"Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street" is a short story by the American writer Herman Melville, first serialized anonymously in two parts in the November and December 1853 issues of Putnam's Magazine and reprinted with minor textual alterations in his The Piazza Tales in 1856. In the story, a Wall Street lawyer hires a new clerk who, after an initial bout of hard work, refuses to make copies or do any other task required of him, refusing with the words "I would prefer not to."

Numerous critical essays have been published about the story, which scholar Robert Milder describes as "unquestionably the masterpiece of the short fiction" in the Melville canon.

Plot
The narrator is an unnamed elderly lawyer who works with legal documents and has an office on Wall Street in New York. He already employs two scriveners, Turkey and Nippers, to copy documents by hand, but an increase in business leads him to advertise for a third. He hires the forlorn-looking Bartleby in the hope that his calmness will soothe the other two, each of whom displays an irascible temperament during an opposite half of the day. An errand boy nicknamed Ginger Nut completes the staff.

At first, Bartleby produces a large volume of high-quality work, but one day, when asked to help proofread a document, Bartleby answers with what soon becomes his perpetual response to every request: "I would prefer not to." To the dismay of the narrator and the irritation of the other employees, Bartleby begins to perform fewer and fewer tasks and eventually none. He instead spends long periods of time staring out one of the office's windows at a brick wall. The narrator makes several attempts to reason with Bartleby or to learn something about him, but never has any success. When the narrator stops by the office one Sunday morning, he discovers that Bartleby is living there. He is saddened by the thought of the life the young man must lead.

Tension builds as business associates wonder why Bartleby is always present in the office, yet does not appear to do any work. Sensing the threat to his reputation, but emotionally unable to evict Bartleby, the narrator moves his business to a different building. The new tenant of his old office comes to ask for help in removing Bartleby, and the narrator tells the man that he is not responsible for his former employee. A week or so after this, several other tenants of the narrator's former office building come to him with their landlord because Bartleby is still making a nuisance of himself; even though he has been put out of the office, he sits on the building stairs all day and sleeps in its doorway at night. The narrator agrees to visit Bartleby and attempts to reason with him. He suggests several jobs that Bartleby might try and even invites Bartleby to live with him until they figure out a better solution. Bartleby replies that he would "prefer not to make any change", and declines the offer. The narrator leaves the building and flees the neighborhood for several days, in order not to be bothered by the landlord and tenants.

When the narrator returns to work, he learns that the landlord has called the police. The officers have arrested Bartleby and imprisoned him in the Tombs as a vagrant. He goes to visit Bartleby, who spurns him, and bribes a cook to make sure Bartleby gets enough food. The narrator returns a few days later to check on Bartleby and discovers him dead of starvation, having preferred not to eat.

Months later, the narrator hears a rumor that Bartleby had once worked in a dead letter office and reflects on how this might have affected him. The story ends with the narrator saying, "Ah Bartleby! Ah humanity!"

Composition
Melville's major source of inspiration for the story was an advertisement for a new book, The Lawyer's Story, printed in the Tribune and the Times on February 18, 1853. The book, published anonymously later that year, was written by popular novelist James A. Maitland. This advertisement included the complete first chapter, which started: "In the summer of 1843, having an extraordinary quantity of deeds to copy, I engaged, temporarily, an extra copying clerk, who interested me considerably, in consequence of his modest, quiet, gentlemanly demeanor, and his intense application to his duties." Melville biographer Hershel Parker said nothing else in the chapter besides this "remarkably evocative sentence" was notable. Critic Andrew Knighton said Melville may have been influenced by an obscure work from 1846, Robert Grant White's Law and Laziness: or, Students at Law of Leisure, which features an idle scrivener, while Christopher Sten suggests that Melville found inspiration in Ralph Waldo Emerson's essays, particularly "The Transcendentalist", which shows parallels to "Bartleby".

Melville may have written the story as an emotional response to the bad reviews garnered by Pierre, his preceding novel. Financial difficulties may also have played a part: Moby-Dick and Pierre sold so poorly that Melville was in debt to his publisher Harper & Brothers.

Publication history
The story was first published anonymously as "Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-Street" in two installments in Putnam's Monthly Magazine, in November and December 1853. It was included in Melville's The Piazza Tales, published in by Dix & Edwards in the United States in May 1856 and in Britain in June.

Interpretation
The narrator and the text do not explicitly explain the reason for Bartleby's behavior, leaving it open to interpretation.

Bartleby's demeanor
A 1978 article in ELH posits that Bartleby shows classic symptoms of depression, such as his lack of motivation. He is a passive person, and good at the work he agrees to do. He refuses to divulge any personal information to the narrator. Bartleby's death is consistent with depression—having no motivation to survive, he refrains from eating until he dies.

Function of narrator
Bartleby has been interpreted as a "psychological double" for the narrator that criticizes the "sterility, impersonality, and mechanical adjustments of the world which the lawyer inhabits." Until the end of the story, Bartleby's background is unknown and may have sprung from the narrator's mind. The narrator screens off Bartleby in a corner, which has been interpreted as symbolizing "the lawyer's compartmentalization of the unconscious forces which Bartleby represents."

Psychoanalyst Christopher Bollas says the main focus of the story is the narrator, whose "willingness to tolerate [Bartleby's] work stoppage is what needs to be explained ... As the story proceeds, it becomes increasingly clear that the lawyer identifies with his clerk. To be sure, it is an ambivalent identification, but that only makes it all the more powerful."

Autobiography
Scholars have long explored the possibility that Bartleby serves as an autobiographical portrait. Lawrence Buell suggested that the scrivener may reflect Melville as disenchanted writer or artist, Leo Marx connected the story's theme of alienation with Melville's experiences and feelings of isolation, and Giles Gunn posited that Melville's personal struggles and disillusionment with the literary world influenced his portrayal of Bartleby as a withdrawn and passive character.

Free will and ethics
"Bartleby, the Scrivener" alludes to Jonathan Edwards's "Inquiry into the Freedom of the Will" and Jay Leyda, in his introduction to The Complete Stories of Herman Melville, comments on the similarities between Bartleby and The Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity by Joseph Priestley. Both Edwards and Priestley wrote about free will and determinism. Edwards states that free will requires the will to be isolated from the moment of decision, in which case Bartleby's isolation from the world would allow him to be completely free. He has the ability to do whatever he pleases. The reference to Priestley and Edwards in connection with determinism may suggest that Bartleby's exceptional exercise of his personal will, even though it leads to his death, spares him from an externally determined fate.

"Bartleby" is also seen as an inquiry into ethics. Critic John Matteson sees the story (and other Melville works) as explorations of the changing meaning of 19th-century "prudence." The story's narrator "struggles to decide whether his ethics will be governed by worldly prudence or Christian agape."  He wants to be humane, as shown by his accommodations of the four staff and especially of Bartleby, but this conflicts with the newer, pragmatic and economically based notion of prudence supported by changing legal theory. The 1850 case Brown v. Kendall, three years before the story's publication, was important in establishing the "reasonable man" standard in the United States, and emphasized the positive action required to avoid negligence. Bartleby's passivity has no place in a legal and economic system that increasingly sides with the "reasonable" and economically active individual. His fate, an innocent decline into unemployment, prison, and starvation, dramatizes the effect of the new prudence on the economically inactive members of society.

Reception
Though no great success at the time of publication, "Bartleby, the Scrivener" is now among the most noted of American short stories. Albert Camus, in a personal letter to Liselotte Dieckmann published in The French Review in 1998, cites Melville as a key influence.

On November 5, 2019, the BBC News listed "Bartleby, the Scrivener" on its list of the 100 most influential novels.

Adaptations and references

Adaptations
 The York Playhouse produced a one-act opera, Bartleby, composed by William Flanagan and James J. Hinton Jr. with a libretto by Edward Albee, from January 1 to February 28, 1961.
 The first filmed adaptation was by the Encyclopædia Britannica Educational Corporation in 1969. It was adapted, produced & directed by Larry Yust and starred James Westerfield and Patrick Campbell, with Barry Williams of The Brady Bunch fame in a small role. The story has been adapted for film four other times as  Bartleby: in 1970, starring Paul Scofield; in France, in 1976, by Maurice Ronet, starring Michel Lonsdale; in 1977, by Israel Horovitz and Michael B Styer for Maryland Center for Public Broadcasting, starring Nicholas Kepros, which was an entry in the 1978 Peabody Awards competition for television; and in 2001, by Jonathan Parker, starring Crispin Glover and David Paymer.
 The BBC Radio 4 adaptation dramatised by Martyn Wade, directed by Cherry Cookson, and broadcast in 2004 stars Adrian Scarborough as Bartleby, Ian Holm as the Lawyer, David Collings as Turkey, and Jonathan Keeble as Nippers.
 In 2009, French author Daniel Pennac read the story on the stage of La Pépinière-Théâtre in Paris.
 The story was adapted for the stage in 2020 by Juhan Ulfsak for Von Krahl Theatre in Estonia as "Pigem ei" ("Rather not").

References to the story

Literature
 Bartleby: La formula della creazione (1993) by Giorgio Agamben and Bartleby, ou la formule by Gilles Deleuze are two philosophical essays reconsidering many of Melville's ideas.
In her 2016 book My Private Property, Mary Ruefle's story "Take Frank" features a high school boy assigned to read Melville's Bartleby. The boy unwittingly mimics Bartleby when he declares he would "prefer not to."
 In "Farrington the Scrivener: A Story of Dame Street," Morris Beja compares "Bartleby, the Scrivener" with "Counterparts", a story in Dubliners, by James Joyce. The essay is published in Coping With Joyce: Essays from the Copenhagen Symposium, edited by Morris Beja and Shari Benstock (Ohio State University Press, 1989), pp. 111-122.
 Abdulrazak Gurnah references Bartleby, the Scrivener throughout his 2001 novel By the Sea. The protagonist Saleh Omar quotes Bartleby's mantra to explain his decision to abstain from speaking English on seeking asylum in the UK.

Film and television
 In 2011, French director Jérémie Carboni made the documentary Bartleby en coulisses around Daniel Pennac's reading of "Bartleby the Scrivener".

Other
The electronic text archive Bartleby.com is named "after the humble character of its namesake scrivener, or copyist—publishes the classics of literature, nonfiction, and reference free of charge."
The British newspaper magazine The Economist maintains a column named Bartleby focused on managers trying to understand how to motivate their employees, and to empathize with employees who "carry out their bosses' often bewildering orders, even when they would 'prefer not to'."
The 92nd Street Y presented a livestreamed and on-demand reading of the story by actor Paul Giamatti in November 2020. A December 3, 2020 conversation between Giamatti and Andrew Delbanco is archived on YouTube.

See also
 Interpassivity
 Pseudowork
 Refusal of work
 Slacker

References

Sources
 Jaffé, David (1981). "Bartleby the Scrivener and Bleak House: Melville's Debt to Dickens". Arlington, Virginia: The Mardi Press.
 McCall, Dan (1989). The Silence of Bartleby. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
 Parker, Hershel (2002). Herman Melville: A Biography. Volume 2, 1851–1891. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
 Sealts, Merton M., Jr. (1987). "Historical Note." Herman Melville, The Piazza Tales and Other Prose Pieces 1839-1860. Edited by Harrison Hayford, Alma A. MacDougall, and G. Thomas Tanselle. Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library 1987.

External links

 Bartleby, the Scrivener (Part I: Nov 1853) + (Part II: Dec 1853). Digital facsimile of first edition published in Putnam's Magazine. From the HathiTrust Digital Library.

1853 short stories
Fictional scribes
Short stories by Herman Melville
Works originally published in Putnam's Magazine
Bureaucracy in fiction
Short stories adapted into films
Literature critical of work and the work ethic
Manhattan in fiction
Fiction about law
Starvation

Bartleby, the Scrivener


Tanith Lee () a fost o scriitoare britanică de science fiction, horror și fantasy. A scris peste 90 de romane și peste 300 de povestiri, o carte pentru copii (Animal Castle) și numeroase poezii. A scris scenariul a 2 episoade BBC Blake's 7. Ea este prima femeie care a câștigat British Fantasy Award pentru cel mai bun roman  pentru cartea ei Death's Master (1980).

