منارة ميناء طرابلس في ليبيا ويبلغ ارتفاعها 116 قدما من مستوي سطح البحر. وتعمل ليلا بواسطة منظومة كهربائية ذات فرق جهد220 فولت ومزودة بمصباح قوة 1000 وات، ويصل مدى الإضاءة الي 16 ميل بحري .

تعمل المنارة كل عشر ثواني بعدد ثلاث إشارات ضوئية برتقالية وذلك لمساعدة كل القطع البحرية في التعرف علي الساحل ليلا .
وللمنارة اشرطة سوداء وبيضاء لتوضيح وجود موقع ميناء طرابلس البحري نهارا والإنارة لتوضيح الموقع ليلا .

تأسست أول منارة في ميناء مدينة طرابلس في العام 1880،
فيما أن المنارة السابقة للمنارة الحالية مباشرة بنيت بين عامي 1924 - 1926 وكانت من الكونكريت وقام بتصميمها المهندس الإيطالي ألدو بروسكي دمرت أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية في العام 1943.

مصادر

السياحة في ليبيا
طرابلس
مواقع أثرية في ليبيا

منارة طرابلس


Charadrus (ital.: Caradro)  war ein Titularbistum der römisch-katholischen Kirche, das 1930 aufgelöst wurde.

Es geht zurück auf einen Bischofssitz in der antiken Stadt Charadros im "rauen" Kilikien in Kleinasien, das zur Kirchenprovinz Seleucia in Isauria (Seleucia Trachea) gehörte.

Siehe auch
 Liste der römisch-katholischen Titularbistümer

Weblinks
 Eintrag in gcatholic.org (englisch)
 Eintrag in CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA (englisch)
 Eintrag in catholic-hierarchy.org (englisch)
 Apostolische Nachfolge - Titularsitze

Charadrus

Titularbistum Charadrus


Lloyd Quinan (* in Edinburgh) ist ein schottischer Politiker, ehemaliges Mitglied der Scottish National Party (SNP) und aktuelles Mitglied der Scottish Socialist Party (SSP).

Leben
In seinem Werdegang war Quinan in verschiedenen Bereichen des Mediensektors tätig. So präsentierte er im nationalen Fernsehen die Wettervorhersage und moderierte die Sendung Trial by Night auf STV. Außerdem produzierte und präsentierte er mehr als 200 Dokumentationssendungen. Er ist Mitglied der Gewerkschaften Equity und NUJ.

Politischer Werdegang
Im Jahre 1974 trat Quinan in die SNP ein. Bei den ersten Schottischen Parlamentswahlen im Jahre 1999 bewarb sich Quinan um das Direktmandat des Wahlkreises Dumbarton, unterlag jedoch der Labour-Kandidatin Jackie Baillie deutlich und verpasste damit das Direktmandat des Wahlkreises. Da Quinan auch auf den vorderen Rängen der Regionalwahlliste der SNP für die Wahlregion West of Scotland gesetzt war, erhielt er eines von vier Listenmandaten für die SNP in dieser Wahlregion und zog in das neugeschaffene Schottische Parlament ein. Bei den folgenden Parlamentswahlen 2003 kandidierte Quinan im Wahlkreis Motherwell and Wishaw und trat damit gegen den Ersten Minister Jack McConnell an. Diesem unterlag er deutlich und schied aus dem Parlament aus. Im Dezember desselben Jahres verließ er die SNP und schloss sich Tommy Sheridans SSP an.

Weblinks
 Informationen auf den Seiten des Schottischen Parlaments

Einzelnachweise

Abgeordneter im Schottischen Parlament
Mitglied der Scottish National Party
Mitglied der Scottish Socialist Party
Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Schotte
Brite
Mann

Lloyd Quinan


Olaylar
 21 Temmuz - Lidköping, İsveç'te bir kent konumuna alındı.
 27 Eylül - Otonetë Muharebesi gerçekleşti. Skanderberg, Osmanlıları yendi.
 II. Murat, Çandarlı Halil Paşa'nın isteğiyle Manisa'dan döndü ve 2. kez tahta çıktı. II. Mehmet Manisa'ya geri döndü.

Doğumlar
 William Grocyn, İngiliz bilgini
 Alexander Agricola, Felemenk besteci

Ölümler
 2 Şubat - Vittorino da Feltre, İtalyan hümanist
 15 Nisan - Filippo Brunelleschi, İtalyan mimar (d. 1377)
 9 Mayıs - (:en:Mary of Enghien), Napoli Kraliçesi
 24 Mayıs - Ambroise de Loré, Ivry (:fr:Ivry-la-Bataille) Baronu
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 IV. Vahtang, Bagrationi Hanedanı üyesi Gürcü kralı (d. 1413)
 Nuno Tristão, Portekizli kaşif ve köle taciri

1446


Eupodium, rod papratnjača iz porodice Marattiaceae iz neotropskog područja. Sastoji se od četiri priznate vrste iz tropske Amerike

Tradicionalno, mnogi taksonomisti uključuju Eupodium u rod Marattia. Međutim, molekularne filogenetske studije i morfološke studije postojećih i fosilnih taksona podržavaju prepoznavanje Eupodium-a kao loze različite od Marattia.

Eupodium cicutifolium povremeno ima sinangiju sa kratkim peteljkama i ima spinulozne spore kao i druge vrste Eupodiuma, ali se inače lako zamijeni za Marattia ili Ptisana . Rod trenutno ima četiri priznate vrste.

Bazalni broj kromosoma za ovaj rod nije poznat. Tipična vrsta je Eupodium kaulfussii.

Vrste
 Eupodium cicutifolium (Kaulf.) Lehtonen
 Eupodium kaulfussii (J.Sm.) Hook.
 Eupodium laeve (Sm.) Murdock
 Eupodium pittieri (Maxon) Christenh.

Izvori

Marattiopsida

Eupodium


Edward Keble MC KHC ( - ) est un prêtre anglican anglais, qui est le supérieur de la , une communauté religieuse pour hommes à Mirfield, Yorkshire de l'Ouest.

Jeunesse et famille
Talbot est le fils de la militante pour l'éducation  et d'Edward Stuart Talbot, le premier directeur du Keble College d'Oxford, qui devient plus tard évêque de Rochester, évêque de Southwark puis évêque de Winchester. Son frère, Neville Stuart Talbot, devient évêque de Pretoria.

Talbot fait ses études à Winchester College puis à Christ Church, Oxford, où il obtient un diplôme de deuxième classe en Literae Humaniores (classiques) .

Ministère religieux
Talbot est ordonné en 1904. De 1904 à 1906, il est vicaire de l'église St Mary à Woolwich dans le sud-est de Londres. Il rejoint la Communauté de la Résurrection en 1906.

Avec le déclenchement de la Première Guerre mondiale, Talbot est nommé dans l'armée britannique en tant qu'aumônier temporaire des Forces de  classe (équivalent au grade de capitaine) le 21 août 1914. Dans les honneurs de l'anniversaire du roi de 1916, il reçoit la Croix militaire (MC). Du 18 avril 1916 au 19 février 1917, il occupe le grade temporaire d'aumônier des Forces de  classe (équivalent en grade de major) tout en servant comme aumônier principal d'une division. Le 15 février 1918, il est nommé aumônier temporaire des Forces de  classe (grade équivalent à celui de lieutenant-colonel) et nommé aumônier principal d'un corps. Le 30 septembre 1918, il renonce à la nomination d'aumônier principal d'un corps et revient au grade d'aumônier temporaire de la  classe des Forces. Il continue à servir dans l'armée jusqu'en 1919 .

Il devient Supérieur de la Communauté de la Résurrection en 1922, servant jusqu'en 1940. Le 2 juillet 1920, il est également nommé aumônier du roi George V. Il continue comme aumônier d'Édouard VIII et de George VI quittant son poste en 1945 .

Il est décédé le 21 octobre 1949; il ne s'est jamais marié .

Références

Liens externes

Personnel de l'armée de terre britannique pendant la Première Guerre mondiale
Titulaire de la croix militaire (Royaume-Uni)
Étudiant de Christ Church (Oxford)
Élève de Winchester College
Décès en octobre 1949
Naissance en décembre 1877
Décès à 71 ans

Edward Keble Talbot


වජිර අබේවර්ධන (උපත සැප්තැම්බර් 2, 1960) යනු ශ්‍රී ලාංකික දේශපාලනඥයෙකි. හේ  ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ ගාල්ල දිස්ත්‍රික්කය සඳහා එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂයේ මන්ත්‍රීවරයෙකුව සිටියේය. වජිර අබේවර්ධන අධයාපනය ලබා ඇත්තේ ගාල්ලේ මහින්ද විද්‍යාලයයේ සහ මොරටුව විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේය. හේ දිවි ගෙවන්නේ, කොළඹ කැප්පෙට්ටිපොල මාවතේය.

ආශ්‍රිත

ශ්‍රී ලාංකික දේශපාලනඥයෝ
1960 උපත්
ශ්‍රී ලාංකික බෞද්ධයෝ
සිංහල ජනයා
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ 10වන පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ මන්ත්‍රීවරු
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ 11වන පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ මන්ත්‍රීවරු
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ 12වන පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ මන්ත්‍රීවරු

වජිර අබේවර්ධන


Dette er en liste over byer i Marokko. Kun byer med mere end 50.000 indbyggere er inkluderet.

Kilder

Marokko

Byer i Marokko


Orféas, en , est un ancien dème du nome de l'Évros en Macédoine-Orientale-et-Thrace, Grèce. Depuis 2010, il fait partie du dème de Souflí.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du dème compte .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Village en Macédoine-Orientale-et-Thrace
Ancien dème en Grèce

Orféas (Évros)


Maria Rareș - cunoscută și ca Răreșoaia - a fost o persoană nedocumentată istoric, mamă a domnitorului Petru Rareș, presupus fiu natural al acesteia cu Ștefan cel Mare. Conform cronicii lui Grigore Ureche, ea era o muiere ce au fostu după alt bărbat, târgoveț din Hârlău, de l-au chiemat Rareș.

Există și ipoteze că ar fi făcut parte din familia Cernat, boieri din Țara de Jos, proprietari ai întinsei moșii ce cuprindea lacul Brateș de lângă Galați, sau din neamul lui Isaia logofătul de la Baia, din vremea lui Alexandru cel Bun, iar soțul Mariei ar fi fost urmașul unui boier Bârlă de la Hârlău, cu a cărui familie se înrudea și mitropolitul Grigorie Roșca.

Note

Bibliografie
 Constantin Rezachevici, Cronologia critică a domnilor din Țara Românească și Moldova a. 1324 - 1881, Vol. I, Editura Enciclopedică, București, 2001. ISBN 973-45-0387-1.
 A. D. Xenopol, Istoria românilor din Dacia Traiană, vol. II, Tipo-litografia H. Goldner, Iași, 1888

Vezi și
 Ștefan cel Mare
 Petru Rareș

Ștefan cel Mare
Cioturi Istoria României
Femei din secolul al XV-lea
Moldoveni

Maria Rareș


Sophie Bernard née le  à Neuilly-sur-Seine (Seine) est une peintre, sculptrice et scénographe française.

Biographie

Née le , Sophie Bernard grandit à Paris. Son père est Théodore Bernard, avocat.

Passionnée d'art et de dessin depuis l'enfance, elle rentre à l'Académie Charpentier à Paris, puis suit des cours à l'Académie de la Grande-Chaumière, avant d'être reçue aux Beaux-Arts de Paris d'où elle sortira diplômée avec mention en 1969.

Cette année-là, elle intègre La Ruche, cité d'artistes dans le  de Paris. La Ruche fut un lieu refuge dans l'Entre-deux-guerres pour nombre d'artistes renommés du . Elle y fait la rencontre de Marc Chagall, Diego Giacometti, puis plus tard, se lie d'amitié avec Eduardo Arroyo, Martial Raysse, Mark Brusse, Micheal Farrell, Jean-Paul Chambas, Lucio Fanti, Ernest Pignon-Ernest, Vito Tongiani, Klaus Michael Grüber, André Barelier, Miklos Bokor, Fabio Rieti, Titina Maselli et Reinaldo De Santis.

Elle vit et travaille à Ivry-sur-Seine.

Carrière artistique

Dans les années 1980, après plusieurs expositions en France et à l'étranger, Sophie Bernard intègre la galerie Isy Brachot durant quelques années. Elle est alors remarquée par Anne Tronche, Olivier Kaeppelin et Michel Troche qui lui conseillent de se présenter à la Villa Médicis hors les murs.

En 1982, elle est reçue par Daniel Arasse à l'Institut français de Florence, qui lui conseille de se présenter à diverses bourses pour travailler en Italie. Son ami Martial Raysse lui remet des lettres de recommandations dans le but d'obtenir une bourse en Italie.

À deux reprises, le Fonds national d'art contemporain fait l'achat de toiles de l'artiste en 1981 et 1983.

En 1985, La Fondation Camille lui achète une des toiles de sa série La Mort de Socrate, reconnue comme femme artiste internationale. En 2010, cette œuvre est donnée au musée national d'Art moderne à Paris par la Fondation Camille.

En 1987, le musée d'Art moderne de Paris lui achète également une toile de la série La Mort de Socrate.

Le , elle obtient le prix du Conseil international des femmes juives, décerné par Stella Rozan.

Dans les années 1990, Sophie Bernard intègre la galerie Guy Crété, rue Vieille-du-Temple à Paris. En 1992, Ces choses et bien d'autres, série de scénographies, sont exposées à la galerie Guy Crété, autour du nombre d'or.

En 1991, Le président de la République, François Mitterrand fait l'acquisition de sa scénographie Firenze.

En 1995, elle produit une série de scénographies sur l'optique dans la mythologie grecque Emphasis Eidolon - De l'apparence, du visible, aidée par Jean-Pierre Vernant et Françoise Frontisi-Ducroux, du Collège de France. Elle est exposée à la galerie Guy Crété.

