Miss India or Femina Miss India is a national beauty pageant in India that annually selects representatives to compete in Miss World, one of the Big Four major international beauty pageants. It is organised by Femina, a women's magazine published by The Times Group. Since 2013 to 2022, Femina also organised Miss Diva as a separate competition, with representatives competing at Miss Universe.

The reigning Femina Miss India (Femina Miss India World) titleholder is Nandini Gupta of Rajasthan who was crowned by the outgoing titleholder Sini Sadanand Shetty on 15 April 2023 at Imphal, Manipur.

History

The first Miss India was Pramila (Esther Victoria Abraham), from Calcutta, who won in 1947. It was organised by the local press.

In 1952, two Miss India pageants were held, Indrani Rehman and Nutan were the winners of the pageant. Nutan was crowned as Miss Mussorie. The pageant was held by the local press. Indrani Rehman was crowned at Brabourne Stadium in Mumbai in the month of April 1952. Indrani later represented India at Miss Universe 1952, the inaugural edition of Miss Universe pageant.

In 1953, Peace Kanwal from Punjab was crowned Miss India 1953 at KARDAR-KOLYNOS Pageant. The pageant was organised by Abdur Rashid Kardar. She later established herself as a Bollywood actress.

In 1954, Leela Naidu from Maharashtra was declared Miss India, and the same year was featured in Vogue magazine's list of the world's ten most beautiful women.

There was no Miss India pageant from 1955 to 1958. In 1959, Eve's Weekly organised its very first Miss India contest called Eve's Weekly Miss India to send India's representatives to the Miss World pageant. Fleur Ezekiel was crowned the eventual winner. She represented India at Miss World 1959 held in London, United Kingdom.

The first Femina Miss India pageant was held in year 1964. Meher Castelino Mistri of Maharashtra was crowned the first Femina Miss India. She was chosen to represent India at Miss Universe 1964 held in the United States and Miss Nations 1964 held in Spain.

Reita Faria was the first Miss India ever to win any international beauty pageant. She was crowned Miss World 1966 in London, United Kingdom. She was the winner of Eve's Weekly Miss India contest. The same year Femina Miss India winner Yasmin Daji represented India at Miss Universe 1966 and was crowned 3rd Runner-up at the event. She was the first Femina Miss India Winner to get placed at any international beauty pageant.

Zeenat Aman was the first Femina Miss India titleholder to win an international pageant. She was crowned Femina Miss India Asia Pacific and went on to win Miss Asia Pacific 1970 held in Philippines.

Meenakshi Seshadri the youngest contestant who won the title,
She won the Miss India contest at the age of 17 in the year 1981 and was known for phenomenal acting in 'Hero' 'Damini', 'Ghayal' and 'Ghatak'. She quit the industry very early and got married.

In 1993 Miss Femina India, Vaishali Sood, daughter of Cdr Sudhir Sood, who was the winner of the 1991 Navy May Queen Ball, stood second runner up. She went on to act in a Bollywood Movie, Mr Bond, starring Akshay Kumar.

In 2002, the third winner was designated to Miss Earth instead of Miss Asia Pacific.

In 2010, after the I Am She - Miss Universe India acquired the rights to send India's representatives to Miss Universe, Femina Miss India crowned three winners as Femina Miss India World, Femina Miss India Earth and Femina Miss India International, the third winner represented India in Miss International pageant.

In 2010, Tantra Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. (TEPL), in partnership with Sushmita Sen, started a new pageant called I Am She – Miss Universe India. The winner of this pageant participated in the Miss Universe pageant from 2010 to 2012.

Competition irregularities
In 2008, Gladrags President Maureen Wadia provided legal notice to newly crowned Femina Miss India Earth 2008, Harshita Saxena for violating an exclusive two-year contract with Gladrags that had been signed by Harshita in 2006. To participate in any other beauty pageant, Harshita would need a written letter of no objection from Gladrags. Harshita surrendered the title and the crown went to Tanvi Vyas, who represented India at the Miss Earth 2008 pageant held in November 2008. Later, Harshita was ranked fourth at Femina Miss India 2009 and represented India at Miss International 2009. Harshita was later placed fourth in Miss India 2009 and represented India in Miss International 2009.

In 2004, Lakshmi Pandit (Kalpana Pandit's sister) was initially declared the winner, but had to return the title as she was married (to Siddarth Mishra); Sayali Bhagat was finally declared the winner.

In 1989, the winner Kalpana Pandit was found to have misrepresented her nationality (she had a US passport); she was stripped of her title and Dolly Minhas was declared the winner.

India in international pageants

Miss India has been participating in the Miss Universe pageant since 1952, starting with Indrani Rehman and in the Miss World pageant since 1959, starting with Fleur Ezekiel.

In the 1970s, Femina acquired the rights to send a representative to Miss World as well, and started to send the winner to Miss Universe and the runner-up to the Miss World contest. Later in 1991, Femina Miss India also acquired the rights to send India's representatives to Miss International pageant.

In 1994, following India's historic dual wins at both Miss Universe and Miss World, the custom of crowning a single winner was discontinued. Instead, the top three placers were designated winners with equal visibility, equal prizes and responsibilities, and were crowned as Femina Miss India-Universe, Femina Miss India-World, and Femina Miss India-Asia Pacific and a finalist was sent to Miss International. In 2002, the third title was changed to Femina Miss India-Earth, to designate India's representation at the newly launched Miss Earth pageant, focused on the cause of environmental advocacy and a finalist was sent to Miss International.

From 2007 to 2009, three equal winners were selected going to Miss Universe, Miss World, and Miss Earth. In 2010, I Am She - Miss Universe India acquired the rights to send India's representatives to Miss Universe. Later, in 2013 The Times Group again acquired the rights to send India's representatives to Miss Universe and launched a new pageant for Miss Universe named Miss Diva.

In 1970, Zeenat Aman won Miss Asia Pacific 1970. She became the first Indian and South Asian woman to win the title.

The awards for 1989 were given at the end of the year (December); hence there was no separate contest for 1990.

In 1994, Sushmita Sen won the Miss Universe title after winning the Miss India crown and became the first Indian woman ever to win the Miss Universe crown. The same year the runner-up of Miss India, Aishwarya Rai, won the Miss World title. Sushmita Sen and Aishwarya Rai established themselves in the Bollywood industry after winning their titles.

The success of Sen and Rai spawned coaching institutions which were set up to groom young women in pageant participation skills. The number of participants in the preliminary rounds of the pageant has increased considerably. Miss India World 1997, Diana Hayden won the title of Miss World 1997. In 1999, the Miss India World Yukta Mookhey went on to win the Miss World that year.

In 2000, three of the Miss India winners won their respective international pageants — Lara Dutta (Miss Universe), Priyanka Chopra (Miss World) and Diya Mirza Miss Asia Pacific. The other country to have won all three major titles in one year were Australia in 1972.

In 2010, after the introduction of I Am She - Miss Universe India, the third title was changed to Femina Miss India-International and the winner represented India at Miss International pageant.

In 2010, Nicole Faria became the first Indian to win the Miss Earth title in Vietnam, which leaves Miss International as the only major international pageant that has not been won by an Indian contestant.

In 2012, Himangini Singh Yadu won Miss Asia Pacific World 2012 and became first Indian and Asian to win the pageant. She was sent by I Am She - Miss Universe India pageant.

In 2013, Srishti Rana won Miss Asia Pacific World 2013 giving India a rare back to back victory. She is the second Indian and first Miss Diva Winner to win Miss Asia Pacific World Crown. She is also the first Indian delegate to win an international pageant that has been sent by Femina Miss India's sister pageant, Miss Diva.

In 2014, Asha Bhat, Miss Diva Supranational 2014 won Miss Supranational 2014 and became the first Indian woman to win the crown. Asha is the second Asian to win the crown. The same year Ruhi Singh who was crowned the first Femina Miss India Universal Peace and Humanity won the first Miss Universal Peace and Humanity pageant held in Lebanon.

After May Myat Noe, the winner of Miss Asia Pacific World 2014 pageant was dethroned, the organisation organised another pageant named Miss Asia Pacific 2014 Supertalent of the World Season 5 under Miss Asia Pacific World title, Swetha Raj who represented India won the crown, giving India a rare back to back to back victory, India is the only country to win any international pageant three years in a row, however Swetha was sent by Miss India Australia organisation.

International victories
When Reita Faria of India won Miss World 1966, she became the first Asian to do so, and India won its first Big Four title. Sushmita Sen was crowned Miss Universe 1994, becoming the country's first Miss Universe winner. Later that year, Aishwarya Rai added to India's winning streak by becoming Miss World 1994, making the country the last in the twentieth century to win both Miss Universe and Miss World in the same year.

Diana Hayden then won the Miss World title in 1997. Actor and model Yukta Mookhey was later crowned Miss World 1999. Six years after Sushmita Sen and Aishwarya Rai's double wins, Lara Dutta and Priyanka Chopra replicated the feat in 2000, marking the most recent time (as of ) that any country has won back-to-back at Miss World and, to date, the only time that any country won Miss Universe and Miss World in the same year in the 21st century. India's appearances at the Miss Universe semifinals from 1992 to 2002 made it the first country in the Eastern Hemisphere to place annually at the pageant for at least 10 consecutive years.

In 2010, Nicole Faria from Bangalore became the first Indian woman to win the Miss Earth pageant. Manushi Chhillar won the Miss World 2017 title. In 2021, Harnaaz Sandhu became the third Indian woman to win Miss Universe title, becoming the most recent Big 4 pageant titleholder from India as of

The following is the list of Indian winners in the Big Four international beauty pageants:

The following is the list of Indian winners in various other international pageants:

Multiple victories in the same year
The following is the list of India's multiple victories in major international pageants:

Femina Miss India Winners from 2013–present

Femina Miss India

Femina Miss India Regional Ranking

State Ranking

Femina Miss India Editions

Miss Diva winners

Representatives to Big Four pageants
The following women have represented India in the Big Four international beauty pageants, the four major international beauty pageants for women. These are Miss World, Miss Universe, Miss International, Miss Earth.

Color key

Current franchise

Miss World
India did not send delegates in 1967, 1965, 1964, 1963.
From 1959 to 1966 representatives to Miss World were sent by Eve's Weekly Miss India pageant. In 1968, Bharat Sundari got the franchise to send India's representative to Miss World. They sent the delegates from 1968 to 1970, 1972, 1975. Femina got the franchise in 1976. Femina also sent delegates to Miss World in 1971 and 1974. Traditionally the runner up in Miss India pageant was sent to Miss World but this changed in 2013 and now the winner of Miss India is sent to represent at Miss World.

Miss Universe
India did not compete in the Miss Universe pageant from 1953 to 1963. I AM She – Miss Universe India sent its delegates to Miss Universe from 2010 to 2012. Traditionally the Miss India Winner was sent to Miss Universe and the runner up was sent to Miss World; however since 2013 a separate pageant Miss Diva has been held to send delegates to Miss Universe and the Miss India winner will represent India at Miss World annually.

Miss Supranational
Femina Miss India and Miss Diva (The Times Group) acquired the rights to send India representatives to Miss Supranational only from the year 2013.

Former Franchise

Miss International

Femina Miss India dropped the franchise of Miss International in 2015. The last representative to Miss International from Femina Miss India was Jhataleka Malhotra in 2014.

India did not send delegates to Miss International in 1963–1967, 1972, 1977, 1989, 1990.
From 1960 to 1988 Eve's Weekly Miss India sent India's representatives to Miss International pageant.
In the year 2013, Miss Diva winner was sent to Miss International.

Miss Earth

Femina Miss India dropped the Miss Earth Franchise in 2014 after Alankrita Sahai being the last representative from Miss Diva.
 In 2019, Miss Divine Beauty obtained the right to send India's representative to Miss Earth
 In 2015, Glamanand Supermodel India obtained the rights to send India's representatives to Miss Earth.
 In 2014, Miss Diva winner was sent to Miss Earth pageant.

Miss Grand International

In the years 2013 and 2014 India's delegates to Miss Grand International were sent by Indian Princess. Femina Miss India acquired the franchise in 2015 till 2019 and 2021.Delegate for Miss Grand International 2020 and 2022 and onwards was sent by Glamanand Supermodel India.

Miss United Continents
The representatives for Miss United Continents have been selected by Femina Miss India since the pageant's inception in 2013.

Miss Intercontinental
Indian representatives to Miss Intercontinental is being sent by Femina Miss India group.

Miss Asia Pacific International

Miss Asia Pacific World
In the years 2011 and 2012, I Am She – Miss India sent their runners-up to this pageant. Femina had franchise to select their representatives in the years 2013 and 2014.

