Celina Maria de Souza Motta (Bahia, 1948) é uma cientista política e professora universitária brasileira especializada na área de políticas públicas e federalismo.

Durante a década de 2010, ela foi vencedora do Prêmio Anpocs de Excelência Acadêmica na área de Ciência Política.

Biografia
Tendo ingressado na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal da Bahia no final da década de 1960, ela graduou-se em Direito pela Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) em 1971, mestre em Administração Pública pela Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV-SP) em 1981.

Celina Souza concluiu seu doutorado em Ciência Política pela London School of Economics após defender em 1995 a tese "Constitutional Change in Brazil: Political and Financial Decentralisation, 1981-1991", que deu origem ao livro "Constitutional Engineering in Brazil: The Politics of Federalism and Decentralization" publicado nos EUA pela editora Macmillan Publishers.

Desde 1986, ela é professora da Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal da Bahia, onde leciona disciplinas associadas com a Administração Pública. Logo depois ela ingressou no Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Humanidades da UFBA (CRH-UFBA) onde criou o grupo de pesquisa "Instituições Políticas Nacionais" para estudar as políticas públicas nacionais e as instituições responsáveis pela sua criação e execução.

Em 2007, ela foi agraciada com a posição acadêmica Distinguished International Scholar na University of Pennsylvania (Estados Unidos da América).

Em 2017, ela foi uma das poucas cientistas escolhidas para representar o Brasil na Comissão de Jurados da 7ª edição do Prémio Guillermo O'Donnell, um concurso de teses doutorais conferido pela Asociación Latinoamericana de Ciencia Politica (ALACIP).

Pensamento
Celina Souza tem se destacado no desenvolvimento de pesquisas na área de ciência política e do campo da gestão de políticas públicas abordando temas como federalismo, federalismo fiscal, governos subnacionais e descentralização.

Descentralização das políticas públicas
Celina Souza estudou o papel das entidades subnacionais (estados, distrito federal e municípios) brasileiras na elaboração e execução de políticas públicas em sua tese de doutorado que virou um livro publicado em 1997. Nesta obra acadêmica, ela analisa criticamente o papel da Assembléia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) brasileira, que funcionou entre 1987 a 1988, na forma como o poder constituinte originário estruturou a descentralização das políticas públicas na Constituição brasileira de 1988, reforçando o peculiar federalismo tríplice que caracteriza a engenharia constitucional do Brasil.

Sobre essa questão, ela defende que, durante o processo de elaboração da pela ANC dos anos 1980, os municípios acabaram sendo os grandes beneficiados pela maneira como acabou sendo estruturado o pacto federativo na Constituição brasileira de 1988, especialmente na forma como foram distribuídas as competências federativas, a autonomia municipal, a tributação e as relações interfederativas entre o Governo Central (a União) e os entes locais (os municípios).

De acordo com o pensamento de Celina Souza, a relação direta entre o governo federal e os entes municipais possibilitada pela maneira como a Constituição de 1988 estabeleceu a descentralização das políticas sociais teria limitado o papel político e decisório dos governos estaduais, o que prejudicou a estruturação de sua burocracia.

Em razão da maneira como foi institucionalizada essa descentralização política, ela defende que o federalismo brasileiro seria um "peripheralized federalism", ou seja, um sistema federal periferalizado em que os interesses subnacionais prevaleceriam sobre o interesse federal. Analisando a obra de Celina Souza, a cientista política brasileira Maria Tereza Sadek argumenta que ela expõe que diante: "da inevitável tensão entre os interesses nacionais e subnacionais com a prevalência destes últimos, sem que os nacionais se emudeçam foi gerado um federalismo de todo singular".

Orçamento participativo
Em relação ao orçamento participativo, Celina Souza é conhecida internacionalmente como uma das cientistas políticas que defendem esse mecanismo de participação democrática aplicado às finanças públicas. Sobre esse mecanismo, ela entende que o principal mérito do orçamento participativo consiste na produção de impacto de longo prazo na inclusão de comunidades marginalizadas no processo de tomada de decisões em países caracterizados por grande desigualdade social, permitindo-lhe que elas possam ter o direito de decidir, e não somente terem suas reivindicações ouvidas pelas autoridades.

Capacidade burocrática
Celina Souza entende que a capacidade burocrática como a aptidão que os servidores públicos possuem para participar da formulação e execução de políticas públicas, sendo um elemento de eficiência administrativa. A mensuração desta capacidade poderia ser efetuada por diversas variáveis: tipo de formação, faixa salarial, quantos servidores são demitidos ou porque não vão trabalhar, ou por casos de corrupção.

Todavia, um dos problemas identificados por ela entrevista dada em 2015 é que no Brasil esses dados somente estavam  completos na esfera federal, uma realidade rara para o cenário mundial, o que auxiliaria no estudo empírico realizado pelos cientistas políticos. Contudo, ela ainda seria deficiente tanto nos Estados, quanto nos municípios. Portanto, a avaliação da eficiência administrativa baseada em evidências passaria por analisar as informações organizadas por uma gestão pública, de modo que fosse montado um banco de dados e, então, observado os indicadores pertinentes para a mensuração do desempenho estatal.

Consequentemente, essa avaliação de eficiência administrativa jamais poderia ser feita por meio de uma postura anedótica baseada no impressionismo emocional fruto de um mal atendimento, situação resumida na frase: "porque eu fui mal atendido não sei aonde, então a burocracia é ruim...", mas sim pelos indicadores da execução de uma política pública.

Premiações
Em 2015, durante o 39º Encontro Anual da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais (ANPOCS), instituição científica que reúne mais de uma centena de centros brasileiros de pós-graduação e de pesquisa nas áreas de antropologia, ciência política, relações internacionais e sociologia, Celina Souza foi premiada com a Prêmio Anpocs de Excelência Acadêmica Gildo Marçal Brandão na categoria "Ciência Política" em conjunto com o cientista político Gláucio Ary Dillon Soares.

Obras

Livros
Os principais livros publicados por Celina Souza foram:
 Metropolização Brasileira: Uma análise dos Anos Setenta (1985)
 Constitutional Engineering in Brazil: The Politics of Federalism and Decentralization (1997)
  Coordenação de Políticas Públicas (2018)

Artigos
Os principais artigos científicos e ensaios acadêmicos publicados por Celina Souza foram:
 Política Urbana e Participação Popular. Revista Brasileira de Administração Pública, v. 23, n. 4, 1989.
 Redemocratization and Decentralization in Democratic Brazil. Local Government Studies, v. 20, n.4, 1994.
 Federalismo e Descentralização na Constituição de 1988: Processo Decisório, Conflitos e Alianças. Dados (Rio de Janeiro), v. 44, n.3, 2001.
 Instituições políticas estaduais em um contexto federativo: coalizões eleitorais e ajuste fiscal. In: Celina Souza; Paulo Fábio Dantas Neto (Org.). Governo, políticas públicas e elites políticas nos estados brasileiros. Rio de Janeiro: Revan, 2006.
 Orçamento Participativo: Análise das Experiências de Porto Alegre e Belo Horizonte. In: Christina Andrews; Edison Bariani. (Org.). Administração Pública no Brasil: Breve História Política. São Paulo: Unifesp, 2010.
 Breaking the Boundary: Pro-poor Policies and Electoral Outcomes in Brazilian Sub-national Governments. Regional & Federal Studies, v. 25, p. 347-363, 2015.
 Coordenação, uniformidade e autonomia na formulação de políticas públicas: experiências federativas no cenário internacional e nacional. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, v. 35, 2019.
 Federalismo e governos multiníveis. In: Renato Perissinoto et al. (Org.). Política comparada: teoria e método. Rio de Janeiro: EDUERJ, 2022.

Ligações Externas
 Ligação para o Currículo na Plataforma Lattes e resumo currícular no sítio da UFBA

Cientistas políticos do Brasil
Professores da Universidade Federal da Bahia
Alunos da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal da Bahia
Alunos da London School of Economics

Celina Souza


BT Serisi Tanklar. Rusça (Быстроходный танк, Bystrokhodny Tank) (Türkçesi → Hızlı tank) anlamına gelen BT serisi tanklar SSCB tarafından 1932 ve 1941 yılları arasınca büyük adetlerde üretilen süvari tank sınıfıda diyebileceğimiz hafif sınıf bir tanktı.  Hafif olmalarına rağmen iyi silahlandırılmış bu model, sınıfı tanklar içerisinde en iyi hareket özelliğine sahip araçtı. Kızıl Ordu içerisinde kısaca Betka, daha küçük modelleri ise Betuşka olarak bilinirdi.

Görüntüsü
BT tankı dönüştürülebilir tank modelindeydi. 1930'lu yıllarda tasarımcısı J. Walter Christie paletleri çıkartılabilen bir tank üzerinde çalışmaya başladı. Sonunda mürettebatı tarafından 30 dakika içerisinde paletleri tamamen çıkartılıp karayolunda tekerlekleri üzerinde gidebilecek bir tanka dönüşebilen bu model ortaya çıktı. Bu sayede tank arazide olduğu gibi karayolunda da hızlı hareket edebiliyordu. Paletsiz durumda tankı ön tekerlekleri hareket ettiriyordu.

Üretim tarihi

1930 yılında görünüşte Sovyet tarım organizasyonu olarak bilinen AMTORGa  bağlı  OGPU ve GRU haberalma servisi ajanları, New York da bulunan siyasi ve askeri makamları ikna ederek Amerikan yapımı Christie tankına ait plan ve özellikleri ele geçirdi.  En az iki adet Christie M1931 tankı (taretsiz olarak) ABD tarafından sahte belgeler düzenlenerek SSCB ne satıldı. İhracat belgelerde araç "tarım traktörü" olarak gösterildi. İki tankta başarılı bir şekilde  Kharkov Komintern Locomotive Plant  (KhPZ) tesislerine getirildi. Christie tankları Sovyetler tarafından hızlı tank olarak sınıflandırıldı ve kısaca BT adını aldı.  Eldeki plan ve orijinal Christie prototipleri ışığında Ekim 1931 yılında silahsız olarak 3 adet BT-2 tankı 1932 yılında ise seri olarak BT-2 tankları üretilmeye başlandı. Birçok BT-2 bir adet 37 mm top ve bir adet Makineli tüfek  ile üretildi. BT-3 ve sonraki modelleri 45 mm top ile üretildi. Christie M1931 prototipinde bulunan eğimli zırh daha sonra Sovyet tankların içinde tutulan bir tasarım oldu ve ileride yan zırhlarda böyle tasarlandı.

1937, KhPZ fabrikasında bulunan Şef tasarımcı Mikhail I. Koshkin e bağlı yeni tasarım ekibi yeni nesil  BT tanklarını çizdiler.  Ekip  A-20 adında yeni bir model tasarladı. Bunun kopyası olan ancak daha   ağır zırha ve silaha sahip A-32, ileride T-26 piyade tankı ve BT-8 süvari tankının yerini alacaktı.  Tasarımı zaten tartışmalı olan tank için en önemli şüphe, kendisinden daha zırhlı T-34 tankı var iken  Alman Blitzkrieg saldırı tehdidi karşısında ne kadar saldırı ve savunma gücünde olduğuydu.

