Prestij (İngilizce özgün adıyla The Prestige), yönetmenliğini Christopher Nolan'ın yaptığı 2006 ABD-Birleşik Krallık ortak yapımı film. Yazar Christopher Priest'in aynı adlı romanından sinemaya uyarlanmıştır. Nolan'a, senaryo yazımında 2000 yılında Akıl Defteri (Memento) filminde de birlikte çalıştığı kardeşi Jonathan Nolan eşlik etmiştir.

Önceleri birlikte çalışan iki sihirbazın daha sonra rekabete ve hatta düşmanlığa dönüşen öyküsünün anlatıldığı filmin konusu, 19. yüzyılın İngiltere'sinde Viktorya Dönemi olarak anılan zaman diliminde geçer. Filmin yapımında yönetmen Nolan'nın yanı sıra, Aaron Ryder ve eşi Emma Thomas görev almıştır.

Başlıca rollerde; Hugh Jackman, Christian Bale, Michael Caine, Scarlett Johansson, David Bowie'nin yer aldıkları film iki dalda 79. Akademi Ödülleri'ne aday olmuş fakat ödül alamamıştır.

Film üzerine
Film Christopher Priest'in Londra'da 19. yüzyıl sonlarında yaşayan iki sihirbazın öyküsünü anlattığı 1995 yılında yayımlanan, aynı adlı romanından sinemaya uyarlanmıştır. Roman sihirbazlığı; vaat, dönüm noktası ve prestij olmak üzere üç evrede ele alır:
Vaat, sihirbazın yapacağını vadettiği sihrin sunumu.
Dönüm noktası; Nesnelerin tanıtımı, gerekli hazırlık, seyircinin heyecanlı bekleyişi.
Sihirbazlığın en üst noktası prestij; vaadedilen sihrin gerçekleştiği an, şaşkın ve hayran bakışlarla seyircinin alkışlaması.
Roman ve dolayısıyla aynı adlı romandan uyarlanan film, adını aslında sihirbazlık sanatı ile bir ilgisi olmayan bu üç evreden, sihirbazlığın en üst mertebesine vurgu ile prestijden alır.
Prestij bir dönem filmi olmasına rağmen konusunun geçtiği Viktorya döneminin kültürel yapısı ile ilgili detayları bünyesinde barındırmaz. Film ekibinin bilinçli tercihi olan bu durumu yönetmen Christopher Nolan şu şekilde açıklar:
- Viktorya dönemi sanayide bir devrim, bilimsel gelişmelerde bir dönüm olarak bilinse de genelde sıkıcı bir zaman olarak gösterilmektedir. Elektriğin bulunuşu, sinemanın icadı, afişli reklamcılığın başlangıcı ve birçok yenilik bu döneme denk gelir. Dönemin detaylarından çok ana hikâyedeki duyguyu yakalamaya çalıştık...

Yönetmen Nolan'ın son dört filminde birlikte çalıştığı görüntü yönetmeni Wally Pfister dönemin duygusunu görüntüde hissettirmek için bilgisayara aktarılan filmin renk ayarlarını düzenlemek yerine klasik bir yöntemle, sahneleri çeşitli ışık derecelerine maruz bırakmış. Çekim öncesi film ekibi ve ana karakter iki sihirbazı canlandıran oyuncular sihirbazlar üzerine uzun araştırmalar yapmışlar. Hugh Jackman ve Christian Bale konu ile ilgili kendilerine yöneltilen birçok soruya ortak cevap niteliğinde şunu söyler:
- Sahnede sihirbazlık yapmak zorunda değildik. Daha çok sihirbazların iç dünyasını anlamaya çalıştık. Sahnede neler hissettiğini ve nasıl çalıştıklarını inceledik. Filmde olduğu gibi geçmişte de sihirbazların rekabet içinde oldukları, genelde yalnız çalıştıklarını ve bilindiği üzere en büyük numaralarını kesinlikle açıklamadıklarını, bizi biraz üzse de bir kez daha öğrenmiş olduk.

Sihirbaz Alfred Borden'i canlandıran Christian Bale'in dedesi de bir sihirbazmış fakat, kendisini hiç görmediği için rolüne pek faydası olmamış. Filmin yapımcıları, seyirci illüzyonu canlı izlediğinde ekrandaki seyirden farklı olarak gözünün boyandığını pek hissetmediğini, aksine sihrin nasıl yapıldığını düşünerek bir yandan da hoş vakit geçirdiğini, dolayısıyla yapımcıların bu tür film yapmayı pek tercih etmediğini söyler.

Senaryoyu hazırlamak için iki yıla yakın bir süre çalıştığını söyleyen Jonathan Nolan, romanın sihir dünyasındaki yolculuğunu sinemaya taşırken sadık bir çizgide renklendirdiğini, zaten sinemacılarla sihirbazların ortak yönünün izleyiciyi şaşırtmak, beklenmedik sürprizlere hazırlamak olduğunu, bu zorluğu bir nebzede aştıklarını vurgular. Nolan, bu filmden kısa bir süre önce gösterime giren ve yine yakın bir temanın işlendiği The Illusionist (Sihirbaz) filminden sonra Prestije olan ilginin nasıl olabileceği yönünde endişe taşıdığını, senaryonun bitiminde ise böyle bir filmin yapılmamış olacağını düşündüğünü ve akabinde bunu gerçekleştirdiklerini iddialı bir şekilde dile getirir.

Prestij romandaki ana temaya sadık, kimi zaman hikâye yapısına uzak, karmaşık bir anlatım tarzı ile konuya odaklı bir süreç takip eder. İnsan algısını zorlamayı da hedef aldığı düşünülen ve titiz bir çalışma ürünü olarak görülen filmin önemli sahneleri (Oyuncu bakış açısı) omuz üstü kameraları ile çekilmiştir.

Prestij'''de ilginç bulunan başka bir vurgu, ana karakterlerin kahraman/antikahraman olarak gel-git yapması, dolayısıyla seyircinin kendisini hangi tarafta bulacağını bilemez durumda filmi izlemesi ve finalin ardından yapacağı sentezlerdir. Bu, filmin en önemli özelliği olarak nitelendirilebilir. Bunun cevabı filmin finalinde verilmiş olsa da, en temel soru cevapsız bırakılmıştır. Asıl soru, rekabetin kontrolden çıkmasına neden olan kazadır ki bunun cevabını sebep olan kişi de bilmemektedir. Filmde, ön tartışma kazaya uğrayacak kişinin buna neden olan davranışı onaylaması olarak verilir. Özde kötü niyete dayanmayan ve sorun çıkarmayacağına inanılan bir davranış sonucunda oluşan ölüm, geride kalan ve bu sonuçtan duygusal olarak en çok zarar gören kişi tarafından daha da sorgulanır. Tercih bunu seyirciye bırakır ki cevap da buradadır.

İkinci bir problem yine olana inanmakta zorlanan kişiye dayanır ki basit bir sihrin cevabını kabullenmez.Prestij filminde dikkati çeken, seyircinin aklını ve algısını zorlayan ve açıklanması zor pek çok sahne vardır. Belki de asıl mesaj Nikola Tesla 'nın idealist ve bilimi zenginlerin,sanayi patronlarının değil insanlığın hizmetine ve eşitce sunma çabalarıdır. Bu çabaları çok sert, her türlü baskı ve manipülasyon ile bastırmaya çalışan Thomas Edison'un hikâyesidir.

 Konu
Film, 19. yüzyılda hızla değişmekte olan Londra'da başlar. Sihirbazların ileri derecede saygı duyulan ve gizemli kişiler olarak kabul edildikleri bu dönemde, Genç sihirbazlar olan Robert Angier (Hugh Jackman) ve Alfred Borden (Christian Bale) şöhret olma yolundadırlar. Angier'in eşi Julia (Piper Perabo) yaptıkları bir gösteri sırasında kaza sonucu ölünce, Angier olaydan Borden'i sorumlu tutar. Bu olay iki sihirbazın arasında ömür boyu sürecek olan düşmanlık ve rekabetin başlangıcı olur.

 Oyuncular

Ana karakterler olan iki sihirbazdan Alfred Borden'i, yönetmen Christopher Nolan'ın 2005 yılı yapımı Batman Begins (Batman Başlıyor) filminde de rol vermiş olduğu oyuncu Christian Bale;
sihirbaz Robert Angier'i, X-Men filminde rol alan oyuncu Hugh Jackman;
sihirbazlardan Alfred Borden'in eşi Sarah Borden'i Rebecca Hall;
Robert Angier'ın eşi Julia McCullough'u Piper Perabo;
Angier'in sahne yardımcısı Olivia Wenscombe'u, inci küpeli kız (girl with a pearl earring) filmindeki rolüyle Altın Küre adayı, Bir Konuşabilse (Lost in Translation) filmiyle Bafta ödüllü ve (İngiliz akademi film ödülleri) alan oyuncu Scarlett Johansson oynamışladır.

Angier'in baş yardımcısı eski sihirbaz Harry Cutter rolünde, yönetmenin Batman Begins filminde de rol verdiği ünlü oyuncu Michael Caine yere almıştır.
Kadronun en büyük sürprizi olarak nitelendirilen isim ise, sihirbaz Angier'ın bir sihrine yardımda bulunacak olan Sırp asıllı ünlü bilim adamı Nikola Tesla'yı canlandıran İngiliz müzisyen David Bowie olmuştur. Filmde Tesla'nın asistanı Mr. Alley'i Andy Serkis canlandırmıştır. Ayrıca senarist Jonathan Nolan'da küçük bir rol ile filmde görünmüştür.

 Hugh Jackman (Sungun Babacan) - Robert Angier , Gerald Root Christian Bale (Murat Şen) - Alfred Borden , Falton Borden Michael Caine (Levent Dönmez) - Harry Cutter Scarlett Johansson (Hümay Güldağ) - Olivia Wenscombe Piper Perabo (Pınar Erengil) - Julia McCullough Rebecca Hall (Oya Prosçilee) - Sarah Borden David Bowie (Selçuk Kıpçak) - Nikola Tesla Andy Serkis (Atilla Şendil) - Mr. Alley Ricky Jay - Milton''

Aday olduğu ödüller
79. Akademi Ödülleri
 En İyi Görüntü - Wally Pfister
 En İyi sanat Yönetmeni - Kevin Kavanaugh

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Nikola Tesla hakkındaki kültürel tasvirler

Prestij


An Festuca quadridentata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Sigismund Kunth. An Festuca quadridentata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Festuca, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Festuca

Festuca quadridentata


Á Íslandi eru laun og starfskjör embættismanna, ráðamanna og alþingismanna ákveðin í lögum, reglugerðum, kjarasamningum og starfsskilmálum. Laun eru háð mismunandi þáttum, sem innifela grunntímakaup, launaflokka, launastig og aðrar launaþætti. Starfskjör eru m.a. skilgreind með vinnutíma, fríi, veikindabótum og innstæðum í lífeyrissjóð. Laun og starfskjör hafa breyst yfir tímann í takt við efnahagsþróun, nýja kjarasamninga og stjórnmálalegar ákvarðanir.

Skilgreiningar á hugtökum

Laun og starfskjör embættismanna
Embættismenn eru sérstaklega útnefndir starfsmenn ríkisins sem eru skipaðir í embætti af ráðherra eða forseta Íslands. Þeir gegna oftast mikilvægum og ábyrgum hlutverkum í stjórnsýslu ríkisins. Dæmi um embættismenn eru dómarar, sýslumenn, ríkissaksóknarar, ríkisendurskoðendur og forstöðumenn ríkisstofnana. Laun eru reiknuð út frá grunntímakaupi, launaflokki, launastigi og öðrum þáttum sem hafa áhrif á launin.

Starfskjörin felast m.a. í vinnutíma, orlofi, veikindabótum og lífeyrissjóði.
Laun embættismanna eru mismunandi eftir embætti, menntun, reynslu og ábyrgð. Sumir embættismenn fá laun samkvæmt sérákvæðum í lögum, svo sem forseti Íslands, ráðherrar og alþingismenn. Einnig eru til sérstakir samningar um launasetningu sumra embættismanna, svo sem dómarar og ríkisendurskoðendur.
Laun embættismanna eru birt á vef Stjórnarráðsins í sundurliðuðum töflum sem sýna heildarlaun sem gilda frá 1. júlí 2022. Launin taka breytingum 1. júlí ár hvert eftir hlutfallslegri breytingu á meðaltali reglulegra launa starfsmanna ríkisins fyrir næstliðið almanaksár.

Tafla sem sýnir laun mismunandi embættismanna yfir árin

Laun og starfskjör sérstakir embættismenn
Sérstakir embættismenn eru þeir sem starfa í ríkisþjónustu en eru ekki háðir beinum stjórnun frá ríkisstjórninni. Þeir eru skipaðir í starfið af Alþingi eða forseta landsins, en ekki af neinum ráðherra . Þeir hafa sjálfstæða stöðu og geta ekki verið fluttir eða sagt upp nema skv. lögum. Þeir hafa sérstakar skyldur og réttindi sem eru ákveðin í lögum. Til dæmis eru Seðlabankastjóri, Orkumálastjóri, forstjóri Samgöngustofu og forstjóri Umhverfisstofnunar sérstakir embættismenn.

Tafla sem sýnir mismunandi sérstakir embættismenn og launin sem þeir fá

Laun og starfskjör ráðamanna
Ráðamenn eru þeir sem eru skipaðir í ráðherraembætti af forseta Íslands eftir tillögu forsætisráðherra. Ráðamenn eru ábyrgir fyrir stjórnsýslu ráðuneyta og annarra ríkisstofnana sem falla undir þeirra umsjón. Ráðamenn eru einnig meðlimir stjórnarráðsins og taka þátt í stjórnmálalegri ákvörðunartöku.

