on the port bow about 6 or  away; the lights were at that time open to starboard. A few minutes later, the green side light of Empress of Ireland was seen apparently from  away. The green light remained for an interval, and then Empress of Ireland was seen to make a change in her course. Her masthead lights came into a (vertical) line, and she showed both the green and the red side lights. She then continued to swing to starboard, shutting out the green and showing only the red light. This light was observed for a few minutes before being obscured by the fog. At this moment, Empress of Ireland was about two miles away and Storstads Chief Officer, Mr. Toftenes, assumed that it was Empress of Irelands intention to pass him port to port (red to red), which the ships would do with ample room if their relative positions were maintained. After an exchange of whistle blasts with Empress of Ireland, Storstad was slowed and Captain Andersen (who was asleep in his cabin at the time) was called to the bridge. When he arrived, Andersen saw a masthead light moving quickly across Storstads course from port to starboard whereupon he ordered the engines full speed astern. Immediately after Andersen saw the masthead light, he saw the green light, and a few moments later saw Empress of Ireland and the ships then collided.

Report
After all the evidence that had been heard, the Commissioners stated that the question as to who was to blame resolved itself into a simple issue, namely which of the two ships changed her course during the fog. They could come to "no other conclusion" than that it was Storstad that ported her helm and changed her course to starboard, and so brought about the collision. Chief Officer Toftenes of Storstad was specifically blamed for wrongly and negligently altering his course in the fog and, in addition, failing to call the captain when he saw the fog coming on.

After the official inquiry was completed, Captain Andersen was quoted as saying that Lord Mersey was a "fool" for holding him responsible for the collision. He also announced that he intended to file a lawsuit against the CPR.

Litigation
The CPR won a court case against A. F. Klaveness & Co, the owners of Storstad, for C$2 million, which is the valuation of silver bullion stored aboard Empress of Ireland when she sank. The owners of Storstad entered an unsuccessful counterclaim against the CPR for $50,000 damages, contending that Empress of Ireland was at fault and alleging negligent navigation on her part. Storstad was seized at the request of the CPR and sold for $175,000 to Prudential Trust, an insurance company acting on behalf of AF Klaveness & Co.

Aftermath
On 5 June 1914, Canadian Pacific announced it had chartered the Allan Line's Virginian to fill in the void in service in its fleet left by the loss of Empress of Ireland, joining  Empress of Britain and other previously acquired Canadian Pacific ships on the Saint Lawrence run. Virginian embarked from her first voyage from Liverpool under Canadian Pacific service on 12 June, which was to have been the next departure date from Liverpool of Empress of Ireland.

The Last Voyage of the Empress
In 2005 a Canadian television film, The Last Voyage of the Empress, investigated the sinking with historical reference, model re-enactment, and underwater investigation. The program's opinion was that the cause of the incident appeared to be the fog, exacerbated by the actions of Captain Kendall. Both captains were in their own way telling the truth, but with Kendall omitting the expediency of commanding Empress of Ireland in such a way as to keep his company's advertised speed of Atlantic crossing. In order to pass Storstad (off Empresss starboard bow) to quickly expedite this maintenance of speed, Kendall, in the fog, turned to starboard (towards Storstad) as part of a manoeuvre to spin back to his previous heading to pass the other ship as originally intended on his starboard side, thereby avoiding what he saw as a time-wasting diversion from his preferred and fast route through the channel. When Captain Anderson of Storstad saw Empress of Ireland through the fog he thought, by seeing both Empress of Irelands port and starboard lights during its manoeuvre, that Empress of Ireland was attempting to pass on the opposite side of Storstad than previously apparent and turned his ship to starboard to avoid a collision. However, Empress of Ireland turned to port to continue on its original time-saving heading; thus the bow to side collision.

The conclusion of the programme was that both captains failed to abide by the condition that, on encountering fog, ships should maintain their heading, although the captain of Storstad deviated only after seeing the deviation of Empress of Ireland. In the film, water tank replication of the incident indicated that Empress of Ireland could not have been stationary at the point of the collision. It also indicated—through underwater observations of the ship's Engine order telegraph in the engine room—that Kendall's assertion that he gave the order to close watertight doors was probably not true.

Legacy
The sinking of Empress of Ireland proved that the reverse slanting, inverted or "tumblehome" prow so common at the time, was deadly in the event of a ship-to-ship collision because it caused massive damage below the waterline, effectively acting as a ram which would smash through an unarmoured hull without difficulty (especially if the ship was steaming at some speed). The bow of Storstad struck Empress of Ireland like a "chisel into tin". As a result of the disaster, naval designers began to employ the raked bow with the top of the prow forward. This ensured that the energy of any collision would be minimised beneath the surface and only the parts of the bow above the waterline would be affected.

The rapid sinking of Empress of Ireland has also been cited by 20th-century naval architects, John Reid and William Hovgaard, as an example for making the case of discontinuation of longitudinal bulkheads which provide forward and aft separation between the outer coal bunkers and the inner compartments on ships. Though not entirely watertight, these longitudinal bulkheads trapped water between them. When the spaces flooded, this quickly forced a ship to list, pushing the portholes underwater. As flooding continued entering accommodation spaces, this only exacerbated the listing of the ship and dragging of the main deck down into the water. This would lead to the flooding of the upper compartments and finally the capsize and sinking of the ship. Reid and Hovgaard both cited the Empress of Ireland disaster as evidence which supported their conclusions that longitudinal subdivisions were very hazardous in ship collisions.*Reid, John. (1914). Comments following William Gatewood, "Stability of Vessels as Affected by Damage Due to Collision," Transactions, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 22: 67–74. Empress of Ireland is discussed in pp. 71–73, passim.

In August 2023, an upcoming simulative video game named Grand Voyage is going to feature Empress of Ireland as one of the two ships playable.

Wreck site
Salvage operation
Shortly after the disaster, a salvage operation began on Empress of Ireland to recover the purser's safe and the mail. This was deemed a plausible effort due to the wreck's relatively shallow depth at , shallow enough so that in the aftermath of the sinking, the mainmast and funnels of the Empress were still visible just beneath the surface.

As they recovered bodies and valuables from the ship, the salvers were faced with limited visibility and strong currents from the Saint Lawrence River. One of the hard-hat divers, Edward Cossaboom, was killed when, it is assumed, he slipped from the hull of the wreck plummeting another  to the riverbed below, closing or rupturing his air hose as he fell. He was found lying unconscious on his lifeline and all attempts to revive him after he was brought to the surface failed. It was later reported, implausibly, that the sudden increase in water pressure had so compressed the diver's body that all that remained was a "jellyfish with a copper mantle and dangling canvas tentacles." The salvage crew resumed their operations and recovered 318 bags of mail and 251 bars of silver (silver bullion) worth about $150,000 ($1,099,000 in 2013 when adjusted for inflation).

In 1964, the wreck was revisited by a group of Canadian divers who recovered a brass bell. In the 1970s, another group of divers recovered a telemotor, pieces of Marconi wireless equipment, a brass porthole and a compass. Robert Ballard, the oceanographer and maritime archaeologist who discovered the wreck of Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, visited the wreck of Empress of Ireland and found that she was being covered by silt. He also discovered that certain artefacts from fixtures to human remains continued to be taken out by "treasure hunters".

Protecting the site
In the province of Quebec, shipwrecks are not afforded explicit protection. However, in 1999 the wreck was declared a site of historical and archaeological importance and thus became protected under the Cultural Property Act and was listed in the register of Historic Sites of Canada.Communiqués – Bas-Saint-Laurent, 1999-04-21. L'épave de l'Empress of Ireland est classée bien historique et archéologique. Gouvernement du Québec. This was the first time that an underwater site had received this status in Quebec.

This protection was important because, unlike Titanic, Empress of Ireland rests at the relatively shallow depth of . While accessible to skilled recreational divers, the site is dangerous due to the cold water, strong currents and restricted visibility. As of 2009 six people had lost their lives on the dive.

Memorials

A number of monuments were erected, particularly by the CPR, to mark the burial places of those passengers and crew whose bodies were recovered in the days that followed the tragic sinking. For example, there are two monuments at Rimouski. One monument is located on the coastal road between Rimouski and Pointe-au-Père and is dedicated to the memory of eighty-eight persons; it is inscribed with twenty names, but the sixty-eight other persons are unidentified. A second monument is located at the cemetery in Rimouski (Les Jardins commémoratifs Saint-Germain) and is dedicated to the memory of a further seven persons, four of whom are named.

