Colonies in antiquity were post-Iron Age city-states founded from a mother-city (its "metropolis"), not from a territory-at-large. Bonds between a colony and its metropolis remained often close, and took specific forms during the period of classical antiquity.  Generally, colonies founded by the ancient Phoenicians, Carthage, Rome, Alexander the Great and his successors remained tied to their metropolis, but Greek colonies of the Archaic and Classical eras were sovereign and self-governing from their inception. While Greek colonies were often founded to solve social unrest in the mother-city, by expelling a part of the population, Hellenistic, Roman, Carthaginian, and Han Chinese colonies were used for trade, expansion and empire-building.

Egyptian colony
Egyptian settlement and colonisation is attested from about 3200 BC onward all over the area of southern Canaan with almost every type of artifact: architecture (fortifications, embankments and buildings), pottery, vessels, tools, weapons, seals, etc. Narmer had Egyptian pottery produced in Canaan and exported back to Egypt, from regions such as Arad, En Besor, Rafiah, and Tel ʿErani. Recently, a contemporary brewery belonging to a Bronze Age Egyptian settlement has been found in Tel Aviv. Shipbuilding was known to the ancient Egyptians as early as 3000 BC, and perhaps earlier. The Archaeological Institute of America reports that the earliest dated ship — dating to 3000 BC – may have possibly belonged to Pharaoh Aha.

Phoenician colonies

The Phoenicians were the major trading power in the Mediterranean in the early part of the first millennium BC. They had trading contacts in Egypt and Greece, and established colonies as far west as modern Spain, at Gadir (modern Cádiz), and modern Morocco, at Tingis and Mogador. From Spain and Morocco the Phoenicians controlled access to the Atlantic Ocean and the trade routes to Britain and Senegal.

The most famous and successful of Phoenician colonies was founded by settlers from Tyre in 814–813 BC and called Kart-Hadasht (Qart-ḥadašt, literally "New Town"), known to history as Carthage. The Carthaginians later founded  their own colonies in the western Mediterranean area, notable a colony in the southeast of Spain, Carthago Nova, which was eventually  conquered by their enemy, Rome.

According to María Eugenia Aubet, Professor of Archaeology at the Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona:
The earliest presence of Phoenician material in the West is documented within the precinct of the ancient city of Huelva, Spain... The high proportion of Phoenician pottery among the new material found in 1997 in the Plaza de las Monjas in Huelva argues in favour, not of a few first sporadic contacts in the zone, but of a regular presence of Phoenician people from the start of the ninth century BC. The recent radiocarbon dates from the earliest levels in Carthage situate the founding of this Tyrian colony in the years 835–800 cal BC, which coincides with the dates handed down by Flavius Josephus and Timeus for the founding of the city.

Ancient Greek colonies

In Ancient Greece, a vanquished people would sometimes found a colony, leaving their homes to escape subjection at the hand of a foreign enemy. Sometimes colonies formed as a sequel to civil disorders, where the losers in internecine battles left to form a new city elsewhere; sometimes they would form to get rid of surplus population and thereby to avoid internal convulsions; and also, as a result of ostracism. But in most cases, colony-founders aimed to establish and facilitate relations of trade with foreign countries and to further the wealth of the mother-city (in  mētropolis). Colonies were established in Ionia and Thrace as early as the 8th century BC.

More than thirty Greek city-states had multiple colonies. They became dotted across the Mediterranean world, with the most active colony-founding city, Miletus, of the Ionian League, spawning ninety colonies stretching throughout the Mediterranean Sea, from the shores of the Black Sea and Anatolia (modern Turkey) in the east, to the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula in the west, as well as Magna Graecia (southern Italy) and several colonies on the Libyan coast of northern Africa, from the late 9th to the 5th centuries BC.

Greeks founded two similar types of colony, the apoikía (ἀποικία from ἀπό apó "away from" + οἶκος oîkos "home", pl. ἀποικίαι apoikiai), an independent city-state, and the emporion (ἐμπόριov, pl. ἐμπόρια emporia), a trading-colony.

The Greek city-states began establishing colonies between 900 – 800 BC, at first at Al Mina on the coast of Syria and the Greek emporium Pithekoussai at Ischia in the Bay of Naples in Magna Graecia, both established about 800 BC by Euboeans.

Two waves of new colonists set out from Greece at the transition between the Dark Ages and the start of the Archaic Period – the first in the early 8th century BC and a second burst of the colonizing spirit in the 6th century. Population growth and cramped spaces at home seem an insufficient explanation, while the economic and political dynamics produced by the competition among the frequently kingless Greek city-states – newly introduced as a concept and striving to expand their spheres of economic influence – better fits as their true incentive. Through this Greek expansion the use of coins flourished throughout the Mediterranean Basin.

Influential Greek colonies in the western Mediterranean – many in present-day Southern Italy — included Cyme, Rhegium (Rhegion) by Chalcis and Zankle (c. 8th century), Syracuse by Corinth/Tenea (c. 734 BC), Naxos by Chalcis (c. 734 BC), Massalia (Marseille, France, c. 598 BC) and Agathe (shortly after Massalia) by Phokaia, Elea in Italy and Emporion in Spain by Phokaia/Massalia (c. 540 BC and early 6th century), Antipolis in France by Achaea, Alalia in Corsica by Phokaia/Massalia (c. 545 BC), and Cyrene (Cyrenaica, Libya) by Thera (762/61 and 632/31 BC).

The Greeks also colonised Crimea in the Black Sea. The settlements they established there included the city of Chersonesos (modern Sevastopol). Another area with significant Greek colonies was the coast of ancient Illyria on the Adriatic Sea (e.g. Aspalathos, modern Split, Croatia).

Cicero remarks on the extensive Greek colonization, noting that "It were as though a Greek fringe has been woven about the shores of the barbarians." Several formulae generally shaped the solemn and sacred occasions when a new colony set forth. If a Greek city decided to send out a colony, the citizenry almost invariably consulted an oracle, such as the Oracle of Delphi, beforehand. Sometimes certain classes of citizens were called upon to take part in the enterprises; sometimes one son was chosen by lot from every house where there were several sons; and strangers expressing a desire to join were admitted. A person of distinction was selected to guide the emigrants and to make the necessary arrangements. It was usual to honor these founders as heroes after their death. Some of the sacred fire was taken from the public hearth in the Prytaneum, from which the fire on the public hearth of the new city was kindled. Just as each individual had his private shrines, so the new community maintained the worship of its chief domestic deities, the colony sending embassies and votive gifts to the mother-city's principal festivals for centuries afterwards.

After the conquests of the Macedonian Kingdom and Alexander the Great, a further number of Hellenistic colonies were founded also in Asia (as far away as India), Europe and Africa.

Greek colonies in Anatolia
The Mycenaeans Greeks by the 15th century BC had reached Rhodes, Crete, Cyprus, where Teucer is said to have founded the first colony, and the shores of Asia Minor. Moreover, Greeks were settled in Ionia and Pontus. Miletus in Ionia was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia, near the mouth of the Maeander River. In the Late Bronze Age (13th century BC), Milesia saw the arrival of  the Carians, Luwian language speakers from south central Anatolia. Later in that century, other Greeks arrived. The city at that time rebelled against the Hittite Empire. After the fall of that empire, the city was destroyed in the 12th century BC and starting about 1000 BC was resettled extensively by the Ionian Greeks.

Before the invasion from Persia in the middle of the 6th century BC, Miletus was considered the greatest and wealthiest Greek Polis. Over several centuries, numerous Ancient Greek city-states were established on the coasts of Anatolia. Greeks started Western philosophy on the western coast of Anatolia (Pre-Socratic philosophy). Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Diogenes of Apollonia were among of the renowned Milesian school philosophers. Heraclitus lived in Ephesus (/ˈɛfəsəs/;[1] Greek: Ἔφεσος Ephesos; Turkish: Efes) another ancient Greek city and Anaxagoras was from Clazomenae, a city on the coast of Ionia and a member of the Ionian League. All Ancient Greek dialects were spoken in Anatolia depending on the origin of each City state and the list of ancient Greek theatres in Anatolia is one of the longest among all places Greeks had settled.

Greeks traditionally lived in the region of Pontus, on the south shores of the Black Sea and in the Pontic Alps in northeastern Anatolia, the province of Kars in Caucasus, and also in Georgia. Those from southern Russia, Ukraine, and Crimea are often referred to as 'Northern Pontic Greeks', in contrast to those from 'South Pontus', which strictly speaking is Pontus proper. Those from Georgia, northeastern Anatolia, and the ones who lived in present-day Armenia are often referred to as 'Eastern Pontic Greeks' or Caucasus Greeks. Many Greek-founded colonies are well known cities to this day. Sinope (Greek: Σινώπη, Sinōpē) and Trabzon (Greek: Τραπεζοῦς Trapezous), were founded by Milesian traders (756 BC) as well as Samsun, Rize and Amasra. Greek was the lingua franca of Anatolia from the conquests of Alexander the Great up to the invasion of the Seljuk Turks in the eleventh century AD.

Relations of colony and metropolis

The relation between colony and mother-city (metropolis) was viewed as one of mutual affection. Differences were resolved peacefully whenever possible, war being deemed excusable only in cases of extreme necessity. (Note though that the Peloponnesian War of 431–404 BC broke out in part as a result of a dispute between Corinth and her colony of Corcyra.)

The charter of foundation contained general provisions for the arrangement of the affairs of the colony, and also some special enactments. A colony would usually adopt the constitution of the mother-city, but the new city remained politically independent. The "holy fire" of the metropolis was preserved in a special place to remind people of the common ties. If the colony sent out a fresh colony on its own account, the mother-city was generally consulted, or was at least requested to furnish a leader. Frequently the colonies, declaring their commitment to the various metropolitic alliances formed in the Greek mainland and for religious reasons, would pay tribute in religious centres such as Delphi, Olympia, or Delos.

The cleruchs (κληροῦχοι, klêrouchoi) formed a special class of Greek colonists, each being assigned an individual plot of land (κλῆρος, klêros). The trade factories set up in foreign countries, such as Naucratis in Egypt, were somewhat different from ordinary colonies, with the members retaining the right of domicile in their own homeland and confining themselves to their own quarter in the foreign city.

Roman colonies

It was an old custom in ancient Italy to send out colonies for the purpose of securing new conquests. The Romans, having no standing army, used to plant bodies of their own citizens in conquered towns as a kind of garrison. These bodies would consist partly of Roman citizens, usually to the number of three hundred; partly of members of the Latin League, in larger numbers. One third of the conquered territory was taken for the settlers. The coloniae civium Romanorum (colonies of Roman citizens) were specially intended to secure the two coasts of Italy, and were hence called coloniae maritimae. The far more numerous coloniae Latinae served the same purpose for the mainland, but they were also inhabited by Latins and much more populated.

The duty of leading the colonists and founding the settlement was entrusted to a commission usually consisting of three members. These men continued to stand in the relation of patrons (patroni) to the colony after its foundation. The colonists entered the conquered city in military array, preceded by banners, and the foundation was celebrated with special solemnities. The coloniae were free from taxes, and had their own constitution, a copy of the Roman, electing from their own body their Senate and other officers of State. To this constitution the original inhabitants had to submit. The coloniae civium Romanorum retained Roman citizenship, and were free from military service, their position as outposts being regarded as an equivalent. The members of the coloniae Latinae served among the socii, the allies, and possessed the so-called ius Latinum or Latinitas. This secured to them the right of acquiring property, the concept of commercium, and the right of settlement in Rome, and under certain conditions the power of becoming Roman citizens; though in course of time these rights underwent many limitations.

