Sahne ışığı tiyatro, dans, opera ve diğer performans sanatlarının üretiminde kullanılan bir araçtır. Farklı tiplerde sahne aydınlatması aletleri vasıtasıyla değişik prensiplerle veya aydınlatma amaçlarıyla sahne ışığı düzenlemeleri yapılır.

Tarihçesi

Eski Yunan ve Roma tiyatrolarında ışık kaynağı güneşti. Oyunlar günışığında oynanıyor, hava kararmadan sona eriyordu. Gece oynanan oyunlardan literatürde söz edilmiyor. Karanlığa kalan oyunlarda büyük yanarcaların, çıra ateşlerinin kullanıldığı düşünülebilir.

Tiyatro batıda, egemen sınıfların eğlencesi olarak kral saraylarına, soyluların konaklarına girince kapalı salon tiyatrosu doğdu (İtalya ve Fransa'da Rönesans çağı, İngiltere'de Restorasyon devri). Çağın aydınlatma araçları: büyük mumlar, yağ kandilleri, tunç yanarcalar sahneyi aydınlatmak için kullanıldı.

Bizans'ta I. Justinianus'un sarayında yapılan eğlencelerde, tiyatroya benzer gösterilerde boyalı camlarla sağlanan renkli ışıkların, bunları sahneye yansıtmak için altın levhaların kullanıldığını biliyoruz. Orta Çağda kilise tiyatrosunda bu tür ışık etkileri kullanılıyordu.

17. yüzyıl batı tiyatrosunda, özel şamdanlar ve sahne boyunca yanan sıra sıra mumlar sahneyi aydınlattı.

18. yüzyılda sahnelerde gaz yağı lambaları kullanılmaya başlandı. Bu lambalara takılan şişe ve fanuslar parlaklık derecesini bir hayli attırdı.

19.yüzyıl, tiyatro için havagazı çağıdır. Sarımtırak bir ışık veriyordu. Birçok lamba yan yana dizilerek sahneyi önden, yanlardan aydınlatıyordu. Yüksek ısı, sesler, is ve dumanlar bu aygıtların olumsuz yönleriydi. Ayrıca bu yöntemin taşıdığı yüksek yangın riski de bir dezavantajdı.

Sahne ışığının bir merkezden denetimi bu dönemde gerçekleşti. Bir dizi boru ve gaz musluklarından oluşan gaz masası ile ışıkların parlaklık derecesi etkili bir biçimde yükseltilip kısılabiliyordu.

1803'de Drummond, kalsiyum lambasını icat etti. İki ayrı tüpte taşınan basınçlı oksijen ve hidrojen, bir jilet halinde yakılarak, elde edilen alev bir kalsiyum çubuğa yöneltiliyordu. Buna limelight (kireç ışığı) denmeye başlandı. Bu lambalar, icadından çok yıl sonra, ancak 1860'ta tiyatrolarda kullanılmaya başlandı, ancak ondan sonra çok yaygınlaştı. Charlie Chaplin'in ünlü filminden de anımsayacağınız gibi 'Limelight' sahne ışığının (ramp ışığı), yani tiyatronun simgesi oldu.

1809'da Davy, ark lambasını icat etmişti. Bu da güçlü bir ışık veriyordu. 19. yy sonlarında elektrik arkı ve kalsiyum lambaları ışık kaynağı olarak sahnelerde yarışıyorlardı.

Sahne ışığında en büyük devrim kuşkusuz, 1879'da Amerika'da Edison'un, İngiltere'de de Swam'ın birbirlerinden bağımsız olarak elektrik ampulünü icat etmeleriyle yapıldı. Limelight'ın günleri doldu. Karbon arkı dışında bütün ışık kaynakları sahneden çekildi. Elektrik lambasının bugün de süren imparatorluğu başladı.

Işığın denetimi

Elektrik lambası gerçek bir devrimdi ama bu da kendi sorunlarını getirdi. Parola: "ışık, ışık daha çok ışıktı. Ne var ki sahne ışığı boğulunca atmosfer denen şey de geri plana atıldı. Işık daha çok ışık! Ama ne pahasına? Işık, sahnede dekorları da, oyuncuları da dümdüz ediyor, yarı karanlıkta kalması gereken öğeleri bütünüyle ortaya çıkartıyor, psikolojik etkilenmeyi engelliyordu. Düğmeyi açtığınızda tam ışık, kapattığınızda tam karanlık! Peki ara ışıklar? Perspektif? Psikolojik duyuşum? Çiğ ışık bunları silip süpürüyordu. Oysa bunlarsız tiyatro eksik olurdu, yavan olurdu.

Zamane çocuğu ampulün denetim altına alınması gerekiyordu.

Son 70 yılda bu yönde büyük gelişmeler oldu.

Tiyatronun gereksinimleri, aydınlatma aygıtları sanayiini çok etkiledi, bir bakıma ona yön verdi. Çünkü tiyatro sahnesi sürekli olarak ışık deneylerinin yapıldığı bir işlik niteliğindeydi. Özel olarak tiyatro için geliştirilen birçok aygıt başka amaçlar için de kullanılmaya başlandı. Örneğin Amerika'da genç bir sahne elektrikçisi John H. Kliegl'in 1896'da kurduğu firma çok kısa zamanda gelişerek her türlü ışık aygıtı üretmeye başladı.

Bu öncülüğe karşılık, tiyatro da başka alanlardan etkilendi.

Sinemanın icadı özel göstergelerin (projektör) yapımını çabuklaştırdı. Televizyon ise son derece duyarlı ışık denetim aygıtlarının gelişimini hızlandırarak, sahne ışığını olumlu olarak etkiledi.

Modern sahne ışığına katkıda bulunan sanatçıların bir bölümü

 Richard Wagner
 Gordon Craig
 Adolphe Appia
 Steele Mac Kaye
 Henry İrving
 David Belasco
 Max Reinhardt
 Mayerhold ve Tairoff

Sahne ışığının amaçları

Görünürlük

Sahne üzerindeki kişiler ve nesnelerin, önemlerine göre, gözü rahatsız etmeyecek, dikkati dağıtmayacak şekilde görülebilmesi.

Görme ile işitme duyuları arasında yakın bir ilişki vardır. Yüzünü seçemediğimiz oyuncunun sözlerini de işitemeyiz..

İnandırıcılık

Oyunun türüne göre ışıklamanın usa aykırı olmaması. Gerçekçi bir oyunda pencereden içeri gün ışığı mı doluyor; bu ışık paralel ışınlar halinde gelir, düştüğü yerde sert bir ışık lekesi meydana getirir. Odayı bir lamba mı aydınlatıyor; ışığın bu lambandan gelir gibi görünmesi gerekir. Puslu havada ışık pencereden koşut ışınlar halinde değil, dağınık olarak sızar, sert lekeler vermeden odayı doldurur.

Kompozisyon

Sahnenin öğelerinin anlamlı bir bütün haline getirilmesi ve göze hoş görünen bir sahne resminin yaratılması esastır. Göze hoş görünen deyimi yanlış anlaşılmamalı. Bir zindan içi ya da darmadağınık bir oda bile estetik açıdan gözü rahatsız etmeyecek bir kompozisyon gerektirir.

Atmosfer

Belli bir sahnenin atmosferi, yerli yerinde kullanılan renkler ve ışığın parlaklık derecesi ile verilir. Canlı bir güldürü sahnesi yarı karanlık bir ışıklandırma altında ölür. Soğuk renkler dediğimiz renkler böyle bir sahne uygun değildir. Öte yandan çok parlak bir ışık ve sıcak renkler de dramatik bir sahnede duygu yoğunluğunun oluşmasını engeller.

Atmosfer, ışığın ruhbilimsel boyutudur. Altbilincimize işleyerek bizi etkiler. Aslında bu erek yukarıdaki ilk üç maddeyi içerir. Bir sahnede atmosfer dediğimiz şey varsa kompozisyon, inandırıcılık, görünürlük ilkeleri etkili biçimde uygulanmış demektir.

Aydınlatma
Işık
Tiyatro terimleri

Sahne ışıklandırması


أقيمت الانتخابات التشريعية 2009 في تونس يوم الأحد 25 أكتوبر، وهي الانتخابات التشريعية الخامسة في عهد الرئيس زين العابدين بن علي بعد انتخابات سنوات 1989، 1994، 1999، و2004. وهي تتزامن مع الانتخابات الرئاسية التي تقام في نفس اليوم. فاز التجمع الدستوري الديمقراطي الحاكم بكل الدوائر وفازت الأحزاب المسنادة لسياسة الرئيس بن علي ب51 مقعد من أصل 53 مخصصة للمعارضة في حين تحصلت حركة التجديد التي كانت تساند بن علي في السابق على مقعدين وحيدين. لم يتحصل حزب التكتل الديمقراطي من أجل العمل والحريات المعارض الذي يشارك لأول مرة على أي مقعد فيما انسحب الحزب الديمقراطي التقدمي قبل بدء التصويت. وصف وزير الداخلية رفيق بالحاج قاسم الانتخابات بالشفافة والديمقراطية ، في المقابل شككت منظمة هيومن رايتس ووتش الحقوقية بحرية وشفافية ونزاهة الانتخابات.

القوائم المشاركة

تتنافس القائمات على 214 مقعدا بعد أن رفع عدد أعضاء مجلس النواب من 189. ويمزج نظام الاقتراع المتبع بين نظام الأغلبية ونظام التمثيل النسبي، وذلك بتوزيع المقاعد على مستوى الدوائر (75%) وعلى المستوى الوطني (25%). وتفوز القائمة الفائزة بكل مقاعد الدائرة (161). أما فيما يخص المقاعد على المستوى الوطني (53 مقعد)، فيتم جمع الأصوات المصرح بها التي لم تمكن القائمات المترشحة من الفوز بمقاعد على مستوى دائرة أو دوائر ويضبط على أساس هذا المجمع القاسم الانتخابي وتوزع المقاعد حسب طريقة النسبية.

  التجمع الدستوري الديمقراطي الحاكم (اللون الأحمر)، وقد فاز بكل المقاعد على مستوى الدوائر في الانتخابات السابقة، يشارك ب214 مرشحا في ال26 دائرة.
 حركة الديمقراطيين الاشتراكيين (اللون الأخضر) قدمت 141 مرشحا في 23 دائرة بعد اسقاط 3 قائمات وهي صفاقس2 ومنوبة والمنستير. وكانت فازت ب14 مقعدا على المستوى الوطني في الانتخابات السابقة.
 حزب الوحدة الشعبية (اللون الذهبي) قدم 142 مترشحا في 23 دائرة بعد اسقاط قائمات صفاقس 2 وباجة وسيدي بوزيد. وكان فاز ب11 مقعدا على المستوى الوطني في الانتخابات السابقة.
 الحزب الاجتماعي التحرري (اللون البرتقالي) قدم 138 مترشحا في 22 دائرة انتخابية بعد اسقاط قائماته في بن عروس وسوسة والقصرين والمنستير. وكان فاز بمقعدين على المستوى الوطني في الانتخابات السابقة انسحب منهما واحد.
 الاتحاد الديمقراطي الوحدوي (اللون البني) قدم 133 مترشحا في 22 دائرة انتخابية بعد اسقاط قائمات سوسة وتطاوين والمنستير وسيدي بوزيد. وكانت فاز ب7 مقاعد على المستوى الوطني في الانتخابات السابقة.
 حزب الخضر للتقدم (اللون السفرجلي)، الذي يشارك لأول مرة، قدم 150 مترشحا في 21 دائرة من بين 26 تقدم فيها وذلك بعد اسقاط قائمات تونس1 والقيروان وسيدي بوزيد وتوزر وتطاوين. له نائب واحد بعد انتخابه على قوائم الحزب الاجتماعي التحرري.
 حركة التجديد (اللون الأزرق)، ويشارك في إطار تحالف «المبادرة الوطنية من أجل الديمقراطية والتقدم» الذي يجمعه مع حزب العمل الوطني الديمقراطي (غير المعترف به) وعدد من الشخصيات المستقلة. قدمت المبادرة 83 مترشحا موزعين على 14 قائمة بعد اسقاط قوائم دوائر تونس 1 وتونس 2 ومنوبة وبنزرت والكاف وجندوبة والقيروان وقفصة وصفاقس1 وصفاقس 2 ومدنين وتطاوين. وكانت حركة التجديد فازت ب3 مقاعد على المستوى الوطني في الانتخابات السابقة.
  التكتل الديمقراطي من أجل العمل والحريات (اللون العاجي)، الذي يشارك لأول مرة، قدم 30 مترشحا في 7 دوائر انتخابية بعد اسقاط تونس1، تونس2، صفاقس1، صفاقس2، نابل، سوسة، المهدية، مدنين، سيدي بوزيد، القصرين، الكاف، باجة، جندوبة، القيروان، أريانة، منوبة، بن عروس. ولم يتقدم بمرشحين في تطاوين والمنستير.
 الحزب الديمقراطي التقدمي (اللون الأصفر)، انسحب من الانتخابات في 9 أكتوبر وقرر مقاطعتها بعد إسقاط 19 قائمة من 26 تقدم بها وبرر انسحابه برفضه «أن يكون جزأ من ديكور تعددي في انتخابات معروفة النتائج سلفا».
 القائمات المستقلة، بلغ عددها 12 قائمة منها 8 قائمات تابعة للحزب الاشتراكي اليساري (الغير معترف به) تحت اسم «من أجل الديمقراطية والعدالة الاجتماعية» (اللون بحري). وكان الحزب جزءا من «المبادرة الوطنية من أجل الديمقراطية والتقدم» إلا أنه انسحب منها.