Üretim adetleri:
 BT-5: 1,884
 BT-7: 5,328
 BT-8: 706

Modelleri

 BT-1 - Christie prototipi
 BT-2 Model 1932 – 37 mm top, M-5 motor (Amerikan Liberty motorunun kopyası) Renkli Çizimi
 BT-5- geniş silindirik taret, 45 mm top, yeni MT Renkli Çizimi
 BT-5 Model 1933 – iki kapaklı yeni taret ve coaxial MT.
 BT-5PKh – suya dalabilen model (prototip).
 BT-5A – topçu destek modeli 76.2 mm obüslü  (az sayıda üretildi).
 BT-5 alev makinesi takılı - (prototip).
 PT-1A – yeni gövdeli amfibik model (az sayıda üretildi).
 BT-7 Model 1935 – gövdesi kaynaklı, yeni tasarım ön gövde, yeni M-17T motor (BMW kopyası), ilave egzoz
 BT-7 Model 1937 – eğimli yeni taret Renkli çizimi
 BT-7TU – komuta modeli, yeni tasarım telsiz antenli
 BT-7A – topçu destek modeli 76.2 mm obüslü
 OP-7 – alez makinesi ile harici yakıt tankları.
 BT-8 (1938, prototipi A-8; Kızıl Ordu adı BT-7M) - yeni V-2 dizel motor, iki DT makineli tüfek: bir tanesi P-40 uçaksavar amaçlı diğeri taretin arkasında.
 BT-42 – Fin taarruz topu, Kızıl Ordu dan ganimet alınan BT-7lere İngiliz 114 mm obüs takılı modeli.
 BT-IS – Prototip ağır eğimli zırha sahip ileride  T-34 modelinde kullanıldı.
 BT-SW-2 Cherepakha (Türkçe "kaplumbağa") – Prototip çok egimli zırha sahip.
 A-20 – Prototip yeni BT tankı, 20 mm zırh, 45mm top, V-2 dizel motor, ve 8×6-tekerleğe dönüşebilen yürüyen aksam.  A-32 denemeleri sırasında durduruldu, ileride  T-34 orta sınıf tank olarak üretildi.
 TTBT-5, TTBT-7 - teletank

Özellikleri

Görev tarihi

BT serisi tanklar II. Dünya Savaşı öncesinde askeri tarih yönünden önemli birkaç çatışmada yer almışlardır. Bu çatışmalardan ilki 1936 yılında İspanya İç Savaşında olmuştur. Uluslararası Tugay safında çatışmalara katılan BT-5 tankları 45 mm.lik ana silahlarıyla Alman ve İspanyol hafif tankları karşısında başarılı sonuçlar elde etmişlerdir.

1939 yılında Moğolistan sınırında Japonya ile Sovyetler arasındaki sınır çatışmalarında General Jukov, BT-5 ve BT-7 tanklarından oluşan tanklarını gruplar halinde ve hızlı manevralarla kullanarak başarılı olmuştur.

"Kış Savaşı" olarak da bilinen Finlandiya savaşında ise BT-2 ve BT-5 tanklarının ince ön zırhları, kayaklı tanksavar unsurlarının etkisiyle yetersiz kalmışlardır.

17 Eylül 1939 da Polonya sınırını geçen Sovyet birliklerindeki BT serisi tanklar, Polonya ordusunun zaten Alman taarruzları sonucunda çökmüş olması nedeniyle fazla zorlanmamışlardır.

1941 de, Barbarossa Harekatının ilk yılında BT serisi tanklar Alman tanklarının kalın ön zırhları ve atış güçleri karşısında büyük kayıplar verdiler. Leningrad yönünde gelişen Alman ilerlemesine karşı sevk edilen bu tanklar başarısız oldular. Özellikle Uman bölgesindeki tank savaşlarında üç Sovyet tank kolordusu, neredeyse tümüyle savaş dışı kalmıştır. Uman Savaşı, Kursk Savaşından sonra tarihin en büyük ikinci tank muharebesi olmuştur.

Kızıl Ordu Alman ordusunun Barbarossa Harekatına başlaması ile  BT serisi tankları T-34 modeli ile yer değiştirmeye başladı.

Kızıl Ordu çok sayıdaki BT tankını 1945 yılındaki Mançurya topraklarındaki Ağustos Fırtınası Harekatı sırasında Japonya ordusuna karşı kullandı. Bu BT serisi tankların savaştaki son görevi olmuştur.

Teknik efsanesi

Kızıl Ordu nun sahip olduğu BT serisi 'süvari sınıfı' tanklar savaş öncesi dönemde kendi sınıfı tank tasarımları  içerisinde hareket kabiliyeti bakımından en iyi araçtı. Bu sebepten ötürü birçok deneme modeli üzerinde çalışılan bu tanklar  Kharkov, Ukraynada bulunan  KhPZ fabrikasında üretildi.

Bu gün bir efsane olan T-34 tankı BT tankının geliştirilmiş bir modeliydi. T-34 tankında görülen birçok yenilik aslında BT serisinde elde edilen tecrübelerle sağlanmıştı. Aralarındaki nesil bağı inkâr edilemezdi. Tasarım süresi boyunca önemli teknik buluşlarda yapıldı. Özellikle BT-IS ve BT-SW-2 serisi deneme modellerinde ağır ve eğimli zırh bulundu. Bu buluş ileride T-34 üzerinde kullanıldı.

BT ler ayrıca istihkam araçları ve yürüyen aksamlar içinde deneme aracı oldu. Köprü döşeme modelinin T-38 tareti bulunuyordu. Standard tanklara üzerine çalı demeti monte ediliyordu. RBT-5 modelinde taretin sağında ve solunda iki adet roket rampası bulunuyordu. Birkaç modelinde çok dar paletler hatta ahşap kayak takımları kullanıldı.

KBT-7 modeli ise gelişmiş zırhlı komuta tankı olarak geliştirildi. Ancak üretimine geçilmeden II. Dünya Savaşı sona erdi.

1936 yılında Kiev Manevraları sırasında askeri gözlemcilere yüzlerce  BT tankının geçişi gösterilmiştir. Daha sonra ülkelerine dönen İngiliz Ordu gözlemcileri, İngilizlere ait tanklardada aynı süspansiyon sisteminin kullanılmasını istedi. Sonuçta BT tankında kullanılandan türetilen Christie süspansiyonuda İngilizlere ait  A-13, Crusader,ve Cromwell tanklarına takıldı. İlginç olarak İngiliz Matilda takının gövde ön zırhıda BT tankına çok benzemektedir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 II. Dünya Savaşı Zırhlı Araç Listesi

Kaynakça
 Whittaker  Chambers ISBN 0-89526-789-6
 Viktor Suvorov  ISBN 0-241-12622-3
 Steven J.  Zaloga  ISBN 0-85368-606-8

Dış bağlantılar

 Tank development index
 BT tank ve modelleri

II. Dünya Savaşı'nda Sovyetler Birliği'nin tankları

BT tankı


Liza "Lizzy" Gardiner (* 1966 in Dubbo, New South Wales) ist eine australische Kostümbildnerin, die neben einem Oscar für das beste Kostümdesign mehrere weitere Filmpreise gewann. Aufsehen erregte sie mit dem Kleid, das sie bei der Oscarverleihung 1995 trug: Dieses war von ihr selbst aus mehreren hundert, auf ihren Namen ausgestellte goldene American Express–Kreditkarten gefertigt und wurde im März 1999 für 12.650 US-Dollar bei einer Auktion zu Gunsten der American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR) versteigert.

Leben
Lizzy Gardiner begann ihre Karriere als Kostümbildnerin in der Filmwirtschaft 1987 bei dem Film Jilted und wirkte bis heute bei der Kostümausstattung von rund zwanzig Filmen mit.

Für die Kostüme in der Tragikomödie Priscilla – Königin der Wüste (1994) von Stephan Elliott mit Terence Stamp, Hugh Weaving und Guy Pearce gewann sie zusammen mit Tim Chappel 1995 sowohl den Oscar für die besten Kostüme, den Preis für die besten Kostüme des Australian Film Institute (AFI Award) als auch den British Academy Film Award für die besten Kostüme. In dem Film spielte sie darüber hinaus eine Nebenrolle als Hotelangestellte. Aufsehen erregte sie mit dem Kleid, das sie bei der Oscarverleihung 1995 trug: Dieses war von ihr selbst aus mehreren hundert, auf ihren Namen ausgestellte goldene American Express-Kreditkarten gefertigt und wurde im März 1999 für 12.650 US-Dollar bei einer Auktion zu Gunsten der American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR) versteigert.

Zuletzt erhielt sie 2001 beim New York International Independent Film and Video Festival den Feature Film Award für das beste Kostümdesign, und zwar für Zeit der Grausamkeit (1998) von Roberta Hanley mit Julie Cox, Sammi Davis und Emily Lloyd.

Lizzy Gardiner und Tim Chappel entwarfen auch die Kostüme für das nach dem Film Priscilla – Königin der Wüste 2006 entstandene Musical Priscilla – The Musical und gewannen hierfür unter anderem 2011 den Tony Award für die besten Kostüme in einem Musical.

Im Jahr 2022 wurde sie in die Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) berufen, die alljährlich die Oscars vergibt.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1987: Jilted
 1990: Ein Wochenende mit Kate (Weekend with Kate)
 1994: Priscilla – Königin der Wüste (The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert)
 1996: Bound – Gefesselt (Bound)
 2000: Mission: Impossible II
 2005: The Great Raid – Tag der Befreiung (The Great Raid)
 2007: Ghost Rider
 2011: A Few Best Men

Auszeichnungen
 1995: Oscar für die besten Kostüme
 1995: AFI Award für die besten Kostüme
 1995: BAFTA Film Award für die besten Kostüme
 2001: Feature Film Award für das beste Kostümdesign
 2011: Tony Award für die besten Kostüme in einem Musical

Weblinks

 Biografie auf der Homepage von Priscilla – The Musical
 Lizzy Gardiner, costume designer. In: The Australian (5. September 2008)

Einzelnachweise

Kostümbildner
Oscarpreisträger
Träger des Tony Award
Australier
Geboren 1966
Frau
Person (Dubbo)

Lizzy Gardiner


Talles Rodrigues é um jornalista e quadrinista brasileiro, nascido no bairro José Walter, em Fortaleza.

Biografia

Sua primeira publicação foi o romance gráfico jornalístico Pânico no José Walter: o Maníaco que Seviciava Mulheres. Desenvolvido a partir de seu Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso da graduação em Jornalismo, a HQ investiga um caso verídico que ocorreu em Fortaleza: Entre 1985 e 1987, Francisco Evandro Oliveira da Silva invadia casas no bairro José Walter e cortava as nádegas de mulheres com um estilete, o que fez com que ganhasse o apelido de "Cortabundas". O livro foi publicado inicialmente de forma independente e depois teve uma segunda edição pela editora Draco com o nome de Cortabundas: o Maníaco do José Walter.

Em 2014, Rodrigues se juntou ao roteirista Pablo Casado para publicarem de forma independente o primeiro volume da série Mayara & Annabelle. A HQ conta a história de duas funcionárias públicas da fictícia Secretaria de Atividades Fora do Comum (SECAFC). Mayara é uma ninja de São Paulo que foi transferida para a SECAFC do Ceará após ter investigado algo que não devia. No novo Estado, conhece Annabelle, assessora técnica em magia que não fica feliz em receber uma nova "colega de trabalho".

A série se tornou um fenômeno do mercado de quadrinhos independentes brasileiros, com cinco volumes lançados através de financiamento coletivo, além de ter sido publicado nos Estados Unidos pela editora Behemoth Comics, ganho um jogo para celular e ter tido uma edição definitiva lançada em 2021 pela Conrad Editora. Em 2020, foi publicada uma edição especial intitulada Mayara & Annabelle: Hora Extra, que contou com artistas convidados e uma seção de cartas para que os leitores pudessem tirar dúvidas sobre a história.