India is the only country to win an international pageant three years in a row. In the year 2012, Himangini Singh Yadu was crowned as Miss Asia Pacific World 2012. In the succeeding year Srishti Rana was crowned as Miss Asia Pacific World 2013. In the year 2014, May Myat Noe of Myanmar was originally crowned but later she was dethroned. A new pageant was held by the organizers and Swetha Raj of India became victorious, thus giving India a rare Three-peat victory in an international pageant.

Mister India

Along with Femina Miss India and Miss Diva, the Times Group also organised Mister India pageant to select representative for Mister World and Mister Supranational.

Prateik Jain was the first Mister World India under The Times Group and Jitesh Thakur was the first ever Mister Supranational India.

International victories

In 2016, Rohit Khandelwal became the first Indian and thus the first Asian to win the Mister World contest title.

In 2018, Prathamesh Maulingkar became the first Indian and thus the first Asian to win the Mister Supranational contest title. This marked India, the only country to win both Miss and Mister Supranational titles.

Titleholders

Editions
Below is the complete list of Mister World India editions.

Mister World

Mister Supranational

Photographs of some notable international titleholders

Miss Universe

Miss World

Miss Supranational

Miss Earth

Miss Tourism International

Mister India

Photographs of some titleholders

Femina Miss India Universe

Femina Miss India World

Femina Miss India Earth

Femina Miss India International

Femina Miss Grand India

Femina Miss India Asia Pacific

Mister India

See also

 Miss Earth India
 Miss Diva
 Miss Transqueen India
 Miss India Worldwide India
 List of beauty pageants

Notes

References

External links

Beauty pageants in India
Events of The Times Group
1963 establishments in Maharashtra
Indian awards
India
India

Femina Miss India


Bed Bath & Beyond, Inc. was an American big-box retail chain specializing in housewares, furniture, and specialty items. Headquartered in Union, New Jersey, the chain operated stores in the United States and Canada, and was once counted among the Fortune 500 and the Forbes Global 2000. The chain filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in April 2023 and liquidated all of its remaining stores, with the last closing on July 30, 2023. Following the retail chain's liquidation, its name was adopted by online retailer Overstock.com, which acquired the company's trademarks in a bankruptcy auction. The name is also still used by the chain's former Mexican division, which is now independent.

History
Warren Eisenberg and Leonard Feinstein worked in management positions at discount store chain Arlan's. As the company suffered financial difficulties, and the two believed that the market would shift toward specialty stores, they decided to leave and form their own company. In 1971, they opened a store in Springfield, New Jersey, called Bed 'n Bath. By 1985, Eisenberg and Feinstein were operating 18 stores in the New York metropolitan area and California. Also in 1985, the first superstore was opened, as an attempt to remain competitive with Linens 'n Things, Pacific Linen, and Luxury Linens. In order to properly represent the size increase in its retail stores, the company changed its name to Bed Bath & Beyond in 1987.

Growth and acquisitions
By 1991, Bed Bath & Beyond had opened seven new superstores in New Jersey, California, Virginia, Illinois, Maryland, and Florida. The following June, the company made its IPO on the NASDAQ stock exchange. The company adopted integrated computer-based inventory management systems in 1993 to better compete with Linens 'n Things, which had utilized computer inventory management since the late 1980s. The chain's 100th store opened in Irvine, California, in October 1996; the 200th, in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, followed less than three years later in August 1999. That year, Bed Bath & Beyond reached $1 billion in sales for the first time.

In 2002, Bed Bath & Beyond acquired Harmon Discount Health & Beauty, later renamed Harmon Face Values. Five years later in 2007, the company acquired Buy Buy Baby, a chain of baby supply stores founded by Feinstein's sons, and began international expansion, opening their first Canadian store in Richmond Hill, Ontario. By 2011, Bed Bath & Beyond had 1,142 stores. In 2012, the company acquired Cost Plus World Market for $495 million.

In 2016, the company acquired One Kings Lane, a luxury furniture e-commerce retailer; the following year, the company acquired Decorist, an online interior design platform.

Decline
In March 2019, three activist investment firms—Legion Partners, Macellum Advisors, and Ancora Advisors—announced their intent to remove current CEO Steven Temares and restructure Bed Bath & Beyond's current board of directors. The activist investors highlighted several instances of perceived nepotism, including the acquisition of Buy Buy Baby, which was founded by two of Bed Bath & Beyond co-founder Leonard Feinstein's children, and the acquisition of Chef Central, which was created by co-founder Warren Eisenberg's son, as examples of poor business practices at Bed Bath & Beyond. This pressure led five independent directors to step down on April 22, 2019, and also resulted in the company restructuring its board to include only 10 directors instead of the previous 12 members.

On April 13, 2019, there was a report that the chain would close 40 stores but open 15 new locations.

On May 13, 2019, Bed Bath & Beyond announced that CEO Steven Temares would step down "effectively immediately" and would resign his seat on the board of directors. Mary Winston, who had been appointed to the company's board as a result of the activist investment firms' efforts, replaced Temares as interim CEO. On November 4, 2019, Mark Tritton, previously chief merchandising officer at Target, started as Bed Bath & Beyond's CEO.

To combat declining profitability, Bed Bath & Beyond, which had for decades used coupon mailers and other promotional discounting tactics to attract consumers, announced in April 2019 that it would reduce its use of promotional coupons and tighten restrictions on their use. The chain also announced the development of new private label brands and concept stores.

As of 2019, Bed Bath & Beyond operated approximately 1,530 stores in all 50 U.S. states, as well as in the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Canada. In addition to more than 1,020 Bed Bath & Beyond stores, the company also operated approximately 280 Cost Plus World Markets, 100 Buy Buy Baby stores, roughly 80 Christmas Tree Shops, and more than 50 Harmon stores.

Bed Bath & Beyond announced in January 2021 that it would stop selling MyPillow, citing poor sales. The announcement came in the wake of the January 6 United States Capitol attack and MyPillow CEO Mike Lindell's conspiracy theories and efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election, and amidst similar announcements by Kohl's and Wayfair.

Divestitures
Throughout 2020, Bed Bath & Beyond sold many of its subsidiaries. First, in April, One Kings Lane was sold to CSC Generation. Later that year in October, the company announced plans to sell the 80-store Christmas Tree Shops chain, along with its Massachusetts distribution center, to Massachusetts-based Handil Holdings LLC; the acquisition was finalized the following month. Finally, in December 2020, the company also announced plans to sell Cost Plus World Market to Front Burner LP; that sale was later finalized in February 2021.

Bed Bath & Beyond announced in July 2020 that it planned to close more than 200 stores, about 21% of its fleet, over two years, citing the COVID-19 pandemic. 63 locations targeted for closure were named that September, followed by another 43 in January 2021. In January 2022, Bed Bath & Beyond announced the closure of 37 more locations.

In March 2022, Ryan Cohen, former CEO of Chewy and a large shareholder of Bed Bath & Beyond, sent an open letter, as part of a Schedule 13D filing, to the Board of Directors calling for Buy Buy Baby to be sold or spun off at a favorable valuation. Subsequently, Bed Bath & Beyond reached a deal to give Cohen three board seats in exchange for his cooperation and the creation of a committee to execute his proposed plan. In July 2022, FCM BBBY Holdings, LLC, managed by Jake Freeman, also sent an open letter, as part of a Schedule 13G filing, asking the board of directors to consider their proposed plan to reduce Bed Bath & Beyond's debt and improve liquidity through convertible bond issuance.

Come July, significant changes to the company's executive leadership were announced: Mark Tritton would leave his role as president and chief executive officer, to be replaced by Sue Gove in an interim capacity. That August, the company announced that 20% of its corporate staff would be laid off, and 150 more stores would be closed. Gove was promoted to permanent president and CEO the following October.

On September 2, 2022, Gustavo Arnal, the company's chief financial officer, committed suicide, jumping from the balcony of his New York City apartment. Arnal was one of the targets of a class action lawsuit alleging that Bed Bath & Beyond's stock had become a pump-and-dump scheme. Two weeks later on September 16, the company named 56 stores targeted for closure of the 150 announced in August; later, on September 26, the company announced the closure of Decorist.

Bankruptcy and liquidation
Bed Bath & Beyond opened 2023 by warning investors that it might not survive the year. On January 5, shares of the company plunged almost 30% on the stock market, and the company announced it had "substantial doubt" in being able to continue to operate as a business. Wall Street analysts predicted that the company could file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy as soon as January 7. On January 9, Bed Bath & Beyond  hired AlixPartners as a restructuring adviser, and announced the closure of 62 more stores.

Bed Bath & Beyond announced on January 26 that some banks had cut its line of credit. The next day, it was revealed that the company would shutter its Harmon Face Values chain, closing all 52 of its stores, and would also close five Buy Buy Baby stores and 87 Bed Bath & Beyond locations, including the last location in West Virginia.

On February 7, 2023, Hudson Bay Capital and several other investors arranged a public stock offering to raise over $1 billion to help the company avoid bankruptcy.

On February 10, 2023, it was revealed the company would shutter its Canadian division, closing all 54 Bed Bath & Beyond and 11 Buy Buy Baby stores in Canada. According to court documents, the business does not have the "capacity or ability to independently effect a recapitalization or restructuring of the Canadian operations without access to cash and the support". The same day, they also announced 149 more store closures in the United States, including the last two locations in Wyoming.

Bed Bath & Beyond announced on March 30 that if it was unable to sell $300 million in stock, the company would likely file for bankruptcy. In addition it also terminated its fundraising deal with Hudson Bay Capital.

On April 23, 2023, after failing to pay off stock, declining sales, high debt, and years of struggling, Bed Bath & Beyond, Buy Buy Baby, and 73 affiliated debtors and entities officially filed for Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. It was later confirmed that all remaining Bed Bath & Beyond and Buy Buy Baby stores in the United States would close unless a buyer was found for the chain. Even if the company could find a buyer, shareholders could be expected to be wiped out, with proceeds from the liquidation going to secured creditors and bondholders. By May 3, the company's stock was delisted from the Nasdaq exchange.

Following the bankruptcy filing, Bed Bath & Beyond stopped accepting their popular coupons on April 26, and liquidation sales commenced at all remaining stores the next day. Shortly thereafter, numerous other retailers, including The Container Store, Big Lots, Boscov's, and Kirkland's, announced that they would honor unused Bed Bath & Beyond coupons for a limited time. Liquidation sales continued through June and July, with the last stores closing permanently on July 30, 2023.

Industry analysts attribute Bed Bath & Beyond's failure to a number of factors, including a late entry to e-commerce, reduction in merchandise selection and quality, supply chain issues, competition from Walmart, Target, and HomeGoods, and debt accrued from stock buybacks. The latter is widely considered the largest reason for Bed Bath & Beyond's collapse, as the company's stock buyback schemes, in practice since 2004, were the source of much of its $5.2 billion debt. This resulted in an inability to pay vendors on time, which led many to halt merchandise shipments to the company.

Acquisition by Overstock.com and online revival
In a June 2023 bankruptcy auction, Overstock.com acquired the Bed Bath & Beyond name, and associated intellectual property, in a $21.5 million stalking-horse bid. Shortly thereafter, Overstock publicly announced its intention to rebrand its own operations under the Bed Bath & Beyond name after the acquisition closes. It did so on August 1, 2023, two days after the last brick-and-mortar Bed Bath & Beyond stores shuttered.

The acquisition did not include the Buy Buy Baby brand, as bids were still being solicited for a separate sale of the chain until July; after no satisfactory bids were received, Buy Buy Baby's name and intellectual property were instead auctioned. A $15.5 million sale of the chain's intellectual property to New Jersey-based Dream On Me is pending.

Following the sale of the brand to Overstock, Bed Bath & Beyond, Inc. changed its name to 20230930-DK-Butterfly-1, Inc. and cancelled its stock on September 29, 2023.

Revival of Canadian stores as Rooms + Spaces and Babies "R" Us
The retailer's last Canadian stores closed four days earlier than planned in late April 2023. Following the closure of the chain's operations in Canada, Doug Putman, owner of Sunrise Records and Toys "R" Us Canada, acquired 21 former Bed Bath & Beyond locations, with plans to revive the chain in Canada as Rooms + Spaces, under the leadership of former Bed Bath & Beyond Canada general manager Greg Dyer. Putman also opened the first two stand alone Babies "R" Us locations in Canada, in Edmonton in former Buy Buy Baby locations. The first Rooms + Spaces and stand alone Babies "R" Us locations opened in July 2023

Leases for other locations in Canada were acquired by other retailers, including Mark's and Pro Hockey Life.