Laun ráðamanna voru ákveðin af kjararáði samkvæmt lögum nr. 47/2006, um kjararáð, sem voru brottfellt með lögum nr. 79/2019, um breytingu á ýmsum lögum vegna brottfalls laga um kjararáð.

Kjararáð var óháð nefnd sem úrskurðar um laun og starfskjör þjóðkjörinna manna, dómara, ráðherra, ráðuneytisstjóra og skrifstofustjóra í Stjórnarráði Íslands, forstöðumanna ríkisstofnana og annarra ríkisstarfsmanna sem ekki geta ráðist með samningum á venjulegan hátt vegna eðlis starfanna eða samningsstöðu.

Laun ráðamanna eru nú reiknuð út frá grunnlaunum og einingum. Grunnlaun eru föst laun fyrir dagvinnu í samræmi við grunnmat starfs viðkomandi ráðherra. Einingar eru önnur laun sem starfinu fylgja, svo sem bónusar, staðaruppbætur og starfskostnaður. Laun ráðamanna eru birt á heimasíðu fjármála- og efnahagsráðuneytisins fjarmalaraduneyti.is.

Laun og starfskjör ráðamanna hafa breyst yfir tímann eftir efnahagsþróun, kjarasamningum og stjórnmálalegum ákvarðanum.

  :  :  :

Ráðamenn sem eru skipaðir af Hæstarétti

Lög nr. 79 27. júní 2019.

Ráðamenn sem eru skipaðir af ráðherra

Lög nr. 79 27. júní 2019.

Kjörnir fulltrúar: Laun og starfskjör
Tafla sýnir hvernig laun forseta Íslands hafa hækkað árin 2020-2023
Tafla sýnir hvernig laun þingmanna hafa hækkað árin 2020-2023.

Aðrar greiðslur
Tafla sýnir mismunandi greiðslur til þingmanns í ágúst 2022.

Hvernig eru launin reiknuð?

Laun embættismanna, ráðamanna og kjörinna fulltrúa á Íslandi eru ákveðin með mismunandi hætti eftir stöðu þeirra. Hér er yfirlit yfir helstu aðferðir við launaákvarðanir:

 Laun forseta Íslands eru ákveðin í lögum um laun forseta Íslands, nr. 10/1990, með síðari breytingum. Launin eru reiknuð út frá meðaltali reglulegra launa starfsmanna ríkisins, sem Hagstofa Íslands birtir fyrir 1. júní á hverju ári. Launin taka breytingum 1. júlí ár hvert, en ráðherra sem fer með starfsmannamál ríkisins getur ákveðið að launin hækki hlutfallslega 1. janúar til samræmis við áætlaða breytingu á meðaltali reglulegra launa starfsmanna ríkisins.
 Laun forsætisráðherra og annarra ráðherra eru ákveðin í lögum um Stjórnarráð Íslands, nr. 115/2011, með síðari breytingum. Launin eru reiknuð út frá meðaltali reglulegra launa starfsmanna ríkisins, sem Hagstofa Íslands birtir fyrir 1. júní á hverju ári. Launin taka breytingum 1. júlí ár hvert, en ráðherra sem fer með starfsmannamál ríkisins getur ákveðið að launin hækki hlutfallslega 1. janúar til samræmis við áætlaða breytingu á meðaltali reglulegra launa starfsmanna ríkisins.
 Laun alþingismanna og forseta Alþingis eru ákveðin í lögum um þingfararkaup alþingismanna og þingfararkostnað, nr. 88/1995, með síðari breytingum. Launin eru reiknuð út frá meðaltali reglulegra launa starfsmanna ríkisins, sem Hagstofa Íslands birtir fyrir 1. júní á hverju ári. Launin taka breytingum 1. júlí ár hvert, en ráðherra sem fer með starfsmannamál ríkisins getur ákveðið að launin hækki hlutfallslega 1. janúar til samræmis við áætlaða breytingu á meðaltali reglulegra launa starfsmanna ríkisins.
 Laun dómara eru ákveðin í lögum um dómstóla, nr. 15/1998, með síðari breytingum. Launin eru reiknuð út frá meðaltali reglulegra launa starfsmanna ríkisins, sem Hagstofa Íslands birtir fyrir 1. júní á hverju ári. Launin taka breytingum 1. júlí ár hvert, en ráðherra sem fer með starfsmannamál ríkisins getur ákveðið að launin hækki hlutfallslega 1. janúar til samræmis við áætlaða breytingu á meðaltali reglulegra launa starfsmanna ríkisins.
 Laun æðstu embættismanna ríkisins eru ákveðin í lögum um réttindi og skyldur starfsmanna ríkisins, nr. 70/1996, með síðari breytingum. Launin eru reiknuð út frá meðaltali reglulegra launa starfsmanna ríkisins, sem Hagstofa Íslands birtir fyrir 1. júní á hverju ári. Launin taka breytingum 1. júlí ár hvert, en ráðherra sem fer með starfsmannamál ríkisins getur ákveðið að launin hækki hlutfallslega 1. janúar til samræmis við áætlaða breytingu á meðaltali reglulegra launa starfsmanna ríkisins.

Tilvísanir

Ríkisstofnanir

Laun og starfskjör embættismanna, ráðamanna og kjörinna fulltrúa á Íslandi


Pokolj nevine dječice je slavna slika Petera Paula Rubensa koja prikazuje motiv "Pokolj nevine dječice Betlehema" (Mt 2,16), a koju je umjetnik naslikao dva puta. Prvu je naslikao u Antwerpenu 1611. godine, po povratku s osmogodišnjeg puta po Italiji, a druga, naslikana kasnije, oko 1638., nalazi se u pinakoteci (Alte Pinakothek) u Münchenu od 1706. god.

Povijest

Koncem 17. stoljeća prva slika je postala dijelom Liechtensteinske kolekcije u Beču, iz koje ju je kupio Ivan Adam I., knez Lihtenštajna, oko 1700. godine. Slika je visila u kolekciji obitelji Liechtenstein do 1815. godine kada je jedan crtež zabilježio na izložbi u Vrtnoj palači u Beču. Sliku je 1767. godine Vincenzio Fanti pogrešno atribuirao Franciscusu de Neveu II., a kasnije je atribuirana 1780. Rubensovom učeniku, Janu van den Hoeckeu. Kao takva, prodana je jednoj austrijskoj obitelji 1920., koja ju je posudila opatiji Reichersberg u sjevernoj Austriji.

God. 2001., sliku je u opatiji vidio George Gordon, stručnjak za flamansko slikarstvo, koji ju je pripisao Rubensu zbog njezine sličnosti sa slikom Samson i Dalila koja je također naslikana po povratku Rubensa iz Italije. Slika je ponuđena aukcijskoj kući Sotheby's u Londonu koja ju je prodala 10. lipnja 2002. kanadskom biznismenu Kennethu Thomsonu za 49,5 milijuna £ (117 milijuna $), čime je dospjela na popis najskupljih slika na svijetu.

Nakon toga je jedno vrijeme bila posuđena Nacionalnoj galeriji u Londonu, a od 2008. godine je poklonjena Umjentičkoj galeriji Ontarija u Torontu.

Odlike

Obje slike su naslikane snažnim bojama i pod utjecajem baroknog slikara Caravaggia od kojega je Rubens preuzeo snažan kjaroskuro i emotivnu dramatičnost prikaza.

Svaki naslikani detalj slike odražava sjaj oblika i materijala, a tema je preplet biblijske teme i aktualne političke situacije – najava Tridesetogodišnjeg rata. Naime, u Rubensovom rodnom gradu Antwerpenu 1609. godine je stradalo preko 8.000 građana u vjerskom sukobu protestanata kalvinista i katolika koje su podržala španjolska vojska. Tako je u Haarlemu (Nizozemska), samo stotinjak kilometara sjevernije, protestantski vođa pobunjenika, princ Mauritz, naručio od slikara Cornelisa van Haarlema sliku s ovom tematikom za gradsku vijećnicu. Slika je trebala biti propagandnim djelom koje prikazuje španjolski pokolj Holanđana, no Rubens je naslikao istu temu s ciljem prikaza protestantskog pokolja katolika.

Poveznice
Barokno slikarstvo

Izvori

Slike Petera Paula Rubensa
Alte Pinakothek
Slike iz 1630-ih

Pokolj nevine dječice (Rubens)


Obrambeni plan Maestral naziv je za obrambene pripreme Južnoga bojišta Hrvatske vojske u sklopu operacije Oluja.

Cilj je bio osigurati da glavninu hrvatskih snaga ne uznemiravaju Vojska Jugoslavije i dio Vojske Republike Srpske. Obrambena zadaća Zbornoga područja Osijek zvala se Fenix.

Izvori

 Središnji arhiv MORH-Zagreb
 Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog rata
 "Križevci u Domovinskom ratu 1991. – 1995.", Božidar Štubelj, Vlado Kolić, Željko Topolovec, Mate Babić, Đuro Škvorc, Antun Radmanić, Stevo Mladenović
http://domovinskirat.xtreemhost.com/index.php/operacije Web stranica Domovinski rat, suradnik Vlado Radotović
https://www.krizevci.info/krizevacka-15-potrbr-u-vojno-redarstvenoj-operaciji-oluja/

Domovinski rat

Obrambeni plan Maestral


Ultimul om din Atlantida () este un roman științifico-fantastic de aventuri scris de Aleksandr Beleaev. Romanul a fost publicat pentru prima data in 1925 în revista Vokrug sveta (nr. 5-8).

Prezentare

Bancherul din New York, Henry Solly organizează o expediția pentru a descoperi Atlantida. După cinci ani de căutări, reușește s-o identifice la 3 km. adâncime și să îi dezvăluie comorile (temple, statui, arme, piramide și un număr mare de cărți din bronz). Pe baza acestor descoperiri, profesorul Larison reface istoria Atlantidei, descrie capitala acesteia, Poseidonis, conflictele dintre preoți și sclavi ce s-au răsculat chiar în momentul în care Atlantida a fost distrusă de un vulcan.

Romanul este compus din două părți. Evenimentele din prima parte (primele 4 capitole), care descriu descoperirea Atlantidei, au loc în timpul nostru. Cea de-a doua parte (ultimele 20 de capitole) este un manuscris despre Atlantida al profesorului Larison, găsit după moartea sa, în care descrie viața cotidiană a Atlantidei și dispariția sa.

Ecranizări
 Ultimul om din Atlantida (2015)

Traduceri în limba română
 Ultimul om din Atlantida (1926), traducere de A. Țimpău și I. Andreescu. Publicat în Aleksandr Beleaev - Stăpânul lumii, Opere alese III, Editura Tineretului, București, 1964.

Note

Legături externe

Romane din 1925
Romane științifico-fantastice
Romane rusești
Romane sovietice
Romane de Aleksandr Beleaev
1925 în științifico-fantastic

Ultimul om din Atlantida


Dijecezanski kler ili dijecezansko svećenstvo pojam je kojim se u kršćanstvu označavaju đakoni i svećenici koji nisu monasi ili na neki drugi način članovi posvećenog života. Takav svećenik se obvezuje na određeno zemljopisno područje i zaređen je u službu vjernika određene biskupije. To uključuje služenje svakodnevnim potrebama ljudi u župama, ali njihovo djelovanje nije ograničeno na ono u njihovoj župi.

Sveti Toma Becket zaštitnik je svjetovnog klera. Sveti Ivan Vianney zaštitnik je župnika. Sveti Stjepan je zaštitnik đakona.

Kršćanstvo

Dijecezanski kler


er en type mekanisk spil, der stammer fra Japan, og det bruges både som rekreativt arkadespil og oftere som gambling, der udfylder en japansk gamblingniche, der svarer til den som spillemaskiner udfylder i Vestens gambling.

Pachinko-spillehaller er udbredte i Japan, og de har normalt et antal maskiner (kaldet pachislo eller pachislo-spillemaskiner); og disse spillehaller fungerer derfor lidt ligesom casinoer. Moderne pachinko-maskiner kan tilpasses efter behov, hvilket holder entusiaster løbende underholdt.

Spil om penge er ulovligt i Japan. Pachinko-kugler vundet i spillet kan indkasseres for penge i spillehallerne. Kuglerne må ikke fjernes fra disse spillehaller, og de er indgraveret med mønstre, der kan afsløre, hvilken spillehal de stammer fra. Kugler der bliver vundet i spillehallerne kan byttes til præmier eller poletter, der igen kan blive byttet til kontanter i separate stande. Kontant-stand kan tjene flere forskellige spillehaller, og de får typisk en procentdel af præmiens værdi, når den bliver indkasseret.

I 1994 havde pachinkomarkedet i Japan en værdi på i omegnen af ¥ 30 bio. (næsten $300 mia.). I 2015 genererede Japans pachinko-marked en større omsætning end gambling-omsætningen i Las Vegas, Macau og Singapore tilsammen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 History of Pachinko
 Manual for Modern Pachinko Machines
 Pachinko and Japanese Pop Culture

Gambling
Maskiner
Kultur i Japan

Pachinko


Hero City (, Łacinka: horad-hieroj; ; ) is a Soviet honorary title awarded for outstanding heroism during World War II (the Eastern Front is known in most countries of the former Soviet Union as the Great Patriotic War). It was awarded to twelve cities of the Soviet Union, today located in Belarus (1 city and 1 fortress), Russia (6 cities), and Ukraine (4 cities). Brest Fortress in Belarus was awarded the equivalent title of Hero Fortress. This symbolic distinction for a city corresponds to the individual distinction Hero of the Soviet Union.