Certains de ses travaux sont repris pour des mises en scène de théâtre. La plupart de ses œuvres seront présentées dans des galeries et intégreront des collections privées ou des musées (musée d'Art moderne de Paris, musée départemental d'Art ancien et contemporain d'Épinal, musée national d'Art moderne, Fonds national d'art contemporain, palais de l'Élysée, Fondation Camille).

Ses recherches artistiques et son intérêt pour l'histoire de l'art, en particulier pour la Renaissance italienne, la conduisent en 2011 à résider à Venise, où elle réalise Tintoretto messo in scena, une installation inspirée du Tintoret, dont la musique est composée par Steve Shehan. Le Guardian Grande Franco Posocco de la Scuola Grande de San Rocco de Venise la fera exposer à la Scuola Grande di San Teodoro.

En 2014, elle s'installe  à Florence où elle crée une œuvre intitulée Terza Rima, inspirée de l'Enfer de Dante, qu'elle expose à Venise en 2015.

De retour en France, c'est en hommage aux naufragés et à Géricault qu'elle crée une série de grandes toiles Migrations en 2019.

Engagements

Politique

Sophie Bernard est une artiste engagée et impliquée notamment dans la politique. Elle a été active au Parti socialiste pendant une vingtaine d'années. En 2019, elle a organisé l'exposition Migrations dont elle était commissaire d'exposition au siège du Parti socialiste à Ivry-sur-Seine. Nisa Chevènement, Hélène Hourmat, Jean-Luc Bertini et Ari Rossner y sont exposés avec Sophie Bernard. Rosi Huhn, historienne de l'art et critique d'art, écrit à propos de l'exposition : .

Migrations et immigrations
Les œuvres Naufrage et Odyssées que Sophie Bernard expose en 2019 à Ivry-sur-Seine attirent l'attention sur la situation alarmante des migrants. , écrit Rosi Huhn.

Holocauste
Les peuples opprimés et les génocides sont des thèmes récurrents dans ses œuvres , écrit Rosi Huhn.

À travers la série d'œuvres Pithos (1998), elle exprime également l'expérience post-traumatique de l'antisémitisme et de l'holocauste, sa mère et son père ayant été déportés dans le camp de concentration de Drancy sous l'occupation allemande. Dans ces dessins, les pithos sont pleins de larmes et de souffrance, corps symboliques d'une mémoire et d'une histoire personnelle et collective.

Thématiques
Le travail de Sophie Bernard s'inscrit dans une recherche constante : celle de l'image et de son double.

Puisant dans une culture classique, elle convoque ces figures d'un autre temps pour en faire une mémoire au présent.

Parmi les thèmes de prédilection de l'artiste on peut citer, de façon non-exhaustive, le blanc, l'histoire de l'art, la mémoire, les jeux de miroir, les mythes grecs.

Le blanc
Le blanc de la toile ou du papier devient inachèvement indispensable au regard et à l'imagination du spectateur.

Anne Tronche écrit, en 1983

L'histoire de l'art

L'histoire de l'art est une inspiration et une matière constante dans le travail de Sophie Bernard.

, écrit Éducation hebdo en 1983.

Par la mémoire et la culture classique, Sophie Bernard puise une source inépuisable de sens et de symboles amenant le regard vers une réflexion sur le temps, guidée par la lumière. On retrouve cela dans la série de scénographies Ces « choses » et bien d'autres de 1992 à la galerie Guy Crété. , écrit Marc Le Bot en préface du catalogue de l'exposition.

Les mythes grecs
Françoise Frontisi-Ducroux, sous-directrice au Collège de France et membre du Centre Louis Gernet écrit dans le catalogue de l'exposition de Sophie Bernard, Emphasis Eidolon, de l'apparence du visible, en 1995 :

Emphasis Eidolon, de l'apparence du visible est une série de scénographies ayant pour matériaux des sculptures en terre cuite patinée, bronze, laiton, cuivre, plomb, verre optique, plexiglas, marbre et bois,  écrit Sophie Bernard dans Monologue sur une création en 1995.

Autres activités

Théâtre et cinéma
En 1968, Sophie Bernard conçoit et réalise des décors et des costumes de La vie est un songe de Caldéron, pour le théâtre antique d'Arles.

En 1972, elle crée et réalise des accessoires pour Salomon le Magnifique, au Festival d'Avignon. La même année, elle est l'assistante de Tristan Fabris pour réalisation des peintures murales du décor Addio Garibaldi au théâtre national de l'Opéra-Comique à Paris.

En 1973, elle reproduit des fresques avec Tristan Fabris et signe un contrat à la télévision française comme ensemblier-décorateur pour le film Les Rosenberg ne doivent pas mourir de Stellio Lorenzi.

Enseignement
Sophie Bernard enseigne dans plusieurs écoles, notamment à l'Institut professionnel des métiers de la décoration à Paris où elle est responsable pédagogique du département dessin et enseignante de 1992 à 1995. De 1980 à 1990, elle anime aussi des ateliers d'expression et de fresques murales pour des enfants d'écoles maternelles.

Art thérapie et ateliers d'expression
Sophie Bernard a collaboré plusieurs fois dans des projets artistiques. En 1991, elle anime, notamment avec le service socio-éducatif de la Maison d'arrêt de Rochefort et le Service culturel de la Ville de La Rochelle, un atelier d'expression et d'insertion pour des publics en grande difficulté à travers la réalisation d'une peinture murale sur bâche sur le thème de la liberté.

En 2004, avec Anne Hidalgo, elle propose à des jeunes de quartiers défavorisés de confectionner un cerf-volant géant pour l'édition annuelle de Nuit blanche à l'occasion de l'inauguration des grands travaux du tramway parisien.

Expositions et installations

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 Anne Hidalgo et Jean-Bernard Senon, Une femme dans l'arène, Éditions du Rocher, 2006,

Liens externes

Peintre français du XXe siècle
Peintre français du XXIe siècle
Peintre française
Dessinatrice française
Lithographe français du XXe siècle
Lithographe français du XXIe siècle
Sérigraphe
Sculpteur français du XXe siècle
Sculpteur français du XXIe siècle
Sculptrice française
Artiste contemporain français
Artiste d'installation français
Naissance en juin 1948
Naissance à Neuilly-sur-Seine

Sophie Bernard


Termenul de pulbere (sinonim cu praf, sau pudră) se referă la un material solid care se prezintă sub formă de particule foarte fine. Pulberile fac parte din categoria materialelor granulare.

Tipuri
Câteva exemple de produse care sunt întâlnite sub formă de pulbere sunt: făina, zahărul, cafeaua măcinată, laptele praf, praful de pușcă, dar și unele produse farmaceutice.

Note

Știința materialelor
Forme farmaceutice

Pulbere


Thom Filicia  is an American interior designer, known for his role as an interior design expert on the American television program Queer Eye for the Straight Guy. He is also a co-author of a book based on the show.

Biography
Filicia grew up in the greater Syracuse area, and graduated from Nottingham High School in Syracuse, New York. Filicia graduated from Syracuse University's College of Visual and Performing Arts with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in interior design.

Filicia began his career at renowned design firms Parish-Hadley, Robert Metzger, and Bilhuber & Associates. He is the founder and chief creative officer of New York City-based design firm, Thom Filicia, Inc., founded in 1998. Filicia's design portfolio includes various projects such as the VIP Suite for the USA Pavilion at the World's Fair in Aichi, Japan, an eco-friendly apartment for Riverhouse, Manhattan's first premium (LEED certified) "green" luxury condominium tower, and designing the holiday decoration installation with American Christmas for the  Radio City Music Hall.

Filicia got cast as the interior design expert in the Emmy-Award-winning show Queer Eye for the Straight Guy. Filicia has also hosted several shows for the Style Network, including Dress My Nest and Tacky House.

He was a guest judge on HGTV's The White Room Challenge.

In 2022, he was a contestant on the second season of RuPaul's Secret Celebrity Drag Race as Drag Queen "Jackie Would" and made it through 3 weeks before being eliminated in a lip sync to Donna Bellissima.

In 2023, Filicia was a guest celebrity judge and performed Jackie Would in the episode of the eighth season titled Carson Kressley, This Is Your Gay Life of the American reality television series RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars aired on Paramount+ and WOW Presents Plus.

Books
Filicia is the author of Thom Filicia Style published in 2008 by Atria/Simon & Schuster, and is a contributing author of Queer Eye For The Straight Guy: The Fab 5 Guide To Living Better. His American Beauty: Renovating and Decorating a Beloved Retreat was published in 2012 by Clarkson Potter Publishers.

Awards
Queer Eye won an Emmy in 2004 for Outstanding Reality Program, and received a nomination again in the same category in 2005.
In 2011 he was named as one of Elle Decors top 25 A-List Designers, in 2006 he was chosen as one of House Beautifuls Top 100 American Designers and House & Gardens Top 50 "Tastemakers".

References

External links
Official website

Food Bank For New York City public service announcement

Living people
Nottingham High School (New York) alumni
American interior designers
American television personalities
Primetime Emmy Award winners
American LGBT broadcasters
LGBT people from New York (state)
Syracuse University College of Visual and Performing Arts alumni
Artists from Syracuse, New York
Television personalities from Syracuse, New York
American chief executives
Year of birth missing (living people)

Thom Filicia


Campionatul Mondial de Gimnastică Artistică din 2011 s-a desfășurat în perioada 7–16 octombrie 2011 la Tokyo în Japonia.

Medaliați

Clasament pe medalii

Legături externe
  www.2011tokyo.com, site-ul oficial

2011 în sport
2011
gimnastica


FK Osogovo (mak.: ФК Осогово) je nogometni klub iz Kočana, Sjeverna Makedonija. U sezoni 2017/2018 se natječe u Makedonskoj drugoj ligi. Utakmice igra na stadionu "Nikola Mantov" (gradski stadion Kočani, kapaciteta 5.000 gledatelja). Klupske boje su žuta i plava. Navijači kluba zovu se "Sejmeni".

Povijest
Klub je osnovan 1924. godine, jedan je od najstarijih makedonskih nogometnih klubova.

Trenutna momčad
Stanje veljača 2018 g.

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena stranica kluba
 Službena stranica Nogometne federacije Makedonije

Izvori

Osogovo

FK Osogovo


The Reverend James Bulwer (21 March 179411 June 1879) was an English collector, naturalist, artist and conchologist. He was a close friend and patron of the artist John Sell Cotman. He is considered to be a member of the Norwich School of painters.

Life
James Bulwer was born at Aylsham in the English county of Norfolk, the son of James Bulwer and Mary Seaman, and was baptised by his parents on 23 March 1794, at St Michael and All Angels, the town's parish church. He studied at Jesus College, Cambridge. During his time at Cambridge he took drawing lessons from the landscape artist John Sell Cotman and became a fellow of the Linnean Society due to his interest in molluscs, one of his three proposers being William Elford Leach.

In 1818 he was made a deacon and in 1822 he became a priest. In 1823 he became curate of Booterstown in Dublin, moving to Bristol in 1831 and St James's, Piccadilly in 1833. He spent several winters travelling in Spain, Portugal and the Madeira Islands, sometimes in the company of the philosopher and traveller Alfred Lyall.  In the spring of 1825 Bulwer collected a specimen of an unknown petrel in the Madeira Islands. This was described by William Jardine and P. J. Selby in 1828 and given the common name of Bulwer's petrel. The petrel genus of Bulweria was also named for him.

Bulwer left London in 1839 and moved back to Norfolk, becoming curate of Blickling Hall and later of Hunworth. He renewed his acquaintance with Cotman when his sons attended King's College School, and several of his sketches of Spain and Madeira inspired Cotman's watercolours.

His son James Redfoord Bulwer became a lawyer and a Member of parliament and also played first-class cricket.

References

 Barbara and Richard Mearns - Biographies for Birdwatchers (1988)

Bibliography

External links

Works related to James Bulwer held by the Norfolk Museums Service
James Bulwer fonds at the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

1794 births
1879 deaths
People from Aylsham
English naturalists
Conchologists
19th-century English Anglican priests
Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London

James Bulwer


, Thailand had 310 colleges, universities, and tertiary academic institutes. This is a categorized listing of institutions of higher learning in Thailand.

Public universities and colleges
Public universities were formerly called "government universities" and were fully supported by the government. Currently they are independent as government-supported public universities. However, their staff are no longer civil servants. Application is by annual nationwide competitive admission examination or occasionally by special direct application.

Autonomous universities
Autonomous universities have their own administrative structure and budgeting system for self-governance and full autonomy, allowing decision making on administrative and management matters to be handled by the university itself.

Rajabhat Universities

There are 40 universities in the Rajabhat Universities system. The universities are designed to provide higher education in provinces. They were formerly called Rajabhat Institutes and originally emerged as colleges of education. Admission is by competitive direct application. Some Rajabhat Universities have several campuses such as Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University.

Rajamangala Universities of Technology
The Rajamangala University of Technology system includes nine schools. It was formerly a polytechnic institute system and then was renamed "Rajamangala Institute of Technology" before being granted university status. Admission is by direct application.

Military and police academies

College
Office of the Vocational Education Commission supervised 416 institutions all over the country for producing and developing professional manpower of the vocational certificate, diploma in technical education and Bachelor's degree in various fields of technology and operation. There are 9 programs comprising more than 350 subject areas. The Management Centers have been established in 5 regions to promote academic work and develop vocational education in 77 provinces. The management of vocational education colleges at provincial level is linked together. Types of colleges can be found as follows:

Education agency and institutes

Private universities and colleges

Universities

The Ministry of University Affairs's (MUA) Directory of Schools and Universities.

Institutes

Colleges

Intergovernmental institute

Renowned foreign higher education institutes
In 2017, the government issued a decree to promote the establishment of renowned foreign higher education institute in the country. The decree allowed foreign institutes to set up entities in EEC or collaborate with local public universities to setup entities that can award their own degrees.

