The Boston Brahmins or Boston elite are members of Boston's traditional upper class. They are often associated with a cultivated New England or Mid-Atlantic dialect and accent, Harvard University, Anglicanism, and traditional British American customs and clothing. Descendants of the earliest English colonists are typically considered to be the most representative of the Boston Brahmins. They are considered White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs).

Etymology
The phrase "Brahmin Caste of New England" was first coined by Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., a physician and writer, in an 1860 article in The Atlantic Monthly. The term Brahmin refers to the priestly caste within the four castes in the Hindu caste system. By extension, it was applied in the United States to the old wealthy New England families of British Protestant origin that became influential in the development of American institutions and culture. The influence of the old American gentry has been reduced in modern times, but some vestiges remain, primarily in the institutions and the ideals that they championed in their heyday.

Characteristics

The nature of the Brahmins is referenced in the doggerel "Boston Toast" by Holy Cross alumnus John Collins Bossidy:

Many 19th-century Brahmin families of large fortune were of common origin; fewer were of an aristocratic origin. The new families were often the first to seek, in typically British fashion, suitable marriage alliances with those old aristocratic New England families that were descended from landowners in England to elevate and cement their social standing. The Winthrops, Dudleys, Saltonstalls, Winslows, and Lymans (descended from English magistrates, gentry, and aristocracy) were, by and large, happy with this arrangement. All of Boston's "Brahmin elite", therefore, maintained the received culture of the old English gentry, including cultivating the personal excellence that they imagined maintained the distinction between gentlemen and freemen, and between ladies and women. They saw it as their duty to maintain what they defined as high standards of excellence, duty, and restraint. Cultivated, urbane, and dignified, a Boston Brahmin was supposed to be the very essence of enlightened aristocracy. The ideal Brahmin was not only wealthy, but displayed what was considered suitable personal virtues and character traits.

The Brahmin was expected to maintain the customary English reserve in his dress, manner, and deportment, cultivate the arts, support charities such as hospitals and colleges, and assume the role of community leader. Although the ideal called on him to transcend commonplace business values, in practice many found the thrill of economic success quite attractive. The Brahmins warned each other against avarice and insisted upon personal responsibility. Scandal and divorce were unacceptable. This culture was buttressed by the strong extended family ties present in Boston society. Young men attended the same prep schools, colleges, and private clubs, and heirs married heiresses. Family not only served as an economic asset, but also as a means of moral restraint.

Most belonged to the Unitarian or Episcopal churches, although some were Congregationalists or Methodists. Politically, they were successively Federalists, Whigs, and Republicans. They were marked by their manners and once distinctive elocution. Their distinctive Anglo-American manner of dress has been much imitated and is the foundation of the style now informally known as preppy. Many of the Brahmin families trace their ancestry back to the original 17th- and 18th-century colonial ruling class consisting of Massachusetts governors and magistrates, Harvard presidents, distinguished clergy, and fellows of the Royal Society of London (a leading scientific body), while others entered New England aristocratic society during the 19th century with their profits from commerce and trade, often marrying into established Brahmin families.

List of families

Adams
Adams Family
 Samuel Adams (1722–1803), Founding Father; second cousin of:
 John Adams (1735–1826), Founding Father and second President of the United States; husband of Abigail Smith Adams (1744–1818)
 John Quincy Adams (1767–1848), sixth President of the United States
 Charles Francis Adams Sr. (1807–1886), Ambassador, U.S. congressman
 Charles Francis Adams Jr. (1835–1915), Civil War general
 John Quincy Adams II (1833–1894), lawyer, politician
 Charles Francis Adams III (1866–1954), U.S. Secretary of the Navy
 Charles Francis Adams IV (1910–1999), industrialist, first president of Raytheon
 Timothy Adams, son of Charles Francis Adams IV
 Henry Brooks Adams (1838–1918), author
 Brooks Adams (1848–1927), historian
 Ivers Whitney Adams (1838–1914), founder of the oldest continuously playing professional baseball team, the Boston Red Stockings

Amory

Amory Family
 John Amory Lowell (1798–1881), merchant.
 Thomas Coffin Amory (1812–1889), lawyer, author.
 Thomas Jonathan Coffin Amory (1828–1864), Civil War general.
 Ernest Amory Codman (1869–1940), surgeon.
 Cleveland Amory (1917–1998), author.

Appleton
Appleton Family

Patrilineal line:
 Daniel Appleton (1785–1849), publisher.
 Frances Appleton (died 1861), wife of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
 George Swett Appleton (1821–1878), publisher.
 Jane Means Appleton Pierce (1806–1863), wife of U.S. President Franklin Pierce, was First Lady of the United States from 1853 to 1857.
 Jesse Appleton (1772–1819), second president of Bowdoin College
 John Appleton (1816–1864), assistant Secretary of State, diplomat, U.S. congressman.
 John Appleton (judge) (1804-1891), Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court.
 John F. Appleton (1838–1870), lawyer and Union colonel in the American Civil War.
 John James Appleton (1789–1864), ambassador.
 Nathan Appleton (1771–1861), U.S. congressman and merchant.
 Nathaniel Appleton (1693–1784), Congregational minister.
 Samuel Appleton (1625–1696), military and government leader in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Province of Massachusetts Bay.
 Samuel Appleton (1766–1853), merchant and philanthropist.
 Thomas Gold Appleton (1812–1884), writer and art patron.
 William Appleton (1786–1862), U.S. congressman.
 William Henry Appleton (1814–1899), publisher.
 William Sumner Appleton (1874–1947), philanthropist.

Other notable relatives:
 Thomas Storrow Brown (1803–1888), journalist, writer, orator, and revolutionary in Lower Canada (present-day Quebec)
 Edward Augustus Holyoke (1728–1829), educator and physician
 Alice Mary Longfellow (1850–1928), philanthropist and preservationist
 Ernest Wadsworth Longfellow (1845–1921), artist
 Alpheus Spring Packard (1839–1905), entomologist and paleontologist
 William Alfred Packard (1830–1909), classical scholar
 Charles Storrow Williams (1827–1890), railroad executive
 Edward H. Williams (1824–1899), physician and railroad executive

Bacon
Bacon Family

 Robert Bacon (1860–1919), U.S. Secretary of State; father of
 Robert L. Bacon (1884–1938), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York
 Gaspar G. Bacon (1886–1947), politician; father of
 Gaspar G. Bacon Jr. (1914–1943), actor

Bates
Bates family

Originally from Boston and Britain:
 Benjamin Bates I (–1710), merchant banker, family patriarch
 Benjamin Bates II (1716 – ), member of the Hell Fire Club
 Frederick Bates (1777–1825), politician
 James Woodson Bates (1788–1846), judge
 Joshua Bates (financier), Barings Bank partner, managed many Brahmin family fortunes, advised Adams family on Court protocol
 Edward Bates (1793–1869), U.S. Attorney General
 Benjamin Bates IV (1808–1878), philanthropist, namesake and benefactor of Bates College

Boylston
Boylston Family

 Thomas Boylston (1644–1695), doctor, family patriarch
 Zabdiel Boylston (1679–1766), physician
 Ward Nicholas Boylston (1747–1828), benefactor, Harvard University

Bradlee
Bradlee Family

Direct line:

 Nathan Bradley I, earliest known member born in America, in Dorchester, Boston, Massachusetts, in 1631
 Samuel Bradlee, constable of Dorchester, Massachusetts
 Nathaniel Bradlee, Boston Tea Party participant, member of Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association
 Josiah Bradlee I, Boston Tea Party participant; m. Hannah Putnam
 Josiah Bradlee III (Harvard), m. Alice Crowninshield
 Frederick Josiah Bradlee I (Harvard), Director of the Boston Bank
 Frederick Josiah Bradlee Jr. (Harvard, 1915), on the first All-American football team at Harvard; m. Josephine de Gersdorff
 Frederick Josiah Bradlee III, Broadway actor, author
 Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee (1921–2014) (Harvard, 1942), Chief Executive Editor of The Washington Post
 Ben Bradlee Jr. (born 1948), journalist and writer
 Joseph Putnam Bradlee (1783–1838), Commander of the New England Guards, chairman of the State Central Committee, Director and then President of the Boston City Council
 Samuel Bradlee Jr., lieutenant colonel during the American Revolutionary War
 Thomas Bradlee, Boston Tea Party participant; member of Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics Association; Member of the St. Andrews Lodge of Freemasons
 David Bradlee, Boston Tea Party participant; Captain in the Continental Army, member of the St. Andrews Lodge of Freemasons
 Sarah Bradlee, "Mother of the Boston Tea Party"

Brinley
Brinley Family of Boston, Newport, and Shelter Island, NY

 Francis Brinley, Esq. (1632–1719), arrived from England in 1651 after the English Civil War, with his two sisters, children of Thomas Brinley, auditor to King Charles I&II, his original home became Newport's White Horse Tavern, Judge, book collector, landowner (RI, MA, NJ), Governor's assistant, m: Hannah Carr (niece of RI Gov. Caleb Carr). Boston estate at Hanover and Elm, current site of Government Center.
 William Brinley, Esq. (1656–1704), first son of Francis, Judge in Newport, co-founder of Trinity Church, Newport, first Anglican church in RI, disinherited by father after marriage
 William Brinley, Esq. (1677–1753), only child of Wm. Brinley, Judge in Monmouth, NJ, passed over for younger cousin Francis Brinley
 John Brinley (1713–1775), Brinley grist mill owner in Oakhurst, NJ
 William Brinley (1754–1840), Major in Revolutionary War
 Sylvester C. Brinley (1816–1905), founded Brinley, Ohio (a.k.a. Brinley Station) in 1855.
 Thomas Brinley (1661–1693), second son of Francis, Boston/London merchant, co-founder of King's Chapel, Boston, first Anglican church in colonial New England.
 Eliakim Hutchinson (1711–1775), Judge, Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas for Suffolk County, and one of Boston's richest men, owner of Shirley Place (now Shirley-Eustis House) m:Elizabeth Shirley (daughter of MA Gov William Shirley)
 Colonel Francis Brinley (1690–1765): Colonel in Ancient & Honorable Artillery Company, merchant, landowner (Datchet House/Brinley Place-Roxbury, Brinley Place-Framingham), one of the richest Bostonians of the 18th century, grandfather's heir, m: Deborah Lyde, granddaughter of Judge Nathaniel Byfield
 Francis Brinley Fogg Sr. Esq. (1795–1880), m. Mary Middleton Rutledge of Middleton Place, TN state senator, started Nashville public schools, school board president, namesake Fogg School opened in 1875, a founder of Sewanee University of the South. and Christ Church Cathedral Nashville
 Catherine Grace Frances Moody Nevinson Gore (1798–1861), English writer
 Francis William Brinley (1796–1859), merchant, mayor of Perth Amboy, NJ, Surveyor of NJ state.
 Francis Brinley Jr., Esq. (1800–1880), Harvard 1818-Porcellian Club, President of Boston Common Council, MA state legislator (House and Senate), clerk to Secretary of State, Daniel Webster, delegate to state constitutional convention, commander of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company.
 Edward Brinley (1809–1868), Importer for Edward Brinley & Co., Old Faneuil Hall, Boston
 George Brinley (1817–1875), noted book collector, pioneer of the Americanist movement
 Emily Malbone Morgan (1862–1939), founder of the Colonel Daniel Putnam Association and the Society of the Companions of the Holy Cross
 Godfrey Malbone Brinley (1864–1939), top 10 US tennis pro, later master at St. Paul's school
 Edward Brinley Faneuil Adams (1871–1922), Harvard 1892/Law 1897, Harvard Law librarian
 Daniel Putnam Brinley (1873–1963), artist (painter, muralist, impressionist)
 Charles Henry Brinley Esq (1825–1907), Judge in AZ, involved in early CA/AZ politics, int'l merchant, appointed Vice Consul to Mexico by Pres Theo. Roosevelt
 Charles Brinley (1880–1946), silent actor
 Emily Borie Ryerson (1863–1939), Titanic survivor, suffragette, philanthropist
 Anne Brinley Coddington (1628–1708), third wife of Governor William Coddington, who arrived with the Winthrop fleet in 1630 and became an early MA magistrate, the first Governor of Rhode Island/founder of Portsmouth and Newport, RI, and mother and grandmother of subsequent Governors.
 William Coddington Jr.(1651–1689), colonial Governor of Rhode Island
 Mary Coddington (1654–1693), wife of Gov. Peleg Sanford of RI
 William Coddington III (1680–1755), colonial Governor of Rhode Island, merchant, judge, m: Content Arnold
 Margaret Sanford Hutchinson (1716–1754), wife of Thomas Hutchinson (governor), last loyalist Gov. of MA
 Lucretia Rudolph Garfield (1832–1918), First Lady, wife of 20th U.S. President James A. Garfield
 Ted Danson (born 1947), actor, activist
 Grisell Brinley Sylvester (1635–1687), wife of Nathaniel Sylvester, together they became the first white settlers and owners of all of Shelter Island, NY. She is credited with bringing boxwoods to the colonies.
 Brinley Sylvester (1690–1752), built Sylvester Manor on Shelter Island, which was made a non-profit educational farm by the 11th generation heir.
 Charles Ward Apthorp Jr. (1729–1797), owner of Manhattan's Apthorp Farm, merchant, NY Governor's Council 1763-83
 Sarah Wentworth Apthorp Morton (1759–1846), poet, wife of Perez Morton, MA Speaker and AG.
 Charles Bulfinch (1763–1844), Harvard 1781/4, architect in Boston and of the US Capitol building
 Sen. James Lloyd (1769–1831), Harvard 1787/90, US Senator from MA, merchant, businessman
 Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945), Harvard 1904, 32nd and longest serving President of the United States
 Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee (1921–2014), Harvard 1942, Executive Editor of The Washington Post

Buckingham
Buckingham Family

Originally from Boston and Britain:
 William Alfred Buckingham (1804–1875), Governor of Connecticut, U.S. senator.
 Edgar Buckingham, Harvard scholar creator of the Buckingham π theorem, a key theorem in dimensional analysis.