Christmas Tree Shops bankruptcy
On May 5, 2023, Christmas Tree Shops also filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, despite having been separated from Bed Bath & Beyond two years prior. The now-independent chain later announced in July that it would liquidate; its last stores closed on August 12, 2023, two weeks after Bed Bath & Beyond.

Former subsidiaries
 Bed Bath & Beyond Canada L.P. (2007–2023) – opened in 2007; operated 53 stores across 9 Canadian provinces; liquidated and closed in April 2023;  brand relaunched in Canada by Overstock.ca alongside US relaunch in August 2023
 Bed Bath & Beyond México – a joint venture with Home & More, S.A. de C.V to operate stores in Mexico under the Bed Bath & Beyond name. The Mexican unit is not affected by the closure in the US and Canada and will continue to operate normally.
Buy Buy Baby – founded by Richard and Jeffrey Feinstein; acquired in March 2007; closed with company in July 2023
Harmon Face Values (2002–2023) – acquired in March 2002; closed in February 2023
Cost Plus World Market (2012–2021) – acquired in May 2012; sold in February 2021
 Christmas Tree Shops (2003–2020) – acquired in 2003; sold in 2020; closed in August 2023
 One Kings Lane (2016–2020) – acquired in June 2016; sold in April 2020
 Linen Holdings (2012–2020) – acquired in June 2012; sold in October  2020
 Of a Kind (2015–2019) – acquired in August 2015; closed in October 2019
 Decorist (2017–2022) – acquired in 2017; closed in September 2022

References

Further media

External links

 Bankruptcy case website

1971 establishments in New Jersey
2007 establishments in Canada
1992 initial public offerings
2023 disestablishments in Canada
2023 disestablishments in New Jersey
American companies established in 1971
American companies disestablished in 2023
Companies based in Union County, New Jersey
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2023
Companies that have filed for bankruptcy in Canada
Companies formerly traded over-the-counter in the United States
Home decor retailers
Retail companies based in New Jersey
Retail companies established in 1971
Retail companies disestablished in 2023
Defunct retail companies of Canada
Retail companies of Mexico
Defunct retail companies of the United States
Union Township, Union County, New Jersey

Bed Bath & Beyond


جاك شتاينبرجر   فيزيائي ألماني أمريكي حاز جائزة نوبل للفيزياء عام 1988 بالمشاركة مع ليون ليدرمان وملفن شفارتز عن اكتشافهم نيوترينو الميون.

ولد جاك شتاينبرجر في 25 مايو 1921 بمدينة باد كيسنجن بمقاطعة بافاريا بألمانيا، وحصل على الجنسية الأمريكية ويعيش حاليا في سويسرا.

انظر أيضًا
 لائحة اليهود الحاصلين على جائزة نوبل.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

إنسانويون أمريكيون
ملحدون أمريكيون يهود
أشخاص مرتبطون بسيرن
أشخاص من باد كيسينغن
ألمان نالوا جائزة نوبل
أمريكيون حازوا جائزة نوبل
أمريكيون من أصل يهودي ألماني
إنسانويون يهود
حائزون على جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء
حائزون على زمالة غوغنهايم
حائزون على قلادة العلوم الوطنية الأمريكية
حاصلون على ميدالية ماتيوتشي
خريجو جامعة شيكاغو
خريجو معهد إلينوي للتقنية
علماء أمريكيون يهود
علماء الفيزياء التجريبية
علماء فيزياء الجسيمات
فيزيائيون سويسريون
فيزيائيون يهود
ملحدون ألمان
ملحدون أمريكيون
ملحدون يهود
مهاجرون ألمان إلى الولايات المتحدة
مواليد 1921
مواليد في باد كيسينغن
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة كولومبيا
وفيات 2020
يهود ألمان
يهود ألمان هاجروا للولايات المتحدة هربا من النازية
يهود حازوا جائزة نوبل

جاك شتاينبرجر


Scopa d'Undici é uma variante do jogo de cartas italiano Scopa, cujo mecanismo de captura de cartas é similar ao da Escoba ou da Scopa di Quindici; é jogado de 2 a 4 pessoas, com 2 ou 3 joga-se individualmente, com 4 joga-se em duplas.

Objetivo do jogo
Capturar a maior quantidade de cartas que estiverem sobre a mesa, fazendo combinações de 11 pontos com uma carta da mão e uma ou mais cartas da mesa, tentando obter em conjunto: o settebello (sete de ouros); o maior número de ouros; os setes, os seis, ou ases; scopas, ou seja, deixar a mesa sem cartas quando se faz capturas várias vezes.

Tipo de baralho
No jogo utiliza-se um maço de baralho italiano tradicional de 40 cartas. Se for utilizado o baralho espanhol deve-se remover os oitos e os noves. Se o baralho francês for utilizado removem-se os oitos, os noves e os dez.

Ordem e valor das cartas
A ordem das cartas, em ordem decrescente, e seus respectivos valores são:
 Rei: 10
 Cavalo: 9
 Valete: 8
 Sete: 7
 Seis: 6
 Cinco: 5
 Quatro: 4
 Três: 3
 Dois: 2
 Ás: 1

O carta do cavalo equivale à da dama no baralho francês.

Desenvolvimento do Jogo

O jogo segue a mesma dinâmica da Scopa di Quindici.

Pontuação
O sistema de pontuação é o seguinte:

 Scopa : cada scopa obtida = 1 ponto;
 Carte : maior número de cartas = 1 ponto;
 Sette bello : obtenção do 7 de ouros = 1 ponto;
 Denari : maior número de cartas de ouros = 1 ponto;
 Primiera : obtenção da primiera = 1 ponto.

Caso ocorra empate em carte, denari ou primiera nenhuma equipe recebe os pontos respectivos.

Jogos de cartas
Jogos de cartas da Itália
Jogos de cartas com baralho italiano

Scopa d'Undici


An Carex transcaucasica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Tatiana Vladimirovna Egorova. An Carex transcaucasica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex transcaucasica


Pistolul-mitralieră Thompson este un pistol-mitralieră inventat de ofițerul american John T. Thompson în anul 1918, cu scopul de a intra în uzul armatelor Antantei, în timpul Primului Război Mondial, dar folosit intensiv de armatele Aliaților din cel de-Al Doilea Război Mondial. Pistolul-mitralieră Thompson a fost răspunsul americanilor la pistoalele și puștile-mitralieră franțuzești (Ribeyrolles 1918), germane (MP 18/28) și rusești (Fiodorov), apărute în timpul Primului Război Mondial. Însă pistolul-mitralieră Thompson a devenit faimos în timpul perioadei interbelice, odată cu Prohibiția, fiind utilizat atât de armată și poliție, cât și de criminali și gangsteri, fiind apreciat pentru calibrul său mare, pentru acuratețea și fiabilitatea sa și pentru încărcătoarele sale largi.
Pistolul-mitralieră Thompson a mai fost cunoscut și drept "Tommy Gun", "Annihilator", "Chicago Typewriter", "Chicago Piano", "Chicago Style", "Chicago Grinder", "Trench Broom" "Chopper", sau pur și simplu "The Thompson".

Istorie și utilizare

Proiectarea

Utilizarea inițială

Al Doilea Război Mondial

Războiul Rece

Interesul colecționarilor

Caracteristici

Variante

În uzul civililor

Utilizatori
:  folosite în special de talibani.
: copii chinezești și iugoslave.

: Folosit de armata australiană în timpul Celui De-Al Doilea Război Mondial până la adoptarea pistolului-mitralieră australian Owen.

: Utilizat de armata braziliană în timpul Celui De-Al Doilea Război Mondial<ref>{{cite book|last1=Maximiano|first1=Cesar|last2=Bonalume|first2=Ricardo N|url=https://books.google.com/?id=L6HVtOSmWAEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Brazilian+Expeditionary+Force+WWII#v=onepage&q=Brazilian%20Expeditionary%20Force%20WWII&f=false|title=Brazilian Expeditionary Force in World War II|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2011|isbn=9781849084833|series=Men at Arms 465|page=45}}</ref> până la mijlocul anilor 1980.
 India Britanică: utilizate de armata indo-britanică în timpul Celui De-Al Doilea Război Mondial.

: Copii fără licență.

: Versiunea M1928A1 este cunoscută sub denumirea de  Pistolet-mitrailleur 11 mm 43 (C.45) M. 28 A1.
: Utilizate de autoritățile grecești și partizani în timpul Celui De-Al Doilea Război Mondial. Versiunea M1A1 a fost de asemenea utilizată.

: capturate de la autoritățile coloniale olandeze.
: Insurgenții irakieni.
: 123 de exemplare utilizate de Forțele de Apărare Irlandeze.
:
: Exemple capturate au fost folosite de armata italiană înainte de 8 septembrie 1943. De asemenea, furnizate partizanilor și armatei italiene co-beligerante. După război, au fost folosite de aviația italiană și de Carabinieri.
: Au fost folosite în anumite cantități de forța maritimă de autoapărare japoneză

: primite de la americani în timpul Războiului din Coreea și Vietnam.
: primite de la americani în timpul Primului Război din Indochina și în timpul Războiului din Vietnam.
: M1A1 în serviciu între anii 1952-1967, înlocuite de Uzi.

:

: M1928 și M1928A1
: Garda Națională din Nicaragua a primit M1928A1, iar unele au fost capturate de rebelii lui Sandino.
: Copii fără licență. Utilizate de Viet Minh în timpul Primului Război din Indochina.
: Folosit de armata pakistaneză în timpul Războiului Indo-Pakistanez din 1947.
: posibil

: Folosit de forțele armate poloneze din Occident în timpul celui de-al doilea război mondial și de partizani în timpul Revoltei din Varșovia.
: folosite de poliție.

: Folosite în timpul Războiului din Coreea și în Invazia turcă a Ciprului.http://www.ulusalkanal.com.tr/images/album/konuksever18.jpg
: observate, utilizatori necunoscuți.
: Folosite pentru prima oară în timpul Celui De-Al Doilea Război Mondial.
: Folosite de armata americană între anii 1938-1971.Miller, David (2001). The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns. Salamander Books Ltd. .

: Primite de la americani în timpul Războiului Rece.

Alți utilizatori
Sindicatele americane de criminalitate organizată, cum ar fi Chicago Outfit și Mafia americană.
Armata Republicană Irlandeză.
Viet Cong.
The Angry Brigade

Galerie

Referințe
Citate

Bibliografie

Albert, David and Sig, Mike. (2005). Thompson Manuals, Catalogs, and Other Paper Items. Self Published.
Bannan, James F. and Hill, Tracie L. (1989). Notes On Auto-Ordnance. South West Publishing Co.
Burrough, Bryan. (2004). Public Enemies: America's Greatest Crime Wave and the Birth of the FBI. The Penguin Press.
Cox, Roger A. (1982). The Thompson Submachine Gun. Law Enforcement Ordnance Company.
Dunlap, Roy F. (1948). Ordnance Went Up Front. Samworth Press.
Ellis, Chris. (1998). The Thompson Submachine Gun. Military Book Club.
Fitzsimons, Bernard. (1977) The illustrated encyclopedia of 20th century weapons and warfare. Phoebus
George, John (Lt. Col). (1948). Shots Fired In Anger. Samworth Press.
Gudmundsson, Bruce. (1995). Stormtroop Tactics: Innovation in the German Army, 1914–1918. Praeger Press.
Helmer, William J. (1969). The Gun That Made The Twenties Roar. MacMillan, also Gun Room Press.
Herigstad, Gordon. (1996). Colt Thompson Serial Numbers. Self Published.
Hill, Tracie L. (1996). Thompson: The American Legend. Collector Grade Publications.
Hill, Tracie L. (2009). The Ultimate Thompson Book. Collector Grade Publications.
Hogg, Ian V. and Weeks, John. (1989). Military Small Arms of the 20th Century. DBI Books Inc.
Huon, Jean. (1995). Les pistolets-mitrailleurs Thompson. Barnett Editions, also Editions Crepin-LeBlond.
Iannamico, Frank. (2000). American Thunder: The Military Thompson Submachine Gun. Moose Lake Publishing. MachineGunbooks.com .
Iannamico, Frank. (2003). "The Colt Thompson Submachine Gun". The Shotgun News Treasury Issue Volume 4. Primedia Publishing
Iannamico, Frank. (2004). American Thunder II: The Military Thompson Submachine Gun. Moose Lake Publishing.
Iannamico, Frank. (2004). United States Submachine Guns. Moose Lake Publishing.
Johnson, Melvin M. and Haven, Charles J. (1941). Automatic Arms. William Morrow and Co.
Linton, Peter. The Machinist's Guide to the Thompson Submachine Gun  (2012) Gun Show Books Publishing
Nelson, Thomas B. (1963). The World's Submachine Guns, Volume I. International Small Arms Publishers.
.
 Olive, Ronaldo. (1996). Guia Internacional de Submetralhadoras. Editora Magnum Ltda.
 Sazanidis, Christos. (1995). "Τα όπλα των Ελλήνων (Arms of the Greeks)". Maiandros, Thessaloniki (Greece) .
Sharpe, Philip B. "The Thompson Sub-Machine Gun (in Police Science)" Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1931–1951), Vol. 23, No. 6. (Mar. - Apr., 1933), pp. 1098–1114.
Smith, Charles H. A brief story of Auto-Ordnance Company.
Weeks, John. (1980). World War II Small Arms. Galahad Books.
Wilson, R.K. (1943). Textbook of Automatic Pistols''. Small Arms Technical Publishing Company.
.