Bibliografie
Lucrări ale scriitoarei Tanith Lee în ordinea apariției:

 The Dragon Hoard (1971)
 Animal Castle (1972)
 Princess Hynchatti & Some Other Surprises (1972) (colecție de basme originale)
 The Birthgrave Series
 The Birthgrave (1975)
 Shadowfire (1978) (titlu SUA: Vazkor, Son of Vazkor)
 Quest for the White Witch (1978) (titlul ediției din 2016: Hunting the White Witch)
 Companions on the Road (1975)
 The Four-BEE Series(Don't Bite the Sun)
 Don't Bite the Sun (1976)
 Drinking Sapphire Wine (1977)
 Drinking Sapphire Wine (1979)
 The Wars of Vis
 The Storm Lord (1976)
 Anackire (1983)
 The Wars of Vis (1984)
 The White Serpent (1988)
 The Winter Players (1976)
 Companions on the Road and The Winter Players: Two Novellas (1977) (antologie)
 Volkhavaar (1977)
 East of Midnight (1977)
 Castle of Dark
 The Castle of Dark (1978)
 Prince on a White Horse (1982)
 Dark Castle, White Horse (1986) (antologie)
 Tales From The Flat Earth
 Night's Master (1978) (Ilustrații de George Barr și Alicia Austin în 1985)
 Death's Master (1979)
 Delusion's Master (1981)
 Delirium's Mistress (1986)
 Night's Sorceries (1986) (colecție de nuvele stabilite în această lume)
 Tales from the Flat Earth: Night's Daughter (1987)
 Tales from the Flat Earth: The Lords of Darkness (1987)
 I Bring You Forever (1998)
 The Man Who Stole the Moon (2001)
 Our Lady of Scarlet (2009)
 The Thaw (1979)
 Electric Forest (Pădurea electrică, 1979)
 Shon the Taken (1979)
Sabella
 Sabella, or the Blood Stone (1980)
 Kill the Dead (1980)
 Sometimes, After Sunset (1980) (antologie care include Sabella, or the Blood Stone & Kill the Dead)
 Day by Night (1980)
 Lycanthia, or The Children of Wolves (1981)
 The S.I.L.V.E.R. Series
 The Silver Metal Lover (1981)
 Metallic Love (2005)
 The Tin Man (TBD)
 Unsilent Night (1981)
 Cyrion (1982) (colecția de povestiri încadrate de o nuvelă, toate centrate pe personajul titular)
 Red as Blood, or Tales from the Sisters Grimmer (1983) (colecție de basme repovestite)
 Sung in Shadow (1983) (repovestire fantastică a piesei Romeo și Julieta)
 Tamastara, or The Indian Nights (1984) (colecție de povestiri și nuvele despre India)
 Night Visions (1984) (colecție de povestiri)
 The Gorgon and Other Beastly Tales (1985) (colecție de povestiri)
 Days of Grass (1985)
 Dreams of Dark and Light: The Great Short Fiction of Tanith Lee (1986) (colecție de povestiri)
 The Secret Books of Paradys (are loc într-o versiune alternativă a  Parisului)
 The Book of the Damned (1988)
 The Book of the Beast (1988)
 The Book of the Dead (1991) (colecție de povestiri ce au loc în lumea sa)
 The Book of the Mad (1993)
 The Secret Books of Paradys (2007) (antologie, retipărire a toate cele 4 cărți)
 The Book of the Damned & The Book of the Beast (1988)
 The Nightmare's Tale (1990)
 The Secret Books of Paradys 1 & 2 (1991)
 The Secret Books of Paradys (2006)
 Madame Two Swords (1988)
 Women as Demons: The Male Perception of Women through Space and Time (1989) (colecție de povestiri)
 Forests of The Night (1989) (colecție de povestiri)
 A Heroine of the World (1989) (Ilustrații de Anne Yvonne Gilbert)
 The Blood of Roses (1990)
 The Unicorn Series
 Black Unicorn (1991)
 Gold Unicorn (1994)
 Red Unicorn (1997)
 The Blood Opera Sequence
 Dark Dance (1992)
 Personal Darkness (1993)
 Darkness, I (1994)
 Heart-Beast (1992)
 Elephantasm (1993)
 Nightshades: Thirteen Journeys Into Shadow (1993) (colecție de povestiri și o nuvelă)
 Eva Fairdeath (1994)
 Vivia (1995)
 Reigning Cats and Dogs (1995)
 When the Lights Go Out (1996)
 Louisa the Poisoner (1996)
 The Gods Are Thirsty (1996) (roman istoric despre Revoluția Franceză)
 The Secret Books of Venus (setat într-o versiune alternativă a Veneției)
 Faces Under Water (1998)
 Saint Fire (1999)
 A Bed of Earth (2002)
 Venus Preserved (2003)
 The Secret Books of Venus I & II (1999)
 The Secret Books of Venus III & IV (2003)
 The Claidi Journals
 Law of the Wolf Tower (1998) (titlu SUA: Wolf Tower)
 Wolf Star Rise (2000) (titlu SUA: Wolf Star)
 Queen of the Wolves (2001) (titlu SUA: Wolf Queen)
 Wolf Wing (2002)
 Voyage of the Basset
 Islands in the Sky (1999)
 White As Snow (2000) (repovestire a basmului  Alba ca Zăpada)
 Mortal Suns (2003)
 The Piratica Series
 Piratica: Being a Daring Tale of a Singular Girl's Adventures Upon the High Seas (2004)
 Piratica II: Return to Parrot Island (2006)
 Piratica III: The Family Sea (2007)
 34 (2004) (ca Esther Garber)
 Fatal Women (2004) (ca Esther Garber)
 The Lionwolf Series
 Cast a Bright Shadow (2004)
 Here In Cold Hell (2005)
 No Flame but Mine (2007)
 Death of the Day (2004)
 Colouring Book
 L'Amber (2006)
 Greyglass (2011)
 To Indigo (2011)
 Killing Violets (2012)
 Ivoria (2012)
 Cruel Pink (2013)
 Ghosteria
 Ghosteria Volume One: The Stories (2014)
 Ghosteria Volume Two: Zircons May Be Mistaken (2014)
 Marcheval
 A Different City (2015)
 Idoll (2015)
 Not Stopping at Heaven (2015)
 The Portrait in Gray (2015)
 Indigara (2007)
 The Selected Stories
 Tempting The Gods: The Selected Stories of Tanith Lee, Volume One (2009)
 Hunting The Shadows: The Selected Stories of Tanith Lee, Volume Two (2009)
 Sounds and Furies: Seven Faces of Darkness (2010)
 Disturbed By Her Song (2010)
 Cold Grey Stones (2012)
 Space is Just a Starry Night (2013) colecție de povestiri, Aqueduct Press, Seattle
 Colder Greyer Stones (2013)
 Animate Objects (2013)
 Turquoiselle (2014)
 Phantasya (2014)
 A Different City (2015)
 Blood 20: Tales of Vampire Horror (2015)
 Legenda Maris (2015)
 Dancing Through The Fire (2015)

Premii
Premiul Nebula

 1975: The Birthgrave (nominalizare, cel mai bun roman)
 1980: Red As Blood (nominalizare, cea mai bună povestire)

World Fantasy Awards

 1979: Night's Master (nominalizare, cel mai bun roman)
 1983: "The Gorgon" (câștigat, cea mai bună povestire)
 1984: "Elle Est Trois, (La Mort)" (câștigat, cea mai bună povestire)
 1984: "Nunc Dimittis" (nominalizare, cea mai bună nuvelă)
 1984: Red As Blood, or, Tales From The Sisters Grimmer (nominalizare, cea mai bună antologie/colecție)
 1985: Night Visions 1 (nominalizare, cea mai bună antologie/colecție)
 1987: Dreams Of Dark And Light (nominalizare, cea mai bună antologie/colecție)
 1988: Night's Sorceries (nominalizare, cea mai bună antologie/colecție)
 1999: "Scarlet And Gold" (nominalizare, cea mai bună nuvelă)
 2006: "Uous" (nominalizare, cea mai bună nuvelă)
 2013: Premiul World Fantasy pentru realizări de o viață

World Horror Convention
 2009: Grand Master Award

British Fantasy Awards

 1979: Quest For The White Witch (nominalizare, cea mai bună nuvelă)
 1980: Death's Master (câștigat, cel mai bun roman)
 1980: "Red As Blood" (nominalizare, cea mai bună povestire)
 1981: Kill The Dead (nominalizare, cel mai bun roman)
 1999: "Jedella Ghost" (nominalizare, cea mai bună povestire)
 2000: "Where Does The Town Go At Night?" (nominalizare, cea mai bună povestire)

Lambda Awards

 2010: Disturbed by Her Song (nominalizare, cea mai bună literatură SF cu tematică LGBT)

Vezi și
 Angela Carter
 Neil Gaiman
 George R. R. Martin

Note

Legături externe
 Daughter of the Night – official annotated Tanith Lee bibliography
 Tanith Lee on The Silver Metal Lover (1981) – 2009 account by Lee
 Biography on the Internet Book List

Nașteri în 1947
Decese în 2015
Scriitori britanici
Scriitori britanici de literatură de groază
Scriitori britanici de literatură științifico-fantastică
Scriitori britanici de literatură pentru copii
Nuveliști britanici
Romancieri britanici

Tanith Lee


කුරුණෑගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ මල්ලවපිටිය ප්‍රදේශයේ පහමුනේ නම් ගම්මානයේ ඒකනායක මුදියන්සේලාගේ රන්හාමි මධුරසිංහ වෙද මහතාගෙත්, රැකව පත්තු කෝරළයේ හේනෙපොල එල්ලන්දකොටුවේ වලව්වේ ජයසුන්දර රාළහාමිලාගේ උක්කුඅම්මා මහත්මියගේ වැඩිමහල් දරුවා ලෙස 1851 වසරේදී උපත ලැබූ මුන්වහන්සේගේ ගිහිනම වූයේ කිරිබණ්ඩාය.

කුඩාකාලේදිම දෙමව්පියෝ මියගිය බැවින් පියාගේ ගිහිකල බාල සහෝදරයා වූ බඩගමුව රාජමහා විහාරාධිපති පහමුනේ ශ්‍රී සුමන හිමියන් යටතේ සිටි කිරිබණ්ඩා දරුවා 1863 දී පැවිදිබිමට පත්විය . උන්වහන්සේගේ ගිහිකල බාල සහෝදරයා කුරුණෑගල ශාන්ත  ආනා විදුහලේ අධ්‍යාපනය ලැබ කිතුණු පූජකයෙක් විය. ඔහු ජෝන් පහමුනේ පියතුමාය.

1871 වසරේදී එවකට මල්වතු මහානාහිමි වූ මැදගම දේවමිත්ත මහානාහිමියන්ගේ උපාධ්‍යායත්වයෙන් , වැව්ගොන්නේ විපස්සී නාහිමියන්ගේ කර්මාචාර්‍යත්වයෙන් උපසම්පදාව ලැබූ උන්වහන්සේ 1877 දී කාරක සභාවට තේරිපත්විය. ඉන් අනතුරුව වයඹ පලාතේ ප්‍රධාන සංඝනායක හිමියන් වූ උන්වහන්සේ 1922 දී අනුනායක ධුරයට තේරිපත්විය.

1927 දෙසැම්බර් 9 දා අඹන්වැල්ල ශ්‍රී සුමංගල මහානාහිමියන්ගේ අපවත්වීමෙන් පසු මල්වතු පාර්ශ්වයේ මහානාහිමි වූ පහමුනේ සුමංගල මහානාහිමියන් වසර 18 ක් ධුරය දරමින් 1945 දෙසැම්බර් 2 දා අපවත්වූහ.

පහමුණේ ශ්‍රී සුමංගල මහනාහිමි


70995 Mikemorton este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
70995 Mikemorton este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Needville de Observatorul din Needville. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,73 ua, o excentricitate de 0,01 și o înclinație de 6,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 70001-71000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

70995 Mikemorton


Dedeler, Sakarya ilinin Akyazı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Önceki ismi Sepetçiler olan köy üçe bölünerek Dedeler, Beyciler ve Tenteres Köyü ismini almıştır.

Coğrafya
Sakarya il merkezine 62 km, Akyazı ilçesine 25 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Akyazı'nın mahalleleri

Dedeler, Akyazı


In any narrative, a foil is a character who contrasts with another character, typically, a character who contrasts with the protagonist, in order to better highlight or differentiate certain qualities of the protagonist. A foil to the protagonist may also be the antagonist of the plot.

In some cases, a subplot can be used as a foil to the main plot. This is especially true in the case of metafiction and the "story within a story" motif.