Em 2019, Rodrigues lançou o romance gráfico Anamnese, com roteiro de Márcio Moreira. O livro foi o primeiro volume da coleção Estalos, iniciativa editorial voltada à produção de quadrinhos independentes organizada pela gibiteria Reboot Comics Store, de Fortaleza. Em 2021, o artista também foi responsável pela direção de arte e ilustrações do quarto episódio da websérie A Importância do Quadrinho Nacional, realizada pela Social Comics. Com o título "Muito Além do Arco-Íris", o episódio abordou a representatividade LGBTQI+ no universo dos quadrinhos.

Prêmios e indicações

Em 2016, Talles Rodrigues ganhou o Prêmio Al Rio de revelação. Em 2021, recebeu o Troféu HQ Mix de melhor publicação independente edição única por Mayara & Annabelle: Hora Extra. Ele também já fora indicado ao HQ Mix anteriormente por outros volumes da série.

Ligações externas

Autores de banda desenhada do Brasil
Homens ganhadores do Troféu HQ Mix
Naturais de Fortaleza

Talles Rodrigues


James Abram Garfield (19 Kasım 1831 - 19 Eylül 1881), 20. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri başkanıdır.

Suikast

Suikastle öldürüldükten sonra yapılan otopside anlaşıldı ki, James A. Garfield'a isabet eden kurşun hayati bir bölgede değildi. Ancak ona ilk müdahale eden doktor olan Willard Bliss, açılan yaraya elini hem de yıkamadan sokmuş, eli ile müdahale eden bir başka doktor karaciğerini delmiştir. İlk başta 6 cm olan yara, yarım metrelik bir kanala döndüğünden James Abram Garfield yaşamını yitirmiştir.

Kaynakça

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1831 doğumlular
Cuyahoga County doğumlular
1881 yılında ölenler
19. yüzyıl Amerikalı siyasetçileri
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri devlet başkanları
Amerikalı generaller
Ohio'nun ABD Temsilciler Meclisi üyeleri
İngiliz asıllı Amerikalılar
Galler asıllı Amerikalılar
Williams College'da öğrenim görenler
Suikast sonucu ölen devlet başkanları
Suikast sonucu ölen Amerikalı siyasetçiler
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde zatürreden ölenler
Sepsisten ölenler
Ohio'da defnedilenler
Amerikalı siyasetçiler

James A. Garfield


O Conselho Estadual de Educação da Bahia (CEE) é um órgão colegiado integrante da estrutura administrativa da Secretaria Estadual de Educação (SEC) da Bahia. Foi criado pela Lei Provincial n. 172 de 25 de Maio de 1842, originalmente como Conselho de Instrução Pública, e atualmente se encontra regulamentado pela Lei estadual nº 7.308, de 02 de fevereiro de 1998, o qual reorganizou o Conselho Estadual de Educação da Bahia.

Finalidade e atribuições
O CEE é órgão colegiado que possui atribuições deliberativas e fiscalizatórias que busca oportunizar a participação social e cidadã na gestão das instituições públicas de educação na Bahia. Ele possui como finalidade a disciplina das atividades do ensino público e privado no estado da Bahia, assumindo as funções normativas, deliberativas, fiscalizadoras e consultivas. Ademais, o CEE-BA também credencia instituições educacionais, autoriza o funcionamento de cursos, reconhece cursos superiores oferecidos pelas universidades estaduais (UNEB, UEFS, UESC e UESB), viabiliza a regularização da vida escolar, apura denúncias envolvendo os estabelecimentos de ensino e fornece orientações, dentre outras atividades.

Composição
O CEE é um órgão colegiado que integra formalmente a estrutura governamental da administração direta, como é a característica de todos os órgãos colegiados, porém que possui uma composição paritária é mista, sendo formado por 24 conselheiros, os quais são eleitos pelos segmentos sociais representados ou nomeados pelos representantes de entidades governamentais.

Órgãos fraccionários
O CEE se subdivide nas seguintes câmaras e comissões que compõem os órgãos fraccionários do colegiado:
 Câmara de Educação Básica;
 Câmara de Educação Profissional;
 Câmara de Educação Superior;
 Comissão de Avaliação;
 Comissão de Direito Educacional;
 Comissão de Jovens e Adultos.

Administração
A Administração atual do CEE é composta pelos seguintes integrantes:
 Presidente: Paulo Gabriel S. Nacif;
 Vice-presidente: Roberto Gondim Pires.

Ver também
 Secretaria da Educação do Estado da Bahia

Ligações externas

Instituições governamentais de educação do Brasil
Educação no Brasil
Educação na Bahia

Conselho Estadual de Educação da Bahia


CARNET (Croatian Academic and Research Network, ) is the national research and education network of Croatia. It is funded from the government budget and it operates from offices in Zagreb and five other cities.

CARNET was established in 1991 as a project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Croatia. In March 1995 the Government of the Republic of Croatia passed the Decree on founding of the CARNET institution with the purpose of facilitating progress of individuals, as well as of the society as a whole, through the use of new information technologies.

CARNET's activities can be divided in three basic areas: Internet service provision, encouragement of information society development and education for the new era.

History

The institution
A body responsible for coordinating the establishment of the Croatian educational computer network has been established on 3 October 1991. That was the beginning of the work of the Croatian Academic and Research Network - CARNET, the first Internet Service Provider (ISP) in Croatia. In the several years that followed CARNET was the only Internet service provider in Croatia, providing the service free of charge, not only to the academic community, but to all citizens of the Republic of Croatia as well.

In November 1992 the first international communication connection was established, which connected CARNET Internet exchange point in Zagreb to Austria. By that act Croatia became a part of the world computer network – the Internet.

During 1992, the first equipment was procured and the backbone of the CARNET network was built. Institutions in Croatia were connected at the speed of 19 - 200 kbit/s, while the whole network was connected to the Internet through Austria at the speed of 64 kbit/s.
The first institutions to be connected to the Internet were the University Computing Centre - SRCE, the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing in Zagreb, the Ruđer Bošković Institute, the Faculty of Science, the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture in Split, the Faculty of Engineering in Rijeka, the Faculty of Economics in Osijek and the Ministry of Science and Technology.

During the first months of 1993, CARNET was assigned the administration over the top-level .hr domain by the international organisation called the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
In October 1994, CARNET started offering the first Internet courses to its users and, in time, user education became one of CARNET's most important activities.

Network
In 1996, the backbone of CARNET network was upgraded by introducing the ATM technology which enables real-time transfer of image and sound at the basic speed of 155 Mbit/s.

In January 1997, the first distance lecture in Croatia was organized through the CARNET ATM core between the Rectorate of the Osijek University and the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing in Zagreb.
GÉANT, the pan-European academic and research network, was put into service on 1 December 2001, and CARNET, among others, connected to it.

In cooperation with the University Computing Centre - SRCE, in 2003 CARNET released the Giga CARNET project in order to use gigabit technologies to develop a high quality infrastructure for CARNET member institutions, faculties and research institutes. In the framework of the Giga CARNET project, in February 2004 CARNET was enabled, through the connection to the GÉANT network, to have a twice-faster connection to similar academic and research networks in Europe and all over the world (at the speed of 1.2 Gbit/s instead of the former 622 Mbit/s).

As a necessary requirement for further cooperation between CARNET and the world's academic and research communities, in June 2007 the speed of CARNET's connection towards the GÉANT network was increased to 10 Gbit/s.

Chronology

2020 Cyberattack

On 16 March, Minister of Education Blaženka Divjak confirmed that the same day CARNET, responsible for online classes in Croatia, was a victim of a cyberattack making the online classes impossible at that moment.

Organisation

CARNET operates through services and projects integrated in eight departments:
 Network Infrastructure Department
 Computer and IT Systems and Services Department
 Computer Security Department
 National CERT Department
 User Support Department
 Education Support Department
 General and Financial Activities Department
 Office of the CEO

The CEO coordinates the activities at the level of the entire institution and outside it, acts on behalf of the institution and represents CARNET in public. CARNET Executive Committee consists of the CEO, the vice CEO and deputy CEOs (heads of the said departments). The Committee coordinates short- and long-term planning, makes decisions on business organisation and is responsible for the relations with the government bodies, users, partners and the public.

CARNET is run by the Managing Council which represents the interests of CARNET founders, the Government of the Republic of Croatia. Managing Council members are appointed by the Minister of Science, Education and Sports.

The Users Board is CARNET's advisory body consisting of all CARNET coordinators at CARNET member institutions as the representatives of the academic community, heads of county-level computer science councils as the representatives of school system users, and the CARNET CEO.

Infrastructure
Basic activities of the Croatian Academic and Research Network - CARNET are network development, building and maintenance. CARNET network is a private network of the Croatian academic, scientific and research community and the primary and secondary school system institutions.

Network infrastructure is owned by the CARNET institution, but cables are rented from a number of telecommunication providers. CARNET network is an example of a WAN network which enables CARNET members throughout Croatia to be connected into a compact information and communication system.

CARNET network is a data network whose principal purpose is to transfer data through the TCP/IP protocol. The currently supported version of the TCP/IP protocol in the CARNET network as its integral part is version 4 (IPv4). The key characteristic of every private network is its connection to the global network - the Internet. The CARNET network established this connection through the GÉANT pan-European research network, with the current connection speed of 10 Gbit/s.  The connection to other Internet service providers in Croatia has been implemented through the Croatian Internet Exchange Point – CIX.

In Croatia, the CARNET network connects the major Croatian towns and cities on the mainland and a number of settlements on the islands.  The larger university centres (Dubrovnik, Osijek, Pula, Rijeka, Split, Zadar, Zagreb) have high speed connections (ranging from 155 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s), while smaller centres are connected at the speeds ranging from 2 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s. Zagreb has a particularly advanced infrastructure, connecting larger faculties and scientific institutions at the speeds of up to 10 Gbit/s. Thanks to the project "e-Split,", which CARNET has accomplished in cooperation with the City of Split, Split is the first city in which CARNET has its own optical network. Through that optical network 158 CARNET member institutions, in the city area, are connected to CARNET network.

More than 900 institutions from the primary and secondary school systems are also connected to the CARNET network via ADSL connections, and schools on Croatian islands have been connected to CARNET network in the framework of the e-Islands project.

International cooperation
As part of its vision of inclusion of the Republic of Croatia in modern information society, CARNET participates in a series of international activities.

Parallel with the increase of physical link speed on GEANT network, there is an increased development of CARNET's parallel (human) link towards European and international academic Internet community. CARNET activities in the sphere of international cooperation are forming a stable communication channel towards foreign countries, providing CARNET with an opportunity to present Croatia and its academic research community.

International cooperation includes following the activities of other academic networks in Europe and participating in the work of international organisations that gather national, educational, academic and research networks. CARNET also promotes the inclusion of the Croatian academic community into international projects in the field of information technologies research and application and coordinates the participation of CARNET employees in international projects.

CARNET is active member of several international organisations:

 Trans - European Research and Education Networking Association
 The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
 Réseaux IP Européens
 Council of European National Top-Level Domain Registries
 Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST)
 NREN Consortium

Users
CARNET users are member institutions and individual users.

CARNET member institutions are institutions belonging to the science and higher education system, as well as those belonging to the primary and secondary school systems.  By obtaining the member status, institutions are connected to the CARNET network and entitled to use the CARNET services. CARNET has 241 member institutions from the academic community connected to the CARNET network at 418 locations. There are 1385 members from the primary and secondary school systems, connected at 1283 locations.

