Zduhać, vjedogonja, vjetrovnjak, oblačar, gradobranitelj, viloviti, zmajeviti ili aloviti bio je u srpskoj narodnoj predanji čovjek s posebnim sposobnostima zaštiti svojega imanja, sela ili kraja od vremenskih nepogoda, kao što su oluja, tuča (grad) i obilne kiše. Njegovo djelovanje sastojalo se u sukobljavanju s demonima za koje se vjerovalo da donose prirodne katastrofe, ili u upotrebi posebnih magijskih obreda. Demonskim donosiocima nepogode smatrani su đavoli, ale, aždaje, orlovi, crne ptice, duše utopljenika i obješenjaka i dr. To su mogli biti i sami zaštitnici od nevremena koji su imali moć da upravljaju kretanjem olujnih i gradonosnih oblaka: odvodeći ih od svojih njiva, mogli su da ih navedu nad tuđe.

S donosiocima nepogode sukobljavali su se ljudi s urođenom sposobnošću da im u snu duša napusti tijelo, nakon čega se uznosila k oblacima kako bi u borbi porazio demone i odagnao nevrijeme. Duša bi se zatim vraćala u tijelo, a čovjek bi se budio znojav i umoran. Često je bilo vjerovanje da se ovakvi ljudi rađaju u košuljici. Takvi su bili zduhaći ili stuhe U Crnoj Gori, istočnoj Hercegovini, dijelu Bosne i Sandžaku, vjedogonje u dijelu Crne Gore, te zmajeviti i aloviti ljudi u istočnoj, središnjoj, južnoj Srbiji i Banatu. Najčešće su se borili zajedno zduhaći jednoga područja protiv tuđih zduhaća koji su navodili olujne i gradonosne oblake nad njihovom teritoriji. Poraz u ovoj borbi značio je gubitak poljske i stočne plodnosti svoga kraja, uz istovremeno prenošenje te plodnosti na područje pobjedničkih zduhaća. Zduhaći su mogli biti i neke domaće životinje. Vjedogonje su se za vjetrovitih dana tukle po planinama iščupanim drvećem, pa oni koji nadvladaju preotmu berićet poraženih. Zmajeviti i aloviti borili su se za svoje selo protiv ala, demona koji su predvodili oblake iznad njiva da bi uništili usjeve. Zmajevitim ljudima pripisivane su osobine zmajeva, mitskih bića koja su smatrana za neumoljive borce protiv ala; postojalo je i vjerovanje da se oni rađaju iz veze žene i zmaja.

Vjetrovnjaci, poznati u nekim dijelova zapadne Srbije, duhom su se sukobljavali s crnom pticom koja je dovodila stihiju nad polja njihovoga sela. U nekim se područjima, pak, vjerovalo da zaštitnici od nepogode tijelom uzlijeću k tmurnom nebu, bez napuštanja duše. To je bio slučaj s vilovitim ljudima u Dragačevu i nekim alovitima u Banatu. Nakon boja s demonima vraćali bi se kući umorni, izgrebani i izubijani. Oblačari iz Srijema nisu imali moć letenja, već su trčeći po ugroženom polju vodili borbu protiv aždaje, koja je leteći u tmurnim oblacima bljuvala grad po usjevima. Gradobranitelji iz Pocerine nisu se upuštali u ovakve bitke, nego su svoj kraj štitili posebnom magijom i obrednim tekstovima koje su naučili od nekoga starijega branioca. Njihovo djelovanje bilo je usmjereno kako na razbijanje gradonosnog oblaka, tako i na odvraćanje utopljenika, obješenjaka i đavola koji su ga dovodili nad usjeve. Tvrdilo se i za određene žene da svojim bajanjem mogu osigurati svoje selo od razorne stihije. Svi ovi zaštitnici su inače bili obični ljudi koji su normalno živjeli i radili u svojoj sredini kao i drugi, dok ne naiđe nevrijeme.

Donosioci nepogode
Vremenske nepogode kao što su oluja, tuča i obilne kiše mogle su za kratko vrijeme opustošiti njive, polja, voćnjake, vinograde, te dovesti u pitanje materijalnu osnovu ljudskoga postojanja. Vjerovalo se da ih izazivaju natprirodne sile, koje su predstavljane na različite načine. Bog pušta nepogodu na ljude određenoga područja kako bi ih kaznio zbog njihovih grijeha. Anđeli i neki sveci također kažnjavaju na ovaj način, ali i đavao je označavan donosiocem nevremena. Istaknuti predvodnik olujnih i gradonosnih oblaka u središnjoj, istočnoj, južnoj Srbiji i Banatu bio je demon ala (zvana i hala), dok se u Srijemu vjerovalo da aždaje, leteći kroz guste i strašne oblake, bljuju grad. Predvodnici oblaka također su zamišljani u obliku orlova i crnih ptica. Uloga donosioca nepogode davana je dušama utopljenika, obješenjaka, poginulih od groma, i uopće žrtava nesretnoga slučaja ili ubojstva. Živi ljudi kao što su popovi, vještice i oni koji su ovladali određenim magijskim vještinama mogli su navesti nevrijeme nad područje kojem su željeli nanijeti štetu. U Bukovici i Lici su smatrali da zli ljudi poslije smrti, pa i za života, idu pred gradom i navode ga na koje god hoće polje.

Narod je upućivao molitve Bogu i svecima da ih zaštite od ovih pošasti, ali je pribjegavao i magijskima postupcima. Bio je vrlo rasprostranjen postupak "rasijecanja" oblaka i grada sjekirom, kosom, srpom, motikom ili nožem. Kada bi primijetili približavanje gradonosnoga oblaka, seljaci bi izašli na dvorište mašući u njegovome smjeru nekim od ovih alata, ili bi ih postavili oštricom prema oblaku, a zabilježeno je i bacanje sjekire ili čekića u tome smjeru. Neki su tjerali tuču pucanjem iz prangija i pušaka. Također su pokušavali umilostiviti donosiocima nepogode, što se ogleda u običaju iznošenja stola s kruhom i solju na dvorište prilikom pojave prijetećih oblaka. U drugima postupcima ljudi su koristili predmete koji su prethodno korišteni u kalendarskim i obiteljskim svetkovinama i obredima, uzdajući se u zaštitno djelovanje sakralne sile kojom su zbog toga prožeti. Neke od postupaka obavljale su samo žene ili samo muškarci, a druge žene i muškarci zajedno. Rod izvršitelja postupka mogao je zavisiti od upotrebljenoga predmeta (npr. kosa se smatrala muškim, a srp ženskim oruđem), dok je u nekim slučajevima rod bio nebitan.

Većina ovih radnji bila je popraćena izgovaranjem obrednih tekstova, koji imaju posebnu semantiku, simboliku i strukturu. U njima su se seljaci obraćali oblaku, tuči, čudu, nečastivoj sili, ali, utopljenicima i obješenjacima (najčešće poimenično zazivajući nekoga takvoga iz svoga kraja), svetome Ivanu Krstitelju, svetom Savi, Jeremiji, Germanu i dr. Nastojali su da odvrate strašnog predvodnika oblaka od svojih polja, plašeći ga nečim još strašnijim što se navodno nalazi u njihovom selu; naprimjer: "Nazad, nazad, alo! 'Vamo je veća ala, čuvaj se!" ili "Ej, ne idi, čudo, na čudo! Imamo čudo golemo: ovamo je rodila đevojka đevojku, đevojku od devet godina! Ne idi, čudo, na čudo: imamo čudo golemo!" Često je bila prisutna predstava o gradonosnim oblacima kao o govedima, obično bijelim: "O Sava i Nevena! Vratite ta bela goveda! Ovamo im nema paše. Imamo samo pepela da im oči istjeramo!" Pri tome su u vjetar prosipali pepeo od žara na kome se za Božić pekla česnica. (Sava i Nevena su bili momak i djevojka koji su se zbog nesretne ljubavi utopili u Zapadnoj Moravi.) Kao predvodnici oblaka–goveda javljaju se također sveti Ivan i sveti Sava: "Sveti Savo, svoja goveda vrati iz našeg sela!"

Zaštitnici od nepogode

Kod Srba je bilo rašireno vjerovanje da postoje naročiti ljudi koji su u stanju zaštititi svoje imanje, selo ili kraj od destruktivnoga djelovanja stihije. Pojedinci, većinom odrasli muškarci, bili su poznati i priznati u svojoj okolini kao takvi. Njihove osobine i način djelovanja razlikovali su se od područja do područja.

U Crnoj Gori, istočnoj Hercegovini, dijelu Bosne i Sandžaku, čovjek čiji duh štiti svoj kraj od nepogode nazivan je zduhać i stuha, uz više mjesnih varijanti tih imena: s glasom h ili bez njega, s v umjesto h, s krajnjim ć ili bez njega, s č umjesto ć i dr. Ove imenice vjerojatno su izvedene od slavenskoga korijena duh, uz mogući utjecaj grčke riječi stihio (στοιχείο), koja znači "duh". Ta riječ potječe od starogrčkoga stoiheon (στοιχεῖον), čime su označavana četiri osnovna elementa prirode — zrak, voda, vatra i zemlja. U grčkoj narodnoj predaji, stihio je duh–zaštitnik sela ili područja koji se u zraku bori za dobrobit svog kraja protiv duhova iz drugih područja. Izraz stihio mogao je utjecati i posredno, preko grčke posuđenice u nekome predslavenskome balkanskome jeziku. Albanska riječ stuhi znači "oluja", a tako se zvao i ženski demon oluje.

Negdje se vjerovalo da se zduhaći rađaju u crvenoj, negdje u bijeloj košuljici, a dodatni uvjet mogao je biti da se to dogodi u izvjesni petak i u određeni sat. Kako bi se natprirodna moć ovakvoga djeteta sačuvala, košuljica se morala osušiti i brižljivo čuvati, kako bi mu bila predana kada odraste. On bi je otada uvijek držao uz sebe radi zaštite, naročito kad se bori kao zduhać, pri čemu je stalno morala biti skrivena od pogleda.

Djeca i žene mogli su biti zduhaći, ali to su najčešće bili odrasli muškarci. Po vanjskome izgledu uglavnom se nisu razlikovali od običnih ljudi, iako su se po nekim osobinama izdvajali od njih. Imali su izuzetno tvrd san, iz kojega ih je bilo veoma teško probuditi. Bili su sanjivi, sjetni, zamišljeni i ozbiljni, ali također natprosječno jaki, snalažljivi, izdržljivi u nevoljama i teškoćama. Pridavan im je junački karakter; voljeli su svoj kraj, štitili ga i borili se za njega. Doživljavani su kao blagodat i sreća svog kraja i doma. Ubrajani su među ljude bliske anđelima i svecima, s kojima su se često sastajali; nerijetko su smatrani za proroke. U Semberiji se vjerovalo da zduhaći znaju gatati gledajući u plećku i da mogu razgovarati sa stokom. Paštrovići su smatrali da oni čuju sve što se događa u svijetu. Ako bi netko stao zduhaću na nogu, čuo bi isto što i on. Po vjerovanju Kuča, zduhaći se odlikuju po tome što mogu daleko skočiti. Za neke povijesne ličnosti vjerovalo se da su bili zduhaći, između ostalih za Marka Miljanova i Petra I. Petrovića Njegoša. Jedan od najčuvenijih zduhaća bio je travar i vidovnjak Mato Glušac (1774. – 1870.) iz Korita kod Bileće u Istočnoj Hercegovini.

Spominjalo se da netko i primjenom određenih magijskih radnji može postati zduhać, iako se generalno vjerovalo da je to rezervirano samo za one koji su rođenjem predodređeni. Ova urođena sposobnost je bila cijenjena; međutim, zduhać se mogao predati u "đavolje kolo" i upotrebljavati svoje znanje i snagu po "đavoljem naputku". Takav zduhać se nakon smrti pretvarao u vampira. Postoji opis načina na koji je čovjek spreman da služi đavolu moga postati zduhać: "Kad ko hoće da bude stuha, treba za četrdeset dana da se ne umiva ni Bogu moli. Nakon četrdeset dana treba da otide na kakvu ravnicu, pa da okruži oko sebe krug i u taj krug sjedne. Do malo dođe đavo, pa ga pita hoće li u njegovu vojsku i u kakav će oblik da ga pretvori. On mu kaže [oblik] i đavo mu učini, i tako postane stuha."

