Alexandre Alexandrovitch Kirillov (en ), né le 9 mai 1936 à Moscou) est un mathématicien soviétique et russe connu pour ses travaux dans les domaines de théorie des représentations, groupes topologiques et groupes de Lie. Il a notamment introduit la méthode des orbites en théorie des représentations. Il est professeur émérite à l'université de Pennsylvanie.

Carrière
Kirillov étudie à l'université d'État de Moscou où il est étudiant d'Israel Gelfand. Sa thèse de doctorat (candidat ès sciences), intitulée Unitary representations of nilpotent Lie groups, est soutenue en 1962 et qui lui vaut le diplôme de docteur en sciences (doktor nauk). À l'époque, il était le plus jeune docteur en sciences de l'Union soviétique. Il travaille à l'université d'État de Moscou jusqu'en 1994, date à laquelle il devient professeur de mathématiques sur la chaire « Francis J. Carey » à l'Université de Pennsylvanie. Il a également été l'un des membres fondateurs de l'Université indépendante de Moscou, où il a été professeur au Collège de mathématiques de 1991 à 1995.

Travaux de recherche
Kirillow est connu pour sa méthode des orbites dans la théorie des représentations des groupes de Lie. Kirillow n'a initialement étudié que les groupes de Lie nilpotents G, où il a montré que les représentations unitaires irréductibles (à l'exception de l'équivalence unaire) peuvent être classifiées par l'« orbite » des applications de G  dans l'algèbre de Lie duale (orbites coadjointes) de G. Bertram Kostant, Louis Auslander, Lajos Pukánszky et d'autres ont étendu la méthode des orbites aux groupes de Lie résolubles. Elle est également applicable, par exemple, aux groupes de Lie compacts, mais ne fournit plus de correspondance univoque entre les représentations irréductibles et les orbites coadjointes. Kirillov a également déduit de sa méthode des orbites une formule pour les caractères des représentations irréductibles du groupe de Lie (la formule des caractères de Kirillov).

Pendant sa scolarité, Kirillov a remporté de nombreux concours de mathématiques, et il continue à être un organisateur actif de concours russes de mathématiques. Kirillov est également auteur de nombreux livres et d'articles d'exposition axés sur l'enseignement.

Distinctions

 En 1962, il est conférencier invité au congrès international des mathématiciens à Stockholm, et en 1966 au congrès de Moscou.
 En 1978, il délivre une conférence plénière au congrès international des mathématiciens à Helsinki.
 En 1990, il est élu membre de l'Académie des sciences de Russie.
 En 2012, il est élu membre de l'American Mathematical Society

Le fils de Kirillov, Alexander Kirillov, Jr., est également mathématicien ; il travaille sur les représentations des groupes de Lie ; il est en poste à l'université d'État de New York à Stony Brook .

Kirillov a animé un séminaire très actif à Moscou pendant trente ans. Il compte parmi ses anciens élèves Victor Ginzburg, le lauréat de la médaille Fields Andreï Okounkov, David Kazhdan ou Michael Pevzner, professeur et directeur du laboratoire de mathématiques de Reims.

Publications (sélection)

Kirillov  publie son traité Elements of the Theory of Representations en russe en 1972. Le livre est traduit en français et en anglais :

 [1974] .
 [1976] .
 [1976] .
 [1982] .
 [1999]  .
 [2004]
 [2013] .

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Interview d'Alexandre Kirillov dans la dynkincollection
 Alexandre Kirillov sur mathnet.ru
 Alexandre Kirillov sur upenn
 Alexandre Kirillov sur scholia
 Alexandre Kirillov sur Moscou Math. Journal

Membre de l'American Mathematical Society
Professeur à l'université de Pennsylvanie
Étudiant de l'université d'État de Moscou
Personnalité en théorie des groupes
Mathématicien russe du XXIe siècle
Mathématicien russe du XXe siècle
Mathématicien soviétique
Naissance en mai 1936

Alexandre Kirillov


Barbara Ann Britch-Craig (* 30. März 1951 in Anchorage, Alaska) ist eine ehemalige US-amerikanische Skilangläuferin.

Britch wurde 1967 nationale Meisterin in der Juniorenklasse über 5 Kilometer, ein Jahr später gewann sie Silber. Als Profi wurde sie 1970 Dritte über 10 Kilometer und 1971 über 5 Kilometer. 1972 nahm sie in Sapporo, Japan an den Olympischen Winterspielen teil. Auf der 5-Kilometer-Strecke erreichte sie den 31. Platz. Zusammen mit Alison Owen-Spencer und Martha Rockwell wurde sie in der 3-mal-5-Kilometer-Staffel elfte. Bei der Winter-Universiade 1972 in Lake Placid gewann sie Bronze mit der Staffel. Zudem errang sie dort den sechsten Platz über 10 km und den fünften Platz über 5 km.

Britch bekam 1969 den Finlandia Award für besondere Leistungen als US-amerikanische Skilangläuferin verliehen. Sie studierte an der Alaska Methodist University. Sie ist verheiratet und lebt in Juneau, Alaska, wo sie als Immobilienmaklerin arbeitet.

Weblinks
 Barbara Britch auf skisport365.com

Skilangläufer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1972
Universiadeteilnehmer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Teilnehmer der Winter-Universiade 1972
Geboren 1951
Frau
US-Amerikaner

Barbara Britch


The Fairchild C-123 Provider is an American military transport aircraft designed by Chase Aircraft and built by Fairchild Aircraft for the U.S. Air Force. In addition to its USAF service, which included later service with the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard, it went on to serve the U.S. Coast Guard and various air forces in Southeast Asia. During the War in Vietnam, the C-123 was used to deliver supplies, to evacuate the wounded, for agent insertions behind enemy lines, and was also used to spray Agent Orange.

Design and development

The C-123 Provider was designed originally as an assault glider aircraft for the United States Air Force (USAF) by Chase Aircraft as the XCG-20 (Chase designation MS-8 Avitruc) Two powered variants of the XCG-20 were developed during the early 1950s, as the XC-123 and XC-123A. The only difference were the class of engines used. The XC-123 used two Pratt & Whitney R-2800-23 air-cooled radial piston engines, while the XC-123A was fitted with four General Electric J47-GE-11 turbojets, in two pods. The XC-123A also has the distinction, while being experimental, of being the first USAF's jet-powered military transport. While the piston-powered XC-123 was initially well-regarded for its ruggedness,reliability, and its ability to operate from short and unimproved airstrips, the turbojet-powered XC-123A – designed for high-speed transport between USAF bases for critical parts and personnel – was found unable to operate from short and rough airstrips. There was also no practical speed advantage due to the wing and fuselage design, and a drastic reduction in range. Only the one turbojet-powered test and evaluation version was built.

While the United States Air Force was interested in placing an order for the new transport, Chase did not have the production capacity to meet the Air Force's needs, and sought a partner to handle production of the new aircraft. By 1953, Henry J. Kaiser purchased a majority share in Chase Aircraft, feeling that after having completed C-119s for Fairchild under contract, he could take control of the impending C-123 contract. Two airframes were completed at Kaiser's Willow Run factory in Ypsilanti, Michigan, before a pricing scandal that led to Kaiser's being told that no further contracts with him would be honored. The C-123 contract was put up for bid, and the two completed airframes scrapped. The contract was finally awarded to Fairchild Engine and Airplane, who assumed production of the former Chase C-123B, a refined version of the XC-123. Before turning production over to Fairchild, Chase originally named their C-123B the AVITRUC but it never stuck.

Operational history

The first recipients of C-123 aircraft were USAF transport units, soon followed by the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) which used the aircraft for search and rescue (SAR) missions, and even the U.S. Air Force Demonstration Team, the "Thunderbirds," used C-123s for a time as a logistics support aircraft for transporting the team's ground crews and equipment. The type would also be widely exported under various U.S. military assistance programs, directly from USAF stocks. A C-123 was used to transport President John F. Kennedy's limousine during his November, 1963, Texas tour.

The C-123 was nearly ignored by the USAF for service in Vietnam, but a political rivalry with the U.S. Army and the Army's use of the CV-2 Caribou and later pre-production order for the de Havilland Canada C-8 Buffalo, led to a decision to deploy C-123s there. To compete with the well-performing CV-2, the USAF and Fairchild furthered development on the C-123 to allow it to do similar work on short runways. This additional development increased the utility of the aircraft and its variants to allow it to perform a number of unique tasks, including the HC-123B which operated with the USCG fitted with additional radar equipment for search and rescue missions through 1971, and the C-123J which was fitted with retractable skis for operations in Greenland and Alaska on compacted snow runways.

By 1962, the C-123K variant aircraft was evaluated for operations in Southeast Asia and their stellar performance led the Air Force to upgrade 180 of the C-123B aircraft to the new C-123K standard, which featured auxiliary jet pods underneath the wings, and anti-skid brakes. In 1968, the aircraft helped resupply troops in Khe Sanh, Vietnam, during a three-month siege by North Vietnam.

A number of C-123s were configured as VIP transports, including General William Westmoreland's White Whale. The C-123 also gained notoriety for its use in "Operation Ranch Hand" defoliation operations in Vietnam. Oddly enough, the USAF had officially chosen not to procure the VC-123C VIP transport, opting instead for the Convair VC-131D.

The first C-123s to reach South Vietnam were part of the USAF's Special Aerial Spray Flight, as part of Operation Ranch Hand tasked with defoliating the jungle in order to deny rebels their traditional hiding places. These aircraft began their operations at the end of 1961. Aircraft fitted with spraying equipment were given the U prefix as a role modifier, with the most common types being the UC-123B and the UC-123K. Aircraft configured for this use were the last to see military service, in the control of outbreaks of insect-borne disease. The C-123 was also used as "jump aircraft" for U.S. Army Airborne students located at Lawson Army Airfield, Fort Benning, Georgia from the early 1970s through the early 1980s. This aircraft was used in conjunction with the Lockheed C-130 Hercules and Lockheed C-141 Starlifter.

In 1958, the U.S. Coast Guard received its first HC-123B, followed by seven more in 1961. Installation of a dome on the nose of the aircraft accommodated a large radar allowing the plane to meet the requirements for search and rescue and long range flight over water.  The Coast Guard manned the aircraft with a crew of five: two officers serving as the pilot and copilot, augmented by an enlisted flight mechanic, an enlisted navigator, and an enlisted loadmaster. The HC-123B's role in the Coast Guard was slowly replaced by the longer-ranged Coast Guard HC-130 aircraft during the 1960s and 1970s as those newer airframes came on line.

With the end of the Vietnam War, remaining C-123Ks and UC-123Ks were transferred to tactical airlift units of the Air Force Reserve (AFRES) and the Air National Guard (ANG) that were operationally-gained by Tactical Air Command (TAC) before 1975 and Military Airlift Command (MAC) after 1975.

The 302nd Tactical Airlift Wing at Rickenbacker AFB (later Rickenbacker ANGB), Ohio, flew the last UC-123Ks Providers in operational service before being converted to the Lockheed C-130 Hercules. Known as the Special Spray Flight, these aircraft were used to control insect-borne diseases, with missions to Alaska, South America, and Guam being among the humanitarian missions performed by this Air Force Reserve unit.

The final examples of the C-123 in active U.S. military service were retired from the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard in the early 1980s. Some airframes were transferred to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for test and evaluation programs while others were transferred to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for miscellaneous programs. These aircraft were also retired by the end of the 1990s.

Experimental projects

In 1954, the YC-123D, formerly the XC-123A prototype, flew in its modified state after being converted by Stroukoff Aircraft. While the most obvious change from the original XC-123A was the switch of engines (to two  Wright Turbo Compound R3350-89A radial engines, turning four-blade, thirteen foot Aeroproducts constant-speed fully feathering propellers), the YC-123D also had a boundary layer control system fitted. This system directs air from the engines at high speed over the top of the wing, making the wing act as if the aircraft is flying at a higher airspeed. As a result, the YC-123D had a greatly reduced takeoff and landing distance. Compared to the C-123B, the YC-123D could land in 755 feet instead of 1,200, and takeoff with only 850 ft of runway instead of 1,950, with a 50,000 lb total weight.

In 1955, Stroukoff, under contract from the USAF, produced a single YC-123E, designed to be able to take off from any surface, and also equipped with BLC. The new aircraft also featured Stroukoff's Pantobase system, combining a ski system with a sealed fuselage and wing mounted floats, while retaining its normal landing gear. The skis worked both on snow and water, and the system effectively allowed the aircraft to land on water, land, snow or ice.

In 1956, the USAF awarded a contract to Fairchild to design an improved version of the C-123 under the designation C-136, but the contract was cancelled before the aircraft was built.

At much the same time, the YC-123H was under development, the product of a Fairchild modification program started in 1956 and completed in 1957. A "Jet Augmentation Program" for existing C-123Bs had been initiated in 1955 at the behest of the USAF, and in the YC-123H contract the USAF expanded it to allow the mounting of two pod-mounted General Electric J85 turbojets.