According to the statute, the hero city was issued the Order of Lenin, the Gold Star medal, and the certificate of the heroic deed (gramota or hramota) from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Also, the corresponding obelisk was installed in the city.

History
The usage of the term "hero city" is dated to articles in Pravda as early as in 1942. The first official usage of the title is dated by May 1, 1945, when Joseph Stalin issued his Supreme Commander Order No. 20 commanding to fire salutes in "hero cities Leningrad, Stalingrad, Sevastopol, and Odessa."

On June 22, 1961 (the 20th anniversary of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War) the term "Hero City" was applied to Kiev in the ukases that awarded Kiev the Order of Lenin and introduced the Medal "For the Defence of Kiev".

The statute of the title was officially introduced on May 8, 1965, by the ukase of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of USSR, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The same day ukases were issued about awarding the cities mentioned above: Leningrad (Saint Petersburg), Volgograd (former Stalingrad), Kiev, Sevastopol, and Odessa. Additionally, Moscow was declared Hero City and Brest declared Hero Fortress.

Subsequent awards were issued as follows:
September 14, 1973: Kerch and Novorossiysk.
June 26, 1974: Minsk
December 7, 1976: Tula
May 6, 1985: Murmansk and Smolensk

In 1988 the issuance of the award was officially discontinued.

Suggestions for expanding the list
The suggestion was first proposed by the Azerbaijani ambassador to Russia Polad Bülbüloğlu in an interview in February 2015. In the interview, he said that Baku getting the status of Hero City "would be quite fair" and that it "would be a respect to the people who lost their lives working day and night" along with being an "important socio-political act". In an interview with Vestnik Kavkaza,  historian Efim Pivovar recommended that the Russian Federation not assign the city this title and instead support an initiative through the Commonwealth of Independent States to award Baku, as well as cities like Tashkent, with this title. In January 2020, Russian Deputy Dmitry Savelyev became one of the first sitting members of parliament to publicly support this.

Hero Cities list

Brest Fortress

The fortress in Brest, Belarus was awarded the title Hero Fortress in 1965. It was located right on the recently established border between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany drawn in the secret appendix to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. As such, the fortress had little warning when the Axis invaded on June 22, 1941, and became the site of the first major fighting between Soviet frontier guards and the invading German forces of Army Group Centre.

German artillery heavily shelled the fortress; the subsequent attempt to quickly take it with infantry failed, however, and the Germans started a lengthy siege. The Brest garrison, although cut off from reinforcements and having run out of food, water and ammunition, fought and counter-attacked until the very last minute. The Germans deployed tanks, tear gas and flame throwers. After the Germans had taken most of the ruined fortifications, taking heavy casualties, fighting continued underground.

The fighting ended only on June 29. The actual front had by then already moved hundreds of kilometres further east. Even after the fortress was officially taken, the few surviving defenders continued to hide in the basements and to harass the Germans for several months.

Leningrad

The city of Leningrad, now known as Saint Petersburg, saw what is regarded as one of the greatest human tragedies of the entire war. Leningrad, one of the cities with a large amount of classical and baroque architecture on the Baltic Sea, was a city with a pre-war population of three million inhabitants. By August 1941, the Germans had reached the city's southern outskirts. Finnish forces had meanwhile recaptured the Karelian Isthmus northwest of the city, which they had lost after the Winter War in 1940.

The city was completely cut off from all land access on September 8, 1941. As the Gulf of Finland was blocked as well, Leningrad's only contact with the outer world was a vulnerable waterway across Lake Ladoga (Road of Life), as Finnish command didn't agree to German requests to advance beyond the River Svir and to conquer the rest of the Lake's coastline. Since taking the city seemed too costly to the Germans, in the light of bitter Soviet resistance, they instead began the Siege of Leningrad to starve the city to death. Soon, electricity, water and heating for civilian housing had to be shut down. All public transportation stopped in 1941–42 winter, but in 1942 city tramcars were relaunched (trolleys and buses were inoperable until the end of the war).

Thousands of Leningrad citizens froze or starved to death in the first winter of the siege alone, dying at home in their beds or collapsing from exhaustion in the streets. Meanwhile, German artillery continued to bombard the city. Although the siege lasted for 872 days, the city did not surrender.   When Lake Ladoga froze in the winter, the Road of Life was opened to the Soviet-held southern shore, with a long trail of trucks bringing food and supplies to the besieged city and evacuating citizens on their way back. Both the food and the civilian transports were constantly attacked by the Germans with artillery shelling and air raids.

When Soviet forces eventually lifted the siege in January 1944, over one million inhabitants of Leningrad had died from starvation, exposure and German shelling. 300,000 soldiers had perished in the defence and relief of Leningrad. Leningrad was awarded the title Hero City in 1965, being the first city to receive that distinction.

Volgograd (Stalingrad)

Volgograd is the present-day name of the city of Stalingrad. The defence of Stalingrad from July to November 1942, the counter-offensive of November 19, 1942, that trapped the Axis forces in and around the ruined city, and the German surrender on February 2, 1943, marked the turning point of the European Theatre of World War II. The intensity and sheer scale of the Battle of Stalingrad illustrate the ferocity of the German-Soviet War. Heavy German bombardment, killing thousands of civilians, had turned the city into a landscape of ruins. Workers of the city's weapons factories started personally handing over arms and ammunition to the defending soldiers as the Germans closed in, and eventually continued the fight themselves. Ever more Soviet troops were shipped into the city across the Volga River under enemy fire. German superiority in tanks became useless in the rubble of urban warfare. Fierce man-to-man fighting in streets, buildings and staircases continued for months. The Red Army moved its strategic reserve from Moscow to the lower Volga and transferred all available aircraft from the entire country to the Stalingrad area. The Germans eventually lost a quarter of their total forces deployed on the Eastern Front, and never fully recovered from the defeat. The total casualties on both sides are estimated at nearly 2 million, within a period of 200 days. Volgograd was awarded the title Hero City in 1965.

Odessa

In early August 1941, the Black Sea port of Odessa, located in present-day Ukraine, was attacked and besieged by Romanian forces fighting alongside their German allies. The fierce battle in defense of the city lasted until October 16, when the remaining Soviet troops, as well as 15,000 civilians were evacuated by sea. Partisan fighting continued, however, in the city's catacombs. Odessa was awarded the title Hero City in 1965.

Sevastopol

The Soviet Black Sea port of Sevastopol was a heavily defended fortress on the Crimean peninsula. German and Romanian troops had advanced to the outskirts of the city from the north and launched their attack on October 30, 1941. Having failed to take the city, Axis forces began a siege and heavy bombardment, with such unusual pieces of ordnance as the Mörser Karl self-propelled mortar, and the gigantic Schwerer Gustav railroad cannon. A second Axis offensive against the city, launched in December 1941, failed as well, as the Soviet army and navy forces continued to fight fiercely. Eventually the city was taken in June 1942. It was liberated in bloody fighting in May 1944. Sevastopol was awarded the title Hero City in 1965.

Moscow

At the gates of the Soviet capital, the German invaders suffered their first defeat in 1941. The advance of the German Army Group Centre came to a halt in late November 1941, at the outskirts of Moscow itself. The Soviet Government had by then been evacuated, yet Joseph Stalin remained in the city. The population helped build defensive positions in the streets. The underground metro stations provided shelter during German air raids.

General Georgy Zhukov, who assumed command of the city's defence, largely left close combat tactics to the local commanders on the city's approaches, and focused on concentrating fresh troops from Siberia for an eventual counter-attack. The Soviet counter-offensive was launched on December 5 and 6, 1941. In the freezing cold of an unusually harsh winter, Soviet forces, including well-equipped ski battalions, drove the exhausted Germans back out of reach of Moscow and consolidated their positions on January 7, 1942. The victory in the battle provided an important boost in morale for the Soviet population. Moscow was awarded the title Hero City in 1965.

Kiev

The capital of present-day Ukraine became the site of the largest encirclement battle in the summer of 1941. When the Germans commenced their offensive on July 7, Soviet forces concentrated in the Kiev area were ordered to stand fast, and a breakout was prohibited. Defence of the pocket was fierce. Thousands of civilians volunteered to help defend the city. Eventually Kiev was taken on September 19. Over 600,000 Soviet soldiers were taken captive when the pocket was cleared. The prolonged resistance effectively disrupted the German plans of blitzkrieg. However, in military terms, the battle was a great victory for the German Army and a disaster for the Soviets. It had a huge effect on morale, and Adolf Hitler praised the victory as the greatest battle in history.

During the German occupation of Kiev, hundreds of thousands of civilians were killed or deported for forced labour. Kiev again became a battlefield when advancing Soviet forces pushed the Germans back West, liberating the city on November 6, 1943. Kiev was awarded the title Hero City in 1965.

Novorossiysk
The city of Novorossiysk on the eastern coast of the Black Sea provided a stronghold against the German summer offensive of 1942. Intense fighting in and around the city lasted from August until it was captured by the Germans in mid-September 1942. The Soviets however retained possession of the eastern part of the bay, which prevented the Germans from using the port for supply shipments. Novorossiysk was awarded the title Hero City in 1973.

Kerch

Kerch, a Ukrainian port in the East of the Crimean peninsula, formed a bridgehead at the strait dividing Crimea from the Southern Russian mainland. After fierce fighting, it was taken by the Germans in November 1941. On December 30, 1941, the Soviets recaptured the city in a naval landing operation. In May 1942 the Germans occupied the city again, yet Soviet partisan forces held out in the cliffs near the city until October 1942. On October 31, 1943, another Soviet naval landing was launched. The largely ruined city was finally liberated on April 11, 1944. Kerch was awarded the title Hero City in 1973.

Minsk
The city of Minsk, capital of present-day Belarus, was encircled by advancing German forces in late June 1941. Trapped in a vast pocket, the Soviets defended their positions desperately. Their resistance was broken on July 9, with over 300,000 Soviet soldiers taken captive. During the following three-year occupation, the Germans killed about 400,000 civilians in and around the city. The Minsk area became a centre for the Soviet partisan activity behind enemy lines. Minsk was awarded the title Hero City in 1974.

Tula
Tula, a historical Russian city with important military industry south of Moscow, became the target of a German offensive to break Soviet resistance in the Moscow area between October 24 and December 5, 1941. The heavily fortified city held out, however, and secured the Southern flank during the Soviet defence of Moscow and the subsequent counter-offensive. Tula was awarded the title Hero City in 1976.

Murmansk
The city of Murmansk, located on the Kola Peninsula close to the Norwegian and Finnish borders, was a strategically important sea port and industrial city. It was the only Soviet port on the northern coast that did not freeze in the winter, and was vital for the transport of supplies to the South. German forces, including 800 Finns under German command, launched an offensive against Murmansk on June 29, 1941. More than 180,000 grenades and inflammable shells were fired on the city itself. Fierce Soviet resistance in the tundra and several Soviet counter-attacks made an Axis breakthrough impossible, however. Axis forces discontinued their attacks in late October 1941, having failed to take Murmansk or to cut off the Karelian railway line. Murmansk was awarded the title Hero City in 1985.

Smolensk

Located on the approaches to Moscow, the city of Smolensk saw fierce fighting in the summer of 1941. German armoured divisions of Army Group Centre began an offensive on July 10, 1941, to encircle Soviet forces in the Smolensk area. Soviet resistance was strong, and several counter-attacks were conducted. The Soviets even managed to temporarily break the German encirclement and to evacuate troops out of the pocket. The battle ended in early September. The bitter fighting had considerably delayed the overall German advance toward Moscow, so that defence lines further east could be strengthened. Smolensk was awarded the title Hero City in 1985.

Gallery of Memorial Obelisks

Similar awards

Russia
On April 5, 2005, the State Duma of Russian Federation passed the law in the first reading about the introduction of the honorary title "City of Military Glory" (). Potential candidates are places of fierce battles: Oryol, Rzhev, Yelnya, Voronezh, Vyazma, and others. It has been awarded to 45 cities in Russia.

In 2020, the title of "City of Labour Valour" was established, honouring the cities who had a record of uninterrupted production of military and civilian products at industrial enterprises during the Second World War. Twenty cities currently hold the title.

Russian-supported republics
In Georgia, the breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia have hero cities in their nation, with those cities being given their title based on their perceived steadfast pushback against the Georgian military during their respective conflicts (War in Abkhazia from 1992 to 1993 and the Russo-Georgian War on 2008). In Abkhazia, the cities of Tkvarcheli and Gudauta were awarded the title of Hero of Abkhazia in with the status of a Hero City. On November 23, 2009, by the Decree of the President of South Ossetia, the capital of Tskhinval was awarded the title for its "courage, endurance and heroism shown by the people and defenders of the city" during the Battle of Tskhinvali. The decree on conferring the award was read at a ceremony dedicated to the Day of Courage and National Unity.

In Ukraine, the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic awarded the title of Hero City (connected to the title of Hero of the Donetsk People's Republic) to the city of Donetsk in August 2017.

Ukraine

In 2022, during the Russo-Ukrainian war, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy awarded the title of Hero City of Ukraine (connected to the title of Hero of Ukraine) to the cities of Kharkiv, Chernihiv, Mariupol, Kherson, Hostomel and Volnovakha. After that, four more cities received this title: Bucha, Irpin, Mykolaiv, and Okhtyrka.