The CPR also erected several monuments in Quebec, e.g., Mount Hermon Cemetery and St. Patrick's Cemetery, both of which are located on the Sillery Heritage Site, at the formerly independent city of Sillery.

The Salvation Army erected its own monument at the Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto. The inscription reads, "In Sacred Memory of 167 Officers and Soldiers of the Salvation Army Promoted to Glory From the Empress of Ireland at Daybreak, Friday May 29, 1914". A memorial service is held there every year on the anniversary of the accident.

Commemorations
The hundredth anniversary of the sinking of Empress of Ireland was commemorated in May 2014, by numerous events, including an exhibition at the Canadian Museum of History entitled Empress of Ireland: Canada's Titanic which moved to the Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 in 2015.

Canada Post issued two stamps to commemorate the event. The Empress of Ireland domestic Permanent stamp was designed by Isabelle Toussaint, and is lithographed in seven colours. The Official First Day Cover was cancelled in Rimouski where survivors and victims were initially brought following the tragedy. The international denomination stamp was designed by Susan Scott using the oil on canvas illustration she commissioned from marine artist Aristides Balanos, and printed using lithography in six colours.  The Official First Day Cover was cancelled at Pointe-au-Père, Quebec, the town closest to the site of the sinking.

The Royal Canadian Mint has also issued a 2014 coin commemorating the disaster.

See also

1914 in Canada
Emmy, ship's cat
List of disasters in Canada
List of Canadian disasters by death toll
List of shipwrecks in 1914
List of ocean liners

Notes

Citations

References

 Report reprinted in the UK as command paper Cd. 7609 (HMSO 1914)

Further reading
Autio, K. Second Watch. Sono Nis Press
The Golden Age of Liners. BBC Four. Timeshift, Series 9, Episode 2.
Conrad, J. (1919) The Lesson of the Collision. A monograph upon the loss of the "Empress of Ireland." London: Richard Clay and Sons, Ltd.
Croall, J. (1980) Fourteen minutes: The last voyage of the Empress of Ireland. Sphere, London.  / 0-7221-2548-8;
Filey, M. (2000) Toronto Sketches 6 "The Way We Were". Dundurn Press. (Google eBook)
Flayhart, William H. (2005). Disaster at Sea: Shipwrecks, Storms, and Collisions on the Atlantic. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Grout, D. (2001) Empress of Ireland: An Edwardian Liner. Gloucestershire: Tempus Press.
Grout, D. (2014) RMS Empress of Ireland. Pride of the Canadian Pacific's Atlantic Fleet. Gloucestershire: The History Press.
Logan, Marshall. (1914) The Tragic Story of the Empress of Ireland: an Authentic Account of the Most Horrible Disaster in Canadian History, Constructed From the Real Facts Obtained From Those on Board Who Survived and Other Great Sea Disasters. Philadelphia: John C. Winston.  [OCLC 2576287]
Marshall, Logan. (1972).  The Tragic Story of the EMPRESS of IRELAND.  London.  Patrick Stephens.  .
McMurray, K.F. (2004) Dark Descent. Diving and the Deadly Allure of the Empress of Ireland.  International Marine / McGraw-Hill.
Renaud, A. Into The Mist: The Story Of The Empress Of Ireland. Dundurn Press
Roy, K. (1993) Le drame de l'Empress of Ireland : Pointe-au-Père, 29 mai 1914. Vanier :  Les Editions du Plongeur.
Saward, J (2010) "The Man who Caught Crippen". Morienval Press.
Site historique maritime de la Pointe-au-Père (2007) Les trésors de l'Empress of Ireland. Rimouski, Québec : Site historique maritime de la Pointe-au-Père. .
Willis, John (2014) Empress of Ireland:Canada's Titanic, Gatineau: Canadian Museum of History
Wood, H.P. (1982) Till We Meet Again: The Sinking of the Empress of Ireland. Toronto : Image Pub. .
Zeni, D. (1998) Forgotten Empress. The Empress of Ireland Story. Halsgrove; 1st Canadian edition

External links''
The Empress Of Ireland wrecked
Tales of Tragedy and Triumph: Canadian Shipwrecks, a virtual museum exhibition at Library and Archives Canada
Merseyside Maritime Museum: The Empress of Ireland disaster
Crew List
First Class Passenger List
Second Class Passenger List
Third Class Passenger List
Film of the arrival of the Lady Grey in Quebec City with the victims of the sinking of the Empress of Ireland (Pathé, 1914)

Ships built on the River Clyde
Ships of CP Ships
Ocean liners of the United Kingdom
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Passenger ships of the United Kingdom
Shipwrecks of the Saint Lawrence River
1914 in Canada
Ships sunk in collisions
Maritime incidents in May 1914
National Historic Sites in Quebec
1906 ships
Site historique maritime de la Pointe-au-Père
Heritage sites in Quebec

RMS Empress of Ireland


Tomo Knežević (Zenica, 23. listopada 1954.), hrvatski katolički svećenik, visoki crkveni dužnosnik, teolog

Životopis
Rođen je 1954. godine od oca Pere i Ivke r. Maros u Zenici, tada župa Zenica-Sv. Josip. Pučku školu pohađao je u Donjem Čajdrašu i u Zenici. Srednju školu – Klasičnu gimnaziju-sjemenište završio je u Zagrebu. Filozofsko-teološki studij od akademske godine završio je u Sarajevu na Vrhbosanskoj katoličkoj teologiji danas Katoličkom bogoslovnom fakultetu u Sarajevu Sveučilišta u Sarajevu. Tijekom studija pauzirao je dva semestra zbog služenja vojske u Celju (Slovenija).

Za đakona Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije zaređen je u sarajevskoj katedrali 2. prosinca 1979. godine. Za svećenika se zaredio 4. srpnja 1980. godine u novosagrađenoj župskoj crkvi u Čajdrašu na zamolbu tadašnjeg župnika da ređenje bude u mladoj župi i u novoizgrađenoj župnoj crkvi. Mladu misu slavio je u župi Čajdraš 13. srpnja 1980. godine. Od 1980. do 1981. bio je kapelan u župi Presvetog Trojstva u Novom Sarajevu, pa to kraja listopada iste godine u župi Presvetog Srca Isusova u Prozoru.

U Innsbrucku je magistrirao teologiju na poslijediplomskom studiju liturgike 30. listopada 1982. godine radom Die eucharistische Konzelebration te licencijat iz teologije 5. studenog 1985. godine: liturgika, dogmatika i moralna teologija radom Die eucharistische Konzelebration. Eine liturgie-geschichtliche Untersuchung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Vaticanum II. .

U dva navrata privremeni upravitelj rodne župe Čajdraša. Od 1991. godine redoviti je ispovjednik u sjemenišnoj crkvi sv. Ćirila i Metoda. Od 2000. godine kapelan je magistral je Suverenog malteškog vojnog reda. Dana 14. veljače 2011. godine imenovan je kapelanom Njegove Svetosti s naslovom monsinjora. Vojnim župnikom Vojne biskupije Njemačke za vjernike-katolike pripadnike EUFOR-a koji djeluju u Bosni i Hercegovini od 29. travnja 2004. godine do 31. prosinca 2012. godine.

Bio je notar u kancelariji Nadbiskupskog ordinarijata vrhbosanskog, osobni tajnik vrhbosanskog nadbiskupa mons. dr. Marka Jozinovića i notar u Crkvenom sudu Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije. Bio je članom mnogih vijeća: Vijeća Hrvatskog instituta za liturgijski pastoral u Zadru, Uredničkog odbora liturgijsko-pastoralnog listića Živo vrelo, Vijeća BKJ za liturgiju, Vijeća BKJ za Međunarodne euharistijske kongrese, Karitativnog vijeća Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije, Katehetskog vijeća BK BiH, član i tajnik Liturgijskog vijeća BK BiH, Vijeća za međureligijski dijalog BK BiH. Od 1996. godine dijecezanski je ravnatelj Papinskih misijskih djela Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije, a od 1997. godine predsjednik Misijskog vijeća Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije. Od 1999. godine ceremonijar je u sarajevskoj prvostolnici, te zadužen za liturgijski odgoj bogoslova u Vrhbosanskoj katoličkoj bogosloviji u Sarajevu. Od 1999. godine ravnateljem je dušobrižničke skrbi katoličkih vjernika pripadnika oružanih snaga i redarstvenih službi u BiH. Od 2000. godine voditelj je i koordinator Dušobrižništva vojske i policije Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije. Od 2001. do 2011. godine u dvama navratima nacionalni ravnatelj Papinskih misijskih djela Bosne i Hercegovine. Od 2001. godine član je Povjerenstva za civilnu službu Federacije BiH. Ravnatelj je Ureda katoličkog dušobrižništva Federalnog ministarstva obrane BiH od 2005., a od početka sljedeće godine ravnatelj je Ureda katoličkog dušobrižništva Ministarstva obrane BiH.
Od 31. ožujka 2015. godine kao predstavnik Biskupske konferencije BiH član je Papinskog vijeća za međunarodne euharistijske kongrese.