In 1979, the Royal Thai government, seeking to extend the life of their C-123 fleet, placed a contract with the Mancro Aircraft Company, supported by the USAF, to convert a single C-123B to turboprop powerplants. Allison T56-A-7 turboprops were used and by the time the aircraft, dubbed C-123T, was complete it had new "wet" wings, an auxiliary power unit (APU) to assist with power movement of the control surfaces, and a heating system for the cargo compartments that also fed a new de-icing system. Budgetary restrictions forced the Thai government to abandon the program in 1981, and with a lack of interested parties development of the C-123T stopped. However, it concluded the life of the C-123 by making it the only aircraft type to operate under jet, piston, and turboprop engine power, and as a glider, during its history.

The C-123T has recently been revived by a joint venture between the US-based Fleetwings Aircraft Company and the South African company Elmer Group. In 2010, they announced a project to initially remanufacture old airframes for African customers and, where there was demand, to build new aircraft. The airframes would be fitted with new turboprop Rolls-Royce T56-A-15 engines, a glass cockpit and other enhancements. The proposed C-123T would have had a 25,000 lb payload capability, and a take-off run of just over 1,000 ft at 50,000 lb MTOW. Possible applications included maritime patrol, search and rescue, and even use as a gunship, while roll-on packages have already been developed for mid-air refueling and agricultural applications.

Black Spot and other special military C-123s
During the Vietnam War, some C-123s were modified for specialized roles. Most of these modifications were on a one- or two-aircraft level. Only the usage of C-123s as "flare ships" to illuminate targets for fixed wing gunships such as the AC-47 and AC-119G were more numerous. These aircraft operating under the call-sign Candle were flown by the USAF's 14th Special Operations Wing.

A single C-123B was tested as a possible replacement for the Candle aircraft, with its rear loading ramp removed and replaced with a large box with 28 large lights. The aircraft could continuously light a  circle from an altitude of . This aircraft, under the provisional designation NC-123B, was dropped because the lights fixed to the aircraft made it far easier for enemy gunners to track compared to the earlier flare ships.

The "Candle" aircraft had an extended life when several UC-123Ks were transferred to Nakhon Phanom Royal Thai Air Force Base in Thailand. During that period, it was used as a flare ship as well as a forward air control (FAC) aircraft. The flare duties were generally used for troops in contact (TIC) while the FAC mission directed air strikes in Laos over the Ho Chi Minh trail.

Another NC-123B was used as a radio relay aircraft over the Ho Chi Minh trail, with equipment to read the signals from various sensors on the ground designed to pick up enemy truck activity.

Two C-123K aircraft modified in September 1965 under Project Black Spot. The Black Spot aircraft were to fit under the "self-contained night attack capability" that was Operation Shed Light's primary focus and E-Systems of Greenville, Texas, was contracted to complete the modifications. These aircraft featured a variety of new sensors including Low Light Level TV (LLLTV), Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR), and a laser rangefinder. The aircraft looked radically different visibly from its transport brethren, as the new equipment required lengthening the nose by over . The aircraft also featured an armament system designed to carry BLU-3/B (using the ADU-253/B adapter) or BLU-26/B (using the ADU-272/B adapter) bomblets, or CBU-68/B cluster bombs.

The two aircraft, AF Serial Numbers 54-0691 and 54-0698, were first designated NC-123K in 1968 and then redesignated AC-123K in 1969. These NC/AC-123Ks were first deployed operationally at Osan AB, South Korea, between August and October 1968, and flying in support of operations against North Korean infiltrators approaching by boat. The operations in Korea met with a certain level of success and as a result the NC/AC-123Ks were transferred to South Vietnam in November 1968. The aircraft operated there until January 1969, when they were redeployed to Ubon RTAB, Thailand. The two aircraft were then returned to the United States to Hurlburt Field, Florida, in May 1969, where a second round of training occurred. Four crews attended a ground school in Greenville, Texas, and returned to Hurlburt where they flew the aircraft for the first time.

The fate of the aircraft is still unclear. Sources have missions terminating in early July 1970 and the aircraft flying to the Military Aircraft Storage and Disposition Center (MASDC) "boneyard" at Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona, where they were returned to C-123K standard, then returned to South Vietnam still wearing their camouflage and black undersides for transport duty. However, the official history states that combat operations ceased on 11 May 1969, with no mention of the second deployment. While the second deployment is mentioned in associated documentation, the only dates are of the arrival in Thailand and there is no information as to when they departed or where their destination was.

Covert operations

Southeast Asia
In 1962, the CIA acquired five C-123Bs from USAF for Air America to be used in Laos and Vietnam, and another 5 C-123Bs to be used by Republic of China Air Force (Taiwan) top secret 34th Squadron, a Black Ops units called the "Black Bat", as Flight B section (Flight A section was the two P2V-7U/RB-69A). The five Taiwan C-123Bs were sent to Lockheed Skunk Works for modifications as covert insertion aircraft with "smart" air-to-air jammer, BSTR system to jam the radars of ground anti-aircraft guns, also added a defensive operator's station to operate the jammers on board, with extra fuel in underwing tanks, with 36 Taiwanese crew finished training courses at Pope AFB by November 1962.

The five ROCAF/Taiwan/CIA C-123Bs would be used over North Vietnam as low level and nighttime covert airdrop aircraft, under the South Star II agreement, under the guise of Taiwan's national airline, China Airlines, which had "cover story" of operating Vietnamese Air Transport (VIAT) in South Vietnam, that was formerly operated by Air America. The secret outfit was based in Saigon, but would fly out of Da Nang for airdrop missions going into North Vietnam, with some missions lasting 14 hours.

On 1 February 1964, the overall control of South Star II was transferred from CIA to Studies and Observations Group (SOG), as part of U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV) in Saigon. The outfit was redesignated as Det. 1 of USAF's 75th Troop Carrier Squadron (TCS), but within SOG it was known as the First Flight Detachment (FFD).

In May 1964, under "Project Duck Hook", six more C-123s received extensive modifications by Lockheed Air Service at Ontario, California, equipped with ATIR and BSTR ECM packages, ASN-25 Doppler navigation system, APN-153 terrain-following radar, a console station for radio operator, new HF radio and other radios. These aircraft were issued to the secret Taiwanese Black Bat unit operating in South Vietnam. In October 1964, MACV, CIA and ROCAF/Taiwan signed the South Star III agreement to continue the operation in Vietnam. The six "Duck Hook" C-123Bs were based at Nha Trang Air Base, north of Cam Ranh Bay, officially designated as USAF Det. 12 of 1131 Special Activities Squadron.

The "Duck Hook" C-123Bs were updated with RDR-10 weather radar and ARN-131 homing receiver in 1966 in order to perform missions over the Ho Chi Minh trail. All C-123Bs were converted to C-123Ks in 1968, with two wing-mounted turbjets, plus an ECM upgrade with APR-25 radar warning receiver and ALE-1 chaff dispenser. Project "Duck Hook" designation was ultimately changed to "Heavy Hook". The Det. 12 of 1131 Special Activities Squadron unit at Nha Trang received an outstanding unit award from the USAF, for flying 4,000 classified combat and combat support missions from June 1966 to May 1968.

In May 1970, C-123Ks from the "Black Bats" supported the secret U.S. military incursion into Cambodia. In October 1970, flights into Laos began. In March 1972, the SOG was deactivated, and the Southern Star operation ended with four surviving C-123Ks returned to Taiwan. On 1 March 1973, 34th "Black Bat" Squadron of ROCAF/Taiwan was disbanded.

Central America

On 5 October 1986, a Corporate Air Services C-123 Provider (HPF821, previously N4410F and USAF 54-679, (c/n 20128)) departed San Salvador-Ilopango Airport in El Salvador loaded with 70 AK-47 rifles and 100,000 rounds of ammunition, rocket grenades and other supplies. It flew along the coastline of Nicaragua and entered Nicaraguan airspace near the border with Costa Rica. Nearing San Carlos, the plane descended to 2,500 feet while preparing to drop off its cargo to Contra fighters.

While conducting the drop, the C-123 was shot down by a Sandinista soldier, using a SA-7 Grail. CIA pilots Wallace "Buzz" Sawyer and William Cooper were killed in the crash. Loadmaster Eugene Hasenfus parachuted to safety and was taken prisoner. He was later released in December 1986. The Fairchild C-123 that was shot down in Nicaragua remains there. Its sister ship, also a Fairchild C-123 that was purchased by the CIA at the same time as the first one, was then left abandoned at San Jose International Airport for a time and then was purchased for $3,000 and disassembled into 7 pieces and transported via boat to Quepos, Costa Rica and then reassembled and is now the center piece of a beachside cocktail lounge just up the road from Manual Antonio national park.

Agent Orange controversy
In 2011, a retired Air Force officer, Major Wesley T. Carter, filed a complaint with the Air Force Inspector General alleging that the Air Force knew that UC-123Ks used for spraying Agent Orange in Vietnam remained contaminated and that the Air Force had failed to properly inform subsequent flight crews of the risks following their transfer to the Air Force Reserve at the end of the Vietnam War. In his complaint, Major Carter contends that the Air Force has known since 1994 that the aircraft were contaminated with the defoliant; he cites the fact that when a former C-123 was being prepared for a permanent static display that workers had to use HAZMAT suits and respirators. Additionally, it is asserted that when the aircraft was tested by the Air Force, it contained high levels of the known carcinogen polychlorinated dibenzodioxin, studies since confirmed by the Oregon Health Sciences University and Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health.

The aircraft which were flown from 1972–1982, were assigned to the Air Force Reserve after their service in Vietnam, and used for normal cargo and aeromedical evacuation missions. Air crews accumulated hundreds of flight hours aboard several contaminated aircraft that were often flown with the windows open due to the smell and eye irritation. Memos surfaced showing that Air Force JAG officers recommended keeping the toxicity information, "...within official channels." Further, Major Carter located Air Force reports of dioxin-contaminated aircraft sold abroad, and of one used at the Robins AFB, Georgia Museum of Aviation with public access to the contaminated surfaces of the aircraft. In 2010, due to concerns about dioxin contamination, the Air Force took the unusual step of shredding all the remaining surplus C-123K/UC-123K aircraft and melting the scraps into ingots for disposal.

On 9 June 2011, the Secretary of the U.S. Air Force's Inspector General rejected Carter's complaints, and in a subsequent message explained, "Unfortunately, we do not have the ability to identify or notify the individuals in the categories you mention" when asked if the military would alert the aircrews regarding their exposure to dioxin. On 18 June 2011, the veterans' complaint was accepted with the Department of Defense Inspector General, adding the request that the UC-123K aircraft themselves be designated by the Secretary of Defense as "Agent Orange Exposure Sites".

In December 2011, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs posted two notices of its decision that, while the post-Vietnam aircraft "may" have been contaminated, the aircrews were "unlikely" to have suffered exposure to dioxin. In an unusual response, the U.S. Center for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry quickly countered the VA position on 25 January 2012 with a statement by their Deputy Director concluding that aircrews and maintenance personnel most likely were exposed well beyond military and government surface-wipe screening levels.

Variants

Chase XCG-20
Two prototype all-metal troop transport gliders built by Chase Aircraft, later designated the XG-20, one became the XC-123, the other the XC-123A.
Chase XC-123
Former XG-20 fitted with two  R-2800-23 engines.
Chase XC-123A
Former XG-20 fitted with four J47-GE-11 turbojets in pairs (of the type used by the B-36 and B-47) under wings.
C-123B
Production model based on the XC-123 with two  R-2800-99W engines with accommodation for 61 troops or 50 stretchers, five built by Chase and 302 build by Fairchild Aircraft.
UC-123B
C-123Bs modified for defoliation and crop destruction duties.
VC-123C
Executive transport version of the jet-powered XC-123A, not built.
Stroukoff YC-123D
One aircraft built by Stroukoff with boundary layer control system for improved STOL performance.
Stroukoff YC-123E
One aircraft built by Stroukoff with modified fin and rudder, modified fuselage bottom (called Pantobase) and pontoon floats to allow operation from water, sand, snow or ice.
YC-123H
Prototype with wide track undercarriage and two underwing J85 booster engines.
C-123J
C-123B with two wing tip mounted Fairchild J44-R-3 booster engines, 10 converted.
C-123K
C-123Bs with two underwing J85 booster engines and larger wheels, 183 converted.
AC-123K/NC-123K
Two C-123Bs converted for armed nighttime surveillance with special sensors.
C-123L
Proposed STOL variant with T-64 turboprop engines and a wide-track, large-wheel main landing gear – not proceeded with. (Fairchild Model M-541 Tactical Airlift Transport)
C-123T
Proposed upgrade for Royal Thai Air Force C-123Bs including installation of turboprop engines; cancelled after one prototype due to budgetary reasons.
HC-123B
 USCG search and rescue variant
UC-123K
C-123Ks converted for Ranch Hand defoliation missions, 34 converted.
VC-123K
One C-123K converted as personal transport for General Westmoreland's use in Vietnam.
Stroukoff YC-134
One aircraft built by Stroukoff, as C-123B but fitted with boundary layer control system, tailplane endplates, redesigned landing gear with tandem main wheels. Later designated YC-134A when fitted with Pantobase landing gear.
YC-136
Proposed improved variant; cancelled before any aircraft built.