Vezi și
 Orița
 PPȘ-41
 StG 44

Legături externe

Auto Ordnance
Thompson Submachine Gun Discussion Forum
The Unofficial Tommy Gun Home Page
The Official Thompson Collectors Association Page

 Arme din Primul Război Mondial
 Arme din cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial
Pistoale-mitralieră

Pistol-mitralieră Thompson


مطار أبو روديس هو مطار يقع في مدينة أبو روديس بجنوب سيناء، مصر. وهو مطار خاص لشركات البترول والتعدين العاملة بالمدينة الواقعة علي جنوب خليج السويس الغني بحقول النفط الخام مثل بلاعيم بحري.

انظر أيضا

 قائمة مطارات مصر

مراجع

محافظة جنوب سيناء
مطارات مصر

مطار أبو رديس


أرنولد موهرن  ، من مواليد 2 يونيو 1951 ، لاعب كرة قدم هولندي سابق.

لعب مع منتخب هولندا لكرة القدم.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية هولنديون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية هولنديون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون هولنديون مغتربون في إنجلترا
طاقم نادي أياكس أمستردام غير اللاعبين
لاعبو الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو أياكس أمستردام
لاعبو إيبسويتش تاون
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1988
لاعبو تفينتي
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم من شمال-هولندا
لاعبو كرة قدم هولنديون
لاعبو كرة قدم هولنديون مغتربون
لاعبو مانشستر يونايتد
لاعبو منتخب هولندا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي فولندام
لاعبو نهائي كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي
لاعبون فائزون ببطولة أمم أوروبا
لاعبون فائزون بكأس الاتحاد الأوروبي
موهرن

أرنولد موهرن


Dame Gladys Constance Cooper, DBE (født 18. december 1888,  død 17. november 1971) var en engelsk teater- og filmskuespiller.

Hun startede som en "ballethoppe" i en alder af 16 år og fik enorm popularitet på grund af sin skønhed. Hun begyndte at indspille film i 1910'erne, herunder den kommercielt succesfulde stumfilm Satans Sorger. Under 1. Verdenskrig var hun også en populær pin-up pige. I begyndelsen af 1920'erne begyndte hun at spille teater.

I 1940 begyndte hun sin filmkarriere i Hollywood, hvor hun var i tre årtier spillede karakterroller med elegance og værdighed. Hun blev nomineret til en Oscar tre gange.

Svigermor til skuespillere Robert Morley og Robert Hardy.

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra England
Personer fra London
Briter i 1800-tallet
Briter i 1900-tallet
Personer tildelt Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Oscar-nominerede skuespillere

Gladys Cooper


Ghaith Pharaon, né le  à Riyad (Arabie saoudite) et mort le  à Beyrouth (Liban), est un ancien financier et homme d'affaires fugitif saoudien d'origine syrienne, fondateur d', d'. Il a été investisseur dans le parc français Mirapolis et dans la Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI), une banque internationale créée par le financier pakistanais .

Ghaith Pharaon est un investisseur dans la première entreprise commerciale de George W. Bush. Ghaith Pharaon est inculpé et recherché en raison de son rôle présumé dans la faillite de la BCCI et du scandale de la , qui a coûté  de dollars aux contribuables américains. Il est cité dans un rapport du Parlement français de 2002 comme ayant des liens avec des réseaux financiers informels, et des commerçants et des terroristes, y compris Al-Qaïda. Toujours sous une demande d'extradition vers les États-Unis, il meurt en 2017 à Beyrouth sans être confronté à ces accusations.

Jeunesse
Ghaith Pharaon est le fils de  (né en Syrie en 1912). Ce dernier est ambassadeur saoudien en Europe de 1948 à 1954 et ambassadeur d'Arabie saoudite en France entre 1960 et 1966 ou entre 1948 et 1954 entre autres.

De 1936 à 1953, Rashad Pharaon est le médecin privé d'Abdelaziz ibn Saoud, fondateur du troisième État saoudien, l'actuelle Arabie saoudite. Ghaith Pharaon est né le  à Riyad, capitale de l'Arabie saoudite.

Ghaith Pharaon fréquente des écoles au Liban, en Syrie, en France et en Suisse. Ses études aux États-Unis se déroulent à la Colorado School of Mines puis à l'université Stanford, et enfin à la Harvard Business School.

Bank of Credit and Commerce International
Le , la BCCI est créée par le pakistanais Agha Hasan Abedi, issu d'une famille chiite, qui souhaite alors créer une banque d'envergure internationale et active dans les pays émergents, la première banque musulmane au monde. Il bénéficie du parrainage de l'émir d'Abu Dhabi, Zayed ben Sultan Al Nahyane, qui y injecte de fortes sommes en pétrodollars. La banque est liée à de grandes familles arabes ou pakistanaises comme les Bin Mahfouz d'Arabie saoudite, les Gokal du Pakistan et les Pharaon d'Abou Dabi. BCCI Holding SA est enregistrée au Luxembourg en 1972. Le Gulf group, conglomérat propriété de la famille Gokal, est dès 1972 le premier gros client de la banque.

En 1978, James Reynolds Bath devient directeur de la Main Bank, basée à Houston. Ses investisseurs étaient John Bowden Connally, le financier saoudien Ghaith Pharaon et Mahfouz. James Reynolds Bath est un ancien directeur de Banque de Crédit et de Commerce international (BCCI) et le copropriétaire d'Énergie Arbusto avec George W. Bush. Ils faisaient tous deux partie de la garde nationale aérienne du Texas pendant la guerre du Viêt Nam.

En , le comité de la banque fédérale américaine réclame une amende de  de dollars à la BCCI pour le contrôle dissimulé des banques First American, Centrust Savings Bank of Miami et Independence Bank of Encino, Californie. L'entreprise d'audit financier Price Waterhouse fait état dans un rapport de 45 pages sur la BCCI de faux prêts, de dépôts non enregistrés, de délits d'initiés, tous véhiculés via des banques complices et des entreprises écrans. Le représentant de la BCCI aux États-Unis était Ghaith Pharaon. Par la suite, le FBI et Interpol se mettront à la recherche de Ghaith Pharaon, fugitif et inculpé dans plusieurs affaires.

En 1992, les sénateurs américains John Kerry et Hank Brown sont les co-auteurs d'un rapport sur la BCCI, qui est remis au comité des affaires étrangères du Sénat des États-Unis. Dans leur enquête sur la BCCI (), les autorités américaines établissent également que Ghaith Pharaon a pu racheter l'Independence Bank grâce à un prêt garanti par une lettre de crédit de la BAII.

Bien que Pharaon soit un fugitif recherché par le FBI depuis 1991 pour fraude dans la faillite de la BCCI, il décroche un total de  de dollars de contrats avec l'armée américaine en 2007 et 2008. Les contrats consistent à fournir des milliers de tonnes de carburant pour l'aviation aux bases américaines stationnées en Afghanistan et sont attribués à Attock Refinery, une raffinerie basée au Pakistan appartenant à , l'ancien chef d'Al-Mukhabarat al-Aamah.

Les années 1980 en France
L'homme d'affaires marocain Daniel Amar rachète l'enseigne en difficulté Félix Potin en 1984, avant de lui adjoindre en 1986 les supermarchés Radar. Le groupe, qui continue de perdre de l'argent, passe ensuite sous le contrôle de Ghaith Pharaon.

Dans les années 1980, le château de Montfort (Dordogne) est acquis par Ghaith Pharaon.

Mirapolis
En 1984, Ghaith Pharaon rencontre la jeune architecte toulousaine Anne Fourcade désirant créer un parc d'attractions. L'homme d'affaires, dans le but de diversifier ses investissements, fonde la société Paris-Parc. Cette dernière est constituée dans le but de créer et de gérer le parc Mirapolis. Présidée par Pharaon, la société Paris-Parc est créée en  avec un capital de deux millions de francs français. Les engins de chantier sont sur le site le 15 juillet 1985 et le permis de construire est délivré en . Les actionnaires prennent en charge 40 % du financement : d'une part des capitaux étrangers  Interedec du groupe Pharaon avec Ghaith Pharaon à sa tête et des intérêts saoudiens, néerlandais, indiens et marocains. Le financement est pris en charge à 45 % d'autre part par des capitaux français. Les 60 % restants du financement sont réalisés via différents emprunts bancaires, notamment auprès du Crédit national.

Mirapolis essuie de lourdes pertes financières et la société dépose le bilan. Le tribunal de commerce de Paris désigne fin avril 1990 les forains comme repreneurs du parc. En mai, le tribunal de commerce de Paris accorde la reprise de Mirapolis au groupement de forains du GIE Mira-fêt, associé au groupe financier saoudien Concorde du milliardaire Ghaith Pharaon, déjà principal actionnaire de Paris-Parc. Ce groupe  se nomme Campion-Concorde. Ayant en ligne de mire une séance au tribunal de commerce le 11 juillet, Pharaon  annonce début juillet se désister et laisse les forains seuls propriétaires de Mirapolis alors que leur présence n'était possible qu'à la condition de la caution financière de Pharaon.

Références

Liens externes

Milliardaire saoudien
Homme d'affaires
Entrepreneur saoudien
Étudiant de l'université Stanford
Titulaire d'un MBA de la Harvard Business School
Naissance en septembre 1940
Naissance à Riyad
Décès en janvier 2017
Décès à Beyrouth
Décès à 76 ans

Ghaith Pharaon


A source port is a software project based on the source code of a game engine that allows the game to be played on operating systems or computing platforms with which the game was not originally compatible.

Description
Source ports are often created by fans after the original developer hands over the maintenance support for a game by releasing its source code to the public (see List of commercial video games with later released source code). In some cases, the source code used to create a source port must be obtained through reverse engineering, in situations where the original source was never formally released by the game's developers. The term was coined after the release of the source code to Doom. Due to copyright issues concerning the sound library used by the original DOS version, id Software released only the source code to the Linux version of the game. Since the majority of Doom players were DOS users the first step for a fan project was to port the Linux source code to DOS. A source port typically only includes the engine portion of the game and requires that the data files of the game in question already be present on users' systems.

Source ports share the similarity with unofficial patches that both don't change the original gameplay as such projects are by definition mods. However many source ports add support for gameplay mods, which is usually optional (e.g. DarkPlaces consists of a source port engine and a gameplay mod that are even distributed separately). While the primary goal of any source port is compatibility with newer hardware, many projects support other enhancements. Common examples of additions include support for higher video resolutions and different aspect ratios, hardware accelerated renderers (OpenGL and/or Direct3D), enhanced input support (including the ability to map controls onto additional input devices), 3D character models (in case of 2.5D games), higher resolution textures, support to replace MIDI with digital audio (MP3, Ogg Vorbis, etc.), and enhanced multiplayer support using the Internet.

Several source ports have been created for various games specifically to address online multiplayer support. Most older games were not created to take advantage of the Internet and the low latency, high bandwidth Internet connections available to computer gamers today. Furthermore, old games may use outdated network protocols to create multiplayer connections, such as IPX protocol, instead of Internet Protocol. Another problem was games that required a specific IP address for connecting with another player. This requirement made it difficult to quickly find a group of strangers to play with — the way that online games are most commonly played today. To address this shortcoming, specific source ports such as Skulltag added "lobbies", which are basically integrated chat rooms in which players can meet and post the location of games they are hosting or may wish to join. Similar facilities  may be found in newer games and online game services such as Valve's Steam, Blizzard's battle.net, and GameSpy Arcade.

Alternatives
If the source code of a software is not available, alternative approaches to achieve portability are Emulation, Engine remakes, and Static recompilation.

