Shantou (kínverska:汕頭; rómönskun: Shàntóu; einnig þekkt sem Swatow og Santow) er stórborg á austurströnd Guangdong-héraðs í suðurhluta Alþýðulýðveldisins Kína. Árið 2020 bjuggu á stórborgarsvæði Shantou um 5,5 milljónir manna.

Borgin er við ósa Han-fljóts við Suður-Kínahaf. Hún situr við þrönga enda inntaks fljótsins við hafið, þar sem óshólmar á norðurströndinni nálgast klettanes í suðri. Þrátt fyrir að höfnin sé hindruð af sandrifi og er háð veðrum og fellibyljum er Shantou svæðismiðstöð og aðalhöfn í austurhluta Guangdong héraðsins.

Shantou borg er mikilvæg í kínverskri sögu 19. aldar sem ein "sáttmálahafna" sem komið var á fót fyrir vestræn viðskipti og samskipti. Borgin var einnig eitt fyrsta svokallaðra sérstöku efnahagssvæða Kína sem komið var á laggirnar á níunda áratug síðustu aldar. Sem slík hefur hún þó ekki blómstraði á þann hátt sem borgir s.s. Shenzhen, Xiamen og Zhuhai gerðu. Hins vegar er það enn mikilvæg efnahagsmiðstöð austurhluta Guangdong.

Saga

Á tíma Songveldisins (960–1279) var Shantou lítið sjávarþorp sem var hluti af Jieyang-sýslu. Þéttbýlið varð síðan þekkt sem Xialing á valdatíma hins mongólska Júanveldis (1271–1368). Árið 1563 varð Shantou hluti af Chenghai-sýslu í Chao-héraði. Strax árið 1574 hafði Shantou verið nefnt Shashanping. Á sautjándu öld var settur upp fallbyssupallur sem kenndur var við Shashantou og síðan var það stytt í "Shantou".  Bókstafleg merking Shantou í kínversku er "Fiskikörfuhöfði".

Við Han-fljótið liggur Queshi sem áður var þekkt af heimamönnum sem Kakchio. Á 19. öld voru þar bandarísku og bresku ræðismannsskrifstofurnar vegna utanríkisviðskipta. Í dag er það svæði fallegur garður en sum mannvirkja fyrri sögu eru varðveitt.

Árið 1858 var Chaozhou sem liggur um 32 kílómetrum upp með Han-fljóti, útnefnd "sáttmálahöfn" og opnuð fyrir erlend viðskipti samkvæmt svokölluðum Tientsin-sáttmála kínverskra stjórnvalda og ýmissa erlendra stórvelda. Þremur árum síðar var Shantou opnuð sem úthöfn þess. Staðurinn þróaðist síðan hratt í stórhöfn og miðstöð flutninga og viðskipta.

Shantou varð formlega gerða að borg árið 1919 og var aðskilin frá Chenghai árið 1921.

Shantou var ein helsta höfn til brottflutnings Kínverja til Suðaustur-Asíu. Á áætlað er að um 2,5 milljónir brottfluttra Kínverja hafi farið frá borgina á árunum 1880–1909.

Þéttbýlið við Shantou stendur við þrönga enda inntaks óshólmar Han-fljóts við Suður-Kínahaf. Þar eru sandrif sem eru vegna vatnshæðar mjög háð veðrum og fellibyljum. Árið 1922 skall á borgina mikill fellibylur, sem drap 5.000 af 65.000 borgarbúum. Sum nærliggjandi þorp eyðilögðust algerlega, sem og skip er lágu nálægt ströndinni. Heildartala látinna á svæðinu umhverfis borgina hefur verið áætluð yfir 60.000 en gæti hafa verið allt að 100.000 manns.

Á þriðja áratug síðustu aldar, var borgin flutninga- og vörudreifingarmiðstöð í Suðaustur-Kína. Farmflutningur Shantou hafnar voru þá þeir þriðju mestu í Kína.

Árið 1938, í seinna kínverska-japanska stríðinu (1937–45) skemmdist Shantou-höfn alvarlega í sprengjuárásum Japana. Þann 21. júní 1939 réðust japanskir hermenn inn í borgina og hernámu hana allt til 15. ágúst 1945.

Her kommúnista hertók Shantou 24. október 1949, 23 dögum eftir stofnun Alþýðulýðveldisins Kína.

Shantou var eitt sinn aðallega þekkt fyrir útflutning sykurs, ávaxta, niðursoðinna vara og sjávarafurða. Hins vegar hefur mikil og fjölbreytt iðnþróun átt sér stað eftir 1949.

Árið 1981 var stofnað sérstakt efnahagssvæði í Shantou. Það var síðar stækkaði til allra þéttbýlishverfa borgarinnar. Ýtti það mjög undir efnahagsþróun. Margvíslegur iðnaður þróaðist á borð við ljósefnatækni, úthljóðstækni, rafeindavörur, leikföng, vefnaðarvöru og unnin matvæli.

Járnbraut sem var fullgerð árið 1995 sem tengir borgina við Hong Kong og Guangzhou og önnur járnbraut tengist austur til Fujian-héraðs. Hraðbrautir veita skjótan aðgang til Shenzhen og lengra til Guangzhou.

Hafnir borgarinnar tengjast nú sjóflutningum til meira en 200 innlendra og erlendra hafna.

Landafræði

Shantou er staðsett í austurhluta Guangdong héraðs í Kína. Krabbabaugur liggur í gegnum norðurhluta borgarinnar. Þar er einnig austasti punktur meginlands Kína. Hæsti tindur í borgarlandinu er Dajian fjall á Nan'ao eyju, í 587 metra hæð en hæsti tindur á meginlandinu er Lianhua fjall, í 562 metra hæð. Það er staðsett í Chenghai borgarhverfinu.

Borgin liggur við strönd Suður-Kínahafs skammt vestan við mynni Han-fljóts, sem með þveránni sinni, Mei-fljót, dregur mest af austurhluta Guangdong. Borgin er við inntak fljótsins sem nær um 16 kílómetra inn í landið á suðvesturhluta sandrifa óshólma Han-fljótsins. Fljótið er fært bátum með grunna djúpristu, allt til Meizhou borgar í Guangdong, um 55 kílómetra fyrir ofan Xingning borg.

Shantou borg er um 301 kílómetra norðaustur af Hong Kong.

Veðurfar

Shantou hefur rakt loftslag heittempraðra misserisvinda (monsún) Austur-Asíu, með stuttum, mildum vetrum en löngum en heitum og rökum sumrum. Þetta blaut-þurra loftslag er dæmigert fyrir suðausturhluta Kína.

Sumartímabilið, frá maí til október, er langt, blautt, heitt og rakt. Þessum sunnan- og suðvestan misserisvindum fylgja oft fellibylir, sem geta verið hættulegir eins og saga borgarinnar ber með sér.

Vetur í Shantou byrjar jafnan sólríkur og þurr en verður smám saman vætusamari og skýjaðri. Vorið er almennt skýjað, en sumarið sem ber með sér mestu rigningar ársins, er þó mun sólríkara. Þá er að meðaltali 8,2 dagar á ári með 50 mm úrkomu. Haustið er sólríkt og þurrt.

Meðalhiti á sólarhring er á bilinu 14,7 °C í janúarmánuði til 29,1 °C í júlí. Ársmeðaltalið hita er 22,58 °C. Árleg úrkoma er um 1.618 mm, þar af um 60% frá maí til ágúst.

Lýðfræði

Árið 2020 þegar síðasta manntal var gert í Kína, var íbúafjöldi borgarkjarna Shantou 3.838.900 en íbúafjöldi undir lögsögu borgarinnar var 5.502.031.

Stjórnsýsla

Shantou er borg á héraðsstigi. Stjórnsýslusvæði borgarinnar nær yfir 2.248 ferkílómetra.

Borgin hefur lögsögu yfir sex hverfum og einni sýslu: Longhu hverfi, Jinping hverfi, Haojiang hverfi, Chaoyang hverfi, Chaonan hverfi, og Chenghai hverfi.  Að auki er Nan'ao sýsla sem er 115 ferkílómetra eyja.

Elsti hluti Shantou er Jinping hverfi þar sem borgarstjórnin situr. Þar er jafnframt viðskiptahverfi borgarinnar. Íbúar í þessu þéttbýlasta hverfi borgarinnar voru árið 2020 um 777.000. Fjölmennasta borgarhverfið er Chaoyang með 1.654.000 íbúa 2020 en það fámennasta er Nan'ao eyjan með um 64.000 íbúa.

Efnahagur

Framleiðsla í Shantou er stór hluti atvinnusköpunar í borginni. Atvinnugreinarnar byggja aðallega á textílframleiðslu, smíði véla, rafeindatækni, og framleiðslu plast- og handverksvara.  Tréskurður og skeljaútskurður, litað postulín, rafhljóðhljóðfæri, niðursoðinn matur og ljósnæm efni eru dæmi um afurðir borgarinnar. Leikfangaframleiðsla er mjög umfangsmikil í borginni.

Fríverslunarsvæði Shantoum, sem nær yfir 2,34 ferkílómetra, er staðsett í suðurhluta borgarinnar. Til þess var stofnað árið 1993 þegar Kína opnaði fyrir þróun sérstakra fríverslunarsvæða til útflutningsvinnslu, alþjóðaviðskipti, fjármála- og upplýsingaiðnað.

Tengt efni

 Borgir Kína eftir fólksfjölda.
 Guangdong héraðið í sunnanverðu Kína.
 Opinber upplýsingarvefur Shantou borgar - Á kínversku og ensku. Upplýsingar um borgaryfirvöld fyrir íbúa og fyrirtæki. Gagnlegar upplýsingar fyrir ferðamenn um áhugaverða áfangastaði, gistingu o.fl.

Heimildir

 Vefsíða Travel China Guide  Almennar upplýsingar um borgina, áhugaverðustu ferðamannastaði, samgöngur o.fl.

Tilvísanir

Borgir í Kína

Shantou


The Golden Boy es una canción grabada por el vocalista de Queen, Freddie Mercury junto con la soprano Montserrat Caballé.
Originalmente incluida en el álbum Barcelona de 1988, la canción fue lanzada como un sencillo dos semanas después de su aparición en el álbum principal, con otro fragmento del LP, "The Fallen Priest", como lado B,. El sencillo alcanzó el # 83 en la lista de sencillos del Reino Unido.

Lista de canciones

Videoclip
El video de la canción es  la actuación de los artistas en festival al aire libre "La Nit" en Barcelona el 8 de octubre de 1988 (última actuación en directo de Mercury antes de que su enfermedad se agravara), donde se realizó la canción junto con "Barcelona" y "How Can I Go On".

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 The Golden Boy  en MetroLyrics

Canciones de 1988
Canciones compuestas por Freddie Mercury

The Golden Boy


La Supercopa de Grecia (), también conocida anteriormente y de manera oficial como  Copa de la amistad y la solidaridad (), fue una competición de fútbol griego que disputaban el campeón de la Super Liga de Grecia y el campeón de la Copa de Grecia.

Ediciones

No oficial

 El partido de 1980 fue organizado por la Asociación Griega de Prensa Deportiva.

Oficiales

Resultados por equipo

Partidos

Edición no oficial

Ediciones oficiales

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Datos de las ediciones disputadas (RSSSF)
 http://www.worldfootball.net/winner/gre-supercup/

Campeonatos de fútbol entre clubes de Grecia
Grecia

Supercopa de Grecia


2007 ඔක්‌තෝම්බර් මස 22 දා අළුයම එල්ලවූ මෙම ත්‍රස්‌ත ප්‍රහාරයෙන් රුපියල් කෝටි 400 ක් වටිනා ප්‍රහාරක හෙලිකොප්ටර් ඇතුළු ගුවන් යානා 16 ක් මුළුමනින්ම විනාශ විය. එසේම ගුවන් යානා අංගනයේ නතර කර තිබූ තවත් යානා 6 කට බරපතල හානි සිදුවිය.

කොටි ත්‍රස්‌තවාදීන්ගේ ඉලක්‌කයක්‌වූ අනුරාධපුර ගුවන් හමුදා කඳවුරේ ගුවන් යානා 27ක් ස්‌ථානගත කර තිබීම හා තමන්ට ප්‍රහාර එල්ලවූයේ අනුරාධපුර ගුවන් හමුදා කඳවුරේ සිට බව කොටි දැන සිටියහ. එවන් පසුබිමක් මැද ගුවන් හමුදා කඳවුරට ප්‍රමාණවත් ආරක්‍ෂාවක් නොතිබූ බවද පසුව අනාවරණය විය.

වසර ගණනකට පෙර අනුරාධපුර ශ්‍රී මහා බෝධියට එල්ලවූ බිහිසුණු ත්‍රස්‌ත ප්‍රහාරයට පසු දෙවැනි වරටත් අනුරාධපුරයට එල්ලවූ විනාශකාරී ත්‍රස්‌ත ප්‍රහාරය මෙයයි.

අනුරාධපුර ප්‍රහාරයෙන් ගුවන් හමුදා බලඝණනායකයකු ඇතුළු 14 ක්‌ද කළු කොටි මරාගෙන මැරෙන ත්‍රස්‌තයන් 21 ක්‌ද මරුමුවට පත්වූහ.

✈✈✈✈✈✈✈✈✈✈✈✈✈

එම ප්‍රහාරයෙන් දින 10 කට පසු වන්නියේ ධර්මපුරම් ප්‍රදේශයේ කොටි ශාලාවක උත්සවයක් පැවැත්වුණි.මෙම කොටි ශාලාවට කොටි දේශපාලන නායක තමිල්සෙල්වන්, කොටි පොලිස්‌පති නඩේසන්, ටොසි බුද්ධි සේවයේ ප්‍රධානි, පොට්‌ටු අම්මාන්, ප්‍රභාකරන්ගේ පුත් චාල්ස් ඇන්තනී සහ කොටි හමුදා නායකයන්වූ මනිවන්තන් සහ මනිදරයන්ද සහ වාන් පුලිගල් කොටි ගුවන් බලකායේ නායක ගුෂාන්තන් ඇතුළු පිරිසක් පැමිණ සිටියහ.මෙම උත්සවයට රාත්‍රියේ පැමිණි ප්‍රභාකරන් අනුරාධපුර ප්‍රහාරයට සැලසුම් කළ සහ ඊට සහභාගිවී දිවි ගලවාගත් කොටින්ට තෑගි ප්‍රදානය කර ඇත.