Operators

Brazilian Air Force – two resold to VARIG

Khmer Air Force - received 21 C-123Ks in 1973

Republic of China Air Force
 34th "Black Bat Squadron", 1962 to 1973
 4 C-123K, retired in 1981

Air Force of El Salvador - received three C-123Ks in 1982

Royal Lao Air Force - received 10 in 1973
Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force

Philippine Air Force - received 19 from 1973

Royal Saudi Air Force - Six C-123Bs acquired in 1957. Five returned to US in 1966–67.

Republic of Korea Air Force - C-123Ks from 1973 and C-123Js from 1977

Republic of Vietnam Air Force - 64 C-123Ks acquired 1971–72.

Royal Thai Air Force

United States Air Force
United States Coast Guard

Venezuelan Air Force - 18 C-123Bs acquired 1958, in use until 1983

Accidents and incidents

9 October 1958: A C-123B Provider, AF Ser. No. 55-452', en route from Hill AFB, Utah to McChord AFB, Washington, with five USAF Thunderbirds flight crew and 14 maintenance personnel, flew through a flock of birds and crashed into a hillside six miles east of Payette, Idaho, just before 1830, killing all on board.   This accident remains the worst loss-of-life in the Thunderbirds team history.
11 December 1964: A Republic of Vietnam Air Force C-123B (#55-4522) crashed into Sơn Trà Mountain shortly after takeoff from Da Nang Air Base killing all 38 onboard.
11 December 1965: En route to Tuy Hoa Air Base, a USAF C-123 hit some trees on top of a ridge, causing it to enter a spin and crash. Four American officers and 81 South Vietnamese paratroopers were killed.
24 January 1966: A C-123K operated by the USAF (Registration 54-0702) lost power and crashed after take-off from An Khe, en route to Bong Son.  The aircraft was transporting troops taking part in Operation Masher.  The crew of four and 42 members of the 1st Air Cavalry Division were killed.
18 May 1966: C-123B Provider shot down in An Khe, South Vietnam.
27 November 1970: A C-123K #55-4574 on approach to Nha Trang Air Base in poor visibility crashed into terrain killing six U.S. crew and 73 South Vietnamese.
29 November 1970: A C-123K #54-0649 on approach to Cam Ranh Air Base crashed into terrain killing 42 onboard.
27 December 1971:  A C-123K enroute from Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base, to Xieng Lom located in northwestern Laos, was reportedly shot down by anti-aircraft fire approximately 35 km east northeast of Xieng Lom resulting in the loss of four crew members. In October, 1997, a Joint Task Force (JTF 98-IL) located the crash site.  After three excavations (2017-2018) the remains of three crew members were identified.
16 October 1980: A UC-123K of the Ohio Air National Guard crashed shortly after take off en route home from Fort Sill, Oklahoma to Rickenbacker ANGB, Ohio. Four crew members died on impact, the fifth died later.
6 February 1982: A South Korean Air Force C-123 crashed into a volcano while on approach to Jeju International Airport, killing all 53 people on board.
1 June 1982: A South Korean Air Force C-123 crashed into Mt. Choenggye, killing all 53 people on board.
1 August 2010: The aircraft used for flying scenes in the movie Con Air, C-123K, former AF Ser. No. 54-0709, FAA registration N709RR (cn: 20158), crashed in Denali National Park while performing a cargo flight for All West Freight. All three crew members died.

Surviving aircraft

 54-0555 – Royal Thai Air Force Museum, Don Muang AFB.
 54-0576 – Jesada Technik Museum, Thailand, C-123K (aircraft used in Operation Dumbo Drop) (not listed on museum website)
 54-0580 – Pima Air and Space Museum (adjacent to Davis-Monthan AFB), Tucson, Arizona, C-123(B)K (On loan from US Forest Service)
 54-0593 – Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, Texas
 54-0604 – Dyess AFB, Texas, C-123K (on loan from NMUSAF)
 54-0609 – Fort Bragg, North Carolina, 82nd Airborne Division War Memorial Museum, C-123K
 54-0610 – Hill Aerospace Museum, Hill AFB, Utah, C-123K (on loan from NMUSAF).
 54-0612 – March ARB, California, March Field Air Museum, C-123K (on loan from NMUSAF).
 54-0624 – Benito Ebuen AFB, Mactan Island, Philippines, PAF
 54-0629 – McGuire AFB, Trenton, New Jersey
 54-0633 – Robins AFB, Georgia, Museum of Aviation, C-123B (on loan from NMUSAF).
 54-0658 – Dover AFB, Delaware, Air Mobility Command Museum, C-123K (on loan from NMUSAF).
 54-0663 – El Avion restaurant in Hotel Costa Verde, Costa Rica has the twin of the CIA-operated aircraft downed by the Sandinista forces over Nicaragua in 1986. The aircraft has been converted into a bar.
 54-0664 – Air Heritage Aviation Museum in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania; this museum's C-123K, nicknamed "Thunder Pig," is operational and available for air shows. This is the last remaining C-123K that's still airworthy
 54-0668 – Lackland AFB, Texas, C-123K (on loan from NMUSAF)
 54-0669 – Pope AAF (former Pope AFB), North Carolina, Pope Air Park, C-123K (painted as AF Ser. No. 54-0372) (on loan from NMUSAF)
 54-0674 – Air America Foundation, Inc., owns a C-123K, housed at Space Coast Regional Airport, Titusville, Florida.
 54-0683 – Air Force Flight Test Museum, California, sitting alongside a C-119 Flying Boxcar on an unused runway south of the air base. This aircraft was auctioned off in early 2016.
 54-0687 – Muan International Airport, South Korea
 54-0695 – Mid-America Transportation and Aviation Museum, Sioux City, Iowa.
 55-4505 – Pima Air and Space Museum (adjacent to Davis-Monthan AFB), Tucson, Arizona, C-123B (on loan from NMUSAF, former Ranch Hand aircraft)
 55-4507 – Travis AFB, California, Travis Air Museum, C-123K (on loan from NMUSAF).
 55-4509 – Jeju Aerospace Museum, South Korea
 55-4512 – Castle Airport (former Castle AFB), California, Castle Air Museum, C-123K (on loan from NMUSAF).
 55-4533 – Hurlburt Field, Florida, Hurlburt Field Memorial Air Park, C-123K (on loan from NMUSAF)
 55-4558 – Museum of Alaska Transport and Industry, Wasilla Airport, Alaska
 55-4567 – Little Rock AFB, Arkansas, C-123K (on loan from NMUSAF)
 56-4360 – Jinpo maritime Theme park, Gunsan, South Korea
 56-4361 – Wendover Airport, Wendover, Utah
 56-4362 – National Museum of the United States Air Force, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, C-123K (Patches, former Ranch Hand aircraft).
 56-4375 – Ilopango International Airport, El Salvador, C-123K with serial FAS-122 is on static display, this is one of the original aircraft provided by the United States Air Force to the Salvadorean Air Force during the Salvadoran Civil War. When was in service with the USAF, it was used, by General William Westmoreland, during the Vietnam War conflict, back then was called "The White Whale" VC-123B 56-4375 (AF 56-4375) which were used as VIP transports.
 56-4386/9 – War Memorial of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
 56-4395 – Former Kulis ANGB, Anchorage, Alaska, C-123J (on loan from NMUSAF)
 UNKNOWN – SpringHill Camps, Evart, Michigan. This C-123K has been repurposed as a camp cabin for year-round use.
 UNKNOWN – Caltex gas station, Bang Whua subdistrict, Bang Pakong district, Chachoengsao province, Thailand. Retired C-123B of the Royal Thai Air Force converted into a cafe called "Coffee 123" or more popularly known by the locals as the airplane cafe.

Several other examples of C-123s remain in an active flying status, operated by private owners in the United States or by various air forces worldwide.

Specifications (C-123K Provider)

Notable appearances in media

A C-123K (54-709), N709RR (since destroyed in a crash in 2010) was prominently featured in the action film Con Air (1997); other C-123s appeared in Air America (1990), Outbreak (1995), Operation Dumbo Drop (1995) and American Made (2017), none of which were used in Operation Ranch Hand.

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

Andrade, John. U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909. Leichester, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1979. .
 Beck, Simon D. "Database: Fairchild C-123 Provider". Aeroplane, February 2022, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 115–131.
Boerschig Jr, Charles A. Black Spot Special Activities Report. Ubon, Thailand: Black Spot Task Force, 1969.
 Bridgman, Leonard. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1958-59. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd., 1958.
Davis, Larry. Gunships: A Pictorial History of Spooky.  Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1982.
Green, William. The Observer's Basic Book of Aircraft: Military. London: Frederic Warne, 1967.
Green, William and Gerald Pollinger. The Aircraft of the World. London: Macdonald, 1955.
Gunston, Bill. The Encyclopedia of World Air Power. New York: Crescent Books, 1980a. .
Gunston, Bill, ed. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Commercial Aircraft. New York: Exeter Books, 1980b. .
 Gunston, Bill. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the World's Modern Military Aircraft. London: Salamander Books, 1977. .
Halliday, John T. Flying Through Midnight. London: New Scribner/Lisa Drew Book, 2007. .
Smith, C.M. History of the Black Spot Task Force, 29 July 1968–11 May 1969. Eglin Air Force Base, Florida: Black Spot Task Force, undated.
Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1969–70. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1969. .

External links

Joe M. Jackson's mission in C-123 that earned him a Medal of Honor
Page detailing the world's only C-123T "Turbo Provider" conversion

C-123 Provider
C-123 Provider
Fairchild C-123 Provider
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft with auxiliary jet engines
Aircraft first flown in 1949
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Gunships

Fairchild C-123 Provider


Ioan Stan Mihăescu (n. 1854, Săpânța, județul Maramureș – d. 1927, Săpânța) a fost un deputat la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, ca delegat al cercului electoral Teceu, Maramureș.

Biografie
Ioan Stan Mihăescu a studiat doar patru clase la școala primară din sat, a fost membru Al Sfatului Național Săpânța, și al Gărzii Naționale. Ioan Stan Mihăescu a decedat la Săpânța în anul 1928.

Bibliografie

 Ioan I. Șerban, Dorin Giurgiu, Ionela Mircea, Nicolae Josan, Dicționarul personalităților Unirii. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Muzeul Național al Unirii, Alba Iulia, 2003, ISBN 973-8141-90-7

Lectură suplimentară

 Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Muzeul Național Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, 1998
 Florea Marin, Medicii și Marea Unire, Editura Tipomur, Târgu Mureș, 1993
 Silviu Borș, Alexiu Tatu, Bogdan Andriescu, (coord.), Participanți din localități sibiene la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, Editura Armanis, Sibiu, 2015

Legături externe

  Membrii de drept ai Marii Adunării Naționale de la Alba-Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, lista publicată în "Gazeta Oficială", Sibiu, nr. 1, 1/14 decembrie 1918

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nașteri în 1854
Decese în 1928
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Ioan Stan Mihăescu


est le douzième album studio du groupe de rock américain Red Hot Chili Peppers sorti le  chez Warner Records. Il marque le retour du guitariste John Frusciante, qui quitta le groupe pour la seconde fois en 2009, ainsi que du producteur Rick Rubin, dont la dernière collaboration remonte à 2011.

Le premier single de l'album, Black Summer, est dévoilé le  et le second, These Are The Ways, est publié le . Avant la sortie de l'album paraissent également les titres Poster Child et Not The One, respectivement le  et le .

Genèse

Contexte
À la suite du second départ de John Frusciante, le , les Red Hot Chili Peppers engagent le guitariste Josh Klinghoffer. À partir de 2002, Klinghoffer, alors ami proche de Frusciante, compose et enregistre pour les albums solos de ce dernier. Il est notamment crédité sur les albums Shadows Collide with People (2004), The Will to Death (2004), Inside of Emptiness (2004),  (2004) et The Empyrean (2009). Les deux musiciens forment également, avec Joe Lally, le groupe Ataxia, avec lequel ils publient deux albums. Au moment du départ de Frusciante des Red Hot Chili Peppers, Klinghoffer est déjà proche du groupe puisqu'en , il est guitariste de tournée sur les dernières dates de l'Intergalactic Tour. Sous cette nouvelle incarnation, les Red Hot Chili Peppers publient deux albums, I'm with You (2011) et The Getaway (2016), ainsi qu'un double vinyle intitulé I'm Beside You (2013). De son côté, Frusciante s'intéresse depuis  à la musique électronique et publie plusieurs albums de ce genre, certains sous son alias Trickfinger.

À l'été 2018, Flea et Frusciante sont vus ensemble pour la première fois depuis onze ans, lors d'un match de boxe à Los Angeles. Selon Klinghoffer, à cette même période, l'ancien guitariste déjeune avec Anthony Kiedis puis reprend contact avec le manager de tournée du groupe. Frusciante aurait également envoyé plusieurs mails au groupe et toute son équipe de production pour . Klinghoffer et Frusciante se parlent pour la première fois en une décennie au mariage de Flea le  : l'échange est . À l'insu de Klinghoffer, Flea et Frusciante « jamment » plusieurs fois ensemble à l'automne  et l'ancien guitariste se dit « intéressé » lorsque Flea lui évoque l'idée de reprendre sa place au sein du groupe. Frusciante déclare : .