Cabot

Chaffee/Chafee
Chaffee Family

Originally of Hingham, Massachusetts:
 Thomas Chaffee (1610–1683), businessman and landowner
 Jonathon Chaffee (1678–1766), businessman and landowner
 Matthew Chaffee (1657–1723), Boston landowner
 Adna Romanza Chaffee (1842–1914), U.S. general
 Adna R. Chaffee Jr. (1884–1941), U.S. general
 Zechariah Chafee (1885–1957), philosopher, civil libertarian
 John Chafee (1922–1999), U.S. senator
 Lincoln Chafee (born 1953), former U.S. senator, former Rhode Island governor, 2016 U.S. presidential candidate for the Democratic party

Choate

Choate Family
 Rufus Choate (1799–1859), U.S. senator
 George C. S. Choate (1827–1896), founder of Choate Sanitarium, Pleasantville, New York
 Joseph Hodges Choate (1832–1917), lawyer, diplomat
 William Gardner Choate (1830–1920), U.S. federal judge, founder of Choate Rosemary Hall
 Sarah Choate Sears (1858–1935), art patron
 Robert B. Choate Jr. (1924–2009), businessman
 Elizabeth Choate Spykman (1896–1965), writer
 Nathaniel Choate (1899–1965), artist, sculptor

Coffin
Coffin Family

Originally of Newbury and Nantucket:
 Tristram Coffin (1604–1681), colonist, original owner of Nantucket
 William Coffin (1699–1775), merchant, co-founder of Trinity Church
 Sir Isaac Coffin (1759–1839), naval officer
 Charles E. Coffin (1841–1912), industrialist, U.S. congressman
 Charles A. Coffin (1844–1926), industrialist, co-founder of General Electric
 Henry Coffin Nevins (1843–1892), industrialist
 John Coffin Jones Sr. (1750–1820), Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
 John Coffin Jones Jr. (1796–1861), U.S. Minister to Hawaii
 Thomas Coffin Amory (1812–1889), lawyer, author
 Thomas Jonathan Coffin Amory (1828–1864), Civil War general
 David Coffin (active 1980–present), folk musician

Coolidge

 John Calvin Coolidge Sr. (1845–1926), politician and businessman
 Calvin Coolidge (1872–1933), 30th President of the United States
 John Coolidge (1906–2000), businessman and railroad executive
 T. Jefferson Coolidge (1831–1920), Financier, industrialist, and civic leader
 Archibald Cary Coolidge (1866–1928), educator
 John Gardner Coolidge (1863–1936), U.S. ambassador
 Charles A. Coolidge (1844–1926), U.S. Army general

Cooper

 John Cooper (1609–1669), colonist
 Samuel Cooper (1725–1783), clergyman
 Samuel D. Cooper Jr. (1750–1824), revolutionary
 Samuel D. Cooper III (1778–1853), trade merchant
 Priscilla Cooper Tyler (1816–1889), First Lady of the United States
 Theodore Cooper (1839–1919), civil engineer
 Frederic Taber Cooper (1864–1937), writer

Crowninshield

Crowninshield Family
 Johann Casper Richter von Kronenscheldt, colonist
 Jacob Crowninshield (1770–1808), U.S. congressman
 Arent S. Crowninshield (1843–1908), U.S. Navy admiral
 Caspar Crowninshield (1837–1897), Union Army colonel
 Benjamin William Crowninshield (1837–1892), Union Army colonel
 Frederic Crowninshield (1845–1918), first president of the National Society of Mural Painters
 Benjamin Williams Crowninshield (1772–1851), 5th U.S. Secretary of Navy
 Frank Crowninshield (1872–1947), creator and editor of Vanity Fair
 Bowdin Bradlee Crowninshield (1867–1948), American naval architect

Descendants by marriage:
 William Crowninshield Endicott (1826–1900), 5th U.S. Secretary of War
 Frederick Josiah Bradlee Jr. (1892–1970), on the first All-American football team (from Harvard)
 Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee Sr. (1921–2014), Editor-in-chief of The Washington Post
 Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee Jr. (born 1948), Editor for The Boston Globe
 Josiah Quinn Crowninshield Bradlee (born 1982), founder and CEO of FriendsOfQuinn.com

Cushing
Cushing Family

Originally of Hingham, Massachusetts:
 Caleb Cushing (1800–1879), U.S. congressman and Attorney General
 John Perkins Cushing (1787–1862), China trade merchant, investor
 Thomas Cushing (1725–1788), statesman, revolutionary
 William Cushing (1732–1810), U.S. Supreme Court justice
 Harvey Cushing (1869–1939), neurosurgeon

Descendant by marriage:
 Albert Cushing Read (1887–1967), naval officer

Dana

Dana Family
 Richard Dana (1699–1772), colonial Boston politician.
 Francis Dana (1743–1811), revolutionary.
 Richard Henry Dana Sr. (1787–1879), lawyer, author.
 Richard Henry Dana Jr. (1815–1882), lawyer, author (Two Years Before the Mast).

Delano

Delano Family
 Columbus Delano (1809–1896), U.S. Secretary of the Interior
 Jane Delano (1862–1919), founder of the American Red Cross Nursing Service
 Paul Delano (1745–1842), naval officer
 Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945), President of the United States
 Frederic A. Delano (1863–1953), civic reformer and railroad president

Dudley

Dudley Family
 Gov. Thomas Dudley (1576–1653), Governor of Massachusetts, a founder of Harvard College.
 Mercy Dudley; m. John Woodbridge (1613-1695)
 Martha Woodbridge; m. Samuel Ruggles (1659-1716)
 Rev. Timothy Ruggles (1695-1768); m. Mary White
 Timothy Ruggles
 Nathaniel Ruggles (1725 - ); m. Deliverance Barrow
 Anne Dudley Bradstreet (1612–1672), first American poet, wife of Royal Governor Simon Bradstreet.
 Joseph Dudley (1647–1720), Royal Governor of Massachusetts, President of the Dominion of New England, Chief Justice of New York, Member of Parliament, Lt. Governor of the Isle of Wight.
 Paul Dudley (1675–1751), Chief Justice of Massachusetts, member of the Royal Society, founder of the Dudleian lectures at Harvard.
 Paul Dudley Sargent (1745–1828), Army colonel and Revolutionary War hero.
 Dudley Saltonstall (1738–1796), Naval commodore during the Revolution and successful privateer.

Dwight

Dwight Family
 Timothy Dwight IV (1752–1817), president of Yale University.
 Joseph Dwight (1703–1765), lawyer, French and Indian War veteran.
 James Dwight Dana (1813–1895), geologist.

Eliot

Eliot Family
 Samuel Eliot (banker) (1739–1820).
 Samuel Atkins Eliot (politician) (1798–1862).
 Charles William Eliot (1834–1926), president of Harvard University.
 Charles Eliot (1859–1897), landscape architect.
 Samuel A. Eliot II (1862–1950), president of the American Unitarian Association.
 Samuel Eliot Morison (1887–1976), maritime author.
 Theodore Lyman Eliot (1928–2019), diplomat.
 Charles Eliot Norton (1827–1908), author.
 T. S. Eliot (1888–1965), Nobel Prize-winning poet, playwright, and literary critic.

Emerson

Emerson Family
 Rev. William Emerson (1769–1811), clergyman; m. Ruth Haskins Emerson.
 Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882), poet; m. Lydia Jackson Emerson.
 Edward Waldo Emerson, (1844–1930).
 Raymond Emerson, (1886–1977).

Endicott
Endicott Family

Salem:
 William Crowninshield Endicott (1826–1900), U.S. Secretary of War.

Dedham:
 Augustus Bradford Endicott (1818–1910), politician.
 Philip Endicott Young (1885–1955), industrialist.
 Henry Bradford Endicott (1853–1920), industrialist.
 Henry Wendell Endicott (1880–1954), philanthropist.

Everett
Everett Family

 Richard Everett (1597–1682), early colonist and native of Holbrook, England. He was a founder of Springfield, Massachusetts, and progenitor of the American Everett family.
 Deac. John Everett (1676–1751), early deacon at the First Church and Parish in Dedham and member of the Massachusetts General Court.
 John Everett (1736–1799), numerous times elected as selectman for Norfolk County, Massachusetts (1770s–1790s) and member of the Massachusetts General Court (1780s–1790s).
 David Everett (1745–1775), revolutionary and killed defending Bunker Hill.
 Moses Everett (1750–1813), judge for Norfolk County, Massachusetts and member of the Massachusetts General Court.
 Rev. Oliver Everett (1752–1802), prominent Congregational minister and judge for Norfolk County, Massachusetts.
 Melatiah Everett (1777–1858), member of the Massachusetts Senate (1812, 1841).
 Horace Everett (1779–1851), member of the Vermont House of Representatives (1819–1820, 1822, 1824, 1834) and the United States House of Representatives from Vermont's 3rd congressional district (1829–1843).
 Ebenezer Everett (1788–1869), long-time Maine state official, trustee of Bowdoin College, member of the Maine Legislature (1840s).
 Alexander Hill Everett (1790–1847), American Ambassador to the Netherlands (1819–1824), Ambassador to Spain (1825), and Ambassador to the Qing Empire (1845–1847) .
 Edward Everett (1794–1865), statesman and diplomat. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 4th congressional district (1825–1835), Governor of Massachusetts (1836–1840), Ambassador to Great Britain (1841–1845), President of Harvard University (1846–1848), the United States Secretary of State (1852–1853), and a United States Senator for Massachusetts (1853–1854).
 Horace Everett (1819–1890), a native of Windsor, Vermont, he was a prominent early founder of Council Bluffs, Iowa.
 Henry Sidney Everett (1834–1898), long-time diplomat, Secretary of the American Legation at Berlin (1877–1884).
 William Everett (1839–1910), member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 7th congressional district (1893–1895).
 Sidney Brooks Everett (1868–1901), member of the Boston City Council (1892–1894), American Consul to the Dutch East Indies (appointed 1897), and secretary and chargé de affairs to the American Legation in Guatemala (1900–1901).

Descendants through the marriage of Sarah Preston Everett (1796–1866) and noted journalist Nathan Hale (1784–1863):

 Prof. Nathan Hale Jr. (1818–1871), journalist and professor at Union College.
 Lucretia Peabody Hale (1820–1900), author and journalist.
 Edward Everett Hale (1822–1909), famed author and Unitarian minister and theologian.
 Charles Hale (1831–1882), member and later Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1855–1859), Consul-General to Egypt (1864–1870), and the United States Assistant Secretary of State (1872–1873).
 Susan Hale (1833–1910), artist and author.
 Ellen Day Hale (1855–1940), artist.
 Prof. Edward Everett Hale Jr. (1863–1932), distinguished and long-time professor at Union College.
 Philip Leslie Hale (1865–1931), artist.
 Nancy Hale (1908–1988), author.

Fabens

Of Marblehead and Salem:
 William Fabens (1810–1883), lawyer, member of Assembly, Senate
 William Chandler Fabens (1843–1903), Lynn attorney, namesake of Fabens Building
 Samuel Augustus Fabens (1813–1899), master mariner in the East India and California trade
 Francis Alfred Fabens (1814–1872), mercantile businessman, San Francisco judge, attorney
 Joseph Warren Fabens (1821–1875), U.S. Consul at Cayenne, businessman, Envoy Extraordinary of the Dominican Republic
 George Wilson Fabens (1857–1939), attorney, land commissioner and superintendent of Southern Pacific Railroad, namesake of Fabens, Texas

Forbes

Forbes Family
 John Murray Forbes (1813–1898), industrialist
 Edward W. Forbes (1873–1969), Director of the Fogg Art Museum at Harvard University from 1909 to 1944.
 John Forbes Kerry (born 1943), United States Secretary of State (2013–2017), senator from Massachusetts (1985–2013)
 Elliot Forbes (1917–2006), conductor and musicologist
 Robert Bennet Forbes (1804–1889), sea captain, China merchant, ship owner, writer
 William Howell Forbes (1837–1896), businessman
 Beatrice Forbes Manz, professor of history at Tufts University

Gardner
Gardner Family

Originally of Essex county:
 Samuel Pickering Gardner (1767–1843), merchant.
 John Lowell Gardner (1808–1884), merchant.
 John Lowell Gardner II (1837–1898), merchant.
 Augustus P. Gardner (1865–1918), U.S. congressman.
 Isabella Stewart Gardner (1840-1924), art collector, philanthropist, and patron of the arts.

