Abu Salem ( ; born Abu Salem Abdul Qayoom Ansari), also known as Aqil Ahmed Azmi and Abu Samaan, is an Indian criminal gangster and terrorist from Azamgarh district in Uttar Pradesh, Central India. Abu Salem worked in the D-Company (Dawood Ibrahim gang) as a driver transporting artillery and contraband. Later he rose among the ranks after he introduced a new strategy of hiring unemployed youths from his hometown Azamgarh to come to Mumbai, execute shoot-outs and return the next day remaining untraced by the Mumbai police. He is currently serving a life sentence in India.

Salem is infamous for terrorizing the Bollywood film industry by extorting money from film producers and usurping the overseas distribution rights. It is believed that Salem was the mastermind behind threatening Bollywood film producers Gulshan Kumar, Subhash Ghai, Rajiv Rai and Rakesh Roshan. While his gang members assassinated Gulshan Kumar in 1997, they failed in their attempt to assassinate Rajiv Rai and Rakesh Roshan. He was also involved in several murders and extortion, among other crimes. He was later arrested in 2002 in Portugal on charges of using a fake passport and extradited to India. He was tried and convicted in some cases and was sentenced to life imprisonment in 2015.

Early life
Abu Salem was born in 1969 (according to the CBI; although the Mumbai police says, 1962; some reports suggest 1968) into a lower-middle-class family in Sarai Mir village of Azamgarh district, Uttar Pradesh. He was the second youngest amongst four brothers, though some reports maintain that he was the eldest of four brothers. His father was a lawyer by profession who was killed in a road accident. He started a small mechanic shop in his home town to support his family. He studied in a primary school in Azamgarh and left the village after completing his inter college. He moved to Delhi, where he worked as a taxi driver. In 1985, he came to Bombay to earn a livelihood. He worked as a bread delivery boy between Bandra and Andheri and worked at a garment shop in Andheri West in 1986. Later, he became a real estate broker who operated from Arasa Market in Andheri West in 1987. In 1988, he assaulted a colleague over a monetary issue, resulting in the first case against him registered at Andheri police station. In the meantime, he married Samira Jumani from Jogeshwari, whom he divorced later. He has two sons from her. He loved film and reportedly named his sons after Bollywood actors. His elder brother Abu Hatim, also known as "Chunchun Miyan", owns a shop in his native village.

Involvement in organized crime
In the 1980s, he started working for his cousin Akthar who had a cheap electronics shop near Andheri railway station. Akhtar also worked for Sayyed Topi, a Dawood Ibrahim gang leader in the Andheri area. Later Abu Salem started a travel agency at Santa Cruz with J K Ibrahim who worked for the Dawood gang. From 1989 to 1993, Salem worked as a driver for the D-Company (Dawood Ibrahim gang) and he delivered weapons, illegal cash and goods to different gang members in Bombay. His proficiency at delivering goods at the right time and place earned him the nickname Abu Samaan. In 1992, he supplied weapons to film actor Sanjay Dutt. He played an active role in March 1993 Bombay serial bomb blasts which killed over 250 people, left 700 injured and damaged property worth Rs 270 million. In 1993, he left the country and moved to Dubai, United Arab Emirates when the police started rounding up suspects in serial blasts case. He had a business establishment there called Kings of Car Trading.

In the mid-nineties, many sharp shooters from D-company were killed either by the Chhota Rajan gang or in police encounters.
Salem successfully introduced a new strategy of hiring unemployed Muslim youths from his hometown Azamgarh to come to Mumbai, carry off the shooting and return to Azamgarh the next day. Those youths were paid a paltry sum compared to sharp shooters and the Mumbai police also could not track them as the youths had no criminal record with the Bombay police.
Soon Abu Salem got the support of Anees Ibrahim (Dawood's brother) and he rose to prominence within the gang.
Because of his smooth talking skills, Salem was given the responsibility to manage the Bollywood deals and film financing for Dawood.

He organised stage shows where he invited actors. He was involved in extorting from the Hindi film industry, channelling illicit money into film production, forcibly getting the dates of stars, and usurping overseas rights. Salem first worked under Chhota Shakeel but later split and took to threatening film personalities for extortion. In mid-1997, reportedly went to Pakistan to make arrangements for the marriage of Dawood's brother Humayun. Salem is believed to be the mastermind behind the murder of music baron Gulshan Kumar on 12 August 1997 without Dawood's consent.

His gang members also attempted to shoot at Bollywood film directors, Rajiv Rai and Rakesh Roshan when they refused to yield to his extortion demands. Salem fled Dubai, fearing Dawood's wrath. He finally parted ways with Dawood after being sidelined in 1998. His friction with Shakeel and Dawood's favouring of Shakeel is believed to be the reason behind Salem's split from the D-Company. In 2000, he planned kidnapping of Milton Plastics owner for ransom of Rs 30 million. In January 2001, his men shot Ajit Diwani, personal secretary to film actress Manisha Koirala. In October 2001, four members of his gang were shot in Bandra before they could target film personalities Aamir Khan, Ashutosh Gowarikar and Jhamu Sughand. In July 2002, two shooters of Salem's gang opened fire on film director Lawrence D'souza who survived. He also attempted to kill cine figures Rajiv Rai, Rakesh Roshan and Manmohan Shetty.

Arrest, extradition and trial
He was convicted for the 1993 Bombay serial blasts case, and murder of music baron Gulshan Kumar in 1996, shooting at Indian actress Manisha's secretary, murdering a property builder and more than 50 other cases.

On 20 September 2002, he was arrested along with Monica Bedi by Interpol in Lisbon, Portugal. His satellite phone was tracked using GPS technology. Monica Bedi was a film actress who reportedly had relationship with him. In February 2004, a Portugal court cleared his extradition to India to face trial in the 1993 Bombay bomb blasts case. In November 2005, Portuguese authorities handed him over to India on the assurance by the Government of India that the death penalty would not be handed out. When Salem was in Lisbon fighting India's extradition attempt, the only proof that he was indeed Salem was provided by the fingerprint and photographs taken after his arrest in 1991. Monica Bedi was also extradited to India and later convicted of passport forgery in 2006 and served her imprisonment but she was not involved in any of the businesses operated by Abu Salem.

In March 2006, a special Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act court filed eight charges against him and his alleged associate Riaz Siddiqui for his role in the 1993 Mumbai serial blasts case. He stands accused of ferrying and distributing weapons.

A lower court in Portugal cancelled his extradition to India for violation of deportation rules by Indian authorities by instituting fresh cases against him that attracted the death penalty. In July 2012, the Portuguese Supreme Court of Justice
questioned the legal right of Indian authorities to challenge the cancellation of extradition order.

On 27 June 2013, Salem was shot by Devendra Jagtap, an accused person in the Shahid Azmi murder case inside Taloja Central Jail in neighbouring Navi Mumbai, the police said. Salem sustained injury to his hand as Jagtap fired one round.

Abu Salem was convicted in Pradeep Jain murder case on 16 February 2015. Jain, a city-based builder, was shot dead outside his Juhu bungalow on 7 March 1995. Nameem Khan, an accused in the case had turned approver. Riyaz Siddiqui, another accused in the case had turned approver then retracted and is being tried separately. He was sentenced life imprisonment in Pradeep Jain murder case on 25 February 2015.

Abu Salem, Mustafa Dossa, and 4 others were convicted by a Special CBI court in Mumbai on 16 June 2017 in connection with the 1993 Bombay blasts case. Salem is currently lodged in Mumbai's Arthur Road Jail. Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act Court Gives Life Imprisonment To Abu Salem in Mumbai 1993 Blast Case.

In 2010, a violent clash broke out between the gangster Abu Salem and Mustafa Dossa, which let to Salem's face being slashed with a sharpened spoon.

On 7 June 2018, A Delhi court held him guilty for extorting Delhi businessman Ashok Gupta and sentenced him to seven years in prison. In 2002, Salem called Gupta asking him to call a number in Dubai. Salem had threatened Gupta and his family.

Music Debut
In August 2013, Punjabi singer Sukhwinder Singh Maan alias Sukha Delhi wala revealed that he would release a song composed by Abu Salem while lodged in Tihar Jail, in his next Music Album. The Music Album shall also feature many other celebrities like Rahul Mahajan and Vindu Dara Singh.

Net worth
Abu Salem is said to be a billionaire gangster worth Rs. 55 billion (Approx $0.67 billion). His cash and property have been valued at least Rs 10 billion, which is divided between him and his wife, Samira Jumani. While Salem stakes a claim to Rs 2 billion, his wife possess Rs 8 billion in cash and property. Salem's investments in Bollywood and hawala rackets are estimated to be at least another Rs 30 billion. The CBI arrived at the figures on the basis of one-years transactions (2000–2001), and are said to be a conservative estimate.

Salem possessed a non-immigrant work visa in the US, where he was employed as a maintenance manager for a marine engineering company. As he operated under different names, he could buy property worth crores, despite his employment background. Preliminary calculations by the CBI reveal transactions worth Rs 2 billion were carried out by Salem in the year 2000 itself. Details of his earlier transactions were not known as his whereabouts are not known. Police sources say that his anonymous but legal businesses in the Middle East are run by his close associates.

Personal life
He married Samira Jumani, a 17-year-old college girl, in 1991 with whom he has a son. Samira currently lives in Duluth, Gwinnett County, Georgia, United States. Post Salem's arrest in Portugal, she told interviewers that he was a "violent psychotic man" and she was forced into marriage.

In September 2002, Abu Salem and his partner Monica Bedi, were arrested and later served prison sentences in Portugal for entering the country on forged documents. In 2006, an Indian Court convicted Bedi for procuring a passport on a fictitious name. In November 2010, the Supreme Court of India upheld her conviction but reduced the prison sentence to the period that she had already served.

References

External links
"Abu Salem arrested in Lisbon" – rediff.com article dated 20 September 2002
India's Dreaded Gangster
Abu Salem Captured
"Abu Salem: A dossier" – rediff.com article dated 21 February 2005

1968 births
Living people
Indian gangsters
D-Company
20th-century Indian Muslims
Criminals from Uttar Pradesh
People from Azamgarh
Indian extortionists
Indian crime bosses
Indian people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by India
People extradited to India
1993 Bombay bombings
Criminals from Mumbai
Crime in the United Arab Emirates
Indian taxi drivers
Indian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Prisoners and detainees of Maharashtra
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by India

Abu Salem


Louise Elizabeth Redknapp (née Nurding; born 4 November 1974) is an English singer and media personality. She was a member of Eternal, an R&B girl group which debuted in 1993 with their quadruple-platinum studio album Always & Forever. In 1995, she departed from the group for a solo career. Aside from music, Redknapp has presented several television shows and was a judge on the UK version of So You Think You Can Dance. She was married to the English former footballer Jamie Redknapp. In 2016, Redknapp reached the final in the fourteenth series of BBC One's Strictly Come Dancing. Redknapp's memoir entitled You've Got This: And Other Things I Wish I Had Known was released in 2021.

Redknapp has released four studio albums: Naked (1996), Woman in Me (1997), Elbow Beach (2000) and, following a 17-year hiatus from recording, Heavy Love (2020). Redknapp's Greatest Hits was released on 2 June 2023 and contains reimagined versions of her past singles plus five new songs. As of 2023, Redknapp has sold over 5 million records in the UK and 15 million records worldwide.

Early life and education
Redknapp was born Louise Elizabeth Nurding in Lewisham, London. Her father was a builder and her mother worked at Gatwick Airport. Redknapp and her two younger brothers grew up in Eltham, London, and Oxted, Surrey. She describes herself as having come from a single-parent family with her mother.

At the age of 11, Redknapp won a scholarship to the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts in London, where she met her future Eternal colleague Kéllé Bryan on her first day.

Career

1989–1995: Career beginnings and Eternal
While out clubbing at the age of 15, Redknapp met the music producer Denis Ingoldsby, who was forming an all-girl group. She subsequently introduced Denis to Kéllé Bryan. Kéllé and Redknapp, together with sisters Easther and Vernie Bennett, formed the band Eternal in 1992. The group performed R&B, and recorded a number of hits during the 1990s. Eternal's debut single "Stay" entered the UK charts at number sixteen and climbed to number four. Redknapp left the group in 1995 to pursue a solo career, amid unsubstantiated rumours that she was forced to leave because a radio station in the United States dedicated to black music would not promote the racially mixed group. Redknapp says that she left because she was miserable and homesick.