Klinghoffer ne s'inquiète pas pour autant du comportement intrusif de son ancien collaborateur car, à partir de la fin de l'année , le groupe entame l'écriture d'un prochain album. Les sessions d'écriture sont éparses et les musiciens manquent de perdre leur travail dans les incendies de 2018 en Californie. En , alors que l'enregistrement du album avec Klinghoffer n'a pas encore commencé, Flea insiste au cours d'une session d'autographes que le prochain album sortira en 2020. Il révèle ainsi que les Red Hot Chili Peppers n'avaient pas encore pris la décision de remercier Klinghoffer à cette date.  avant le départ du guitariste, ce qui était pour lui l'assurance qu'il ne se ferait pas remplacer de sitôt, mais les quatres musiciens auraient été « plus que déçus » par ce que cet album dégageait. Kiedis déclare à propos de cet album avorté qu'il .

Kiedis et Flea s'accordent à penser . Le guitariste évoque comme raison de son retour l'envie de vivre avec ses anciens acolytes un nouveau , plus justes et plus encourageants, jugeant son comportement passé égocentrique : . Kiedis se dit reconnaissant .

Le , à l'issue d'une courte réunion de groupe dans la maison de Flea, Klinghoffer se voit congédié par le bassiste qui lui annonce également que les musiciens ont . Klinghoffer ne se voit pas surpris : , avoue-t-il, ajoutant que  et qu'il est . Flea déclare que la séparation avec Klinghoffer a été difficile, mais qu'.

Le , Frusciante joue de nouveau sur scène pour la première fois depuis , sans la présence du batteur Chad Smith alors en déplacement pour une exposition d'art et remplacé par Stephen Perkins. Il s'agit d'une cérémonie à la Tony Hawk Foundation en mémoire du producteur de films Andrew Burkle, fils du millionnaire Ronald Burkle. Entre mai et , un minimum de dix concerts entre les États-Unis et l'Europe est prévu pour le groupe. Toutes les dates sont annulées ou reportées à cause des restrictions sanitaires liées à la pandémie de Covid-19.

Enregistrement et production
Dès janvier 2020, les Red Hot Chili Peppers se retrouvent pour répéter des chansons . Pour se réhabituer à jouer ensemble, les musiciens jouent des titres classiques, hors de leur répertoire : Hot Little Mama (1955) de Johnny « Guitar » Watson, Waterloo Sunset (1967) des Kinks, Trash (1973) des New York Dolls et Some Other Guy (1962) de Richard Barrett, entre autres. Ils répètent ensuite de  chansons des Red Hot Chili Peppers. Rick Rubin, invité pour assister au premier , se dit très ému de retrouver la formation avec qui il a collaboré sur quatre albums : .

Lorsque que la pandémie de Covid-19 atteint les États-Unis, les membres du groupe profitent de cette période pour prendre deux mois de congé pour composer à domicile. Ils se rassemblent ensuite au studio  pour mettre leurs idées en commun, avec un seul technicien dans la pièce. Rick Rubin reprend son rôle de producteur, « un choix évident » pour Anthony Kiedis, et, fidèle à son habitude, reste passif et contemplatif durant ces premières sessions.

En , le groupe entre au studio Shangri-La de Malibu avec plus d'une centaine de chansons à travailler, dont environ 45 en « bon état » pour commencer l'enregistrement. Quelques chansons sont écrites après l'entrée en studio, tel que le titre Veronica. Kiedis passe cinq mois sur l'île de Kauai, à Hawaï, à écrire et enregistrer les paroles d'un total de , qui seront toutes . Les musiciens enregistrent les pistes de base en jouant dans la même pièce. John Frusciante se voit contraint d'enregistrer ses solos en même temps que les « overdubs », l'utilisation de l'Effet Larsen et son volume sonore intensif pouvant involontairement être capturé par les micros de la batterie de Chad Smith. La panoplie du guitariste, fort d'une décennie d'expérimentations en musique électronique, s'étoffe de nouveaux modules « rackables » en addition à ses pédales d'effets traditionnelles. Contrairement à la tendance en production musicale, les Red Hot Chili Peppers continuent d'enregistrer leurs chansons sur bande magnétique. Unlimited Love est ainsi enregistré sur un magnétophone 24 pistes A827 de Studer. Le groupe sort du studio en .

À l'instar de Stadium Arcadium (2006), Frusciante s'implique activement dans le mixage de l'album. L'ingénieur du son Ryan Hewitt, qui mixa sept des albums solos du guitariste, reconnaît  entre Frusciante et lui lorsqu'ils travaillent ensemble. Le mixage de l'album prend fin à la mi- aux , à Hollywood.

Pour les Red Hot Chili Peppers, la vision initiale est de sortir un , une idée à laquelle Warner Records s'oppose. Le label s'accorde avec le groupe sur le projet de sortir deux albums avec six mois d'écart. Les musiciens, estimant que , évaluent presque naturellement les chansons comme appartenant à deux entités . L'album suivant et publié la même année, Return of the Dream Canteen (2022), est composé de 17 des titres enregistrés au studio Shangri-La.

Sortie et promotion

Le 28 janvier 2022, une vidéo énigmatique postée sur les réseaux sociaux du groupe, comprenant un riff de guitare. Le , après plus de six ans d'absence, les Red Hot Chili Peppers publient le single , dévoilé avec un clip vidéo réalisé par Deborah Chow et posté sur YouTube. Le titre annonce la date de sortie de l'album pour le . Le clip vidéo de Poster Child, réalisé par le studio français Julien & Thami, est publié le  et la chanson Not the One est révélée le . Ces deux titres ne sont pourtant pas officiellement considérés comme des singles d'Unlimited Love. Le , jour de publication de l'album, le second single These Are the Ways est introduit avec un clip vidéo réalisé par Malia James. D'après ,  partage la création de riffs mélancoliques, de refrains entêtants et de mélodies doucement chantées , tout en introduisant de nouveaux éléments  et acoustiques.

La veille de la sortie de , le 31 mars 2022, les Red Hot Chili Peppers inaugurent leur étoile sur le , en présence de leurs amis de longue date George Clinton, Bob Forrest et Woody Harrelson. Le , le groupe organise un concert surprise au  et joue pour la première fois des titres de l'album.

Tournée
Le 7 octobre 2021, le groupe annonce, à travers une parodie de journal télévisé, une tournée mondiale débutant en Europe en . L'Unlimited Love World Tour débute à Séville le . Les premières parties sont assurées par The Strokes, Beck, Haim, St. Vincent, Anderson .Paak, Thundercat et King Princess. En France, les Californiens remplissent le Stade de France deux soirs de suite, les 8 et . {{ référence nécessaire |Aux États-Unis, lUnlimited Love World Tour'' est la première tournée de stades où le groupe est la tête d'affiche exclusive}}.

Début 2023, le groupe jouera en Océanie, accompagné par Post Malone en première partie.

 Fiche technique

 Liste des titres
Toutes les chansons sont écrites et composées par Anthony Kiedis, Flea, John Frusciante et Chad Smith.

 Interprètes Red Hot Chili Peppers Anthony Kiedis - chant
 Flea - guitare basse, chœurs
 John Frusciante - guitares, chœurs, mellotron (Poster Child), synthétiseur (Poster Child)
 Chad Smith - batterie, tambourin (Black Summer)Musiciens additionnels'''
 Matt Rollings - piano (Black Summer)
 Cory Henry - orgue (Poster Child)
 Lenny Castro - percussion (Poster Child)

Équipe de production
 Rick Rubin - production
 Ryan Hewitt - mixage
 Bernie Grundman - mastering
 Vlado Meller - mastering
 Jeremy Lubsey - assistant de production
 Gage Freeman - assistant de production
 Eric Lynn - co-originator production
 Chris Warren - Technicien
 Lawrence Malchose, Charlie Bolois et Henry Trejo - techniciens de studio
 Sami Bañuelos - assistant du groupe

Crédits

Aura T-09, Sarah Zoraya - Creative Director, Design
Elie Pesqué - Neon Sign Design
Clara Balzary - Photography

Références

Album des Red Hot Chili Peppers
Album musical sorti en 2022
Album numéro un au Billboard 200
Album numéro un au Billboard Top Rock Albums
Album numéro un au Canada
Album numéro un au Portugal
Album numéro un au Royaume-Uni
Album numéro un aux Pays-Bas
Album numéro un en Allemagne
Album numéro un en Australie
Album numéro un en Autriche
Album numéro un en Écosse
Album numéro un en France
Album numéro un en Irlande
Album numéro un en Nouvelle-Zélande
Album numéro un en Suisse
Album produit par Rick Rubin
Album publié par Warner Records

Unlimited Love


الفجوج هي بلدية تابعة لدائرة هيليوبوليس وهي بلدية من بلديات ولاية قالمة الجزائرية، تبعد عن الولاية بحوالي 5كم فقط وتبلغ مساحتها حوال 64كم² ،ويبلغ عدد سكانها حسب إحصائيات سنة 2008 ما يقارب 10000 نسمة. تعتبر مدينة الفجوج مدينة قديمة حيث أنها كانت تسمى واد التوتة نسبة لمرور الواد بها(قبل الاستعمار الفرنسي) ثم سميت كالرمانKalirmen نسبة للعسكري الذي كان يحكمها أثناء الاستعمار الفرنسي للجزائر ثم أخذت اسم الفجوج (جمع فج)، نسبة إلى وقوعها وسط فجوج الجبال.

موقع مدينة الفجوج الجغرافي
تقع مدينة الفجوج في شمال غرب مدينة قالمة،يحدها من الشرق دائرة هيليوبوليس ومن الشمال بلديةحمام أولادعليو ''''بوعاتي محمود'''' ومن الغرب بلدية"""الركنية""و""صالح ""ومن الجنوب مدينة "قالمة"
و تعتبر بلدية الفجوج بلدية فلاحة لي احتوائها علي مساحات زراعية شاسعة وتعتبر زراعة البطاطة والقمح والطماطم من أهم المزروعات بالإضافة لي احتوائها علي عدة مصانع منه مجمع عمر بن عمر (مصبرات بن عمر.مطاحن بن عمر.عجائن بن عمر) وتحتوي علي وحداتين لي إنتاج الحليب المبستر (بني فوغال.صافية) و6 محاجر و3 شركات لي تهيئة الطرقات وتزيفها (الجزيرة العربية.بدود .علامة)و 3 مصانع الاجر ومطاحن الصافية وتعتبر بلدية الفجوج من اغني بلديات الولاية.

أهم أحياء الفجوج
 حي محمداتني علي ( أكبر الاحياء)
 حي بازر(الإخوة بالغربي)
 حي تباني السبتي
 الحي السكني
 حي البهالّى (عين الريحانة)
 حي نحصيصات ماضي علي (لوتيسمو)
 حي الكاليتوس
 حي لونيس بوقرة (القرية)
 حي بودور إسماعيل (الذي يقام فيه السوق الأسبوعي يوم الثلاثاء)

مراجع

بلديات ولاية قالمة

الفجوج


Magical Mystery Tour, 1967'de the Beatles yapımı bir filmdir. Filmin absürt ve psychedelic yapısı filmin anlaşılmasını oldukça zor kılsa da film, grubun hayranları tarafından bir klasik olarak sayılmaktadır. Filmde bir grup insan ilginç ve sihirli bir otobüs gezintisine çıkarlar ve bu yolculuk sırasında beklenmeyen, gerçeküstü olaylarla karşılaşırlar.

Dış bağlantılar
 Complete Film

1967 çıkışlı filmler
Birleşik Krallık televizyon filmleri
1960'larda İngilizce filmler

Magical Mystery Tour (film)


Alaattin Tosun (* 10. November 1983 in Akçaabat) ist ein deutsch-türkischer ehemaliger Fußballspieler.

Karriere
Alaattin Tosun kam 1983 in der Hafenstadt Akçaabat an der Schwarzmeerküste zur Welt und zog bereits in Kindesalter mit seinen Eltern nach Deutschland. Hier begann er mit dem Vereinsfußball in der Jugend vom Wuppertaler SV. Hier war er bis zum Sommer 1995 aktiv und wechselte dann in die Jugend vom 1. FC Köln. Zur Saison 2004/05 wurde er dann in den Kader des 1. FC Köln II aufgenommen und spielte fortan zwei Spielzeiten lang als Stammspieler.

Im Sommer 2006 wechselte er in die Türkei zum TFF-2.Lig-Klub Eyüpspor. Hier konnte er sich auf Anhieb in der Mannschaft etablieren und spielte zwei Saisons durchgängig. Anschließend ging er zum Zweitligisten Orduspor und war hier zwei Jahre aktiv.

Zur Saison 2010/11 wechselte er wieder in die TFF 2. Lig zu Şanlıurfaspor. Bereits eine Spielzeit später verließ er Şanlıurfaspor Richtung Elazığspor, der in die zweite Liga aufgestiegen war. Hier kam er von Anfang an zu regelmäßigen Einsätzen. Am vorletzten Spieltag schaffte man den sicheren Aufstieg in die Süper Lig.