Institute of Community Colleges

 establish : (B.E.)2545
 website : http://iccs.ac.th

Joint schools
 Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE)
 Thailand Graduate Institute of Science and Technology (TGIST)
 Thailand Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (TAIST)

Groups of universities
 LAOTSE
 Greater Mekong Sub-region Academic and Research Network

See also

Lists of universities and colleges by country

Lists of universities and colleges
Education in Thailand
List of schools in Thailand
List of medical schools in Thailand

References

127  MAELAO DISTRICT NIE CENTRE ศูนย์การศึกษานอกระบบและการศึกษาตามอัธยาศัยอำเภอแม่ลาว  เว็บไซต์ http://ml.ac.th/

External links
 Directory of universities in Thailand: https://www.sataban.com/thailand-schools/categories/universities-of-thailand

Universities and colleges in Thailand
Universities

Thailand
Thailand

List of universities and colleges in Thailand


Constantin Rădulescu-Motru (15 de fevereiro de 1868, Mehedinți, Romênia  - 6 de março de 1957, Bucareste, Romênia), foi um filósofo, psicólogo, pedagogo, político, dramaturgo, diretor de teatro romeno, acadêmico e presidente da Academia Romena entre 1938-1941, uma personalidade proeminente da Romênia na primeira metade do século XX.

Obras

 F.W.Nietzsche. Viața și filosofia, 1897
 Problemele psihologiei, 1898
 Știință și energie, 1902
 Cultura română și politicianismul, 1904
 Psihologia martorului, 1906
 Psihologia industriașului, 1907
 Puterea sufletească; Psihologia ciocoismului, 1908
 Poporanismul politic și democrația conservatoare; Naționalismul cum se înțelege. Cum trebuie să se înțeleagă, 1909
 Sufletul neamului nostru. Calități bune și defecte, 1910
 Din psihologia revoluționarului, 1919
 Rasa, cultura și naționalitatea în filosofia istoriei, 1922
 Curs de psihologie, 1923
 Țărănismul. Un suflet și o politică, 1927
 Învățământul filosofic în România; Centenarul lui Hegel; Psihologie practică, 1931
 Vocația, factor hotărâtor în cultura popoarelor, 1932
 Ideologia statului român, 1934
 Românismul. Catehismul unei noi spiritualități, 1936
 Psihologia poporului român, 1937
 Timp și destin, 1940
 Etnicul românesc. Comunitate de origine, limbă și destin, 1942

Referências
Escritores da Roménia

Constantin Rădulescu-Motru


Zvonimir Lauc (Osijek 9. siječnja 1944.) hrvatski pravnik, sveučilišni profesor.

Životopis

Osnovnu i srednju školu završio u Osijeku, a Pravni fakultet u Zagrebu. Član je Matičinog povjerenstva za područje društvenih znanosti, polje pravo. Stalni je vanjski znanstveni savjetnik Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske.

Knjige
 O Ustavu Republike Hrvatske, Pravni fakultet Osijek, 1991.
 Regija i regionalizacija u Hrvatskoj, ustavno-politički i upravno-pravni aspekti, Pravni fakultet u Osijeku, 1989. (koautor B. Babac)
 Društveni razvoj i ustavne promjene, CITRO, Osijek, 1984.

Nagrade i priznanja
 Odlikovan je ordenom Republika Hrvatska "Bljesak" i Redom Danice Hrvatske s likom Ruđera Boškovića.
 Osječko-baranjska županija dodijelila mu je Povelju lokalne samouprave.

Izvori

Hrvatski pravnici

Zvonimir Lauc


Papağanlar, Psittaciformes takımını oluşturan kıvrık gagalı, etli ve kalın dilli, parlak tüylü, sıcak yerlerde yaşayan kuşlardır. Ayrıca bu kuşların bazı türleri söylediğiniz bazı şeyleri tekrar edebilirler.

Anatomileri
Ayakları kısa ve ikisi önde, ikisi arkada olmak üzere dört parmağa sahiptir. Ön parmakların dipleri kısa bir zarla birbirine bağlıdır. Arkaya yönelik birinci ve dördüncü parmak geriden kavrar ve gaganın yardımı ile çeviklikle tırmanabilir. Tırmanma anında gagalarını üçüncü bir ayak gibi kullanma özelliklerinden dolayı en iyi tırmanıcı kuşlar olarak kabul edilirler.

Kalın ve kıvrık üst gaga hareketlidir. Alt gaga ise yiyecekleri kırmada tabla vazifesi görür. Dil, kalın ve etlidir. Aynı zamanda dokunma organı görevini de yapar. Dilleri kısa ve serttir. Gaga ve dilleri sayesinde ayçekirdeği gibi kabuklu yemişleri soyup yiyebilirler.

Papağanların kanatları nispeten kısadır. Bununla beraber, Yeni Zelanda papağanı hariç hepsi iyi uçucudur. Genelde çift veya grup halinde çığlık çığlığa uçarlar. Avustralya'da yaşayan Kakadular, binlerce fertten meydana gelen sürüler halinde seyahat ederler.

Beslenirken veya dinlenirken çok sakindirler. Yeşil renklileri o kadar iyi kamufle olur ki, çoğu zaman fark edilmezler. Tüyleri yeşil hakim olmak üzere kırmızı, mavi, sarı, beyaz ve siyah olabilir.

Yaşamları

Papağanlar tabii halde ağaçlarda yaşarlar. Ancak insan sesini ve melodileri ezberleyerek tekrarlama kabiliyetlerinden dolayı, birçok evde kafeslerde beslenirler. Kafeslerine çiğnemeleri için ağaç parçaları koymak faydalıdır. Yuvalarını ağaç kovuklarına, kaya yarıklarına yaparlar. Eşler birbirlerine bağlıdır. İri yapıda olanların dişileri yılda 2-3, küçükleri ise daha çok yumurta yaparlar.

Beslenme
Çeşitlerine göre tomurcuk, çiçek, meyve ve tohumlarla beslenirler. Bu arada hayvansal besin alan birkaç tür de mevcuttur.

Papağanlar beslenme ihtiyaçlarına göre (genel olarak) ikiye ayrılabilir:
 Tohum/çekirdek ağırlıklı beslenen papağanlar: Sultan papağanları, muhabbet kuşları, sevda papağanları, hindistan papağanları vs. Bu papağanların besinlerinin %70'ini çeşitli tohumlar, çekirdekler, tahıl ürünleri ve nut türleri (fındık, ceviz, kaju vs.) oluşturmalıdır. Geriye kalan %30 meyve ve sebzeye ayrılmalıdır. Eğer papağanınızı pellet mamayla besliyorsanız, besininin %25'ini pellet, % 30 meyve sebze, %45 tohum, çekirdek, tahıl ve nut oluşturmalı.
 Meyve/sebze ağırlıklı beslenen papağanlar: Afrika Griler, Kakadular, Eclectuslar, Aralar, Konurlar, Senegal papağanları vs. Bu papağanların besinlerinin %70'ini meyve sebze, %25 tohum, çekirdek(ay çekirdeğinden bahsetmiyorum) ve tahıllar, %5'ini nut türü fındık, ceviz, kaju, şam fıstığı türünde gıdalar oluşturmalıdır. Eğer papağanınızı pellet mamayla besliyorsanız, besininin %25'i pellet, %10'u tohum, çekirdek, tahıl, % 5 nut ve % 60'ını meyve sebze oluşturmalıdır.

 Papağanlarınıza taze meyve sebze vermeye çalışın. Ancak kurutulmuş meyve verecekseniz de, "işlemden geçmemiş", şeker eklenmemiş", "boya katılmamış", güvenilirliğinden emin olduğunuz kuru meyveleri almaya dikkat edin.
 Papağanlarınıza meyve/sebze verirken, "mevsime uygun" olanları seçin. Hormonlu, serada yetişmiş ürünler papağanınıza size verdiğinden daha fazla zarar verir.
 Sebzeleri suda değil buharda haşlamaya çalışın. Suda haşlandığında sebzeler vitaminlerin bir kısmını suda bırakır.

 Yazları karpuz kavun yedikçe, kış için çekirdeklerini kurutup biriktirmeyi ihmal etmeyin.
 Papağanlar yemek alışkanlıklarını zor değiştirir. Sabırlı olun. Bazen bir mamaya alıştırmak için onu boş yere mama kabına 6 ay boyunca koymak zorunda kalabilirsiniz. Ama bir gün bakarsınız, hiç dokunmadığı mamaya gaga atmaya başlamış, daha sonra en sevdiği şey haline gelmiş. Beslenme başlığı altında yemek alışkanlığını değiştirme konusunda öneriler olacak.
 Papağanınıza konserve mısır vermezseniz daha iyi olur. Hem yararsız, hem de genelde içine tuz sinmiş oluyor. Ayrıca hormonlu mısır vermemeye de dikkat edin. En iyisi, papağanınıza mısırı mevsiminde, pişmiş ya da çiğ olarak koçanıyla birlikte vermek.
 Patates, fasulye ve bezelye türlerinin papağanlara sadece PİŞMİŞ verilebileceğini unutmayın. Karahindiba gibi pişince vitaminlerini kaybeden bitkileri de çiğ vermeye çalışın.

 Papağanınıza tohum ve çekirdekleri filizlendirerek verirseniz, onlara çok daha zengin bir mama sunmuş olursunuz. Bilhassa papağanınız meyve sebze ağırlı beslenmesi gereken bir papağansa ama meyve sebzeyi henüz reddediyorsa, tohum ve çekirdekler mutlaka fiilizlendirilerek verilmelidir. Filizlendirme işlemi basittir: Bir avuç tohum/çekirdek bir kap suda bir gün bekletilir. Ertesi gün su süzülür ve ıslak ıslak, üzeri bir bezle sıkıca kapatılmış bir kabın içine konur ve güneşte/aydınlıkta bekletilir. Ertesi gün filizlenmiş olanlar papağanınıza verilmeye hazırdır.
 Papağanınıza meyve sebze verirken iyice yıkamayı unutmayın. İyi yıkanmamış besinlerden her türlü hastalık, iç parazit kapılabilir.

Tohum, çekirdek ve nut gıdalar, eğer papağanınız sebze-meyveye henüz alışmadıysa, gerekli vitamin ve minerallerin karşılanması için önemli olacaktır. Ancak bu durumda ay çekirdeği ve yer fıstığı gibi gereksiz besinler yerine, kabak çekirdeği, badem, fındık ve diğerlerine ağırlık vermeniz daha doğru olur. Yine de unutmayın, bu besinler "normalde" papağanların beslenme yüzdesinin bir kısmını oluşturur ancak. Ne kadar uğraştırırsa uğraştırsın, papağanınızı meyve sebzeye geçirin.

Aşağıdakileri ayrı ayrı verebileceğiniz gibi, ileride anlatılacak "LAPA MAMA"larının içine katık olarak da kullanılabilirler.

Taklit etme
Papağanlar, çok kuvvetli hafızaları sayesinde öğrendikleri sözcükleri anlamlarını bilmeden tekrar ederler. Doğada özgürken insanlarla hayvanları taklit etmedikleri tetkik edilerek anlaşılmıştır. En tanınmış konuşan türü jako'dur. Erkekler dişilerden daha iyi konuşur. Yeni bir kelimeyi öğrendikleri zaman memeliler gibi mükafat beklemezler. Verilecek cezadan da anlamazlar. Eğitimleri sabır ister.

Türlere göre papağanlar içerisinde en çok konuşma yeteneği olanlar şöyle sıralanabilir;

 Jako, (Gri papağan)
 Amazon,
 Muhabbet kuşu,
 Lori,
 Kakadu,
 Ara,
 Cennet Papağanı,
 Sultan Papağanı.
Muhabbet kuşu gibi bazı türlerin konuşmaları ıslığa benzer olduğu için fark edilmeyebilir, bununla beraber gri papağan, amazon papağanı, ara ve kakadu gibi türler net ve anlaşılır şekilde konuşabilir. Kuşların konuşma yeteneğini, eğitim, genetik ve geçmiş deneyimler etkileyebilmektedir.

Papağanlar kuşlar sınıfı içerisinde beyin organizasyonu en gelişmiş canlılar olarak, sebep-sonuç ilişkisi kurmakta oldukça başarılıdırlar. Örneğin telefon çaldığında "alo" ya da kapı çaldığında "kim o" gibi kelimeleri söyleyebilirler. Bu tarz kelimeleri söyletmenin öncelikli olarak eğitimle ilgili olduğunu belirtmek gerekir.

Yaşam süreleri
Ortalama ömürleri 70 yıl kadar olan papağanların 315'ten fazla çeşidi vardır. Kafestekiler 30-40 yıl yaşayabilir. Elli yıl yaşayanları görülmüştür.Papağanlar yumurtlayarak çoğalırlar.

Zararları
Tarım ürünlerine olan ziyanlarından dolayı bol avlanmaktadırlar. Esaret hayatına rahat alıştıklarından kafeste kolayca beslenebilirler. Fakat "papağan hastalığı" diye bilinen psittakozu, insana bulaştırdıklarından zararlı olabilirler.

Dağılımları
Afrika, Amerika, Asya ve Okyanusya'nın tropikal orman bölgelerinde yaşarlar. Türkiye'de ise doğal olarak yaşayan iki tür şunlardır: Yeşil papağan ve İskender papağanı.

Sınıflandırılmaları

Papağanlar dil yapısına göre iki ana gruba ayrılır;
 Ceviz ve meyveyle beslenen düz ve kaygan dilliler,
 Bitki özüyle beslenen fırça dilliler.