Urednik službenog glasila Vrhbosna. Od 2001. zamjenik je glavnog urednika misijskog informativnog lista Radosna vijest. Od siječnja 2010. godine član je Hrvatskog društva katoličkih novinara.

Na Vrhbosanskoj katoličkoj teologiji je od 1986. predavač je liturgike, liturgijskog pastorala i njemačkog jezika te ispitivač pastoralne liturgijskog pastorala na jurisdikcijskim ispitima. Od iste godine predavač je njemačkog njemačkog jezika na Katehetskom institutu u Sarajevu. Od 1987. godine profesor je liturgike i liturgijskog pastorala na Teološkom institutu u Mostaru. Od 2009. godine predavač je pri katedri liturgike na Vrhbosanskoj katoličkoj teologiji u Sarajevu. Od akademske godine 2014./2015. profesor liturgike na Studiju glazbene umjetnosti u Kreševu, dio Sveučilišta u Mostaru.

Angažiran za (liturgijsku) pripremu Katoličkog dana:
 od 2002. član Povjerenstva BK BiH za
 član središnjeg Odbora u Beču za liturgijsku pripremu 22. svibnja 2004. godine u Mariazellu u Austriji
 od 2002. član je Povjerenstva Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije
 od 2005. član je Povjerenstva za pripravu slavlja Srednjoeuropskog Katoličkog dana na Kupresu 21. svibnja 2005.

Tri puta je bio član Odbora za pripremu dolaska pape Ivana Pavla II. i pape Franje u Bosnu i Hercegovinu zadužen za Povjerenstvo za liturgiju, te je sva tri puta (Sarajevo 1997., Banja Luka 2003. i Sarajevo 2015.) pripremio i vodio cjelokupnu liturgiju papina dolaska. Voditeljem Liturgijsko-glazbenog povjerenstva proglašenja blaženima Drinskih mučenica imenovan je 1. travnja 2011. godine te je pripremio i vodio liturgiju beatifikacije u Sarajevu 24. rujna 2011. godine.

Dekretom Biskupske konferencije BiH od 6. studenog 2015. god. imenovan je ravnateljem Caritasa BiH.

Djela
Napisao je, preveo i priredio više članaka i brošura. Članke je objavio u Vrhbosni, Svetoj Ceciliji, Krijesnici, Vjesniku Đakovačke i Srijemske biskupije, Hrvatskoj misli, Službi Božjoj, Studia Vrhbosnensia, Radosnoj vijesti, Vrhbosnensia, Magnificatu, Katoličkom tjedniku, Svjetlu riječi, Našim ognjištima, Gorućem grmu. Sastavio Obrednik redovničkog zavjetovanja sestara Služavki Malog Isusa, knjigu Čajdraš u mome srcu. Povijest župe Čajdraš i kronološki prikaz otvorenog napada na pripadnike brigade Hrvatskog vijeća obrane – Zenica, te događanja nakon toga u zeničkoj župi Čajdraš, liturgijske vodiče, tematske DVD-e i dr. Do kraja veljače 2018. godine opus mu čine: 60 znanstvenih radova, 392 druga rada i priloga i održao 41 predavanje. Od 1986. redovito priprema razne imendanske kalendare za razne izdavače katoličkih kalendara Crkve u Hrvata. Od 2008. priprema Direktorij za euharistijska slavlja i liturgiju časova Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije, Banjolučke biskupije, Kotorske biskupije i Barske nadbiskupije.

Izvori

Hrvatski katolički svećenici iz Bosne i Hercegovine
Životopisi, Zenica
Bosanskohercegovački rimokatolički teolozi

Tomo Knežević


Kaćun (lat., Orchis), rod trajnica iz porodice kaćunovki ili orhideja (Orchidaceae). Latinsko ime roda dolazi iz grčke riječi za testise, zbog oblika njegovih gomolja, pa je u hrvatskom poznat i kao mudavac i jaja pasja.

Rod, s blizu 60 vrsta, raširen je po velikom dijelu Europe, sjeverozapadnoj Africi i Kini (Xinjiang i Tibet). U Hrvatskoj je zabilježeno više vrsta i podvrsta, među kojima: talijanski kaćun, muški kaćun, kacigasti kaćun, finobodljasti kaćun, grimizni kaćun, četverotočkasti kaćun, majmunov kaćun, kratkoostrugasti kaćun.

Neke vrste danas se vode pod rod Anacamptis ili vratiželjka, to su: kožasti kaćun (A. coriophora), rahlocvjetni kaćun (A. laxiflora), mali kaćun (A. morio), leptirasti kaćun (A. papilionacea); i Neotinea: mliječni kaćun (Neotinea lactea), trozubi kaćun  (N. tridentata), crnocrveni kaćun (N. ustulata)

Vrste

 Orchis adenocheila Czerniak.
 Orchis × algeriensis B.Baumann & H.Baumann
 Orchis anatolica Boiss.
 Orchis × angusticruris Franch.
 Orchis anthropophora (L.) All.
 Orchis × apollinaris W.Rossi, Ard., Cianchi & Bullini
 Orchis × aurunca W.Rossi & Minut.
 Orchis × bergonii Nanteuil
 Orchis × beyrichii (Rchb.f.) A.Kern.
 Orchis × bispurium (G.Keller) H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H.Dietr.
 Orchis × bivonae Tod.
 Orchis brancifortii Biv.
 Orchis × buelii Wildh.
 Orchis × caesii De Angelis & Fumanti
 Orchis × calliantha Renz & Taubenheim
 Orchis × chabalensis B.Baumann, H.Baumann, R.Lorenz & Ruedi Peter
 Orchis × colemanii Cortesi
 Orchis deutrodelamainii J.M.H.Shaw
 Orchis × fallax (De Not.) Willk.
 Orchis × fitzii Hautz.
 Orchis galilaea (Bornm. & M.Schulze) Schltr.
 Orchis × hybrida (Lindl.) Boenn. ex Rchb.
 Orchis italica Poir., talijanski kaćun
 Orchis × klopfensteiniae P.Delforge
 Orchis × kretzschmariorum B.Baumann & H.Baumann
 Orchis laeta Steinh.
 Orchis × ligustica Ruppert
 Orchis × loreziana Brügger
 Orchis × lucensis Antonetti & Bertolini
 Orchis × macra Lindl.
 Orchis mascula (L.) L., muški kaćun
 Orchis militaris L., kacigasti kaćun
 Orchis olbiensis Reut. ex Gren.
 Orchis × orphanidesii (E.G.Camus) B.Bock
 Orchis × palanchonii G.Foelsche & W.Foelsche
 Orchis pallens L., bljedoliki kaćun
 Orchis patens Desf.
 Orchis pauciflora Ten.
 Orchis × penzigiana A.Camus
 Orchis × permixta Soó
 Orchis × petterssonii G.Keller ex Pett.
 Orchis × plessidiaca Renz
 Orchis provincialis Balb. ex Lam. & DC., finobodljasti kaćun
 Orchis × pseudoanatolica H.Fleischm.
 Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindl.
 Orchis purpurea Huds., grimizni kaćun
 Orchis quadripunctata Cirillo ex Ten., četverotočkasti kaćun
 Orchis × schebestae Griebl
 Orchis × serraniana P.Delforge
 Orchis × sezikiana B.Baumann & H.Baumann
 Orchis simia Lam., majmunov kaćun
 Orchis sitiaca (Renz) P.Delforge
 Orchis spitzelii Saut. ex W.D.J.Koch,  kratkoostrugasti kaćun
 Orchis × spuria Rchb.f.
 Orchis × thriftiensis Renz
 Orchis × tochniana Kreutz & Scraton
 Orchis troodi (Renz) P.Delforge
 Orchis × willingiorum B.Baumann & H.Baumann
 Orchis × wulffiana Soó

Hrvatski nazivi i autori
 cviet Jovov, Šulek, B., 1879,
 dremovac, Šulek, B., 1879,
 gorocvit, Šulek, B., 1879,
 jaja pasja, Šulek, B., 1879,
 kaćun, Domac, R., 1994,
 mudavac, Šulek, B., 1879,
 podrimunak, Šulek, B., 1879,
 tromud, Šulek, B., 1879

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Orchideae

Kaćun


Heine Sigurd Heinesen (født 6. november 1903 på Færøerne - død ?) var lærer, skoleforstander, konservativ politiker og manuskriptforfatter til film om Færøerne. Heinesen hustru Else Sofie Rasmussen, der var søster til Knud Heinesens mor adopterede ham, da hans mor døde.