Individual users are higher education students and professors, scientists and persons employed in the academic and higher education community, primary and secondary school students, teachers and employees at primary and secondary schools and student homes.

At their respective central institution individual users obtain electronic identities in the AAI@EduHr system. Electronic identity is a virtual identity on the CARNET network which serves for user authentication and authorisation for different CARNET services and is necessary for the use of CARNET services.

Services
 Internet Access: Continuous Connection, Net in School, E-islands, Mobile CARNET, Super/2D/3D CARNET, MetroCARNET, DUO.CARNET, OptiCARNET, Vipme CARNET, Stick2CARNET, Tele2CARNET, Homebox CARNET and CARNET Modem Entries.
 Education: Online Courses, E-learning Academy, E-courses for Schools, Moodle, Teacher Training, National Distance Learning Portal "Nikola Tesla", Školska Učilica, Schools Portal, E-library, CARNET Users Conference CUC, Online Encyclopedia, Cisco Academy, Courses for CARNET System Engineers and Portal for System Engineers
 Internet Services: Hosting Service for Primary and Secondary Schools, CMS for Schools, Electronic Identity, Public Server, CARNET Debian, Virtual Servers, VOOPIX, www.hr, SmartX, E-mail, Webmail, Web Space, Domains, NTP, News and FTP.
 Multimedia: Room Videoconferences, Internet Transmission (streaming), Media on Demand and Adobe Connect Pro.
 Computer Security: Abuse Service, Content Filtering, Security Advice Vulnerability Test, Server Certificates, Security Advice and Mediation in Resolving Computer Incidents.
 Help and Support: User support service - helpdesk, Membership in the CARNET Network,  Helpdesk for CARNET System Engineers and Membership in the CARNET Network.

References

Education in Croatia
Internet in Croatia
Internet mirror services
National research and education networks
Government agencies of Croatia
Organizations established in 1991
1991 establishments in Croatia

CARNET


Gettysburg College is a private liberal arts college in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1832, the  campus is adjacent to the Gettysburg Battlefield. Gettysburg College has about 2,600 students, with roughly equal numbers of men and women. Gettysburg students come from 41 states, Washington, D.C., and 39 countries.

The school hosts 24 NCAA Division III men's and women's teams, known as the Bullets, and many club, intramural, and recreational sports programs.

History

Founding and early roots
Gettysburg College was founded in 1832, as a sister institution for the Lutheran Theological Seminary; the latter is now a campus of the United Lutheran Seminary. Both owe their inception to Thaddeus Stevens, a Radical Republican and abolitionist from Gettysburg. The college's original name was Pennsylvania College; it was founded by Samuel Simon Schmucker.

In 1839, seven years after Gettysburg College was first founded, Drs. George McClellan (founder of Jefferson Medical College), Samuel George Morton, and others, founded the Medical School of Pennsylvania College, which was located in Philadelphia. The school had money troubles within four years, forcing all founding members to leave their posts. After a failed agreement to combine with the Philadelphia College of Medicine in 1858 (closed in 1859, with the faculty being integrated into Pennsylvania Medical College), the college was forced to close the medical school in 1861. Students from the seceding southern states had withdrawn to return home, leaving it without adequate revenue.

Battle of Gettysburg
In June 1863, southern Pennsylvania was invaded by Confederate forces during the Gettysburg Campaign. Many local militia forces were formed around the area between Chambersburg and Philadelphia to face the oncoming foe.

Among these units was Gettysburg's 26th Pennsylvania Emergency Militia Regiment (PEMR). Composed mostly of students from the college and seminary, the 26th PEMR was mustered into service on June 22, 1863. Four days later, the students saw combat just north of town, skirmishing with advanced units of Confederate division commander Jubal A. Early. Casualties were light on both sides, but about 100 of the militiamen were captured and paroled.

During the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Hall, or Old Dorm, was used as both a signal corps station and field hospital. Due to the geographic position it held, it was used by both Confederate and Union troops during the battle for signal work and surgery.

On November 19, 1863, College President Henry Louis Baugher gave the benediction at the ceremony opening the National Soldiers' Cemetery at Gettysburg; speaking after Abraham Lincoln. Classes were cancelled at the college, as students and faculty walked with the parade to the cemetery to hear the now famous Gettysburg Address. This walk was later recreated for the now annual tradition of the "First Year Walk." Henry Baugher was the president of Gettysburg College from 1850 until his death in 1868.

Due to its close relationship with this crucial battle, Gettysburg College hosts a number of activities and awards:

 Pennsylvania Hall, located in the center of campus, was occupied by both Union and Confederate forces during the Battle of Gettysburg. Today, a Civil War era-style flag (for the year 1863) flies above the building, which was used as a lookout position and a field hospital during the battle.
 In 1982, professor and historian Gabor Boritt founded the Civil War Institute, which hosts annual seminars and tours on Civil War themes. Scholarships are granted to high school students and history teachers to attend the week-long summer event.
 Since 1998, the "Gettysburg Semester", a semester-long immersion in Civil War academic study has been offered.
 Gettysburg College students may elect to pursue a unique interdisciplinary minor in Civil War Era Studies. Requirements include a general introduction course about the Civil War and a capstone senior-level seminar. Students must also select four classes of at least two disciplines. Classes offered include military history, Economics of the American South, Civil War Literature, films about the Civil War, and Gender Ideology in the Civil War.
 The Lincoln Prize has been awarded annually since 1991 for the best non-fiction historical work of the year on the Civil War.
 Starting in 2005, the Michael Shaara Prize has been awarded for excellence in Civil War fiction. Shaara was the author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning 1974 novel about the Battle of Gettysburg, The Killer Angels.
 Author Mark Nesbitt's Ghosts of Gettysburg: Spirits, Apparitions and Haunted Places of the Battlefield claims several sightings of paranormal activity on the campus, most notably in Pennsylvania Hall.

Relationship with the Eisenhowers

Early in his military career, Dwight D. Eisenhower and his wife, Mamie, lived in a house in Gettysburg that was across the street from the college (the Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity House until 1955 on N. Washington Street). Both were fond of the town, so they decided to retire to a working farm adjacent to the battlefield after Eisenhower left the army. It was there that President Eisenhower recuperated from his 1955 heart attack.

While living in Gettysburg, Eisenhower became involved with Gettysburg College. He served on the Gettysburg College Board of Trustees, and he was given an office, which he used when writing his memoirs. Eisenhower's old office is now named Eisenhower House and is occupied by Gettysburg College's office of admissions. Eisenhower's grandson, David, and his granddaughter Susan continue a certain level of family involvement with the institution.

Today the Eisenhower Institute, a nationally recognized center for leadership and public policy based in Gettysburg and Washington, D.C., is formally recognized as a distinctive program of the college.

Campus

The college is located on a  campus adjacent to the Gettysburg National Military Park. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, is  from Harrisburg,  from Baltimore,  from Washington, D.C.,  from Philadelphia,  from New York City, and  from Boston.

The college's main campus has over 90 buildings, many of which are historically relevant, and is roughly divided in half by Pennsylvania Hall (administration). The northern half contains Eddie Plank Gym, Masters Hall (physics and astronomy), Musselman Library, the College Union Building, the College Dining Center, Briedenbaugh Hall (English and Asian Studies), Weidensall Hall (History and Education), and several first-year residence halls and fraternities. A section of this part of campus known as "Stine Lake" is not actually a lake but rather a quad located outside of the library. Prior to the Musselman Library being built in the late 1970s, and due to Gettysburg's wet climate and drainage issues, the quad and library site were prone to accumulating water, creating a large, muddy "lake" of sorts. Today, Stine Lake does not flood, but the name has stuck, to the confusion of first-year students. Additionally, the College Dining Center is known to students and faculty as "Servo," after the now defunct 1980s food service company, Servomation.

The southern half of the main campus includes McKnight Hall (languages), Glatfelter Hall (computer science, management, political science, mathematics, and others), Schmucker Hall (art and music), Brua Hall, and several fraternities. Over the last half-century, the campus has expanded considerably to include land to the east of North Washington Street and to the west of the traditional campus. In that time, the campus has undergone many renovations, with buildings being added and removed.

Since approximately 96% of students live on campus, most of this additional land is dedicated to housing. It also includes the college chapel, the admissions building, a large gymnasium and field house complex, and several athletics fields. The college has also purchased or leased many buildings for student housing, including residences on Washington Street, Carlisle Street, Middle Street, and Stratton Street.

The Majestic Theater
In 1925, Henry Scharf built the Majestic Theater as an expansion to the historic Gettysburg Hotel, located in the center of town. Originally, the building featured a main room that seated 1,200 patrons. In the 1950s, performances in the Theater were attended by President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his wife, often with world leaders or visitors. When he was spending the night in his Gettysburg residence, President Eisenhower used the theater's ballroom as an official White House Press Room for news conferences. The theater was also the location for the world premiere of the civil war epic Gettysburg (1993 film), produced by Ted Turner. In November 2005, the theater underwent a $20 million renovation process, with the main room being restored to its former glory and the addition of two new nightly cinemas. The theater is the location for the college's Sunderman Conservatory of Music performances, as well as musical theater performances and outside guests. Many traditions and orientation events also occur in the building, which seats 816 individuals in a multi-level main room.

Academic facilities

Library
Musselman Library provides access to books, journals, videos, sound recordings, rare books, and manuscripts, many in online format. The online catalog is freely available and provides a description of the books, DVDs, and CDs in the collection. The journal locator provides a list of online and print journals in the collection. A list of the online databases is available on the library's website. Exhibits are displayed throughout the library and are updated on a regular basis. The library maintains Gettysburg College's institutional repository, The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College, a collection of scholarly and creative works produced by faculty, students, and other members of the Gettysburg College community.

Special Collections and College Archives, located on the fourth floor of the library, collects primary sources including rare books, manuscripts, maps, art works, sound recordings, photographs, and other materials which support the curriculum. Special Collections is also home to the College Archives, which preserves records that document college activities, policies, and programs. Rotating exhibits are on display in the Reading Room. Selected items and collections have been digitized and are available via GettDigital.

The building was designed by architect Hugh Newell Jacobsen, who intended the building to complement Glatfelter Hall (1889). Jacobsen referred to the architectural style as "abstract Romanesque". The building project commenced thanks to a large gift from the Emma G. Musselman Foundation. Construction began in 1979 and the building opened on April 22, 1981. Books and other materials were transferred from Schmucker Memorial Library to Musselman Library via a human chain of students, faculty and others. In 1986, Jacobsen won both the Award for Excellence in Institutional Masonry Design and the Grand Award for Excellence in Masonry Design for his design of Musselman Library.

Schmucker Hall
Gettysburg College is a well respected institution for the musically inclined. The college is home to the Sunderman Conservatory of Music, which has performed regionally and internationally. Schmucker Hall houses four main classrooms, a 225-seat recital hall, a 10 station technology/piano lab, and 16 practice rooms. Two practice rooms are dedicated organ practice rooms, with a ratio of six students for one practice room. A recording studio is also found within the building's walls. Choral assemblies usually perform in Christ Chapel, the campus' nondenominational structure that houses a variety of different ceremonies and seats 1,100 individuals.

Glatfelter Hall

Glatfelter Hall is one of the most iconic buildings on campus. Built in 1889 as the New Recitation Building, the deep red brick and gray stone building was rededicated in 1912 to honor Philip H. Glatfelter, a trustee and generous benefactor of the college. The building was built in the Romanesque Revival style, with a tower 143 feet high.