Smatralo se da svaki kraj, pleme i bratstvo imaju svoje zduhaće, koji su se najčešće borili zajedno. Bili su ustrojeni kao vojska, predvođeni starješinom, a glavni neprijatelji bili su im zduhaći iz drugih područja. Cilj borbe bio je potući ove neprijateljske duhove i tako sačuvati svoj kraj od oluje i gradonosnih oblaka koje su donosili, a zatim tu stihiju navesti na njihovo područje. Poraz u ovoj borbi značio je gubitak poljske i stočne plodnosti svog kraja, uz istovremeno prenošenje te plodnosti na područje zduhaća koji su pobijedili. Zduhaći su se mogli udruživati na raznim razinama, više ili manje lokalnim. Tako su Kuči vjerovali da se bore zduhaći s njihove strane planinskog vijenca Komova protiv onih s druge strane tog vijenca. Bosanski su se borili protiv hercegovačkih, hercegovački protiv crnogorskih, a crnogorski udruženo protiv prekomorskih, tj. zduhaća s talijanske obale Jadrana.

Za Mata Glušca zabilježio je 1906. godine hercegovački pisac Radovan Perović, alijas Tunguz Nevesinjski, po sjećanju Stojana Kovačevića iz Srđevića kod Gacka: "I mlado i staro, i siromah i bogataš, i Srbi i Turci su ga uvažavali i rado dočekivali. Znali su da je jedan od vođa dobrih planinskih stuha i da onim zlim, primorskim, neće dozvoliti da mu u planinama preotmu godinu ili ma kakvu štetu učine." Perović također bilježi riječi zduhaća Živka Lažetića iz Dobrelja kod Gacka: "Kada ti se mi pobijemo sa rudinskijem (Rudine su u bilećkom kraju) stuhama, da vidiš čuda i belaja! Mi vazda njih nadbijemo, ako im primorske stuhe ne dođu u pomoć. A ako im dođu, mi pobjegnemo u najviše planine — samo da ih odmamimo da nam ne čine zlo po poljima!"

Bilješke
 Košuljica ili amnion je providna tanka zaštitna opna koja okružuje embrij u maternici. Dijete se ponekad rodi obavijeno ovom opnom, koja se lako odstrani bez ikakvih posljedica po djetetovo zdravlje.

Izvori

Slavenska mitologija

Zduhać


Martijn Franciscus Reuser (født 1. februar 1975 i Amsterdam, Holland) er en hollandsk tidligere fodboldspiller (midtbane), der spillede én kamp for Hollands landshold, en venskabskamp mod Ghana i oktober 1998.

På klubplan spillede Reuser i hjemlandet hos blandt andet Ajax, RKC Waalwijk og Willem II, og tilbagte også et par år i England hos Ipswich Town. Han spillede 50 Premier League-kampe i sin tid hos Ipswich. Hos Ajax var han med til at vinde fire hollandske mesterskaber og én pokaltitel.

Titler
Æresdivisionen
 1994, 1995, 1996 og 1998 med Ajax

KNVB Cup
 1998 med Ajax

Johan Cruijff Schaal
 1995 med Ajax

Intercontinental Cup
 1995 med Ajax

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Holland
Fodboldspillere fra AFC Ajax
Fodboldspillere fra Willem II Tilburg
Fodboldspillere fra NAC Breda
Fodboldspillere fra SBV Vitesse
Fodboldspillere fra RKC Waalwijk
Fodboldspillere fra Ipswich Town F.C.
Personer fra Amsterdam

Martijn Reuser


Clément Berthet (Pierre Bénite, França, 2 de agosto de 1997) é um ciclista profissional francês que compete com a equipa AG2R Citroën Team.

Palmarés
 Ainda não tem conseguido vitórias como profissional.

Equipas
  Team Delko (01.01.2021-31.07.2021)
  AG2R Citroën Team (01.08.2021-)

Referências

Ligações externas

Ciclistas da França

Clément Berthet


Klaus Weiß (* 2. Juli 1932 in Berlin; † 22. Februar 2009) war ein deutscher Bauingenieur für Geotechnik, der lange  Jahre die Degebo in Berlin leitete.

Leben
Weiß machte 1949 sein Abitur am Rheingau-Gymnasium in Berlin und machte danach eine Lehre als Stahlbau-Schlosser bei Krupp. 1952 bis 1958 studierte er Bauingenieurwesen an der TU Berlin mit dem Diplom-Abschluss in konstruktivem Ingenieurbau. Danach ging er zur Degebo unter Heinz Muhs, wo er sich der Geotechnik zuwandte. Unter anderem war er an der Neuauflage des Handbuchs für geotechnische Felduntersuchungen von Edgar Schultze und Muhs beteiligt. 1974 wurde er bei Schultze an der RWTH Aachen promoviert. 1976 wurde er als Nachfolger von Muhs Leiter der Degebo, was er bis zu seinem Ruhestand 1997 blieb. Er war als Sachverständiger an vielen Bauprojekten in Berlin und auch im arabischen  Raum beteiligt. Im Ruhestand zog er nach Bayern (Starnberg).

Bei der Degebo befasste er sich insbesondere mit dem Tragverhalten von Flachgründungen mit zahlreichen Großversuchen am Schwerbelastungskörper zum Grundbruch, was auch wesentlich Eingang in die entsprechende DIN 4017 fand. Ein weiteres Forschungsgebiet war das Tragverhalten bei der Herstellung mit Bentonit-Suspension gestützter Bohrpfähle.

Er war im Arbeitsausschuss Berechnungsverfahren der DGGT und zeitweise stellvertretender Vorsitzender des Normanausschusses Bau der DIN.

Einzelnachweise

Geotechniker
Deutscher
Geboren 1932
Gestorben 2009
Mann

Klaus Weiß (Bauingenieur)


Paul William Barry Marsden (born 18 March 1968) is a British writer, businessman and former politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Shrewsbury and Atcham from 1997 until 2005. He was most prominently known for his anti-war views and crossing the floor twice (the first to do so since Winston Churchill), from Labour to the Liberal Democrats in 2001 and returning to Labour in 2005. He instructed a solicitor in 2010 to begin action for phone hacking that allegedly took place back in 2003 by a newspaper. In 2012, Marsden was appointed to draft the parliamentary inquiry report into VIP security at the Olympic and Paralympic Games in London. Currently Marsden is Head of Business Intelligence at the construction company MWH Global.

Early life
Marsden was born in Frodsham in Cheshire to Thomas Darlington Marsden, a distribution manager and Labour councillor and Audrey Stott, a school teacher. He was educated at Helsby High School. Marsden completed a diploma in building studies at Mid-Cheshire College in 1986, but withdrew from completing a civil engineering degree after the first three years at Teesside Polytechnic in 1990. Studying part-time, he passed a diploma in management at the Open University and a diploma in business excellence at Newcastle College.

Before his political career, Marsden worked as a quality manager at Taylor Woodrow (1990–1994), a management consultant at NatWest Bank (1994–1996) and as a total quality facilitator at Mitel from 1996 until the general election in 1997.

Labour Member of Parliament
Marsden was elected as the first (and thus far only) Labour MP for Shrewsbury and Atcham at the 1997 general election with a swing of 11.4%; a seat which he held at the 2001 election with a further swing of 5.5%. At 29 years of age, he was one of the youngest MPs elected in 1997. He spoke in the Commons for the first time on 21 May 1997 and in an otherwise traditional maiden speech, joked prophetically about refusing to be intimidated by the Whips. He was nominated to serve on the Agriculture Select Committee and remained for four years quietly serving on the committee.

On 14 April 1999, Marsden introduced the Cancer Care Bill with backing from cancer charities including Macmillan Cancer Support, under the Ten Minute Rule that would create the first comprehensive directory of cancer services in the UK to aid patients in identifying the location and type of cancer care available. The Bill prompted Ruth Fermor Allan to create such a directory called Cancer Care 2000, which was published by Cambridge Healthcare Publishing Ltd in November 2000.

In March 2001, Marsden with cross party support put forward a Doorstep Recycling Bill, mandating the collection of recyclable materials from streets. The Bill was backed by Friends of the Earth. The Bill did not succeed that year but the Government eventually backed a similar Bill by Joan Ruddock and the Municipal Waste Recycling Bill was passed in October 2003, increasing the levels of recycling of residential waste.

After a first term loyally supporting the Government, Marsden began to question the Labour Government's foreign policy following 9/11. On 8 October 2001, he was the first MP in the Commons to publicly call for a vote on any military action in Afghanistan. Marsden took to sitting in Tony Benn's former Commons seat below the gangway on the second row from the back. Two weeks later, Marsden was instructed to attend a meeting with the Labour Chief Whip, Hilary Armstrong. As Jeremy Paxman wrote, "the Labour MP Paul Marsden took the unprecedented step of recording the dressing-down", where he said that he had been confronted with accusations that "those aren't with us are against us," "war is not a matter of conscience" and "it was people like you who appeased Hitler in 1938", infuriating Marsden to going public.

Tony Benn described in his diary that "The pressure on the anti-war MPs is growing. Apparently Paul Marsden had three-quarters-of-an-hour being bullied by the Chief Whip, Hilary Armstrong."
Number 10 were forced to put out a statement that dissenting backbenchers would be allowed to speak out on the war. The Guardian in its Leader praised Marsden for having called for a vote on the war and publishing the Chief Whip's response to it and stated, "On both counts he has done British democracy a service."

Undeterred by the Whip's criticism, Marsden then spoke out against the press officer Jo Moore who had said, that 9/11 was "a very good day to get out anything we want to bury"; he and Tam Dalyell were the only two Labour MPs to vote against the Government.

In November 2001, Marsden visited Pakistan and the Afghan border to highlight the plight of Afghan refugees living in camps who had fled the war. Marsden also negotiated the release of Sunday Telegraph journalist Christina Lamb and photographer Justin Sutcliffe, who had been arrested and held by the Pakistan Police and Inter-Services Intelligence secret service. Christina Lamb thanked Marsden in the acknowledgements of her biographical book, The Sewing Circles of Herat, "Paul Marsden MP for Shrewsbury, helped rescue us from the ISI, being manhandled by Baluchistan police in the process, and kindly rearranged his whole schedule to stay in Pakistan until we were safely out."

On 18 November 2001, Marsden was one of the leaders of the Stop the War demonstration against the war in Afghanistan in London. Marsden was one of the principal speakers along with Tony Benn and George Galloway in Trafalgar Square with 100,000 protesters. He accused Blair of being "drunk with power" and "we are not simply going to allow the atrocities of September 11 to be replaced with further atrocities in Afghanistan".

Marsden complained bitterly that he had been subjected to late night physical attacks by some Labour Whips, which were vigorously denied. Five days later, he defected to the Liberal Democrats on 10 December 2001, citing his disagreements with Labour whips over his opposition to military action in Afghanistan and the resulting civilian casualties. The Big Issue magazine's readers voted Marsden 'Hero of the Year' in 2001 for his opposition to the war in Afghanistan.

Liberal Democrat MP and spokesperson
In May 2002, Marsden was promoted to junior Health spokesperson for the Liberal Democrats reporting to Evan Harris, in charge of a portfolio covering mental health, prison health and aspects of cancer care.

In June 2002, Marsden presented the Prescriptions (Chronic Diseases) Bill, which aimed to introduce a fairer system for issuing prescriptions' exemptions for patients with acute conditions. Although the Bill received cross party support it ran out of parliamentary time before the summer recess. The Bill received backing from the Cystic Fibrosis Trust and the National Asthma Campaign.

In August 2002 he visited Malawi to turn the media spotlight on the southern African famine and later he travelled to Johannesburg to lobby the United Nations conference discussing the famine affecting Southern Africa. His accusations that the failures of the International Monetary Fund had exacerbated the famine caused a public argument with the IMF Director.