Gillett

 Jonathan Gillett (1609–1677), colonist
 Edward Bates Gillett (1817–1899), attorney
 Frederick Huntington Gillett (1851–1935), 37th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
 Arthur Lincoln Gillett (1859–1938), clergyman
 Ezra Hall Gillett (1823-1875), clergyman and author
Charles Ripley Gillett (1855-1948), clergyman

Hallowell
Hallowell Family

 Ward Nicholas Boylston (1747–1828), merchant and philanthropist
 Norwood Penrose Hallowell (1839–1914), colonel in the 54th Massachusetts regiment
 Norwood Penrose Hallowell Jr. (1875-1961), President of Lee, Higginson & Co.
 Edward Needles Hallowell (1836–1871), An officer in the 54th Massachusetts. He and his brother were collectively portrayed by actor Cary Elwes in his role as Major Cabot Forbes in the Civil War movie Glory.
 John Hallowell (1878–1927), Harvard Football player and assistant to Herbert Hoover in the United States Food Administration during World War I

Healey/Dall

 Mark Healey (1791–1872), originally of New Hampshire, merchant and first president of the Merchant's Bank
 Caroline Wells Healey (1822–1912), writer, feminist, and abolitionist
 Charles Henry Appleton Dall (1816–1886), first Unitarian minister to India
 William Healey Dall (1845–1912), malacologist, paleontologist, and explorer of Alaska

Holmes

Holmes Family
 Abiel Holmes (1763–1837), clergyman
 Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. (1809–1894), doctor, author
 Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (1841–1935), U.S. Supreme Court justice

Jackson

Jackson Family
 Edward Jackson (1708–1757), colonist; m. Dorothy Quincy Jackson
 Jonathan Jackson (1743–1810), merchant, revolutionary; m. Hannah Tracy Jackson
 Charles Jackson (1775–1855), Massachusetts Supreme Court justice
 James Jackson (1777–1867), Physician m. Elizabeth Cabot
 Francis Henry Jackson (1815–1873), m. Sarah Ann Boott
 James Tracy Jackson (1843–1900), m. Rebecca Nelson Borland
 James Tracy Jackson Jr. (1881–1952), m. Rachel Brooks
 Francis Gardner Jackson (1914–1970), m. Jane Matthews
 Francis Gardner Jackson Jr. (born 1943), m. Pamela Graves Hardee
 Patrick Graves Jackson (born 1969), Surgeon, husband to Ketanji Brown Jackson and related to Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
 Amelia Lee Jackson: wife of Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
 Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
 Patrick Tracy Jackson (1780–1847), co-founder of the Boston Manufacturing Company
 Hannah Jackson, wife of Francis Cabot Lowell
 Lydia Jackson, wife of Ralph Waldo Emerson
 Greling Jackson

Knowles

Knowles Family
 Freeman Knowles (1846–1910)
 Horace G. Knowles (1863–1937)
 John Knowles (1926–2001)
 Malcolm Knowles (1913–1997)
 Tony Knowles (politician) (born 1943)
 Warren P. Knowles (1908–1993)
 William Standish Knowles (1917–2012)

Lawrence

Lawrence Family
 Samuel Lawrence (died 1827), revolutionary
 Amos Lawrence (1786–1852), merchant
 Amos Adams Lawrence (1814–1886), abolitionist
 William Lawrence (1850–1941), Episcopal bishop
 William Appleton Lawrence (1889–1963), Episcopal bishop
 Frederic C. Lawrence (1899–1989), Episcopal bishop
 Abbott Lawrence (1792–1855), U.S. congressman, founder of Lawrence, Massachusetts
 Luther Lawrence (died 1839), politician
Descendant by marriage: Abbott Lawrence Lowell (1856–1943), president of Harvard University

Lodge

Lodge Family
 John Ellerton Lodge, husband of Anna Cabot
 Henry Cabot Lodge (1850–1924), U.S. senator
 George Cabot Lodge (1873–1909), poet
 Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (1902–1985), U.S. senator, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations
 George Cabot Lodge II (born 1927), Harvard Business School professor, 1962 U.S. Senate candidate from Massachusetts against Edward M. Kennedy
 Henry Sears Lodge (1930–2017)
 John Davis Lodge (1903–1985), 79th governor of Connecticut, U.S. ambassador
 Lily Lodge (1930-2021)

Lowell

 John Lowell (1743–1802), Member of the Continental Congress and Federal Judge
 John Lowell (1769–1840), lawyer and Federalist
 John Amory Lowell (1798–1881), industrialist, philanthropist
 John Lowell (1824–1897), Federal Judge
 John Lowell (1856–1922), lawyer
 Mary Emlen Lowell (1884–1975), Countess of Berkeley, m. Earl of Berkeley
 Ralph Lowell (1890–1978), philanthropist, founder of WGBH
 Olivia Lowell (1898–1977), m. Augustus Thorndike (1896–1986)
 James Lowell (1869–1933), Federal Judge
 Augustus Lowell (1830–1900), industrialist, philanthropist
 Percival Lowell (1855–1916), famous astronomer
 Abbott Lawrence Lowell (1856–1943), President of Harvard University, 1909–1933
 Elizabeth Lowell (1862–1935), m. William Lowell Putnam (see below)
 Katherine Putnam (1890–1983), m. Harvey Bundy (1888–1963)
 William Bundy (1917–2000), foreign affairs advisor to John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson
 McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), U.S. National Security Advisor
 Katharine Lawrence Bundy (1923–2014), m. Hugh Auchincloss Jr. (1915–1998), 1st cousin once removed of Hugh D. Auchincloss
 Hugh Auchincloss III (born 1949), m. Laurie Hollis Glimcher (born 1951), divorced; daughter of Melvin J. Glimcher
 Jake Auchincloss (born 1988), Captain in United States Marines, City of Newton, Massachusetts Councilman (2015–2020), United States Congressman for Massachusetts (2021-present)
 Roger Putnam (1893–1972), Mayor of Springfield, Director of the Economic Stability Administration (ESA)
 Amy Lowell (1874–1925), Pulitzer Prize-winning poet
 Francis Cabot Lowell (1775–1817), founder of the Industrial Revolution in the United States
 John Lowell Jr. (1799–1836), Founder of the Lowell Institute
 Francis Cabot Lowell Jr. (1803–1874), industrialist
 George Gardner Lowell (1830–1885)
 Francis Cabot Lowell (1855–1911), Federal Judge
 Edward Jackson Lowell (1845–1894), historian
 Guy Lowell (1870–1927), architect
 Rebecca Russell Lowell (1779–1853), m. Samuel Pickering Gardner (1767–1843)
 John Lowell Gardner (1804–1884)
 John Lowell Gardner (1837–1898), m. Isabella Stewart (1840–1924)
 Charles Lowell (1782–1861), Unitarian minister
 Charles Russell Lowell (1807–1870)
 Charles Russell Lowell Jr. (1835–1864), Civil War general, m. Josephine Shaw
 Harriet Lowell (1836–1920), m. George Putnam (1834–1917)
 William Lowell Putnam (1861–1923), lawyer and banker, m. Elizabeth Lowell (see above)
 Mary Traill Spence Lowell Putnam (1810–1898), author, translator
 Robert Traill Spence Lowell (1816–1891)
 Robert T.S. Lowell (1860–1887)
 Robert T.S. Lowell (1887–1950), naval officer
 Robert Lowell (1917–1977), Pulitzer Prize–winning poet
 James Russell Lowell (1819–1891), American Romantic poet, Ambassador to Spain and England

Lyman

 Theodore Lyman (1753–1839), China trade merchant, commissioned Samuel McIntire to build one of New England's finest country houses, The Vale
 Theodore Lyman II (1792–1849), brigadier general of militia, Massachusetts state representative, mayor of Boston
 Theodore Lyman III (1833–1897), natural scientist, aide-de-camp to Major General Meade during the American Civil War, and United States congressman from Massachusetts
 Theodore Lyman IV (1874–1954), director of Jefferson Physics Lab, Harvard. The Lyman series of spectral lines, the crater Lyman on the far side of the Moon, and the Lyman Physics Building at Harvard are named after him.

Minot

Minot Family
 Charles Sedgwick Minot (1852–1914), anatomist
 George Richards Minot (1885–1950), winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine
 Henry Davis Minot (1859–1890), ornithologist
 Susan Minot (born 1956), author
 Alexandria Minot (born 1981), lawyer, human rights activist

Norcross
Norcross family

Original from Watertown, Massachusetts
 Otis Norcross (1811–1882), mayor of Boston
 Amasa Norcross (1824–1898), politician
 Eleanor Norcross (1854–1923), artist

Oakes

Oakes family
 Urian Oakes (1631–1681), minister and educator; president of Harvard College.

Otis

Otis family
 James Otis Jr. (1725–1783), revolutionary
 Mercy Otis Warren (1728–1814), playwright, revolutionary
 Samuel Allyne Otis (1740–1814), politician
 Harrison Gray Otis (1765–1848), U.S. senator, mayor of Boston

Paine
Paine Family
 Robert Treat Paine (1731–1814), lawyer, politician, and a Founding Father of the United States who signed the Continental Association and the Declaration of Independence.
 Robert Treat Paine Jr. (1773–1811), a poet and editor
 Charles Jackson Paine (1833–1916), railroad executive, yachtsman, and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
 Robert Treat Paine (philanthropist) (1835–1910), lawyer, philanthropist, and social reformer
 Sumner Paine (1868–1904), American shooter who competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics.
 John Paine (sport shooter) (1870–1951), American shooter who competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics.
 Lyman Paine (1901–1978), architect and far-left activist.
 Robert Treat Paine Storer (1893–1962), All-American football player for Harvard University and decorated veteran of World War I.
 Robert T. Paine (zoologist) (1933–2016), the ecologist who coined the term "keystone species".
 Michael Paine (1928–2018), an acquaintance of Lee Harvey Oswald, unknown Paine and his wife Oswald had been hiding his Carcano Model 38 infantry carbine rifle in the garage of their Irving, Texas home, that was used to kill President John F. Kennedy, and wound Texas Governor John Connally in November 1963, and used beforehand in a failed attempt on the life of far-right activist, resigned Army General, Edwin Walker, in April of that year.
 Ruth Paine (1932–present) friend of Marina Oswald, who was living with her at the time of the assassination of President Kennedy.

Palfrey
Palfrey Family

 Peter Palfrey (1611–1663), one of the founders of Salem, Salem representative to the first General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony
 William Palfrey (1741–1780), American patriot, Aide-de-camp to George Washington, chief clerk to John Hancock, successful merchant
 John G. Palfrey I (1796–1881), played a leading role in the creation of Harvard Divinity School, first Dean of Harvard Divinity School, U.S. Congressman from Massachusetts, Unitarian minister, historian
 Francis Winthrop Palfrey (1831–1889), historian, decorated Union officer
 Sarah Palfrey Danzig (1912–1996), won 18 national tennis championship titles (singles, doubles, mixed doubles)
 John G. Palfrey V (1919–1979), member of President Kennedy's Atomic Energy Commission, Dean of Columbia University
 John G. "Sean" Palfrey VI (born 1945), pediatrician and advocate, Harvard Faculty Dean of Adams House with Judy Palfrey
 John G. Palfrey VII (born 1972), educator and author, historian, Headmaster of Phillips Academy

Parkman

Parkman Family
 Samuel Parkman (1751–1824), investor; father of
 George Parkman, physician, investor, philanthropist; victim in the Parkman–Webster murder case
 Francis Parkman Jr., historian; grandson of Samuel Parkman; nephew of George Parkman

Peabody

Peabody Family
 Elizabeth Palmer Peabody (1804–1894), American educator who opened the first English-language kindergarten in the United States
 Endicott Peabody (1857–1944), Episcopal priest, founder of the Groton School for Boys
 Endicott "Chubb" Peabody (1920–1997), governor of Massachusetts
 George Peabody (1795–1869), entrepreneur, philanthropist who founded the House of Morgan and the Peabody Institute
 Joseph Peabody (1757–1844), merchant, shipowner, philanthropist whose company sailed clipper ships in the Old China Trade from its base in Salem, Massachusetts
 Mary Tyler Peabody Mann (1806–1887), American author
 Nathaniel Peabody (1774–1855)
 Richard R. Peabody (1892–1936), author of The Common Sense of Drinking, a major influence on Alcoholics Anonymous founder Bill Wilson
 Sophia Amelia Peabody Hawthorne (1809–1871), painter, illustrator, wife of American author Nathaniel Hawthorne

Perkins

Perkins Family
 Thomas Handasyd Perkins (1764–1854), merchant, pioneer of the China trade, philanthropist
 Charles Perkins (1823–1886), art historian, philanthropist, founder of the Museum of Fine Arts
 Edward Perkins (1856–1905), constitutional lawyer
 Maxwell Perkins (1884–1947), literary editor of Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, and F. Scott Fitzgerald

Phillips

Phillips Family
 Rev. George Phillips (1593–1644), gateway ancestor to the Phillips New England family, one of the founders of Watertown, Massachusetts
 Christopher H. Phillips (1920–2008), politician, diplomat
 Samuel Phillips Jr. (1752–1802), politician, founder of Phillips Academy
 John Phillips (1719–1795), educator, founder of Phillips Exeter Academy
 John Sanborn Phillips (1861–1949), publisher of McClure's Magazine
 Wendell Phillips (1811–1884), abolitionist
 William Phillips (1878–1968), diplomat
 Samuel Phillips (1690–1771), first pastor of the South Church of Andover

Other notable relatives:
 Phillips Brooks (1835–1893), American Episcopal clergyman and author
 Samuel Phillips Huntington (1927–2008), Harvard University political science professor and author; grandson of John Sanborn Phillips
 Charles F. Brush (1849–1929), inventor, philanthropist
 Bill Gates (born 1955), billionaire software pioneer, philanthropist, investor, entrepreneur

Putnam

Putnam Family
 James Putnam (1725–1789), last attorney general in Massachusetts before American Revolution; judge and politician in New Brunswick
 James Putnam (1756–1838), Canadian politician
 Major General Israel Putnam (1718–1790), U.S. general during the Revolutionary War
 Colonel Daniel Putnam (1759–1831), colonel in U.S. Continental Army; his home is Putnam Elms
 John Day Putnam (1837–1904), Wisconsin politician
 William Lowell Putnam (1861–1924), and Elizabeth Lowell Putnam
 George P. Putnam (1887–1950), publisher, explorer, husband of Amelia Earhart
 Katherine L. Putnam (1890–1983), wife of Harvey Hollister Bundy
 Roger Lowell Putnam (1893–1972), politician, businessman