A foil usually either differs dramatically or is an extreme comparison that is made to contrast a difference between two things. Thomas F. Gieryn places these uses of literary foils into three categories, which Tamara A. P. Metze explains as: those that emphasize the heightened contrast (this is different because ...), those that operate by exclusion (this is not X because...), and those that assign blame ("due to the slow decision-making procedures of government...").

Etymology
The word foil comes from the old practice of backing gems with foil to make them shine more brightly.

Shakespeare refers directly to the origin of the term "foil"  in Henry IV, Part 1. Prince Hal says that when he starts behaving better, the change will impress people:
"And like bright metal on a sullen ground/
My reformation, glittering o'er my fault/
Shall show more goodly and attract more eyes/
Than that which hath no foil to set it off."

Examples from literature

In Emily Brontë's 1847 novel Wuthering Heights, Edgar Linton is described as opposite to main character Heathcliff, in looks, money, inheritance and morals, however similar in their love for Catherine.

In Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, an 1818 novel by Mary Shelley, the two main characters—Dr. Frankenstein and his "creature"—are literary foils to each other, functioning to compare one to the other.

In David Copperfield, an 1850 novel by Charles Dickens, Edward Murdstone's marriage to David's mother Clara, contrasts with David's future marriage to Dora Spenlow, presented with a different outcome if David had endeavored to subdue his wife's caprices, as did Edward Murdstone with Clara's.

In Jane Austen's 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice, Mary's absorption in her studies places her as a foil to her sister Lydia Bennet's lively and distracted nature.

Similarly, in William Shakespeare's tragedy Julius Caesar, the character Brutus has foils in the two characters Cassius and Mark Antony. In the play Romeo and Juliet, Romeo and Mercutio serve as character foils for one another, as well as Macbeth and Banquo in the play Macbeth. In the tragedy Hamlet, a foil is created between Laertes and Prince Hamlet to elaborate the differences between the two men. In Act V Scene 2, Prince Hamlet tells Laertes that he will fence with him and states, "I'll be your foil, Laertes" (5.2.272). This word play reveals the foil between Hamlet and Laertes that was developed throughout the play.

George and Lennie are foils to each other in John Steinbeck's 1937 novella Of Mice and Men. Lennie is huge and strong as a bull but mentally slow, while George is small, skinny and very smart.

In Frank Herbert's 1965 science fiction novel Dune, Feyd-Rautha serves as the narrative foil to Paul Atreides. While both characters are heirs of powerful noble houses, feature in the plans of the Bene Gesserit, and have received extensive combat training, Paul is compassionate and wishes to avoid war while Feyd is portrayed as interested solely in the acquisition of power.

In the Harry Potter series, Draco Malfoy can be seen as a foil to the Harry Potter character; Professor Snape enables both characters "to experience the essential adventures of self-determination" but they make different choices; Harry chooses to oppose Lord Voldemort and the Death Eaters wholeheartedly, whereas Draco struggles with his allegiances through the whole series.

See also
 Counterpart (disambiguation)
 Juxtaposition
 Sidekick
 Straight man, a form of foil in comedy

References

Counterparts to the protagonist

Foil (narrative)


Eulophiinae, podtribus kaćunovki smješten u tribus Cymbidieae, dio potporodice Epidendroideae. Postoji 5 priznatih rodova; tipični je eulofija (Eulophia)  s 275 vrsta iz Azije, Australije, Afrike i obje Amerike.

Rodovi
 Ansellia Lindl. (1 sp.)
 Claderia Hook. fil. (1 sp.)
 Imerinaea Schltr. (1 sp.)
 Graphorkis Thouars (4 spp.)
 Eulophia R. Br. (275 spp.)

Izvori

Cymbidieae

Eulophiinae


Agrilus cizeki é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Curletti, 2005.

Referências

cizeki

Agrilus cizeki


An Cyperus hayesii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Charles Baron Clarke, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Paul Carpenter Standley. An Cyperus hayesii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyperus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cyperus

Cyperus hayesii


Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick ( 1272 – 12 August 1315) was an English magnate, and one of the principal opponents of King Edward II and his favourite, Piers Gaveston. Guy was the son of William de Beauchamp, the first Beauchamp earl of Warwick, and succeeded his father in 1298. He distinguished himself at the Battle of Falkirk and subsequently, as a capable servant of the crown under King Edward I. After the succession of Edward II in 1307, however, he soon fell out with the new king and the king's favourite, Piers Gaveston. Warwick was one of the main architects behind the Ordinances of 1311, that limited the powers of the king and banished Gaveston into exile.

When Gaveston returned to England in 1312—contrary to the rulings of the Ordinances—he was taken into custody by Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Warwick abducted Gaveston and, together with Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, had him executed. The act garnered sympathy and support for the king, but Warwick and Lancaster nevertheless managed to negotiate a royal pardon for their actions. After the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, King Edward's authority was once more weakened, and the rebellious barons took over control of government. For Warwick the triumph was brief; he died the next year.

Guy de Beauchamp is today remembered primarily for his part in the killing of Gaveston, but by his contemporaries he was considered a man of exceptionally good judgement and learning. He owned what was for his time a large collection of books, and his advice was often sought by many of the other earls. Next to Lancaster, he was the wealthiest peer in the nation, and after his death his lands and title were inherited by his son, Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick.

Family background

Guy de Beauchamp was the first son and heir of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick (c. 1238 – 1298). His mother was Maud FitzJohn, daughter of John Fitzgeoffrey, who was Justiciar of Ireland and a member of the council of fifteen that imposed the Provisions of Oxford on King Henry III. William was the nephew of William Maudit, 8th Earl of Warwick, and when his uncle died without issue in 1268, he became the first Beauchamp earl of Warwick. In 1271 or 1272 his first son was born, and in reference to the new family title, William named his son after the legendary hero Guy of Warwick. William de Beauchamp was a capable military commander, who played an important part in the Welsh and Scottish wars of King Edward I.

A marriage between Guy and Isabel de Clare, daughter of Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, was contemplated, or possibly even took place and then annulled. It was not until early 1309 that Guy married Alice de Toeni, a wealthy Hertfordshire heiress. By this time Guy had already succeeded as Earl of Warwick, after his father's death in 1298.

By his wife, Alice, Guy had two daughters and two sons—Thomas, his heir and successor, and John de Beauchamp, Lord Beauchamp KG (1315 – 2 December 1360), who carried the royal standard at the Battle of Crécy.
Maud de Beauchamp (died 1366), married before Easter term 1332 Geoffrey de Say, 2nd Lord Say, by whom she had issue. The Barons Saye and Sele are their descendants.
Elizabeth de Beauchamp (c. 1316 – 1359), married before Easter term 1332 Thomas Astley, 3rd Lord Astley, by whom she had two sons, William Astley, 4th Lord Astley and Sir Thomas Astley, ancestor of the Astleys of Patshull and of Everley.

By an unknown mistress (or mistresses), Earl Guy also had three daughters:
Isabel de Beauchamp; married John de Clinton.
Emma de Beauchamp; married Roland de Oddingseles.
Lucia de Beauchamp (also known as Lucy); married Robert de Napton, Knt., the son of Sir Adam Napton. Lucia and Sir Robert had a son Adam Napton, who married Margaret Helier.

Service to Edward I
Edward I knighted Guy de Beauchamp at Easter 1296. Warwick's career of public service started with the Falkirk campaign in 1298. Here he distinguished himself, and received a reward of Scottish lands worth 1,000 marks a year. At this point his father was already dead, but it was not until 5 September that Guy did homage to the king for his lands, and became Earl of Warwick and hereditary High Sheriff of Worcestershire for life. He continued in the king's service in Scotland and elsewhere. In 1299 he was present at the king's wedding to Margaret of France at Canterbury, and in 1300 he took part in the Siege of Caerlaverock Castle. The next year he was a signatory to a letter to the Pope, rejecting Rome's authority over the Scottish question, and also participated in negotiations with the French over the release of the Scottish king John Balliol. He was present at the Siege of Stirling in 1304, serving under Edward, the Prince of Wales. In March 1307 he made preparations to accompany Prince Edward to France, but this journey never took place.

Early in 1307, Edward I made his last grant to Warwick, when he gave him John Balliol's forfeited lordship of Barnard Castle in County Durham. On 7 July that year, near Burgh by Sands in Cumberland, Warwick was present when King Edward died. Together with Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, and Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, he carried the ceremonial swords at the coronation of King Edward II on 25 February 1308.

Conflict with Edward II
Before his death, the old king had exiled Prince Edward's favourite Piers Gaveston, and Warwick was among those charged with preventing Gaveston's return. The new king, however, not only recalled his favourite, but soon also gave him the title of earl of Cornwall. Warwick was the only one of the leading earls who did not seal the charter, and from the start took on an antagonistic attitude to Edward II. Gaveston was a relative upstart in the English aristocracy, and made himself unpopular among the established nobility by his arrogance and his undue influence on the king. He gave mocking nicknames to the leading men of the realm, and called Warwick the "Black Dog of Arden".

Gaveston was once more forced into exile, but Edward recalled him in less than a year. The king had spent the intervening time gathering support, and at the time, the only one to resist the return of Gaveston was Warwick. With time, however, opposition to the king grew. Another source of contention was Edward abandoning his father's Scottish campaigns, a policy that opened the Border region up to devastating raids from the Scots. This affected Warwick greatly, with his extensive landed interest in the north. Tensions grew to the point where the king in 1310 had to ban Warwick and others from arriving at parliament in arms. They still did, and at the parliament of March 1310, the king was forced to accept the appointment of a commission to draft a set of ordinances towards reform of the royal government.

The leaders of these so-called Lords Ordainers were Robert Winchelsey, Archbishop of Canterbury, on the side of the clergy, and Warwick, Lincoln and Lancaster among the earls. Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, was the most experienced of the earls, and took on a modifying role in the group. Thomas of Lancaster, who was Lincoln's son-in-law and heir, was the king's cousin and the wealthiest nobleman in the realm, but at this point he took a less active part in the reform movement. Warwick is described by some sources as the leader of the Ordainers; he was certainly the most aggressive. The set of Ordinances they drafted put heavy restrictions on the king's financial freedom, and his right to appoint his own ministers. It also—once more—ordered Gaveston to be exiled, to return only at the risk of excommunication.

Gaveston's death
Gaveston's third and final exile was of even shorter duration, and after two months, he was reunited with King Edward II in England. Archbishop Winchelsey responded by excommunicating Gaveston, as the Ordinances had stipulated. Lancaster, who had by this time succeeded his father-in-law Lincoln, had taken over leadership of the baronial opposition. While the King departed for York, a number of the barons set out in pursuit of Gaveston. Gaveston ensconced himself at Scarborough Castle, and on 19 May 1312, agreed on a surrender to Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, as long as his security would be guaranteed.

Pembroke lodged his prisoner in Deddington in Oxfordshire. On 10 June, while Pembroke was away, Warwick forcibly carried away Gaveston to Warwick Castle. Here, in the presence of Warwick, Lancaster and other magnates, Gaveston was sentenced to death at an improvised court. On 19 June he was taken to a place called Blacklow Hill—on Lancaster's lands—and decapitated. According to the Annales Londonienses chronicle, four shoemakers brought the corpse back to Warwick, but he refused to accept it, and ordered them to take it back to where they found it. Gaveston's body was eventually taken to Oxford by some Dominican friars, and in 1315, King Edward finally had it buried at Kings Langley.

The brutality and questionable legality of the earls' actions helped win political sympathy for the king. Pembroke was particularly offended, as he had been made to break his promise of safety to Gaveston, and his chivalric honour had been damaged. From this point on Pembroke sided firmly with King Edward in the political conflict. The king himself swore vengeance on his enemies, but found himself unable to move against them immediately, partly because they were in possession of a number of highly valuable royal jewels taken from Gaveston. A settlement was reached in October, whereby the rebellious barons and their retainers received a pardon. The king nevertheless emerged strengthened from the events, while Warwick and Lancaster were largely marginalised. This all changed in 1314, when the king decided to stage his first major campaign against the Scots. Warwick and Lancaster refused to participate and the campaign ended in a humiliating English defeat at the Battle of Bannockburn on 24 June. This led to another political reversal and Edward was forced to reconfirm the Ordinances, and submit to the leadership of the rebellious barons.