Heinesen var medstifter af Dansk Færøsk Samfund. Startede under besættelsen en radiotjeneste til Færøerne.

Filmografi.

 1947, Gården hedder Vikagardur, Kommentarer, Dokumentarfilm
 1950, Færøerne I - II, Manus, Dokumentarfilm
 1950, Grindedrab i Thorshavn, Manus, Dokumentarfilm
 1950 Fuglefængere på Færøerne, Manus, Dokumentarfilm
 1950 Fiskeri og hvalfangst ved Færøerne, Manus, Dokumentarfilm
 1950 Kongebesøget på Færøerne, Manus, Dokumentarfilm

Referencer

Manuskriptforfattere fra Danmark

Heine S. Heinesen


Orie is a village of approximately 3,000 people, and located in the Isoko South local government area of Delta state, Nigeria. It is also called Orie-Irri because its inhabitants are generally believed to have originally migrated from Irri town. Orie is surrounded by three villages: Opke, Ofagbe and Utue.

Populated places in Isoko South

Orie


L'élection présidentielle de 2011 peut désigner :

 l'élection présidentielle de 2011 en république démocratique du Congo ;
 l'élection présidentielle de 2011 en Ossétie du Sud ;
 l'élection présidentielle bulgare de 2011 ;
 l'élection présidentielle irlandaise de 2011 ;
 l'élection présidentielle nigériane de 2011 ;
 l'élection présidentielle nigérienne de 2011 ;
 l'élection présidentielle portugaise de 2011 ;
 l'élection présidentielle libérienne de 2011 ;
 l'élection présidentielle argentine de 2011 ;

Voir aussi

 Liste d'élections en 2011
 Élection présidentielle de 2010
 Élection présidentielle de 2012

Élection présidentielle de 2011


Geosantrizm, geosentrizm veya yermerkezcilik, Yeri (Dünyayı) evrenin merkezi kabul eden görüştür. Kopernik sistemi öncesinde geçerli olan Batlamyus'un sistemi yermerkezci bir sistemdir.

Gerçek dışı olduğu ispatlanan bu modele 17. yüzyıla kadar gelişmiş toplumlarda bile inanılmaktaydı. Bunun sebebi dünya yüzeyinde yaşayan canlıların bakış açısından dünyanın sabit, Güneş başta olmak üzere tüm gök cisimlerinin ise hareketli görünüşüdür.

Antik Yunan, Romalı ve Orta çağ felsefecileri genelde Geosantrik modeli, bazı mitolojilerde geçen düz dünya modelinin aksine küresel dünya ile beraber kullanır.

Astronomi tarihi

Geosantrizm


Fountains Hall est une maison de campagne près de Ripon dans le Yorkshire du Nord, en Angleterre, située dans le site du patrimoine mondial de Parc de Studley Royal qui comprend les ruines de l'Abbaye de Fountains. Il appartient au National Trust et est un bâtiment classé Grade I.

Histoire

La maison est construite par Stephen Proctor entre 1598 et 1604, en partie avec des pierres provenant des ruines de l'abbaye. C'est un exemple de maison prodige de la fin de l'époque élisabéthaine, peut-être influencée par l'œuvre de Robert Smythson. Après la mort de Proctor en 1619, Fountains Hall passe à la famille Messenger, qui le vend à William Aislabie de Studley Royal, 150 ans plus tard . Fountains Hall devient superflu car la famille Aislabie est restée à Studley Royal. Il est loué à des locataires et à un moment donné, certaines parties de celui-ci sont utilisées pour le stockage de la ferme.

La maison est rénovée et modernisée entre 1928 et 1931, et le duc et la duchesse d'York (plus tard le roi George VI et la reine Elizabeth) y ont souvent séjourné en tant qu'invités de Lady Doris Vyner, sœur du duc de Richmond et de Gordon.

Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Fountains Hall et d'autres bâtiments du domaine sont utilisés pour loger les évacués. Studley Royal devient la maison de guerre de l'école Queen Ethelburga de Harrogate et le sanatorium de l'école se trouve à Fountains Hall. L'écurie et la cour servent de dortoirs tandis qu'un coin devient la chapelle de l'école. Le manoir a un balcon bien qu'il ne puisse pas être utilisé car l'escalier est considéré comme dangereux pour le public.

Mémorial de Vyner
Les Vyners perdent un fils et une fille pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale ; Charles est un pilote de la Royal Naval Reserve porté disparu au combat près de Rangoon. Elizabeth est membre du Women's Royal Naval Service et est décédée d'une encéphalite léthargique alors qu'elle était en service à Felixstowe, Suffolk. Il y a une sculpture qui les rappelle et que l'on peut voir en sortant de la maison en descendant les marches de pierre.

Après la guerre, la maison tombe à nouveau dans un état de délabrement.

Le National Trust acquiert le domaine Fountains du North Yorkshire County Council en 1983 et restaure la maison. Une partie est divisée en appartements dont un en location saisonnière. Les visiteurs de l'abbaye de Fountains peuvent voir le hall en pierre lambrissé de chêne et une salle d'exposition attenante, et il est prévu de restaurer la chapelle.

Lieu de tournage
Fountains Hall est le lieu utilisé pour les prises de vue en extérieur de Baddesley Clinton pour le raid de 1603 dans le premier épisode de la mini-série Gunpowder de BBC One en 2017 sur les événements entourant la Conspiration des Poudres .

Certains plans extérieurs de l'adaptation cinématographique de 1993 de The Secret Garden y sont tournés.

Liens externes

Références

Monument classé de Grade I dans le Yorkshire du Nord

Fountains Hall


وسيم الخوري طبيب وبرفسور من أصل سوري، فرنسي الجنسية. ولد في محافظة السويداء وهو من عائلة أصلها من بلدة خبب الواقعة في محافظة درعا جنوب سورية ثم انتقلوا للعيش في مدينة السويداء بحكم عمل الأب، تخرج من كلية الطب في جامعة دمشق، ثم سافر إلى فرنسا ليختص في جراحة القلب والشرايين وتخرج من جامعة باريس، ويرأس حاليا رئيس قسم الجراحة في مستشفى الجامعة الأمريكية في باريس، ويعزو خوري في لقاءاته وتصريحاته توجهه إلى أختصاص جراحة القلب لحزنه الشديد على وفاة والده باحتشاء عضلة قلبية وهو في الأربعينيات من العمر. وهو أول طبيب يجري جراحة للقلب بدون عملية جراحية حيث قام الدكتور وسيم بعملية تبديل صمام لسيدة فرنسية مسنة تبلغ من العمر 96 عاما بدون أي جراحة، حيث أجرى هذه العملية من دون جراحة أو فتح قلب ومن دون تخدير عام وانما عن طريق القثطرة فقط.

سجل الدكتور الخوري براءة اختراع هذا النوع من الصمام القلبي وكذلك الطريقة الجديدة لاستبداله من دون أي عمل جراحي.