Currently, the building features four stories and a basement, with a grandiose main staircase traversing all but the top floor. The building houses the Anthropology, Computer Science, Mathematics, Political Science, Management, and Sociology departments, along with campus management resources. It is completely handicap accessible, with an elevator traversing all floors. The topmost section of the building contains offices, seminar areas, and a small student library, as well as the entrance to the belltower. Atop the tower, Glatfelter Hall's bell can be heard across campus, ringing to mark the hour.

Renovations:
In 1929 a thorough interior renovation was implemented, providing additional windows in the north and west facades.
Between 1989 and 1991, a tower was added for an elevator and stairwell on the south façade and the buildings large attic was refurbished for academic use.
Between 2013 and 2014, the interior was renovated consisting of waterproofing the foundation; the addition of a new classroom and seminar room on the ground floor; and mechanical, lighting, sprinklers, and design changed throughout the building.

The Science Center
The Science Center is part of a complex of two buildings. The Science Center itself is the most modern academic building on campus, built in 2002. An  building, the science center was designed to have first-rate scientific equipment, facilities, and resources, and has been continually renovated to include the most up to date material. It includes:
 Greenhouse and herbarium
 400 MHz NMR spectrometer
 Nd:YAG laser spectrometer
 A scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope
 Specialized labs for a dozen different subjects
 Phase contrast and epifluorescence microscopes
 Animal rooms for endotherms and ectotherms
 Media preparation room (with autoclave, radiation room, and a walk-in environmental chamber)
 Multimedia 'smart' classrooms, lecture rooms, and seminar rooms
 Computer labs
 Dozens of other resources

The main building is home to the Chemistry, Environmental Studies, and Health Sciences departments.

McCreary Hall is the other building in the complex, and is older but was renovated during the construction of the Science Center and in 2012. It is home to the Biology and Psychology departments, with the latest equipment including a vast deionized pure water system, infant research lab, space for cognitive neuroscience, and many animal facilities.

Masters Hall
Masters Hall is home to the physics department, and houses several specialized labs, the largest classroom on campus (Mara Auditorium), a machine shop, and a Physics student lounge. In addition, the building also includes an indoor planetarium, Hatter Planetarium which gives students glimpses of what the night sky will look like each month. It also has private shows for classes and performances on different, special topics. Some of the equipment available for student use and regularly used for professor's research includes:
 Modernized telescopes and microscopes
 An advanced laser research lab used for investigating plasma and laser interactions; includes 25-milliwatt He-Ne laser, two 5 watt argon ion lasers, nitrogen dye laser, and other equipment
 Optical isolation table and optical tweezers
 Other technology relevant to specific classes and professors' research

The building houses astronomy classes and uses the campus' observatory, which is located just past the quarry. The observatory is used for undergraduate astronomical research and includes a 16-inch f/11 Ealing Cassegrain reflector, computer controlled. It also houses a classroom and six Meade telescopes. Since its construction in 1996, the observatory has been a huge benefit to astronomy students and has even made several star discoveries in the early 2000s. The Physics Department has supported Project CLEA for Astronomy.

Brua Hall
Brua Hall is the home of the college's theater department. Kline Theatre is the building's main attraction, seating 234 people with a thrust stage and an advanced sound and lighting system, including computer lighting memory control. The stage is home to many performances throughout the year, and is very often used by the theater department in addition to the student run theatre club, the Owl and Nightingale Society. Brua Hall also has a 48-seat blackbox, which with flexible playing space is constantly converted to fit the needs of the performance. The blackbox, Stevens Laboratory Theatre, is used for thesis productions from seniors as well as one-act plays written by students. The building has a fully equipped scene shop facility, studio and classroom space, dressing rooms, an Actors' Lounge and reception area known as Arms Green Room, and other storage and workroom areas.

Large-scale productions are generally performed in the Majestic Theater.

Other buildings
Economics and Africana studies are housed in a former house that was fully renovated in 2013, as well as in rooms in Glatfelter Hall.

Breidenbaugh Hall and Weidensall Hall are two adjacent buildings that house the English, Asian Studies, Civil War Era Studies, Classics, Education, Globalization Studies, History, Interdisciplinary Studies, Philosophy, and Religion departments. Weidensall Hall was originally built as a YMCA building, complete with a swimming pool, but was massively renovated in 1987. Both buildings feature a revived colonial design, with large columns supporting spacious porches.

Technology
Full network capabilities in all campus buildings and each residence hall room. Students have access to more than 1,300 computers and a complex system of workstations and laboratories. Wireless connectivity is available across 97% of the campus (the other 3% being the practice fields) and in all of the residence halls.

The school provides a large network of technological assistance, known as G-Tech, which is student staffed and IT supported. It offers free technical services including help with personal computers, removing adware or viruses, connecting to the college network, building computers, accessing school servers, and general troubleshooting assistance. The college's network infrastructure has been consistently updated over the past decade to keep up with student demand and modernity. In addition, the technology department has deals for students and faculty to receive discounted personal computers and programs.

The campus welcomed Google in July 2012 to open the 225 acre campus to Google Streetview. Prospective students are able to walk through every inch of campus to see the facilities and fields.

The Center for Athletics, Recreation and Fitness
The college broke ground on the new $25 million athletic center, named the John F. Jaeger Center for Athletics, Recreation and Fitness, on May 30, 2008. The 55,000 foot Center is an upgrade from the former athletic facility, known as the Bream/Wright/Hauser Complex. Bream/Wright/Hauser still exists next to the additions. The Center opened in stages. A dedication ceremony on April 30, 2010, marked its completion. The center was officially named for the 1965 alumnus John F. Jaeger on May 4, 2012.

The Center features:
A natatorium, complete with eight lanes, four warm-up lanes, and enough space for 350 seated spectators
 A 10,000 foot weight and cardio room complete with flat-screen TVs
Additional spaces for yoga, aerobics, spinning and martial arts classes
An upgraded training room with a Hydroworx pool
Rock climbing walls
A student lounge and dining space called "The Dive"

The center was created in order to provide more opportunities for the high percentage of students who like to maintain their fitness regimens and engage in intramural, club sports programs, and exercise classes. About 25 percent of the student body participate in varsity sports, while over 75 percent are active in intramural sports. More space was needed, and the center is important to improve life on campus.

John Jaeger, a 1965 Gettysburg College graduate, donated $1.2 million to encourage others to fund the project. Another important donor, Robert Ortenzio, provided the largest single gift by a living person in the history of the college, by giving $2 million.

Campus safety
Gettysburg College's Department of Public Safety (DPS) is the primary agency responsible for the enforcement of college policies, security, and emergency response on the campus. Emergency medical services (EMS) are provided by Adams Regional EMS's MICU 54–1 and Biglerville Fire Department's MICU 6–1, when needed. The college falls under Gettysburg's Volunteer Fire Department's first-due response area.

Academics and student life

As an independent institution, the college operates under a charter granted in 1832 by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The college is governed by a 39-member board of trustees comprising leaders from a range of professions and walks of life. Thirty of the college's trustees are graduates of Gettysburg. Gettysburg is considered a more selective college, with admission rates recently hovering around 40%. The Class of 2022 had a 45.4% acceptance rate, and Gettysburg often competes with comparable schools Dickinson and Franklin & Marshall for applicants. 83% of the class of 2022 was in the top 25% of their high schools, 62% of students were in the top 10% of their school.

Nearly 2,600 students, approximately one-half men and one-half women and representing 41 states, Washington, D.C., and 39 countries, attend the college. 75% of these students come from outside of Pennsylvania. Around 85% of the student body will graduate in five years, and almost 60% of graduates will study at least one semester abroad. The college has high retention rates, historically hovering around 90%.

The college employs 225 full-time faculty, with 100% of the permanent faculty holding a doctorate or highest earned degree in their fields. The student/faculty ratio is 10:1, with an average class size of 18 students. The college hosts one of only 19 chapters of Phi Beta Kappa in Pennsylvania, as well as 15 other academic honor societies in a variety of disciplines.

Gettysburg is known to be generous with financial aid, with over 70% of students receiving some form of aid. The Princeton Review has called Gettysburg a Best Value College, an award given to schools with exceptional financial aid systems and high rates of employment after graduation. 94% of alumni one year after graduation were either in graduate school or employed. This distinction is given to only 150 colleges in the United States, only 8 of which are in Pennsylvania. The Princeton Review has also called Gettysburg a College That Pays You Back, ranking the college 11th in Best Schools for Internships, one of only four liberal arts colleges to make the top 25.

Academic programs
Gettysburg College offers numerous fields of study and four possible degrees; Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Music, and Bachelor of Music Education.

In addition to its many majors and minors, the college offers several programs. Students may petition to design their own, individual, major. The major must consist of at least 17 courses, including a methods course and a 400-level capstone. Students design a curriculum of their own and choose a faculty advisor. During the senior year, the student takes a 400-level individualized study capstone which is the culmination of their program.

An engineering program is offered as a five-year, Dual Degree program in conjunction with Columbia University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, and University of Pittsburgh. Engineering students may choose any of these schools to travel to, taking three courses of liberal arts, mathematics, and physics at Gettysburg College, and two years of advanced engineering and physics classes at their chosen university. Upon completion of the program, students are awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree from Gettysburg College and a Bachelor of Science degree in an engineering discipline from one of the affiliated institutions.

The most popular majors, by 2021 graduates, were:
Econometrics & Quantitative Economics (64)
Political Science & Government (64)
Health Sciences (60)
Business Administration & Management (56)
History (38)
Experimental Psychology (35)
Environmental Studies (34)
Biology/Biological Sciences (33)

Sunderman Conservatory of Music
Music at Gettysburg College began in 1900 with a glee club and a guitar and mandolin club. It wasn't until 1934 that music classes were first taught at Gettysburg College; Professor Frederick Shaffer taught music appreciation. The following year the college hired Parker Wagnild to direct a new choir open to both men and women. Wagnild would graduate from the Gettysburg Theological Seminary with a divinity degree in 1937, and would then be hired as an English professor by the college to continue directing the choir. After Wagnild received a master's degree from New York University in 1948, a music department was established at Gettysburg College with Wagnild as the chair. He received an honorary doctorate of music from Thiel College in 1972, as well as an honorary doctorate of divinity from Gettysburg College.

Today, Gettysburg College is home to the Sunderman Conservatory of Music, which was established in 2006. Sunderman bequeathed $14 million, a large library of scores and parts, and a collection of 18th and 19th century violins and bows to Gettysburg College.

The Sunderman Conservatory of Music offers a Bachelor of Arts in music and a Bachelor of Music in Performance with tracks for Voice, Keyboard, Strings, and Winds/Percussion. The conservatory also offers a Bachelor of Music Education with students completing all requisite classes in seven semesters and teaching in their eighth.

Major ensembles include a Symphony Orchestra, a Wind Symphony and the College Choir. Students can also perform in the jazz band, jazz combo, as well as numerous chamber ensembles. The Bullets Marching Band, and ensemble of 100-120 student from within and outside the conservatory, performs every fall at home football games, and is routinely selected to perform as a part of the Collegiate Marching Band Festival in Allentown, PA. Students in these ensembles have opportunities to perform within the conservatory, throughout the college, and abroad with major ensembles touring nationally and internationally.

Performance venues for the Sunderman Conservatory include Paul Recital Hall in Schmucker Hall; Christ Chapel, the college's center for religious and spiritual life; and the Majestic Theater, an 816-seat theater renovated in 2004–2005 that serves as the conservatory's main performance venue.