Quincy

Quincy Family
 Edmund Quincy (1602–1636), settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1633
 Josiah Quincy II (1744–1775), lawyer, revolutionary
 Josiah Quincy III (1772–1864), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts, mayor of Boston, president of Harvard University
 Dorothy Quincy Hancock, wife of John Hancock
 Abigail Smith Adams (1744–1818), wife of John Adams
 John Quincy Adams (1767–1848), President of the United States

Rice
Rice Family

Originally of Sudbury, Massachusetts:
 Deacon Edmund Rice (1594–1663), colonist
 Alexander Hamilton Rice (1818–1895), industrialist, mayor of Boston, governor of Massachusetts, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts
 Alexander Hamilton Rice Jr. (1875–1956), physician, geographer, explorer
 Brigadier General Americus Vespucius Rice (1835–1904), U.S. general, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio, banker
 Brigadier General Edmund Rice (1842–1906), U.S. general, Medal of Honor recipient
 Edmund Rice (1819–1889), U.S. senator, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Minnesota
 Henry Mower Rice (1816–1894), U.S. senator
 Luther Rice (1783–1836), Baptist clergyman, missionary to India
 Thomas Rice (1768–1854), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts
 William Marsh Rice (1816–1900), businessman, founder of Rice University
 William North Rice (1845–1928), geologist, educator
 William Whitney Rice (1826–1896), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts
 William B. Rice (1840–1909), industrialist, philanthropist

Saltonstall

Saltonstall Family
 Leverett Saltonstall I (1783–1845), politician, educator
 Leverett Saltonstall (1892–1979), U.S. senator
 William L. Saltonstall (1927–2009), politician
 Elizabeth Saltonstall (1900–1990), lithographer, painter
 Philip Saltonstall Weld (1915–1984), World War II commando, environmentalist
 William G. Saltonstall (1905–1989), 8th Principal of Phillips Exeter Academy

Sargent

 Colonel Epes Sargent (1690–1762), colonel of militia before the Revolution and a justice of the general session court for more than 30 years
 Paul Dudley Sargent (1745–1828), Revolutionary officer, one of the founding overseers of Bowdoin College
 Harrison Tweed (1885–1969), lawyer, civic leader
 Tweed Roosevelt (born 1942), great-grandson of President Theodore Roosevelt
 John Sargent (1750–1824), Loyalist officer during the American Revolution
 Winthrop Sargent (1753–1820), patriot, governor, politician, writer; member of the Federalist Party
 Judith Sargent Murray (1751–1820), feminist, essayist, playwright, poet; her home is the Sargent House Museum
 Daniel Sargent Sr. (1730–1806), merchant, owned Sargent's Wharf in Boston
 Daniel Sargent (1764–1842), merchant, politician
 Daniel Sargent Curtis (1825–1908), lawyer, banker, trustee of the BPL, owner of Palazzo Barbaro
 Henry Sargent (1770–1845), painter, military man
 Henry Winthrop Sargent (1810–1882), horticulturist, landscape gardener
 Ignatius Sargent Sr. (1765–1821), merchant, military man
 Ignatius Sargent (1800–1884), banker, railroad executive, horticulturalist, landscape gardener
 Charles Sprague Sargent (1841–1927), botanist, first director of Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum
 Lucius Manlius Sargent (1786–1867), author, antiquarian, temperance advocate
 Brigadier General Horace Binney Sargent (1821–1908), U.S. Civil War general (Union Army), politician
 John Singer Sargent (1856–1925), artist, considered the "leading portrait painter of his generation"
 Winthrop Sargent Gilman (1808–1884), head of the banking house of Gilman, Son & Co. in New York City
 Epes Sargent (1813–1880), editor, poet, playwright
 Francis W. Sargent (1915–1998), 64th governor of Massachusetts
 Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee (1921–2014), (Harvard, 1942): editor of The Washington Post
 Frances Sargent Osgood (1811–1850), poet, one of the most popular women writers during her time
 Anna Maria Wells (née Foster; –1868), early American poet, children's author

Sears

Sears Family
 Richard Sears (1610–1676), colonist
 David Sears II (1787–1871), philanthropist, merchant, landowner
 Clara Endicott Sears (1863–1960), author, philanthropist
 Mason Sears (1899–1973), politician, ambassador
 Emily Sears, wife of Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
 John W. Sears (1930–2014), politician

Sedgwick

Sedgwick Family
 Major General Robert Sedgwick (1611–1656), immigrant, Commander of the Massachusetts Bay Colony forces
 Hon. Theodore Sedgwick (1746–1813), 4th Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives; major in U.S. Continental Army
 Major General John Sedgwick (1813–1864), U.S. Civil War general (Union Army)
 Theodore Sedgwick Jr. (1780–1839), lawyer, author; politician
 Theodore Sedgwick III (1811–1859), attorney, legal author, U.S. Minister to France
 Catharine Maria Sedgwick (1789–1876), one of the first noted female writers in the United States
 Henry Dwight Sedgwick (1785–1831), father of
 Henry Dwight Sedgwick II (1824–1903), father of
 Ellery Sedgwick (1872–1960), magazine editor; father of
 Ellery Sedgwick Jr. (1908–1991), father of
 Theodore "Tod" Sedgwick, diplomat, publisher
 Henry Dwight Sedgwick III (1861–1957), lawyer, author; father of
 Henry Dwight Sedgwick IV (1896–1914)
 Francis Minturn Sedgwick (1904–1967), father of
 Edith Minturn Sedgwick (1943–1971), American socialite, actress, fashion model who worked with Andy Warhol
 Robert Minturn Sedgwick (1899–1976), father of
 Henry Dwight Sedgwick V (1928–2018), venture capitalist; husband of Helen Stern (1930–2019) and Patricia Rosenwald Sedgwick (born 1933); father of
 Mike Stern (born Michael Sedgwick 1953), jazz guitarist
 Kyra Minturn Sedgwick (born 1965), actress, producer, director; wife of Kevin Bacon; mother of
 Sosie Bacon (born 1992), actress
 Holly Sedgwick (born ), mother of
 Justin Nozuka (born 1988)
 George Nozuka (born 1986)
 Philip Nozuka (born 1987)
 Robert Sedgwick (born )

Shattuck
Lemuel Shattuck (1793-1859), politician, historian, bookseller and publisher.
Henry Lee Shattuck (1879-1971), attorney, philanthropist, and politician

Shaw
 Robert Gould Shaw (1776–1853) m. Elizabeth Willard Parkman (1785–1853)
 Francis George Shaw (1809–1882) m. Sarah Blake Sturgis (1815–1902)
 Robert Gould Shaw (1837–1863)
 Josephine Shaw (1843–1905) m. Charles Russell Lowell (1835–1864)
 Quincy Adams Shaw (1825–1908) m. Pauline Agassiz (1841–1917)
 Robert Gould Shaw II (1872–1930) m. Nancy Langhorne (1879–1964)
 Robert Gould Shaw III (1898–1970)
 Louis Agassiz Shaw II (1906–1987)

Sturgis
James Perkins Sturgis (1791 - 1851), wealthy merchant
Nathaniel Russell Sturgis (1779 - 1856), merchant and socialite m. Susannah Thomsen Parkman, daughter of Samuel Parkman, an influential merchant
Sarah Blake Sturgis (1815–1902), abolitionist, women's rights supporter, anti-imperialist and philanthropist
Ann Cushing Sturgis Paine, married into the Paine family
Russell Sturgis (1805–1887), merchant active in the China trade

Henry Parkman Sturgis, United States Consul to the Philippines

Thayer

Thayer Family
 Brevet Brigadier General Sylvanus Thayer (1785–1872), U.S. general (Army), Father of West Point
 Nathaniel Thayer (1769–1840), Unitarian minister; father of
 Nathaniel Thayer Jr. (1808–1883), financier, philanthropist; partner in John E. Thayer and brother firm which he left to clerks Kidder and Peabody after his retirement. One of the most generous citizens of Boston donating Thayer Hall to Harvard University; an overseer of Harvard, 1866–1868, and a fellow, 1868–1875; father of
 Nathaniel Thayer, III (1851–1911), capitalist, pioneer railroad promoter
 Bayard Thayer (1862–1916), millionaire sportsman, horticulturist
 Eugene Van Rensselaer Thayer (1855–1907), financier, capitalist; father of
 Eugene Van Rensselaer Thayer Jr. (1881–1937), Harvard class of 1904; President of Merchants and Chase National Banks; Chairman of Stutz motorcars
 James Bradley Thayer (1831–1902), American legal writer, educationist
 Ernest Thayer (1863–1940), American poet, author of "Casey at the Bat", and uncle of Scofield Thayer
 Scofield Thayer (1889–1982), American poet, publisher
 Eli Thayer (1819–1899), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts
 John A. Thayer (1857–1917), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts
 John R. Thayer (1845–1916), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts
 Brevet Major General John Milton Thayer (1820–1906), U.S. senator, U.S. Civil War general (Union Army); governor of Nebraska
 Webster Thayer (1857–1933), judge at the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti
 William Greenough Thayer (1863–1934), American educator; father of
 Sigourney Thayer (1896–1944), theatrical producer, aviator, poet
 Tommy Thayer (born 1960), lead guitarist for the rock band Kiss

Thorndike

Thorndike Family
 Israel Thorndike (1755–1832), merchant, politician
 Augustus Thorndike (1896–1986), physician
 George Thorndike Angell (1823–1909), lawyer, philanthropist

Tudor

Tudor Family
 William Tudor (1750–1819), lawyer, politician, founder of the Massachusetts Historical Society
 William Tudor (1779–1830), cofounder of the North American Review and the Boston Athenaeum
 Frederic Tudor (1783–1864), Boston's "Ice King", founder of the Tudor Ice Company
 Tasha Tudor (1915–2008), illustrator and author of children's books

Warren

 Richard Warren (1578–1628), London merchant, Mayflower passenger
 James Warren (1726–1808), paymaster general of Continental Army, major general in Massachusetts colony militia, president of Massachusetts Congress
 Mercy Otis Warren (1728–1814), playwright, historian, revolutionary
 Joseph Warren (1741–1775), major general in Massachusetts colony militia, hero/martyr of Bunker Hill, president of Massachusetts Congress; sent Paul Revere on his famous midnight ride
 John Warren (1753–1815), founder of Harvard Medical School, surgeon at Bunker Hill, co-founder of the Massachusetts Medical Society
 John Collins Warren (1778–1856), surgeon, president of the American Medical Association, founding dean of Harvard Medical School, a founder of Massachusetts General Hospital; gave first public demonstration of surgical anesthesia, a founder of The New England Journal of Medicine
 Winslow Warren (1838–1930), American attorney who served as Collector of Customs for the Port of Boston during the second administration of Grover Cleveland
 John Collins Warren Jr. (1842–1927), surgeon, president of the American Surgical Association
 Charles Warren (1868–1954), lawyer, author, legal scholar who won a Pulitzer Prize for his book The Supreme Court in United States History

Weld

Weld Family
 Thomas Weld (born ), colonist, Puritan minister
 William Gordon Weld (1775–1825), merchant
 William Fletcher Weld (1800–1881), merchant, philanthropist
 Ezra Greenleaf Weld (1801–1874), daguerreotypist
 Theodore Dwight Weld (1803–1895), abolitionist
 Stephen Minot Weld (1806–1867), politician, educator
 George Walker Weld (1840–1905), philanthropist
 Brevet Brigadier General Stephen Minot Weld Jr. (1842–1920), U.S. Civil War general (Union Army)
 Charles Goddard Weld (1857–1911), philanthropist
 Isabel Weld Perkins (1877–1948), philanthropist
 Philip Saltonstall Weld (1915–1984), World War II commando, environmentalist
 Tuesday Weld (born 1943), actress
 William Weld (born 1945), governor of Massachusetts, 2016 Libertarian Party Vice Presidential Candidate

Whitney

 Eli Whitney (1765–1825)
 William Collins Whitney (1841–1904)

Wigglesworth

Wigglesworth Family
 Michael Wigglesworth (1631–1705), colonist, clergyman; father of
 Edward Michael Wigglesworth (c. 1693–1765), clergyman, educator; father of
 Edward Wigglesworth (1732–1794), academician
 Richard B. Wigglesworth (1891–1960), ambassador to Canada, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts

Winthrop
Winthrop Family

Patrilineal descendants:
 Lucy Winthrop Downing: mother of diplomat Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet, founder of New York, of Downing Street, London, and ultimately of Downing College, Cambridge, UK; Lucy's letter to her brother Governor Winthrop provided the impetus for the founding of Harvard College; sister of
 John Winthrop (1588–1649), founding governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony; father of
 John Winthrop (1606–1676), governor of Connecticut
 Fitz-John Winthrop (1637–1711), governor of Connecticut
 John Winthrop, husband of Anne Dudley, granddaughter of Thomas Dudley
 John Winthrop (1714–1779), acting president of Harvard, pioneer of American science
 James Winthrop (1752–1821), librarian, jurist
 Thomas Lindall Winthrop (1760–1841), lieutenant governor of Massachusetts
 Robert Charles Winthrop (1809–1894), lawyer, politician, philanthropist

Other descendants:

Kwame Anthony Appiah (born 1954), philosopher, author, cultural theorist and descendant in the female line of John Winthrop.

Bibliography

 Cleveland Amory, The Proper Bostonians, 1947

See also
 American gentry
 Bourgeoisie
 Colonial families of Maryland
 First Families of Virginia
 Golden Square Mile
 Old Philadelphians
 Philadelphia Main Line
 Socialite
 Upper class
 White Anglo-Saxon Protestant

References

American upper class

English-American culture in Massachusetts
High society (social class)
White American culture in Massachusetts

Boston Brahmin


Yellow Submarine album je Beatlesa iz 1969. godine.