Im Sommer 2012 wechselte er zum türkischen Zweitligisten Kayseri Erciyesspor. Mit Kayseri Erciyesspor erreichte er zum Saisonende die Meisterschaft der TFF 1. Lig und damit den direkten Aufstieg in die Süper Lig. Da sein auslaufender Vertrag nicht verlängert wurde, heuerte er für die kommende Saison beim Zweitligisten Istanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor an.

Zur Saison 2014/15 wechselte Tosun zum Zweitligisten Adana Demirspor. In der nächsten Winterpause zog er zum Ligarivalen Giresunspor weiter und in der Sommertransferperiode zum Drittligisten Niğde Belediyespor. Seine letzten beiden Profijahre spielte er beim Viertligisten Yomraspor.

Erfolge
Elazığspor
 Vizemeister der TFF 1. Lig und Aufstieg in die Süper Lig: 2011/12

Kayseri Erciyesspor
 Meister der TFF 1. Lig und Aufstieg in die Süper Lig: 2012/13

Büyükşehir Belediyespor
 Meister der TFF 1. Lig und Aufstieg in die Süper Lig: 2013/14

Weblinks

Fußballspieler (1. FC Köln)
Fußballspieler (Adana Demirspor)
Fußballspieler (Elazığspor)
Fußballspieler (Eyüpspor)
Fußballspieler (Giresunspor)
Fußballspieler (Istanbul Başakşehir FK)
Fußballspieler (Kayseri Erciyesspor)
Fußballspieler (Niğde Anadolu FK)
Fußballspieler (Orduspor)
Fußballspieler (Şanlıurfaspor)
Fußballspieler (Yomraspor)
Sportler (Köln)
Türke
Deutscher
Geboren 1983
Mann

Alaattin Tosun


António Martins Duque, mais conhecido como Pepe (Azaruja, 22 de julho de 1928 - 14 de janeiro de 2020), foi um futebolista português, que jogou como atacante e extremo direito. Jogou na Primeira Divisão portuguesa pelo Lusitano de Évora entre 1952 e 1954. Poucos dias ante de falecer deu uma entrevista ao canal do clube em que lembrava a vitoriosa gesta da primeira subida do Lusitano de Évora à primeira divisão e os festejos que se deram em Évora em 1952.

Destacou-se, ainda, por ter marcado um golo ao FC Porto na vitória por 3-0 em 1952/53.. Chegou a ser chamado para a representar a Seleção Nacional num particular frente à Argentina.

Retirou-se muito jovem aos 26 anos. O adeus precoce do extremo ao futebol foi para ajudar o pai na indústria da cortiça.

Futebolistas de Portugal

António Pepe Martins Duque


Potpun graf je jednostavan graf u kojem je svaki par vrhova spojen bridom.

U potpunom grafu vrijedi:

 Tada je broj bridova u potpunom grafu

Suprotno od potpunog grafa je prazan graf u kojem ni jedan vrh nije spojen ni s jednim drugim vrhom u grafu.

Potpun bipartitan graf - Jednostavan bipartitan graf s biparticijom (X, Y ) u kojima je svaki vrh iz X spojen sa svakim vrhom iz Y.

Izvori

Teorija grafova

Potpun graf


Cosmo caudatus é uma planta anual do gênero Cosmos. É conhecida no Brasil como amor-de-moça.

Cosmos caudatus


Sorbose is a ketose belonging to the group of sugars known as monosaccharides. It has a sweetness that is equivalent to sucrose (table sugar). The commercial production of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) often begins with sorbose.  L-Sorbose is the configuration of the naturally occurring sugar.  It can be prepared from inexpensive O-benzylglucose.

Synthesis
Under conditions employed for a Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction, the tetra-O-benzyl aldose converts to tetra-O-benzylsorbose.  Hydrogenolysis removes the four benzyl groups, leaving sorbose.

References

Ketohexoses

Sorbose


Colin Baker kan henvise til følgende personer:

 Colin Baker (fodboldspiller), en walisisk fodboldspiller
 Colin Baker (skuespiller), en britisk skuespiller

Colin Baker


An Ponerorchis tominagae in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Bunzo Hayata, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Horng Jye Su och J.J.Chen. An Ponerorchis tominagae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ponerorchis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Taiwan. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ponerorchis

Ponerorchis tominagae


Port Everglades é um porto marítimo em Fort Lauderdale, Flórida, localizado no Condado de Broward. O porto é um dos principais motores econômicos do sul da Flórida, pois é a porta de entrada tanto para o comércio internacional quanto para cruzeiros de férias. Em 2019, foi classificado como o terceiro porto de cruzeiros mais movimentado do mundo, acomodando mais de 3,89 milhões de passageiros. Foi também um dos portos de contêineres mais movimentados da Flórida e classificado entre os 20 mais movimentados dos Estados Unidos, movimentando mais de 1 milhão de TEUs anualmente.

O porto também é o principal porto marítimo do sul da Flórida para produtos petrolíferos, incluindo gasolina, combustível de aviação e combustíveis alternativos. Serve como o principal local de armazenamento e distribuição de produtos petrolíferos refinados. Distribui combustível para 12 condados da Flórida e fornece combustível para aviação a quatro aeroportos internacionais. Também é reconhecido como um porto de liberdade favorito da Marinha dos Estados Unidos. Com uma profundidade de 13 m (na maré baixa média), é atualmente o porto mais profundo dos Estados Unidos (Oceano Atlântico) ao sul de Norfolk, Virgínia.

Port Everglades é o porto marítimo nº 1 na Flórida em receita, bem como um dos principais portos de contêineres do estado. Ademais, é consistentemente classificado entre os três principais portos de cruzeiros de vários dias do mundo, com 902 escalas de navios e 3,89 milhões de passageiros no ano fiscal de 2019, e o segundo porto petrolífero na Flórida, com 526 escalas de navios e 125,8 milhões de barris.

Notas

Everglades
Condado de Broward

Port Everglades


Akkaya, Çorum ilinin Kargı ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1946 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 96 km, Kargı ilçe merkezine 40 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Galeri

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Kargı belde ve köyleri

Akkaya, Kargı


Annelie Wilden, geborene Annelie Klum (* 20. November 1949) ist eine ehemalige deutsche Sprinterin.

Bei den Leichtathletik-Halleneuropameisterschaften gewann sie dreimal eine Staffelmedaille mit der bundesdeutschen Mannschaft: 1970 in Wien sowie 1971 in Sofia in der 4-mal-200-Meter-Staffel und 1973 in Rotterdam Gold in der 4-mal-360-Meter-Staffel.

Bei den Leichtathletik-Europameisterschaften 1971 in Helsinki schied sie über 200 Meter im Zwischenlauf aus.

1970 und 1972 wurde sie bei den Deutschen Meisterschaften Dritte über 200 Meter. In der Halle wurde sie über dieselbe Distanz 1970, 1971 und 1973 Deutsche Vizemeisterin.

Annelie Wilden startete für den LC Bonn.

Persönliche Bestzeiten
 100 m: 11,74 s, 8. August 1970, Berlin
 200 m: 23,79 s, 15. Juli 1970, Stuttgart

100-Meter-Läufer (Deutschland)
200-Meter-Läufer (Deutschland)
4-mal-200-Meter-Staffel-Läufer (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Frau
Geboren 1949

Annelie Wilden


Shanghaier Kommune bezeichnet:

Shanghaier Kommune (1927)
Shanghaier Volkskommune, während der Kulturrevolution

Shanghaier Kommune


Enrique Ayúcar Alberdi, conocido como Ayúcar, es un exfutbolista español nacido el 21 de febrero de 1966.

Fue internacional sub-21, en dos ocasiones, en 1986. A lo largo de su carrera deportiva disputó 162 partidos en Primera División, en los que logró 19 goles.

Trayectoria
Se formó en la cantera de Lezama. Tras dos buenas campañas en el filial bilbaíno, que por entonces militaba en Segunda División, Ayúcar llegó al primer equipo del Athletic Club en la temporada 1986-1987, disputando 23 partidos. Permaneció dos temporadas más en la entidad, aunque sin continuidad; la última de ellas la pasó casi en blanco.

La temporada 1989-1990 estuvo en el CD Castellón, actuando casi siempre como titular y con notables actuaciones, disputando un total de 34 partidos de liga y marcando 3 goles.

En el verano de 1990 recaló en el Real Burgos. Allí vivió una gran etapa y jugó más de 70 partidos en dos temporadas, echándose el equipo a las espaldas en el centro del campo. Además, anotó 11 goles en Primera División.

Su buen trabajo le catapultó al RCD Español, en la temporada 1992-1993, aunque le tocó vivir el amargo descenso de categoría del club perico. No obstante, Ayúcar decidió seguir en la entidad y colaborar en el regreso a Primera División del equipo, disputando 21 partidos. Aún estuvo una tercera temporada en el conjunto blanquiazul, aunque sin apenas protagonismo.

Su última campaña como futbolista profesional fue en las filas de la UD Salamanca, en Primera División, disputando cinco partidos y anotando un tanto.

Clubes

Enlaces externos
Ficha de Enrique Ayúcar en Athletic Club

Ficha en el blog '80burgos'

Futbolistas de Vizcaya
Futbolistas del Bilbao Athletic
Futbolistas de la cantera del Athletic Club
Futbolistas del Athletic Club en los años 1980
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Castellón
Futbolistas del Real Burgos Club de Fútbol
Futbolistas del Real Club Deportivo Espanyol en los años 1990
Futbolistas de la Unión Deportiva Salamanca en los años 1990
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-21 de España
Nacidos en Bilbao

Enrique Ayúcar


The Northern United States, commonly referred to as the American North, the Northern States, or simply the North, is a geographical or historical region of the United States.

History

Early history
Before the 19th century westward expansion, the "Northern United States" corresponded to the present day New England region. By the 1830s it corresponded to the present day Northeast and Great Lakes region.

Before 1865, the North was distinguished from the South on the issue of slavery. In Southern states, slavery was legal until the ratification of the 13th Amendment in 1865. Northern states had all passed some form of legislation to abolish slavery by 1804. However, abolition did not mean freedom for some existing slaves. Due to gradual abolition laws, slaves would still appear in some Northern states as far as the 1840 United States Census. New Jersey was the last Northern state to end slavery. Due to their states gradual abolition laws, slavery came to an end in New Jersey when the 13th Amendment was ratified in 1865.

American Civil War

During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Northern states comprised the U.S. states that supported the United States of America, referred to as the Union. In this context, "the North" is synonymous with the Union, while "the South" refers to the states that seceded from the U.S. in order to form the Confederate States of America.

There is, however, some historical disagreement as to exactly which states comprised the North in the context of the Civil War as five slave-holding states largely remained with the Union: the southern border states of Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware, along with the disputed Indian Territory, though Missouri and Kentucky had dual competing Confederate and Unionist governments with the Confederate government of Kentucky and the Confederate government of Missouri and the Confederacy controlled more than half of Kentucky and the southern portion of Missouri early in the war. The Confederacy largely lost control in both states after 1862; depending on the source, some of these states and territories may be included in either region.

Geography
Geographically, the term includes the U.S. states and regions of the United States of America that are located across the northernmost part of the country. It includes states along the Canada–United States border.

Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau divides some of the northernmost United States into the Midwest Region and the Northeast Region. The U.S. Census Bureau also includes the northernmost states of the Northwest, that are within the West Region.

Urban centers
Among the larger cities by population in the Northern United States are: New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, Pittsburgh, Columbus, Indianapolis, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Buffalo, Milwaukee, Detroit, and Des Moines.

The Northern United States also comprises most of the Northeast megalopolis, which is the most populated and urbanized megalopolis in the United States. The Great Lakes megalopolis is also located in the Northern United States, largely in the Great Lakes region and Midwest.

Climate
The Northern United States has a humid continental climate. Most of the Northern states have warm to hot summers and significant snowfall during the winter.

See also
Northern Tier (United States)
Flora of the Northern United States
Southern United States
Southeastern United States
Southwestern United States
Yankee

References

Regions of the United States
Articles containing video clips
Northeastern United States
Midwestern United States

Northern United States


NGC 7271 je lećasta galaktika u zviježđu Pegazu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 7271
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 7271 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
  NGC 7271 DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 7250 - 7299

7271

NGC 7271


ثلج (بالتركية:Kar) رواية للكاتب التركي أورهان باموك. تتكون من 44 فصلا. تدور أحداثها في مدينة قارص التركية.

شخصيات الرواية
كريم ألاقوش أوغلو يكنى بـ كا - شاعر نفي إلى ألمانيا لمدة 12 سنة، عاد إلى تركيا، ثم كلف من جريدة الجمهورية في إسطنبول بمهمة صحفية لتغطية الانتخابات المحلية وانتحار الفتيات.

نجيب: طالب ثانوي في ثانوية الأئمة والخطباء.

ايبيك: كانت زميلة لـ كا في المرحلة الجامعية.

مختار: زوج ايبك السابق، وزميل لـ كا وايبيك في المرحلة الجامعية.

كحلي - مطلوب من الحكومة التركية.

السيد طرغوت: والد ايبيك، معارض للحكومة، مالك فندق ثلج بالاس.

