TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), TCP/IP protokol takımının taşıma katmanı protokollerinden birisidir. Son güncellemesi Ağustos 2022 tarihi itibarıyla RFC 9293  içerisinde tanımlanmıştır.

Gelişmiş bilgisayar ağlarında paket anahtarlamalı bilgisayar iletişiminde kayıpsız veri gönderimi sağlayabilmek için TCP protokolü yazılmıştır. HTTP, HTTPS, POP3, SSH, SMTP, Telnet ve FTP gibi internetin kullanıcı açısından en popüler protokollerinin veri iletimi TCP vasıtasıyla yapılır.

Tarihçe
İlk olarak 1974 Mayıs ayında Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisleri Enstitüsü (IEEE) tarafından "A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication" başlıklı bir makale yayınlandı. Makalenin yazarları bu yazıda; Vint Cerf ve Bob Kahn bir ağ üzerinde yer alan uçlar (nodes) arasında kaynak paylaşımını sağlamak amacıyla "packet-switching" yöntemini kullanan bir ağ protokolü tanımladılar. Bu protokol modelini paket anahtarlamalı olarak nitelendirdiler ve TCP'nin temelleri atılmış oldu.

TCP/IP ilk olarak Amerika Savunma Bakanlığı'nın (DoD) veri iletişimi ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. 1960'lı yılların sonunda Amerika Savunma Bakanlığı'na bağlı olarak çalışan Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), ABD'de bulunan üniversitelerle, ağ üzerinden veri alışverişinde bulunmak amacıyla, üretici markasından bağımsız bir protokol bulmak amacıyla çalışmaya başladı. Katılımcılar bu çalışmalar sonucunda ARPANET'i kurdular. ARPANET internet tarihindeki ilk paket anahtarlamalı ağ oldu. ARPANET ilk olarak 1969 yılının sonlarında dört adet uçla (node) çalışmaya başladı. Bu çalışmanın başarılı olmasının sonucunda "ARPA Internet (ARPANET)" adındaki ilk geniş alan ağı kurulmuş oldu.

Çalışma Esasları

TCP'nin çalışma esası üç faz altında incelenebilir: 1) Öncelikle hedefle bir bağlantı gerçekleşir. 2) Bağlantı gerçekleştikten sonra veri transferi yapılır. 3) Veri transferi yapıldıktan sonra da bağlantı sona erdirilir.

TCP'de bu üç fazın gerçekleşmesi için bazı ara durumlar (state) tanımlanmıştır. Bu durumlar aşağıdaki gibidir:

LISTEN
(sunucu) İstemci tarafından bir TCP bağlantı isteğinin beklenildiği durum
SYN-SENT
(istemci) Karşı tarafa TCP bağlantısı isteği gönderildikten sonra karşı taraftan bağlantı isteğine cevap beklenilen durum
SYN-RECEIVED
(sunucu) İstemci tarafından SYN bayrağı ile yapılan bağlantı isteğine sunucunun SYN-ACK bayrağı ile cevap vermesinden sonraki bekleme durum
ESTABLISHED
(sunucu ve istemci) Bağlantı kurulduktan sonraki veri transferinin yapıldığı durum
FIN-WAIT-1
(sunucu ve istemci)
FIN-WAIT-2
(sunucu ve istemci) karşı taraftan TCP bağlantısının bitirilme isteğinin beklendiği durum
CLOSE-WAIT
(sunucu ve istemci)
CLOSING
(sunucu ve istemci) Karşı tarafa bağlantının bitirilmesine dair bir ACK bayrağı gönderildikten sonra bağlantının bitmesini bekleme durumu
LAST-ACK
(sunucu ve istemci)
TIME-WAIT
(sunucu ve istemci)
CLOSED
(sunucu ve istemci) TCP bağlantısının tamamen bittiği durum

TCP bağlantısı nasıl kurulur?

A bilgisayarı B bilgisayarına TCP yoluyla bağlanmak istediğinde şu yol izlenir:

 A bilgisayarı B bilgisayarına TCP SYNchronize mesajı yollar
 B bilgisayarı A bilgisayarının isteğini aldığına dair bir TCP SYN+ACKnowledgement mesajı yollar
 A bilgisayarı B bilgisayarına TCP ACK mesajı yollar
 B bilgisayarı bir ACK "TCP connection is ESTABLISHED" mesajı alır
Üç zamanlı el sıkışma adı verilen bu yöntem sonucunda TCP bağlantısı açılmış olur.

Veri iletimi

TCP'de veri iletimi çift yönlüdür. Yani her iki taraf da birbirlerine aynı bağlantı içerisinde veri gönderebilmektedir.

Bağlantı oluşturulduktan sonra, B bilgisayarı A bilgisayarından paketler almaya başlar. B, her aldığı paketten sonra bir süre bekledikten sonra en son düzgün olarak aldığı paket grubunu A'ya bildirir. Gelen bildirimlere göre A, daha sonra hangi paketleri yollaması gerektiğine karar verir ve yollar.

TCP bağlantısının sona erdirilmesi

Veri iletişimi bitince bilgisayarlardan herhangi biri diğerine TCP kapatma mesajı yollar. Diğer bilgisayar, kapatmayı teyit etme paketi ve kapatma isteği yollar. Son olarak, diğer bilgisayar da kapatma teyidini yollar ve bağlantı kapatılmış olur.

Bu işlemin adımları tam olarak şöyledir:

 A bilgisayarı B bilgisayarına bağlantıyı sonlandırmak istediğine dair TCP FIN mesajı yollar.
 B bilgisayarı A bilgisayarına bağlantı sonlandırma isteğini aldığına dair TCP ACK mesajı yollar.
 B bilgisayarı A bilgisayarına bağlantıyı sonlandırmak istediğine dair TCP FIN mesajı yollar.
 A bilgisayarı B bilgisayarına bağlantı sonlandırma isteğini aldığına dair TCP ACK mesajı yollar.

Bu işlemlerin sonunda TCP bağlantısı sonlandırılmış olur. Buna 4 zamanlı el sıkışma denir.

Görüldüğü üzere, bağlantının kurulmasından farklı olarak bağlantı her cihaz için ayrıca kapatılmaktadır. Bunun nedeni, istenildiğinde bağlantının tek yönlü olarak açık tutulabilmesini sağlamaktır. Bunun için tek tarafın bağlantı kapama adımlarını gerçekleştirmesi gerekir.

TCP Segmenti

TCP bağlantı tabanlı (connection-oriented) bir protokoldür. TCP bağlantı tabanlı bir protokol olduğu için iki bilgisayar, üçlü el sıkışma (3-way handshaking) yaptıktan sonra veri alışverişi yapmaya başlar.

TCP, taşıma katmanında alt katmandan gelen verilere bir başlık bilgisi ekler. Başlık bilgisiyle birlikte bu veriye 'TCP Segmenti' denir.

Kaynak Port (Source Port): Veriyi gönderen bilgisayarın kullandığı TCP portudur.

Hedef Port (Destination Port): Hedef bilgisayarın TCP portudur.

Sıra Numarası (Sequence Number): TCP'nin verinin böldüğü her bir segmentine verdiği numaradır.

Onay Numarası (ACK Number): Alınan bir SYN paketine karşılık olan onay mesajı ACK biti ile gönderilir.

Başlık Uzunluğu (Header Length/Data Offset): TCP başlığının uzunluğunu gösterir.

Rezerve Edilmiş (Reserved): İleride kullanılmak üzere saklı tutulur.

Kod Bitleri ya da Bayraklar (Code Bits or Flags): Segment ile ilgili kontrol bilgilerini taşır.

Pencere (Window): Akış denetimi için kullanılır.

Hata Kontrol Bitleri (Checksum): Segmentin hatalı ulaşıp ulaşmadığını kontrol etmek için kullanılır.

Acil İşaretçisi (Urgent Pointer): Bir verinin acil olarak iletilmek istendiği durumlarda kullanılır.

Seçenek (Option): TCP segmentinin maksimum boyutunun bilgisini taşır.

Veri (Data):Verinin bulunduğu kısım.

RFC Versiyonları
 – Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program, December 1974 Version
 – TCP v4
 – includes some error corrections for TCP
 – TCP Extensions for High Performance [Obsoleted by RFC 7323]
 – Extending TCP for Transactions—Concepts [Obsoleted by RFC 6247]
 – Defending Against Sequence Number Attacks
 – TCP Selective Acknowledgment Options
 – TCP Congestion Control
 – Moving the Undeployed TCP Extensions  to Historic Status
 – Computing TCP's Retransmission Timer
 – TCP Extensions for Multipath Operation with Multiple Addresses
 – TCP Extensions for High Performance
 – A Roadmap for TCP Specification Documents
 – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Kaynakça

Taşıma katmanı protokolleri
Hacker terimleri

TCP


ببغاء كارولينا (Conuropsis carolinensis)، أو كارولينا كونور، هو نوع منقرض من ببغاء الإقليم المداري الأخضر الصغير ذو الرأس الأصفر الساطع والوجه البرتقالي المحمر والمنقار الشاحب، موطنه الولايات الشرقية والغرب الأوسط والسهول في الولايات المتحدة. كان هذا النوع هو نوع الببغاء الأصلي الوحيد ضمن موطنه الأصلي، مما جعله واحدًا من ثلاثة أنواع ببغاء تتواجد بشكل طبيعي في الولايات المتحدة (الأنواع الأخرى هي الببغاء ذو المنقار السميك، الذي انقرض محليا اليوم، و  الذي لا يزال موجودًا في تكساس؛ وهناك نوع رابع وهو ببغاء الأمازون ذو التاج الأحمر الذي لا يزال قيد النقاش).

على الرغم من أن هذا الطائر كان شائعًا نسبيًا في نطاقه، إلا أن أعداده تضاءلت بشكل ملحوظ بحلول منتصف القرن التاسع عشر. آخر مشاهدة مؤكدة لببغاء كارولينا في البرية كانت في عام 1910، وكان نوعًا فرعيًا يُعرف باسم C. c. ludovicianus.

آخر فرد معروف من هذا النوع هو ذكر يُدعى   توفي في الأسر في حديقة حيوان سينسيناتي في عام 1918. ونتيجة لذلك، أعلان عن انقراض هذا النوع رسميًا في عام 1939.

مراجع

طيور منقرضة في أمريكا الشمالية
البيئة في 1939
أصنوفات سماها كارولوس لينيوس
أنواع القائمة الحمراء المنقرضة
أنواع انقرضت بسبب نشاطات الإنسان
الطيور البلدية لشرق الولايات المتحدة
انقراضات الطيور منذ عام 1500
ببغاوات
حيوانات الولايات المتحدة المنقرضة
طيور الولايات المتحدة
طيور وصفت في 1758

ببغاء كارولينا


A straddle era o estilo dominante no salto em altura antes do desenvolvimento do fosbury flop, as vezes confundido com seu antecessor, o rolo ocidental.

Ao contrário do salto tesoura ou o flop, onde o saltador se aproxima da barra para decolar do pé externo, o saltador no straddle se aproxima do lado oposto, para decolar do pé interno, se assemelhando ao rolo ocidental; no entanto, no rolo ocidental, o lado ou as costas do saltador ficam de frente para a barra; no straddle o saltador cruza a barra de bruços, com as pernas escarranchadas, tendo uma posição de folga e uma vantagem mecânica sobre o rolo ocidental, pois é possível alcançar uma barra mais alta em relação ao centro de massa do saltador. Em termos simples, o saltador de rolo ocidental tem que aumentar a largura do corpo acima da barra; o straddle tem apenas que obter a espessura do corpo acima dele.

Existem duas variantes do straddle: o paralelo e o mergulho. Com o straddle paralelo, a perna da frente é chutada alta e reta, e a cabeça e o tronco passam a barra ao mesmo tempo. Charles Dumas, o primeiro saltador em altura a limpar 7 ft, e John Thomas (medalhista de prata na olimpíada de 1964) usou esta técnica. Valeriy Brumel (ouro em 1964) mergulhou, sua cabeça passando por cima da barra antes de seu tronco. Provavelmente o expoente mais extremo da variante mergulho foi Bob Avant, que limpou 7 pés em 1961. A técnica de Avant estava perto de um mergulho puro, com apenas uma pequena joelhada na perna dianteira.

O último salto recorde mundial com a técnica straddle foi o de Vladimir Yashchenko de 2.34 m (7 pés 8 em) em 1978. (Seu melhor resultado foi 2.35 m obtido em Milão no campeonato europeu de 1978. No feminino, a saltadora de straddle Rosemarie Ackermann, da Alemanha Oriental, alcançou recorde mundial de 2 m no período de 1974 para 1977

Em 1968, um americano Dick Fosbury usou um estilo completamente novo, chamado Fosbury Flop, para vencer as olimpíadas de 1968 por 2.24 m (7 pés 4 em). Esse estilo se espalhou rapidamente e logo os "floppers" se tornaram dominantes nas competições de salto em altura.

