An Mesanthemum in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Mesanthemum in nahilalakip ha familia nga Eriocaulaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Mesanthemum

Mesanthemum


38270 Wettzell este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
38270 Wettzell este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Heppenheim la Observatorul din Heppenheim. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,55 UA, une excentricité de 0,25 și o înclinație de 14,5° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 38001-39000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

38270 Wettzell


La bandera de Cuenca es uno de los símbolos de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Tiene dos franjas horizontales de igual tamaño; su proporción de 2:3. Su franja superior es de color rojo, mientras que la franja inferior resalta con un color amarillo dorado

Sus colores rojo y amarillo dorado, se originan de la bandera de España.

Sirvió de inspiración para hacer la bandera de Azuay, pues son idénticas.

Referencias

Banderas de Ecuador
Símbolos de Cuenca (Ecuador)

Bandera de Cuenca (Ecuador)


G*Power é um software gratuito usado para calcular a potência estatística. O programa oferece a capacidade de calcular a potência para uma ampla variedade de testes estatísticos, incluindo testes t, testes F e testes qui-quadrado, entre outros. Além disso, o usuário deve determinar em qual dos muitos contextos este teste está sendo usado, como uma ANOVA unidirecional versus uma ANOVA multidirecional. Para calcular a potência, o usuário deve conhecer quatro das cinco variáveis: número de grupos, número de observações, tamanho do efeito, nível de significância (α) ou potência (1-β). O G*Power possui uma ferramenta integrada para determinar o tamanho do efeito se não puder ser estimado a partir da literatura anterior ou não for facilmente calculável.

Software de estatística

G*Power


Angus Morrison, QHC (né en 1953) est un ministre de l'Église d'Écosse qui est modérateur de l'Assemblée générale de l'Église d'Écosse en 2015-2016. Il est aumônier honoraire de la reine, nommé en 2006.

Jeunesse et éducation
Morrison est né à Glencoe, en Écosse, en 1953. Son père travaille pour le Northern Lighthouse Board et, enfant, Morrison vit dans divers endroits en Écosse et va à l'école à Oban, Stromness et Édimbourg. Il étudie les Classiques et la théologie à l'Université de Glasgow, puis fait des études aux Universités de Pise et de Londres. Il étudie pour un doctorat (PhD) au New College de l'Université d'Édimbourg .

Carrière ecclésiastique

Église presbytérienne d'Écosse
Fait très inhabituel pour un modérateur de l'Assemblée générale de l'Église d'Écosse, Morrison n'a pas été ordonné par l'Église d'Écosse. Il est ordonné par la Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland en 1979. Il est ministre à Oban entre 1979 et 1986, et ministre à Édimbourg entre 1986 et 1989. Au cours de cette dernière période, il est modérateur de la région sud de l'Église presbytérienne libre.

À la suite d'une scission de la Free Presbyterian Church en 1989 (à la suite de la décision de James Mackay (baron Mackay de Clashfern) d'assister à la messe de Requiem d'un collègue), Morrison rejoint les Associated Presbyterian Churches (APC). Il devient ministre de la congrégation d'Édimbourg de l'APC, servant de 1989 à 2000. Il est également modérateur de l'Assemblée générale de l'APC lors de la session de 1998 à 1999.

Église d'Écosse
En 2000, Morrison devient ministre de l'Église d'Écosse. Il est pasteur de l'ancienne église paroissiale de St Columba, à Stornoway, avant d'être nommé à l'église paroissiale d'Orwell et de Portmoak (à Perth et Kinross) en 2011. Au sein de l'Église d'Écosse, il est modérateur du presbytère de Lewis pour la session de 2003 à 2004, responsable du Conseil de la mission et du discipulat (2005-2009) et aumônier du Lord High Commissioner (2005 et 2006) .

Le 29 octobre 2013, il est nommé modérateur de l'Assemblée générale de l'Église d'Écosse pour 2014-15 . En mars 2014, deux mois avant de prendre ses fonctions, l'Église d'Écosse annonce que Morrison renonce pour des raisons de santé . À la suite de cela, John Chalmers (greffier principal de l'Assemblée générale) est sélectionné être modérateur avant la session 2014-2015 . Le 28 octobre 2014, Morrison est de nouveau nommé pour être modérateur de l'Assemblée générale de l'Église d'Écosse, pour 2015-2016 .

Références

Étudiant de l'université d'Édimbourg
Étudiant de l'université de Londres
Étudiant de l'université de Pise
Étudiant de l'université de Glasgow
Théologien anglican
Naissance en 1953

Angus Morrison


Ups! I-v Den Endelige Løsning er en kortfilm fra 1985 instrueret af Peter Gren Larsen, Lars Vestergaard efter manuskript af Peter Gren Larsen, Lars Vestergaard.

Handling
En række spots, der i bedste OBS-stil, satirisk, tager fat på problemet med at få de unge i arbejde i Ungsdomsåret 1985. Hver enkelt UPS indledes med et fælles oplæg, men herefter er det små selvstændige historier på 1 til 2 minutter, med titlerne: ANNIE, LIZZIE, LARS og LINDA.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1985

Ups! I-v Den Endelige Løsning


Batı, Amerikan profesyonel basketbol ligi NBA'de bulunan iki konferanstan (bölge) biridir. Konferansta 5'erli takımlardan oluşan 3 grup bulunmaktadır.

Toplam 15 takımdan oluşan konferanstaki takımlar şu şekilde gruplara ayrılmıştır.

Mevcut gruplar

Kuzeybatı Grubu
 Denver Nuggets
 Minnesota Timberwolves
 Oklahoma City Thunder
 Portland Trail Blazers
 Utah Jazz

Güneybatı Grubu
 Dallas Mavericks
 Houston Rockets
 Memphis Grizzlies
 New Orleans Hornets
 San Antonio Spurs

Pasifik Grubu
 Golden State Warriors
 Los Angeles Clippers
 Los Angeles Lakers
 Phoenix Suns
 Sacramento Kings

Eski takımlar

 Anderson Packers
 Baltimore Bullets
 Chicago Stags
 Cleveland Rebels
 Denver Nuggets (1949-1950)

 Detroit Falcons
 Indianapolis Jets
 Indianapolis Olympians
 Pittsburgh Ironmen

 Seattle SuperSonics
 Sheboygan Red Skins
 St. Louis Bombers
 Washington Capitols
 Waterloo Hawks

Doğu Konferansına Geçen Takımlar
 Chicago Bulls
 Detroit / Ft. Wayne Pistons
 Atlanta / Milwaukee / St. Louis Hawks (1951'den önce Tri-Cities Blackhawks ismini kullanmıştır)
 Indiana Pacers
 Milwaukee Bucks
 Miami Heat
 Orlando Magic

Batı Konferansı şampiyonları
Batı Konferansı 1970'e kadar Batı Grubu ismi ile anılmıştır

 1947: Chicago Stags
 1948:  Baltimore Bullets
 1949: Minneapolis Lakers
 1950: Indianapolis Olympians
 1951: Rochester Royals
 1952: Minneapolis Lakers
 1953: Minneapolis Lakers
 1954: Minneapolis Lakers
 1955: Ft. Wayne Pistons
 1956: Ft. Wayne Pistons
 1957: St. Louis Hawks
 1958: St. Louis Hawks
 1959: Minneapolis Lakers
 1960: St. Louis Hawks
 1961: St. Louis Hawks
 1962: Los Angeles Lakers
 1963: Los Angeles Lakers
 1964: San Francisco Warriors
 1965: Los Angeles Lakers
 1966: Los Angeles Lakers
 1967: San Francisco Warriors
 1968: Los Angeles Lakers
 1969: Los Angeles Lakers
 1970: Los Angeles Lakers
 1971: Milwaukee Bucks
 1972: Los Angeles Lakers
 1973: Los Angeles Lakers
 1974: Milwaukee Bucks
 1975: Golden State Warriors
 1976: Phoenix Suns
 1977: Portland Trail Blazers
 1978: Seattle SuperSonics
 1979: Seattle SuperSonics
 1980: Los Angeles Lakers
 1981: Houston Rockets
 1982: Los Angeles Lakers
 1983: Los Angeles Lakers
 1984: Los Angeles Lakers
 1985: Los Angeles Lakers
 1986: Houston Rockets
 1987: Los Angeles Lakers
 1988: Los Angeles Lakers
 1989: Los Angeles Lakers
 1990: Portland Trail Blazers
 1991: Los Angeles Lakers
 1992: Portland Trail Blazers
 1993: Phoenix Suns
 1994: Houston Rockets
 1995: Houston Rockets
 1996: Seattle SuperSonics
 1997: Utah Jazz
 1998: Utah Jazz
 1999: San Antonio Spurs
 2000: Los Angeles Lakers
 2001: Los Angeles Lakers
 2002: Los Angeles Lakers
 2003: San Antonio Spurs
 2004: Los Angeles Lakers
 2005: San Antonio Spurs
 2006: Dallas Mavericks
 2007: San Antonio Spurs
 2008: Los Angeles Lakers
 2009: Los Angeles Lakers
 2010: Los Angeles Lakers
 2011: Dallas Mavericks
 2012: Oklahoma City Thunder
 2013: San Antonio Spurs
 2014: San Antonio Spurs
 2015: Golden State Warriors
 2016: Golden State Warriors
 2017: Golden State Warriors
 2018: Golden State Warriors
 2019: Golden State Warriors
 2020: Los Angeles Lakers
 2021: Phoenix Suns
 2022: Golden State Warriors
 2023: Denver Nuggets

 Kalın yazı ile yazılmış olanlar NBA şampiyonu olmuştur

En Fazla Batı Konferansı Şampiyonu Olan Takımlar
 31: Los Angeles Lakers/Minneapolis Lakers
 9: Golden State Warriors/San Francisco Warriors
 6: San Antonio Spurs
 4: Houston Rockets
 4: Atlanta/St. Louis Hawks
 4: Oklahoma City Thunder/Seattle SuperSonics
 3: Portland Trail Blazers
 2: Fort Wayne Pistons
 2: Milwaukee Bucks
 3: Phoenix Suns
 2: Utah Jazz
 2: Dallas Mavericks
 1: Denver Nuggets
 1: Anderson Packers
 1: Baltimore Bullets
 1: Chicago Stags
 1: Sacramento Kings/Rochester Royals

NBA grupları

Batı Konferansı (NBA)


Mníchova Lehota este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Trenčín din regiunea Trenčín. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.210 locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Mníchova Lehota este atestată documentar din 1269.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Mníchova Lehota


Turo steht für

 Turo (Supraśl), Ort in Polen
 Turo (Hekamaatrenacht), ägyptischer Priester
 Turo, bis 1948 Name der Gemeinde Turie im Norden der Slowakei
 Turo Carsharing, ein Carsharing-Dienstleister

Siehe auch:
 Turow
 Thurow

Turo


Adrijan (fra. Adrien d'Orléans; umro prije 10. studenog 821.) bio je franački plemić, najvjerojatnije šogor cara Karla Velikog. Adrijana se povezuje s Orléansom te se smatra da je bio grof tog mjesta.

Prema jednoj teoriji, Adrijan je bio sin grofa Gerolda od Vinzgaua (? — 795.) i njegove supruge, gospe Eme Alemanske te tako brat kraljice Hildegarde, supruge cara Karla.

Njegova je supruga bila Waldrada te je moguće da je njihov sin bio grof Odo I. (Eudes d'Orléans), otac kraljice Ermentrude od Zapadne Franačke. Također, moguće je da je Adrijan bio otac gospe Waldrade od Wormsa.

Izvori

Francuski grofovi

Adrijan od Orléansa


Mira Jalosuo (3. februar 1989 i Lieksa, Finland) er en finsk ishockeyspiller som spiller i forsvarsposition. Hun repræsenterede hjemlandet i OL i Sotji, hvor holdet blev nummer 5.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Mira Jalosuos profil  på sports-reference.com
 Mira Jalosuos profil på eliteprospects.com

Deltagere for Finland ved vinter-OL 2014
Ishockeyspillere fra Finland
Ishockeyspillere ved vinter-OL 2014

Mira Jalosuo


Antefikser (lat.: 'hvad der er fæstet foran på noget') var i den antikke arkitektur de pandetegl med opretstående, i reglen palmetformede udsmykninger der var anbragt over templernes gesimser.

Antefikser findes allerede i meget gammel tid, og de pyntelige ornamenter bidrog til at mildne den doriske stils strenghed. Etruskerne brugte stærkt dekorerede antefikser. I ældre tider var de gerne af tegl ligesom tagstenene og polykrome; senere blev de ofte hugget i marmor (jf. akroterion).

Galleri

Kilde
 "Antefikser", bind 1, side 848 i Salmonsens konversationsleksikon af kunsthistoriker Christian Axel Jensen

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

Ornamentik
Bygningsdele

Antefiks


Mammaloji, zoolojinin yalnızca memelileri inceleyen alt dalı. 4200'e yakın memeli türünün tarihi, sınıflandırması, anatomik ve fizyolojik özelliklerine odaklanmaktadır. Primatoloji ve setoloji gibi alt dalları barındırmaktadır.