1995–1997: Naked and Woman in Me
In late 1995, Redknapp signed a record deal with First Avenue management and EMI Records. Now professionally known simply as "Louise", her debut solo single was the orchestral ballad "Light of My Life" (which reached number eight on the UK charts). Her second solo release, "In Walked Love" (previously a hit from the self-titled 1992 album by the dance/pop group Exposé), fared less well and missed the UK top ten. However, Redknapp's third single, "Naked", turned things around and became her biggest hit to date, peaking at number five in the UK. Redknapp's debut solo album, also entitled Naked, was subsequently released in 1996 on the back of the single's success. The album received lukewarm reviews, but nevertheless peaked at number seven on the UK Albums Chart. It was later certified Platinum by the BPI for over 400,000 copies sold in the UK alone and over a million copies worldwide. Two further singles were released: "Undivided Love" (UK No. 5) and "One Kiss from Heaven" (UK No. 9).

In 1997, Redknapp returned with the single "Arms Around the World", which reached number four in the UK. Her second solo album, Woman in Me, peaked at number five in the UK and went on to gain platinum status in the UK and sold over a million units worldwide. The album also made an impact across Europe, charting in a number of countries. To support and celebrate the success of the album, Redknapp embarked on a UK-wide 'sell-out' arena tour of over twenty dates, including Wembley Arena. "Let's Go Round Again" (a cover of a song by the Average White Band) was the second single released from the album, which reached number ten. She was voted "Sexiest Woman in the World" by the readers of SKY Magazine in 1997.

1998–2001: Elbow Beach and Changing Faces
At the start of 1998, Redknapp's career was at a high point: her second album had gone platinum, she was on the cover of magazines such as Smash Hits and GQ, and she had been voted Sexiest Woman in the World by the readers of FHM magazine.

In 1998, Redknapp focused on making what she described as her "most personal album to date", Elbow Beach, released in 2000. Redknapp was more involved in the process of this album than her previous two, co-writing all 12 tracks and co-producing most of them.

The lead single from Elbow Beach, the R&B-styled "2 Faced" went straight into the charts at number three, and became Redknapp's highest-charting single. Despite initial hype and critical praise, total sales for Elbow Beach were weaker than the previous two productions, and the album peaked at number twelve. The same year, Redknapp was hired to 'sex up' the 2000 National Egg Awareness Campaign.

After Elbow Beach was released, Redknapp had one album left on her five-album deal with EMI (including Eternal's Always and Forever). In 2001, the label decided to release a greatest hits compilation, incorporating all of her top ten hit singles (including those she had performed with Eternal), called Changing Faces – The Best of Louise. The collection featured three new tracks, including a cover of Five Star's 1987 hit "The Slightest Touch". The album peaked at number nine in the UK, and she embarked on the second solo tour of her career.

EMI later released a second greatest hits album entitled Finest Moments, with a slightly different track listing.

2002–2016: Music hiatus
In 2002, Redknapp signed a £1.5 million contract with her manager Oliver Smallman's Positive Records (a division of Universal Music) to record her fourth solo album. The album was due for release in 2004 alongside the single "Bounce Back". However, due to the singer becoming pregnant with her son Charley, the album was never released. The only single released from the album was the double A-side "Pandora's Kiss"/"Don't Give Up", which peaked at number five and raised money for Tickled Pink/Breast Cancer Care. The unreleased album saw Redknapp work with the likes of Sylvia Bennett Smith and Marc 'M2E' Smith, Mark Hill and Pete Martin. The album would also have included Redknapp's first duet with boy band 3rd Wish on the track "Don't Ever Change". In the July 2004 edition of FHM magazine, Redknapp was named the "Sexiest Woman of the Decade".

2017–present: Heavy Love and Greatest Hits
In August 2017, Redknapp posted a picture of herself in the recording studio on her Instagram account, showing that she had been working on new music. On 13 September 2017, Redknapp revealed she would be returning to the music industry by announcing her first live show in more than 15 years at Under The Bridge in London on 22 December 2017. Titled 'Intimate & Live', the show had enough demand for tickets selling out in under 5 minutes, leading promoters and Redknapp to announce additional dates for January 2018 in Manchester, Glasgow, and Birmingham. On 1 February 2018, Warner/Chappell UK confirmed Redknapp had signed a deal with them to release new material later in the year. In February 2019, Redknapp announced she had signed a global record deal with ADA / Warner Music. On 25 March 2019, Redknapp announced that her fourth solo album Heavy Love would be released on 18 October 2019. The lead single, "Stretch", was released on 26 March 2019 to critical acclaim. She then released follow-up singles "Lead Me On", "Small Talk", "Breaking Back Together", "Not the Same" and "Hurt" as a bonus single after announcing Heavy Love was to be pushed back to a 2020 release.

On 10 November 2022, Redknapp released the single "Super Magic". In an interview with Fault magazine, Redknapp shared, "I wanted to make music I loved rather than just ticking a box for what worked in the industry. I think I've forever had to fight to prove myself [...] I'm still fighting to prove myself. I feel that the hardest hurdle is to keep on knocking down those doors to prove myself." "Super Magic" is Redknapp's first release under BMG. It debuted at number 89 on the UK Official Singles Downloads Chart Top 100 on 18 November 2022.

On 12 January 2023, Redknapp announced that her Greatest Hits collection, spanning thirty years in the music industry, would be released in June 2023. The compilation will contain five new songs, including a cover of Janet Jackson's 1997 single "Together Again". In the same month, Louise revealed she had been cast as Teen Angel in the summer 2023 production of Grease. Louise released reimagined versions of her singles "Just A Step From Heaven" and "Naked" as promotional singles from her Greatest Hits compilation. Her single "High Hopes" was released on 27 April 2023. On 1 June 2023, Louise performed in concert at the Shepherd's Bush Empire; Michelle Gayle appeared as a guest and former Eternal bandmate Kéllé Bryan made a surprise appearance on stage to perform 1994 single "Crazy". Louise's compilation album Greatest Hits was released on 2 June 2023.

On 25 September 2023, it was reported that Louise and her former bandmate Kéllé Bryan had pulled out of a planned Eternal reunion tour scheduled for 2024 after a row occurred because their former bandmates, sisters Easther and Vernie Bennett, refused to play at LGBTQ and Pride events.

Television career
On television, Redknapp has presented editions of SMTV Live, CD:UK, Soccer Aid: Extra Time, This Morning, three series of the revived The Clothes Show for UKTV Style, and in March 2007 the controversial documentary The Truth About Size Zero for ITV.

Louise Redknapp has been seen as the face of a number of advertising campaigns: the "Safe and White" campaign for Boots, Flora's "Omega 3" products, Boots and BT. She became brand ambassador for Orbit gum in 2007 and a model for Avon. In autumn 2007, Redknapp was unveiled as the new face of Triumph lingerie for 2007, 2008 and 2009. In November 2008, her family were also unveiled as the Nintendo Wii Family for their Christmas 2008 advertising campaign, followed by The Louise Redknapp Nintendo Wii Fit Campaign in March 2009. In 2010, Louise and Jamie Redknapp fronted a new campaign by Thomas Cook promoting their holidays on TV and throughout the media.

In 2009, Louise Redknapp filmed a follow-up documentary The Truth About Super Skinny Pregnancies displaying the pressures on women to stay in shape during and after their pregnancies. Later that year in September 2009, Redknapp presented The Farmer Wants a Wife for Five, a relaunch of a series that originally appeared on ITV in 2001. In 2009, Redknapp was also announced as the face of online fashion retailer Fashion Union. The following year in January 2010, Redknapp took over as the full-time presenter of the BBC Sunday morning programme Something for the Weekend for two years.

Redknapp was a judge on the UK version of So You Think You Can Dance, broadcast on BBC One. In 2011, Redknapp made her acting debut alongside Ray Winstone as Diana Smith in the feature film The Hot Potato. Redknapp had a cosmetic range named Wild About Beauty, which she launched with make-up artist Kim Jacob; which she sold in 2017.

On 15 August 2016, Redknapp was announced as a contestant for the fourteenth series of Strictly Come Dancing. She reached the 2016 finals with professional dancer Kevin Clifton. In April 2018, Redknapp made her radio debut, guest-presenting two evening shows on Heart, on Sunday 8 April and Sunday 15 April. On 23 October 2018, Redknapp recorded herself narrating Roald Dahl's The Enormous Crocodile for an audio cassette release.

In May 2021, Redknapp appeared on The Masked Dancer masked as Flamingo. She was the second celebrity to be unmasked. That same month, Redknapp appeared on the first series of BBC game show I Can See Your Voice, performing "Let's Go Round Again".

Other endeavours
In 2003, Redknapp published a magazine called Icon, aimed solely at professional sports stars and celebrities with then-husband Jamie Redknapp and former footballer Tim Sherwood. They later sold the magazine to another publisher.

Personal life
Louise Nurding married football player Jamie Redknapp at a ceremony in Bermuda on 29 June 1998. They have two sons. Prior to giving birth to her first son, Louise Redknapp suffered from endometriosis which was treated with laser surgery. The couple confirmed in September 2017 that they had separated. A family court in central London granted a decree nisi for divorce after 19 years of marriage on 29 December 2017.

In 2003, Louise Redknapp's single "Pandora's Kiss"/"Don't Give Up", was released to raise money for Breast Cancer Care's "Tickled Pink" campaign. She also participated in a celebrity edition of The Apprentice in 2008, to raise money for charity. Redknapp organised a charity sale of celebrity designer clothes at the London department store Selfridges for the charity Mothers4Children in November 2009.

Discography

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Singles

Promotional singles

Tours
 Soft & Gentle No Sweat Tour (1997)
 Changing Faces Tour (2001)
 Heavy Love Tour (2020)

Awards and nominations
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ Awards and nominations received by Louise Redknapp
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Nominee(s)
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2|Brit Awards
| 1997
| rowspan=2|British Female Solo Artist
| rowspan=6|Herself
|
|
|-
| 1998
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=3|NME Awards
| rowspan=2|1998
| Best Solo Artist
|
|rowspan=3|
|-
| Most Desirable Person
|
|-
| 1999
| The Pop Personality You Would Most Like To Be Marooned On A Desert Island With
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=5|Smash Hits Poll Winners Party
| rowspan=3|1996
| Best Female Singer
|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| Best Album
| rowspan=2|Naked
|
|-
| Best Album Cover
|
|-
| rowspan=2|2000
| Most Fanciable Female
| rowspan=2|Herself
|
|rowspan=2|
|-
| Best Dressed Female
|

Notes

References

External links

Official website

Computer and Video Games issue 193, December 1997

1974 births
Living people
English dance musicians
English women pop singers
Eternal (band) members
Wives and girlfriends of association football players
Alumni of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts
Musicians from Lewisham
Singers from London
Musicians from Kent
British contemporary R&B singers
21st-century English women singers
21st-century English singers
British hip hop singers
British women hip hop musicians
Louise
EMI Records artists
Warner Records artists

Louise Redknapp


Peter de la Billière (29 de abril de 1934) es un general del Ejército Británico (retirado), que fue Director de la Fuerzas Especiales del Reino Unido (SAS) durante el asedio a la embajada de Irán, comandante en la Operación Mikado durante la Guerra de las Malvinas y al mando de las tropas británicas durante la guerra del Golfo.

Juventud
Peter Edgar Delacour (nombre de nacimiento), más conocido como Peter de la Billière, nació el 29 de abril de 1934. A la edad de siete años, perdió a su padre, quien fue reportado como desaparecido después de que su nave, el crucero HMS Fiji, fue bombardeado y hundido por bombarderos alemanes fuera de Creta durante la Segunda guerra mundial.

Su madre se volvió a casar en 1943 con el mayor Maurice Bennetts, y nació su hermanastro, David. Graduó de Harrow con dos distinciones, y dos créditos.

Tras su intento de alistarse en la Marina Mercante, siendo rechazado por daltónico, se alistó en la King's Shropshire Light Infantry, en Shrewsbury en 1952, trasladándose más tarde, como alférez, a la Durham Light Infantry. Durante su carrera como oficial se desempeñó en Japón, Corea y Egipto.