النتائج

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 موقع الانتخابات الرسمي

تونس في 2009
الانتخابات التشريعية التونسية
انتخابات إفريقيا في 2009

الانتخابات التشريعية التونسية 2009


Le Centre de Kimbondo est le centre d'entraînement de l'AS Vita Club.

Présentation
Inauguré le 10 septembre 2013 et situé à Mont-Ngafula, le grand bâtiment de ce complexe sportif dispose de 18 chambres à coucher, d'une salle de réunion de 64 sièges munie d'un écran géant pour des séances vidéo, d'une cuisine et d'un réfectoire. La salle de musculation est installée dans un autre bâtiment de ce centre qui dispose également des terrains de football, de basket, de handball ainsi que d'une piscine.

Le centre, qui accueille l'entraînement de toutes les équipes du club ainsi que de nombreux matches amicaux et amateurs.

Histoire
Ce centre appartenait à Bob Mundabi Fal, défunt président du Cercle sportif Inter qui évoluait à l'EPFKIN. Le montant de la transaction n'a pas été dévoilé à la presse.

Références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Équipement sportif achevé en 2013
Centre d'entraînement de football en république démocratique du Congo
Football à Kinshasa
AS Vita Club

Centre sportif de Kimbondo


Armavir (Ermenice Արմավիրի մարզ, Armavir marz), Ermenistan'ın orta bölgesinde bulunan bir Ermeni vilayetidir. Armavir şehri vilayet merkezidir. Aras Nehri vadisinde, Aragats ve Türkiye sınırı arasında bulunur. Vilayetin Türkiye'yle batı ve doğuda yaklaşık 50 km uzunluğunda sınırı vardır. Vilayette bulunan Sardarapat şehri tarihi merkezlerdendir.

Dış bağlantılar
   Armavir Turist Rehberi

Armavir (il)


Naked Truth bezeichnet:
 Naked Truth (Jeanette-Biedermann-Album), Musikalbum der Sängerin (2006)
 Naked Truth (Sarah-Hudson-Album), Musikalbum der Sängerin (2005)
 Naked Truth (Band), US-amerikanische Hardcore-Punk-Band

Siehe auch:
 The Naked Truth, Begriffsklärung
 Die nackte Wahrheit, Begriffsklärung

Naked Truth


Icefields Parkway (fransk: Promenade des Glaciers), også kendt som Alberta Highway 93 north, er en turistvej i provinsen Alberta i Canada. Den går parallelt med det kontinentale vandskel gennem det barske landskab i Canadian Rockies, gennem Banff National Park og Jaspers National Park. Den forbinder Lake Louise med Jasper i nord. I sydenden møder Icefields Parkway Alberta Highway 1 (Trans-Canada Highway). Highway 1 fortsætter mod vest til Yoho National Park i Britisk Columbia, og den fortsætter østover til Lake Louise og byen Banff.

Icefields Parkway er 230 km lang og blev færdigbygget i 1940. Den har sit navn fra seværdigheder som Columbia Icefield, som er synlig fra vejen.

Vejen er meget trafikeret i juli og august med op til 100.000 biler om måneden. Vejen har stort set to kørebaner, nogle steder med overhalingsbaner. Den har få bratte bakker og hårnålesving, men trafikanterne må holde øje med vildt og parkerede biler langs vejkanten. Sne kan forventes hele året, og ekstremvejr er almindeligt om vinteren.

Det er obligatorisk at købe billet til nationalparkerne for at køre på Icefields Parkway; der er billetsalg nær Lake Louise og Jasper. Lastbiler er ikke tilladt. Fartsgræensen er 90 km/t med reduceret fart ved Saskatchewan River Crossing og området ved Columbia Icefield. Om vinteren er det påbudt med snekæder eller vinterdæk, og det er ikke usædvanligt, at vejen bliver lukket.

Referencer

Litteratur

 "Spectacular Scenic Highway Built In Clouds" Popular Mechanics, August 1937 - early article on highway being planned and built

Eksterne henvisninger

 Attractions and Activities in Icefield Parkway
 Icefield Parkway.ca
 National Geographic
 Travel Alberta  – Icefields Parkway
 2010 Provincial Highways 1 – 216 Series Progress Chart (map, 8 MB) av Alberta Transportation.
 Map of Icefields Parkway with points of interest (English) av Parks Canada.

Alberta
Canadas geografi
Veje

Icefield Parkway


فلة قد تشير إلى:

 فلة (مغنية)، مغنية جزائرية
 فلة (دمية)، دمية من تصنيع عربي
 فلة قرية في محافظة حمص
 فل: زهرة عطرة
 فلة والأقزام السبعة: مسلسل أنمي عن قصة سنووايت والأقزام السبعة

فلة (توضيح)


Bašćina je glasilo i stručni časopis Društva prijatelja glagoljice iz Zagreba. Izlazi od prosinca 1993. Objavljuje oglede, stručne i znanstvene članke, pretiske glagoljičnih tekstova i radove koji obrađuju problematiku glagoljice, crkvenoslavenskoga jezika, hrvatske glagoljičke kulture i baštine.

Glavni urednici časopisa bili su Vladimir Ćepulić, Biserka Draganić i Maca Tonković. Uredništvo glasila činili su i Vlatko Bilić, Josip Bratulić, Stjepan Damjanović, Mato Marčinko, Anica Nazor, Ivan Ferenčak, Narcisa Potežica, Eugen Divjak, Marijana Tomić, Julijana Vojković, Darko Žubrinić i ini.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Bašćina : glasilo Društva prijatelja glagoljice glagoljica.hr

Glagoljica
Hrvatski stručni i znanstveni časopisi

Bašćina (Zagreb)


Le  est une place de Toulouse, chef-lieu de la région Occitanie, dans le Midi de la France. Elle se situe au cœur du nouveau quartier de Borderouge, dans le secteur 3 - Nord.

Situation et accès

Description
La place forme presque un carré, d'environ 115 mètres de large sur 125 mètres de long, pour une superficie d'environ  m². Elle est bordée au nord par le boulevard André-Netwiller, à l'ouest par l'avenue Maurice-Bourgès-Maunoury et au sud par la rue Louise-Weiss. La place est dévolue aux piétons et aux circulations douces.

L'espace au sud, le long de la rue Louise-Weiss, est aménagé en trois petits jardins paysagers. Au nord de la place, le long du boulevard André-Netwiller, trois pavillons sont dévolus à des commerces de proximité. L'espace central est occupé, le dimanche, par un marché de plein vent.

Voies rencontrées
Le carré de la Maourine rencontre les voies suivantes, dans l'ordre des numéros croissants :

 Rue Louise-Weiss
 Avenue Maurice-Bourgès-Maunoury
 Boulevard André-Netwiller

Transports
Le carré de la Maourine abrite la station Borderouge, terminus de la ligne de métro . Elle se trouve de plus à proximité immédiate de la gare de bus de Borderouge, la principale gare de bus du nord de l'agglomération toulousaine, où marque l'arrêt la ligne de bus  et qui sert de terminus aux lignes de bus .

Il existe plusieurs stations de vélos à libre-service sur le carré de la Maourine ou des les voies adjacentes : les stations  (face au 52 avenue Maurice-Bourgès-Maunoury) et  (rue des Bouquetins).

Odonymie
La place a été nommée d'après le domaine de la Maourine, qui appartenait au milieu du  à un certain Antoine Maury. La métairie se trouvait cependant plus au sud que la place actuelle, près de l'actuel parc du même nom (emplacement du centre d'accueil des Jardins du Muséum, actuels  avenue Maurice-Bourgès-Maunoury).

Histoire
Le carré de la Maourine est aménagé à partir de 2007, dans le cadre de la réalisation de la zone d'aménagement concerté (ZAC) de Borderouge. La conception en est confiée par l'aménageur public, Oppidea, à l'agence d'architecture et d'urbanisme parisienne Patrick Chavannes. La place occupe une position de centralité pour le nouveau quartier. Elle est pensée comme un lieu de passage, autour de la station de métro et de la gare de bus de Borderouge. Elle joue également un rôle dans l'activité commerciale du quartier, puisqu'elle regroupe plusieurs commerces de proximité et un centre commercial.

Patrimoine et lieux d'intérêt

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Pierre Salies, Dictionnaire des rues de Toulouse, éd. Milan, Toulouse, 1989 .

Articles connexes
 Liste des voies de Toulouse
 Parc de la Maourine

Liens externes
 Inventaire préliminaire de la ville de Toulouse, sur le site Urban-Hist, Archives municipales de Toulouse (consulté le ).
 Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel d'Occitanie, sur le site Ressources patrimoines - La médiathèque culturelle de la Région Occitanie (consulté le ).

Maourine

Carré de la Maourine


He Shihua (em chinês: 何世华, 26 de setembro de 1985) é um empresário e ex-futebolista chinês que atuava como atacante.

Carreira
Ele investiu no Sichuan Minzu, time da quarta divisão chinesa.

Antes da temporada de 2021, ele se tornou presidente do Zibo Cuju  na segunda divisão chinesa.

Estatísticas de carreira

 A partir de 12 de julho de 2021

Referências

Futebolistas da China

He Shihua


Glenea elongatipennis é uma espécie de escaravelho da família Cerambycidae e foi descrito por Stephan von Breuning em 1952.

Referências

elongatipennis
Coleópteros descritos em 1952

Glenea elongatipennis


Franklin Mine is a small unincorporated community in Houghton County, Michigan, United States. The area is on Quincy Hill, northeast of Hancock, and lying partially within Quincy Township and partially within Franklin Township.

Franklin Mine is located at  and is named after the eponymous mine.

References

External links
Several images of the mine from American Memory at the Library of Congress

Unincorporated communities in Houghton County, Michigan
Houghton micropolitan area, Michigan
Unincorporated communities in Michigan

Franklin Mine, Michigan


Skift er en eksperimentalfilm skrevet og instrueret af Tali Rázga.

Handling
Skift er stemningsfilm om at rejse. Om at være på vej mod noget mens man samtidig bevæger sig væk fra noget andet. Filmen handler om den ensomhed det kan medføre når man føler sig isoleret med sine minder.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2003

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark

Skift


مضب هي مقر حاكم الفجيرة حمد بن محمد الشرقي. وتقع في القسم الشمالي للإمارات العربية المتحدة، وهي منطقة تكثر فيها المنازل الجديدة والكثير من الأسواق والمحلات التجارية، وتوجد فيها عين مياه كبريتية.

إمارة الفجيرة

مضب


Anwar bin Ibrahim  (Penão, 10 de agosto de 1947) é um político malaio que atualmente serve como o 10.º primeiro-ministro da Malásia, desde 24 de novembro de 2022. Ele serviu como o 12.º e 16.º Líder da Oposição de agosto de 2008 a março de 2015 e, novamente, de maio de 2020 a novembro de 2022. Ele também serve como o 2.º presidente da coalizão Pakatan Harapan desde maio de 2020, como o 2.º presidente do Partido da Justiça Popular desde novembro de 2018, e como Membro do Parlamento (MP) por Tambun desde novembro de 2022. Ele atuou como MP por Port Dickson de outubro de 2018 a novembro de 2022 e por Permatang Pauh de março de 1982 a abril de 1999 e, novamente, de agosto de 2008 a março de 2015. Ele também atuou como vice-primeiro-ministro da Malásia e em muitos outros cargos de gabinete na administração do partido Barisan Nasional (BN) sob o comando do ex-primeiro-ministro Mahathir bin Mohamad de 1982 a 1998, incluindo os cargos de Ministro das Finanças (cargo que também ocupa atualmente), da Educação, da Agricultura e da Cultura, Juventude e Esporte.

Anwar começou sua carreira política como um dos fundadores da organização juvenil Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia. Depois de ingressar na Organização Nacional dos Malaios Unidos, o principal partido de longa data da coalizão do BN, Anwar ocupou vários cargos de gabinete em governos sucessivos nas décadas de 1980 e 1990. Ele foi vice-primeiro-ministro da Malásia e Ministro das Finanças durante a década de 1990 e teve destaque na resposta da Malásia à crise financeira asiática de 1997. Em 1998, ele foi afastado de todos os cargos pelo primeiro-ministro Mahathir Mohamad e passou a liderar o movimento Reformasi contra o governo. Anwar foi preso em abril de 1999 após um julgamento por sodomia e corrupção que foi criticado por grupos de direitos humanos e vários governos estrangeiros, até sua libertação em 2004, depois que sua condenação foi anulada.

Ele voltou como líder da oposição de 2008 a 2015 e uniu os partidos da oposição na coalizão Pakatan Rakyat, que disputou sem sucesso as eleições gerais de 2008 e 2013. Ele contestou os resultados das eleições de 2013 e liderou um protesto em resposta. Em 2014, a tentativa de Anwar de se tornar chefe de governo de Selangor no Movimento Kajang de 2014 levou a uma crise política de nove meses, que terminou quando ele foi condenado a mais cinco anos de prisão após uma segunda condenação por sodomia em 2015.