Mammaloji


Alice Scavenius (født Alice Ninon Duvantier 10. juli 1904 på Frederiksberg, død 9. august 2001) var fra 1946 gift med tidligere udenrigs- og statsminister Erik Scavenius (1877-1962). Efter Besættelsen blev hun tiltalt for spionage efter Landsforræderloven, men ikke dømt.

Ægteskaber
Hun oplyste til politirapporten, at hun havde kendt Erik Scavenius siden 1937 og haft "nærmere forbindelse" med ham fra 1941. I 1942 blev det til et "intimt forhold" mellem dem, og det var meningen at de skulle giftes. Det blev de dog først i september 1946 på Gentofte Rådhus efter at Erik Scavenius var blevet skilt fra sin første hustru - Emma Eliza Benzon - og ikke længere var en offentlig person. Alice Ninon havde været gift to gange før: Første gang med grosserer Jørgen Klint og senere efter en skilsmisse fra denne med Eric Conradt-Eberlin som i 1943 begik selvmord i Køge. Hun havde en datter - Mette Marguerite Klint, født 1929 - med sin første mand Jørgen Klint.

Sagen
Efter at hun var blevet kæreste med Erik Scavenius, som dengang var udenrigsminister, skaffede han hende fra april 1942 et job ved telefonomstillingsbordet i Udenrigsministeriet. Her kunne hun følge med i ministeriets kommunikation. Ved udgangen af 1944 tog hun sygeorlov efter at være blevet mobbet ud af kollegerne, som mistænkte hende for at være spion, bl.a. fordi hun havde gået i den tyske Sankt Petri Skole, der blev betragtet som en spioncentral.

Hendes søster var gift med den tyske direktør Gürtler. Gennem ham kom hun i kontakt med Karl Heinz Hoffmann, der var Gestapo-chef i Danmark 1943-45 og en meget charmerende mand. Hvor tæt forholdet mellem dem blev, kan bl.a. ses af at hun frit kunne henvende sig til ham telefonisk eller personligt på Shellhuset og Dagmarhus. Og selveste Gestapo-chefen rykkede ud for at hjælpe hende efter en episode, hvor hun var blevet truet med en pistol.

Der er dokumentation for at hendes forhold til Hoffmann var meget tæt og at hun kunne have røbet danske statshemmeligheder, men det kunne ikke bevises at hun havde gjort det. Så hun slap med godt to måneders varetægtsfængsel fra 5. maj til 15. juli 1945.

Hun hævdede at hun og søsteren havde hjulpet folk, der var fængslet af tyskerne. Da Erik Scavenius opdagede hendes forbindelse med Hoffmann, fortalte hun ham at hun havde fået Hoffmann til at løslade i alt 8 modstandsfolk fra Shellhuset. Hun var også medlem af en modstandsgruppe, der smuglede jødiske børn til Sverige, så de kunne genforenes med deres forældre, som ikke havde kunnet tage dem med på flugten, men midlertidigt havde sat dem i pleje. Hoffmann skaffede hende et pas, så hun kunne tage til Sverige, og han skrev udrejsetilladelser til børnene.

Otium
Efter Erik Scavenius' død bosatte hun sig i Vendsyssel. Fra 1969 boede hun i Gjerrild på Djursland i et hus nær ved kroen. Her skrev hun flere bøger om naturen, især fugleliv. Resten af livet modtog hun hadefulde breve. Hun døde 97 år gammel, og hendes urne blev nedsat bag den stenstøtte, der er rejst for Erik Scavenius foran Voer Kirke i Vendsyssel.

Noter

Bibliografi
 Vintersvaner - mit liv med Erik Scavenius, Forlaget Hermod omkring 1980
 Mine vitter og jeg, 1984
 Dage paa Djurs og Gentofteminder, 1986
 Under sol og regn på Djurs, 1990

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger
 Stuhr, Ole (4. maj 2005). "Scavenius' kone havde forhold til gestapochef i Danmark". TV2 Nyhederne (nyheder.tv2.dk)
 Klitgård, Frede (4. maj 2005): "Scavenius og Pistol-Alice". KPnet (kpnet.dk) – med (dårligt) billede af parret.
 Viggo Sjøqvist: Erik Scavenius i Dansk Biografisk Leksikon, 3. udg., Gyldendal 1979-84.
 Birgithe Kosovic: Den inderste fare I 2016  og II 2018 , JP/Politikens Hus - biografisk roman med mange kilder.

Faglitterære forfattere fra Danmark
Selvbiografer fra Danmark

Alice Scavenius


Bolesław V the Chaste (; 21 June 1226 – 7 December 1279) was Duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland from 1232 and High Duke of Poland from 1243 until his death, as the last male representative of the Lesser Polish branch of Piasts.

Birth and nickname

Bolesław V was born on 21 June 1226 at Stary Korczyn, as the third child and only son of Leszek I the White by his wife Grzymisława, a Rurikid princess of disputed parentage.

Named after his great-grandfather Bolesław Wrymouth, the numeral V was assigned to him in the Poczet królów Polskich. His nickname of "Chaste" (Latin: Pudicus), appeared relatively early and was already mentioned in the Rocznik franciszkański krakowski. It was given to him by his subjects because of the vows of chastity that Bolesław V and his wife Kinga of Hungary had jointly taken; for this reason, their marriage was never consummated.

Youth

Father's death
On 24 November 1227, during the Congress of Gąsawa, Bolesław V's father, Leszek the White, was killed. Like his own father and paternal grandfather before him, he was orphaned at young age. After Duke Leszek's death many people claimed the custody of his only son. The nobility of Kraków wanted the regency to be exercised by Dowager Duchess Grzymisława, jointly with the local voivode and bishop; however, this was contrary to the treaty of mutual inheritance signed in 1217 by Leszek and Władysław III Spindleshanks, under which it was agreed that in the event of the death of one of them, the other would take the government of his domains and custody of his minor children.

On 6 December 1227 Casimir I of Kuyavia - who probably represented his father Konrad I of Masovia at the funeral of Leszek I - advanced his father's claims over the custody of Bolesław V and his inheritance as his closest male relative. Due to the lack of response, Konrad I came to Skaryszew to negotiate with Grzymisława and the local nobility in the first half of March 1228, with regard to assuming the guardianship of his nephew during his minority. The nobility, especially the Gryfici family, preferred the rule of Władysław III Spindleshanks, but at that point he was in the midst of fighting with his nephew Władysław Odonic and was unable to claim his rights. Konrad I then appeared in the northern part of Kraków, but at his side were only the Topór and Sztarza families, and so this attempt to take the Seniorate failed. According to Kazimierz Krotowski, the absence from Lesser Poland was the cause of the Prussian invasion to Masovia.

Adoption by Władysław Spindleshanks

On 5 May 1228, a meeting was organized in Cienia between Władysław Spindleshanks and a delegation of Kraków nobles, which included Bishop Iwo Odrowąż; voivode Marek Gryfita; Pakosław Awdaniec the Old, voivode of Sandomierz; and Mściwój, castellan of Wiślica. Under the terms of the meeting, Władysław agreed to the adoption of Bolesław V, making him his successor over Kraków and Greater Poland. After the meeting, Władysław arrived in Kraków, where Grzymisława formally gave him the rule of the city. The dowager duchess and her son received the Duchy of Sandomierz, where she exercised the regency.

Shortly afterwards Władysław Odonic escaped from prison and the fight for Greater Poland was resumed. Władysław Spindleshanks was forced to leave Kraków. Then the local nobility, with the consent of Grzymisława, called Henry the Bearded to Kraków, but only to rule as a governor. In the summer of 1228 Konrad I of Masovia attacked Kraków, but was defeated at the Battle of Skała by Henry I's son, Henry the Pious. However, a year later Konrad I captured Henry the Bearded and occupied Sieradz-Łęczyca and later Sandomierz, removing Grzymisława from power, despite resistance from the local nobility. In 1230 Władysław Spindleshanks, with the help of Henry I, made an unsuccessful attempt to recover his lands. Władysław died one year later in exile in Racibórz.

Władysław's will named Henry the Bearded heir to Kraków and Greater Poland. In 1231, with the support of the Gryfici family, Henry obtained the rule over Sandomierz, after Grzymisława (who feared for the future of the inheritance of her infant son) surrendered the regency. During 1231-1232 Henry fought against Konrad for Lesser Poland; by the autumn of 1232 Henry finally obtained control over Lesser Poland and Konrad could only keep Sieradz-Łęczyca.

Imprisonment by Konrad I of Masovia

In 1233 Konrad I of Masovia captured Grzymisława and her son after personally robbing and beating them, according to a bull of Pope Gregory IX. Bolesław V and his mother were imprisoned firstly in Czersk and then in Sieciechów. The humiliations to the dowager duchess continued there, including a slap in the face by Konrad I.

Henry the Bearded decided to rescue the imprisoned prince and his mother; shortly thereafter Bolesław and Grzymisława managed to escape from the monastery of Sieciechów with the help of Kraków voivode Klement of Ruszcza and Mikołaj Gall, who was in charge of the prisoners. Both Klement and Mikołaj bribed the guards, who were busy drinking, and did not pay attention to the prisoners, who left the monastery in disguise. Jan Długosz described the events as follows:

When one night the guards after drink and feast forgot their duties, abandoned their posts and quietly during the night Duke Bolesław and his mother secretly left the monastery.

For safety reasons, Henry the Bearded hid Bolesław and his mother in the fortress of Skała near the valley of the Prądnik river. Then, on behalf of her son, Grzymisława renounced his rights over Kraków to Henry. In 1234 a war between Henry and Konrad for Lesser Poland broke out. Thanks to Archbishop Pełka, the Treaty of Luchani was signed in August of that year, under which Bolesław received Sandomierz and gave several castles to Henry. In June 1235, Pope Gregory IX approved the Treaty of Luchani; however, shortly afterwards Konrad invaded Sandomierz, and as a result of this invasion Bolesław lost the district of Radom.

Henry the Bearded died in 1238, and his son Henry the Pious succeeded him. Like his father, he took the regency of Bolesław and his Duchy of Sandomierz. In 1239 in Wojnicz, the 13-year-old Bolesław met his bride, the 15-year-old Kinga (also known as Kunigunda), daughter of King Béla IV of Hungary. The wedding was celebrated shortly thereafter. Kinga spent her first years in Sandomierz with her mother-in-law. On 9 July of that year, a meeting also took place in Przedbórz between Bolesław and Konrad, at which the Masovian ruler agreed to renounce his claims over Sandomierz. It was at this point that Bolesław began his personal government.

Fall of Kraków

In 1241 the first Mongol invasion of Poland occurred. In January the Mongols took Lublin and Zawichost. Bolesław, with his mother and wife, fled to Hungary at the side of his older sister Salomea, wife of the Hungarian prince Coloman, leaving his lands without his leadership. On 13 February the Mongols conquered and burned Sandomierz, and on 11 March he refused to participate in the Battle of Chmielnik. One month later, on 9 April, the Battle of Legnica took place, in which the army commanded by High Duke Henry II the Pious was defeated, and the duke himself was killed. After the defeat of the Hungarian army at the Battle of the Sajó River two days later (11 April) - where Prince Coloman was seriously injured and died shortly after - Bolesław V and his family (including Salomea, now a widow) fled to Moravia, and then eventually returned to Poland.

After the death of Henry the Pious, his eldest son, Bolesław the Bald, took the title of high duke; however, he did not appear in Kraków, where the government was exercised by Klement of Ruszcza on his behalf. Konrad I of Masovia took this opportunity, and despite the strong resistance of the knights and nobility, he finally entered Kraków on 10 July 1241. A few months later, the fortress of Skała, held by Klement of Ruszcza, capitulated. Despite his success, Konrad failed to gain the support of the local nobility, victims of Konrad's mercenaries (the Teutonic Order) themselves, who in 1243 appointed Bolesław the Chaste as their new ruler. On 25 May of that year the Battle of Suchodoły took place, in which the Lesser Poland and Hungarian (Sarmatian) troops, under the command of Klemens of Ruszcza, defeated the Masovian troops of Konrad. With this victory, Bolesław the Chaste regained the government over Kraków. Now at the age of 17, he was the high duke of Poland; however, he remained under the strong influence of his mother until her death. Later that year, Konrad tried to regain the control over Kraków and attacked Bolesław, but was again defeated.

Adulthood

Struggle with Konrad

Konrad I of Masovia until his death attempted to realize his ambition to become high duke and ruler of Kraków. In 1246, together with his son Casimir and supported by Lithuanian and Opole troops, he attacked Lesser Poland again. In the Battle of Zaryszów the troops of Bolesław were defeated. The duke of Kraków lost Lelów, but Kraków and Sandomierz managed to resist. The lack of funds for war forced Bolesław to take some properties of his wife, Kinga, which were paid only on 2 March 1257 during a meeting at Nowy Korczyn, when she received the district of Stary Sącz. In the autumn of 1246 was brought the final solution to the conflict when Bolesław retook Lelów. Konrad died on 31 August 1247, but his son Casimir continued the fight.