Other countries
A number of other countries also awarded their highest military decorations to cities or other territorial units in commemoration of events of World War II and other conflicts:

 : After the Croatian War of Independence in 1991, the Croatian border city Vukovar was named Hero City because damage during the Battle of Vukovar in 1991 has been called the worst in Europe since World War II, drawing comparisons with Stalingrad.
 : The Republic of Cuba awards the title of Hero City to those cities with recognized military history, either in the 19th or 20th century. The most prominent example of these is the Hero City of Santiago de Cuba, awarded as such for its part in the Cuban War of Independence against the Spanish, the Spanish–American War and the Cuban Revolution.
 : Surabaya can be considered Indonesia's equivalent to a Hero City, regarded as such because of the bravery of its residents during the 1945 Battle of Surabaya, the first ever major battle experienced by the young republic during the Indonesian National Revolution.
 : A number of cities have been awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valor.
 : The George Cross was awarded to the island of Malta in 1942.
 : Two municipalities on Terceira Island in the Azores were honoured by Maria II for their civilian bravery. Praia da Vitória ("The Beach of Victory") acquired its epithet from the Battle of Praia Bay and Angra likewise became Angra do Heroísmo or "Angra the Heroic" for the same victory.
 : During the First Carlist War the city of Zaragoza was awarded the title "Siempre Heroica" (always heroic) for the citizens' spontaneous defense of the city during the Cincomarzada.
 : The Socialist Republic of Vietnam awards the title of Hero City to those cities with recognized military history. The most prominent example of these is the Hero City of Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, awarded as such for its part in the Vietnam War.
 : The Order of the People's Hero and "Hero City" title were awarded to eight cities which played a vital role in the Yugoslav Partisan antifascist resistance movement during World War II in Yugoslavia, across all six republics and two provinces of the former country: Belgrade, Zagreb, Ljubljana, Novi Sad, Prilep, Pristina, Drvar and Cetinje.

See also
 World War II Heritage City

References

Soviet awards
Community awards
Eastern Front (World War II)

Hero City (Soviet Union)


Sofualan, Amasya ilinin Taşova ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1926 yılı kayıtlarında Sobalan olarak geçmektedir. Daha önceleri Samsun'un Ayvacık ilçesine bağlıyken, 2 Şubat 2008'de Amasya'nın Taşova ilçesine bağlandı.

Coğrafya
Köy, Taşova ilçe merkezine 29 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Taşova belde ve köyleri

Sofualan


Die Liste der Biografien führt alle Personen auf, die in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia einen Artikel haben. Dieses ist eine Teilliste mit 101 Einträgen von Personen, deren Namen mit den Buchstaben "Zip" beginnt.

Zip

Zipe
 Zipernowsky, Károly (1853–1942), ungarischer Maschinenbau-Ingenieur
 Zipes, Jack (* 1937), US-amerikanischer Literaturwissenschaftler

Zipf
 Zipf, Christoph (* 1962), deutscher Tennisspieler
 Zipf, Georg Albrecht (1808–1870), Kaufmann und Politiker der Freien Stadt Frankfurt
 Zipf, George Kingsley (1902–1950), US-amerikanischer Linguist
 Zipf, Hans Friedrich (1911–1969), deutscher Arzt und Pharmakologe
 Zipf, Jonas (* 1982), deutscher Regisseur, Dramaturg, Publizist und Kulturpolitiker
 Zipf, Jonathan (* 1986), deutscher Triathlet
 Zipf, Karl (1895–1990), deutscher Arzt und Pharmakologe
 Zipfel, Ernst (1891–1966), deutscher Archivar, Direktor des Reichsarchivs
 Zipfel, Frank (* 1963), luxemburgisch-deutscher Literaturwissenschaftler, Philologe und Hochschullehrer an der Universität Mainz
 Zipfel, Friedrich (1920–1978), deutscher Historiker
 Zipfel, Gaby (1951–2021), deutsche Sozialwissenschaftlerin, Redakteurin
 Zipfel, Georg (1896–1945), deutscher Politiker (NSDAP), MdL Bayern
 Zipfel, Georg (* 1953), deutscher Skilangläufer und Bundestrainer
 Zipfel, Max (1883–1964), deutscher Politiker (CDU)
 Zipfel, Otto (1886–1945), deutscher Politiker (KPD), MdL Sachsen
 Zipfel, Paul Albert (1935–2019), US-amerikanischer Geistlicher, römisch-katholischer Bischof von Bismarck
 Zipfel, Peter (* 1956), deutscher Skilangläufer
 Zipfel, Steffen (* 1965), deutscher Fußballspieler
 Zipfel, Stephan (* 1962), deutscher Arzt und Psychotherapeut, Essstörungsforscher und Hochschullehrer
 Zipfel, Walter (1914–1997), deutscher Jurist, Richter am Bundesgerichtshof
 Zipff, Stephan (1761–1813), deutscher Mediziner und Hochschullehrer

Zipk
 Zipkes, Rudolf (1911–2013), Schweizer Jurist und Schriftsteller
 Zipko, Alexander Sergejewitsch (* 1941), russischer Sozialphilosoph und Politikwissenschaftler

Zipo
 Zipoites (356 v. Chr.–280 v. Chr.), König von Bithynien
 Zipoli, Domenico (1688–1726), italienischer Barockkomponist und Missionar
 Zipoli, Marco (* 1990), italienischer Automobilrennfahrer
 Zipori, Mordechai (1924–2017), israelischer Politiker
 Ziporyn, Evan (* 1959), US-amerikanischer Komponist und Klarinettist

Zipp
 Zipp, Bettina (* 1972), deutsche Leichtathletin
 Zipp, Debbie, US-amerikanische Schauspielerin
 Zipp, Frauke (* 1963), deutsche Neurologin und Hochschullehrerin
 Zipp, Friedrich (1914–1997), deutscher Komponist und Kirchenmusiker
 Zipp, Georg (1866–1929), deutscher Tierarzt und Politiker
 Zipp, Karl Hermann (1875–1940), deutscher Elektroingenieur
 Zipp, Thomas (* 1966), deutscher Maler, Bildhauer und Musiker
 Zipp, William, US-amerikanischer Schauspieler
 Zippe, Anton Konrad (1889–1964), österreichischer Pädagoge, Künstler und Politiker (GDVP, NSDAP), Landtagsabgeordneter
 Zippe, Augustin (1747–1816), Rektor des General-Seminars in Prag
 Zippe, Franz Xaver (1791–1863), böhmischer Naturwissenschaftler und Techniker
 Zippe, Gernot (1917–2008), österreichischer Physiker und Erfinder einer Gaszentrifuge
 Zippe, Stephan (* 1972), deutscher Kirchenmusiker, Kantor und Spezialist für Gregorianischen Choral
 Zippel, Chris (* 1967), deutscher Musiker, Produzent und Songwriter
 Zippel, Christian (* 1942), deutscher Politiker (CDU), MdA
 Zippel, Christian (* 1984), deutscher Philosoph und Fitnesstrainer
 Zippel, Christoph (* 1982), deutscher Politiker (CDU)
 Zippel, David (* 1954), US-amerikanischer Musical-Theatertexter
 Zippel, Eva (1925–2013), deutsche Bildhauerin
 Zippel, Friedrich (1887–1960), evangelischer Theologe und Gegner des Nazi-Regimes
 Zippel, Gerhard (1925–2007), deutscher SED-Funktionär
 Zippel, Gregor (* 1939), deutscher Geistlicher, Abt des Klosters Rohr
 Zippel, Hartmut (1938–2020), deutscher Orthopäde
 Zippel, Johann Christian (1789–1841), deutscher Historien- und Porträtmaler
 Zippel, Klaus (* 1936), deutscher Theater- und Hörspielregisseur, Hörbuchsprecher, Drehbuchautor und Verlagslektor
 Zippel, Wulfdiether (* 1938), deutscher Volkswirt und Hochschullehrer
 Zippelius, Adelhart (1916–2014), deutscher Volkskundler und Landesmuseumsdirektor
 Zippelius, Alexander (1797–1828), niederländischer Botaniker
 Zippelius, Annette (* 1949), deutsche Physikerin und Hochschullehrerin
 Zippelius, Friedrich (1901–1990), sudetendeutscher Jurist, Politiker (SdP) und Regierungspräsident
 Zippelius, Hanna-Maria (1922–1994), deutsche Verhaltensbiologin
 Zippelius, Hans (1873–1956), deutscher Architekt
 Zippelius, Nicolas (* 1987), deutscher Politiker (CDU), MdB
 Zippelius, Otto (1885–1957), deutscher und chilenischer Offizier
 Zippelius, Reinhold (* 1928), deutscher Jurist
 Zipper, Alois (1875–1932), deutscher Politiker (Zentrum), MdR
 Zipper, Bernd (* 1967), deutscher Sachbuchautor
 Zipper, Herbert (1904–1997), österreichisch-amerikanischer Komponist, Dirigent und Musikpädagoge
 Zipper, Kurt (1906–1952), deutscher Finanzbeamter und Politiker (LDPD), MdV
 Zipperer, Ernst (1888–1982), deutscher Zeichenlehrer, Grafiker und Maler
 Zipperer, Falk (1899–1966), deutscher Jurist und Bibliothekar
 Zipperer, Franz X. A. (1952–2015), deutscher Musikjournalist und Fotograf
 Zipperer, Friedrich (1939–2017), deutscher Fußballspieler
 Zipperer, Waldemar (1913–2011), deutscher Unternehmer
 Zipperer, Wilhelm (1847–1911), deutscher Pädagoge und Schriftsteller
 Zipperer, William (1884–1945), deutscher Kommunist und Widerstandskämpfer
 Zipperlen, Wilhelm von (1829–1905), deutscher Tierarzt und Hochschulprofessor für Tierheilkunde
 Zippermayr, Mario (1899–1979), österreichischer Physiker und Nationalsozialist
 Zippermayr, Philipp (* 1949), österreichischer Homöopath und Comicautor
 Zipperstein, Steven (* 1950), US-amerikanischer Historiker
 Zippert, Christian (1936–2007), deutscher Theologe und Kommunitätsbeauftragter der EKD
 Zippert, Hans (* 1957), deutscher Satiriker und Journalist
 Zippert, Thomas (* 1961), deutscher evangelischer Theologe und Hochschullehrer
 Zippin, Leo (1905–1995), US-amerikanischer Mathematiker
 Zipplies, Monika (* 1956), deutsche Ruderin
 Zippor, Vater des Balak
 Zippusch, Sarah (* 1994), österreichische Musicaldarstellerin

Zips
 Zips, Kurt (1922–1988), österreichischer Schauspieler und Synchronsprecher
 Zips, Vanessa (* 1995), österreichische Sängerin und Musicaldarstellerin
 Zipse, Hendrik (* 1962), deutscher Chemiker
 Zipse, Katrin (* 1964), deutsche Schriftstellerin, Hörspielautorin und -regisseurin
 Zipse, Manuela (* 1974), deutsche Marathonläuferin
 Zipse, Oliver (* 1964), deutscher Manager und Vorstandsvorsitzender der BMW AG
 Zipser, Carl Gustav (1822–1896), lutherischer Pfarrer und Superintendent in Galizien
 Zipser, Christian Andreas (1783–1864), deutsch-ungarischer Gelehrter
 Zipser, Ella (1926–2012), österreichischer Politiker (SPÖ), Landtagsabgeordneter, Abgeordnete zum Nationalrat
 Zipser, Olav (* 1966), Fallschirmspringer
 Zipser, Paul (* 1994), deutscher Basketballspieler
 Zipser, Pomona (* 1958), deutsche Bildende Künstlerin und Malerin
 Zipser, Walter (* 1958), österreichischer Hörfunk- und Fernsehmoderator

Zipu
 Zipursky, S. Lawrence (* 1955), US-amerikanischer Biochemiker

Liste der Biografien/Zip


Elena Djionat (n. 8 mai 1888; d. p. 1936) a fost o publicistă, pedagogă, jurnalistă, sufragetă și militantă pentru drepturile femeii din România, cofondatoare și conducătoare a Organizației Femeilor Basarabene.

Și-a făcut studiile la la Liceul "Dadiani" din Chișinău și la Facultatea de Medicină din Odessa, pe care o părăsește după doi ani. Între 1919 și 1935 este directoare a Școlii primare "Principesa Elena" din Chișinău.

Până la Marea Unire, încă din 1907, în activitatea sa, Elena Djionat militează pentru obținerea de drepturilor naționale pentru românii din Basarabia (care era parte a Imperiului Rus), fiind persecutată de autoritățile țariste.

În 1928 fondează Organizația Femeilor Basarabene, care ulterior, sub conducerea Elenei Alistar Romanescu, a fost afiliată la Societatea Ortodoxă Națională a Femeilor Române. În 1933 reformează organizația sub denumirea de Liga Femeilor din Basarabia. La congresul de constituire a acesteia a fost alcătuită o moțiune față de regele Carol II, prin care erau revendicate egalitatea în drepturi, indiferent de sex sau stare socială și înlăturarea restricțiilor referitoare la educația femeilor.

Sub președinția Elenei Djionat, Liga înființează un azil pentru femei intelectuale, un azil de noapte pentru femei, un azil de copii ai străzii și un gimnaziu comercial practic de fete.

între 1933 și 1934 a susținut și a colaborat la Mișcarea feministă, ziar bilunar, independent, militant pentru afirmarea drepturilor femeii în viața publică a României.

A fost consilieră municipală a orașului Chișinău în 1937.