Ainda na prisão, Anwar voltou a se juntar a Mahathir bin Mohamad sob a nova coalizão Pakatan Harapan (PH) à revelia, que venceu as eleições gerais de 2018. Mahathir delineou um plano para Anwar assumir o cargo de primeiro-ministro após um período interino não especificado. Anwar recebeu um perdão real de Muhammad V de Kelantan e foi libertado da prisão. Ele voltou ao parlamento na eleição suplementar de Port Dickson em 2018, enquanto sua esposa Wan Azizah Wan Ismail serviu como vice-primeira-ministra na administração do PH. O colapso da coalizão durante a crise política da Malásia de 2020–22 levou à posse do novo governo Perikatan Nasional (PN) sob Muhyiddin Yassin, e Anwar se tornou o líder da oposição pela segunda vez em maio de 2020. Após as eleições de 2022, Anwar foi empossado como o décimo primeiro-ministro da Malásia em 24 de novembro de 2022.

Em 2 de dezembro de 2022, Anwar nomeou vários membros do Parlamento de Pakatan Harapan, Gabungan Parti Sarawak e UMNO para servir como ministros no gabinete do recém-formado governo de unidade. Ele nomeou-se Ministro das Finanças nesse mesmo dia. Há muito tempo, ele é defensor da democracia islâmica e de reformas no sistema político da Malásia. Fora da política, Anwar ocupou cargos em várias instituições acadêmicas.

Ligações externas

 Victor Pogadaev. Anwar Ibrahim – A Phoenix Rising From Ashes  (em russo). Consultado em 24 de novembro de 2022
 Site oficial (em malaio). Consultado em 24 de novembro de 2022
 Perfil: Anwar Ibrahim (em inglês). Consultado em 24 de novembro de 2022

Primeiros-ministros da Malásia
Muçulmanos da Malásia
Pessoas processadas por homossexualidade

Anwar Ibrahim


Türkiye uluslararası emlak sektöründe en cazip yatırım bölgelerinden biri olarak artan ilgi görmektedir. Türkiye'nin dünya coğrafyasındaki özel konumu ve giderek daha yoğun şekilde  fark edilen güzellikleri ve insani ve ekonomik anlamda cazibeleri, global ekonomi ile bütünleşmesi, yeni mevzat ve düzenlemelerin getirdiği kolaylıklar, Avrupa Birliği ile ilişkilerin sıklaşması, bu ilginin nedenleri arasında başta yer almaktadır.

Uluslararası emlak piyasası uzman danışmanlık şirketi Amberlamb tarafından Türkiye'nin ekonomik ve siyasi göstergelerinin incelenmesiyle Kasım 2006 tarihinde yayınlanmış olan bir raporda Türk emlak piyasasının sermaye kazancı açısından 2007'de Avrupa piyasaları arasında ilk 5'e girme yolunda emin adımlarla ilerlediği belirtilmiştir.

Bu ilginin Türkiye ekonomisine getireceği katkının yanı sıra, uzman anlamda takip edilebilmesi, çıkabilecek sorunların doğmadan ortadan kaldırılabilmesi de, Türkiye, güzellikleri ve değerleri açısından önem taşımaktadır.

Türkiye'nin dünya taşınmaz mülkiyet profilleri bakımından göze çarpan çok önemli bir özelliği de, hazine'ye ait olan veya vakıf konumu veya paralel bir başka özel konumu bulunan arazilerin, özellikle kırsal kesimde kapladığı yüksek orandır.

Mevzuat altyapısı

Yabancıların Türkiye'de mülk edinmesine ilişkin esaslar 22 Kasım 1934 tarih ve 2644 sayılı Tapu Kanunu'nda ve özellikle de bu Kanun'un 35. maddesinde ele alınmıştır. Bu alandaki mevzuat Türkiye tarihinin tecrübeleri de dikkate alınarak tam bir karşılıklılık ve sıkı denetim esasına dayalıdır. Bu kanunun bazı maddelerinin değiştirilerek yabancıların Türkiye'de mülk edinmelerinin kolaylaştırılması için, 3 Temmuz 2003 tarih ve 4916 sayılı Çeşitli Kanunlarda ve Maliye Bakanlığı'nın Teşkilat ve Görevleri Hakkında Kanun Hükmünde Kararname'de Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun yürürlüğe konulmuş, ancak TBMM CHP Grubunun başvurusu üzerine Anayasa Mahkemesi'nin 14 Mart 2005 tarihli 2003/70 esas ve 2005/14 karar sayılı kararı ile ilgili Kanun'un temel bazı fıkra ve cümleleri iptal edilmiştir. Ancak bu Kanun'un yürürlükte kaldığı iki yıllık süre, yabancıların Türkiye'de emlak alımı trendlerini gösterdiği için önemlidir.

Anayasa Mahkemesi'nin 14 Mart 2005 tarihinde Tapu Kanunu'nun yabancılara mülk satışının önündeki engelleri kaldıran hükmünü iptal etmesinin ardından hazırlanan yeni kanun taslağı Bakanlar Kurulu'nun ve Cumhurbaşkanı'nın onayından geçerek 29 Aralık 2005 tarihinde Tapu Kanununda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair 5444 sayılı Kanun şeklinde yasalaştı. Bu Kanun ile yabancılara mülk satışının sınırları Anayasa Mahkemesi'nin iptal kararının gerekçeleri dikkate alınarak tekrar belirlendi. 22 Aralık 1934 tarihli ve 2644 sayılı Tapu Kanununun Anayasa Mahkemesince iptal edilen 35'inci madde değişiklikleri yeniden düzenlendi. 5444 sayılı yeni kanun, önceki mevzuatın geçerliliğinin sona erdiği 26 Temmuz 2005 tarihinden itibaren geçerli sayılmaktadır.

Yabancıların Türkiye'de mülk alım trendleri

1934-2003 arası ve 3 Temmuz 2003 - 26 Temmuz 2005 arası (4916 sayılı Kanun) ve 26 Temmuz 2005'ten günümüze kadarki (5444 sayılı Kanun) dönemlerde yabancıların Türkiye'de mülk alım trendleri farklı tablolar ortaya koymuştur.

İrlanda, Danimarka, Norveç, İsveç, Hollanda ve Belçika'dan da hatırı sayılır sayıda alıcı güney sahillerinde mülk edindi. En çok tercih edilen ilçelerin Alanya, Fethiye, Didim, Bodrum, Kuşadası, Selçuk ve Ürgüp olduğu görülmüştür. Almanlar ve İskandinav ülkeleri vatandaşları ağırlıklı olarak Alanya'da yaşıyor. Fethiye ve Didim ise artık 'Küçük İngiltere' olarak anılıyor. Diğer ülke vatandaşları ise bu altı bölgeye dağılmış durumda.

2007 Ocak itibarıyla, Antalya, İzmir ve Muğla'da bugüne kadar 41 bin 362 yabancı, 32 bin 635 adet mülk satın aldı. Yabancılara en fazla mülk satışı Antalya, Aydın, İzmir ve Muğla'da gerçekleşti, yabancılar kapladığı yer bakımından en fazla Muğla'dan yer edindi. Adet olarak yabancılara en fazla mülk satışı 14 bin 124 ile Antalya'da olurken, bu ili 8 bin 218 ile Muğla, 5 bin 744 ile Aydın, 4 bin 549 ile de İzmir illeri izledi.

Bu arada Hatay ili açısından, Fransız mandası döneminden kalma Suriyeli mülk sahiplerinin özel durumlarının söz konusu olduğu belirtilmelidir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmi Gazete
 Hazine Müsteşarlığı
 Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü
 Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı - vergilendirme konularında bilgiler

Kaynakça

Türkiye ekonomisi

Yabancıların Türkiye'de mülk alımı


The 25th Infantry Division (nicknamed "Tropic Lightning") is a United States Army division based at Schofield Barracks in Hawaii. The division, which was activated on 1 October 1941 in Hawaii, conducts military operations primarily in the Asia-Pacific region. Its present deployment is composed of light infantry and aviation units. Tropic Lightning soldiers regularly train with other U.S. military branches to practice and maintain joint operations capabilities. The climate and terrain of the Pacific region demands Tropic Lightning soldiers be able to operate in physically demanding and harsh environments. In 2014, the division opened the Jungle Operations Training Center—the first such school in the Army since the closing of the old Jungle Warfare School at Fort Sherman, Panama Canal Zone. Joint operations and training with partner states herald a new chapter in the history of Tropic Lightning—America's Pacific Division.

The division was originally activated from Hawaii garrison units during World War II, slightly more than a month before the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor began the Pacific War. After spending almost a year training, it fought in the Allied counteroffensive during the Guadalcanal Campaign from December 1942, helping to end organized Japanese resistance on that island by early February 1943. The 25th spent a period garrisoning the island, then moved on to fight in the New Georgia Campaign in July. After the Japanese defeat in the latter, it was sent to New Zealand later that year for rest and training, before moving to New Caledonia for further training. The division returned to combat in the January 1945 invasion of Luzon, reducing Japanese resistance on the island until late June, after which it was pulled out of the line for training. The division then served in the occupation of Japan after the surrender of the latter from September 1945.

When the Korean War began in June 1950, the division was deployed to South Korea, where it fought in the defense of and the breakout from the Pusan Perimeter in mid-1950, with elements advancing as far as the Amnok River in November. After being thrown back by the Chinese Communist intervention in the war, the division eventually took up positions south of Osan. It participated in a series of United Nations counteroffensives in early 1951, then fought in a stalemate close to the 38th parallel from the middle of the year. The division defended Seoul against Chinese Communist attack from May 1953 to the July armistice, returning to Hawaii in late 1954.

After undergoing major reorganizations in 1957 and 1963 to adapt to changing tactics, the division deployed to South Vietnam to fight in the Vietnam War between late 1965 and early 1966. The 25th served in Vietnam until its withdrawal back to Hawaii in 1970–1971, participating in Operation Attleboro, Operation Cedar Falls, Operation Junction City, the Battle of Saigon during the North Vietnamese Tet Offensive, and the Cambodian Incursion. It was reorganized as a light infantry division in 1985, and elements have participated in the Iraq War and the War in Afghanistan.

History

Lineage
Sources:

 Constituted 26 August 1941 in the Army of the United States as Headquarters, 25th Infantry Division, based on a cadre Force from the former Hawaiian Division.
 Activated 1 October 1941 at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii
 Allotted 27 June 1949 to the Regular Army
 Division headquarters reorganized and redesignated 1 April 1960 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 25th Infantry Division
 Reorganized and redesignated 16 November 2005 as Headquarters and Tactical Command Posts, 25th Infantry Division
 Reorganized and redesignated 16 January 2010 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion, 25th Infantry Division

The 25th Division was originally formed in the Army of the United States from the 27th and 35th Infantry Regiments of the Regular Army Hawaiian Division− a pre–World War II "square" division composed of two brigades each with two infantry regiments, and the 298th Infantry Regiment of the Hawaii National Guard. The remaining units of the Hawaiian Division were reorganized in the Regular Army as the 24th Infantry Division. These steps, part of the "triangular" division reorganization, were undertaken to provide more flexibility, with direct divisional control of the three infantry regiments. On 23 July 1942, the 24th Infantry Division's 299th Infantry Regiment was inactivated after the transfer of many Nisei (second-generation Japanese-American) soldiers to form the 100th Infantry Battalion left its ranks depleted. The Washington National Guard's 161st Infantry Regiment, detached from the 41st Infantry Division and on duty in the Hawaiian Department, was at first attached, and then formally assigned as the 25th Infantry Division's third regiment on 3 August 1942.

Pacific War

After the Japanese air attack on Schofield Barracks on 7 December 1941, the 25th Infantry Division moved to beach positions for the defense of Honolulu and Ewa Point.
Following intensive training, the 25th began moving to Guadalcanal, 25 November 1942, to relieve Marines near Henderson Field. First elements landed near the Tenaru River, 17 December 1942, and entered combat, 10 January 1943, participating in the seizure of Kokumbona and the reduction of the Mount Austen Pocket in some of the bitterest fighting of the Pacific campaign. The threat of large enemy attacks caused a temporary withdrawal, but division elements under XIV Corps control relieved the 147th Infantry and took over the advance on Cape Esperance. The junction of these elements with Americal Division forces near the cape, 5 February 1943, ended organized enemy resistance.

A period of garrison duty followed, ending 21 July: On that date, advance elements debarked on Munda, New Georgia. The 25th Infantry, under the Northern Landing Force, took part in the capture of Vella Lavella, 15 August to 15 September 1943. Meanwhile, other elements landed on New Georgia, took Zieta, marched through jungle mud for 19 days, and captured Bairoko Harbor, winning the island. Elements cleared Arundel Island, 24 September 1943, and Kolombangara island with its important Vila Airport, 6 October. Organized resistance on New Georgia ended, 25 August, and the division moved to New Zealand for rest and training, last elements arriving on 5 December. The 25th was transferred to New Caledonia, 3 February-14 March 1944, for continued training.