انجازاته
 براءة أختراع في تبديل صمام بدون جراحة، باسمه مسجلة في الولايات المتحدة.
 برءة اختراع دعامة إكليلية للقلب
 اخترع أدوات خاصة بالجراحة والعمليات الجراحية

مسؤولياته
 رئيس قسم الجراحة في مستشفى الجامعة الأمريكية في باريس
 مؤسس ورئيس جمعية «البحوث والتطوير»
 عضو البعثات الطبية التي تزور سوريا وتقيم عمليات جراحية ومعالجات مجانية في سوريا

كما نال الطبيب وسيم الخوري العديد من الجوائز والألقاب تكريماً لجهوده البحثية بشكل خاص. حافظ وسيم الخوري على علاقة جيدة مع بلده الأم سورية التي يزورها عدة مرات في السنة لإجراء عمليات مجانية وخاصة للأطفال وتدريب أطباء سوريين في دمشق وحلب.

انظر أيضًا
 كفاح مقبل

المصادر والمراجع
 قناة الجزيرة برنامج موعد في المهجر-
 وكالة الأنباء السورية سانا
 موقع قرية خبب
 سيريا نيوز

أشخاص من محافظة السويداء
أطباء فرنسيون
جراحو قلب
جراحون سوريون
خريجو جامعة باريس
خريجو جامعة دمشق
روم كاثوليك
صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الولادة (أشخاص أحياء)
فرنسيون من أصل سوري
مسيحيون سوريون

وسيم الخوري


Hwangmaesan é uma montanha de Gyeongsangnam-do, no sudeste da Coreia do Sul. Tem uma altitude de 1 108 metros e conta com três picos principais: Habong, Jungbong e Sangbong.

Também é um lugar onde o grande monge budista , da dinastia Goryeo, praticava seu ascetismo. A montanha foi designada como Parque Nacional em 1983 e selecionada como um dos cinquenta lugares mais bonitos da Coreia pela  em 2012.

Montanhas da Coreia do Sul
Montanhas de Gyeongsang do Sul

Hwangmaesan


Mauro Siles Arteaga García (Cortegana, 2 de diciembre de 1961) es un médico veterinario y político peruano.

Biografía
Nació en Celendín, Departamento de Cajamarca, el 2 de diciembre de 1961. Hizo sus estudios primarios en la Escuela N°82391 San Isidro de Celendín y los secundarios en el Colegio Agropecuario - Celendín .  Entre 1982 y 1990 estudió Medicina veterinaria Agrónoma en la Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca.

Fue elegido alcalde de Celendín para tres periodos: 1996-1998 (Por la Lista independiente No.3; 2003-2006, por el Movimiento Fuerza Celendina y para el periodo 2011-2014, habiendo postulado por el por el Movimiento Afirmación Social a la Alcaldía de Celendín en las elecciones regionales y municipales del Perú de 2010,

Enlaces externos
 JNE Hoja de Vida

Alcaldes de Celendín
Veterinarios de Perú
Cajamarquinos (Perú)

Mauro Arteaga


Dieu, tu es là ? C'est moi Margaret ( Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret.) est un roman anglophone américain Young Adult de Judy Blume sorti en 1970.

On y suit Margaret, une jeune fille de sixième qui a grandi sans appartenance religieuse en raison du mariage interconfessionnel de ses parents. Le roman explore sa quête à la recherche d'une seule religion, tout en confrontant les problèmes typiques rencontrés par les jeunes adolescentes en pleine puberté, comme acheter son premier soutien-gorge, avoir ses premières règles et se sentir attirée par certains garçons. Le roman a été beaucoup contesté depuis les années 1980 et a fait parfois l'objet de censure pour la manière dont il aborde des sujets sexuels et religieux.

En France, il a été publié pour la première fois en 1986 par L'École des Loisirs avec une traduction de Michèle Poslaniec.

Écriture
Le personnage de Margaret a été inspiré par l'expérience personnelle de l'autrice quand celle-ci était en sixième. Comme Margaret, Judy Blume n'a pas évolué physiquement à la même vitesse que ses camarades. Comme Margaret, elle avait une "relation très personnelle avec Dieu". Néanmoins, Judy Blume a dit que la vie de famille de Margaret venait de sa propre imagination et que sa propre famille était très différente de celle décrite dans le livre.

Résumé
Margaret Simon est une jeune fille de onze ans, bientôt douze quand ses parents déménagent de New York à Farbrook, dans le New Jersey. La mère de Margaret est chrétienne, et son père est juif. Margaret a été éduquée sans affiliation particulière à l'une ou l'autre foi, et ne pratique aucune religion organisée. Néanmoins, elle prie fréquemment Dieu en commençant ses prières par "Dieu, tu es là ? C'est moi, Margaret !". Elle commence à se sentir mal à l'aise avec son manque d'affiliation religieuse. Pour un travail scolaire, elle décide de travailler sur les croyances religieuses, en espérant résoudre la question de sa propre foi dans le processus. Une partie de son travail inclus de visiter différents lieux de culte dans le but de mieux comprendre les pratiques de différentes religions et de voir si aucune ne pourrait être bien pour elle. Elle apprécie de passer du temps avec sa grand-mère paternelle, qui est juive, Sylvia Simon, qui aime Margaret pour qui elle est. Sylvia espère que Margaret va choisir le judaïsme après qu'elle l'ai amenée à la synagogue pour la célébration de Rosh Hashana.

Margaret se lie d'amitié avec Nancy, une voisine du même age, qui semble confiante et savante dans la discussions de beaucoup de sujets, incluant le sexe. Margaret, Nancy et deux autres filles, Gretchen et Janie forment un club secret appelé les "Four PTS's" où elles discutent de sujets comme les garçons, les soutiens-gorges, et les menstruations. Les filles attendent avec angoisse leurs premières règles en se préparant à l'avance en achetant des serviettes hygiéniques et en faisant des exercices pour augmenter la taille de leur poitrine. Gretchen et Nancy ont leurs premières règles, ce qui inquiète Margaret qui pense être anormale car elles ne les a toujours pas eues. Elle envie sa camarade de classe, Laura Denker qui, contrairement à elle, a déjà eu ses premières règles, et, selon Nancy, a une relation avec un très beau garçon plus âgé. Margaret et ses amies discutent et font des commérages à propos de Laura qui laisserait les garçons la toucher, mais Margaret regrette ses propos plus tard, en comprenant mieux ce que "être touchée" veut vraiment dire et après avoir découvert que Laura est une fervente catholique qui souffre des rumeurs sur son compte. Margaret est attirée par un garçon populaire de sa classe qui s'appelle Philip Leroy et ils s'embrassent en jouant à "deux minutes dans le placard" (un jeu similaire à sept minutes au paradis) à une fête. Après un certain temps, Margaret découvre que son amie Nancy, qui a l'air d'avoir tant confiance en elle, a ses propres insécurités et ment parfois. Par exemple, alors qu'elle avait dit à Margaret qu'elle avait eu ses premières règles en vacances, ses premières règles arrivèrent plus tard, alors qu'elle était dans un restaurant avec Margaret.

Bien que la famille de Margaret prévoit de passer les vacances d'été en Floride avec Sylvia, les grands-parents chrétiens conservateurs de Margaret, Mary et Paul Hutchins, qui avaient coupé contact avec la mère de Margaret depuis quatorze ans en raison de son mariage avec un homme juif, leur rendent visite le jour précédent leur départ pour la Floride. La mère de Margaret annule leurs vacances, en disant que "ce n'est pas la fin du monde" et qu'ils pourront toujours aller en Floride une autre fois. Bien que Margaret soit dévastée, elle essaye de montrer ses bonnes manières en présence de ses grands-parents. Mais quand ils lancent le sujet de la religion, une dispute éclate entre tout le monde, et Margaret explose, en déclarant qu'elle n'a pas besoin de religion ou de Dieu. Après cet évènement, Margaret cesse de parler à Dieu. Bien qu'à la fin de son projet scolaire, elle n'ait pas résolu la question de son identité religieuse comme elle le souhaitait, elle a appris beaucoup sur elle-même et est plus à l'aise vis à vis de son manque d'affiliation religieuse. Le dernier jour d'école, Margaret a ses premières règles. Rassurée, elle résume sa précédente relation avec Dieu en disant "Je sais que tu es là, Dieu. Je sais que tu n'aurais manqué ça pour rien au monde ! Merci, Dieu. Merci pour tout...".