Greek organizations
There are several fraternities and sororities on campus. Students can only rush as sophomores. Around 1/3 of all students are involved in some form of Greek life, and around 1/2 of eligible students are involved in Greek life.

Activities and traditions
The college boasts a wide variety of different events on campus, with an estimated 3,200 cultural events occurring during a four-year period.

Activities
There are more than 120 clubs and organizations on campus, focusing on areas of interest such as community service, art and music, theater and media, academics, student government, career fields, LGBTQA and outdoor adventure. These provide students with over 1,000 leadership opportunities each year, in addition to trips to surrounding metropolitan areas.

There are resources for Jewish, Buddhist, Christian, Muslim, atheist, and Hindu students. The college provides nondenominational worship in the campus chapel and Glatfelter Lodge, and various resources for religious holidays.

First year walk
On November 19, 1863, students marched through town to the National Cemetery to hear President Abraham Lincoln deliver his now famous Gettysburg Address. In 2003, Peter Holloran, a Gettysburg graduate and marketing consultant to the college proposed recreating the walk to promote community among students and the town. The Orientation Chair at the time, Lindsay Morlock, saw the walk as an opportunity to encourage new students to step "off campus from day one" and "acknowledge the history of Gettysburg College". Since the first walk on August 28, 2003, first year students have marched along the same one-mile path to be welcomed into town and hear the same words spoken over a century ago. Faculty, students, and townspeople cheer the arriving first-years along their walk as the main streets of town shut down to participate.

Twilight hour
Upon completion of the first semester, first-year students walk from the college union building to Pennsylvania Hall along paths illuminated by upperclassmen holding candles. Initially known as the Twilight Walk, the name was changed to Twilight Hour for the class of 2020 in 2017. The tradition is designed to welcome first-year students into alumni status, and involves the passing of a Class Book to the college president and the singing of the college's alma mater.

Thanksgiving dinner
Every Thanksgiving the dining center opens to serve dinner. Students organize themselves and their friends into groups of 8–14 people and receive unlimited turkey, mashed potatoes, stuffing, pumpkin pie, and more, served by professors and administrators. It is common practice for the president of the college to serve a table.

Springfest
Every spring, the weekend before finals the college hosts a well known musician on a constructed main stage in Stine Lake. Other musicians perform in the Attic, the campus' night club. The end of the term is celebrated with concerts, free food, merriment and play. It is common for there to be blow-up obstacle courses, and free beer for students of age.

Athletics
Twenty-four sports programs for both men and women participate in NCAA Division III. Gettysburg has earned the distinction of having the best win–loss record in the Centennial Conference for the past 14 years.

Twenty-five percent of Gettysburg's students participate in intercollegiate programs, which include twelve sports for men and twelve sports for women. Although the mascot for Gettysburg College is the Bullet, there is no official Bullet mascot at sporting events. In 2014, 1000 to 1: The Cory Weissman Story was filmed at Gettysburg College. Cory Weissman was a student-athlete who had a stroke before his freshman basketball season.

Notable alumni

Government
 Paul Barbadoro, Judge on the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire, Chief Judge of the District of New Hampshire (1997–2004)
 James Glenn Beall, U.S. Senator from Maryland
 Carol Bellamy, former New York City Council President and former executive director, UNICEF
 J. Hay Brown, Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (1899-1915), Chief Justice (1915-1921)
 Alice J. Cain, former Maryland Delegate
 Michael A. Chagares, Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
 Nathaniel N. Craley, Jr., former US Representative from Pennsylvania (1965–1967)
 Fred F. Fielding, former Counsel to the President (1981–1986, 2007–2009), former deputy to the White House counsel (1970–1972); member of the 9/11 Commission
 Bruce S. Gordon, former head of the NAACP (2005–2007)
 John Andrew Hiestand, U.S. Representative for Pennsylvania's ninth district (1885-1889)
 Pam Iovino, current Pennsylvania State Senator
 George M. Leader, 36th Governor of Pennsylvania (1955–1959)
 William N. McNair, 49th Mayor of Pittsburgh (1934–1936)
 Ron Paul, M.D., U.S. Representative from Texas; 1988 Libertarian Party presidential nominee; 2008 and 2012 candidate for the Republican Party presidential nomination
 Jeffrey Piccola, Pennsylvania State Senator, former State Senate Majority Whip (2001–2007)
 John S. Rice, former US Ambassador to the Netherlands (1961–1964)
 Doug Steinhardt (1991), chairman, New Jersey State Republican Party

Arts and entertainment
 Jen Bryant, poet and author
 Bill Fleischman, sports journalist and professor
 Jackson C. Frank, folk musician
 Carson Kressley, fashion consultant, Queer Eye for the Straight Guy
 Owen Roizman, filmmaker
 Stephanie Sellars, writer, actor, and filmmaker
 Karen Sosnoski, author, radio contributor and filmmaker
 Jerry Spinelli, author
 Puru Raaj Kumar, actor

Academia
Mary Carskadon, Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
 Arthur Byron Coble, mathematician, Professor at Johns Hopkins University and the University of Illinois, President of the American Mathematical Society
 Luther P. Eisenhart, mathematician, Professor and Chair of the Mathematics Department at Princeton University, later served as Dean of the Graduate School at Princeton
 Luther Alexander Gotwald
 Ruth J. Person, Chancellor of the University of Michigan (Flint Campus)
 Janet Morgan Riggs, President of Gettysburg College (2009–2019)
 Neal Smatresk, academic research biologist, President of the University of North Texas, Denton
 Edgar Fahs Smith, scientist, awarded the Priestley Medal, Provost of the University of Pennsylvania
 William Swann, Professor of Social and Personality Psychology at the University of Texas at Austin

Science
 J. Michael Bishop, 1989 Nobel Laureate in Medicine for cancer research
 Moncef Slaoui, Moroccan-born Belgian-American researcher and manager of Operation Warp Speed, the U.S. government's development of vaccines to treat coronavirus disease
 John Bosley Ziegler, physician who discovered Dianabol and pioneered the use of steroids in sport

Athletics
 Jon Anik, ESPN anchor, UFC play-by-play announcer
 Harry O'Neill, one of two Major League Baseball players to die during World War II
 "Gettysburg Eddie" Plank, former Major League Baseball player, member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame
 George Winter, former Major League Baseball player
 John Yovicsin, NFL football player, coach at Gettysburg, and coach at Harvard

Military
 Flora D. Darpino, first female Judge Advocate General of the United States Army
 Keller E. Rockey, Lieutenant General, United States Marine Corps, commander of the Fifth Marine Division during the Battle of Iwo Jima
 Charles A. Willoughby, Chief of Intelligence on General Douglas MacArthur's staff during World War II and the Korean War; member of Military Intelligence Hall of Fame

Notable faculty
Charles Philip Krauth, President, 1834 to 1850
Willard Stewart Paul, President, 1956 to 1961
Carl Hanson, President, 1961 to 1977
William Morton Reynolds, professor of Latin, 1832 to 1850
Alfred M. Mayer, professor of physics, 1865 to 1868
William Culp Darrah, professor of biology
J. Matthew Gallman, Henry R. Luce professor of the Civil War Era, 1998 to 2003
 Michael Birkner, professor of history, 1989 to present
Maggie Smith, poet, freelance writer, and editor
 Herman Haupt, American Civil War general who ran the Union military railroad system

Gallery

References

External links

Official website
Official athletics website
Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections: Weekly Gettysburgian (1897–2004)

Eastern Pennsylvania Rugby Union
Educational institutions established in 1832
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Liberal arts colleges in Pennsylvania
Universities and colleges in Adams County, Pennsylvania
1832 establishments in Pennsylvania
Private universities and colleges in Pennsylvania

Gettysburg College


Premiul Kossuth (în ) este un premiu de stat din Ungaria, care poartă numele omului politic și revoluționarului maghiar Lajos Kossuth. Premiul a fost instituit în 1948 (cu ocazia centenarului Revoluției Maghiare din 1848) de către Adunarea Națională a Ungariei pentru a recunoaște realizările personale și de grup în domeniul științei, culturii și artelor, precum și în construirea socialismului în general.

În anii 1950 premiul i-a fost acordat lui Gabor Fodor Bela pentru contribuțiile sale în domeniul chimiei deoarece beneficiarii premiului erau pe atunci oamenii de știință. Începând din 1963, premiul este decernat doar persoanelor care activează în domeniul culturii și artelor. Astăzi, el este considerat cel mai prestigios premiu cultural din Ungaria și este acordat de către președintele Ungariei.

Notă: Aceasta nu este o listă completă.

Beneficiari

István Csók (1948 și 1952)
Ferenc Erdei (1948 și 1962)
Milán Füst (1948)
Gizi Bajor (1948)
Pál Turán (1948 și 1952)
Géza Zemplén (1948)
Béla Balázs (1949)
Jenő Egerváry (1949)
Annie Fischer (1949, 1955, 1965)
Ferenc Mérei (1949)
Ági Mészáros (1949, 1954)
Hédi Temessy (1949)
Sándor Veress (1949)
Fódor Gábor Bela (1950)
László Kalmár (1950)
Kálmán Latabár (1950)
Péter Veres (1950, 1952)
Leó Weiner (1950, 1960)
János Görbe (1951)
László Heller (1951)
László Lajtha (1951)
Rózsa Péter (1951)
Klári Tolnay (1951 și 1952)
Margit Dajka (1952)
Sándor Jávorka (1952)
Tibor Szele (1952)
Éva Szörényi (1952)
Margit Dajka (1952)
Miklós Gábor (1953)
Hanna Honthy (1953)
Ferenc Bessenyei (1953 și 1955)
Andor Ajtay (1954)
Jenő Barcsay (1954)
Gyula Gózon (1954)
Péter Kuczka (1954)
Lajos Bárdos (1955)
Zoltán Fábri (1955)
Albert Fonó (1956)
Gyula Kaesz (1956)
László Ranódy (1956)
Jenő Ádám (1957)
Miklós Borsos (1957)
Manyi Kiss (1957)
László Németh (1957)
Mária Sulyok (1957)
László Fejes Tóth (1957)
Mór Korach (1958)
Tátrai Quartet (1958)
Éva Ruttkai (1960)
Leo Weiner (1960)
Iván Berend (1961)
Tibor Czibere (1962)
István Vas (1962, 1985)
Ákos Császár (1963)
Robert Ilosfalvy (1965)
Pál Lukács (1965)
László Nagy (1966)
Imre Sinkovits (1966)
Sándor Szokolay (1966)
Irén Psota (1966 și 2007)
Erzsébet Házy (1970)

György Kurtág (1973)
Líviusz Gyulai (1973)
Miklós Jancsó (1973)
Ferenc Sánta (1973)
Mari Törőcsik (1973 și 1999)
Miklós Erdélyi (1975)
Iván Darvas (1978)
Erzsébet Galgóczi (1978)
Dezső Ránki (1978 și 2008)
János Pilinszky (1980)
László Márkus (1983)
Géza Ottlik (1985)
András Szőllősy (1985)
Dezső Garas (1988)
Iván Mándy (1988)
Miklós Szentkuthy (1988)
Sandor Marai (1989)
György Cserhalmi (1990)
Sándor Csoóri (1990)
Ernő Dohnányi (1990)
Ferenc Farkas (1991)
István Gaál (1991)
Sándor Szabó (1991)
Péter Nádas (1992)
István Ágh (1992)
Sándor Kányádi (1993)
Sándor Reisenbüchler (1993)
Ferenc Ban (1994)
György Faludy (1994)
Tamás Lossonczy (1994)
Adrienne Jancsó (1995)
Péter Esterházy (1996)
József Király (1996)
György Petri (1996)
András Schiff (1996)
Péter Gothár (1997)
Jenő Jandó (1997)
Imre Kertész (1997)
Ferenc Zenthe (1997)
Éva Marton (1997)
Géza Hofi (1998)
Györgyi Szakács (1998)
József Gregor (1999)
János Kass (1999)
Márta Sebestyén (1999)
Károly Eperjes (1999)
Péter Korniss (1999)
József Soproni (1999)
Lívia Gyarmathy (2000)
Miklós Kocsár (2000)
Gáspár Nagy (2000)
Géza Böszörményi (2000)
 Ágnes Gergely (2000)
János Bródy (2000)
Enikő Eszenyi (2001)
Zoltán Jeney (2001)
Margit Bara (2002)
Péter Eötvös (2002)
El Kazovsky (2002)
Aladár Pege (2002)