The division landed in the San Fabian area of Luzon on 11 January 1945 to enter the struggle for the liberation of the Philippines. It drove across the Luzon Central Plain, meeting the enemy at Binalonan, 17 January. Moving through the rice paddies, the 25th occupied Umingan, Lupao, and San Jose and destroyed a great part of the Japanese armor on Luzon. On 21 February, the division began operations in the Caraballo Mountains in tandem with the 32nd Infantry Division which fought the Battle of Villa Verde Trail. The 25th fought its way along Highway No. 5, taking Digdig, Putlan, and Kapintalan against fierce Japanese counterattacks and captured Balete Pass, 13 May, and opened the gateway to the Cagayan Valley, 27 May, with the capture of Santa Fe. Until 30 June, when the division was relieved, it carried out mopping-up activities. On 1 July, the division moved to Tarlac for training, leaving for Japan, 20 September.

Casualties
Total battle casualties: 5,432

Killed in action: 1,236
Wounded in action: 4,190
Missing in action: 4
Prisoner of war: 2
The division's rapid movements during its campaigns led to the adoption of the nickname "Tropic Lightning". It remained on occupation duty in Japan for the next five years.

Korean War

The Korean War began on 25 June 1950 when the North Korean Korean People's Army (KPA) crossed the 38th Parallel to invade South Korea. Acting under United Nations (UN) orders, the division moved from its base in Japan to Korea between 5–18 July 1950 to join the Eighth United States Army. The division, then under the command of Major General William B. Kean, successfully completed its first mission by blocking the approaches to the port city Pusan. For this action, the division received its first Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation. The division participated in the breakout from the Pusan perimeter commencing on 16 September and Eighth Army then began a general offensive northward against crumbling KPA opposition to establish contact with forces of the 7th Infantry Division driving southward from the Inchon beachhead. Major elements of the KPA were destroyed and cut off in this aggressive penetration; the link-up was affected south of Suwon on 26 September. On 23 September the division was assigned to the newly activated US IX Corps. The UN offensive was continued northwards, past Seoul, and across the 38th Parallel into North Korea on 1 October. The momentum of the attack was maintained, and the race to the North Korean capital, Pyongyang, ended on 19 October when elements of the Republic of Korea Army (ROK) 1st Infantry Division and US 1st Cavalry Division captured the city. The advance continued, but against unexpectedly stiffening resistance. The Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) entered the war on the side of North Korea, making their first attacks in late October. The UN forces renewed their offensive on 24 November before being stopped by the PVA Second Phase Offensive starting on 25 November. The division was forced to carry out a systematic withdrawal and ordered to take up defensive positions on the south bank of the Chongchon River on 30 November 1950. Eventually, these lines failed and Eighth Army suffering heavy casualties, ordered a complete withdrawal to the Imjin River, near the 38th Parallel.

After a month and a half of planning and reorganization, a new offensive was launched on 25 January 1951 and succeeded in recapturing Inchon and Kimpo Air Base. This was the first of several successful assaults on the PVA/KPA. The division next participated in Operation Ripper, during which it drove the PVA across the Han River. Success continued with Operations Dauntless and Piledriver in early 1951. These offensives secured part of the Iron Triangle which enhanced the UN's bargaining position. With leaders of four nations now at the negotiating tables in the summer of 1951, Division activity slowed to patrol and defensive actions to maintain the line of resistance. This type of action continued into the winter of 1952. In January 1953 the division was transferred from IX Corps to I Corps and assumed the responsibility of guarding the approaches of Seoul on 5 May 1953. 23 days later, when ceasefire negotiations at Panmunjom stalled, a heavy PVA assault hit the Nevada Complex, the division held its ground; the brunt of the attack was absorbed by the attached Turkish Brigade and the 14th Infantry Regiment. By successfully defending Seoul from continued attack from May to July 1953, the division earned its second Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation. Again, negotiators moved toward peace. In July, the division again moved to reserve status at Camp Casey where it remained through the signing of the armistice 27 July 1953. Fourteen division soldiers were awarded Medals of Honor during the Korean War, making the division one of the most decorated US Army divisions of that war.

The division's 14th Infantry Regiment had three recipients of the Medal of Honor, Donn F. Porter, Ernest E. West and Bryant E. Womack. The 24th Infantry Regiment had two recipients, Cornelius H. Charlton and William Thompson. The 35th Infantry Regiment had three recipients, William R. Jecelin, Billie G. Kanell and Donald R. Moyer. Finally, the 27th Infantry Regiment had five recipients, John W. Collier, Reginald B. Desiderio, Benito Martinez, Lewis L. Millett and Jerome A. Sudut. The divisions patch is sometimes referred to as the "Electric Strawberry".

The division remained in Korea until 1954 and returned to Hawaii from September through October of that year. After a 12-year absence, the 25th Infantry Division had finally returned home.

On 1 February 1957, the division was reorganized as a Pentomic Division.  The division's three infantry regiments (the 14th, 27th and 35th) were inactivated, with their elements reorganized into five infantry battle groups (the 1-14 IN, 1-27 IN, 1-35 IN, 2-19 IN and the 2-21 IN).

In August 1963, the division was reorganized as a Reorganization Objective Army Division (ROAD).  Three Brigade Headquarters were activated and Infantry units were reorganized into battalions.

Vietnam War

In response to a request from the U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV), the division sent 100 helicopter door-gunners to South Vietnam in early 1963. By August 1965, further division involvement in the coming Vietnam War included the deployment of Company C, 65th Engineer Battalion, to South Vietnam to assist in the construction of port facilities at Cam Ranh Bay. By mid-1965, 2,200 men of the Tropic Lightning Division were involved in Vietnam. The division was again ordered to contribute combat forces in December of that year. Its resupply regiment, the 467th, was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George S Dotson through the end of the war.

In response to a MACV request, the division deployed the 3rd Brigade, a Reinforced Task Force, with 5,150 infantrymen and 9,000 tons of equipment from Hawaii in 25 days to the Northwest sector of South Vietnam to firmly establish a fortified enclave from which the division could operate. Operation Blue Light was the largest and longest airlift of personnel and cargo into a combat zone in military history before Operation Desert Shield. The brigade deployed its first soldiers from Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu, to the central highlands at Pleiku. These men arrived in Vietnam 24 December 1965. The 25th Infantry Division had its headquarters at Củ Chi Base Camp, near the Iron Triangle from January 1966 until February 1970. The division was heavily engaged from April 1966 until 1972 throughout the area of operations in Southeast Asia. During this period, Tropic Lightning soldiers fought in some of the toughest battles of the war including Operation Junction City.

During the Tet offensives of 1968 and 1969, Tropic Lightning soldiers were instrumental in defending the besieged city of Saigon.  From May through June 1970, division soldiers participated in Allied thrusts deep into enemy sanctuaries located in Cambodia. In these Incursion operations, the division units confiscated thousands of tons of supplies and hundreds of weapons. This operation crippled the Cambodian-based efforts against American units. Following its return from Cambodia to South Vietnam, the division resumed its place in the Vietnamization Program. The war was winding down. By late December 1970, elements of the 25th Infantry Division were able to begin redeployment to Schofield Barracks. Second Brigade was the last element of the division to depart Vietnam. It arrived at Fort Lewis, Washington in the early days of May 1971. Some elements in the 2nd Brigade were originally assigned to the 4th Infantry Division when they arrived in Vietnam. During the war in Vietnam, 22 Medals of Honor were awarded to Tropic Lightning soldiers.

Reorganization and light infantry status
After its return to Schofield Barracks, the 25th Infantry Division remained the only Army division to have never been stationed in the continental United States. In a time of overall military downsizing, it was reduced to a single brigade numbering 4,000 men. The division was reactivated in March 1972. It was reorganized to include as a "roundout" brigade the 29th Infantry Brigade of the Hawaii Army National Guard which included: the 2nd Battalion, 299th Infantry, Hawaii Army National Guard; 100th Battalion, 442d Infantry, US Army Reserve; and the 1st Battalion, 184th Infantry California Army National Guard. Now reorganized, the 25th Infantry Division trained for the next eight years throughout the Pacific Theater and continued to improve its combat capabilities with troop deployment varying in size from squads, who participated in training missions with Fijian forces, to exercises as large as Team Spirit, where more than 5,000 divisional troops and 1,700 pieces of equipment were airlifted to South Korea for this annual exercise.

In 1985, the division began its reorganization from a conventional infantry division to a light infantry division. The four primary characteristics of this new light infantry division were to be: mission flexibility, rapid deployment and combat readiness at 100 percent strength with a Pacific Basin orientation. Major configuration changes included the addition of a third infantry brigade, an additional direct-support artillery battalion and the expansion of the combat aviation battalion to a brigade-sized unit. With the loss of large quantities of heavy equipment, the 25th Infantry Division earned the designation "light" — the reorganization was completed by 1 October 1986. Training became more sophisticated and more intense. In 1988, the division's first battalions participated in rotations at the Joint Readiness Training Center, Fort Chaffee, Arkansas. This training center provides the most realistic training available to light forces in the Army. Coupled with joint/combined training exercises Cobra Gold in Thailand, Kangaroo in Australia and Orient Shield in Japan, the division's demanding exercise schedule significantly increased the division's fighting capabilities. Until 1993 Operation Team Spirit in Korea remained the division's largest annual maneuver exercise, involving more than half of the division's strength.

Organization 1989

At the end of the Cold War the division was organized as follows:

 25th Infantry Division (Light), Schofield Barracks, Hawaii
 Headquarters & Headquarters Company
 1st Brigade
 Headquarters & Headquarters Company
 5th Battalion, 14th Infantry
 3rd Battalion, 21st Infantry
 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry
 2nd Brigade
 Headquarters & Headquarters Company
 1st Battalion, 14th Infantry
 1st Battalion, 21st Infantry
 4th Battalion, 22nd Infantry
 3rd Brigade
 Headquarters & Headquarters Company
 3rd Battalion, 22nd Infantry
 4th Battalion, 27th Infantry
 4th Battalion, 87th Infantry
 Aviation Brigade
 Headquarters & Headquarters Company
 5th Squadron, 9th Cavalry (Reconnaissance)
 1st Battalion, 25th Aviation (Attack)
 Company F, 25th Aviation (General Support)
 Company G, 25th Aviation (Assault)
 Division Artillery
 Headquarters & Headquarters Battery
 3rd Battalion, 7th Field Artillery (18 × M102 105mm towed howitzer)
 1st Battalion, 8th Field Artillery (attached 18 x M198 155mm towed howitzer unit)
 7th Battalion, 8th Field Artillery (18 × M102 105mm towed howitzer)
 2nd Battalion, 11th Field Artillery (18 × M102 105mm towed howitzer)
 Battery F, 7th Field Artillery (8 × M198 155mm towed howitzer)
 Division Support Command
 Headquarters & Headquarters Company
 25th Medical Battalion
 25th Supply & Transportation Battalion
 725th Maintenance Battalion
 Company H, 25th Aviation (Aviation Intermediate Maintenance)
 1st Battalion, 62nd Air Defense Artillery
 65th Engineer Battalion
 125th Signal Battalion
 125th Military Intelligence Battalion
 25th Military Police Company
 71st Chemical Company
 25th Infantry Division Band

Desert Storm and the Post-Cold War era
Very few of the division's units participated in Operation Desert Storm, due to the division being earmarked for Pacific contingencies, such as a renewal of hostilities in Korea. However, during the Gulf War, one platoon each from Companies A, B and C, 4th Battalion, 27th Infantry, deployed to Saudi Arabia in January 1991. These Tropic Lightning soldiers were scheduled to be replacement squads in the ground campaign; however, after observing their performance in desert warfare training, the Assistant Commander of Third U.S. Army asked for them to become the security force for the Army's forward headquarters. In that role, the Wolfhound platoons were alerted and attached to Third Army (Forward) into Kuwait City 26 February, where they secured the headquarters area and conducted mop-up operations in the city and its adjacent mine fields. Company A's platoon was separated from the other Wolfhounds following that battle to accompany General H. Norman Schwarzkopf into Iraq 1 March 1991 to provide security at the truce signing. The three platoons returned to Schofield Barracks without casualties on 20 March 1991.

In 1995, the division underwent another reorganization and reduction as a part of the Army's downsizing. First Brigade and its direct support units were inactivated and moved to Fort Lewis, Washington, where they were again reactivated as a detached brigade of the 25th Infantry Division (Light).  Today the division is composed of the 2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Teams (based in Schofield Barracks, Hawaii), the 3rd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Schofield Barracks), a Combat Aviation Brigade, division support command, and a complement of separate battalions. As a major ground reserve force for the U.S. Pacific Command, the "Tropic Lightning" Division routinely deploys from Schofield Barracks to participate in exercises in Japan, South Korea, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia and the Big Island of Hawaii.

Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan

The division did not take part in the fighting in Afghanistan and Iraq from 2001–2003. However, in early 2004, units from the division deployed to Iraq to take part in the combat operations of that country. The 2d Brigade deployed in January 2004 to Iraq and returned to Schofield Barracks in February of the following year. The 3d Brigade, 25th Infantry Division began deploying to Afghanistan in March 2004. The first element to deploy was 2d Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment ("Wolfhounds"). They were accompanied by Battery B, 3d Battalion, 7th Field Artillery Regiment. The Wolfhounds operated in the volatile Paktika Province on the border with Pakistan in the Waziristan region. The 25th Infantry Division redeployed to Schofield Barracks Hawaii in April 2005.

The 25th Infantry Division is recognized for the first successful free democratic elections in Afghanistan on 9 October 2004. One of the missions of the 25th Infantry Division was to track down insurgent Taliban and Al-Qaeda members in the mountainous terrain of Afghanistan.