Personnages

 Margaret Simon : La protagoniste du roman. Enfant unique, c'est une jeune fille au début de sa puberté et qui commence à remarquer les garçons. Elle se pose des questions sur sa religion et sur laquelle elle veut suivre. Le livre prend fin avec les premières règles de Margaret.
 Barbara Simon (née Hutchins) : La mère de Margaret, chrétienne, femme au foyer qui aime la peinture.
 Herbert Simon : Le père de Margaret, juif, qui travaille dans les assurances.
 Sylvia Simon : La grand-mère paternelle de Margaret. Elle l'appelle "ma Margaret" et aimerait qu'elle devienne juive.
 Nancy Wheeler : La voisine et première amie de Margaret à Farbrook. Elle est la deuxième des quatre à avoir ses premières règles.
 Gretchen Potter : Une amie de Nancy dont le père est docteur. Elle est la première des quatre à avoir ses règles.
 Janie Loomis : Une autre fille du groupe d'amies de Margaret. Elle est la dernière du groupe à avoir ses règles.
 Evan Wheeler : Le grand frère de Nancy.
 Moose Freed : Ami d'Evan.
 Miles J. Benedict.: Le professeur de Margaret, qui est dans sa première année d'enseignement.
 Laura Danker : Une camarade de Margaret, grande et très développée pour son âge.
 Philip Leroy : Un camarade de Margaret dont elle est amoureuse au début.
 Mary et Paul Hutchins : Les grands-parents maternels chrétiens conservateurs de Margaret, qui ont renié leur fille pour avoir épousé un homme juif. Ils aimeraient que Margaret devienne chrétienne.

Accueil

Prix et distinctions
En 2010, le roman a été placé sur la liste du Time des 100 meilleurs romans de langue anglaise de tous les temps.

Il fait aussi partie de la liste du Time des 100 meilleurs romans Young-Adult de tous les temps.

Critiques et censure
Le roman a été beaucoup censuré dès 1980, en raison de sa discussion des sujets de la religion et de la sexualité, et à cause de critiques le jugeant profane et contenant des allégations anti-christianisme. Le livre est à la soixantième place des livres les plus fréquemment censurés dans les années 1990 de l'American Library Association (ALA), et à la place 99 des livres les plus censurés des années 2000.

Judy Blume fait aussi partie des auteurs les plus censurés du 21ème siècle.

Suite
Le succès de ce roman a inspiré Judy Blume dans l'écriture d'un autre roman Et puis j'en sais rien ! (Then Again, Maybe I Won't) avec le point de vue d'un jeune garçon du même âge de Margaret, qui se questionne lui aussi sur la puberté, bien que sa transition de l'enfance à l'âge adulte soit assez différente de celle de Margaret.

Parodies et références dans les médias

 Dans Ted Lasso, Saison 2 Épisode 9, La folle nuit de Beard. Dans la version originale, le personnage de Beard fait référence au titre en se réfugiant dans une église et en disant : "Are you there, God? It's me, Margaret's little boy".
 Dans un épisode des Simpson, Bart vend son âme, on retrouve une référence au titre en version originale, quand le personnage de Bart dit "Are you there God? It's me, Bart Simpson.".
 Ryan Reynolds cite le titre du livre dans la version originale de Deadpool pendant une scène où Deadpool échappe à Colossus en coupant sa propre main. C'est une référence au thème des menstruations du roman.
 Dieu es-tu là ? C'est Jésus à l'appareil, ou en version originale Are You There God? It's Me, Jesus, est le titre d'un épisode de South Park.
 Dans l'épisode Joyeux Noël Charlie Manson !, seizième épisode de la deuxième saison de South Park on peut lire sur les livres qu'a écrits Manson "Are you there God? It's me, Manson".
 Are You There God, It's Me, Dean est le titre en anglais du 9ème épisode de la première saison de la série The Venture Bros.
 Are You There, God? It's Me, Dean Winchester est le titre original du deuxième épisode de la septième saison de Supernatural.
 Are You There God? It's Me, Peter est le titre original du 20ème épisode de la Saison 16 des Griffin.
 Are You There, Vodka? It's Me, Chelsea est le titre d'un roman qui a inspiré la série télévisée Are You There, Chelsea?.
 Are You There, God? It's Me, Ellen est le titre d'une autobiographie d'Ellen Coyne, où elle s'interroge sur la religion catholique.

Adaptation
Le roman a été adapté en long métrage avec Abby Ryder Fortson dans le rôle de Margaret, sous la direction et écrit par Kelly Fremon Craig. Le film est sorti en salles en 2023 aux États-Unis.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Roman américain paru en 1970

Dieu, tu es là ? C'est moi, Margaret


A Jigsaw est un groupe de folk et blues portugais, originaire de Coimbra. Il est formé par le trio João Rui, Jorri et Susana Ribeiro. Leur son est caractéristique du multi-instrumentalisme, composé d'une guitare et d'un harmonica, d'un banjo et d'une contrebasse ou des castagnettes, d'une grosse caisse traditionnelle ou d'un violon.

Biographie
L'inspiration pour le nom Jigsaw vient de la chanson Jigsaw You du groupe belge dEUS ; l'inspiration pour la musique vient de noms comme Johnny Cash, Bob Dylan, Leonard Cohen ou Nick Cave.

Le groupe se forme en 1999 et en 2004, lié au label Rewind Music, avec l'EP . En 2008, avec le single , extrait de leur premier album , ils atteignent les sommets de l'émission A3-30 d'Antena 3, et sont invités à se produire en direct lors de l'émission de célébration des 14 ans de la même station de radio. En 2009, ils sortent l'album conceptuel . La même année, ils sortent l'album-concept .

En 2011, ils sortent l'album , attirant l'attention internationale, étant mentionnés par le magazine français Les Inrockuptibles,  et Ruta66 en Espagne. En 2012, ils jouent au Festival para Gente Sentada aux côtés de groupes tels que Tindersticks.

Discographie
 2004 :  (EP)
 2007 :
 2009 :
 2010 :
 2011 :

Notes et références

Liens externes

Groupe de musique folk
Groupe de musique country
Groupe de blues
Groupe musical portugais
Groupe musical formé en 1999

A Jigsaw


Annie Četiri Pištolja je stripovski lik koji se često pojavljuje na stranicama Malog Rendžera.

Biografija
Gotovo karikatura slavne Calamity Jane, pojavljuje se nekoliko puta u sagi o Malom Rendžeru. Izgleda kao stara i bizarna dama, potpuno naoružana, sa smiješnom i malom ženskom fizionomijom. Udovica od sedam muževa, u potrazi je za da će uskoro pronaći osmog. Njezini napori su, međutim, okovani raznim neuspjesima, što je ponekad dovodi do agresivnog stava prema muškarcima, a posebice prema rendžeru Frankieju Bellevanu, predodređenom da bude glavni predmet njezine pažnje.

Ali Annieina složena osobnost ne prestaje tu. Ne tako često ona zna kako biti vrlo slatka sa svojim voljenima, osobito s Malim Rendžerom i Clarettom Morning, koji je nazivaju nježno tetkom. Vješta u pucanju, ona se također zna kako se boriti s hrabrošću i često joj te sposobnosti dopuštaju da se snalazi čak i u najtežim situacijama. Kao i Frankie Bellevan, ona koristi šaroliki jezik koji ju čini autentičnom staricom, jednom od najzabavnijih protagonista serije.

Annie Četiri Pištolja


جهانكير نامه ملحمة فارسية بطلها جهانكير بن رستم وأخو صهرا. تقص عن موت سهراب ثم تحدّث عن بطلها حديثا حديث قصة سهراب في الشاهنامه. فجهانكير ينشأ بعيدا عن أبيه رستم ثم يأتي من قِبل أفراسياب لحرب الإيرانيين، ويقاتل أباه رستم وهو لا يعرفه. ثم يتعارفان وينحاز جهانكير إلى قوم أبيه ويقاتل مع الملك كي‌كاوس في أقطار كثيرة. ثم يقتله جنى في الصيد. وفي هذه القصة ألف بيت. ويذكر مؤلفها قاسم مادح أنه من هراة.

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 برزونامه
 كرشاسب نامه

أدب فارسي
قصائد سردية
قصائد ملحمية في الفارسية
قصائد هندية
ملاحم
أساطير فارسية

جهانكير نامة


Popis stanovništva u SR Sloveniji je izvršen u ožujku 1991. godine, kao dio Popisa stanovništva u Jugoslaviji.

Na popisu stanovništva 1991. godine, SR Slovenija je na površini od 20.273 km2 imala 1.965.986 stanovnika., raspoređenih u 5.949 naseljenih mjesta. U to vrijeme republika je bila podijeljena na 62 općine, od čega je 5 činilo teritoriju glavnog grada Ljubljane.