Death and historical assessment

In mid-July Warwick had to withdraw from government to his estates on account of illness. When he died on 12 August 1315, political leadership was soon left almost entirely to Lancaster. The chronicler Thomas Walsingham reported rumours that the king had had Warwick poisoned. He was buried at Bordesley Abbey in Worcestershire, an establishment to which his family had been benefactors. In value, his possessions were second only to those of the earl of Lancaster among the nobility of England.
His lands, though primarily centred on Warwickshire and Worcestershire, were spread over nineteen counties as well as Scotland and the Welsh Marches. His heir was his eldest son, whom he had named Thomas after the earl of Lancaster. Thomas, born probably on 14 February 1314, did not succeed to his father's title until 1326, as Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick. In the meanwhile Warwick's possessions went into the hands of the king, who donated Warwick's hunting dogs to the earl of Pembroke. A younger son, named John, also became a peer, as John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp. Like his elder brother, he distinguished himself in the French wars, and was a founding member of the Order of the Garter.

Guy de Beauchamp is probably best remembered for his opposition to King Edward II, and for his part in the death of Gaveston. To contemporaries, however, he was considered a man of considerable learning and wisdom. His library, of which he donated 42 books to Bordesley Abbey during his lifetime, was extensive. It contained several saints' lives as well as romances about Alexander and King Arthur. As mentioned, Edward I entrusted the supervision of his son to Warwick. Likewise, when the earl of Lincoln died in 1311, he supposedly instructed his son-in-law Thomas of Lancaster to heed the advice of Warwick, "the wisest of the peers". Chronicles also praised Warwick's wisdom; the Vita Edwardi Secundi says that "Other earls did many things only after taking his opinion: in wisdom and council he had no peer". Later historians have reflected this view; in the 19th century, William Stubbs called Warwick "a discriminating and highly literate man, the wisdom of whom shone forth through the whole kingdom". He was politically and economically well connected by traditional ties of kinship and marriage.

Warwick's death came at an inconvenient time and Thomas of Lancaster proved unequal to the task of governing the nation, so that further years of conflict and instability followed. Nevertheless, the problems of Edward II's reign were deep, and in the words of Michael Hicks: "one must doubt whether even Warwick could have brought unity as one chronicler supposed".

References

1270s births
1315 deaths
13th-century English nobility
14th-century English nobility
Beauchamp
High Sheriffs of Worcestershire
Guy

Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick


La Cantatrice chauve  – translated from French as The Bald Soprano or The Bald Prima Donna – is the first play written by Romanian-French playwright Eugène Ionesco.

Nicolas Bataille directed the premiere on 11 May 1950 at the Théâtre des Noctambules, Paris. Since 1957 it has been in permanent showing at the Théâtre de la Huchette, which received a Molière d'honneur for its performances. It holds the world record for the play that has been staged continuously in the same theatre for the longest time. Although it went unnoticed at first, the play was eventually championed by a few established writers and critics and, in the end, won critical acclaim. By the 1960s, The Bald Soprano had already been recognized as a modern classic and an important seminal work in the Theatre of the Absurd. With a record number of interpretations, it has become one of the most performed plays in France.

Origin
The idea for the play came to Ionesco while he was trying to learn English with the Assimil method.  Impressed by the contents of the dialogues, often very sober and strange, he decided to write an absurd play named L'anglais sans peine ("English without toil"). Other possible titles which were considered included Il pleut des chiens et des chats, ("It's raining cats and dogs", translated in French literally); "L'heure anglaise" and "Big Ben Follies".

Its actual title was the result of an error in rehearsal by actor Henri-Jacques Huet: the fire chief's monologue initially included a mention of "l'institutrice blonde" ("the blonde schoolteacher"), but Huet said "la cantatrice chauve", and Ionesco, who was present, decided to re-use the phrase.

Overview
The Smiths are a traditional couple from London who have invited another couple, the Martins, over for a visit. They are joined later by the Smiths' maid, Mary, and the local fire chief, who is also Mary's lover. The two families engage in meaningless banter, telling stories and relating nonsensical poems. At one point, Mrs. Martin converses with her husband as if he were a stranger she just met. As the fire chief turns to leave, he mentions "the bald soprano" in passing, which has a very unsettling effect on the others. Mrs. Smith replies that "she always styles her hair the same way." After the Fire Chief's exit, the play devolves into a series of complete non-sequiturs with no resemblance to normal conversation. It ends with the two couples shouting in unison "It's not that way. It's over here!" ("C'est pas par là, c'est par ici!" ) right before a blackout occurs.  When the lights come back on, the scene starts from the beginning with the Martins reciting the Smiths' lines from the beginning of the play for a while before the curtain closes.

Story
Scene 1

The play opens on Mrs. Smith reciting the events of the night with Mr. Smith. They discuss the death of someone they knew, Bobby Watson. The play then shifts back to reality and they realize that Bobby has been dead for four years. Suddenly they flash back to when he was alive and engaged to a woman who was also called Bobby Watson. Then they shift back to reality where they realize that he has left behind two children and they are gossiping about whom his wife will remarry. Allegedly she is going to name another relative by the same name, but being that they all have the same name and work in the same industry the Smiths have a difficult time figuring out who is who.

Scene 2

Their maid, Mary enters, announcing that the Martins have arrived. The Smiths leave.

Scene 3

The Martins enter, and Mary chides them for being late; then she exits.

Scene 4
After entering the room, the Martins realize that they have met each other before. They are surprised to find that they are both from the city of Manchester, that they both took the same train to London, that they both traveled second class, that they both reside at No. 19 Bromfield Street, that they sleep in the same bed, and that they both have a two-year-old daughter named Alice with one red eye and one white eye. They come to the conclusion that they are husband and wife. They recognize each other and embrace.

Scene 5
Mary is on stage with the Martins, who are asleep. She tells the audience that the two are mistaken, that they are not husband and wife, but that, never mind, things should be left just as they are.

Scene 6

The Martins, alone, agree that now that they've found each other, they should just live as they had before.

Scene 7

When the Smiths return they talk about and with their guests. The doorbell rings and Mr. Smith goes to open the door.

Scene 8
The Fire Chief enters. He's disappointed to find no fire at the Smiths', but they promise that they'll call him if one occurs. While they wait for something to happen they tell telling stories, none of which make sense.

Scene 9
Mary enters and tells her own story, in which she reveals that she is the lover of the Fire Chief. The Smiths then push her out of the room

Scene 10
The Fire Chief leaves.

Scene 11
The Martins and the Smiths recite nonsensical truisms. Then all sense of language dissipates as the two couples quarrel, but no one is able to communicate and none of their issues are resolved. As they argue the lights fade; when they rise again, the Martins are in the Smiths' living room, repeating the same lines with which the Smiths opened the play.

Meaning
Like many plays in the theatre of the absurd genre, the underlying theme of The Bald Soprano is not immediately apparent. Many suggest that it expresses the futility of meaningful communication in modern society. The script is charged with non sequiturs that give the impression that the characters are not even listening to each other in their frantic efforts to make their own voices heard. There was speculation that it was parody around the time of its first performance, but Ionesco states in an essay written to his critics that he had no intention of parody, but if he were parodying anything, it would be everything.

The Bald Soprano appears to have been written as a continuous loop. The final scene contains stage instructions to start the performance over from the very beginning, with the Martin couple substituted for the Smith couple and vice versa. However, this decision was only added in after the show's hundredth performance, and it was originally the Smiths who restarted the show, in exactly the same manner as before.

According to Ionesco, he had several possible endings in mind, including a climax in which the "author" or "manager" antagonizes the audience, and even a version in which the audience is shot with machine guns. However, he ultimately settled for a cheaper solution, the cycle.  Ionesco told  in an interview, "I wanted to give a meaning to the play by having it begin all over again with two characters.  In this way the end becomes a new beginning but, since there are two couples in the play, it begins the first time with the Smiths and the second time with the Martins, to suggest the interchangeable nature of the characters: the Smiths are the Martins and the Martins are the Smiths".

See also
Le Monde 100 Books of the Century
EText in English| available from Paolo Landi

References

Plays by Eugène Ionesco
French plays
Theatre of the Absurd
1950 plays
1950s debut plays
One-act plays

The Bald Soprano


Upstairs er en kortfilm instrueret af Jesper Maintz efter manuskript af Jesper Maintz, Jacob Weinreich.

Handling
Jonas har ondt i forholdet og føler sig trængt op i en krog af sin altid småspisende og storsnakkende kæreste. Panisk gør han forholdet forbi og flytter ind i en skodlejlighed for at dyrke cigaretter, øl og fisse med sine barvenner. Overboen, det store brød Frank, er ikke bleg for at dele ud af sin selvbestaltede ekspertise i kvinder og forhold, og den kække kioskejer fremviser gerne bagkataloget over sine mange scoringer, som han gemmer i sin iPhone. Rie spøger dog stadig, også rent bogstaveligt, og Jonas indser snart, at ikke alt kan drikkes væk - specielt ikke den overrumplende tilværelse som single.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2011

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Upstairs


Jasmine Paolini (pronúncia italiana: [dʒaˈzmim paoˈliːni]; nascida em 4 de janeiro de 1996) é uma tenista italiana. Ela alcançou a classificação WTA mais alta de sua carreira, no 44º lugar em simples e 122º em duplas. Paolini conquistou um título de simples (no Aberto da Eslovênia de 2021) e um título de duplas no WTA Tour. Ela também ganhou um título de simples no WTA Challenger Tour junto com oito títulos de simples e um título de duplas no Circuito ITF.

Vida pessoal
Paolini nasceu de pai italiano e mãe descendente de ganenses e poloneses.

Carreira profissional

2015: estreia no WTA Tour
Paolini recebeu um "wild card" na chave principal do torneio de duplas no Aberto da Itália, em parceria com .

2018: Primeira vitória no WTA
Depois de não conseguir se classificar para o Australian Open, Paolini se juntou à seleção italiana na Fed Cup em duas ocasiões.

Em 1º de maio de 2018, no Aberto de Praga, ela venceu sua primeira partida como uma "lucky loser" sobre uma jogadora do top 20 ao vencer Daria Kasatkina e, no dia seguinte, derrotou Anna Karolína Schmiedlová.

2021: Primeiros títulos de simples e duplas do WTA, estreia nas Olimpíadas e no top 100, terceira rodada do WTA 1000
Entrando no US Open sem ser uma das cabeças de chave, Paolini derrotou Yaroslava Shvedova na primeira rodada em sets diretos, mas depois caiu para a 18ª cabeça de chave Victoria Azarenka.

Ela conquistou seus primeiros títulos em duplas e simples, respectivamente, no Hamburg European Open em julho e no Aberto da Eslovênia em Portoroz em setembro, derrotando três cabeças de chave no caminho. Como resultado, ela subiu no ranking para a 64ª posição mundial, em 20 de setembro de 2021.

Em outubro, ela alcançou pela primeira vez a terceira rodada de um torneio WTA 1000 no Indian Wells Open como uma "lucky loser", onde derrotou a 14ª cabeça de chave Elise Mertens na segunda rodada.

2022: estreia no Top 50, segunda terceira rodada consecutiva em Indian Wells, primeira vitória no top 10
Ela repetiu o feito no Indian Wells Open alcançando novamente a terceira rodada derrotando a segunda cabeça de chave Aryna Sabalenka pela primeira vitória entre as 10 primeiras em sua carreira. Como resultado, ela entrou nos torneios WTA 1000 em Madri e em Roma diretamente na chave principal.

2023: Segundo título WTA Challenger
Em maio, Paolini entrou diretamente na chave principal do Aberto da Itália, onde venceu  em três sets na primeira rodada e perdeu para a número 6 do mundo e sétima cabeça de chave Elena Rybakina na segunda em sets diretos. Em seguida, ela ganhou o Firenze Ladies Open em Florença com uma vitória sobre Taylor Townsend. Em Roland Garros, ela venceu Sorana Cirstea em três sets na primeira rodada e perdeu para Olga Danilovic na segunda em sets diretos. Em junho, ela chegou à final do Makarska Open onde perdeu para Mayar Sherif em três sets num jogo duro.

A temporada em quadras de grama foi discreta, em Birmingham, perdeu na primeira rodada para Magda Linette em três sets; em Eastbourne, ela passou por duas jogadoras da casa na qualificatória mas perdeu na primeira rodada da chave principal para a cabeça de chave n° 4 Ons Jabeur; e em Wimbledon foi derrotada na primeira rodada por Petra Kvitova.