Pjesme

Strana A

 Yellow Submarine
 Only A Northern Song
 All Together Now
 Hey Bulldog
 It`s All Too Much
 All You Need Is Love

Strana B

 Pepperland
 Sea Of Time
 Sea Of Holes
 Sea Of Monsters
 March Of The Meanies
 Pepperland Laid Waste
 Yellow Submarine In Pepperland

Glazbenici

 John Lennon
 Paul McCartney
 George Harrison
 Ringo Starr
 George Martin

Albumi The Beatlesa
Albumi iz 1969.

Yellow Submarine


ඉඩම, ආර්. ආර්. සමරකෝන් ශිල්පියා විසින් නිර්මාණය කරනලද වේදිකා නාට්‍යයකි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

ඉඩම (වේදිකා නාට්‍යය)


قرية آل عبيدية، إحدى قرى بني بشر القحطانية، وتتبع محافظة سراة عبيدة في منطقة عسير الواقعة جنوب المملكة العربية السعودية. يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي ألفين نسمة.

أماكن مأهولة في محافظة سراة عبيدة
قرى منطقة عسير

آل عبيدية


2 يصبح 1  هو البوم لمجموعة البوب البريطانية سبايس جيرلز.

مراجع

أغاني احتلت المرتبة الأولى في ترتيب الأغاني الأيرلندية
أغان عن النشاط الجنسي
أغان كتبتها إيما بونتون
أغان كتبتها جيري هالويل
أغان كتبتها فيكتوريا بيكام
أغان كتبتها ميلاني براون
أغان كتبتها ميلاني سي
أغان منفردة حققت المركز الأول في إسكتلندا
أغان منفردة حققت المركز الأول في المملكة المتحدة
أغان منفردة في 1996
أغان منفردة في 1997
أغاني 1996
أغاني سبايس جيرلز
أغان منفردة حققت المركز الأول في إسبانيا
مقاطع فيديو موسيقية مصورة في لندن

2 يصبح 1 (أغنية)


Klamidya, filum Chlamydiae türü bakterilerin neden olduğu cinsel yolla bulaşan bir hastalık türüdür. Chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia muridarum ve chlamydia suis olmak üzere üç türü bulunur.

İnsan, hayvan, böcek ya da protoza hücrelerinde yaşayan birçok başka Chlamydiae türleri bulunmaktadır. Bu türlerden ikisi (chlamydophila pneumoniae ve chlamydophila psittaci) insanlarda akciğer enfeksiyonuna neden olabilmektedir.

Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia trachomatis insan göz ve genital organlarında infeksiyona neden olan sık görülen bir patojendir. Chlamydia trachomatis sâdece insan hücreleri içinde yaşayabilir ve en sık rastlanan cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklardan biridir—her sene ABD'de yaklaşık 4 milyon klamidya vakası görülür. Klamidya semptomları her enfekte olan kişide görülmeyebilir. Klamidya taşıyan erkeklerin yaklaşık yarısı ve kadınların dörtte üçü belirti vermez ve enfekte olduklarını bilmezler. Ciddi sorunlara yol açabilir ancak zamanında teşhis edilirse antibiyotiklerle kolayca tedâvi edilebilir. Aynı şekilde, gözde klamidya infeksiyonu dünyada en sık görülen "engellenebilir" körlüğün nedenidir. Körlük, trahom (klamidya konjonktiviti) komplikasyonu sonucu oluşur. fs.html.

Klamidya Trachomatis'in neden olduğu hastalıklar
 Genital infeksiyonlar
 Konjonktivit
 Pelvik inflamatuar hastalık (PID)
 Bebeklerde pnömoni
 Üretrit
 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis sendromu
 Reiter sendromu
 Lymphogranuloma venereum

Korunma
Klamidya çok sık bulunduğundan ve belirti (semptom) vermediğinden, güvenli seks uygulayarak, tek eşli yaşamak, tek havlu kullanımı, cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklara karşı tedbir almak özellikle önemlidir.

Tedavisi
Klamidya trachomatis enfeksiyonu, antibiyotik kullanımı yoluyla tedavi edilebilir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections Resource Center from the Association of Reproductive Health Professionals
 "Chlamydia: Questions and Answers" from Planned Parenthood"
 Chlamydia fact sheet from the Center for Disease Control
 eMedicine Health Chlamydia
 NetDoctor Chlamydia fact sheet
 Links to chlamydia pictures (Hardin MD/Univ of Iowa)
 Resources for research on chlamydial infections
 Chlamydia Basic Research Society

Chlamydiaceae
Bakteriyel hastalıklar
Cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar

Klamidya (hastalık)


999999 සහ 1000001 අතර පූර්ණ සංඛ්‍යාව වන 1000000; සිංහල ක්‍රමයෙන් දස ලක්‍ෂය ලෙසත් බටහිර ක්‍රමයෙන් මිලියනය ලෙසත් හැඳිනවේ.

1000000


Psará (en griego: Ψαρά) anteriormente conocida como Ψύρα, Psyra o Ψυρίη, Psyriī) es una isla griega en el Mar Egeo. Junto con la pequeña isla deshabitada de Antípsara forma el municipio de Psará. Es parte de la unidad periférica de Quíos, que forma parte de la Periferia de Egeo Septentrional. La única ciudad de la isla y sede de la municipalidad también se llama Psará.

Psará tenía 448 habitantes según el censo de 2011. Tiene un pequeño puerto que la comunica con la isla de Quíos y con otras partes de Grecia.

Aparece mencionada en la Odisea de Homero bajo el nombre de Psiria, como uno de los lugares junto a los que pasaron parte de las naves aqueas en su regreso de la guerra de Troya. Estrabón la llama Psira y ubica en la isla una ciudad del mismo nombre.

Arqueología
El arqueólogo Serafín Jaritonidis excavó en varios lugares de la isla en 1960-61. En el sitio de Arjontiki, situado en la costa del sudoeste de la isla, encontró tumbas del periodo micénico. Por otra parte, en una colina halló restos del periodo geométrico y del periodo helenístico. En Arjontiki han seguido habiendo excavaciones y estudios de los restos en 1983-85 y en 1997-2001. En total se han explorado un total de 162 tumbas micénicas, una de ellas en forma de tholos donde probablemente se rendía culto a un héroe, además de un asentamiento próximo a la necrópolis.

Véase también
 Antípsara, isla cercana.
 Geografía de Grecia
 Destrucción de Psará

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de localización de la isla
 Sitio arqueológico de Psará: descripción. Ministerio de Cultura de Grecia

Archipiélagos e islas de Grecia del mar Egeo
Islas habitadas de Grecia
Municipios de la periferia de Egeo Septentrional
Islas de la periferia de Egeo Septentrional
Puertos de la Antigua Grecia
Asentamientos micénicos
Tumbas micénicas

Psará


Konrad Horny ou Conrad Horny, né en  à Mayence et le mort le  à Weimar, est un peintre et graveur allemand.

Biographie
Konrad Horny naît en  à Mayence.

Après avoir travaillé comme paysagiste dans la manufacture de porcelaine de Höchst, il arrive à Weimar en 1785.

Il est le père de Franz Horny.

Konrad Horny meurt le  à Weimar.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 .

Liens externes

Naissance en novembre 1764
Naissance à Mayence
Décès en novembre 1807
Décès à Weimar
Peintre allemand du XVIIIe siècle
Peintre allemand du XIXe siècle
Peintre sur porcelaine
Graveur allemand du XVIIIe siècle
Graveur allemand du XIXe siècle
Aquafortiste allemand

Konrad Horny


شعب ويكا (باللإنكليزيية القديمة: Hwicce) هو واحد من شعوب الأنجلوسكسونية في إنجلترا، لا يعرف بالتحديد مقدار حدودهم، وإن كان من المرجح أن يتزامن مع تلك القبيلة أبرشية ورسستر، التي تأسست في 679-680. وكان أساقفتها القدامى يحملون لقب أساقفة الويكيين Episcopus Hwicciorum. وبهذا فمملكتم تشمل ورسترشير، غلوسترشير (إلا غابة دين) والنصف الجنوبي من وارويكشير، ومنطقة باث. بقي اسم ويكا في منناطق مثل ويتشوود في أوكسفوردشير وويتشفورد في وارويكشير.

كما يظهر في السجلات الأنكلوساكسونية، فإن هذه المناطق (أو على الأقل الجزء الجنوبي منها) قد غزاها الساكسون الغربيون عام 577 يقيادة كالوين بعد معركة ديرهام. ويظهر ان المملكة انفصلت عن وسكس في زمن الملك إدوين. وأول ملوك ظهروا في سجلاتها كانا الأخوين إنهير وإنفريث، ويبدو أنهما كانا معاصرين للملك وولفهير. وخلفهما ملك يدعى أوزريك، وكان ومعاصرا للملك إثلرد وخلفه ملك يدعى أوزهير. خلف أوزهير على العرش أبناؤه الثلاثة، وهم إيثلهيرد وإيثلويرد وإيثلريك، ويظهر أن الأخيرين كانا يحكمان في سنة 706. وفي بدايات عهد أوفا نجد أن المملكة يحكمها ثلاثة أخوة هم إنبرت وأوترد وألدرد، وعاش الأخيران حتى عام 780 تقريبا، ولا يظهر أن أحدا اتخذ لقب ملك بعدهما، لأن خليفتهما إيثلموند، الذي قتل في حملة ضد وسكس عام 802، وصف بأنه إيرل فقط.

ظل الإقليم تحت سيطرة ملوك مرسيا حتى سقوط المملكة على يد الفايكنغ. واعترفت مع مرسيا بسلطة الملك ألفرد، وكانت تحت حكم الإيرل إثلرد الذي يجتمل أنه هو نفسه كانه من الويكا. لم يبق أي سجل لقائمة أنساب أو ملوك الويكا إلى النزر اليسير، ولا نعرف إذا كانت السلالة الحاكمة على علاقة مع سلالات وسكس أو مرسيا.

مصادر

أنظمة ملكية سابقة في أوروبا
تاريخ رسيستيرشير
تاريخ غلوسترشير
تاريخ وركشير
دول وأقاليم انحلت في القرن 8
دول وأقاليم أسست في القرن 6
دول وأقاليم أسست في القرن 7
مجموعات عرقية في أوروبا

ويكا (مملكة)


Wolverine je strip-junak koji se pojavljuje u američkim stripovima izdavača Marvel Comics, uglavnom u suradnji s X-ljudima. Mutant je koji posjeduje životinjske osjetila, poboljšane fizičke sposobnosti, moćne regenerativna sposobnost koje su također ljekovite, te tri kandže u svakoj ruci. On se pojavio na zadnjoj ploči The Incredible Hulka broj 180. prije nego što je dobio veću ulogu u broju 181. iz 1974. godine. Nacrtao ju je Marvelov glavni urednik Roy Thomas, scenarij je napisao Len Wein.

Nastupao je u većini adaptacija X-Menova, uključujući animirane televizijske serije, videoigre i filmsku seriju dvadesetog stoljeća Fox X-Men, u kojoj ga je Hugh Jackman glumio u devet od deset filmova.

Junaci stripa
Marvel Comics, likovi

Wolverine


174515 Pamelaivezic este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
174515 Pamelaivezic este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Apache Point Observatory în cadrul programului Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,04 ua, o excentricitate de 0,15 și o înclinație de 6,7° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 174001-175000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2003
Centura de asteroizi

174515 Pamelaivezic


Le Major-général Robert Clive Bridgeman,  vicomte Bridgeman KBE , CB , GRD , MC , JP ( - )  appelé l'honorable Robert Bridgeman entre 1929 et 1935, est un pair et un officier de l'armée britannique.

Jeunesse
Né à Londres et baptisé à la cathédrale Saint-Paul, il est le fils de William Bridgeman (1er vicomte Bridgeman), et de son épouse Caroline Beatrix Parker, fille de l'honorable Cecil Thomas Parker . Il est le frère de Maurice Bridgeman . Il fait ses études au Collège d'Eton  et en 1935, il succède à son père comme vicomte .

Carrière militaire
Bridgeman devient sous-lieutenant dans la Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) en 1914 et sert pendant la Première Guerre mondiale  et reçoit la Croix militaire l'année suivante.

Après la guerre, il est secrétaire particulier de son père en 1918 et devient capitaine en 1921 . Il fréquente le Staff College de Camberley de 1927 à 1928, et y retrouve Oliver Leese, Philip Christison, , Evelyn Barker, Eric Dorman-Smith, John Whiteley, , Clement West, Wilfred Lloyd, Stanley Kirby et John Hawkesworth. Il est ensuite transféré en tant que brevet-major à la  brigade d'infanterie en 1932 . Bridgeman occupe ce commandement jusqu'en 1934 et devient lieutenant-colonel breveté l'année suivante, après avoir été simultanément nommé au War Office en tant qu'officier d'état-major général .

Bridgeman prend sa retraite avec demi-solde en 1937, mais est rappelé dans le Corps expéditionnaire britannique (BEF) avec le déclenchement de la Seconde Guerre mondiale . Il est décoré de l'Ordre du Service distingué (DSO) en juillet 1940 après l'évacuation de Dunkerque et commande la  brigade d'infanterie, qui fait partie de la 48th (South Midland) Infantry Division, une formation de l'armée territoriale (TA), récemment revenue de Dunkerque . Il est premier directeur adjoint, puis directeur général, de la Home Guard ainsi que du TA l'année suivante . En 1942, Bridgeman est promu colonel et major-général temporaire . Il est nommé adjudant général adjoint au War Office en 1944, poste qu'il occupe jusqu'à la fin de la guerre . En 1951, Bridgeman prend sa retraite, après avoir obtenu le grade de major-général honoraire.