Notable source ports

See also
Enhanced remake
Game engine recreation
Static recompilation
Unofficial patch
List of commercial video games with later released source code
Fork (software development)

References

External links

Software maintenance
Software release
Unofficial adaptations

Source port


BPD may refer to:
 Borderline personality disorder
 Bipolar disorder
 Brief psychotic disorder

Medical
 Biliopancreatic diversion
 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Organizations
 Bharat Punarnirman Dal, a national political party of India
 Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Dubai Campus
 Bombrini-Parodi-Delfino, an Italian chemical firm that existed from 1912 to 1968
 Brunei Prison Department

Law enforcement
 Bakersfield Police Department
 Baltimore Police Department
 Bellevue Police Department (Washington)
 Berkeley Police Department
 Binghamton Police Department
 Boise Police Department
 Boston Police Department
 Bradenton Police Department
 Brea Police Department

Other uses
 BPD (car), British cyclecar manufactured in 1913
 Bank Pembangunan Daerah, a term for Indonesian regional development banks
 Barrel per day, a unit of oil production rate commonly used in a regions or countries using the oil barrel of 42 US gallons
 Biocidal Products Directive, European Union directive 98/8/EC
 Building Performance Database, a database maintained by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the US Department of Energy
 Business Process Diagram, the process diagram used in Business Process Model and Notation

BPD


Svijet

Književna djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Književna djela

 Pjesni pokorne kralja Davida Ivana Gundulića

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

 6. lipnja – Petar Zrinski, hrvatski ban, vojskovođa i pjesnik († 1671.)

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Književnost u 1621.


Hu 2-1 ist ein Planetarischer Nebel im Sternbild Herkules. Er wurde von Milton Lasell Humason im Jahr 1922 entdeckt. Die Hauptstruktur ist eine bipolare Hülle mit einem Radius von etwa 0,9", die sich equatorial mit 15 km/s ausdehnt, während die leuchtschwächeren Ausbuchtungen mit etwa 30 km/s expandieren. Diese Beobachtungen lassen durch kinematische Rückrechnung auf ein Alter von etwa 660 Jahre schließen, was durch geringe Masse des gesamten Nebels von weniger als 1 % der Sonnenmasse gestützt wird.

Weblinks
Observing at Skyhound (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Hu 2-1


Michał Dymitr Krajewski () a fost un scriitor polonez, preot, istoric și activist educațional. A fost membru al Societății Prietenilor Științei din Varșovia (Towarzystwo Warszawskie Przyjaciół Nauk). Este autorul primei descrieri a unei călătorii pe Lună din literatura poloneză.

Este autorul romanului science-fiction Wojciech Zdarzyński życie i przypadki swoje opisujący (Varșovia, 1785) despre soarta lui Wojciech Zdarzyński, un tânăr polonez care, cu ajutorul unui balon, ajunge într-o țară utopică pe Lună. Acest roman este considerat prima carte poloneză științifico-fantastică.

Biografie
În data de 22 iulie 1763 a intrat în mănăstirea piariștilor din Podoliniec, unde a primit numele Dymitr. După noviciat a studiat retorica și filosofia în Międzyrzecze Koreckie. From 1769 he attended the Piarists college in Warsaw and in 1782 he became a prefect of Collegium Nobilium. Author of several books and other literary works, he was supported by the Church itself. In 1788 he took the rectory in Białaczów.

Lucrări scrise
 Podolanka wychowana w stanie natury, życie i przypadki swoje opisująca  (1784)
 Wojciech Zdarzyński życie i przypadki swoje opisujący (1785)
 Pani Podczaszyna. Tom drugi Przypadków Wojciecha Zdarzyńskiego  (1786)
 Dzieje panowania Jana Kazimierza od roku 1656 do jego abdykacji w roku 1668, lucrare istorică. Primul volum a apărut în 1846, al doilea este considerat pierdut.

Note

Bibliografie
 Irena Łossowska, Michał Dymitr Krajewski. Zarys monograficzny, Warszawa 1980.

Vezi și
 Științifico-fantasticul în Polonia

Nașteri în 1746
Decese în 1817
Scriitori polonezi
Istorici polonezi
Preoți romano-catolici în știință
Piariști

Michał Dymitr Krajewski


أندرو بوينس ، من مواليد 18 سبتمبر 1983، لاعب كرة قدم نيوزلندي.

يلعب مع نادي نيويورك رد بولز الأمريكي.

بدأ باللعب مع منتخب نيوزلندا لكرة القدم في عام 2006.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية نيوزيلنديون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية نيوزيلنديون مغتربون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
خريجو جامعة أوتاغو
رياضيون نيوزيلنديون مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
رياضيون نيوزيلنديون مغتربون في كندا
طاقم لوس أنجلوس غالاكسي غير اللاعبين
لاعبو الدوري الأمريكي لكرة القدم
لاعبو كأس العالم 2010
لاعبو كأس القارات 2009
لاعبو كأس أوقيانوسيا للأمم 2004
لاعبو كأس أوقيانوسيا للأمم 2008
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في كندا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في كندا
لاعبو كرة قدم من دنيدن
لاعبو كرة قدم نيوزيلنديون
لاعبو كرة قدم نيوزيلنديون مغتربون
لاعبو لوس أنجلوس غالاكسي
لاعبو منتخب نيوزيلندا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي تورونتو
لاعبو نادي شيفاز يو إس أي
لاعبو نادي نيويورك ريدبولز
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1983
مواليد في دنيدن

أندرو بوينس


ළමා මනෝ ව්‍යාධිවේදය හෙවත් Child Psychopathology විෂයෙන් කතා කරන්නේ ළමුන්ට වැලදෙන මානසික අක්‍රමතා පිළිබදවයි. ළමුන්ගේ මානසිකා අක්‍රමතා වැඩිහිටියන්ගේ මානසික අක්‍රමතා වලින් වෙනස් ස්වරූපයක් ගනියි. වැඩිහිටියන්ට මානසික අක්‍රමතා ඇතිවීමට බලපාන හේතු වලට වඩා වෙනස් හේතුන් ළමුන්ගේ මානසික අක්‍රමතා කෙරෙහි බලපායි. පවුල් පරිසරය හා පවුලේ සාමාජිකයින්ගේ බලපෑම සෘජුවම හේතු වෙයි. ඊට අමතරව පාසල හා ඔහුගේ සමවයස් කණ්ඩායම් ද තරමක බලපෑමක් ඇති කරයි. මනෝවිද්‍යාවේ ප්‍රබල න්‍යායන් කිහිපයකම පවසේන්නේ වැඩිහිටි වියේ පෞරුෂ අක්‍රමතා කෙරෙහි, මුල් අවුරුදු 5 තුලදී ළමයකු ලබා ගන්නා අත්දැකීම් හේතු වන බවයි. එහිදී ඒ සදහා පවුල් සංස්ථාවේ සිදුවන ගැටුම් වෙනස්කම් ද බලපාන බවත්ය.

ළමා අක්‍රමතා කෙරෙහි පවුලේ බලපෑම
අතීතයේ පැවති විස්කෘත පවුල තුල සමාජික පිරිස වැඩි වූ අතර වගකීම් සමූහයද ඔවුනොවුන් අතර බෙදී ගියහ. එහිදී පවුලේ නිදහස හා විවේකය හොදින් පැවති අතර අනෝන්‍ය අවබෝධය උසස් ලෙස තිබිණ. පවුලේ සාමාජිකයින් අතර වැඩි අත්දැකීම් සමූහයක් බෙදී ගිය අතර බොහෝ විට තනිවීමක් හෝ බිය සැක සංකා ඇතිවීමට අවස්ථාවක් නොවින. නමුත් 17වන 18 වන සියවස් වල  යුරෝපයේ සිදුවූ කාර්මික විප්ලවය හේතුවෙන් විස්කෘත පවුල බිදී ගොස් න්‍යෂ්ටික පවුල බිහිවීම ආරම්භ විය. ඒ සදහා හේතු රාශියක් වූ අතර. ගමෙන් නගරයට පවුල් සංක්‍රමණය වීම ප්‍රබල කාරුණක් විය. ඒ තුල පියා, මව හා දරුවන් සීමිත පිරිසක් පමණක් සිටි අතර අර්බුද ගනනාවකට ඔවුන් මුහුණ දෙන ලදී. මේ හේතුවෙන් බොහෝවිට පියා සහ මව යන දෙදෙනාම රැකියාවල නියුතු විය.

න්‍යෂ්ටික පවුල් මත අර්බුද ඇතිවීම.
 පවුල හුදකලා වීම.
 ළමුන් හදාවඩා ගැනීමේ ගැටලුව
 ලමුන් සංඛ්‍යාව (උපත් පාලනය) සීමා කිරීම.

ළමා මනෝ ව්‍යාධිවේදය


Georg Blaurock o Jörg vom Haus Jacob  (Bonaduz, Grisones, 1491 – Klausen, Tirol, 6 de septiembre de 1529) fue un líder cristiano anabautista, cofundador de los Hermanos Suizos.

Juventud
Estudió en la Universidad de Leipzig en 1513, después se formó y fue ordenado sacerdote católico. Entre 1516 y 1518 fue vicario en Trins, en la diócesis de Coira. Partidario de la reforma, se casó y viajó a Zúrich para aprender de Zwinglio, pero, desilusionado, junto con Felix Manz y Conrad Grebel impulsó el movimiento de jóvenes que buscaban la radicalización de cristianismo.

Anabautismo
Participó el 17 de enero de 1525 en el debate sobre el bautismo de niños. Él y sus compañeros sostuvieron que el bautismo debía administrarse solamente a creyentes y no a infantes que aún no tenían capacidad de creer y arrepentirse. Rechazado su punto de vista por las autoridades de Zúrich, él y sus compañeros se bautizaron como creyentes el 21 de enero de 1525; primero Grebel bautizó a Blaurock y luego él a los demás. Después predicaron de casa en casa y celebraban la Santa Cena.

Detenciones y destierros
El 30 de enero de 1525, Manz, Blaurock y 25 pobladores de Zollikon fueron detenidos y encarcelados en un monasterio. Tras el pago de 1.000 florines los 25 fueron liberados, pero los líderes permanecieron detenidos hasta el 24 de febrero. Blaurock regresó a Zollikon y dos días después bautizó a varias personas. El 11 de marzo las autoridades de Zúrich impusieron una multa a los bautizados y determinaron que quien se hiciera bautizar, sería desterrado junto con su familia. El 16 de marzo fueron detenidos 19 Hermanos de Zollikon y el 25 de marzo de 1525 se realizó un nuevo debate con Zwinglio, en el cual participaron Manz y Blaurock, que estaban presos en ese momento.

Tras el debate, Manz, Blaurock y su esposa fueron desterrados y enviados en barco a Coira. Allí fueron detenidos y después de ser liberados, Blaurock debió ir a Appenzell por un tiempo. Regresó a la zona alta de Zúrich, pero fue detenido el 8 de octubre de 1525, cuando predicaba en la iglesia de Hinwyl. Detenidos, Grebel y Manz fueron llevados prisioneros a Grüningen y fueron acusados de "seducir a la población para confirmar una nueva iglesia cuya misión es derrocar el orden existente". Los anabautistas afirmaron que no tenían ningún interés en derrocar el gobierno, pero que seguirían difundiendo y practicando sus ideas sobre el bautismo, la iglesia y la hermandad en Cristo. Entonces se organizó un tercer debate en Zúrich, del 6 al 8 de noviembre de 1525. Finalizado el debate, los anabautistas fueron condenados a seguir encarcelados e incomunicados en una torre.

El 7 de marzo de 1526 los prisioneros fueron condenados a cadena perpetua y el mismo día fue aprobado un decreto de las autoridades de Zúrich que condenaba a muerte por ahogamiento a quien participara en un bautismo de un adulto ya bautizado de niño. El 21 de marzo de 1526, los prisioneros se escaparon y fugaron. En el mes de junio, Blaurock y Manz estaban predicando en Grüningen, pero el 3 de diciembre fueron capturados de nuevo. Manz fue ahogado el 25 de enero de 1527 y Blaurock fue azotado con varas por las calles, desterrado y amenazado de muerte si regresara a Zúrich.

Blaurock intentó participar en un debate en Berna en enero de 1528, pero fue detenido y expulsado. Marchó a Biel, donde los hermanos se reunían secretamente en un bosque de robles, pero fue detenido y desterrado el 9 de marzo de 1528. Se trasladó a los Grisnes y luego a Appenzell, de donde fue desterrado el 21 de abril de 1529.

Martirio
Decidió ir al Tirol a reemplazar al pastor Michael Kürschner, quien había sido ejecutado en la hoguera. Su campo de trabajo se extendía desde Klausen hasta Neumarkt. Para no ser detenido cambiaba con frecuencia los lugares de reunión y realizaba muchos largos viajes.