De volta às quadras de saibro, Paolini fez uma boa campanha no Palermo Ladies Open, onde venceu Arantxa Rus na primeira rodada, Dayana Yastremska nas oitavas e Daria Kasatkina nas quartas, todos jogos de três sets. Na semifinal derrotou Sara Sorribes Tormo em sets diretos e perdeu a final para a cabeça de chave n° 2 Zheng Qinwen em três sets.

Em seguida, Paolini voltou às quadras duras na América do norte, primeiro no Aberto do Canadá, no qual chegou à terceira rodada onde perdeu para Jessica Pegula em sets diretos. No torneio seguinte em Cincinnati, ela chegou às quartas de final, onde perdeu para Coco Gauff em sets diretos. Depois disso, teve participações discretas em Cleveland, segunda rodada; no US Open, primeira rodada; em San Diego, primeira rodada e Guadalajara, segunda rodada.

A performance de Paolini melhorou bastante na temporada asiática. No Aberto da China ela derrotou a décima quinta cabeça de chave, Beatriz Haddad Maia na primeira rodada em jogo de três sets,  na segunda, também em jogo de três sets e nas oitavas de final, fez um jogo duro contra a cabeça de chave número um Aryna Sabalenka, apesar de ter perdido em dois sets. Na sequência ela chegou à semifinal do Zhengzhou Open a qual perdeu para a eventual campeã Zheng Qinwen em sets diretos.

Depois disso, o próximo compromisso de Paolini foi em Monastir na Tunísia, onde manteve o bom desempenho, chegando à final do torneio que acabou perdendo para Elise Mertens em sets diretos.

Ligações externas

Tenistas da Itália
Naturais de Castelnuovo di Garfagnana
Italianos de ascendência polaca
Italianos de ascendência ganesa

Jasmine Paolini


Brødre er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1996 instrueret af Jørgen Vestergaard efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Hans og Laurids Christensen bor i en gammel gård på Holmsland Klit mellem Ringkøbing Fjord og Vesterhavet. Familien har været strandfogeder i ni generationer, har dyrket den magre jord og fisket på havet og i fjorden. "Brødre" er et dokumentarisk billeddigt, der uden kommentarer eller dialog beskriver de to brødres stilfærdige og traditionsrige liv. Filmen er lavet i forbindelse med "Fjordfiskerne", også af Jørgen Vestergaard.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1996

Brødre (dokumentarfilm)


Blender, özgür ve açık kaynak kodlu bir üç boyutlu modelleme ve canlandırma uygulamasıdır. Blender ile animasyon, görsel efekt, üç boyutlu model, Sanal gerçeklik modelleri üretiminde kullanılır.  Blender programı ile 3D modelleme, UV haritalandırma, dokulandırma(texturing) , dijital çizim, fotoğraf düzenleme, kemiklendirme(Rigging), sıvı ve gaz simüle etme, Parçacık simüle etme, Yumuşak madde simüle etme, 3D çizim, animasyon yapma ve düzenleme, dijital kopya işleme(render), video düzenleme yapılabilmektedir.

Tarih
Blender tasarısı, 1998'de Hollanda'da kurulan Neo Geo adlı canlandırma stüdyosunun, kendi kadrosuyla
yazılım geliştirerek kendi üretim araçlarına sahip olmayı hedeflemesiyle başlamıştır. Blender, bu dönemde kapalı kaynak kodlu ve ücretli bir yazılımdır.

Yazılımın haklarını elinde tutan NaN, 2002 yılında batar. Yazılımın haklarını elinde tutan NaN, Blender'ın haklarını belli bir tutar karşılığında açabileceğini açıklayınca, o yıl kurulan Blender Vakfı, o güne dek yazılmış olan kodların kamuya açılması için bir bağış kampanyası başlatır. Özgür yazılım dünyasında ses getiren kampanyada toplanan 100.000 avro karşılığında Blender'ın tüm kodlarını GNU Genel Kamu Lisansı ile özgürleştirerek kamuya açar.

Özgürleştirildikten sonra, sahip olduğu Python API'si ve içinde gömülü çalışan oyun motoru ile Blender, birçok yazılım geliştiricisinin ilgisini çeker ve geliştirilmesi oldukça hızlanır. Blender günümüzde Blender Vakfı'nın bağışçıları ve sponsorları tarafından finanse edilmekte ve Blender Enstitüsü'nde iki yarı zamanlı, iki tam zamanlı çalışan topluluklar tarafından geliştirilmektedir. Blender, bilinen ve yaygın olarak kullanılan 3 boyutlu modelleme/tasarım yazılımlarından biridir.

Blender tek başına, ilk olarak Cuma ya da bir başka gün adlı 35mm. filmin görsel efektleri için kullanılmıştır. Bu film Locarno Film Festivalinde en iyi görsel efekt ödülü almış, daha sonra Örümcek Adam 2 filminde de kullanılmıştır. Blender Studio hala Blender kullanarak kısa film yapmaya devam etmektedir.

Teknoloji gösterisi amaçlı olarak ve yazılımın yeni tasarılarda kullanılabilmesini yaygınlaştırmak amacıyla Montevideo Medya Sanatları Enstitüsü tarafından organize edilen bir tasarıda Elephants Dream adlı 3 boyutlu bir filmin üretilmesinde kullanılmış, daha sonra bu film özgür yazılım felsefesine uygun olarak kaynak kodları açık olarak dağıtılarak bir ilk gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Aynı zamanda Adobe Flash tabanlı ünlü 3D motoru Papervision3d desteği de vermektedir. Blender, 2015 yılından itibaren artık Steam platformunda, 2018 yılından itibaren Microsoft Store platformunda indirilebilir durumdadır.

2.75 sürümüyle birlikte Blender'da GPU temelli render alma işlerinde kullanılan Cycles Render motoru AMD GPU'lara da deneysel olarak destek vermeye başladı.

2.80 sürümüne kadar dahili olarak bir oyun motoru (Blender Game Engine) barındırıyordu. 2.80 sürümü ile içerdiği Blender Game Engine çıkarılmıştır. Aynı güncelleme ile birlikte büyük bir kullanıcı arayüzü değişikliği yaşandı ve EEVEE Render motoru eklendi.

Blender vakfı tarafından açık kaynak olarak yayınlanan başlıca kısa filmler

 Elephants Dream 2006
 Big Buck Bunny 2008
 Sintel 2010
 Tears of Steel  2012 (VFX)
 Caminandes 1 2013
 Caminandes 2 2013
 Cosmos Laundromat 2015
 Glass Half 2015
 Caminandes 3 2016
 Agent 327: Operation Barbershop 2017
 The Daily Dweebs 2017
 HERO 2018 (2D)
 Spring 2019
 Coffee Run 2020 (2D)
 Sprite Fright 2021
 CHARGE 2022

Blender vakfı tarafından açık kaynak olarak yayınlanan oyunlar

 Yo Frankie! 2008

Dış bağlantılar

Türkçe
 UbuntuWiki'de Blender maddeleri

İngilizce
 Blender resmi sitesi
 Blender Wiki
 Blender Steam Sayfası
 BlenderNation (Blender haber sitesi)
 BlenderArt Magazine

Kaynakça

Blender Open Projects

Blender

Özgür yazılım
Grafik tasarım yazılımları
Animasyon yazılımları
Üç boyutlu bilgisayar grafikleri
IRIX yazılımları
Üç boyutlu animasyon yazılımları

Blender (yazılım)


Connecticut (), Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ne bağlı bir eyalettir. Eyalet, 12.997 km²'lik alanıyla ABD'deki 50 eyalet arasında büyüklük olarak 48. sırayı almaktadır. ABD'nin kuzeydoğusunda Yeni İngiltere (New England) bölgesindedir. Amerikan Bağımsızlık Savaşında İngiltere'ye karşı mücadele eden On Üç Koloniden biridir.

Connecticut eyaletinin başlıca şehirleri: Bridgeport, Hartford (başkent), New Haven, West Haven ve Waterbury'dir. Bölgenin nüfusu ise 3,3 milyon civarındadır.

Coğrafya

Eyaletin 5 ana bölgesi: Taconic Section, Central Valley, Western Northeast Upland, Eastern Northeast Upland ve Coastal Plain bölgeleridir.

Taconic Section, eyaletin kuzey kesimlerinde Taconic dağlarının da bulunduğu bölgenin ismidir.

Western Northeast Upland, ormanlık ve kayalıklardan oluşmuş bir bölgedir.

Central Valley, düzlük alanlar ve küçük tepelerden oluşmaktadır.

Eastern Northeast Upland ise, küçük tepecikler, dar vadiler ve engebeli arazilerin bulunduğu bir bölgedir.

Long Island Sound bölgesine sınırı olan Coastal Plain (kıyı şeridi) dar bir alandır ve bu bölgede koy, liman ve kumsallıklar bulunmaktadır. Connecticut nehri, Kuzeydoğudaki en uzun nehirdir ve eyaletin merkez bölgesinden geçmektedir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Connecticut'ta eşcinsel evlilik

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Eyaletin resmi web sitesi

Connecticut


An Juncus monanthos in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin. An Juncus monanthos in nahilalakip ha genus nga Juncus, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Juncus

Juncus monanthos


Une vertébrectomie ou corporectomie est une intervention chirurgicale consistant à retirer tout ou une partie du corps vertébral (latin : corpus vertebrae, d'où le nom de corporectomie) dans le but de décompresser la moelle épinière et les nerfs.

Références

Ablation chirurgicale
Neurochirurgie

Vertébrectomie


Sylver are a Belgian Eurodance and pop group, which originally consists of lead vocalist Silvy De Bie (born 4 January 1981) and keyboardist/songwriter Wout Van Dessel (born 19 October 1974). They were active between 2000 until 2014, when De Bie decided to focus on her solo career, but returned in 2016.

History

2000-02: Career beginnings and "Chances"

The band was formed in the year 2000 as "Liquid feat. Silvy" and released in France and Belgium the single "Turn the Tide" and in the rest of Europe it was released in 2001 under the "Sylver" band name. In Germany, the single immediately moved to number 8 in the charts, and within 8 weeks was number 2 (under Atomic Kitten's "Whole Again"), staying in the top 10 for 12 weeks. The debut album "Chances" debuted a month later at 16 and spent 49 weeks in the top 100, which is Sylver's most successful studio album to date. Follow-up singles "Forever In Love", "In Your Eyes" and "Forgiven" also made the charts. In 2001 "Skin" was only released in Belgium, while in 2002 "The Smile Has Left Your Eyes" has been released as the sixth and final single only in Spain, where it peaked at number 5.

2003-05: "Little Things" and "Nighttime Calls"
In 2003, the second album Little Things was released with a similar success peaking at number 7 in the Belgian album charts, with the hit singles "Livin' My Life" and "Why Worry". More singles out of the album have been the double A-Side "Shallow Water"/"Confused" and the fourth and final single "Wild Horses" released in Belgium and Germany in 2003 with limited success. On 2 November 2004 the third studio album Nighttime Calls was released; it became Sylver's least successful studio album to date peaking only at number 23 in the Belgian album charts. The first single "Love is an Angel" of the album hit the Belgian top 10 immediately upon its release on 20 September. In 2005, the follow-up singles "Make It" and "Take Me Back" were released, being moderate hits in Belgium and Germany respectively.

2006-07: "Crossroads" and "The Hit Collection"
The fourth studio album Crossroads was released in May 2006. The major hit is Lay All Your Love On Me, a cover version from ABBA, which also marks Sylver's first cover version single release ever, peaking at number 5 in the Belgian single charts. From now on in addition to synthesizer and drum machine, Sylver uses guitar, piano, and percussion instruments for a more mature pop sound. Follow-up singles "One Night Stand" and "Why" have been released as second and third releases respectively. In 2007, the first compilation album "Best Of - The Hit Collection 2001-2007" has been released with "The One" being the first and only single release out of it, which peaked at number 4 in the Belgian single charts.

2008-09: "Sacrifice" and Addition of John Miles Jr.
In 2008, the singles "One World, One Dream" and "Rise Again" have been released. In 2009, Sylver included as their third band member the English guitarist John Miles Jr.,  who had earlier been a member of another popular Belgian group, Milk Inc. Three more songs, called "I Hate You Now", the Mike Oldfield cover of "Foreign Affair" and "Music" have been released as a trio, of which the latter was a cover of bandmember John Miles Jr.'s father John Miles, but also features John Miles as an artist. Sylver's fifth studio album Sacrifice was released on 8 May 2009 only in Belgium, where it peaked at number 3 in the album charts.  The album earned the band the TMF award for "Best Domestic Album" in 2009.