Em 1993, um saltador americano Steve Harkins trouxe de volta o estilo straddle na divisão Master, derrotando um 'flopper' no Campeonato Mundial em Miyazaki Japão. Harkins usou o estilo 'cabeça para baixo primeiro', assim como Brumel. Aos 6' 7 " no Campeonato Nacional dos EUA em Bozeman, Montana; em março de 1993, Harkins foi o saltador mais alto no master a ter usado o estilo straddle. O último usuário significativo do estilo foi o decatleta da Alemanha Oriental, Christian Schenk, que se aposentou em 1994. Ele acertou 2.27 m, na olimpíadas de 1988 conquistou a medalha de ouro, Olympic Decathlete Best in high jump.

Ligações externas

Atletismo

Straddle (técnica)


Orion (službeno Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle ili Orion MPCV) svemirska je letjelica s posadom za djelomično višekratnu upotrebu koja će se koristiti u NASA-inom programu Artemis. Svemirska letjelica sastoji se od svemirske kapsule Crew Module (CM) koju je dizajnirao Lockheed Martin i European Service Module (ESM) koju proizvodi Airbus Defence and Space . Sposoban podržati šesteročlanu posadu izvan niske Zemljine orbite, Orion može izdržati do 21 dan bez pristajanja i do šest mjeseci s pristajanjem na svemirsku stanicu. Opremljen je solarnim pločama, automatiziranim sustavom pristajanja i staklenim sučeljima kokpita po uzoru na ona koja se koriste u Boeingu 787 Dreamliner. Jedan motor AJ10 osigurava primarni pogon svemirske letjelice, dok osam motora R-4D-11 i šest grupa prilagođenih motora sustava kontrole reakcije koje je razvio Airbus, osiguravaju sekundarnu propulziju letjelice. Iako je kompatibilan s drugim lansirnim vozilima, Orion je primarno namijenjen za lansiranje na vrhu rakete Space Launch System (SLS), sa sustavom za bijeg pri lansiranju.

Orion je početkom 2000-ih izvorno osmislio Lockheed Martin kao prijedlog za Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) koji će se koristiti u NASA-inom programu Constellation. Prijedlog Lockheed Martina pobijedio je konkurentski prijedlog Northrop Grummana i NASA ga je 2006. odabrala za CEV. Izvorno dizajnirana sa servisnim modulom koji sadrži novi "Orion Main Engine" i par kružnih solarnih panela, letjelica je trebala biti lansirana na vrhu rakete Ares I. Nakon otkazivanja programa Constellation 2010. godine, Orion je uvelike redizajniran za korištenje u NASA-inoj inicijativi Putovanje na Mars; kasnije nazvan Mjesec na Mars. SLS je zamijenio Ares I kao Orionovo primarno lansirno vozilo, a servisni modul je zamijenjen dizajnom koji se temelji na automatiziranom prijenosnom vozilu Europske svemirske agencije. Razvojna verzija Orionovog CM-a lansirana je 2014. tijekom Exploration Flight Test-1, dok su proizvedene najmanje četiri testne jedinice. Od 2020., tri letjelice Orion svemirske letjelice su u izgradnji, s još jednom naručenom, za korištenje u NASA-inom programu Artemis; prvi od njih je lansiran  16.studenog 2022. na Artemis 1.

Opis svemirske letjelice
Orion koristi istu osnovnu konfiguraciju kao Apollov zapovjedni i servisni modul (CSM) koji je prvi odveo astronaute na Mjesec, ali s povećanim promjerom, ažuriranim sustavom toplinske zaštite i drugim modernim tehnologijama. Bit će sposoban podržavati dugotrajne misije u dubokom svemiru s do 21 danom aktivnog vremena posade plus 6 mjeseci životnog vijeka svemirske letjelice u mirovanju. Tijekom razdoblja mirovanja životna potpora posadi bila bi osigurana pomoću drugog modula, kao što je predloženi Deep Space Habitat. Sustavi održavanja života, propulzije, toplinske zaštite i avionike svemirske letjelice mogu se nadograditi kako nove tehnologije postanu dostupne.

Svemirska letjelica Orion uključuje i posadu i servisne module, adapter za letjelicu i sustav za prekid lansiranja u hitnim slučajevima. Orionov modul za posadu veći je od Apolla i može podržati više članova posade za kratke ili dugotrajne misije. Europski servisni modul pokreće i napaja svemirsku letjelicu, kao i pohranjuje kisik i vodu za astronaute, Orion se oslanja na solarnu energiju, a ne na gorive ćelije, što omogućuje dulje misije.

Modul posade (CM)
Orionov modul za posadu (CM) je transportna kapsula za višekratnu upotrebu koja pruža boravak za posadu, osigurava pohranu za potrošni materijal i istraživačke instrumente i sadrži priključak za pristajanje za transfer posade. Modul za posadu je jedini dio svemirske letjelice koji se vraća na Zemlju nakon svake misije i ima oblik frustuma od 57,5° s tupim sfernim stražnjim krajem,promjera je 5.02 metara i duljine 3,3 metra s masom od oko 8,5 tona. Proizveden je od strane Lockheed Martin Corporation u Michoud Assembly Facility u New Orleansu. Imat će 50% veći volumen od kapsule Apollo i nosit će četiri do šest astronauta.  Nakon opsežne studije, NASA je odabrala Avcoat ablator sustav za modul posade Orion. Avcoat, koji se sastoji od vlakana silicijevog dioksida sa smolom u saću napravljenom od stakloplastike i fenolne smole, prije je korišten u misijama Apollo i na orbiteru Space Shuttle za prve letove.

Orionov CM koristit će napredne tehnologije, uključujući:

 Stakleni digitalni kontrolni sustavi kokpita izvedeni su iz onih iz Boeinga 787.
 Značajka "autodock", poput onih za Progress, Automated Transfer Vehicle i Dragon 2, s mogućnošću da posada preuzme dužnost u slučaju nužde. Sve prethodne američke svemirske letjelice bile su usidrene od strane posade, s izuzetkom Dragona 2.
 Poboljšana postrojenja za gospodarenje otpadom, s minijaturnim WC-om u stilu kampiranja i uniseks "reljefnom cijevi" korištenom na Space Shuttleu.
 Dušik/kisik mješovita atmosfera na razini mora ( 101.3 kPa  ).

CM će biti izrađen od aluminij-litijeve legure. Višekratni padobrani za izvlačenje temeljit će se na padobranima koji se koriste i na svemirskim letjelicama Apollo i raketnim pojačivačima na čvrsto gorivo Space Shuttle, a bit će izrađeni od Nomex tkanine. Slijetanje u vodu bit će isključivo sredstvo za oporavak za Orion CM.

Europski servisni modul (ESM)
U svibnju 2011. glavni direktor ESA-e najavio je moguću suradnju s NASA- om u radu na nasljedniku Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV). Dana 21. lipnja 2012., Airbus Defense and Space objavio je da su dobili dvije odvojene studije, svaka vrijedna 6,5 milijuna eura, za procjenu mogućnosti korištenja tehnologije i iskustva stečenog iz rada vezanog uz ATV i Columbus za buduće misije. Prvi je razmatrao moguću konstrukciju servisnog modula koji bi se koristio u tandemu s Orion CM-om. Drugi je ispitivao moguću proizvodnju svestranog višenamjenskog orbitalnog vozila.

21. studenog 2012. ESA je odlučila razviti servisni modul izveden iz ATV-a za Orion. Servisni modul proizvodi Airbus Defence and Space u Bremenu, Njemačka. NASA je 16. siječnja 2013. objavila da će servisni modul ESA-e prvo letjeti na Artemis 1, debitantskom lansiranju Space Launch Systema.

Dana 26. listopada 2018. prva jedinica za Artemis 1 sastavljena je u cijelosti u tvornici Airbus Defense and Space u Bremenu u Njemačkoj.

Izvori

Svemirske letjelice

Orion (svemirska letjelica)


Il existe plusieurs routes ayant comme numéro 627 dans le monde.

 Route régionale 627 en Finlande
  dans certains pays

Route 627


Chaoborus crystallinus est une espèce d'insectes diptères nématocères de la famille des Chaoboridae.

Cette espèce voisine des moustiques mais non piqueuse fait partie des « moucherons fantômes » car ses larves aquatiques sont transparentes.

Description
Les adultes ressemblent aux Chironomus plumosus : au repos, les ailes sont disposées en toit au-dessus de l'abdomen non annelé, les mâles ont des antennes plumeuses, les ailes des femelles atteignent l'extrémité de l'abdomen.

Distribution
L'espèce se trouve en Europe, de l'Espagne à la Scandinavie et au nord de la Russie.

Biologie
Les adultes sont visibles près de l'eau sauf par temps froid.

Les larves carnassières transparentes se tiennent entre deux eaux et sont capables d'attaques surprises très rapides envers de petites proies.

Références

Liens externes

Illustrations sur galerie-insecte.org

Chaoboridae
Espèce de Diptères (nom scientifique)

Chaoborus crystallinus


The Jacksonville Barracudas were a professional minor league ice hockey team based in Jacksonville, Florida. They were established in 2002, and played in the Atlantic Coast Hockey League (2002–2003), the World Hockey Association 2 (2003–2004), and the Southern Professional Hockey League (2004–2008), before folding in 2008.

They won the WHA2 championship title in 2003 – becoming the only Jacksonville pro hockey team to win a league championship – and went to the playoffs three times in the SPHL, advancing to the league finals in 2007 and 2008. They ceased operations after the 2007–2008 season after being unable to secure a suitable venue for the upcoming season.

History

ACHL and WHA2
The Barracudas began play in the second Atlantic Coast Hockey League (ACHL) in the 2002–03 season. Their original owner was David Waronker, who owned three other teams in the league. Jacksonville's first professional hockey team since the Jacksonville Lizard Kings folded in 2000, they played their first home games at the Jacksonville Coliseum. However, the ACHL's instability caused Waronker to lose confidence in the league. After the season, he announced he was withdrawing his four teams and creating a new league, the World Hockey Association 2 (WHA2), which he envisioned as a developmental league for a proposed revival of the World Hockey Association.

Though the revived WHA never took the ice, the WHA2 did play its 2003–04 season. Jacksonville became the fledgling league's most successful team, taking the regular season title and being the only team to draw an average of over 3,000 fans per game. They began the season in the old Jacksonville Coliseum, and moved to the new Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena when it was completed. However, the WHA2, which was largely controlled by Waronker, struggled. The Barracudas beat Miami two games to one and then swept Macon two games to none bringing Jacksonville its only professional hockey championship. Shortly thereafter the WHA2 collapsed, and many of its teams joined the new Southern Professional Hockey League (SPHL).

SPHL
In 2004, a group of Jacksonville investors organized to purchase the Barracudas from Waronker and join the newly formed SPHL. The team ended the 2004–05 season with a third-place finish and a semi-final loss in the playoffs, and finished the 2005–06 season at the bottom of the SPHL standings. Attendance was modest in the first two years in the SPHL; they drew an average of just below 3,000 in 2005–2006. The Barracudas improved both their record and their attendance the following season; under new coach Rick Allain, they finished the regular season sixth in the league with a 25–24–7 record. This qualified them for the 2007 playoffs, where they defeated the Columbus Cottonmouths 3–1 in the semi-final series, vaulting Jacksonville into the SPHL Finals for their first time. They were ultimately defeated by the Fayetteville FireAntz 3–1 in the finals series. Their on-ice success, combined with schedule changes that allowed them to play more home games after football season, saw their attendance improve measurably for the 2006–07 season.

Still, however, management at the 8,500-seat Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena worried that the team's revenues were too low to justify the expense of setting up the facility for ice hockey. After the season, the Arena proposed an increase in the Barracudas' yearly lease that was beyond what the team could afford. For the 2007–08 season, they relocated to Jacksonville Ice, a local 900-seat recreational ice rink. They continued their on-ice success, qualifying for the playoffs and advancing to the league finals for the second year in a row, ultimately losing to the Knoxville Ice Bears. However, the new venue was too small for the team to be financially viable, and unable to secure any other arena lease, the Barracudas suspended operations after the season. While team officials believed that an arena of between 3,000 and 6,000 seats would allow the team to be viable, the Barracudas have not returned to the ice since.

Championships

Notes

References

External links
The Southern Professional Hockey League website

Defunct Southern Professional Hockey League teams
Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 2008
Ice hockey clubs established in 2002
Ice hockey teams in Jacksonville, Florida
Ice hockey teams in Florida
Atlantic Coast Hockey League (2002–03) teams
World Hockey Association 2 teams
2002 establishments in Florida
2008 disestablishments in Florida

Jacksonville Barracudas


Bulgarien deltog ved vinter-PL 2018 i Pyeongchang, Sydkorea i perioden 9.-18. marts 2018.

Bulgarien sendte en person til at konkurrere ved vinter-PL 2018.

Medaljer

Referencer

2018
Lande ved vinter-PL 2018

Bulgarien ved vinter-PL 2018


Rafah () is a Palestinian city in the southern Gaza Strip. It is the district capital of the Rafah Governorate, located  south-west of Gaza City. Rafah had a population of 171,889 in 2017.

When Israel withdrew from the Sinai in 1982, Rafah was split into a Gazan part and an Egyptian part, dividing families, separated by barbed-wire barriers. The core of the city was destroyed by Israel and Egypt to create a large buffer zone.