💣💣💣💣💣💣💣💣💣💣💣

අනුරාධපුර ප්‍රහාරය සිදුවීමට පැයකට පෙර අනුරාධපුරයේ රුවන්වැලිසෑය ඇතුළු ප්‍රදේශය කොටි ත්‍රස්‌තයකු විසින් වීඩියෝ ගතකර තිබූ අතර ප්‍රහාරයේ දර්ශනද ලොව පුරා කොටි වෙබ් අඩවිවලින් විකාශය විය.

මෙම ප්‍රහාරයට කළුකොටි 27 ක් සම්බන්ධ විය. තබෝරුබන් රාසවල්ලන් සමඟ රත්නම් මාස්‌ටර්, තමලිබන් මාස්‌ටර්, සුකලාරසන් සහ ජුට්‌ටයි නැමැති කොටි ත්‍රස්‌තයන් මන්නාරමේ සිට බපල් යුද රථයකින් මන්නාරම පල්ලමඩුවේ පිහිටි ප්‍රහාර එල්ල කිරීම පුහුණු කරන මධ්‍යස්‌ථානය වෙත පැමිණ ඇත. මෙම බෆල් රථයද යුද හමුදාවෙන් පැහැර ගත් රථයකි. පැය 2 ක් තිස්‌සේ සිදුකළ පුහුණුවෙන් පසු කළු කොටි කණ්‌ඩායම අනුරාධපුර නුවර වැව සමීපයට ගෙන යන ලෙස තබෝරූබන්ට උපදෙස් ලැබී ඇත.

එම උපදෙස් මත තබෝරූබන් ඇතුළු පිරිස මල්වතුඔය සමීපයට පැමිණ ඇඳසිටි කොටි ඇඳුම් උනාදමා ගුවන් හමුදා නිළ ඇඳුම්වලට සමාන කැලෑ නිල ඇඳුමින් සැරසී තිබේ.

ඔවුන් එතැන් සිට මිහින්තලයේ තේක්‌ක කැලයට පැමිණ ඇත. මෙම කොටි ත්‍රස්‌ත කණ්‌ඩායමේ මැනවින් සිංහල කතාකරන ත්‍රස්‌තයකුද විය ජුට්‌ටා නමින් හැඳින්වූයේ එම ත්‍රස්‌තයායි. තේක්‌ක කැලයේ සිටි කොටි ත්‍රස්‌තයන්ට වනයේ දර කැඩීමට පැමිණි වයසක තැනැත්තෙක් හමුවිය. තම පිරිස් ගොවිතැන් කරන ගුවන් හමුදා පිරිසක් බව ජුට්‌ටා එම තැනැත්තාට ප්‍රකාශ කර ඇත.

එහෙත් කළු කොටි පිරිස අතර සිටි කොටි කාන්තාවකගේ බෙල්ලේ සයනයිඩ් කරලක් තිබෙනු දුටු එම වයසක තැනැත්තා කලබලයට පත්විය.

තම කොටි කණ්‌ඩායම කෙරේ එම තැනැත්තා සැකකරන බව ජුට්‌ටා නැමැති ත්‍රස්‌තයාට අවබෝධ විය. ඔහු විගස තමලිබන් නැමැති කොටියාට ඉඟියක් කර ඇත. භට පිරිස ගොවිතැන් කරන ස්‌ථානය පෙන්නුම් කිරීමට යයි දක්‌වමින් වයසක තැනැත්තාව කැලයට ගෙනගිය තමිලිබන් ඔහුගේ හිසටවෙඩි දෙකක් තබා මරා හිස කපා ඔහු ඇදසිටි කලිසමෙන්ම ඔතා ගස්‌බෙනයකට දමා ඇත.

පසුදින තේක්‌ක කැළයට පැමිණ දර කපන්නන් පිරිසකට ගස් බෙනයක තිබූ එම මිනිස් හිස දැකගන්න ලැබී පොලිසියට දන්වනු ලැබීය. එහෙත් අනතුර තේරුම් ගැනීමට අනුරාධපුර බුද්ධි අංශවලට නොහැකිවිය. හිස කපා ගස් බෙනයක දැමීම බරපතල සිද්ධියක් වූවත් පරීක්‍ෂණ නතරවිය.

මෙම මිනිස් ඝාතනය සිදුකළ කොටි කණ්‌ඩායම තේක්‌ක කැලෑවේ සිට ඔක්‌තෝම්බර් 21 දා නුවර වැව ප්‍රදේශයට පැමිණියහ. මේ වනවිට ප්‍රහාරය එල්ල කරන සැටි කොටි කණ්‌ඩායමේ සිටි ඉලංගෝ විසින් කියාදී තිබුණි.

ඔක්‌තෝම්බර් 22 වැනි අළුයම 1 වන විට තබෝරූබන් ඇතුළු කළුකොටි කණ්‌ඩායම නුවර වැව අසල තිබූ පිට්‌ටනිය හරහා ගුවන් හමුදා කඳවුර ප්‍රදේශයට අවතීර්ණ වී ඇත.

මේවන විට කොටි කණ්‌ඩායම ගුවන් හමුදා කඳවුරට උතුරැ දෙසින් පිහිටි නිවාස තුනක් සමීපයට පැමිණි ත්‍රස්තවාදීන් අසල වත්තේ බිමදිගාවී සිටින අතර කම්බි වැට කපා ඇත්තේ තමාලින්බන්ය. කම්බිවැට ආවරණය කිරීමට තිබූ දැලෙහි තරමක් විශාල සිදුරක් කැපීමෙන් පසු කළු කොටි 18 ක් එතනින් ගුවන් හමුදා කඳවුරු භූමියට ඇතුල් විය. මේ කළුකොටි කණ්‌ඩායම සිරුරු ආවරණ හෙවත් බොඩි ආමර් වලින් සැරසී සිටි බවද හෙලිවිය.

එම කළුකොටි කණ්‌ඩායම භාරව සිටියේ කනිතිරන් නැමැති කොටි බුද්ධි අංශයේ ක්‍රියාකාරියකු බව පසුව හෙලිවිය. කනිතිරන් මෙහිදී තබෝරූබන්ට පවසා ඇත්තේ ජුට්‌ටා සහ සුකලාරසන් සමඟ ආපසු යන ලෙසත් තමා මෙහෙයුම දියත් කරන බවත්ය.

එම උපදෙස් මත තබෝරුවන් ඇතුළු තිදෙනා ආපසු යාමට සැරසෙන අවස්‌ථාවේ ගුවන් හමුදා බංකරයක් තුළින් "කවුද ඔතන ඉන්නේ 'යයි විමසා ඇත.මින් කලබලයට පත්වූ කොටි එම ගුවන් හමුදා බංකරයට ,RPG ප්‍රහාරයක් එල්ලකර එහි සිටි ගුවන් හමුදා භටයා මරා දැමූහ.

මේ ආර්. පී. ජී. ප්‍රහාරය එල්ලවූයේ පාන්දර 3.20 ට පමණය.දෙකට බෙදුනු කොටි කන්ඩායමේ වැඩි පිරිසක් ගුවන් යානා නවතා ඇති අංගන,කදවුරේ ප්‍රධාන ගුවන් ප්‍රහාරක අවිය රදවා ඇති දිශාවට ගමන් කළේය.ඒ වන විට වීමන් නැමැති කළු කොටි ප්‍රධානියාගේ කණ්‌ඩායම ගුවන් හමුදා අංගනය වෙත පැමිණ නතර කර තිබූ MI - 24 ප්‍රහාරක හෙලිකොප්ටරයකට ප්‍රහාර එල්ලකර එය විනාශ කළහ.

වීමන් මේ බව තබෝරවන් සතුව තිබූ පණිවුඩ යන්ත්‍රයට දන්වා තිබුණි.MI-24 හෙලිකොප්ටරය විනාශ කිරීමේ සිද්ධිය තබෝරූබන් විසින් විගස සිය චන්ද්‍රිකා දුරකථනයෙන් තමිල්මාරන් මාස්‌ටර් ගාමාජි කොටි ප්‍රහාර සැලසුම්කරන්නාට දන්වා ඇත. ඇටෑක් එක ආරම්භ වුණා.ෆලයිට් දෙක එවන්න යයි තබෝරූබන් විසින් තමිල්මාරන් මාස්‌ටර්ට ප්‍රකාශ කර තිබේ.ෆලයිට් දෙක යයි ඔහු පවසා ඇත්තේ ස්‌ලින් වර්ගයේ කොටි ගුවන්යානා දෙකටය.

ඒ සමග ගුවන් ධාවන පථය දෙසට ගමන් කල ත්‍රස්තවාදීන් RPG , MPMG අවි වලින් නවතා තිබූ ගුවන් යානා වෙත ප්‍රහාර එල්ල කලේය.එම යානා පුපුරා යද්දී ගුවන් හමුදා සෙබළුන්ද සටනට අවතීර්ණ විය.එවිට ප්‍රධාන ගුවන් යානා නාශක අවිය අත්පත් කරගත් ත්‍රස්තවාදීන් පේනමානයේ තිබූ සියළු ගුවන් යානා වෙත වෙඩි තබන්නට වූහ.

ප්‍රහාර ඇරඹෙත්ම කදවුරේ රේඩාර් පද්ධතිය හා ගුවන් ආරක්ෂක පද්ධතිය භාරව කටයුතු කල පියාසර ලුතිනන් රැවන් විජේරත්න තම භට නිවස්නයේ සිට තම සහයක භටයා වෙඩි ප්‍රහාර එල්ලවන දෙසට නොයන ලෙස පවසද්දීත් රේඩාර් මධ්‍යස්ථානය වෙත දුවඑන අතර ත්‍රස්ත වෙඩි ප්‍රහාරයකට ලක්ව මියගියේය.

මේ අතර ගුවන් පථයට දකුණින් පැමිණ ගුවන් පථය හරහා ගමන් කරන කොටි කන්ඩායමකට ගුවන් සෙබළුන් එල්ල කල ප්‍රහාරයකින් ත්‍රස්තවාදීන් කිහිපදෙනක් මියගිය අතර මරාගෙන මැරෙන බොම්බ කට්ටලයක්ද පුපුරා ගියේය.

තවත් ත්‍රස්තවාදීන් පිරිසක් වම්පසින් නවතා තිබූ PT-06 වර්ගයේ ගුවන් නියමු පුහුණු යානා දෙකකට RPG ප්‍රහාර එල්ල කලේය.එම පිපිරීමෙන් අසල තිබූ යානා කිහිපයකටම අලාභහානි සිදුවිය.දකුණු දෙසින් ආ කොටි කන්ඩායම හෙලිකොප්ටර් අංගනය වෙත කඩාවැදී එල්ල කල RPG ප්‍රහාරයෙන් MI-17 හෙලිකොප්ටරය විනාශ විය.වටිනාම ගුවන් යානය වූ බීච් ක්‍රාෆ්ට් යානය හා K8 ගුවන් යානය විනාශ කලේ ඉන් අනතුරුවය.RPG ප්‍රහාර එල්ල කරමින් ගුවන් යානා විනාශ කල ත්‍රස්තයින් හෙලිකොප්ටර් අංගනයකට දකුණු පසින් වූ බංකරයක් අල්ලා ගත්තේය.

මේ වනවිට අළුයම 4පමණ විය.කොටින්ගේ ගුවන් යානා දෙකක් පැමිණ කදවුරට බෝම්බ හතරක් හෙළුවද ඒවා ඉලක්ක ගත කිරීමට කොටි ගුවන් නියමුවන්ට නොහැකි විය.අවට හමුදා කදවුරැවලින් වලින් එල්ල වූ ගුවන් යානා නාශක අවි ප්‍රහාර වලින්ද ගැලවුන ත්‍රස්තවාදී ගුවන් යානා දෙක නිරැපද්‍රිතව පලා ගියේය.

මේ සිදුවීම අතර BELL-212 හෙලිකොප්ටර් යානයක් වව්නියාව ගුවන් හමුදා කදවුරේ සිට පැමිණෙමින් තිබියදී මිහින්තලේ දොරමඩලාව ප්‍රදේශයේදී විනාශ විය. * (මේ ගැන වෙනම ලිපියකින් විස්තර කිරීමට බලාපොරොත්තු වෙමි.)

විශේෂ බළකායේ කපිතාන් කෝසල විජේකෝන් ගේ අනදීම යටතේ විශේෂ බලකා අටදෙනනගේ කන්ඩායමේ තුනක් WMZ-55B යුධ ටැංකි තුනකින් පැමිණ හෙලිකොප්ටර් යානා අංගනය අසල ත්‍රස්තවාදීන් අල්ලා ගෙන සිටි බංකර තුනට ප්‍රහාර එල්ල කර විනාශ කර දැමීය.සාළියපුර යුධ හමුදා කදවුරේ සෙබළුන් 150ක් පමණ ත්‍රස්ත ප්‍රහාරය මැඩලීමට සහය දැක්වීමට පැමිණ තිබුණේය.

මේ සටන අතර ගුවන් හමුදා කදවුරේ තිබූ කොහොඹ ගසකට නැගගත් කොටි ත්‍රස්තවාදියෙකු එල්ල කල ස්නයිපර් ප්‍රහාරයකින් පියාසර නිලධාරී SR සියබලාපිටිය හා ගජබා කදවුරේ සිට සහායට පැමිණි කෝප්‍රල් රත්නායක දැයෙන් සමුගත්තේය.විශේෂ බලකායේ සෙබළුන් එම ත්‍රස්තවාදියා මරා දැමීය.

🔥 🔥 මෙමෙ ත්‍රස්තවාදී ප්‍රහාරය එල්ලවන අවස්ථාවේ අනුරාධපුර ගුවන් හමුදා කදවුරේ ගිණි නිවාරන අංශයේ සේවයේ නියුතුව සිටි බලපන්ති සැරයන් PARGP අස්වැද්දුම හා කෝප්‍රල් HGND ප්‍රනාන්දු ඇතුළු කන්ඩායම ප්‍රහාරයට ලක්ව ගුවන් යානා අංගනය තුළ ගිනිගනිමින් තිබූ යානා අතර තිබූ බීච් ක්‍රාෆ්ට් යානය ගින්නෙන් විනාශ වීම වලක්වා ලීමට LTTE ත්‍රස්තවාදීන්ගේ වෙඩි ප්‍රහාර වර්ෂාව මධ්‍යයේ දැඩි ප්‍රයත්නයක නිරත විය.