Servicio en el SAS

En 1956, asistió y se pasa de selección para el regimiento 22 Special Air Service (SAS). Durante su primera gira por el SAS, sirvió en Malasia durante la Emergencia Malaya y Omán, donde fue mencionado en los despachos y ganó la Cruz Militar en 1959. Después de su recorrido inicial con el 22 SAS, regresó a la Infantería Ligera de Durham para ejecutar entrenamiento de reclutas, antes de asumir el cargo de Ayudante del 21 SAS - con sede en Londres.

En 1962, se le asignó al Ejército Federal en Adén. En 1964, fue rechazado de la Escuela de Estado Mayor, pero fue nombrado jefe de una escuadrilla del 22 regimiento del SAS. A partir de 1964-1966, un escuadrón fue desplegado a Borneo por el enfrentamiento entre Indonesia y Malasia. Por sus acciones durante este período se le concedió la barra de la Cruz Militar.
Después de esta gira, volvió a personal y atendió a la universidad, y, esta vez, pasó. Después de la Escuela de Estado Mayor fue enviado como G2 (inteligencia) de las Fuerzas Especiales del Comando Estratégico. Luego sirvió un viaje como el segundo al mando de 22 SAS, de la que fue Comandante de 1972-1974. Para el servicio en Omán, fue nombrado Compañero de la Orden de Servicios Distinguidos (DSO) en 1976.

Luego se desempeñó en varios puestos administrativos antes de regresar al regimiento como Director, 1978-1982. Fue durante este período que el SAS llegó a la atención del público como consecuencia de la toma de la embajada de Irán en 1980, en medio de alegaciones que tenían en efecto realizó la captura de rehenes de dicha embajada. En 1982, fue nombrado comendador de la Orden del Imperio Británico (CBE). Después de la SAS fue nombrado Comisionado Militar y Comandante de las Fuerzas Británicas en las Islas Malvinas durante la guerra precisamente como comandante del SAS de la cancelada Operación Mikado. Entre 1985 y 1990 fue nombrado Director General al mando de Gales.

Guerra del Golfo y retiro

Peter es asignado a dirigir las tropas británicas durante la guerra del golfo, luego de ello toma la decisión de retirarse en 1992 y fue nombrado Caballero. Finalmente se retira en 1992.

Referencias

Generales del Reino Unido
Legión al Mérito
Militares británicos de la guerra de las Malvinas
Caballeros comendadores de la Orden del Imperio Británico
Caballeros comendadores de la Orden del Baño
Guerra del Golfo
Nacidos en Plymouth

Peter de la Billière


Camcorder (okunuşu: kemkordır), hem (video) film çekmek hem de oynatmak için kullanılabilen, video (film) kamerası. İngilizce Camera ve Recorder sözcüklerinden türetilmiş bir bileşik kelimedir.

Camcorder sözcüğüne, henüz TDK tarafından bir Türkçe karşılık önerilmemiş olmakla birlikte, 1985 yılında yayınlanan "Işıkizi fotoğrafçılık terimleri sözlüğünde", Günlük olarak tutulan ve geçmişi anlatan kişisel notlara günlük ya da günce, geçmişi anlatan görsel kayıtlara ise izlek denilmiştir. Buna göre, bir olayı görsel olarak anlatan, her türlü kayıt bir izlektir. Bu tanımın, "kaydedilmiş film ya da video görüntüsü anlamına geldiği görülecektir. Aynı sözlükte, video kamerası izçeker, çekilen filmi oynatmak için kullanılan aygıt ise izçözer olarak adlandırılmıştır.

Hareketli görüntüler çeken kameraların tümü (film ya da video kamerası) optik bir yanılsama temeli üzerine kurulmuştur. Buna göre, art arda çekilen resimler, belli bir hızla gösterildiği takdirde, göze, hareket ediyormuş gibi görünür. Gerek film kamerası gerekse video kamerası bu prensipten yola çıkarak geliştirilmiştir.

Tüm video ve film kameraları özü itibarı ile, hareketli görüntüler kaydetmeye yarayan bir fotoğraf makinesi türüdür. Art arda, belli bir hızla (prensip olarak saniyede 24 kare) fotoğraf çekme özelliği olan bir fotoğraf makinesi ile çekilmiş olan görüntüler, aynı hızla gösterilirse, optik bir yanılsama sonucu, hareket ediyormuş sanısı uyandırır. Film sanayi ve videografi bu temel üzerine kurulmuştur.

Tarihçe

Hem çekim yapabilen hem de çekilen görüntüyü anında oynatabilen aygıtlar bugünkü şeklini almadan önce, videoyu çeken kişi, kullandığı video kamerayı uzun bir kablo yardımı ile, bir oynatıcı aygıta (izçözere) bağlayarak kullanırdı. Video çekimi yapan kişinin, rahat şekilde hareket etmesini engelleyen bu aygıtlar, bir süre sonra, yerini, daha küçük ve birkaç kilo olan ve çanta gibi omuz üzerinden tek yanlı olarak boyna asılarak kullanılan çanta video oynatıcılara (izçözere) bıraktı. iki parça halinde kullanılan bu aygıtların kullanımı Sony adlı firma tarafından geliştirilen "Betamovie" adlı ilk camcorder piyasaya sürülünceye kadar devam etti. Ancak, bu aygıtların en küçüğü bile, gerek kullanılan teknik açısından, gerekse, boyut açısından, bugünkü avuçiçi aygıtlar ile kıyaslanamayacak kadar iri ve kaba idi.

İlk Camcorder
1970'li yıllarda, Sony adlı bir elektronik firması tarafından geliştirilen "Betamax" adlı aygıt, teknik olarak bugünkü Camcorderin atası kabul edilir. Elde edilen görüntüyü doğrudan, bir manyetik bant üzerine kaydeden bu aygıt, sadece örneksel (analog) ses ve görüntü kaydı yapabilmekte idi.

Güncel gelişmeler
Bir Camkorder'in en temel özelliği, çekilen görüntüyü, doğrudan, elektro-manyetik bir ortam üzerine kayıt edebilme özelliğidir. Bu ortam, elektro manyetik bir bant (Video kaseti) olabileceği gibi, Veri kaydı için kullanılan bir CD (Yoğun Teker) de olabilir. Bu kameraların bir diğer özelliği ise, çekilen görüntünün, çekimle eş zamanlı olarak, görüntü sergileyici (görser) denilen bir ekrana aktarılmasıdır. Bu sayede, çekilen görüntü, çekim sırasında, bir ekran üzerinden izlenebilir.

Çekilen görüntü doğal olarak "işlenmemiş", "ham" bir görüntüdür. Bu görüntünün bir "Filme" dönüştürülmesi için, Görüntü işleme yazılımı grubuna giren bilgisayar yazılımlarından biri (ya da birkaçı) kullanılarak, istenmeyen bölümlerden arındılması, temizlenmesi ve montajının yapılması gerekir. Bu işleme görüntü işçiliği (Video işçiliği - Videobearbeitung) denir. Ancak çekilen görüntü, istenirse, olduğu gibi bırakılarak da kullanılabilir.

Elde edilen görüntünün, bir televizyon ekranında izlenebilmesi için iki yöntem vardır. Bunlardan biri, Camcorderi uygun bir bağlantı kablosu yardımı ile doğrudan televizyona bağlamak, ya da, kayıt aracı olan bant ya da CD yi bir izçözer (Video oynatıcı - Videoplayer) ile kullanmaktır.

Film ve video teknolojisi
Japon icatları

Camcorder


Eduardo Westerdahl y Oramas (* 2. Mai 1902 in Santa Cruz de Tenerife ; † 29. Januar 1983 ebenda) war ein spanischer Kunstkritiker und Autor.

Leben
Eduardo Westerdahl wurde als Sohn des schwedischen Importhändlers Johan Bernard Westerdahl und der Kanarin Ignacia María de la Encarnación Oramas Medina in Santa Cruz de Tenerife geboren. Er besaß zwar die schwedische Staatsbürgerschaft, hat sich aber nie in Schweden aufgehalten. Er selbst sah sich als Spanier oder genauer als Canario (Einwohner der Kanarischen Inseln) und Tinerfeño (Einwohner Teneriffas).

Sein Vater starb, als Eduardo Westerdahl vier Jahre alt war. Wegen der schwierigen wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse, die auch in Spanien aufgrund des Ersten Weltkriegs in Europa herrschten, sah sich Eduardo Westerdahl 1918 gezwungen, seine Ausbildung an einer Handelsschule nach vier Jahren im Alter von 18 Jahren ohne Abschluss abzubrechen. Nachdem er drei Jahre bei einer Reederei und Ex- und Importfirma gearbeitet hatte, bekam er 1921 eine Stelle als Kassierer bei einer Privatbank. Diese Arbeitsstelle behielt er auch noch bei, nachdem im Jahr 1946 nach Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges die Banco Central das Unternehmen übernommen hatte. Seinen Lebensunterhalt verdiente Westerdahl während seines ganzen Lebens als Bankkassierer. Westerdahl hatte nie eine formale künstlerische oder akademische Ausbildung genossen.

1922–1931 Círculo de Bellas Artes und Hespérides
Ab 1922 veröffentlichten verschiedenen örtlichen Zeitungen Erzählungen und Kurzgeschichten von Westerdahl.
Im Jahr 1925 war Westerdahl Mitbegründer des Circulo de Bellas Artes de Tenerife. Bei dieser Vereinigung handelte es sich ursprünglich um einen Zusammenschluss von Bildenden Künstlern. Nachdem immer mehr Jugendliche aus bürgerlichen Familien dieser Vereinigung beitraten, wurden im Jahr 1926 unterschiedliche Abteilungen für Malerei, Theater, Literatur, Musik, Bildhauerei, Architektur und Bildungswesen eingerichtet. In den zentral in der Innenstadt von Santa Cruz de Tenerife gelegenen Räumen des Circulo de Bellas Artes de Tenerife fand eine große Anzahl der durch Westerdahl organisierten Ausstellungen statt.

Im Jahr 1926 trat Westerdahl in die Redaktion der Wochenzeitung Hespérides ein. Er wirkte dort als Chefredakteur bis zur Einstellung der Zeitschrift im Jahr 1928. Hespérides befasste sich mit Kunst, Naturwissenschaften, Literatur und Sport. Es erschienen Gedichte, Erzählungen, Buchbesprechungen und gesellschaftskritische Aufsätze. Als besondere Neuheit gab es eine Vielzahl von Landschaftsfotografien der malerischsten Gegenden Teneriffas, La Palmas und La Gomeras (also der westlichen Kanarischen Inseln). Dieser Schwerpunkt der Zeitschrift stimmte überein mit den Interessen der ausländischen Unternehmer des Archipels. Die wichtigsten Unternehmer der Tourismusbranche waren damals Jacob Ahlers, der Arbeitgebers Eduardo Westerdahls, und Fred. Olsen, dem Betreiber der wichtigsten Schifffahrtslinien zum Festland und zwischen den Inseln. Diese Geschäftsleute zeigten ein großes Interesse an der Erhaltung des kulturellen und künstlerischen Erbes der Kanarischen Inseln, da die Erhaltung dieses Erbes dem Tourismus förderlich war. Jacob Ahlers schrieb selbst einen Reiseführer der der Förderung des Tourismus dienen sollte.
Im Jahr 1928 gab die Redaktion der Hespérides verschiedene Gedichtsammlungen heraus. Darunter war auch eine Sammlung von Gedichten Westerdahls. Sie trug den Titel Poemas de sol lleno.

1931 Aufenthalt in Europa
Der Eigentümer der Bank, in der Westerdahl als Kassierer arbeitete, Jacob Ahlers, der in der Zwischenkriegszeit deutscher und österreichischer Konsul in Santa Cruz de Tenerife war, ermöglichte Eduardo Westerdahl einen dreimonatigen Aufenthalt in Europa. Zweck dieses Aufenthaltes war es eigentlich Westerdahls Sprachkenntnisse zu verbessern. Auf dieser Reise, in deren Verlauf er die Niederlande, Frankreich, Deutschland und die Tschechoslowakei besuchte, erweiterte er seine Kenntnisse besonders im Hinblick auf die zeitgenössische Kunst. Er besuchte dort die wichtigsten Museen und Galerien. Die Arbeiten Kandinskys, Klees und das Ausbildungskonzept des Bauhauses, dass ihm in Dessau erklärt wurde, hinterließen bei ihm einen bleibenden Eindruck. Er begeisterte sich auch für die Neuentwicklungen im Theater und im Kinofilm. Er besuchte Theateraufführungen von Erwin Piscator und Max Reinhardt, Filmaufführungen des Films  Lichter der Großstadt von Charles Chaplin und El millon von René Clair.
Ende Oktober 1931 kehrte Westerdahl nach Santa Cruz zurück mit Büchern, Zeitschriften, Fotos, Postkarten, Katalogen, einer Lithografie von Franz Marc, einer gekauften Zeichnung von Kandinsky und vielen dauerhaft geknüpften Beziehungen zu avantgardistischen Künstlern der unterschiedlichsten Bereiche.
Als Folge dieser Reise und der dort geknüpften Beziehungen gründete Eduardo Westerdahl zusammen mit einigen Freunden die internationale Kulturzeitung Gaceta de Arte.