From the time of the Gracchi the colonies lost their military character. Colonization came to be regarded as a means of providing for the poorest class of the Roman Plebs. After the time of Sulla it was adopted as a way of granting land to veteran soldiers. The right of founding colonies passed into the hands of the Roman emperors during the Principate, who used it mainly in the provinces for the exclusive purpose of establishing military settlements, partly with the old idea of securing conquered territory. It was only in exceptional cases that the provincial colonies enjoyed the immunity from taxation which was granted to those in Italy.

Chinese colonies

Imperial China during the Han dynasty (202 BC–220 AD) extended its rule over what is now much of China proper as well as Inner Mongolia, northern Vietnam, northern Korea, the Hexi Corridor of Gansu, and the Tarim Basin region of Xinjiang on the easternmost fringes of Central Asia. After the nomadic Mongolic Xiongnu ruler Hunye (渾邪) was defeated by Huo Qubing in 121 BC, settlers from various regions of China under the rule of Emperor Wu of Han colonized the Hexi Corridor and Ordos Plateau. Tuntian, self-sustaining agricultural military garrisons, were established in frontier outposts to secure the massive territorial gains and Silk Road trade routes leading into Central Asia. Emperor Wu oversaw the Han conquest of Nanyue in 111 BC, bringing areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan Island, and northern Vietnam under Han rule, and by 108 BC completed the Han conquest of Gojoseon in what is now North Korea. Han Chinese colonists in the Xuantu and Lelang commanderies of northern Korea dealt with occasional raids by the Goguryeo and Buyeo kingdoms, but conducted largely peaceful trade relations with surrounding Korean peoples who in turn became heavily influenced by Chinese culture.

In 37 AD the Eastern Han general Ma Yuan sent Han Chinese to the northeastern frontier and settled defeated Qiang tribes within Han China's Tianshui Commandery and Longxi Commandery. Ma pursued a similar policy in the south when he defeated the Trưng Sisters of Jiaozhi, in what is now modern northern Vietnam, resettling hundreds of Vietnamese into China's Jing Province in 43 AD, seizing their sacred bronze drums as rival symbols of royal power, and reinstating Han authority and laws over Jiaozhi. Historian Rafe de Crespigny remarks that this was a "brief but effective campaign of colonisation and control", before the general returned north in 44 AD.

Cao Song, an Eastern Han administrator of Dunhuang, had military colonies established in what is now Yiwu County near Hami in 119 AD. However, Empress Deng Sui, regent for the young Emperor Shang of Han, pursued a slow, cautious policy of settlement on the advice of Ban Yong, son of Ban Chao, as the Eastern Han Empire came into conflict with the Jushi Kingdom, the Shanshan and their Xiongnu allies located around the Taklamakan Desert in the Western Regions. In 127 AD Ban Yong was able to defeat the Karasahr in battle and colonies were established all the way to Turfan, but by the 150s AD the Han presence in the Western Regions began to wane. Towards the end of the Han dynasty, chancellor Cao Cao established agricultural military colonies for settling wartime refugees. Cao Cao also established military colonies in Anhui province in 209 AD as a means to clearly demarcate a border between his realm and that of his political rival Sun Quan.

See also

 Classical demography
 List of cities founded by the Romans
 List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia
 List of settlements in Illyria
 Alexandria (disambiguation)
 Roman Empire

Notes

Further reading
Antonaccio, Carla M. 2001. "Ethnicity and colonization." In Ancient perceptions of Greek ethnicity. Edited by Irad Malkin, 113–57. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
————. 2003. "Hybridity and the cultures within Greek culture." In The cultures within ancient Greek culture: Contact, conflict, collaboration. Edited by Carol Dougherty and Leslie Kurke, 57–74. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Aubet, Maria Eugenia. 2001. The Phoenicians and the west: Politics, colonies and trade. 2nd ed. Translated by Mary Turton. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Boardman, John. 1999. The Greeks Overseas: Their Early Colonies and Trade. 4th ed. London: Thames and Hudson.
————. 2001. "Aspects of 'colonization.'" Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 322: 33–42.
Branigan, Keith. 1981. "Minoan colonialism." Annual of the British School at Athens 76: 23–33.
Broadhead, William. 2007. "Colonization, land distribution, and veteran settlement." In A companion to the Roman army. Edited by Paul Erdkamp, 148–63. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Cornell, Timothy J. 1995. The beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000–264 BC). Routledge History of the Ancient World. New York: Routledge.
Demetriou, Denise. 2012. Negotiating identity in the ancient Mediterranean. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Donnellan, Lieve, Valentino Nizzo, and Gert-Jan Burgers, eds. 2016. Conceptualizing early colonisation. Brussels: Belgisch Historisch Instituut te Rome.
Dunbabin T. J. 1948. The Western Greeks. Oxford: Thames & Hudson.
Forrest, W. G. 1957. "Colonisation and the rise of Delphi." Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 6 (2): 160–75.
Garland, Robert. 2014. Wandering Greeks: The ancient Greek diaspora from the age of Homer to the death of Alexander the Great. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Graham, A. John. 1983. Colony and mother city in ancient Greece. 2nd ed. Chicago: Ares.
————. 2001. Collected Papers On Greek Colonization. Leiden: Brill.
Hägg, Robin, and Nanno Marinatos, eds. 1984. The Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and reality; Proceedings of the third international symposium at the Swedish Institute in Athens, 31 May–5 June 1982. Stockholm: Swedish Institute at Athens.
Hodos, Tamar. 1999. "Intermarriage in the western Greek colonies." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18: 61–78.
Horden, Peregrine, and Nicholas Purcell. 2000. The corrupting sea: A study of Mediterranean history. Oxford: Blackwell.
Keppie, Lawrence. 1984. "Colonisation and veteran settlement in Italy in the first century A.D." Papers of the British School at Rome 52: 77–114.
Knappett, Carl, and Irene Nikolakopoulou. 2008. "Colonialism without colonies? A Bronze Age case study from Akrotiri, Thera." Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 77 (1): 1–42.
Malkin, Irad. 1987. Religion and Colonization In Ancient Greece. Leiden: Brill.
————. 2011. A Small Greek World: Networks In the Ancient Mediterranean. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mann, J. C. 1983. Legionary recruitment and veteran settlement during the Principate. Edited by Margaret M. Roxan. London: University of London.
Niemeyer, Hans-Georg. 1990. "The Phoenicians in the Mediterranean: A non-Greek model for expansion and settlement in antiquity." In Greek colonists and native populations: Proceedings of the First Australian Congress of Classical Archaeology, held in honour of emeritus professor A. D. Trendall. Edited by Jean-Paul Descœudres, 469–89. Oxford: Clarendon.
Salmon, Edward T. 1936. "Roman colonisation from the Second Punic War to the Gracchi." Journal of Roman Studies 26 (1): 47–67.
————. 1955. "Roman expansion and Roman colonization in Italy." Phoenix 9 (2): 63–75.
————. 1969. Roman colonization under the Republic. Aspects of Greek and Roman Life. London: Thames and Hudson.
Stek, Tesse D., and Jeremia Pelgrom, eds. 2014. "Roman Republican colonization: New perspectives from archaeology and ancient history." Papers of the Royal Netherlands Institute in Rome 2014 (62). Rome: Palombi Editori.
Sweetman, Rebecca J., ed. 2011. Roman colonies in the first century of their foundation. Oxford: Oxbow.
Ridgway, David. 1992. The first Western Greeks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Tartaron, Thomas E. 2013. Maritime networks in the Mycenaean world. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Tsetskhladze, Gocha R., ed. 2006. Greek Colonisation: An Account of Greek Colonies and Other Settlements Overseas. Leiden: Brill.
van Dommelen, Peter. 1998. In colonial grounds: A comparative study of colonialism and rural settlement in first millennium BC west central Sardinia. Leiden, The Netherlands: University of Leiden.

External links
 Ancient History Encyclopedia Greek Colonization
 Map of Greek Colonies 9th-6th Centuries BC
 The Roman Law Library by Professor Yves Lassard and Alexandr Koptev
 Donald Kagan, Introduction to Ancient Greek History. 6. The Greek "Renaissance" - Colonization and Tyranny (Open Yale Courses)
 A complete catalogue of ancient ports.
 Ancient Greek Colonization and Trade and their Influence on Greek Art-The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Antiquity
Roman law

Colonies in antiquity


Rocketman este o dramă muzicală biografică bazată pe viața muzicianului Elton John. Filmul este regizat de Dexter Fletcher și scris de Lee Hall. În rolurile principale joacă Taron Egerton ca John, alături de Jamie Bell, Richard Madden și Bryce Dallas Howard. Filmul urmărește primele zile ale lui John ca geniu la Academia Regală de Muzică până la parteneriatul muzical cu Bernie Taupin. Filmul este intitulat după piesa din 1972 intitulată "Rocket Man".

Un film biografic despre Elton John a fost anunțat în ianuarie 2012 și a avut parte de mai mulți regizori și actori în fazele inițiale de dezvoltare la Focus Features, inclusiv Michael Gracey, Tom Hardy și alegerea personală a lui Elton, Justin Timberlake. După dispute creative cu Focus, John și soțul său, David Furnish, a mutat proiectul la Paramount Pictures, unde Matthew Vaughn a venit ca producător, Egerton fiind în cele din urmă pus în rolul lui John, iar Fletcher semnat ca regizor în aprilie 2018. Filmările au început în august 2018.

Rocketman este programat să aibă premiera la Festivalul de Film de la Cannes pe 16 mai 2019, să fie lansat în Marea Britanie pe 22 mai 2019 și în România și Statele Unite ale Americii pe 31 mai 2019 de către Paramount Pictures.

Sinopsis
Filmul spune povestea vieții lui Elton John, începând cu anii pe când era un geniu la Academia Regală de Muzică, până la parteneriatul influent și de durată cu Bernie Taupin, dar și luptele sale cu depresia, abuzul de substanțe și acceptarea orientării sexuale.

Distribuție
 Taron Egerton ca Elton John
 Jamie Bell ca Bernie Taupin
 Richard Madden ca John Reid
 Bryce Dallas Howard ca Sheila Eileen
 Stephen Graham ca Dick James
 Jason Pennycooke ca Wilson
 Charlie Rowe ca Ray Williams
 Gemma Jones ca Ivy
 Kit Connor ca Reggie în vârstă
 Kamil Lemieszewski ca Dr. Maverick / Paramedic
 Steven Mackintosh ca Stanley
 Jimmy Vee ca Arthur
 Rachel Muldoon drept Kiki Dee

Producție

Filmare
Producția a început pe 2 august 2018. De asemenea, în octombrie 2018, a fost anunțat că filmarea are loc Londra. Filmările au început la Bray Film Studios lângă Maidenhead, Berkshire.