ගිනි නිවන රථය ගිනි ගනිමින් පැවති යානා අසලටම ධාවනය කර ගින්න වියාප්ත වීම වැලැක්වීම සිදුකරමින් සිටියදී බලපන්ති සැරයන් අස්වැද්දුම ත්‍රස්තවාදීයෙකු එල්ල කල ස්නයිපර් ප්‍රහාරයකට ලක්වූ අතර කෝප්‍රල් ප්‍රනාන්දු තමන්ටත් එම ඉරණමම අත්වන බව දැනගෙනම ගුවන් යානා ගින්නෙන් විනාශ වීම වැලැක්වීමට ක්‍රියාකරන ලදී.ඔහුටත් වැඩි වේලාවක් තම රාජකාරිය ඉටු කිරීමට ත්‍රස්තවාදීන් ඉඩ තැබුවේ නැත.ස්නයිපර් ප්‍රහාරයකට ගොදුරු වූ ඔහුද මරුමුවට පත්විය.

උදෑසන 09.45 පමණ වනවිට LTTE ත්‍රස්තවාදීන් සියළුදෙනා මරාදමා ගුවන් කදවුරේ බලය තහවුරු කරගැනීමට හමුදාවනට හැකිවිය.මරාගෙන මැරෙන කොටි ත්‍රස්තවාදීන් හය දෙනෙකු බෝම්බ පුපුරුවාගෙන තිබුනි.

මෙම ප්‍රහාරයට පැමිණි ත්‍රස්තවාදීන් සියළුදෙනා නවීන අවි ආයුධ හා උපකරණ වලින් සන්නද්ධව පැමිණ ඇත.මෙම භාණ්ඩ අතර LTTE සංවිධානයේ කොඩියක්ද තිබී ඇති අතර එය ත්‍රස්තවාදීන් විසින් අනුරාධපුර ගුවන් හමුදා කදවුර අත්පත් කරගැනීමෙන් පසුව කදවුර තුළ එසවීමට ගෙනආ බව අනුමාන කලහැකිය.ප්‍රහාරය අවසන්වන තෙක්ම චන්ද්‍රිකා දුරකථන හරහා වන්නියේ ත්‍රස්ත නායකයින් සමග සම්බන්ධතාවය පවත්වාගෙන ගොස් ඇත.

අනුරාධපුර ගුවන් හමුදා කඳවුර ප්‍රහාරය


Moskoviyum, atom numarası 115 olan süper ağır yapay bir kimyasal elementtir. Daha önceleri Rusya'da yapılan çalışmalarda bulunan ununpentiyum elementi Uluslararası Temel ve Uygulamalı Kimya Birliği (IUPAC) tarafından geçici olarak isimlendirilmişti. Şimdi ise İsveç ve Almanya'da yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda element hakkında daha fazla veri elde edilerek elementin varlığı ispatlandı. Ayrıca Japon bilim insanları da ununpentiyum elde ettiklerini bildirdiler. Kasım 2016 itibarıyla Moskovyum ismini ve 115Mv sembolünü resmi olarak almıştır.

Yarı ömrü saniyeden daha kısa olan ve çok hızlı bir şekilde bozunan radyoaktif bir elementtir. Amerikyum ve kalsiyumun füzyon reaksiyonları sonucu elde edilmektedir. Amerikyumdan yapılan bir tabakanın üzerine gönderilen kalsiyum iyonlarıyla atom çekirdeklerinin çarpıştırılması sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Özellikleri
 Periyodik tablonun 15. grubunda (5A, azot grubu) bulunur.
 Periyodik tablonun 7. periyodunda bulunur.
 Periyodik tablodaki konumu itibarıyla metaldir.

Kaynakça

Elementler
Azot grubu

Moskoviyum


صندوق ليبيا للمساعدات والتنمية هو إحدى المؤسسات التابعة لرئاسة الوزراء، تأسس في شهر مايو من عام 2007 بموجب قرار اللجنة الشعبية العامة (مجلس الوزراء سابقا) رقم 374 لسنة 2007. يعمل على تقديم المساعدة إلى الدول الصديقة والشقيقة في شقيها الإغاثي والتنموي، وتُخصص له موازنات سنوية ضمن ميزانية الدولة.يقع مقره في طرابلس (شارع بن عاشور) ويدار بمجلس إدارة يتكون من رئيس ومدير عام وأربعة أعضاء.

منظمات مقرها في ليبيا

صندوق ليبيا للمساعدات والتنمية في إفريقيا


Cet enfant que je t'avais fait est une chanson interprétée, écrite et composée par Brigitte Fontaine (paroles) et Jacques Higelin (musique), sortie en single (super 45 tours) en 1968, puis rééditée en 1983.

Enregistrement et distribution

Cette œuvre a été enregistrée pour le film Les Encerclés, réalisé par Christian Gion et sorti en 1968. Le disque 45 tours est sorti à l'occasion de la distribution de la bande originale du film.

Cette chanson est le onzième enregistrements de l'album Brigitte Fontaine est… folle !, sorti la même année avec le label Saravah. Cette chanson figure également en première place dans l'album Higelin entre 2 gares, compilation sortie en 2005.

L'enregistrement a été effectué avec peu de moyens. Jacques Higelin interprétait sa musique à la guitare en accompagant Brigitte Fontaine, auteure du texte, le producteur Jean-Claude Vannier les accompagnant à la flûte. Bernard Lubat et Annie Vassiliu, de passage dans le studio, font les chœurs.

Histoire

En 1965, Jacques Higelin rencontre Brigitte Fontaine qui chante au cabaret de l'Écluse. Ils deviennent immédiatement « partenaires artistiques ». Le producteur et découvreur de talent Jacques Canetti leur fait enregistrer pour son label leurs premières œuvres : « La grippe », « Maman, j'ai peur ! », « Priez pour St-Germain-des-Près ». En 1967, pour le film Les Encerclés, le couple interprète Cet enfant que je t'avais fait sur des paroles de Fontaine et une musique d'Higelin avec des arrangements de Jean-Claude Vannier, alors âgé de moins de 25 ans. La chanson est éditée sur un 45 tours publié chez AZ, avant d'être également distribuée sur le label Saravah que l'auteur-compositeur-interprète Pierre Barouh vient de créer.

Analyse
Le texte commence par ses trois vers qui présente donc, dès la première strophe, le contexte et le thème de fond de la chanson :<center>
« Cet enfant que je t'avais fait
Pas le premier mais le second
Te souviens-tu ? »

C'est Brigitte Fontaine qui a en a écrit les paroles illustrant les difficultés à se comprendre entre un homme qui s'interroge sur un enfant qui n'est pas venu et une femme.

Le texte de la chanson tourne autour d'une sorte de dialogue de sourds (les deux protagonistes s'expriment en parallèle, sans s'entendre, avec une certaine opposition, il la tutoie, elle le vouvoie.

La musique, principalement interprétée à la guitare, est de facture classique, l'ambiance qui s'en dégage restant assez troublante, notamment en raison de l'apparent détachement de la femme qui ne répond pas (ou ne veut pas répondre) aux questions de l'homme sur ce qu'est devenu leur enfant.

Reprises
Cette chanson a été reprise cinq fois entre 2005 et 2016 : Françoise Hardy et Rodolphe Burger en 2005, Camille et Jacques Higelin en 2014, Alone and me et Franco Mannara ainsi que Camélia Jordana et Raphaële Lannadère en 2015.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Saravah
 Chronologie du droit relatif à la contraception et de l'avortement en France

Lien externe
 Enregistrement original de la chanson sur Youtube

Chanson interprétée par Jacques Higelin
Single musical sorti en 1968

Cet enfant que je t'avais fait


Beaverdell est une municipalité située dans la province de la  Colombie-Britannique, dans le District régional de Kootenay Boundary.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Municipalité en Colombie-Britannique

Beaverdell


Die Eishockeynationalmannschaft Argentiniens ist eine Auswahl argentinischer Spieler, die von der Asociación Argentina de Hockey sobre Hielo y en Línea bestimmt werden, um das Land auf internationaler Ebene zu repräsentieren.

Geschichte
Eine Delegation der Asociación Argentina de Hockey sobre Hielo y en Línea, die sich seit ihrer Gründung hauptsächlich auf Inlinehockey konzentriert hatte, nahm vom 7. bis zum 21. Februar 2012 an einem Trainingslager in Mexiko teil. Dort bestritt man neben einem Testspiel gegen eine Vereinsmannschaft zudem fünf Testspiele gegen mexikanische Auswahlmannschaften. Zunächst besiegte Argentinien die Vereinsmannschaft Aztecas mit 7:6. Gegen die mexikanische U18-Nationalmannschaft gewann man mit 4:2 und 3:0, ehe man das dritte Spiel mit 0:2 verlor. In seinen ersten beiden Länderspielen gegen die international bereits etablierte Herren-Nationalmannschaft Mexikos unterlag Argentinien deutlich mit 1:5 und 1:10.

Im März 2014 nahm Argentinien am erstmals ausgetragenen Pan-Amerikanischen Eishockeyturnier teil. Im Turnierverlauf gelang der erste Länderspielsieg Argentiniens beim 5:3 über Brasilien. Argentinien belegte schließlich den vierten Platz nach einem 1:9 im Spiel um Platz drei gegen Kolumbien.

Weitere Teilnahmen am Pan-American Tournament folgten 2015, 2016 und 2017, wobei 2017 Argentinien die Bronzemedaille gewann. Darüber hinaus nimmt Argentinien seit 2018 am Latam-Cup teil, der jedoch kein offizielles IIHF-Turnier ist. 2023 folgte die erste Teilnahme am IIHF Development Cup in Bratislava, bei dem das Nationalteam den zweiten Platz belegte.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website des nationalen Eis- und Inlinehockeyverbandes (spanisch)
 Argentinien bei nationalteamsoficehockey.com (englisch)

Eishockeynationalmannschaft (Männer)
Eishockey (Argentinien)
Eishockey

Argentinische Eishockeynationalmannschaft


Dmytro Ivanovytch Kouleba (en ), né le 19 avril 1981 à Soumy est un homme d'État ukrainien, diplomate et spécialiste des communications, ministre des Affaires étrangères depuis 2020.

Il est également membre du Conseil de défense et de sécurité nationale d'Ukraine. Il est l'un des plus jeunes diplomates de haut niveau de l'histoire de l'Ukraine. Il a précédemment travaillé comme vice-Premier ministre ukrainien pour l'intégration européenne et euro-atlantique, ainsi que comme représentant permanent de l'Ukraine auprès du Conseil de l'Europe entre 2016 et 2019.

Biographie
Dmytro Kouleba est né le 19 avril 1981 à Soumy, dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Il est diplômé de l'Institut des relations internationales de l'université nationale Taras-Chevtchenko de Kiev en 2003 et est titulaire d'un diplôme de candidat en sciences (équivalent d'un doctorat) en droit international. Il sert dans le service diplomatique ukrainien et au ministère des Affaires étrangères depuis 2003. En 2013, il abandonne la fonction publique en invoquant son désaccord avec l'ancien président ukrainien Viktor Ianoukovitch, et a présidé la Fondation UART pour la diplomatie culturelle.

Il prend une part active aux manifestations d'Euromaïdan en 2013-2014.

Au plus fort des premières étapes de l'agression russe contre l'Ukraine en 2014, Dmytro Kouleba décide de retourner au ministère des Affaires étrangères en tant qu'ambassadeur itinérant pour lancer des communications stratégiques. Il introduit les concepts de diplomatie numérique, de communications stratégiques, de diplomatie culturelle et de diplomatie publique dans les travaux du ministère.

En 2016, il est nommé Représentant permanent de l'Ukraine auprès du Conseil de l'Europe. D'août 2019 à mars 2020, il est vice-Premier ministre chargé de l'intégration européenne et euro-atlantique de l'Ukraine. Il est ministre des Affaires étrangères de l'Ukraine depuis le 4 mars 2020.

Il dénonce des viols par des soldats russes pendant l'invasion de l'Ukraine en 2022.

Vie privée
Dmytro Kouleba a écrit un best-seller La guerre pour la réalité : comment gagner dans le monde des faux, des vérités et des communautés (2019) sur les communications modernes, l'éducation aux médias et la lutte contre la désinformation. En décembre 2017, il est nommé meilleur ambassadeur ukrainien de l'année 2017 par l'Institute of World Policy.

Famille
La mère de Dmytro Kouleba est Yevhenia Kouleba. Son père, Ivan Kouleba, est diplomate de carrière, ancien vice-ministre des Affaires étrangères de l'Ukraine (2003-2004), ainsi qu'ambassadeur d'Ukraine en Égypte (1997-2000), en République tchèque (2004-2009), au Kazakhstan (2008-2019) puis en Arménie (depuis 2019).

L'épouse de Dmytro Kouleba, Yevhenia, était numéro 1 sur la liste du parti pour le conseil municipal de Kiev du parti Serviteur du peuple lors des élections locales de 2020 à Kiev le 25 octobre 2020. Elle est adjointe au conseil municipal de Kiev, secrétaire du comité permanent du conseil municipal de Kiev sur la politique environnementale.

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Gouvernement Hontcharouk
 Gouvernement Chmyhal
 Liste des ministres des Affaires étrangères

Liens externes

 Gouvernement Honcharouk : qui a rejoint le Cabinet des ministres ?
 Rencontrez les ministres : ce que nous savons du nouveau cabinet ukrainien, Hromadske. la télé

Ministre ukrainien des Affaires étrangères
Vice-Premier ministre de l'Ukraine
Ambassadeur ukrainien
Étudiant de l'université nationale Taras-Chevtchenko de Kiev
Professeur à l'université nationale Taras-Chevtchenko de Kiev
Naissance en avril 1981
Naissance à Soumy

Dmytro Kouleba


بلدية أيير (بالإسبانية: Aller) هي بلدية تقع في منطقة أستورياس شمال غرب إسبانيا.

الديموغرافيا
بلغ عدد سكان بلدية أيير 12.324 نسمة عام 2011 (وفقاً للمعهد الوطني للإحصاء الإسباني).