قديفة: أخت ايبيك، قائدة فتيات الاشارب.

فصول الرواية

 صمت الثلج.
 مدينتنا مكان مطمئن.
 أعطوا أصواتكم لحزب الله.
 هل أتيتم هنا حقيقة من أجل الانتخابات والانتحارات؟
 أستاذي، هل أستطيع أن أسألك سؤالا؟
 العشق والدين والشعر.
 الإسلام السياسي هو الاسم الذي أطلقه علينا الغربيون والعلمانيون.
 المنتحر كافر.
 عفوكم، هل أنتم ملحدون؟
 لماذا هذه القصيدة جميله؟
 هل هناك الله آخر في أوروبا؟
 ما معنى الآلام الكثيرة التي يعاني منها الفقراء؟
 أنا لا أناقش ملحدا في ديني؟
 كيف تكتبون الشعر؟
 لكل منا شيء أساسي يريده من الحياة.
 حيث لا يوجد الله.
 «اما الوطن أو الاشارب».
 لا تطلقوا النار، البنادق محشوة.
 كم كان جميلا أيضا الثلج الذي يندف.
 ليكن خيرا للوطن والشعب.
 ولكنني لا أعرف أحدا منهم.
 الرجل الذي سيمثل دور أتاتورك بالضبط.
 الله عادل إلى حد معرفتهبأن القضية ليست قضية عقل وايمان.

مقتطفات من الرواية

شكل من أشكال صمت الثلج يهبط على عقله، ويقاوم عقله وذاكرته حكايات الفقر والبؤس.

واستمع أيضا لحكايات المسنين والتي لن تخرج إحداها من عقله حتى موته. ليس الفقر واليأس وعدم التفهم ما جذب كا لهذه الحكايات. كما أنه ليس عدم تفهم الآباء والأمهات بضرب بناتهم وعدم السماح لهن بالخروج إلى الشارع، كما أنه ليس ضغط الأزواج الغيورين والطفرانين. الأمر الأساسي الذي أخاف كا وأدهشه هو دخول حالات الانتحار إلى الحياة اليومية العادية فجأة دون إبلاغ أو مراسم.

مثلا فتاة على وشك أن تخطب قسرا لصاحب مقهي عجوز، تناولت طعام عشائها كالعادة مع أبيها وأمها وأخوتها الثلاثة وجدتها لأبيها، وبعد أن جمعت الصحون المتسخة مع إخوتها كالعادة أيضا وهم يتضاحكون ويتدافعون، بعد أن ذهبت لجلب الحلوي من المطبخ خرجت إلى الباحة، ودخلت من النافذة إلى غرفة أبيها وأمها، وأطلقت النار على نفسها بواسطة بندقية صيد لأبيها. الأب والأم اللذان وجدا جسد ابنتهما المتلوي وسط الدماء، وكانا يعتقدان أنها في المطبخ، لم يفهما سبب انتحارها، كما لم يستوعبا انتقالها من المطبخ إلى غرفة النوم.

فتاة أخرى في السادسة عشرة من عمرها تعاركت بشد الشعر مع أختيها حول القناة التي سيتابعنها، ومن ستمسك جهاز التحكم عن بعد، وبعد أن تلقت كفين قاسيين من أبيها الذي جاء للفصل بينهن، دخلت إلى غرفتها، وصبت في جوفها زجاجة مبيد زراعي وكأنها تشرب زجاجة مياه غازية من نوع (مورتالين).

أخرى في الخامسة عشرة تزوجت نتيجة حب، ووضعت ولدا قبل ستة أشهر، وقد يئست من ضرب زوجها المسحوق والعاطل عن العمل، وبعد شجار عادي دخلت إلى المطبخ، وأقفلت الباب خلفها، وعلى الرغم من صراخ زوجها وهو يكسر الباب لأنه أدرك ما تفعله شنقت نفسها بمحاولة واحدة بواسطة حبل وكلابة كانت قد أعدتهما من قبل.

ثمة سرعة ويأس في تلك الحكايات وفي الانتقال بين الموت وسيرورة الحياة العادية سَحَر كا. الكلابات المثبتة في السقف، والأسلحة الملقمة بالرصاص من قبل، وزجاجات المبيد المجلوبة من غرفة جانبية إلى غرفة النوم تثبت أن الفتيات المنتحرات قد حملن منذ وقت طويل في دواخلهن فكرة الانتحار.

بدأ يظهر انتحار الفتيات والنساء الشابات فجأة في باطمان التي تبعد عن قارص مئات الكيلومترات. وعلى رغم أن انتحار الذكور على المستوي العالمي يبلغ ثلاثة أو أربعة أضعاف الانتحار عند الإناث، فإن بلوغ نسبة انتحار الإناث في باطمان ثلاثة أضعاف نسبة انتحار الذكور، وهي تساوي أربعة أضعاف نسبة الانتحار على المستوي العالمي لفت بداية نظر موظف شاب يعمل في مؤسسة إحصاء الدولة في أنقرة، والخبر الصغير الذي نشره في جريدة الجمهورية لم يجعل أحدا في تركيا يهتم به.

علمت بالخبر جرائد ألمانيا وفرنسا واهتمت به، وذهب مراسلوها في تركيا إلى باطمان. وحين نشروا تحقيقاتهم في بلدانهم، اهتمت الجرائد التركية بالانتحارات، وجاء كثير من الصحفيين المحليين والأجانب إلى المدينة.

وبحسب رأي موظفي الدولة المهتمين بالقضية فإن هذا الاهتمام والنشر زاد من تشجيع أكثر بعض الفتيات على الانتحار. وأفاد معاون المحافظ الذي تحدث إليه كا بأن الانتحار في قارص لم يبلغ إحصائيا مستوي باطمان، وأنه لا يعارض 'الآن' لقاءه مع عائلات الفتيات المنتحرات، ورجاه ألا يستخدم كثيرا معها كلمة 'انتحار'، وألا يقدم القضية لجريدة الجمهورية مبالغا فيها.

وقد بدأت التحضيرات لمجيء هيئة مؤلفة من اختصاصي نفساني، وشرطي، ووكيل نيابة وأحد مسؤولي الشؤون الدينية من باطمان إلى قارص، وقد علقت منذ الآن ملصقات تناهض الانتحار، أمرت إدارة الشؤون الدينية بطبعها، كتب عليها: 'الإنسان إبداع الله، والانتحار كفر'.

وقد وصلت إلى المحافظة كراسات دينية بالعنوان نفسه ليتم توزيعها. ولكن معاون المحافظ لم يكن واثقا من أن هذه الإجراءات الاحترازية ستحول دون الانتحار الذي بدأت جائحته في قارص خلال فترة قريبة، ويخشي أن تؤدي 'الإجراءات الاحترازية' نتيجة عكسية، لأن كثيرا من الفتيات يعتبرن قرار الانتحار نوعا من ردة الفعل نحو الدولة المعارضة للانتحار، ونحو الآباء، والرجال، والوعاظ بقدر أخبار الانتحار.

قال معاون المحافظ لكا: «من المؤكد أن سبب الانتحار هو اليأس المفرط. لا شبهة في هذا، ولكن لو كان اليأس سببا حقيقيا للانتحار لانتحرت نصف نساء تركيا.» وقد قال معاون المحافظ ذو الشارب الشبيه بالفرشاة، والوجه السنجابي لكا مباهيا بأن النساء غاضبات من الدولة والأسر وصوت الدين الذكوري لتلقينهن عبارة «لا تنتحرن» لهذا السبب يجب وضع امرأة على الأقل في الهيئة التي تقوم بالحملة المناهضة للانتحار، وقد أبلغ أنقرة خطيا بهذا الأمر.

فكرة أن الانتحار مرض سار مثل الوباء ظهرت أولا إثر مجيء فتاة من باطمان إلى قارص. وقد تحدث كا إلى خال البنت بعد الظهر في حي أتاتورك تحت أشجار (الزعرور) في باحة مغطاة بالثلج (لم يدخلوه إلى البيت) وهو يدخن سيجارة.

وقد ذكر الخال أن ابنة أخته ذهبت عروسا إلى باطمان قبل سنتين وهناك عملت في شؤون البيت من الصباح حتى المساء، وقد باتت حماتها تؤنبها باستمرار لأنها لا تنجب، ولكن هذه الأمور ليست أسبابا كافية للانتحار، وقد أخذت فكرة أن النساء كلهن ينتحرن من باطمان، وكانت المرحومة تبدو هجنا في قارص عند عائلتها مسرورة جدا. لهذا السبب، صباح اليوم الذي كانت ستعود فيه إلى باطمان دهشوا كثيرا حين وجدوها ميتة في الفراش وبجانب رأسها علبتان من الدواء ابتلعتهما، ورسالة.

بعد شهر من حادثة هذه الفتاة التي نقلت فكرة الانتحار من باطمان إلى قارص قلدتها أولا ابنة خالتها وهي في السادسة عشرة من عمرها. سبب هذا الانتحار الذي وعد كا أباها وأمها الباكيين بأن يكتب في الجريدة تفاصيل قصتها كلها هو قول أحد المعلمين للفتاة في الصف بأنها ليست بكرا.

وبعد فترة قصيرة انتشرت هذه الإشاعة في قارص كلها. ترك الفتاة خطيبها، كما انقطع الخطاب الكثيرون الذين كانوا يأتون إلى بيتها. وفي هذه الأثناء بدأت تقول لها أمها: «مهما كان فإنك لن تتزوجي» وبينما كانوا جميعا يتابعون في التلفاز مشهد عرس بدأ الأب السكران يبكي، فسرقت الفتاة حبوب النوم من صندوق جدتها، وابتلعتها جميعها، ونامت (بقدر ما فكرة الانتحار سارية، بقدر ما طريقتها سارية).

وإثر معرفة الطب الشرعي بأن الفتاة المنتحرة بكر قام والدها كما قام المعلم المشيع للشائعة بتوجيه التهمة لقريبتها المنتحرة القادمة من باطمان. ولأنهم يريدون من كا أن ينشر في خبره بأنه تبين عدم صحة الاتهام، وأن يفضح المعلم الذي نشر هذه الكذبة، فقد شرحوا له انتحار ابنتهم بالتفصيل.

الأمر الذي أوقع كا في يأس عجيب من هذه الحكايات كلها هو أن الفتيات المنتحرات لم يجدن فرصة للخلوة سوي من أجل الانتحار. حتى الفتيات المنتحرات بحبوب النوم كن يقتسمن الغرفة مع غيرهن حتى وهن يمتن بشكل سري. كا الدارس للآداب الغربية، والناشئ في (نيشان طاش) في إسطنبول كلما فكر بانتحاره كان يشعر بضرورة إيجاد زمن طويل من أجل تحقيق هذا، ومكاني، وغرفتي لا يطرق بابها أحد على مدي أيام.

كلما غاص كا بخيالات انتحاره الذي سيجري ببطء مع هذه الحرية وحبوب النوم والوسكي خاف من تلك الوحدة غير المحدودة هناك، وهذا ما جعله لا يفكر بشكل جدي بالانتحار في أي وقت.

الوحيدة التي أيقظت بانتحارها شعور الوحدة هذا لدي كا هي «ذات الإشارب» التي شنقت نفسها قبل شهر وأسبوع. كانت هذه إحدي فتيات معهد التربية اللواتي منعن بداية من الدخول إلى الصفوف بسبب عدم نزع الإشارب، وبعد ذلك منعن من الدخول إلى المعهد بموجب قرار صادر في أنقرة.

كانت أسرتها هي الأسرة الأقل فقرا بين الأسر التي تحدث إليها كا. وبينما كان كا يشرب الكوكاكولا التي أخرجها أبوها من ثلاجة دكان السمانة الذي يمتلكه علم بأن الفتاة قبل أن تنتحر فتحت موضوع الانتحار لأسرتها وصديقاتها. لعل الفتاة تعلمت وضع غطاء الرأس من أمها وأسرتها، وقد علمت بأن هذا الأمر سمة الإسلام السياسي من الإداريين المؤيدين للمنع في المعهد، ومن صديقاتها المقاومات نزع الإشاربات.

ولأنها رفضت نزع غطاء الرأس على الرغم من ضغوط والديها أوشكت أن تنفصل من المعهد الذي منعتها الشرطة من دخوله لعدم تحقيق شرط الدوام. وحين رأت أن بعض زميلاتها تراجعن عن المقاومة وكشفن رؤوسهن، وبعضهن وضعن شعرا مستعارا بدأت تقول لأبيها وزميلاتها: «ليس ثمة شيء له معنى في هذه الحياة، لا أريد أن أعيش».

روابط خارجية

المراجع

روايات 2002
روايات 2005
روايات أورخان باموق
روايات تجري أحداثها في تركيا
روايات ترجمت للعربية
روايات تركية
روايات ما وراء القص
روايات مترجمة

ثلج (رواية)


ඊලාම් ජනතා විප්ලවවාදී විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ () යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දේශපාලන පක්ෂයකි.