 Familya Psittacidae: 332 tür
 Alt familya Loriinae: loriler 12 cinsde 53 tür
 Alt familya Psittacinae: 9 oymak
 Oymak Psittrichadini
 Oymak Nestorini: 1 cins 3 tür
 Oymak Strigopini:
 Oymak Micropsittini: 6 tür, bütün türleri aynı cinste toplanmıştır.
 Oymak Cyclopsitticini: incir papağanları, 3 cins 6 tür
 Oymak Platycercini: 4 cinsde 37 tür
 Oymak Psittaculini: 12 cinsde 66 tür
 Oymak Psittacini: 3 cinsde 12 tür
 Oymak Arini: 30 cinsde 148 tür

Ayrıca bakınız
 Kakadu
 Jako
 Muhabbet kuşu
 Papağangiller

Kaynakça

Kitap

Dış bağlantılar
 City Parrots

Evcil kuşlar

Papağan


Elsie Worthington Clews Parsons (27 de novembro de 1875 - 19 de dezembro de 1941) foi uma antropóloga, socióloga, folclorista e feminista americana que estudou tribos nativas americanas - como os Tewa e Hopi - nos estados estadounidenses de Arizona e Novo México e no México . Ela ajudou a fundar a The New School.  Ela foi editora associada do The Journal of American Folklore (1918-1941), presidente da American Folklore Society (1919-1920), presidente da American Ethnological Society (1923-1925), e foi eleita a primeira mulher presidente da  Associação Antropológica Americana (1941) pouco antes de sua morte.

Ela obteve seu diploma de bacharel no Barnard College em 1896. Ela recebeu seu mestrado (1897) e Ph.D. (1899) da Universidade de Columbia.

A cada dois anos, a American Ethnological Society concede o Prêmio Elsie Clews Parsons para o melhor ensaio de estudante de pós-graduação, em sua homenagem.

Biografia
Parsons era filha de Henry Clews, um rico banqueiro de Nova York, e Lucy Madison Worthington. Seu irmão, Henry Clews Jr., era um artista . Em 1 de setembro de 1900, em Newport, Rhode Island, ela se casou com o futuro congressista republicano progressista de três mandatos Herbert Parsons, um associado e aliado político do presidente Teddy Roosevelt. Quando seu marido era membro do Congresso, ela publicou dois livros então controversos sob o pseudônimo de John Main.

Parsons se interessou pela antropologia em 1910. Ela acreditava que o folclore era a chave para entender uma cultura e que a antropologia poderia ser um veículo para a mudança social.

Seu trabalho Pueblo Indian Religion é considerado um clássico, reunindo toda a sua obra anterior e de outros autores. É, no entanto, prejudicado por técnicas de pesquisa intrusivas e enganosas.

Ela é apontada por estudiosos críticos atuais como um exemplo arquetípico de uma pensadora "feminista antimoderna", conhecida por sua paixão por índios nativos americanos que muitas vezes se manifestava como um desejo de preservar uma identidade indígena "tradicional" e "pura", independentemente de como os próprios povos indígenas abordaram questões de modernização ou mudança cultural. Os estudiosos Sandy Grande e Margaret D. Jacobs argumentam que suas tendências racistas e objetificantes em relação aos povos indígenas das Américas são evidenciadas, por exemplo, por sua vontade de mudar seu nome e se apropriar de uma identidade Hopi principalmente para aumentar seu acesso a locais de pesquisa e participantes.

ideias feministas
As ideias feministas de Parsons eram vistas como extremamente radicais para o seu tempo. Ela era uma defensora de divórcio por consentimento mútuo e acesso a contracepção confiável, sobre os quais ela escreveu em seu livro The Family (1906). Ela também escreveu sobre os efeitos que a sociedade teve no crescimento dos indivíduos e, mais precisamente, o efeito das expectativas de papéis de gênero e como elas sufocam o crescimento individual tanto para mulheres quanto para homens. A Família (1906) foi recebida com tanta repercussão que ela publicou seu segundo livro Castidade Religiosa (1913) sob o pseudônimo de "John Main" para não afetar a carreira política de seu marido, Herbert Parsons.

Trabalhos

Os primeiros trabalhos da sociologia

 A Família (1906)
 Castidade Religiosa (1913)
 A mulher à moda antiga (1913)
 Medo e Convencionalidade (1914)
 Liberdade Social (1915)
 Regra Social (1916)

Antropologia

 A Organização Social dos Tewa do Novo México (1929)
 Cerimonialismo Hopi e Zuni (1933)
 Pueblo Indian Religião (1939)

Etnografias

 Mitla: Cidade das Almas (1936)
 Peguche (1945)

Pesquisa em folclore

 Folclore das Ilhas de Cabo Verde (1923)
 Folclore das Ilhas do Mar, SC (1924)
 Folclore Micmac (1925)
 Folclore das Antilhas, francês e inglês (3v., 1933-1943)

Ver também

 Ruth Benedict
 Franz Boas
 Crioulo cabo-verdiano
 História do feminismo
 Zora Neale Hurston
 Margaret Mead
 Taos Pueblo

Referências

Leitura adicional

Alunos da Universidade Columbia
Alunas do Barnard College
Folcloristas dos Estados Unidos
Sociólogos dos Estados Unidos
Etnólogos dos Estados Unidos
Antropólogas dos Estados Unidos
Mortos em 1941
Nascidos em 1875
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

Elsie Clews Parsons


ජුදාස් ඉස්කොරියොත් (මරණය ක්‍රි.ව 29-33 අප්‍රේල්) නව ගිවිසුමට අනුව, ජෙසුස් වහන්සේගේ ධර්ම දූතවරුන් දොළොස් දෙනාගෙන් එක් අයෙකි.  ගිණුම් පිළිබඳව වාර්තා තැබීම මොහුට භාර වු වගකීමකි. ජෙසුස්ට ද්‍රෝහි වු වරදට මොහු සම්බන්ධ විය.

ජුදාස් සුවිශේෂය ( 4 වන සියවස මුල් කාලයේ පැවතුණු) සමඟ ජුදාස් සම්බන්ධ වි ඇත. ගුප්ත කණ්ඩායම් අතර ප්‍රසිද්ධ චරිතයක් ලෙස පෙනී සිටිය අතර මොහු දාර්ශනික ලේඛනවල විශේෂ මාතෘකාවක් බවටද පත් වූවේය. බොහෝ ක්‍රිස්තියානිවරු (ගිහියෝ, පුජකවරු හෝ දේව  ධාර්මිකයෝ) ජුදාස්ව ද්‍රෝහියෙක් ලෙස තවමත් සළකති. ද්‍රෝහියට සමාන අර්ථයෙන් 'ජුදාස්' යන නම භාෂා කිහිපයකින්ම සඳහන් වේ. කෙසේ වුවත් ඇතැම් වියතුන්  ජුදාස් පිළිබඳව විකල්පීය අදහස් දක්වයි.ඒ අනුව ජෙසුගේ දැනුම හා කැමැත්ත පරිදි ,යලි බයිබලයේ දිවැස්වැකි නියෝග කිරීමෙන් පසුව ද්‍රෝහියා යන ස්වරූපය ගොඩ නැඟීමට ඉතිහාසික විරූපීකරණය කර ඇති බව ඍවුන්ගේ පිළිගැනීමයි.

ජුදාස් ඉස්කාරියොට් විවේචනය කිරීම

ගුප්ත කණ්ඩායම් (ඥෙයවාදී කණ්ඩායම් ආදි) ජුදාස්ගේ චරිතය සම්බන්ධයෙන් මහත් උනන්දුවක් ගනුයේ දෙවියන් වහන්සේට ද්‍රෝහි වීම විද්‍යාමානව පරස්පරයකින් යුත් කරුණක් වුණු නිසාය. මුලික ප්‍රශ්න ලෙස සලකා බැලුවේ මේවාය.

·	දිවැස්වැකි මුල පිරීමට ජේසු‍ස්ට ද්‍රෝහි වීම සඳහා ජුදාස් සිටියේ ඔහු ජීවත්ව සිටි කාලයේ පමණක්ද?

·	ජේසුස් වහන්සේ තමන්ව ජුදාස්ට පාවා දීම සඳහා හේතු වු කරුණු,

-	ජේසුස් වහන්සේ මෙම පාවාදීම වළක්වාලීමට බැරිවුයේ ද?

-	ජේසුස් වහන්සේ තම කැමැත්තෙන්ම මෙම පාවා දීමට දායක වුයේද?

-	ජේසුස් වහන්සේ තම කැමැත්තෙන්ම මෙම පාවා දිමට ක්‍රියාවන් අනුගමනය කෙරුවේද?

·		මාක් සිට ජෝන් දක්වා කියවීමේදී ජුදාස්ගේ දුෂ්ට හැසිරීම වඩාත් ප්‍රබල සහ ප්‍රකාශිතයට පත් වීමට හේතුව කුමක්ද?

ඉරේනියස් එක් ඥෙයවාදී නිකාය කැනිටිස් (Cainites) විශ්වාස සම්බන්ධව වාර්තා තැබුවේය. එනම් ජුදාස් සොටියාගේ ආයුධයක් (දේව ඥානය) වනුයේ ඩෙමියුර්ජ්ගේ තන්හාව පෙර දැරි කොටගෙන යන්නයි. ශුභාරංචියේ කියු පරිදි රිදීමය කාසි ගණනය කරන්නා ජුදාස් බව හෙබ්රව් බයිබ‍ලයේ දෙවියන් වහන්සේගේ ගෝලයෙක් බව කියැවේ. පසු කාලයේදී කැනිටිස් (Cainites) කණ්ඩායම් දෙකකට බෙදුනි. ඊට හේතුව  ජේසුස්ගේ විශ්ව විද්‍යාව සමඟ එකඟතාවයකට පත් නොවීම නිසාය.

ඔරිජින් සම්ප්‍රදායක් දැන සිටියේය. එය ජුදාස්ට පමණක් සම්බන්ධ නොවුන අතර ජේසුස් වහන්සේගේ ශ්‍රාවකයෝ සියළුදෙනාම උන් වහන්සේගේ පාවාදීමට හවුල් වු බවට යන්නෙනි. තවද ජුදාස්ව කරදර (කෲර) පුද්ගලයෙකු හැටියට ඔරිජින් විනිශ්චය නොකළේය.

ක්‍රිස්තු විරෝධිතයෙකු වු සෙල්සස්, ප්‍රායෝගික කියවීම විනිශ්චය කිරීමෙන් මෙම දාර්ශනික කතාවන් අසම්මත බව ප්‍රකාශ කළේය. ඊට හේතුව වුයේ ජේසුස් වහන්සේ තමාව පවා දෙනු ලබන පුද්ගලයා කවුරුන්ද කියා යුදෙව් වසන්ත  උත්සවයේදි හැඟ වීමයි.

ජේසුස් වහන්සේ කලින් සිටම දැ‍නගෙන සිටිය බවත්, ජුදාස්ගේ ද්‍රෝහි වීමත්, ශුභාරංචිය ඉදිරිපත් කරනු ලැබුවේය.  2006 අප්‍රේල් හිදී ජුදාස් සුවිශේෂ ලේඛනය නව භාෂාවන්ට පරිවර්තනය කරනු ලැබුවේය. එහිදී ජේසුස් වහන්සේ ඔහුව පාවා දීමට ජුදාස්ට කිවු බව සත්‍ය ලෙස පිළිගත හැකි කරුණකි. මෙය ජොහොන් සුවිශේෂය සමඟ එකඟ නොවුවත්, මාක් සුවිශේෂයේ අර්ථ කිහිපයක් ඇත.

කිතු දහම

ජුදාස් ඉස්කාරි‍යොත්


Karl Christian Eduard Schmitz (* 10. Mai 1838 auf Schloss Malberg; † 26. Februar 1895 ebenda) war ein deutscher Verwaltungsjurist.

Leben
Schmitz war ein Sohn des Oberförsters und Gutsbesitzers Franz Gerhard Schmitz und seiner Frau Ernestine geb. Freiin von Veyder-Malberg. Er besuchte das Königliche Gymnasium zu Trier in Trier, wo er 1858 die Reifeprüfung bestand. Nach dem Abitur immatrikulierte er sich an der Königlichen Universität zu Greifswald für Rechtswissenschaft. 1858/59 diente er als Einjährig-Freiwilliger im 2. Jäger-Bataillon in Greifswald. 1859 wurde er im Corps Guestfalia Greifswald recipiert. Er wechselte an die Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn und die Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg. 1860 schloss er sich dem Corps Saxonia Bonn und dem Corps Guestphalia Heidelberg an. 1862 wurde er Auskultator beim Landgericht in Trier, 1865 Regierungsreferendar in Trier, 1869 Regierungsassessor bei der Regierung in Arnsberg, 1873 in Merseburg, 1875 in Köslin. Am 28. Oktober 1876 wurde er zum kommissarischen Landrat des Kreises Wiedenbrück bestellt und am 20. Juni 1877 definitiv ernannt. Am 20. Mai 1881 wurde er kommissarischer Landrat im Kreis Gladbach und dort am 4. Januar 1882 definitiv ernannt.

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Landrat (Kreis Wiedenbrück)
Corpsstudent (19. Jahrhundert)
Geheimer Regierungsrat
Deutscher
Geboren 1838
Gestorben 1895
Mann
Verwaltungsjurist
Landrat (Landkreis Gladbach)

Eduard Schmitz (Landrat)


A nuclear-powered icebreaker is an icebreaker with an onboard nuclear power plant that produces power for the vessel's propulsion system. Although more expensive to operate, nuclear-powered icebreakers provide a number of advantages over their diesel-powered counterparts, especially along the Northern Sea Route where heavy power demand associated with icebreaking, limited refueling infrastructure along the Siberian coast, and endurance required make diesel-powered icebreaker operations challenging. As of 2023, Russia is the only country that builds and operates nuclear-powered icebreakers, having built a number of such vessels to aid shipping along the Northern Sea Route and Russian arctic outposts since the Soviet era.

History of nuclear-powered icebreakers

The first nuclear icebreaker was the Soviet vessel Lenin, which was launched in 1957 as the world's first nuclear-powered surface vessel and the first civilian-operated nuclear vessel. An experimental nuclear-powered vessel similar to the American NS Savannah, Lenin began icebreaking service along the Northern Sea Route in 1959 and continued to do so until 1989.