مراجع

مصادر
  الموقع الرسمي لبلدية أيير

بلديات أشتورية
أبرشيات في ألر

أيير (أستورياس)


بلدية أباجاس ، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برغش، التي تقع في منطقة قشتالة وليون، والتي تقع في شمال غرب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 55 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2002).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة برغش
بلديات برغش

أباجاس


"God of the gaps" is a theological concept that emerged in the 19th century and revolves around the idea that gaps in scientific understanding are regarded as indications of the existence of God. This perspective has its origins in the observation that some individuals, often with religious inclinations, point to areas where science falls short in explaining natural phenomena as opportunities to insert the presence of a divine creator. The term itself was coined in response to this tendency. This theological view suggests that God fills in the gaps left by scientific knowledge, and that these gaps represent moments of divine intervention or influence.

However, this concept has been met with criticism and debate from various quarters. Detractors argue that this perspective is problematic as it seems to rely on gaps in human understanding and ignorance to make its case for the existence of God. As scientific knowledge continues to advance, these gaps tend to shrink, potentially weakening the argument for God's existence. Critics contend that such an approach can undermine religious beliefs by suggesting that God only operates in the unexplained areas of our understanding, leaving little room for divine involvement in a comprehensive and coherent worldview.

Moreover, the "God of the gaps" perspective has been criticized for its association with logical fallacies, specifically the argument from ignorance fallacy. This fallacy asserts that just because something is not currently explained by science, it must be attributed to a supernatural cause. This type of reasoning is seen as inherently flawed and does not provide a robust foundation for religious faith. In this context, some theologians and scientists have proposed that a more satisfactory approach is to view evidence of God's actions within the natural processes themselves, rather than relying on the gaps in scientific understanding to validate religious beliefs.

Origins of the term
From the 1880s, Friedrich Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Part Two, "On Priests", said "... into every gap they put their delusion, their stopgap, which they called God".
The concept, although not the exact wording, goes back to Henry Drummond, a 19th-century evangelist lecturer, from his 1893 Lowell Lectures on The Ascent of Man. He chastises those Christians who point to the things that Science has not explained as presence of God — "gaps which they will fill up with God" — and urges them to embrace all nature as God's, as the work of "an immanent God, which is the God of Evolution, is infinitely grander than the occasional wonder-worker, who is the God of an old theology."

In 1933, Ernest Barnes, the Bishop of Birmingham, used the phrase in a discussion of general relativity's implication of a Big Bang:

During World War II the German theologian and martyr Dietrich Bonhoeffer expressed the concept in similar terms in letters he wrote while in a Nazi prison. Bonhoeffer wrote, for example:

In his 1955 book Science and Christian Belief Charles Alfred Coulson (1910−1974) wrote:

and

Coulson was a mathematics professor at Oxford University as well as a Methodist church leader, often appearing in the religious programs of British Broadcasting Corporation. His book got national attention, was reissued as a paperback, and was reprinted several times, most recently in 1971.
It is claimed that the actual phrase 'God of the gaps' was invented by Coulson.

The term was then used in a 1971 book and a 1978 article, by Richard Bube. He articulated the concept in greater detail in Man come of Age: Bonhoeffer's Response to the God-of-the-Gaps (1978). Bube attributed modern crises in religious faith in part to the inexorable shrinking of the God-of-the-gaps as scientific knowledge progressed. As humans progressively increased their understanding of nature, the previous "realm" of God seemed to many persons and religions to be getting smaller and smaller by comparison. Bube maintained that Darwin's Origin of Species was the "death knell" of the God-of-the-gaps. Bube also maintained that the God-of-the-gaps was not the same as the God of the Bible (that is, he was not making an argument against God per se, but rather asserting there was a fundamental problem with the perception of God as existing in the gaps of present-day knowledge).

General usage
The term "God of the gaps" is sometimes used in describing the incremental retreat of religious explanations of physical phenomena in the face of increasingly comprehensive scientific explanations for those phenomena. Dorothy Dinnerstein includes psychological explanations for developmental distortions leading to a person believing in a deity, particularly a male deity.

R. Laird Harris writes of the physical science aspect of this:
The expression, "God of the Gaps," contains a real truth. It is erroneous if it is taken to mean that God is not immanent in natural law but is only to be observed in mysteries unexplained by law. No significant Christian group has believed this view. It is true, however, if it be taken to emphasize that God is not only immanent in natural law but also is active in the numerous phenomena associated with the supernatural and the spiritual. There are gaps in a physical-chemical explanation of this world, and there always will be. Because science has learned many marvelous secrets of nature, it cannot be concluded that it can explain all phenomena. Meaning, soul, spirits, and life are subjects incapable of physical-chemical explanation or formation.

Usage in referring to a type of argument

The term God-of-the-gaps fallacy can refer to a position that assumes an act of God as the explanation for an unknown phenomenon, which according to the users of the term, is a variant of an argument from ignorance fallacy. Such an argument is sometimes reduced to the following form:
There is a gap in understanding of some aspect of the natural world.
Therefore, the cause must be supernatural.
One example of such an argument, which uses God as an explanation of one of the current gaps in biological science, is as follows:
"Because current science can't figure out exactly how life started, it must be God who caused life to start." Critics of intelligent design creationism, for example, have accused proponents of using this basic type of argument.

God-of-the-gaps arguments have been discouraged by some theologians who assert that such arguments tend to relegate God to the leftovers of science: as scientific knowledge increases, the dominion of God decreases.

Criticism
The term was invented as a criticism of people who perceive that God only acts in the gaps, and who restrict God's activity to such "gaps". It has also been argued that the God-of-the-gaps view is predicated on the assumption that any event which can be explained by science automatically excludes God; that if God did not do something via direct action, that he had no role in it at all.

The "God of the gaps" argument, as traditionally advanced by scholarly Christians, was intended as a criticism against weak or tenuous faith, not as a statement against theism or belief in God.

According to John Habgood in The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology, the phrase is generally derogatory, and is inherently a direct criticism of a tendency to postulate acts of God to explain phenomena for which science has not (at least at present) given a satisfactory account. Habgood also states:

It is theologically more satisfactory to look for evidence of God's actions within natural processes rather than apart from them, in much the same way that the meaning of a book transcends, but is not independent of, the paper and ink of which it is comprised.

It has been criticized by both theologians and scientists, who say that it is a logical fallacy to base belief in God on gaps in scientific knowledge. In this vein, Richard Dawkins, an atheist, dedicates a chapter of his book The God Delusion to criticism of the God-of-the-gaps argument. He noted that:

See also
 The Challenge of Creation
 Deus ex machina
 Miracles (book)
 Non-overlapping magisteria
 Watchmaker analogy

References

Bibliography
 Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997 () "Letter to Eberhard Bethge", 29 May 1944, pages 310–312.
 Richard H. Bube, "Man Come of Age: Bonhoeffer's Response to the God-Of-The-Gaps," Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, volume 14 fall (1971), pages 203–220.
 C. A. Coulson, Science and Christian Belief (The John Calvin McNair Lectures, 1954), London: Oxford University Press, 1955. Page 20, see also page 28.
 Henry Drummond, The Lowell Lectures on the Ascent of Man, Glasgow: Hodder and Stoughton, 1904 (Chapter 10, containing the relevant text).

External links

 Miracles, Intelligent Design, and God-of-the-Gaps (PDF)
 Skeptical Christian: God of the Gaps?

Arguments for the existence of God
Religion and science

God of the gaps


المفكر  عبارة عن تمثال من الرخام والبرونز للنحات الفرنسي أوغوست رودان. التمثال موجود في متحف رودين في باريس. يصور التمثال رجلاً متأملاً يتصارع في دخيلة نفسه مع أفكار عميقة. غالباً ما يمثل التمثال الفلسفة.
تمثال المفكر مصنوع من البرونز وموضوع على قاعدة حجرية. يصور التمثال رجلاً عارياً يجلس على صخرة، ويسند ذقنه بإحدى يديه ليبدو غارقاً في التفكير، يستخدم عادةً كصورة لتمثيل الفلسفة. ثمة 28 نسخة بنفس الحجم من التمثال نفسه يبلغ ارتفاع كل منها 186 سم، لكنها لم تُصنَع كلّها خلال فترة حياة ردوان، ولم تُصنع بإشرافه. كما توجد العديد من النسخ الأخرى مصنوعة من الجص وبأحجامٍ مختلفة. كان تصوّر رودان الأول لهذا العمل كجزءٍ من عمله «بوابات جهنم» الذي كلّف به عام 1880، لكن أول المسبوكات البرونزية الضخمة المألوفة منه ظهرت عام 1904.

مراجع

تاريخ فرنسا
دانتي أليغييري
منحوتات 1902
منحوتات أوغوست رودان
منحوتات برونزية في الولايات المتحدة
منحوتات خارجية في سان فرانسيسكو
منحوتات في فرنسا
منحوتات متحف رودين

المفكر (منحوتة)


ممثل ومخرج مسرحي مصري، من مواليد 10 نوفمبر 1944 عمل بالسينما من أعماله في التليفزيون «نسر الشرق»1997 «ام كلثوم» 2000 «امانة ياليل» «زينات والثلاث بنات» من المسرحيات التي

من أعماله

أفلام

مسلسلات

روابط خارجية

مصادر

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ممثلون مصريون في القرن 20
مواليد 1363 هـ
مواليد 1944
ممثلون مصريون في القرن 21
محمد أبو داوود
مخرجون مسرحيون مصريون
ممثلو أفلام مصريون
ممثلو تلفزيون مصريون
ممثلو مسرح مصريون

محمد أبو داوود


Kenya Matsui (født 10. september 1985) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Mito HollyHock.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kenya Matsui


نادي ستاد ابيدجان نادي كرة قدم عاجي يلعب في دوري الدرجة الممتازة.

المراجع

أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1936
أندية كرة قدم في أبيدجان
تأسيسات سنة 1936 في ساحل العاج
أندية رياضية في ساحل العاج

نادي ستاد أبيدجان


Taylor est une municipalité de district située dans la province de la Colombie-Britannique, dans le nord-est.

Notes et références

Municipalité en Colombie-Britannique

Taylor (Colombie-Britannique)


Tryghed er en psykologisk tilstand karakteriseret ved fraværet af angst.

Det er et skandinavisk koncept (svensk: trygghet), som ikke har nogen direkte oversættelse til andre sprog. Begrebet "Psychological Safety" er i et erhvervspsykologisk perspektiv omtrent synonymt.
Det er et kernekoncept i dansk kultur, selvom det ikke blev valgt ind i Danmarkskanonen, omend de relaterede begreber hygge og tillid blev valgt ind.

Det indgår i formålsparagraffen for danske dagtilbud i Dagtilbudsloven:
§7 Stk.2 Dagtilbud skal i samarbejde med forældrene give børn omsorg og understøtte det enkelte barns alsidige udvikling og selvværd samt bidrage til, at børn får en god og tryg opvækst.

Måling af tryghed
Trygfonden foretager med jævne mellemrum spørgeskemabaserede tryghedsmålinger og konstaterede ved seneste måling i 2015, at trygheden ifølge fondens metode har været jævnt faldende siden 2004.

Københavns Kommune har siden 2009 årligt foretaget målinger af trygheden i kommunen og fundet denne jævnt stigende, omend den er faldet i 2017.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 "Tryghed" i Ordbog over det danske Sprog hos Ordnet.dk

Livskvalitet

Tryghed


Monaco participe aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022 à Pékin en Chine du 4 au . Il s'agit de sa onzième participation à des Jeux d'hiver.

C'est le skieur Arnaud Alessandria qui a été désigné comme porte-drapeau

Athlètes engagés

Résultats

Bobsleigh

Le pilote Rudy Rinaldi associé au pousseur Boris Vain constitue l'équipage qui se classe 32 au terme de la saison 2021-2022 en coupe du monde, suffisant aux jeux des quotas maximum par comité national pour prétendre à une participation. Un troisième bobeur s'envolera pour Pékin avec Anthony Rinaldi comme remplaçant.

L'équipage finit à une honorable 6 place

Ski alpin

Arnaud Alessandria parvient à décrocher un quota  en déscente et en super-G. Ce sera sa deuxième participation, il avait fini 29 de la descente aux Jeux olympiques de Sotchi en 2014.

Références

Liens externes
 Monaco sur le site du CIO

Monaco
2022
Sport à Monaco en 2022

Monaco aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022


Alfredas Pekeliūnas (* 9. März 1948 in Rokiškis) ist ein litauischer Agrarunternehmer und Politiker, Mitglied  des Seimas, Parlamentsvizepräsident  (2004–2008).

Werdegang
Nach dem Abitur 1966 an der 1. Mittelschule Šilutė absolvierte er 1970 das Diplomstudium an der Lietuvos veterinarijos akademija und wurde Zootechniker. 1975 promovierte er zum Thema "Wissenschaftliche Organisation der Arbeit in großen Milchviehbetrieben" (lit. Darbo mokslinis organizavimas stambiose karvių fermose). 1989 absolvierte er Sozialpsychologie an der Parteihochschule der KPdSU in Leningrad und  1999 das Studium an Kauno tarptautinė aukštoji vadybos mokykla.

Von 1970 bis 1971 leistete er den Sowjetarmeedienst in Baranawitschy im Westen von Belarus. Von 1979 bis 2000 leitete er "Krekenavos agrofirma" als Generaldirektor. Von 2000 bis 2004 war er Bürgermeister der Rajongemeinde Panevėžys, von 2004 bis 2008 Mitglied des Seimas.

Er ist Gründer und ab 2000  Verbandspräsident der Litauischen Schweineerzeugergemeinschaft.

Quelle

Stellvertretender Vorsitzender des Seimas
Mitglied des Europaausschusses (Litauen)
Mitglied des Gesundheitsausschusses (Litauen)
Mitglied des Umweltschutzausschusses (Litauen)
Mitglied des Auditausschusses (Litauen)
Mitglied des Ausschusses für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur (Litauen)
Bürgermeister (Rajongemeinde Panevėžys)
Unternehmer (Panevėžys)
Unternehmer (Rajongemeinde Rokiškis)
Absolvent der Litauischen Veterinärakademie
Unternehmer (Landwirtschaft)
Verbandsfunktionär (Litauen)
Person (Vikonda)
KPdSU-Mitglied
LVŽS-Mitglied
Litauer
Geboren 1948
Mann
Sowjetbürger
Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Seimas-Mitglied (21. Jahrhundert)
Zootechniker (Litauische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik)

Alfredas Pekeliūnas


شركة الإعلام الأوروبية المركزية  هي شركة مشغلة لمحطات التلفزيون في أوروبا الشرقية. تأسست الشركة عام 1994 من طرف رجل الأعمال الأمريكي رونالد لودر، وتتخذ من برمودا مقرا لها.