During 1254-1255 Bolesław sought the release of Siemowit I of Masovia and his wife, Pereyaslava, who were captured by his brother Casimir. They were finally released in the spring of 1255 after lengthy negotiations. In 1258 Bolesław the Pious started a long and destructive war against Casimir and his ally Świętopełk (Swantopolk) II for the castellany of Ląd. Bolesław the Chaste joined in the Greater Poland coalition against the duke of Kuyavia.

Between 29 September and 6 October 1259 Bolesław the Chaste, together with Bolesław the Pious, sacked Kujawy. A peace treaty was finally concluded on 29 November 1259. In 1260, Casimir I took over the fortress of Lelów. On 12 December during a meeting at Przedbórz, Bolesław the Chaste mediated the dispute between Casimir and Siemowit, which ended in a mutual treaty.

Cooperation with Hungary

Bolesław the Chaste and Bolesław the Pious were both allies of the Kingdom of Hungary. Their links with the Hungarians probably resulted from their family relationships, as both of their wives were daughters of King Béla IV and most of their Polish and Hungarian knights were descendants of the Sarmatian Iazyges, Siraces and Serboi. In 1245 both rulers supported the expedition of Rostislav Mikhailovich, who was the Hungarian candidate for the throne of Halych. On 17 August the Battle of Jarosław took place, where the Polish and Hungarian troops were defeated. Finally, a peace treaty was signed at Łęczyca.

In June and July 1253 Polish-Russian forces, including the army of Bolesław the Chaste, rushed to Moravia in support of the Hungarian expedition to Vindelicia (Austria), which was under the rule of King Ottokar II of Bohemia. The war failed to achieve a settlement, despite the Polish-Russian army looting several villages. The conflict ended with a treaty; at this time, Ottokar (with the help of Bishop Paweł of Kraków) tried to persuade Bolesław the Chaste to join at his side.

In 1260 another conflict erupted between Hungary and Bohemia, when the Hungarian prince Stephen organized a marauding expedition to the Duchy of Carinthia. From June to July 1260 Bolesław, with Leszek the Black, helped the Hungarians with troops in their fight against Bohemia. On 12 July the Battle of Kressenbrunn took place, which ended with the defeat of the Hungarian army.

On 29 January 1262 during a meeting at Iwanowice, Bolesław the Chaste promised to give military support to Bolesław the Pious in his conflict with Henry the White, who was a supporter of the Kingdom of Bohemia. On 7 June a second meeting took place at Danków, where peace negotiations with Henry took place. At this opportunity, Władysław Opolski tried unsuccessfully to make a quadruple alliance with the Bohemian king, Bolesław the Chaste, and Bolesław the Pious.

King Béla IV came into conflict with his son Stephen, which caused a civil war in Hungary. In March 1266 Bolesław and his wife Kinga arranged a meeting at Buda, at which Stephen was committed to maintain peaceful relations with his father, Ottokar II, Bolesław the Chaste, Leszek the Black, and Bolesław the Pious.

In 1270 the new King Stephen V of Hungary visited Bolesław the Chaste in Kraków, where they signed an eternal peace. In the same year, Stephen V renewed the war against Bohemia for the Babenberg inheritance, which ended in the defeat of Hungary. In 1271 Bolesław, with the help of Rurikid princes, organized an expedition to the Duchy of Wrocław, because Henry the White was an ally of Bohemia.

King Stephen V died on 6 August 1272, and after this the alliance between Bolesław the Chaste and the Kingdom of Hungary was completely broken. In 1277 Bolesław finally made a peace treaty with Bohemia at Opava. With the new king of Hungary, Ladislaus IV, a minor, Bolesław became an ally of the Kingdom of Bohemia; however, during the conflict between Ottokar and King Rudolph I of Germany, he opted for the Hungarian side. On 26 August 1278 Bolesław was present in the decisive Battle on the Marchfeld, where Ottokar was defeated and killed.

Christianization of the Yotvingians

One of the aims of Bolesław's foreign policy was the Christianization of the Yotvingians. During 1248-1249 he organized an expedition against them, supported by Siemowit I. However, the expedition ended in failure.

Between 1256-1264 the Yotvingians invaded and plundered Lesser Poland. In the spring of 1264, Bolesław organized a retaliatory expedition against them, which ended with a victory of the Kraków-Sandomierz troops and the death of the Yotvingian prince Komata. For the Christianization of this tribe, Bolesław created a bishopric in Łuków on the northeastern border of Lesser Poland. In this cause he counted on the support of his sister Salomea and Pope Innocent IV, who in 1254 issued a special document. In the end the mission failed.

Second Mongol invasion

Prince Daniel of Galicia was at the side of Bolesław as an ally of Hungary in the conflict with the Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1253 after the war with Bohemia, the relation between Bolesław and Daniel was good. Daniel visited Kraków, where he met the papal legate Opizo, who wanted to crown him. The coronation finally took place at Drohiczyn on the Bug River. Bolesław and his sister Salomea supported this event, because they wanted Daniel and his principality to acquire the Latin rite. The second Mongol invasion of Poland shattered those plans.

In November 1259 the Mongols and Ruthenians invaded and destroyed Sandomierz, Lublin and Kraków; Bolesław fled to either Hungary or Sieradz, ruled by Leszek the Black. In February 1260 the Mongols left Lesser Poland, and Bolesław then returned to his lands. At this point his relations with Daniel of Galicia improved; in 1262 they signed a treaty in Tarnawa.

After Daniel's death in 1265 a Lithuanian-Russian army invaded and ravaged the Lesser Poland districts of Skaryszew, Tarczek, and Wiślica. During 1265−66 Bolesław fought against Daniel's son Shvarn and brother Vasilko Romanovich, who helped the Lithuanians in their invasion into Lesser Poland. On 19 June 1266 Shvarn was defeated at the Battle of Wrota. The conflict ended in 1266, when Bolesław abandoned his expeditions to Yotvingia.

In July 1273 the Lithuanians invaded Lublin. In retaliation, Leszek the Black organized an expedition to Yotvingia in December of that year. In 1278 the Lithuanians again invaded Lublin, and they clashed with Leszek's army at the Battle of Łuków.

Adoption of Leszek the Black

Because Bolesław and his wife Kinga made a vow of chastity, their marriage was childless. In 1265 Bolesław adopted Leszek the Black as his heir. In 1273 Władysław Opolski organized a military expedition to Kraków, because he refused to accept the adoption. On 4 June the Battle of Bogucin Mały took place, where the army from Opole-Racibórz was defeated. At the end of October, Bolesław made a retaliatory expedition against Opole-Racibórz; however, the forces were limited only to destroy specific areas of the duchy. In 1274 Władysław and Bolesław V the Chaste decided to conclude a peace, under which the Duke of Opole-Racibórz gave up his claims to the throne of Kraków.

Internal policies
Bolesław V paid particular attention to urban development. On 27 February 1253 he granted privileges to the city of Bochnia. On 5 June 1257 during a meeting at Kopernia near Pińczów, he granted the Magdeburg rights to the district of Kraków, and a year later to the city of Nowy Korczyn. In 1264, the city of Skaryszew also received the rights, and in 1271 during a meeting at Kraków, the city of Jędrzejów also obtained the rights. The implementation of the German-styled law led to the rapid economic development in the principality, which experienced losses, up to 75% in population alone, due to Mongol raids.

In addition, the reform in the administration of the salt mines of Bochnia and Wieliczka was noteworthy. In 1251 deposits of halite were discovered in Bochnia; previously, only brine had been found there. Bolesław V prompted the district to mine the salt, which became a source of regular income.

During his reign, Bolesław took special care of the church, and above all, to the Bishopric of Kraków. In 1245, thanks to the efforts of Bolesław's sister Salomea, a Poor Clare monastery was founded in Zawichost. On 28 August 1252 during a meeting at Oględów, the Duke and his mother Grzymisława granted an immunity privilege to the Bishopric, which guaranteed to the local clergy greater autonomy in economic and judicial matters. On 17 September 1253, thanks to the joint efforts of Bolesław and the bishop of Kraków, Pope Innocent IV canonized Stanisław (Stanislaus) of Szczepanów. On 8 May 1254 celebrations were held in Kraków to honour Saint Stanislaus, including a meeting of the Piast princes. On 18 June another meeting took place at Chroberz, where Bolesław confirmed the privileges granted to the Bishopric of Kraków at Oględów. In 1257 a synod was held in Łęczyca, where it was established that any ruler who kidnapped a bishop would be automatically excommunicated, and his domains placed under the interdict. Between 11–12 June 1258 a meeting was held at Sandomierz, at which Bolesław approved further privileges for the Church in Lesser Poland. At the invitation of Bolesław V and his wife Kinga, the Franciscans came to Kraków around 1258.

Death

Bolesław the Chaste died on 7 December 1279. Jan Długosz recorded the event as follows:

He was deeply grieved not only by his own people, but also by the neighboring nations because of the modesty and majesty that he showed.

His funeral took place three days later, on 10 December. He was buried in the Church of St. Francis of Assisi in Kraków. There is a gravestone with the inscription:

Anno Domini MCCLXX obiit ilustrissimus princeps et dnus, Vladislaus dictus pius dux Cracov.

Kazimierz Stronczyński alleged that the gravestone was false, but the fact that contemporary sources established that Bolesław's body was placed in the church, does not raise any objections.

After the death of her husband, Kinga entered the Poor Clares convent in Stary Sącz. By virtue of the previous agreement, Leszek II the Black inherited Kraków and Sandomierz.

Church foundations

In 1263 Bolesław founded a church dedicated to Mark the Evangelist in Kraków (pl: Kościół św. Marka w Krakowie) built in the Gothic style.

Notes

Bibliography

Tomasz Biber, Anna Leszczyńska, Maciej Leszczyński: Poczet Władców Polski. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Podsiedlik-Raniowski i Spółka, 2003, pp. 73–78.
Kazimierz Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich. Poznań – Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Historyczne, 2001, pp. 43–49.
Andrzej Marzec: Bolesław V Wstydliwy [in:] Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1999, pp. 191–197.
Andrzej Marzec: Henryk I Brodaty [in:] Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1999, pp. 380–382.
Krzysztof Ożóg: Władysław III Laskonogi [in:] Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1999, pp. 125–127.
Stanisław Andrzej Sroka: Leszek Czarny [in:] Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1999, p. 204.
Maciej Wilamowski: Konrad I Mazowiecki [in:] Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1999, pp. 261–263.
Jerzy Wyrozumski: Historia Polski do roku 1505. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1984, pp. 130–132.

See also
 History of Poland (966–1385)

1226 births
1279 deaths
13th-century Polish monarchs
Polish Roman Catholics
Piast dynasty

Bolesław V the Chaste


الإسكندرية، مدينة أمريكية تقع في مقاطعة كامبل بولاية كنتاكي في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. قدر عدد سكانها بـ 8,286 نسمة عام 2000م.

تاريخ
استوطنت هذه المنطقة لأول مرة في عام 1793 بواسطة فرانك سبيلمان وعائلته ، وقد جاءوا جميعاً من مقاطعة كنج جورج بولاية فيرجينيا ولذلك قد أطلقوا عليها اسم الإسكندرية تيمناً بمدينة الإسكندرية بولاية فيرجينيا.

وفي عام 1819 تم بناء مكتب بريد بالمدينة وبدأ سبيلمان بتطوير المدينة وبيع أراضيها حتى تكونت المدينة رسمياً عام 1834. ونظراً لموقع المدينة بوسط المقاطعة فقد صارت مركزاً تجارياً وصناعياً سريع النمو بشمال كنتاكي.

وللمدينة مجلس يرأسه العمدة، ويضم فريقاً للأعمال الإدارية وأعمال الصيانة بالإضافة لمجالس السكان التطوعية التي تدير المدينة بصورة جيدة.

أعلام
 سيارا برافو

انظر أيضا
 ولاية كنتاكي
 الإسكندرية، فيرجينيا
 الإسكندرية

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الألكتروني للمدينة
 صور تاريخية للمدينة
 مبنى المحكمة القديمة في المدينة عام 1926

أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1793
مدن كنتاكي
مقرات المقاطعات في كنتاكي
مدن في مقاطعة كامبيل (كنتاكي)

الإسكندرية (كنتاكي)


Die kongenitale Muskeldystrophie 1C (MDC1C) ist eine Muskelerkrankung aus der Gruppe der kongenitalen Muskeldystrophien. Synonym werden auch die Bezeichnungen kongenitale Muskeldystrophie mit Muskelhypertrophie und kongenitale Muskeldystrophie-Dystroglykanopathie Typ B5 (MDDGB5) verwendet. Die Erkrankung wird autosomal-rezessiv vererbt und gehört zur Gruppe der Dystroglykanopathien.

Ursache
Die MDC1C wird durch Mutationen im FKRP-Gen verursacht.