Rafah is the site of the Rafah Border Crossing, the sole crossing point between Egypt and the State of Palestine. Gaza's only airport, Yasser Arafat International Airport, was located just south of the city. The airport operated from 1998 to 2001, until it was bombed and bulldozed by the Israeli military (IDF) after the killing of Israeli soldiers by members of Hamas.

Etymology

Over the ages it has been known as  by the ancient Egyptians,   or   by the Assyrians,   by the Greeks, "Raphia" by Romans, רפיח "Rafiaḥ" by the Israelites, "Rafh" by the Arab Caliphate. The transliteration of the Hebrew name, "Rafiah", is used in modern English alongside "Rafah"

Development

The Ottoman–British agreement of 1 October 1906 established a boundary between Ottoman ruled Palestine and British ruled Egypt, from Taba to Rafah. After World War I Palestine was also under British control, but the Egypt-Palestine Boundary was maintained to control movement of the local Bedouin. From the mid-1930s the British enhanced the border control and Rafah evolved as a small boundary town which functioned as a trade and services centre for the semi-settled Beduin population. During the Second World War it became an important British base.

Following the Armistice Agreement of 24 February 1949, Rafah was located in Egypt-occupied Gaza and consequently, a Gaza–Egypt border did no longer exist. Rafah could grow without any consideration being taken of the old 1906 international boundary. In the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel conquered the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt and all of the city now was under Israeli occupation.

In 1979, Israel and Egypt signed a peace treaty that returned the Sinai, which borders the Gaza Strip, to Egyptian control. In the Peace Treaty, the re-created Gaza–Egypt border was drawn across the city of Rafah. Rafah was divided into an Egyptian and a Palestinian part, splitting up families, separated by barbed-wire barriers. Families were separated, property was divided and many houses and orchards were cut across and destroyed by the new boundary, bulldozed, allegedly for security reasons. Rafah became one of the three border points between Egypt and Israel.

Demographics
In 1922, Rafah's population was 599, which increased to 1,423 in 1931, and further increased to 2,220 in 1945. In 1982, the total population was approximately 10,800.

In the 1997 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) census, Rafah and its adjacent camp had a combined population of 91,181, Tall as-Sultan was listed with a further 17,141. Refugees made up 80.3% of the entire population. In the 1997 census, Rafah's (together with Rafah camp) gender distribution was 50.5% male and 49.5% female.

In the 2006 PCBS estimate, Rafah city had a population of 71,003, Rafah camp and Tall as-Sultan form separate localities for census purposes, having populations of 59,983 and 24,418, respectively.

Archaeology
Antiochus III, willing to make peace with Ptolemy V, had his daughter Cleopatra I marry Ptolemy V. Their marriage took place in 193 BC in Raphia.

History

Bronze Age Raphia
Rafah has a history stretching back thousands of years. It was first recorded in an inscription of Egyptian Pharaoh Seti I, from 1303 BCE as Rph, and as the first stop on Pharaoh Shoshenq I's campaign to the Levant in 925 BCE. In 720 BCE it was the site of the Assyrian king Sargon II's victory over the Egyptians.

Hellenistic and Roman periods
In 217 BCE the Battle of Raphia was fought between the victorious Ptolemy IV and Antiochus III. It is said to be one of the largest battles ever fought in the Levant, with over a hundred thousand soldiers and hundreds of elephants.

The town was conquered by Alexander Yannai and held by the Hasmoneans until it was rebuilt in the time of Pompey and Gabinius; the latter seems to have done the actual work of restoration for the era of the town dates from 57 BCE. Rafah is mentioned in Strabo (16, 2, 31), the Antonine Itinerary, and is depicted on the Map of Madaba.

Byzantine period
During the Byzantine period, it was a diocese, and Byzantine ceramics and coins have been found there. It was represented at the Council of Ephesus 431 CE by Bishop Romanus, but today remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church but a small Greek Orthodox presence exists.

Early Muslim to Mamluk periods
Rafah was one of the towns captured by the Rashidun army under general 'Amr ibn al-'As in 635 CE, and subsequently was an important trading city during the Early Muslim period. Under the Umayyads and Abbasids, Rafah was the southernmost border of Jund Filastin ("District of Palestine"). According to Arab geographer al-Ya'qubi, it was the last town in the Province of Syria and on the road from Ramla to Egypt.

A Jewish community settled in the city in the 9th and 10th centuries and again in the 12th, although in the 11th century it suffered a decline and in 1080 they migrated to Ashkelon. A Samaritan community also lived there during this period. Like most cities of southern Palestine, ancient Rafah had a landing place on the coast (now Tell Rafah), while the main city was inland.

In 1226, Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi writes of Rafah's former importance in the early Arab period, saying it was "of old a flourishing town, with a market, and a mosque, and hostelries". However, he goes on to say that in its current state, Rafah was in ruins, but was an Ayyubid postal station on the road to Egypt after nearby Deir al-Balah.

Ottoman and Egyptian period
Rafah appeared in the 1596 Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Gaza of the Liwa of Gazza. It had a population of 15 households, all Muslim, who paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops, occasional revenues, goats and/or bee hives.

In 1799, the Revolutionary Army of France commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte passed through Rafah during the invasion of Egypt and Syria.

Rafah was the boundary between the provinces of Egypt and Syria. In 1832, the area came under Egyptian occupation of Muhammad Ali, which lasted until 1840.

The French explorer Victor Guérin, who visited in May 1863, noted two pillars of granite which the locals called Bab el Medinet, meaning "The Gate of the town". In 1881, Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria wrote: "Fragments of gray granite pillars, still standing, are here to be met with about the road, the fields, and the sand, and we saw one lying on the ground half buried... The pillars are the remains of an ancient temple, Raphia, and are of special importance in the eyes of the Arabs, who call them Rafah, as they mark the boundary between Egypt and Syria."

WWI and British Mandate
In 1917, the British army captured Rafah, and used it as a base for their attack on Gaza. The presence of the army bases was an economic draw that brought people back to the city.

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Rafah had a population of 599 inhabitants, all Muslim, increasing in the 1931 census to 1,423, still all Muslims, in 228 houses.

In the 1945 statistics Rafah had a population of 2,220, all Muslims, with 40,579 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 275 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 24,173 used for cereals, while 16,131 dunams were un-cultivable land.

1948–1967

After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Egypt governed the area (see Palestinian Protectorate) and refugee camps were established. In the 1956 war involving Israel, Britain, France, and Egypt, 111 people, including 103 refugees, were killed by the Israeli army in the Palestinian refugee camp of Rafah, during the Rafah massacre. The United Nations was unable to determine the circumstances surrounding the deaths.

During the 1967 Six-Day War, the Israel Defense Forces captured Rafah with the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip, the population was about 55,000, of whom only 11,000 lived in Rafah itself.

On Friday, 9 June 1967, the Israeli army bulldozed & blew up 144 houses in Rafah refugee camp killing 23 inhabitants.

After 1967
In the summer of 1971, the IDF, under General Ariel Sharon (then head of the IDF southern command), destroyed approximately 500 houses in the refugee camps of Rafah in order to create patrol roads for Israeli forces. These demolitions displaced nearly 4,000 people. Israel established the Brazil and Canada housing projects to accommodate displaced Palestinians and to provide better conditions in the hopes of integrating the refugees into the general population and its standard of living; Brazil is immediate south of Rafah, while Canada was just across the border in Sinai. Both were named because UN peacekeeping troops from those respective countries had maintained barracks in those locations. After the 1978 Camp David Accords mandated the repatriation of Canada project refugees to the Gaza Strip, the Tel al-Sultan project, northwest of Rafah, was built to accommodate them.

During the early months of First Intifada on 25 April 1989 Rafah resident Khaled Musa Armilat, aged 22, was shot dead by Israeli soldiers in Khan Yunis. In a letter to a Member of Knesset, March 1990, Defence Minister Yitzhak Rabin stated that the dead man's brother had been interrogated and stated that he had been killed by Border Police but four months later he blamed the army. Rabin added the matter was being investigated by the Israeli Police.
Three and a half weeks after Armilat's killing, 19 May, five civilians including a 50-year-old woman and a 13-year-old boy, were killed in Rafah by Israeli soldiers using plastic bullets. Two of the 12 other casualties later died of their wounds.

In May 2004, the Israeli Government led by, then Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon approved another mass demolition of homes in Rafah. Therefore, he obtained the nickname "the bulldozer".

In September 2005, Israel withdrew from the Gaza strip but Rafah remained divided, with part of it on the Egyptian side of the border under Egyptian rule. It has been claimed that it was in order to cope with the division of the town, that smugglers have made tunnels under the border, connecting the two parts and permitting the smuggling of goods and persons.

Rafah Border Crossing

Rafah is the site of the Rafah Border Crossing, the sole crossing between the Gaza Strip and Egypt. Formerly operated by Israeli military forces, control of the crossing was transferred to the Palestinian Authority in September 2005 as part of the larger Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip. A European Union commission began monitoring the crossing in November 2005 amid Israeli security concerns, and in April 2006, Palestinian Authority chairman Mahmoud Abbas's Presidential Guard assumed responsibility for the site on the Palestinian Authority side.    On the Egyptian side, the responsibility is assumed by the 750 Border Guards allowed by an agreement of Egypt with Israel. The agreement was signed in November 2005 forced by US pressure, and specifies that it is under security requirements demanded by Israel.

Climate
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot semi-arid (BSh).

See also

Rafah, Egypt
Gaza–Egypt border
European Union Border Assistance Mission Rafah
Erez Crossing
Israel–Gaza barrier
Philadelphi Corridor
Rafah Elementary Co-Ed "B" School
Rafah Governorate
Asma al-Ghul

References

Bibliography

External links
 United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
Welcome To The City of Rafah
 Rafah Today, pictures by Palestinian journalist Mohammed Omer
 Rafah Smuggling Tunnels
 Rafah Pundits: Rafah Focused Blog
 Raising Yousuf – Blog by Laila el-Hadad who is a reporter for Aljazeera living in Gaza
 Reports from Rafah
 Interview with Hip Hop Artist Michael Franti – Reporting from Rafah.
 Part A Part B Satellite photos comparing 2001 to 2004.
 Razing Rafah: Mass Home Demolitions in the Gaza Strip – Human Rights Watch
 The Olympia-Rafah Sister City Project – The organization started by people in the communities of Rafah, Gaza, and Olympia, WA
 The Madison-Rafah Sister City Project – A sistering project connecting the communities of Rafah, Gaza, and Madison, WI

Cities in the Gaza Strip
History of Palestine (region)
Divided cities

Municipalities of the State of Palestine

Rafah


Isla San Pedro Nolasco es el nombre que recibe una isla mexicana situada en el golfo de California en la costa del estado de Sonora.

La isla está situada al sur del golfo de California y se encuentra a 15 km desde la costa continental de México. Se trata de un territorio de alrededor de 4,2 kilómetros de largo y 1,2 kilómetros de ancho, con 3,5 km² de superficie total.

San Pedro Nolasco está a 40 kilómetros de Guaymas, la ciudad más cercana. Se encuentra deshabitada por completo y es estéril.

Lleva el nombre del sacerdote francés Pierre Nolasque (en español: Pedro Nolasco), que fundó en Barcelona en el  la Orden de los Mercedarios.

En 2005, la isla fue clasificada junta con otras 244 como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO como parte de las islas y áreas protegidas del Golfo de California.

Véase también
 Geografía de México
 Geografía de América

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de localización de la Isla

Referencias

Archipiélagos e islas de Sonora
Archipiélagos e islas del océano Pacífico de México
Islas y áreas protegidas del Golfo de California
Turismo en el estado de Sonora

Isla San Pedro Nolasco


Rechinul-ciocan (Sphyrna zygaena) este o specie de rechini din familia Sphyrnidae.

Descriere
Rechinul-ciocan este cunoscut și numit după forma anormală a capului, care seamănă cu un ciocan cu ochii dispuși la capetele opuse ale protuberanțelor. Se crede că animalul poate avea un efect stereo mai bun datorită prezenței unor senzori electromagnetici. Se știe că rechinul ciocan poate detecta foarte ușor animalele care se ascund în aluviunile de pe fundul mării. Forma capului poate avea, de asemenea, unele avantaje hidrodinamice.

Rechinul ciocan poate ajunge la 4 metri lungime și poate cântări peste 400 de kilograme. Este măsliniu gri până la gri închis în partea de sus și alb pe partea inferioară.

Răspândire
Este întâlnit în mările temperate si subtropicale. În Europa pătrunde doar în Marea Mediterană. Rareori poate să apară în partea de nord-est a Oceanului Atlantic.

Obiceiuri
Rechinul ciocan se hrănește cu alți rechini mai mici (inclusiv din specia lui), cu pești cartilaginoși, fructe de mare si crustacee. A atacat oameni.

Reproducerea
Rechinul devine matur sexual la o lungime cuprinsă între 2,5 și 3 metri. Un rechin poate hrăni între 30 și 40 de pui vii de 50 de centimetri lungime.