Por orden de las autoridades de Innsbruck, Blaurock y Hans Langegger fueron detenidos el 14 de agosto de 1529. Después de ser torturados, fueron sentenciados a muerte y quemados en la hoguera en Klausen, el 6 de septiembre del mismo año.

Fuente
Neff, Christian (1953) Blaurock, Georg (ca. 1492-1529); Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Consultada el 5 de enero de 2012.

Anabaptismo
Protestantes de Suiza
Suizos del siglo XVI
Nacidos en el cantón de los Grisones
Fallecidos en la provincia de Bolzano
Ejecutados en la hoguera

Georg Blaurock


Hans Bonde (født 9. januar 1958 i Rødovre) er en dansk historiker, professor, dr.phil. på Institut for Idræt og Ernæring, Københavns Universitet. I sine unge år vandt Bonde 3 Danmarksmesterskaber i judo.
Hans Bonde forsker i maskulinitet, særligt maskulinitet og sport, og har bl.a. udgivet bogen Masculinity, Sport, Politics  i 2010. Hans Bonde har forsket i den danske højreradikalismes brug af personkult, masseforførelse og kontrol over ungdommens kroppe i 1930'erne og besættelsestiden. Denne forskning kulminerede med hans disputats i 2001 og bogen Gymnastics and Politics fra 2008 om den danske gymnastikpædagog Niels Bukh. Med bogen Fodbold med Fjenden fra 2006 afdækkede han, hvordan dansk idræt samarbejdede intenst med tysk idræt under besættelsen.

Hans Bonde har i debatbogen Fordi du fortjener det fra 2013 samt i diverse forskningsartikler fra 2015 til 2016 fremført, at der er foregået ulovlig positiv særbehandling af kvinder inden for kunst og forskning, samt at denne som følge af den juridiske kritik ikke er blevet videreført.    Han har påvist  Det Moderne Gennembruds kropsligt-sanselige dimension via en forskningsbog om en verdensberømte danske sundhedsapostel  Jørgen Peter Müller. Analyse af Ollerup-gymnastikkens udvikling fra associeret til grundlæggeren Niels Bukhs totalitære tænkning til nutidens forankring i den moderne demokratitanke, vist i to forskningsbaserede gymnastikhistoriske bøger fra 2020 Fra udkant til forkant – Kampen om gymnastikken gennem 100 år  samt The fight about gymnastics over 100 years.   I 2020 udkom en ny undervisningsbog bl.a. til gymnasier og universiteter, Med kroppen ind i kulturen - Idrætshistoriske strejflys.  I 2020 udkom også bogen Vi vil have vores fair andel!  (med bidrag af Torsten Skov) der udbygger og understøtter tematikker fra udgivelsen Fordi du fortjener det.

Karriere
Hans Bonde er cand. phil., ph.d. og senest (2002) dr. phil. i historie fra Københavns Universitet. Han har siden 2003 været professor i idrætshistorie ved Institut for Idræt og Ernæring, Københavns Universitet. Sideløbende hermed har han været med til at grundlægge og lede det tværvidenskabelige Forskeruddannelsesprogram i Idræt (REPS) fra 2007-2011, samt været forskergruppeleder fra 2009-2013. Han har siddet i en lang række statslige råd og udvalg vedr. hhv. køn og sundhed.

Hans Bonde var på landsholdet og dansk mester i judo 1976, 1977 og 1981.

Privatliv
Gift med Betina Juul Nielsen.

Børn: Mads Tvillinggaard Bonde (f. 1986), Nina Løkke (f. 1989), Alberte Juul Bonde (f. 2004), David Juul Bonde (f. 2007).

Bibliografi

Bøger og multimedier på dansk
 Judo - Den milde vej (1989)
 Mandighed og sport (1991)
 Sport en moderne Kult (1993)
 Danmarks store ungdomsfører (2001)
 Ikaros fra Ollerup (2001)
 Kampen om ungdommen (2003)
 Fodbold med fjenden (2006)
 Niels Bukh - en politisk-ideologisk biografi (CD-rom, 2007)
 Oprøret i Parken (2008)
 Det ekstreme køn (2008)
 Fordi du fortjener det (2013)
 Danmarks store sundhedsapostel - J.P. Müller. Bd. 1: 1864 -1904 (2019).
 Fra udkant til forkant – Kampen om gymnastikken (2020)
 Med kroppen ind i kulturen (2020)
Vi vil have vores fair andel! - På vej mod fifity-fifty-kulturen (2020)

Internationale udgivelser

 Gymnastics and Politics (2006.)
 Niels Bukh - a Visual Documentation (DVD på engelsk, japansk og dansk, 2007)
 Football with the Foe (2008)
 The Politics of the Male Body in Global Sport - the Danish Involvement (2010)
 The Fight about Gymnastics over 100 years (2020)

Hæder
 1994: HK's Ligestillingspris
 2004: Årets Harald (Årets Underviser) på Københavns Universitet
 2006: Årets historiske bog
 2007: Gerlev-prisen
 2009: Forskningsprisen for Humaniora , Dansk Magisterforening

Referencer

Historikere fra Danmark
Professorer fra Københavns Universitet

Hans Bonde


NT Roads ist die Straßen- und Verkehrsbehörde im Northern Territory, Australien. Sie ist zuständig für die Instandhaltung, den Ausbau und Betrieb des landesweiten Straßennetzes. NT Roads ist Teil des Department of Lands and Planning. Neben dem Straßenverkehr ist die Behörde auch für Häfen, Bootsanlegestellen sowie für Flughäfen, den Schienen- und öffentlichen Nahverkehr zuständig.

Das betreute Straßennetz hat eine Gesamtlänge von 36.000 km mit 210 Brücken, daneben 260 km an städtischen Radwegen und 55 Rastplätze. Für 14.000 km davon sind Teil des Nationalstraßennetzes und werden von der australischen Regierung finanziell unterstützt. Von den insgesamt 36.000 km Straßen sind 8.800 km asphaltiert, 8.600 km geschottert, der Rest ist unbefestigt.

Die wichtigsten Fernstraßen im Northern Territory sind:
 Stuart Highway
 Barkly Highway
 Victoria Highway

Siehe auch
 Highways in Australien
 Liste der Highways im Northern Territory

Einzelnachweise

Behörde (Australien)
Straßenverkehr (Australien)
Verkehr (Northern Territory)
Verkehrsbehörde
Wikipedia:Gründungsdatum ungeklärt
Darwin (Northern Territory)

NT Roads


Economia Bulgariei s-a contractat dramatic după 1989 prin pierderea pieței sovietice, de care economia bulgară era strâns legată. Nivelul de trai a scăzut cu 40%, dar se așteaptă să atingă nivele pre-1990 până la finalul lui 2003. În anii de după criză s-a bucurat de o creștere economică ridicată, salariul mediu fiind de 897 leva (459 EUR) (aprilie 2015).

În plus, sancțiunile ONU împotriva Iugoslaviei și Irakului au continuat să ducă în declin economia bulgară. Primele semne de revenire au apărut în 1994, când PIB-ul a crescut și inflația a scăzut.  În 1996, totuși, economia s-a prăbușit datorită reformelor economice sărace și un sistem bancar instabil.  Din 1997 țara s-a aflat pe traiectoria revenirii, prin creșterea PIB-ului la o rată de 4-5%, creșterea FDI, stabilitatea macroeconomică și aderarea la UE stabilită pentru 2007.

Guvernul curent, ales în 2001, a pledat pentru menținerea obiectivelor economice adoptate de predecesorul său în 1997.  În ciuda faptului că prognozele economice pentru 2002 și 2003 au prezis creștere continuă în economia bulgară, guvernul încă are de a face cu o rată a șomajului mare și standarde scăzute de viață.  Bulgaria, ca și România a aderat la Uniunea Europeană la 1 ianuarie 2007.

Energie
Bulgaria consumă anual 3,2 - 3,4 miliarde de metri cubi de gaze naturale și importă 95-98% din această cantitate din Rusia.

În ce privește energia alternativă, autoritățile de la Sofia și-au asumat atingerea unei ponderi de 16% a energiei verzi în totalul consumului de electricitate din anul 2020.
Capacitatea parcurilor eoliene a urcat de la 103 MW în 2008 la 336 MW în 2010, iar a celor solare de la 1,4 MW în 2008 la 10 MW în 2010.

Agricultura
În anul 2008, Bulgaria a avut o recoltă de 4,4 milioane de tone de grâu, față de 2,4 milioane de tone în 2007.

Industria de armament
Sub regimul comunist, Bulgaria exporta arme în valoare de 700-800 milioane de USD pe an.
Sectorul producției de arme avea atunci 115.000 angajați, față de 20.000 în mai 2008.

Bulgaria a exportat în 2007 arme și echipamente militare în valoare de 180 milioane de Euro, iar în 2006 în valoare de 173 milioane euro.

Relații economice cu alte țări
Exporturile Bulgariei în anul 2007:

Importurile Bulgariei în anul 2007:

Comunicațiile
În anul 2006, piața de telecomunicații din Bulgaria ajuns la valoarea de 1,55 miliarde euro, din care: telefonia mobilă - 921 milioane euro, cablu tv - 82,7 milioane euro, furnizare de informații și internet - 72,7 milioane euro.
În anul 2006, numărul de clienții celor trei companii de telecomunicații, Mobitel, Globul și Vivatel, au depășit totalul populației și au ajuns la peste 8,2 milioane SIM-uri active.

Economia Bulgariei


Castri di Lecce ist eine südostitalienische Gemeinde (comune) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Provinz Lecce in Apulien. Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 13,5 Kilometer südöstlich von Lecce im mittleren Salento.

Geschichte
Auf dem Gemeindegebiet befinden sich noch drei erhaltene Menhire. Erwähnt wird die Gemeinde urkundlich erstmals 1190. Die Gemeinde wurde in zwei Orte, Castrifrancone und Castriguarino, geteilt bzw. stand seit Anfang des 14. Jahrhunderts unter der Herrschaft zwei verschiedener Häuser. Seit 1891 sind beide Orte wieder vereinigt.

Persönlichkeiten
 Adriano Barbano (1923–1985), Theater- und Filmregisseur

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Apulien

Castri di Lecce


Dette er en liste over ryttere og hold i Vuelta a España 2017

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger
 http://www.lavuelta.com/la-vuelta/2017/us/starters.html
 http://www.lavuelta.com/la-vuelta/2017/us/withdrawals.html

Vuelta a España

Ryttere og hold i Vuelta a España 2017


Georg Heinrich Jakob Pertz (født 28. marts 1795 i Hannover, død 7. oktober 1876 i München) var en tysk historiker.

Pertz ansattes 1823 i arkivet i Hannover. Tidlig blev den preussiske minister vom Steins opmærksomhed henledt på ham, og denne gav ham  (1826) overledelsen af det store udgiverarbejde Monumenta Germaniae historica, der i flere rækker (Scriptores, Leges, Diplomata, Deutsche Chroniken, Auctores Antiquissimi, Epistolae, Antiquitates) udgiver kilderne til Tysklands historie i middelalderen. Pertz selv beskæftigede sig mest med den karolingiske tid. For de talrige rejser, dette arbejde medførte, og sine studier i tyske og fremmede håndskriftsamlinger har han gjort rede i Archdv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde (bind 5—14, 1824—72). I 1842 blev Pertz overbibliotekar i Berlin; 1874 trak ham sig tilbage fra sin embeds- og udgivervirksomhed. Til Tysklands nyere historie har Pertz leveret de vigtige bidrag Leben des Ministers Freiherrn von Stein (6 bind, 1849—54) og Leben des Feldmarschalls Grafen von Gneisenau.

Kilder

Historikere fra Tyskland
Arkivarer
Bibliotekarer fra Tyskland
Faglitterære forfattere fra Tyskland
Tysksprogede forfattere
Tyskere i 1800-tallet
Personer fra Hannover

Georg Heinrich Pertz


was a town located in the Higashimatsuura District of Saga Prefecture, Japan. Ōchi is also romanized as Ouchi, and is often referred to that way in Japan. Ōchi was founded as Ōchi-mura (Ōchi-village) by the amalgamation of 16 smaller villages in 1889. It became Ōchi-town (Ōchi-chō) in 1935. Ōchi thus had its own town hall.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,890 and a density of 136.60 persons per km². The total area was 65.08 km².

On January 1, 2005, Ōchi, along with the towns of Chinzei, Hamatama, Hizen, Kyūragi and Yobuko, and the village of Kitahata (all from Higashimatsuura District), were merged into the expanded city of Karatsu. The old town hall became the Ōchi branch office of Karatsu City Hall.