Klinische Erscheinungen
Die Erkrankung beginnt in den ersten Lebensmonaten Muskelschwäche und Muskelhypotonie. Die motorische Entwicklung ist deutlich verzögert. Betroffene Kinder können in ihrem ersten Lebensjahrzehnt maximal sitzen oder einige Schritte mit Hilfe gehen. Im Verlauf der ersten 20 Lebensjahre tritt eine Ateminsuffizienz durch Beteiligung der Atemmuskulatur auf. Auch die Herzmuskulatur ist beteiligt, es entwickelt sich eine dilatative Kardiomyopathie. Darüber hinaus ist eine Muskelhypertrophie der Beinmuskulatur, gelegentlich auch der Zungenmuskulatur typisch. Auch die Gesichtsmuskulatur und Schultermuskulatur ist häufig von Muskeldystrophie und Muskelschwäche betroffen.

Diagnostik
Patienten mit MDC1C haben eine 20 bis 75fach erhöhte Kreatinkinase-Konzentration im Blutserum. Wie bei anderen kongenitalen Muskeldystrophien ist das Muskelgewebe unspezifisch dystrophisch verändert, so dass eine eindeutige Diagnose mittels Muskelbiopsie und anschließender histologischer Untersuchung nicht möglich ist. Eine Magnetresonanztomographie zeigt bei einigen Patienten Zysten des Kleinhirns und seltener strukturelle Veränderungen des Gehirns. In Einzelfällen wurden eine kortikale und subkortikale Hirnatrophie sowie fokale oder diffuse Veränderungen der weißen Substanz nachgewiesen. Heterotopie, Kleinhirndysplasie und Hypoplasie der Brücke (Pons) wurden bei einem Patienten beschrieben.
Die Diagnose kann mittels molekulargenetischer Diagnostik in Verbindung mit dem klinischen Bild gesichert werden.

Abgrenzung
Bei der MDC1C handelt es sich um eine allelische Erkrankung. Mutationen im FKRP-Gen können auch zum Phänotyp des Walker-Warburg-Syndrom oder  der Muskel-Auge-Gehirn-Krankheit, beides ebenfalls kongenitale Muskeldystrophien, oder zum Phänotyp der Gliedermuskeldystrophie 2I (LGMD2I, auch Gliedergürtel-Muskeldystrophie-Dystroglykanopathie Typ C5, kurz MDDGC5) führen.

Die durch FKRP-Genmutationen hervorgerufenen Phänotypen des Walker-Warburg-Syndroms und der Muskel-Auge-Gehirn-Krankheit werden im Online-Katalog von Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man seit 2011 zusammengefasst als Kongenitale Muskeldystrophie-Dystroglykanopathie Typ A5, kurz MDDGA5.

Einzelnachweise

Muskelerkrankung
Erbkrankheit
Krankheitsbild in der Kinderheilkunde

Kongenitale Muskeldystrophie 1C


Friedrich Heinrich Ludwig von Pfuel (né le  au manoir de Jahnsfelde et mort le  à Carlsbad) est un lieutenant général prussien, commandant de Sarrelouis, Spandau et Stettin.

Biographie

Origine
Friedrich Heinrich Ludwig von Pfuel est issu de l'ancienne famille noble , qui vit à Jahnsfelde en  et est le fils de  (1718-1789) et de Johanna Christiane Sophie, née Kranz (1755-1783). Son père est un général de division prussien, propriétaire de Jahnsfelde et ancien maréchal de la cour du prince Frédéric-Guillaume de Prusse. Le général, ministre de la Guerre et ministre-président de Prusse Ernst von Pfuel (1779–1866) est son frère.

Carrière militaire
Pfuel étudie au lycée Frédéric-Guillaume de Berlin puis à la maison des cadets de Berlin. Le , il est transféré au  d'infanterie "" de l'armée prussienne à Brandebourg-sur-la-Havel en tant que porte-drapeau. Le , il est promu sous-lieutenant et à ce titre Pfuel est à partir de 1803 adjudant du bataillon de grenadiers 12/36. Pendant la guerre contre la France en 1806, il est blessé à la bataille d'Iéna et rendu inactif par la reddition de Lübeck.

Après la paix de Tilsit, Pfuel est adjudant à l'état-major, accède au grade de capitaine d'état-major et prend finalement sa retraite le . En 1813, il reprend le service actif et devient capitaine à l'état-major général sous les ordres de Yorck. Pfuel reçoit la croix de fer de  pour ses performances lors de la bataille de Lützen. En juillet, il rejoint l'état-major général sous les ordres d'August von Thümen et prend part à la bataille de Gross Beeren et à plusieurs escarmouches. Entre-temps, fin août, Pfuel est muté fin août comme major à l'état-major de la  du  d'armée et le  il reçoit la croix de fer de .

Du  au , Pfuel fut brièvement affecté au quartier général du prince héritier de Wurtemberg puis est transféré au commandement général en Saxe après avoir été promu lieutenant-colonel. Le , il est nommé commandant du  de fusiliers. Le , il est affecté au  de fusiliers et le , il est promu colonel avant de commander le  le  de grenadiers de la Garde. En 1829, Pfuel est nommé commandant de Sarrelouis et immédiatement après commandant de Spandau. Avec sa promotion au grade de général de division, il devient commandant de la  d'infanterie. Un an plus tard, Pfuel reprend la  d'infanterie. Le , il est chargé de diriger la  d'infanterie et est finalement nommé le  commandant de cette grande unité. Pfuel rend le commandement le . À partir d', il est promu lieutenant général et en même temps nommé commandant de Stettin. Dans cette position, il est recompensée le  de l'Ordre de l'Aigle rouge de  avec feuilles de chêne. En 1846, il a une sérieuse dispute avec son supérieur le général Frédéric von Wrangel. En conséquence, le roi  ouvre une enquête au cours de laquelle Pfuel tombe malade, est autorisé à Carlsbad et y décède.

Il est seigneur de Jahnsfelde,  et Gielsdorf. Il est également chevalier de l'Ordre de Saint-Jean.

Famille
Pfuel se marie le  avec Karoline Adelheid von Boeltzig (1794–1820). Elle est la fille du général de division prussien . Après la mort de sa première femme, Pfuel se marie le  à Nennhausen Klara Maria  (1796–1865) de la branche de Goltzow. Elle est la fille unique de Caroline de la Motte Fouqué.

Le mariage produit les enfants suivants:

 Rosamunde Adelheid Auguste (née le  à Berlin) mariée avec  (1809–1872), général de division prussien
 Arthur Heinrich Julien (né le  à Berlin et mort le ), premier lieutenant prussien et adjudant du régiment de hussards du Corps de la Garde
 Adalbert Hermann Friedrich Karl Heinrich (1820–1821)
  (1825–1898), sous-lieutenant , conseiller de chevalerie et seigneur de Jahnsfelde marié avec Anna von Brühl (1835–1918), fille de Carl von Brühl et petite-fille de Hanns Moritz von Brühl. Ils sont les grands-parents de .
 Richard Baldwin Ernst (né le  à Berlin et mort en 1900), conseiller de légation de Prusse, consul général et ambassadeur d'Allemagne ; 1872/1876 consul général d'Allemagne à Bucarest, 1876/1888 envoyé impérial extraordinaire et ministre plénipotentiaire à la Cour de Suède, seigneur de Gielsdorf
  (1829–1897), directeur en chef de la chevalerie, député de la chambre des seigneurs de Prusse, seigneur de Wilkendorf marié avec Elise von Reventlow (1842–1865). Ils sont les beaux-parents du chancelier Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
 Mélusine Adelheid (1834–1835)

Bibliographie
 Kurt von Priesdorff: Soldatisches Führertum. Band 5, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, o. O. [Hamburg], o. J. [1938], DNB 367632802, S. 192–194, Nr. 1498.
 Kurd von Schöning: Die Generale der Chur-Brandenburgischen und Königlich Preußischen Armee von 1640 bis 1840: eine historische Uebersicht, sammt vielen eingewebten urkundlichen Notizen: als Jubelschrift dem vaterländischen Kriegesheere geweiht. C. G. Lüderitz, Berlin 1840, S. 307.
 Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelige Häuser A. Band XX, S. 332, Band 93 der Gesamtreihe, C. A. Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1988 .

Références

Liens externes

Generalleutnant prussien
Personnalité prussienne des guerres napoléoniennes
Chevalier de Justice de l'ordre de Saint-Jean (Bailliage de Brandebourg)
Récipiendaire de l'ordre de l'Aigle rouge de 2e classe
Récipiendaire de 1re classe de la croix de fer
Naissance en octobre 1781
Naissance à Müncheberg
Naissance dans la marche de Brandebourg
Décès en juillet 1846
Décès à Carlsbad
Décès dans le royaume de Bohême
Décès à 64 ans

Friedrich Heinrich Ludwig von Pfuel


عامر منيب (2 سبتمبر 1963  - 26 نوفمبر 2011)، مغني وممثل مصري.

حياته
ولد في حي الدقي بالجيزة في يوم 2 سبتمبر عام 1963 لعائلة فنية; حيث أن جدته هي الفنانة الراحلة ماري منيب. انتقل عامر منيب إلى منزل جدته بشبرا مع شقيقه الأكبر (جمال) وشقيقتيه الصغريان (أميرة) و(أمينة). اعتاد عامر الذهاب مع جدته إلى مسرح نجيب الريحاني لمشاهدة أعمالها وأعمال زملائها من الفنانين، وكان مولعاً بالمسرح والتمثيل رغم عشقه الشديد للغناء. توفيت جدته عندما كان في السادسة من عمره، وذلك عام 1969 فنعاه زملائها في مجال الفن وعاد إلى حضن والده. كان من الطلبة المتفوقين دراسياً في صفه. تخرج في كلية التجارة بجامعة عين شمس عام 1985 بعد حصوله على البكالوريوس بتقدير جيد جداً وأصبح معيداً بجامعته، وكان يقضي أوقات الفراغ بالغناء لمشاهير الطرب مثل الراحل عبد الحليم حافظ.

حياته الأسرية
تزوج من «إيمان الألفي» ورزق منها بثلاث بنات مريم، زينه ونور

مشواره المهني
في شهر رمضان عام 1987 جاءته تذكرة وأوراق عقد سفر إلى أستراليا للحصول على الدكتوراه والعمل في إحدى الجامعات هناك، وأثناء تناول السحور مع أصدقائه بأحد الفنادق ليودعهم قبل السفر تصادف وجود كبار الفنانين في هذه السهرة وفي نفس الفندق وهم: محمود ياسين وزوجته شهيرة ونور الشريف وزوجته بوسي بالإضافة إلى الفنان فاروق الفيشاوي والموسيقار حلمي بكر. وقد ألحَّ عليه زملاؤه للغناء، فقام عامر بأداء أغنية (الفن) لموسيقار الأجيال محمد عبد الوهاب وفوجئ جميع الحضور بصوت عامر وأظهروا إعجابهم الشديد جداً به وفي مقدمتهم الفنانين المذكورين وقاموا بدعوته للجلوس معهم وكانت مفاجأة كبيرة بالنسبة لهم جميعا حينما اكتشفوا أنه حفيد الفنانة الكبيرة ماري منيب. وأخذه الموسيقار حلمي بكر على حدة وشجِعه بشدة وطالبه بضرورة البقاء في مصر وعدم السفر لكون هناك مستقبل كبير ينتظره بشرط أن يثقل موهبته بالدراسة. وبالفعل قام عامر عقب عودته للمنزل بتمزيق تذكرة السفر، وفي اليوم التالي خضع بشكل كامل لدروس الأستاذ عاطف عبد الحميد (أستاذ الموسيقى الشهير لآلة العود وعميد كلية التربية الموسيقية بجامعة حلوان) وتعلم عامر على يديه المقامات الموسيقية وحصص سولفيج الصوت وقام بإحضار أستاذ آخر متخصص تعلم على يدية أصول وقواعد العزف على آلة العود. ثم قرر عامر تعلم فنون العزف على آلة البيانو، وبعد اجتيازه هذه الدروس قام بتكوين فرقة موسيقية صغيرة انتقل بالغناء بها في الفنادق الكبرى. ولم يكن له أغاني خاصة به بل كان يقدم أشهر وأجمل أغاني عبد الحليم حافظ وحقق بها شهرة جيدة. ثم قرر أن يكون له لون غنائي خاص به وإصدار ألبوم غنائي يحمل صوته بأغاني مستقلة له. وبالفعل بدأ عامر تجهيز ألبومه الأول على نفقته الخاصة ولكونه لم يكن يملك من المال ما يعينه على تنفيذ وإنتاج الألبوم فقد قام ببيع سيارته الخاصة بل واستدان من أصدقائه لكي يتمكن من دفع أجر فرقته الموسيقية وحجز الاستوديو. ورغم ضيق ذات اليد، أصر على أن يتعاون مع مجموعة من كبار الشعراء والملحنين رغم أجورهم المرتفعة مثل مدحت العدل وصلاح الشرنوبي ورياض الهمشري وآخرين واستدان مرةً أخرى من أجل طبع الألبوم وتوزيعه. وبالفعل أصدر الألبوم بعنوان لمحي عام 1990. ورغم الدعاية المحدودة التي صاحبته إلا أن الألبوم حقق نجاحاً نسبياً دفعه للاستمرار على الساحة; حيث كتب بالألبوم شهادة ميلاده الفنية، فبدأت عروض شركات الإنتاج تتوالى عليه بعد أن أصبح له قاعدة جماهيرية نسبية من جمهور الشباب، فتوالت ألبوماته الناجحة بعد هذا حيث قام منذ هذا التوقيت بإصدار نحو عشرة ألبومات كان أنجحها ألبومي أيام وليالي وفاكر، حيث تراوحت نسب توزيعهما ما بين 300 و 400 ألف نسخة. بينما تراوحت توزيعات بقية الألبومات الأخرى ما بين 100 و 150 ألف نسخة مثلما حدث مع ألبوماته الأربعة الأخيرة حب العمر 2003 وحاعيش 2004 وكل ثانية معاك 2005. وكان من الطبيعي أن تلتفت له أنظار منتجي ومخرجي السينما تماما كما حدث مع كل المطربين الناجحين فتم إسناد بطولة فيلم سحر العيون له مع حلا شيحة ونيللي كريم ومحمد لطفي وتم عرضه في موسم 2002 وحقق نجاحاً جماهيرياً طيباً; حيث تجاوزت إيراداته حاجز المليوني والنصف مليون جنيه. ثم جاء فيلمه الثاني كيمو و-نتيمو مع مي عز الدين ووحيد سيف وطارق عبد العزيز وإيناس النجار من تأليف محمد البيه وإخراج حامد سعيد وتم عرضه في سباق موسم 2004 تحديداً في شهر مارس، بالإضافة إلى فيلم الغواص في موسم 2005 مع داليا البحيري وحسن حسني وسامي العدل من إخراج فخر الدين نجيدة، ولم يحقق الفيلمان المذكوران نجاحاً جماهيرياً يذكر وبرر عامر فشل التجربتين بالتوقيت السيئ الذي تم عرضهما فيه. وأخيراً فيلم كامل الأوصاف في موسم 2006 مع حلا شيحة وعلا غانم ورجاء الجداوي وحسن حسني وخالد سرحان وأحمد سعيد عبد الغني من تأليف أحمد البيه وإخراج أحمد البدري. ثم أصدر عامر في عام 2009 أغنيته الدينية الوحيدة (يا الله) بعد عودته من أداء العمرة.