قائمة المحطات التلفزيونية التي تشترك معها الشركة

بلغاريا
 تلفزيون 2 (80%)
 تلفزيون رينغ (80%)

كرواتيا
 تلفزيون نوفا

رومانيا
 تلفزيون أكاسا
 تلفزيون برو
 تلفزيون برو الدولي
 تلفزيون برو سينما
 برو ارينا

سلوفاكيا
 تلفزيون ماركيزا
 غالاكسي رياضة

سلوفينيا
 تلفزيون البوب
 قناة أ

جمهورية التشيك
 تلفزيون نوفا
 غالاكسي رياضة

أوكرانيا
 استوديو 1+1
 1+1 الدولية
 سينما (إرسال تلفزيوني)
 سيتي

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي

سينماكس
شبكات تلفزيونية رومانية
شركات أدرجت سابقا في بورصة ناسداك
شركات إعلامية أسست في 1991
شركات تلفزة
شركات في برمودا
شركات مدرجة في بورصة ناسداك
عمليات الدمج والاستحواذ 2020

مركز شركة الإعلام الأوروبية


Le Centre d'art contemporain Frank Popper est situé à Marcigny, dans le Charolais-Brionnais, en bord de Loire.
Il est implanté dans les bâtiments de l'ancien prieuré daté du  (site clunisien).

Le centre d'art a été créé en 2005 par Franz Spath, médecin et artiste et Georges Silva, universitaire.

Le centre réalise des expositions internationales (grâce à de nombreux partenaires étrangers), et des résidences d'artistes. C'est aussi un centre de formation à la médiation culturelle et un centre de ressources (publications, conférences, accueil de chercheurs).

Historique

Le bâtiment
Il s'agit à l'origine d'un prieuré fondé au onzième siècle par Saint Hugues, Hugues de Semur, abbé de Cluny.
Après la révolution, le bâtiment fut converti en relai de poste, puis en restaurant, et enfin en dépôt d'épicerie en gros, avant de devenir, début vingt et unième siècle, un centre d'art.

Le centre d'art contemporain
Depuis 2005, le Centre d'art contemporain Frank Popper est un lieu d'exposition, d'accueil et de recherche. Il dispose depuis 2006 d'une collection d'œuvres et du fond bibliographique légués par le professeur Frank Popper (1918-2020).

En 2006, Frank Popper, universitaire et , organisateur d'expositions, fait donation d'une trentaine d'œuvres historiques de l'art optique, lumino-cinétique et informatique des années 60/80. La conservation et la présentation de cet ensemble unique d'œuvres internationales s'inscrit dans la continuité de l'implication de Frank Popper pour la création d'avant-garde de son temps ainsi qu'à son attachement à un art participatif tel qu'il est défendu dans son ouvrage, devenu aujourd'hui un grand classique : Art, Action et Participation qui, dès 1975, met le public au cœur de la création artistique.

Le Centre d'art contemporain Frank Popper agrandit régulièrement sa collection et crée des expositions et des événements. Ceux-ci présentent notamment au public des œuvres d'artistes en relation avec les formes historiques ou actuelles de l'art construit tel Carlos Cruz-Diez, Julio Le Parc, , Vasarely, Jésus Soto, François Morelet, ou Lussigny, entre autres. Il promeut également de nombreux artistes actuels en fonction notamment de leur engagement social ou politique comme Eva Ducret, par exemple.

Le Centre d'art est géré par une double structure associative : l'association « Centre d'art contemporain Frank Popper » qui est chargée des projets, expositions, commissariats, publications, formations et l'association « Amis du Centre d'Art Contemporain Frank Popper » qui s'occupe de la gestion, des finances, et assure au centre d'art un fonctionnement transparent et citoyen.
Le tout s'accompagne du Fonds de dotation « Centre d'art contemporain Frank Popper ».

Activité

Vocation
Le Centre d'art contemporain Frank Popper souhaite sensibiliser un vaste public à l'art contemporain et offrir aux spécialistes un lieu d'accueil (artistes en résidences, formations initiales et universitaires d'étudiants travaillant sur l'art contemporain).

Différents projets et événements sont déployés afin d'impliquer la population locale, notamment des ateliers pédagogiques, systématiquement proposés en lien avec chaque exposition, destinés aux plus jeunes.

Au Centre d'art, tous les visiteurs sont accueillis par des médiateurs culturels, particulièrement le jeune public (avec un partenariat avec la Délégation académique à l'action culturelle) et le public en difficulté́ (Centre labellisé Tourisme et Handicap).

Expositions
 2006 et 2008
Concepteur et co-organisateur des Biennales internationales de Marcigny.
 2007 et 2010
Organisateur des Symposiums internationaux de sculptures monumentales de Matour.
 2008
Carlos Cruz-Diez - La couleur dans l'espace.
 2009
Art optique et lumino-cinétique, Collection Frank Popper.
 2010
Art informatique et virtuel collection Frank Popper.
L'or des Rivières.
Design sur porcelaine.
 2011
Françoise Mussel.
Michel Lefèvre.
Vasarely - connu et inconnu.
Couleur et Géométrie.
 2012
Charles Spiessert.
Claude Loewer.
Venezuela en Arts.
Lieux-dits Eva Ducret.
 2013
Mouvements & Lumières.
 2014
Le CAC FP : Invité d'honneur au salon « Art Élysées"".
Le CAC FP Loves you.
 2015
Accrochage I.
 2016
Accrochage II.
 2017
L'Art - Sens de la vie, coll. Renate Trettin.
Ways of Seeing.
 2018
Axis Mundi-Eva Ducret et Alexandra Engelfriet.
 2019
Ensemble - Bernadette et Gilles Deschamps.
 2020
Multitude-Singularités - Écho sociétal.
 2021
Lussigny à Marcigny Rétrospective de Guy de Lussigny.

Publications
 La couleur dans l'espace, Franz Spath et Georges Silva, Carlos Cruz-Diez, Éditions CAC Frank Popper, 2008.
 Œuvres optiques et lumino-cinétiques, Collection Frank Popper. Volume 1, Franz Spath et Georges Silva, Éditions CAC Frank Popper, 2009.
 Œuvres optiques et lumino-cinétiques, Collection Frank Popper. Volume 2, Franz Spath et Georges Silva,  Éditions CAC Frank Popper, 2010.
 Couleur et Géométrie – actualité de l'art construit européen, 2011 – en collaboration avec les musées de Sens, Franz Spath et Georges Silva,  Ouvrage trilingue (français, deutsch, english), Éditions CAC Frank Popper, 2011.
 Mouvements & Lumières, Franz Spath et Georges Silva, Éditions CAC Frank Popper, 2013.
 Le CAC FP : Invité d'honneur au salon « Art Élysées », Franz Spath et Georges Silva, Éditions CAC Frank Popper, 2014.
 Sens de la vie, Kunst – Sinn des Lebens. Donation Renate Trettin, Franz Spath et Georges Silva L'Art - Éditions CAC Frank Popper, 2017.
 Lussigny à Marcigny, Franz Spath et Georges Silva Éditions CAC Frank Popper, 2021.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Écrire sur l'art : De l'art optique a l'art virtuel, L'Harmattan 2007
 (en-US) Frank Popper interviewé [archive] par Joseph Nechvatal, 2005
 Naissance de l'art cinétique, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1967
 (en-US) Origins and Development of Kinetic Art, Studio Vista et New York Graphic Society, 1968
 (it) L'Arte cinetica, Einaudi, Turin, 1970
 (de) Die Kinetische Kunst-Licht und Bewegung, Umweltkunst und Aktion, Dumont Schauberg, 1975
 Le Déclin de l'objet, Le Chêne, 1975
 (en-US) Art, Action and Participation, Studio Vista et New York University Press, 1975
 (en-US) Agam monographie, Abrams, New York, 1976
 Art, action et participation : l'artiste et la créativité aujourd'hui, Klincksieck, 1980
 Réflexions sur l'exil, l'art et l'Europe : Entretiens avec Aline Dallier, Klincksieck 1998

Article connexe
 Frank Popper

Notes et références

Liens externes

 http://www.cac-frank-popper.fr/index.html
 http://www.cruz-diez.com/news/web-press/2012/marcigny-la-venezuelienne.html
 https://www.journal-officiel.gouv.fr/associations/detail-annonce/associations_b/20190025/722
 https://marcigny.fr/le-centre-dart-contemporain-frank-popper
 http://www.adacb.org/fichiers/divers/Centre-Ar-Co-Frank-Popper-Presentation.pdf
 https://www.cnap.fr/la-route-de-lart-en-charolais-brionnais-2010
 https://www.cnap.fr/annuaire/personne/laurent-debraux
 https://www.arteinformado.com/guia/o/centre-d-art-contemporain-frank-popper-117896
 http://www.medias71.eu/visite-musee-frank-popper-marcigny/
 https://www.indiaserena.com/venezuela-en-arts-2/
 https://www.connaissancedesarts.com/arts-expositions/art-elysees-8e-edition-114433/
 http://www.lacritiqueparisienne.fr/68/marcigny.pdf
 https://www.lejsl.com/pays-charolais/2011/04/12/une-annee-riche-en-engagements
 http://www.institut-fuer-bildnerisches-denken.de/
 http://www.countune.com/countune.php?search-number=42895
 https://www.eluniversal.com/entretenimiento/74898/julio-pacheco-rivas-los-que-estamos-fuera-de-venezuela-tambien-estamos-en-el-laberinto
 https://71.agendaculturel.fr/centre-d-art-contemporain-frank-popper
 https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/IA71001761

Centre d'art contemporain
Atelier d'artiste en France
Art en Saône-et-Loire

Centre d'art contemporain Frank Popper


The Borough of Fylde is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. It covers part of the Fylde plain, after which it is named. The council's headquarters are in St Annes. The borough also contains the towns of Kirkham, Lytham and Wesham and surrounding villages and rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Blackpool, Wyre, Preston, South Ribble and West Lancashire.

History
The district was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, covering the area of three former districts, which were all abolished at the same time:
Fylde Rural District
Kirkham Urban District
Lytham St Annes Municipal Borough
The district was named Fylde after the coastal plan. It was awarded borough status from its creation, allowing the chair of the council to take the title of mayor.

The coat of arms of the borough bear the motto of the former Fylde Rural District Council, "Gaudeat Ager" from Psalm 96: 'Let the field (Fylde) be joyful' - "Let Fylde Prosper". The armorial bearings comprise a complete Achievement of Arms, that is - shield, crest and helm and mantling, supporters, badge and motto. They reflect the union of the three local authorities in the area: Lytham St Annes Borough Council, Kirkham Urban District Council and Fylde Rural District Council.

Governance

Fylde Borough Council, which styles itself "Fylde Council", provides district-level services. County-level services are provided by Lancashire County Council. Most of the borough is also covered by civil parishes, which form a third tier of local government.

Political control
The council has been under Conservative majority control since 2003.

The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities before coming into its powers on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council since 1974 has been as follows:

Leadership
The role of mayor is largely ceremonial in Fylde. Political leadership is instead provided by the leader of the council. The leaders since 2010 have been:

Composition
Following the 2023 election, the composition of the council was:

The Liberal Democrats and 12 of the 14 independent councillors sit together as the "Independent and Liberal Democrats" group. The other two independents are not aligned to any group. The next election is due in 2027.

Elections

Since the last boundary changes in 2023 the council has comprised 37 councillors, representing 17 wards, with each ward electing one, two or three councillors. Elections are held every four years.

Premises
The council is based at Lytham St Annes Town Hall on South Promenade in St Annes. The building was originally a hotel called Southdown Hydro, but was bought in 1925 to serve as a town hall following the merger of the districts of St Annes and Lytham in 1922 to become Lytham St Annes.

Some council departments, including the planning department and an office of the Registrar, were previously located at the former Fylde Rural District Council offices on Derby Road in Wesham, but in 2007 the council vacated this office. It was then used by the NHS North Lancashire Primary Care Trust until around 2013. The building has since been demolished and replaced by a new housing development.

Settlements

Civil parishes

There are 15 civil parishes in Fylde. The parish councils of Kirkham, Medlar-with-Wesham and St Annes-on-the-Sea have declared their parishes to be towns, allowing them to take the style "town council".

Bryning-with-Warton
Elswick
Freckleton
Greenhalgh-with-Thistleton
Kirkham
Little Eccleston-with-Larbreck
Medlar-with-Wesham
Newton-with-Clifton
Ribby-with-Wrea
St Annes-on-the-Sea
Singleton
Staining
Treales, Roseacre and Wharles
Weeton-with-Preese
Westby-with-Plumptons
Lytham is unparished.

References

Local government in the Borough of Fylde
Non-metropolitan districts of Lancashire
Boroughs in England

Borough of Fylde


Aleksandras Dambrauskas (en polonais : Dombrowski ou Dąbrowski), né le  à  et mort le  à Kaunas, connu sous le pseudonyme d'Adomas Jakštas, et en espéranto comme Aleksandro Dombrovski, est un prêtre puis prélat catholique et espérantiste lituanien. Ayant appris l'espéranto l'année de sa création, il est le premier espérantiste lituanien connu et un pionnier de l'espéranto en Lituanie.

Biographie

Jeunesse
Aleksandras Dambrauskas nait le  à . Ses parents sont Andrius Dambrauskas et Kotryna Vaičiūnaitė et sont paysans sur un parcelle de dix hectares. Il apprend le lituanien avec son oncle, et ce, secrètement, car l'apprentissage du lituanien est interdit.

Entre 1872 et 1880, il étudie au gymnasium de Šiauliai. Il s'intéresse particulièrement aux mathématiques et à des problèmes comme la quadrature du cercle ou la trisection de l'angle. Entre 1880 et 1881, il étudie les mathématiques à l'université de Saint-Pétersbourg. En 1881, il abandonne les mathématiques et apprend la théologie au  jusqu'en 1884, année durant laquelle il rejoint l'académie de théologie de Saint-Pétersbourg pour se perfectionner en théologie. Il termine ses études en 1888, obtient une maitrise en théologie et est ordonné prêtre catholique.