Bridgeman est investi en tant que Compagnon de l'Ordre du Bain dans les honneurs du Nouvel An 1944, et est colonel honoraire du  Bataillon, King's Shropshire Light Infantry en 1949. Il devient Chevalier Commandeur de l'Ordre de l'Empire britannique en 1954 et est investi Chevalier de l'Ordre le plus vénérable de l'Hôpital de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem un an plus tard. Ayant déjà été sous-lieutenant, il est nommé Lord-lieutenant du Shropshire en 1951. Représentant le comté également en tant que juge de paix, il occupe le poste jusqu'en 1970. Bridgeman est trésorier de la Royal Salop Infirmary à Shrewsbury en 1946 et 1948 lorsque l'hôpital est repris par le National Health Service . Bridgeman est président de la West Midland Territorial Army and Volunteer Reserve Association en 1968 et l'année suivante .

Famille
Le 12 juin 1930, il épouse Mary Kathleen Lane Fox, deuxième fille de George Lane-Fox (1er baron Bingley), et a trois filles . Il est remplacé dans la vicomté par son neveu Robin Bridgeman, le fils de son jeune frère Geoffrey. Lady Bridgeman est décédée en 1981. Il est décédé le 17 novembre 1982 à l'âge de quatre-vingt-six ans et est enterré dans le cimetière de Hope près de Minsterley, Shropshire. Sa plus jeune fille, Mary Selina Bayliss, est à la fois High Sheriff of Berkshire et Lord-lieutenant du Berkshire .

Références

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Général de l'armée de terre britannique
Vicomte de la pairie du Royaume-Uni
Titulaire de la croix militaire (Royaume-Uni)
Chevalier du très vénérable ordre de Saint-Jean
Chevalier commandeur de l'ordre de l'Empire britannique
Lord-lieutenant du Shropshire
Compagnon de l'ordre du Bain
Compagnon de l'ordre du Service distingué
Personnel de l'armée de terre britannique pendant la Première Guerre mondiale
Général de l'armée de terre britannique pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Décès en novembre 1982
Naissance en avril 1896
Décès à 86 ans

Robert Bridgeman (2e vicomte Bridgeman)


Rhoda Shipman (born January 30, 1968) is a comic book writer from the United States.

Biography
Shipman and her husband Gary Shipman created, wrote and edited the independent comic book series Pakkins' Land, which tells the story of Paul, a young boy who finds himself in a magical world filled with talking animals. The series has received critical acclaim and received an international following and numerous award nominations. Certain characters in the Pakkins' Land stories are named after Shipman's three children.

In October 2021, Shipman released Rhoda's Little Book of Sketches , a 30-page sketchbook of her illustrations.

Awards
In 1997 Shipman and her husband were nominated for the Russ Manning Most Promising Newcomer Award.
In 1998 Shipman and her husband were nominated for an Eisner Award in the "Talent Deserving of Wider Recognition" category.

References

External links

Female comics writers
Living people
1968 births
American comics writers

Rhoda Shipman


Der FC Machida Zelvia (jap. FC町田ゼルビア, Efu Shī Machida Zerubia) ist ein japanischer Fußballklub aus Machida in der Präfektur Tokio. Aktuell spielt der Verein in der J2 League.

Den Beinamen Zelvia gab sich das Team 2009 und ist eine Zusammensetzung aus der japanischen Zelkove (dem Baum der Stadt Machida) und dem engl. Begriff salvia (dt. Salbei).

Geschichte
Die Stadt Machida ist auch bekannt als das "Brasilien Tokios", da dort eine unvergleichbare Fußballkultur vorherrscht. Einige der bekanntesten Spieler der J. League entstammen der 1977 gegründeten Fußballschule des FC Machida. Um diese Talente halten zu können, wurde 1989 deshalb ein eigenes Top-Team gegründet. Dieses ging 2003 in den Athletic Club Machida auf und schaffte 2005 den Sprung in die Kantō League, bis man im Jahr 2008 bereits den Aufstieg in die Japan Football League erlangte.

Recht schnell nannte man das Ziel des Vereins in die J. League Division 2 aufgenommen zu werden. Allerdings reichten zu dem Zeitpunkt weder die sportlichen Leistungen, noch die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl von etwa 3.000 Zuschauern pro Spiel.

Nach der Verpflichtung von Naoki Soma (Spieler während der Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 1998) als Chef-Trainer und einiger aus der J. League bekannte Spieler, stellte sich 2010 der sportliche Erfolg ein, der seinen Höhepunkt im Sieg gegen den Erzrivalen Tokyo Verdy im Kaiserpokal fand, jedoch beendete die Niederlage gegen Albirex Niigata die Pokalambitionen des Vereins.
Trotz Ausbaus des Stadions entsprach es immer noch nicht den Vorgaben der J. League und so wurde bis Anfang 2011 erneut renoviert.

Als Cheftrainer wurde Ranko Popovic eingestellt, ehemals Trainer des J.League Veteranen Ōita Trinita, und mit dem dritten Platz ergatterte man für die Saison 2012 den erwünschten Platz in der zweiten japanischen Profiliga. Nach nur einer Saison stieg Zelvia jedoch als Tabellenletzter wieder in die Japan Football League ab. Zur Saison 2014 zählte der Verein zu den Gründungsmitgliedern der J3 League. Am Ende der Saison 2015 erreichte die Mannschaft den zweiten Platz, der zur Teilnahme an den Relegationsspielen gegen den Vorletzten der J2 League 2015 berechtigte. Dort konnte Gegner Ōita Trinita bezwungen werden, was gleichbedeutend mit der Rückkehr in die J2 League war.

Die Leistungen in der J2 waren entweder gut oder schlecht. Direkt nach der Aufstiegssaison schaffte man es auf den 7. Tabellenplatz und verpasste die Austiegsrelegation trotz Punktgleichheit nur wegen des schlechteren Torverhältnisses. Demgegenüber fand man sich in der Folgesaison im unteren Tabellendrittel auf Platz 16 wieder. In der Saison 2018 schaffte man es widerum auf Platz 4, der für die Aufstiegsrelegation berechtigte. Allerdings bekam Zelvia keine Lizenz für die erste Liga und durfte dadurch nicht an der Aufstiegsrelegation teilnehmen. Nach zwei weiteren schlechten Jahren (Platz 18 und Platz 19) gelang 2021 wieder eine Platzierung weit oben. Als 5. der Abschlußtabelle hätte man sich wie sonst üblich für die Aufstiegsrelegation qualifiziert, aber durch die wirtschaftlichen Folgen der COVID-19-Pandemie sollten aus der ersten Liga keine Mannschaften absteigen und nur die ersten beiden der zweiten Liga direkt aufsteigen. Eine Aufstiegsrelegation wurde demnach nicht ausgespielt. Nach erneut einem Jahr im unteren Tabellendrittel (15. Platz) wurde am 39. Spieltag der Saison 2023 schließlich doch noch mit einem Auswärtssieg bei Roasso Kumamoto der erstmalige Aufstieg in die J1 League geschafft, da die Mannschaft nicht mehr von einem Aufstiegsplatz verdrängt werden konnte. In dieser Saison wurde zudem der erste Tabellenplatz erreicht und mit der ersten Achtelfinal-Teilnahme das auch beste Ergebnis im Kaiserpokal, in dem man knapp an Erstligist Albirex Niigata scheiterte.

Stadion
Das "Städtische Leichtathletikstadion Machida" (jap. 町田市立陸上競技場, Machida-shiritsu rijujō kyōgijō, engl. Machida Municipal Athletic Stadium), auch nach dem Stadtteil Nozuta in dem es steht, Nozuta-Stadion (Nozuta-kyōgijō) genannt, wurde seit 2009 für den Aufstieg vorbereitet. Eine Lichtanlage wurde installiert, um Spiele zu Nachtzeiten zu ermöglichen und die Zuschauerkapazität von ehemals 6.200 aufgestockt. Dies für die J2 League notwendige Kapazität über 10.000 Plätzen wurde schließlich nach einer Erweiterung zur Saison 2013 erreicht.

Spieler
Stand: März 2023

Trainerchronik

Saisonplatzierung

JFL: Japan Football League (4. Ligaebene)

KSLx: Kantō Soccer League Division x (5./6. Ligaebene)

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Offizielle Webseite

Machida Zelvia, Fc

Gegründet 1977
Organisation (Präfektur Tokio)

FC Machida Zelvia


La finale de la Coupe du monde 2022 est une rencontre sportive de football.

C'est le  et dernier match de la Coupe du monde 2022. La rencontre se joue au Stade de Lusail à Lusail au Qatar à  heure locale, le , jour de la fête nationale du Qatar, et voit s'affronter l'Équipe d'Argentine et l'Équipe de France. L'Argentine s'impose aux tirs au but, après prolongation (3-3, tab 4-2). LAlbiceleste gagne ainsi sa troisième Coupe du monde après 1978 et 1986 et accroche une troisième étoile à son maillot. Lionel Messi est désigné Meilleur joueur du tournoi, ses coéquipiers Enzo Fernandez et Emiliano Martínez sont également distingués (respectivement Meilleur jeune du tournoi et Meilleur gardien de but), tandis qu'avec huit réalisations, Kylian Mbappé, qui réalise un triplé lors de cette finale, est le meilleur buteur de la compétition.

Les performances exceptionnelles de Lionel Messi et Kylian Mbappé ainsi qu'un scénario renversant font que ce match est considéré comme l'une des plus belles finales de l'histoire de la Coupe du monde, si ce n'est la plus belle.

Contexte
Le champion en titre de la Coupe du monde 2018 est la France, c'est sa seconde finale consécutive et la quatrième depuis 1998 ; elle est la première équipe depuis le Brésil en 1998 à revenir en finale en tant que tenante du titre.  La France a remporté deux Coupes du monde, en 1998 et 2018. Elle a également atteint la finale en 2006, mais est tombée face à l'Italie aux tirs au but. Sous la direction de Didier Deschamps, qui a remporté le tournoi de 1998 comme joueur, les Français ont été éliminés par l'Allemagne en quarts de finale de la Coupe du monde 2014, ont perdu en prolongations, face au Portugal, la finale de l'Euro 2016 à domicile, et ont connu une défaite aux tirs au but face à la Suisse (3-3 après prolongations) en huitièmes de finale de l'Euro 2020. En raison de son statut de championne du monde, la France fait figure de favori pour la victoire, elle vise également à imiter la réalisation de l'Italie en 1934 et 1938 et du Brésil en 1958 et 1962, comme troisième pays à remporter la Coupe du monde deux fois de suite. Deschamps peut devenir le deuxième entraîneur à remporter deux titres de Coupe du Monde consécutives, après Vittorio Pozzo avec l'Italie en 1934 et 1938. Après avoir remporté le tournoi en 1998, comme joueur, Deschamps cherche aussi à devenir le troisième à remporter trois titres mondiaux après les légendes brésiliennes Pelé (comme joueur) et Mário Zagallo (deux comme joueur, un comme entraîneur).

L'équipe d'Argentine, comme celle de la France, a remporté la Coupe du monde deux fois auparavant, en 1978 et 1986. Elle a également terminé trois fois finaliste, battue en 1930 (Uruguay), 1990 et 2014, les deux dernières face à l'Allemagne. Après sa défaite en finale de 2014, l'Argentine perd deux finales consécutives de la Copa América face au Chili en 2015 et 2016. Après une série de performances décevantes lors de la Coupe du Monde 2018, dans laquelle elle est éliminée par la France en huitième de finale et de la Copa América 2019, où elle termine troisième, l'entraîneur nouvellement nommé Lionel Scaloni mène l'Argentine à son premier titre international en 28 ans en s'imposant face au Brésil 1-0, lors de la finale de la Copa América 2021. Après avoir remporté la Finalissima 2022, battant l'Italie 3-0, championne d'Europe, l'Argentine est entrée au Qatar comme l'un des favoris pour la victoire finale.

Les deux nations s'affrontent en phase finale pour la seconde Coupe du monde consécutive. En 2018, en Russie à Kazan Arena, c'est en huitièmes de finale que la France remporte la rencontre 4-3, dans ce que The Independent a qualifié de « l'un des plus grands matchs de coupe du monde de tous les temps ». Antoine Griezmann ouvre le score avec un penalty avant qu'Ángel Di María et Gabriel Mercado placent l'Argentine devant, la France marque ensuite les trois buts suivants grâce à la volée de Benjamin Pavard à l'extérieur de la surface (but élu comme le meilleur du tournoi) et puis Kylian Mbappé deux fois. Sergio Agüero réduit le score dans les arrêts de jeu, mais l'Argentine ne réussit pas à égaliser et à bénéficier de la prolongation.

Avant-match

Stade

La finale a lieu au stade de Lusail à Lusail, situé à environ 15 kilomètres au nord du centre-ville de Doha. Le stade était destiné avant même sa construction à accueillir la finale dans le cadre de la candidature du Qatar à la coupe du monde, ce qui est confirmé le . Le stade a également été attribué pour accueillir neuf autres matches, dont six en phase de groupes et trois autres matches à élimination directe. Le stade de Lusail, propriété de la fédération du Qatar de football, a été construit dans le cadre de la candidature gagnante du Qatar pour la coupe du monde. Le stade a été conçu par les cabinets britanniques Foster + Partners et Populous, soutenus par Manica Architecture.

La construction a commencé en , et devait se terminer en 2020. L'achèvement du stade a été reporté, la construction étant finalement terminée en . Le stade a accueilli son premier match, la Super coupe de Lusail, le , plus tard que prévu.

Arbitrage

L'arbitre polonais Szymon Marciniak a été nommé arbitre de la finale du , ses compatriotes polonais Paweł Sokolnicki et Tomasz Listkiewicz étant nommés arbitres assistants. Marciniak est devenu arbitre de la FIFA en 2011 et avait auparavant été arbitre de football lors du Championnat d'Europe 2016 et de la Coupe du monde 2018, ainsi que lors de la Supercoupe de l'UEFA 2018. Plus tôt dans le tournoi, Marciniak a arbitré le match de la phase de groupes France-Danemark, de même que le match Argentine-Australie en huitième de finale.