Note

Bibliografie
 Kai Curry-Lindahl 1985. Våra fiskar
 Fishbase

Rechini

Rechin-ciocan


Trespass (engl., dt. wörtlich Übertretung, dt. sinngemäß Besitzstörung) bezeichnet:

 Trespass (Album), Album der Rockband Genesis
 Trespass (englische Band), englische NWoBHM- und Hard-Rock-Band
 Trespass (israelische Band), israelische Progressive-Rock-Band
 Trespass (1992), US-amerikanischer Spielfilm aus dem Jahr 1992
 Trespass (2011), US-amerikanischer Spielfilm aus dem Jahr 2011

Trespass


Le sillon du sinus sigmoïde est un sillon osseux de la face interne de la cavité crânienne.

Il héberge le sinus transverse de la dure-mère.

Il est constitué de trois segments :

 un segment occipital,
 un segment temporal,
 un segment pariétal.

Segment occipital

Le sillon du sinus sigmoïde de l'os occipital  est un segment courbe le long du bord externe de la partie basilaire de l'os occipital et au-dessus de la base du processus jugulaire.

Il se poursuit par le segment temporal.

Segment temporal

Le sillon du sinus sigmoïde de l'os temporal se situe à la base de la face postérieure de la partie pétreuse de l'os temporal.

Dans lu sillon s'ouvre l'ouverture endocrânienne du foramen mastoïdien donnant passage à une veine émissaire.

Il se poursuit par le segment pariétal.

Segment pariétal
Le sillon du sinus sigmoïde de l'os pariétal est un court segment situé à l'angle postérieur et inférieur de la face endocrânienne de l'os pariétal.

Notes et références

Crâne

Sillon du sinus sigmoïde


Stema națională a Singaporelui este simbolul heraldic reprezentând națiunea insulară din sud-estul Asiei Singapore. A fost adoptată în 1959, anul în care Singapore a devenit stat auto-guvernat în cadrul Imperiul Britanic. Comitetul care l-a creat, condus de vice-prim-ministrul Toh Chin Chye, a fost, de asemenea, responsabil pentru realizarea steagului național și a imnului național.

În centrul emblemei se află un scut roșu pe care se află o semilună albă (o lună nouă reprezentând o tânără națiune aflată în ascensiune) și cinci stele albe (reprezentând diverse idealuri naționale, inclusiv multiculturalismul); scutul este susținut de un leu și un tigru (reprezentând Singapore și, respectiv, Malaezia); sub ele este o panglică albastră inscripționată cu text auriu: Majulah Singapura ("Înainte Singapore" în malaieză). Deși utilizarea stemei este limitată pentru guvern, simbolul se bucură de o largă utilizare pe moneda națională și pe decorurile de stat și apare pe coperta pașaportului național.

Istoric
Când Singapore a devenit stat auto-guvernat în 1959, premierul Lee Kuan Yew era hotărât să creeze o stemă pentru noul stat, cât și alte simboluri, care să înlocuiască stema Regatului Unit folosită până atunci. A fost formată o comisie de proiectare a simbolurilor de stat, condusă de vicepremierul Toh Chin Chye, care dorea ca atât stema cât și drapelul Singaporelui să reprezinte societatea unită multietnică a țării.

Stema și steagul au fost create într-o perioadă de două luni de către Toh și comitetul său. O lege care a instituit simbolurile de stat din Singapore a fost prezentată Adunării Naționale de către ministrul culturii S. Rajaratnam și aprobată în noiembrie 1959. La 3 decembrie 1959, stema națională, steagul și imnul au fost prezentate pentru prima dată poporului singaporez.

Într-un interviu din 1989 Toh a spus că, atunci când a fost însărcinat cu crearea simbolurilor de stat, "în afară de imn trebuia să realizăm steagul și stema" și a simțit că noul steag al Singaporelui ar trebui să fie arborat lângă Union Jack. Toh a mai spus:

Simbolism
Emblema centrală a stemei este un scut roșu cu cinci stele albe care se află deasupra unei semilune albe, asemănătoare cu semiluna și cu stelele folosite pe steagul Singaporelui, precum și cu alte simboluri naționale, care sunt steagul național pentru navele civile. Roșul simbolizează "fraternitatea universală și egalitatea omului", iar albul "puritatea și virtutea pătrunzătoare și veșnică". Semiluna reprezintă o lună nouă, care reflectă "o națiune tânără aflată în ascensiune", în timp ce stelele cu cinci colțuri "reprezintă idealurile națiunii de democrație, pace, progres, justiție și egalitate".

Susținătorii scutului sunt un leu și un tigru: tigrul simbolizează legăturile istorice și strânse ale națiunii cu Malaezia (al cărei stat component a fost Singapore din 1963 până în 1965), în timp ce leul reprezintă Singaporele în sine. Sub susținători este o panglică albastră pe care este scris cu auriu motto-ul național, Majulah Singapura. Majulah Singapura este, de asemenea, titlul imnului național și înseamnă "Înainte Singapore" în limba malaieză, limba națională a statului.

Utilizare

În 1985, Autoritatea Monetară din Singapore (AMS) a început să emită a doua serie de monede. Stema este arătată pe partea aversă a acestor monede, înconjurată de o inscripție care cuprinde numele Singapore în cele patru limbi oficiale (chineză, malaieză, tamilă și engleză) și anul imprimării. În 1987, moneda dolar a intrat în circulație cu același model.

În conformitate cu AMS, stema a apărut, de asemenea, pe toate bancnotele din Singapore de la seria "Orhideea" din 1967. Decorurile de stat din Singapore prezintă și ele stema pe medalii. De exemplu, medaliile Darjah Utama Temasek și Sijil Kemuliaan utilizează stema completă, în timp ce medalia Darjah Utama Bakti Cemerlang prezintă doar scutul.

Norme

În conformitate cu Regulile Singaporelui pentru Stemă, Drapel și Imn Național, utilizarea stemei este limitată la guvern. Fără permisiunea explicită din partea Ministerului Informațiilor, Comunicațiilor și Artelor (MICA), niciunei persoane sau grup nu i se permite să tipărească fizic, să producă, să afișeze sau să vândă ceva care să prezinte stema sau să permită realizarea unor astfel de acțiuni. Este, de asemenea, interzisă utilizarea oricărui simbol care poate fi confundat cu stema. Persoanele care doresc să folosească stema într-o lucrare literară trebuie de asemenea să obțină permisiunea prealabilă din partea MICA. Singura excepție prevăzută de reguli este că stema poate fi folosite de către funcționari și ministere guvernamentale pe exteriorul clădirii și pe documentele tipărite.

Referințe

Singapore
Singapore

Stema Singaporelui


Carla Ottosen (født 1886 – død 1959) var en dansk forfatter, lærerinde og forstander for badesanatoriet Frydenstrand.

Tidligt liv
Carla Ottosen blev født den 22. august 1886 til forældrene Hans Rasmussen og Hansine Margrethe Kristiane Christensen. Familien boede i Frederikshavn og hendes far arbejdede som grosserer.

I 1905 tog Carla Ottosen folkeskolelærerindeeksamen fra Københavns forskoleseminarium og senere i 1914 supplerede hun med lærerindeeksamen fra Femmers kvindeseminarium. Herefter arbejdede hun som kommunelærerinde i København frem til 1924.

Hendes helbred skrantede, og hun begyndte derfor i 1911 som patient på Frydenstrand badesanatorium ved Frederikshavn. Sanatoriet blev drevet af det adventistiske Skandinavisk Filantropisk Selskab (SFS) og Sanatoriets direktør var læge Carl Ottosen, som senere blev Carlas ægtefælle.

Direktør for sanatoriet
Gennem sine mange besøg på sanatoriet, blev Carla Ottosen interesseret i adventismen, og adventisternes ønske om at fremme sund kost og diæt. Det inspirerede hende til i 1920 at begynde at skrive for den kvindelige afholdspresse og blive medlem af Skodborg Afhold og Sundhedsforening to år senere.

i 1923 blev hun gift med Carl Ottosen. Herefter kom hun til at stå for den daglige ledelse af Frydenstrand og Skodborg badesanatorium, som begge var grundlagt af Carl Ottosen. Da hendes mand døde i 1942, overtog hun direktørposten for badesanatorierne ved Frederikshavn, som hun bestræd frem til 1952.

Efter anden verdenskrig, blev der under hendes ledelse etableret en fysionterapeutskole ved sanatoriet. Denne skole var en af de første lægeautoriserede skoler i Danmark.

Carla Ottosen var involveret i den kristelige afholdsforening for kvinder, Det Hvide Baand, hvor hun var formand fra 1930-33. Hun var redaktør for foreningens blad Mors Blad fra 1927-39 og for børneafholdsbladet Nordlyset i 1923-28. Hun skrev også artikler til Sundhedsbladet, som var en del af SFS.

Hun havde stor betydning for udbredelsen af det adventistiske budskab i gennem sit arbejde for afholdsbevægelsen og arbejde for en sundere kost til både syge og raske. Hun udgav en række kogebøger, hvoraf mange blev oversat til andre skandinaviske sprog og udkom i flere oplag. Hun var stor fortaler for vegetarismen, og en stor del af hendes forfatterskab centrerede sig om dette.

Hun skrev også to romaner, og udgav i fællesskab med Arne Hall Jensen en biografi om sin afdøde mand.

Bibliografi

 Vegetarisk kogebog for enhver husholdning, 1926
 Af Storbyens Dagbog, 1929
 Kontraster, 1933
 Nem vegetarisk mad, 1933
 Vegetariske retter, 1933
 Moderne sukkersyge-kost, 1934
 Hvorledes bliver jeg slank, 1937
 En Kampens Mand, 1958

Eksterne henvisninger
 Carla Ottosen på Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon
 Frydenstrand - En Hemmelighed Fra Arkivet fra Frederikshavn Stadsarkiv

Referencer

Forfattere fra Danmark i det 20. århundrede
Erhvervskvinder
Direktører fra Danmark
Vegetarer

Carla Ottosen


Ségolène Vandevelde, née vers 1992, est une archéologue française de la Préhistoire, dont les recherches s'intéressent à la transition entre Paléolithiques moyen et supérieur. Elle s'est fait connaître par son invention de la fuliginochronologie, l'étude des dépôts de suie dans un lieu, une grotte par exemple, pour déterminer la chronologie des différentes occupations humaines de ce lieu.

Formation
Ségolène Vandevelde est la fille d'une mère médecin et d'un père ingénieur horticole. Durant son adolescence, pendant des vacances à Berlin, elle est initiée notamment à la fouille archéologique, au dessin scientifique ainsi qu'à la restauration de vases et à la reconstitution faciale. Après son baccalauréat au Lycée David-d'Angers, elle effectue des études d'anthropologie à l'université de Montréal, au Québec ( explique-t-elle, ) jusqu'en 2013, puis d'archéologie à l'université d'Aix-Marseille jusqu'en 2015. Après une étude de terrain dans la grotte Mandrin, elle obtient ensuite un doctorat d'archéologie à l'université Panthéon-Sorbonne en 2019, sous la direction de Christophe Petit, avec une thèse intitulée Y'a pas de suie sans feu ! : étude micro-chronologique des concrétions fuligineuses. Étude de cas : le site paléolithique de la Grotte Mandrin.

Intéressée par la réflexivité en archéologie, elle crée en 2017 avec Béline Pasquini, également doctorante en archéologie, l'association Archéo-éthique. En 2019, accompagnées de Laura Mary du projet Paye ta truelle, elles conçoivent l'exposition itinérante Archéo-sexisme.

Travaux
Ségolène Vandevelde devient chercheuse au laboratoire d'Archéologies environnementales ArScAn (UMR 7041), à Paris.

Les techniques qu'elle a mises au point sur l'étude des dépôts de suie font désormais référence et sont utilisées par exemple dans une nouvelle étude publiée en février 2022 sur la présence respective de l'Homme de Néandertal et d'Homo sapiens dans la grotte Mandrin, près de Montélimar, dans la vallée du Rhône, à la charnière du Paléolithique moyen et du Paléolithique supérieur.

Prix et récompenses
Ségolène Vandevelde a reçu plusieurs distinctions, aides et récompenses, dont la bourse L'Oréal-Unesco pour les Femmes et la Science en 2018, le prix de thèse de la Commission de la recherche de l'Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne en 2019, et le Prix Jeune Chercheur de la Fondation des Treilles en 2020.

Publications

Références

Filmographie
 Rob Hope, Crépuscule néandertalien… Pour aube moderne, 2016, 52 minutes, Y. N. Productions, Ville de Malataverne, Montagne TV, avec Ludovic Slimak, Tom Higham, Eske Willerslev, Laure Metz, et Ségolène Vandevelde. Prix du jury et du public du festival de films d'archéologie à Narbonne en

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Grotte Mandrin

Liens externes

Préhistorien français
Archéologue française
Personnalité féminine française
Étudiant de l'Université de Montréal
Étudiant de l'université d'Aix-Marseille
Docteur de l'université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne

Ségolène Vandevelde


Charles Victor Pasqua (18 April 192729 June 2015) was a French businessman and Gaullist politician. He was Interior Minister from 1986 to 1988, under Jacques Chirac's cohabitation government, and also from 1993 to 1995, under the government of Edouard Balladur.