En 1887, encore étudiant à Saint-Pétersbourg, il apprend l'existence de l'espéranto. Il envoie une carte postale à Louis-Lazare Zamenhof, initiateur de la langue, avec la promesse d'apprendre au plus vite l'espéranto. Une semaine après avoir reçu le livret d'apprentissage, il envoie une lettre en espéranto à Zamenhof en espéranto. Il est de fait le premier espérantiste lituanien. Il est référencé dans l', avec le numéro 186.

Exil

À l'automne 1888, Aleksandras Dambrauskas commence à travailler au gymnasium de Panevėžys en tant que chapelain.

En 1889, il refuse de suivre l'ordre d'envoyer des étudiants catholiques dans une église orthodoxe. En conséquence de son refus, il est exilé à Oustioujna.

En 1890, il écrit et édite le premier livre d'apprentissage de l'espéranto destiné au lituanophones. Le livre est banni par la censure russe. Pour contourner le bannissement, le livre est édité en 1890 à Tilsit et introduit clandestinement en Lituanie.

En 1895, son exil prend fin et il s'installe à Kaunas. Considéré comme une personne peu fiable, il a beaucoup de mal à trouver une fonction. Il passe plusieurs années sans occupation stable. Il officie à Kaunas comme chapelain en prison. En 1898, il devient professeur au séminaire des prêtres de Kaunas.

Passage par Saint-Pétersbourg
En 1902, Aleksandras Dambrauskas est invité à enseigner à l'académie de théologie de Saint-Pétersbourg, où il reste jusqu'en 1906.

Lors de sa création en 1905, il devient membre du .

En 1905, il écrit le recueil de poèmes Versaĵareto. Les poèmes de ce recueil ont un caractère religieux. Ce recueil contient des poèmes déjà publiés en 1893 dans le , de Louis de Beaufront. Le premier poème est un hymne dédié au congrès de Boulogne-sur-Mer. La préface présente une exploration pour trouver ce qui fait la grandeur de la poésie. Chacun des poèmes est en rimes, et tous expriment des pensées soit profondes, soit charmantes.

Bien qu'ayant abandonné l'étude des mathématiques à l'université, il n'a jamais abandonné leurs pratiques. Ainsi, il publie en 1905 et 1906 deux travaux, écrits en espérant, traitant de mathématiques. Sa méthode de travail est précise et logique.

En 1906, dans le , il polémique contre l'hillélisme et l'homaranisme, anonymement lancé par Zamenhof.

Installation à Kaunas
Après l'insurrection lituanienne de 1905, il retourne à Kaunas durant l'été 1906. Il s'investit activement dans le clergé lituanien. Ainsi, il enseigne dans un séminaire pour le reste de sa vie. Il fonde également, en 1906, la société d'édition de Saint Casimir, dont il devient président en 1907. Il écrit journaux, livres d'études, prêches, admonitions, conseils, critiques, satires.

En 1914, il devient prélat. En 1922, il devient professeur honorifique de l'université lituanienne. En 1926, il devient président de l'académie catholique lituanienne des sciences. Il devient docteur honorifique de mathématiques et sciences naturelles en 1928, et de philosophie en 1932. Il écrit pour les revues Draugija (1906-14, 1919-23, 1937-38), Nedėldienio skaitymas (1906-07), Garnys (1910-14, 1924-29), Ateitis (1911-14, 1916-19) et d'autres. Il écrit plusieurs livres et articles de littérature, de théologie, de philosophie et de sciences en lituanien, russe, polonais, latin et espéranto. Il connait également d'autres langues : belarus, bulgare, tchèque, français, allemand, grec, hébreu, italien, serbe et ukrainien.

Il écrit quelques chansons et brochures scientifiques. Trois de ses poèmes sont publiés par Zamenhof dans le Fundamenta Krestomatio. Il est membre de l'Académie d'Espéranto entre 1923 et 1937. Il est le premier président de Litova Esperanto Asocio (LEA) (1919-1928), puis son président honorifique jusqu'à sa mort. Il cofonde Internacia Kalika Unuiĝo Esperantista (IKUE) en 1910, mais après la première guerre mondiale s'active dans l'internationale catholique. Il compile le Litova Almanako (1923). et est le premier rédacteur de la Litova Stelo (1922-26). Il collabore avec l'Espérantiste, Lingvo Internacia, Espero Katolika, La Revuo, Ruslanda E-isto, Literaturo, Universo et d'autres journaux espérantistes. En 1930 apparait sa collection, en lituanien, de biographies, dont celle de Zamenhof, faisant 46 pages. Cette biographie sera rééditée en 2002 sous le nom Svajotojas, avec une longue postface de P. Čeliauskas. Directeur de Internacio Katolika (IKA) pour les lituaniens.

Mort

Aleksandras Dambrauskas meurt le , à l'âge de . Il est enterré près du mur nord de la cathédrale de Kaunas.

Hommages

Œuvres

En espéranto

En lituanien

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Espérantiste lituanien
Naissance en septembre 1860
Décès en février 1938
Espérantisation en 1887
Pionnier de l'espéranto
Décès à 77 ans

Aleksandras Dambrauskas


Jane Eyre es una adaptación fílmica de 1996 de la novela homónima escrita en 1847 por Charlotte Brontë. Esta producción de Hollywood, dirigida por Franco Zeffirelli, es fiel a la novela original, aunque aparece resumida y eliminada gran parte del argumento del último cuarto del libro (la fuga, las pruebas y tribulaciones, nuevas relaciones encontradas y nuevo empleo), a fin de poder adaptarla a una película de dos horas de duración.

Producción
El lugar elegido para Thornfield Hall es Haddon Hall, Bakewell, Derbyshire, en Reino Unido. Desde esta versión de Zeffirelli, varias versiones de Jane Eyre se han realizado en Haddon Hall y actualmente está considerado casi sinónimo de Thornfield Hall. Antes de que Zeffirelli usase Haddon Hall en su versión, este lugar se usó en una ocasión en otro filme, como el castillo de The Princess Bride.

Reparto

Argumento
Jane Eyre es contratada por el Sr. Rochester a través de la Sra. Fairfax para trabajar como institutriz de Adèle. Todo eso le sucede siendo sencilla y pobre. A pesar de sus modales suaves y poco atractivos como los de una monja, Jane tiene fuertes pasiones ocultas y muestra su fuerte carácter al expresar sus opiniones y mostrar determinación en tiempos de problemas. Rochester es un antihéroe de Byron, torturado y atormentado por problemas familiares, injusticias pasadas y secretos. Rochester y Jane desarrollan una afinidad mutua. Se enamoran y se fija la fecha de la boda. Lo que Jane no se da cuenta es que debe compartir la propiedad y, en última instancia, el Sr. Rochester con su esposa, Bertha, que tiene una enfermedad mental y está confinada en un ático de arriba con una enfermera, Grace Poole.

El matrimonio es detenido por el hermano de Bertha, Richard Mason, y el abogado Briggs. Jane huye; su mundo en ruinas. Se recupera en la casa parroquial, el hogar original de su tía, y descubre que ahora es rica al heredar la fortuna de su tío perdida hace mucho tiempo en Madeira. Recibe una propuesta de matrimonio del párroco St. John Rivers, pero su corazón y su alma están con Rochester. Jane regresa para encontrar la casa de Rochester, Thornfield Hall, incendiada y Rochester lisiado y cegado por un incendio provocado por Bertha, quien falleció. Sin embargo, el amor de Jane por Rochester no ha disminuido; ella lo cuida hasta que recupera la salud, él recupera la vista y se casan.

Recepción
El film mantiene una puntuación positiva de un 70% en Rotten Tomatoes basado en 23 críticas. El New York Times dijo de Hurt que "estaba vergonzoso e inapropiado en el papel Rochester, más cercano a un afable excéntrico que a un melancólico Héroe byroniano" aunque luego matiza que la película "tiene sus momentos".

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Películas en francés
Películas basadas en novelas
Películas ambientadas en el siglo XIX
Películas de Miramax

Jane Eyre (película de 1996)


Macov este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Dunajská Streda din regiunea Trnava. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 350 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Macov este atestată documentar din 1367.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Macov


نور با دو كاليه  هي منطقة في فرنسا عاصمتها مدينة ليل. تنقسم المنطقة إلى إقليمين (محافظتين): نور، با دو كاليه

يبلغ الكثافة السكانية 330.8 نسمة لكل كيلومتر مربع على مساحة تزيد قليلاً عن 12414 كيلومتر مربع،وهي منطقة مكتظة بالسكان يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 4.1 مليون نسمة، أي 7 ٪ من إجمالي سكان فرنسا، مما يجعلها رابع أكثر المناطق اكتظاظًا بالسكان في البلاد، يعيش 83 ٪ منهم في المناطق الحضرية. مركزها الإداري وأكبر مدنها هي ليل.

مدينه كاليه وهي ثاني أكبر مدينة هي مركز قاري هام للاقتصاد والنقل مع مدينة دوفر في بريطانيا العظمى على بعد 42 كيلومترًا (26 ميلاً)، مما يجعل منطقة نورد با دو كاليه نقطة اتصال المنطقة بجزيرة بريطانيا العظمى. من المدن المهمة أيضًا فالانسيان، لنس، دواي، بيثون ، دونكيرك، موبيج، وبولوني، آراس، وكامبريه، وسان أومير.

أهمية المنطقة
ترتبط فرنسا مع إنكلترا عبر نفق المانش، فهي إذاً تطل على بحر المانش من جهة (مدينة كاليه) وعلى بحر الشمال من جهة أخرى (مدينة دونكيرك).

اللغة المحلية
تنتشر بين سكان هذه المنطقة لغة الليشتي التي تختلف عن اللغة الأم الفرنسية لفظاً وكتابة، لكن هذا الأمر لا يمثل مشكلة جدية للحكومة الفرنسية كما هي حال سكان جزيرة كورسيكا أو منطقة الألزاس أو منطقة بروتاني

مراجع

الوحدات الإقليمية الإحصائية من المستوى الأول في الاتحاد الأوروبي
الوحدات الإقليمية الإحصائية من المستوى الثاني في الاتحاد الأوروبي
أوت دو فرانس
دول وأقاليم انحلت في 2016
دول وأقاليم أسست في 1972

نور با دو كاليه


This is a list of cities and towns in Qatar. Over 60 percent of residents of Qatar live in Doha, the capital.

Alphabetical list of cities and towns

Footnotes
1. Population: 138,573; area: 1,541.1 km; includes Fereej Al Soudan, Al Waab, Al Aziziya, New Fereej Al Ghanim, Fereej Al Murra, Fereej Al Manaseer, Bu Sidra, Muaither, Al Sailiya and Al Mearad.

2. Population: 24,722; area: 167.1 km; includes Leabaib, Al Ebb, Jeryan Jenaihat, Al Kheesa, Rawdat Al Hamama, Wadi Al Wasaah, Al Sakhama, Al Masrouhiya, Wadi Lusail, Umm Qarn and Al Daayen.

3. Population: 46,976; area: 80.6 km; includes Al Gharrafa, Gharrafat Al Rayyan, Izghawa, Bani Hajer, Al Seej, Rawdat Egdaim, and Al Themaid.

4. Population: 80,220; area: 459.0 km; includes Simaisma, Al Jeryan, Al Khor.

5. Population: 1,868; area: 0.9 km; includes Al Khulaifat and Ras Abu Aboud.

6. Population: 1,213; area: 36.0 km; includes Jabal Thuaileb, Al Kharayej, Lusail, Al Egla, and Wadi Al Banat.

7. Population: 85,906 ; area: 64.9 km; includes Fereej Al Asiri, New Fereej Al Khulaifat, Bu Samra, Al Mamoura, Abu Hamour, Mesaimeer and Ain Khaled.

8. Population: 22,459; area: 219.8 km; includes Al Thumama, Al Wukair, and Al Mashaf.

9. Population: 4,138; area: 0.2 km; includes Al Najada, Barahat Al Jufairi, and Fereej Al Asmakh.

10. Population: 2,782; area: 4.1 km; includes Al Qassar and Al Dafna.

11. Population: 22,168; area: 25.4 km; includes Leqtaifiya, Onaiza and Al Qassar.

12. Population: 4,996; area: 166.6 km; includes Madinat ash Shamal and Ar Ru'ays.

13. Population: 15,184; area: 2.7 km; includes Al Sadd, New Al Mirqab and Fereej Al Nasr.

13. Population: 5,558; area: 9.7 km; includes Jelaiah, Al Tarfa and Jeryan Nejaima.

14. Population: 128,574; area: 550.5 km; includes Al Thakhira, Ras Lafan, and Umm Birka.

15. Population: 76,291; area: 103.3 km; includes New Al Rayyan, Al Wajba, and Muaither.

16. Population: 1,009; area: 427.2 km; includes Al Zubarah and Abu Dhalouf.

17. Population: 1,970; area: 307.3 km; includes Fuwayrit, Ain Sinan and Madinat Al Kaaban.

18. Population: 60,509; area: 317.9 km; includes Al Kharaitiyat, Izghawa, Umm Salal Ali, Umm Salal Mohammed and Bu Fasseela.

19. Population: 20,416; area: 13.4 km; includes Al Luqta, Lebday, Old Al Rayyan, Al Shagub and Fereej Al Zaeem.

20. Population: 23,591; area: 18.1 km; includes Fereej Al Amir, Luaib, Muraikh, Baaya, Mehairja and Fereej Al Soudan.

21. Population: 4,886; area: 0.4 km; includes Fereej Mohammed bin Jassim and Mushayrib.

22. Population: 7,125; area: 0.5 km; includes Al Rufaa and Old Al Hitmi.

23. Population: 741; area: 0.5 km; includes As Salatah and Al Mirqab.

24. Population: 31,573; area: 1.5 km; includes Al Mansoura and Fereej Bin Durham.

25. Population: 14,725; area: 2.4 km; includes Madinat Khalifa North and Dahl Al Hamam.

26. Population: 21,066; area: 2.5 km; includes Fereej Bin Omran, New Al Hitmi and Hamad Medical City.

See also
 Municipalities of Qatar

References

Qatar, List of cities in

Cities

List of cities in Qatar


Seksan Prasertkul ou Seksan Prasertkoun (thaï : เสกสรรค์ ประเสริฐกุล), né en 1949, est un militant, professeur et écrivain thaïlandais. Il est auteur de poésies, de nouvelles et d'une autobiographie.