In 1971, the Soviet Union began construction on an evolutionary improvement on Lenin. The resulting Arktika class (Project 10520 and 10521) utilized an improved reactor design and turbo-electric propulsion train to deliver significantly improved icebreaking performance, allowing the vessels to provide year-round icebreaking service along the Northern Sea Route and conduct voyages into to the Artic Ocean.

As natural gas exploration increased along the Siberian coast, the Murmansk Shipping Company (MSCO) found that the existing Arktika-class were challenging to operate within the shallow coastal deltas. To fill this capability gap, they ordered two slightly smaller shallow-draught icebreakers from Wärtsilä Marine Helsinki Shipyard in Finland and installed their nuclear powerplants at Baltic Shipbuilding in Leningrad (today St. Petersburg).

In the late 1980s, the Central Design Bureau "Iceberg" began designing a replacement for the Arktika- and Taymyr classes. The program called for a series of icebreaker designs ranging from smaller diesel-powered auxiliary icebreakers to two nuclear-powered icebreaker types, 60-megawatt "line icebreaker" (LK-60Ya) and 110-megawatt "icebreaker-leader" (LK-110Ya).

The LK-60Ya was realized as Project 22220, the first of which was laid down in 2013 and commissioned in 2020. Although similar in size and propulsion power to the preceding Arktika-class, Project 22220 is a dual-draft vessel capable of operating at  shallower draft, allowing it to perform roles of both Arktika- and Taymyr classes. The first LK-110Ya-type icebreaker, realized as Project 10510, was laid down in 2021. When completed, the lead vessel Rossiya will be the largest nuclear icebreaker in the world.

Although Russia has historically been the only country to build and operate nuclear-powered icebreakers, several other countries have expressed interest in doing so. In 2019, China announced plans that it would build a nuclear-powered icebreaker similar to the Russian Project 22220. As of 2023, construction on this proposed nuclear icebreaker has not commenced.

Use of nuclear-powered icebreakers

Commercial icebreaking

The Northern Sea Route runs along the Siberian coast from the principal ports of Murmansk to Petropavlovsk and Vladivostok. The route includes sections of the Barents Sea, the Pechora Sea, the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, and the Eastern Siberian Sea to the Bering Strait. It provides the only feasible means to deliver heavy equipment, such as natural gas production modules or military vehicles, to communities along the Siberian coast and the Russian Arctic islands. Key ports served along the Siberian coast are Dikson, Tiksi, Pevek, and the Yamal Peninsula.

During the winter, the ice along the Northern Sea Route varies in thickness from . The ice in central parts of the Arctic Ocean is on average  thick. Nuclear-powered icebreakers can force through this ice at speeds up to . In ice-free waters, the maximum speed of the nuclear-powered icebreakers is as much as .

Two types of nuclear-powered icebreakers are used along the Northern Sea Route: the heavy Arktika-class and shallow draft Taymyr-class. With a draft of  the Arktika-class vessels are unable to navigate the shallow river deltas leading to several key Siberian ports. The smaller Taymyr-class provides icebreaking service in these regions, particularly the Yenisei River to Dikson.

Scientific exploration
The icebreakers have also been used for a number of scientific expeditions in the Arctic. On August 17, 1977,  was the first surface vessel in the world to reach the North Pole.

Arctic tourism

Since 1989 the Arktika-class nuclear-powered icebreakers have also been used to ferry tourists to the North Pole. Each participant pays up to US$25,000 for a cruise lasting three weeks. Sibir was used for the first two tourist cruises in 1989 and 1990. In 1991 and 1992, the tourist trips to the North Pole were undertaken by Sovetskiy Soyuz. During the summer of 1993, Yamal was used for three tourist expeditions in the Arctic. The last two vessel of the Arktika-class (Yamal and 50 Let Pobedy) contain a separate accommodation section for tourists.

Quark Expeditions chartered 50 Let Pobedy for expeditions to the North Pole in 2008. The vessel's maiden voyage to the North Pole embarked in Murmansk, on June 24, 2008. The ship carried 128 guests in 64 cabins in five categories. 50 Let Pobedy completed a total of three expeditions to the North Pole in 2008 for the polar adventure company. As of February 2013, Quark Expeditions was listing 50 Let Pobedy in the company fleet and offering it for a North Pole cruise.

Nuclear-powered icebreaker classes

Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker fleet
Russia's nuclear-powered icebreaking fleet is owned by the federal government. Initially, the icebreakers were operated by the Murmansk Shipping Company (MSCO); however, in 2008 they were transferred to the state-owned corporation Rosatom and operated by the subsidiary Atomflot. Rosatom is also responsible for the safe navigation of vessels along the Northern Sea Route.

Icebreakers

 Lenin: an experimental 16,000 tonne, 134 meter long icebreaker commissioned in 1957.  The Lenin was initially powered by three OK-150 (90MWt) nuclear reactors, which were replaced with two OK-900 (171MWt) reactors in 1971. Lenin was decommissioned in 1989 and has since been converted to a museum ship in its former homeport of Murmansk.
 Arktika class (Project 10520 and 10521): six 24,000 tonne, 148 meter long heavy icebreakers commissioned from 1977 to 2007. The Arktika-class icebreakers are powered by two OK-900A (171MWt) nuclear reactors with turbo-electric propulsion driving three propellers. Only two of the initial six vessels remain in active service.
 Taymyr class (Project 10580): two 20,800 tonne, 152 meter long shallow draft icebreakers commissioned from 1987 to 1989. The Taymyr-class is powered by one KLT-40M nuclear reactor (171MWt) with turbo-electric propulsion driving three propellers.
 Project 22220: 33,000 tonne, 173 meter long heavy icebreakers currently under construction at Baltic Shipyard which will replace the previous Arktika- and Taymyr-classes. As of June 2023, three vessels have been completed and an additional four are planned. Project 22220 icebreakers are powered by two RITM-200 (175MWt) nuclear reactors with turbo-electric propulsion driving three propellers.
 Project 10510: a 69,700 tonne, 209 meter long heavy icebreakers currently under construction at Zvezda Shipyard to augment Project 22220. As of June 2023, one hull is under construction. The vessel will be powered by two RITM-400 nuclear reactors (315MWt) with turbo-electric propulsion driving four propellers.

Ice-strengthened cargo ship

 Sevmorput: a 61,900 tonne, 260 meter long ice-strengthened LASH cargo ship commissioned in 1988. The Sevmorput is powered by one KLT-40 (135MWt) nuclear reactor and a steam turbine -driven controllable pitch propeller.

List of nuclear-powered icebreakers

See also

References

External links

 Gallery of Russian nuclear icebreakers
 The Nuclear icebreaker fleet - on Rosatom official site

Ship types

Russian inventions
Transport in the Arctic

Nuclear-powered icebreaker


الأمير عبد الإله بن عبد العزيز آل سعود (1358هـ-1939م-) هو الابن التاسع والعشرون من أبناء الملك عبد العزيز الذكور من الأميرة هيا بنت سعد بن عبد المحسن السديري. مستشار الملك سلمان بن عبد العزيز آل سعود.

عن حياته
درس في سانت هيرتس ثم ذهب ليكمل دراسته في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. وفي عام 1400 هـ عُيِّن أميرًا على منطقة القصيم، وظل أميرًا عليها إلى عام 1412 هـ، وفي عام 1419 هـ عُيِّن أميرًا على منطقة الجوف وذلك إلى عام 1423 هـ، وفي عام 1429 هـ عُيِّن مستشارًا للملك عبد الله بن عبد العزيز آل سعود وبقي مستشارًا للملك سلمان بن عبد العزيز آل سعود.

أسرته

 الأمير عبد العزيز بن عبد الإله بن عبد العزيز آل سعود (مواليد 1965). وله من الأبناء الأميرة هيا، الأمير سعود، الأمير عبد الإله، الأمير خالد، والأميرة نورة.
 الأميرة مشاعل بنت عبد الإله بن عبد العزيز آل سعود (مواليد 1970). متزوجة من الأمير أحمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن آل سعود ولها من الأبناء الأمير مصعب (متزوج من كريمة الأمير خالد بن مشعل بن سعود بن عبد العزيز آل سعود)، الأميرة هالة (متزوجة من الأمير محمد بن سعد آل سعود)، الأميرة لمى (كانت متزوجة من الأمير بدر بن عبد الله بن عبد العزيز آل سعود)، والأمير عبد العزيز.
 الأمير عبد المجيد بن عبد الإله بن عبد العزيز آل سعود (مواليد 1993، عضو دائم في مجلس العلاقات العربية الأمريكية، ورئيس اتحاد الطلاب السعوديين في جامعة نورث إيسترن في بوسطن). (متزوج من الأميرة لولوة بنت فيصل بن مشعل بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود)
 الأميرة فهدة بنت عبد الإله بن عبد العزيز آل سعود (مواليد 1993).
 الأميرة نورة بنت عبد الإله بن عبد العزيز آل سعود (مواليد 23 سبتمبر 2002). وهي أصغر أحفاد الملك المؤسس ذكوراً وإناثاً.

مصادر

آل سعود
أبناء عبد العزيز آل سعود
أمراء المناطق السعودية
أمراء سعوديون
أمراء منطقة الجوف
أمراء منطقة القصيم
سياسيون سعوديون
سياسيون سعوديون في القرن 20
شخصيات أعمال سعودية في القرن 20
شخصيات أعمال سعودية في القرن 21
مواليد 1939
مواليد في الرياض
وفيات 2023

عبد الإله بن عبد العزيز آل سعود


Botrugno ist eine südostitalienische Gemeinde (comune) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Provinz Lecce in Apulien. Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 35 Kilometer südlich von Lecce im Salento und gehört zur Unione delle Terre di Mezzo.

Geschichte
Aus der prähistorischer Zeit existiert ein etwa 135 cm hoher Menhir im Gemeindegebiet.

Die Gemeinde geht auf eine Stadtgründung der Griechen zurück. 1193 gibt Tankred von Lecce das Besitztum an Lancellotto Capace ab.
Seit 1958 ist Botrugno eine eigenständige Gemeinde.

Verkehr
Durch die Gemeinde führt die Strada Statale 275 di Santa Maria di Leuca von Maglie nach Santa Maria di Leuca.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Apulien

Botrugno


Thailand Science Park (TSP) () is in Tha Khlong, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani Province near Rangsit, north of Bangkok.  Managed by the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), under the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. Thailand Science Park was set up in 2002. TSP is part of Thailand's efforts to strengthen its capabilities in research and innovation. It is the country's largest science and technology research park.

Corporate tenants conducting research and development in Thailand Science Park receive maximum investment privileges from the Thailand Board of Investment (BOI).

Organisation and infrastructure
TSP houses NSTDA headquarters and four national research centers:

 National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)
 National Metal and Material Technology Center (MTEC)
 National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC)
 National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC)

Facilities include a library, an infirmary, a bank, a savings cooperative, a residence hall, a nursery (daycare center), a grocery store, two food courts, and a number of coffee shops and restaurants. In addition to advanced facilities and business space, the TSP offers a full range of value-added services to support technology businesses.

The park is near the Asian Institute of Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, and Thammasat University. Also in the park is the Thailand Technology Information Access Center (now the Science and Technology Knowledge Service Center or STKS), a provider of on-line information services.

See also
 Software Park Thailand
 Thailand Board of Investment

References

External links
 Thailand Science Park

Science parks in Thailand
Buildings and structures in Pathum Thani province
2002 establishments in Thailand
National Science and Technology Development Agency

Thailand Science Park


HD 41004 es una estrella binaria de magnitud aparente +8,65 situada en la constelación de Pictor.
Se conoce la existencia de una enana marrón y de un planeta extrasolar en este sistema estelar.

HD 41004 A
La componente principal, HD 41004 A, es una subgigante naranja de tipo espectral K1IV, anteriormente clasificada como K0V.
Tiene una temperatura efectiva de 5242 K y su luminosidad equivale al 65% de la luminosidad solar.
Su diámetro es un 7% más grande que el del Sol.
Gira sobre sí misma con una velocidad de rotación proyectada —límite inferior de la misma— de 1,2 km/s, siendo su período de rotación de aproximadamente 27 días.
Su edad se estima en 1600 millones de años.

La metalicidad de HD 41004 A, dato relacionado con la presencia de sistemas planetarios, es superior a la solar en un 45% ([Fe/H] = +0,16).
Otros elementos como níquel, silicio y, en menor medida, magnesio son igualmente más abundantes que en nuestra estrella.

HD 41004 B
La estrella secundaria, HD 41004 (HDS 814B), es una enana roja de tipo M2 y magnitud +12,3.
La separación visual con HD 41004 A es de 0,53 segundos de arco; ello implica que la separación proyectada entre ambas estrellas es de 21 UA y su período orbital puede ser de 90 años aproximadamente.

El sistema se encuentra a 133 años luz del sistema solar.

Sistema planetario y enana marrón

Desde 2004 se conoce la existencia de un planeta extrasolar en órbita alrededor de HD 41004 A, la principal componente del sistema.
Denominado HD 41004 A b, tiene una masa mínima 2,54 veces mayor que la de Júpiter.
Se mueve a una distancia media de 1,64 UA respecto a la estrella y su órbita es moderadamente excéntrica (ε = 0,39).
Completa una vuelta alrededor de HD 41004 A cada 963 días.

Las relaciones C/O y Mg/Si en HD 41004 A permiten inferir la composición de planetas terrestres.
El cociente C/O igual a 0,87 implica que, a diferencia del Sistema Solar, el carbono se encuentra en forma de grafito y carburos como carburo de titanio y carburo de silicio.
Silicatos de hierro y magnesio tales como olivino y piroxeno también estarían presentes en las regiones más alejadas de la estrella.