In February 2003, prior to the Iraq War, he visited the USA to give a speaking tour opposing the impending war and laid a Union flag and wreath in commemoration of the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks at Ground Zero. He also attended the United Nations Security Council session considering the looming war on 14 February. Marsden strongly opposed the war in Iraq and repeatedly voted for an inquiry into the alleged intelligence failings and concerns that parliament was misled.

On the second anniversary of 9/11, he visited the Slobodan Milosevic trial in The Hague and met with prosecution lawyers at the International Criminal Court.

Marsden was declared the leading rebel on all parliamentary votes by The Times in 2003.

In October 2003, Marsden was appointed the number two behind John Thurso as Transport spokesperson for the Liberal Democrats and nominated as a member of the Transport Select Committee.

In April 2004, Marsden set the fifth fastest time for MPs completing the London Marathon out of forty two that have taken part since it began in 1981, with a time of 3 hours 18 minutes 1 second.

On 26 August 2004, Marsden became one of only twenty cross party MPs to back the Impeach Blair campaign with the aim of holding Blair to account over the highly controversial war in Iraq. The campaign used legal counsel for advice but was unable to secure enough support for progressing the impeachment in parliament.

Announces retirement as MP and rejoins Labour
In July 2004 Marsden announced that he was retiring from politics and would not contest the May 2005 general election. He cited the toll suffered as a result of admissions about his private life and the effects on his family. He reduced his Liberal Democrat political duties and on 5 April 2005, within hours of the start of the election campaign, Marsden announced his intention to rejoin the Labour Party, stating that although he still disagreed with the government over the war and levels of investment in public services, he did not want Labour MPs, who shared his views, to lose their seats. He later apologised to Liberal Democrat supporters for leaving the party. He was the first British politician since Winston Churchill to re-cross the floor of the House of Commons and return to his original party, in Marsden's case to sit on the Labour benches.

During his Parliamentary career Marsden raised over £10K for local and international charities through sponsored marathon running, abseiling and swimming.

In the 2005 general election the Conservative, Daniel Kawczynski won back the Shrewsbury and Atcham seat from the subsequent Labour candidate, Michael Ion.

Expenses
Although MPs expenses were published after Marsden had left parliament, expenses claims were backdated to the time when he was a sitting MP. Sir Thomas Legg gave Marsden a clean bill of health and reported that he was one of only a minority of MPs and ex-MPs with "no issues".

Post-Parliamentary career
Before retiring from politics, Marsden co-authored the book Voices for Peace published by Simon & Schuster in 2001. Four years later he researched and published a local history book, The Blackfriars of Shrewsbury and returned to business consultancy in 2005.  He also wrote more anti-war poetry.

In December 2005, Marsden caused a row when he publicly confirmed Charles Kennedy's drinking problems and that Kennedy had not been telling the truth about his illness. Kennedy's press secretary vehemently denied Marsden's story. However, by 5 January 2006, Kennedy admitted he had "a drink problem" and had sought "professional help". He resigned two days later as leader.

In 2007, Marsden was appointed Director of Policy at the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection and between 2008 and 2010 was the CEO of the Painting and Decorating Association.

In May 2009, Marsden applied to rejoin the Labour Party but was provisionally blocked by the National Executive and is not presently a member of any political party.

In September 2010, Marsden's war poem, Eighty at Ligny was used in l'exposition historique for the British World War I war cemetery in memory of the eighty British, Irish and Canadian soldiers who are buried in Ligny-sur-Canche. In 2010, Marsden returned to business consultancy, working as a consultant for a trade conference.

In January 2011, it was reported that Marsden had commenced legal enquiries into allegations of hacking into his phone back in 2003. A suspended reporter who worked at the Sunday Mirror and then the News of the World was claimed to be involved. A Channel 4 Dispatches programme interviewed Marsden and it was revealed that the reporter in question, had been suspended for phone hacking, although he denied it. It was the first time that a newspaper other than the News of the World had been cited in connection with allegations of phone hacking.

In May 2011, Marsden wrote on his Blog, www.paulwbmarsden.blogspot.com, an article about the debate on public interest vs privacy in which he mentioned the allegations that Ryan Giggs was the footballer who had taken out a super injunction against Imogen Thomas. His Blog was written before John Hemming revealed the Manchester United player's name under parliamentary privilege.

In July 2012, Marsden was appointed as a consultant to the All Party Parliamentary Group on Specialist Security and was employed to draft the inquiry report on VIP Security at the Olympic and Paralympic Games in London.

In 2019 Marsden joined the TransPennine Route Upgrade Alliance as Business Systems Manager.

References

External links
 Paul Marsden's Blog
 Paul Marsden MPs website
 Paul Marsden Public Whip voting record
 Guardian Politics Ask Aristotle Paul Marsden
 BBC Profile of Paul Marsden
 Record in Parliament for Paul Marsden
 Paul Marsden on Twitter
 Hansard 1803–2005: Contributions in Parliament by Paul Marsden

1968 births
English Anglicans
Living people
Liberal Democrats (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
People from Frodsham
Politics of Shropshire
Alumni of Teesside University
Alumni of the Open University
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Shropshire

Paul Marsden


Latouchia rufa est une espèce d'araignées mygalomorphes de la famille des Halonoproctidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique du Guangdong en Chine. Elle se rencontre dans le district de Luohu.

Description
Le mâle holotype mesure  et la femelle paratype .

Publication originale
 Zhang & Wang, 2021 : « Two new species of the genus Latouchia Pocock, 1901 from southeast China (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Halonoproctidae). » Biodiversity Data Journal, , , .

Liens externes

Notes et références

Halonoproctidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique du Guangdong

Latouchia rufa


An Habenaria vatia in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni David Lloyd Jones. An Habenaria vatia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Habenaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Queensland. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Habenaria

Habenaria vatia


Blythe est une ville américaine située dans les comtés de Richmond et de Burke, en Géorgie. Selon le recensement de 2020, sa population est de .

Liens externes

Municipalité en Géorgie (États-Unis)
Comté de Richmond (Géorgie)
Comté de Burke (Géorgie)

Blythe (Géorgie)


Ein Floppy-Disk-Controller (abgekürzt FDC) ist ein spezieller integrierter Schaltkreis (IC), welcher zur Ansteuerung von Diskettenlaufwerken (FDD) und zum Lesen und Schreiben von Daten auf Disketten dient. Durch die zunehmende Verbreitung der Personal Computer in den 1980er und 1990er Jahren, und die damals zum Datenaustausch üblichen Diskettenlaufwerke, fanden Floppy-Disk-Controller zunächst auf eigenen Steckkarten und später direkt auf der Hauptplatine untergebracht, weite Verbreitung.

Die primär im PC-Bereich eingesetzten Floppy-Disk-Controller entsprachen dem von Western Digital hergestellten integrierten Schaltkreis FD1771 (WD1771) in einem 40 poligen Dual-In-Line Chipgehäuse, welcher 1976 vorgestellt wurde und in den Folgejahren von verschiedenen Herstellern und in mehreren Varianten hergestellt wurde. Der FD1771 wurde am 19. Juli 1976 zu einem Einzelstückpreis von 60 US-$ bei Abnahme von 100 Stück verkauft. Kompatible und im Funktionsumfang erweiterte Controller erschienen in den Folgejahren, unter anderem der µPD765 von der NEC Corporation und die Derivate i8072A und i8272A von Intel. Zur Zeit des Kalten Krieges existierten auch sowjetische Nachbauten unter der Bezeichnung КР1818ВГ93.

Funktionen

Floppy-Disk-Controller vom Typ WD1771 und deren Nachbauten können bis zu vier Diskettenlaufwerke ansteuern. Zur Verbindung mit dem Hauptprozessor besitzt er einen Systembus, welcher bei PC-Systemen direkt mit dem damals üblichen ISA-Bus verbunden werden kann. Der eigentliche Datentransfer erfolgt über einen DMA-Kanal in Kombination mit einem Interrupt, wobei je nach Diskettenformat und Schreibdichte unterschiedliche Bitraten bis 500 kBit/s möglich sind. Zusätzlich zu den Floppy-Disk-Controllern befanden sich auf den ersten ISA-Steckkarten noch zusätzliche Steuerlogiken und Leitungstreiber, welche in den späteren Nachbauten teilweise in den FDC, und in Folge in den Chipsatz der Hauptplatine integriert wurden.

Die Aufgaben des FDC sind unter anderem:

 Umsetzung der zu schreibenden Daten für die magnetische Aufzeichnung. Dabei werden Codierungsverfahren wie Digitale Frequenzmodulation (FM), Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM) oder Group Coded Recording (GCR) angewandt.
 Die Low-Level-Formatierung neuer Disketten. Dabei werden auf den magnetischen Speicher Synchronisationsdaten für das spätere Lesen geschrieben.
 Beim Lesen von Daten erfolgt neben der Decodierung eine Synchronisation der einzelnen Sektoren im FDC mittels Phasenregelschleifen (PLL).
 Fehlerkorrekturverfahren und Fehlererkennungsverfahren mittels zyklischer Redundanzprüfung (CRC).
 Steuerung der Laufwerksmechanik wie dem Bewegen des Schreib- und Lesekopfes über einen Schrittmotor im Laufwerk, um so eine bestimmte Spur anzufahren. Weiters das Ein- und Ausschalten des Antriebsmotors.

Erweiterte Funktionen, welche in manchen Floppy-Disk-Controllern vorhanden sind, sind unter anderem die  um die innen gelegenen Spuren mit geringerem Umfang mit einer höheren magnetischen Flussdichte zu beschreiben.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Datenblätter zum Typ "D8272", "FD1771" und "µPD765" kompatiblen Floppy-Disk-Controllern

Hardware
Integrierter Schaltkreis
Rechnerarchitektur

Floppy-Disk-Controller


Johann Jakob von Wunsch, né Wünsch (né le  à Heidenheim et mort le  à Prenzlau) est un général d'infanterie prussien.

Biographie
Son père est fourreur à Heidenheim. Son grand-père Johann Georg Wünsch est également citoyen et maître fourreur de Heidenheim vers 1680. Il peut se permettre de laisser son fils s'entraîner à l'école des cadets. Il est initialement au service du Wurtemberg. Son régiment combat alors pour l'Autriche dans les Balkans contre les Turcs. Entre 1737 et 1739, il participe aux batailles de Banjaluka, Kornia, Meadia, Kruzla et Panczowa. En 1739, il devient lieutenant mais sans perspective de promotion. Il entre donc au service bavarois dans le régiment de hussards Frangipani (comme le futur général Nikolaus von Luckner). Dans le cadre de la guerre de Succession d'Autriche, le régiment est envoyé en Hollande en 1745, où il prend part aux batailles de Rocourt et de Lauffeld. Après la paix de 1748, il séjourne d'abord en Hollande.

Au début de la guerre de Sept Ans en 1756, il relève de l'armée prussienne et devient lieutenant-colonel dans le bataillon libre . Il propose de nombreuses améliorations dans l'organisation de l'armée et sait également se distinguer militairement.

Il attire l'attention d'Henri de Prusse et obtient de son frère, le roi Frédéric II, en 1758 l'autorisation de constituer leur propre corps franc à Halberstadt.

Celui-ci est combiné avec deux autres bataillons libres en juillet 1759, maintenant avec le désir de colonel. Dès le 10 août 1759, il est promu major général et dès le 12 août 1759, il doit faire ses preuves ; après la défaite de Kunersdorf, son corps est l'un des derniers opérationnels, et il est donc chargé de couvrir la retraite de l'armée vaincue et de protéger Berlin des Autrichiens. Il marche ensuite en Saxe avec 10 000 à 12 000 hommes.

Le 28 août 1759, il occupe Wittemberg, le 31 août Torgau et vainc les Autrichiens sous les ordres de Daniel Friedrich  le 8 septembre à Torgau, le 13 septembre il chasse les Français de Leipzig et le 29 octobre, il bat le général Josef von Brentano à Kemberg. Pour cela, il reçoit l'Ordre Pour le Mérite. Le 20 novembre 1759, il est pris au piège avec neuf autres généraux dans une bataille de Maxen. Le général commandant von Finck se rend pendant que Wunsch tente une évasion et est capturé dans l'action.