ඊලාම් ජනතා විප්ලවවාදී විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ

ඊලාම් ජනතා විප්ලවවාදී විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ


Bronco Billy er en amerikansk westernkomedie fra 1980, der er blev instrueret af Clint Eastwood. Eastwood spiller selv hovedrollen og han spiller over for Sondra Locke. Manuskriptet blev skrevet af Dennis Hackin. Eastwoods to børn Alison Eastwood og Kyle Eastwood spiller også med som to forældreløse børn på en børnehjem.

Filmen handler om Billy Bronco, der ejer et Wild West Show, der er i økonomiske vanskeligheder. Filmen fik fine anmeldelser og soundtracket med countrymusik blev populært, men publikum svigtede i biograferne. Richard Schickel har i sin biografi over Eastwood argumenteret for, at Bronco Billy er Eastwoods mest selvbiografiske karakter.
Filmen var en af de relativt sjældne kommercielle fiaskoer i Eastwoods karriere,.

Medvirkende
 Clint Eastwood som 'Bronco' Billy McCoy
 Sondra Locke som Antoinette Lily
 Geoffrey Lewis som John Arlington
 Scatman Crothers som Doc Lynch
 Bill McKinney som Lefty LeBow
 Sam Bottoms Leonard James
 Dan Vadis som Chief Big Eagle
 Sierra Pecheur som Lorraine Running Water
 Walter Barnes som Sherif Dix
 Woodrow Parfrey som Dr. Canterbury
 Beverlee McKinsey som Irene Lily
 Doug McGrath som Lt. Wiecker
 Hank Worden som mekaniker på stationen
 Tessa Richarde som Miss Mitzy
 William Prince som Edgar Lipton
 Merle Haggard som sig selv
 Alison Eastwood som barn på børnehjem (ukrediteret
 Kyle Eastwood som forældreløs (ukrediteret)
 Danny Jensen som rapporter (ukrediteret)

Plot

"Bronco Billys "Wild West Show" er et omrejsende cirkus, hvor Bronco Billy McCoy (Clint Eastwood), er hovedpersonen som "den hurtigste revolvermand" i USAs vestlige stater. Showet afsluttes med en scene, hvor Bronco Billy med bind for øjnene skyder mod balloner, som svæver rundt om hans kvindelige assistents hoved på en træskive Da han skal kaste en kniv, bevæger assistenten benet og bliver såret, hvorefter hun siger op. Herefter er showet uden indtjening og ingen af de ansatte får løn i seks måneder.
Showet flytter tile n anden by, hvor Bronco Billy opsøger borgmesterkontoret for at opnå tilladelse til at opføre sit show. Her træffer han Antoinette (Sondra Locke) og John Arlington (Geoffrey Lewis), som er på stedet for at indgå ægteskab. Hun foragter sin kommende ægtemand, men på grund af nogle besynderlige bestemmelser i et testamente, skal hun gifte sig inden hun fylder tredive år for at opnå en stor arv. På vej til bryllupsrejsen bryder ægteparrets bil sammen på et motel, som ligger lige ved siden af. Den følgende morgen stjæler Arlington hendes penge og bilen, som er blevet repareret.

Bronco Billy overtaler Antoinette, der nu er helt alene til at blive sin nye assistent, kaldet "Miss Lily," selv om hun i begyndelsen kun indvilger i at spille ved et show. Antoinette opdager, at Arlington er blevet arresteret for at myrde hende, angivet af Antoinettes stedmor og hendes intrigante sagførerven, som håber på at få fat I arven. Antoinette ser muligheden for at gøre op med Arlington og vender tilbage til Bronco Billys Wild West Show under sit pseudonym.

Showet kommer ud for en del udfordringer, hvor den værste opstår, da cirkusteltet brænder . Bronco Billy foreslår, at han og de ansatte plyndrer et tog på den gamle western – måde ved at ride langs det og springe ombord. De må dog give op overfor det langt hurtigere og bedre sikrede tog end dets forgængere.
Herefter får showet en sidste chance, da forstanderen på et psykiatrisk hospital , som er besat af det gamle vilde vesten, lover Bronco Billy, at institutionen vil finansiere et nyt telt, hvis truppen laver et show på hans institution. Miss Lily og Bronco Billy tilbringer en nat sammen, inden det går op for dem, at Arlington, som har fået penge af den korrupte advokat for at tilstå, at han i et anfald af sindssyge har "dræbt" Antoinette. Han bliver løsladt og Antoinette vender tilbage til en livsstil I luksus, men savner Billy og hans show. Billy drukner sin sorg i alkohol, men efter en tid vender Miss Lily tilbage til hans cirkus.

Modtagelse
Selvom filmen indspillede for 4-5 gange mere end oprindelig budgetteret  i løbet af sin spilletid i biograferne, betragtede Eastwood selv denne indtjening som i underkanten. I et interview til en fransk interviewer, omtalte Eastwood filmens manglende finansielle succes og sagde, "Det var et gammeldags tema, givetvis for gammeldags, da filmen ikke klarede sig så godt, som vi havde håbet, men hvis jeg nogensinde havde noget at sige, som instruktør af en film, finder du ud af det i Bronco Billy.

Filmen blev imidlertid rost af mange anmeldere, bl.a. andre Janet Maslin i The New York Times, hvor hun fremhævede instruktionen og fandt, at filmen var "the best and funniest Clint Eastwood movie in quite a while".

Priser og nomineringer
 Den første Golden Raspberry Award
Nomineret: Dårligste skuespiller (Sondra Locke)

Referencer

Litteratur

Eksterne Henvisninger

Amerikanske film fra 1980
Westernfilm fra USA
Komediefilm fra USA
Film instrueret af Clint Eastwood

Bronco Billy


Pastora Peña Martínez-Illescas (Madrid, 24 de julio de 1920 - Madrid, 10 de octubre de 2003) fue una actriz española.

Biografía
Hermana del también actor Luis Peña. Debutó en los escenarios siendo aún una niña con la compañía de Margarita Xirgu en la que trabajaba su padre, interviniendo en obras como Mariana Pineda (1927), La zapatera prodigiosa (1930), ambas de García Lorca o Nuestra Natacha (1935), de Alejandro Casona.

Durante la década de 1940 intensificó su carrera cinematográfica con títulos como Porque te vi llorar (1941), de Juan de Orduña, El huésped de las tinieblas (1948), de Antonio del Amo. Ya en los 50 filma Mi tío Jacinto (1956), de Ladislao Vajda, y en 1967 Los chicos del Preu, de Pedro Lazaga.

En México rodó la serie de televisión El enemigo, en 1961.

Su actividad teatral fue más intensa. Triunfó con Té y simpatía e interpretó obras de, entre otros, Jacinto Benavente, José López Rubio (Celos del aire, 1950), José María Pemán (Callados como muertos, 1952), Joaquín Calvo Sotelo (La mariposa y el ingeniero, 1953; La muralla, 1954), Julia Maura (Jaque a la juventud, 1965), Alfonso Paso, George Bernard Shaw (César y Cleopatra, 1959) o Valle-Inclán en El embrujado (1996), obra tras cuyo estreno se retiró de los escenarios.

Estuvo casada con el torero Pepe Bienvenida.

Referencias

 Ficha en IMDb
 Obituario en el Diario ABC

Actores de Madrid
Actrices de teatro de España
Actrices de cine de España
Nacidos en Madrid
Fallecidos en Madrid

Pastora Peña


නීති මෝහන් (උපත 1979 නොවැම්බර් 18) යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ඉන්දියානු ගායිකාවකි. ඇය ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන්ම හින්දි චිත්‍රපට සඳහා ගායනයෙන් දායක වුවත්, මරාඨි, දෙමළ, තෙලිඟු, කන්නඩ, බෙංගාලි, පන්ජාබි, සහ ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාවලින් ද ගායනයෙන් දායක වී ඇත. දිල්ලියෙහි උපන් ඇය, චැනල් වී නාලිකාවේ පොප්ස්ටාර්ස් රියලිටි වැඩසටහනේ ජයග්‍රාහිකාවකි. ඇය වඩාත්ම ප්‍රසිද්ධියට පත්වූයේ "ඉෂ්ක් වාලා ලව්" නැමැති ස්ටුඩන්ට් ඔෆ් දි ඉයර් (2012) චිත්‍රපටයේ ගීතය නිසායි. ඒ උදෙසා ඇයට නව සංගීත කුසලතාව සඳහා ෆිල්ම්ෆෙයාර් ආර්ඩී බර්මන් සම්මානය හිමි වූ අතර, ජබ් තක් හේ ජාන් (2012) චිත්‍රපටයේ "ජියා රේ" ගීතය වෙනුවෙන් ඇය හොඳම පිළිවැයුම් ගායිකාව සඳහා ෆිල්ම්ෆෙයාර් සම්මානය උදෙසා නිර්දේශ විය.

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

බාහිර සබැඳි

ජීවත්වන්නෝ
ඉන්දියානු චිත්‍රපට ගායිකාවෝ
දිල්ලියෙහි ගායිකාවෝ
1979 උපත්

නීති මෝහන්


Das Amt Münzenberg war ein Amt der Herrschaft, ab 1429: Grafschaft Hanau, ab 1458: Grafschaft Hanau-Münzenberg und in deren Nachfolge der Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel und des Großherzogtums Hessen in der Wetterau.

Funktion
In der Frühen Neuzeit waren Ämter eine Ebene zwischen den Gemeinden und der Landesherrschaft. Die Funktionen von Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung waren hier nicht getrennt. Dem Amt stand ein Amtmann vor, der von der Landesherrschaft eingesetzt wurde.

Mit dem Amt Münzenberg verwaltete Hanau seinen Anteil an dem Kondominat Herrschaft Münzenberg.

Geschichte
Das Amt Münzenberg gehörte zur Münzenberger Erbschaft. Dies war der Nachlass Ulrichs II. von Münzenberg. Daraus erbte dessen Schwester Adelheid ein Sechstel. Sie war verheiratet mit Reinhard I. von Hanau, in dessen Familie ihr Anteil verblieb. Dazu zählte auch ein Sechstel der Herrschaft Münzenberg, zu dem 1684 ein weiterer Anteil in Höhe von  durch Hanau von dem damaligen Inhaber, Kurmainz, eingetauscht wurde. Die Erbinnen und ihre Rechtsnachfolger teilten die Erbschaft nie real auf, sondern führten sie als Kondominat weiter. Der Hanauer Anteil wurde in einem "Amt Münzenberg" zusammengefasst.

Um in der Zeit nach der Landesteilung von 1458 die beiden Hanauer Grafschaften unterscheiden zu können, wurde der nördliche Teil seit 1496 offiziell als Grafschaft Hanau-Münzenberg bezeichnet. Damit wurde der Name des – innerhalb der Grafschaft eher unbedeutenden – Amtes Münzenberg als Unterscheidungsmerkmal gewählt.

Am Ende des Alten Reiches waren an dem Kondominat das Kurfürstentum Hessen als Rechtsnachfolger von Hanau-Münzenberg aufgrund einer Erbschaft von 1736 sowie die Häuser Solms und Stolberg beteiligt. Da Kurhessen sich dem Rheinbund verweigerte, besetzte Napoléon das Land. Das Amt Münzenberg unterstand so ab 1806 zunächst einige Jahre der französischen Militärverwaltung. Mit der Rheinbundakte von 1806 fiel die staatliche Hoheit über die Territorien von Solms und Stolberg, soweit sie in der Wetterau lagen, dem Großherzogtum Hessen zu. Dieses gliederte das so gewonnene Gebiet in das Fürstentum Oberhessen (ab 1816: "Provinz Oberhessen") ein und führte mit dem (nun französisch verwalteten) Amt Münzenberg das Kondominat fort. Am 11. Mai 1810 schlossen das Großherzogtum und das Kaiserreich Frankreich einen Staatsvertrag mit dem Frankreich Gebiete, die es 1806 Kurhessen abgenommen hatte, an das Großherzogtum weiter gab. Der im Mai geschlossene Vertrag wurde von Napoléon aber erst am 17. Oktober 1810 unterschrieben. Das hessische Besitzergreifungspatent datiert vom 10. November 1810 und umfasste auch das Amt Münzenberg, das nun komplett in das Großherzogtum integriert war. Dies alles geschah aber mit der Einschränkung, dass den Mediatisierten Rang und Rechte als Standesherren verblieben und sie weiter hoheitliche Rechte in Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung ausübten. Diese eigenständige Souveränität störte selbstverständlich den Anspruch des Großherzogtums auf das staatliche Gewaltmonopol.

Ab 1820 kam es im Großherzogtum Hessen zu Verwaltungsreformen. 1821 wurden auch auf unterer Ebene Rechtsprechung und Verwaltung getrennt und alle Ämter aufgelöst. Für die bisher durch die Ämter wahrgenommenen Verwaltungsaufgaben wurden Landratsbezirke geschaffen, für die erstinstanzliche Rechtsprechung Landgerichte. Die bisherigen Aufgaben des Amtes Münzenberg wurden hinsichtlich der Verwaltung dem Landratsbezirk Butzbach, die Aufgaben der Rechtsprechung dem Landgericht Friedberg übertragen.