الأفلام

الألبومات

أغاني مصورة

وفاته
توفي صباح يوم السبت 26 نوفمبر 2011، في مستشفى دار الفؤاد عن عمر يناهز 48 عامًا بعد صراعٍ طويلٍ مع مرض السرطان دام أكثر من عامين.

دخل المستشفى متأثرا بإصابته بهبوط حاد في الدورة الدموية وظل طوال أيامه الأخيرة في غيبوبة شبه كاملة داخل غرفة العناية المركزة. بعد إجراء عملية إزالة جزء من القولون بألمانيا، إلا أن حالته الصحية قد تدهورت ليُصاب بهبوط آخر شديد الحدة في الدورة الدموية.

وقيل عنه أنه كان على خُلقٍ، وكان يتمنى أن يقوم بتسجيل صوته بتلاوة القرآن الكريم كاملاً بعد أن يترك الغناء، كما أنه صاحب فكرة البرنامج الخيري طوق نجاة ، وقد خصص جزء كبير من ماله لهذا العمل الخيري قبل وفاته.
وقد شيّعت جنازته من مسجد رابعة العدوية بمدينة نصر، و دُفِن في نفس قبر جدته ماري منيب بمدينة نصر. وأُقيم العزاء في مسجد ودار مناسبات الشرطة قرب طريق صلاح سالم في يوم الأربعاء 30 نوفمبر عقب صلاة المغرب.

أعمال أصدرت بعد وفاته

بعد وفاة عامر بعامين تقريباً، تم إصدار أغنية جيت على بالي مرةً أخرى، ولكن هذه المرة بمشاركة الفنانة التونسية لطيفة. وبعد الإطاحة بالرئيس محمد مرسي بثلاثة أشهر تم إصدار أغنيته الوطنية الوحيدة (العسكرية المصرية) تحيةً للجيش المصري تحت إشراف زوجته. و بعد وفاته ايضا تم إعادة صياغة اغنية  عامل ايه في حياتك غناء ابنته مريم  مع تغيير بعض الكلمات فيها في عام 2019

روابط خارجية

المراجع

خريجو جامعة عين شمس
مصريون من أصل سوري
مغنون مصريون في القرن 20
مغنون مصريون في القرن 21
مغنون ومغنيات مصريون
ممثلو أفلام مصريون
ممثلون مصريون في القرن 20
ممثلون مصريون في القرن 21
مواليد 1383 هـ
مواليد 1963
وفيات 1432 هـ
وفيات 2011
وفيات السرطان في مصر
وفيات بسبب سرطان القولون
وفيات بعمر 48

عامر منيب


An Ornithocephalus bicornis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Lindley. An Ornithocephalus bicornis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ornithocephalus, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ornithocephalus

Ornithocephalus bicornis


Paul Iacob ()

Iacob a început fotbalul Farul Constanța, cu care a ocupat locul doi la Campionatul Național de juniori D. Printre antrenorii pe care i-a avut la juniori se numără Constantin Mareș, Mihai Turcu, alături de care a cucerit trofeul, și Iosif Bukossy, antrenorul care l-a descoperit pe marele Gheorghe Hagi.

În iunie 2022, a semnat un contract pentru două sezoane cu Rapid București.

Note

Legături externe

Paul Iacob  la Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal

Nașteri în 1996
Oameni în viață
Fotbaliști români
Mijlocași
Fotbaliști ai FC Farul Constanța
Fotbaliști ai FC Viitorul
Fotbaliști ai CS Gaz Metan Mediaș
Fotbaliști ai FC Brașov
Fotbaliști ai FCM Târgu Mureș
Fotbaliști ai FC Chindia Târgoviște
Fotbaliști ai FC Rapid București

Paul Iacob


John Tyler Bonner ( - ) est un biologiste américain, professeur au Département d'écologie et de biologie évolutive de l'Université de Princeton. Il est un pionnier dans l'utilisation des myxomycètes cellulaires pour comprendre l'évolution et le développement. Au cours d'une carrière de 40 ans, il est l'un des plus grands experts mondiaux des myxomycètes cellulaires . Ainsi, l'Université d'État de l'Arizona affirme que l'établissement et la croissance de la biologie développementale et évolutive doivent une grande dette aux travaux des études de Bonner. Son œuvre d'un accès aisé, écrite avec une clarté inhabituelle ainsi que ses contributions ont rendu accessibles à un large public de nombreuses idées complexes de la biologie.

Carrière
Bonner est le professeur émérite George M. Moffett de biologie à l'Université de Princeton. Il est formé à l'Université Harvard entre 1937 et 1947, mis à part un passage dans l'armée de l'air des États-Unis de 1942 à 1946. Il rejoint rapidement la faculté de l'Université de Princeton, devenant président du département de biologie entre 1966 et 1977, puis en 1983-84 et 1987-88.

Il détient quatre doctorats honorifiques et est membre de l'Association américaine pour l'avancement des sciences. Il est nommé membre de l'Académie nationale des sciences en 1973.

Il est chercheur invité à l'Indian Institute of Science en 1993 et à l'Académie indienne des sciences en 1990. Il est également professeur invité au Brooklyn College, au Williams College et à l'University College de Londres. Il est Sheldon Travelling Fellow en 1941 au Panama et à Cuba pendant ses études supérieures, Rockefeller Traveling Fellow en 1953 à Paris, en France, et obtient des bourses Guggenheim en 1958 et de 1971 à 1972 à Édimbourg, en Écosse. Il est titulaire d'une bourse postdoctorale senior de la Fondation nationale pour la science à Cambridge, en Angleterre, en 1963. Il reçoit également des bourses de la Fondation du Commonwealth Book Fund en 1971 et entre 1984 et 1985 à Édimbourg, en Écosse, et une bourse du Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation Book Fund en 1978 à Édimbourg, en Écosse. Il est décédé en février 2019 à l'âge de 98 ans.

Travaux
Il écrit plusieurs livres sur la biologie du développement et l'évolution, de nombreux articles scientifiques et produit un certain nombre d'ouvrages en biologie. Il est surtout connu comme l'un des plus grands experts mondiaux sur les moisissures visqueuses et a ouvert une nouvelle voie scientifique en faisant de Dictyostelium discoideum un organisme modèle central pour examiner certaines des questions majeures de la biologie expérimentale. Il a défini la complexité d'un organisme comme le nombre de types de cellules qu'il contient, bien que les théoriciens de la complexité ne soient pas d'accord, et a soutenu que les taxons végétaux et animaux qui ont évolué plus tard, ont un plus grand nombre de types de cellules que leurs prédécesseurs, et a cherché une explication acceptable pour le néo-darwinisme.

Ses œuvres comprennent :

 Les Myxomycètes Cellulaires
 L'évolution de la complexité au moyen de la sélection naturelle ,
 L'évolution de la culture chez les animaux
 Des cycles de vie
 Morphogenèse : un essai sur le développement
 Sur le développement : la biologie de la forme, Harvard University Press
 Cellules et sociétés
 Premiers signaux
 Les idées de la biologie
 Soixante ans de biologie
 Taille et cycle
 Pourquoi la taille compte : des bactéries aux baleines bleues
 Vies d'un biologiste : Aventures dans un siècle de science extraordinaire, Harvard University Press.
 Aléatoire dans l'évolution . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2013, .

Son autobiographie, Lives of a Biologist: Adventures in a Century of Extraordinary Science, remporte le prix ForeWord Magazine Book of the Year 2002.

Soutien de la théorie de l'évolution
Bonner participe à l'un des premiers efforts américains pour exprimer un soutien scientifique à l'évolution. Le biologiste américain lauréat du prix Nobel Hermann J. Muller fait circuler une pétition en mai 1966 intitulée : « L'évolution biologique est-elle un principe de la nature bien établi par la science ? Bonner a signé ce manifeste, avec 176 autres biologistes américains de premier plan, dont plusieurs lauréats du prix Nobel .

Ouvrages
 La vie d'un biologiste : Aventures dans un siècle de science extraordinaire, John Tyler Bonner, Harvard University Press, 24 mai 2002,
 Sur la croissance et la forme, D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson, John Tyler Bonner (éditeur), Cambridge University Press ; Édition abrégée, 31 juillet 1992,
 Pourquoi la taille compte : des bactéries aux baleines bleues, John Tyler Bonner, Princeton University Press, 13 septembre 2006,
 On Size and Life (Scientific American Library), Thomas McMahon, John Tyler Bonner, Scientific American Library, mai 1985,
 Soixante ans de biologie, John Tyler Bonner, Princeton University Press, 8 juillet 1996,
 Taille et cycle: un essai sur la structure de la biologie, John Tyler Bonner, Princeton University Press, janvier 1966,
 Les idées de la biologie, John Tyler Bonner, Dover Publications ; Nouvelle édition Ed, 11 novembre 2002,
 L'évolution de la culture chez les animaux, John Tyler Bonner, Princeton University Press, 1er mai 1983,
 Évolution et développement (rapport de recherche sur les sciences de la vie), John Tyler Bonner, Springer, février 1982,
 Cycles de vie, John Tyler Bonner, Princeton University Press ; Nouvelle édition Ed, 3 avril 1995,
 Cellules et sociétés, John Tyler Bonner, Princeton University Press, 1957,
 Les moisissures visqueuses cellulaires (Enquêtes dans les sciences biologiques), John Tyler Bonner, Princeton University Press, 1959,
 L'évolution de la complexité au moyen de la sélection naturelle, John Tyler Bonner, Princeton Univ Press, octobre 1988,
 Premiers signaux : l'évolution du développement multicellulaire., John Tyler Bonner, Princeton University Press, 15 février 2001,
 Les idées de la biologie. Avec des dessins d'Ann Cox. , John Tyler Bonner, Methuen (Livres universitaires), 1965,
 Morphogenèse Un essai sur le développement, John Tyler Bonner, #Princeton University Press, 1952,
 On Development: The Biology of Form (Commonwealth Fund Publications), John Tyler Bonner, Harvard University Press, janvier 1974,
 L'échelle de la nature : une vue panoramique des sciences, John Tyler Bonner (auteur), Patricia Collins (illustratrice), Harper & Row, 1969,
 Recherches sur les myxomycètes cellulaires : articles sélectionnés de JT Bonner, John Tyler Bonner, Indian Academy of Sciences, 1991,

Références

Liens externes

 Site officiel
 Citation honorifique de l'Université Concordia, juin 2003, Gestion des documents et archives de l'Université Concordia

Biologiste américain
Membre de l'Association américaine pour l'avancement des sciences
Membre de l'Académie nationale des sciences
Étudiant de l'université Harvard
Biologiste de l'évolution
Naissance en mai 1920
Décès en février 2019
Décès à 98 ans

John Tyler Bonner


بلدية سان رافييل ديل ريو  (بالفالنسية:Sant Rafel del Ríu)، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة كاستيلون التي تقع في منطقة بلنسية، في شرق إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 511 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2006).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في كاستيون
بلديات كاستيلون

سان رافييل ديل ريو


Girolamo Luxardo S.p.A. je talijanski proizvođač likera. Tvrtka je osnovana u Zadru, Dalmaciji (današnjoj Hrvatskoj). Nakon 1945. godine tvrtka se premjestila u Torregliu nedaleko od Padove.