1932–1936 Gaceta de Arte
Nach Gründung der Gaceta de Arte konzentrierte sich das kulturelle Schaffen Westerdahls auf die Zeitschrift und die vielfältigen Aktivitäten der Redaktion. Diese bestanden außer der monatlichen Herausgabe einer vierseitigen Kulturzeitschrift in der Organisation von Ausstellungen und Kongressen sowie dem Verlegen von Büchern.
Die bedeutendste Ausstellung die die Redaktion der Gaceta de Arte – in der Hauptsache aber ihr Chefredakteur Eduardo Westerdal – organisierte, war die Ausstellung Arte surrealista in der vom 11. bis zum 21. Mai 1935 im Ateneo de Santa Cruz de Tenerife u. a. Arbeiten von Pablo Picasso, Joan Miró, Salvador Dalí, Hans Arp, Max Ernst, Man Ray und Giorgio de Chirico gezeigt wurden. Zur Eröffnung reisten André Breton, Jacqueline Lamba und Benjamin Péret nach Teneriffa. Während ihres mehrwöchigen Aufenthalts auf Teneriffa entwickelte sich eine lang anhaltende Freundschaft zwischen Westerdahl und den Besuchern.

Ende des Jahres 1935 nahm Westerdahl Kontakt zu der Gruppe ADLAN (Asociación para la Defensa de las Artes Nuevas) auf. Die Gruppe ADLAN war eine katalanische Künstlervereinigung, die 1932 in Barcelona gegründet wurde um die avantgardistische Kunst zu fördern. Westerdahl beabsichtigte mit dieser Gruppe in Barcelona und Madrid Zeitschriften zu gründen, die ähnliche Ziele verfolgten wie die Zeitschrift Gaceta de Arte in Teneriffa. Mit der Gründung von ADLAN Madrid und ADLAN Teneriffa sollte eine Zusammenarbeit beider Organisation bei Ausstellungen geschaffen werden. Im Juni 1936 fand in Santa Cruz eine Ausstellung statt, die gemeinsam von ADLAN und der Gaceta de Arte organisiert worden war. In dieser Ausstellung wurde auch ein surrealistisches Objekt ausgestellt, das von Eduardo Westerdahl geschaffen worden war.

1936–1949 Bürgerkrieg und Unterbrechung der Tätigkeit als Kunstkritiker
Mit dem Militärputsch im Juli 1936 begann in Spanien der Bürgerkrieg. Die während des Krieges und nach dem Krieg herrschenden Verhältnisse unterbrachen die meisten internationalen kulturellen Verbindungen. Avantgardistische Kunst wurde zu dieser Zeit in Spanien nicht geduldet. Einige der Freunde Westerdahls waren ermordet worden, andere waren geflüchtet. Er selbst rechnete mit seiner Ausweisung als unerwünschter Ausländer und informierte sich über Arbeitsmöglichkeiten in Südamerika. Durch Vermittlung von Freunden bekam er aber doch eine Aufenthalts- und Arbeitserlaubnis und konnte so seinen Lebensunterhalt als Bankangestellter verdienen. Er hielt weiterhin brieflich Kontakt zu Freunden in Frankreich, Deutschland und Italien und war über die künstlerischen Entwicklungen in diesen Ländern informiert.
Erst im Januar 1946 wurde Westerdahl wieder als Mitglied in den Circulo de Bellas Artes de Tenerife aufgenommen. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt schrieb er auch wieder Kunstkritiken für die örtlichen Zeitungen, allerdings unter dem Pseudonym Luis Dadin, das er auch in den 30er Jahren gelegentlich verwendet hatte. Er organisierte eine Reihe von Ausstellungen der Arbeiten zeitgenössischer Künstler, die aber eher von örtlicher Bedeutung waren. Mit der Zeit konnte er auch seine Kontakte zu ausländischen Künstlern wieder aufnehmen.

1949–1983 Wiederaufnahme der Aktivitäten nach der Liberalisierung der spanischen Kulturpolitik
Die Escuela de Altamira (Schule von Altamira) in Santillana del Mar in Kantabrien war ein Projekt, das die avantgardistische Kunst Spaniens nach dem Bürgerkrieg wiederbeleben sollte. Die Gründer, Mathias Goeritz, Ángel Ferrat, Ricardo Gullón und Pablo Beltrán de Heredia luden Westerdahl zu der Primera Semana de Arte (Erste Woche der Kunst), die vom 19. bis zum 26. September 1949 stattfand, nach Santillana del Mar ein. Auf dieser Konferenz traf Westerdahl erneut auch mit ausländischen Künstlern zusammen, mit denen er im Briefkontakt gestanden hatte. Er übernahm die Aufgabe als Herausgeber der Monografien des Projektes tätig zu werden und schrieb selbst eine Biografie über Mathias Goeritz.

Die Secunda Semana de Arte (Zweite Woche der Kunst) fand im September 1950 in Santander statt. Diese Konferenz befasste sich nicht nur mit Bildender Kunst, sondern auch mit Dichtung, Literatur, Musik und dem Verhältnis von Kunst und Gesellschaft. Im Anschluss an die Teilnahme an diesem Kongress fuhr Westerdahl nach Paris. Dort kam er mit den nun, nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, bedeutendsten Persönlichkeiten der sich wandelnden Kunstszene zusammen.

Ab 1949 überließen verschiedene Künstler mit denen Westerdahl zusammentraf, wie z. B. auf der Primera Semana de Arte und auf der Secunda Semana de Arte oder Künstler für deren Ausstellungen im Circulo de Bellas Artes de Tenerife er sich einsetzte, Arbeiten für das von ihm geplante Museum.

Die erste auf Dauer angelegte Ausstellung Zeitgenössischer Kunst auf der Insel Teneriffa und in ganz Spanien, die Sala Eduardo Westerdahl wurde am 28. März 1953 in einem Raum des Instituto de Estudios Hispánicos de Canarias in Puerto de la Cruz eröffnet. Die Sala Eduardo Westerdahl zeigte 26 Arbeiten von 12 Künstlern aus sechs Ländern.

Im April des Jahres 1954 fand im Casino Principal de Santa Cruz de Tenerife eine von Eduardo Westerdahl organisierte Einzelausstellung der Arbeiten von Maud Domínguez, der Ehefrau von Óscar Domínguez statt. Die politische Situation ließ einen Besuch Óscar Domínguez' in seiner Heimat nicht zu. So kam Maud Domínguez zur Eröffnung der Ausstellung ohne ihren Ehemann nach Teneriffa.
Am 22. November 1955, nach weiteren Treffen in Barcelona, heiratete Eduardo Westerdahl in Paris Maud Bonneaud, geschiedene Domínguez. Am 28. Oktober 1957 wurde ihr Sohn Hugo Bernardo Westerdahl Bonneaud geboren.

In den folgenden Jahren kam Westerdahl auf Reisen nach Frankreich, Deutschland, Italien und Portugal bei privaten Besuchen und auf verschiedenen Kongressen mit den wichtigsten avantgardistischen Künstlern der Zeit zusammen. Im Jahr 1972 wurde er Mitglied in der Kulturkommission der Architektenkammer der Kanarischen Inseln. In dieser Funktion nahm er 1973 teil an der Vorbereitung und Durchführung der ersten Internationalen Ausstellung Skulptur auf der Straße (Exposición Internacional de Escultura en la calle). Im Rahmen dieser Ausstellung wurden Skulpturen u. a. von Andreu Alfaro, Martín Chirino, Óscar Domínguez, Amadeo Gabino, Josep Guinovart, Gottfried Honegger, Henry Moore, Joan Miró, Eduardo Paolozzi, Josep Maria Subirachs oder Francisco Sobrino dauerhaft auf Straßen, öffentlichen Plätzen und in Parks aufgestellt. Ein großer Teil der Ausstellungsstücke ist den guten Beziehungen Westerdahls zu den Künstlern zu verdanken.

Am 29. Januar 1983 starb Eduardo Westerdahl in Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

Während seiner aktiven Zeit hat Eduardo Westerdahl immer wieder Fotos aufgenommen. Dabei handelte es sich grundsätzlich um "Erinnerungsfotos". Auf diese Art war eine ansehnliche Sammlung von sehr aussagekräftigen Porträts zusammengekommen. Es waren sehr persönliche Fotos nahezu aller bedeutender Persönlichkeiten der avantgardistischen Literatur und bildenden Kunst und darüber hinaus bedeutender Persönlichkeiten der Zeit wie z. B. Bertrand Russell vorhanden. Diese Sammlung wurde 1992 in zwei Bänden unter dem Titel "Eduardo Westerdahl - Escrito con Luz" (Eduardo Westerdahl, mit Licht geschrieben) von der Kanarischen Regierung verlegt.
Im Jahr 2005 fand eine Ausstellung im Andenken an Maud und Eduardo Westerdahl statt.

Werke
Alle Veröffentlichungen sind, wenn nicht anders angegeben, in spanischer Sprache

Literatur

Weblinks

 Auf der Seite der Universität Las Palmas de Gran Canaria können alle Ausgaben der Zeitschrift Gaceta de Arte angesehen werden.

Einzelnachweise

Maler (Spanien)
Kunstkritiker
Surrealismus
Person (Teneriffa)
Kunstsammler
Schwede
Spanier
Geboren 1902
Gestorben 1983
Mann

Eduardo Westerdahl


Bombus tanguticus er tegund af humlum, ættuð frá Himalajafjöllum.
Þetta er sú humlutegund sem finnst hæst til fjalla, í 5640 m hæð.

Tilvísanir

Hunangsflugur

Bombus tanguticus


Ovo je popis umjetnica rođenih u Italiji ili čija su umjetnička djela usko povezana s tom zemljom.

A
Sofonisba Anguissola (oko 1532. – 1625.), slikarica

B
Jolanda Ballarin (1908. – 1977.), slikarica

C
Rosalba Carriera (1673. – 1757.), slikarica

F
Eva Fischer (1920. – 2015.), slikarica
Lavinia Fontana (1552. – 1614.), slikarica

G
Artemisia Gentileschi (1593. – oko 1652.), slikarica

Popis talijanskih umjetnica


The J.M. Smucker Company, also known as Smuckers, is an American manufacturer of food and beverage products. Headquartered in Orrville, Ohio, the company was founded in 1897 as a maker of apple butter. J.M. Smucker currently has three major business units: consumer foods, pet foods, and coffee. Its flagship brand, Smucker's, produces fruit preserves, peanut butter, syrups, frozen crustless sandwiches, and ice cream toppings.

Among J.M. Smucker's other food and coffee brands are Knott's Berry Farm, Jif, Laura Scudder's, Santa Cruz Organic, Folgers, Café Bustelo, Dunkin', Smucker's Uncrustables, Bick's Pickle, Carnation, Crosse & Blackwell, Five Roses, and Robin Hood. Pet food brands include Meow Mix and Milk-Bone, among others. Smuckers is also presently undergoing an acquisition of Hostess Brands, the makers of Twinkies, in a $5.6 billion cash and stock deal. Listed on the New York Stock Exchange, J.M. Smucker ranks 426th on the Fortune 500, with an estimated 2022 market value of $14.6 billion.

History

Founding (1897–1958)
The J.M. Smucker Company was founded in 1897 by Jerome Monroe Smucker. Smucker was born on December 5, 1858, in Orrville, Ohio, and much of his life was spent as a farmer in Orrville. In 1897 Smucker built a cider mill in Orrville. The company, which came to produce jellies, jams, and other food items, has stated that he used apples from local Orrville trees planted by Johnny Appleseed in the early nineteenth century. Smucker prepared apple butter and sold it from the back of a horse-drawn wagon.