Après la guerre, en 1763, von Zieten est traduit en cour martiale pour la capitulation. Tous les généraux sauf Wunsch sont condamnés. Il reçoit le  d'infanterie von Finck. En 1771, Frédéric II le nomme lieutenant général. Le général participe à la guerre de Succession de Bavière (1778/79) et est promu General der Infanterie en 1787. Le nouveau roi Frédéric-Guillaume  lui décerne le 22 mai 1787 l'Ordre de l'Aigle noir et l'anoblit par la même occasion.

Franz Kasimir von Kleist (1736-1808) lui succède en tant que commandant du  d'infanterie.

Le prince Henri de Prusse lui dédie une plaque sur son obélisque de Rheinsberg.

Famille
Il est marié à Joséphine le Roi. Ils ont un fils.

Bibliographie
 Anton Balthasar König: Johann Jakob von Wunsch. In: Biographisches Lexikon aller Helden und Militairpersonen, welche sich in Preußischen Diensten berühmt gemacht haben. Band 4. Arnold Wever, Berlin 1791, S. 283 (Johann Jakob von Wunsch bei Wikisource [PDF]).
 Eduard Lange: Die Soldaten Friedrich's des Grossen, Leipzig 1853, S. 424; .
 George Adalbert von Mülverstedt: Vom General v. Wunsch. In: Der Deutsche Herold, Band 35, 1904, S. 121–122

 Albert Pfister: Drei Schwaben in fremden Kriegsdiensten. Graf Harsch. Herwarth von Bittenfeld. Joh. Jak. Wunsch. In: Württembergische Neujahrsblätter, 12, 1895, S. 33–50.
 Kurt von Priesdorff: Soldatisches Führertum. Band 1. Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, o. O. [Hamburg], o. J. [1937], DNB 367632764, S. 497–500, Nr. 510.
 Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch: Neues preussisches Adelslexicon, Leipzig 1837, Band 4, S. 358; .
 Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch: Pantheon des preussischen Heeres. Berlin 1835, S. 91 (Digitalisat)
 Wunsch, Johann Jakob. In: Universal-Lexikon der Gegenwart und Vergangenheit. 4., umgearb. und stark vermehrte Auflage, Band 19: Weck–Zz und Nachträge, Eigenverlag, Altenburg 1865, S. 385–386.

Références

Liens externes

Général prussien
Militaire prussien de la guerre de Sept Ans
Récipiendaire de l'ordre de l'Aigle noir
Récipiendaire de la croix Pour le Mérite (ordre militaire)
Naissance en décembre 1717
Naissance à Heidenheim an der Brenz
Naissance dans le duché de Wurtemberg
Décès en octobre 1788
Décès dans le Brandebourg
Décès dans la marche de Brandebourg
Décès à 70 ans
Militaire prussien de la guerre de Succession de Bavière

Johann Jakob von Wunsch


De, (Д - д) Latin Abecesi'ndeki D'ye eşdeğer Kiril Alfabesi harfi.

Örneğin;

Rusça : Дания : Daniya (Danimarka)

Rusça : Дезодорант : Dezodorant (Deodorant)

Д

Д


El castillo Shmemis (en árabe: قلعة شميميس), también conocido ash-Shmemis o ash-Shmamis es una fortificación ubicada a 5 kilómetros al noroeste de Salamíe, y a 30 kilómetros al sur de Hama, Siria. Se cree que las ruinas del castillo fueron visibles en el período o dinastía ayubí (1171-1250).

La edificación Shmemis fue construido por primera vez, en la cima de un volcán extinguido, en el  por Sampsiceramus I, el primer Rey sacerdote de la familia real de Emesa. La mayor parte de la estructura original fue destruida por un terremoto. Más tarde fue nuevamente destruida por el rey persa Cosroes II en el año 613. Fue reconstruido después de la expulsión de los mongoles y tártaros de Siria. Actualmente, el castillo se encuentra en ruinas, con paredes parcialmente conservadas.

Desde la distancia, se pueden observar las paredes de roca ubicadas verticalmente. Fueron construidas de forma estratégica utilizando piedras sillares y de basaltos junto con yeso. Desde la muralla del castillo exterior sólo quedan pequeños unos cuantos restos de la edificación. Una característica especial del castillo, es una cisterna profunda que muestra una fosa con cinco metros de diámetro golpeada en la parte sur.

Posición
Schmemis se encuentra aproximadamente a unos 25 kilómetros al sureste de Hama, en el borde del desierto sirio y se proyecta a unos 636 metros de altura del volcán. Las ruinas de Salamíe se encuentran a 5 kilómetros de la ciudad, y hacia el final de Hama se puede llegar por medio de una calle pavimentada, en una ramificación hacia el norte. Se encuentran campos de trigo, al pie de la colina rocosa.

Galería

Véase también
 Castillo
 Fortificación
 Fortín

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Norman N. Lewis: Nomads and settlers in Syria and Jordan, 1800–1980. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1987, S. 60–62.

Enlaces externos
 Página con información del castillo (en alemán)

Castillos de Siria
Ruinas de Siria
Arquitectura de Siria del siglo XII
Arquitectura de Siria del siglo I

Shmemis


Kgalagadi is a district in southwest Botswana, lying along the country's border with Namibia and South Africa. The administrative center is Tsabong. The district of Kgalagadi covers a large part of the Kalahari Desert. It has a total area of 105,200 km² and has a population of 42,000 (2001). More than one-third of the district is covered by the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, which extends into South Africa, and which is a major tourist attraction.

As of 2011, the total population of the district was 50,492 (compared to 42,049 in 2001). The growth rate of population during the decade was 1.85. Kgalagadi's population represents 2.49 per cent of the total population of Botswana. The majority of employees (in 2011 there were 10,530 people in work) were working within the transport & communication and public administration sectors. The district is administered by a district administration and district council.

Geography

Kgalagadi borders Omaheke Region, Namibia in the northwest, Hardap Region, Namibia in the southwest, Northern Cape Province, South Africa in the south, North West Province, South Africa in the southeast and domestically, Ghanzi District in the north, Kweneng District in the northeast, and Southern District in the east. Kgalagadi means "land of the thirst". The largest settlement in the district is Tsabong, which had a population of 8939 in 2011 census while Hukuntsi and Kang had 4654 and 5985, respectively. Most part of Botswana has tableland slopes sliding from east to west. The region has an average elevation of around  above the mean sea level. The vegetation type is Savannah, with tall grasses, bushes and trees. The annual precipitation is around , most of which is received during the summer season from November to May. Most of the rivers in the region are seasonal, with Limpopo River, which are prone to flash floods, being the most prominent. The tourist and game reserves in the region are Ghanzi, Central Kalahari Game Reserve, Deception Valley, Ghanzi Craft, Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khutse Game Reserve and Kuru Museum and Cultural Centre.

Demographics

As of 2011, the total population of the district was 50,492 compared to 42,049 in 2001. The growth rate of population during the decade was 1.85. The population in the district was 2.49 per cent of the total population in the country. The sex ratio stood at 101.78 for every 100 males, compared to 101.18 in 2001. The average house hold size was 3.12 in 2011 compared to 4.31 in 2001. There were 1,576 craft and related workers, 628 clerks, 4,039 people working in elementary occupation 256 legislators, administrators and managers 614 Plant & machine operators and assemblers, 266 professionals, 1,278 service workers, shop and market sales workers, 1,309 skilled agricultural and related workers 771 technicians and associated professionals, making the total work force to 10,770.

Economy and education
As of 2011, there were a total of 41 schools in the district, with no private schools. The total number of  students in the Council schools was 8,869 while there were none in private schools. The total number of students enrolled in the district was 8,869: 4,211 girls and 4,658 boys. The total number of qualified teachers was 445, 315 female and 130 male. There were around 23 temporary teachers, 10 male and 13 female. There were no untrained teachers in the district.

As of 2006, 3,353 were involved in agriculture, 294 in construction, 774 in education, 86 in electricity and water, 32 in finance, 344 in health, 375 in hotels and restaurants, 413 in manufacturing, 91 in other community services, 842 in private households, 1,880 in public administration, 195 in real estate, 65 in  transport and communications, 1,786 in wholesale and retail trade. The total number of workers was 10,530: 6,334 male and 4,195 female.

Administration
Botswana gained independence from the British in 1966 and adapted the colonial administration framework to form its district administration. The policies were modified during 1970-74 to address some of the basic issues. The district is administered by a district administration and district council which are responsible for local administration. The policies for the administration are framed by the Ministry of Local Government. The major activities of the council are Tribal Administration, Remote Area Development and Local Governance. The executive powers of the council are vested on a commissioner appointed by the central government. Technical services wing of the Department of Local Government is responsible for developing roads, infrastructure in villages like water supply, schools and recreational facilities. All the staff of the local administration expect District Administration are selected via Unified Local Government Services (ULGS) and the Ministry of Local Government is responsible for their training, deployment and career development.

Sub-districts and Villages

Kgalagadi consists of 2 sub-districts, namely:

These sub-districts are further subdivided into 35 villages.
 Tshabong has the following villages: Bogogobo, Bokspits, Bray, Gachibana, Khisa, Khuis, Khwawa, Kokotsha, Kolonkwane, Makopong, Maleshe, Maralaleng, Maubelo, Middlepits, Omaweneno, Phepheng (Draaihoek), Rapples Pan, Struizendam, Tsabong, Vaalhoek, Werda.
 Hukuntsi has the following villages: Hukuntsi, Hunhukwe, Inalegolo, Kang, Lehututu, Lokgwabe, Make, Monong, Ncaang, Ngwatle, Phuduhudu, Tshane, Ukwi, Zutswa.

See also
Sub-districts of Botswana

References

Districts of Botswana

Kgalagadi District


Xilidina puede referirse a cualquiera de los seis isómeros de la amina del xileno  , o cualquier mezcla de ellos. Todos los isómeros son tóxicos.

La fórmula química de Xilidinas es C8H11N, o (CH3)2C6H3NH2. Son estables y combustible y reaccionan con agentes oxidantes fuertes. Pueden ser sensibles a la luz. El número de registro CAS de la mezcla de isómeros es [1300-73-8]. Por lo general son líquidos amarillo (con excepción de 3,4-xilidina que es sólido) que se oscurecen al ser expuestos al aire y la luz. Son miscibles con etanol y éter dietílico y poco soluble en agua.

Xilidinas se producen como subproductos de la destilación fraccionada del alquitrán de hulla.

Sus frases de riesgo y seguridad R20  R22  R36  R37  R38  .

Xilidinas se utilizan principalmente en la producción de pigmentos y colorantes , así como diversos antioxidantes , productos agroquímicos, productos farmacéuticos, y otros muchos productos químicos orgánicos.

Xilidinas también se utilizan como un componente del combustible para cohetes Tonka.

2,3-xilidina

2,4-xilidina

2,5-xilidina

2,6-xilidina

3,4-xilidina

3,5-xilidina

Aminas

Xilidina


Bruno Bucher ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Bruno Bucher (Kunsthistoriker) (1826–1899), deutscher Kunstschriftsteller und Museumsdirektor in Wien
 Bruno Bucher (Politiker) (* 1955), Schweizer Autor und Manager

Bruno Bucher


الهولميوم عنصر كيميائي له الرمز Ho والعدد الذري 67 في الجدول الدوري وهو من اللانثانيدات ويعتبر عنصر أرضي نادر. تم اكتشاف الهولميوم من قبل الكيميائي السويدي بير تيودور كليفه. تم عزل أول أكسيد الهولميوم لأول مرة من خامات الأتربة النادرة في عام 1878. أتى اسم العنصر من هولميا Holmia، وهو الاسم اللاتيني لمدينة ستوكهولم.