2005-2006 saw reorganization of 25th ID's brigades. 2nd and 3rd BCTs became Stryker and infantry brigade combat teams, respectively. 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division was activated in Fort Richardson, Alaska. The "Light" designation was dropped from the division name in January 2006. On 15 December 2006 the 172nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team was reflagged as the 1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 25th Infantry Division. Soldiers of the former 1st Stryker BCT at Fort Lewis, Washington moved to Germany to become part of the new 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment.

The 4th "Spartan" Brigade made its first combat deployment in October 2006 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom, serving for total of 15 months when the brigade was extended as part of the troop surge.2nd Brigade arrived in Iraq for a fifteen-month tour of duty in November 2007 and was based at Camp Taji northwest of Baghdad. Serving with the Multi-National Division-Baghdad, the brigade was responsible for the rural areas northwest and west of Baghdad with the 1st Battalion operating near Abu Ghuraib. 1st Battalion, 21st Infantry, working closely with their Iraqi counterparts, eliminated terrorist cells and uncovered and destroyed multiple weapons caches. The brigade returned to Schofield Barracks in early 2009.

In 2009, the 1st BCT, 2nd BCT, and 3rd BCT were deployed to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom while the 4th BCT deployed to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.

In June–August 2009, elements of the 25th Division participated in Operation Champion Sword.

December 2010 saw the division headquarters and headquarters battalion (HHBN) deploy to Baghdad Iraq to become the last division headquarters in Iraq. "Task Force Lightning" simultaneously advised and assisted Iraqi security forces, pursued insurgents, and prepared bases and equipment for transfer to Iraqi authorities. On 18 December 2011 the Division Headquarters completed its retrograde, training and security mission and redeployed back to Schofield Barracks Hawaii.

In April 2011,  3rd "Bronco" Brigade   returned to Afghanistan for a 12-month deployment. As part of Regional Command- East, 3rd BCT assumed responsibility for security and stability operations for Nangarhar, Kunar and Nuristan provinces located along the border with Pakistan. 1st Brigade followed in May 2011, deploying for 12 months to Kandahar Province. Partnered with the Afghan forces, the brigade conducted offensive operations that resulted in a major reduction of insurgent attacks in the province. In December 2011, the 4th BCT returned to Afghanistan for second time. The brigade was operated in Paktika and Khost Province near the eastern border of Afghanistan. In October 2012, the 4th BCT officially ended its 9-month deployment turning over operational responsibility to the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division.

The Combat Aviation Brigade, 25th Infantry Division was also in Afghanistan, from 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2013. The CAB operated in several key regions of Afghanistan, executing missions ranging from air assault to air movement, resupply and counterinsurgency operations. The CAB's Company F (Pathfinder), 2d Battalion, 25th Aviation Regiment, was on the ground conducting missions alongside Afghan forces. The Pathfinders conducted air assault missions with the 2nd Afghan National Civil Order Patrol SWAT to cut off the export of drugs into the area and keep the weapons from coming into the province. The CAB flew its last mission on 7 January 2013. The CAB, 3d Infantry Division took over 25th's mission.

In late 2017, approximately 1,500 soldiers of the 4th BCT deployed to Afghanistan as part of Operation Freedom's Sentinel.

On summer 2019, 1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team deployed to Iraq as a part of Operation Inherent Resolve. They relieved the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division.

Post Global War on Terror Reorganization

As part of Army-wide restructuring, units of the 25th ID underwent transformations and reorganizations. In 2016, 2nd BCT transferred its Strykers and reorganized to an infantry BCT. The brigade also deactivated its 1st Battalion, 14th Infantry Regiment. In addition, the 25th ID CAB's armed reconnaissance squadron swapped its OH-58 Kiowa for Apaches.

In May 2022, Army leadership announced US Army Alaska will be reflagged to 11th Airborne Division. Subsequently on June 2022 the two 25th ID patch wearing units, 1st and 4th BCTs, which were under operational control of USARAK, reflagged to 1st and 2nd Brigade Combat Teams, 11th Abn Division, respectively.

Organization

The 25th Infantry Division consists of two infantry brigade combat teams, a division artillery, a combat aviation brigade, and a division sustainment brigade. The brigade's artillery battalions are under 25th Division Artillery for training and readiness in garrison but remain organic to their respective brigades.

  25th Infantry Division
 2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (2nd IBCT) "Warriors" (located at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii)
  Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 2nd IBCT
  2nd Squadron, 14th Cavalry Regiment (Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition)
  1st Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment "Gimlets"
  1st Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment
  1st Battalion, 151st Infantry Regiment (IN NG)
  2nd Battalion, 11th Field Artillery Regiment
  65th Brigade Engineer Battalion
  225th Brigade Support Battalion
 3rd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (3rd IBCT) "Broncos" (located at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii)
  Headquarters and Headquarters Company "Horsemen", 3rd IBCT
  3rd Squadron, 4th Cavalry Regiment "Raider"
  2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment "Wolfhounds"
  2nd Battalion, 35th Infantry Regiment "Cacti"
  100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry Regiment, Army Reserve (Associate Unit)
  3rd Battalion, 7th Field Artillery Regiment "Steel"
  29th Brigade Engineer Battalion "Wayfinders"
  325th Brigade Support Battalion "Mustangs"
 25th Division Artillery (25th DIVARTY) "Tropic Thunder" (Located at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii)
  Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 25th DIVARTY
 25th Combat Aviation Brigade (25th CAB) (located at Wheeler AAF, Hawaii)
  Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 25th CAB
  2nd Squadron, 6th Cavalry Regiment (AH-64) "Lightning Horse"
  2nd Battalion, 25th Aviation Regiment (UH-60) "Diamond Head"
  3rd Battalion, 25th Aviation Regiment (CH-47) (UH-60) "Hammerhead"
  209th Aviation Support Battalion "Lobos"
 25th Division Sustainment Brigade (located at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii)
  Headquarters and Headquarters Company
  Division Sustainment Troops Battalion
  524th Division Sustainment Support Battalion

Past and present commanders
Source:

 MG Maxwell Murray 1941–1942
 MG J. Lawton Collins 1942–1943
 MG Charles L. Mullins Jr. 1943–1948
 BG Everett E. Brown (acting) 1948
 MG William B. Kean 1948–1951
 MG Joseph S. Bradley 1951
 MG Ira P. Swift 1951–1952
 MG Samuel T. Williams 1952–1953
 MG Halley G. Maddox 1953–1954
 BG Oscar W. Koch (acting) 1954
 MG Leslie D. Carter 1954
 MG Herbert B. Powell 1954–1956
 MG Edwin J. Messinger 1956–1957
 MG Archibald W. Stuart 1957–1958
 MG  1958–1960
 MG Jonathan O. Seaman 1960
 MG James L. Richardson 1960–1962
 MG  1962–1963
 MG  1963–1964
 MG Frederick C. Weyand 1964–1967
 MG John C. F. Tillson, III 1967
 MG Fillmore K. Mearns 1967–1968
 MG Ellis W. Williamson 1968–1969
 MG Harris W. Hollis 1969–1970
 MG  1970–1971
 MG Ben Sternberg 1971
 MG Thomas W. Mellen 1971–1972
 MG Robert N. Mackinnon 1972–1974
 MG  1974–1976
 MG Willard W. Scott, Jr. 1976–1978
 MG Otis C. Lynn 1978–1980
 MG  1980–1982
 MG William H. Schneider 1982–1984
 MG Claude M. Kicklighter 1984–1986
 MG James W. Crysel 1986–1988
 MG Charles P. Otstott 1988–1990
 MG Fred A. Gorden 1990–1992
 MG Robert L. Ord III 1992–1993
 MG George A. Fisher Jr. 1993–1995
 MG  1995–1997
 MG James T. Hill 1997–1999
 MG William E. Ward 1999–2000
 MG James M. Dubik 2000–2002
 MG Eric T. Olson 2002–2005
 MG Benjamin R. Mixon 2005–2008
 BG Mick Bednarek February–May 2008
 MG Robert L. Caslen Jr. 2008–2009
 MG Bernard S. Champoux 2010–2012
 MG W. Kurt Fuller 2012–2014
 MG Charles A. Flynn 2014–2016
 MG Christopher G. Cavoli 2016–2018
 MG Ronald P. Clark 2018–2019
 MG James B. Jarrard 2019–2021
 MG Joseph A. Ryan, 2021–2023
 MG Marcus S. Evans, 2023–present

Honors

Campaigns

 World War II:
 Central Pacific;
 Guadalcanal;
 Northern Solomons;
 Luzon
 Korean War:
 UN Defensive;
 UN Offensive;
 CCF Intervention;
 First UN Counteroffensive;
 CCF Spring Offensive;
 UN Summer-Fall Offensive;
 Second Korean Winter;
 Korea, Summer-Fall 1952;
 Third Korean Winter;
 Korea, Summer 1953

 Vietnam:
 Counteroffensive;
 Counteroffensive, Phase II;
 Counteroffensive, Phase III;
 Tet Counteroffensive;
 Counteroffensive, Phase IV;
 Counteroffensive, Phase V;
 Counteroffensive, Phase VI;
 Tet 69/Counteroffensive;
 Summer-Fall 1969;
 Winter-Spring 1970;
 Sanctuary Counteroffensive;
 Counteroffensive, Phase VII

Medal of Honor recipients

WORLD WAR II:
SGT Fournier, William G.
Technician 5th Grade Hall, Lewis
CPT Davis, Charles W.
Technician 4th Grade Parrish, Laverne
MSG McGaha, Charles L.
SSG Cooley, Raymond H.

KOREA:
PFC Thompson, William
MSG Handrich, Melvin O.
CPL Collier, John W.
SGT Jecelin, William R.
CPT Desiderio, Reginald B.
CPT Millett, Lewis L.
SFC Moyer, Donald R.
SGT Charlton, Cornelius H.
PVT Kanell, Billie G.
2LT Sudut, Jerome A.
PFC Womack, Bryant E.
CPL Martinez, Benito
SGT Porter, Donn F.
PFC West, Ernest E.

VIETNAM
SPC Fernandez, Daniel
1LT Ray, Ronald Eric
PFC Baker, John F., Jr.
CPT Foley, Robert F.
1LT Grant, Joseph Xavier
SGT Belcher, Ted
1SG Yabes, Maximo
1LT Karopczyc, Stephen Edward
1LT Sargent, Ruppert L.
SPC Stumpf, Kenneth E.
CPT Pitts, Riley L.
SPC Cutinha, Nicholas J.
SSG Lambers, Paul Ronald
SSG Young, Marvin R.
1LT Warren, John E., Jr.
CPL Bennett, Thomas W.
SSG Hartsock, Robert W.
1LT Doane, Stephen Holden
SGT Fleek, Charles Clinton
SSG Bowen, Hammett L., Jr.
SPC Petersen, Danny J.
1LT Steindam, Russell A.
SPC Copas, Ardie R.

Decorations
  Valorous Unit Award (Army) for 1/25th (SBCT) OIF III 2005
  Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for VIETNAM 1969
  Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for OIF 2007
  Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) (1st Brigade) for OIF 2008-9 (This unit citation was not presented until 30 September 2013 by General Orders no. 2013–63.)
  Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for 3rd Battalion 25th Aviation Regiment OIF 2010 Order number 225-09 13, August 2010
  Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) (HHBN) for OND 2010-2011
  Philippine Presidential Unit Citation for 17 OCTOBER 1944 TO 4 JULY 1945
  Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation for:
 MASAN-CHINJU
 MUNSAN-NI
  Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for:
 VIETNAM 1966–1968
 VIETNAM 1968–1970
  Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class for VIETNAM 1966–1970

Division memorial
The 25th Infantry Division Memorial, which is located at Schofield Barracks, consists of four statues. The first statue was unveiled in June 2005. Cast in bronze, it depicts a War on Terrorism infantry soldier, representing the more than 4,000 soldiers of the division who have served in Afghanistan and Iraq since the war began in 2001. The other three statues represent the division's soldiers who served in World War II, Korea, and Vietnam.

The War on Terrorism statue was sculpted by local artist Lynn Liverton. An active-duty soldier, wounded in Iraq, was selected by the Army in 2005 as the model for the statue. He is shown in full infantry uniform (bearing his surname), looking at a deceased comrade's boots, weapon, and helmet, set up as a field cross.

Depictions in media
 James Jones' 1962 novel The Thin Red Line focuses on a company of soldiers of the 27th Infantry Regiment fighting around the Galloping Horse on Guadalcanal in 1942–43.
 In the 1946 film The Best Years of Our Lives, the character of Al Stephenson (Frederic March) has just been discharged from service with the 25th Infantry Division; his shoulder patch clearly identifies the division.
 The 1953 Academy Award-winning movie From Here to Eternity depicts scenes and troop housing billets of Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, the headquarters of the 25th Infantry Division.
 In Oliver Stone's 1986 Vietnam War film Platoon, the fictional military unit is depicted by its shoulder patches as being part of the 25th Infantry Division.
 The stories in The 'Nam, a Marvel Comics series about the Vietnam War, are about the 4th Battalion, 23rd Infantry, part of the 25th Infantry Division.
 The shoulder patches that the tunnel rats in 1968: Tunnel Rats wear depict the 25th Infantry Division.
 The film Tropic Thunder takes its title from the 25th Infantry's nickname, "Tropic Lightning".
 Johnny Rico based his book Blood Makes the Grass Grow Green: A Year in the Desert with Team America on his experience with the 25th Infantry Division in Afghanistan.
 In Command & Conquer: Red Alert, the American officers in the Allied campaign's final mission briefing have the 25th Infantry's patch.
 In the FX TV series Sons of Anarchy, John Teller, the long dead father of protagonist Jax Teller, and one of the founders of the Sons of Anarchy motorcycle club, is said to have served in the 25th Infantry in the Vietnam War along with fellow founder Piney Winston.
• In the CBS military action-drama series, The Unit, Colonel Tom Ryan and Sergeant First Class Hector Williams are identified as former members of the 25th Infantry Division by the unit badges displayed on their class-A dress uniforms.