Il est aussi connu comme dirigeant étudiant de l'université Thammasat pendant la contestation sociale et étudiante des thaïlandais au mois d'octobre 1973, manifestations pour une nouvelle constitution, plus de démocratie et contre le gouvernement du dictateur militaire Thanom Kittikhachon.

Biographie
Enfant, Seksan Prasertkul grandit à Bang Kapong, un village pauvre perdu dans la mangrove. Il va à l'école des bonzes de son village pendant que sa mère se tue littéralement au travail pour qu'elle et les siens puissent un jour "vivre debout".

En 1967, âgé de 18 ans, il est admis à l'université Thammasat.

En octobre 1973, lors de la contestation sociale et étudiante qui fait chuter le régime militaire et qui permet à la société thaïlandaise de se démocratiser comme jamais auparavant, Seksan se révèle un orateur puissant et un meneur d'hommes charismatique. Mais le nouveau régime le déçoit rapidement et il se tourne alors vers le seul parti d'opposition organisé, le parti communiste thaïlandais.

À la mi-juin 1975, Seksan Prasertkul est à Paris avec deux autres militants, logés chez Marcel Barang à la demande de Pierre Rousset, cadre dirigeant de la  international trotskiste, dans l'attente imminente d'un départ pour les maquis thaïs dans la jungle.

De 1975 à 1980, il combat dans les maquis maoïstes.

En 1980, désillusionné, Seksan accepte l'offre d'amnistie du gouvernement thaïlandais et déclare  dans une interview à l'hebdomadaire Siam Nikorn : " Je n'ai aucune confiance en aucune grande puissance, qu'elle soit capitaliste ou socialiste. Chaque grand pays socialiste ne pense avant tout qu'à lui-même et je me demande s'il existe encore des pays socialistes. "

Il se marie alors avec la poétesse, traductrice et féministe marxiste Chiranan Pitpreecha, future lauréate du prix des écrivains de l'Asie du Sud-Est (S.E.A. Write Award) en 1989. Ils partent ensuite étudier tous les deux aux États-Unis à l'université CorneIl : elle obtient un master en histoire et il obtient un doctorat en 1989. De retour en Thaïlande, ils se séparent.

Seksan Prasertkul devient professeur à l'université Thammasat et en est le doyen de la Faculté des sciences politiques de 1993 à 1995.

Il continue de militer et de lutter pour la démocratisation de la société thaïlandaise.

Nouvelle traduite en anglais

 A bamboo bridge over rapids, trad. Marcel Barang

Autobiographie traduite en français
Marcel Barang a aussi traduit et fait publier dix-neuf textes autobiographiques de Seksan Prasertkul écrits entre 1984 et 1996 relatant des scènes de la vie thaïlandaise et des événements politiques qui ont marqué l'après-dictature militaire à partir de 1973 :

 Vivre Debout, trad. Marcel Barang, Éditions Kergour, 1998, 284 p.

Cette autobiographie contient les textes suivants :

 Un pont de bambou sur les rapides (สะพานไผ่เหนือสายน้ําเชี่ยว /Saphan Phai Nuea Sainam Chiao) p. 13-24
 Fils de la mangrove (มาจากป่าชายเลน / Ma Chak Pa Chai Len) p. 25-34
 La Requête de mon grand-père p. 35-48
 Introduction à la démocratie (เต๋าแห่งประชาธิปไตย† / Tao Haeng Prachathippathai †) p. 49-58
 Regards en arrière p. 59-76
 L'Université de la vie (มหาวิทยาลัยชีวิต / Mahawitthayalai Chiwit) p. 77-100
 Thammasat et le 14 octobre p. 101-114
 Nuit fatidique p. 115-130
 La Guerre et l'amour (สงครามและความรัก / Songkhram Lae Khwamrak) p. 131-150
 La Jeune femme et le mainate (หญิงสาวกับลูกนกขุนทอง / Ying Sao Kap Luk Nok Khun Thong) p. 151-158
 Oncle Fai (ลุงไฟนักรบผู้เลือนหายไป / Lung Fai Nak-rop Phu Luean Hai Pai) p. 159-172
 Quand la vie change le cœur suit (ชีวิตเปลี่ยนไปหัวใจเปลี่ยนตาม / Chiwit Plian Pai Huachai Plian Tam) p. 173-180
 À travers la jungle en quête de la vraie vie (เดินป่าเสาะหาชีวิตจริง / Doen Pa So Ha Chiwit Ching) p. 181-188
 La Vie et l'écriture (ชีวิตและการเขียนหนังสือ / Chiwit Lae Kankhian Nangsue) p. 189-192
 Des traces de larmes sur les joues du temps (หยาดน้ําตาบนแผ่นแก้มของเวลา / Yat Namta Bon Phaen Kaem Khong Wela) p. 193-212
 Le Temps d'une saison chaude p. 213-226
 Dans le courant du passé p. 227-234
 Le Chant de l'univers (เพลงเอกภพ / Phleng Ekkaphop) p. 235-258
 L'Homme et le tigre (คนกับเสือ / Khon Kap Suea) p. 259-282

Cinéma
Un film racontant la contestation sociale et étudiante d'octobre 1973 ainsi que la vie de Seksan Prasertkul et de Chiranan Pitpreecha (ou Jiranan Pitpreecha), intitulé 14 ตุลา สงครามประชาชน  (14 tula, songkram prachachon / The Moonhunter), basé sur un scénario de Seksan Prasertkul et Bhandit Rittakol, est réalisé par Bhandit Rittakol en 2001,

Notes et références

Liens externes

Écrivain thaïlandais du XXe siècle
Naissance en 1949
Militant thaïlandais
Personnalité politique thaïlandaise
Artiste national de Thaïlande

Seksan Prasertkul


The Fairey Albacore is a single-engine biplane torpedo bomber designed and produced by the British aircraft manufacturer Fairey Aviation. It was primarily operated by the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm (FAA) during the Second World War.

The Albacore, popularly known as the "Applecore", was conceived as a replacement for the Fairey Swordfish, an earlier biplane introduced during the mid 1930s. It was typically operated by a crew of three and was designed for spotting and reconnaissance as well as level, dive, and torpedo bombing. First flown on 12 December 1938, the Albacore was in production between 1939 and 1943, and entered FAA service with 826 Naval Air Squadron during March 1940. The type was initially operated from land bases, being dispatched on attack missions against enemy shipping and harbours in the vicinity of the English Channel. The first operations on board an aircraft carrier commenced in November 1940.

At its height, 15 first-line FAA squadrons flew the Albacore. The type was much used in the Mediterranean, participating in the Battle of Cape Matapan, the Second Battle of El Alamein, as well as the landings at Sicily and Salerno. Despite the intention to replace the Swordfish, the Albacore served with it and was eventually retired before it, both aircraft having been replaced by a pair of monoplane designs, the Fairey Barracuda and Grumman Avenger. In addition to the FAA, the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) operated the type.

Design and development

Background
The origins of the Albacore can be traced back to the issuing of Specification S.41/36 by the Air Ministry on 11 February 1937, as well as the earlier Specification M.7/36. The latter had sought a three-seat TSR (torpedo/spotter/reconnaissance) aircraft with which to replace the Fairey Swordfish in Fleet Air Arm (FAA) service. It was required to be capable of speeds between 58 and 183 knots while also carrying a single 18-inch Mark XIIA torpedo; furthermore, it was to be fitted with dual flight controls, have a powered rear turret, comprehensive facilities for observation and navigation, and incorporate soundproofing and heating measures.

In response, Fairey Aviation decided to work on its own design. Early activities included the wind tunnel testing of various biplane models at RAE Farnborough between November 1936 and June 1937. These tests reportedly influenced designs regarding the fitting of flaps upon the wings. The company produced both biplane and monoplane configurations to fulfil the requirement, officials dismissed the monoplane proposal as it raised uncertainties for the role it was to be tasked with at that time. Accordingly, Fairey focused its efforts onto the biplane configuration.

The Albacore, otherwise designated TBR (torpedo/bomber/reconnaissance), was a single-bay all-metal biplane. Its fuselage was of a semi-monocoque design and was equipped with a split undercarriage. In comparison to the Swordfish, the Albacore was furnished with a more powerful engine that drove a Constant-speed propeller, while the fuselage was also more aerodynamically refined. The engine that powered the early Albacores was a single Bristol Taurus II radial engine, capable of 1,065 hp, while those built later on received the more powerful Taurus XII, capable of 1,130 hp, instead.

Furthermore, the Albacore provided numerous amenities for the benefit of its crew, such as its fully enclosed cockpit, a central heating system, a windscreen wiper for the pilot, and lavatory. In the event of a water landing, the aircraft was also fitted with an automatic liferaft deployment system to assist in the crew's survival. The armament of the Albacore typically included a single fixed forward-firing machine gun in the upper starboard wing, while the rear cockpit was provided with either a single or twin Vickers K machine gun. It could carry a maximum under-wing bomb load of four  bombs.

The wings of the Albacore were of an equal span and were foldable for more compact stowage onboard aircraft carriers. These wings, which were covered by fabric, featured relatively large flaps that were hydraulically-actuated and could also act as air brakes during dives. Akin to the preceding Swordfish, it was capable of dive bombing; it was capable of diving at speeds of up to 215 knots (400 km/h) IAS irrespective of the positioning of the flaps. According to the wartime pilot Eric Brown, the Albacore was relatively steady throughout the dive, while the recovery was typically both smooth and relatively easy to perform.

Into flight
On 12 December 1938, the first of two prototypes performed its maiden flight from the Great West Aerodrome, flown by F. H. Dixon. During April 1939, the second prototype made its first flight, joining its sibling in the flight test programme shortly thereafter. Both prototypes had not been ordered under individual contracts, but had instead been the first two of a production batch of 100 aircraft. There were some differences from subsequent production aircraft, such as their initial outfitting with non-tapered engine cowlings and wheel-spats.

While the Albacore had been developed as a carrier-capable land plane, there was interest in its potential as a floatplane, thus the first prototype was later outfitted with floats and was experimentally configured for catapult-assisted takeoffs. The Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment (MAEE) tested it in early 1940, during which its water-handling was less than favourable, although it retained acceptable airborne characteristics, save for its reportedly poorly-harmonised flight controls.

During 1939, quantity production of the first batch of 98 aircraft commenced; the start of production had been delayed on account of production slippages of the Taurus engine. During February 1940, testing of the Albacore and Taurus II engine alike commenced at RAF Boscombe Down. During these tests, the prototype demonstrated its ability to attain a maximum speed of , at an altitude of 4,800 ft (1,463 m), at 11,570 lb (5,259 kg), which was achieved while carrying four depth charges underneath its wings, while its maximum speed without the depth charges was . An Albacore fitted with the Taurus II engine and carrying a torpedo weighed 11,100 lb (5,045 kg).

Some minor criticisms of the Albacore were produced during its 1940 evaluation flights; issues included the excessive heat of the forward cockpit during the summer months, while the rear cockpit was cold and subject to persistent drafts. The stall characteristics were described as uncomfortable, while the crew boarding process was also seen as somewhat hazardous. However, the only notable change in the specification was the replacement of the Taurus II engine with the improved Taurus XII counterpart.

A total of 800 Albacores were built, including the two prototypes, which were all manufactured at Fairey's Hayes factory. Production came to an end in 1943. They were typically test flown from London's Great West Aerodrome, what has since been expanded into London Heathrow Airport.

Operational history

During March 1940, No. 826 Naval Air Squadron was specially formed to operate the first Albacores; within weeks, the type has been put into active combat, performing attacks against enemy-held harbours and shipping in the English Channel, operating from shore bases, as well as providing convoy escort for the rest of 1940. s 826 and 829 Squadrons were the first to operate the Albacore from an aircraft carrier, operations commencing in November 1940. Initially, the Albacore suffered from reliability problems with the Taurus engine, although these were later solved, so that the failure rate was no worse than the Pegasus equipped Swordfish. The Albacore remained less popular than the Swordfish, as it was less manoeuvrable, while the controls were considered to be too heavy for a pilot to perform much evasive action after dropping a torpedo.

Eventually, there were 15 first-line FAA squadrons equipped with the Albacore which operated widely in the Mediterranean. In March 1941, Albacores successfully undertook torpedo attacks during the Battle of Cape Matapan, inflicting heavy damage on the Italian battleship Vittorio Veneto despite the presence of heavy anti-aircraft fire. The type also played a prominent role in the ill-fated raid on Kirkenes and Petsamo during July 1941. Albacores also participated, with greater success, in the fighting at El Alamein, highlighting German positions using air-dropped flares to assist RAF night bombers.

Between September 1941 and June 1943, No. 828 Squadron, based at RAF Hal Far, Malta, operated a squadron of Albacores under severe blitz conditions during the Siege of Malta. The type employed a mixture of mines and bombs to attack both Italian shipping, including massed convoys, along with shore targets in Sicily, mainland Italy, and North Africa. Albacores also supported the landings at Sicily and Salerno, guarding against enemy submarines and raiding key enemy facilities such as airfields and forts.

On 9 March 1942, 12 Albacores from  were launched to attack the German   at sea near Narvik. Based on information from one of a search force of six Albacores that had been launched earlier, Albacores from 817 and 832 Squadrons launched torpedoes. One attack came within  of Tirpitz, but the attack was a failure, having incurred the loss of two aircraft.

During 1943, the Albacore was progressively replaced in FAA service by the newer Barracuda. The final Albacore squadron of the FAA, No. 841 Squadron, which had flown numerous shore-based attacks against shipping in the English Channel for the whole of its career with the Albacore, was disbanded in late 1943.