انظر أيضًا
 لانثانيدات

مراجع

عناصر كيميائية
لانثانيدات
مختزلات
مواد مغناطيسية حديدية

هولميوم


Općinska nogometna liga Slavonska Požega je predstavljala pretposljednji rang natjecanja, odnosno ligu šestog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva SFRJ u sezoni 1986./87. Sudjelovalo je 12 klubova, a prvenstvo se igralo dvokružno. Prvak općinske lige, NK Dinamo Vidovci – Dervišaga, se nije kvalificirao u Međuopćinsku ligu – Jug, a NK Sloga Trenkovo, NK Partizan Ovačare i NK Parasan Golobrdci su ispali u 1. razrednu ligu.

Tablica

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Međuopćinska liga – Jug 1986./87.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 Nikola Brekalo, Ivica Šulc, Stjepan Marković: 80 godina nogometa u Jakšiću (1932. – 2012.), Jakšić, 2012.

1986-87
1986-87 Slavonska Požega
Slavonska Požega

Općinska nogometna liga Slavonska Požega 1986./87.


(en français Nain Tracassin) est un film allemand réalisé par  sorti en 1955.

Il s'agit d'une adaptation du conte par les frères Grimm.

Synopsis

Un jour, alors que la fille du meunier Marie est dans les bois, le nain Tracassin s'assure que le jeune prince, qui est à la chasse, tombe inconscient de son cheval dans l'herbe, où Marie le retrouve. Lorsqu'elle veut l'aider, le petit homme de la forêt se révèle à la jeune femme. L'esprit de la forêt explique à Marie perplexe qu'il n'apparaît que pour aider ou punir. Interrogé par Marie, il admet qu'il est responsable de la misère du prince. Il n'a pas insisté sur le fait qu'on n'avait pas le droit de chasser le dimanche. Lorsque le prince rouvre les yeux, Tracassin a disparu. Il se présente à Marie comme Max et elle suppose qu'il est un chasseur.

Le vieux roi préfère s'occuper du jardin de son château plutôt que de gouverner. Il a perdu la trace des finances de l'État il y a longtemps. Le maigre trésorier et le gros maréchal de la cour harcèlent le roi pour que le prince épouse la reine Amalie, deux fois son âge, qui est très riche et accepterait volontiers sa proposition. Le prince, cependant, dit à son père qu'il choisira une fille parmi le peuple et qu'il en a probablement déjà trouvé une.

Le meunier Mehlsack pense que sa fille est très spéciale et se vante que Marie peut transformer la paille en or. Comme le roi pourrait vraiment utiliser l'or à cause de ses finances en faillite, le souverain emmène Marie dans son château pour voir si le père de Marie disait la vérité. Une chambre pleine de paille attend Marie, d'où elle aurait filé de l'or le lendemain matin. Dans sa détresse, Marie appelle le seigneur de la forêt qui vient de lui proposer son aide. En échange, Marie doit lui donner sa bague, souvenir de sa mère décédée.

Le trésorier et le maréchal de la cour sont particulièrement enthousiastes et persuadent le roi de demander à Marie de transformer plus de paille en or. La fille du meunier est à nouveau enfermée dans la chambre avec de la paille, qu'elle est censée filer en or le matin. Cette nuit aussi, Marie est aidée par la petite créature naine ; cette fois, elle lui donne son dernier souvenir de sa mère, sa chaîne en or. Cependant, les courtisans n'en ont toujours pas assez et convainquent le roi de garder Marie captive dans la chambre pour une autre nuit, où elle est censée transformer à nouveau la paille en or. Le roi assure Marie qu'elle pourra alors épouser son fils, le prince. Marie doit se plier à sa volonté, mais précise qu'elle ne veut pas du tout du fils du roi, juste du chasseur Max. Cette fois, le petit homme de la forêt lui fait promettre de lui donner son premier enfant qu'elle aura avec le fils du roi. Marie accepte innocemment cet accord, persuadée qu'elle n'épousera jamais le fils du roi, car elle aime le chasseur Max.

Le roi tient sa promesse : le fils du roi et la fille du meunier se marient, le vieux roi abdique en faveur de son fils. Lorsque Marie accouche de son premier enfant, le seigneur de la forêt apparaît et lui rappelle la promesse qu'elle lui a faite. En aucun cas, Marie ne veut lui laisser son enfant et se voit accorder un sursis de trois jours. Pendant ce temps, elle doit découvrir le nom du petit homme de la forêt, ce n'est qu'alors qu'elle pourra garder son enfant. Elle demande maintenant partout et se fait livrer des tonnes de noms. Après deux nuits où elle n'a pas pu dire son nom au petit homme de la forêt, Marie avoue tout à son mari, qui l'encourage et dit qu'ils trouveront le nom. Lorsque la troisième nuit tombe, le petit homme de la forêt réapparaît. La jeune reine fait remarquer qu'il lui reste encore une heure avant minuit et que tous ceux qu'elle a envoyés ne sont pas revenus. À ce moment la porte s'ouvre, le jeune roi apparaît et murmure un nom à l'oreille de sa femme, car il a vu et entendu l'esprit de la forêt danser autour du feu et crier :  Quand Marie mentionne ce nom, le nain répond que le diable le lui a chuchoté et que depuis que les gens connaissent son nom, il ne veut plus vivre parmi eux.

Fiche technique
 Titre :
 Réalisation :
 Scénario : Christof Schulz-Gellen
 Musique :
 Directeur artistique : Alfred Bustow
 Photographie :
 Montage : Lisa Thiemann
 Production : , Hubert Schonger
 Société de production : Förster Film
 Pays d'origine :
 Langue : allemand
 Format : Couleur - 1,37:1 - Mono -
 Genre : Film pour enfants
 Durée :
 Dates de sortie :
  : .
  : .

Distribution
 Liane Croon : Marie, la fille du meunier
  : le nain Tricassin
 Günter Hertel : le prince Max
  : Mehlsack, le meunier
 F. W. Schröder-Schrom : le roi
  : le trésorier
 Helmut Ziegner : le Hofmarschall
 Hermann Hartmann : le cocher

Production
Le film est tourné dans le studio éphémère du château des comtes de Berg. Les prises de vue en extérieur sont faites dans le Bergisches Land.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Film allemand sorti en 1955
Film en allemand
Adaptation d'un conte au cinéma
Film pour enfants
Adaptation d'une œuvre des frères Grimm

Rumpelstilzchen (film, 1955)


Die Scottish Open 2011 fanden vom 23. bis zum 27. November 2011 in Glasgow statt. Der Referee war Monique Bastien aus der Schweiz. Das Preisgeld betrug 15.000 US-Dollar, wodurch das Turnier in das BWF-Level 4A eingeordnet wurde. Es war die 93. Austragung dieser internationalen Meisterschaften von Schottland im Badminton.

Austragungsort
 Kelvin Hall, International Sports Arena, Argyle Street

Finalergebnisse

Weblinks
 badminton.de

2011
Badminton 2011
Badmintonwettbewerb in Glasgow
BE Circuit 2011/12

Scottish Open 2011


Round the Twist is an Australian children's comedy drama television series which follows the supernatural adventures of the Twist family, who leave their conventional residence to live in a lighthouse, in the fictional coastal town of Port Naranda.

The series was created and produced by Patricia Edgar, and developed by the Australian Children's Television Foundation (ACTF) as a show that both children and parents could watch. Early episodes were based on stories by author Paul Jennings.

History
Patricia Edgar agreed to have Jennings write the series on the condition he would be mentored by and collaborate with the director, actor, and writer Esben Storm.

Edgar previously worked with Storm on the children's show Winners and the TV film series Touch the Sun. The partnership between Edgar, Storm and Jennings was an efficient team for the development of the first series, whose characters and community were set around a lighthouse on a coastline. Storm and Jennings drew from the plots in the latter's existing short stories and created new ideas, sometimes using two stories in an episode to fill out the plots.

Edgar's instructions, based on research done on Australian children's viewing preferences, was to balance the stories around a family with three leading child characters. The children (Pete, Linda, and Bronson) were given equal time throughout the episodes' stories. The rest of the cast were to be gender-balanced. Edgar stressed the importance of jokes and humour and told Storm to push the boundaries, while grounding the series firmly in the emotions and issues of growing children.

Round the Twist was first produced by Edgar for the Australian Children's Television Foundation (ACTF) in 1989. The four series of the program won 16 national and international awards, including the Prix Jeunesse, the Banff Rockie Award for Best Children's Program, the Grand Jury Prize, two Gold World Medals in the Youth Category at the New York Festivals, two Australian Film Institute awards for Most Outstanding Children's program, and five Australian Teachers of Media Awards.

The series was screened in over 70 countries by broadcasters such as Fox Kids (USA), BBC One (UK), Nickelodeon (UK), CBC Television (Canada), France 2 (France), ZDF (Germany), Network 2 (Ireland) and NHK (Japan).

In 1998, Round the Twist was chosen in the international trade magazine KidScreens "Dream Block" poll – a "Dream Two-Hour Children's Block" — by the world's leading programmers and distributors of children's television. Other programs selected for the "Dream Block" included Rugrats and The Simpsons.

 Synopsis
Round the Twist was set around an old lighthouse in the fictional Port Neranda, on the rugged southwest Victorian coast and features the Twist family: fourteen-year-old twins Pete and Linda, eight-year-old son Bronson, and father Tony, a widowed artist who makes sculptures. Each episode finds the Twist kids involved in surreal, supernatural adventures.

The series has been categorised as humorous, contemporary fantasy.

There were four series of Round the Twist made during the show's 11-year run. The first 13 half-hour episodes were part of a three-program package the ACTF sold to the Seven Network in September 1988, which also included Kaboodle and The Greatest Tune on Earth. The first series of Round the Twist was based on the popular novels Unreal!, Quirky Tales, Unbelievable!, Cabbage Patch Fib, and Uncanny! by Jennings, who had three books on the Australian children's bestseller list at the time.

Jennings was the scriptwriter for the first and second series, while Storm became script editor of the first series, co-writer for the second series, and screenwriter and script editor for the third and fourth series. Ray Boseley and Chris Anastassiades were also the writers for the third series, while Louise Fox, Christine Madafferi, and Robert Greenberg were assigned the fourth series. In addition to these, the second (1992), third (2000), and fourth series (2001) shared elements with the first regarding styles, characterisations, themes, locations, and genres with the original series. The third and fourth series were not based on Jennings' books but served as continuations for the former two series.

Theme song
The lyrics and music of the theme song were written by Andrew Duffield and sung by Tamsin West, who played Linda Twist in the first series. It borrowed lines from nursery rhymes such as, "There Was an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Fly", "Humpty Dumpty" and "Rain Rain Go Away". The song was used in a series of Halloween television adverts by UK supermarket chain Sainsbury's in 2018.

 Casting
Making a show about children over the course of more than a decade necessitated a number of cast changes, as the child actors became too old for their parts. Three sets of children (the Twists, the Gribbles, and Fiona) were cast, and most of the major adult roles were recast at least once.

Around sixty child actors from all over Victoria were divided into small groups and given the scripts to the workshop under Esben Storm's direction.
Notes

 Characters
The show revolves around the Twist family:
 Tony Twist ("Dad") is a widower with a kind heart who maintains a romantic interest in Bronson's schoolteacher, Ms. James, and regularly embarrasses the Twist children.
 Pete Twist is Linda's 14-year-old twin brother who occasionally goes out with his classmate Fiona. Along with Linda, he enjoys teasing his younger brother Bronson. Pete finds himself in embarrassing situations, and is often under siege from Gribble Junior and his gang.
 Linda Twist is Pete's 14-year-old twin sister, whose interests include feminism, environmentalism, and judo. She enjoys picking on her younger brother. She takes life quite seriously and tries to bring a sense of normality to her family who sometimes go out of control. Linda also has a strong sense of justice, knows what is fair, and is prepared to go out of her way to achieve it. She is the most mature and spiritual of the Twist kids.
 Bronson Twist is the twins' 8-year-old younger brother. He is obsessed with food and odors and uses comedic malapropisms, such as confusing widower with windower. As the youngest of the family, he often feels left out of what his older siblings are doing, and tags along their adventures despite the possibility of danger or ridicule. On a few occasions, he is treated as older than his age, such as in Series 1, where he is expected to take full responsibility for a green baby he found in the cabbage patch.