Muzică
Un album oficial intitulat Rocketman (Music From The Motion Picture) va fi lansat  pe 24 mai 2019 de către Virgin EMI (Marea Britanie) și Interscope Records (SUA), pe CD și în format digital. Albumul conține 22 de piese interpretate de către actorii din film și o piesă nouă, "(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again", cu Egerton și John.

Premieră
Filmul va avea premiera mondială la Festivalul de Film de la Cannes pe 16 mai 2019. Acesta urmează să fie lansat în Marea Britanie pe 22 mai 2019. Filmul a fost inițial programat să fie lansat în Statele Unite pe 17 mai 2019, dar a fost amânat până pe 31 mai 2019, când va avea loc și premiera în România.

Referințe

Legături externe

 Rocketman la Internet Movie Database
Filme turnate în Anglia
Filme cu acțiunea în Londra
Filme britanice
Filme americane
Filme dramatice din anii 2010
Filme din 2019
Filme cu premiera în viitor
Filme în limba engleză
Pages with unreviewed translations

Rocketman (film)


.yu Yugoslavya için internet ülke kodu üst seviye alan adıdır. (CcTLD) Şimdi Sırbistan-Karadağ; ISO kodu RS olarak değiştirildi; .rs şu anda kullanılmıyor.

Sırbistan-Karadağ
1989'da kurulan oluşumlar
Yugoslavya'da iletişim
Yugoslavya medyası
yu

.yu


Ramón Peralta Villeda (Chanmagua, Chiquimula, Guatemala, 20 de septiembre de 1961), conocido en su localidad como Moncho Peralta, es  un político, agricultor y ganadero guatemalteco. Ha sido alcalde de Esquipulas en dos ocasiones, en 1999 fue elegido por el Frente Republicano Guatemalteco y en 2007 fue elegido por la Unidad Nacional de la Esperanza, esta segunda no puede considerarse una reelección, ya que su triunfo no fue consecutivo, a diferencia del empresario Carlos Lapola, quien logró ser electo consecutivamente en 2011 y 2015.

Biografía

Nació el 20 de septiembre de 1961, en la comunidad rural de Chanmagua, una aldea ubicada al noreste de Esquipulas, cerca de la frontera con la República de Honduras. La principal actividad económica de esta localidad es la caficultura, agricultura y ganadería, es por ello que Peralta durante su juventud no cursó ningún grado escolar y se dedicó de lleno al trabajo del campo. Sin embargo, en su edad adulta obtuvo estudios básicos, en los cuales aprendió a leer y a escribir, además cuenta con diferentes diplomados y seminarios obtenidos durante su amplia trayectoria política, entre los cuales destaca un seminario de Gestión y Administración Municipal de la Universidad Complutense de España y otros sobre el mismo tema recibidos en El Salvador, Bélgica y Costa Rica, además asistió a un curso sobre la seguridad ciudadana y personal en Israel.

Peralta cuenta con una amplia trayectoria política, ha sido candidato a la alcaldía esquipulteca desde 1999 hasta 2015 y ha pasado por al menos tres partidos políticos (FRG, UNE y LIDER), transfuguismo que le ha sido criticado por la sociedad civil del municipio y sobre el que Peralta ha manifestado que estos partidos políticos sólo son vehículos electorales y que él no se rige por la ideología o doctrinas de estos. Únicamente ha sido electo alcalde en dos ocasiones, en 1999 y 2007. Es el primer esquipulteco nacido en una comunidad rural en ocupar este cargo.

Fue miembro del concejo municipal, cuando Roberto Sagastume Pinto ocupaba el cargo de alcalde y en dos administraciones anteriores. El 28 de agosto de 2015 fallece su padre Alberto "Beto" Peralta Mata.

Carrera política

Elección municipal 1999

Después de haber formado parte del concejo municipal (1996-2000), presidido por el profesor Roberto Sagastume Pinto, Peralta se inscribe como candidato a la alcaldía por el Frente Republicano Guatemalteco, partido que ya tenía en el poder a Sagastume. Era la primera vez que participaría para dirigir la comuna esquipulteca, siendo este el comienzo de una amplia trayectoria de participación en la política del municipio. Tenía el apoyo del alcalde en funciones, hecho que benefició a Peralta ya que este había ejercido una buena administración. Según el resultado oficial que proyectó el Tribunal Supremo Electoral, Ramón Peralta fue elegido alcalde municipal, siendo este el primer esquipulteco, no nacido en la ciudad el cual ejercería ese cargo público.

Gobierno municipal (2000-2004)

Elección municipal 2003

Resultados oficiales del TSE.

Elección municipal 2007

Resultados oficiales del TSE.

Gobierno municipal (2008-2012)

Ramón Peralta fue juramentado como alcalde de Esquipulas el 15 de enero de 2008, regresando nuevamente al poder edil luego de cuatro años de haberlo entregado a Julio Lima. El acto protocolario se llevó a cabo en la Municipalidad de Esquipulas, en el cual Lima (alcalde saliente) dirigió su último discurso estando en funciones, en el cual agradeció la oportunidad que le habían dado los esquipultecos al elegirlo hace cuatro años, manifestando que en su período gobernó para el pueblo y por el pueblo, agradeció también a diferentes instituciones y a los empleados municipales. Además Lima manifestó que su concejo siempre estuvo unido, luego se dio lugar al juramento en el cual legalmente tomó posesión del cargo a Peralta. Finalmente, ya juramentado como alcalde dirigió su discurso oficial, el cual comenzó criticando fuertemente al exalcalde y a los miembros del concejo predecesor, enfatizando también que los ciudadanos no son conscientes al momento de elegir a sus autoridades, justificando que él no hubiera ganado las elecciones de 2003. Además habla de que trabajará en favor del pueblo conjuntamente con su equipo de trabajo (concejales y síndicos) y que espera el apoyo del pueblo, luego en la parte final de su discurso, Peralta siguió criticando a su predecesor, y pidió disculpas si juzgaba mal y hace mención de la deuda municipal en la cual habla de un aproximado de doce millones de quetzales, pero aclara que él informará en el mes de febrero la situación financiera de la comuna esquipulteca.

Elección municipal 2011

 Resultados oficiales del TSE.

Elección municipal 2015

Resultados oficiales del TSE.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Alcaldes de Esquipulas
Agricultores

Moncho Peralta


An Eremopoa persica in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl Bernhard von Trinius, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Roman Julievich Roshevitz. An Eremopoa persica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eremopoa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Eremopoa

Eremopoa persica


Adilmar Arcênio dos Santos (São João de Meriti, 22 de novembro de 1955), conhecido como Mica, é um político brasileiro. Foi deputado estadual no Rio de Janeiro, prefeito e vereador no município de São João de Meriti.

Biografia
Filiado ao antigo Partido Trabalhista Renovador, foi eleito deputado estadual em 1990. Já no PMDB, foi vitorioso na eleição à prefeitura de São João de Meriti, em 1992. Na época, obteve 69,11% dos votos.

Em 1995, testemunhou o atentado que vitimou o então prefeito de Belford Roxo, Jorge Júlio da Costa dos Santos, o Joca. A morte aconteceu em Laranjeiras, quando os dois políticos rumavam para se encontrar com o governador Marcello Alencar, para discutir assuntos sobre a Baixada Fluminense.

Após deixar a prefeitura, assumiu o cargo de Secretário de Estado de Desenvolvimento da Baixada Fluminense, em 1997, na gestão de Marcello Alencar no governo do Rio de Janeiro. Na época, a região ganhou a construção da Via Light, além da extensão do metrô até a Pavuna, que fica no limite com o município de São João de Meriti.

Ocupou o cargo de vereador de São João de Meriti em mais três mandatos: em 2000, 2004 e 2016. Na eleição de 2020, terminou na suplência.

Prefeitos de São João de Meriti
Deputados estaduais do Rio de Janeiro
Membros do Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira
Membros do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (1980)
Membros do Agir (Brasil)
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Negres)
Vereadores de São João de Meriti

Mica (político)


Fan Kexin (; * 19. September 1993 in Qitaihe, Heilongjiang) ist eine chinesische Shorttrackerin.

Werdegang
Sie gehört seit Anfang 2010 zum Nationalteam und wird von Lin Yan trainiert. Bei der Juniorenweltmeisterschaft 2010 in Taipeh erreichte Fan ihre ersten Erfolge, über 500 m und mit der Staffel gewann sie jeweils die Silbermedaille, im Mehrkampf wurde sie Fünfte. Im Oktober 2010 debütierte sie in Montreal im Weltcup und gewann auf Anhieb mit der Staffel ihr erstes Weltcuprennen. In ihrer ersten Saison konnte sie über 500 m insgesamt drei Podestplätze erringen und zudem mit der Staffel vier Rennen gewinnen. In der 500 m-Weltcupwertung wurde sie Vierte. Sie gewann bei den Winter-Asienspielen 2011 in Astana und Almaty eine Goldmedaille mit der Staffel. Bei den Teamweltmeisterschaften in Warschau gewann sie mit Silber ihre erste WM-Medaille, nur knapp geschlagen durch das südkoreanische Team. Erfolgreich verlief auch die Weltmeisterschaft in Sheffield. Im Mehrkampf wurde sie Vierte, über 500 m und mit der Staffel wurde sie jeweils Weltmeisterin. In der folgenden Saison 2011/12 konnte Fan im Weltcup in allen sechs Rennen mit der Staffel das Podest erreichen, darunter fünf Siege. Über 500 m gewann sie ihre ersten beiden Einzelrennen im Weltcup, zudem erreichte sie erstmals über 1500 m ein Podestplatz. In der 500 m-Weltcupwertung wurde sie erneut Vierte. Bei den Heimweltmeisterschaften in Shanghai verteidigte Fan über 500 m und mit der Staffel ihre Titel aus dem Vorjahr. Im Mehrkampf belegte sie Rang fünf. Bei der WM 2013 gewann sie in Debrecen mit der Staffel Gold und über 500 m Bronze. Die gleichen Medaillen gewann sie ein Jahr später in Montreal bei der WM 2014. Bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 2014 in Sotschi gewann sie Silber über 1000 m hinter Park Seung-hi.

In der Saison 2014/15 siegte Fan fünfmal über 500 m und belegte einmal den dritten Rang. Über 1000 m kam sie in Salt Lake City auf den dritten Platz und in Dresden auf den zweiten Rang. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2015 in Moskau gewann sie Silber mit der Staffel über 3000 m und Gold über 500 m. Die Saison beendete sie auf dem fünften Rang im Weltcup über 1000 m und auf dem ersten Platz im Weltcup über 500 m. In der folgenden Saison holte sie drei Weltcupsiege über 500 m. Zudem wurde sie zweimal Dritter und mit der Staffel zweimal Zweiter. Beim Saisonhöhepunkt den Weltmeisterschaften 2016 in Seoul gewann sie die Goldmedaille über 500 m. Zum Saisonende errang sie den dritten Platz im Gesamtweltcup über 500 m. In der Saison 2016/17 erreichte sie mit fünf Top-Zehn-Platzierungen über 500 m, darunter Platz drei in Salt Lake City, Rang zwei in Gangneung und Platz eins in Calgary, den dritten Platz in der Gesamtwertung. Bei den Winter-Asienspielen 2017 in Sapporo gewann sie die Silbermedaille mit der Staffel. Im März 2017 holte sie bei den Weltmeisterschaften in Rotterdam über 500 m und mit der Staffel jeweils die Goldmedaille. In der Saison 2017/18 errang sie mit drei Ergebnissen unter den ersten Zehn, den siebten Platz im Weltcup über 500 m. Zudem wurde sie in Shanghai Zweite und in Dordrecht Erste mit der Staffel. Beim Saisonhöhepunkt, den Olympischen Winterspielen 2018 in Pyeongchang, wurde sie Achte über 500 m und Siebte mit der Staffel.