The company was incorporated in 1921. At the time, the company sold preserves and jellies, and by 1928 was distributing in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana. After the company recorded losses in 1932 and 1933, in 1935 Smucker's eldest son Willard established a Smucker's plant in the state of Washington for pre-processing apples, which were then shipped to Orrville to be cooked. After introducing its trademark glass jar in 1939, annual sales reached $1 million. In 1940, Smucker's introduced its first line of ice cream toppings, and two years later began distributing its products nationally. During World War II, the company faced shortages of labor, glass, and fruit. In 1946, Smucker's earned the designation "U.S. Grade A Fancy" after it paid U.S. Department of Agriculture inspectors to "oversee every aspect of its production."

National expansion and IPO (1959–1984)
The company went public in 1959, and the following year J.M. Smucker opened a manufacturing plant in Salinas, California that increased its production capacity by 40%. In 1960, Paul Smucker became president and the company hired Wyse Advertising of Cleveland to produce radio spots. J.M. Smucker was then listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1965.

1963 saw J.M. Smucker's acquisition of the jams and jellies company Mary Ellen. Profits increased between 1959 and 1969 before dropping in 1970. Between 1973 and 1980, J.M. Smucker implemented cost cutting measures to increase profit margins, acquiring manufacturing operations in Oregon, Tennessee and California and consolidating packing operations. In 1978, J.M. Smucker debuted a low sugar "spread" that was so low in sugar the Food and Drug Administration wouldn't allow Smucker's to market it as a jam. J.M. Smucker acquired gourmet preserves company Dickinson's in 1979, and by 1980, J.M. Smucker was the number one jams and jellies company in the United States, with over 25% of the market in the United States.

In 1981, Timothy Smucker was named president and the company purchased Magic Shell the following year. After purchasing the pickle companies Wooster Preserving Co. and the H.W. Madison Co. in the 1960s, the company sold its unsuccessful pickle line in the early 1980s. J.M. Smucker in 1984 continued to be traded on the NYSE, with the Smucker family retaining a 30% interest in the business. That year J.M. Smucker acquired the juices company Knudsen & Sons.

Diversification and growth (1980s–2016)
In the late 1980s, the company began expanding internationally under CEO Richard Smucker, acquiring brands in Canada, the United States, Australia, and Europe. In 1987 J.M. Smucker purchased R-Line Foods, and in 1988 the company acquired the Canadian toppings brand Shirriff which made products such as Good Morning Marmalade. J.M. Smucker's sales reached $367 million in 1989. In 1989 J.M. Smucker purchased the Australian company Henry Jones Foods, later selling it in 2004 to SPC Ardmona. By 1993, 8% of J.M. Smucker's annual sales were international.

The peanut butter company Laura Scudder's and the juice company After the Fall were purchased in 1994, and that year J.M. Smucker also changed advertising agencies from Wyse Advertising to the Leo Burnett Company. The annual Peanut Butter Festival in the town of New Bethlehem, Pennsylvania is co-sponsored by Smucker's. First held in 1996, the festival was held in New Bethlehem because the Smucker's peanut butter factory was the lead employer in the area at the time. In 1998, J.M. Smucker acquired the peanut butter company Adams, as well as the maker of a frozen crustless sandwich, MenUSAver. J.M. Smucker renamed the product Uncrustables. J.M. Smucker acquired Jif and Crisco in 2002.

By 2004, the company was still headquartered in Orrville, Ohio and had been family-run for four generations. Between 1998 and 2004, the company had appeared on Fortune magazine's annual listing of the 100 Best Companies to Work For in the United States each year, ranking number one in 2004. That year the company purchased International Multifoods Corporation. Among the acquired brands in the deal were Pillsbury, Hungry Jack, Pet, Robin Hood Flour, and Bick's pickles and condiments. The flour company White Lily Brand was acquired in 2006. In 2007, the company acquired King Kelly Orange Marmalade and the Canadian company Five Roses Flour. Also in 2007, J.M. Smucker acquired Eagle Family Foods, which brought in the brands Eagle Brand/Borden milk products, None Such mincemeat, and Kava coffee.

In 2008, J.M. Smucker joined the Standard & Poor's 500 Index. That May, J.M. Smucker announced it had bought the food division of Knott's Berry Farm from ConAgra Foods, while Cedar Fair continued to own the theme park itself. That year it also purchased the frozen produce company Europe's Best in Canada and the Canadian milk brand Carnation. On November 6, 2008, J.M. Smucker purchased the Folgers coffee brand division from Procter & Gamble for $3.3 billion, acquiring brands such as Millstone Coffee in the process. The Reverse Morris Trust merger doubled J.M. Smucker's size.

In 2010, J.M. Smucker acquired Rowland Coffee Roasters, makers of Latin coffee brands, followed by the North American coffee and tea operations of Sara Lee in 2011. J.M. Smucker acquired Big Heart Pet Brands in 2015 for $5.8 billion, bringing in brands such as Milk Bone, Meow Mix, Kibbles 'n Bits and Pup-Peroni. Also that year, J.M. Smucker announced it would sell its canned milk operations in the United States to Eagle Family Foods Group LLC. In February 2015, J.M Smucker and Keurig partnered together on making K-Cup packs of Dunkin' coffee. Mark Smucker was named CEO in 2016.

Recent (2017–present)

After an antitrust lawsuit filed by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in early March 2018, ConAgra Brands Inc. and J. M. Smucker Co. cancelled a deal for Smucker to purchase the Wesson cooking oil brand. The FTC claimed that Smuckers would have controlled at least 70% of the market for branded canola and vegetable oils. As part of a strategy to focus on pet food, coffee, and snacking, on August 31, 2018, J.M. Smucker announced it had sold its baking business in the United States to Brynwood Partners for $375 million, including the brands Pillsbury, Martha White, Hungry Jack, White Lily, and Jim Dandy. The baking business in Canada was retained. The company acquired Ainsworth Pet Nutrition in 2018, including the brands Better Than! Treats, Dad's Pet Care, and Rachael Ray Nutrish, and in October 2018, J.M. Smucker consolidated its $580 million marketing business into Publicis Groupe.

During the COVID-19 pandemic many J.M. Smucker employees began remote work. J.M. Smucker began providing "pay and benefits to employees to avoid furloughs," creating employee hardship and sick leave programs. By August 2020, its international and away-from-home segment had seen a quarterly sales decline of 9%. The Smucker's brand had seen a 25% quarterly increase in sales, Uncrustables had seen a 35% jump, and Crisco had seen a 50% increase. In September 2020, the company announced a new logo and corporate brand identity, with aims to distinguish Smucker the company from Smucker's brand food items. J.M. Smucker Company was shortened to J.M. Smucker Co. In December 2020 J.M. Smucker sold Crisco to B&G Foods for $550 million, part of the company's ongoing plan to divest of baking products in the United States. Overall in 2020, J.M. Smucker had $7.8 billion in net sales, with free cash flow growing 26% from 2019 to $985.5 million. Its US retail consumer foods unit saw a 22% jump in annual profits, while coffee rose 11% and pet food rose 6%. After selling Natural Balance Pet Foods to Nexus Capital for $50 million in Jan. 2021, in early 2022, the company sold R.W. Knudsen and truRoots to Nexus Capital. The deal included an agreement for Nexus Capital to Santa Cruz Organic beverages, although not the brand's food items. The deal was estimated at $110 million.

Hostess Brands acquisition
On 11 September 2023, J.M. Smucker announced an acquisition of Hostess Brands for $5.6 billion in cash and stock. This will bring several snack brands, including Twinkies, CupCakes, DingDongs, HoHos, Fruit Pies, CoffeeCakes, MiniMuffins, and Voortman cookies, along with seven manufacturing and distribution facilities, and 3,000 employees to J.M. Smucker. The company expects the acquisition to close by April 2024.

Current brands
J.M. Smucker's three major business units are consumer foods, pet food and snacks, and coffee. The company is particularly known as a marketer and manufacturer of products such as fruit spreads, peanut butter, ice cream toppings, sweetened condensed milk, and health and natural foods and beverages. The Smucker's flagship brand manufactures and sells its own brands of fruit preserves, jelly, peanut butter including Smucker's Goober PB&J, syrups, ice cream toppings including Smucker's Magic Shell, and Uncrustables Sandwiches. In Canada, the brands are limited to ice cream toppings and preserves.

J.M. Smucker brands currently include:

Foods
Bick's (pickles and condiments)
Carnation (milk - in Canada)
Crosse & Blackwell (traditional English foods)
Five Roses (flour in Canada)
Hostess Brands (baked goods)
Jif (peanut butter)
Knott's Berry Farm (preserves)
Laura Scudder's (peanut butter)
Robin Hood (flour in Canada)
Smucker's Uncrustables (sandwiches)

Pet foods
9Lives (cat food)
Gravy Train (dog food)
Kibbles 'n Bits (dog food)
Meow Mix (cat food)
Milk-Bone (dog treats)
Rachael Ray Nutrish (dog and cat food)
Snausages (dog treats)

Coffee
Café Bustelo
Dunkin' (K-Cup, pre-made coffee)
Folgers

See also

List of coffee companies

References

External links

Food and drink companies based in Ohio
Brand name condiments
Baking mixes
American companies established in 1897
Animal food manufacturers
Food and drink companies established in 1897
1897 establishments in Ohio
Wayne County, Ohio
1950s initial public offerings
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Condiment companies of the United States
Fruit preserve companies
Peanut butter
Coffee companies of the United States

The J.M. Smucker Company


Las elecciones primarias de la Mesa de la Unidad se realizaron el 12 de febrero de 2012, y determinaron al candidato presidencial de la Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (MUD) para las Elecciones presidenciales de Venezuela de 2012, que fueron celebradas el 7 de octubre, así como sus candidatos en las elecciones regionales y municipales, que se celebraron en diciembre de 2012 y diciembre de 2013 respectivamente. Estas fueron las primeras primarias presidenciales abiertas en la historia de Venezuela, y la más grande de su tipo y en asistencia en la historia mundial.

El proceso de selección fue a través de elecciones primarias abiertas, por lo cual pudo votar cualquier venezolano mayor de edad, sin importar su militancia en algunos de los partidos políticos que conforman la MUD. De igual manera, políticos sin afiliación a esta coalición pueden participar en las mismas, aunque deben consignar cierto número de firmar. Además, a todos los candidatos se les exige que depositen un monto de dinero para pagar el 45% de los gastos que el Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE) exige por organizar las primarias, el resto será pagado por los partidos políticos de la MUD.

El proceso de inscripción de los precandidatos presidenciales se realizó entre el 1 y el 3 de noviembre de 2011, y contó con la participación de seis políticos (en orden de inscripción): Leopoldo López, María Corina Machado, Henrique Capriles Radonski, Pablo Pérez, Pablo Medina y Diego Arria. El 24 de enero de 2012, López declinó su candidatura a favor de Capriles Radonski.

Primarias presidenciales

Precandidaturas
Los precandidatos presidenciales de la Mesa de la Unidad se inscribieron entre los 3 primeros días de noviembre de 2011, rumbo a la elección primaria a celebrarse el 12 de febrero de 2012. Antes de las postulaciones declinaron sus aspiraciones otros líderes políticos y personalidades nacionales y regionales, entre ellos destacaron: Antonio Ledezma, César Pérez Vivas, Cecilia Sosa y Oswaldo Álvarez Paz.  Esta elección contó con 5 candidatos:

 Diego Arria: economista egresado del London School of Economics and Political Science, político, escritor, diplomático y excandidato presidencial en 1978. Se ha desempeñado como presidente de la Corporación Nacional de Hotelería y Turismo (1969-1974), Gobernador del Distrito Federal (1974-1977), Ministro de Información y Turismo (1977-1978), Representante Permanente de Venezuela en la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (1991-1993) y Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas en 1992. Fue también asesor del Secretario General de la ONU, Kofi Annan.