 Other
 Helen "Nell" Rickards (Series 2 as Nell Sands) – the old woman who lives in a cottage next door, whose brother, Tom, had been the former lighthouse keeper. Her father, mother, and sister died when the ship they were on sunk. The family's spirits, as well as Tom's, haunted the lighthouse.
 Harold Gribble – a greedy real-estate agent and one-time Senate candidate, who often tries to force the Twists to move out of the lighthouse.
 "Matron" Cecilia Gribble – Harold's supportive wife who is a nurse. She is just as scheming as her husband.
 James Gribble – Harold's no-good son. He is a bully at school who often antagonizes Pete.
 "Rabbit" – one of James Gribble's friends.
 "Tiger" Gleeson – one of James Gribble's friends.
 Fay James – Bronson's schoolteacher; Fay James is a love interest for Tony, and lives with the Twists in Series 3 and 4.
 Ralph Snapper – Pete and Linda's teacher. He is a harsh disciplinarian who does not respond well to children's insolence, but is socially awkward around adults.
 Fiona Richmond – Linda's friend, and Pete's sometime girlfriend.
 Hugh Townsend – Linda's love crush in Series 1.
 Anthony – A well-meaning nerd with a crush on Linda in Series 3 and 4.
 Padre, Sacha, and Emily – Three girls Pete tries to win over in Series 4.
Characters who appear briefly in each episode of a series include:
 Ghosts of Nell Rickard's family members – her parents Stanley & Louise Rickards, her siblings Tom and sister Sarah Rickards.
Ghost Matthew and Ghost Jeremiah – ghosts of two men whose spirits were trapped in the lighthouse during Series 2 after they failed to guide a boat to shore one hundred years earlier.
 Ariel – a girl from the "Isle of Dreams" who wants to take Pete away in Series 4.
 Mr. Nic Papadelioises – a local small deli owner who gave Bronson his first job.

 Storylines

Round the Twist pushed the boundaries of acceptability for children's television.

Four series of Round the Twist were made, each comprising thirteen episodes. Although each episode has a self-contained plot, each series has a recurring theme, usually an object or character which appears briefly in every episode, and develops until the final episode of each series in which it is explained and resolved.

The Twist family also has frequent conflicts with a ruthless local businessman, Harold Gribble, and his family. Gribble seeks to remove the Twists from the lighthouse in order to turn it into a tourist attraction. This is a continuing feature of the first series and a recurring feature of the third and fourth series.

 Series 1 (1990)
The first series had the following episodes:

 "Skeleton on the Dunny"
 "Birdsdo"
 "A Good Tip for Ghosts"
 "The Cabbage Patch Fib"
 "Spaghetti Pig Out"
 "The Gum Leaf War"
 "Santa Claws"
 "Wunderpants"
 "Lucky Lips"
 "Know All"
 "The Copy"
 "Without My Pants"
 "Lighthouse Blues"

The lighthouse is haunted by eerie music coming from upstairs. In the final episode, "Lighthouse Blues", the music is revealed to be played by the ghosts of Nell's deceased family. The ghosts help the Twists prevent one of Gribble's business associates from destroying the lighthouse.

In a subplot, Tony falls in love with Fay and spends the series developing a relationship with her, culminating in a marriage proposal at the finale. The answer to the proposal is left open-ended.

The series provides a lot of laughter and suspense and retains the surprise endings which made the books so popular among modern young readers.

 Series 2 (1992)
The second series reintroduces the Twist family and the local identities from the coastal town of Port Niranda. The thirteen stories in the second series were completely new tales. They shared elements in style, characterisation, theme, location, and genre with the first series but each storyline was unpredictable and fresh.

The second series has the following episodes:

 "Second Time Around"
 "Copy Cat"
 "Little Squirt"
 "Pink Bow Tie"
 "Nails"
 "Sloppy Jalopy"
 "Smelly Feet"
 "Grandad's Gift"
 "Ice Maiden"
 "Yuckles"
 "Quivering Heap"
 "Little Black Balls"
 "Seeing The Light"

Richard Moir reprises his role as Tony, but his children have been recast.

The lighthouse is haunted again by two ghosts who reveal themselves as Matthew and Jeremiah, who are being punished because, 100 years ago, they failed as lighthouse keepers to stop a ship carrying Matthew's love, Jane, from being wrecked on the rocks. In the final episode, "Seeing the Light", the ghost ship comes again, and this time, all of the characters from the show help turn on the lighthouse light and save the family who was lost at sea and redeem the ghosts.

Tony and Fay become officially engaged, but Fay becomes concerned that Bronson does not want her to marry Tony, which leads to the engagement being broken off. They are re-engaged at the end of the series.

In this series, Mr. Gribble is not concerned with removing the Twists from the lighthouse; rather, he campaigns for a Senate seat with the fictional Progressive Conservative Party. Disagreeing with his policies, Nell runs against him in a party similar to the Australian Greens and ultimately wins in a landslide.

 Series 3 (2000)
The demand for more Round The Twist worldwide led Edgar to proceed with Series 3 and 4, which were made back-to-back with the same child cast. Storm led the workshops to create scripts for the third and fourth series, which have the following episodes:

 "The Big Burp"
 "Viking Book of Love"
 "Whirling Derfish"
 "UMI"
 "Truth Hits Everybody"
 "The Nirandathal Beast"
 "Mail-Boo"
 "Brainless"
 "Toy Love"
 "Tears of Innocence"
 "The Ice Cream Man Cometh"
 "If the Walls Could Talk"
 "The Big Rock"

The third series recast most of the characters. In this series, Mr. Gribble plans to turn Port Niranda into the honeymoon capital of the world by tearing down the lighthouse and building a casino in its place. Fay has moved in with Tony and the kids for a trial period to see if they can live in harmony with each other.

 Series 4 (2001)
The fourth series has the following episodes:

 "Welcome Back"
 "Monster Under the Bed"
 "Linda Godiva"
 "Dog by Night"
 "TV or Not TV"
 "Face the Fear"
 "Hair Brain"
 "Princess and the Pete"
 "Bird Boy"
 "The Shadow Player"
 "Radio Da Da"
 "Skunkman"
 "The Isle of Dreams"

In each episode, a knight in armor enters the lighthouse through a magical door. At the beginning of the series, the knight's face is hidden behind a visor; in the second half, the visor is raised. In the final episode, "The Isle of Dreams", the stranger is revealed to be a girl, Ariel, who offers the children a perfect life on the Isle of Dreams if Pete will become her husband. In the end, they decline, and Ariel disappears forever, along with the enchanted isle.

A subplot in this series is Fay's pregnancy with Tony's baby, named Ariel, who is born in the series finale.

 Production

 Series 1
The first series of Round The Twist went into pre-production in March 1989 and production began on 4 April and ran for 13 weeks. Filming took place at Melbourne Film Studios and the lighthouse on the Victorian coast.

Throughout the series, several locations in Victoria, Australia, were used for external shots. Exterior scenes of the Twist family's lighthouse home were shot at the Split Point Lighthouse in Aireys Inlet. The school and some town scenes were shot in Williamstown, Point Lonsdale, and Queenscliff.

The seventh episode of series one was supposed to be "Frozen Stiff", but that had to be changed as it was too expensive to freeze a house and thirty animals inside large ice blocks.

Nell was supposed to die in "Lighthouse Blues", but Storm told Jennings, "it's too depressing after thirteen weeks. We can't finish the series by killing off a well-loved character."

The first two series were written by Jennings and edited by Storm. Jennings made cameo appearances, including as the ghost of Ben Byron in "Without My Pants".

 Series 2
Following the success of Round the Twist both in Australia and in overseas markets, the ACTF developed a second 13-episode series. The second series was in pre-production in April 1992. Filming took place from 23 March to 19 June 1992 and finished on 23 June 1992.Australian Children's Television Foundation, (1992). Care for kids: Television News, The newsletter of the Australian Children's Television Foundation, Issue No. 37, p. 1-4. ISSN 0813-3727

Edgar continued as executive director, and Jennings and Storm wrote the scripts. Storm was the main series director, Steve Jodrell also directed episodes in the second series, and Antonia Barnard was the co-producer of the second series. Adult cast members remained the same as in the first series, except for Mr. Gribble and Matron Gribble, who were recast with Mark Mitchell and Jan Friedl. Auditions were held in 1991 to find new child actors to replace characters like Pete, Linda, and Bronson. The second series was in post-production until 30 November 1992. It was pre-purchased by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, the British Broadcasting Corporation, Ravensburger Film, and TV Gmbh (for German-speaking territories), and Tri Star Gmbh (for Italy).

 Series 3
The third and fourth series were written by various writers and re-used the same characters, but they did not draw from Jennings' material. Two years before the third series was aired, Jennings' stories were being adapted into a different show called Driven Crazy, which failed to match the popularity of the early Round the Twist and of which only one series was produced.

The ACTF started development of a new series of Round The Twist in 1997. It was produced by Edgar with Bernadette O'Mahony and written by Storm, Chris Anastassiades, and Ray Boseley. The series was directed by Boseley, Storm, and Pino Amenta. The series was pre-sold to the ABC, BBC, Nickelodeon UK, and Disney European channels, and financed by the Australian Film Finance Corporation. The scripts were completed by November 1997, and official pre-production of the series commenced in November 1998. An Australia-wide search for the child leads was conducted, and more than 800 children auditioned for the roles of Linda, Pete, Bronson, and the Gribble gang, Rabbit, Tiger, and Gribbs. Filming took place on location at Aireys Inlet and Crawford Productions' studio in Melbourne in early 1999. The series was completed and distributed to broadcasters in November 1999.

 Series 4
Storylines for the fourth series were being written in 1998 following a creative workshop directed by Storm in early September at the ACTF's offices. In 2000, the ACTF completed the development of the fourth series of Round the Twist, which was written by Storm, Boseley, Louise Fox, Christine Madafferi, and Robert Greenberg. The pre-production of the fourth series commenced in November 1999, with principal photography starting in February 2000 and ending in May 2000. Edgar was executive producer and producer, and the line producer was Helen Watts, with directors David Swann, Arnie Custo, and Boseley. Filming for the series started on 7 February 2000, and continued for three months in and around Melbourne, in the Crawford Productions' studio, Williamstown Primary School, and Airey's Inlet. Most of the main cast from Season 3 returned for Season 4.

 Feature film
A full-length Round the Twist feature film was developed and written by Storm and Boseley. Under Storm's guidance, a storyline workshop for the feature film was held in October 1994. Production was planned for 1997–98, but funding for the project was not granted. Edgar explains in her book Bloodbath that feature films based on television are rarely financed by distributors, must compete with big-budget films, and are typically launched during the school holidays, among many other complicating factors. Despite Edgar's best efforts to have the Round the Twist feature film come to fruition, the project was scrapped.

 Reception
In the United Kingdom, Round the Twist aired on BBC One during the channel's Children's BBC strand several times in the 1990s and early 2000s. It was rerun in 2007 on Channel 5 on Sunday mornings. It also regularly appeared on Network 2 in Ireland, and was popular in Germany and the Netherlands. It was shown in Sri Lanka by the Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation. In Canada, it won the Banff Television Festival award for "Best Children's Program" in 2000, and in Australia, it won the Logie Award for "Outstanding Children's Program" in 2001 (tied with Hi-5) and 2002. It was also nominated for an award at the Australian Film Institute. The show is currently shown in Australia on ABC Me.

 Series 1
In 1995, TV 4 Sweden advised that the Round the Twist series won its time slot in the afternoons with a 25 percent audience share. TV 2 Denmark also screened the series during the year and reported excellent ratings. In Denmark, Round the Twist is called "The Children Of The Lighthouse"; in Germany, it is called "Twist Totale". The Finnish Broadcasting Company and Wharf Cable in Hong Kong acquired Round the Twist in March 1995, while AVRO, a Dutch public channel, acquired the second series in June 1995.