In der Saison 2018/19 erreichte Fan mit dem zweiten Platz über 500 m in Calgary und dritten Plätzen über 500 m und 1000 m in Salt Lake City den sechsten Platz im Weltcup über 500 m. Zudem siegte sie in Calgary mit der Mixed-Staffel. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2019 in Sofia gewann sie die Silbermedaille über 500 m. Im Mehrkampf errang sie dort den siebten Platz. In der folgenden Saison siegte sie dreimal mit der Staffel und belegte zweimal den zweiten Platz. Zudem wurde sie in Montreal Dritte über 1000 m und in Shanghai Erste über 500 m und errang damit zum Saisonende den siebten Platz im Weltcup über 500 m.

Weltcupsiege

Persönliche Bestzeiten
 500 m      42,504 s (aufgestellt am 9. November 2014 in Salt Lake City)
 1000 m    1:28,769 min (aufgestellt am 10. November 2018 in Salt Lake City)
 1500 m    2:25,978 min (aufgestellt am 4. Februar 2012 in Moskau)
 3000 m    5:14,311 min (aufgestellt am 12. März 2017 in Rotterdam)

Weblinks
 Fan Kexin bei der ISU

 Eintrag bei olympics.com

Olympiateilnehmer (China)
Shorttracker (Volksrepublik China)
Weltmeister (Shorttrack)
Asienspielesieger (Shorttrack)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2014
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2018
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2022
Teilnehmer an den Asienspielen (Volksrepublik China)
Chinese
Geboren 1993
Frau

Fan Kexin


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|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | Ziraat Bankası Fen Lisesi
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|Açılış|style="padding-right: 1em;" | 1996
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|Adres| style="padding-right: 1em;" | Bursa Yolu 6. Km /10020 Karesi, Balıkesir,Türkiye
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|Anasayfa|style="padding-right: 1em;" | Ziraat Bankası Fen Lisesi İnternet Sitesi
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|Okul Müdürü| style="padding-right: 1em;" | Halil İbrahim Bektaş
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|Müdür Baş Yardımcısı| style="padding-right: 1em;" | Fatih Gacanoğlu
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|Müdür Yardımcıları|style="padding-right: 1em;" | Ayla Özer, Veysel Gökmen, Hasan Bulut
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|Eğitim Dili|Türkçe
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|Yabancı Diller|style="padding-right: 1em;" | İngilizce, Almanca
|-
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|E-Posta|style="padding-right: 1em;" | firstname.lastname@example.com
|}TC Ziraat Bankası Balıkesir Fen Lisesi (ZBFL) veya kısaca Balıkesir Fen Lisesi''', Balıkesir-Bursa Karayolunun 6. kilometresinde olup, Yeni Garaj'a 1 km. uzaklıktadır.

Tarihçe
1991 yılında kurulmasına karar verilen okulun inşaatı 1994 yılına kadar devam etmiştir.  Ancak ödenek yetersizliğinden dolayı yapımı yarıda kalmıştır.  Sponsor arayışlarına girilmiş Ziraat Bankası'nın isim hakkı karşılığında yaptığı 25.000.00 TL. yardımıyla yapımı tamamlanmıştır.
Okul, 1996-1997 eğitim-öğretim yılında, dönemin cumhurbaşkanı Süleyman Demirel tarafından açılmıştır.

Olanaklar
Balıkesir Fen Lisesi'nde 17 sınıf halinde eğitim-öğretim devam etmektedir.

Okulda birer adet basketbol, voleybol, futbol sahası, tenis kortu bulunmaktadır .2005 yılında yapılan çalışmalarla Fizik, Kimya ve Biyoloji laboratuvarları modern bir konuma ulaşmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunun yanında okulda 125k işilik bir konferans salonu bulunmaktadır. Bir adet açık satranç sahası, 2 adet masa tenisi masası ve Okulun dışarısında bulunan üstü kapalı oturma alanı bulunmaktadır. Okulda turnuvalar düzenlenmektedir. Ayrıca okul müdürlüğüne bağlı olarak bahçenin içerisinde bir yurt binası bulunmaktadır. Yatılı öğrencilerin 19.00-22.00 arası zorunlu etüdü vardır. Pansiyondan sorumlu müdür yardımcısı Hasan Bulut'tur.

Galeri

İlgili bağlantılar
 Resmî site
 Mezunlar Derneği
 Ziraat Bankası Fen Lisesinin Tarihçesi

Fen liseleri
Balıkesir ilinde bulunan liseler

Balıkesir T.C. Ziraat Bankası Fen Lisesi


Laura Elizabeth Dern ()  o actriță americană.
Pentru rolul lui Rose din filmul Rambling Rose din 1991 a fost nominalizată la Premiul Oscar pentru cea mai bună actriță, în timp ce pentru rolul ei din filmul Wild din 2014, ea a fost nominalizată pentru Premiul Oscar pentru cea mai bună actriță în rol secundar. A mai jucat în Masca (1985), Smooth Talk (1985), Catifeaua albastră (1986), Wild at Heart (1990), Jurassic Park (1993), Citizen Ruth (1996), October Sky (1999), I am Sam (2001), Inland Empire (2006), The Master (2012), Sub aceeași stea (2014), și Războiul stelelor - Episodul VIII (2017).

Dern a primit Premiul Globul de Aur pentru cea mai bună actriță într-o miniserie sau într-un film pentru televiziune pentru filmul Afterburn din 1992, câștigând în total trei Globuri de Aur.

Viața timpurie
Dern s-a născut în Los Angeles, California, ca fiica actriței  și a actorului Bruce Dern. În 1982, ea a devenit cea mai tânără câștigătoare a Miss Golden Globe.

Referințe

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1967
Actrițe americane din secolul al XX-lea
Actrițe americane din secolul al XXI-lea
Americani de origine engleză
Americani de origine germană
Democrați din statul California
Absolvenți ai Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute
Americani în viață
Nașteri pe 10 februarie
Oameni din Los Angeles
Militanți pentru drepturile LGBT
Actori din statul California

Laura Dern


Səbinə Babayeva (auch Sabina Babayeva; * 2. Dezember 1979 in Baku) ist eine aserbaidschanische Sängerin.

Nach einem Gesangsstudium an der Musikhochschule Asaf Zeynally nahm sie an diversen Gesangs-Wettbewerben teil. In Aserbaidschan wurde sie als Sängerin des Titelsongs der Fernsehserie Bəyaz həyat bekannt. Sie nahm bereits an der Vorauswahl zum Eurovision Song Contest 2011 teil, bei der sie den dritten Platz belegte. Bei der Vorauswahl 2012 schaffte sie den ersten Platz und durfte nun ihr Land beim Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku vertreten. Begleitet von der aserbaidschanischen Mugham-Legende Alim Qasimov trat sie mit der Popballade When the music dies auf und erreichte den vierten Platz.

Beim Eurovision Song Contest 2014 war sie Punktesprecherin für Aserbaidschan.

Babayeva ist seit 2012 verheiratet und seit 2016 Mutter eines Sohnes.

Diskografie

 2001: Sabina Babayeva
 2003: Roya kimi
 2009: Duets
 2012: When the music dies
 2012: Retro
 2013: Ey Azerbaycanim
 2014: Geca
 2014: Oceans away
 2014: Out Of Love (DJ AKG & Sabina Babayeva)

Weblinks

 Aserbaidschan: Səbinə Babayeva bei eurovision.de
 Spiegel Online: Bakus ESC-Kandidatin Babayeva. Herzen öffnen, Hirn abschalten!, Artikel vom 22. Mai 2012

Einzelnachweise

Interpret eines aserbaidschanischen Beitrags beim Eurovision Song Contest
Sänger
Aserbaidschaner
Geboren 1979
Frau

Səbinə Babayeva


قوات حطين هي إحدى الألوية الثلاثة لجيش التحرير الفلسطيني في سورية ، تشكل عام 1968 وشارك في الدفاع عن سورية إبان حرب 1967 ، وفي حرب أكتوبر 1973 ، وقام بأعمال بطولية إبانها.

المراجع

جيش التحرير الفلسطيني

قوات حطين


Karl Alfred Eugen Neu (* 21. Dezember 1871 in Reichenbach im Vogtland; † 17. November 1969 in Leipzig) war ein deutscher Jurist und Politiker (SPD, SED).

Leben
Alfred Neu wurde als Sohn eines Schneiders geboren. Nach dem Schulbesuch absolvierte er von 1893 bis 1896 ein Studium der Rechtswissenschaft, praktizierte von 1901 bis 1922 als Rechtsanwalt in Leipzig und wurde anschließend Präsident des dortigen Amtsgerichtes. Außerdem war er seit 1922 er als Direktor am Landgericht Leipzig tätig. Er trat 1910 in die SPD ein und war von 1926 bis 1933 Mitglied des Sächsischen Landtages. Vom 15. August 1923 bis zum 4. Januar 1924 amtierte er als Justizminister in den von den Ministerpräsidenten Erich Zeigner und Alfred Fellisch geführten Regierungen des Freistaates Sachsen. Gleichzeitig war er Bevollmächtigter Sachsens zum Reichsrat. Darüber hinaus war er bis 1933 Mitglied des Republikanischen Richterbundes und Vorsitzender der Leipziger Ortsgruppe der Deutschen Liga für Menschenrechte.

Neu wurde 1933 von den Nationalsozialisten als Leipziger Landgerichtsdirektor entlassen. Von 1935 bis 1945 arbeitete er als Stundenbuchhalter. Nach dem Kriegsende war Neu von 1945 bis 1951 Präsident des Landgerichtes Leipzig und wirkte von 1951 bis 1961 als Rechtsberater für die Leipziger Volkszeitung. Er trat 1946 in die SED ein und war von 1945 bis 1951 Stadtverordneter in Leipzig.