U odnosu na novi modalitet računanja broja stanovnika koji se sprovodi na sljedećem popisu 2002. godine, broj stanovnika Slovenije na popisu 1991. godine je iznosio 1.913.355.

Ukupni rezultati

Nacionalni sastav

Podaci po općinama

Legenda

Značenje boja u predstavljanju etničkog sastava stanovništva

Poveznice
 Popis stanovništva u Jugoslaviji 1991.

Napomene

Izvori

Demografija Slovenije
Popisi stanovništva
Popisi stanovništva u SFRJ

Popis stanovništva u Sloveniji 1991.


Michael Begley (, * 22. August 1932 in Dingle, County Kerry; † 26. März 2012 ebenda) war ein irischer Politiker der Fine Gael, der zwanzig Jahre den Wahlkreis Kerry South im Dáil Éireann, dem Unterhaus des irischen Parlaments (Oireachtas), vertrat und zeitweise "Juniorminister-Ämter" übernahm.

Leben
Begley, der von Beruf Zimmerer war, begann seine politische Laufbahn als er 1960 für die Fine Gael zum Mitglied des Grafschaftsrates des County Kerry gewählt wurde.

Nachdem er bei den Wahlen 1965 sowie 1966 bei einer Nachwahl (By-election) erstmals erfolglos im Wahlkreis Kerry South für ein Mandat im Unterhaus kandidiert hatte, wurde er bei den Wahlen vom 18. Juni 1969 zum Abgeordneten (Teachta Dála) in das Dáil Éireann gewählt und vertrat dort bis zu seiner Niederlage bei den Wahlen zum Dáil Éireann 1989 zwanzig Jahre lang den Wahlkreis Kerry South.

Am 14. März 1973 wurde Begley zum Parlamentarischen Sekretär im Ministerium für kommunale Verwaltung in die Regierung von Premierminister (Taoiseach) Liam Cosgrave berufen. In der zweiten Hälfte von Cosgraves Amtszeit war er vom 30. September 1975 bis zum Verlust der Regierungsmehrheit an die Fianna Fáil von Jack Lynch am 25. Mai 1977 Parlamentarischer Sekretär im Finanzministerium.

Nachdem die Fine Gael zusammen mit der Irish Labour Party nach den Wahlen zum Dáil Éireann 1981 am 30. Juni 1981 unter der Führung von Premierminister Garret FitzGerald eine Koalitionsregierung bildete, wurde Begley zum Staatsminister im Ministerium für Gewerbe, Handel und Tourismus ernannt, und behielt dieses Amt bis zum Ende von FitzGeralds Amtszeit am 9. März 1982.

Nach seinem Ausscheiden aus dem Unterhaus 1989 zog sich Begley, der sich in Dingle in der Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) engagierte, weitgehend aus dem politischen Leben zurück, nachdem auch seine Kandidatur für ein Mandat im Senat (Seanad Éireann) für die Gruppe der Arbeitnehmerschaft gescheitert war.

Weblinks
 Eintrag auf der Homepage des Oireachtas
 Eintrag auf Elections Ireland
 Death of former TD Michael Begley. In: Irish Examiner vom 27. März 2012

Staatssekretär (Irland)
Teachta Dála
Mitglied der Fine Gael
Ire
Geboren 1932
Gestorben 2012
Mann

Michael Begley (Politiker)


Eylül Fırtınası, 2000 yapımı filmdir. Filmde bir çocuğun gözünden 12 Eylül Darbesi'nin sıradan bir ailenin üzerindeki etkileri anlatılır.

Dış bağlantılar

2000 çıkışlı Türk filmleri
1990'larda dramatik filmler
Atıf Yılmaz'ın yönettiği filmler
12 Eylül Darbesi ile ilgili filmler
Türk romanlarından uyarlanan filmler
Türk politik dram filmleri
2000'lerde Türkçe filmler

Eylül Fırtınası


Kinderdijk () is a village in the municipality of Molenlanden, in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. It is located about  east of Rotterdam.

Kinderdijk is situated in the Alblasserwaard polder at the confluence of the Lek and Noord rivers. To drain the polder, a system of 19 windmills was built around 1740. This group of mills is the largest concentration of old windmills in the Netherlands. The windmills of Kinderdijk are one of the best-known Dutch tourist sites. They have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.

Etymology
The name Kinderdijk is Dutch for "Children dike". During the Saint Elizabeth flood of 1421, the Grote Hollandse Waard flooded, but the Alblasserwaard polder stayed unflooded. It is often said that when the horrendous storm had subsided, a villager went to the dike between these two areas to inspect what could be salvaged. In the distance he saw a wooden cradle floating on the water. As it came nearer, some movement was noted, and upon closer investigation, a cat was found, trying to keep it in balance by leaping back and forth in such a manner that water couldn't flood the cradle. As the cradle eventually came close enough to the dike for a bystander to pick up the cradle, he saw that a baby was quietly sleeping inside it, nice and dry. The cat had kept the cradle balanced and afloat. This folktale and legend has been published as "The Cat and the Cradle" in English.

History

Origins
Kinderdijk first originated in its name in 1421 from a legend where a wave was said to have washed ashore a cradle that contained a sleeping baby.

Early years

In the Alblasserwaard, problems with water became more and more apparent in the 13th century. Large canals, called weteringen in Dutch, were dug to get rid of the excess water in the polders. However, the drained soil continued to subside, while the level of the river rose due to the river's sand deposits. After a few centuries, an additional way to keep the polders dry was required.

Construction
It was decided to build a series of windmills, with a limited capacity to bridge water level differences, but just able to pump water into a reservoir at an intermediate level between the soil in the polder and the river.

The reservoir could be pumped out into the river by other windmills whenever the river level was low enough; the river level has both seasonal and tidal variations. Although some of the windmills are still used, the main water works are provided by two diesel pumping stations near one of the entrances of the windmills site.

World Heritage Site
Kinderdijk was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. The village is a fascinating rural landscape with a total of 19 monument 18th-century windmills.

In popular culture
 In the 2005 PlayStation 2 video game Sly 3: Honor Among Thieves, Kinderdijk is the third playable location. Several missions include utilizing the iconic windmills to aid the main character, Sly, in a biplane dogfight over the village.
 Kinderdijk is a stage in the fighting game Capcom vs. SNK 2: Mark of the Millennium 2001.  The players fight in front of the windmills in a verdant field.

Image gallery

See also
 Zaanse Schans, a similar popular tourist destination in the Netherlands

References

Sources
 Griffis, William Elliot. The Cat and the Cradle in Dutch Fairy Tales For Young Folks. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1918. (English). Available online by SurLaLane Fairy Tales . File retrieved 9-12-2007.
 Meder, Theo. Dutch folk narrative. Meertens Instituut, Amsterdam. File retrieved 9-12-2007.
 World Heritage List: Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elshout

External links

 Kinderdijk Foundation
 kinderdijk.nl
 Pictures of Kinderdijk
 Spherical Panorama of Kinderdijk at Sunset
 Photos from Kinderdijk 2011 October
 Visit site in 3600 panophotography

Dikes in the Netherlands
Populated places in South Holland
Tourist attractions in South Holland
Windmills in South Holland
World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands
Molenlanden

Kinderdijk


Okrug Mayadin je okrug u sirijskoj pokrajini Deir ez-Zor. Po popisu iz 2004. (prije rata), okrug je imao 247.171 stanovnika. Administrativno sjedište je u naselju Mayadin.

Nahije
Okrug je podijeljen u nahije (broj stanovnika se odnosi na popis iz 2004.):
 Mayadin, 86.091 stanovnika
 Diban, 65.079 stanovnika
 Al-Asharah, 96.001 stanovnika

Izvori

Sirijski okruzi
Pokrajina Deir ez-Zor

Mayadin (okrug)


HMS Pegasus est le nom donné à neuf navires de la Royal Navy britannique. Pegasus est le nom latin du cheval ailé Pégase de la mythologie grecque.