Por otra parte, HD 41004 B —la enana roja del sistema— está acompañada por una enana marrón con una masa mínima 18,4 veces mayor que la de Júpiter.
Recibe el nombre de HD 41004 B, orbita a sólo 0,018 UA de la estrella y tiene un corto período orbital de sólo 1,33 días.
Pese a la cercanía entre ambos objetos, la órbita no es completamente circular.

Véase también
 Lista de planetas extrasolares

Referencias

Enanas naranjas
Enanas rojas
Estrellas binarias
Enanas marrones
Sistemas planetarios
Constelación de Pictor

HD 41004


Liquidambar, commonly called sweetgum
(star gum in the UK),
gum, redgum, satin-walnut, or American storax, is the only genus in the flowering plant family Altingiaceae and has 15 species. They were formerly often treated in Hamamelidaceae. They are native to Southeast and east Asia, the eastern Mediterranean and eastern North America. They are decorative deciduous trees that are used in the wood industry and for ornamental purposes.

Etymology
Both the scientific and common names refer to the sweet resinous sap (liquid amber) exuded by the trunk when cut.

Species

Extant species

Fossils
 †Liquidambar changii - Miocene (Washington state, North America)

Description

They are all large, deciduous trees,  tall, with palmately 3- to 7-lobed leaves arranged spirally on the stems and length of , having a pleasant aroma when crushed. Their leaves can be many colors such as bright red, orange, yellow, and even purple. Mature bark is grayish and vertically grooved. The flowers are small, produced in a dense globular inflorescence  diameter, pendulous on a  stem. The fruit is a woody multiple capsule  in diameter (popularly called a "gumball"), containing numerous seeds and covered in numerous prickly, woody armatures, possibly to attach to fur of animals. The woody biomass is classified as hardwood.

At higher latitudes, Liquidambars are among the last of trees to leaf out in the spring, and also among the last of trees to drop its leaves in the fall/autumn, turning multiple colors. Fall/autumn colors are most brilliant where nights are chilly, but some cultivars color well in warm climates.

Distribution
Species within this genus are native to Southeast and east Asia, western Mediterranean and eastern North America. Countries and regions in which they occur are: Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara, Jawa, Sumatera); Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; China (including Fujian, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan, Zhejiang}; Taiwan; Korea; Laos; Myanmar; India (including Assam); East Himalaya; Tibet; Turkey; Greece (Rhodes); Nicaragua; Honduras; El Salvador; Guatemala; Belize; Mexico; and eastern USA (from Texas to Connecticut). It is regarded as introduced/naturalised in Italy, Spain, Belgium and New York, USA. In cultivation they can be seen in warm temperate and subtropical climates around the world.

Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil record from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary (age range: 99.7 to 0.781 million years ago). The genus was much more widespread in the Tertiary, but has disappeared from Europe due to extensive glaciation in the north and the east–west oriented Alps and Pyrenees, which have served as a blockade against southward migration. It has also disappeared from western North America due to climate change, and also from the unglaciated (but nowadays too cold) Russian Far East. There are several fossil species of Liquidambar, showing its relict status today.

Uses
The wood is used for furniture, interior finish, paper pulp, veneers and baskets of all kinds. The heartwood once was used in furniture, sometimes as imitation mahogany or Circassian walnut. It is used widely today in flake and strand boards. Sweetgum is a foodplant for various Lepidoptera caterpillars. The American sweetgum is widely planted as an ornamental, within its natural range and elsewhere.

The hardened sap, or gum resin, excreted from the wounds of the sweetgum, for example, the American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), can be chewed on like chewing gum and has been long used for this purpose in the Southern United States. The sap was also believed to be a cure for sciatica, weakness of nerves, etc.

In Traditional Chinese medicine, lu lu tong, or "all roads open," is the hard, spiky fruit of native sweetgum species. It first appeared in Chinese medical literature in Omissions from the Materia Medica, by Chen Cangqi, in 720 AD. Bitter in taste, aromatic, and neutral in temperature, lu lu tong is claimed to promote the movement of blood and qi, water metabolism and urination, expels wind, and unblocks the channels. It is supposedly an ingredient in formulas for epigastric distention or abdominal pain, anemia, irregular or scanty menstruation, low back or knee pain and stiffness, edema with difficult urination, or nasal congestion.

In the fall/autumn, the trees drop their hard, spiky seedpods by the hundreds, which can become a serious nuisance on pavements and lawns. Some US cities have expedited permits to remove liquidambar trees.

Gallery

References

 Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 1985, 24 (3), pp 836–844

External links

 University of Florida IFAS Extension – Liquidambar styraciflua: Sweetgum (accessed: 09 SEP 2018)

Altingiaceae
Cretaceous genus first appearances
Extant Cretaceous first appearances
Ornamental trees
Saxifragales genera

Liquidambar


Bicar (Farsça: بیجار, Kürtçe: Bîcar), İran'ın Kürdistan Eyaleti'nde şehir.

2006 resmi nüfusu 46.156 kişi olan kent, 1.911 m.'lik rakımıyla İran'ın çatısı olarak ünlenmiştir

Şehir, Safeviler'in ilk hükümdarı Şah İsmail zamanında, bir köy olarak 15. yüzyılda kayıtlara girdi. 19. yüzyılda ise bir şehir haline geldi. 1.Dünya Savaşı sırasında onu Rus, İngiliz ve Osmanlı askerleri tarafından işgal edildi. Şehre 45 km. uzaklıktaki Medler zamanına ait ve Sasani dönemine kadar kullanılmış olan bir kale İran'daki en eski kaledir. Kaçar hanedanlığı zamanında inşa edilen kentin kapalı çarşısı da görmeye değer diğer bir tarihi eserdir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Bijar Encyclopedia Iranica
 Encyclopaedia Iranica: BĪJĀR
 "Bījār carpet." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 02 Jun. 2010
 Bijar Rugs

Kaynakça

Kürdistan Eyaleti'ndeki şehirler
Kürdistan Eyaleti'ndeki şehristan merkezleri
Kürdistan Eyaleti'ndeki bahş merkezleri
Bicar şehristanındaki yerleşim birimleri

Bicar


Grande rivière de la Baleine , literalmente Gran río de la Ballena) es un río de Canadá que discurre por la región de Nunavik en la provincia de Quebec. Fluye desde el lago Saint-Luson a través del lago Bienville hacia el oeste a la bahía de Hudson. Mientras que la sección baja del río (después de Lago Bienville) tiene una corriente muy fuerte, con muchas cascadas (de hasta 15 a 20 m) y rápidas, la sección superior consiste en una serie de lagos que están interconectados por rápidas inclinadas y salientes.

El río también tiene un tributario que fluye desde el embalse de Caniapiscau. Para los aficionados del canoaje, esta es la ruta más fácil para llegar al río, pasando por el lago Montausier.

Tanto la aldea de Kuujjuarapik, cuyos habitanates son en su mayoría inuit, y la aldea cree de Whapmagoostui, están situadas en la desembocadura del río, cerca del lugar de la antigua Estación de la Grande rivière de la Baleine de la RCAF. Las aldeas eran conocidas anteriormente como "Great Whale River" y "Poste-de-la-Baleine".

La sección entre el lago Bienville y la desembocadura del río también ha sido llamada río Abchigamich, pero este nombre se dejó de utilizar en 1946 por decisión de la Comisión Geográfica de Quebec. Además, en el pasado, el nombre ha sido traducido al francés en forma errónea como "Rivière de la Grande Baleine". No fue hasta 1962 que la Comisión Geográfica de Quebec adoptó en forma oficial el nombre actual de Grande rivière de la Baleine.

Historia
La zona de la desembocadura del río fue un lugar utilizado por nativos cree e inuit para la caza de la ballena beluga mucho antes de la llegada de los europeos. Pese a que ambos grupos eran nómadas, la desembocadura del río sirvió muchas veces como zona de campamentos y como frontera no oficial entre ambos pueblos.

El nombre del río fue registrado en la bitácora de los empleados de la Compañía de la Bahía de Hudson, Thomas Mitchell y John Longland, mientras exploraban la costa de la bahía en 1744. La entrada del 25 de julio hace la primera referencia al río "Great Whail [sic]". Probablemente el nombre provenga de la palabra cree "Whapmagoostui", que significa río de la Ballena, haciendo referencia a la caza de la ballena beluga en la zona.

A principios de los años 1970, la empresal estatal de electricidad Hydro-Québec planeaba construir tres plantas hidroeléctricas en el río como parte del Proyecto de la bahía de James. Aunque los detalles específicos de este proyecto recién empezaron en 1986, la oposición de los crees, inuit, organizaciones ambientalistas como Greenpeace y Amigos de la Tierra y otros activistas llevaron al Premier de Quebec, Jacques Parizeau, a anunciar en noviembre de 1994, que el proyecto había sido suspendido de forma indefinida. Sin embargo, el proyecto puede ser reabierto en el futuro.

Lista de lagos en la sección superior
En el tramo superior el río atraviesa muchos lagos, siendo los principales:
 lago Saint-Luson
 lago Girauday
 lago Lamberville
 lago Gournay
 lago Prieur
 lago Cognac
 lago Roman
 lago Poncy
 lago Molleville
 lago Chastenay
 lago Turreau
 lago Naudin
 lago Raguideau
 lago Bourgtalon
 lago Bouvante
 lago Novereau
 lago Decoigne
 lago Jacquemont
 lago Delaroche
 lago Sanchagrin
 lago Danneville
 lago Sablons
 lago Maravat
 lago Ducasse
 lago Laurac
 lago Chastenet
 lago Magne
 lago Maurel
 lago Louet
 lago Wasatimis
 lago Bienville
 lago Paimpoint

Véase también
 Petite rivière de la Baleine - fluye en forma paralela al Grande rivière de la Baleine, aproximadamente 100 km al norte
 Cuenca vertiente de la bahía de Hudson

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 The Great Whale Project

 General description, map and images
 Hydro-Québec and the Great Whale Project. Environmental/development negotiations; stakeholder analysis.
 The Great Whale River Expedition 1988
 The Great Whale River Expedition 1991
 The Great Whale River Expedition 1997
 The Great Whale River Expedition 1997 (images)
 Mojo Men of the Great Whale

Ríos de la vertiente de la bahía de Hudson de Canadá
Gran

Grande rivière de la Baleine


විකිපීඩියාව විසින්ම  එය පිළිගෙන ඇති බැවින්."We do not expect you to trust" එබැවින්  ඉතා වැදගත් කරුණු සම්බන්දයෙන් මුලාශ්‍රයක් මෙය ලෙස ගත නොහැකිය.
 විකිපීඩියාව  විශ්ව කෝෂයක් වුවත් එහි ඇති ලිපි සියල්ලක්ම විශ්ව කෝෂයක් තිබිය යුතු  තත්වයෙන්  සියලුම ලිපි එක මට්ටමක පවත්වාගෙන යාමට නොහැකි වීම සහ විටින් විට මෙහි තොරතුරු යාවත්කාලීන වන බැවිනි.
 මෙහි ඇති බොහෝ තොරතුරු කරුණු සංවාදයට තුඩුදෙන බැවින්.
 ලිපි මකාදැමීම හුදෙක් මකාදමන්නාගේම මතය පමණක් ඇතිව ලිපියේ මුලාශ්‍ර විශ්වාසදායක නොවන බව පවසමින්  බොහෝ විට ලිපි මකාදැමීම.Wikipedia editors who are quick to delete
 ඉහල තාක්ෂණික දැනුමැති (high-level editors) අය අතරේ  පමණක් පාලන බලය පිහුටුවාගෙන සිටීම. අපේක්ෂිත අයුරෙන් සියලුම අයගේ දැනුම එක් තැන් කිරීමට ඇති අපහසුතාවය.
 දැනුම පරිත්‍යාගයට නවකයන්ට තිබෙන අපහසුතාවය  සහ ඉහත සදහන් කල ලෙස  විශේෂිත වූ කණ්ඩායමක් විසින්ම පමණක් මෙහෙයවනු ලැබීම( controlled by a stagnant pool of editors)විකිපීඩියාව අපේක්ෂිත පරිදි  විශ්ව දැනුම දායක කර එක්තැන් කර වීමට පරිපුර්ණ වශයෙන් නොහැකිවීම.
පොඋද්ගලික න්‍යාය පත්‍රයන් තුල හිදිමින්  පාලක වරුන් සහ කතෘ වරුන් ක්‍රියා කිරීම, ඉඩ නොදීම සහ මකාදැමීම.
මුලාශ්‍ර සොයාගත නොහැකි සත්‍ය වූ තොරතුරු පලකල විට එයද වාරණයට ලක් කිරීම.මුලාශ්‍ර ලබාදීම සදහා ප්‍රමාණවත් කාලයක් සපයා නොදීම [citation needed]පෞද්ගලික න්‍යාය පත්‍රයන් තුල හිදිමින් කටයුතු කරන්නා ජය ගැනීමත් ,සත්‍යවූ තොරතුරු යටපත් කිරීමත් ,නවකයින් අධ්‍යිර්ය කරවීමත්Bash Users තුලින් විශ්ව දැනුම ඒකරාශී කල නොහැකි වීම.
කතෘ වරුන් ව්‍යාජ ලෙස පෙනී සිටීම තුල  තමන්ට පිළිගැනීමක් ඇතිකරවාගැනීම සහ මේ සදහා ක්‍රමවේදයක් නොමැති වීම.(මහාචාර්යවරයෙක් ලෙසද පෙනීසිටීමට හැකිවීම )

References

Further reading
 Wikipedia Deletion policy
 Wikipedia Criteria for speedy deletion
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 Why was the Wiki page created deleted?
Administrators
 Admin abuse
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 Wiki admins are very rude and aggressive towards contributors

විකිපීඩියාව හොද මුලාශ්‍රයක් නොවන්නේ ඇයි?


Die Sterzinger Hütte ist eine Schutzhütte der Sektion Sterzing des AVS in den Pfunderer Bergen, die zu den Zillertaler Alpen gezählt werden.