Siehe auch
 Kabinett Zeigner – Kabinett Fellisch

Weblinks

Justizminister (Sachsen)
Mitglied des Sächsischen Landtags (Weimarer Republik)
SPD-Mitglied
SED-Mitglied
Mitglied der Deutschen Liga für Menschenrechte
Richter (Landgericht Leipzig)
Richter (Amtsgericht)
Person (Leipzig)
Deutscher
Geboren 1871
Gestorben 1969
Mann
Bevollmächtigter zum Reichsrat
Präsident (Landgericht)
DDR-Bürger

Alfred Neu


භෞතික විද්‍යාවේදී, කෝණික ගම්‍යතාවය (කලාතුරකින්, ගම්‍යතාවයේ මොහොත හෝ භ්‍රමණ ගම්‍යතාවය) යනු රේඛීය ගම්‍යතාවයේ භ්‍රමණ ප්‍රතිසමයයි. එය භෞතික විද්‍යාවේ වැදගත් ප්‍රමාණයක් වන්නේ එය සංරක්‍ෂිත ප්‍රමාණයක් වන බැවිනි - සංවෘත පද්ධතියක සම්පූර්ණ කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව නියතව පවතී. කෝණික ගම්‍යතාවයට දිශාවක් සහ විශාලත්වයක් ඇති අතර දෙකම සංරක්ෂණය කර ඇත. බයිසිකල් සහ යතුරුපැදි, ෆ්‍රිස්බී, රයිෆල් උණ්ඩ සහ ගයිරොස්කෝප් ඒවායේ ප්‍රයෝජනවත් ගුණාංග කෝණික ගම්‍යතා සංරක්ෂණයට ණයගැතියි. කෝණික ගම්‍යතා සංරක්‍ෂණයේදී සුළි කුණාටු සර්පිලාකාර සාදන අතර නියුට්‍රෝන තාරකාවල ඉහළ භ්‍රමණ වේගයක් ඇති කරයි. සාමාන්‍යයෙන්, සංරක්ෂණය මඟින් පද්ධතියක ඇති විය හැකි චලිතය සීමා කරයි, නමුත් එය එය අනන්‍ය ලෙස තීරණය නොකරයි.

කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව විස්තීරණ ප්‍රමාණයකි; එනම් ඕනෑම සංයුක්ත පද්ධතියක සම්පූර්ණ කෝණික ගම්‍යතාවය එහි සංඝටක කොටස්වල කෝණික ගම්‍යතාවයේ එකතුවයි. අඛණ්ඩ දෘඩ ශරීරයක් හෝ ද්‍රවයක් සඳහා, සම්පූර්ණ කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව යනු මුළු ශරීරය පුරා කෝණික ගම්‍යතා ඝනත්වයේ පරිමාව අනුකලනයයි (පරිමාව ශුන්‍යයට හැකිලෙන විට සීමාව තුළ ඒකක පරිමාවකට කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව).

බාහිර බලයක් නොමැති නම් එය සංරක්ෂණය වන රේඛීය ගම්‍යතා සංරක්‍ෂණයට සමානව, බාහිර ව්‍යවර්ථයක් නොමැති නම් කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව සංරක්ෂණය වේ. ව්‍යවර්ථය, බලයට සමාන කෝණික ගම්‍යතාවයේ වෙනස් වීමේ වේගය ලෙස අර්ථ දැක්විය හැක. ඕනෑම පද්ධතියක ශුද්ධ බාහිර ව්යවර්ථය සෑම විටම පද්ධතියේ සම්පූර්ණ ව්යවර්ථයට සමාන වේ; වෙනත් වචන වලින් කිවහොත්, ඕනෑම පද්ධතියක අභ්‍යන්තර ව්‍යවර්ථවල එකතුව සැමවිටම 0 වේ (මෙය නිව්ටන්ගේ තුන්වන චලිත නියමයේ භ්‍රමණ ප්‍රතිසමයයි). එබැවින්, සංවෘත පද්ධතියක් සඳහා (ශුද්ධ බාහිර ව්‍යවර්ථයක් නොමැති විට), පද්ධතියේ සම්පූර්ණ ව්‍යවර්ථය 0 විය යුතුය, එනම් පද්ධතියේ සම්පූර්ණ කෝණික ගම්‍යතාවය නියත වේ. යම් අන්තර්ක්‍රියාවක් සඳහා කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව වෙනස් වීම ආවේගයේ කෝණික ප්‍රතිසමය වේ. නමුත් මෙය තරමක් දුර්ලභ ය.

අර්ථ දැක්වීම

දෙන ලද මූල ලක්ෂයක් වටා අංශුවක කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව

මෙහි,

 = අංශුවේ කෝණික ගම්‍යතාවය
 = අංශුවේ පිහිටුම් දෛශිකය (මූල ලක්ෂයට සාපේක්ෂව)
 = අංශුවේ රේඛීය ගම්‍යතාවය
 = දෛශික අතර කතිර ගුණිතය

අර්ථ දැක්වීමෙන් ලැබෙන පරිදි කෝණික ගම්‍යතාවයේ ව්‍යුත්පන්න SI ඒකක නිවුටන් මීටර් තප්පර (N.m.s හෝ kg.m2s-5) වේ. කතිර ගුණිතය හේතුවෙන් L ව්‍යාප්ත දෛශිකයක්වන අතර එය r - අරීය දෛශිකය සහ p ගම්‍යතා දෛශිකය යන දෛශික දෙකටම ලම්භ වේ. එය සඳහා ( අභි දිශාව සඳහා)  දකුණත් නියමය මගින් සලකුණක් දෙනු ලැබේ.

පද්ධතියක අංශු කිහිපයක් අංඩගුවන විට මූල ලක්ෂයක් වටා සමස්ත කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව, එම අංශු එක එකෙහි කෝණික ගම්‍යතාවල ෙඑක්‍යය ( හෝ අනුකලය) මගින් ලබා ගත හැක. තවද, විස්තාපනය - r හි වර්ගය අංශුවෙහි ස්කන්ධය සහ කෝණික ප්‍රවේගයේ ගුණිතය මගින් ද කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව ලබාගත හැක.

කක්ෂීය සහ භ්‍රමක කෝණික ගම්‍යතා

අංශු සමූහයක කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව එහි ස්කන්ධ කේන්ද්‍රය වටා සැලකීමෙන් ගණිත කර්ම වඩාත් සරලවන අතර එබැවින් එසේ සැලකීම බොහෝ විට වඩාත් පහසු වේ.

අංශු සමූහයක කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව එක් එක් අංශුවෙහි කෝණික ගම්‍යතා ෙඑක්‍යයවලට සමාන වේ.

මෙහි Ri යනු සමුද්දේශ ලක්ෂයේ සිට I අංශුවට ඇති දුර ප්‍රමාණයයි, mi යනු එහි ස්කන්ධයද  vi  යනු එහි ප්‍රවේගයද වේ. ස්කන්ධ ස්කන්ධ කේන්ද්‍රය පහත පරිදි නිර්ණය කෙරේ.

මෙහිදී සියළු අංශුවල සමස්ත ස්කන්ධය පහත සමීකරණය මගින් ලැබේ.

ඒ අනුව ස්කන්ධ කේන්ද්‍රයෙහි ප්‍රවේගය පහත ලෙස ලැබේ.

මෙහි Ri යනු ස්කන්ධ කේන්ද්‍රයේ සිට i අංශුවෙහි විස්තාපනය සහ vi යනු ස්කන්ධ කේන්ද්‍රයට සාපේක්ෂව i අංශුවේ ප්‍රවේගය ලෙස අර්ථ දැක්වූ කළ,

Ri = R + ri¬  සහ V2  + Vi   යන සමීකරණ අපට ලැබේ.

තවද,

   සහ    ද වේ.

එවිට කෝණික ගම්‍යතාවය පහත සමීකරණයේ පරිදි ලැබේ.

මෙහි පළමු පදය මගින් ස්කන්ධ කේන්ද්‍රයෙහි කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව නිරූපණය වේ. මෙම අගය ස්කන්ධ කේන්ද්‍රයේ M ස්කන්ධයක් හා V ප්‍රවේගයක් සහිත තනි අංශුවක් තිබේ නම් ලැබෙන කෝණික ගම්‍යතා අගයට සමාන වේ. දෙවැනි පදය මගින් සිය ස්කන්ධ කේන්ද්‍රය වටා භ්‍රමණය වන අංශු නිසා ඇතිවන කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව නිරූපණය වේ. යම් හෙයකින් සලකනු ලබන අංශු සමූහය එක් වී තනි දෘඩ වස්තුවක් තැනෙන අවස්ථාවකදී මෙම දෙවැනි පදය තව දුරටත් සරළ හැකි වේ. ස්කන්ධය / පදාර්ථය සන්තතිකව ව්‍යාප්තව ඇති අවස්ථාවක් සඳහාද මීට ප්‍රතිසම ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලද හැකි වේ.

භ්‍රමණයේ අචල අක්ෂය

තනි අක්ෂයක් වටා සිදුවන භ්‍රමණ පිළිබඳ සලකා බැලෙන යෙදුම් බොහොමයක් සඳහා කෝණික ගම්‍යතාවයේ ව්‍යාප්ත දෛශික ස්වභාවය නොසලකා එය වාමාවර්ත විට ධන හා දක්ෂිණාවර්ත විට ඍණ වන අදීශයක් ලෙස සැලකීම කළ හැක. මේ සඳහා එකක දෛශිකය ඉවත්කර කතිර ගුණිතයේ නිර්වචනය ලබා ගත්හ. එවිට කෝණික ගම්‍යතාවය පහත පරිදි ලැබේ.

මෙහි θr,p යනු r සිට p දක්වා මනිනු ලබන r හාp අතර කෝණය වේ. θr,p හි මෙම නිර්වචනය ඉතා වැදගත් වන්නේ එය නොමැති කළ කතිර ගුණිතයෙහි සලකුණ අර්ථ විරහිත වන බැවිනි. ඒ අනුව ඉහත සමීකරණ ඇසුරින්, අර්ථ දැක්වුම පහත සමීකරණ යුගලින් ඕනෑම එකක් ලැබෙන පරිදි ප්‍රතිනිර්මාණය කළ හැක.

මෙහි   p දක්වා ඇති ලීවර බාහු දුර ප්‍රමාණය ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.

ලීවර බාහු දුර ප්‍රමාණය , මූල ලක්ෂයේ සිට p චල‍ිතවන රේඛාවට  ඇති දුර ප්‍රමාණය ලෙස සැලකීම මෙය වටහා ගැනීමට ඇති පහසුම ක්‍රමය වේ. මෙම අර්ථ දැක්වීම යටතේ L ට අදාල ලකුණ නිර්ණය කරගැනීම සඳහා p හි දිශාව (වාමාවර්තව  හෝ දක්ෂිණාවර්තව දිශානතව ඇති බව) සැලකිය යුතුය.

එසේම,

මෙහි  යනු r ට ලම්භ වන p හි සංරචකයයි. ඉහත පරිදිම භ්‍රමණ අත අනුව ලකුණ නිර්ණය කෙරේ.

නියත සමමිතික අක්ෂය වටා භ්‍රමණය වන නියත ස්කන්ධයෙන් යුත් වස්තුවක කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව එහි අවස්ථිති ඝූර්ණය සහ කෝණික ප්‍රවේග  දෛශිකය අතර ගුණිතයෙන් ලබාගත හැක.

මෙහි,
I යනු වස්තුවේ අවස්ථිති ඝූර්ණය වේ. (මෙය සාමාන්‍යයෙන් ආතානක ගුණයකි.

W යනු කෝණික ප්‍රවේගයයි.

කෝණික ගම්‍යතා සංස්ථිතිය

සංවෘත පද්ධතියක කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව නියත වේ. අවකාශයේ සන්තතික දුෂ්‍යය  සමමිතිය ඇසුරින් මෙම සංස්ථිතික නියමය ගණිතමය වශයෙන් ලබාගත හැකි වේ. ( අවකාශයේ ඕනෑම දිශාවක් වෙනත් ඕනෑම දිශාවකින් වෙනස් නොවේ)
නෝකර් ප්‍රමේයය බලන්න.