Ōchi contains the Memorial Hall of Hideo Murata who was a famous Japanese rōkyoku and enka singer. A major attraction are the Udonoiwaya Buddhist rock carvings. The scores of images of Buddha date from as early as the 7th century. Also popular is the nearby Mikaerinotaki (Looking Back Waterfall). The Warabino terraced rice fields, said to be the highest in Japan, are located on the northern slopes of Mount Hachimandake in Ōchi.

A major event is the harvest festival, the Ōchi-kunchi. This is a smaller version of the famous Karatsu Kunchi. Beginning on the 3rd Friday of October each year the town has a weekend in which there are a series of parades, day and night, where children and adults pull two large floats and dress in period costumes with much music and lively chanting.

Ōchi was coal mining town before World War II. These days the mine site has been transformed into Ōchi park, the Saga Royal golf course, and a sports complex. Ōchi has become something of a bedroom community, with considerable new housing developments on the north side of the Kyuragi river.

The main train station, Ōchi Station (相知駅), is on the Karatsu Line of Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) running from Nishi-Karatsu Station in Karatsu to Kubota Station in Saga. A smaller line, part of the Chikuhi Line, runs from Yamamoto Station of Karatsu City, through Nishi-Ōchi Station (West-Ōchi) to Imari Station in Imari City, a notable pottery centre in Saga Prefecture, along with Karatsu and Arita. The next station south from Nishi-Ōchi is Sari Station.

Ōchi has become home to the new 21 MW Saga Ouchi Solar farm just southwest of Oshigawa in southeast Ōchi. The solar farm is one of the biggest in Kyushu and opened in April 2018.

Environs
Ōchi Post office
Karatsu City Hall Ōchi Branch
Ōchi Library
Karatsu City Ōchi Elementary School
Karatsu City Ōchi Junior High School
Memorial Hall of Hideo Murata

References
 Ōchi History (相知町史), Tanpei Endo, in two parts: 〈1971, 上巻〉ASIN: B000J9EDH8,〈1977, 下巻〉ASIN: B000J8ZH5Q, and a supplementary volume〈1978, 付巻〉ASIN: B000J8L2NC.

External links

English pages:
 Saga JET Pages (Ouchi page)
 Saga Sightseeing (including Ouchi)
 Karatsu Tourist Information (search on Ouchi)
 Mikaeri Waterfall (Looking-back Waterfall)
 Ouchi Onsen Tentoku-No-Yu
 Udono Stone Buddha Statues
 Local Civil Engineering

See also the Japanese pages:
 ふるさと-おうち
 相知町

and a map,

Dissolved municipalities of Saga Prefecture

Ōchi, Saga


Ronald Melzack  (July 19, 1929 – December 22, 2019) was a Canadian psychologist and professor of psychology at McGill University. In 1965, he and Patrick David Wall revolutionized pain research by introducing the gate control theory of pain. In 1968, Melzack published an extension of the gate control theory, in which he asserted that pain is subjective and multidimensional because several parts of the brain contribute to it at the same time. During the mid-1970s, he developed the McGill Pain Questionnaire and became a founding member of the International Association for the Study of Pain. He also became the founding editor of Wall & Melzack's Textbook of Pain.

Melzack has received numerous honors including Prix du Québec (1994), the Order of Canada (1995), and the National Order of Quebec (2000). In 2010, he won the Grawemeyer Award for  his research on the science of pain.

Early life
Melzack was born in Montreal, the son of Joseph Melzack, who worked in a clothing factory and opened a second-hand bookstore. He grew up in a working-class Jewish neighborhood. Due to financial constraint, Ron was the only sibling in his family to attend university. His brothers worked in the family bookstore known as "Classic Bookshops" which became a successful chain. He received his M.Sc. from McGill in 1951 and his Ph.D. from McGill in 1954. Donald O. Hebb was Melzack's research advisor at university during the time he worked on his doctoral thesis. Hebb was doing experiments with dogs who had not been normally socialized and Melzack became interested in their unusual response to pain when they would stick their nose in a flame repeatedly. Melzack completed his post-doc at the University of Oregon.

Career
After studying for his Ph.D. in 1954 with Hebb at McGill University in Montreal, he began to work with patients who suffered from "phantom limb" pain — people who feel pain in an arm or leg that has been removed. He found that pain often has little survival value, and some pains are entirely out of proportion to the degree of tissue damage, sometimes continuing long after injured tissues have healed. While still a postdoctoral student, Melzack began collecting "pain words" and putting them into classes that belonged together, like "hot," "burning," "scalding," and "searing".

In 1975, this pursuit led to the development of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, now used in pain clinics and cancer hospices around the world. Melzack spent time at the University College of London, and the University of Pisa in Italy. He eventually became a faculty member at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where he met Dr. Patrick Wall. The two shared similar thoughts and ideas surrounding the phenomenon of pain. Melzack and Wall noticed that some individuals felt immense pain when damage to the body was minimal, and some people with traumatic injuries experienced little or no pain until a later time.

In 1965 at MIT, Melzack and Wall developed the gate control theory of pain which states that pain is "gated" or modulated by past experience. Gate control theory led to the valuable discovery of endorphins and enkephalins, the body's natural opiates. He is also noted for work on stress-induced analgesia, phantom-limb pain and the theory of neuromatrix. He proposes that we are born with a genetically determined neural network that generates the perception of the body, the sense of self, and can also generate chronic pain, even when no limbs are present.

Melzack's recent research at McGill indicates that there are two types of pain, transmitted by two separate sets of pain-signaling pathways in the central nervous system. Sudden, short-term pain, such as the pain of cutting a finger, is transmitted by a group of pathways that Melzack calls the "lateral" system, because they pass through the brain stem on one side of its central core. Prolonged pain, on the other hand, such as chronic back pain, is transmitted by the "medial" system, whose neurons pass through the central core of the brain stem.

In 1974, Melzack co-founded the first pain clinic in Canada at the Montreal General Hospital with Dr. Joseph Stratford (then Chief of Neurosurgery at the hospital and who was the medical director of the pain clinic). Melzack served as Research Director from 1974 to 2000.  The clinic became part of the McGill University Health Centre which has grown to be one of the best organized centres for pain treatment in the world. Melzack also supervised graduate students at McGill, one of whom —John O'Keefe— would later go on to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2014.

Recognition
Melzack was a founding member of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) and a past president as well as an honorary life member.  Melzack was a Member of the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame. He was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1982), holds two Canadian honorary degrees, and was the first recipient of the E.P. Taylor Chair in Pain Studies at McGill (1986). He is the author of several textbooks on pain, and was co-editor of Handbook of Pain Assessment, 1992. He has also published books of Inuit stories and won the Canada Council Molson Prize in 1985.

He received the Prix du Québec for research in pure and applied science (1994), recognizing him as a laureate of the highest honor for a scientist in his home province. In 1995, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2000, he was made an Officer of the National Order of Quebec. Melzack has been honoured with a Killam Prize (2001). On April 29, 2009, he was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame, in recognition of his "outstanding contributions to medical science and the improved health and well-being of people everywhere." Melzack was the recipient of the 2010 University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award in psychology for his studies and explanation of experiencing pain. The International Association for the study of pain created the Ronald Melzack Lecture Award in 2010, in recognition of Melzack's exceptional contributions to the field of pain research. In 2011, he wrote the foreword of a Ronald Melzack special issue about the influence of the Melzack's works on
understanding of pain and daily practice. Melzack's published articles include; Pain mechanisms: A new theory, published in Science magazine in November 1965, The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods published in the journal Pain, in 1975, and re-published by Melzack in the Journal Anesthesiology, in 2005 and Pain and the neuromatrix in the brain, published in the Journal of Dental Education, in 2001.

References

Sources
The original version of this article was based on an article  from science.ca.
Great Canadian Psychology Website - Ronald Melzack Biography

1929 births
2019 deaths
Canadian psychologists
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Officers of the National Order of Quebec
Officers of the Order of Canada
McGill University alumni
Academic staff of McGill University
People from Montreal

Ronald Melzack


Rosemary Byrne (* 1948 in Irvine) ist eine schottische Politikerin, Mitglied der Partei Solidarity und ehemaliges Mitglied der Scottish Socialist Party (SSP).

Leben
Byrne besuchte die Irvine Royal Academy und das Craigie College in Ayr. Sie schloss mit einem pädagogischen Diplom ab und arbeitete dann als Lehrerin in North Ayrshire. Byrne ist verheiratet und Mitglied des Educational Institute of Scotland.

Politischer Werdegang
Bei den ersten Schottischen Parlamentswahlen im Jahre 1999 trat Byrne für die Scottish Socialist Party an. Sie bewarb sich jedoch nicht um ein Direktmandat eines Wahlkreises, sondern war auf dem ersten Rang der Regionalwahlliste der SSP für die Wahlregion South of Scotland gesetzt. Da die SSP bei diesen Wahlen nur rund 1 % der Stimmen in der Wahlregion erhielten, konnten sie keinen Kandidaten in das neugeschaffene Schottische Parlament entsenden. Auf britischer Ebene bewarb sie sich bei den Unterhauswahlen 2001 um das Direktmandat des Wahlkreises Cunninghame South, verpasste mit einem Stimmenanteil von 4,3 % den Einzug in das Britische Unterhaus deutlich. Bei den Parlamentswahlen 2003 erhielt Byrne mit 11,8 % den drittgrößten Stimmenanteil in ihrem Wahlkreis Cunninghame South. Da sie jedoch auch auf dem ersten Rang der Regionalwahlliste der SSP für South of Scotland gelistet war, erhielt sie infolge des Wahlergebnisses ein Listenmandat und zog erstmals in das Schottische Parlament ein. Zusammen mit weiteren Mitglieder der SSP verließ Byrne im Jahre 2006 die Partei und wurde Gründungsmitglied der neuen Partei Solidarity. Zusammen mit Tommy Sheridan wurde sie zur Parteichefin gewählt. Bei den folgenden Parlamentswahlen 2007 führte Byrne die Wahlliste von Solidarity in der Wahlregion an. Die Partei errang jedoch keines der Mandate und Byrne schied aus dem Parlament aus.

Weblinks
 Informationen auf den Seiten des Schottischen Parlaments

Einzelnachweise

Abgeordneter im Schottischen Parlament
Mitglied der Scottish Socialist Party
Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Person (Irvine, North Ayrshire)
Geboren 1948
Schotte
Brite
Frau

Rosemary Byrne


17637 Blaschke este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
17637 Blaschke este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Prescott (Arizona) de Paul G. Comba. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,38 ua, o excentricitate de 0,14 și o înclinație de 7,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 17001-18000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Familia  Vesta

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1996
Centura de asteroizi

17637 Blaschke


Rio de Janeiro, bulunduğu eyaletin başkenti ve Brezilya'nın en büyük ikinci kentidir.

Rio de Janeiro (Türkçe: Ocak Irmağı), (Portekizce telaffuzu: [ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu]). Şehrin tam adı: São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro (Saint Sebastian'ın Ocak Irmağı) şeklindedir. São Paulo'dan sonra, Brezilya'nın ikinci büyük şehridir. Maracanã Stadyumu ve Kurtarıcı İsa heykeli burada bulunmaktadır. Rio de Janeiro, 2016 Yaz Olimpiyatları ve 2012 Dünya Gençlik Kongresi'ne ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Dünyanın en büyük karnavalı olan 'Rio Karnavalı' bu şehirde düzenlenmektedir. Günümüzde samba dansıyla kutlanmasına rağmen ilk olarak 1840 yılında polka ve vals dansı yapılarak kutlanmıştır.

Tarihi
Pedro Álvares Cabral'ın filosundaki bir geminin kaptanı olan Gaspar de Lemos komutasındaki Portekizli gezginciler 1 Ocak 1502'de Guanabara Körfezi'ne ayak basan ilk Avrupalılar oldu. Bu tarihten sonra bu körfeze Rio de Janeiro denildi. Bir iddiaya göre, Floransalı kâşif Amerigo Vespucci de bu seyahate Kral Birinci Manuel'in davetiyle katılmıştır. Portekizliler karaya ayak bastığında bu topraklarda Tupi (Amazon halkı), Puri, Botocudo ve Maxakali halkları yaşamaktaydı.

Guanabara Körfezi'nin adalarından biri olan Villegagnon 1555'te Fransız amiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon komutasındaki 500 asker tarafından işgal edildi. Amiral, bu bölgede Fransız kolonisi (France Antarctique) kurmak için çabalamış ve adaya Fort Coligny denilen kaleyi inşa ettirmiştir.