Lage und Umgebung
Die Sterzinger Hütte befindet sich auf  Höhe im oberen Burgumer Tal, das in südöstliche Richtung vom Pfitscher Tal abzweigt. Sie liegt auf dem Gebiet der Gemeinde Pfitsch in Südtirol, Italien.

Am einfachsten erreichbar ist die Hütte vom nordwestlich gelegenen Burgum her, einer Ortschaft in Pfitsch. Von Süden ist ein Aufstieg vom Wipptal bei Freienfeld her möglich. Gegen Südosten gelangt man zur Wilden Kreuzspitze, Richtung Nordosten erreicht man über das Sandjöchl die Brixner Hütte im Valler Tal.

Geschichte
Eine erste Unterkunft für Wanderer und Bergsteiger im Burgumer Tal wurde 1888 vom Österreichischen Touristenklub errichtet. Infolge des Ersten Weltkriegs musste Österreich Südtirol an Italien abtreten, und 1922 wurde die Hütte durch den italienischen Staat enteignet. 1980 veranlasste die Sektion Sterzing des Alpenverein Südtirol, der die baulichen Überreste inzwischen übernommen hatte, eine umfassende Sanierung sowie eine erneute Bewirtschaftung.

Im Zuge von Vermessungen, die durch behördliche Auflagen notwendig gewordene Sanierungsmaßnahmen vorbereiten sollten, wurde in den 2000er Jahren überraschenderweise festgestellt, dass die Sterzinger Hütte sich nicht auf öffentlichem, sondern auf Privatgrund befindet. 2008 musste sie daher geschlossen werden. Erst 2015 konnte der AVS nach langwierigen Verhandlungen die Eigentümerschaft der Hütte übernehmen, die nun als Selbstversorgerhütte geführt wird.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Alpenhütte in Südtirol
Pfitsch
Erbaut in den 1880er Jahren

Sterzinger Hütte


El brillante coroniverde, diamante frentiverde, colibrí jacula, brillante frentiverde o colibrí brillante frentiverde (Heliodoxa jacula)  es una especie de ave apodiforme de la familia de los colibrís (Trochilidae), que se encuentra desde Costa Rica hasta el occidente de Ecuador.

Hábitat
Se encuentran en los bosques muy húmedos, desde la parte intermedia del sotobosque hasta lo alto del dosel, entre los 700 y 2.000 m de altitud. Realiza migraciones altitudinales.

Descripción

El macho mide 13 cm de longitud y pesa 9,5 g. El dorso y el abdomen son de color verde bronceado; la frente, la corona, el área loreal, la garganta y el pecho son de color verde brillante. Tiene una mancha blanca detrás del ojo, un parche pequeño violeta en la garganta, muslos blancos y cola de color negro azulado y bifurcada.

La hembra mide 12 cm de longitud y pesa 8 g. Presenta una mancha blanca detrás del ojo y una lista  por debajo del ojo. Tiene cola negra y levemente bifurcada, con una pequeña mancha blanca en la punta de las timoneras externas. Por debajo es blanca con abundantes manchas en el costado. Los ejemplares juveniles son más opacos y bronceados por debajo y los machos en la corona, y con un matiz extenso canela o ante en la garganta.

Su llamado es un chirrido fuerte kyew.

Alimentación
Se alimenta principalmente del néctar de las inflorescencias de enredaderas del género Marcgravia las cuales el macho a veces tiene que defender. También se alimenta de las flores de  Heliconia, Drymonia y otras flores grandes. A diferencia de otras especies de colibrí, casi siempre se posa para comer.

Reproducción
El nido es una copa voluminosa de fibras vegetales y escamas de helechos arbórescentes Montado en una rama pequeña inclinada. La hembra incuba sola dos huevos blancos de 16,5 por 11 mm.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

jacula
Aves de América Central
Aves de América del Sur

Heliodoxa jacula


Günter Wegner (* 31. März 1937 in Kleinostheim, Landkreis Aschaffenburg; † 23. November 2016 in Würzburg) war ein deutscher Prähistorischer Archäologe.

Leben
Wegner studierte Katholische Theologie an der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg von 1957 bis 1963 und war bis 1970 in der Seelsorge tätig, davon zeitweise auch als wissenschaftlicher Assistent. 1969 wurde er zum ersten Mal promoviert. 1970 erfolgte die Laisierung durch päpstlichen Dispens. Es folgte von 1970 bis 1975 das Studium der Vor- und Frühgeschichte ebenfalls an der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg mit Abschluss durch zweite Promotion bei Günther Haseloff. Von 1978 bis 1987 war Wegner als Oberkustos Leiter der prähistorischen Abteilung am Staatlichen Museum für Naturkunde und Vorgeschichte Oldenburg und hatte einen Lehrauftrag an der Universität Oldenburg. Von 1987 bis 2002 leitete er die archäologische Abteilung des Niedersächsischen Landesmuseums Hannover, hatte einen Lehrauftrag an der Universität Göttingen und war seit 1997 dort Honorarprofessor. Im Jahre 2002 trat er in den Ruhestand. Von 1987 bis 1996 war er Vorsitzender der Archäologischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und von 1987 bis 2000 Vorsitzender des Niedersächsischen Landesvereins für Urgeschichte und Herausgeber der Zeitschrift Die Kunde.

Er war mit Christine Wegner verheiratet und hatte einen Sohn. Er ist auf dem Friedhof in Berlin-Frohnau beigesetzt.

Schriften
Monographien
 Kirchenjahr und Messfeier in der Würzburger Domliturgie des späten Mittelalters (= Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte des Bistums und Hochstifts Würzburg. Bd. 22).  Schöningh in Kommission, Würzburg 1970, ISBN 3-87717-022-6 (Zugleich: Würzburg, Universität, theol. Dissertation).
 Kleinostheim. Dokumente und Beiträge zu seiner Geschichte. Hrsg. von der Gemeinde Kleinostheim anlässlich der Tausendjahrfeier. Gemeinde Kleinostheim, Kleinostheim 1975.
 Die vorgeschichtlichen Flussfunde aus dem Main und aus dem Rhein bei Mainz (= Materialhefte zur Bayerischen Vorgeschichte. Reihe A: Fundinventare und Ausgrabungsbefunde. H. 30). Lassleben, Kallmünz 1976, ISBN 3-7847-5000-1 (Zugleich: Würzburg, Universität, phil. Dissertation).
 Archäologische Bodenfunde aus dem Oldenburger Münsterland. Museumsdorf Cloppenburg, Cloppenburg 1985, ISBN 3-923675-05-4.

Aufsätze
 Flussfunde. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde. Band 9: Fidel – Friedlosigkeit. 2., völlig neu bearbeitete und stark erweiterte Auflage. de Gruyter, Berlin u. a. 1995, ISBN 3-11-014642-8, S. 263–276.
 Ur- und Frühgeschichte der Stadt Wildeshausen und ihrer Umgebung. In: Albrecht Eckhard (Hrsg.): Wildeshausen. Geschichte der Stadt Wildeshausen von den Anfängen bis zum ausgehenden 20. Jahrhundert. Isensee, Oldenburg 1999, ISBN 3-89598-631-3, S. 23–43.
 Auf vielen und zwischen manchen Stühlen. Bemerkungen zu den Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Karl Hermann Jacob-Friesen und Hans Reinerth. In: Achim Leube (Hrsg.): Prähistorie und Nationalsozialismus. Die mittel- und osteuropäische Ur- und Frühgeschichtsforschung in den Jahren 1933–1945 (= Studien zur Wissenschafts- und Universitätsgeschichte. Bd. 2). Synchron, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-935025-08-4, S. 397–417.
 75 Jahre Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Urgeschichte Norddeutschlands – Niedersächsischer Landesverein für Urgeschichte und ihre Zeitschrift "Die Kunde". Teil 1: 1932–1945. In: Die Kunde. Neue Folge, Bd. 57, 2006, S. 225–276.
 75 Jahre Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Urgeschichte Norddeutschlands – Niedersächsischer Landesverein für Urgeschichte und ihre Zeitschrift "Die Kunde". Teil 2: 1950–2001. In: Die Kunde. Neue Folge, Bd. 58, 2007, S. 107–166.

 Herausgeberschaften
 Frühe Bauernkulturen in Niedersachsen. Linienbandkeramik, Stichbandkeramik, Rössener Kultur (= Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Nordwestdeutschland. Bd. 1, ). Isensee, Oldenburg 1983 (mit Ausstellung).
 Leben – Glauben – Sterben vor 3000 Jahren. Bronzezeit in Niedersachsen. Eine niedersächsische Ausstellung zur Bronzezeit-Kampagne des Europarates (= Begleithefte zu Ausstellungen der Abteilung Urgeschichte des Niedersächsischen Landesmuseums Hannover. Bd. 7). Isensee, Oldenburg 1996, ISBN 3-89598-404-3.

Literatur
 Archäologische Forschungen in Niedersachsen 1987–2002. Festschrift für Günter Wegner (= Die Kunde. Neue Folge, Bd. 53–55). 3 Bände. Niedersächsischer Landesverein für Urgeschichte, Hannover 2002–2004.
 Schriftenverzeichnis Günter Wegner. In: Die Kunde. Neue Folge, Bd. 53, S. 2002, S. 8–12.

Einzelnachweise

Prähistoriker
Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter des Niedersächsischen Landesmuseums Hannover
Hochschullehrer (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen)
Deutscher
Geboren 1937
Gestorben 2016
Mann

Günter Wegner


Eurosport 1, 54 ülkede ulaşılabilen, 21 dilde, uydu üzerinden ve kablolu yayın yapan uluslararası bir spor kanalı. Sahibi Fransa merkezli kuruluş TF1 Group'tur. Günlük spor haberleri verir, pek çok spor olayını canlı yayınla seyircilerine aktarır. 2008 yılı içerisinde Eurosport 1 HD adı altında yüksek çözünürlük yayınlarına başlamıştır.

Eurosport 1 HD
25 Mayıs 2008'de yayın hayatına başlamıştır. Eurosport 1 kanalı ile eş zamanlı yüksek çözünürlüklü (HD) yayın yapmaktadır.

Yayın akışı
Kanalın yayın akışı içinde haftanın yedi günü Dünya'nın her yerinden değişik dallarda spor karşılaşmaları ve turnuvalar aktarılmaktadır.

Futbolda, UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi ve UEFA Kupası maçlarının özetleri, Eurogoals programı adı altında Avrupa liglerinden haftalık özetler ve Eurosport 2'de Serie B maçları futbol adına seyircilere sunulan ana yayınlardır. Her yılın yaz mevsimi başında Fransa'da düzenlenen "Toulon Gençlik Festivali" futbolun yeni yeteneklerini keşfetmek için önemli bir fırsattır. Bunun dışında FIFA bünyesinde düzenlenen 20 Yaş Altı (U-20) Dünya Şampiyonası ve UEFA tarafından düzenlenen 19 Yaş Altı (U-19) Avrupa Şampiyonası da 2007 yazında izleyicilere aktarılmaktadır.

Basketbolda, ULEB Cup'tan her hafta yapılan karşılaşmaların yanı sıra otoritelerce Dünya'nın en zorlu ikinci ligi kabul edilen İspanya Basketbol Ligi Liga ACB'den de her haftanın önemli maçları, Play-Off'lar dahil olmak üzere canlı olarak ve yayın akışının yoğunluğuna göre banttan yayınlarla genel olarak Eurosport 2'den aktarılmaktadır. EuroLeague ve ULEB Cup maçlarının özetleri her cuma Euroleague Basketball Show ve İspanya Ligi özetleri ise her salı ve pazar günleri Spanish Basketball League Magazine (İspanya Basketbol Ligi Programı) programlarından takip edilebilir. Kanal, 2007 yazında Sırbistan'ın başkenti Belgrad'ta düzenlenen 19 Yaş Altı (U-19) Dünya Şampiyonası'nı da seyircilerine sunmaktadır.

Teniste, ATP ve WTA turları kapsamında yılın tümünü kapsayan prestijli turnuvalar seyircilere aktarılırken takvimin en önemli olayları kabul edilen 4 Grand Slam'in üçünün kanaldan takip edilebilmesi mümkündür. Bunlar: Avustralya Açık (Australian Open), Fransa Açık (Roland Garros) ve Amerika Açık'tır (US Open).

Winter Park (Kış Parkı) kavramı kapsamında her Kasım ayından itibaren alp disiplini, artistik patinaj, biatlon, körling, kayaklı koşu, kuzey kombine, kızak gibi birçok kış sporu izleyicilerin beğenisine sunulur. Ayrıca hafta sonları koşulan yarışlar ve sonuçları, pazar akşamları izleyicilere sunulan Winter Park Weekend (Kış Parkı Hafta sonu) programından takip edilebilir.

Motorsporlarından izleyicilerine geniş seçenekler sunan kanalda sezon boyunca başta MotoGP, Dünya Ralli Şampiyonası, Dünya Binek Otomobiller Şampiyonası WTCC ve Dakar Rallisi olmak üzere GP2, International Formula Masters, International Open, MotoCross MX1 ve MX2 yarışları, Porsche Cup gibi birçok yarış türü izlenebilmektedir. Hafta sonu yapılan yarışlar ve sonuçları ise, pazar akşamları izleyicilere sunulan Motor Sports Weekend (Motor Sporları Hafta sonu) programından izlenebilir.

Her çarşamba akşamı Wednesday Selection konsepti bünyesinde Yatçılık, Binicilik, Golf gibi spor dallarına ait seçkin yarışmaların geniş özetleri ve son haberler yer alırken yine binicilikte en prestijli tur olarak değerlendirilen "Equestrianism Global Champions Tour" takviminde yer alan tüm yarışlarıyla Arezzo, Atina, Monako gibi Avrupa'nın seçkin binicilik merkezlerinden canlı olarak izleyicilere aktarılmaktadır. Inside Alinghi ve Yacht Club programlarında ise yatçılık dünyasından gelişmelere yer verilir.