කෝණික ගම්‍යතාවයේ කාලය විෂයෙහි ව්‍යුත්පන්නය ව්‍යාවර්තය නම් වේ.

එබැවින් ගණිතමය වශයෙන් සලකන කළ පද්ධතියක් සංවෘත වීම සඳහා පද්ධතිය මත බාහිර ව්‍යාවර්ථය ශූන්‍යය විය යුතුය.

මෙහි    යනු අංශු පද්ධතිය මත යෙදෙන ඕනෑම ව්‍යාවර්ථයකි.

කක්ෂයන්හිදී කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව, ග්‍රහලෝකයේ භ්‍රමණය සහ එහි කක්ෂීය චලනයේ කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව ලෙස කොටස් දෙකකින් යුක්ත වේ.

;

යම් හෙයකින් කිසියම් ග්‍රහලොවක් අපේක්ෂිත සීඝ්‍රතාවයට අඩු සීඝ්‍රතාවයකින් භ්‍රමණය වේනම් එම ග්‍රහලොව හා බැඳුණු චන්ද්‍රිකාවක් ඇති බවට තාරකා විද්‍යාඥයින් කළ සැකයක් මතුවිය හැක. ඊට හේතුව ග්‍රහලොවේ මුළු කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව සංස්ථිතික නියමයට අනුව ග්‍රහලොව හා චන්ද්‍රිකාව අතර බෙදී යාමයි.

කේන්ද්‍රික බල චලිත විශ්ලේෂණයේදී කෝණික ගම්‍යතා සංස්ථිතිය සුලභව භාවිත වේ. කිසියම් වස්තුවක් මත ක්‍රියාකරන සම්ප්‍රයුක්ත බලය හැමවිටම කිසියම් අචල ලක්ෂයක් වෙත  යොමුව ඇත්නම්ද,එය එහි කේන්ද්‍රය නම් ද එවිට කේන්ද්‍රයට සාපේක්ෂව වස්තුව මත ව්‍යාවර්තයක් ක්‍රියාත්මක නොවන බැවින් එම කේන්ද්‍රය වටා වස්තුවේ කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව නියත වේ. පරමාණුවේ බෝර් ආකෘතිය, සහ ග්‍රහ ලෝක සහ  චන්ද්‍රිකා වල කක්ෂ ආශ්‍රිත විශ්ලේෂණයන්හිදී නියත කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව අතිශය වැදගත් වේ.

හිම මත ලිස්සා යන ක්‍රීඩාවක් ඇ‍ෙග් ශරීරයේ සිරස් බ්‍රමණ අක්ෂය දෙසට දෑත් සහ දෙපා ලංකරන විට ඇය කෝණික ත්වරණයකට ත්වරනයකට භාජනය වීම කෝණික ගම්‍යතා සංස්ථිතිය මගින් පැහැදිලි කල හැක. ඇය සිය දෑත් හා දෙපා භ්‍රමණ අක්ෂයට ලං කර ගන්නා විට ඇගේ සිරුරේ ස්කන්ධයෙන් කොටසක් එහි භ්‍රමණ අක්ෂයට වඩාත් ලංවන හෙයින් ඇගේ සමස්ත අවස්ථිය ඝූර්ණය අඩු වේ. බාහිර ව්‍යාර්ත රහිත විට කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව නියත වන බැවින් එවිට ඇගේ කෝණික ප්‍රවේගය (භ්‍රමණ වේගය )ඉහළ යයි.

විශාල,සෙමෙන් භ්‍රමණය වන තාරකා සුසංගික තාරකා (සුදු වාමන තාරකා නියුට්‍රෝන තාරකා සහ කළු කුහර වැනි) බවට  පත්වන විට මෙම සිද්ධිය හේතුවෙන් සුසංගික තාරකා වල භ්‍රමණ සීඝ්‍රතාව අතිශය ඉහල අගයකට පත් වේ.(යම් හෙයකින් වස්තුවක ප්‍රමාණය 104  බලයකින් කුඩා කලේ නම් එවිට එහි කෝණික ප්‍රවේගය 108 බලයකින් වැඩි වේ.)

පෘථිවි- චන්ද්‍ර  පද්ධතියේදී කෝණික සංස්ථතිය හේතුවෙන් පෘථිවියේ සිට චන්ද්‍රයා වෙත කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව හුවමාරු වේ. (මේ සඳහා චන්ද්‍රයා මගින් පෘථිවිය මත යොදන උදම් ව්‍යාවර්තය හේතු වේ මේ හේතුවෙන් ක්‍රම ක්‍රමයෙන් පෘථිවි භ්‍රමණ සීඝ්‍රතාව අඩු වන අතර (දිනකට නැනෝ තත්පර 42කින් පමණ) ඊට සමගාමීව චන්ද්‍රයාගේ කක්ෂයේ අරය ක්‍රමයෙන්  වැඩි වේ. (වසරකට 4.5cm පමණ සීඝ්‍රතාවයකිනි.)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum#Angular_momentum_in_classical_mechanics

කෝණික ගම්‍යතාව - පෞරාණික යාන්ත්‍ර විද්‍යාව


Gori (), Gürcistan'ın Şida Kartli (İç Kartli) bölgesinde bulunan bir sanayi kentidir. Kent, ünlü Gürcü kralı Kurucu Davit (1089-1125) tarafından kurulmuştur.

Şehrin nüfusu 137.957 Gürcü, 45 Abhaz, 6.405 Oset, 1.972 Ermeni, 1.136 Rus, 607 Azeri, 97 Rum, 123 Ukraynalı olmak üzere toplam 148.686 kişidir.

Gori, Kura'nın (Mtkvari) bir kolu olan Liahvi Nehri üzerinde kuludur. Kent, 1920 depreminde büyük hasar görmüştür.
Sovyetler Birliği lideri Stalin, 1878 yılında burada doğdu. Doğduğu ev, bugün kendi adını taşıyan bir müzedir. Stalin Müzesi olarak bilinen müzede ayrıca, Stalin'in özel vagonu bulunmaktadır. Kente hâkim konumdaki Goristsihe (Gori Kalesi), Orta Çağ'dan kalmıştır.

Gori'nin kelime anlamı, tepe veya doruktur.

Stalin'in merkez meydanında bulunan heykeli 2010 yazında kaldırılmıştır.

Ayrıca bakınız
Stalin Müzesi

Kaynakça

Gürcistan'daki şehirler

Gori


Poul Jacob Olsen (født 30. august 1917 i Klaksvík, død 3. april 1997) var en færøsk sømand og politiker (JF). Han var leder af havfiskergrupper, bestyrelsesmedlem i Nordafar og Tryggingarsambandið Føroyar. Olsen var borgmester i Klaksvíkar kommuna 1956–1958 og 1964–1966, og sad i Lagtinget for Norðoyar 1958–1980. Han mødte senere fast i Lagtinget som suppleant for Vilhelm Johannesen 1985–1988.

Referencer
 Løgtingið 150 – Hátíðarrit, bind 2 (2002) s. 333 (PDF )

Søfolk fra Færøerne
Politikere fra Javnaðarflokkurin
Borgmestre fra Færøerne
Lagtingsmedlemmer fra Færøerne
Personer fra Klaksvik

Poul J. Olsen


<f
Diese Liste ist eine Teilliste der Liste der Baudenkmäler in Erlangen. Grundlage der Liste ist die Bayerische Denkmalliste, die auf Basis des bayerischen Denkmalschutzgesetzes vom 1. Oktober 1973 erstmals erstellt wurde und seither durch das Bayerische Landesamt für Denkmalpflege geführt und aktualisiert wird. Die folgenden Angaben ersetzen nicht die rechtsverbindliche Auskunft der Denkmalschutzbehörde.

Dieser Teil der Liste beschreibt die denkmalgeschützten Objekte an folgenden Erlanger Straßen und Plätzen:
 Bahnhofplatz
 Bayreuther Straße
 Bergstraße
 Bismarckstraße
 Bohlenplatz
 Buchenweg
 Burgbergstraße

Bahnhofplatz

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Bayreuther Straße

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Bergstraße

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Bismarckstraße

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Bohlenplatz

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Buchenweg

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Burgbergstraße

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Anmerkungen

!Liste B

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Erlangen/B


An Guzmania ferruginea in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Harry Edward Luther. An Guzmania ferruginea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Guzmania, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Guzmania

Guzmania ferruginea


La fiesta de San Francisco de Borja de Yunguyo, conocida popularmente como fiesta de Tata Pancho, es una celebración en honor a San Francisco de Borja que tiene lugar el 10 de octubre de cada año en la ciudad de Yunguyo, distrito y provincia homónimos en el departamento de Puno al Sur del Perú. Este complejo festivo fue declarado "Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación" del Perú el 6 de junio de 2011 por el Ministerio de Cultura del Perú, por representar una de las costumbres de la nación aimara más importantes en el Perú.

Origen del nombre
El nombre de "Tata Pancho" surge debido al tratamiento de "tata" (padre) que los indígenas aymaras les daban a sus deidades tutelares (achachilas) y que debido a la instauración del culto católico pasó a denominar a los santos patrones de cada poblado, en una especie de sincretismo cultural; a esto se suma el tratamiento familiar de "Pancho" a Francisco de Borja.

La aparición de San Francisco de Borja
Según la tradición oral de la región en tiempos de la colonia en un lugar denominado Milagro, cercano a la actual frontera con Bolivia, se apareció Francisco de Borja en forma de cruz de piedra a unos humildes labradores. Rápidamente corrió la noticia por el lugar y decidieron trasladar la cruz hacia el pueblo, para lo cual llamaron a los jóvenes más fornidos pero repentinamente la cruz se hizo muy pesada por lo que decidieron dejarla en el sitio de Chacapata, tomando este evento como una decisión del "Tata Pancho" de quedarse en ese sitio. Es entonces que se originaron las celebraciones a San Francisco de Borja.

La cruz de piedra fue trasladada luego al templo de Nuestra señora de la Asunción, sitio en el cual se encuentra actualmente.

Festividad
Durante la festividad destaca la entrada de los sikuris y bandas de bronces caracterizadas por su uso de instrumentos de viento-metal de este material como la trompeta, la tuba, los trombones y tambores y bombo en menor proporción, ambas agrupaciones provenientes tanto de Perú como de Bolivia, en los sikuris destaca el estilo único de la "Zampoñada de Yunguyo", y sus trajes de poncho y chullo característicos. Además destacan la presencia de otras danzas como: la morenada, rey moreno, diablada, waka waka, kullawada, negritos, Tundique Emilio Romero 1928,  llamerada, etc; así como de otras danzas autóctonas.

Encuentro de sikuris
 El 8 de octubre de cada año se concentran todos los conjuntos de sikuris de la provincia en el Estadio Municipal de la ciudad. Participan centros educativos, asociaciones locales, asociaciones de residentes en otras partes del país, etc, todos con el estilo propio de la "Zampoñada de Yunguyo".

Día del alba
 El 8 de octubre

Día central
 El 10 de octubre

Parada folclórica y veneración
 El 11 de octubre

Gastronomía
Durante la festividad es común la preparación de diversos platos propios de la gastronomía aimara como el Chairo, el caldo de carachi, el queso humacha, la huarjata, etc. Así como de los diversos licores tradicionales (chicha y ponche).