Rio de Janeiro şehri 1 Mart 1565 yılında Aziz Sebastian'a ithafen São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro adıyla kurulmuştur. Aynı zamanda dönemin Portekiz kralı da aziz ile aynı ismi taşımaktaydı. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Körfezi'nin adıydı. 18. yüzyılın başlarına kadar, şehir Fransızlar ve korsanlar tarafından birçok defa saldırıya uğramış ve istila edilmiştir. François Duclerc ve René Duguay-Trouin bu istilacılardan bazılarıdır.

17. yüzyılın sonlarında, Bandeirantes'in komşu eyalet Minas Gerais'te altın ve elmas bulmasıyla  Rio de Janeiro kuzeydoğu kıyılarına çok uzak olan Salvador, Bahia şehrinin yerini alarak ihracat için çok daha işlevsel bir limana dönüşmüştür. (Altın, değerli taş ve şeker ihracatı yapılmaktaydı.) 27 Ocak 1763'de Portekiz Amerikası koloni başkenti Salvador'dan Rio de Janeiro'ya taşınmış ve bu konumunu 1808'e kadar korumuştur. Napolyon'un Portekiz'i istila etmesiyle kraliyet ailesi ve birçok soylu aile Lizbon'dan Rio de Janeiro'ya kaçtı. Bu zamandan sonra şehir krallığın başkenti statüsünü elde etti ve Avrupa dışında bulunan tek  Avrupa başkenti oldu. Ancak, aniden çıkıp gelen yüzlerce asilzadenin yerleşmesi için şehirde uygun hiçbir yapı yoktu. Bu yüzden birçok yerli halk evlerinden çıkarıldı ve bu mülkler soylulara teslim edildi.

Afrika kökenli kölelerin Rio de Janeiro'ya büyük bir akını vardı. 1819'da 145.000 olan köle sayısı 1840'ta 220.000'e ulaşmıştır.

1822'de Prens Pedro Brazilya'nın bağımsızlığını ilan ettiğinde Rio de Janeiro'nun başkent statüsünü sürdürmesine karar verdi. 1889'dan sonra monarşinin yerini cumhuriyete devretmesinden sonra bile Rio başkent olarak kalmaya devam etti.

20. yüzyılın başlarına kadar Rio, tarihi şehir merkezi olarak bilinen Guanabara Körfezi'nin ağız kısmıyla sınırlıydı. Yine bu yüzyılın başlarında şehir merkezi güney ve batı yönlerinde Zone Sul'a (Güney Bölgesi) doğru  kaymaya başladı.  Daha sonra dağların altından geçen ilk tünelin yapımıyla  Botafogo ve bugün Copacabana diye bilinen bölge birbirine bağlandı. 1905'ten sonra Rio'nun tramvay sisteminin yenilenmesi ve elektrikleştirilmesiyle, şehir kuzey güney hattında genişleme imkânı elde etti.

1930'da Botafogo'nun doğal güzelliği, Amerikalıların lüks Capacabana Palas Oteli'nin ünüyle birlikte anılmaya başlandı ve Rio'nun plaj partisi şehri (beach party town) olarak ün yapmasını sağladı. (Günümüzde bu ün gecekondu bölgelerindeki uyuşturucu ticaretinden kaynaklanan şiddet olayları yüzünden bir miktar kırılmıştır.)

Başkenti ülkenin daha merkezi bir bölgesine taşıma planları zaman zaman tartışma konusu olmuştur. 1955'te Juscelino Kubitschek'in yeni bir başkent inşa etme vaadi devlet başkanı seçilmesinde etkili oldu. Birçok kişinin bunu sadece seçimi kazanmak için öne atılan bir söz olduğunu düşünmesine rağmen, Kubitschek büyük bir masrafla yeni başkent Brazilya'yı 1960'ta inşa ettirdi. Aynı yıl, 21 Nisan'da Brezilya'nın başkenti resmi olarak Brazilya'ya (Brasilia) taşındı.

1960 ve 1975 tarihleri arasında  Rio, Guanabara Eyalet'i adı altında bir şehir devletiydi (city-state). Ancak yönetimsel ve politik nedenlerle, ''The Fusion'' olarak bilinen başkanlık kararnamesiyle şehrin federal yapısı ortadan kaldırıldı  ve şehri çevreleyen ve başkenti Niteroi olan Rio de Janeiro Eyaleti (State of Rio de Janeiro) ile 1975'te birleştirildi. Bugün bile Rio'nun eskide kalan şehirsel özerkliğini savunanlar vardır.

Şehir 2007 Panamerikan Oyunları'na ve 2014 FIFA Dünya Kupası'na ev sahipliği yapmıştır. 2 Ekim 2009'da Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi Rio de Janeiro'nun 2016 Olimpiyat Oyunları ve Paralimpik Oyunları'na ev sahipliği yapacağını duyurdu. Rio, diğer finalist şehirler Chicago, Tokyo ve Madrid'in arasından seçildi ve böylelikle şehir Olimpik oyunlara ev sahipliği yapan ilk Güney Amerika şehri ve ikinci Latin Amerika şehri konumuna erişti. Ayrıca şehir Brazilya'da ilk olarak 2013'te Dünya Gençlik Günü'ne ev sahipliği yaptı.

Şehirsel Problemler
Zengin ve fakir arasındaki ciddi eşitsizlik, sosyo ekonomik grupların çoğunlukla şehrin farklı bölgelerinde yaşamalarına sebep olmuştur. Rio dünyanın başlıca metropolleri arasında anılmasına rağmen, nüfusun oldukça büyük bir bölümü favelas denilen kenar mahallelerde yaşamaktadır. Bu gecekondu mahallelerinde yaşayan halkın %95'i yoksulluk çekmektedir ve bu oran Rio popülasyonunun %40'ına denk gelmektedir. Hükümet birtakım konut projeleriyle bu yoksul bölge halkının yaşam koşullarını düzeltmeyi, buradaki yaşamı şehrin diğer kesimleriyle birleştirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu kopukluğun giderilmesi kaynakların daha etkili kullanılabilmesi için de önem arz etmektedir.

Rio'nun koordinatları 22° 54' güney, 43° 14' batıdır. Rio de Janerio'nun kent nüfusu 6.136.652'dur. Alanı ise 1.182,3 kilometrekaredir.

İklim
Ekvatoral iklimin görüldüğü Brezilya'da, Rio tropikal iklime sahiptir. Rio de Janerio'da görülen en yüksek sıcaklık 43,2 °C'dir (110 °F). Ocak 1984'te görülmüştür.

Kardeş şehirler

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Rio de Janeiro Resimleri

Rio de Janeiro


An Ophrys lievreae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni René Charles Maire. An Ophrys lievreae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ophrys, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ophrys

Ophrys lievreae


El castillo de Tamarit, de estilo románico, está situado sobre un promontorio a orillas del mar Mediterráneo en el término municipal de Tarragona (España). Está rodeado del antiguo núcleo medieval de Tamarit, que formaba una pequeña aldea en torno al castillo del que queda muy poco. La muralla se abría por cuatro puertas, de las cuales se conservan dos, la de la Mora y la de la Cruz.

Es Bien de Interés Cultural desde 1988.

Historia
La construcción del castillo data del  y pertenecía al condado de Barcelona y fue transferido a la  Casa de Claramunt, señores del Castillo de Claramunt que mantuvieron esta señoría hasta el . Los señores de Claramunt, concretamente Bernardo Amat de Claramunt, fue el primer  vizconde de Tarragona, señor de Tamarit (que reconquistó), Ullastret, Altafulla y de la Riera de Gaia. Todos ellos títulos y señoríos otorgados por Ramón Berenguer I, conde de Barcelona.

En el , época en la que se construyó la muralla, pasó a manos del arzobispado de Tarragona, que conservó hasta el , aunque en el  tuvo que compartir el señorío con la familia Montserrat, cuando en 1681 Carlos II concede a Francisco de Montserrat el título de primer marqués de Tamarit. Fue gobernador de Tarragona, señor de Montoliu y de la baronía de Altafulla. En esta época se reconstruyó la muralla y se construyó la torre principal logrando la estructura actual. En 1916, el arzobispo de Tarragona vendió el lugar al magnate norteamericano Charles Deering, que hizo una restauración de tipo romántico a cargo de Ramón Casas y Joan Ruiz. Se conservan elementos románicos y góticos.  En 1992, los Deering (que poseen un museo en Miami) vendieron la propiedad a la catalana Sociedad Inmobiliaria Betren, S.A.

Durante la Guerra Civil, una banda de la FAI pretendió quemar la iglesia y su espléndido retablo barroco, como hicieron con la de Altafulla y muchas otras, pero alguien les alertó de que el propietario era el norteamericano Charles Deering, mecenas de Ramón Casas y Santiago Rusiñol, además de fundador en 1910 del Museo Maricel, en Sitges. Con esto, la brigada anarquista desistió de su incendiario propósito.

El castillo se halla en la cuenca del Gaià, donde durante la Reconquista se levantó una cuarentena de fortificaciones y castillos (el más antiguo el de Santa Coloma de Queralt, del ).  El de Tamarit tenía por función defender la costa de piratas berberiscos y otomanos.  En el , sus propietarios elevaron la muralla que rodea la fortificación y la antigua villa.  Además de la  iglesia y su notable retablo, el castillo conserva una importante colección de muebles antiguos.  La Sociedad Inmobiliaria Betren lo utiliza para conciertos y bodas.

Véase también
 Anexo:Bienes de interés cultural de la provincia de Tarragona
 Anexo:Castillos de España

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página web oficial

Edificios y estructuras de Tarragona
Tamarit
Castillos de Cataluña del siglo XI

Castillo de Tamarit


චුම්බක තරු එසේත් නැත්නම් මැග්නටාර () යනු අතිශය බලවත් චුම්බක ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් (~109 සිට 1011 T, ~1013 සිට 1015 G) සහිත න්‍යුට්‍රෝන තරු වර්ගයකි. චුම්බක ක්ෂේත්‍ර ක්ෂයවීම හේතු කොට ගෙන, විශේෂයෙන්ම X-කිරණ සහ ගැමා කිරිණ වැනි ඉහළ-ශක්ති සහිත විද්‍යුත් චුම්බක විකිරණ විමෝචනය සිදුවෙයි.

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 කළු කුහර
 විද්‍යුත් චුම්බක ස්පන්දන
 න්‍යුට්‍රෝන තරු
 මෘදු ගැමා පුනරාවර්තක
 ස්පන්දන තරු

මූලාශ්‍ර
උපහරණ

පොත්

භාහිර සබැඳි

 McGill Online Magnetar Catalog McGill Online Magnetar Catalog -- Main Table

Star types

Stellar phenomena

චුම්බක තරු


Sarılar, Antalya ilinin Kaş ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Antalya iline 174 km., Kaş ilçesine 17 km. uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Kaş'ın mahalleleri

Sarılar, Kaş


Uggiate-Trevano ist eine norditalienische Gemeinde (comune) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Provinz Como in der Lombardei.

Geographie
Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 10 Kilometer westnordwestlich von Como unmittelbar an der Grenze zur Schweiz und umfasst die Fraktionen Canova, Romazzana, Trevano und Mulini. Im Gemeindegebiet entspringt die Lura, die östliche Gemeindegrenze bildet die Faloppia.

Die Nachbargemeinden sind am Norden Novazzano (CH-TI), am Osten Colverde, am Süden Albiolo, am Westen Bizzarone, Faloppio, Ronago und Valmorea.

Geschichte
748 und 852 werden die Dörfer Uggiate (als Oglate) und Trevano (als Trebano) erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Vom Alter der Gemeinde zeugt auch noch die romanische Apsis der Kirche San Michele in Trevano.

Gemeindepartnerschaften
  Adelsdorf, Bayern (Mittelfranken)

Istituzionen, Vereinigungen
 Servizio acquedotto
 Piattaforma ecologica
 Casa di riposo
 Centro Disabili
 Centro di ascolto e di aiuto
 Associazioni

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Pfarrkirche Santi Pietro e Paolo (18. Jahrhundert)
 Kirche San Giuseppe (1688) in der Fraktion Somazzo
 Kirche San Michele (1541)
 Palazzo Parravicini (16. Jahrhundert)
 Cascina Canova (14. Jahrhundert)
 Zollübergang Pignora
 Park Sorgenti del Lura

Literatur
 Anna Ferrari-Bravo, Paola Colombini: Guida d'Italia. Lombardia (esclusa Milano). Milano 1987, S. 270.
 Lombardia – Touring club italiano, Touring Editore (1999), ISBN 88-365-1325-5, Uggiate Online

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in der Lombardei

Uggiate-Trevano