 , un sloop de guerre, lancé en 1776 mais qui sombre un an plus tard.
 , une frégate de sixième rang lancée en 1779 et vendue en 1816. À un moment donné, son capitaine est le prince William Henry, plus tard Guillaume IV du Royaume-Uni.
 , un navire de ligne de troisième rang, pris par les Français en 1782.
 HMS Pegasus était un une canonnière de classe Cormorant commandé en 1861 puis annulé en 1863.
 , un sloop de guerre de classe Doterel lancé en 1878.
 , un croiseur protégé de , lancé en 1897 et coulé pendant la Première Guerre mondiale en 1914.
 , un transport d'hydravions, lancé le .
 HMS Pegasus (1934), le premier porte-hydravions spécialement construit au monde, commandé sous le nom de , mais rebaptisé Pegasus en 1934.

Voir aussi
 , noms de deux navires de l'United States Navy.

Sources

Nom de bateau de la Royal Navy

HMS Pegasus


Itobi es un municipio brasileño del estado de São Paulo. Se localiza a una latitud 21º44'13" sur y a una longitud 46º58'30" oeste, estando a una altitud de 658 metros. Su población estimada en 2004 era de 7.816 habitantes.

Posee un área de 138,6 km².

Iglesia católica

La gran mayoría de la población es católica y el municipio pertenece a la Diócesis de São João da Boa Vista.

Demografía

Datos del Censo - 2000

Población total: 7.466
 Urbana: 6.204
 Rural: 1.262

 Hombres: 3.877
 Mujeres: 3.589

Densidad demográfica (hab./km²): 53,87

Mortalidad infantil hasta 1 año (por mil): 11,20

Expectativa de vida (años): 73,93

Tasa de fertilidad (hijos por mujer): 2,93

Tasa de alfabetización: 89,40%

Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH-M): 0,782
 IDH-M Salario: 0,676
 IDH-M Longevidad: 0,815
 IDH-M Educación: 0,854

(Fuente: IPEADATA)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de São Paulo

Itobi


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 Sinoplu Marcion, Erken dönem Hristiyan teoloğu (ö. 160)

Ölümler

als:80er#Johr 85

85


An Dyckia tuberosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Vell., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Johann Georg Beer. An Dyckia tuberosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dyckia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Dyckia

Dyckia tuberosa


Juan Manuel López Sanabria (Angangueo, Michoacán, 31 de mayo de 1921 - 22 de mayo de 1986). Fue un médico y político mexicano, miembro del Partido Acción Nacional, fue uno de los principales líderes de su partido en Guanajuato y diputado federal.

Juan Manuel López Sanabria realizó sus estudios básicos en la ciudad de Morelia y posteriormente los de medicina en San Luis Potosí, se especilizó con un posgrado en dermatología y alergia en el Hospital General de México y en el Hospital Mount Sinai de la Universidad de Columbia. Se desempeñó como jefe de consulta externa del servicio de piel del Hospital General de México de 1947 a 1948 y posteriormente se trasladó a León, Guanajuato como responsable de las brigadas contra la lepra, estableciéndose definitivamente en dicha ciudad.

En León, además de ejercer su carrera de medicina, destacó por su actividad político siendo uno de los principales miembros del Partido Acción Nacional, en 1970 fue candidato a diputado federal y resultó elegido diputado de partido a la XLVIII Legislatura que terminó en 1973, en 1976 fue candidato a presidente municipal de León y a decir de su partido resultó elegido, sin embargo, el Congreso de Guanajuato declaró nulas las elecciones y estableció un Consejo de Administración Civil. En 1979 y 1985 fue candidato a gobernador de Guanajuato, resultando oficialmente triunfadores en ambas elecciones los candidatos del PRI Enrique Velasco Ibarra  y Rafael Corrales Ayala. Murió el 22 de mayo de 1986.

Véase también
 Elecciones estatales de Guanajuato de 1985

Referencias

Nacidos en Mineral de Angangueo
Dermatólogos de México
Diputados de la XLVIII Legislatura de México
Diputados de la LI Legislatura de México
Miembros del Partido Acción Nacional

Juan Manuel López Sanabria


رايتشل كارين غرين  هي شخصية خيالية، وواحدة من ست شخصيات أساسية ظهرت في مسلسل السيت كوم (كوميديا الموقف) الأميركي فريندز (الأصدقاء). جسدت الشخصيةَ الممثلة جينيفر أنيستون، من إنتاج كل من ديفيد كرين ومارتا كوفمان، وظهرت في جميع حلقات المسلسل البالغ عددها 236 حلقة خلال مدة عرضه التي دامت عقدًا، منذ حلقته الأولى في 22 سبتمبر من عام 1994 وحتى الأخيرة في 6 مايو من عام 2004. تُقدَّم في الحلقة التجريبية على أنها عروس ساذجة هاربة يلتم شملها مع أعز صديقات طفولتها مونيكا غيلر وتنتقل إلى مدينة نيويورك. تتطور رايتشل تدريجيًا من «مدللة أبيها» عديمة الخبرة إلى سيدة أعمال ناجحة. خلال الموسم الثاني من المسلسل، تنخرط الشخصية في علاقة غرامية مع صديقها، وأخ مونيكا الأكبر، روس، ويحافظان على علاقة معقدة من انفصال وعودة متكررين على امتداد المسلسل. تُنجب الشخصيتان طفلة تُدعى إيما.

عُرض دور رايتشل في الأصل على الممثلة تيا ليوني، وكانت الخيار الأول للمنتج، والممثلة كورتني كوكس، ورفضتاه كلتاهما؛ رفضت ليوني لصالح دور البطولة في مسلسل السيت كوم ذا نيكد تروث، وفضلت كوكس دور مونيكا أعز صديقات رايتشل في فريندز. كانت أنيستون وقتها ممثلة غير معروفة فعليًا، ولعبت دور البطولة سابقًا في خمسة مسلسلات سيت كوم قصيرة الأجل، وقامت بتجربة أداء لدور رايتشل بعد رفضها عرضًا للانضمام إلى قائمة ممثلي عروض المشهد القصير ساترداي نايت لايف. بعد أن حصلت على الدور، وقبل أن يُبث فريندز، كانت أنيستون في خطر خسارة الدور عرضيًا لأنها كانت مشتركة بمسلسل سيت كوم آخر، مَدلينغ ثرو، في الوقت نفسه، لكنه أُلغي في النهاية ومكّن ذلك أنيستون من البقاء في فريندز.

بقي تلقي النقاد شخصيةَ رايتشل إيجابيًا بصورة ثابتة طوال عقد من عرض فريندز، بعد أن أسند إيه. في. كلوب الكثير من نجاح المسلسل الأولي لشخصية رايتشل. مع ذلك، نُقد بعض من قصتها السردية، وبالتحديد علاقتها الغرامية مع صديقها جوي تريبياني في الموسم العاشر. أسست قاعدتَها الشعبية لتجسيدها الشخصية الانفعالية في المسلسل، وسُميت من وقتها واحدة من أعظم الشخصيات التلفزيونية على الإطلاق، بينما أطلقت قصة الشعر التي حظيت بها الشخصية في الموسم الثاني ظاهرة عالمية خاصة بها. سُميت بـ«الرايتشل» تيمنًا بها، واستمرت ملايين النسوة حول العالم بتقليد قصة شعر الشاغ الخاصة بالشخصية وما زالت واحدة من أكثر القصات شعبية في التاريخ، بغض النظر عن امتعاض أنيستون ذاتها منها. اعتُبرت رايتشل أيضًا أيقونة في الموضة نتيجة تأثيرها في مجال لباس النساء في تسعينيات القرن العشرين. في هذه الأثناء، يُضرب المثل بعلاقة الشخصية مع روس كواحدة من أكثر العلاقات المحبوبة في البرامج التلفزيونية.

تُعتبر شخصية رايتشل الدور الذي انطلقت منه أنيستون، ويُنسب إليها الفضل في جعلها أشهر ممثلي المسلسل وإطلاق مسيرة أفلامها الناجحة. ثناءً على أدائها في دور رايتشل، ربحت أنيستون كلًا من جائزة إيمي للممثلة الرئيسية المبدعة في مسلسل كوميدي، وجائزة غولدن غلوب لأفضل ممثلة - مسلسل تلفزيوني موسيقي أو كوميدي.

مراجع

أشخاص خياليون في موضة
إناث خياليات
شخصيات تلفزيونية ظهرت في 1994
شخصيات خيالية من مدينة نيويورك
شخصيات مسلسل فريندز
قادة تشجيع خياليون
يهود أمريكيون خياليون

رايتشل غرين