Trenutni proizvodi tvrtke uključuju razne likere i slične proizvode (Maraschino, Sangue Morlacco, Sambuca, Amaretto, Grappa, Passione Nera, šljivovica) kao i ostale proizvode vezane uz proizvodnju pića, a to su koncentrati likera, voćni sirupi i džemovi.

Luxardovi proizvodi se prodaju u preko 70 zemalja diljem svijeta. Destilerija zapošljava oko 45 ljudi, te oko 100 prodavača u cijeloj Italiji. Destilerija od 6.800 kvadratnih metara može proizvesti 6.000 boca po satu. U 2010. godini tvrtka je ostvarila dobit prije oporezivanja od 16 milijuna eura. Luxardo posjeduje 22.000 stabala u najvećem voćnjaku trešanja u Europskoj uniji.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Službena stranica

Talijanske proizvodne tvrtke
Proizvođači pića
Hrana i piće u Italiji

Girolamo Luxardo (tvrtka)


Bláir er sérútgáfa plötunar Bláir draumar sem Bubbi Morthens gaf út í samstarfi við Magnús Þór Jónsson (Megas) þann 10. október 1988. Bláir kom út 6. júní 2006 í tilefni afmælistónleika Bubba sama dag. Bláir er önnur sérútgáfa Blárra drauma en Megas gaf út sérútgáfu af plötunni árið 2002 sem fékk nafnið Englaryk í tímaglasi.

Lagalisti
Plötunni getur verið skipt upp í tvo hluta: Annars vegar lög sem voru á upprunalegu plötunni; og útgáfur af lögunum hins vegar.

Lög sem voru á upprunalegu plötunni:

 Filterslaus kamel blús
 Seinasti dagurinn
 Ég bið að heilsa
 Ég dansa tangó
 Menn að hnýta snörur
 Eitt til fimmtán glös
 Hann er svo blár

Aðrar útgáfur af lögum á plötunni sem voru á upprunalegu plötunni

8. Filterslaus kamel blús

9. Seinasti dagurinn

10. Ég bið að heilsa

11. Ég dansa tangó

12. Menn að hnýta snörur

13. Eitt til fimmtán glös

14. Hann er svo blár

Bubbi Morthens
Hljómplötur gefnar út árið 1988

Bláir


Međupodsavezna nogometna liga Brčko-Doboj-Tuzla (također i kao Međupodsavezna liga Brčko, Doboj, Tuzla, Tuzlanska međupodsavezna liga) je bila liga četvrtog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1961./62.
Sudjelovalo je ukupno 14 klubova, a prvak je bio "Napredak" iz Modriče.

Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Međuzonska liga Bosne 1961./62.
 Međupodsavezna liga Banja Luka 1961./62.
 Podsavezna liga Brčko 1961./62.
 Podsavezna liga Doboj 1961./62.
 Podsavezna liga Tuzla 1961./62.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 "Godišnjak FSJ 1961-62", Beograd, 1962., ISSN: 0351-2894, str. 203
  Rajko Petrović, Sonja Petrović: ''Fudbalski klub "Radnik" Bijeljina : (1919-2003)', Bijeljina, 2010. ISBN 978-99938-885-7-4 (karton), str. 134-138

1961-62 2 Tuzla
 2 Tuzla
1961-62 2 Tuzla

Međupodsavezna nogometna liga Brčko-Doboj-Tuzla 1961./62.


325.000 francs est un téléfilm français de Jean Prat (1964), adapté du roman éponyme de Roger Vailland.

Synopsis

Roger Vailland se met en scène comme témoin, et parfois acteur, de l'histoire qu'il raconte. Après son installation à Meillonnas, il se rend fréquemment à Oyonnax, selon lui pour voir des parents. La ville, autrefois spécialisée dans la fabrication de peignes de buis, géant dans le Jura, s'est reconvertie dans l'industrie de la matière plastique. On y fabrique tout en « plastique », des peignes aux chaises en passant par les fleurs et les poubelles.

La famille Busard se partage entre les edelweiss que le père continue à tailler dans le buis et le polissage des montures de lunettes que sa femme et sa fille traitent à domicile pour une usine voisine ; Bernard, quant à lui, a « dit non une fois pour toutes » : il ne s'épuiserait ni sur du buis comme son père, ni sur une presse à injecter comme les autres jeunes de la ville. Sa passion, c'est le vélo, comme Vailland, dont cela le rapproche. Il fait les courses locales et en gagne parfois, mais il est desservi par son impétuosité. Ainsi, dans le « Grand prix de la Droguerie centrale », attaque-t-il trop tôt, chutant de plus à cause d'un gamin qui lui coupe la route, et doit laisser la victoire au ventre jaune (Bressan) Bonnefond.

Or Bernard est très amoureux de Marie-Jeanne, qui le fait languir depuis un an. Elle veut en fait surtout quitter Oyonnax. Une occasion se présente : on propose à Bernard de prendre la gérance d'un Relaisroute. Mais il faut pour cela une mise de fonds, et si son père et Marie-Jeanne mettent la main au pot, il lui manque 325.000 francs.

Il décide alors de rompre son serment de ne jamais travailler sur une presse, et de s'y mettre avec un collègue, par tranche de quatre heures en continu, durant six mois, soit douze heures par jour sans repos hebdomadaire, et sans la majoration des heures supplémentaires, ce qui fait hurler le syndicat. Le collègue, ce sera le ventre jaune Bonnefond, dont il connaît l'endurance.

Bernard s'épuise d'autant plus que les roulements de quatre heures ne ménagent guère la possibilité de dormir, et qu'il continue de voir Marie-Jeanne quatre soirs par semaine. Il ne tient qu'à coups de Maxiton, et l'arrivée d'un nouveau système de refroidissement augmente les cadences.

Ce qui devait arriver bien sûr arrive…

La voix de Roger Vailland prête « aux marxistes » la moralité de sa fable : « On n'échappe pas à sa condition sans transformer la société qui vous a enfermé dans cette condition ».

Fiche Technique

 Titre : 325.000 francs
 Réalisateur : Jean Prat
 Adaptation et dialogues : Jean Prat et Roger Vailland, d'après son livre éponyme
 Image : Roger Arrignon
 Caméra : René Versini
 Son : Maurice Teboul
 Scripte : Jacqueline Nazet
 Montage : Catherine Delmas et Claude Lopez
 Mixage : Paul Bonnefond
 Décors : Georges Lévy
 Costumes : Lisele Roos
 Maquillage : Tamani Berkani
 Pays d'origine :
 Langue : français
 Genre : drame
 Durée :
 Date de diffusion :  sur la  chaîne de l'ORTF

Distribution

Autour du film
Le téléfilm est tourné à Oyonnax, sur les routes de l'Ain et à Meillonnas.

La présence de Roger Vailland, que les premières images montrent à sa table de travail, est émouvante : malade au point d'avoir planifié son suicide, il mourra en mai suivant à Meillonnas.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 L'Homme nouveau (cycle de romans)

Lien externe

Notes et références

Téléfilm français des années 1960
Téléfilm se déroulant au XXe siècle

325.000 francs (téléfilm)


Avenida Montaigne, em francês Avenue Montaigne, é uma avenida localizada no 8.º arrondissement de Paris, marcando o limite do "Triângulo de Ouro".

Localização e acesso
Com 615 metros de comprimento e 33 metros de largura, ela começa na Place de l'Alma, na margem do Sena, e termina no Rond-point des Champs-Élysées.

Este local é servido pela linha 9 do metrô na estação Alma-Marceau e pelas linhas 1 e 9 do metrô na estação Franklin D. Roosevelt, bem como pelas linhas de ônibus RATP 42 e 80.

Descrição
Esta avenida, que se eleva suavemente em direção aos Champs-Élysées, é embelezada com pequenos jardins cercados por grades que lembram os pátios ingleses. É, como a rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré localizada um pouco mais ao norte, um dos lugares altos da moda parisiense. Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, a instalação de Christian Dior levou ao desenvolvimento do comércio de luxo na avenida. Nos últimos anos, a avenida Montaigne parece ter experimentado um novo boom em detrimento, em particular, da rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré. Há lojas de grandes marcas de luxo francesas e estrangeiras.

A Avenue Montaigne tem algumas diferenças com a vizinha Avenue des Champs-Élysées: ela é menos animada e mais orientada para o luxo, em particular para a alta costura. O preço dos aluguéis comerciais, por outro lado, é significativamente mais baixo aí, mesmo que seja um dos mais altos de Paris. No primeiro semestre de 2007, os aluguéis anualizados de um metro quadrado ao pé de um prédio variavam entre 3 800 e 6 000 euros, em comparação com 5 500 a 10 000 euros nos Champs-Élysées.

Em 2020, o preço médio do m2 na avenida situa-se entre os 14 584 € e os 30 304 €, com um preço médio de 22 013 €.

Desde 1911, a avenida abriga o famoso Teatro dos Campos Elísios, um exemplo do estilo Art Déco, e o Plaza Athénée, um dos dez palácios parisienses.

Desde 16 de junho de 1987, a Avenue Montaigne é geminada com a Madison Avenue em Nova York, com os bairro de Ginza de Tóquio desde 1989 e Sakae Machi de Nagoia desde 1998. Em 18 de setembro de 2008 veio a geminação com o bairro da Avenue Louise em Bruxelas. Por fim, a avenida empreendeu a geminação com a Königsallee em 2014, todos esses lugares reunindo o polo de Luxo de suas cidades respectivas.

Desde a virada do século, o Comité Montaigne (fundado em 1973) trabalha para promover a imagem da Avenue Montaigne e da Rue François Ier na França e no mundo. Presidido por Jean-Claude Cathalan, marido de Hiroko Matsumoto e ex-chefe do grupo Révillon-Luxe (Révillon, Karl Lagerfeld, etc.), Parfums Caron, e a casa de alta costura Jean-Louis Scherrer, reúne a maioria das casas de moda e luxo que ali se instalam e organiza eventos destinados a marcar a agenda parisiense, como os Vendanges Montaigne em setembro, o festival das catherinettes ou a iluminação das árvores para as festas de fim de ano.

Origem do nome

Esta via presta homenagem, desde 1850, ao moralista Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592).

Histórico

Em 1672, no local atual da Avenida Montaigne existia um caminho simples que servia as cabanas dos jardineiros do Marais des Gourdes, terreno pertencente às Senhoras da Visitação-Sainte-Marie, limitado a oeste pelo Grande Esgoto que descia de Ménilmontant em direção ao Sena (que corresponde à atual Rue Marbeuf), a leste pelo lado ímpar da Avenue Montaigne, ao norte pelos Champs-Élysées e ao sul pelo Sena. A palavra "gourde" designava uma espécie de abóbora (courge em francês), porque aí eram cultivados legumes. Também é chamado de "Allée des Soupirs" ou "Beco dos Suspiros" por volta de 1720 e "Avenue Verte" ou "Avenida Verde" por volta de 1750.

Esta passagem foi plantada com uma fileira dupla de olmos em 1770 por ordem do Marquês de Marigny, diretor geral dos Bâtiments du roi, e apelidado de "Allée des Veuves" ou "Beco das Viúvas", porque ali se encontravam mulheres solteiras em busca de uma galante aventura fora da cidade. Era um lugar mal iluminado e de má reputação, onde havia apenas algumas guinguettes desonestas como a que Eugène Sue coloca lá em Les Mystères de Paris (1838). É também ao pé de um dos olmos da Allée des Veuves, situado em frente à casa de uma certa mulher Brûlé, que foram enterradas as Joias da Coroa roubadas ao Hôtel du Garde-meuble em Setembro de 1792. É nesta Allée des Veuves que Hippolyte Triat mandou construir o seu ginásio coberto a partir de 1846, com um piso de 40 metros de comprimento.

Em 1850, a avenida foi rebatizada "Avenida Montaigne". Durante a Exposição Universal de 1855, o Palais des Beaux-Arts, construído pelo arquiteto Hector-Martin Lefuel, foi construído na Avenue Montaigne. Casas elegantes começam a ser construídas ao longo da avenida, que muda completamente de caráter e se torna um dos lugares da moda do novo bairro dos Champs-Élysées.