Bestandteile
Das Amt Münzenberg umfasste die Orte
 Heuchelheim
 Stadt Münzenberg
 Trais

Literatur
 Günther Binding: Burg Münzenberg – Eine staufische Burganlage. (= Abhandlungen zur Kunst-, Musik- und Literaturwissenschaft 20). Bonn 1963. Rezensionen dazu: Nassauische Annalen 75 (1964), S. 326; Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 13 (1963), S. 368ff.
 Dommerich: Urkundliche Geschichte der allmählichen Vergrößerung der Grafschaft Hanau von der Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts bis zum Aussterben des Hauses 1736. In: Mitteilungen des Hanauer Bezirksvereins für Geschichte und Landeskunde 1/2, 1860, S. 31.
 Regenerus Engelhard: Erdbeschreibung der Hessischen Lande casselischen Antheils mit Anmerkungen aus der Geschichte erläutert. Bd. 2, Kassel 1778, S. 813.
 Franziska Haase: Ulrich I., Herr von Hanau 1281–1306. masch. Diss. Münster 1924, S. 4, 14.
 Walter Hävernick: Das ältere Münzwesen der Wetterau bis zum Ausgang des 13. Jahrhunderts. (= Veröffentlichung der Historischen Kommission für Hessen und Waldeck XVIII,1), Marburg 1936.
 Ferdinand Heß: Die kirchliche Entwicklung der Gemeinherrschaft Münzenberg bis zur Durchführung der Reformation (12.-16. Jahrhundert). In: Beiträge zur hessischen Kirchengeschichte. Ergänzungsband 10 zum Archiv für hessische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, Darmstadt 1935, S. 1–43.
 Günter Hoch: Territorialgeschichte der östlichen Dreieich. Marburg 1953, S. 119.
 Anette Löffler: Die Herren und Grafen von Falkenstein (Taunus). (= Quellen und Forschungen zur hessischen Geschichte 99). Darmstadt 1994, Band 1, S. 361ff.
 Johann Jakob Moser: Reichs-Fama, Bd. 22, Frankfurt 1736, S. 220ff.
 Regina Schäfer: Die Herren von Eppstein. (= Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau) Wiesbaden 2000, S. 80, 85, 91, 103, 116, 442.
 Arthur Benno Schmidt: Die geschichtlichen Grundlagen des bürgerlichen Rechts im Großherzogtum Hessen. Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893.
 Vorläuffige kurtze Anmerckungen über die sogenannte Beschreibung derer hanau-müntzenbergischen Lande von der hanau-müntzenbergischen Regierung vor einiger Zeit publiciret worden. o. O. 1723.
 Ernst Julius Zimmermann: Hanau Stadt und Land. 3. Auflage. Hanau 1919, ND 1978.

Einzelnachweise

Historisches Territorium (Hessen)
Munzenberg
Munzenberg
Munzenberg
Munzenberg
Geschichte der Wetterau
Munzenberg
Münzenberg

Amt Münzenberg


Glenea tibialis é uma espécie de escaravelho da família Cerambycidae. Foi descrita por Charles Joseph Gahan em 1907.

Referências

Borneo catalog 2005

tibialis
Coleópteros descritos em 1907

Glenea tibialis


Amerikansk skovstork () er en storkefugl, der lever i Amerika.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Fugle fra Amerika
Storkefugle

Amerikansk skovstork


O cantor, compositor e ator brasileiro Seu Jorge teve sua estreia na dramaturgia com uma participação na série televisiva Os Normais em 2002. No mesmo ano, o ator viveu o aclamado personagem Mané Galinha no drama policial Cidade de Deus, dirigido por Fernando Meirelles e indicado a múltiplas categorias do Oscar. No ano seguinte, Jorge estrelou o documentário Moro no Brasil sobre o álbum homônimo de sua então banda musical Farofa Carioca. Nos anos seguintes, o ator realizou participações em várias produções de gêneros diversificados como o documentário This Is an Adventure (2004), À La Recherche d'Orfeu Negro (2004) e teve uma participação na comédia dramática The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, dividindo as cenas com Bill Murray e Owen Wilson. No mesmo período, Jorge dividiu o mesmo personagem com o também cantor Luiz Melodia no drama Casa de Areia (2005) e co-estrelou a série televisiva de drama Mandrake (2005-2007). No fim da década de 2000, o ator se consagrou internacionalmente por sua atuações em produções como a série de ficção científica Sleepwalkers (2007), o suspense The Escapist (2008) e o documentário musical Beyond Ipanema (2009).

Na década de 2010, Jorge co-estrelou o aclamado drama policial Tropa de Elite 2: O Inimigo Agora É Outro (2010), as comédias E Aí... Comeu? (2012) e Reis e Ratos (2013) e participou do documentário Cidade de Deus - 10 Anos Depois (2013). Nos anos seguintes, Jorge interpretou o futebolista Dondinho no drama biográfico Pelé: O Nascimento de uma Lenda e contracenou com outros grandes nomes da música brasileira no drama musical Paraíso Perdido.

Na década de 2020, o ator manteve sua participação em produções cinematográficas estrangeiras ao co-estrelar a comédia dramática Abe (2019). Paralelamente, Jorge realizou mais papéis biográficos como o ativista político Carlos Marighella no drama biográfico Marighella (2021) e o cantor Pixinguinha no drama musical Pixinguinha, Um Homem Carinhoso (2021).

Filmografia

Cinema

Televisão

Seu Jorge
Seu Jorge
Seu Jorge
Seu Jorge

Filmografia de Seu Jorge


War of the Worlds, Pt. 2 é o terceiro álbum solo do guitarrista do Symphony X, Michael Romeo, lançado em 25 de março de 2022 pela Inside Out Music. É uma sequência de seu álbum anterior lançado em 2018, War of the Worlds, Pt. 1. Ele foi originalmente programado para ser lançado em 4 de fevereiro de 2022.

Michael manteve a mesma formação do lançamento anterior, exceto pelos vocais, que agora são feitos por Dino Jelusick. Como seu antecessor, o álbum é inspirado no romance homônimo de HG Wells e, segundo Michael, "leva o primeiro disco mais fundo na jornada. É HG Wells com ficção científica moderna, e há muita música cinematográfica super-pesada e, obviamente, muitas guitarras". Quando ele lançou a primeira parte, ele já anunciou que uma sequência estava em fase final de gravação, mas demoraria um pouco para ser lançada porque ele queria que as pessoas "absorvam o primeiro por um tempo, e então vamos lançar o segundo disco. Eles se complementarão, mas também serão um pouco diferentes".

O primeiro single e vídeo, "Divide & Conquer", foi lançado em 7 de janeiro de 2022, com o vídeo dirigido por Wayne Joyner. Os segundos, "Metamorphosis", vieram no dia 16 de fevereiro, com o vídeo também dirigido por Joyner.

O álbum foi lançado como disco de vinil de 180g gatefold, como CD duplo limitado PocketPak com a versão instrumental do álbum e como um lançamento digital.

Lista de músicas

Créditos
 Dino Jelusick – vocais
 Michael Romeo – guitarras, teclados, orquestrações, violoncelo, saz, oud
 John DeServio – baixo
 John Macaluso – bateria

Recepção

Na edição alemã da Metal Hammer, Matthias Mineur descreveu Michael como "um mestre de um estilo híbrido de power metal, metal neoclássico e progressivo e [...] composicionalmente experiente". Ele disse que Dino "eleva" o álbum "a um nível ainda mais alto" do que o de seu antecessor e terminou sua crítica dizendo que o lançamento "inspira em dois níveis, de modo que o ouvinte dificilmente pode decidir qual deles é o mais importante".

No Sonic Perspectives, John Kokel também achou este álbum melhor que o anterior. Ele elogiou Michael por permanecer "um medalhista de ouro olímpico na guitarra solo, mas, mais importante, ele continua a aperfeiçoar e aprimorar suas habilidades como compositor". Ele admitiu que o álbum tem algumas semelhanças com a banda principal de Michael, Symphony X, mas o comparou favoravelmente a outros trabalhos de metal sinfônico contemporâneos. Ele resumiu sua crítica chamando o álbum de "uma fusão de sinfonia cinematográfica com o melhor do metal progressivo moderno".

Paradas

Álbuns da InsideOut Music
Álbuns de Michael Romeo
Álbuns de 2022

War of the Worlds, Pt. 2


Vigilius may refer to:
 Pope Vigilius (died 555), Pope 537-555
 Vigilius of Trent (-405), bishop, martyr and saint
 Church of Saint Vigilius of Trent (Pinzolo)
 Vigilius of Thapsus, 5th-century bishop and writer
 Vigilius Eriksen (1722-1782), Danish painter
 Vigilius (amphibian), an extinct genus of amphibian

See also

Vigilius


Mamady Fonfo Camara, né en  à Faranah (Guinée), est un ingénieur agronome, activiste , formateur et homme politique guinéen.

Il est conseiller depuis le  au sein du Conseil national de la transition dirigé par Dansa Kourouma.

Biographie
En 2021, il est coordinateur Haute-Guinée de l'Organisation guinéenne de défense des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen (OGDH).

Le , il est nommé par décret membre du Conseil national de la transition guinéen en tant que représentant des organisations de la jeunesse.

Notes et références

Voir aussi
 Conseil national de la transition
 Dansa Kourouma

Naissance à Faranah
Naissance en 1986
Étudiant de l'Institut supérieur agronomique et vétérinaire Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
Membre du Conseil national de transition guinéen de 2021

Mamady Fonfo Camara


Denis Boyau Loyongo, né  à Boende et mort  à Kinshasa, est un dessinateur, scénariste, illustrateur et auteur (bédéiste) de la bande dessinée congolaise.

Biographie
Denis Boyau Loyongo, naît en 1950 et mort en 2020 à 69 ans, est une figure de la bande dessinée congolaise, considéré par certain comme l'un des précurseurs ou pères du 9 art au pays.

Il a grandi à Kinshasa où il débarque vers 1954. Utilisant le crayon par plaisir pour le dessin, en intégrant l'académie de beaux arts, il devient rapidement le caricaturiste le plus réputé de la presse Kinoise, illustrant avec talent le vieil adage un bon dessin vaut mieux qu'un long discours.

Il fait ses debuts officiels dans la presse locale avec Hello les copains en 1967, une première édition de bande dessinée d'un gazette. Il renou cette expérience avec Gento Oyé, un petit magazine de la bande dessinée par Achille Ngoye qui deviendra par la suite la mythique revue Jeunes pour jeunes. Lors de la parution du premier numéro de Jeunes pour jeunes le , les dessins de Denis Boyou provoquent un grand engouement qui poussant par la suite l'auteur d'abandonner carrément les études et se consacre entièrement à la profession. Avec la revue Jeunes pour jeunes, il crée une galerie de personnages tel que : Apolosa, Kikwata, Coco, Didi, Wabuza, Molok, Sinatra etc.

Après la faillite de la revue Jeunes pour jeunes vers 1972, Denis Boyou collabare successivement avec Sambolé où il reprendra Les aventures de Mokwa Pamba et crée egalement la revue Molembé; il est engagé au quotidien Salongo fin 1973, où son succès atteint jusqu'en 1977, puis rejoint YE, le journal de Franco et des vedettes Kinoises.

En 1989, Denis Boyou crée la mascotte Tonton Skol pour des fins de publicité de la brassérie Bracongo. Tonton Skol ce personnage mythique apparaît sur les boutelles de bière et sur plusieurs depliants de publicité. Et dans la suite Les aventures de Tonton Skol seront même publiées dans le quotidien Salongo et connaitra un succès énorme.

Œuvres

Albums BD
 Jeunes pour jeunes, éd. Saint-Paul, 1980
 Marie, la mère de Jésus, éd. Saint-Paul, 1986
 Jésus des jeunes : Il n'est pas un homme, éd. Saint-Paul Afrique, 1996
 Santé et maladies, éd. Kangu-Mayumbe : B.E.R.P.S. 3 tomes, 1990

Magazines
 Hello les copains
 Gento Oyé
 Jeunes pour jeunes
 Mokwa Pamba
 Sambolé
 Molembé
 Salongo
 YE
 Doppel mimik
 Kin Label

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

 Christophe Cassiau-Haurie : « Histoire de la BD congolaise », Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris, mai 2010.

Auteur congolais de bande dessinée
Caricaturiste congolais (RDC)
Scénariste congolais (RDC)
Bande dessinée congolaise
Naissance en décembre 1950
Décès en septembre 2020
Décès à Kinshasa
Décès à 70 ans

Denis Boyau Loyongo


La  du Tro Bro Leon a lieu le . La course fait partie du calendrier UCI ProSeries 2022 en catégorie 1.Pro. C'est également une épreuve de la Coupe de France de cyclisme sur route 2022.

Présentation
22 équipes participent à ce Tro Bro Leon : 6 WorldTeams, 10 ProTeams et 6 équipes continentales.

Déroulement de la course

Classement final

Classement de la Coupe de France

Classements UCI
La course attribue des points au Classement mondial UCI 2022 selon le barème suivant.

Notes et références

Liens externes

2022
Cyclisme en France en 2022
Cyclisme sur route en 2022
Cyclisme en mai 2022
Sport en France en mai 2022

Tro Bro Leon 2022