2010-12: "Decade" and single releases
In 2010, the second compilation album "Decade - The Very Best Of Sylver" has been released to the band's 10th anniversary with "It's My Life" being the first and only single release out of it. The album peaked at number 1 at the Belgian album charts, being Sylvers most successful album there, while the single still managed to be a top 20 hit in the Belgian single charts. In addition to their 10th anniversary, Sylver released a new version of their very first single "Turn the Tide". In 2011 and in 2012, the singles "Stop Feeling Sorry" and "City Of Angels" have been released as singles only. These two singles mark the final singles to feature original lead vocalist Silvy De Bie (aka Seeley's Girl), who will leave the band after thirteen years in the following year.

2014: Departure of De Bie and hiatus
The group's original lead vocalist Silvy De Bie left the band in early 2014, leaving the band without a vocalist and an uncertain future, which forces the band on a temporary hiatus.

2016 Return
In the spring of 2016 the band officially announced their reunion, and has already started to write new material.

In 2017, they released their single "Turn Your Love Around".  In October 2019, Sylver released their single "I Won't Wait".

In October 2019, Sylver announced their "Sylver Lining Tour 2020" with full live-band to celebrate their 20-year anniversary, which will kick-off in Concertzaal Casino in Sint-Niklaas, Belgium on 20 March 2020 .

Discography

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Singles

References

External links

 Official website

Belgian trance music groups
Belgian Eurodance groups
Belgian house music groups

Sylver


Bangarang (pronunciado  en inglés estadounidense) es el cuarto extended play del productor y disc-jockey estadounidense Skrillex, lanzado el 27 de diciembre de 2011 bajo los sellos discográficos OWSLA, Big Beat Records y Atlantic Records. El EP posee 7 canciones originales del artista y cuenta con las colaboraciones de Sirah, Ray Manzarek y Robby Krieger —integrantes de la banda The Doors—, Wolfgang Gartner, 12th Planet, Kill the Noise y Ellie Goulding. La versión de Apple Music además, contó con la canción «Skrillex Orchestral Suite» realizada por el músico estadounidense Varien. Este bonus track era una mezcla de las canciones «Scary Monsters And Nice Sprites», «With You, Friends», «First of the Year (Equinox)» y «All I Ask Of You» en versión orquestal.

El nombre del extended play proviene de la película Hook —dirigida por Steven Spielberg y protagonizada por Robin Williams—, del año 1991. En dicho largometraje, "Bangarang" es el grito de guerra de los niños perdidos. Este fue el segundo extended play de Skrillex lanzado en 2011. Unos meses antes, el 7 de junio lanzó su tercer EP titulado More Monsters and Sprites, siendo este su primer extended play en ese año. En los Premios Grammy de 2013, Bangarang ganó en la categoría premio Grammy al mejor álbum de dance/electrónica.

Historia

Portada
La portada de Bangarang sigue el estilo visual de sus anteriores extended plays. El cover art, sobre una pared blanca, tiene el logotipo de Skrillex —utilizado de manera oficial por el artista desde la salida de My Name Is Skrillex, un año antes— escrito en rojo, mientras que debajo de este tiene escrito el nombre del álbum. Sobre toda esta composición, hay un cristal roto siendo reflejado por una luz potente. Esta portada fue diseñada por el español David de Juan Navarro —más conocido como Roboto—.

Lanzamiento

El EP Bangarang fue publicado el 23 de diciembre de 2011, coincidiendo con el lanzamiento del videoclip de «Ruffneck (FULL Flex)». Este fue el primer extended play de Moore lanzado bajo su sello discográfico OWSLA —creado en agosto de ese mismo año—, que contó con un contrato de distribución con Atlantic Records y Big Beat Records. En su salida, Bangarang gozó de un gran éxito comercial, consiguiendo entrar en varias listas musicales, tales como la Billboard 200.

La canción «Bangarang», hecha en colaboración con Sirah, fue publicada en YouTube el 24 de diciembre de ese año y consiguió 48 000 visitas en 2 días, número que aumentó a 16 300 000 para principios de abril de 2012. Por otro lado, la canción «Kyoto», hecha también en colaboración con Mitchell, consiguió 22 000 visitas en 2 días, número que aumentó a 13 300 000 para principios de abril del siguiente año. «Bangarang» hizo aparición en Deadpool 2, película estrenada el 10 de mayo de 2018.

Recepción

Ventas y certificaciones

Listado de canciones
 Edición estándar

 Bonus track de Apple Music

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 "Bangarang" en Discogs (en inglés)

EP de 2011
EP de Skrillex
Álbumes de música electrónica
Álbumes de moombahton
Álbumes certificados de platino por la Australian Recording Industry Association
Álbumes certificados de platino por la Canadian Recording Industry Association
Álbumes certificados de oro por la British Phonographic Industry
Álbumes en inglés

Bangarang


Metoda Monte Carlo (ili Monte Carlo eksperimenti) predstavlja široku skupinu računalnih algoritama, koji se temelje na ponavljanju slučajnog uzorkovanja za dobivanje numeričkih rezultata. Njihova osnovna ideja je da se uz pomoć slučajnih događaja rješavaju problemi koji mogu biti deterministički. Oni se često koriste rješavanju u fizičkih i matematičkih problema, te su najkorisniji kada je teško ili nemoguće koristiti i druge pristupe. Monte Carlo metode primjenjuju se uglavnom u tri različite klase problema: optimizaciji, numeričkoj integraciji i generiranju izvoda iz raspodjele vjerojatnosti.

U medicinskoj fizici primjenjuju se za teorijsku provjeru eksperimentalnih podataka, a najpoznatiji softverski paketi koji računaju Metodom Monte Calo su Geant (Gate),  MCNP, BEAMrc, Fluka...

Izvori

Matematika
Računarstvo
Fizika

Monte Carlo metoda


Die Wasserball-Europameisterschaft 2001 wurde vom 15. Juni bis zum 24. Juni in Budapest, der Hauptstadt von Ungarn ausgetragen.
Bei den Männern spielten 12 Teams, bei den Damen 8 Teams um den Europameistertitel. Gewinner bei den Turnierteilnehmern der Männer war Jugoslawien und bei den Damen Gastgeber Ungarn.

Turnierteilnehmer Männer

Gruppe A

Gruppe B

Platzierungsspiele um Platz 9 bis 12

Spiel um Platz 11
Hier spielten die beiden Gruppenletzten aus den zwei Gruppen.

Spiel um Platz 9
Dieses Spiel trugen die jeweils Fünften aus den zwei Gruppen gegeneinander aus.

Viertelfinale
Das Viertelfinale wurde von den vier besten Teams aus jeder Gruppe ausgetragen.

Die Gewinner der Begegnungen qualifizierten sich für das Halbfinale. Die Verlierer spielten um Platz fünf bis acht.

Platzierungsspiele um Platz 5 bis 8

Vorspiele
Vor den Platzierungsspielen wurden noch die Begegnungen ausgespielt.
Hier spielten ein Verlierer aus dem Viertelfinale gegen einen anderen Verlierer aus dem Viertelfinale.

Spiel um Platz 7

Spiel um Platz 5

Halbfinale
Dies wurde von den Gewinnern der Viertelfinals ausgetragen.

Spiel um Platz drei

Finale

Endergebnis

Turnierteilnehmer Frauen

Gruppe A

Gruppe B

Spiel um Platz 7
Hier spielten die Gruppenletzten aus den zwei Gruppen.

Viertelfinale
Dies wurde von den Gruppenzweiten und -dritten ausgetragen. Die jeweils Gruppenersten qualifizierten sich direkt fürs Halbfinale.

Die Gewinner der Begegnungen qualifizierten sich für das Halbfinale. Die Verlierer spielten um Platz fünf.

Spiel um Platz fünf

Halbfinale
Dies wurde von den Gewinnern der Viertelfinals sowie von den beiden Gruppenersten ausgetragen.

Spiel um Platz drei

Finale

Endergebnis

Weblinks
 Ligue Européenne de Natation (Hrsg.): European Water Polo Championships: Past and Present Results (S. 41–42, 72).

2001
Sportveranstaltung 2001
Sportveranstaltung in Budapest
Europameisterschaft 2001

Wasserball-Europameisterschaft 2001


Liviu Teodorescu (n. 12 iulie 1992, București) este un cântăreț, compozitor și actor român, devenit cunoscut în urma participării la emisiunea-concurs Vocea României.

Copilăria
Liviu Teodorescu s-a născut pe 12 iulie 1992, în București, fiul lui Mircea Teodorescu. În 2006, Teodorescu a participat la Eurovision-ul copiilor, unde a făcut parte din grupul "Numai cu acordul minunilor". În 2011 a absolvit Colegiul Național "Gheorghe Șincai" din București și a fost admis la Conservator, secția Compoziție muzică ușoară.

Cariera
În 2011, Teodorescu a participat în primul sezon al emisiunii Vocea României, unde a fost în echipa lui Marius Moga.

După participarea la Vocea României, în martie 2012, Teodorescu a fost invitat să joace în serialul Pariu cu viața, unde a interpretat propriul rol, intrând totodată și în trupa Lala Band. În aprilie 2012, Teodorescu a compus piesa "Little bit of love" special pentru serialul de la Pro TV.

În 2013, Teodorescu a părăsit Lala Band. După plecarea din trupă, Teodorescu a lansat melodia, "Ești piesă", care s-a bucurat de un mare succes în rândul fanilor. Aceasta a fost compusă de Marius Moga și produsă în studioul deMoga Music  Mai târziu, Teodorescu a colaborat cu Andra pentru piesa "Așa e dragostea". Tot în 2014, artistul a lansat și single-ul "Un loc în viața ta" marca deMoga Music, iar videoclipul, în regia lui Iulian Moga

În 2015, Teodorescu a colaborat cu Robert Toma și Adda pentru piesa "Tot ce-a mai rămas". După această colaborare, Teodorescu a lansat două piese: "În brațele tale", cu care a intrat în Top 5 pe Youtube, la doar câteva zile după lansare și "Târziu".

În 2016, Teodorescu a câștigat cel de-al nouălea sezon al emisiunii-concurs Te cunosc de undeva!
Tot în acest an, artistul a lansat piesele "Dor de ea", "Gelos" și "Cine m-a pus". Teodorescu a colaborat cu fratele acestuia, Matei Teodorescu și cu Adda pentru piesa "Matematica iubirii" dar și cu Sore pentru piesa "Adu-mi aminte să te uit", compusă în studiourile HaHaHa Production. Textul piesei a fost scris de Sore, Teodorescu și Robert Toma.

În 2017, Teodorescu, împreună cu dansatoarea profesionistă Marica Derdene, s-a clasat pe podium în cadrul emisiunii-concurs Uite cine dansează!.

Discografie

 LiTEmoments (2017)
 LiTEmoments vol.2 (2018)
 Lista de păcate (2019)
 LiTEmoments vol.3 (2020)
LiTEmoments vol.4 (2021)
LiTEmoments vol.5 (2022)

Ca artist principal

Ca artist secundar

Note

Nașteri în 1992
Nașteri pe 12 iulie
Cântăreți români
Vocea României
Români în viață
Bucureșteni

Liviu Teodorescu


Schwarz Stein is a Japanese visual kei electronic music duo formed by Hora (洞) and Kaya (迦夜) in 2001 (as "Rudolf Steiner"), who disbanded in 2004 and regrouped in 2014.

Biography

History
During its first three years of activity, the group consisted of Kaya on vocals (ex-Isola) and Hora (ex-Velvet Eden) as keyboardist and programmer. The two originally worked together under the alias Rudolf Steiner until their signing to ex-Malice Mizer guitarist Mana's record label Midi:Nette. Upon their 're-formation', Mana discarded the name Rudolf Steiner and christened the duo "Schwarz Stein" (pseudo-German for "Black Stone").

Prior to their name change, two demo tapes (Queen of Decadence and Perfect Garden) had been released. A re-worked version of Perfect Garden was later created as their Midi:Nette debut single. Schwarz Stein went on to release their first full album New Vogue Children in June 2003, the single Current in November of the same year, and then their final album Artificial Hallucination in February 2004. They opened for Moi dix Mois on several occasions, played at various events, and also made a number solo appearances as well.