Early life and family background
Pasqua was born on 18 April 1927 in Grasse, Alpes-Maritimes. His paternal grandfather was a shepherd from Casevecchie, Corsica and he could speak Corsican fluently. As of 1987, his cousin served as the Mayor of Casevecchie.

During World War II, Pasqua joined the French Resistance at the age of sixteen.

He subsequently received his Baccalauréat, followed by a degree in Law.

Business career
From 1952 to 1971 Pasqua worked for Ricard, a producer of alcoholic beverages (most notably pastis), starting as a salesman.

In 1971, he founded Euralim, also known as Europe-Alimentation, an importer of Americano, a cocktail made by the Italian company Gancia.

Politics
In 1947, Pasqua helped create the section of the Gaullist Party RPF movement for the Alpes-Maritimes. With Jacques Foccart and Achille Peretti, he was the co-founder of the Service d'Action Civique (SAC) in 1959 to counter the terrorist actions of the OAS during the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962). The SAC would be charged with the underground actions of the Gaullist movement and participated in the organization of the 30 May 1968 Gaullist counter-demonstration.

From 1968 to 1973, Pasqua was deputy to the French National Assembly for the Hauts-de-Seine département for the UDR party, of which he was a leading member from 1974 to 1976. He helped Jacques Chirac to take the lead of the party and participated in its transformation into the Rally for the Republic (RPR). Counsellor of Jacques Chirac alongside Marie-France Garaud, he was in charge of the organisation of Chirac's campaign for the 1981 presidential election, won by the candidate of the Socialist Party (PS), François Mitterrand (1981–1995). As such, he is considered to be Chirac's mentor in politics.

From 1981 to 1986 Pasqua was senator for the Hauts-de-Seine, then president of the RPR group in the Senate. From 1986 to 1988 he was Interior Minister (in charge of law enforcement). In 1992, he called a vote against the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty. He became Interior Minister again from 1993 to 1995, and supported the candidacy of Edouard Balladur at the 1995 presidential election. He is mostly remembered for having pushed a series of anti-immigration laws (lois Pasqua), and for his declaration "we will terrorize the terrorists."

Pasqua headed the Rally for France (RPF), a sovereigntist (Eurosceptic) party, for a while in association with Philippe de Villiers. At the 1999 European Parliament election, their list got ahead of the RPR list. He served as the President of the General Council of the Hauts-de-Seine from 1988 to 2004. In 2004, he was elected senator by an electoral college.

In 2005, a US Senate report accused him, along with the British Respect politician George Galloway, of profiting illegally from the UN's oil-for-food scheme. He and other French defendants were cleared of all charges in 2013 by a Paris court.

In 2008, Pasqua was convicted of illegal lobbying in the Mitterrand–Pasqua affair during his time serving as French Interior Minister.  Sentenced in 2009 to serve one year of a three-year jail term, he was acquitted on appeal in 2011.

Personal life and death
Pasqua was married to Jeanne Joly, from Quebec, Canada. They had a son, , who died in February 2015.

He died of a heart attack on 29 June 2015 at the Foch Hospital in Suresnes, near Paris.

References

1927 births
2015 deaths
People from Grasse
French people of Corsican descent
Politicians from Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Rally of the French People politicians
Union for the New Republic politicians
Union of Democrats for the Republic politicians
Rally for the Republic politicians
French interior ministers
Deputies of the 4th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Hauts-de-Seine
Presidents of the General Council of Hauts-de-Seine
Rally for France MEPs
MEPs for France 1999–2004
Mitterrand–Pasqua affair
French politicians convicted of crimes
French Resistance members

Charles Pasqua


Le massacre de Tadamon est un massacre qui a eu lieu à Tadamon, quartier de Damas, la capitale syrienne, le , pendant la guerre civile syrienne. Des soldats affiliés aux forces armées syriennes, en particulier la branche 227 de la division du renseignement militaire, ont tué plus de 280 civils, qui ont été emmenés dans l'un des quartiers isolés de Damas, et les ont exécutés en les précipitant dans une fosse commune préparée à l'avance. Les images de ce massacre, exfiltrées, ont donné lieu à de longues enquêtes, qui donnent lieu, en 2022, à des plaintes pour crime de guerre déposées dans plusieurs pays d'Europe, et ont en partie été rendues publiques. Selon le MAE français, le massacre de Tadamon serait possiblement constitutif de crime contre l'humanité.

Contexte
Dans le contexte de la guerre civile syrienne, le massacre a lieu alors que les factions armées rebelles se préparent à entrer dans la capitale, Damas, et à commencer la bataille pour prendre la capitale. À cette époque, les forces du régime syrien contrôlent les deux tiers du quartier d'Al-Tadamon, tandis que l'opposition contrôle le reste du quartier. Le massacre a eu lieu dans la partie sud-est du quartier, plus précisément dans une zone proche de la ligne de contact avec l'opposition, rue Daaboul, en face de la mosquée Othman, entre deux immeubles inhabités.

Massacre
Le 16 avril 2013, des soldats affiliés au régime syrien exécutent au moins 41 personnes près de la mosquée Othman dans le quartier de Tadamon, en les précipitant dans un fosse préparée à l'avance au milieu d'une rue inhabitée. Le massacre a lieu pendant une journée, alors que les soldats filment les assassinats dans leur intégralité. Pendant les exécutions, les yeux des victimes sont bandés avec du ruban adhésif ou une pellicule de plastique, et leurs mains sont attachées dans leur dos avec une sangle en plastique généralement utilisée pour  fixer les câbles électriques. Après avoir fini de tirer sur les victimes, une par une, les soldats du régime incendient les corps des victimes en brûlant des pneus qui avaient été préalablement précipités dans la fosse, afin d'empêcher leur identification.

Images divulguées et enquête
Une partie des images des exécutions sont divulguées sur Internet en avril 2022, montrant deux hommes vêtus d'uniformes de l'armée syrienne conduisant 41 hommes à une fosse pré-creusée dans une rue, peu de temps avant de leur tirer dessus, un par un, puis de mettre le feu aux corps dans la fosse. Le 27 avril 2022, le journal britannique The Guardian publie une longue enquête décrivant les détails du massacre et plusieurs extraits d'un enregistrement vidéo

Ces images ont été exfiltrées par un ancien militaire qui les a transmises à un contact en France. Elles ont été étudiées par deux chercheurs, dont le spécialiste des crimes de masses Uğur Ümit Üngör, et une chercheuse syrienne, Annsar Shahoud, qui ont enquêté, sur internet, pour retrouver l'identité et obtenir les aveux d'un militaire qui apparaît sur la vidéo. Le résultat de leurs recherches, les aveux obtenus et les preuves récoltées ont été remises aux services de justice néerlandaise, allemande et française.

Parmi l'ensemble des vidéos exfiltrées, qui montrent, au total, l'exécution de plus de 280 civils (288 a priori), une seule a été publiée. Elle montre à elle seule l'exécution de 41 des victimes.

Auteurs
Les auteurs ont été identifiés, à la suite d'une enquête, comme étant l'adjudant Amjad Youssef et le milicien des Forces de Défense Nationales (NDF) Najib al-Halabi, qui a lui-même été tué plus tard dans la guerre. Pendant la vidéo du massacre, l'un des soldats procédant aux exécutions s'adresse à l'objectif de la caméra, s'adressant à son patron dans le dialecte syrien, en disant : « Pour vos yeux, professeur, et pour les yeux du costume d'huile que vous ne portiez pas».

Amjad Youssef avait rejoint l'école de renseignement militaire située dans le quartier de Maysaloun dans la banlieue de Dimas, à Damas en 2004, où il passe neuf mois de formation intensive. En 2011, il rejoint la branche 227 du renseignement militaire syrien, connue pour être responsable de l'arrestation, de la torture et du meurtre d'un certain nombre d'opposants politiques au régime. Il aurait avoué le massacre, ainsi que des viols, aux chercheurs ayant mené l'enquête.

En mai 2022, peu après la publication de l'enquête et de la vidéo le mettant en cause, il est soumis à une disparition forcée et est emprisonné par le régime. Le fait que cet emprisonnement ait eu lieu sans chef d'accusation, mandat d'arrêt ni arrestation légale, fait dire à Fadel Abdul Ghany, directeur du Réseau syrien des droits humains, que l'objectif du régime est probablement de faire disparaître un témoin du massacre, qui pourrait donc, selon lui, impliquer des responsables plus haut placés.

Victimes
Après la diffusion des images sur internet, en 2022, des familles syriennes reconnaissent des proches, disparus, le plus souvent lors de contrôles à des checkpoints des quartiers voisins, plusieurs sont des Palestiniens syriens du quartier de Yarmouk.

Réactions internationales et retentissement
Pour Farouk Mardam-Bey et Catherine Coquio, ni l'enquête du Guardian, ni la vidéo du massacre, qu'ils qualifient d'absolument insupportable, inimaginable et unique, n'ont été vraiment diffusés ni couverts dans la presse.

En mars 2023, les États-Unis interdisent d'entrée sur leur territoire Amjad Yousef.

Justice
Les documents et preuves récoltés ont été remis aux services de justice néerlandaise, allemande et française.

Le 12 août 2022, le ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères français annonce dans un communiqué  avoir été destinataire d'une importante documentation; notamment constituée de « très nombreuses photographies et vidéos », relative à de possibles crimes et faisant « état d'atrocités commises par les forces pro-régime lors du massacre de Tadamon, à Damas, en 2013 ». Le ministère salue le courage des défenseurs des droits humains ayant permis cette documentation et annonce avoir a signalé les faits et transmis ces éléments au parquet national antiterroriste et conclut : .

Références

Massacre de la guerre civile syrienne
Crime de guerre en Syrie
2013 en Syrie
Damas
Affaire judiciaire en cours

Massacre de Tadamon


Die Mexiko-Rundfahrt (Vuelta y Ruta de Mexico) ist ein Straßenradrennen in Mexiko.

Seit 1948 findet das Etappenrennen jährlich mit Unterbrechungen statt. Es gab aber ständige Differenzen zwischen privaten Investoren und der mexikanischen Regierung. Die Streckenlänge und Anzahl der Etappen variierte stark. 1999 wurde die Vuelta al Centro de la República endgültig gestrichen. 2008 wurde eine neue, jährliche Rundfahrt – die Vuelta y Ruta de Mexico – begonnen. Dieses Etappenrennen ist in die UCI America Tour (UCI-Kategorie 2.2) eingestuft.

Sieger

Anmerkungen

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

  (spanisch)
 ciclismomexiko

Etappenrennen
Straßenradrennen in Mexiko
Erstveranstaltung 1948

Mexiko-Rundfahrt


نياجارا فولز  هي مدينة في ولاية نيويورك الأمريكية. تقع بجوار نهر نياجارا، على الجانب الآخر من مدينة نياجارا فولز (اونتاريو) ، وتسمى على اسم شلالات نياجارا الشهيرة التي يشاركونها .يبلغ عدد سكانها حسب تعداد سنة 2000: 55,593 نسمة. ويبلغ عددهم حسب تقدير 2007 حوالي:51,645 نسمة.

في حين أن المدينة كانت محتلة من قبل الأمريكيين الأصليين، فإن الأوروبيين الذين هاجروا إلى شلالات نياغارا في منتصف القرن السابع عشر بدأوا في فتح الأعمال التجارية وتطوير البنية التحتية. في وقت لاحق في القرنين الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر، بدأ العلماء ورجال الأعمال في تسخير قوة نهر نياغارا لتوليد الكهرباء وبدأت المدينة في جذب المصنعين والشركات الأخرى بسبب الطاقة الكهرومائية غير المكلفة .اما بعد ستينيات القرن العشرين، شهدت المدينة والمنطقة تدهورًا اقتصاديًا، وذلك بعد محاولة للتجديد الحضاري تحت قيادة رئيس البلدية آنذاك «لاكي».

جغرافيا
تقع شلالات نياجرا على الحدود الدولية بين الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية وكندا. تقع المدينة داخل منطقة بوفالو (نياجارا فولز) الحضرية وعلى بعد حوالي 16 ميل (26 كم) من بوفالو، نيويورك. وفقًا لمكتب الإحصاء الأمريكي، تبلغ مساحة المدينة 16.8 ميل مربع (44 كم مربع) ، منها 14.1 ميل مربع (37 كم مربع) من اليابسة و 2.8 ميل مربع (7.3 كم مربع) منها (16.37٪) هو الماء.

المناخ
منطقة نياجارا فولز حارة جدا في الصيف ومثلجة في الشتاء، كانت درجات الحرارة الأكثر سخونة وبرودة في العقد الماضي, 97 درجة فهرنهايت (36 درجة مئوية) في عام 2005 و -13 درجة فهرنهايت (-25 درجة مئوية) في عام 2003 ، على التوالي. 38 ٪ من هطول الأمطار في فصل الشتاء الحار في شكل عاصفة رعدية.