Legături externe
  Elena Djionat: Un lider al Mișcării Feministe din Basarabia

Nașteri în 1888
Publiciști români
Pedagogi români
Jurnaliști români
Feministe române
Basarabeni

Elena Djionat


Akyamaç,  Aksaray ilinin Güzelyurt ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin adı, 390 yılı kayıtlarında Kanótala olarak geçmekte iken 1500 yılı kayıtlarında Genedala olarak geçmektedir. Akyamaç daha önceleri köy iken 2008 yılında Güzelyurt ilçe merkezine mahalle olarak bağlandı.

Coğrafya
Mahalle, Aksaray il merkezine 39 km, Güzelyurt ilçe merkezine 5,3 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Güzelyurt belde ve köyleri
Aksaray'ın mahalleleri

Akyamaç, Güzelyurt


Die Neue Linke/Nuova Sinistra (NL/NS) war eine parteiunabhängige Wahlliste aus dem Umfeld der 68er-Bewegung in Südtirol, die sich 1978 auf Betreiben des späteren Spitzenexponenten der Grünen-Fraktion im Europäischen Parlament, Alexander Langer, formiert hat. Sie war von 1978 bis 1983 im Südtiroler Landtag und dadurch gleichzeitig im Regionalrat Trentino-Südtirol vertreten.

Geschichte
Die NL/NS entstand wenige Monate vor den Südtiroler Landtagswahlen 1978 infolge eines Gründungsaufrufs in der Südtiroler Volkszeitung. Die von Alexander Langer lancierte Initiative nahm wesentlich Bezug auf den tragischen Tod des Literaten Norbert Conrad Kaser, der im August 1978 im Alter von 31 Jahren als sozialer und politischer Außenseiter verstorben war.

Das Projekt der Listengründung erreichte in kurzer Zeit eine relative Breitenwirkung, da sich im Verlauf der 1970er-Jahre Südtiroler der 68er-Generation bereits im außerparlamentarischen Raum organisiert hatten. Das einigende Moment bildeten die Versuche der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft, des Südtiroler Kulturzentrums und der regionalen Ableger staatsweit agierender Gruppen wie Lotta Continua und Democrazia Proletaria, in Südtirol bestehende Trennungslinien zwischen deutsch-, italienisch- und ladinischsprachigen Bevölkerungsteilen zu überwinden.

Die Landtagsliste der NL/NS umfasste zehn deutsch- und 17 italienischsprachige, parteiunabhängige Kandidaten. Damit war sie die erste und bis dato einzige politische Oppositionsbewegung in Südtirol, die weder als Abspaltung der dominanten Südtiroler Volkspartei (SVP) entstanden war, noch als Ableger einer staatsweiten italienischen Partei fungierte. Gleichwohl wurde der Wahlkampf der NL/NS vom italienischen Partito Radicale rund um den Bürgerrechtler und damaligen Parlamentsabgeordneten Marco Pannella finanziell unterstützt.

Die NL/NS erreichte 3,65 Prozent der Wählerstimmen und für ihren Spitzenkandidaten Alexander Langer eines der insgesamt 34 Landtagsmandate. Eine für 1981 geplante Mandatsrotation zu Gunsten des italienischsprachigen Listenexponenten Luigi Costalbano erfolgte mit mehrmonatiger Verzögerung und stand am Beginn sich abzeichnender politischer Divergenzen. Während Costalbano mit Ende der Legislaturperiode 1983 aus der Landespolitik ausschied, erweiterte Alexander Langer die Mehrheitsströmung innerhalb der NL/NS für einen zweiten Wahlantritt inhaltlich und personell zur Alternativen Liste für das andere Südtirol (ALFAS), die sich gegen Ende der 1980er-Jahre als grün-alternative Liste langfristig in der regionalen Parteienlandschaft behaupten konnte.

Inhaltliche Schwerpunkte
Die NL/NS verstand sich ursprünglich als antielitäre Protestbewegung gegen die praktizierte politische Kultur der langjährigen regionalen Regierungskoalitionen zwischen Südtiroler Volkspartei (SVP) und Democrazia Cristiana (DC). Sie inspirierte sich wesentlich an der sogenannten Neuen Linken aus dem bundesdeutschen Raum sowie an den italienischen Arbeiter-, Studenten- und Bürgerrechtsbewegungen sozialistischer wie links-katholischer Prägung. In den Jahren der Umsetzung des Zweiten Südtiroler Autonomiestatuts (ab 1972) artikulierte sie konstruktive Kritik an der Autonomiepolitik der SVP, welche die klassischen Linksparteien, besonders die Kommunistische Partei Italiens (KPI), vermissen ließen.

Anlässlich der gesamtstaatlichen Volkszählung im Jahr 1981 und der damit verbundenen Einführung des ethnischen Proporzes formulierte die NL/NS wesentliche Kritikpunkte an der institutionellen Trennung der Sprachgruppen, die mit der Verabschiedung des Zweiten Autonomiestatuts für Südtirol im Jahr 1972 verfassungsrechtlich verankert worden waren. Das von Alexander Langer geprägte Kulturverständnis der "Interethnizität" regte als Alternative eine stärkere Zusammenarbeit über die Sprachgrenzen hinweg an und propagierte in diesem Sinn eine juridische Weiterentwicklung der Autonomie Südtirols vom sprachgruppenbasierten Minderheitenschutz in Richtung einer zivilgesellschaftlich getragenen, regionalen Selbstverwaltung.

Die Kritik der NL/NS am ethnischen Proporz begründete ein zentrales Identifikationsmoment der alternativen Bewegung in Südtirol, trat nach dem Tod Alexander Langers Mitte der 1990er-Jahre innerhalb der Südtiroler Grünen zu Gunsten ökologischer Themen jedoch stark in den Hintergrund. Die umfassende Proporz-Debatte, die weitgehend von den Argumenten Langers angeregt und später von verschiedenen sozialen Gruppen weitergetragen worden war, führte Jahrzehnte später zu einer leichten Lockerung der ursprünglich eingeführten Rechtsbestimmungen.

Literatur
 Joachim Gatterer: "rote milben im gefieder." Sozialdemokratische, kommunistische und grün-alternative Parteipolitik in Südtirol. StudienVerlag: Innsbruck-Wien-Bozen 2009, ISBN 978-3-7065-4648-5.
 Marina Rizzo: Neue Linke/Nuova Sinistra. Un movimento interetnico in Sudtirolo. Diplomarbeit, Universität Bologna 1987/88.

Einzelnachweise

Soziale Bewegung
Politik (Südtirol)
Geschichte Südtirols
Organisation (Bozen)
Gegründet 1978
Aufgelöst 1983

Neue Linke/Nuova Sinistra


Cheshire Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Cheshire Township (Michigan)
 Cheshire Township (Ohio)

Cheshire Township


Sedan, 4 veya daha fazla oturma yeri olan 2 veya 4 kapılı, sabit şaseli veya orta kolonlu, 4 veya daha fazla penceresi olan kapalı binek taşıtlarına denir.

Sedan geçmişte önemli ve zengin kişilerin taşındığı Türkçe karşılığı tahtırevan olarak adlandırılan taşıma aracının karşılığıdır. Car and Driver'e göre sedan adı sabit tavanlı ve en az dört kapılı ya da sabit tavanlı iki kapılı ve en az 933 litrelik iç hacmi olan otomobillere denir.  İngiltere'de sedan yerine saloon sözcüğü kullanılır.

İki kapılı bir sedanın diğer adı coach'tur. Ford iki kapılı sedan için Tudor sedan deyimini kullanmıştır.

Günümüzde

Sedan otomobiller bugün, ABD ve Asya pazarında en çok rağbet gören otomobillerdir. Avrupalı modern hatchbacklere karşı tüm gücüyle direnen eskiden kalma sedanlar, kimi zaman SW'lerden bile geniş olan iç mekân hacimleri ve bagaj kapasiteleri ile çoğu ailenin tercihidir. Kendi içinde 4 kapılı Coupe kavramını türeten, günümüzde tasarımları önemli ölçüde gelişen sedanlar, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ilk tercihidir.

Otomobil segmentleri

Sedan (otomobil)


Oborín este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Michalovce din regiunea Košice, pe malul râului . Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 724 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna .

Istoric
Localitatea Oborín este atestată documentar din 1221.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Oborín


Seven ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Niger after the Niger River, whilst another was planned.

  was a 33-gun fifth rate launched in 1759, reduced to sixth rate, converted to a prison ship in 1810, and renamed Negro in 1813. She was sold in 1814.
  was a 38-gun fifth rate, launched in 1813 and broken up in 1820.
  was a wood screw sloop launched in 1846 and sold in 1869.
  was a composite paddle vessel launched in 1880, renamed Cockatrice in 1881, Moorhen in 1896, and sold in 1899.
  was a torpedo gunboat launched in 1892, converted to a minesweeper in 1909, and sunk in 1914 by the German submarine  near Deal.
  was a  launched in 1936 and sunk by a mine near Iceland in 1942.
 HMS Niger was to have been an . She was laid down in 1944, but was cancelled two months later.
  was an Algerine-class minesweeper, launched in 1945, and scrapped in 1966.

References

Royal Navy ship names

HMS Niger


The Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) was a professional ice hockey league in western Canada and the western United States, which operated from 1911 to 1924 when it then merged with the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). The PCHA was considered to be a major league of ice hockey and was important in the development of the sport of professional ice hockey through its innovations.

The league was started by the Patrick family, professional hockey players from Montreal, building new arenas in Vancouver and Victoria, British Columbia. After a few years of play, the league was accepted by the Stanley Cup trustees as being of a high enough standard that teams from its league were accepted for Stanley Cup challenges. Starting in 1915, the league entered into an agreement where the Stanley Cup was to be contested between the National Hockey Association and the PCHA after the regular seasons were finished. The league struggled to make money, and various teams moved into different cities in an attempt to be successful financially. Eventually, the league, to survive, merged with the WCHL in 1924.

History

After playing for the Renfrew Millionaires in 1910, the brothers Frank and Lester Patrick moved west to Nelson, British Columbia to work in their father Joe's lumbering business. Lester and Frank had both played with the Nelson Hockey Club in the West Kootenay Hockey League priorly, during the 1908–09 season. After Joe Patrick decided to sell the business in January 1911, the Patricks decided then to form a new professional ice hockey league, risking the family fortune. The decision was made to put new rinks in Vancouver and Victoria, British Columbia, locations which necessitated the use of artificial ice, as the locations' climate prevented natural ice. Three teams: the New Westminster Royals, the Victoria Senators, and the Vancouver Millionaires would be formed. The Patricks moved quickly, buying property for the arenas in February. Ground was broken for the arenas in April and the arenas were completed in December. Victoria's arena seated 4,000, and cost $110,000 and the flagship arena in Vancouver had 10,500 seats and cost $210,000 to build.

Once it became clear that the arenas would be built in time, the Patricks raided the National Hockey Association (NHA) for players, although with only three teams and no substitutes, the entire league only had 23 players under contract (including two reserves in case of injury). All players were paid by the league, unlike the NHA with its competing teams. The PCHA distributed players amongst the teams. Newsy Lalonde of the Canadiens would be the most notable player to move west, to play for Vancouver. The league was formally organized on December 7, 1911 to be run by Frank and Lester, who would also play for and manage the Vancouver and Victoria teams. The Victoria arena would open to the public on Christmas Day 1911, and the first game of the PCHA was played on January 3, 1912, only a year after the Patricks decided to form the new league. The first league championship for the Patterson Cup trophy was won by the New Westminster Royals.

The league did not challenge for the Stanley Cup the first year. Despite the raiding of the NHA, a March 1912 west coast tour of the NHA's all-stars was arranged, billed as a sort of "World Series" of hockey. The NHA all-stars included Cyclone Taylor, a marquee name in the East, who had injured his hand refereeing a benefit game for Bruce Ridpath before coming out west and didn't play the first two games. After the PCHA all-stars won the first two games 10–4 and 5–1, leaving the series outcome in no doubt, the NHA manager Art Ross decided to let Taylor play at the Patrick's request. Taylor would put on an outstanding display of ice hockey prowess for the British Columbia fans and receive a two-minute ovation. Taylor, already rumoured to have signed with Vancouver, would later turn down a contract offer of the Ottawa Hockey Club of the NHA to join the Millionaires in December 1912 for a yearly salary of $1,800, the top salary of any player at the time.

For the 1912–13 season the PCHA continued to raid the east for players. Besides Taylor, Goldie Prodgers, Eddie Oatman, Jack McDonald and Ernie Johnson moved out west, although Newsy Lalonde returned to Montreal. The New Westminster rink, to be built by local interests, was not ready and the Royals continued to play in Vancouver. Victoria would win the season and the club arranged for an exhibition series of the Stanley Cup champion Quebec Bulldogs. Victoria would defeat the Bulldogs, two victories to one.

During the 1913–14 season, the PCHA and the NHA started to act together, coming to agreements to recognize each other's player suspensions and contracts, and instituting a controlled "draft" process to facilitate the transfer of players. In a further agreement, the champions of each league would face each other for the Stanley Cup. After the 1914 season, league champion Victoria came east to play the first "World Series of hockey" challenge series with the Toronto Blueshirts for the Stanley Cup. After the series, the Stanley Cup trustees came to agreement with the NHA and PCHA and the challenge era of the Stanley Cup came to an end. Yearly playoffs between the leagues would become the new manner of deciding the Stanley Cup champion. In the 1914–15 season, Vancouver defeated the Ottawa Senators in a best-of-five series to become the PCHA's first Stanley Cup champions.