C'est la première fois qu'un arbitre polonais dirige l'équipe d'officiels lors d'une finale de coupe du monde, et la deuxième fois qu'un arbitre polonais soit inclus parmi les officiels lors d'un tel match, après que Michał Listkiewicz soit juge de touche lors de la finale de la Coupe du monde 1990. Ismail Elfath et Kathryn Nesbitt sont nommés respectivement quatrième arbitre assistant officiel et de réserve, tandis qu'un autre Polonais, Tomasz Kwiatkowski, dirigera l'équipe d'arbitres assistants vidéo. Le Vénézuélien Juan Soto sert d'arbitre assistant vidéo assistant, l'Américain Kyle Atkins est l'arbitre assistant vidéo hors-jeu, tandis que le rôle d'arbitre assistant vidéo de soutien est attribué au Mexicain Fernando Guerrero. L'Allemand Bastian Dankert et l'Américain Corey Parker sont respectivement arbitre assistant vidéo de réserve et arbitre assistant vidéo assistant de réserve.

Le ballon
Le ballon de match pour les demi-finales, le match pour la troisième place et la finale a été annoncé le . Il s'agit d'une variante d'Al Rihla nommée Al Hilm, qui signifie  en arabe, une référence au rêve de chaque nation de lever la Coupe du monde. Bien que les aspects techniques du ballon soient les mêmes, la couleur est différente des ballons Al Rihla utilisés dans les phases de groupes et les matchs à élimination directe précédents. Avec un design doré métallisé, marron, bordeaux collégial et rouge, une référence aux couleurs nationales du pays hôte, le Qatar, et les couleurs dorées partagées par le stade Lusail et le trophée de la Coupe du monde. Il s'agit du cinquième ballon spécial pour les finales de la Coupe du monde, après le Teamgeist Berlin, Jo'bulani, Brazuca Final Rio et Telstar Mechta.

Présence officielle
Plusieurs chefs d'État sont présents, parmi lesquels l'émir qatarien Tamim ben Hamad Al Thani, le président français Emmanuel Macron. Le président argentin Alberto Fernández est resté en Argentine par superstition. Selon la coutume, les membres du Conseil de la FIFA et le président de la FIFA Gianni Infantino assistent également à la finale.

Équipes

Parcours respectifs
Note : dans les résultats ci-dessous, le score du finaliste est toujours donné en premier.

Argentine

Tirée au sort dans le groupe C et après une séquence de trois ans et 36 matchs sans défaite, l'Argentine est entrée dans le tournoi comme l'un des favoris. Cependant, à la surprise générale, elle est battue 2-1 par l'Arabie saoudite. L'ouverture du score de Lionel Messi sur penalty est suivie de plusieurs buts de l'Albiceleste qui sont refusés à la suite de hors-jeu. Immédiatement après la mi-temps, l'Arabie saoudite assomme l'Argentine avec deux buts de Saleh Al-Shehri et Salem Al-Dawsari en l'espace de cinq minutes, avant de bloquer toute autre tentative des Sud-Américains dans une performance défensive disciplinée. Cependant, les Argentins rebondissent contre le Mexique (victoire 2-0), après un premier but, Messi offre une passe décisive à Enzo Fernández pour le deuxième but. Stimulée par cette victoire, l'Argentine bat la Pologne avec le même score avec les buts d'Alexis Mac Allister et Julián Álvarez malgré un penalty raté en première mi-temps de Messi. L'Argentine prend la première place du groupe C, le Mexique et l'Arabie saoudite sont éliminés de la Coupe du monde.

En huitième de finale, les Argentins se retrouvent contre l'Australie, seconde du groupe D ; le tout premier but de Messi en phase à élimination directe est suivi d'un but astucieux d'Álvarez, qui trompe le gardien australien Mathew Ryan. L'Argentine bat l'Australie 2-1, malgré un but contre son camp d'Enzo Fernandez. Face aux Pays-Bas, en quart de finale, match revanche de la rencontre des demi-finales de 2014, l'Argentine mène 2 à 0 grâce à un but de Nahuel Molina et un penalty de Messi, mais succombe à deux buts tardifs de Wout Weghorst, le score à l'issue du temps réglementaire est de 2-2. Aucune des deux équipes ne trouve le chemin des filets lors des prolongations, la séance des tirs au but voit la victoire des Argentins. Martínez sauve les deux premiers tirs au but néerlandais de Virgil van Dijk et Steven Berghuis, tandis que seul Enzo Fernández manque pour l'Argentine, Lautaro Martínez marque le dernier coup de pied décisif du match pour envoyer l'Argentine en demi-finale et affronter la Croatie, finaliste en 2018. Dans un match revanche de la rencontre de 2018 où la Croatie avait gagné 3-0, l'Argentine bat la Croatie sur le même score 3-0. Lionel Messi marque un penalty en première mi-temps avant qu'Alvarez marque cinq minutes plus tard. Sur une passe décisive de Messi, Álvarez marque son doublé en deuxième période. L'Argentine se qualifie pour sa seconde finale en huit ans.

À l'occasion de la finale, Lionel Messi dispute son  de Coupe du monde, dépassant l'Allemand Lothar Matthäus (25 matchs), qui détenait ce record de matchs joués depuis la Coupe du monde 1998.

France

La France a commencé sa campagne de Coupe du monde comme championne du monde en titre, après avoir remporté le tournoi en Russie. Elle a été tirée au sort dans le groupe D.  Pour son premier match, elle rencontre le représentant de l'AFC, l'Australie. Les Français encaissent le premier but après neuf minutes de jeu sur une réalisation de Craig Goodwin, mais ont pu organiser leur retour avec un doublé d'Olivier Giroud, ainsi que les buts d'Adrien Rabiot et Kylian Mbappé, pour gagner 4-1. Renforcée par la victoire, la France bat ensuite une équipe danoise très organisée et menaçante, grâce à Mbappé frappant deux fois en deuxième période, malgré l'égalisation d'Andreas Christensen (victoire 2-1). C'est la première équipe à se qualifier pour la phase à élimination directe et les premiers champions du monde européens à le faire depuis 1994. Avec une progression assurée, le sélectionneur français, Didier Deschamps, fait tourner la majeure partie de son équipe, laissant ses joueurs‑clés au repos pour le dernier match contre la Tunisie. La France perd 1-0 sur un but de Wahbi Khazri, avant de se voir refuser, pour hors-jeu, l'égalisation d'Antoine Griezmann. Elle se maintient en tête du groupe grâce à une différence de buts supérieure à celle de l'Australie .

En huitième de finale, la France bat la Pologne, seconde du groupe C (3-1) avec les buts de Giroud et Mbappé, malgré un penalty tardif de Robert Lewandowski. En quart de finale, la France se défait de l'Angleterre 2 à 1, dans un match tendu, grâce aux buts d'Aurélien Tchouaméni et Giroud. L'Angleterre égalise sur un penalty de Harry Kane mais un deuxième penalty pour revenir au score à 2 partout est raté par Kane, accordant à la France une place en demi-finale.

La France affronte ensuite la surprise du tournoi, le Maroc, qui a battu les deux représentants ibériques, l'Espagne et le Portugal ; les Français mettent fin au parcours historique de la nation africaine avec deux buts de Théo Hernandez et Randal Kolo Muani. La France atteint ainsi sa deuxième finale consécutive de Coupe du monde pour la première fois de son histoire.

Match

Déroulement du match
L'Argentine joue sa sixième finale de Coupe du monde, après 1930, 1978, 1986, 1990 et 2014. Il s'agit de la quatrième finale de la France après 1998, 2006 et 2018. L'équipe sud-américaine domine le match durant plus de soixante-dix minutes. Elle se détache 2-0, avec en premier lieu un penalty sifflé pour une légère faute d'Ousmane Dembélé sur Ángel Di María transformé par Lionel Messi à la  minute puis, moins d'un quart d'heure plus tard, une remontée fulgurante du terrain, avec une déviation de Messi vers Julián Álvarez qui lance Alexis Mac Allister lequel, à l'entrée de la surface renverse sur Di Maria esseulé qui bat Hugo Lloris. Pendant plus d'une heure, l'équipe de France prend l'eau et ne compte pas le moindre tir vers le but défendu par Emiliano Martínez. Didier Deschamps procède à sept changements pour tenter d'infléchir le cours des événements, sortant Dembélé et Olivier Giroud en première mi-temps, Antoine Griezmann et Théo Hernandez en deuxième mi-temps, puis Adrien Rabiot, Raphael Varane et Jules Koundé en prolongations. Dans l'ordre d'apparition, Marcus Thuram et Randal Kolo Muani puis Eduardo Camavinga et Kingsley Coman et enfin, Youssouf Fofana, Ibrahima Konaté et Axel Disasi, entrent sur le terrain.

Le cours du match change à la  minute, quand Kylian Mbappé transforme le penalty sifflé après une faute de Nicolás Otamendi sur Kolo Muani qui lui est passé devant balle au pied en entrant dans la surface. D'un seul coup, les Bleus se mettent à gagner leurs duels, à assurer leurs passes et à récupérer les ballons. 97 secondes plus tard, Coman récupère la balle dans les pieds de Messi, transmet à Rabiot, qui alerte Mbappé à l'entrée de la surface, lequel s'appuie sur Thuram qui lui remet d'une louche ; le Parisien reprend de volée et égalise à 2-2, score à l'issue du temps réglementaire. Lors de la deuxième mi-temps des prolongations, les Argentins en contre-attaque se présentent à trois dans la surface française, le remplaçant Lautaro Martínez tire en force sur Lloris qui repousse, mais Messi reprend le ballon et inscrit son septième but de la compétition donnant l'avantage 3-2 à son équipe. Puis Gonzalo Montiel concède un penalty après avoir détourné de l'avant-bras, dans la surface, une frappe de Mbappé, lequel transforme le penalty, son troisième but de la finale. Il n'est que le second joueur à réussir cet exploit en finale après Geoff Hurst en 1966, mais le premier à totaliser quatre buts (en comptant celui inscrit en 2018) en finale. Il devient aussi le meilleur buteur du tournoi avec huit réalisations. Alors que les deux équipes se procurent tour à tour de belles occasions, la dernière, dans le temps additionnel de la prolongation, voit un tir à bout portant de Randal Kolo Muani être détourné du bout du pied gauche par Emiliano Martinez, ce qui est considéré notamment par Didier Deschamps comme la véritable balle de match. Le score en reste à 3-3, la séance des tirs au but va par conséquent être jouée pour départager les deux équipes.

Lors de la séance de tirs au but, tous les tireurs argentins réussissent leurs tentatives, alors que Martinez repousse celle de Kingsley Coman et qu'Aurélien Tchouaméni frôle le poteau. L'Argentine l'emporte 4 tirs au but à 2, la formation emmenée par Lionel Messi, désigné meilleur joueur de la compétition, accroche une troisième étoile à son maillot, trente-six ans après la victoire de Diego Maradona et les siens au Mexique.

Après-match

La cérémonie de remise des prix a lieu en présence de l'émir du Qatar Tamim ben Hamad Al Thani, du président de la République française Emmanuel Macron, du président de la FIFA Gianni Infantino et d'autres personnalités du monde du football. Le président argentin, Alberto Fernández, a préféré rester en Argentine par superstition .
Les différentes distinctions individuelles sont distribuées. Enzo Fernández est élu meilleur jeune joueur, Emiliano Martinez meilleur gardien, un choix controversé, et Lionel Messi meilleur joueur. Ce dernier devient le premier à décrocher deux fois cette récompense. Kylian Mbappé finit meilleur buteur de la compétition avec huit réalisations.

A lieu ensuite la remise des médailles, argent pour les Français et or pour les Argentins. L'émir Al Thani et le président Infantino remettent alors le trophée au capitaine argentin Lionel Messi, qui le soulève devant ses coéquipiers.

Audience

Le match a rassemblé 24,08 millions de téléspectateurs en moyenne sur TF1, soit un record absolu de la télévision française. Un pic a été mesuré à 29,31 millions à .

Dans le monde, le nombre de téléspectateurs s'élève à 1,5 milliard selon la FIFA, ce qui constitue un record.

Notes et références

Liens externes

2022
Finale
Argentine 2022
France 2022
Football en décembre 2022
Sport au Qatar en 2022
Lusail

Finale de la Coupe du monde de football 2022


Kathleen Margaret Richardson, Baroness Richardson of Calow,  (born 24 February 1938) is a British Methodist minister. Created a life peer in 1998, she served as a crossbench member of the House of Lords until 2018.

Early life and education
Richardson was born on 24 February 1938 to Francis and Margaret Fountain. She was educated at St Helena School, an all-girls secondary school in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. She then attended Stockwell College of Education, where she completed a Certificate in Education. She trained for ordained ministry at the Deaconess College in Ilkley and at Wesley House in Cambridge.

Ministry and activism
Richardson was made a deaconess in 1961 and ordained as a presbyter in 1980.

Richardson was the first woman to become a chair of district within the British Methodist Church. Later she became the first female President of the Methodist Conference (leader of the British Methodist Church and successor to John Wesley), serving a one-year term from 1992 to 1993. She was the moderator of the Free Churches Federal Council from 1995 to 1999.

As a peer, Richardson was active in the House of Lords from 3 August 1998 until her retirement on 20 December 2018. She sat on the crossbenches and was a member of the Committee On Religious Offence.

She is a patron of Methodist Homes (MHA). Richardson is also a patron of a right to die organization, My Death, My Decision. It wants to see a more compassionate approach to dying in the UK, including giving people the legal right to a medically assisted death if that is their persistent wish

Personal life
In 1964, she married Ian David Godfrey Richardson. Together they have had three daughters.