Kanalda her salı akşamı canlı ve cuma ile hafta sonları ise genel olarak battan olmak üzere Avrupa ve Amerika'dan Boks karşılaşmaları nakledilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, dövüş sanatları da yayın akışı içinde yer bulmaktadır. Kick Boks'ta Avrupa'dan "It's Showtime Trophy", "Slam Event" ve "Klash Event" gibi turnuvaların yanında ve K-1 organizasyonunun Grand Prix'leri Fight Club (Dövüş Kulübü) programından aktarılmaktadır. Karate, Judo, Tekvando gibi olimpik disiplinlere ait Dünya ve Avrupa şampiyonaları da çoğu faal sporcu ya da antrenör olan canlı yayın konuklarıyla izleyicilere sunulmaktadır. 2007 yılında İstanbul'da yer alacak olan Karate Dünya Şampiyonası Kasım ayında kanaldan izlenebilir.

Snooker ve Bilardoda birçok albenili turnuva, en üst düzey sporcuların maçları eşliğinde seyircilere aktarılır. Ayrıca Hall of Frame adlı programda popüler ya da tarihi başarılara imza atmış sporcuların hayatlarına dair bilgiler sunulurken, dönüm noktası maçlar da programın içeriğine dahil edilmektedir.

Eurosport IAAF tarafından organize edilen World Athletics Tour kapsamında Grand Prix ve Super Grand Prix yayını dışında sezon sonunda yapılan Dünya Atletizm Finalini yayınlar. Ayrıca Dünya ve Avrupa Atletizm Şampiyonaları yayınları da yine Eurosport yayın akışı dahilindedir.

Kürek sporunun gelişmesine paralel olarak Kürek Dünya Kupası, Dünya ve Avrupa şampiyonası gibi büyük organizasyonlar da Eurosport'tan takip edilebilir. Kürek dünyasının en önemli kapışması sayılan Oxford -Cambridge regattası da sporseverlerin Eurosport aracılığıyla ulaşabileceği bir diğer büyük etkinliktir.

Ayrıca o hafta içinde WWE'de neler olduğunu özetle anlatan 30 dk'lık 'This Week on WWE' ve profesyonel güreş tarihinden eski ama güzel maçları bizlere sunan 1 saatlik 'Vintage Collection' programları da yayın yapmaktadır.

Haber kuşağı
Eurosport 2'nin izleyicilere sunduğu en önemli hizmet 7/24 durmaksızın ve sürekli yenilenen haber kuşağıdır. Tüm spor dallarıyla ilişkili son gelişmeler gün içinde yaklaşık 15 sefer izleyiciye ulaştırılan haber bültenleriyle takip edilebilir.

Basın filmi
 Eurosport Asya'da başlatıldı
 Eurosport Hong Kong'da başlatıldı

Dış bağlantılar
 Türkçe Resmi site
 Eurosport TV Listings and Schedules (Birleşik Krallık)
 Eurosport 2 TV Listings and Schedules

Fransa'daki spor kanalları
Fransa televizyon kanalları
Digiturk
HD yayın yapan kanallar

Eurosport 1


Biserica Romano-Catolică din Giurgiu, cu hramul Vizita Fecioarei Maria, este un monument istoric și de arhitectură situat în strada Hristo Botev nr. 12.

Istoria
Biserica Romano-Catolică din Giurgiu a fost construită între anii 1930-1933 cu sprijinul comunităților belgiene, italiene, franceze, germane, maghiare și austriece care au ajuns ca să lucreze în portul Giurgiului.

Inițial în anul 1875 arhiepiscopul Paolo Giuseppe Palma a înființat la Giurgiu parohia romano-catolică și l-a trimis ca paroh pe pr. Josif Miranda. S-a luat o casă cu chirie în care s-a instalat o capelă și locuința preotului. Tot în această casă era o școală. Dar parohia nu era bine închegată și de asemenea a izbucnit Războiul Ruso-Turc din 1877. Orașul a suferit mari pagube și mulți locuitori s-au refugiat în alte părți, inclusiv parohul. Credincioșii care au rămas erau deserviți în caz de nevoie și la zile de sărbătoare de un preot venit sau din Rusciuc, sau din București.

În anul 1880 doi membri din comitetul parohial au cumpărat un teren pe Strada Școalei (terenul de azi), unde se va construi în anul 1886 o clădire pentru capelă, școală și casa parohială. Totodată, se obține de la Ministerul Cultelor permisiunea ca în Giurgiu să se facă biserica catolică. Credincioșii împreună cu parohul pr. Anton Hrusa aleg un comitet de construcție, care strânge fondurile necesare pentru clădirea proiectată. Se zidește o casă cu o sală mare (9 m x 5 m) pentru capelă cu o mică sacristie, pentru școală și alte două odăi cu dependințe pentru locuința preotului. Capela are hramul în cinstea Sfintei Marie Imaculată. Parohia avea grija spirituală și pastorală a credincioșilor catolici din oraș și din satul Petroșani de pe lângă Dunăre, Zimnicea, Oltenița, Călărași și Alexandria. Apoi s-au adăugat mai multe încăperi la această clădire. În anul 1905  a construit o școală catolică maghiară, care este casa parohială actuală.

Biserica actuală a început să se construiască în anul 1930, după ce a fost demolată clădirea cu capela și casa parohială inițială. La 11 mai 1933 arhiepiscopul Alexandru Theodor Cisar a sfințit noul lăcaș de cult. Stilul construcției este neoromanic. Biserica are 3 corpuri: un atriu, o navă centrală cu un turn pătrat și un prezbiteriu pentagonal. Altarul și retablul sunt din lemn.

Hramul parohiei este celebrat în ziua de 31 mai, sărbătoarea Vizitei Sfintei Fecioare Maria la Elizabeta.

Printre alți preoți a slujit la Biserica Romano-Catolică din Giurgiu Fer. Anton Durcovici. La ora actuală parohul este pr. Marius Antăluțe.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ștefan Lupu (coord.), Emanuel Cosmovici, Alois Moraru, Dănuț Doboș, Fabian Doboș, Cornel Cadar, Isidor Iacovici: Episcopul martir Anton Durcovici, de la leăgan până la mormânt", Sapientia, Iași, 2014. ISBN 978-606-578-147-4
 Hering, Julius: Parohia Giurgiu, în Pro memoria: Revistă de istorie ecleziastică, Editura Arhiepiscopiei Romano-Catolice, București, nr. 8 (2009). ISSN 1583-1213.

Legături externe
 Lăcașuri de cult din România
 Biserici din România

Galerie

Monumente istorice din județul Giurgiu
Biserici romano-catolice din România
Biserici din Giurgiu

Biserica romano-catolică din Giurgiu


Salda sığırkuyruğu (Verbascum pyroliforme subsp. dudleyanum), sıraca otugiller (Scrophulariaceae) familyasına ait çok yıllık otsu bir sığırkuyruğu alt türü.

Haziran ayında çiçeklenir ve 30–80 cm boya ulaşabilir. Dip yaprakların parlak yeşil, çiçeklerin 30-100 kadar ve çiçek sapının tüysüz olmasıyla diğer bir alt tür subsp. pyroliforme'den ayrılır. Deniz seviyesinden 1170 metre yükseklikteki göl ve dere kenarlarındaki ıslak yerlerde yaşar. Burdur, Salda gölü kıyısında olmak üzere, Türkiye'ye özgü bir bitki türüdür.

Kaynakça
  Zeki Aytaç (2008), Revision of the Genus Verbascum in Turkey

pyroliforme subsp. dudleyanum
Türkiye'deki endemik bitkiler
Tuzcul bitkiler
Nesli kritik tehlikedeki bitkiler

Salda sığırkuyruğu


HMAS Waller (SSG 75) is the third of six Collins-class submarines operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

Named for Captain Hector Waller, the boat was laid down in 1992, and launched in 1997. Despite the RAN initially refusing to accept the submarine for service, Waller has demonstrated the capabilities of the Collins class against surface and submarine targets during several international war-games.

Construction
Waller was laid down by Australian Submarine Corporation (ASC) on 19 March 1992, launched on 14 March 1997, and commissioned into the RAN on 10 July 1999. During sea trials, the number of problems and defects with Waller were significantly fewer that with the previous two submarines, indicating that problems with earlier submarines were being fixed in the latter boats during construction.

Despite this, the RAN initially refused to accept Waller into service until all defects in the submarine were repaired, unlike Collins and Farncomb, which had been provisionally accepted while defects were fixed. Although ASC believed that all problems with Waller had been rectified, the Defence Acquisition Organisation refused to accept the boat. In response, ASC began to charge the Australian Government A$100,000 a day over contract for the delays. Despite legal opinion being that ASC did not have the right to make that claim, the Government eventually paid half of what was claimed.

Waller was named for Captain Hector Waller, who commanded the five-ship 'Scrap Iron Flotilla' from 1940 to 1941, then commanded the cruiser  until his death and the ship's loss on 1 March 1942 during the Battle of Sunda Strait.

Characteristics

The Collins class is an enlarged version of the Kockums Västergötland class submarine. At  in length, with a beam of  and a waterline depth of , displacing 3,051 tonnes when surfaced, and 3,353 tonnes when submerged, they are the largest conventionally powered submarines in the world. The hull is constructed from high-tensile micro-alloy steel, and are covered in a skin of anechoic tiles to minimise detection by sonar. The depth that they can dive to is classified: most sources claim that it is over ,

The submarine is armed with six  torpedo tubes, and carry a standard payload of 22 torpedoes: originally a mix of Gould Mark 48 Mod 4 torpedoes and UGM-84C Sub-Harpoon, with the Mark 48s later upgraded to the Mod 7 Common Broadband Advanced Sonar System (CBASS) version.

Each submarine is equipped with three Garden Island-Hedemora HV V18b/15Ub (VB210) 18-cylinder diesel engines, which are each connected to a 1,400 kW, 440-volt DC Jeumont-Schneider generator. The electricity generated is stored in batteries, then supplied to a single Jeumont-Schneider DC motor, which provides 7,200 shaft horsepower to a single, seven-bladed,  diameter skewback propeller. The Collins class has a speed of  when surfaced and at snorkel depth, and can reach  underwater. The submarines have a range of  at  when surfaced,  at  at snorkel depth. When submerged completely, a Collins-class submarine can travel  at maximum speed, or  at . Each boat has an endurance of 70 days.

Operational history

In 1999, Waller reportedly operated in the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) together with a second Collins-class boat providing escorts for transport ships and monitoring Indonesian communications. Waller had overtly docked in Darwin during the international naval buildup in September shortly before the Force sailed to East Timor. On 21 October, Navy clearance divers infiltrated into the Oecussi Enclave to conduct a covert beach reconnaissance and survey of an amphibious landing site for an amphibious landing by HMAS Brunei the following day reportedly inserting from a submarine believed to be Waller.

In late May 2000, Waller became the first Australian submarine to operate as a fully integrated component of a United States Navy carrier battle group during wargames. Waller's role was to search for and engage opposing submarines hunting the aircraft carrier , a role in which she performed better than expected. A few days later, as part of the RIMPAC 2000 exercise, Waller was assigned to act as an 'enemy' submarine, and was reported to have successfully engaged two USN nuclear submarines before coming into attacking range of Abraham Lincoln. Waller performed similarly during the Operation Tandem Thrust wargames in 2001, when she 'sank' two USN amphibious assault ships in waters just over  deep; although the submarine was 'destroyed' herself later in the exercise.

During a multinational exercise in September 2003, which was attended by Waller and sister boat Rankin, Waller successfully "sank" a Los Angeles-class nuclear submarine, prompting claims from the USN that diesel submarines like the Collins class are one of the major threats facing modern navies.

In 2006, the Mark 48 torpedoes carried by the Collins class were upgraded to the Mod 7 Common Broadband Advanced Sonar System (CBASS) version, which had been jointly developed with the United States Navy. Waller was the first vessel of either navy to fire an armed version of the torpedo, sinking the decommissioned Spruance-class destroyer  on 16 July 2008, during RIMPAC 08.

In early 2009, battery problems aboard Waller forced the submarine to undergo emergency maintenance. This, combined with other factors affecting Waller's sister boats, left  as the only operational submarine in Australian service as of mid-2009. The boat was returned to service during the end of the year, but maintenance delays and malfunctions aboard other submarines during early 2010, meant that Waller was the only fully operational submarine during February and March 2010.

Waller was undergoing deep maintenance during 2012, and was due to return to service in 2013.

On 27 February 2014, a fire broke out aboard the submarine while she was surfaced off the Western Australian coast. The fire was extinguished by those aboard, and there were no injuries, although four personnel who fought the fire directly were taken ashore for medical observation. Waller was docked for repairs, which were due to be completed by the end of 2015, with the submarine returning to full operational status in mid-2016.

Waller was damaged by two fires in an  auxiliary machine space on 8 April 2021. At the time the submarine was alongside at HMAS Stirling. Repairs were completed in September 2021.

In 2023 it was revealed that Vice-Admiral Michael Noonan smuggled a civilian on board, his girlfriend. He later proposed to her.

Citations

References
Books

Journal and news articles

Websites and other media

External links

Royal Australian Navy webpage for HMAS Waller
Heavyweight Torpedo Test

Collins-class submarines
Ships built in South Australia
1997 ships
Submarines of Australia
Military Units in Western Australia

HMAS Waller


An Sinobambusa farinosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Mcclure, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Tai Hui Wen. An Sinobambusa farinosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sinobambusa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Sinobambusa

Sinobambusa farinosa


වැල් පෙනෙල කාඩියොස්පෙරුම් හැලිකකාබම් (Cardiospermum halicacabum) යන විද්‍යාත්මක නමින් හඳුන්වයි.

ගැලරිය

වැල් පෙනෙල