András Bálint (2003)
Ádám Bodor (2003)
Éva Janikovszky (2003)
György Ligeti (2003)
László Marton (2003)
Béla Tarr (2003)
Amadinda Percussion Group (2004)
Gergely Bogányi (2004)
Líviusz Gyulai (2004)
László Krasznahorkai (2004)
Andrea Rost (2004)
Gyula Bodrogi (2005)
Zoltán Kocsis (2005)
György Szomjas (2005)
Pál Závada (2005)
Eszter Csákányi (2006)
Iván Fischer (2006)
János Herskó (2006)
Miklós Jancsó (2006)
János Kulka (2006)
György Spiró (2006)
Erzsébet Szőnyi (2006)
Zorán Sztevanovity (2006)
Nelly Vágó (2006)
László Gálffi (2007)
Gábor Görgey (2007)
András Kern (2007)
Ferenc Kósa (2007)
András Ligeti (2007)
Miklós Perényi (2007)
Ernő Rubik (2007)
Judit Elek (2008)
Ádám Fischer (2008)
Zsuzsa Koncz (2008)
Péter Kovács (2008)
Dezső Ránki (2008)
Mihály Balázs (2009)
Gábor Máté (2009)
László Rajk Jr. (2009)
Pál Sándor (2009)
Gyula Maár (2010)
Ferenc Rados (2010)
László Vidovszky (2010)
Agota Kristof (2011)
István Nemeskürty (2011)
István Orosz (2011)
Judit Reigl (2011)
Ferenc Rofusz (2011)
György Szabados (2011)
Ákos Kovács (2012)
Éva Schubert (2013)
Zoltán Gera (2013)
Vera Pap (2013)
Omega (2013)
Kati Kovács (2014)
Atilla Kiss B. (2014)
Fecó Balázs (2016)
László Nemes (2016)
Ildikó Komlósi (2016)
Géza Röhrig (2016)
Sylvia Sass (2017)
László Tahi-Tóth (2017)
Károly Frenreisz (2017)

Referințe

Premii artistice
Cultura Ungariei

Premiul Kossuth


Biedronka (în traducere, Buburuza) este un lanț de supermarketuri din Polonia. Acest lanț activează în domeniul comerțului cu amănuntul.
Suprafața magazinelor nu depășește 1000-1100 mp, astfel încât a acoperit toată Polonia.

Sunt planuri să facă un lanț de magazine și în România.

Companii din Polonia

Biedronka


ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයකි.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ පිහිටි විශ්වවිද්‍යාල

and ඉතිහාසය
2008 අංක 31 දරන පාර්ලිමේන්තු පනතතින් 2009 වසරේ ස්ථාපනය කරන ලදි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පලමු වැනි තාක්ෂණ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය වේ.

පරිපාලනය
කුලපති මහාචාර්ය - දයන්ත විජේසේකර
උපකුලපති -  මහාචාර්ය ජී.එල්.ඩී. වික්‍රමසිංහ

පීඨ
 පුහුණු තාක්ෂණ පීඨය (Faculty of Training Technology - FTT)
 කර්මාන්ත හා වෘත්තීය තාක්ෂණ පීඨය (Faculty of Industrial and Vocational Technology - FIVT)

පුහුණු තාක්ෂණ පීඨයේ උපාධි

 Bachelor of Technology in Network Technology  (ජාල තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 Bachelor of Technology in Multimedia & Web Technology (බහුමාධ්‍ය සහ වෙබ් තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 Bachelor of Technology in Software Technology (මෘදුකාංග තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 Bachelor of Education in Technology (අධ්‍යාපන තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 Bachelor of Education in English Language Teaching (අධ්‍යාපනවේදී උපාධිය ඉංග්‍රිසි භාෂාව ඉගැන්වීම )
 Bachelor of Technology in Industrial Management Technology (කර්මාන්ත කළමනාකරණ තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)

කර්මාන්ත හා වෘත්තීය තාක්ෂණ පීඨයේ පාඨමාලා

 Bachelor of Technology in Building Services Technology (ගොඩනැගිලි සේවා තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 Bachelor of Technology in Manufacturing Technology (නිෂ්පාදන තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 Bachelor of Technology in Mechatronics Technology (මෙකාට්‍රොනික් තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 Bachelor of Technology in Food Process Technology (ආහාර සැකසුම් තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 Bachelor of Technology in Film and Television Production Technology (සිනමා සහ ටෙලිවිෂන් තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 Bachelor of Technology in Quantity Surveying (ප්‍රමාණ සමීක්ෂණ තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 Bachelor of Technology in Construction Technology and Resource Management  ( ඉදිකිරීම් තාක්ෂණය සහ සම්පත් කළමනාකරණ තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)

ඇතුලත් වීමේ සුදුසුකම්
 අධ්‍යන පොදු සහතික පත්‍ර උසස්පෙළ විභාගය ( අදාල විෂයන් / තාක්ෂණ විෂයන්)
අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ  ජාතික වෘත්තීය සුදුසුකම් 5 වෙනි මට්ටම (NVQ 5).
 HNDE, NDT, NDES, NDET, NDICT හෝ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ අධ්‍යයන සභාව මගින් පිලිගන්නා අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ  සුදුසුකම්.
 තෘතියික හා වෘත්තීය අධ්‍යාපන කොමිෂන් සභාව (TVEC) මගින් මේ ජාතික වෘත්තිය සුදුසුකම් පද්ධතිය (NVQ) 5 හෝ 6 මට්ටමට සමාන යයි පිලිගනු ලබන වෙනත් සුදුසුකම්.

අදාල තාක්ෂණික සුදුසුකම්
 Bachelor of Technology in Network Technology  (ජාල තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර   - තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තාක්ෂණය Information & Communication Technology, විදුලි සංදේශ  Telecommunication.

 Bachelor of Technology in Multimedia & Web Technology (බහුමාධ්‍ය සහ වෙබ් තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර   -  තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තාක්ෂණය Information & Communication Technology, වීඩියෝ සහ රූපවාහිනී නිෂ්පාදන තාක්ෂනය Video & Television Production Technology.

 Bachelor of Technology in Software Technology (මෘදුකාංග තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර - තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තාක්ෂණය Information & Communication Technology

 Bachelor of Education in Technology (අධ්‍යාපන තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර   - පිලිගත් තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර

 Bachelor of Education in English Language Teaching (අධ්‍යාපනවේදී උපාධිය ඉංග්‍රිසි භාෂාව ඉගැන්වීම )
 අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර   - විද්‍යාපීඨ ඉංග්‍රිසි භාෂාව ඉගැන්වීමේ ඩිප්ලෝමාව National Diploma in Teaching (English) , Higher national Diploma in English offered by SLATE.

 Bachelor of Technology in Industrial Management Technology (කර්මාන්ත කළමනාකරණ තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර    - ඕනෑම තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍රයක්

 Bachelor of Technology in Building Services Technology (ගොඩනැගිලි සේවා තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර    - ඉදිකිරීම් Construction, සිවිල් Civil, යාන්ත්‍රික Mechanical, ශීතකරණ හා වායු සමීකරණ Refrigeration & Air Conditioning, විද්‍යුත් Electrical, ප්‍රමාණ සමීක්ෂණය  Quantity Surveying.

 Bachelor of Technology in Manufacturing Technology (නිෂ්පාදන තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර    - නිෂ්පාදන Production,මෙකාට්‍රොනික් Mechatronics,  ශීතකරණ හා වායු සමීකරණ Refrigeration & Air Conditioning, යාන්ත්‍රික Mechanical,  මෝටර් රථ තාක්ෂණය Automobile, පෑස්සුම්, Welding, කෘෂි යන්ත්‍රෝපකරණ Farm Machinery.

 Bachelor of Technology in Mechatronics Technology (මෙකාට්‍රොනික් තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර - මෙකාට්‍රොනික් Mechatronics, විද්‍යුත් Electrical, ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික් Electronics, නිෂ්පාදන Production, මෝටර් රථ තාක්ෂණය Automobile,ජෛව වෛද්‍ය Bio-Medical.

 Bachelor of Technology in Food Process Technology (ආහාර සැකසුම් තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර - ආහාර Food, කෘෂිකර්ම Agriculture, සූපවේදය Culinary Arts, පශු සම්පත් හා කිරි නිෂ්පාදන Livestock & Dairy Products.

 Bachelor of Technology in Film and Television Production Technology (සිනමා සහ ටෙලිවිෂන් තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර -  සිනමා සහ රූපවාහිනී නිෂ්පාදන තාක්ෂණය Film and Television Production and Technology.

 Bachelor of Technology in Quantity Surveying (ප්‍රමාණ සමීක්ෂණ තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර - ප්‍රමාණ සමීක්ෂණය Quantity Surveying

 Bachelor of Technology in Construction Technology and Resource Management  ( ඉදිකිරීම් තාක්ෂණය සහ සම්පත් කළමනාකරණ තාක්ෂණවේදී උපාධිය)
 අදාල තාක්ෂණික ක්ෂේත්‍ර - ඉදිකිරීම් තාක්ෂණය Construction Technology

පහසුකම්

නවීන උපකරන වලින් සමන්විත පරිගණක විද්‍යාගාර , විද්‍යාගාර,පර්යේෂණාගාර සහ පුස්තකාල වැනි සියළු පහසුකම් වලින් මෙම විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය සමන්විතයි. එමෙන්ම සිසුන් සඳහා නේවාසිකාර පහසුකම්, වෛද්‍ය පහසුකම්, අන්තර්ජාල පහසුකම් ශ්‍රවණාගාර පහසුකම් ක්‍රීඩා සහ විනෝදායන පහසුකම් උපදේශණ සේවා

සරසවි ජීවිතය
ක්‍රීඩා උළෙල, කළා උලෙල, ශිෂ්‍ය සංගම් ආදි සියළු ශිෂ්‍ය ක්‍රියා කාරකම්

වෘත්තීය තාක්‍ෂණ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය


Transatlantic este un film de comedie american din 1931 regizat de William K. Howard cu actorul Edmund Lowe în rolul principal. Gordon Wiles a primit premiul Oscar pentru cele mai bune decoruri pentru acest film.