Notable members

Rapper and actor Ice-T served in the 25th Infantry Division from 1977 to 1979.
 Film director, screenwriter, and producer Oliver Stone served in the 25th Infantry Division during the Vietnam War.
 Country music singer and actor George Strait served in the 25th Infantry Division from 1971 to 1975.
 Track Palin, the oldest son of former Governor of Alaska and 2008 Republican vice-presidential nominee Sarah Palin, served in Iraq for a year as a member of the 1st Brigade, 25th Infantry Division.
Alaska-based serial killer Israel Keyes was a member and served the 25th Infantry Division from 1998 to 2001
Israel Keyes victim Bill Currier was also coincidentally a member of the 25th Infantry Division

References

External links

 25th Infantry Division Home Page—official site
 Lineage and Honors of the 25th Infantry Division
 25th Infantry Division Association
 Army Almanac: 25th Infantry Division  at the United States Army Center of Military History
 Tropic Lightning Museum official webpage
 List of Commanding Generals by the 25th Infantry Division Association

 Media

025th Infantry Division, U.S.
Military units and formations in Hawaii
025th Infantry Division
Infantry Division, U.S. 025th
Infantry divisions of the United States Army in World War II
Infantry
Infantry
USInfDiv0025
Military units and formations established in 1941
1941 establishments in Hawaii

25th Infantry Division (United States)


An Bambusa clavata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Christopher Mark Adrian Stapleton. An Bambusa clavata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bambusa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bambusa

Bambusa clavata


Jada Koren Pinkett Smith () este o actriță americană. A jucat în filme precum Scream 2, Ali, The Matrix Reloaded, The Matrix Revolutions și seria Madagascar. A fost soția actorului Will Smith, cu care are doi copii, Jaden și Willow. In octombrie 2023 aceasta a anuntat ca cei doi erau separati din 2016.

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1971
Nașteri pe 18 septembrie
Actori americani

Jada Pinkett Smith


An Hohenbergia inermis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Christian Mez. An Hohenbergia inermis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hohenbergia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Jamaica. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Hohenbergia

Hohenbergia inermis


An Amorphophallus angolensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Friedrich Welwitsch ngan Heinrich Wilhelm Schott, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Nicholas Edward Brown. An Amorphophallus angolensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Amorphophallus, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 A. a. angolensis
 A. a. maculatus

Mga kasarigan

Amorphophallus

Amorphophallus angolensis


عيسى المحياني (22 يونيو 1983 -)، مدرب كرة قدم ولاعب سعودي سابق.

لعب لصالح نادي نجران بعد أن انتقل من نادي الاتحاد السعودي في موسم عامي 2014 / 2015 .
وفي العام الذي يليه 2015 / 2016 انتقل إلى نادي نجران السعودي لعدم التوفيق مع الاتحاد
وهو هداف كأس آسيا للشباب لعام 2002 وأفضل لاعب كرة قدم آسيوي لشهر يوليو عام 2002 وهداف الدوري السعودي عامي 2005 / 2006 وهداف دوري أبطال العرب 2008.

تم تعيينه كمدرب لنادي الوحدة في عام 2020.

انجازاته الشخصية
 هداف كأس آسيا للشباب في قطر عام 2002.
 أفضل لاعب آسيوي لشهر يوليو من عام 2002.
 هداف الدوري السعودي.
 خامس أفضل لاعب عربي حسب استفتاء الجزيرة نت.
 هداف دوري ابطال العرب 2008
 شارك مع منتخبات الناشئين والشباب والأولمبي والأول
 وقد ساهم في تأهيل منتخب الشباب لكأس العالم 2003 في الإمارات، وشارك فيها حيث سجل هدفًا في مرمى منتخب إيرلندا.
 له عدة أهداف حاسمة مع الهلال:
 هدف نهائي كأس الأمير فيصل ضد نادي الشباب.
 هدف نصف نهائي كأس الأمير فيصل ضد نادي الأهلي.
 هدف الدور الأول دوري ابطال آسيا ضد الأهلي الإماراتي.
 هدف نصف نهائي دوري ابطال آسيا ضد الغرافة.
 ابرز اهدافة بالكعب ضد الحزم والذي به توج الهلال بطلا للدوري.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سعوديون
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
لاعبو النادي الأهلي (السعودية)
لاعبو دوري المحترفين السعودي
لاعبو كرة قدم سعوديون
لاعبو منتخب السعودية لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي الاتحاد (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي الشباب (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي الهلال (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي الوحدة (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي نجران
مدربو دوري المحترفين السعودي
مدربو كرة قدم سعوديون
مدربو نادي الوحدة (السعودية)
مواليد 1403 هـ
مواليد 1983

عيسى المحياني


Museo es el nombre de al menos tres poetas griegos: uno de Atenas, que habría sido un poeta heroico, uno de Tebas, que habría sido el fundador de la poesía lírica (en una época anterior a la guerra de Troya), y un tercero de Éfeso, que perteneció a la escuela poética de Pérgamo.

El nombre "Museo" hace explícita indicación de su vinculación a las Musas, los espíritus relacionados con Apolo a los que se atribuye la creatividad.

La historicidad real de cada uno de ellos es discutible, especialmente de los dos primeros, situados en un entorno atemporal, junto con Orfeo y otros personajes de la mitología griega.

Notas

Poetas de la Antigua Grecia

Museo (poeta)


Ștefan Oprea () a fost un dramaturg, prozator și critic de teatru și film român.

Biografie
S-a născut în familia funcționarului Vasile Oprea și a soției acestuia, Aneta (n. Grigoraș). A urmat școala primară în satul
Coarnele Caprei (1940-1945), cursul secundar la Liceul "C. Negruzzi" din Iași (1945-1948), studii medii la Școala Normală "Vasile
Lupu" din Iași (1948-1952) și apoi Facultatea de Filologie a Universității din Iași (1952-1956). Ulterior a urmat studii post-universitare de limba engleză (1977-1978). A obținut în anul 2000 titlul de doctor în filologie al Universității din Iași cu teza Eminescu, omul de teatru.

După absolvirea facultății a lucrat ca redactor cultural la ziarul Flacăra Iașului (1956-1966), șef secție arte (1966-1969), secretar general de redacție (1970-1979), redactor-șef adjunct (1979-1993) și publicist comentator (1993-1996) la revista Cronica, redactor-șef al revistei Dacia literară (1996-2005) și consilier șef al Inspectoratului de Cultură al jud. Iași (1993-1996). A ocupat postul de profesor de jurnalism la Universitatea "D. Cantemir" din Iași, apoi, prin concurs, postul de conferențiar la Facultatea de Teatru a Universității de Arte "George Enescu" din Iași (1992-2006).

Activitatea publicistică
A debutat cu versuri la Flacăra Iașului în 1957, publicând, de asemenea, un număr mare de cronici de teatru și film în revistele Iașul literar, Cronica, Convorbiri literare, Dacia literară, Tribuna, România literară, Teatrul, Cinema, Ateneu, Literatura și arta etc. A mai semnat cu pseudonimul Șt.O. Mugur. Este membru al Uniunii Scriitorilor din România, al Uniunii Teatrale din România, al Uniunii Cineaștilor din România și al Asociației Internaționale a Criticilor de Teatru.

Ștefan Oprea a avut o preocupare constantă pentru teatru. Prima sa piesă, Inimă de ginere, a fost publicată în 1963 în revista Iașul literar. Piesele sale au fost jucate pe scenele teatrelor românești: Constelația Ursului (pusă în scenă la Teatrul Național "Vasile Alecsandri" din Iași, în regia lui E. Tr. Bordușan, în stagiunea 1968/1969), Dubla dispariție a Marthei N… (Teatrul Dramatic "G. Bacovia" din Bacău, stagiunea 1975/1976) și Plus sau minus viața (la același teatru, 1980). A publicat patru volume de teatru: Balansoar pentru maimuțe (1972), Căderea păsării de seară (1981), Viața și dragostea într-o vilă stil (2001) și Harap Alb și alții (2002) și a realizat dramatizări comice și carnavalești după Mark Twain (Prinț și cerșetor și Regele și yankeul, adaptare după Un yankeu la curtea regelui Arthur) și Ion Creangă (Un boț cu ochi din Humulești și Harap Alb). Piesele sunt alegorii fantasmagorice cu personaje simbolice care alunecă spre tărâmul suprareal (Constelația Ursului, Balansoar pentru maimuțe) sau drame polițiste cu accente etice (Dubla dispariție a Marthei N…, Plus sau minus viața). Personajele predilecte ale lui Ștefan Oprea sunt tineri idealiști însetați de adevăr și adversari ai falsității și imposturii, plasați într-o luptă inegală, sumbră sau uneori chiar sinistră, cu lașitatea și obtuzitatea societății.

Romanele Procesul manechinelor (1974) și Plus sau minus infinitul (1978) conțin o literatură polițistă teatrală ce combină investigația proprie genului cu analiza psihologică, conturând un "joc al ipotezelor" și trecând dincolo de aparențe. Criticul Florin Faifer constata că romanele sus-menționate conțin clișeele specifice genului, manevrate însă cu o luciditate ironică, iar pasajele descriptive sunt impregnate de un lirism calofil.

A publicat mai multe volume de critică teatrală (Martor al Thaliei, 1979; Din fotoliul 13, 1986; Chipuri și măști, 1996; Eminescu, omul de teatru, 2000) și cinematografică (Statui de celuloid, 1972; Filmul, vocație și rutină, 1974; Diorame cinematografice, 1983; Stelele Oscarului, în colab., I-III, 1996-2004), în care sunt întreprinse analize meticuloase ale unor spectacole teatrale sau filme românești și străine, ce urmăresc gradul de creativitate artistică. Volumul Scriitorii și filmul (2004) analizează procesul de transformare a operei literare în film, evidențiind calitățile și defectele ecranizărilor în raport cu scrierea de inspirație.

Premii și alte omagii
Activitatea de critic de teatru și film a profesorului Ștefan Oprea a fost recunoscută prin decernarea mai multor premii: Premiul de critică al A.T.M. (1982); Premiul revistei Tomis (1987); Premiul Salonului de Carte, Iași-Chișinău (1996); Premiul Asociației Internaționale a Criticilor de Teatru, A.I.C.T. (1997; 2001, secția română) și Premiul pentru întreaga activitate al Uniunii Teatrale din România (UNITER) (2012). De asemenea, a fost decorat în anul 2002 cu Ordinul național Pentru Merit în grad de Cavaler "pentru meritele avute în creația artistică și promovarea culturii românești în țară și peste hotare, pentru abnegația deosebită în slujirea instituțiilor culturale din Moldova".

Cu ocazia aniversării a 80 de ani de viață, fosta lui studentă Alina Ilașcu-Paraschiv a coordonat publicarea volumului omagial Ștefan Oprea, față și profil în 80 de fărâme (Ed. Dana Art, Iași, 2012), în care au fost incluse 80 de fragmente critice, interviuri, consemnări, mărturisiri, semnate de specialiști recunoscuți.

Opera

Volume de dramaturgie
 Balansoar pentru maimuțe, teatru, Ed. Cartea Românească, București, 1972;
 Căderea păsării de seară, teatru, Ed. Junimea, Iași, 1981;
 Viața și dragostea într-o vilă stil, teatru, Ed. Axa/Junimea, Botoșani/Iași, 2001;
 Harap Alb și alții, dramatizări, Ed. Timpul, Iași, 2002;
 Ion Creangă în luminile rampei (coautor), Ed. Timpul, Iași, 2015;
 Teatru, Ed. Artes, Iași, 2017.

Volume de proză
 Procesul manechinelor, roman polițist, Ed. Junimea, Iași, 1974;
 Plus sau minus infinitul, roman polițist, Ed. Junimea, Iași, 1978.

Volume de critică și istorie cinematografică
 Statui de celuloid, critică cinematografică, Ed. Junimea, Iași, 1972;
 Filmul, vocație și rutină, critică cinematografică, Ed. Junimea, Iași, 1974;
 Diorame cinematografice, critică cinematografică, Ed. Junimea, Iași, 1983;
 Stelele Oscarului, critică și istorie cinematografică, în colab. cu fiica sa, Anca-Maria Rusu, Iași, vol. I, II, Ed. Junimea, Iași, 1996, 2002, vol. III, Ed. Opera Magna, Iași, 2004; ediția a II-a revăzută și actualizată, Cartea Oscarurilor, Ed. Cartier, Chișinău, 2006; ed. a III-a, revăzută și actualizată, Cartea Premiilor Oscar, Ed. Vasiliana, Iași, 2012;
 Scriitorii și filmul – o perspectivă cinematografică asupra literaturii române, critică și istorie cinematografică, Ed. Timpul, Iași, 2004;
 Clipa și durata, Ed. Vasiliana, Iași, 2012.