 Henrique Capriles: abogado egresado de la Universidad Católica Andrés Bello y político, actual Gobernador delestado Miranda desde 2008. Exdiputado al Congreso de la República (1999-2000), donde desempeñó el cargo de Vicepresidente del Congreso y de Presidente de la Cámara de Diputados, fue alcalde por dos períodos del Municipio Baruta(2000-2008). Miembro fundador de Primero Justicia, partido que apoya su candidatura, además de Podemos, Patria Para Todos, La Causa R, Cuentas Claras, Electores Libres, Fuerza de la Gente, Dignidad Patriótica, Partido Auténtico Nacional,Voluntad Popular, Proyecto Venezuela, MIN Unidad, Unión Republicana Democrática, Movimiento Ecológico de Venezuela,Piensa en Democracia y Visión Venezuela..

 María Corina Machado,: política, docente e ingeniero industrial egresada de la Universidad Católica Andrés Bello y especializada en Finanzas del IESA, fue diputada independiente a la Asamblea Nacional de Venezuela por el estado Miranda. Graduada del Programa de Líderes Mundiales en políticas públicas de la Universidad de Yale en Estados Unidos y fundadora de la organización civil Súmate. Es la primera venezolana aceptada en la red de Jóvenes Líderes Globales del Foro Económico Mundial.

 Pablo Medina: político y antiguo dirigente sindical. Fue diputado y senador al Congreso de la República, ejerció entre 1995 y 1996 la primera Vicepresidencia de la Cámara de Diputados. Formó parte de la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente de 1999, aunque fue el único constituyentista que no avaló con su firma la Constitución que nacía de esa asamblea. Es apoyado por elMovimiento Laborista y fue el último de los precandidatos opositores en inscribirse a los comicios primarios, pues no pudo consignar la totalidad de la cuota financiera acordada para su candidatura.

 Pablo Pérez Álvarez: político y abogado egresado de la Universidad del Zulia, Gobernador del estado Zulia. Prosiguió estudios de postgrado de Derecho Público, y luego se especializó en Gerencia Municipal en el IESA. Se ha desempeñado como Director del Instituto Regional del Ambiente y Secretario General de Gobierno en el estado Zulia entre 2006 y 2008. Apoyado por su partido Un Nuevo Tiempo y por Acción Democrática, Copei, Movimiento al Socialismo, Movimiento Republicano, Convergencia,Gente Emergente, Bandera Roja, OPINA, NOÉ y ProComunidad.

Luego del proceso de inscripciones, la Comisión Electoral de Primarias de la MUD decidió no admitir la postulación de Pablo Medina, ya que no contaba con los recursos necesarios para ayudar a financiar las primarias; pero posteriormente fue admitido, luego de que éste se comprometiera a aportar lo que pudiese, alegando ser un hombre de pocos recursos de origen sindical. El 24 de enero de 2012, Leopoldo López anuncia la dimisión de su candidatura para respaldar a Henrique Capriles

En el caso de las primarias de la Mesa de la Unidad (agrupación política adversa a Hugo Chávez), se elegirá un candidato presidencial, un candidato para una de las dos alcaldías metropolitanas, un candidato por 18 de las 24 gobernaciones, y un candidato por 276 de las 335 alcaldías. Las candidaturas por la Alcaldía Metropolitana de Caracas, las 6 gobernaciones restantes, y las otras 59 alcaldías fueron seleccionadas mediante consenso.

El candidato presidencial de la Mesa de la Unidad se enfrentará a Hugo Chávez en la elección presidencial del 7 de octubre de 2012. En cambio los candidatos a gobernaciones y alcaldías de la Mesa de la Unidad lo harán, principalmente, contra los candidatos del PSUV en las elecciones regionales del 16 de diciembre de 2012 y las municipales de abril de 2013.

Encuestas

Resultados

Participación

La Mesa de la Unidad reportó una participación de 3.059.024 electores, un 16.5% del padrón electoral, dicha cifra quedó muy por encima del estimado que diversos analistas habían declarado; el consenso general era que una participación de 10% sería considerado un éxito. El periodista Eleazar Díaz Rangel, director del diario Últimas Noticias, había declarado una semana antes que era muy probable que la participación estuviera en torno al millón de electores. El presidente de la encuestadora GIS XXI, Jesse Chacón, quien ha sido ministro de Chávez en varias carteras, aseguró que la oposición no podría ganar a Chávez si no sacaba más de dos millones y medio de votos. El presentador de televisión, Mario Silva, declaró inicialmente que no iban a realizarse las primarias, pero unos días antes de las mismas dijo que si se realizaban, votarían menos de 500 mil personas.

De acuerdo a Teresa Albanés, vocera de la Mesa de la Unidad, el porcentaje de participación de venezolanos en el extranjero fue el más alto registrado alguna vez. Resaltó el hecho de que votaron más personas que en las primarias de 2010 del PSUV, el partido de gobierno, en esta oportunidad votaron 900 mil personas, aunque fueron unas primarias cerradas para unas elecciones parlamentarias.

El 14 de febrero, el Tribunal Supremo de Justicia ordenó a la Mesa de la Unidad que le entregaran los cuadernos de votación para revisarla, ya que algunos candidatos y sectores clasificaron como "fraude" el número de votantes, aun cuando el mismo tribunal había declarado dos años antes que los datos de los cuadernos electorales son confidenciales. Un estudiante de la Universidad Bolivariana de Aragua, Arnaldo Espinoza, fue atropellado por una grúa de la policía estadal mientras se encontraba observando la protesta opositora a la orden del TSJ. Horas después funcionarios policiales confirmarían el fallecimiento del estudiante en una clínica de Maracay. El día siguiente, los cuadernos fueron quemados por la Mesa de la Unidad para garantizar la confidencialidad de los datos en desacato a la orden del TSJ.

Primarias estadales

De acuerdo al reglamento de la MUD, si un gobernador opositor en funciones decide reelegirse, puede hacerlo sin necesidad de medirse en primarias, a menos que las fuerzas políticas que obtuvieron el 55% de los votos opositores en la entidad en las últimas elecciones parlamentarias se muestre en contra. De esta manera, no se espera la realización de primarias en algunos estados actualmente gobernados por la oposición venezolana.

El día viernes 4 de noviembre de 2011, la Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (MUD), decidió por consenso la candidatura a las elecciones de gobernadores del 16 de diciembre de 2012 en 6 estados (Zulia, Lara, Táchira, Nueva Esparta, Carabobo y Amazonas) y el Distrito Metropolitano de Caracas.

Candidatos a gobernadores de estado y alcaldes de sus capitales

NOTAS:

{a} Ismael García es proclamado ganador por la C.E.P. a pesar de la solicitud de reconteo de votos de su contrincante Antonio Ecarri.

{b} Adriana González es designada por consenso a pesar de la victoria de Jose Arianna en elecciones primarias en ese municipio.

{c} Carlos Ocariz gana las elecciones primarias pero previo a los comicios regionales del 16 de diciembre del 2012 retira su candidatura en favor de la reelección de Henrique Capriles Radonski.

{d} Soraya Hernández gana las primarias como aspirante a la gobernación de Monagas pero varios partidos de la MUD le retiran su apoyo para acompañar a José Gregorio Briceño a la reelección.

{e} Pablo Pérez Álvarez es designado candidato a la reelección por el estado Zulia por la vía del consenso luego de perder las primarias presidenciales, esto a pesar de que la intención inicial fue la de respaldar a Eveling Trejo de Rosales a la gobernación, además de que el reglamento establecía que quien perdiera no podía optar por otro cargo del mismo proceso.

{f} Eveling Trejo de Rosales es designada candidata a la reelección para la Alcaldía de Maracaibo luego de que partidos de la mesa retiraran su apoyo a la gobernación del estado Zulia.

Véase también

 Elecciones presidenciales de Venezuela de 2012

Referencias

Elecciones en Venezuela de 2012
Elecciones primarias en Venezuela
Oposición al gobierno de Hugo Chávez
Henrique Capriles

Elecciones primarias de la Mesa de la Unidad Democrática de 2012


The Major Oak is a large English oak (Quercus robur) near the village of Edwinstowe in the midst of Sherwood Forest, Nottinghamshire, England. According to local folklore, it was Robin Hood's shelter where he and his merry men slept. It weighs an estimated 23 tons, has a girth of 33 feet (10 metres), a canopy of 92 feet (28 metres), and is about 800–1,000 years old. In 2014, it was voted 'England's Tree of the Year' by a public poll by the Woodland Trust, receiving 18% of the votes. Its name originates from Major Hayman Rooke's description of it in 1790.

Shape

There are several theories as to how it became so huge and oddly shaped. The Major Oak may be several trees that fused together as saplings, or the tree could have been pollarded. (Pollarding is a system of tree management that enabled foresters to grow more than one crop of timber from a tree, causing the trunk to grow large and thick.) However, there is only limited evidence for this theory as none of the other trees in the surrounding area were pollarded.

This enormous tree is commonly thought to be the UK's second-largest oak tree, only truly surpassed by the gigantic Majesty Oak near Dover.

History
Support chains were first fitted to the tree in 1908, and its massive limbs have been partially supported by an elaborate system of scaffolding since the 1970s. In 1974, fences were installed around the tree to protect it from root damage, since the number of visitors to the tree was compacting the soil around it.

The formation sign of the 46th Infantry Division of the British Army in the Second World War was the Major Oak. Among the units of the division were battalions of the Sherwood Foresters regiment.

In a 2002 survey, it was voted "Britain's favourite tree".

Also in 2002, a person illegally attempted to sell acorns claimed to be from the Major Oak on an internet-based auction website.

In 2003, in Dorset a plantation was started of 260 saplings grown from acorns of the Major Oak. The purpose was to provide publicity for an internet-based study of the Major Oak, its history, photographic record, variation in size and leafing of the saplings, comparison of their DNA, and an eventual public amenity.

The Major Oak was featured on the 2005 television programme Seven Natural Wonders as one of the wonders of the Midlands.

It was voted 'England's Tree of the Year' in 2014, and came sixth in the European Tree of the Year finals in 2015.

The threat to the Major Oak from fracking is the subject of a song by English musician Beans on Toast on his 2017 album Cushty.

In July 2020 the tree was reported as vandalised, with a three-foot section of bark fallen off.

See also
 List of individual trees
 List of Great British Trees

References

External links

Major Oak and Sherwood Forest fan site
Major Oak history page
2018 Survey of Major Oak tree roots by radar

Individual oak trees
Individual trees in England
Nottinghamshire folklore
Tourist attractions in Nottinghamshire
Sherwood Forest

Major Oak


Moritz II. steht für:
 Moritz II. (Oldenburg) (urkundlich bezeugt 1381–1420), Graf von Oldenburg
 Moritz II. von Dietrichstein-Proskau-Leslie (1801–1852), österreichischer Botschafter

Siehe auch:
 Moritz Ludwig II. von Nassau-LaLecq

Moritz II.


A competição dos 100 metros feminino no Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 2022 foi realizada no estádio Hayward Field, em Eugene, nos Estados Unidos, nos dias 16 e 17 de julho de 2022.

Recordes
Antes da competição, os recordes eram os seguintes:

Os seguintes recordes mundiais ou olímpicos foram estabelecidos durante esta competição:

Medalhistas

Tempo de qualificação

Calendário

Resultados

Eliminatórias
Qualificação: Os três primeiros de cada bateria (Q) e os três melhores tempos (q) das eliminatórias.

Vento:
Bateria 1: +0.7 m/s, Bateria 2: -0.2 m/s, Bateria 3: +0.2 m/s, Bateria 4: +0.8 m/s, Bateria 5: +1.2 m/s, Bateria 6: +0.1 m/s, Bateria 7: -0.1 m/s

Semifinais
Qualificação: Os dois primeiros de cada bateria (Q) e os dois melhores tempos (q) das semifinais.

Vento:
Bateria 1: -0.2 m/s, Bateria 2: -0.2 m/s, Bateria 3: +0.4 m/s

Final
A final ocorreu dia 17 de julho às 19:50.

Vento: +0.8 m/s

Ligações externas

 Site da World Athletics

Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 2022

Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 2022 - 100 m feminino


Rolon, također nazivan Rolf ili Rou, francuski Rollon, straonorveški Hrólfr (?, 846. ili 860. – Normandija, oko 932.), skandinavski ratnik, koji je osnovao vojvodstvo Normandija.