Até o final do século XIX a avenida era essencialmente residencial, construída com belos prédios e casarões, habitada pela nobreza e pela classe média alta. No século XX, o prestígio do endereço atraiu industriais e banqueiros que optaram por ali instalar a sede das suas empresas e alguns estilistas começaram a estabelecer ali os seus ateliers. Após a Liberação, as casas de alta costura mais luxuosas abriram lojas aí. « Essa aquisição gradual dos negócios é realizada em três etapas : apogeu social de uma área residencial, hegemonia de escritórios e estabelecimentos comerciais, declínio urbano de ruas desvitalizantes, esvaziadas de sua população residente. »

A sua extensão, do outro lado dos Champs-Élysées, chamava-se "Rue Montaigne", como ainda testemunham vários negócios. Foi renomeado para homenagear o aviador Jean Mermoz em 1937.

Edifícios notáveis e lugares de memória

Edifícios existentes
 O produtor de cinema Jean Pierre Rassam (1941-1985) viveu na Avenue Montaigne, uma vez que abrigava o futuro presidente argelino Chadli Bendjedid, antes de se mudar com Carole Bouquet na Avenue de La Motte-Picquet.
 Nº 2: Henri Rillart de Verneuil político francês, senador, possuía um apartamento lá desde 1895; ele morreu aí em 26 de agosto de 1948. O no 2 agora abriga uma boutique Paul & Joe. O engenheiro dos Arts et Métiers, grande colecionador Émile Chouanard (1876-1930), morou aqui antes de 1900, um apartamento cujo vestíbulo foi decorado pelo pintor Gaston La Touche (1854-1913), este painel encontra-se agora no Petit Palais.
 Nº 3: « O hotel que teve o no 3 foi o da Condessa Véra de Talleyrand-Périgord. Quando a conheci, Madame de Talleyrand dava jantares brilhantes com a presença de uma elite composta por aristocratas e homens de letras. A querida era traiçoeira, porque a dona da casa era ela mesma muito gananciosa, um pecado pequeno que a fizera adquirir com a idade uma gordura considerável. […] Véra Bernardaky havia se casado, aos dezoito anos, com o Conde de Talleyrand, um diplomata na casa dos cinquenta ».
 Nº 7: Hotel Dampierre. Mansão do Barão de Dampierre (em 1895). Abrigava a clínica ortopédica do Dr. François Calot (1861-1944), especializada no tratamento do Mal de Pott.
 Nº 9: Hôtel de Durfort, construído em 1884 pelos arquitectos Louis Charles Guinot e Ernest-Félix Trilhe, ao estilo neo-Luís XV. A Condessa de Durfort (1876-1962), de quem recebeu o nome, nascido Chateaubriand, era a sobrinha-neta do Visconde de Chateaubriand, o famoso escritor e proprietário do Castelo de Combourg. O escritor André de Fouquières escreveu em 1953: «O hôtel de Madame de Durfort foi vendido a um grande fabricante de perfumaria e, pouco depois, adquirido pela "Segurança Social".»

 Nº 11: Hôtel de Lesseps. Adquirida por Ferdinand de Lesseps (1805-1894) em nome da jovem com quem se casou em segundo lugar em 1869, Louise-Hélène Autard de Bragard (1848-1909), que lhe deu doze filhos, além dos cinco filhos de seu primeiro casamento , e posteriormente habitado por sua família. De acordo com o New York Times de 17 de abril de 1886: « M. de Lesseps está esplendidamente alojado em uma nova casa na Avenue Montaigne, adquirida com o dinheiro ganho por Madame de Lesseps com seus investimentos no Canal de Suez. […] O salão do Hotel de Lesseps está entre as maiores casas modernas de Paris . » Residência em 1953 da Condessa de Villiers-Terrage.
 Nº 12: Marlene Dietrich morou aí de 1980 até sua morte em 1992, um pequeno apartamento de 65 m2 localizado no 4º andar. O xá do Irã Reza Pahlavi residiu lá (nome inscrito no anuário) durante suas visitas a Paris, bem como o príncipe Rainier de Mônaco.
 Números 13 e 15: até 1910 ficava neste local o vasto Hôtel de Lillers onde residia com a família o rei Jorge V de Hanôver, após a anexação do seu reino pela Prússia em 1866. Foi destruído em abril de 1910 e substituído pelo Teatro dos Campos Elísios, fundada por Gabriel Astruc, inaugurado em 1913.
 Nº 22: sede da France 2 de 1992 a 1998.
 Nº 25: hotel Plaza Athénée, inaugurado em 1913.
 Nº 28: antigo Hôtel de Saint-Vallier (em 1910). Levantada e desnaturada. É neste hotel, ou talvez em um hotel construído anteriormente no mesmo local, que a Condessa de Castiglione veio se hospedar em 1857. André Becq de Fouquières escreve: « Foi aí que uma noite, às 3 horas da manhã, o Imperador, voltando ao pequeno cupê em que viera, naturalmente sem escolta, viu aparecer três sombras que se atiraram ao cabeças dos cavalos e tentou detê-los. Graças à presença de espírito do cocheiro que degolou vigorosamente os animais, a equipe galopou, derrubando os assaltantes, e trouxe de volta às Tulherias um soberano cujo caso com "a mulher mais bela do mundo" quase lhe custou a vida. »
 Nº 29: antigo hôtel de Gustave Schlumberger, membro da Academia de Inscrições e Belas Letras.

 Nº 30: Hôtel de Millon d'Ailly de Verneuil. Mansão de três andares, construída entre 1865 e 1868 para a viúva de Alexandre Colonna Walewski, filho natural de Napoleão I, nascida Maria Anna Catherine Clarissa Cassandra Ricci (1823-1912). Em seguida, pertence a Maurice Louis Alfred Millon d'Ailly de Verneuil, síndico da Compagnie des agents de change. Em terceiro lugar, o hotel pertence à Mme Boselli. A partir de 1939, o hotel foi propriedade das famílias Villoutreys e Brossard, que o alugaram para a chapelaria Coralie Couture.  Em 1946, com o apoio de Marcel Boussac, Christian Dior instalou aí sua casa de moda.  Em 6 de março de 2022, após dois anos de trabalho, a loja Dior, marca do grupo LVMH, reabriu suas portas. Estendendo-se por uma área de mais de 10.000 m2, inclui áreas de vendas, uma galeria de exposições, um restaurante, uma pastelaria, jardins, salões privados e uma suite de hotel.
 Nº 33: em 1910, habitada pelo literato Fernand Vandérem e sede da Société Hippique Française.
 Nº 35: serviços consulares da Embaixada do Canadá (edifício construído em 1946-1958), ampliado do nº 37 em 1978 com a aquisição da sede da Kodak; a embaixada mudou-se em 2017 para o 130, rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré.
 Nº 45: neste edifício viveu de 1922 a 1944 Luis Martins de Souza-Dantas (1876-1954), embaixador do Brasil em Paris (placa comemorativa).
 Nº 46: em seu apartamento morreu Soraya Esfandiary Bakhtiari em 2001.
 Nº 49: Lee Radziwill (1933-2019), irmã de Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, atriz e designer de interiores, possuía um apartamento com vista para a Torre Eiffel no 6º andar deste edifício.

 Nº 50: Hôtel de Lariboisière (em 1910). « No hotel de linhas harmoniosas da condessa de Lariboisière, esposa do senador, ouvia-se uma bela música em um salão conhecido por ser um centro de grande elegância.. » Madeleine Vionnet instalou em março de 1923 sua casa de moda nesta mansão que ela tornou um local de grande luxo. No quintal do hotel, ela instalou seus oitocentos e cinquenta trabalhadores, distribuídos em vinte e oito oficinas, em um prédio de oito andares. André Becq de Fouquières escreveu em 1953: Hoje, transformado, ampliado, o Hôtel de Lariboisière só queima com os mil incêndios de uma grande empresa de equipamentos elétricos — e só ressoa com música entregue em grandes séries por aparelhos de rádio. Desde 2008, o hotel abriga uma boutique Ralph Lauren.
 Nº 51: segundo André Becq de Fouquières em 1953: « No número 51, as janelas altas de um restaurante brilham. De proporções bem mais modestas eram as janelas do térreo, habitadas por John Audley, um personagem bastante curioso que queria ser esteta, diletante, original a todo custo. Correu a antiquários em busca da peça que lhe garantiria a reputação de homem de bom gosto. Mas seus votos foram mais prontamente para objetos de aparência suntuosa do que para obras de arte com graças discretas. Em sua casa, fomos servidos em pratos de jade, sobre uma toalha de mesa trançada com fios de ouro. As próprias tigelas de dedos foram esculpidas em blocos de ametista. Seu serviço de café em ouro maciço pertencia à rainha Vitória. Ele tinha sido amigo de Oscar Wilde. Esse homem astuto, um tanto esquivo, mas inteligente, que se destacava em fórmulas lapidares para exaltar ou executar a coisa ou o indivíduo que desejava definir, era digno de seduzir o autor do Crime de Lord Arthur Saville. Ele disse que era inglês, mas acredito que fosse de origem alemã. Ele teve um casamento surpreendentemente tardio, casando-se com uma americana que não era — de muito longe — da Quinta Avenida... Encontrava-se em sua casa a sociedade mais heterogênea. Assim, a primeira vez que fui seu convidado, ofereceu um delicado jantar ao Infante Dom Luís, filho da Infanta Eulália. Mas, algum tempo depois, ele me convidou para um jantar onde conheci duas duquesas, depois alguns artistas, finalmente... um boxeador! Pouco antes de sua morte, ele tirou de sua coleção, para me oferecer, uma chave de camareiro, símbolo da grandeza à qual ele dedicou sua vida - perseguição que, além disso, o levou à ruína. »
 Nº 56: aqui viveu na década de 1870, Florence Aublet, pintora, discípula de Léon Cogniet e Hippolyte Lazerges.
 58 avenue Montaigne, um perfume de ST Dupont criado em 2012 e distribuído pela Interparfums.

Edifícios destruídos
 Nº 1 (antigo no 31): neste local, entre as atuais avenidas Montaigne e George-V, no local da brasserie Chez Francis, ficava a « chaumière », longa casa vermelha composta por um térreo e um andar, onde se instalaram, após o casamento em 1794, o convencional Tallien (1767-1820) e sua esposa Thérésa Cabarrus (1773-1835). Apelidada "Nossa Senhora do Termidor", ela tinha aí um salão famoso. Em 1817, a casa foi substituída por uma guinguette, L'Acacia, perto da qual, numa antiga dependência da casa, Tallien morreu de lepra em 16 de novembro de 1820, pobre e por muito tempo negligenciado por sua ex-mulher que se tornou Princesa de Chimay.
 Nº 7: neste local foi construído para a Exposição Universal de 1855 o Pavilhão do Realismo, onde Gustave Courbet expôs quarenta pinturas incluindo O Ateliê do Artista. O Pavilhão foi desmontado em dezembro de 1855.
 Nº 17:
 neste número se encontrava o Hôtel de Heeckeren (1856), substituído por um edifício moderno.

 entre esta parcela e o Teatro dos Campos Elísios, o atual Impasse des Douze Maisons foi parte da antiga « Passage des Douze Maisons » suprimida em 1881 que atingia a rue Marbeuf. Alphonse Daudet viveu aí em sua juventude. Essa passagem também foi chamada « Passage du Marais-des-Gourdes ».
 Números 16 e 18:
 Maison pompéienne: O Príncipe Napoleão, filho do Rei Jerônimo e irmão da Princesa Matilde, sonhava em construir um palácio para sua amante, a atriz Rachel. Ele adquiriu um terreno de cerca de 4000 m2 entre a Avenue Montaigne e a Rue Jean-Goujon, onde se ergueu o Palácio de Belas Artes durante a Exposição Universal de 1855. De 1856 a 1860, mandou construir ali um palacete, junto ao Hôtel Soltykoff, inspirado na Casa do Poeta Trágico em Pompeia. A construção foi inicialmente confiada ao jovem arquiteto Auguste-Jean Rougevin, a quem o príncipe enviou para estudar os modelos originais em Pompeia, mas que infelizmente morreu no local. Jacques Hittorff o sucedeu, mas se aposentou rapidamente, talvez após uma disputa. A gestão do projeto foi devolvida a partir de fevereiro de 1856, por recomendação de Hittorff, ao arquiteto Alfred-Nicolas Normand. A obra estrutural foi concluída em 1858, ano da morte da atriz, levada em janeiro pela tuberculose. A fachada, provida de um peristilo severo, foi reforçada com cores vermelhas e amarelas. As decorações interiores foram feitas por Normand com a ajuda do ornamentista Charles Rossigneux, que se inspirou em obras de vários museus europeus. No centro da casa, um átrio foi decorado em seu centro com uma estátua de mármore branco de Napoleão I retratando o imperador de toga segurando o Código Civil, a cabeça laureada, uma águia aos pés, do escultor Eugène Guillaume, cercado por bustos de membros da família imperial. As decorações pintadas em tela montada foram confiadas a Sébastien Cornu e Jean-Léon Gérôme que decoraram as paredes com motivos pompeianos sobre um fundo vermelho ou preto antigo. Os móveis, em bronze ou madeira, também imitavam a antiguidade. O Príncipe Napoleão colocou sua coleção de pinturas e antiguidades egípcias na casa. Em 1862, foram acrescentadas as peças de ourives de um serviço de sobremesas feito por Charles Christofle em desenhos de Jules Dieterle. A casa foi inaugurada em 14 de fevereiro de 1860 com festas em estilo antigo na presença de Napoleão III, da Imperatriz e da corte. Mas o casamento do príncipe em 1859 com a jovem Clotilde de Saboia, católica fervorosa, tornou impensável a mudança para uma casa inspirada por uma amante. O príncipe residia no Palais Royal e se contentava em organizar festas ou noites íntimas na Avenue Montaigne. A deterioração de suas relações com o imperador o levou a deixar a França para sua residência suíça em Prangins em 1865. Decidiu então vender a Maison pompéienne que foi adquirida em março de 1866 por um grupo de compradores que incluía Arsène Houssaye e Ferdinand de Lesseps que, aproveitando a curiosidade do público por essa loucura, a transformaram em um museu de antiguidades. « O impluvium central serviu por algum tempo como bacia para um treinador de focas eruditas. » Arsène Houssaye e Théophile Gautier, familiarizados com o local, escreveram o guia. No entanto, o museu teve vida curta, porque a casa foi seriamente danificada em 1870;