أعلام

 بوب هيل
 هاري ستاين
 بيتر بويل بورتر
 أغسطس سايمور بورتر
 أبريل ستيفنز
 رشاد إيفانز
 فرانشوت تون
 تشارلز سيفرز
 جوني فلين

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في منطقة البحيرات العظمى
مدن في مقاطعة نياغرا (نيويورك)
مدن ولاية نيويورك

نياجارا فولز (نيويورك)


An Guzmania glomerata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Christian Mez ngan Karl Carl Wercklé. An Guzmania glomerata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Guzmania, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Guzmania

Guzmania glomerata


Richard Howard Stafford Crossman OBE (15 de dezembro de 1907 - 5 de abril de 1974) foi um político do Partido Trabalhista britânico. Professor universitário de clássicos, foi eleito membro do Parlamento em 1945 e tornou-se uma figura significativa entre os defensores do sionismo no partido. Ele era um bevanita à esquerda do partido e membro de longa data do Comitê Executivo Nacional do Trabalho (NEC) desde 1952.

Crossman foi ministro do gabinete nos governos de Harold Wilson de 1964 a 1970, primeiro para Habitação, depois como Líder da Câmara dos Comuns e depois para Serviços Sociais. No início dos anos 1970, Crossman era editor do New Statesman. Ele é lembrado por seus diários altamente reveladores de três volumes de um ministro do gabinete, publicados postumamente.

Crossman nasceu em Bayswater, Londres, filho de Charles Stafford Crossman, um advogado e mais tarde juiz da Suprema Corte, e Helen Elizabeth (nascida Howard). Helen era da família Howard de Ilford, descendente de Luke Howard, um quacre químico e meteorologista que fundou a empresa farmacêutica Howards and Sons.

Ver também

Políticos da Inglaterra

Richard Crossman


An Mormolyca cleistogama in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Friedrich Gustav Brieger ngan Rolf Dieter Illg, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Mario Alberto Blanco. An Mormolyca cleistogama in nahilalakip ha genus nga Mormolyca, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mormolyca

Mormolyca cleistogama


Kilij Arslan I (în , în ) a fost sultanul Sultanatului selgiuc de Rum în perioada anilor 1092–1107. El a condus sultanatul în timpul primei Cruciade și prin urmare a suferit primul din partea invaziilor cruciaților. Cu toate acestea, el a restabilit sultanatul de Rum după moartea lui Malik Șah I și i-a învins pe cruciați în trei bătălii în timpul cruciadei din 1101.

Domnie
Kilij Arslan pentru o perioadă îndelungată de timp s-a aflat în prizonierat în Persia. După ce a scăpat de acolo, a obținut din nou tronul paternal și și-a extins posesiunile în detrimentul bizantinior. La începutul primei Cruciade, cruciații au început să traverseze Sultanatul, prima mulțime, slab organizată formată în mare parte din țărani, condusă de Petre Sihastrul, a fost înfrântă complet (1097), însă nu a putut face față armatei și cavaleriei grele a lui Godefroy de Bouillon.

La 14 mai 1097, cruciații lui Bouillon s-au apropiat de Niceea, un oraș bizantin capturat de selgiucizi. Garnizoana orașului a trimis în grabă un mesager lui Arslan, care la acel moment era angajat într-un război cu Danișmenizii în Cappadocia pentru posesia orașului Melitene. Kilij nu a reușit să transfere trupele în Niceea și orașul asediat a fost cucerit și transferat împăratului Bizantin Alexie I Comnenul; ulteror cruciații l-au învins la Dorileea, în Pisidia. În Cappadocia, Kilij Arslan a învins armata daneză din 1.500 de ostași a lui Sven Cruciatul, fiul regelui Svend al II-lea al Danemarcei. În timpul asediului sângeros al Antiohiei, Kilij Arslan a luptat până la urmă, însă creștinii au fost decisivi.

Ulterior, Kilij Arslan în 1101, a distrus trei corpuri de trupe creștine recent sosite. Din acel moment, cruciații au ales o altă cale de trecere spre Palestina, ocolind sultanatul de Rum. Kilij și-a petrecut sfârșitul vieții luptând împotriva emirilor rebeli și sa scufundat în timpul uneia dintre bătălii.

Războiul și moartea în Siria

După cruciade, el sa mutat spre est, luând pe Harran și pe Diyarbakir. În 1107 el a cucerit Mosul, dar a fost învins de Mehmed I de Marele Seljuq susținut de Ortoqids și Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan de la Aleppo la bătălia de pe râul Khabur. După ce a pierdut bătălia, Kilij Arslan a murit încercând să fugă peste râu.

Note

Bibliografie
Anatolia in the Period of the Seljuks and the Beyliks, Osman Turan, The Cambridge History of Islam, Ed. Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton and Bernard Lewis, (Cambridge University Press, 1970), 239.
Brand, Charles M. (1989). "The Turkish Element in Byzantium, Eleventh-Twelfth Centuries". Dumbarton Oaks Papers. Vol. 43.
Runciman, Steven, A History of the Crusades, vol. 2: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187 (Cambridge University Press, 1951), 110.[1]

Nașteri în 1079
Sultani de Rum
Oameni ai Primei Cruciade
Decese prin înec
Decese în 1107

Kilij Arslan I


Karanlıkaltı (Underdark) Zindanlar ve Ejderhalar evreninde yer altı dünyasına verilen isimdir. Karanlıkaltı neredeyse tüm kıtanın altını kaplayan bir mağaralar ve tüneller sistemidir.

Karanlıkaltı neredeyse tüm sakinlerinin yeryüzü ırklarına düşman olduğu acımasız garip ve yabancı bir dünyadır. İlk olarak Greyhawk evreninde ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna rağmen en çok materyal Unutulmuş Diyarlar dekoru için mevcuttur.

Karanlıkaltı sakinleri
Karanlıkaltı son derece tehlikeli bir yerdir, özellikle de oraya özgü olmayanlar için. Klostrofobi, zayıf hava sirkülasyonu, ve kaybolma gibi mağaralarla ilgili olağan tehlikeler mevcuttur. Bunun yanında ara sıra bazı floresan mantarlardan süzülen dışında hiç ışık yoktur. Birçok Karanlıkaltı sakinin görme dışında ya çok gelişmiş duyuları ya da infagörüşleri vardır. Yiyecek bulmak son derece zor olabilir ve doğal bitkilerin çoğu genellikle zehirlidir.

 beholderlar
 derro (deli insansılar)
 drow (kara elfler)
 duergar (gri cüceler)
 cüce
 illithidler (beyin emiciler)
 kuo-toa
 svirfneblin (derin gnomeları)

Kurgusal yer altı
Unutulmuş Diyarlar

Karanlıkaltı


Kosin ist der Name folgender Orte in Polen:
 Kosin (Annopol), Ortschaft in der Gmina Annopol in der Woiwodschaft Lublin
 Kosin (Czaplinek), deutsch Heidhof, Ortschaft in der Gmina Czaplinek in der Woiwodschaft Westpommern
 Kosin (Drezdenko), deutsch Neu Dessau, Ortschaft in der Gmina Drezdenko in der Woiwodschaft Lebus
 Kosin (Góra Świętej Małgorzaty), Ortschaft in der Gmina Góra Świętej Małgorzaty in der Woiwodschaft Lodz
 Kosin (Przelewice), deutsch Kossin, Ortschaft in der Gmina Przelewice in der Woiwodschaft Westpommern

Kosin ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Sergei Andrejewitsch Kosin (1879–1956), sowjetischer Mongolist
 Wadim Alexejewitsch Kosin (1903–1994), sowjetischer Sänger
 Wiktor Michailowitsch Kosin (* 1953), russischer Ingenieurwissenschaftler und Erfinder

Siehe auch:
 Kosyn (Begriffsklärung)
 Kozin
 Kossin, Dorf in Brandenburg

Kosin


Dead Beat Project est un projet de musique électronique français de l'ancien claviériste d'Esoteric, Olivier Goyet.

Biographie
Goyet forme Dead Beat Project en 2005, alors qu'il était encore claviériste pour le groupe de funeral doom Esoteric. Le premier album  sort en 2007 sur Aesthetic Death Records. Les réactions à l'album donnent lieu à différentes collaborations de Goyet. Des cinéastes comme Ben Stailey et Rossana Jeran ont notamment repris la musique du Dead Beat Project ou ont coopéré avec Goyet pour de nouveaux projets.

Avec l'artiste de performance et danseuse Gwam, Goyet forme l'Alliance for Art Science and Nature en tant que projet artistique permanent, qui coopère avec différents artistes et scientifiques afin de sensibiliser le public au respect de l'environnement. De ce projet naît la performance R'Evolution = Evolution, Rêve, Révolution en  à Montpellier. La musique de la performance, enregistrée par Goyet Live, est publiée en 2011 comme deuxième album du Dead Beat Project R'evolution. En 2013, le troisième album, Samsara, sort, comme le précédent, sur le label britannique AD Music.

Style musical
Le premier album est qualifié de néoclassique par la presse spécialisée et comparé à des groupes comme In the Nursery. Ailleurs, l'album a été qualifié d'ambient et d'electronica et comparé à Skinny Puppy. Alors que le premier album est considéré comme ayant une atmosphère sombre, les albums suivants sont considérés comme ayant une atmosphère plus positive, ce qui fait qu'ils sont davantage classés dans l'ambient, malgré une structure similaire.

Goyet arrange différents instruments, effets électroniques et divers samples en couches superposées. Il recourt souvent au son d'instruments classiques et ethniques. Le chant varie entre l'éthéré et le spoken word.

Discographie
 2007 :  (album, Aesthetic Death Records)
 2011 :  (album, Ad Music Ltd.)
 2013 :  (album, Ad Music Ltd.)

Notes et références

Groupe français de musique électronique
Groupe d'electronica
Groupe d'ambient
Groupe musical formé en 2005

Dead Beat Project


محافظة كوانغ نام  ( بالفيتنامية : Quảng Nam ) هي إحدى محافظات فيتنام. وتقع في الساحل وسط جنوبي.

أعلام
 إميليو أ. دي لا غارزا
 رالف إي. دياز
 ديفيد ر. راي
 فو تشي كونغ
 تان سين هوين

المصادر

كوانغ نام
محافظات فيتنام

محافظة كوانغ نام


Clacuc (Klakuk) ist ein osttimoresischer Ort und Suco im Verwaltungsamt Fatuberlio (Gemeinde Manufahi).

Geographie

Vor der Gebietsreform 2015 hatte Clacuc eine Fläche von 105,82 km². Nun sind es 99,35 km². Der Suco liegt im Osten des Verwaltungsamts Fatuberlio. Westlich befinden sich die Sucos Fatucahi und Caicassa. Im Osten grenzt Clacuc an die zur Gemeinde Manatuto gehörenden Verwaltungsämter Soibada mit dem Suco Samoro und Barique mit den Sucos Manehat und Uma Boco. Im Süden liegt die Timorsee. Entlang der Ostgrenze fließt der Sáhen und der Grenzfluss zu Nordfatucahi ist der Oricani, ein Nebenfluss des Clerec. Im Süden liegen mehrere Seen und Lagunen, so der Welada (Lagoa Lada) und der Modomahia (Modo Mahut).

Quer durch Clacuc führt die südliche Küstenstraße, eine der wichtigsten Überlandstraßen des Landes. An ihr liegen die meisten Orte des Sucos, die sich wie eine Perlenkette an ihr aufreihen. Dies sind Haleborliuk (Haleberliuk), Clacuc, Haslulucmodoc, Saluquim (Selucin), Uebicas (Webicas, Uebicas), Mane Hat (Manehat, ), Welaluhu, Fatubese (Fatubesi) und Fatumotin. Weiter südlich liegen weitere Siedlungen, wie Fatuboec und Kicras.

Der Ort Clacuc liegt im Osten des Sucos, auf einer Meereshöhe von . Hier befindet sich die Grundschule des Sucos, die Escola primaria Clacuc.

Welaluhu ist der Hauptort des Verwaltungsamts. Hier befindet sich ein kommunales Gesundheitszentrum, ein provisorischer Hubschrauberlandeplatz, eine prä-Sekundärschule und die zweite Grundschule des Sucos. Die dritte Grundschule liegt im Süden. In Uebicas gibt es eine Vorschule.

Im Suco befinden sich die fünf Aldeias Mane Hat, Nalolo, Saluquim, Tiro und Uebicas.

Einwohner

In Clacuc leben 2.666 Einwohner (2022), davon sind 1.394 Männer und 1.272 Frauen. Im Suco gibt es 458 Haushalte. Fast 84 % der Einwohner geben Tetum Terik als ihre Muttersprache an. Über 13 % sprechen Tetum Prasa, über 2 % Lakalei und Minderheiten Mambai und Galoli.

Geschichte

Von Kicras aus wurde im Zweiten Weltkrieg ein Großteil der letzten australischen Soldaten auf Timor in der Nacht vom 9. zum 10. Januar, zusammen mit 50 Portugiesen, vom Zerstörer HMAS Arunta evakuiert.

In Welaluhu wurden 1981 die Einwohner von Caicassa durch die indonesischen Besatzer zwangsangesiedelt. Viele Timoresen starben an Malaria und Hunger.