Honours
In the 1996 New Year Honours, Richardson was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) "for services to the  Methodist community". On 3 August 1998 she was made a life peer as Baroness Richardson of Calow, of Calow in the County of Derbyshire.

References

1938 births
20th-century English Methodist ministers
Richardson of Calow, Kathleen Richardson, Baroness
English Methodist ministers
Life peeresses created by Elizabeth II
Living people
Richardson of Calow, Kathleen Richardson, Baroness
Presidents of the Methodist Conference
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Alumni of Wesley House
People from Calow
Peers retired under the House of Lords Reform Act 2014

Kathleen Richardson, Baroness Richardson of Calow


VFTS 102 es una estrella perteneciente a la nebulosa de la Tarántula, de la Gran Nube de Magallanes. La estrella está a unos 160 000 años luz de distancia del Sol.

Descubrimiento y características
Un equipo internacional de astrónomos utilizó el Very Large Telescope (VLT) en el Observatorio Paranal de Chile para realizar un sondeo de las estrellas más masivas y brillantes en la nebulosa de la Tarántula en la Gran Nube de Magallanes. Entre las muchas encontradas, fue detectada esta estrella que está rotando a más de 2 millones de kilómetros por hora. Esta velocidad de rotación equivale a trescientas veces la velocidad de rotación de nuestro Sol y se encuentra en un punto en el cual podría ser destrozada por las fuerzas centrífugas. Hasta la fecha VFTS 102 sería la más rápida conocida. Además, fue encontrado que esta estrella es 25 veces más masiva que el Sol y cerca de cien mil veces más brillante. Su velocidad de traslación en significativamente diferente que la de sus vecinas.
La estrella VFTS 102 recibe ese nombre por el sondeo en el que se la descubrió llamado VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey, que a su vez se conoce así por ser un sondeo usando el VLT y el instrumento FLAMES, que es un espectógrafo.
VFTS 102 se traslada a casi 228 kilómetros por segundo, que es menor que otras estrellas similares en la región por unos 40 kilómetros por segundo. Las velocidades de unas 180 estrellas (de tipo O) en el sondeo encontraron que la velocidad media es de 271 km/s.
Esta diferencia en velocidad podría implicar que VFTS 102 es una "estrella fugitiva", una que ha sido eyectada de un sistema doble luego de que su compañera explotara como supernova. Esta idea es apoyada por dos pistas: un púlsar y un remanente de supernova asociado en su vecindad.

Referencias

Gigantes azules
Gran Nube de Magallanes
Constelación de Dorado

VFTS 102


Heremakono es una película del año 2002.

Sinopsis
Abdallah, un joven muchacho, recupera a su madre en Nouadhibou, a la espera de su viaje hacia Europa. En ese lugar de exilio del que no comprende el idioma, trata de descifrar el universo que le rodea : Nana, una joven mujer sensual que busca seducirle, Makan que sueña como él con partir, Maata, un viejo pescador reconvertido en electricista, su joven y despierto aprendiz Khatra, que le ayudará a salir de su aislamiento enseñándole el dialecto local. Estas comunidades se cruzan y separan, la mirada fija en el horizonte, a la espera de una hipotética felicidad…

Referencias

Heremakono


Hilsa (en hindi: हिलसा ) es una ciudad de la India, en el distrito de Nalanda, estado de Bihar.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 60  a 47 km de la capital estatal, Patna, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2011 contaba con una población de 45 381 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Bihar

Hilsa


ඔලුවිල් ප්‍රදීපාගාරය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නැගෙනහිර වෙරළබඩ ඔලුවිල් හී පිහිටා තිබෙන ප්‍රදීපාගාරයක් වේ. එය කල්මුණේ නගරයේ සිට කිලෝ මීටර 12 ක් පමණ දකුණු දෙසින් පිහිටයි.

ඔලුවිල් ප්‍රදීපාගාරය ශ්‍රී ලංකා වරාය අධිකාරිය මගින් නඩත්තු වන්නක් වන අතර, නිදහස ලැබීමෙන් අනතුරුව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉදිකල පළමු ප්‍රදීපාගාරයද වේ. මීටර 24 ක උසින් යුක්ත වූ ප්‍රදීපාගාරය 1999 වසරේ ඔලුවිල් වරාය සංවර්ධන ව්‍යාපෘතියේ කොටසක් ලෙස ගොඩ නංවන ලදී.

ප්‍රදීපාගාරය විවෘත කිරීම 1999 වසරේ ජ්නි 19 වන දිනදී එවක වරාය සංවර්ධන, පුනරුත්ථාපන හා ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණ අමාත්‍ය, ශ්‍රී ලංකා මුස්ලිම් කොංග්‍රස් නායක එම්. එච්. එම්. අෂ්රෆ් විසින් සිදු කරන ලදී.

2004 සුනාමිය
2004 වසරේ බලපෑ සුනාමි ව්‍යසනය හේතුවෙන්, ඔලුවිල් වරාය, නගරය ඇතුළු ප්‍රදීපාගාරයට අලාභහානි සිදුවූ අතර, පසුව නැවතත් එය ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණය කරන ලදී.

මේවාද බලන්න
 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රදීපාගාර ලැයිස්තුව.

ආශ්‍රිත

ප්‍රදීපාගාර - ශ්‍රී ලංකා

ඔලුවිල් ප්‍රදීපාගාරය


මනෝ විද්‍යාවේ ජීව විද්‍යාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යව නොහොත් ජීව මනෝ විද්‍යාව / මනෝ විද්‍යාව යනු මානසික ක්‍රියාවන් හා හැසිරීම් අධ්‍යයනය සඳහා ජීව විද්‍යාත්මක සිද්ධාන්තයන් යොදා ගැනීමයි. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස මනෝ ජීව විද්‍යාඥයෙක් පාත්ත පැටවනුගේ හැසිරීම් ළදරුවන්ගේ හැසිරීමට ආදේශ කර ඒවා මත සිද්ධාන්ත බිහි කරයි. මීට අමතරව ඔහු ජීව විද්‍යාත්මක විචල්‍යයන් මැනීමටද විශේෂ කැමැත්තක් දක්වයි. ඒවා ගුණාත්මක හා සංඛ්‍යාත්මකව හෝ මනෝ විද්‍යාත්මක හෝ හැසිරීම විචල්‍යයකන්ට සම්බන්ධ කිරීමට උත්සාහ කරයි. අනතුරුව එය සාක්ෂි මත පදනම් වූ පුහුණුවට උපයෝගී කරයි.

ඉතිහාසය

මෙම අධ්‍යනයන් පර්සියාවේ මනෝ විද්‍යාඥ Avicenna (980-1037 A.D.) සහ අනුබද්ධ වෛද්‍යවරයෙක් දක්වා දිවෙයි. මොවුන් දෙදෙනා විසින් චිත්ත සංවේදන ආශ්‍රිත මනෝ රෝග සඳහා ප්‍රතිකාරයන්ට කායික මනෝ විද්‍යාවේ වටිනාකම හඳුනාගන්නා ලදි. අකුරු ආශ්‍රිත පර්යේෂණය මඟින් ශරීර අභ්‍යන්තරයේ සිදුවන නාඩිවල වෙනස්කම් කායික රෝග සඳහා හේතුවන බව මේ දෙපළ අවබෝධ කරගති.මනෝ විද්‍යාත්මක පැහැදිලි කිරීම් කළ අතර සෑම විටම කායික සහ මානසික රෝග එකිනෙකට සම්බන්ධ කරන ලදී. ඔහු විසින් මොළය තුළ පවතින ආර්ද්‍රතාවය මනෝභාව රෝග සඳහා බලපාන බව පැහැදිලි කරන ලදී. සතුට වැඩි වූ විට හුස්ම ගැනීමේ ප්‍රමාණය වෙනස් වන (වැඩිවන) බවත් එමඟින් මොළය තුළ ආර්ද්‍රතාවය වැඩි කරන බවත් හඳුනාගන්නා ලදී. නමුත් එම තෙතමනය සීමාව ඉක්මවා යෑම මඟින් මොළයේ කල්පාන්විත පාලන හැකියාව නැති කිරීම මඟින් මානසික රෝග ඇති වන බව පහදා දෙන ලදී.

18 වැනි සහ 19 වැනි සියවස්වලදී විවිධ විද්‍යාත්මක සහ දර්ශනාත්මක සම්ප්‍රදායන්වලින් ජීව විද්‍යාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාව විද්‍යාත්මක ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් ලෙස පැන නැගිණි. දර්ශනවාදයේ දී, Rene Descartes විසින් භෞතික අනුරූපක මඟින් මිනිස් සහ සත්ව හැසිරීම් පහදා දීමට යෝජනා කරන ලදී. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස ඔහු බොහෝ ජීවීන්ගේ මොළයේ මධ්‍යගතව පවතින පීනයිල් ග්‍රන්ථිය මිනිස් සිත හා දේහය අතර සන්ධිය ලෙස පවසන ලදී. මීට අමතරව දේහ තරලවල පවතින වායු ස්වභාවය මඟින් ප්‍රතීකයන් සහ අනෙක් චාලක ක්‍රියාවන් පහදන සිද්ධාන්තයක් ද ගොඩ නඟන ලදී.

අනෙක් දර්ශනවාදීන් ද මනෝ විද්‍යාවේ උපත සඳහා විවිධ අයුරින් සහාය ලබා දෙන ලදී. මුල් කාලයේ එන පාඨ ග්‍රන්ථයක් වන William James (1890) "මනෝ විද්‍යාවේ මූලධර්ම" මනෝ විද්‍යාවේ විද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යයනයන් සඳහා ජීව විද්‍යාවේ මූලික අවබෝධයක් තිබිය යුතු බවට තර්ක කරන ලදී.

" සිරුරේ ක්‍රියාකාරකම් සහ අත්දැකීම් විශේෂයෙන් මොළය සම්බන්ධ අත්දැකීම් සම්බන්ධයෙන් වන මනෝ විද්‍යාව සැළකිල්ලට ගත යුතු වෙයි. අධ්‍යාත්මවාදීන් සහ සංඝටනවාදීන් යන දෙදෙනාම අවම වශයෙන් ඔවුනගේ මූලධර්ම විස්තර කරන අසාමාන්‍ය ආකාරය සහ ඒවා පහදා දිය හැක්කේ මොළය සම්බන්ධ නීති මඟින් පමණක් වීම නිසා ද මොවුන් 'cerebralists,' (මස්තිෂ්කයින්) ලෙස හැඳින්විය යුතුය. අපගේ ප්‍රථම නිගමනය වනුයේ මොළයේ භෞතවේදය මනෝ විද්‍යාව තුළ යම් තාක් දුරට හෝ අන්තර්ගත කළ යුතු බවය. "

ජේම්ස්හට, අනෙකුත් මුල් කාලීන මනෝ චිකිත්සකයින් මෙන් කායික විද්‍යාව ගැන පුළුල් පුහුණුවක් ලද්දෙකි.

ව්‍යුහ විද්‍යාවේ (විශේෂයෙන්ම ස්නායුක ව්‍යුහ විද්‍යාවේ) ආශ්‍රිතව කායික විද්‍යාව පැන නඟී. ඒ අනුසාරයෙන් මනෝ විද්‍යාව සහ ජීව විද්‍යාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාව යන දෙඅංශයම නිත්‍යානුකූල විද්‍යාවන් ලෙස බිහි වී ඇති බව ප්‍රකාශ කළ හැකිය. විශේෂයෙන්ම කායිකවේදීන්  විසින් ජිවීන් ඇසුරින් පර්යේෂණ කරන ලැබුව ද ඒවා සමකාලීන ව්‍යුහවේදීන් විසින් අනුමත නොකරන ලදහ. ක්ලෝඩ් බර්නාඩ් , චාර්ලිස් බෙලි , විලියම් හාර්වි වැනි විද්‍යාඥයින්ගේ පරීක්ෂණ "ජීවීන් ඇසුරින් කරන පර්යේෂණවලින් විශ්වාසදායී දත්ත" යන මතය විද්‍යාත්මක සමාජය තුළ ඇති කිරීමට උපකාරී විණි.

මනෝ ජීව විද්‍යාව යන පදය විවිධ ක්ෂේත්‍රයන්හි යොදා ගත්ත ද එය ප්‍රථම වරට යොදා ගත්තේ නයිට් ඩන්ලැප් විසින් රචිත "මනෝ ජීව විද්‍යාව පිළිබඳ විග්‍රහය" යන ග්‍රන්ථයේය. ඔහු විසින් මනෝ ජීව විද්‍යා සඟරාව ආරම්භ කරන ලදී. එහි ප්‍රථම එළි දැක්වීමේ දී ඔහු විසින් මානසික සහ කායික ක්‍රියාවලීන් අතර ඇති සම්බන්ධතාවය විදහා දක්වන සඟරාව ලෙස හඳුන්වා දී ඇත. එමඟින් ඔහු ජීව විද්‍යාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාව හඳුන්වා දී ඇත.

සටහන්

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|Biological_psychology

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ජීව විද්‍යාව
මනෝ විද්‍යාව

ජීව විද්‍යාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාව


Die Uganda International 2012 im Badminton fanden vom 2. bis zum 5. Februar 2012 in der Nsambya Sharing Hall in Kampala statt. Beim Turnier wurden Punkte für die Badminton-Weltrangliste vergeben. Das Preisgeld betrug 5.000 US-Dollar, wodurch das Turnier in die International Series eingeordnet wurde.

Finalergebnisse

Weblinks
 tournamentsoftware.com

2012
Badminton 2012
Badmintonwettbewerb in Kampala

Uganda International 2012