 Hôtel Porgès: a Maison pompéienne foi adquirida em 1892 pelo negociante de diamantes Jules Porgès (1839-1921) que também adquiriu o terreno no nº 14, propriedade de Pierre Jean Cros, pequeno terreno de 230 m2 que suportava algumas construções modestas. Derrubou tudo, não sem deixar que o arquiteto Normand levasse alguns elementos de sua obra, alguns dos quais foram doados à cidade de Paris, e encomendou ao arquiteto Ernest Sanson a criação de uma vasta mansão privada onde a paixão de sua esposa, a bela vienense Anna Wodianer (1854-1937), pelo século XVIII francês. O hotel apresentava na avenida uma parede adornada com seções transversais e perfurada com grandes vãos em arco, bem como duas entradas de carruagens encimadas por máscaras de leão. O pátio era retangular. O corpo principal do edifício foi colocado perpendicularmente à avenida e foi intimamente inspirado no Castelo de Asnières, construído por volta de 1750 por Mansart de Sagonne para o Marquês de Paulmy. O rés-do-chão, adornado com divisórias, era perfurado por vãos de alças de cesto ligeiramente arredondados, adornados com fechos, enquanto o primeiro andar tinha janelas altas em arco semicircular adornadas com mascarões. Acima de uma cornija com modilhões, uma balaustrada de pedra embelezada com grupos de crianças e vasos escondia parcialmente o telhado do sótão em mansarda. No jardim, um ressalto central em meia-lua encimado por um frontão triangular decorado com alto-relevo alegórico foi embelezado com um balcão em ferragem no primeiro andar e, no térreo, um longo balcão sustentado por consoles esculpidos e também embelezado com uma rampa de ferragem que termina em duas escadas que levam ao jardim de estilo francês adornado com uma fábrica de jardim de treliças formando uma perspectiva, que Achille Duchêne conseguiu desenvolver em 1894 graças à demolição dos prédios vizinhos. No pátio principal, um lance de escadas conduzia a um vestíbulo retangular, depois a um segundo plano quadrado precedendo uma vasta escadaria principal decorada com mármore e coberta por uma cúpula. À esquerda havia uma sala de bilhar e o quarto de Jules Porgès e à direita os apartamentos de sua esposa e filha. No primeiro andar, a galeria de pinturas, contendo uma renomada coleção de várias pinturas de Rubens, Van Dyck, Rembrandt, Brueghel de Velours e Le Lorrain, foi disposta paralelamente à Avenue Montaigne, perto de um grande salão de baile. Um elevador servia a todos os níveis. Os estábulos, a sala de arreios e os aposentos dos criados foram instalados no 40, Rue Jean-Goujon. Segundo o arquiteto, a construção custou 4 milhões de francos. De acordo com de André Becq de Fouquières: « A Embaixada [da Áustria] tinha em Paris um verdadeiro anexo não oficial: o hôtel Porgès, Avenida Montaigne. Mme Jules Porgès, que era de Viena, havia construído este vasto hotel de aparência majestosa e estilo incerto cujos salões, cheios de pinturas antigas e salas de museus, serviam de cenário para muitas festas. » Após a morte da Mme Porgès em 1937, o hôtel foi vendido. Na década de 1960, foi demolido e substituído por um edifício moderno.
 Nº 19:
 Hôtel Goury de Roslan (ver no 1, Rue du Boccador).

 antigo nº 29: entrada para a Cité Godot-de-Mauroy desaparecida em 1881.
 Nº 20: neste local foi construída pelo arquiteto Lassus a casa gótica do conde de Quinsonas. Foi então substituído pelo hotel do banqueiro Edgard Stern, que mandou construir o Château de Villette em Pont-Sainte-Maxence. Mme Edgar Stern, cujo retrato foi pintado por Carolus-Duran em 1889, « tinha reunido uma bela coleção de objetos e móveis de Luís XVI » . Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, o hôtel foi ocupado pelos alemães e saqueado. Depois de ter pertencido, como o Hôtel Porgès no no 18, à Compagnie de Saint-Gobain, o Hôtel Stern foi destruído e substituído por um edifício moderno.
 Nº 22: Jules de Lesseps, representante do Bei de Túnis, construiu neste endereço, na parte de trás do pátio, um pavilhão mourisco onde hospedou brevemente o Emir Abd-El-Kader quando este veio passar alguns dias em Paris após sua libertação por Napoleão III em 16 de outubro de 1852. Em 1947, foi transformado em um cabaré marroquino, o Ismaïlia Folies, pelo cantor e empresário do entretenimento Salim Hilali. Foi destruído e substituído por um edifício moderno em 1959 construído pela Rhône-Poulenc, que foi de 1981 a 1997 a sede da Antenne 2, depois France 2 e temporariamente Nederland 2 antes de abrigar desde 2000 a do grupo LVMH.
 Nº 31: hôtel da Mme A. Magne (1910).
 Nº 35: hôtel da Mme Legrand de Villers (em 1910).<ref name="rochegude104" >* Félix de Rochegude, Promenades dans toutes les rues de Paris. VIIIe arrondissement, Paris, Hachette, 1910.<ref>
 Nº 47: localização do antigo Impasse Ruffin (no século XIX), hoje fechado.
 Números 49 a 53: local onde se localizava o famoso Bal Mabille, fundado em 1835. Atingido por dois obuses em 1870, fechou suas portas em 1875 e foi demolido em 1882;
 nº 53: Ruelle de la Buvette-Champêtre em 1813.

Habitantes famosos
 Mademoiselle Raucourt (1756-1815), famosa atriz trágica.
 O Marquês M. de Peralta, Ministro plenipotenciário da Costa Rica na França (nº 53, em 1906).
 Marlene Dietrich (1901-1992), atriz e cantora, de 1980 até sua morte (nº 12).
 Princesa Soraya (1932-2001), rainha consorte do Irã, residiu aí até sua morte em 2001 (nº 46).
 Lee Radziwill (1933-2019), socialite americana, morava no nº 49.
 Zlatan Ibrahimović, futebolista sueco, residia aí.

No cinema
 Coco (2009).

Bibliografia
 André Becq de Fouquières, Mon Paris et ses Parisiens, vol. 1, Paris, Pierre Horay, 1953.
 Andrée Jacob e Jean-Marc Léri, Vie et histoire du VIIIe arrondissement, Paris, Éditions Hervas, 1991, p. 39-40.
 Félix de Rochegude, Promenades dans toutes les rues de Paris. VIIIe arrondissement, Paris, Hachette, 1910.
 Gérard Rousset-Charny, Les Palais parisiens de la Belle Époque, Paris, Delegação para a ação artística da Cidade de Paris, 1990, p. 124-131.

Ruas de Paris

Avenida Montaigne


Most Pašman – kopno, planirani most između otoka Pašmana i kopna.

Prva zamisao o mostu u novije doba kojim bi se spojio Pašman s kopnom pojavila se 1970-ih godina. Od UN-a je naručen projekt južnoga Pašmana i mosta. Oba su projekta krenula skupa no nakon nekog vremena stvari su zastale.

2002. godine ideju za izgradnju mosta iznio je Jure Radić. Most bi po njegovoj zamisli bio dug 2217 metara te bi se naslonio na otočić Ričul te prolazio kraj Galešnjaka. U drugoj polovici 2010-ih načelnici svih općina na Ugljanu i Pašmanu potpisali su inicijativu gradnje mosta Pašman kopno. Da bi potaknuli stvari da se pokrenu s mjesta, mještani Pašmana su postavili kamen temeljac za gradnju mosta.

Izvori

Cestovni mostovi u Hrvatskoj

Most Pašman – kopno


Jezera Savica nalaze se u Zagrebu, sjeverno od rijeke Save, između Mosta mladosti i Domovinskog mosta, na području naselja Savica Šanci, te uz zapadni rub Petruševca. Ukupno je 12 jezera Savice udaljenih 5 km od centra grada.

Jezera su:
 Ciganska,
 Hawai,
 Labuđe jezero,
 Lopočara,
 Mala Graba,
 Mazutara,
 Plavac,
 Plitka,
 Potkova,
 Veliko jezero,
 Vrbova i
 Žuta Graba.

Jezera Savice spadaju u kategoriju značajnog krajobraza od 1991. godine, te ornitološkog rezervata, što znači da ondje nisu dopušteni zahvati i radnje koje narušavaju obilježja zbog kojih je proglašen.

Područje jezera uz Savu je naglašenih izvornih prirodnih obilježja, visoke razine bioraznolikosti, značajno kao ornitološki rezervat i zaštićeni krajobraz nalazi se tridesetak minuta pješačenja od tramvajske stanice Borovje ili s Radničke ceste i naselja Savica Šanci nekih dvadesetak minuta pješačenja. Do jezera se može doći vrlo lako tramvajem od Mosta mladosti, od stanice Borovje i zatim sjevernim savskim nasipom prema toplani TE-TO Zagreb koja se nalazi u naselju Savica Šanci.

Galerija

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Zagreb
Jezera u Hrvatskoj

Savica (jezera)


Jón Þorleifsson (26. desember 1891 – 14. júlí 1961) var íslenskur myndlistarmaður sem er meðal annars þekktur fyrir landslagsmyndir, expressjónískar mannlífsmyndir, og myndir af skipum og hafnarmannvirkjum. Eitt þekktasta verk hans er málverkið Fiskikonur sem var sýnt í sýningarbás Íslands á Heimssýningunni í New York 1939 og er nú staðsett í Alþingishúsinu. Hann lærði við listaskóla í Kaupmannahöfn og París. Hann var einn aðalhvatamaðurinn að byggingu Listamannaskálans við Austurvöll og fyrsti forstöðumaður hans. Hann var frumkvöðull í ritun myndlistargagnrýni í dagblöðum.

Íslenskir myndlistarmenn

Jón Þorleifsson


An Panicum phoiniclados in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Vasudeo Narayan Naik ngan Patunkar. An Panicum phoiniclados in nahilalakip ha genus nga Panicum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Panicum

Panicum phoiniclados


Heuff er en nederlandsk familie der allerede fandtes i det femtende århundrede, omkring Zoelen, Kapel-Avezaath og Kerk-Avezaath. Kendte efterkommere er:
 Johan Adriaan Heuff (1776-1828), borgmester i Zoelen
 Johan Adriaan Heuff (1843-1910), forfatter (under pseudonym, blandt andre, J. Huf van Buren)
 Jan Dirk Heuff (1847-1918), borgmester i Zoelen
 Hermanus Davinus (Herman) Heuff (1875-1945), maler
 Johan Adriaan Heuff (1901-1938), forfatter (under pseudonym, blandt andre, J. A. Heuff van Houweninge)
 Cornelis Antonie (Cees) Heuff (1933-1993), maler
 Marijke Hermine (Marijke) Heuff (1938), havefotograf
 Dirk Heuff (1962), guitarist i Fatal Flowers
Slægten er ikke relateret til den adelige familie Hoeufft eller Hoeufft van Oyen, også kendt som Heuff (af Oyen) .

Litteratur
 , og  (2008) 'Van linie en stamme Hueff': en slægtshistorie af slægten Heuff

Slægter fra Nederlandene

Heuff


An Cyanicula caerulea in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Robert Brown, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Stephen Donald Hopper och Andrew Phillip Brown. An Cyanicula caerulea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyanicula, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 C. c. caerulea
 C. c. heliotropica

Mga kasarigan

Cyanicula

Cyanicula caerulea


An Anthurium roezlii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Eduard August von Regel. An Anthurium roezlii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anthurium, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Colombia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Anthurium

Anthurium roezlii


An Aechmea aciculosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Christian Mez ngan Luis Aloysius, Luigi Sodiro. An Aechmea aciculosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aechmea, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Aechmea

Aechmea aciculosa