Véase también
 Fiesta de la Candelaria (Puno)
 Patrimonio cultural inmaterial del Perú

Referencias

Fiestas patronales de Perú
Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial del Perú
Cultura del departamento de Puno

Fiesta de San Francisco de Borja de Yunguyo


Ein vollkommener Tag ist ein US-amerikanischer Familienfilm aus dem Jahr 2006. Der Weihnachtsfilm ist die Literaturverfilmung des gleichnamigen Romanes Ein vollkommener Tag von Richard Paul Evans.

Handlung
Rob Harlan muss den Schock verdauen, dass er gerade statt der erhofften Beförderung seine Kündigung von seinem Freund und Vorgesetzten Stuart Parks entgegennahm. Da seine Familie sich bereits mit einer kleinen Feier auf seine Beförderung vorbereitet hat, belügt er sie und meint, dass er gekündigt hat, um einerseits mehr Zeit mit der Familie zu verbringen und andererseits endlich sein Buch beenden zu können. Seiner Frau Allyson erzählt er die Wahrheit. Sie unterstützt ihn, gibt ihn Zeit, sodass sie wieder arbeiten geht und er fortan als Hausmann und angehender Schriftsteller zuhause bleibt. Nach mehreren Monaten ist das Werk beendet, sodass er es Allyson zum Lesen gibt. Sie ist dabei so sehr gerührt, dass sie in Tränen ausbricht und unbedingt einen Literaturagenten sucht. Derweil bewirbt sich Rob wieder bei unterschiedlichen Jobs und muss eine Absage nach der anderen hinnehmen, sodass es ihn noch mehr frustriert, dass auch immer mehr Literaturagenten absagen. Die Rechnungen stapeln sich, weswegen sich Rob gezwungen fühlt, einen Job in der Firma seines Bruders anzunehmen. Aber eines Tages meldet sich die Literaturagentin Camille, die das Buch unbedingt haben will. Sie ist begeistert davon und erfährt, dass die Inspiration des Buches in der tragischen Beziehung um den Krebstod von Allysons Vater entsprang.

Kurz darauf beginnt für Rob die Lesetour durchs Land. Er ist überrascht, wie gut die Resonanz für sein Buch ist. Er wird immer mehr zum Star und sein Buch ist bald auf dem ersten Platz der Bestsellerliste zu finden. Das führt aber auch dazu, dass er immer mehr Termine wahrnehmen muss und immer weniger Zeit für seine Frau hat. Daher kommt es auch zu kleinen Unstimmigkeiten zwischen ihm und Allyson. Aber deutlich wird es ihr erst, nachdem ihn Stuart bittet, doch die Beförderung anzunehmen, da er sonst selbst entlassen wird. Rob denkt nicht dran und verabschiedet sich von ihm mit demselben Spruch, den Stuart nutzte, als er ihn kündigte. Und Allyson muss bald noch mehr dulden müssen. Nicht nur, dass er ihre Lebensgeschichte als Inspiration bei Larry King nicht erwähnte, er lässt sich von seiner neuen Agentin Heather immer mehr Termine aufhalsen, sodass Rob überhaupt nicht mehr nach Hause kommen kann. Sie hält ihn für abgehoben, erkennt ihn nicht wieder und streitet sich mit ihm. Camille selbst wird auch aus dem Geschäft gedrängt, denn einer der wichtigsten Literaturagenten, Darren, will ihn unter Vertrag nehmen und sein Buch nicht als Fernsehfilm, sondern als Kinofilm verkaufen lassen.

Als Allysons Tante Denise stirbt, möchte Rob ihr bei der Beerdigung beistehen. Aber er kann nicht, da er es nicht rechtzeitig schaffen würde, wenn er die landesweite Übertragung machen möchte. Er muss sich zwischen Familie und Karriere entscheiden und entscheidet sich für Karriere. Plötzlich erscheint auch Michael, den Rob für einen Psychopathen hält, und meint, dass er seine Zeit besser nutzen solle. Daher versucht er sich bei seiner enttäuschten und verstimmten Frau mit dem Kauf eines neuen Hauses zu entschuldigen. Stattdessen muss gerät er aber in einen Streit mit ihr, da das nicht das Leben sei, dass sie sich vorgestellt hätte und immer andere Träume als Reichtum verfolgen wollte. Daher stellt sie ihn vor die Entscheidung, was ihm wichtiger sei, entweder seine Familie oder seine Karriere. Obwohl er scheinbar immer noch Teil der Familie sein will, reist er ab, um weitere Termine mit Heather wahrzunehmen. In der Ferne muss er allerdings nicht nur erfahren, dass seine Tochter eine Schulaufführung weinend verließ, weil sie ihren Vater vermisste, sondern auch, dass Heather sich ihm näherte.

Er will unbedingt zu seiner Familie zurück und erfährt plötzlich von Michael, dass er nicht mehr lange zu leben hat. Er wird Weihnachten sterben. Bis dahin soll er sich Gedanken machen, wie er seine letzten Zeit auf Erden verbringen will. Er kann es sich nicht erklären, aber immer mehr Hinweise deuten darauf hin, dass Michael recht hat, weswegen er nach Hause fährt und herausfinden will, was ihm wichtig ist und wie er es verhindern kann, dass er Weihnachten nicht sterben wird. Also überwindet er seinen Stolz, spricht mit seinem Vater und wobei er sich dafür bedankt, dass er in einer schweren Zeit immer bei seinen Kindern war. Er geht auch zu seiner alten Arbeit, wo er die Beförderung annimmt und somit Stuarts Job absichert. Außerdem kommt er Weihnachten nach Hause und verbringt, gegen den Willen Allysons, aber mit der Liebe seiner Tochter, ein schönes Fest. Als letztes Geschenk vermacht er Allyson eine teure Halskette und entschuldigt sich dafür, dass er die Karriere über seine Familie stellte. Er verabschiedet sich, um alleine zu sterben. Doch Camille sucht ihn auf und bittet Rob zu Kirche. Dort sieht er, wie Michael in der Kanzel predigt und davon erzählt, wie dieser Menschen im ganzen Land traf und ihnen erzählte, dass sie sterben werden, nur um herauszufinden, wie sie reagieren. Rob ist wütend, dass er dieser Lüge aufsaß, aber erkennt, dass er nur durch diesen Trick für verstehen konnte, was in seinem Leben das Wichtigste ist. Camille entschuldigt sich bei Rob, dass ihr Plan etwas überhandnahm und Rob mit seiner Todesangst kämpfen musste. Aber Rob entschuldigt sich auch, wie er seinem Ehrgeiz erlegen war und seine Familie vernachlässigte. Aber jetzt ist er für seine Familie da, die er nun in seine Arme schließen kann.

Kritik
In der Variety wunderte sich die Filmkritikerin Laura Fries, dass der Film zwar Glaubensthemen nutze, aber im Grunde genommen die Veränderung nur durch Angst erzeugt würde, weswegen sie meinte, dass "Angst die neue Schuld sei." Von daher sei die Aufforderung des Films, sich Prioritäten im Leben zu setzen und seine Zeit besser zu nutzen, als "guter Rat anzusehen, vor allen Dingen hier."

"Weihnachtsfilme haben Verachtung für Erfolg. Nur solide Mittelklasse ist okay," meinte Gillian Flynn von Entertainment Weekly. Er wunderte sich, warum es im Film schlecht sei, sich bessere Dinge zu wünschen. Lloyds "mystische Figur ist nicht hilfreich" und Lowe spiele "stoisch und aufrichtig." Außerdem stelle der Film "die Hauptfigur nicht unsympathisch genug dar, als dass diese eine Lektion verdient hätte." Sie sei durch den Verlust der Familie und der Notwendigkeit harter Entscheidungen "unglücklicher, aber nicht hasserfüllt."

Das Lexikon des internationalen Films meinte, dass der Film eine "Weihnachtsgeschichte, die kein Klischee auslässt, um sentimentale Festtagsunterhaltung zu bieten," sei.

Veröffentlichung
In den USA wurde der Film landesweit zum ersten Mal am 18. Dezember 2006 ausgestrahlt, bevor eine deutschsprachige DVD-Veröffentlichung am 6. Dezember 2007 anstand.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 2006
US-amerikanischer Film
Familienfilm
Weihnachtsfilm
Literaturverfilmung

Ein vollkommener Tag


Tonny er en kortfilm instrueret af Jesper Vidkjær Rasmussen efter manuskript af Jesper Vidkjær Rasmussen, Rune Lünell.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2010
Kortfilm fra Danmark

Tonny (film fra 2010)


Horné Lefantovce (deutsch Oberelefant, ungarisch Felsőelefánt) ist eine Gemeinde im Westen der Slowakei mit  Einwohnern (Stand ), die zum Okres Nitra, einem Teil des Nitriansky kraj gehört.

Geographie
Die Gemeinde befindet sich am Westhang des Gebirges Tribeč im Neutratal. Das Ortszentrum liegt auf einer Höhe von  und ist 20 Kilometer von Nitra gelegen.

Geschichte
Horné Lefantovce wurde zum ersten Mal 1113 als Villa Elefant schriftlich erwähnt, als getrennter Ort dann 1291 als Fenlefanch. Bedeutende Grundbesitzer im Mittelalter waren neben dem Geschlecht Elefánt auch Kaplay. 1369 entstand ein Paulinerkloster, dessen Mitglieder bis 1785, drei Jahre nach der Auflösung des Ordens, im Ort blieben. 1713 wurde die erste Schule gegründet.

Von 1976 bis 2002 war der Ort mit Dolné Lefantovce (deutsch Unterelefant, ungarisch Alsóelefánt) Teil der einheitlichen Gemeinde Lefantovce.

Bevölkerung
Ergebnisse der Volkszählung 2001 (1451 Einwohner):

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Renaissance-Landschloss mit zwei Eckbastionen von 1618
 spätbarockes Landschloss von 1744
 römisch-katholische Kirche des Heiligen Martin von 1808
 Gebäude des Paulinerklosters, 1948 zur Heilanstalt umgewandelt

Weblinks

Ort in der Slowakei
Ersterwähnung 1113

Horné Lefantovce


Peter Jonas, né le  à Vienne (Autriche), est un patineur artistique autrichien. Il participe aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1960 et de 1964, et est médaillé de bronze aux championnats européens de 1965.

Biographie

Carrière sportive
Peter Jonas est quadruple champion d'Autriche entre 1961 et 1964.

Il représente son pays à neuf championnats européens (1957 à Vienne, 1958 à Bratislava, 1959 à Davos, 1960 à Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 1961 à Berlin, 1962 à Genève, 1963 à Budapest, 1964 à Grenoble et 1965 à Moscou où il conquiert une médaille de bronze), six mondiaux (1958 à Paris, 1960 à Vancouver, 1962 à Prague, 1963 à Cortina d'Ampezzo, 1964 à Dortmund et 1965 à Colorado Springs), et à deux Jeux olympiques d'hiver (1960 à Squaw Valley et 1964 dans son pays à Innsbruck).

Il arrête les compétitions sportives après les mondiaux de 1965.