The league expanded into the United States in 1914 (Portland, Oregon) and again in 1915 (Seattle, Washington). In 1916, the Portland Rosebuds became the first American team to play for the Stanley Cup and the following year the Seattle Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Cup—forever changing the mandate of the Cup, which had initially been to recognize the top hockey club in Canada.

Relations with the NHA turned sour in 1915, with the Patricks accusing the league of reneging on their agreements. In retaliation, the PCHA again went on a raid for NHA players, particularly ones with the Toronto Blueshirts. Five players from Toronto became the core of the new Seattle team.

In 1918, the PCHA introduced playoffs for the first time. Until that year, the team with the best record over the season had been declared the champion and challenged for the Stanley Cup. With the creation of playoffs, it was the winner in the post-season who would be league champion.

In 1921, the Western Canada Hockey League, another western major league of hockey, was formed, and the Stanley Cup playoffs were modified to include teams from the WCHL. The following two years, which would turn out to be the last two years of the PCHA, the league played interleague games with the WCHL. In the last year of the PCHA, all three remaining teams finished with losing records.

In 1924, the Seattle Metropolitans folded, and the two remaining teams in Vancouver and Victoria joined the WCHL (renamed the Western Hockey League), putting an end to the PCHA. The Victoria Cougars would win the Stanley Cup in 1925, but this win would be the last by a non-NHL team, and the last by a team from the west coast until the Anaheim Ducks won the Stanley Cup in 2007.

The merged league did not last long, as the WHL was unable to match the NHL's American expansion and its player salaries, which led the Patrick brothers to sell players or, in the case of the Portland Rosebuds and the Victoria Cougars, the team itself. The expansion Chicago Black Hawks bought the Rosebud players for a reported $15,000, while the expansion Detroit team bought the Victoria players for $25,000 and named itself the Detroit Cougars in tribute; this team became the present-day Detroit Red Wings.

Innovations
The league introduced numerous innovations to the sport of ice hockey:
 blue lines and goal creases
 forward passing
 penalty shots
 playoffs
 removed rule that goalies must stay on their feet

The PCHA also developed a farm system for players, and were the first Canadian league to expand into the United States.

The PCHA is also credited with introducing numbers to player sweaters for identification purposes (starting in 1911–12), but this had been had also been experimented with in the NHA at the same time.

Women's ice hockey

As early as January 1916, Frank and Lester Patrick talked of the formation of a women's league to complement the Pacific Coast Hockey Association. The proposal included teams from Vancouver, Victoria, Portland and Seattle. The league never formed.

In February 1921, Frank Patrick announced a women's international championship series that would be played in conjunction with the Pacific Coast Hockey Association. The three teams that competed were the Vancouver Amazons, Victoria Kewpies, and Seattle Vamps.

On February 21, 1921, the Seattle Vamps competed against the Vancouver Amazons in Vancouver, and were vanquished by a 5-0 score. Two days later, the Vamps played against a team from the University of British Columbia and won the game. Jerry Reed scored three goals (a hat trick) in the game for the Vamps. In both games, the Vancouver media referred to the Seattle team as the Seattle Sweeties. The Amazons would travel to Seattle and defeat them again. On March 2, 1921, the Vamps were defeated by the Kewpies 1-0 in Seattle. In the rematch on March 12, the Vamps travelled to Victoria. The result was a 1–1 tie, and Jerry Reed scored the goal for Seattle. The goaltender for the Vamps was Mildren Terran. After the 1921 season, the Vamps and the Kewpies ceased operations.

Seasons of play

All-Star teams and other awards
1913–14 – Hugh Lehman, New Westminster, goal; Moose Johnson, New Westminster, and Frank Patrick, Vancouver on defence; Cyclone Taylor, Vancouver, rover; and Tom Dunderdale, Victoria, Eddie Oatman, New Westminster, and Dubbie Kerr, Victoria, forward.
1914–15 – Hugh Lehman, Vancouver, goal; Moose Johnson, Portland, and Lester Patrick, Victoria on defence; Cyclone Taylor, Vancouver, rover; and Mickey MacKay, Vancouver, Eddie Oatman, Portland, and Frank Nighbor, Vancouver, forward.
1916–17 – Frank Foyston, Seattle - most valuable player
1917–18 – Cyclone Taylor, Vancouver - most valuable player

Career leading scorers
GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points

Source:

See also
List of Stanley Cup champions
List of pre-NHL seasons
List of ice hockey leagues

References

References

External links
Internet Hockey Database - standings and statistics

Sports leagues established in 1911
1924 disestablishments
Defunct ice hockey leagues in Canada
Pre–National Hockey League
Defunct ice hockey leagues in the United States
1911 establishments in British Columbia

Pacific Coast Hockey Association


Linlithgow dans le Linlithgowshire était un Burgh royal qui a élu un Commissaire au Parlement d'Écosse et à la Convention des États.

Après les Actes d'Union de 1707, Linlithgow, Lanark, Peebles et Selkirk ont formé le district de Linlithgow, envoyant un membre à la Chambre des communes de Grande-Bretagne.

Liste des commissaires de burgh

 1661–63: Andro Glen, marchand, provost
 1665 convention: Robert Stewart, provost
 1667 convention, 1669–74, 1678 convention: Robert Milne, marchand, provost
 1685–86: Alexander Milne
 1689 convention, 1689–98: William Higgins, bourgeois marchand (a démissionné pour entrer dans l'Église vers 1699)
 1700–02, 1702–07: Walter Stueart de Pardovein, ancien provost

Références

Article connexe
 Liste des circonscriptions au Parlement d'Écosse au moment de l'Union
 Linlithgow (circonscription du Parlement écossais)

Circonscription du Parlement d'Écosse (jusqu'en 1707)
Politique dans le West Lothian

Linlithgow (circonscription du Parlement d'Écosse)


Lake Fenton may refer to a location in the United States:

Lake Fenton (Michigan), a lake
Lake Fenton, Michigan, a community adjacent to the lake
Lake Fenton High School

See also
 Fenton Lake (disambiguation)

Lake Fenton


حكايات التاروت هي الرواية رقم 20 كما أنها حلقة الرعب الثانية في سلسلة ما وراء الطبيعة التي تصدرها المؤسسة العربية الحديثة ضمن روايات مصرية للجيب للكاتب أحمد خالد توفيق تعد السلسلة أول سلسلة روايات عربية في أدب الرعب.

أحداث الحلقة

يكون رفعت إسماعيل وهاري شيلدون وسام كولبي في حفلة لنادى يدعى نادى السحر، وهناك يكون فرانتز لوسيفر الذي يطلب من الذين يريدون أن يلحقوا به في صومعة الأحلام أن يتبعوه، وبالفعل يتجمع سبعة أشخاص ليطلب من كل واحد منهم أن يخلط من كل واحد أوراق تاروت، ليخبر كل واحد فيهم بقصة الجزء الذي حدث له والجزء الذي سوف يحدث :

الحكاية الأولى : ماذا أصاب لويز؟ بطولة ليليان مازورسكى

 الجزء الذي حدث : بعد زواج أبنائها وأبتعادهم عنها، تبقى ليليان مع ابنتها الباقية لويز الذي لا زالت طالبة تدرس، وشيء فشيئ تلاحظ ليليان تغيير في لويز، حيث أصبحت تنام النهار وتستقيظ الليل كله، وراحت تفقد وزنها بسرعة وكفت عن الأستحمام، وينصحها طبيب أما أن أبنتها مدمنة على المخدرات أو أصابها مس شيطانى وينصحها بالذهاب إلى فرانتز لوسيفر.
 الجزء الذي سوف يحدث : ستعود ليليان ذات يوم لتقرر أن تضع نهاية لهذا الأمر، فتغلق المنزل عليها وعلى أبنتها حتى تكتشف ماذا حل بها ولن تسمح لها بالخروج أبدا، لتكتشف في نهاية الأمر أن أبنتها تحولت إلى مصاصة دماء لتهاجم أمها وتقتلها في النهاية.

الحكاية الثانية : اللعبة بطولة جون ميلز

 الجزء الذي حدث : عرف جون أنه مصاب بمرض خلقى في كليتيه وأنه للموت أقرب من الحياة، وأنه يحتاج إلى زرع كلية وأمامه طابور طويل لينتظره، وهنا يندمج أكثر وأكثر في القمار ويراه ذات مرة جيروم كلايد أحد مرؤسيه ليعرض عليه كليته، والذي يتصادف أنها تتوافق مع جسد جون ولكنه يطلب منه أن يلعب لعبة الروليت الروسي، وأن يطلق على نفسه أربعة مرات وإذا نجا فاز بكلية كلايد، ويفسر كلايد رغبته في ذلك لأن كلاهما مقامر.
 الجزء الذي سوف يحدث : يوضح فرانتز لوسيفر لجون أنه سينجو في المرة الأولى والثانية والثالثة، ولكنه لا يخبره بعد ذلك بشيئ وينصحه بالتجربة.

الحكاية الثالثة : فودو بطولة هاري شيلدون

 الجزء الذي حدث : يعود هاري شيلدون ذات مرة لمنزله ليجده تعرض للسرقة، أما أهم ما سرق فهو فتيش زوجته نتيجة مغامرة سابقة أسطورة الموتى الأحياء، والذي عن طريقه يمكن إيذاء زوجته فيذهب إلى الأم مارشا التي تقوم بعزل الدمية عن زوجته، وفي المقابل تطلب الأم مارشا بضعة قطرات من دمه مقابل هذا، فيعطيها هارى ما أرادت ليعرف من فرانتز لوسيفر أنها هي وأبنها من قام بسرقة الدمية، لأنها تريد باستخدام سحر الفودو أن تحل صفات زوجته ليندا فيها.
 الجزء الذي سوف يحدث : سوف يعود هارى ذات مرة إلى منزله ليجد زوجته ميتة، وينصحه فرانتز لوسيفر أن يستعيد دمية زوجته.

الحكاية الرابعة : والآن نرجوكم الصمت بطولة مارى جوليم

 الجزء الذي حدث : كانت مارى وما تزال تعشق قصص الرعب وما وراء الطبيعة، وذات يوما وهي جالسة بين صديقاتها هارييت ولويز مازورسكى وهيلين، يقرروا أن يستدعوا روح جاك السفاح ولكن لم يحدث شيء، لتفاجأ مارى ان هيلين قد قتلت في اليوم التالي بنفس الطريقة التي كان يتصرف بها جاك السفاح.
 الجزء الذي سوف يحدث : يخبرها فرانتز لوسيفر أن هيلين لا يعرف عنها أحد أي شيء، لأنها ساحرة وأنها يجب أن تتخلص منها بحرقها قبل أن تؤذيها وتؤذى كل من حولها.

الحكاية الخامسة : مذءوب بطولة سام كولبي

 الجزء الذي حدث : يستعين القس جونز بسام كولبي لأنه عرف أن هناك مذءوب في دار هالبروك، حيث ميز القس لهجة من جاء للأعتراف بأنه مذءوب ويطالب من سام ان يخلصه من المذءوب خصوصا بعد أن تسبب في مقتل أبنة هالبروك بطريقة وحشية، ويذهب سام غلى العائلة للتعرف عليها مع القس جونز لتحديد من هو المذءوب.
 الجزء الذي سوف يحدث : يذهب سام ليلة أكتمال البدر إلى عائلة هالبروك، ومعه مسدس به طلقة فضية للقضاء على المذءوب ولكن ما تفعل طلقة واحدة بعد أن يكتشف ان العائلة كلها من المذءوبين.

الحكاية السادسة : خطوات في الردهة بطولة د. رفعت إسماعيل

 الجزء الذي حدث : يكون رفعت إسماعيل في رحلة طلابية إلى القناطر الخيرية، وهناك أثناء ألتقاطه للصور يلتقى صورة لطالب وطالبة متزوجان ويعرفا ذلك.
 الجزء الذي سوف يحدث : وعند تحميض الصور يجد رفعت ان الطالب والطالبة لا يظهران فيها، ويلاحظ ان هناك من عبث في شقته، وذات يوم سيجدهم رفعت في شقته في صورة أكتوبلازمية حيث يريدان الصور، وبعد التخلص من الصور يهجمان عليه للتخلص من الذي رأى الصور.

خاتمة الحلقة

و بعد ذلك بأيام يقرأ الجميع في الصحف مقتل لويز بيد أمها وأنها ليس مصاصة دماء ولكنها مدمنة، ومقتل جون ميلز بعد أن خاض التجربة ومات بيده هو، ومحاولة مارى أن تقتل هارييت حرقا ولكن هارييت تستغيث بالجيران، ويحاول سام كولبي أن يقتل عائلة كاملة مدعيا أنهم من المذءوبين.

و يعرف هارى ورفعت ان فرانتز لوسيفر حاول دفعهم إلى الهلاك جميعا لأنه كما يقول اسمه شيطان، شيطان يتسلى بتحريض الأبرياء على الشر وأثارة هلعهم من كل شيء، ويقرر هاري شيلدون أسترجاع دمية زوجته مهما كان الثمن، ولن نعرف ماذا سوف يحدث لرفعت إلا بعد عودته إلى القاهرة وهذه قصة أخرى.