Ende 2012 besetzten über 1.000 Anhänger der Organisation CPD-RDTL unter der Führung von Generalkoordinator Aitahan Matak eine größere Fläche in Welaluhu, nahe Weberec, die der dortigen Dorfgemeinschaft gehört. Der Administrator des damaligen Subdistrikts Fatuberlio Tobias Hornay sprach von 7.000 Mitgliedern der CPD-RDTL, die Organisation selbst von sogar 11.000. Als Anlass wurde das hundertjährige Jubiläum der Rebellion von Manufahi unter dem Liurai Boaventura gewählt. Da sie Macheten und Uniformen trugen, fühlte sich die lokale Bevölkerung von ihnen bedroht und verlangten ihren Abzug. Aitahan Matak verneinte eine kriminelle Handlung. Man wolle hier in einer Kooperative Landwirtschaft betreiben, um Osttimor unabhängig von Importen zu machen. Auch gäbe es keine illegalen Geldsammlungen. Man nehme nur Spenden an, um das Projekt zu finanzieren. Auch bestritt die CPD-RDTL, dass sie Vieh der Einheimischen gestohlen und geschlachtet habe. Die lokale Bevölkerung beklagten, dass deren Felder von der CPD-RDTL besetzt worden wären, während die Organisation von ungenutzten Flächen sprach, die zuvor von den Indonesiern für ihr Umsiedlungsprogramm genutzt wurden und daher nun dem Staat gehörten. Die Regierung konnte das Problem bisher nicht lösen. Staatspräsident Taur Matan Ruak und das Kabinett forderten Premierminister Xanana Gusmão auf, Polizei (PNTL) und Soldaten der Verteidigungskräfte Osttimors (F-FDTL) zu entsenden, um die öffentliche Ordnung aufrechtzuerhalten. Der Oberkommandierende der Armee Lere Anan Timur erklärte, er sehe keine Gefahr durch die CPD-RDTL und glaube auch nicht an Straftaten. Die CPD-RDTL habe es nur versäumt vor der Ansiedlung die lokalen Führer und die Dorfgemeinschaft zu kontaktieren.

Politik
Bei den Wahlen von 2004/2005 wurde Albino Francisco zum Chefe de Suco gewählt. Bei den Wahlen 2009 gewann Viriato Dc. Fernandes und 2016 Manuel Sarmento.

Weblinks

 Ergebnisse des Zensus 2010 für den Suco Clacuc (tetum; PDF; 8,4 MB)
 Ergebnisse des Zensus 2015 für den Suco Clacuc (tetum; PDF)
 Seeds of Life: Suco information sheets Fatuberlio (tetum)

Einzelnachweise

Suco in Manufahi
Ort in Manufahi

Clacuc


Agrilus diversornatus é uma espécie de inseto coleóptero polífago pertencente à família dos buprestídeos. É um dos representantes do gênero Agrilus.

Foi descrita formalmente pela primeira vez em 2011, por Eduard Jendek e publicado em uma colaboração com Vasily Viktorovich Grebennikov.

Referências

diversornatus

Agrilus diversornatus


Henning Helbrandt, né le  à Copenhague et mort le , est un footballeur international danois. Il évoluait au poste de milieu de terrain.

Biographie

En club

Henning Helbrandt est joueur du Kjøbenhavns Boldklub de 1953 à 1969. Il joue en 1961 avec le Stævnet København qui rassemble les meilleurs joueurs de Copenhague en Coupe des villes de foire.

En compétitions européennes, il joue 3 rencontres pour un but marqué en Coupe des clubs champions et 7 matchs pour aucun but marqué en Coupe des villes de foire.

En équipe nationale

International danois, il reçoit trois sélections pour aucun but marqué en équipe du Danemark en 1961.

Son premier match a lieu le  contre la Suède (défaite 1-2 à Copenhague) dans le cadre du Championnat nordique.

Le , il joue contre la Norvège toujours en championnat nordique (victoire 4-0 à Oslo).

Son dernier match en sélection a lieu le  en amical contre l'Allemagne de l'Ouest (défaite 1-5 à Dusseldorf).

Palmarès
 Danemark
 Jeux olympiques :
  Argent : 1960.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur international danois
Joueur du Copenhague BK
Médaillé d'argent olympique danois
Footballeur aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1960
Naissance en mars 1935
Naissance à Copenhague
Décès en septembre 2020
Décès à 75 ans

Henning Helbrandt


Baudenkmäler nach Ortsteilen

Lengenwang

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Albisried

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Außerlengenwang

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Enisried

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Ried

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Sigratsbold

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Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Lengenwang

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

Lengenwang
!

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Lengenwang


مصطفى الخاني (1 يناير 1979  -)، ممثل سوري، خريج المعهد العالي للفنون المسرحية 2001. شارك في مسلسل الشهير «باب الحارة» بدور النمس والواوي، ويُعد من أهم أعماله؛

عن حياته
من مواليد مدينة حماة 1-1-1979 درس الابتدائية في مدينة حماة في مدرسة سعيد العاص، والاعدادية والثانوية في مدينة حماة في مدرسة أبي الفداء، ثم انتقل إلى دمشق بعد حصوله على شهادة البكالوريا عام 1996

و التحق بالمعهد العالي للفنون المسرحية في دمشق، قسم التمثيل، وتخرج منه عام 2001 وكان من الأوائل على دفعته،

تابع دراسته في فرنسا وفي الجامعة اللبنانية الاميركية في بيروت من خلال العديد من ورشات العمل، واتبع دورة مكثفة في مسرح الشمس في باريس مع المخرجة العالمية اريان منوشكين، أعوام 2004-2005-2006 وقدم معها العديد من العروض المسرحية في عدد من الدول،

شارك في التدريس في المعهد العالي للفنون المسرحية في دمشق منذ عام 2006 , وقام بالتدريس أيضا في الجامعة اللبنانية الاميركية في بيروت وقدم عددا من المحاضرات وورشات العمل في العديد من المهرجانات والجامعات،

عضو مؤسس في جمعية عين الفنون، وهي جمعية تعنى بالشؤون الثقافية والفنية والأدبية، تأسست عام 2016
إحدى أشهر هواياته تربية الخيول العربية الأصيلة، فهو من عائلة عريقة في هذا المجال منذ مئات السنين ولديها سلالة نادرة من الخيول، ويمتلك أحد أشهر اسطبلات الخيل (اسطبلات الخاني) وقد فاز بالعديد من سباقات الخيل في ميادين سباقات السرعة، وسباقات جمال الخيول العربية الأصيلة

ويعد من الفنانيين النشيطين جدا على الصعيد الخيري والإنساني، حيث أقام حفلان خيريان في نيويورك عامي 2009 - 2010 كان ريعهما لجمعية الشلل الدماغي في سوريا، وكان الحفلان بحضور العديد من سفراء ومندوبي الامم المتحدة في نيويورك والحفل الثاني كان بحضور العديد من السفراء ومن مندوبي الامم المتحدة وبحضور أمين عام الامم المتحدة بان كي مون،

ويشارك بشكل دوري ومستمر في سوريا وخارج سوريا بالمساهمة في التوعية ولتقديم الدعم المادي والمعنوي والاعلامي لكل من (أطفال السكري، مرضى الشلل الدماغي، أطفال السرطان، قرى الأطفال الايتام SOS  العجزة والمسنين، مرضى التوحد، سجون الأحداث من الأطفال، محو الأمية، والجمعيات التي تعنى بثقافة الطفل،

وشارك في حملة حقي أتعلم والتي تعنى بتعليم الأطفال، وإعادة من اضطرتهم الحرب إلى مغادرة مقاعد الدراسة لمواصلة تعليمهم

و أطلق حملته (حملة يدا بيد لوطن خال من السل) والتي انطلق بها من سوريا إلى عدد من الدول، وعمل مع الأمم المتحدة عدة سنوات حول ملف مرض السل، وقد أنجز مع الامم المتحدة خمسة أفلام توعوية قصيرة عن مرض السل وقد كانوا من إخراج رشا شربتجي، وعرضهم في جنيف في اجتماع سفراء الامم المتحدة لمرض السل

أعماله

مسرحيات
 كلاسيك - 2001 - مسرحية

في التلفزيون

وصلات خارجية
 جريدة السفير - يعترف بفضل «باب الحارة» عليه ويرفض الهجوم على «ما ملكت أيمانكم» - مقال زينة برجاوي - صدر في 31 /8 /2010

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من حماة
مشاركون عرب في برامج تلفزيون الواقع
ممثلو أفلام سوريون
ممثلون سوريون في القرن 21
ممثلون وممثلات سوريون

مصطفى الخاني


The Scottish Prohibition Party was a minor Scottish political party which advocated alcohol prohibition.

The party was founded in 1901. In its early years, Bob Stewart acted as the party's full-time organiser.  In 1908, Stewart and Edwin Scrymgeour were elected to Dundee Town Council.

From the 1908 by-election onwards, Scrymgeour stood for the party in the Dundee constituency. Stewart acted as his election agent in 1910, but fell out with him over his religiosity. He led a Marxist split, the Socialist Prohibition and Reform Party, which merged with the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1920.

Scrymgeour was finally elected as an MP for Dundee in the 1922 general election, when he and the Labour candidate E. D. Morel defeated the National Liberal candidates, one of which was future Prime Minister Winston Churchill. In Parliament, on issues other than prohibition, he generally supported the Labour Party.

Scrymgeour lost his seat at the 1931 general election.  The party was disbanded in 1935, against the wishes of Scrymgeour.

See also
 National Prohibition Party (UK)
 Prohibition Party; the third longest established party in the United States.

References

Further reading
 Southgate, Donald, "Edwin Scrymgeour" in Three Dundonians (Dundee: Abertay Historical Society, 1968)

1901 establishments in Scotland
Alcohol in Scotland
Prohibition Party, Scottish
Political parties established in 1901
Political parties disestablished in 1935
Prohibition parties
Temperance organizations in the United Kingdom
1935 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Prohibition in the United Kingdom

Scottish Prohibition Party


Keeping Up with the Kardashians este un reality-show american care publică viața personală și profesională a familiei Kardashian-Jenner, ai cărei membri sunt Kris Jenner, Kourtney Kardashian, Kim Kardashian, Khloe Kardashian, Rob Kardashian, Kendall Jenner și Kylie Jenner. Reality-show-ul american a debutat în data de 14 octombrie 2007 pe E! Entertainmet

Familia Kardashian-Jenner
Kris Jenner are din mariajul cu răposatul avocat Robert Kardashian 4 copii, pe Kourtney Kardashian, pe Kim Kardashian, pe Khloe Kardashian și pe Rob Kardashian, iar din mariajul cu fostul Bruce Jenner, devenind în 2016 Caitlyn Jenner în urma unei operați de schimbare de sex, are alte 2 fete, pe Kendall Jenner și pe Kylie Jenner.
Caitlyn Jenner mai are alți 4 copii din alte două mariaje, și anume pe Burt Jenner, Cassandra Marino, Brandon Jenner și Brody Jenner.
Kourtney Kardashian, sora cea mare, a fost împreuna cu Scott Disick o lungă perioadă de timp, având împreuna 3 copii, Mason Dash Disick, Penelope Scotland Disick și Reign Aston Disick.
Kim Kardashian, cea mai cunoscuta din clanul Kardashian-Jenner, este căsătorita cu rapper-ul Kanye West după mai multe mariaje eșuate, printre care cu jucătorul de basket, Kris Humphries. Cei doi au împreună 3 copii, North West, Saint West și micuța Chicago West.
Khloe Kardashian a fost căsătorită o lungă perioada de timp cu jucătorul de baasket Lamar Odom, dupa acea relație începând una cu un alt jucător de basket, Tristan Thompson, cu care are o fetiță pe nume True Thompson.
Rob Kardashian a fost în relații cu diverse femei, cele mai cunoscute fiind Rita Ora, Adrienne Bailon, Malika Haqq și Blac Chyna. Rob are împreună cu Chyna o fetiță numită Dream Renee Kardashian.
Kendall Jenner, modelul familiei, a avut relații cu Justin Bieber și cea mai celebră relație a sa fiind cu Harry Styles.
Kylie Jenner, mezina familiei, a fost împreună cu rapperul Tyga, Tyga fiind fostul și tatăl primului copil al lui Blac Chyna, ceea ce a creat un scandal în familia acestora. Momentan Kylie este împreună cu rapperul Travis Scott cu care are o fetiță, Stormi Webster.

Seriale de televiziune americane

Keeping Up with the Kardashians


Lepilemur Lepilemuridae familyasına bağlı bir hayvan cinsidir. Uzun süre familyanın ikinci cinsi sayılan, soyu tükenmiş Megaladapis cinsi artık Megaladapidae adında ayrı bir familyaya koyulur. Böylece artık familyanın tek temsilcisi Lepilemur cinsidir. Doğal yaşam alanları Madagaskar adasının ormanlarıdır.

Özellikler
Üst kürklerini rengi gri, kahve ya da kırmızımsı gibi renklerde olabilen cinsin karın bölümlerini kaplayan kürkleri genelde beyazımsı ya da sarıdır. Küçük, kısa bir başları ve büyük yuvarlağımsı kulakları olur. 30 - 35 santimetreye kadar büyüyebilirler ve 900 grama ulaşabilirler. Kuyrukları hemen hemen boylarına eşittir.