Reconversion
Après sa carrière sportive, Peter Jonas travaille comme entraîneur principalement à Dortmund, Oberstdorf et Vienne. Les athlètes allemandes bien connues dont il s'est occupé sont Patricia Neske, Simone Lang, Astrid Hochstetter, Sarah Jentgens et Tanja Szewczenko.

Palmarès

Notes et références

Liens externes

Patineur artistique autrichien
Entraîneur autrichien de patinage artistique
Naissance en juin 1941
Naissance à Vienne (Autriche)
Patineur artistique aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1960
Patineur artistique aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1964

Peter Jonas


Millî Birlik Komitesi, 27 Mayıs 1960 tarihinde Demokrat Parti Hükûmetini darbeyle devirerek siyasi iktidarı ele alan ve sonradan başına Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanı Orgeneral Cemal Gürsel'in getirildiği Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerine mensup otuz sekiz kişilik bir askerî cuntadır.

Tarihçe
Otuz sekiz kişilik komitenin üye sayısı, 12 Eylül 1960 tarihinde üyelerinden İrfan Baştuğ'un Ankara-İstanbul kara yolunda trafik kazasında ölmesi sonrasında otuz yedi kişiye düştü. Orgeneral Cemal Gürsel'in onayıyla Korgeneral Cemal Madanoğlu'nun yürüttüğü bir tasfiye sonucu, demokratik yaşama geçişe karşı çıkarak ordunun yönetimde kalmasını savunan Alparslan Türkeş liderliğindeki on dört üyenin yurt dışına "görevli" olarak gönderilmesi ile üye sayısı yirmi üçe düştü. Tasfiye edilen bu gruba "Ondörtler" denmektedir. Bu işlem için komite 13 Kasım 1960 tarihinde kendini feshetti ve on dört üyesini görevden alarak yeni bir komite halinde tekrar kuruldu. Görevden alınan üyeler, dünyanın değişik yerlerinde iki yıllık mecburi hizmetle görevlendirilerek sürgüne gönderildiler. 6 Haziran 1961 tarihinde Cemal Madanoğlu'nun Silahlı Kuvvetler Birliğinin yönetime ağırlığını koyması üzerine istifa ederek emekliye ayrılmasıyla üye sayısı yirmi ikiye düştü.

Komite, çıkardığı ilk kanunla birlikte 1924 Anayasası'nın birçok hükmünü değiştiren geçici bir anayasal süreç başlattı. Bu süreçle beraber yeni bir anayasa düzenlenmesine dair çalışmalar da başlamış oldu. Hazırlanan yeni anayasanın 9 Temmuz 1961 tarihinde kabulü ile, 15 Ekim 1961 tarihinde yapılan genel seçimlerden sonra seçilen milletvekilleri ile kurulan 12. TBMM Dönemi, 25 Ekim 1961 tarihinde toplanarak askerî rejime ve dolayısıyla Millî Birlik Komitesine son verdi. Komite üyeleri, yeni anayasa gereği kurulan Cumhuriyet Senatosunun kaydıhayat (yaşam boyu) şartıyla tabii üyeleri oldular.

Millî Birlik Komitesi, görevine şu yemini ederek başlamıştır:

"Bir karşılık beklemeden; ahlak, adalet, hukuk ve insan hakları prensiplerinden ve vicdani kanaatlerimden başka bir sınırla bağlı olmaksızın kendimi Türk milletine adadım. Vatanın ve milletin mutluluğuna ve milletin egemenliğine aykırı bir ülkü gütmeyeceğim. Demokratik cumhuriyeti, yeni anayasaya göre düzenlemek ve iktidarı yeni Meclis'e devretmek ülküsüne bağlılıktan ayrılmayacağım. Bunun için şerefim, namusum ve bütün mukaddesatım üzerine ant içerim."

Millî Birlik Komitesi üyeleri
Komite üyelerinin yaş ortalaması 41,1 olup, en yaşlı üye 65 yaşında olan Cemal Gürsel, en genç üye ise henüz 27 yaşında olan Muzaffer Özdağ olmuştur.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Ondörtler

Dipnotlar

27 Mayıs Darbesi
TBMM 1960-1961 MBK üyesi

Millî Birlik Komitesi


Jelenovo uho, znana i kao zajčeki (lat. Polyporus umbellatus), gljiva je iz porodice Polyporaceae. Mladi su primjerci jestivi i vrlo ukusni, a smatra se i za ljekovitu gljivu te  se kao takva dugo koristi u Kini i Japanu.

Raširenost
Raste u srednjoj i istočnoj Europi, te Aziji i Sjevernoj Americi.

Bioaktivni spojevi
Jelenovo uho može sadržavati bioaktivne spojeve s imunostimulirajućim, antikancerogenim, protuupalnim i hepatoprotektivnim svojstvima.

Dodatna literatura

Knjige
Višnevskij,M. Lekarstvene gribi - boljšaja enciklopedija, Moskva 2014.

Periodika
Zhao YY, Zhao Y, Zhang YM, Lin RC, Sun WJ. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the diuretic component ergone in Polyporus umbellatus by HPLC with fluorescence detection and HPLC-APCI-MS/MS.
Pharmazie. 2009 Jun;64(6):366-70. PMID: 19618671
 Li X, Xu W, Chen J (2010). "Polysaccharide purified from Polyporus umbellatus (Per) Fr induces the activation and maturation of murine bone-derived dendritic cells via toll-like receptor 4". Cell Immunol. 265 (1): 50–6. doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.07.002. PMID 20673883.
 Zhao YY, Chao X, Zhang Y, Lin RC, Sun WJ (2010). "Cytotoxic Steroids from Polyporus umbellatus". Planta Med. 76 (15): 1755–8. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1249926. PMID 20458671.
Zhao,Y.Y. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and quality control of Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries: a review ,J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Aug 26;149(1):35-48.doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.031. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
 Sun Y, Yasukawa K (2008). "New anti-inflammatory ergostane-type ecdysteroids from the sclerotium of Polyporus umbellatus". Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 18 (11): 3417–20. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.008. PMID 18439824.
 Zhou WW, Lin WH, Guo SX (2007). "Two new polyporusterones isolated from the sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus". Chem Pharm Bull. 55 (8): 1148–50. doi:10.1248/cpb.55.1148. PMID 17666835.
 You JS, Hau DM, Chen KT, Huang HF (1994). "Combined effects of chuling (Polyporus umbellatus) extract and mitomycin C on experimental liver cancer". Am J Chin Med. 22 (1): 19–28. doi:10.1142/S0192415X94000048. PMID 8030616.
 Ohsawa T, Yukawa M, Takao C, Murayama M, Bando H (1992). "Studies on constituents of fruit body of Polyporus umbellatus and their cytotoxic activity". Chem Pharm Bull. 40 (1): 143–7. doi:10.1248/cpb.40.143. PMID 1576664.
 Zhang YH, Liu YL, Yan SC (1991). "[Effect of Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharide on function of macrophages in the peritoneal cavities of mice with liver lesions]". Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 11 (4): 225–6, 198. PMID 1773459.
 Lin YF, Wu GL (1988). "[Protective effect of Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharide on toxic hepatitis in mice]". Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 9 (4): 345–8. PMID 3195347.

Vanjske poveznice
 Jelenovo uho, plantea.com.hr

Izvori

Ljekovite gljive

Jelenovo uho


Nerone est le mot italien pour .

Culture et société

Cinéma et télévision
  (Néron et Messaline) est un film italien réalisé par Primo Zeglio, sorti en 1953.
 Imperium : Nerone est un téléfilm italien, français, allemand et tunisien réalisé par Paul Marcus, diffusé en 2004 à la télévision.
  (Les Week-ends de Néron) est un film franco-italien réalisé par Steno, sorti en 1956.
  (O.K. Néron !) est un film italien réalisé par Mario Soldati, sorti en 1951.

Musique
 Nerone est un opéra en trois actes du compositeur Pietro Mascagni (1935), sur un livret de Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti, d'après la pièce Nerone (1872) de Pietro Cossa.
 Nerone est un opéra en quatre actes composé par Arrigo Boito, sur un livret en italien écrit par le compositeur.

Toponyme

 le mont Nerone, une montagne du massif des Apennins culminant à  d'altitude, située sur les communes d'Apecchio, Cagli et Piobbico (province de Pesaro et d'Urbino, région des Marches) ;
 Tomba di Nerone, une zone de Rome située au nord-ouest de la capitale.

Nerone (homonymie)


(en français Faire tomber les barrières) est la chanson représentant l'Autriche au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1990. Elle est interprétée par Simone.

Eurovision
La finale nationale autrichienne a lieu le . Le gagnant est choisi à moitié par un télévote et à moitié par un jury d'experts. Le vainqueur de la finale est Duett avec la chanson Das Beste, mais elle est disqualifiée après la révélation que le groupe avait concouru avec la même chanson lors de la demi-finale du concours allemand en 1988. Le gagnant est la chanson à la deuxième place,  interprétée par Simone.

La chanson est une ballade dramatique, dans laquelle Simone chante la liberté apportée par la chute du mur de Berlin. Conformément au thème multinational, la chanson contient des paroles en anglais, français et serbo-croate.

La chanson est la douzième de la soirée, suivant Insieme: 1992 interprétée par Toto Cutugno pour l'Italie et précédant Milós polí interprétée par Haris Anastazio pour Chypre.

À la fin des votes, elle obtient 58 points et finit dixième des vingt-deux participants.

Points attribués à l'Autriche

Single
Le titre atteint la  place des ventes autrichiennes.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Autriche au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1990
 Autriche au Concours Eurovision de la chanson
 Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1990

Liens externes

Chanson représentant l'Autriche au Concours Eurovision de la chanson
Chanson de l'Eurovision de 1990
Chanson en allemand
Single musical sorti en 1990

Keine Mauern mehr


Matorin ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Michail Wladimirowitsch Matorin (1901–1976), sowjetischer Grafiker
 Vladimir Matorin (* 1948), russischer Opernsänger (Bass)

Matorin


Lisbeth Bonde (f. 7. maj 1956) er en dansk kunstskribent.

Hun er cand.mag. i dansk og kunsthistorie ved Københavns Universitet. Kunstredaktør ved Dagbladet Information 1994-2002. Skribent på Weekendavisen 2002-2013. Skriver nu for Kristeligt Dagblad, Bo Bedre og Kunsten.nu.

Hun har skrevet og redigeret en række bøger om kunst, heriblandt Manual til dansk samtidskunst (sammen med Mette Sandbye, 2006) og Hvorfor kunst? (2007, sammen med Maria Fabricius Hansen).

Siden 2014 formand for AICA - Foreningen af danske kunstkritikere.

Kunsthistorikere fra Danmark
Personer i Kraks Blå Bog

Lisbeth Bonde


Hakari, također Akari i Akera (armenski: Հակարի, azerski: Həkəri, Əkərə, ruski: Хакари, Акари, Акера) je rijeka većim dijelom u Azerbajdžanu, a koja jednim dijelom, južno od Lačina, čini granicu s Armenijom. Duga je 170 kilometara. Površina porječja iznosi 2.570 km2. Izvor rijeke se nalazi u Karabaškom visočju. Hakari je lijeva pritoka rijeke Arasa. Hakari ima nekoliko pritoka, od kojih je najznačajnijih Vorotan.

Izvori

Rijeke u azijskom dijelu Azerbajdžana
Pritoke Arasa

Hakari