أبطال الرواية

 رفعت إسماعيل : طبيب أمراض الدم والأستاذ الجامعي الكهل المقيم بالقاهرة، نحيل، أصلع، ذو عوينات، يعاني من كتيبة من الأمراض منها على سبيل المثال لا الحصر : القرحة المعدية، ضيق الشرايين، الربو الشعبي، التهاب الرئة، آلام المفاصل، قلق، متشائم، نحس يقع في المصائب.
 فرانتز لوسيفر : العامل المضاد في السلسلة، وبسبب اسمه فإنه يُعتبر تجسيداً للشيطان، ظهر في هذه الرواية بصورة قارئ أوراق تاروت مجري.
 هاري شيلدون : صديق رفعت أمريكي الجنسية، وهو مهندس كمبيوتر عصبي مُشاجِر.
 سام كولبي : نصاب وساحر يهودي.
 ليليان مازورسكى : ربة منزل، أرملة وأم لثلاثة، وهي سكرتيرة سابقة، جاءت لتستشير فرانتز لوسيفر عن أبنتها لويز.
 مارى جوليم:فتاه رومانسية تعشق الرعب وهي قريبة ليليان مازورسكى.
 جون ميلز : مدير شركة، متزوج ولم ينجب، يدمن القمار، جاء ليستشير فرانتز لوسيفر عن لعبة قاتلة.

سلسلة ما وراء الطبيعة
روايات بالعربية

حكايات التاروت


Spanish guitar may refer to:
 Classical guitar, a six-stringed guitar with nylon strings
 Flamenco guitar, similar to a classical guitar but commonly found in Spain and Latin America
 "Spanish Guitar" (song), a 2000 song by Toni Braxton
 "Spanish Guitar", a 1971 song by Gene Clark from his album White Light
 "Spanish Guitar", a 1978 song by Gary Moore from his album Back on the Streets
 Duets with Spanish Guitar, a 1958 album by Laurindo Almeida with Salli Terri and Martin Ruderman

Spanish guitar


Korona (lat. corona: vijenac, kruna) može značiti:

 korona, vanjski dio atmosfere Sunca i zvijezda
 korona (optička pojava), vijenac oko Sunca ili Mjeseca, optička pojava koja nastaje kad se Sunce ili Mjesec nalazi iza tankih oblaka
 korona (vijenac), u antici, je vijenac koji predstavlja čast, odlikovanje, nagradu, visok čin svojega nositelja
 korona (elektricitet), u fizici i elektrotehnici, svjetleći električni izboj
 korona (glazba), u glazbi, je znak kojim se produljuje trajanje nekog tona, akorda ili stanke. Korona može stajati iznad notnoga znaka ili ispod njega. Obično produljuje ton ili stanku za polovicu njihova trajanja, ali stvarno produljenje određuje osjećaj izvoditelja prema karakteru određene glazbe.
 Sveta Korona, ranokršćanska svetica.
 korona (planetarna geologija), geološka formacija u obliku krune
 koronavirus, (lat.: Orthocoronavirinae, Coronavirinae) su skupina virusa koji uzrokuju bolesti kod sisavaca i ptica.

Izvori

Korona (razdvojba)


هي سفينة فضاءٍ أمريكية تم إطلاقها في عام 1962 م إلى كوكب الزهرة لاكتشاف إذا ما كانت توجد حياة عليه.

مارينر 1 ومارينر 2

صُمم المسباران مارينر 1 ومارينر 2 على غرار المسبارات المرسلة للقمر من نوع رانجر، وصنّعا المسباران في وقت وجيز جدا، أقل من سنة وذلك بغرض إرسال مسبار إلى كوكب الزهرة أولا قبل أن يسبقهم الاتحاد السوفييتي إليها. وكانت حمولة كل من مارينر 1 ومارينر 2 صغيرة نسبيا بسبب محدودية قدرة الصاروخ أطلس أجينا ب. ويزن المسبار 202 كيلوجرام منها 18,6 كيلوجرام أجهزة علمية لإجراء القياسات.

الإطلاق والمتابعة

تم إطلاق سفينة فضاء مارينر 2 في السابع والعشرين من شهر آب من عام 1962 م محمَّلةً على صاروخ من طراز "أطلس أجينا ب"، وكانت توجد ثلاثة قواعدٍ رئيسية تقوم بمتابعة المركبة واستقبال المعلومات منها وإرسال التعليمات إليها، واحدةٌ في كاليفورنيا وأخرى في جنوب أفريقيا والثالثة في أستراليا، وقد كان يوجد عقل إلكتروني يقوم بإدار المركبة آلياً لكنه أيضاً يستجيب لأوامر قواعد المتابعة، ومن أمثلة ذلك أنه بعد انطلاق المركبة أمرها العقل الإلكتروني بالتوقف عن الدوران حول نفسها ونشر الألواح الشمسية التي تمدها بالكهرباء.

كان إقلاع مارينر 1 في 22 يوليو 1962. وبسبب خطأ في برمجة إقلاع الصاروخ انحرف الصاروخ عن المسار المرغوب فيه مما أدي إلى إعطاء إشارة من الأرض لتفجير الصاروخ بعد إقلاعة بمدة 290 ثانية.

وانطلق مارينر 2 في 27 أغسطس 1962 واكتشف المسبار في طريقة إلى الزهرة الريح الشمسية التي تنبأ بها العالم الألماني لودفيج بيرمان عام 1950. وبعد إشارة من الأرض لتصحيح المسار في 4 سبتمبر 1962 ارتفع ضغط النيتروجين في خزان المركبة وتسرب جزء منه، وأصبح إجراء أي تصحيح لاحق للمسار غير ممكن. وفي نهاية أكتوبر انخفض كسب أحد فرعي اللوح الضوئي حتي توقف تماما عن إنتاج الكهرباء يوم 15 نوفمبر.ولكن بسبب اقتراب المسبار من الشمس في طريقه إلى الزهرة فقد كفى ما ينتجه الفرع الثاني من الألواح الشمسية من التيار لتشغيل أجهزة المسبار.

ثم عبر مسار مارينر 2 كوكب الزهرة على بعد 34.770 كيلومتر بدون صعوبات أخرى وقامت الأجهزة العلمية بقياساتها وإرسال النتائج إلى الأرض. وفي 3 يناير 1963 انقطع الاتصال بين مارينر 2 والأرض.

تجهيزات مارينر 2

كانت مارينر 2 مزوَّدة بألواحٍ شمسية تمتص أشعة الشمس وتحولها إلى كهرباءٍ لتشغيلها، وكانت تزن 210 كيلوجرام، يبلغ طولها ثلاثة متر ونصف، وزودت بتلسكوبٍ وأجهزة أرسال واستقبال للموجات الرإدارية للاتصال بالأرض وأجهزة لتحديد حرارة الكوكب. بما أن كوكب الزهرة مغطى بطبقة سميكة من الغيوم لم يكن هناك داعٍِ لتثبيت كاميرا بمارينر 2. قد كانت وسيلة مارينر 2 لاكتشاف مدى إمكانية وجود الحياة على كوكب الزهرة هي قياس درجة الحرارة ووجود بخار الماء. وكان أمام مارينر 2 ستة تجارب عليها إجراؤها: الأولى والثانية كان سوف يتم إجراؤهما بعد الوصول إلى الكوكب وهما متعلِّقتان بقياس درجة الحرارة وتركيب طبقات السحب، أمَّا التجارب الأربع الباقية فكان سوف يتم إجراؤها أثناء رحلة مارينر 2 إلى كوكب الزهرة (التي استغرقت ثلاثة أشهرٍ ونصفٍ تقريباً) وهي متعلقة بدراسة الغبار الكوني والجسيمات الشمسية والمجالات المغناطيسية بين الكواكب وقياس المجال المغناطيسي لكوكب الزهرة والبحث عن حزام إشعاعي كان يُظن أنه يحيط بكوكب الزهرة.

نتائج البعثة

قامت مارينر 2 بقياس درجة حرارة الزهرة وقدرتها ب 425 درجة مئوية، كما استطاعت اكتشاف بخار الماء في جو الكوكب. وقامت بتقدير ارتفاع الطبقة العليا السحابية بين 55 و 80 كيلومتر.

وبينت القياسات المغناطسية أن الفضاء بين الكواكب يكاد يكون خاليا من وجود مجال مغناطيسي، وقدر مارينر 2 شدة المجال المغناطيسي للزهرة بنحو 1/10 المجال المغناطيسي للأرض.

اقرأ أيضا
 برنامج مارينر
 مارينر 4
 إلكروس
 ديب امباكت
 سبيريت
 مسبار

مراجع ومصادر

أقمار اصطناعية مهجورة في مدار شمسي المركز
برنامج مارينر
مركبات فضائية أطلقت في 1962
مسابر فضائية مهجورة
مهام إلى الزهرة

مارينر 2


Tschechoslowakische Badminton-Juniorenmeisterschaften wurden von 1965 an bis zum Ende des Bestehens der gemeinsamen Republik von Tschechen und Slowaken ausgetragen. Die Austragung von Titelkämpfen der Erwachsenen begann 1961 und die Austragung von Mannschaftsmeisterschaften 1964. Als internationale Titelkämpfe der ČSSR wurden die Czechoslovakian International durchgeführt.

Die Titelträger

Weblinks
Badminton Europe

Junioren
Erstveranstaltung 1965
Jugendbadminton
Liste (Badminton)


An Lagenocarpus minarum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze. An Lagenocarpus minarum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lagenocarpus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Lagenocarpus

Lagenocarpus minarum


Jolyon Wagg () is a fictional character in The Adventures of Tintin, the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. He is a gregarious, simple, and overbearing man who enters the story by barging in uninvited.

Character history
Jolyon Wagg is disliked by Captain Haddock, who finds him irritating, although Wagg remains cheerfully oblivious and believes himself a great friend of the Captain. Wagg is portrayed as a clueless tourist in the exotic places where Tintin and the Captain have their adventures. He is an insurance salesman by trade, and he often tries to sell other characters insurance. Wagg often quotes his Uncle Anatole, who was a barber.

Jolyon Wagg is based on a salesman who came to Hergé's door and invited himself in, but also on a stereotype of what Hergé called a belgicain, a petty-minded Belgian lacking self-awareness. Wagg appears late in the series, starting with The Calculus Affair, where his self-importance and insensitivity enrage Captain Haddock. Wagg also appears in The Red Sea Sharks, The Castafiore Emerald, Flight 714 to Sydney and  Tintin and the Picaros.

Wagg appears six times in The Calculus Affair: twice inviting himself inside Marlinspike Hall (on one of the occasions inside Calculus' laboratory), hiding from gunshots in the adjoining park, interfering with a critical radio transmission (Haddock was attempting to call the police while pursuing Calculus' captors but Wagg assumed that he was joking), repeatedly interrupting Haddock's phone call to Nestor, and moving into the Marlinspike Hall with his family for a holiday while Tintin, Haddock and Calculus are away. Tintin, who rarely shows anger, is unaffected. However the Captain is goaded into memorable rants, for example:

Wagg cannot take a hint. He sees himself as Haddock's friend and does not appear to realise that the Captain's outbursts demonstrate genuine dislike for him. When Bianca Castafiore insured her jewels for a large sum of money, Wagg criticised the Captain, saying that as a common "friend" of his and Bianca's, Haddock should have ensured that Wagg got the deal. In fact, Haddock sees both of them as nuisances rather than friends.

In the final Tintin album, Tintin and the Picaros, the tables are turned when Tintin and the Captain steal the costumes from the group with which Wagg is traveling, the Jolly Follies.

Wagg has an unusual role in Tintin albums in that, unlike most recurring characters with a role in the plot, he is a relatively average human being (not being criminal, eccentric, dictatorial, or famous). He facilitated Hergé's bringing in a more realistic, domestic mood into the later books. Perhaps reflecting Hergé's dislike of mediocrity, Wagg never accomplishes much, except to get in the way.

In the animated series, his role is greatly diminished. His role in The Calculus Affair also diminished. He did not appear neither on television episodes of The Red Sea Sharks, The Castafiore Emerald, nor on Flight 714 to Sydney. He also makes a cameo appearance in the televised episode of The Seven Crystal Balls, whereas in the original comic album, he is absent. (The story in which he has a big appearance is only "Tintin and the Picaros") His family has also been completely deleted.

Naming

Names in Tintin are not always literally translated but rather turned into a different joke.  What Hergé intended in French is not possible to translate directly, however he "wanted something 'puffed up', a tone which expressed at the same time fleshy and weak." Wagg's original French name, Séraphin Lampion , is a contrast between the first name meaning seraphim, and the last name meaning a "chintzy little lamp of the sort Wagg would use to decorate his home", or perhaps alternatively "a show off".

See also
 List of The Adventures of Tintin characters

References

Bibliography

Tintin characters
Comics characters introduced in 1956
Fictional salespeople
Fictional Belgian people
Male characters in comics

Jolyon Wagg


Bostonski heroji, američka drama iz 2016. godine. Zasnovana na istinitom događaju, bombaškom napadu u Bostonu na Dan domoljuba 16. travnja 2013. godine.

Sažetak
Bostonski maraton počinje 15. travnja 2013. godine. Dan prije počinje radnja filma. Na dan samog maraton braća Džohar i Tamerlan Carnajev detonirali su dvije bombe. Među ostalima ozlijeđen je mladi par Patrick Downes i Jessica Kensky. Odvode ih u različite bolnice i oboma moraju amputirati nogu. Snimke bombaškog napada pregledavaju FBI-jevi analitičari i na njima su identificirali sumnjivce Džohara i Tamerlana Carnajeva.

Američki filmovi 2010-ih

Bostonski heroji (2016.)


ෆැනෙරොසොයික යුගය () යනු භූ විද්‍යාත්මක කාල පරිමාණයේ හතරවන සහ වත්මන් යුගය වේ.

භාහිර සබැඳි

 Phanerozoic (chronostratigraphy scale)

ෆැනෙරොසොයික


No habrá paz para los malvados es una película española estrenada en 2011, dirigida por Enrique Urbizu y protagonizada por José Coronado.