Taksonomi
Lepilemur cinsine bağlı türler:
 Lepilemur aeeclis -  Andriaholinirina, Fausser, Roos, Zinner, Thalmann, Rabarivola, Ravaoarimanana et al., 2017
 Lepilemur ahmansoni -  Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo, et al., 2006
 Lepilemur ankaranensis -  Rumpler and Albignac, 1975 – Ankarana Sportive Lemur
 Lepilemur betsileo -  Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo et al., 2006
 Lepilemur dorsalis -  Gray, 1870
 Lepilemur edwardsi -  (Forsyth Major in Forbes, 1894)
 Lepilemur fleuretae -  Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo et al., 2006
 Lepilemur grewcocki -  Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo et al., 2006
 Lepilemur hollandorum -  Ramaromilanto, Lei, Engberg, Johnson, Sitzmann, Louis Jr., 2009
 Lepilemur hubbardi -  Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo et al., 2006
 Lepilemur jamesi -  Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo et al., 2006
 Lepilemur leucopus -  (Forsyth Major in Forbes, 1894)
 Lepilemur microdon -  (Forsyth Major in Forbes, 1894)
 Lepilemur milanoii -  Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo et al., 2006
 Lepilemur mittermeieri -  Rabarivola, Zaramody, Fausser, Andriaholinirina, Roos, Zinner, Marcel and Rumpler, 2006
 Lepilemur mustelinus -  I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1851
 Lepilemur otto -  Craul, Zimmermann, Rasoloharijaona, Randrianambinina and Radespiel, 2007
 Lepilemur petteri -  Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo et al., 2006
 Lepilemur randrianasoloi -  Andriaholinirina, Fausser, Roos, Zinner, Thalmann, Rabarivola, Ravaoarimanana et al., 2017
 Lepilemur ruficaudatus -  Grandidier, 1867
 Lepilemur sahamalaza -  Andriaholinirina, Fausser, Roos, Zinner, Thalmann, Rabarivola, Ravaoarimanana et al., 2017
 Lepilemur scottorum -  Lei, Engberg, Andriantompohavana, McGuire, Mittermeier, Zaonarivelo, Brenneman and Louis Jr., 2008
 Lepilemur seali -  Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo et al., 2006
 Lepilemur septentrionalis -  Rumpler and Albignac, 1975
 Lepilemur tymerlachsoni -  Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo et al., 2006
 Lepilemur wrighti - Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo et al., 2006

Dağılım ve habitat
Lepilemur genelde ağaç üzerinde yaşamlarını geçirir. Daima gece avlanır ve uyanık kalırlar. Kangurular gibi sıçrayarak hareket ederler ve ağaç dallar arasında orta büyüklükte mesafeler arasında atlama yaparlar. Gün boyunca ya lianalar arasında ya da ağaç kovuklarında saklanırlar. Her erkek  kendi bölgesine sahiptir. Yabancıların bölgelerine aşmasına hoşgörüyle yaklaşmazlar ve savaşırlar. Güçlü olan bölgeye isterse el koyar ve kaybeden terk eder. Otçullardır ve genel olarak yaşadıkları ağacın yapraklarını yerler.

Ekoloji
Doğum sezonu eylül ve aralık ayları arasındadır ve 120 ilâ 150 gün arasında değişen bir gebelik sürecinin ardından, genelde bir ağaç kovuğunun içinde tek bir yavru doğar. Dördüncü aya kadar annelerini emen yavrular, yine de bir yaşlarına kadar aileyi terk etmez. 18 aylık olduğunda tamamen bir yetişkin olur ve yaklaşık 8 yaşına kadar yaşayabilir.

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
 Thomas Geissmann: Vergleichende Primatologie, Springer-Verlag 2003, ISBN 3-540-43645-6
 Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999 ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
 D. E. Wilson & D. M. Reeder: Mammal Species of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4
 Nick Garbutt: Mammals of Madagascar. A Complete Guide. Yale University Press, New Haven & London 2007, ISBN 978-0-300-12550-4

Dış bağlantılar
 ARKive - images and movies of the northern sportive lemur (Lepilemur septentrionalis) (İngilizce)
 New Lemurs (İngilizce)
 Primate Info Net Lepilemur Factsheets (İngilizce)

Kaynakça

Lepilemur

Lepilemur


دير السلط من أعمال مدينة الحراك في محافظة درعا السورية حيث تقع غرب مدينة الحراك ويفصلها عن الحراك قرية الحريك حيث تم اندماج تلك التجمعات الثلاث لتشكل مدينة الحراك ودير السلط قرية صغيرة لايتجاوز عدد سكانها الالفي نسمة. القرية غنية بالآثار الإغريقية والرومانية والإسلامية، فيها بئر روماني محفور في منطقة صخرية يقع غرب القرية، كان يشكل مصدرا أساسيا للشرب و لسقاية الماشية، كذلك فيها بئرين أصغر حجما يطلق الأهالي عليهما اسم البرك، كما أن القرية مبنية على أنقاض مدينة رومانية تحتوي ديرا للرهبان، ولا يزال جزء من الآثار سليما يستطيع أهل القرية مشاهدته عن طريق ممرات وسراديب تحت الأرض توصلهم لجدران وفناءات غاية في الروعة، ومنه استمدت القرية اسمها إذ كان يطلق عليها قديما دير الرهبان، ولا تزال تلك الآثار مهملة على المستوى الرسمي، ولا يعرفها الكثير من الناس، وذلك بسبب القبضة الأمنية التي كانت تعاقب من يحاول مجرد الحفر في تلك المنطقة بالاعتقال والتعذيب.

قرى محافظة درعا

دير السلط


Sandie Westh (født i 1988 på Bornholm) er en dansk debattør og radiovært.

Sandie Westh var radiovært på (nu lukkede) DR P7MIX, hvor hun var vært på morgenprogrammet Stå op med.

Hun er klummeskribent ved Politiken og Ekstra Bladet, og hun er meget aktiv på Twitter, hvor hun kommenterer politik og musik og kommer med personlige indspark vedrørende livet i Danmark.

Kilder

Personer fra Bornholm
Radioværter fra Danmark

Sandie Westh


New Zealand Kennel Club, Yeni Zelanda'daki tek yetkili köpek kayıt sistemidir. Ayrıca eğitim hizmetleri de vermektedir. 1886 yılında kurulmuştur.

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmi New Zealand Kennel Club sitesi

Köpek kulüpleri
1886'da kurulan kuruluşlar

New Zealand Kennel Club


El XIV Censo Nacional de Población y III de Vivienda fue realizado el día 22 de abril de 1970, fue enfocado mayormente al trabajo, su calidad y cantidad. Se realizó bajo la administración político-administrativa previa a la regionalización, por lo cual los involucrados en la organización de este proyecto de conteo total de población y viviendas estuvo en manos del ODEPLAN (Oficina de Planificación Nacional).

Resultados generales

Fuente

1970
Chile
Chile en 1970

Censo chileno de 1970


d'Alexandrie  est un  patriarche copte d'Alexandrie de   932/933 à 952/953

Contexte
Macaire nait dans la cité de Shoubra. Dès sa jeunesse il se retire du monde et intègre la vie monastique. Il entre dans le  Monastère Saint-Macaire de Scété où sa vie vertueuse et sa bone conduite le font désigner comme patriarche le  de Baramoudah 648 A.M. du calendrier copte  soit le  A.D. Après vingt années paisibles de  patriarcat il meurt en  l'an 668 du meme calendrier copte c'est-à-dire le  A.D. mais selon Venance Grumel le

Notes et références

Bibliografia

Patriarche d'Alexandrie
Décès en 952
Patriarche du Xe siècle
Personnalité du haut Moyen Âge par nom

Macaire Ier d'Alexandrie


Pulau Timbun Mata ist eine zu Malaysia gehörende Insel in der zur Celebessee offenen Darvel Bay. Die Insel liegt etwa 20 Kilometer nordwestlich von Semporna und ist die größte Insel innerhalb der Darvel Bay. Sie ist überwiegend dicht bewaldet. Ihre maximale Länge beträgt ca. 30,1 km, die größte Breite etwa 9,7 km. Von der flachen Westküste steigt sie stetig bis zum Mount Tannabalu an, der sich etwa in der Mitte der Insel befindet. Der 620 m hohe, kegelförmige Berg ist ein erloschener Vulkan. Ein zweiter Gipfel – der 489 m hohe Mount Sedungal – erhebt sich am östlichen Ende der Insel. Die Insel ist durch eine schmale Meerenge namens Trusan Sigalong vom Festland getrennt.

Geschichte
Die Insel ist seit langer Zeit bewohnt. Auf der Insel gibt es mehrere Siedlungen, Mantandak im Westen, Lakai Lakai im Norden, Dap Dap im Nordosten und Tambanan im Osten. Darüber hinaus befinden sich im Südosten der Insel mehrere illegale Ansiedlungen.

Auf der Insel wurde ab den 1880er Jahren Teak angepflanzt. 1930 wurde Pulau Timbun Mata zum Forstreservat erklärt. Die Teakholzwälder wurden danach regelmäßig überwacht, der Bestand wurde aber durch Straßenbau und illegalen Holzeinschlag erheblich reduziert.

Flora
Die Vegetation der Insel besteht aus gemischten Dipterocarp-Wäldern (MDF), Sumpfwäldern, Mangrovenwäldern und Sekundärwald.

Die Flachland-MDF werden durch Parashorea malaanonan, Palmen und Lianen dominiert. An steileren Abschnitten finden sich S. guiso, Cynometra elmeri, Pterocymbium tinctorum und Pterospermum stapfianum. Auf den weniger steilen Abschnitten wird Parashorea malaanonan von Rubroshorea-Spezies wie S. johorensis, S. leprosula, S. smithiana, S. ovalis und gelegentlich Dr. lanceolata und D. caudiferus begleitet. Örtlich begrenzte Vorkommen von Drypetes, Cynometra und Dialium auf trockenen Hügeln weisen – insbesondere bei Abwesenheit von P. malaanonan auf Sekundärwald hin. Diospyros macrophylla ist die häufigste Spezies des Forstreservats.

In den Frischwasser-Sumpfwäldern finden sich Shorea leprosula und Dipterocarpus applanatus in den oberen Schichten und eine Vielzahl von Syzygium sp., Diospyros sp. und Annonaceae im Unterholz. Die Insel weist einen offenen Alstonia-Sumpfwald mit Parkia sp. und Glochidion sp., einen gemischten Sumpfwald mit Syzygium und Diospyros sp. und einen Sumpfwald mit Nauclea sp. und Dipspyros sp. aus.

Die Mangrovenwälder bestehen aus typischen Mangroven-Spezies und Nipapalmen, allerdings nicht im gleichen Ausmaß wie an den Küsten des Festlandes. Die typischen Arten in der Gezeitenzone sind Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera parviflora und Excoelania agallacha occur in tidal flats. In trockeneren Gebieten findet man Ceriops tagal, Xylocarpus granatium und Avicenia alba und das Farn Acrosticum aureum.

Anmerkungen

Einzelnachweise

Timbun Mata
Timbun Mata
Timbun Mata
Distrikt Semporna

Pulau Timbun Mata


Shadi Sukiya () is a Palestinian who was arrested by the Israel Defense Forces in International Solidarity Movement (ISM)'s Jenin office on March 27, 2003. Israel argued, he was a senior Islamic Jihad member.

Controversy
The ISM's statements and those of the Israeli government both state that Sukiya arrived at the ISM's office as he was being pursued through the streets of Jenin by IDF soldiers during an Israeli-imposed curfew. According to the ISM's account, he had been going door to door looking for a place to go, arrived at the building (which is also used by the Red Cross and Medecins Sans Frontieres) cold and wet, and was offered a chance to dry and warm up by an ISM volunteer.

The IDF originally suggested that two Kalashnikov assault rifles and a handgun were found on the premises, but subsequently backtracked on the allegation (it appears the weapons were found during the operation, but not in the ISM's building).

In May 2003 the ISM's Adam Shapiro stated that Sukiya was not named a "senior Islamic Jihad terrorist" by any official Israeli military or government source, and was being held in administrative detention in Israel without any charge. However, ISM members have admitted that they have worked on non-violent protests with members of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

References

External links
Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs Press Release, March 27, 2003

Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine members
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Shadi Sukiya


El cangrejo de cocos (Johngarthia cocoensis) es una especie de cangrejo terrestre de la familia Gecarcinidae.

Distribución
Es endémico de la Isla Cocos (Costa Rica).

Referencias

Gecarcinidae

Johngarthia cocoensis


La temporada 2012 del Campeonato de Fórmula Dos de la FIA fue la cuarta y última edición de dicho campeonato. Empezó el 14 de abril en Silverstone y finalizó el 30 de septiembre en Monza.

Pilotos

Calendario

Resultados

Campeonato de Pilotos

Referencias

2012
Deportes de motor en 2012

Temporada 2012 del Campeonato de Fórmula Dos de la FIA