Volume de critică și istorie teatrală
 Martor al Thaliei, critică teatrală, Ed. Junimea, Iași, 1979;
 Din fotoliul 13, critică teatrală, Ed. Junimea, Iași, 1986;
 Chipuri și măști, critică teatrală, Ed. Cronica, Iași, 1996;
 Eminescu, omul de teatru, istorie teatrală, Ed. Timpul, Iași, 2000;
 Căruța lui Thespis, critică și istorie teatrală, Ed. Opera Magna, Iași, 2006;
 Măria Sa Teofil Vâlcu, Ed. Timpul, Iași, 2007; ed. a II-a revăzută și adăugită, Fundația culturală "Camil Petrescu" și revista Teatrul azi, Ed. Cheiron, București, 2016;
 Pas la pas prin festivaluri, Ed. Opera Magna, Iași, 2011;
 Intersecții teatrale, Ed. Junimea, Iași, 2012;
 Prin teatre și prin ani, Ed. Artes, Iași, 2012;
 Dramaturgi francezi pe scenele românești în secolele XIX și XX, dicționar, Ed. Artes, Iași, vol. I, 2014, vol. II, 2016, în colab. cu Anca-Maria Rusu;
 Vârstele scenei, vol. I-II, Ed. Junimea, Iași, 2016.
 Școala ieșeană de teatru (coautor; coord. Anca-Maria Rusu), istorie teatrală, Ed. Artes, Iași, 2005; ed. a II-a, revăzută și actualizată, Ed. Artes, Iași, 2010;
 Caragiale în Iașii Junimii (coautor; coord. Olga Rusu), Ed. Timpul, Iași, 2002;
 Ștefan Oprea, față și profil în 80 de fărâme, vol. bio-bibliografic îngrijit de Alina Paraschiv, Ed. Dana Art, Iași, 2012.

Distincții

=Premii și diplome de onoare
 Premiul pentru dramaturgie al Asociației Scriitorilor Iași (1980)
 Premiul Național de critică teatrală (ATM, 1982)
 Premiul revistei Cronica (1986, 1992, 1996)
 Premiul pentru critică teatrală al revistei Tomis (1986)
 Premiul Salonului de carte Iași-Chișinău (1996)
 Premiul "Vasile Pogor" al municipalității Iași (1996),
 Premiul Criticii al Asociației Internaționale a Criticilor de Teatru, AICT (1996 pentru volumul Chipuri și măști)
 Premiul Criticii al Asociației Internaționale a Criticilor de Teatru, AICT (2000, pentru volumul Eminescu, omul de teatru)
 Premiul pentru operă dramaturgică al revistei Convorbiri literare (2002)
 Premiul de excelență al Filialei Iași a Uniunii Scriitorilor (2002, 2007)
 Premiul de excelență al Uniunii Scriitorilor din România (2012)
 Premiul "Opera omnia" acordat de Filiala Iași a Uniunii Scriitorilor (2012)
 Premiul UNITER pentru întreaga carieră (2012)
 Diploma de excelență acordată de Direcția pentru Cultură și Culte Iași (2002)
 Diploma de onoare și titlul de Prieten al Centrului Internațional de Cultură "George Apostu" din Bacău (2012, 2015)

Decorații
 Ordinul național Pentru Merit în grad de Cavaler "pentru meritele avute în creația artistică și promovarea culturii românești în țară și peste hotare, pentru abnegația deosebită în slujirea instituțiilor culturale din Moldova" (2002)

Note

Repere jurnalistice - opera și personalitatea lui Ștefan Oprea

 Constantin Paiu, "Ștefan Oprea 90: Să mori, să dormi...să dormi sau poate să visezi", Expres cultural, nr. 9 (sept.) 2022

 Cristi Avram, "Ștefan Oprea – the Profile of an Authentic Researcher", International Conference of Doctoral School for Theater and Performing Arts and the Research Center of The Faculty of Theater at the George Enescu National University of Arts, 1918-2018: 100 Years of Theater Research in Iași (p.141-145)
 "Ștefan Oprea între clipă și durată", Cronica veche, nr. 8 (august) 2018
 "Teatrul ieșean pe drumul frumoaselor tradiții", interviu realizat de Magdalena Lupu, 6 octombrie 2017
 Constantin Ieșeanu, "Contribuțiile majore aduse de Ștefan Oprea criticii și istoriei teatrului românesc", MagnaNews, 1 noiembrie 2016
 Călin Ciobotari, "Ștefan Oprea, cel mai fidel cronicar de teatru… – De peste jumătate de secol scrie despre Teatrul ieșean", 7est.ro, 27 octombrie 2016

 O cronică de viață, TVR Iași, 5 februarie 2014

Bibliografie
 Aurel Sasu (ed.), Dicționarul biografic al literaturii române, vol. II, Editura Paralela 45, Pitești, 2004, pp. 259-260.

Legături externe
 Site personal

Nașteri în 1932
Decese în 2018
Critici de teatru români
Critici de film români
Dramaturgi români

Ștefan Oprea (critic de teatru și film)


Le château de Broughton est un manoir médiéval fortifié situé dans le village de Broughton, à environ trois kilomètres au sud-ouest de Banbury dans l'Oxfordshire, en Angleterre, sur la route B4035. C'est la demeure de la famille Fiennes (Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes), barons Saye et Sele. Le château se trouve sur une île artificielle dans les pâturages et est entouré de larges douves. De l'autre côté du petit pont se trouve l'église paroissiale Sainte-Marie-la-Vierge, entourée de son cimetière historique. Bâtiment classé , il ouvre au public pendant l'été.

Histoire
Le château est construit comme manoir par Sir John de Broughton en 1300 à un endroit où la confluence de trois ruisseaux créé un site naturel pour un manoir entouré de douves. La maison est vendue en 1377 à William de Wykeham, évêque de Winchester, et reste dans la même famille depuis cette époque. La maison d'origine est crénelée en 1406 par Sir Thomas Wykeham. En 1451, il passe par héritage à la famille Fiennes, les barons Saye et Sele. À partir de 1550, Richard Fiennes transforme le manoir médiéval en maison de style Tudor, agrandissant considérablement l'édifice . Jacques  séjourne au château de Broughton à plusieurs reprises.

Au XVIIe siècle, William Fiennes (1er vicomte Saye et Sele), connu sous le nom de « Old Subtlety », est l'un des principaux militants contre Charles . En conséquence, le château est utilisé par des sympathisants parlementaires  tels que John Pym et John Hampden, comme lieu de rencontre dans la décennie qui précède la guerre civile. Le  vicomte lève des troupes pour lutter contre le roi lors de la bataille peu concluante d'Edgehill en 1642. Les jours suivants, les troupes royalistes  assiègent le château, vainquant rapidement les défenseurs et occupant le château pendant un certain temps. Après la fin des hostilités, des travaux de reconstruction sont entrepris pour réparer les dommages causés par les canons royalistes. Lord Saye et Sele échappe à la signature de l'arrêt de mort de Charles  et peut faire la paix avec la Couronne après la restauration anglaise.

Broughton tombe en ruine au  mais est finalement sauvé par le Vénérable Frederick Fiennes (16e baron Saye et Sele), qui est archidiacre de Hereford et qui fait venir l'éminent architecte victorien George Gilbert Scott. Au tournant du siècle, la maison est louée par la mondaine édouardienne Lady Algernon Gordon-Lennox, qui transforme les jardins  et héberge Édouard VII au château. C'est la maison d'enfance de , duchesse de Portland.

C'est toujours la maison de la famille Fiennes.

Pièces principales

La maison de gardien date de 1406, et le bloc à sa gauche, maintenant le magasin et le café, a des fenêtres gothiques donnant sur les douves. La façade principale est médiévale à gauche, mais de style maison prodige élisabéthaine au centre et à droite. La chapelle est décorée de style gothique du , les autres pièces principales qui sont ouvertes, sont principalement élisabéthaines. La grande salle longe la façade. A l'étage il y a une longue galerie donnant sur les jardins à l'arrière. Le bâtiment a également un Solar, mais celui-ci est ensuite converti en une aile de cuisine .

Les meilleures chambres ont deux cheminées très élaborées, dans la chambre de la reine (utilisée par Anne de Danemark) une en pierre fortement décorée d'ornements dans un style " proclamant la Renaissance mais révélant en même temps une compréhension encore très imparfaite de ce dont il s'agissait ". C'est probablement le travail d'un sculpteur local ayant accès à un livre de modèles d'ornements tels que ceux de Hans Vredeman de Vries .

Il y a plusieurs beaux plafonds en plâtre, le plus spectaculaire dans le grand salon au premier étage et la salle du chêne en dessous. Il y a du papier peint chinois du XVIIIe siècle de différents motifs d'arbres, d'oiseaux et de fleurs dans trois chambres, en très bon état. Au niveau du toit, il y a une pièce que l'on croit être celle "sans oreilles", où le 1er vicomte a comploté avec les dirigeants parlementaires dans les années précédant la guerre civile .

Au cinéma et à la télévision
Des scènes des films La pantoufle et la rose (1976), Le Mouron rouge (1982), Oxford Blues (1984), Tels pères, telle fille (1990), La Folie du roi George (1994), Shakespeare in Love (1998 ) et Jane Eyre (2011) ont été tournées au château. Des tournages télévisés pour des parties d'Elizabeth The Virgin Queen, Friends and Crocodiles, 1975 Morecambe and Wise Christmas Show, Hilary Mantel 's Wolf Hall, Keeping Up Appearances et les titres de Noel's House Party y ont également eu lieu.

En août 1981, le groupe de folk rock britannique Fairport Convention organise son concert de réunion annuelle au château de Broughton, plutôt qu'à l'emplacement habituel de Cropredy . Le concert a été enregistré et publié sur l'album Moat on the Ledge (1982).

Références

Bibliographie
 .
 .
.

Liens externes

Monument classé de Grade I dans l'Oxfordshire

Château de Broughton


Die katholische Pfarrkirche Saint-Côme-Saint-Damien in Luzarches, einer Gemeinde im Département Val-d'Oise in der französischen Region Île-de-France, geht auf das 11. Jahrhundert zurück. Sie wurde mehrfach umgebaut und verbindet Bauteile der Romanik, Gotik und der Renaissance. Seit 1912 steht die Kirche als Monument historique auf der Liste der Baudenkmäler in Frankreich.

Geschichte
Bei Ausgrabungen unter dem Chor wurde ein gallo-römischer Vorgängerbau freigelegt, dem in karolingischer Zeit ein weiterer Kirchenbau folgte. Die erste Kirche war vermutlich dem Apostel Bartholomäus geweiht. Im 8. Jahrhundert erhielt die Kirche das Patrozinium der beiden Brüder und Märtyrer Cosmas und Damian.

Im 11. Jahrhundert erfolgte ein Neubau der Kirche, von dem die Hauptapsis und zwei südliche Joche des Chores erhalten sind. In der Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts errichtete man die nördliche Seitenapsis. Um 1300 wurde die südliche Apsis abgerissen und durch eine gotische Marienkapelle ersetzt. Im 16. Jahrhundert sollte die Kirche im Stil der Renaissance umgebaut werden. Die Fassade und das erste Joch des Schiffes wurden erneuert, der Turm wurde aufgestockt. Danach wurden die Arbeiten wegen fehlender Mittel wieder eingestellt. Im 17. Jahrhundert und in den 1880er Jahren folgten weitere Umbauten des Schiffes.

Architektur

Außenbau
Das Chorhaupt weist eine Baugeschichte von fünfhundert Jahren auf. Der älteste Teil, die romanische Hauptapsis, ist innen halbrund und außen dreiseitig geschlossen. Die Ecken werden durch Dreiviertelsäulen verstärkt. Auf halber Höhe verläuft ein Zahnschnittfries, der sich auch über die drei Rundbogenfenster fortsetzt.

Die ebenfalls romanische, etwas später errichtete nördliche Apsis besitzt einen halbkreisförmigen Grundriss. Sie ist schmuckloser und ebenfalls von drei rundbogigen Öffnungen durchbrochen. An ihrer Nordseite schließt sich ein Treppenturm an.

Über der nördlichen Apsis erhebt sich der Glockenturm, dessen unteres romanisches Stockwerk auf allen vier Seiten von rundbogigen Zwillingsfenstern durchbrochen ist. Das Obergeschoss, das 1537 von Jean Guillot aufgebaut wurde, besitzt an den Ecken und zwischen den Klangarkaden Pilaster, die mit Volutenkapitellen und einem Dekor von Rauten und Blüten im Stil der Renaissance verziert sind.

Die gotische Marienkapelle an der Stelle der südlichen Apsis ist durch kräftige Strebepfeiler gegliedert. In den Zwischenräumen öffnen sich fünf spitzbogige Maßwerkfenster.