Prema nordijskoj mitologiji, Rolon se osamostalio od danskoga kralja Haralda I. Modrozubog i postao vođa normanskih (danskih) gusara koji su pljačkali Škotsku, Englesku, Flandriju i Francusku. Početkom 10. stoljeća, Rolonova vojska je pljačkala po Francuskoj, zauzeli su područje oko ušća Seine. Godine 910., Normani su bezuspješno opsjedali Pariz. Francuski kralj Karlo III. Bezazleni je teško porazio Rolona kod Chartresa. Prema miru iz Saint-Clair-sur-Eptea 911. godine, Rolon je morao prestati s pljačkama i postati kraljev vazal, a kralj mu je dao upravu nad područjem uz donji tok Seine, koje će se prozvati Normandijom. Tako je stvoreno vojvodstvo Normandija. Kršten je imenom Robert 912. Podupirao je kralja Karla III. u ratu s njegovim suparnicima. Utemeljitelj dinastije vojvodâ od Normandije. Predao je upravljanje vojvodstvom svome sinu Vilimu I. Dugom Maču 927.

Poveznice
 Normani
 Normanska dinastija
 Vojvodstvo Normandija

Izvori
 Opća i nacionalna enciklopedija - Rolon
 Britanicca.com - Rollo duke of Normandy

Francuski vladari

Rolon


Die Serbia Open 2010 waren ein Tennisturnier, welches vom 3. bis 9. Mai 2010 in Belgrad stattfand. Es war Teil der ATP World Tour 2010 und wurde im Freien auf Sand ausgetragen. In derselben Woche wurden in Oeiras die Estoril Open sowie in München die BMW Open gespielt, die genau wie die Serbia Open zur Kategorie ATP World Tour 250 zählten.

Titelverteidiger im Einzel war Novak Đoković, der in diesem Jahr im Viertelfinale, beim Stande von 6:4 nach dem ersten Satz gegen Filip Krajinović, das Spiel aufgeben musste. Im diesjährigen Finale traf John Isner auf Sam Querrey. Querrey entschied das Finale mit 3:6, 7:64 und 6:4 für sich und sicherte sich so seinen vierten Titel. Im Doppel waren Johan Brunström und Jean-Julien Rojer die Titelverteidiger, sie schieden jedoch im Halbfinale gegen Santiago González und Travis Rettenmaier aus, welche das Turnier gewinnen konnten. Im Finale siegten sie gegen das Duo Tomasz Bednarek und Mateusz Kowalczyk mit 7:66 und 6:1.

Das Teilnehmerfeld der Einzelkonkurrenz bestand aus 28 Spielern, jenes der Doppelkonkurrenz aus 16 Paaren. Die vier topgesetzten Spieler im Einzel bekamen jeweils ein Freilos in die zweite Runde. Das Gesamtpreisgeld betrug 373.200 Euro, die gesamten finanziellen Verbindlichkeiten lagen bei 424.950 Euro.

Qualifikation
Die Qualifikation fand vom 1. bis 3. Mai 2010 statt. Ausgespielt wurden vier Qualifikantenplätze, die zur Teilnahme am Hauptfeld des Turniers berechtigten. Hinzu kam ein Lucky Loser.

Folgende Spieler hatten die Qualifikation überstanden und spielten im Hauptfeld des Turniers:

Preisgelder und Weltranglistenpunkte
Es wurden die folgenden Preisgelder und Weltranglistenpunkte für das Erreichen der jeweiligen Runde ausgezahlt bzw. gutgeschrieben. Spieler, die über die Qualifikation ins Hauptfeld einzogen, erhielten die angegebenen Qualifikationspunkte zusätzlich zu denen für das Erreichen der jeweiligen Runde. Ansonsten sind die Beträge nicht kumulativ zu verstehen. Preisgelder für den Doppelwettbewerb gelten pro Team.

Einzel

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Doppel

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Weblinks und Quellen
 Offizielle Homepage des Turniers

Serbien
Tennisturnier in Belgrad

Serbia Open 2010


An Leochilus in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Leochilus in nahilalakip ha familia nga Orchidaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Leochilus

Leochilus


Veteranska bolnica je bolnička zdravstvena ustanova kojoj nadležno državno tijelo tj. dužnosnik dodijeli taj status za potrebe posebne zdravstvene skrbi ratnih veterana. U Hrvatskoj su to bolnice za potrebe hrvatskih branitelja iz Domovinskog rata tj. veterana Domovinskog rata i članova njihovih obitelji, sukladno zakonu kojim se uređuju prava hrvatskih branitelja iz Domovinskog rata i članova njihovih obitelji.

Izvori

Bolnice
Vojni veterani

Veteranska bolnica


El término Vinogradni ,  puede referirse a:

Vinogradni (Anapa, Krasnodar), localidad del ókrug urbano de la ciudad-balneario de Anapa del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia.
Vinogradni (Krymsk, Krasnodar), localidad del raión de Krymsk del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia.
Vinogradni (Temriuk, Krasnodar), localidad del raión de Temriuk del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia.
Vinogradni (Bélaya Kalitvá, Rostov), localidad del raión de Bélaya Kalitvá del óblast de Rostov, en Rusia.
Vinogradni (Volgodonsk, Rostov), localidad del raión de Volgodonsk del óblast de Rostov, en Rusia.
Vinogradni (Stávropol), localidad del krai de Stávropol, en Rusia.

Vinogradni (Lugansk), localidad del óblast de Lugansk, en Ucrania.
Vinogradni (Crimea), localidad de la república autónoma de Crimea, en Ucrania.

Vinogradni


Bilješke
NK Croatia Žakanje je kažnjena oduzimanjem 1 boda
NK Slunj je kažnjen oduzimanjem 2 boda

Izvori

 Krešimir Perušić - 100 godina nogometa u Karlovačkoj županiji 1903-2003, Karlovac 2004., ISBN 953-9969-0-6, str. 298

1980-81
Karlovac-1

1. općinska nogometna liga Karlovac 1980./81.


Decimus Valerius Asiaticus est un légat de Gaule Belgique durant la guerre civile de 69 et se rallie à Vitellius.

Famille
Il est le fils de Decimus Valerius Asiaticus et peut être de Lollia Saturnina son épouse.

Selon Bernard J.Kavanagh, Lollia Saturnina n'est pas sa mère mais plus probablement sa première femme. De Lollia Saturnina, il à un fils, Marcus Lollius Paulinus Decimus Valerius Asiaticus.

Au printemps de l'an 69, il épouse Vitellia, la fille de Vitellius et de sa deuxième épouse Galeria Fundana.

Biographie
Il est nommé consul désigné pour l'an 70 par Galba, il y est demis de ses fonctions par Othon et rejoint donc son beau-père Vitellius.

Il est légat de Gaule Belgique durant la guerre civile de 69 et se rallie à Vitellius.

Présent à la séance du Sénat fin 69, il est consul désigné pour l'année 70 et propose diverses mesures comme la reconstruction du Capitole, incendié lors des combats contre Flavius Sabinus. Il décède avant d'avoir atteint le consulat, en décembre 69 où janvier 70. Son épitaphe nous est parvenue.

Notes et références

Personnalité politique de l'Empire romain
Decimus

Decimus Valerius Asiaticus (légat)


සතුන්ගේ භාෂාව යනු මිනිසාගේ භාෂාවන් මිනිස් නොවන සත්ව පද්ධතීන් වෙත ආදර්ශනය කිරීමයි. මෙම යෙදුම පුළුල් ලෙස යොදාගනු ලැබූවද සත්ව භාෂාව මිනිස් භාෂාව තරම් සංකීර්ණ හෝ ප‍්‍රකාශනාත්මක නොවන බව බොහොමයක් පර්යේෂකයෝ පිලිගනිති.

සමහර පර්යේෂකයින් තර්ක කරන්නේ සත්ව භාෂාව එහි සංකීර්ණතම ස්වරූපයේදී පවා සත්ව සන්නිවේදනය සහ මිනිසාගේ භාෂාව අතර සැලකියයුතු වෙනස්කම් පවතින බවයි. එමෙන්ම ඔවුන්ගේ අදහස වන්නේ මේ දෙකෙහි යටිපෙළ මූලර්මයන් අතර සම්බන්ධතාවයක් නොමැති බවය.
අනෙක් අය තර්ක කරන්නේ සතුන්ගේ සන්නිවේදනය සහ මිනිසාගේ භාෂාව අතර පරිණාමීය අඛණ්ඩතාවයක් පවතින බවයි.
මිනිස් භාෂාවේ පවත්නා පහත ලක්‍ෂණයන් හේතුවෙන් එය සතුන්ගේ සන්නිවේදනයෙන් වෙනස්වන බව සැලකේ.

අහඹුබව - ශබ්දය හෝ සංඥාව සහ එහි අර්ථය අතර කිසිදු තාර්කික සම්බන්ධයක් නොමැත ('ගෙදර' යන වචනයේ කිසිදු 'ගෙවල්මය' බවත් නැත).
සංස්කෘතික සමපේක්‍ෂණය - භාෂාව ව්‍යවහාර කරන එක් අයෙකුගෙන් තවත් අයෙකුට සවිඥ්ඥාණිකව හෝ අවිඥ්ඥාණිකව ගමන් කරයි.
විචාරශීලීත්වය - භාෂාව නිර්මාණය වී ඇත්තේ අර්ථය නිර්මාණය කිරීම සඳහා සංයෝජනයක් ලෙස යොදාගනු ලබන ප‍්‍රභින්න ඒකකයන්ගෙනි.
විස්ථාපනය -  අවකාශයේ හෝ තාවකාලිකව වටපිටාවේ නොමැති අදහස් පිලිබඳ සන්නිවේදනය කිරීමට භාෂාව යොදාගත හැක.
ද්වෛතය -  භාෂාව තල දෙකක එකවර කි‍්‍රයාත්මක වෙයි. එනම් මතුපිට තලය සහ ශබ්දාර්ථ මට්ටමයි.
පාරභාෂාමය බව - භාෂාව පිලිබඳ සාකච්ඡා කළහැකිවීම.
ඵලදායීත්වය -  උච්ඡාරනයන් අතිවිශාල සංඛ්‍යාවක් නිර්මාණය කිරීම සඳහා අවශ්‍ය වන්නේ ඒකකයන් සීමිත සංඛ්‍යාවක් පමණකි.

ෆ‍්‍රැන්සීන් පැටර්සන් කෝකෝ සමග කළ පර්යේෂණ වැනි වානරයින් සමග කළ පර්යේෂණ විසින් පෙන්වා දෙන්නේ ඉහත අවශ්‍යතාවන් සමහරක් තෘප්ත කරන භාෂාවක් වානරයින් විසින් යොදාගනු ලබන බවයි. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස එක් චිම්පන්සියකු සර්පයකු දුටුවහොත් අනෙක් සියලූ චිම්පන්සීන්ට අසල ගස්වලට නැගින ලෙස අනතුරු අඟවමින් යමක් එකිනෙකට ගැටෙන ආකාරයේ පහත් හඬක් නිකුත් කරයි.

මී මැස්සන්ගේ නැටුම්වල අවකාශය පිලිබඳ විස්ථාපන අංගයන් හඳුනාගත හැක. සංඥා භාෂාව උගන්වනු ලැබූ බොහෝ වානරයින්ගේ ජනිතයින් වෙත සංස්කෘතික සමපේක්‍ෂණය සිදුව ඇත.
කෙසේවෙතත් මෙම තනි තනි ලක්‍ෂණයන් පැවතීම සතුන්ට මිනිසුන් මෙන් සන්නිවේදනයේ යෙදිය හැකියැයි කීමට සුදුසුකමක් නොවේ.

සත්ව භාෂාව


John Dall (født 26. maj 1920, død 15. januar 1971) var en amerikansk teater- og filmskuespiller. Han er bedst husket i dag for to filmroller: den koldblodige intellektuelle morder i Alfred Hitchcocks Rebet (1948) og den skydegale gangster i Gun Crazy (1950). Han havde også en væsentlig rolle i Stanley Kubricks Spartacus (1960). Han kom først til berømmelse som det unge vidunderbarn, der kommer til live under oplæring af Bette Davis i The Corn is Green (1945), for hvilken han blev nomineret til en Oscar for bedste mandlige birolle.