The ACTF received letters and phone calls from viewers of Les Twist Famille in France, many of whom had watched the program on Canal J, the French children's channel. In Canada, CBC Television started screening the program in May 1995, while the French-language version was broadcast on sister channel Télévision de Radio-Canada later that year. The CBC reported that a significant number of university students had been among the correspondents writing to them to express their appreciation of the series.

 Series 2
The second series was pre-sold to the BBC and Ravensburger in Germany, and received an upfront distribution advance from DARO for Spain, Portugal, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Rumania, USSR, Africa (excluding South Africa), Ireland, Greece, Belgium, New Zealand, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Iceland, and South Korea.

In 1995, Series 1 of Round the Twist screened in Sweden for the first time by TV4. It was so popular that TV4 contacted the ACTF to acquire the second series so that it be immediately aired.

The second series of Round the Twist aired on TV 2 in Denmark in January 1995, and was shown on Canal J in France. The ACTF received letters and telephone calls from young viewers in France who loved the series.

In 1997, Round the Twist was named "Kids' Vid of the Week" and given four stars by The Age Green Guide.

The acquisition of Round the Twist by FOX Network coincided with the repeat of series one on BBC1 in the UK. The series reached number two in the Top 10 Children's Programs.

There were 6109 hits on the Round the Twist website from Finland during the second week in July 1997, which reflected local viewer interest.

Round The Twist series 1 and 2 sold and resold in 54 countries including the US.

 Launch
To launch the program, the ACTF and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) transformed one of the ABC's Elsternwick studios into a Round the Twist set. Four Foundation staff members attended the MIPCOM market in Cannes, France, in October 1992 to launch the second series of Round the Twist and Lift Off on the international market.

The second series of Round the Twist was a major success when it was screened on BBC1 in the United Kingdom in early 1993. It was rated the first most popular children's program in the United Kingdom by the time it had finished airing. BBC Enterprises entered into a contract with the ACTF for the release of Round the Twist in the United Kingdom. Series 2 was also sold to Germany, Austria, Italy, France, Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Zimbabwe, and Thailand in 1993.

 Family Album on ABC
Throughout 1994, the ABC presented a family viewing hour, Family Album, from 6.00 pm to 7.00 pm on Saturday, from 26 February 1994 to January 1995. The slot was conceived by Edgar in recognition of 1994 being the International Year of the Family.

The Foundation produced a study guide to accompany the Family Album series, which included information on individual programs and activities for students to supplement Round the Twist, and was sent out to all schools in Australia.

 ACTF Programs in Children's Hospitals
The ACTF donated 210 videos to the Starlight Fun Centre Trolley program operating in pediatric wards in hospitals around Australia; Round the Twist and Lift Off were particularly requested.

 Series 3
Round the Twist rated number one on the BBC in the middle of 1998. The BBC screened the third series at 4:30 pm on Monday afternoons from 10 January – 10 April 2000. Figures supplied by the BBC Broadcast Strategy Channel Development group indicated that the BBC audience viewership in the 4:30 pm slot increased by 13–18% share over the period when the program aired. The BBC's average audience in those weeks was approximately two million people or 37% of the audience watching television at that time.

In Finland, the series aired daily during the summer holidays in June 2000. Yle described the screening as a "great success" with an average rating of 8.0. The audience share achieved was never less than 55% and it peaked at 75% in the 10- to 14-year-old age group.

Series 3 was a critical and popular success. In the 5.00 pm time slot, season 3 was consistently watched by 323,300 people, including:

 An average of 61% of children between the ages of 5–12 years old (compared to averages of between 9-19% on the other networks at this time)
 Over 31% of children in the 13-17 year age group

 Series 4
 The Queen's visit
The Foundation hosted Queen Elizabeth II during her Australian tour in March. She visited the Melbourne set of the fourth series on 23 March 2000, where she was greeted by Edgar, Janet Holmes à Court, and Dame Margaret Guilfoyle.

The Queen included Round the Twist as part of her itinerary in recognition of the ACTF's achievements on behalf of young people since its inception in 1982. Round The Twist was the most commercially successful and popular Australian children's drama series ever made. The third series (which was screened on the ABC and BBC when the Queen visited the set) attracted 2.1 million viewers in the UK in 2000 and was the highest-rated program for 5–12-year-olds in the 5:00 pm timeslot in Australia.

 Studio City
Studio City at Melbourne Docklands opened in 2002. The ACTF signed a contract for a major children's attraction at the proposed Paramount-branded theme park, and the attraction included the characters and adventures of the popular series, and featured a tree spirit, a Viking shipwreck, and a hall of distortion that culminated in a slide from the series' lighthouse icon.

Edgar said the attraction would enable local families and overseas visitors to interact with the characters and storylines from Round The Twist.

Studio City, backed by Viacom, comprises a theme park, film and television studios, and a recreational precinct.

 Melbourne International Festival and Museum
The cast members from Round the Twist were at the Big Box Family Children's Festival. Two episodes from the fourth series, filmed earlier in the year, were screened at the new Melbourne Museum's theatre. Many fans met their favourite characters from Round the Twist at the Festival on 29 October 2000; the Festival was jointly hosted by the Melbourne Festival and the Melbourne Museum.

The cast were the emcees for the day, and they introduced national and international performers including Ethiopian Circus and Wild Moves.

 Awards and nominations Round The Twist Series 2Round The Twist Series 3Round The Twist Series 4'''

 Marketing and publishing
A tie-in book written by Jennings was published by Puffin Books in June 1990. Out of an initial print run of 22,000 copies, 16,000 were sent to the retail and education market. The book was released to tie in with the screening of the series on the Australian Television Network from 26 August 1990.

 Series 1
In 1989, the television rights for the thirteen 25-minute drama series were pre-sold to the Australian Television Network.

The series was promoted at MIP-TV in April 1989 and sales were achieved during MIPCOM in October 1989.

As part of a package distribution arrangement, Round the Twist was sold to Spain, Portugal, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, USSR, Yugoslavia, Africa, Ireland, Greece, and Belgium.

The ACTF sold the program on videotape and reported 3,602 copies sold on 30 June 1991.

The ACTF distributed the Round the Twist 1 videotapes and to 30 June 1993 had sold more than 5,800 units.

By 30 June 1994 7,207 copies of Series 1 videotapes were sold to schools. Compilation videotapes of the series were sold in department stores by CEL.

 Series 2
In 1992, Round the Twist was sold in Italy, Israel, Ireland, and Thailand. The ACTF also sold more than 5,000 copies of the series by the end of the 1992 financial year.

Penguin Books Australia released the first Round the Twist graphic novels to coincide with the series premiere. The first volume featured the stories "Pink Bow Tie" and "Nails".

The ACTF sold the French language versions of Series 1 and 2 to TFO in Canada; the French dub of the second series was also sold to France 2 and Canal J in France. The Knowledge Network in Canada acquired both series of Round The Twist in English.

CEL Home Video released Round The Twist 2 compilation videos on 25 December 1993. It continued to sell Round the Twist videos in 1996.

Series 1 and 2 were sold to the NHK in Japan. The ACTF received a large quantity of fan mail from Japanese children who enjoyed the series.

The BBC re-licensed terrestrial rights in both series of Round The Twist, while cable and satellite rights in both series were acquired by Nickelodeon UK.

In 1996, the Foundation finalised the sale of Round the Twist to the FOX Kids Network in the United States.

Series 1 and 2 were acquired by broadcasters in Ghana, Hungary, the Cook Islands, and Spain. Both series were re-licensed by the BBC in the UK. The first series went to air on BBC 1 in April and May 1997, where it was named the second most popular children's program in the ratings published by Broadcast magazine during that period. Alliance Canada acquired the Canadian video rights for both series, while Tring Plc in the UK acquired the rights for the first.

The ACTF also entered into a distribution agreement with Southern Star Sales for the distribution of Series 1 and 2 into South America.

Series 1 & 2 were acquired by Pakistan Television Corporation, FETV in Panama, United Family Communications (for pay television across Latin America), and the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation.

 Series 3
Pre-sale commitments to the third series were acquired from the ABC, the BBC, Walt Disney Television International (for European Disney Channels excluding the UK), and Nickelodeon UK. The ACTF successfully applied to the Australian Film Finance Corporation Pty Limited (FFC) for investment in the series.

 Series 4
Series 4 was delivered to the ABC in December 2000 and pre-sold to the BBC, Buena Vista International (for its Disney Channels in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain), and Nickelodeon UK.

In 2001 the fourth series was released and immediately sold to Yle and TV 2. Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation and The Disney Channel Australia acquired both Series 3 and 4.

In 2003, ABC Enterprises later released a compilation CD featuring the Round the Twist theme, along with other themes of shows produced by the ACTF (The Genie From Down Under and Li'l Elvis Jones and the Truckstoppers). Series 4 was sold on DVD through distributor Magna Home Entertainment.

 Website
The Foundation built a dedicated Round the Twist website which went online in February 2000 to coincide with the ABC's first screening of the third series. The site has a Meet The Cast section, a Where Are They Now section (for cast members from earlier series), information about where the program was screening around the world, and information about the availability of books and videos of the series. Visitors to the site could e-mail the Foundation with their comments and questions about the series. New information was added to the site throughout 2000 to include a "behind the scenes" material from the fourth series. The ACTF established links to the site from various broadcasters that screened the series, such as the ABC and BBC.

The website was redesigned with the transmission of the fourth season on ABC and BBC.

 Home releases
In Australia, the series was released on DVD through Magna Home Entertainment in 2000–01 as seven volumes Magna Pacific DVD07500–DVD07506:
Volume 1: Series 1 (1989) 9 episodes (2 discs), 216 mins
Volume 2: Series 1 & 2 (1989, 1992) 9 episodes (2 discs), 216 mins
Volume 3: Series 2 (1992) 8 episodes (2 discs), 192 mins
Volume 4: Series 3 (1999) 6 episodes, 146 mins
Volume 5: Series 3 (1999) 7 episodes (2 discs), 168 mins
Volume 6: Series 4 (2001) 6 episodes, 146 mins
Volume 7 (mislabeled as Volume 2): Series 4 (2001) 6 episodes 144 minutes
In the UK, Round The Twist was released on DVD. the first three DVDs were given a U rating and the fourth was given a PG rating.

In 2005 the seven volumes were sold as a boxed set of the entire series before being repacked and reissued in 2009.

On 2 February 2010, Magna re-released the whole series as a new packaged box set named the "Completely Twisted Collection".

On 19 April 2023, the Australian entertainment company Via Vision released the entire series in an eight disc DVD package, entitled Round the Twist: The Complete Series (Remastered).

 Stage adaptation
A stage musical based on the television series is in development, with book, music and lyrics by Paul Hodge incorporating the original theme song. It is scheduled to open in Brisbane at the Playhouse, Queensland Performing Arts Centre in November 2024 directed by Simon Phillips for Queensland Theatre.

 See also
 List of Australian television series

 Notes

 References

 External links

 Round the Twist website
 Writing Round the Twist (Paul Jennings)
 Learning resources for Round the Twist  from the Australian Children's Television Foundation

 Round The Twist '' at ClassicKidsTV.co.uk
 The original Bronson on Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Life Matters, Friday 26 August 2016
 Round the Twist at the National Film and Sound Archive

Australian children's television series
Australian comedy-drama television series
Australian Broadcasting Corporation original programming
Seven Network original programming
Australian fantasy comedy television series
1990 Australian television series debuts
2001 Australian television series endings
1990s teen drama television series
2000s teen drama television series
Television series about children
Television series about families
Television series about siblings
Television series about teenagers
Australian television shows based on children's books
Fox Kids
Fox Broadcasting Company original programming
Australian television shows featuring puppetry
Television shows set in Victoria (state)
Australian fantasy drama television series

Round the Twist


¡El Che vive! es un álbum tributo en homenaje a los 30 años desde la muerte del Che Guevara, uno de los líderes de la Revolución cubana (1953–1959). El disco recopila canciones de diversos artistas latinoamericanos y europeos dedicadas a su persona. Fue lanzado en Francia en 1997 y está interpretado, entre otros, por Patricio Manns, Daniel Viglietti, Ángel Parra, Soledad Bravo y María Farantoúri, así como por los fallecidos Víctor Jara, Carlos Puebla y Atahualpa Yupanqui. El álbum finaliza con una grabación de un discurso del Che Guevara.