La película se estrenó en la 59 edición del Festival de Cine de San Sebastián con muy buenas críticas y gran respaldo del público.

El 10 de enero de 2012, la película de Enrique Urbizu fue nominada por la Academia de las Artes y las Ciencias Cinematográficas de España a los Premios Goya en 14 categorías. El 19 de febrero, en la gala de los Premios Goya la película de Enrique Urbizu fue la gran triunfadora de la noche al conseguir 6 premios, entre ellos los de mejor película, mejor director y mejor actor principal.

Reparto
 José Coronado es Santos Trinidad.
 Rodolfo Sancho es Rodolfo.
 Helena Miquel es Jueza Chacón.
 Juanjo Artero es Leiva.
 Pedro Mari Sánchez es Ontiveros.
 Nadia Casado es Celia.
 Younes Bachir es Rachid.
 Karim El-Kerem es Joven guapo.
 Abdelali El Aziz es Ceutí.
 Nasser Saleh es Muchacho árabe.
 Juan Pablo Shuk es Augusto Lora.
 Eduard Farelo es Cerdán.
 Bernabé Fernández es Policía joven uniformado.

Curiosidades
 En Aída (serie de televisión), un episodio recibe el nombre de "No Habrá Paz Para Los Malpensados", cuyo nombre hace referencia a esta película

Palmarés cinematográfico

XXVI edición de los Premios Goya

67.ª edición de las Medallas del Círculo de Escritores Cinematográficos

56.ª edición de los Premios Sant Jordi

IV edición de los Premios Gaudí

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nominaciones para los Premios Goya RTVE.es

Películas ambientadas en Madrid
Películas ganadoras del Premio Goya a la mejor película
Películas dirigidas por Enrique Urbizu
Telecinco Cinema
Ganadoras de la Medalla del CEC a la mejor película

No habrá paz para los malvados


Venceremos es un sencillo del grupo chileno Quilapayún junto con la Orquesta Sinfónica Popular dirigida por Eduardo Moubarak, lanzado en Chile en 1971 bajo el sello DICAP. Ambos lados del sencillo contienen la canción Venceremos, siendo la del lado A la versión de Quilapayún incluida en el álbum del mismo año Vivir como él.

Lista de canciones

Véase también
 Anexo:Sencillos de Discoteca del Cantar Popular

Referencias

Sencillos de 1971
Sencillos de Quilapayún
Sencillos de Discoteca del Cantar Popular

Venceremos (sencillo)


O Campeonato Paulista Feminino Sub-17 de 2021 foi a quinta edição deste evento esportivo, um torneio estadual de futebol feminino organizado pela Federação Paulista de Futebol (FPF).

O torneio compreendeu quatro distintas fases e envolveu a participação de um total de 11 clubes, ocorrendo no período de 30 de outubro a 5 de dezembro. Foi a segunda edição do torneio reduzida devido aos acontecimentos da pandemia de COVID-19. O torneio começou com a divisão dos participantes em dois grupos, onde os clubes jogaram contra seus oponentes do mesmo grupo em partidas de turno. Nas fases seguintes, os clubes avançaram com base nos resultados de jogos únicos, reduzindo gradualmente o número de participantes a cada fase, culminando na disputa da final do torneio.

O título da edição foi conquistado pelo São Paulo, que venceu a decisão contra o Corinthians na Neo Química Arena. Este triunfo marcou o quarto título na história do clube paulistano neste torneio.

Antecedentes
Em 22 de fevereiro de 2017, a FPF organizou um congresso técnico que estabeleceu a criação do torneio. No mesmo dia, a entidade divulgou o regulamento da primeira edição. e emitiu um comunicado declarando que o campeonato tinha como objetivo principal "fomentar o futebol feminino, atraindo mais praticantes para a modalidade e gerando novos talentos para o futuro do esporte no Brasil". Notavelmente, este foi o primeiro campeonato de base de futebol feminino no Brasil. Posteriormente, outras competições semelhantes surgiram, como o Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-16 e Sub-18.

O São Paulo se destacou ao conquistar três dos quatro primeiros títulos disputados. O primeiro título do clube foi conquistado com uma equipe de atletas com menos de quinze anos, em parceria com o Centro Olímpico e sob o comando de Thiago Viana. Elas derrotaram o São José na decisão. Os dois títulos subsequentes foram conquistados contra Audax e Santos. No ano de 2020, o Santos venceu o título ao derrotar a Ferroviária na final, em uma edição marcada pelo menor número de participantes e datas.

Formato e participantes
A edição em questão contou com a participação de 11 clubes, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos diferentes. Um destes grupos acomodaram cinco clubes, enquanto o outro continha seis. O formato da competição envolveu confrontos diretos entre os membros dos grupos, em partidas de ida. A progressão no torneio foi definida da seguinte maneira: os quatro clubes mais bem colocados de cada grupo avançaram para as quartas de final. O chaveamento dos confrontos das quartas de final foi estabelecido de acordo com o desempenho geral das equipes ao longo do torneio.

Primeira fase

A primeira rodada da competição ocorreu em 30 de outubro e se destacou pelas goleadas do Centro Olímpico e Brothers, que juntos marcaram 17 gols em apenas duas partidas. No dia seguinte, a primeira rodada foi concluída com mais três jogos. Em 17 de novembro, Ferroviária e Santos se tornaram os primeiros clubes a garantirem vaga nas quartas de final. Quatro dias depois, a fase de grupos chegou ao fim com a eliminação de apenas três clubes: Inter de Franca, SKA Brasil e União Mogi.

Grupo 1

Grupo 2

Fases finais
No dia 24 de novembro, as quartas de final começaram com três partidas, onde Corinthians, Santos e São Paulo venceram de forma convincente seus adversários Brothers, Rezende e Red Bull Bragantino, respectivamente. A Ferroviária também avançou após uma goleada sobre o Centro Olímpico no dia seguinte. Na fase das semifinais, os confrontos foram mais equilibrados. O São Paulo avançou após eliminar o Santos nos pênaltis, enquanto o Corinthians venceu a Ferroviária por 3–2.

Em 5 de dezembro, Corinthians e São Paulo se enfrentaram na Neo Química Arena pela final do torneio. O clássico Majestoso terminou com a vitória do São Paulo por 2–0, dando ao clube o seu quarto título na história da competição.

Referências

Gerais

Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino Sub-17
Futebol de 2021 em São Paulo

Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino Sub-17 de 2021


Hala Misrati (* in Tripolis) ist eine libysche Fernsehmoderatorin. Sie positionierte sich während des Bürgerkriegs 2011 im staatlichen Fernsehen als radikale Unterstützerin von Diktator Muammar al-Gaddafi und beschimpfte Oppositionelle. Gegen Ende des Aufstands wurde sie von der Libyschen Nationalen Befreiungsarmee (NLA) inhaftiert.

Leben
Misrati besuchte die Universität Tripolis (Al-Fateh-Universität), wo sie 2003 den Bachelor in Recht abschloss. Im Jahr 2007 veröffentlichte sie eine Sammlung von romantischen Kurzgeschichten unter dem Titel Der Mond hat ein anderes Gesicht.

2008 begann sie bei der Libyan Jamahiriyah Broadcasting Corporation (LJBC), dem staatlichen Fernsehsender Libyens, zu arbeiten. Dort war sie auch während des Bürgerkriegs in Libyen 2011 Sprecherin und moderierte zahlreiche positive Beiträge über den damaligen Diktator Muammar al-Gaddafi. Sie hatte einen sehr eigenwilligen Moderationsstil. Sie unterbrach ihre Meldungen mit langen improvisierten Ansprachen, in denen sie die Regierung unter Gaddafi pries und die Revolutionäre beschimpfte. So bezeichnete sie Iman al-Obeidi, eine Juristin, die vor internationalen Medien angab, vergewaltigt worden zu sein, in einem zehnminütigen Monolog unter anderem als "Hure" und "Lügnerin".

International bekannt wurde ein Ausschnitt vom 21. August 2011, in dem Misrati mit einer Pistole in der Hand bekundete, dass sie bereit sei, den Sender bis zu ihrem Tod zu verteidigen. Tags darauf wurde der Sender von der Libyschen Nationalen Befreiungsarmee (NLA) erobert und Misrati festgenommen und inhaftiert.

Im Februar 2012 meldete al-Arabiya, dass Misrati tot in ihrer Zelle aufgefunden worden sei. Die NLA präsentierte dagegen ein Video, das sie lebend zeigte.

Nach ihrer Freilassung verließ Misrati Libyen. Sie war von 2012 bis 2014 auf der libyschen Interpol – Liste gesuchter Personen zur Fahndung ausgeschrieben.

Einzelnachweise

Fernsehmoderator
Person im Bürgerkrieg in Libyen 2011
Libyer
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Frau

Hala Misrati


Type 63 je kineski višecijevni raketni lanser kalibra 107 mm. Riječ je o lanseru koji se sastoji od 12 cijevi postavljenih u tri niza od četiri cijevi. Namijenjen je pružanju vatrene podrške pješadiji na bojištu i to kroz izvođenje snažnih i iznenadnih vatrenih udara. Može ga se vući ili pak montirati na terenska i oklopna vozila.

Prednosti Type 63 su niska cijena proizvodnje, jednostavnost uporabe, velika mobilnost i mogućnost dostavljanja zrakom a mane ograničeni domet i vatrena moć te slaba preciznost.

Opis
Type 63 je razvijen krajem 1950-ih dok se početkom novog desetljeća započelo s njegovom proizvodnjom za potrebe domaće vojske. Kasnije se počeo izvoziti te proizvoditi na temelju licence diljem svijeta. Temeljen je na sovjetskom 140 mm lanseru BM-14 te je u Kini prihvaćen kao zamjena za starije šestocijevne lansere Type 427 i Type 488 (102 mm) koji su već ranije bili povučeni.

Raketni lanser se satoji od 12 cijevi te je izvorno ispaljivao nenavođene HE fragmentirajuće rakete Type 63-2 s bojevom glavom od 1,3 kg i ukupnom težinom od 18,8 kg. Kasnije su stvorene poboljšane rakete (Type 75 i Type 81) koje su zadržale izvornu težinu. Za padobranske i planinske jedinice razvijen je lakši model.

U vojsci se raspodjeljivao po pravilu od šest lansera po pješačkoj pukovniji ili 18 lansera po diviziji. Korišten je kao standardno topništvo u pješaštvu s ciljem osiguranja kratkotrajne i intenzivne vatrene moći.

Prema NATO-voj klasifikaciji Type 63 je imao naziv BM-12.

Inačice

Kineski raketni lanseri
Type 63: izvorna inačica.
Type 63-1: naprednija i lakša inačica.
Type 81: višecijevni raketni lanser montiran na oklopno vozilo.
Type 85: jednocijevni raketni lanser.

Licencne inačice
Haseb i Fadjr-1: iranske inačice.
RO 107: južnoafrička inačica.
TAKA-Y3: sudanska inačica koju proizvodi domaća vojna industrija Military Industry Corporation.
T-107: turska inačica.

Korisnici

: u službi kineske narodno-oslobodilačke armije Type 63 se koristio u velikom broju od samih početaka do kraja 1990-ih.
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: Type 63 je u vijetnamskoj vojsci nosio oznaku H12.
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Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
炮中AK47:中国63式107MM火箭炮(1)

Višecijevni raketni bacači
Kinesko raketno oružje

Type 63 (višecijevni raketni lanser)


بيرسي فايت  (7 أبريل 1908 في تورونتو، كندا - 9 فبراير 1976 في كاليفورنيا، الولايات المتحدة) كان قائد أوركسترا أمريكي، كندي الأصل.

قام بيرسي بتعليمه الموسيقي في تورونتو ودرس عند لويس وايزمان وفرانك ويلمان. أصبح قائد أوركسترا خاصة به عام 1931 ثم عمل لصالح سي بي سي/ إذاعة كندا كقائد أوركسترا أيضاً من عام 1938 إلى غاية 1940. بعدها وفي نفس السنة سافر إلى الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. ألف بيرسي موسيقى تصويرية لعدد من الأفلام مثل (Love Me or Leave Me) عام 1955، (Tammy Tell Me True) عام 1961، (The Love Goddesses) عام 1964 وغيرها من الأفلام.

الجوائز
 رُشح عام 1956 لجائزة الأوسكار في تصنيف أحسن موسيقى تصويرية لفيلم (Love Me or Leave Me؛1955).

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 سيرة ذاتية (باللغة الإنجليزية)
 صفحة خاصة عن حياة بيرسي فايت وأعماله الموسيقية

حائزون على جائزة غرامي
فنانو تسجيلات كولومبيا
قادة فرق كنديون
قادة فرق موسيقية ذكور
قادة فرق موسيقية ذكور أمريكيون
قادة فرق موسيقية كنديون
كنديون مهاجرون إلى الولايات المتحدة
مدفونون في مقبرة هيلسايد ميموريال بارك
ملحنون أمريكيون
ملحنون أمريكيون في القرن 20
ملحنون ذكور كنديون
ملحنون كنديون
ملحنون كنديون في القرن 20
ملحنون يهود
مواليد 1908
مواليد في تورونتو
موزعون أمريكيون (موسيقى)
موزعون موسيقيون أمريكيون
موزعون موسيقيون كنديون
موسيقيون ذكور أمريكيون في القرن 20
موسيقيون من تورونتو
وفيات 1976
وفيات السرطان في كاليفورنيا

بيرسي فايت