Die Westfassade, an der sich das Portal befindet, wurde 1551 fertiggestellt. Der vorstehende Mittelteil ist in zwei Stockwerke gegliedert und wird seitlich von Strebepfeilern eingefasst, denen auf beiden Ebenen Doppelsäulen vorgestellt sind. Diese stehen auf hohen Sockeln und entsprechen im Erdgeschoss der dorischen und in der zweiten Etage der ionischen Ordnung. Zwischen den beiden Geschossen verläuft ein Fries mit Triglyphen und Metopen, der sich auch seitlich fortsetzt. Die zweite Etage ist von einer großen, achtteiligen Rosette durchbrochen.

Im Erdgeschoss öffnet sich unter einem weiten Bogen der Portalvorbau. In den Zwickeln sind noch die Reste von Wappenkartuschen erhalten. Die Bogenlaibung ist als Kassettendecke im Stil der Renaissance gestaltet und mit Reliefs verziert. Auf der zentralen Kassette thront Gottvater, umgeben von den Evangelistensymbolen. Auf anderen Kassetten werden die Leidenswerkzeuge und ein Pelikan, Symbol des Opfertodes Jesu, dargestellt. Die unteren Kassetten enthalten Szenen aus dem Leben der beiden Schutzpatrone.

Innenraum
Das dreischiffige Langhaus ist in sechs Joche gegliedert. Das Mittelschiff wird wie die romanische Hauptapsis von einem Tonnengewölbe gedeckt. Die Gurtbögen des Gewölbes ruhen auf Pfeilern mit Säulenvorlagen, die mit korinthischen Kapitellen verziert sind. Die Kapitelle, auf denen der Triumphbogen aufliegt, sind mit figürlichen Szenen gestaltet.

Die nördliche Apsis besitzt ein sechsteiliges Kreuzrippengewölbe, das von schlanken Säulen mit Blattkapitellen getragen wird.

Die im Stil der Hochgotik errichtete Marienkapelle an der Südseite des Chores wird ebenfalls von einem Kreuzrippengewölbe gedeckt. Die Rippen des Gewölbes münden in Schlusssteine, von denen einer mit der Darstellung eines betenden Königs versehen ist.

Ausstattung

 Die Prozessionsfahne mit der Darstellung der beiden Schutzpatrone, des heiligen Cosmas und des heiligen Damian, erinnert an die Wallfahrt der Ärztekammer nach Luzarches zu den Reliquien der beiden Märtyrer, die bis zu ihrem Raub 1990 in der nördlichen Apsis aufbewahrt wurden.
 Das Chorgestühl wurde im 17. Jahrhundert für die Abtei Hérivaux geschaffen und nach deren Abbruch im 18. Jh. in der Kirche Saint-Côme-Saint-Damien eingebaut.
 Die Kanzel wurde 1708 von Claude Collin angefertigt. Ein Relief am Kanzelkorb stellt die Zwillingsbrüder Cosmas und Damian als Schutzpatrone der Ärzte und Apotheker dar.

Orgel
Die Orgel wurde 1985 von dem Orgelbaufirma Manufacture Languedocienne de Grandes Orgues Georges Danion erbaut, wobei das Pfeifenmaterial des Vorgängerinstruments wiederverwendet wurde, das aus dem 19. Jahrhundert stammt. Die Orgel hat 14 Register auf zwei Manualen und Pedal. Die Trakturen sind elektrisch.

Disposition

Literatur
 Dominique Foussard, Charles Huet, Mathieu Lours: Églises du Val-d'Oise. Pays de France, Vallée de Montmorency. Société d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de Gonesse et du Pays de France, 2. Auflage, Gonesse 2011, ISBN 978-2-9531554-2-6, S. 179–183.
 Le Patrimoine des Communes du Val-d'Oise. Flohic Éditions, Band 1, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-84234-056-6, S. 466–469.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Kirchengebäude im Département Val-d'Oise
Kirchengebäude im Bistum Pontoise
Bauwerk der Romanik in der Île-de-France
Erbaut im 11. Jahrhundert
Katholischer Wallfahrtsort in Frankreich
Cosmas-und-Damian-Kirche
Disposition einer Orgel
Monument historique (Kirche)
SaintComeSaintDamien
SaintComeSaintDamien
Monument historique seit 1912

St-Côme-St-Damien (Luzarches)


Hvideruslands håndboldforbund (, , forkortet BFH) er det officielle håndboldforbund i Hviderusland. Hvideruslands håndboldforbund har siden 1992 været medlem af internationale håndboldforbund (IHF). De er også medlem af det europæiske håndboldforbund (EHF). De bestyrer Hvideruslands håndboldlandshold og Hvideruslands kvindehåndboldlandshold

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger
 Hvideruslands håndboldforbund hos EHF
 Hvideruslands håndboldforbund hos the-sports.org

Håndboldforbund
Håndboldforbund
Minsk

Hvideruslands håndboldforbund


An Steinchisma decipiens in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck ngan Carl Bernhard von Trinius, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Walter Varian Brown. An Steinchisma decipiens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Steinchisma, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Steinchisma

Steinchisma decipiens


Maoripamborus fairburni es una especie de coleóptero adéfago de la familia Carabidae. Es el único miembro del género monotípico Maoripamborus.

Referencias

  1944: Descriptions of two new genera and species of New Zealand beetles, and notes on other described species. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 73: 262-266, plate 41. PDF
  1966: The larva of Pamborus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and its systematic position. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 35: 1-4.
  2002: The mandible of Maoripamborus: an indication of convergent evolution in Cychrini and Pamborini. In: ; ;  (eds.) How to protect or what we know about Carabid Beetles: From knowledge to application - from Wijster (1969) to Tuczno (2001). Warsaw Agricultural University Press, Poland. ISBN 83-7244-410-2 [not seen]
 ; ; ;  2005: Phylogeny and character evolution of endemic Australian carabid beetles of the genus Pamborus based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 36: 391–404.  PDF

Enlaces externos

 ION
 Nomenclator Zoologicus

Pamborini

Maoripamborus


Carnival é um filme de comédia estadunidense de 1935 dirigido por Walter Lang e estrelado por Jimmy Durante e Sally Eilers. O filme também inclui a participação de Lucille Ball em um pequeno papel não creditado como enfermeira.

Elenco
Lee Tracy como Chick Thompson
Sally Eilers como Dasiy
Jimmy Durante como Fingers
Florence Rice como Miss Holbrook
Thomas E. Jackson como Mac
Dickie Walters como Poochy (como John Richard Walters)
Lucille Ball ... enfermeira (sem créditos)

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1935
Filmes dirigidos por Walter Lang
Filmes de comédia dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de comédia romântica dos Estados Unidos
Filmes da Columbia Pictures

Carnival (1935)


La tierra nos convida / Chile nuevo es un sencillo del folclorista y cantautor chileno Héctor Pavez, lanzado en 1971 por el sello Tierra Tierra y distribuido por DICAP.

Los temas del sencillo fueron seleccionados por el Departamento de Teatro y Folklore del Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario (INDAP) en la época de la Unidad Popular.

Lista de canciones

Créditos
 Jorge Lillo V.: diseño gráfico.

Referencias

Sencillos de 1971
Sencillos de Discoteca del Cantar Popular

La tierra nos convida / Chile nuevo


Bellaria (ital.: schöne, angenehme Luft) war im 18. Jahrhundert ein beliebter Name für repräsentative Architektur. Konkret steht der Name für Folgendes:

 Bellaria, einen Anbau der Wiener Hofburg
 Bellariastraße, eine Straße in Wien
 Bellaria-Kino, ein Kino in Wien
 Bellaria, eine Station im Verkehrsverbund Ost-Region (offizieller Name: Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring, verbunden mit der U-Bahn-Station Volkstheater)
 Bellaria – So lange wir leben!, einen Film von Douglas Wolfsperger
 Bellaria-Igea Marina, einen Ort an der italienischen Adriaküste zwischen Igea Marina und Gatteo a Mare.

Bellaria (Begriffsklärung)


بَلَدِيَّةُ بَنِي مَالِكٍ أو بني مليح  هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة لقنت. جنوب شرق إسبانيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها 389 نسمة.

مراجع

أماكن ذات اسم عربي الأصل في شبه الجزيرة الإيبيرية
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة لقنت
بلديات لقنت
بلديات مقاطعة بلنسية

بني مالك (لقنت)


Marienleuchte er en bebyggelse i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende på østersø-øen Femern. Bebyggelsen ligger på den nordøstlige kyst af Femern og de nærmeste byer er Puttgarden mod vest og Presen mod syd. Marienleuchte kan nåes fra Puttgarten via landevej og fra Presen via en smal vej langs kysten, som kan benyttes af gående og cyklister. Bebyggelsen er opkaldt efter Dronning Marie af Danmark.

Marienleuchte består af en samling feriehuse der udlejes til turister samt en militærinstallation fra den kolde krig, der stadig benyttes af Deutsche Marine. Installationen er benævnt Marineküstenstation Marienleuchte og har til opgave at overvåge skibstrafikken i Femern Bæltet.

Ved bebyggelsen findes to fyrtårne, hvoraf det ene fyr stadig er i brug og det andet er fredet.

Eksterne henvisninger

Femern
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Østholsten

Marienleuchte


Irina Dîmnikova (n. 21 mai 1943, Habarovsk, URSS) - este un fizician relativist sovieto-polon.

Biografie
Este născută Timofeeva. A absolvit școala cu medalie de aur. A absolvit cu onor Universitatea din Leningrad (1966). A fost membru ULCT între anii 1957-1971. Este discipol a profesorului Erast Gliner.  Doctor în filozofie (fizică și matematică) la Universitatea din Tartu. Dr. Hab. în fizica teoretică la Universitatea din Varșovia (1992). Cercetătoare la Institutul fizico-tehnic în numele lui A.F. Ioffe din Sankt Petersburg(1966-1988). Adjunct la Centrul astronomic în numele lui Nicolaus Copernicus al Universității din Varșovia (1988-1996). Lector la Williams College,  Williamstown, Massachusetts, 1992. Profesor la Universitatea Warmia and Mazury (Olsztyn), Polonia , din (1996).

Publicații
A publicat circa 110 de articole în domeniul fizicii gărilor negre, a gravitației și astrofizicii.

Alte informații
Are doi copii: Pavel și Maria

Discipoli
 Mihail Filcenkov
 Evghenii Galaktionov
 Anna Dobosz
 Bożena Sołtysek

Distincții
 Membru al societății Internaționale de Relativitate generală și gravitație
 Premiul Societății de gravitație din Rusia (1991)
 Mențiunea de onoare a societății Internaționale de Relativitate generală și gravitație (2001), (2003)

Fizicieni sovietici
Fizicieni polonezi
Nașteri pe 21 mai
Nașteri în 1943

Irina Dîmnikova


An Pelexia ecuadorensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Pelexia ecuadorensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pelexia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ecuador. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pelexia

Pelexia ecuadorensis


Sonsuzluk, her ne kadar popüler düşüncede bitmeyen, zamansız ve zamanla tanımlansa da; birçok kişiye göre zamanın dışında bir zamansızlık varoluşu olarak tanımlanmıştır. Birçok sonsuzluk tanımı mevcuttur, bunlardan en belirgin olanı Aristo'nun maddenin, hareketin ve zamanın sonsuza dek varolduğunu önermesidir. Sonsuzluk, bir bakımdan ise sonu olmayan demektir.

Bazı felsefeciler, sonsuz çeşit sonsuzluk olduğunu ileri sürmüşlerdir. Sonsuzluk biçimleri zamansal, mekânsal, sayısal olarak en fazla tanımlanan sonsuzluk çeşitleri arasında kabul edilir.

Dış bağlantılar

Sonsuzluk


Shimbiris es el pico más alto de Somalia. Se encuentra a una altitud de 2.460 metros (8.071 pies) sobre el nivel del mar. Se encuentra ubicado en la cordillera de Cal Madow en el norte de Somalia, en la región de Sanaag. Algunos datos muestran que su elevación a menudo citada de 2.410 m es un poco baja.

Véase también
 Geografía de África
 Geografía de Somalia

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Información sobre la montaña

Montañas de Somalia
Montañas de Somalilandia
Puntos más altos de los países de África

Shimbiris


Chris Royal er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2012, der er instrueret af Stine Monrad.

Handling

Chris Christophersen er besat af kongefamilien. Siden Chris Christophersen var 12 år, har han fulgt den kongelige familie rundt om i landet, hvor han lokkede både forældre og bedste forældre til at køre ham landet rundt, for at få synet af den kongelige familie. Flere af medlemmer af den kongelige familie har ofte tænkt, hvem i alverden er det ? (hvilket blandt andet nævnes i filmen) hvor Thomas Schmidt, gemal til tidligere komtesse Josephine af Rosenborg tænkte "Hvem fanden er det, hvem fanden er den idiot?" Og der stod Chris på sine tær og råbte hen til os på den røde løber, som Josephine af Rosenborg nævner i samme film. Chris Christophersen er den dag i dag en fotograf, der formår at fuldføre sine mål, og man kan i dag se hans billeder i både aviser, magasiner og bøger.

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2012

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Chris Royal


MGM-52 Lance, seyyar, depolanabilir, sıvı yakıtlı, nükleer ve nükleer olmayan kabiliyetlere sahip; kara birliklerini uzun menzilli atışlarla desteklemek üzere tasarlanmış karadan havaya atılan güdümlü bir füze.

Dış bağlantılar
 Redstone Arsenal History - Lance
 Globalsecurity.org - MGM-52 Lance

Kısa menzilli balistik füze

MGM-52 Lance