Prezentare

Distribuție
 Edmund Lowe în rolul Monty Greer
 Lois Moran în rolul Judy Kramer
 John Halliday în rolul Henry D. Graham
 Greta Nissen în rolul Sigrid Carline
 Myrna Loy în rolul Kay Graham
 Jean Hersholt în rolul Rudolph Jed Kramer
 Earle Foxe în rolul Arătosului
 Billy Bevan în rolul Hodgkins

Note

Legături externe

Filme din 1931
Filme americane
Filme în limba engleză
Filme regizate de William K. Howard
Filme premiate cu Oscar
Filme Fox Films

Transatlantic (film din 1931)


زعنفة سباحة تستخدم في السباحة بالزعانف والتي تعني تعني التقدم في السباحة بالزعانف المونو أو بالزعانف المزدوجه سواء سباحة سطح الماء أو تحت الماء، وعن طريق القوة العضليه للسباحين فقط، وبدون استخدام أي آلية أخرى حتى ولو على عضلات السبّاح أما بالنسبة للسباقات تحت الماء مثل الغوص الحر على التنفس يسمح فقط المعدات الهوائية بالهواء المضغوط. تلبس الزعنفة في الأقدام ولها مقاسات وأحجام مختلفة، كما لها أشكال مختلفة، وتشكل قوة دفع جيدة، وتساعد من يمارسون الرياضات المائية رياضة السباحة أو الغطس أن يكونوا منافسين أفضل، وتصنع من مواد خفيفة مثل الكربون، أو البلاستيك، أو المطاط أو السيليكون أو من مزيج بينهم. هناك أكثر من أهمية لزعنفة السباحة ليس التنقل في الماء بسلاسة فحسب بل هناك أنواع محددة لزيادة صعوبة التدريب. لكن من سلبياتها للرياضي أنها قد تصبح عكازه في الماء بحيث يتكاسل عن السباحة بدونها، لأنها تصبح جزء منه.

فوائد زعنفة السباحة للسبّاحين
تكمن أهمية الزعنفة للسبّاحين في أنها:

 يمكن أن تساعد في تخفيف الضربات التي يتعرض لها كتفيك كل يوم أثناء ممارسة السباحة.
 زيادة القوة الكلية والقدرة على التحمل في ساقيك، مما يزيد سرعتك ويطور أداءك
 تسهل عملية التنقل وصرب الركلات في الماء.
 تساعد على تطوير مرونة الكاحل.
 من خلالها تستطيع أن تموضع جسمك في الماء بشكل أفضل

تاريخ زُعنفة السباحة
أول مخترعان هما ليوناردو دافنشي وبينجامين فرانكلين وكانت تصنع من أوراق النخيل الصلبة، وكان بينجامين قد اختار أن يكون هناك زعنفتين في اليدين أيضاً عام 1773  في تاريخ 1876 رجل بريطاني أخذ برءة اخترا ع في زعنفة سباحة خشبية. وفي بواكر التسعينات (1930) الفرنسي «لويس دو كولريو» والأمريكي أووين تشرتشل صنعا زعنفة سباحة عملية جداً. أعجبت القوات البحرية الأمريكية بزعنفة تشرتشل. أما في بريطانيا «دونلاب» طور زعنفة الفرنسي لويس وسماها زعنفة الرجل الضفدع في الحرب العالمية الثانية ولم يكن له وقت لاستخدامها في الحرب. فيما بعد صارت تسخدم في التمارين للسباحين.

استخدامات زعنفة السباحة

 سباحة المونو، وهي التي اسمها السباحة الزعنفية لأنها تستخدم الزعنفة بشكل أساسي، وهي زعنفة عريضة واحدة، وتصنع من المطاط. والسباحة فيها تكون تحت الماء بشكل أمامي ومموج من الرقبة والأكتاف حتى الأقدام وتعقد السباقات لأجلها.
 الغوص الحر
 السباحة الزعنفية للتمرين تزيد القوة التنافسيّة حيث أنها تزيد قوة وسرعة الانطلاق للسباح العادي.
 التنقل تحت الماء

معرض صور

وصلات داخلية
 سباحة
 الجت فينز
 ادوات الغطس

روابط خارجية

المراجع

ألبسة قدم رياضية
أدوات السباحة
الغوص الحر

زعنفة سباحة


Viticus es una banda de hard rock argentino formada en 2002 por el músico Vítico.

Biografía
Viticus es el proyecto personal de Vitico, bajista de la legendaria banda Riff, que remite al hard rock de fines de los década de 1970', con influencias de blues y rock sureño.

En 2003 publican su álbum debut llamado Viticus que contenía 12 canciones.

En marzo de 2006 lanzaron Super, el segundo trabajo discográfico, que incluye diez temas propios, dos covers (de Robert Johnson y de Willie Dixon) y una grabación en vivo en el Estadio Obras Sanitarias de "Mucho por hacer". Por este trabajo fueron nominados como "Mejor Artista Rock Revelación" en los Premios Gardel 2007, perdiendo ante Rubén Rada.

En 2008 llegó Viticus III, su tercer trabajo discográfico, que fue presentado en Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Rosario y en varios festivales, como el Pepsi Music, tocando en el escenario principal.

Rock local es lanzado en 2011. Fue producido por Sebastián Bereciartúa, sobrino de Vitico, y contiene 12 nuevas canciones. La formación para este disco fue el quinteto Vitico, Nicolás Bereciartúa, Sebastián Bereciartúa, Ariel Rodríguez y Jerónimo Sica, pero también contó con Gustavo Rowek y Javier "pupi" Salerno como invitados. Nicolás Bereciartúa al abandonar la banda fue reemplazado por el nuevo guitarrista Gaston Videla.

En  2017 luego del lanzamiento de "Equilibrio", Sebastián Bereciartúa abandona la banda, constituyéndose desde ese entonces en un power trio, aunque a principios del 2018 regresa a la banda Nicolás Bereciartúa en guitarra.

Discografía
 Viticus (2003)
 Super (2006)
 Viticus III (2008)
 Voy a salir a buscarte (DVD)(2010)
 Rock local (2011)
 V10 CLASICO  (CD+DVD) (2013)
 Equilibrio (2017)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial
 Biografía en rock.com

Grupos de rock de Argentina
Grupos de hard rock de Argentina
Grupos de rock and roll de Argentina
Grupos de música de los años 2000
Grupos de música de los años 2010

Viticus


Martin Seeberg (født 1966) er en dansk musiker og multiinstrumentalist, der har været med i en række forskellige musikgrupper, der fortrinsvist har spillet middelalder- og folkemusik. Dette tæller bl.a. Sorten Muld, Virelai og Valravn. Seeberg spiller en række forskellige instrumenter heriblandt violin, skalmeje og fløjte.

Karriere
I midten af 1990'erne medvirkede han i den irsk/danske musiker Tom Donovans band, og udgav to CD'er. I 1999 opstod gruppen Virelai, hvor Seeberg stadig er aktiv.

I 2000 medvirkede han på folktronicagruppen Sorten Mulds album III, der fortsatte forgængerens succes. Det blev godt modtaget af anmelderne og blev kaldt et "lille mesterværk". I GAFFA's 25-års jubliæumsnummer var III listet som et af de fem vigtigste album fra dette år, og "Vølven" var ligeledes blandt de fem vigtigste singler fra 2000.

Fra 2005 til 2011 var han med i gruppen Valravn, hvor han medvirkede på deres udgivelser. I 2006 udgav han albummet Grum med folkemusikgruppen Instinkt.

Hans seneste gruppe, Trolska Polska, blev dannet i 2011. Gruppen spiller nyskrevet musik med elementer fra den nordiske folkemusik og inspireret af trolde og nordisk folkeminde. Gruppen har bl.a. optrådt til musikfestivalen Castlefest i Holland.

Han var også en af initiativtagerne til gruppen Asynje.

Hæder
I 2007 blev han nomineret til prisen "Årets Danske Instrumentalist" ved Danish Music Awards Folk. I 2010 blev han nomineret "Årets Danske Folk Musiker/Vokalist" ved Danish Music Awards for sin sang "Koder På Snor" på Valravns album af samme navn fra 2009.

Trolska Polska blev nomineret til "Årets Talent" ved Danish Music Awards Folk i 2013. I 2014 blev gruppen nomineret til "Årets Udgivelse" for deres album moss og Seeberg blev nomineret til "Årets Komponist/Sangskriver" ved samme prisuddeling.

Ydermere modtog Martin Seeberg DJBFA's hæderspris i 2016.

Ved DMA Folk i 2017 blev Seeberg nomineret til prisen "Årets Komponist" for albummet, men tabte til Jonas Kongsted, og Trolska Polskas album Untold Tails blev nomineret til "Årets Album", men tabte til Interesting Times af Basco.

Ved DMA Roots i 2019 modtog Seeberg prisen "Årets Danske Rootskomponist".

Diskografi

Med Tom Donovan Band
 1996 Stories Seldom Told
 1997 The Blue Planet

Med Sorten Muld
 2000 III

Med Virelai
 2001 Danser duggen af jorden
 2006 Havmandens kys
 2011 Fra bølger og bjerge
 2014 I danser vel

Med Instinkt
 2002 HUR
 2006 Grum

Med Valravn
 2007 Valravn
 2009 Koder på snor
 2011 Re-Cod3d

Med Trolska Polska
 2014 Moss
 2016 Untold Tails
 2020 Eufori

Gæsteoptræden
 2007 Lad Skyggerne Danse med Stine Michel

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Voxpop // Martin Seeberg: Niche blandt elver og orker  - kort interview med Martin Seeberg

Musikere fra Danmark
Folkemusikere fra Danmark
Violinister fra Danmark
Fløjtenister fra Danmark
Cellister fra Danmark
Valravn
Virelai

Martin Seeberg


An Philodendron goeldii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Graziela Maciel Barroso. An Philodendron goeldii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Philodendron, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Philodendron

Philodendron goeldii


Tony Baldinelli (né le 24 novembre 1964) est un homme politique canadien en Ontario. Il représente la circonscription fédérale ontarienne de Niagara Falls à titre de député conservateur à partir de 2019.

Biographie
Né à Niagara Falls en Ontario, Baldinelli travaille pour la , une commission du gouvernement de l'Ontario pour la rivière Niagara, pendant 18 ans.

Tentant une entrée en politique fédérale lors de l'élection fédérale de 2000, il est défait à titre de candidat progressiste-conservateur dans la circonscription de Niagara Falls face au libéral Gary Pillitteri.

Élu député conservateur dans Niagara Falls en 2019, il est nommé conseiller spécial pour la relance du Tourisme par le chef conservateur Erin O'Toole en septembre 2020. Baldinelli est réélu en 2021.

Résultats électoraux

Références
Tony Baldinelli - Chambre des communes du Canada

Actuel député fédéral canadien
Naissance à Niagara Falls (Ontario)
Député du Parti conservateur du Canada
Député fédéral canadien provenant de l'Ontario

Tony Baldinelli


Gianluigi Donnarumma er ítalskur markvörður sem spilar fyrir franska liðið Paris Saint-Germain og ítalska karlalandsliðið í knattspyrnu. Donnarumma hóf frumraun sína í Serie A fyrir AC Milan 16 ára og 242 daga gamall og var næstyngsti markmaðurinn til að gera það. Eldri bróðir hans Antonio var til mála hjá liðinu.

Árið 2021 var viðburðarríkt hjá Donnarumma. Hann gerði 5 ára samning við PSG eftir 8 ár hjá Milan og vann Evrópukeppnina með Ítalíu. Hann varði spyrnur í vítakeppni í undanúrslitum og úrslitum og var valinn leikmaður mótsins.
Donnarumma er talinn af sumum arftaki Gianluigi Buffon en Buffon var meira en 20 ára með landsliðinu og er dáður af Donnarumma.

Heimild

Tilvísanir
Ítalskir knattspyrnumenn

Gianluigi Donnarumma