The Royal Air Force deployed some Albacores; No. 36 Squadron based at Singapore acquired five to supplement its Vickers Vildebeests at RAF Seletar in December 1941. The remnants of the squadron was captured by the Japanese in March 1942. During 1943, No. 415 Squadron RCAF was equipped with Albacores (presumably ex-FAA) before the Flight operating them was transferred and reformed as 119 Squadron at RAF Manston in July 1944. The squadron deployed later to Belgium and their Albacores were disposed of in early 1945, due to spares shortages, in favour of the inferior but ASV radar-equipped Swordfish Mk.IIIs that the squadron kept until the end of the war on 8 May. This was to combat German mini-submarines attacking Allied shipping entering the River Scheldt on its way to Antwerp Port. The Aden Communication Flight used 17 Albacores between the middle of 1944 and August 1946. Some of these were delivered by sea on the  in December 1945 (all from Royal Navy stock).

The Royal Canadian Air Force took over the Albacores and used them during the Normandy invasion, for a similar role until July 1944. The Albacore was the last biplane to be used in combat by the RCAF.

Operators

Royal Canadian Air Force
 No. 415 Squadron RCAF

Royal Air Force
 No. 36 Squadron RAF
 No. 119 Squadron
Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm

 700 Naval Air Squadron
 733 Naval Air Squadron
 747 Naval Air Squadron
 750 Naval Air Squadron
 753 Naval Air Squadron
 754 Naval Air Squadron
 756 Naval Air Squadron
 763 Naval Air Squadron
 766 Naval Air Squadron
 767 Naval Air Squadron
 768 Naval Air Squadron
 769 Naval Air Squadron
 771 Naval Air Squadron
 774 Naval Air Squadron
 775 Naval Air Squadron
 778 Naval Air Squadron
 781 Naval Air Squadron
 782 Naval Air Squadron
 783 Naval Air Squadron
 785 Naval Air Squadron
 786 Naval Air Squadron
 787 Naval Air Squadron
 788 Naval Air Squadron
 789 Naval Air Squadron
 791 Naval Air Squadron
 793 Naval Air Squadron
 796 Naval Air Squadron
 797 Naval Air Squadron
 799 Naval Air Squadron
 810 Naval Air Squadron
 815 Naval Air Squadron
 817 Naval Air Squadron
 818 Naval Air Squadron
 820 Naval Air Squadron
 821 Naval Air Squadron
 822 Naval Air Squadron
 823 Naval Air Squadron
 826 Naval Air Squadron
 827 Naval Air Squadron
 828 Naval Air Squadron
 829 Naval Air Squadron
 830 Naval Air Squadron
 831 Naval Air Squadron
 832 Naval Air Squadron
 841 Naval Air Squadron

Surviving aircraft

Only one Albacore is known to survive, on display at the Fleet Air Arm Museum, which was built using parts of Albacores N4389 and N4172 recovered from crash sites.

Specifications (Albacore with Taurus XII)

See also

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

 Harrison, W.A. Warpaint Series No.52 : Fairey Albacore. Bedfordshire: Warpaint Books Ltd 2004. .
 Kostam, Angus. Sink the Tirpitz 1942–44: The RAF and Fleet Air Arm duel with Germany's mighty battleship. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2018.

 Taylor, H.A. Fairey Aircraft Since 1915. London: Putnam, 1974. .

Further reading

External links

 Fleet Air Arm Archive
 828 Squadron (TSR) Albacores: Malta War-Time Diaries 1941-1943 Sgt. Thomas Barker BEM

1930s British bomber aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
Albacore
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1938

Fairey Albacore


Aphelia, biljni rod iz Australije nekada uključivan u porodicu Centrolepidaceae, a danas porodici Restionaceae. Postoji šest priznatih vrsta

Vrste
 Aphelia brizula F.Muell.
 Aphelia cyperoides R.Br.
 Aphelia drummondii (Hieron.) Benth.
 Aphelia gracilis Sond.
 Aphelia nutans Hook.f. ex Benth.
 Aphelia pumilio F.Muell. ex Sond.

Izvori

Restionaceae

Aphelia (Plantae)


20. etape af Giro d'Italia 2018 gik fra Susa til Breuil-Cervinia 26. maj 2018.

Etapen blev vundet af Mikel Nieve. Thibaut Pinot som lå på tredjepladsen fik problemer og forsvandt ud af klassementet.

Etaperesultater

Samlet

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

20

20. etape af Giro d'Italia 2018


A sea breeze or onshore breeze is any wind that blows from a large body of water toward or onto a landmass; it develops due to differences in air pressure created by the differing heat capacities of water and dry land. As such, sea breezes are more localised than prevailing winds. Because land heats up much faster than water under solar radiation, a sea breeze is a common occurrence along coasts after sunrise. By contrast, a land breeze or offshore breeze is the reverse effect: dry land also cools more quickly than water and, after sunset, a sea breeze dissipates and the wind instead flows from the land towards the sea. Sea breezes and land breezes are both important factors in coastal regions' prevailing winds. The term offshore wind may refer to any wind over open water.

Wind farms are often situated near a coast to take advantage of the normal daily fluctuations of wind speed resulting from sea or land breezes.  While many onshore wind farms and offshore wind farms do not rely on these winds, a nearshore wind farm is a type of offshore wind farm located on shallow coastal waters to take advantage of both sea and land breezes. (For practical reasons, other offshore wind farms are situated further out to sea and rely on prevailing winds rather than sea breezes.)

Cause
The sea has a greater heat capacity than land, so the surface of the sea warms up more slowly than the surface of the land. As the temperature of the surface of the land rises, the land heats the air above it by convection. The hypsometric equation states that the hydrostatic pressure depends on the temperature. Thus, the hydrostatic pressure over the land decreases less at higher altitude. As the air above the coast has a relatively higher pressure, it starts moving towards the sea at high altitude. This creates an inverse airflow near the ground. The strength of the sea breeze is directly proportional to the temperature difference between the land and the sea.  If a strong offshore wind is present (that is, a wind greater than ) and opposing the direction of a possible sea breeze, the sea breeze is not likely to develop.

Effects

A sea-breeze front is a weather front created by a sea breeze, also known as a convergence zone.  The cold air from the sea meets the warmer air from the land and creates a boundary like a shallow cold front.  When powerful this front creates cumulus clouds, and if the air is humid and unstable,  the front can sometimes trigger thunderstorms.  If the flow aloft is aligned with the direction of the sea breeze, places experiencing the sea breeze frontal passage will have benign, or fair, weather for the remainder of the day.  At the front warm air continues to flow upward and cold air continually moves in to replace it and so the front moves progressively inland.  Its speed depends on whether it is assisted or hampered by the prevailing wind, and the strength of the thermal contrast between land and sea.  At night, the sea breeze usually changes to a land breeze, due to a reversal of the same mechanisms.

Sea breezes in Florida

Thunderstorms caused by powerful sea breeze fronts frequently occur in Florida, a peninsula bounded on the east and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, respectively.  During the wet season, which typically lasts from June through September/October, any direction that the winds are blowing would always be off the water, thus making Florida the place most often struck by lightning in the United States, and one of the most on Earth. These storms can also produce significant hail due to the tremendous updraft it causes in the atmosphere especially during times when the upper atmosphere is cooler such as during the spring or fall.

On calm summer afternoons with little prevailing wind, sea breezes from both coasts may collide in the middle, creating especially severe storms down the center of the state. These thunderstorms can drift towards either the west or east coast depending on the relative strengths of the sea breezes, and sometimes survive to move out over the water at night, creating spectacular cloud-to-cloud lightning shows for hours after sunset. Due to its large size Lake Okeechobee may also contribute to this activity by creating its own lake breeze which collides with the east and west coast sea breezes.

In Cuba similar sea breeze collisions with the northern and southern coasts sometimes lead to storms.

Land breezes
At night, the land cools off faster than the ocean due to differences in their heat capacity, which forces the dying of the daytime sea breeze as the temperature of the land approaches that of the ocean. If the land becomes cooler than the adjacent sea surface temperature, the air pressure over the water will be lower than that of the land, setting up a land breeze blowing from the land to the sea, as long as the environmental surface wind pattern is not strong enough to oppose it. The land breeze is usually shallower than the daytime sea breeze. Unlike the daytime sea breeze, which is driven by convection, the night-time land breeze is driven by convergence. The cool air coming from the land pushes upwards the warmer air over the sea. If there is sufficient moisture and instability available, the land breeze can cause showers, or even thunderstorms, over the water. Overnight thunderstorm development offshore due to the land breeze can be a good predictor for the activity on land the following day, as long as there are no expected changes to the weather pattern over the following 12–24 hours. This is mainly because the strength of the land breeze is weaker than the sea breeze. The land breeze will die once the land warms up again the next morning.

See also
Fremantle Doctor, the local name for the sea breeze in and around Perth, Western Australia
Southerly buster, a sea breeze, though usually a storm, which is experienced in the southeast coast of New South Wales, southern coast of Victoria and New Zealand
Mountain breeze and valley breeze

References

External links
Sea and Land Breezes

Breeze
Wind

Sea breeze


Rogoglavica (lat. Ceratocephala, ponegdje Ceratocephalus), naziv je roda u porodici žabnjakovki (Ranunculaceae). U Hrvatskoj su zabilježene dvije nedovoljno poznate vrste, to su rogoglavica srpasta (Ceratocephala falcata,  Ceratocephalus falcatus) i rogoglavica pravcasti (Ceratocephala testiculata, Ceratocephalus testiculatus)

Rod Ceratocephala opisao je Moench.

Vrste
 Ceratocephala falcata (L.) Pers.
 Ceratocephala orthoceras DC.
 Ceratocephala pungens P. J. Garnock-Jones
 Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Besser

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Ranunculoideae

Rogoglavica


I Don't Want You Back is the debut album by American R&B singer Eamon, released in the United States on February 17, 2004. Produced by Milk Dee and Roy "Royalty" Hamilton, the album spawned two singles which combined modern hip hop with classic doo wop: "Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back)" and "I Love Them Ho's (Ho-Wop)". The album garnered a mixed reception from critics who found the production too predictable and the repeated profanity wearing. The album debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 106,000 copies. It was certified Gold by the RIAA for selling over 500,000 copies.

Reception

Critical reception

I Don't Want You Back received generally mixed reviews from music critics who found the production by-the-numbers and felt that his potty-mouth gimmick wore thin. Johnny Loftus of AllMusic found a lot of filler in the album but said that it is "still quite promising, especially with such a statement-making single." Entertainment.ie was mixed about the album's tracks with their depiction of women, concluding that "Eamon certainly has plenty of attitude and his album is undeniably good fun. But he also has a bit of growing up to do." Rob Kemp of Rolling Stone said he saw promise in Eamon through the album's competent R&B production and the track "I Love Them Ho's (Ho-Wop)," concluding that "you wonder if this modestly gifted kid has something special inside him that perhaps Kanye West or R. Kelly could coax out."

Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine found Eamon's talent on the album limited, saying that the tracks that don't mix his dirty mouth with Motown and doo-wop melodies aren't "clever or well-constructed enough to transcend the misogyny and double-standards put on whorish display." Despite praising Eamon's vocals, the album's beats and guest rap appearances, Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian found the swearing crooner gimmick throughout the album wearing thin before it even ended. Robert Christgau graded the album as a "dud", indicating "a bad record whose details rarely merit further thought." Elysa Gardner of USA Today criticized the album for its lack of humor or irony throughout the tracklist, saying that "Eamon makes Eminem look like a standard-bearer for feminists."

Commercial performance
The album debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 106,000 copies. It dropped to number nine in its second week with sales dropping 31% to 73,000 copies. It was certified Gold by the RIAA and sold 591,000 copies as of June 2006.

Track listing

 (*) Denotes co-producer.

Sample credits
"I Love Them Ho's (Ho-Wop)", samples "I Only Have Eyes For You" performed by The Flamingos, and written by Al Dubin and Harry Warren.
"My Baby's Lost", samples "Top Billin'" performed by Audio Two, and written by Kirk Robinson.
"I'd Rather Fuck with You", samples "I'd Rather Be With You" performed by Bootsy Collins, and written by Bootsy Collins, George Clinton Jr. and Gary Cooper and "I'd Rather Fuck You" performed by N.W.A., and written by Eazy-E.

Personnel
Adapted from the I Don't Want You Back liner notes.

 Nat Robinson: executive producer
 Dave Kutch: mastering
 Crissy Gomez: make up artist
 Michelle 10: styling
 Anthony Cutajar: Milk Dee image
 Daniel Hastings: photography, art direction and graphic design

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2004 debut albums
Eamon (singer) albums
Jive Records albums

I Don't Want You Back


Lichter der Stadt ist das siebte Studioalbum der deutschen Rockband Unheilig. Es erschien am 16. März 2012. Bereits drei Tage nach dem Verkaufsstart hatte das Album mit mehr als 100.000 verkauften Kopien Goldstatus erreicht. Es konnte sich bis heute 1 Million Mal verkaufen.

Titelliste

Singles

Kritiken
Georg Howahl, der das Album für die Zeitung Der Westen beurteilte, fand keine lobenden Worte: "Das neue Album nach dem Erfolg von 'Große Freiheit' ist ganz ähnlich gestrickt. Es ist eine große Ladung von klebrigem Akustik-Pathos, gelegentlich versetzt mit Rammstein-Gitarren, und mündet am Ende in Trauerarbeit zum Mitschunkeln." Die Passauer Neue Presse urteilte: "In der Summe hat der Graf ein bisschen arg tief in die Pop-Schlager-Kitsch-Schublade gegriffen, etwa in Form von Synthesizer-Konserven-Streichern. Alles fließt, geht runter wie Öl, bleibt so aber kaum haften." Sebastian Leber vom Berliner Tagesspiegel mochte die Musik, fand aber ebenfalls die Texte mangelhaft: "Die 16 neuen Songs sind hochdosierte Antidepressiva, oft mitreißend und immer direkt zugänglich. Die Texte bewegen sich allerdings auf kitschigem Poesialbumsniveau." Stefan Frühauf von dark-festivals.de beklagte den weicheren Stil von Lichter der Stadt im Vergleich zu früheren Alben und legte es "Freunden von niveauvollem, deutschem Schlager" nahe. Auch Kevin Holtmann von plattentests.de kritisierte Lichter der Stadt stark.

Lichter der Stadt – Tour 2012

Einzelnachweise

Unheilig-Album
Album (Pop)
Album (Rock)
Nummer-eins-Album
Album 2012
Mehrfach-Platin-Album (Deutschland)
Album (Dark Music)

Lichter der Stadt (Album)