En la cubierta del disco figura la clásica fotografía del Che, en fondo rojo, y la carátula incluye las letras de las canciones tanto en castellano como en francés.

Lista de canciones

Referencias

Álbumes recopilatorios de 1997
Álbumes de Chile de 1997
Álbumes tributo
Álbumes de Víctor Jara
Álbumes de Patricio Manns
Álbumes de Ángel Parra
Álbumes de varios artistas
Representaciones culturales de Che Guevara
Álbumes en español

¡El Che vive!


රයිගම් ටෙලීස් හොඳම ඒකාංගික ටෙලිනාට්‍ය සම්මානය වාර්ෂිකව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රූපවාහිනී තිරයේ හොඳම ශ්‍රී ලාංකේය තනි කථාංග ටෙලිනාට්‍යය සඳහා වාණිජ සන්නාම රැසක් සමඟ සම්බන්ධිත කිංඩම් ඔෆ් රයිගම් විසින් පිරිනමනු ලැබේ.

මෙම සම්මානය ප්‍රථම වරට ලබා දුන්නේ 2005 වසරේදීය. එතැන් සිට මෙම කීර්තිමත් ශූරතාව දිනාගත් අයගේ ලැයිස්තුවක් පහත දැක්වේ.

සෑම වසරකම සම්මාන ලැයිස්තුව

යොමු කිරීම්


Arjo (, também escrito Argio) é uma cidade no wouldda Jimma Arjo da Zona Misraq Welega da Região Oromo da Etiópia. O Presidente Mulatu Teshome nasceu em Arjo.

Visão geral
Servindo na cidade de 1997 a 1997, Kate Collins Faber, uma voluntária do Peace Corps, descreveu-a como parecendo ser "uma vila razoavelmente grande com aglomerados de casas com telhado de zinco ao longo da estrada de cascalho", mas que, na verdade, a cidade era muito pequena.

Em 2001, havia um lixão de pesticidas na cidade, contendo DDT, malatião, pirimifos-metil e fenitrotião. Foi estabelecido no início da década de 1850 por um grupo de Macaa Oromo. Arjo recebeu o nome de seu fundador e primeiro governador de Abba Gada. Eles estão localizados na periferia sul da cidade.

As Irmãs Missionárias Combonianas dirigem um jardim de infância na cidade.

Geografia da Etiópia

Arjo


Reyhan - Fesleğen adlı bitkinin diğer bir adı.
 Reyhan Karaca, Türk Pop Müziği sanatçısı.
 Reyhan (sanatçı), Türkçe "Çalga" söyleyen Bulgaristanlı sanatçı.
 İbrahim Reyhan Özal, Türk siyasetçi.
 Ebû Reyhan el-Beyrûni, Fars kökenli İslâm bilgini.
 Dağlar Kızı Reyhan (türkü), Kısaca Reyhan adıyla da bilinen, sözleri Raşid Behbudov'a ve müziği Fikret Amirov'a ait olan türkü.
 Dağlar Kızı Reyhan, 1969 yapımı bir Türk filmi

Reyhan


سد حديثة أو سد القادسية أحد سدود العراق يقع على نهر الفرات مقدم مدينة حديثة ب7 كيلومتر بسعة خزن أولية 8,28 مليار متر مكعب والغرض منه تنظيم وإرواء المساحات المزروعة في حوض الفرات الأوسط والاسفل إضافة إلى الوقاية من الفيضانات وتوليد الطاقة الكهربائية وهو ثاني أكبر السدود في العراق والشرق الأوسط من حيث مساهمته في توليد الطاقة الكهربائية بعد سد الموصل (سد صدام سابقا) ذو طاقة إنتاج قصوى 1050 ميجا واط. ويحوي على ستة محطات توليد كهرومائية بطاقة قصوى 660 ميجا واط. يحصر السد خلفه المياه في بحيرة القادسية.
اتخذت القوات الأمريكية السد كقاعدة عسكرية تحديدا (US Army Rangers مع فرقتي 81 mm mortar) في 1/4/2003.
تم بناء السد بالتعاون مع جمهورية يوغسلافيا حيث بدأت أعمال البناء في العام 1978 لتنتهي في العام 1986

هذا ويذكر أنه بعد غزو العراق قامت سلطة الإئتلاف المؤقتة بمشروع صيانة وإعادة تأهيل السد فأسندت المشروع إلى شركة (CH2MHill) بإشراف مباشر من مكتب إدارة المشاريع وإعادة الإعمار في سلطة الإئتلاف المؤقتة بكلفة 12000000$ ليعمل السد في تمام ال 5:30 من مساء 2004/5/31 بطاقته القصوى 660 ميجا واط ولأول مرة منذ عام 1990.

مواضيع ومقالات مشابهة
 http://cpa-iraq.org/arabic/pressreleases/20040421_dam-arabic.html

انظر أيضاً
 قائمة سدود العراق

المراجع

العلاقات العراقية السوفيتية
المساعدات الخارجية السوفيتية
بنية تحتية للطاقة اكتملت في 1987
تأسيسات سنة 1987 في العراق
حوض شط العرب
سدود اكتملت في 1987
حديثة
سدود املائية ترابية أو صخرية
سدود نهر الفرات
محافظة الأنبار
محطات طاقة كهرمائية في العراق

سد حديثة


James Eric Lloyd (born 17 July 1954) is an Australian former politician who served with the Liberal Party of Australia member of the Australian House of Representatives from the March 1996 election until the November 2007 election, representing the Division of Robertson in New South Wales.

Biography
Lloyd was born in Sydney and educated at Homebush Boys High School and worked in a variety of occupations, including milkman, ferry and cruise boat crew member, manager of a marina and service station proprietor before entering politics.

Lloyd was the Liberal Party candidate for the safe Labor seat of Peats at the 1984 New South Wales state election, gathering 33.40% of the vote. His lobbying work prior to entering politics included collecting 60,000 signatures which resulted in the re-opening of the Cheero Point section of the Pacific Highway, which had been closed for several years following landslides.

Lloyd was Chief Government Whip from 2001 to 2004 before his appointment as Minister for Local Government, Territories and Roads in July 2004. He was defeated in the 2007 election by Labor member Belinda Neal.

References

1954 births
Living people
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Robertson
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
21st-century Australian politicians
20th-century Australian politicians
Government ministers of Australia

Jim Lloyd


Samira Bensaïd (سميرة سعيد) er en marokkansk sanger, som repræsenterede Marokko ved Eurovision Song Contest 1980 med sangen "Bitaqat Hub".

Eksterne henvisninger

Deltagere ved Eurovision Song Contest 1980
Marokkos Eurovision Song Contest-deltagere
Sangere fra Marokko
Sangere fra Egypten

Samira Bensaïd


Valdas Dambrauskas (Pakruojis, 7. siječnja 1977.), litavski je nogometni trener. Trenutačno je trener grčkog kluba OFI Kreta.

Trenerska karijera

Gorica
Dana 25. veljače 2020. godine, postao je trenerom hrvatskoga prvoligaša Gorice, s kojim je u hrvatskome prvenstvu završio na šestom mjestu u sezoni 2019./20.

Ludogorec Razgrad
Dana 3. siječnja 2021. godine sa sportskim direktorom Mindaugasom Nikoličiusom napustio je Goricu i potpisao s bugarskim prvakom Ludogorecom. U listopadu 2021. godine, Dambrauskas je nakon poraza od Crvene zvezde napustio klupu Ludogoreca.

Hajduk Split
Dana 2. studenoga 2021. godine Dambrauskas postao je trener splitskoga Hajduka. Sezonu 2021./22. Hajduk je završio na drugom mjestu i nakon devet godina osvojio kup.

Priznanja

Klupska
Žalgiris

 A lyga (2): 2015., 2016.
 Litavski nogometni kup (3): 2014./15., 2015./16., 2016./17.
 Litavski nogometni superkup (3): 2015., 2016., 2017.

RFS

 Latvijski nogometni kup (1): 2019.

Ludogorec Razgrad

 Bugarska nogometna liga (1): 2020./21.

Hajduk Split

Hrvatski nogometni kup (1): 2021./22.

Individualna
 Litavski trener godine (3): 2016., 2020., 2021.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Profil, Transfermarkt

Litavski športaši
Nogometni treneri
Nogomet u Litvi
Treneri Hajduka

Valdas Dambrauskas


Landskaber er en dansk eksperimentalfilm fra 1997 instrueret af Kassandra Wellendorf efter eget manuskript.

Handling
5 komponister; Ib Nørholm, Vagn Nørholm, Svend Hvidtfeldt, Dan Marmorstein og Anders Nordentoft fortolker hver deres landskab fra den danske natur. Herefter fortolker Kassandra Wellendorf de 5 forskellige stykker musik og de pågældende landskaber: Hede/nåletræer, fjord/lerklinter, sand/vadehav, løvskov og moser/vandløb.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1997

Landskaber (eksperimentalfilm)


Courtney ist ein sehr kleiner Einschlagkrater auf der nordwestlichen Mondvorderseite, am südwestlichen Rand des Mare Imbrium, zwischen den Kratern Diophantus im Nordwesten und Euler im Südosten.

Courtney als auch einige kleine Oberflächenstrukturen in der Nähe verdanken ihre namentliche Bezeichnung ihrem Erscheinen auf dem Blatt 39B3/S1 (Zahia) der Topophotomap-Kartenserie der NASA, die 1976 von der IAU übernommen wurden.

Diese Oberflächenstrukturen sind:
 Rima Zahia, eine Mondrille östlich von Courtney
 Catena Yuri, eine Kraterkette südöstlich von Courtney
 Dorsum Thera, ein Dorsum südwestlich von Courtney

Der Namen dieser Oberflächenstrukturen  erscheinen in einer Liste männlicher und weiblicher Vornamen in den Proceedings der 16. Generalversammlung der IAU (Grenoble 1976).

Weblinks

 Courtney auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Courtney (Mondkrater)


An Actinocephalus cipoensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Silveira, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Paulo Takeo Sano. An Actinocephalus cipoensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Actinocephalus, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Actinocephalus

Actinocephalus cipoensis


El Museo de Cerdanyola, en la comarca del Vallés Occidental, Cataluña, parte de la idea de que el museo es el propio territorio, y lo conforman un conjunto de espacios dispersos en la población. El objetivo del museo es ofrecer una aproximación didáctica a la evolución de la población de esta zona del Vallés Occidental, siguiendo el hilo de su historia desde la prehistoria hasta la actualidad. El Museo forma parte de la Red de Museos Locales de la Diputación de Barcelona.

Tiene la sede central en la casa Ortadó-Maymó, también conocida como Ca n'Ortadó, una torre de veraneo de estilo novecentista donada al Ayuntamiento por su propietaria, Maria Assumpció Maymó; los otros espacios que conforman el Museo son la casa consistorial, la antigua masía de Ca n'Altamira, la iglesia de San Acisclo y Santa Victoria de les Feixes y la iglesia parroquial de San Martín. Actualmente, la sede de Ca n'Ortadó se encuentra cerrada al público, inmersa en un profundo proceso de remodelación debido a la inauguración del Museo de Arte de Cerdanyola. Can Domènech en 2009 y del Museo del Poblado ibérico de Ca n'Oliver en 2010.

Véase también
 Museo de Arte de Cerdanyola. Can Domènech
 Museo y Poblado Íbero de Ca n'Oliver

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Página del Museo en el sitio del Ayuntamiento de Sardañola del Vallés
 Web del Museo Más Grande de Cataluña

Museos de Sardañola del Vallés
Cerd
Museos de la Red de Museos Locales de la Diputación de Barcelona
Museos de España inaugurados en 1999
Vallés Occidental
Arquitectura historicista en España
Arquitectura de España de los años 1920
Arquitectura de España de 1929
Arquitectura en Cataluña en el siglo XX

Museo de Cerdanyola


An Zostera in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Zostera in nahilalakip ha familia nga Zosteraceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Zostera

Zostera