Following their last performance on March 29, 2004, Schwarz Stein officially disbanded due to creative differences between its two members. The band was briefly reunited for the "Dis Inferno III: Last Year Party" event on December 15, 2004, hosted by their former label Midi:Nette.

A collaboration CD, another cell, was released in April 2006, limited to 1000 copies and only available for order through Kaya's official site. This limited edition CD features re-mixed/re-worked versions of Rudolf Steiner's "Kuro Ageha" as well as two songs from Hora's first CD Inner Universe, making up three of the eight total tracks.

In April 2011, both members announced on their respective web sites that Schwarz Stein would reunite for a single show on July 31 at Takadanobaba Area, to celebrate their 10th anniversary of working together. Tickets were also made available to overseas fans via CD Japan. A new mini-album, Recurrence of Hallucination, was also announced. After the live DVD of the show was released entitled Recurrence of Hallucination -LIVE- via Hora's website

In February 2014, at his final Gothic Elements tour concert in Shibuya, Kaya announced Schwarz Stein would regroup, with their first live performance and a new single in March.

Members
 Kaya - Vocals, lyrics
 Hora - Keyboards, programming

Discography

as Rudolf Steiner
 Queen of Decadence (Demo) (June 1, 2001)
 Perfect Garden (Demo) (November 12, 2001)

as Schwarz Stein

Singles
 Perfect Garden (Single) - (July 31, 2002)
 Current (Single) - (November 17, 2003)
 Gebet (Single) - (March 26, 2014)
 COCOON -Fallen- (Single) - (July 2, 2014)
 Sleeping Madness (Single) - (November 5, 2014)
 Fleeting Beauty (Single) - (February 26, 2017)
Ever After (Single) - (May 11, 2019)
Queen Leech (Single) - (July 20, 2019)

Albums
 New vogue children - (June 30, 2003)
 Artificial Hallucination - (February 25, 2004)
 Recurrence of Hallucination - (July 20, 2011) [limited to 1000 copies]
THE BEST (LICHT) - (November 15, 2017)
THE BEST (DUNKELHEIT) - (November 15, 2017)
Immortal Verses (Mini Album) - (September 1, 2018)

DVD
 Recurrence of Hallucination -LIVE- (24 December 2011) (Limited to 1000 copies)

as another cell
 another cell (April 1, 2006) [limited to 1000 copies]

References

External links
 Hora's homepage
 Kaya's homepage
 Schwarz Stein

Electronic music duos
Japanese electronic music groups
Japanese dark wave musical groups
Visual kei musical groups

Schwarz Stein


Alfons Sampsted (fæddur 6. apríl 1998) er íslenskur knattspyrnumaður sem spilar sem varnarmaður fyrir hollenska liðið FC Twente og íslenska karlalandsliðið í knattspyrnu. Alfons hóf ferilinn með Breiðabliki. Hann vann norsku deildinu Eliteserien árin 2020 og þegar Bodø/Glimt vann sína fyrstu úrvalsdeildartitla.

Alfons á flesta leiki með U-21 landsliði Íslands eða 30 leiki. Hann byrjaði leikinn gegn Þjóðverjum í aðallandsliðinu í mars 2021 þegar Birkir Már Sævarsson tók út bann.

Íslenskir knattspyrnumenn
Fólk fætt árið 1998

Alfons Sampsted


Disruptionrådet eller Partnerskabet for Danmarks fremtid, var et råd nedsat af regeringen i 2017.

Formålet er, frem til udgangen af 2018, at  drøfte, analysere og komme med forslag til, hvordan danske virksomheder og danskerne er godt rustet til fremtiden og fremtidens arbejdsmarked.

Statsministeren er formand for Disruptionrådet der består af syv ministre, finansministeren, erhvervsministeren, beskæftigelsesministeren, økonomi- og indenrigsministeren, uddannelses- og forskningsministeren, undervisningsministeren og innovationsministeren. Derudover har udenrigsministeren og justitsministeren mulighed for at deltage i arbejdet.

Desuden er der 32 faste medlemmer fra virksomheder, arbejdsmarkedets parter, eksperter samt en repræsentant for de unge i Danmark.

Den 7. februar 2019 blev det sidste planlagte møde afholdt. Herefter meddelte regeringen at rådet ville fortsætte, dog kun med ét årligt møde. Indtil da havde rådet kostet staten i omegnen af tre millioner kr.

Faste medlemmer
 André Rogaczewski, CEO og partner hos Netcompany
 Astrid Simonsen Joos, CEO i Philips Lighting Nordics
 Bente Sorgenfrey, formand for FTF
 Birgit Aaby, iværksætter og indehaver af Combi Service
 Brian Mikkelsen, adm. direktør i Dansk Erhverv
 Caroline Søeborg Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille, erhvervskvinde og bestyrelsesmedlem af COOP
 Carsten Stendevad, Senior fellow hos Bridgewater Associates
 Christiane Vejlø, digital trendanalytiker og CEO hos Elektronista Media
 Claus Jensen, formand for Dansk Metal
 Esben Østergaard, CTO i Universal Robots
 Gregers Wedell-Wedellsborg, koncerndirektør i COOP Danmark
 Hella Joof, filminstruktør, skuespiller og komiker
 Jacob Holbraad, adm. direktør i Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening
 Jais Valeur, Group CEO i Danish Crown
 Jan Damsgaard, professor ved Institut for Digitalisering, Copenhagen Business School
 Jan Grimstrup, tillidsmand hos KP Komponenter
 Jens Klarskov, adm. direktør i Dansk Erhverv
 Jørgen Vig Knudstorp, Executive Chairman hos LEGO Brand Group
 Karsten Dybvad, adm. direktør i Dansk Industri
 Kasper Sand Kjær, formand for Dansk Ungdoms Fællesråd (DUF)
 Kigge Hvid, CEO i INDEX: Design to Improve Life
 Kim Simonsen, formand for HK
 Lizette Risgaard, formand for LO
 Marianne Steensen, CEO i Microsoft Danmark og Island
 Niels B. Christiansen,  CEO i LEGO Group
 Per Christensen, formand for 3F
 Pernille Erenbjerg, adm. direktør i TDC
 Philipp Schröder, professor ved Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet
 Stina Vrang Elias, adm. direktør i DEA
 Søren Skou, Group CEO i A.P. Møller Mærsk A/S
 Thomas F. Borgen, adm. direktør i Danske Bank
 Vibeke Svendsen, adm. direktør og partner hos Envotherm

Referencer

Danske råd
Etableret i 2017

Disruptionrådet


A Batalha de Ondurmã ou Batalha de Omdurman foi travada durante a conquista anglo-egípcia do Sudão entre uma força expedicionária anglo-egípcia comandada pelo comandante-em-chefe britânico major-general Horatio Herbert Kitchener e um exército sudanês do Estado Islâmico Mahdista, liderado por Abdullah al-Taashi, o sucessor do autoproclamado Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad. A batalha ocorreu em 2 de setembro de 1898, em Kerreri, 11 quilômetros ao norte de Omdurman, no Sudão.

Após o estabelecimento do Estado Islâmico Mahdista no Sudão, e a subsequente ameaça ao status quo regional e ao Egito ocupado pelos britânicos, o governo britânico decidiu enviar uma força expedicionária com a tarefa de derrubar o Khalifa. O comandante da força, Sir Herbert Kitchener, também buscava vingança pela morte do General Gordon, morto quando um exército mahdista havia capturado Cartum treze anos antes. Na manhã de 2 de setembro, cerca de 35 000 a 50 000 membros da tribo sudanesa sob Abdullah atacaram as linhas britânicas em uma desastrosa série de acusações; mais tarde naquela manhã, o 21º Lanceiros atacou e derrotou outra força que apareceu no flanco direito britânico. Entre os presentes estava o soldado e repórter de 23 anos Winston Churchill, bem como o jovem capitão Douglas Haig.

A vitória da força anglo-egípcia foi uma demonstração da superioridade de um exército altamente disciplinado, equipado com fuzis modernos, metralhadoras e artilharia sobre uma força com o dobro do seu tamanho armada com armas mais antigas, e marcou o sucesso dos esforços britânicos para recuperar o poder. conquistar o Sudão. Após a Batalha de Umm Diwaykarat um ano depois, as forças mahdistas restantes foram derrotadas e o Sudão Anglo-Egípcio foi estabelecido.

Ligações externas

 Battle of Omdurman relatórios originais do The Times
 Om Der Man! – uma visão geral da batalha pelo War Nerd
 Sudanese honour warriors who fell fighting British – Um relatório da comemoração da batalha, originalmente pela Reuters
 Bennet Burleigh, Khartoum Campaign or the Re-conquest of the Soudan, 1898

Ondurma
Eventos de setembro de 1898
1898 no Sudão
Ondurmã

Batalha de Ondurmã


المقابلة هي محادثة بين شخصين أو أكثر (المحاور والضيف) حيث تطرح الأسئلة من المحاور للحصول على معلومات من الضيف.

أنواع المقابلات

المتصلة بالعمالة

 مقابلة عمل
 مقابلة إعلامية
 مقابلة الخروج
 مقابلة مايكروسوفت
 مقابلة على الإنترنت عبر الكاميرا

أخرى
 مقابلة التعرف
 مقابلة للتحقيق
 مقابلة وهمية
 ميني متعددة مقابلة
 مقابلة الوالدين والمعلمين

الحديث الصحفي
الحديث الصحفي هو حوار يقوم بين الصحفي وشخص ما، وهو حوار قد يستهدف الحصول على اخبار ومعلومات جديدة أو شرح وجهة نظر معينة أو تصوير جوانب غريبة أو طريقة مسلية في حياة هذه الشخصية والحديث الصحفي قد يجري مع شخص واحد وهو الشكل الغالب على الاحاديث الصحفية ولكنه قد يجرى مع عدة أشخاص كما هو الأمر في الاستفتاء الصحفي والحديث الصحفي قد يجريه محرر واحد. وهو الأمر الغالب في الاحاديث الصحفية أيضا ولكن قد يجريه عدة محررين كما هو الشان في المؤتمر الصحفي والحديث الصحفي فن صحفي مستقل بذاته ولكنه هذا لا يمنع من ان يكون أداة للحصول على خبر صحفي أو ان يكون جزء من تحقيق صحفي والحصول على الغالبية العظمى من الاخبار يتمعن طريق المقابلات الصحفية مع مصادر الاخبار ولكن هناك فرق كبير بين إجراء مقابلة للحصول على خبر وبين إجراء مقابلة للحصول على حديث صحفي.

ان الحصول مثلا على خبر عن قانون جديد للإسكان من وزير الإسكان يختلف عن إجراء حديث صحفي وزير الإسكان عن القانون الجديد.ان الخبر يستهدف بالدرجة الأولى الإجابة على سؤال: ماهو قانون الإسكان الجديد؟بينما الحديث الصحفي يستهدف الإجابة على السؤال: لماذا قانون جديد للإسكان؟

و تعريف الحديث الصحفي يمكن أن يتم في بعض الحالات من خلال تحديد أهدافه ووضائفه فهنالك حديث المعلومات والاخبار أو الحديث الخبري وهو حديث يستهدف بالدرجة الأولى الحصول على اخبار أو معلومات أو بيانات جديدة عن وقائع أو احداث أو سياسات أو برامج أو قوانين جديدة مثال ذلك إجراء حديث صحفي مع وزير التموين لشرح وتوضيح السياسة التموينية الجدية للوزارة: أو حديث مع وزير المالية لشرح تفاصيل قانون جديد للضرائب أو حديث مع وزير الإسكان لتوضيح ابعاد ودلالات قانون جديد للإسكان وإلى جانب الحديث الخبري هنالك أيضا حديث الراي وهو حديث يستهدف بالدرجة الأولى استعراض وجهة نظر شخصية ما في قضية أو قضايا معينة تهم القراء وبالإضافة للحديث الخبري وحديث الراي هنالبك أيضا حديث التسلية والإمتاع وهو يستهدف البحث في حياة الشخص الذي يجري معه الحديث

مقابلات شهيرة

 1957-1960 : مقابلة مايك والاس—30 دقيقة من المقابلات التلفزيونية التي أجراها مايك والاس
 1974 : مقابلة مايكل باركنسون مع محمد علي
 1992 : برنامج «لا تهتم انها مقابلة» مع فرقة نيرفانا في عام 1992.
 1993 : مايكل جاكسون يتحدث إلى أوبرا وينفري: أصبح هذا رابع أكبر حدث يشاهد في تاريخ التلفزيون الأميركي بجمهور يتجاوز المائة مليون.
 1993 : مقابلة كعكة عيد ميلاد: مقابلة مع الدكتور جون هيوسون ساهمت في هزيمة حزبه في الانتخابات الفيدرالية الأسترالية، 1993
 2002 - 2003 : العيش مع مايكل جاكسون: 2002-2003 مقابلة مع مايكل جاكسون، تحولت في وقت لاحق إلى فيلم وثائقي
 2003 : مقابلة صدام حسين - فبراير 2003 : دان راذر يقابل صدام حسين قبل أيام من غزو العراق عام 2003

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 قياس الثقة

أنواع البرامج التلفزيونية
استقصاء إحصائي
توظيف
صحافة
مقابلات

مقابلة


Sprengel Museum is a museum of modern art in Hanover, Lower Saxony, holding one of the most significant collections of modern art in Germany. It is located in a building situated adjacent to the Masch Lake () approximately  south of the state museum. The museum opened in , and the building, designed by Peter and Ursula Trint (of Cologne) and Dieter Quast (of Heidelberg), was extended in 1992.

Bernhard Sprengel donated his extensive collection of modern art to the city of Hanover in 1969, as well as financially supporting the construction of the museum.  The city of Hanover and the state of Lower Saxony agreed to operate the museum jointly. In addition to the works donated by Sprengel, the museum also houses 20th century artworks owned by Lower Saxony and Hanover.

Expansion
A further expansion, designed by Zurich-based architects Meili + Peter, was originally planned for 2010 but   The cuboid design of the new building was chosen from 65 entrants in an international architecture competition.  The original plan would have created an extra  of exhibition space, and was expected to cost around €25million, with €10M coming from Lower Saxony's EU funding, €5M directly from Lower Saxony, €5M from the city of Hanover, and €5M expected from donors.  These estimates have since been reduced. A major objective of the expansion is to allow extensive coverage of Niki de Saint Phalle and the Hanoverian artist Kurt Schwitters.  The new building will also be used for one-off international exhibitions.

Works

Besides Schwitters and de Saint Phalle, the Sprengel Museums's key works include those of Max Ernst, Fernand Léger, Paul Klee, Pablo Picasso, Emil Nolde, and Max Beckmann from before 1945.

It also has a monument depicting the crimes of serial killer Fritz Haarmann.

In 1988, the museum inherited the estate of the artists and married couple Robert Michel and Ella Bergmann-Michel.  The museum publishes a printed inventory of this estate, of which two volumes have so far been published.  Since 1993, the Sprengel Museum has contained the Kurt Schwitters Archive, of which the Merz Room is particularly notable.  In 2000, Niki de Saint Phalle became an honorary citizen of Hanover and subsequently donated 300 of her works to the museum.

Restitution of Nazi-looted art
in June 2000, the museum voted to return the Lovis Corinth painting The Walchensee on St John's eve () to the heirs of Gustav Kirstein and his wife Therese Clara Stein, who were persecuted by Nazis because of their Jewish heritage.

References

External links

 Kurt and Ernst Schwitters Foundation

Art museums established in 1979
Museums in Hanover
Art museums and galleries in Germany
Biographical museums in Germany
Modern art museums in Germany
Culture of Lower Saxony
1979 establishments in West Germany

Sprengel Museum


Mini-ITX is a  motherboard form factor developed by VIA Technologies in 2001. Mini-ITX motherboards have been traditionally used in small-configured computer systems. Originally, Mini-ITX was a niche standard designed for fanless cooling with a low power consumption architecture, which made them useful for home theater PC systems, where fan noise can detract from the cinema experience.

The four mounting holes in a Mini-ITX board line up with four of the holes in ATX-specification motherboards, and the locations of the backplate and expansion slot are the same (though one of the holes used was optional in earlier versions of the ATX spec). Mini-ITX boards can therefore often be used in cases designed for ATX, micro-ATX and other ATX variants if desired.

Mini-ITX motherboards have only one expansion slot. Earlier Mini-ITX motherboards had a standard 33 MHz 5V 32-bit PCI slot, whereas newer motherboards use a PCI Express slot.  Many older case designs use riser cards and some even have two-slot riser cards, although the two-slot riser cards are not compatible with all boards. Some boards based around non-x86 processors have a 3.3V PCI slot, and the Mini-ITX 2.0 (2008) boards have a PCI-Express ×16 slot; these boards are not compatible with the standard PCI riser cards supplied with older ITX (Information Technology eXtended) cases.

The HiFive Unmatched RISC-V computer uses a Mini-ITX form factor.

History

In March 2001, the chipset manufacturer VIA Technologies released a reference design for an ITX motherboard, to promote the low power C3 processor they had bought from Centaur Technology, in combination with their chipsets. Designed by Robert Kuo, VIA's chief R&D expert, the 215×191 mm VT6009 ITX Reference Board was demonstrated in "Information PC" and set-top box configurations. At that point, few manufacturers took up the ITX design, but Shuttle, Jetway, etc. produced many ITX based cube computers. Other manufactures instead produced smaller boards based on the very similar 229×191 mm FlexATX configuration.

In October 2001, VIA announced their decision to create a new motherboard division, to provide standardized infrastructure for lower-cost PC iterations, and focus on embedded devices. The result was the November 2001 release of the VT6010 Mini-ITX reference design (again by Robert Kuo), once again touted as an "Information PC", or low cost entry level x86 computing platform. Manufacturers were still reluctant, but customer response was much more receptive, so VIA decided to manufacture and sell the boards themselves. In April 2002 the first Mini-ITX motherboards—VIA's EPIA 5000 (fanless 533 MHz Eden processor) and EPIA 800 (800 MHz C3)—were sold to industrial customers.

Enthusiasts soon noticed the advantages of small size, low noise and power consumption, and started to push the boundaries of case modding into something else—building computers into nearly every object imaginable, and sometimes even creating new cases altogether. Hollowed out vintage computers, humidors, toys, electronics, musical instruments, and even a 1960s-era toaster have become homes to relatively quiet, or even silent Mini-ITX systems, capable of many of the tasks of a modern desktop PC.

Mini-ITX boards primarily appeal to the industrial and embedded PC markets, with the majority sold as bulk components or integrated into a finished system for single-purpose computing applications. They are produced with a much longer sales life-cycle than consumer boards (some of the original EPIAs are still available), a quality that industrial users typically require. Manufacturers can prototype using standard cases and power supplies, then build their own enclosures if volumes get high enough. Typical applications include playing music in supermarkets, powering self-service kiosks, and driving content on digital displays.

VIA continues to expand its Mini-ITX motherboard line. Some earlier generations included the original PL133 chipset boards (dubbed the "Classic" boards), CLE266 chipset boards (adding MPEG-2 acceleration), and CN400 boards (which added MPEG-4 acceleration). Second generation boards featured the EPIA M, MII, CL, PD, TC and MS — all tailored to slightly different markets. Legacy VIA boards use their x86-compatible CPUs — the C3, C7 or low-power Eden variants, with newer boards featuring the VIA Nano CPU, launched in May 2008. Other manufacturers have also produced boards designed around the same layout, using VIA, but also Intel, AMD, Transmeta and PowerPC technology.

Intel introduced a line of Mini-ITX boards for the Atom CPU, which demonstrates a significant increase in processing performance (but without added power consumption) over older VIA C3 and C7 offerings and helps make the design viable for personal computers. Other manufacturers saw the potential of the design, and followed suit, some even not limiting themselves to the Atom, as evidenced by Zotac GeForce 9300-ITX board that supports Core 2 Duo CPUs with FSB frequencies up to 1333 MHz, two separate-channeled 800 MHz memory slots and fully functional PCI Express 2.0 x16 slot that could connect through SLI to the onboard video. This new wave of offerings made Mini-ITX much more popular among home users, hobbyists, and even overclockers.

Intel-based products

Onboard CPU

A number of manufacturers have released Mini-ITX motherboards that feature embedded CPUs, often mobile or low-TDP versions. These processors are designed to draw minimal power resulting in lower TDP ideal for fanless (passively cooled) configurations and embedded applications.

Socketed CPU

Starting from LGA 775, socketed Intel Mini-ITX motherboards have been released by Intel and Zotac. This was followed by LGA 1156 motherboards Starting from LGA 1155, Mini-ITX motherboards have started to become mainstream, with many different manufacturers releasing products. This is partly because almost all Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge Intel Celeron, Pentium and Core series CPUs have integrated processor graphics, eliminating the need for motherboard graphics or discrete graphics cards. This trend continues with LGA 1150, LGA 1151, and LGA 1200 CPUs.

Due to the limitations of the Mini-ITX design, and the physical size of the LGA 2011 socket, Mini-ITX motherboards with the socket only support a single PCI Express expansion slot, and they require using the narrow-ILM version of the LGA 2011 socket. Despite this, manufacturers have released LGA 2011 based Mini-ITX motherboards.

Also, Mini-ITX motherboards with the LGA 2066 socket have been released, with four SODIMM slots.

AMD-based products
A number of manufacturers have released several socketed AMD Mini-ITX motherboards, supporting Socket AM2, Socket AM2+, Socket AM3, Socket FM1, Socket FM2, Socket FM2+, Socket AM1 and Socket AM4 CPUs. Socket AM2+ and AM3 ITX motherboards have integrated motherboard graphics, while discrete graphics or processor integrated graphics are required for other platforms.

Mini-ITX motherboards with integrated AMD CPUs are also released. These motherboards often use mobile CPUs and passive cooling, and feature more powerful integrated graphics compared to their Intel counterparts, which makes them suitable for HTPC.

Transmeta-based products
IBASE made the first Transmeta-based Mini-ITX motherboard, the MB860. The board uses Transmeta Efficeon processors that run at up to 1.2 GHz. It supports SODIMM DDR modules with capacities up to 1 GB. An onboard 16 MB ATI M7 graphics controller supports 3D games and graphical intensive programs. It provides four USB 2.0 ports, a Realtek 8100C 10/100Mbit/s BaseT Ethernet and an optional 8110S Gigabit Ethernet controller.

PowerPC-based products
The first PowerPC motherboards were produced by Eyetech in 2005 but they stopped any activity in 2005. In 2007 ACube Systems produced a new board, the Sam440ep, primarily for the AmigaOS market.

ARM-based products

Cadia Networks developed a Mini ITX ARM board, which comes with an ARM Cortex-A8 Freescale i.MX53 series CPU. According to the official website, the board "offers an ultra-low power SoC with a variety of I/O and OS support for Android / Linux2.6 / Windows Embedded Compact 7".

Kontron also developed a mini ITX ARM board. According to the website, it features an "ARM Cortex-A9 Quad Core 900MHz Processor with NEON Technology", an Nvidia graphics processor, 2 GB of RAM, and a targeted power consumption of < 7W for the entire board.

AppliedMicro offers the XC-1  Server Development Platform motherboard, which uses the X-Gene ARMv8 system on a chip with 8 2.4 GHz CPU cores, supports 128 GB DDR3 DRAM using 16 GB DIMMs, and has a baseboard management controller.

Power

The Mini-ITX standard does not define a standard for the computer power supply, though it suggests possible options. Conventionally Mini-ITX boards use a 20- or 24-pin "original ATX" power connector. This is usually connected to a DC-DC converter board, which connects to an external power adapter. Generally, vendors provide both power adapter and DC-DC board with the case.

Some boards have built in DC-DC converters and converters have also been made to plug directly into the ATX connector (e.g. the PicoPSU), either of these options avoids the need to mount a separate DC-DC converter into the case, saving space and design effort. Boards using full-power Intel or AMD CPUs typically use ATX12V 2.x connections and require a case with appropriate power supply and cooling for these more power-hungry chips. Defined by the ATX specification, power supplies with ATX12V connector on a separate 12 volts rail must not idle that 12 volts rail.

See also
 EPIA, Mini-ITX, Nano-ITX and Pico-ITX motherboards from VIA
 Home Theater PC
 Mini ATX,  form factor developed by AOpen
 Mobile-ITX
 Nano-ITX
 Pico-ITX
 Plug computer
Single-board computer

References

External links

 VIA Website - VIA Spearhead Initiative - Mini-ITX Mainboard Design
 Logic Supply - What is Mini-ITX?
 Micro ATX Vs Mini ITX Which Is The Right Form Factor?

IBM PC compatibles
Motherboard form factors

Mini-ITX