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra New York
Personer fra New York City
Amerikanere i 1900-tallet
Oscar-nominerede skuespillere

John Dall


ජුවම් හෙන්රික්සෙ යනු,  පෘතුගීසි ලංකාවේ පළමුවන කැප්ටන්-මේජර්වරයා විය. 1551 දී හෙන්රික්සෙ පත් කරන ලද්දේ පෘතුගාලයේ තෙවන ජෝන් රජ විසින් වන අතර, 1551 දක්වා හෙතෙම කැප්ටන්-මේජර් තනතුර හෙබවීය. ඔහුගේ අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා වූයේ ජියෝගො ඩි මේලො කූචීනො විය.

ආශ්‍රිත

 සෙයිලෝහී කැප්ටන්-මේජර්වරු
16වන-සියවසේ පෘතුගීසි ජනයා

ජුවම් හෙන්රික්සෙ


Harry's Law es una serie de televisión estadounidense de comedia legal dramática  creada por David E. Kelley. que se estrenó el 17 de enero de 2011.

El 12 de mayo de 2011, el show de NBC fue renovado por una segunda temporada, que se estrenó el miércoles 21 de septiembre de 2011. NBC ordenó 6 capítulos adicionales para la segunda temporada el 11 de octubre de 2011.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Series de televisión de Estados Unidos de los años 2010

Harry's Law


An Vriesea ensiformis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Vell., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Johann Georg Beer. An Vriesea ensiformis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Vriesea, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Vriesea

Vriesea ensiformis


2006 Antalya Altın Portakal Film Festivali, Antalya Altın Portakal Film Festivali'nin 43.'südür. 16-23 Eylül 2006 tarihlerinde düzenlenmiştir. Ödül töreni Antalya'da Cam Piramit'te gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Ulusal Uzun Metraj Film Yarışması adayları
43. Antalya Altın Portakal Film Festivali'nin ulusal yarışma bölümünde yarışan Türk filmleri;

Ödüller

Ulusal Uzun Metraj Film Yarışması

 En İyi Film : "Kader" Yönetmen: Zeki Demirkubuz(300.000-YTL para ödülü ve Altın Portakal Heykeli)
 Dr. Avni Tolunay Jüri Özel Ödülü: "Takva" Yapımcı Sevil Demirci (Altın Portakal Heykeli)
 Behlül Dal Genç Yetenek Özel Ödülü: "Kader" filmindeki rolüyle Ufuk Bayraktar (Digiturk'un desteğiyle 25.000.-USD ve Altın Portakal Heykeli)
 En İyi Yönetmen: Nuri Bilge Ceylan "İklimler" filmiyle(30.000.–YTL ve Altın Portakal Heykeli)
 En İyi Senaryo - "Takva filmiyle Önder Çakar (20.000.-YTL ve Altın Portakal Heykeli)
 En İyi Müzik - "Takva" Gökçe Akçelik (20.000.-YTL ve Altın Portakal Heykeli)
 En İyi Kadın Oyuncu - "Eve Dönüş" filmiyle Sibel Kekillli
 En İyi Erkek Oyuncu - "Takva" filmiyle Erkan Can
 En İyi Görüntü Yönetmeni - "Takva" filmiyle Soykut Turan
 En İyi Sanat Yönetmeni - "Takva" filmiyle Erol Taştan
 En İyi Yardımcı Kadın Oyuncu - "İklimler" filmiyle Nazan Kesal
 En İyi Yardımcı Erkek Oyuncu - "Eve Dönüş" filmiyle Civan Canova
 En İyi Kurgu - "İklimler" filmiyle Ayhan Ergürsel
 En İyi laboratuvar Sinefekt - "İklimler" ve "Takva"
 En İyi Makyaj ve Saç - "Takva" filmiyle Nimet İnkaya
 En İyi Kostüm Tasarımı - "Takva" filmiyle Ayten Şenyurt
 En İyi Ses Tasarımı ve Miksaj - "İklimler" filmiyle İsmail Karadaş
 En İyi Özel Efekt - "Cenneti Beklerken" filmiyle Uğur Erbaş

Ulusal Belgesel Film Yarışması

 En İyi Belgesel - "Gündelikçi" Yönetmen: Emel Çelebi (7.500.-YTL ve Altın Portakal Heykeli)

Jüri Özel Ödülü

 "Ömer Eve Gel" - Yönetmenler: Barış Şahin, Serkan Şavk, Onur Cihan

Ulusal Kısa Film Yarışması

 En İyi Kısa Film - "Bir Damla Su" Yönetmen: Deniz Gamze Ergüven (7.500.-YTL ve Altın Portakal Heykeli)
 Jüri Özel Ödülü: "Poyraz" Yönetmen: Belma Baş

Özel ödüller
 Yaşam Boyu Onur Ödülü - Aytaç Arman
 Yaşam Boyu Onur Ödülü - Yusuf Sezgin
 Yıldırım Önal Anı Ödülü - Kartal Tibet
 Sinema Emek Ödülü - Recep Biçer

2. Uluslararası Avrasya Film Festivali Ödülleri
Ana madde: 2. Uluslararası Avrasya Film Festivali

Uluslararası Avrasya Film Festivali, Altın Portakal çerçevesinde verilen ödüllerdir. Bu ödüller ilk kez 2005 yılında verilmiştir.

 En İyi Film - "The Paper Will Be Blue-Kağıt Mavi Olacak"
Yönetmen Radu Muntean. Yapımcı Dragos Vilcu ödülü aldı. (75.000.-USD ve Altın Portakal Heykeli)

 En İyi Yönetmen - "Taxidermia" filmiyle György Palfi. Ödülü yönetmen olmadığı için filmin yapımcılarından Gabor Varadi ve oyuncularından Csaba Czene ve Gergö Trocsanyi birlikte aldı. (25.000.-USD ve Altın Portakal Heykeli)

Eleştirmenler Ödülü
 "12:08 Bükreş'in Doğusu" Yönetmen Corneliu Porumboiu. Kendisi olmadığı için ödülü Radu Muntean aldı. (15.000.-USD)

Onur Ödülleri

 Onur Ödülü - Taylor Hackford (Ödülünü TÜRSAK Başkanı Engin Yiğitgil verdi.)
 Onur Ödülü - Dame Helen Mirren (Ödlünü Antalya Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanı Menderes Türel verdi.)
 Onur Ödülü - Norman Jewison (Ödülünü Antalya Valisi Alaaddin Yüksel verdi.)

Jüriler

Ulusal Uzun Metraj Film Yarışması
 Şerif Gören, yönetmen
 Demet Akbağ, oyuncu
 Reha Erdem, yönetmen
 Paul Grandsard, yönetmen, yapımcı
 Ara Güler, fotoğrafçı
 Fatih Özgüven, yazar, çevirmeni sinemacı
 Giovanni Scognamillo, sinema yazarı
 Mine Vargı, yapımcı
 Serra Yılmaz, oyuncu

Ulusal Belgesel Yarışması
 Bilgin Adalı
 Mete Çubukçu
 Maria De La Rosa
 Yelda Reynaud
 Ece Temelkuran

Ulusal Kısa Film Yarışması
 Ozan Açıktan
 Füsun Demirel
 Uğur İçbak
 Özgü Namal
 Vera Neubauer

Dış bağlantılar
 43. Uluslararası Antalya Altın Portakal Film Festivali

Kaynakça

Antalya Altın Portakal Film Festivali
Antalya Film Festivali
Antalya Film Festivali

43. Altın Portakal Film Festivali


රුහුණේ සිට මායා රටට පිවිසීමට තනනු ලැබූ ප්‍රධාන දොරටුවක් ලෙස දෙහදු කඩුල්ල (හෝ කඩදොර) හැඳින්වේ.

අතීත කොත්මලේ රටක් ලෙස වෙන්ව තිබූ ප්‍රදේඔයකි. කොත්මලේට පිවිසුම් මාර්ග 4කි. ඒ  කඩදොර, වටදොර, නියම්ගම්දොර හා ගල් දොර වශයෙනි. කඩදොර යනුවෙන් ද හඳුන්වන දෙහදු  කඩුල්ල එක් පිවිසුමකි. ගල් කුට්ටි හා සක්ක ගල් භාවිතයෙන්  මෙම පිවිසුම සකසා ඇත. මෙය රුහුණ හා මායා රට අතර වන පිවිසුමක් නිසා මෙහිදී රටවල් දෙක අතර බදු අය කිරීම් ද සිදුව ඇත. පෞරාණික කොත්මලේ රුහුණු රටට අයත් ව තිබිණි.

ජනප්‍රවාද
ගැමුණු කුමරු රුහුණේ සිට පැමිණ සිය මගුල් කඩුව මෙම ස්ථානයේ සැඟවූ බව ජනප්‍රවාදගතව පවතී.

මූලාශ්‍ර

නුවරඑළිය දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පුරාවිද්‍යා ආරක්‍ෂිත ස්මාරක

දෙහදු කඩුල්ල


PFK Turan Tovuz, Azerbaycan'ın Tovuz kentinde kurulmuş bir Azerbaycanın futbol kulübüdür. En büyük başarısı 1993-1994 sezonunda Azerbaycan şampiyonu olmasıdır. 1994-95 UEFA Kupası'nda Fenerbahçe'nin rakibi olmuş, 5-0 ve 2-0'lık sonuçlarla elenmiştir.

Avrupa maçları

Başarıları
Azərbaycan Premyer Liqası:
Şampiyon (1): 1993-94

Teknik direktörler

 Zahid Hüseynov (1992)
 Ruslan Abdullayev (1992-93)
 Kazbek Tuayev (1993-95)
 Hanoğlan Abbasov (1995-00)
 Böyükağa Ağayev (2000-01)
 Nizami Sadıgov (2001-02)
 Naci Şensoy (2002-03)
 Nizami Sadıgov (2003-04)
 Naci Şensoy (2004-05)
 Sakit Aliyev (2005-07)
 Selahattin Dervent (2007-08)
 İtimad Gurbanov (2008-09)
 Nizami Sadıgov (2009-10)

 Sakit Aliyev (2010)
 Revaz Dzodzuaşvili (2010)
 Naci Şensoy (2010-11)
 Asker Abdullayev (2011-12)
 Afgan Talibov (2012-13)
 Nadir Nebiyev (2013-14)
 Badri Kvaratshelia (2014)
 Nizami Sadıgov (2015–2016)
 Asker Abdullayev (2016–2018)
 Eltay Aslanov (2018–2019)
 İlham Yadullayev (2019–2021)
 Afgan Talibov (2021-2022)
 Ayhan Abbasov (2022-)

Dış bağlantılar
 AFFA.AZ'de Turan Tovuz
 UEFA.COM'da Turan Tovuz
 EUFO.DE'de Turan Tovuz
 Turan Tovuz
 Playerhistory.com'da Turan Tovuz
 Football-Lineups.com'da Turan Tovuz

Azerbaycan'daki futbol kulüpleri
1992'de kurulan futbol kulüpleri

Turan Tovuz İK


Cañada Grande, teilweise auch als Mevir Cañada Grande bezeichnet, ist eine Ortschaft in Uruguay.

Geographie
Cañada Grande befindet sich auf dem Gebiet des Departamento San José in dessen Sektor 6 in der Cuchilla Mangrullo. Ansiedlungen in der Nähe sind im Süden Villa María sowie im Südwesten Rincón del Pino, Rafael Perazza und Mangrullo - Pueblo Leonico Rivero. Südlich des Ortes entspringen der Arroyo del Tala und der Arroyo Tala Chico, die zum Einzugsgebiet des Arroyo Luis Perreira zählen. Nördlich Cañada Grandes erstreckt sich die Cuchilla San José.

Infrastruktur
Durch den Ort führt die Ruta 3.

Einwohner
Die Einwohnerzahl von Cañada Grande beträgt 59 (Stand: 2011), davon 34 männliche und 25 weibliche. Für die vorhergehenden Volkszählungen der Jahre 1963, 1975, 1985 und 1996 sind beim Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay keine Daten erfasst worden.

Quelle: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay

Weblinks
 Stadtplan von Cañada Grande (PDF; 70 kB)

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Departamento San José

Cañada Grande (San José)


La mesorregión del Oeste de Minas es una de las doce mesorregiones del estado brasileño de Minas Gerais. Es formada por la unión de 44 municipios agrupados en cinco microrregiones.
Es una región de IDH medio alto, con una economía diversificada, destacando los municipios de Itaúna, Formiga y Divinópolis, y otros de importancia regional como Arcos, Oliveira, Campo Belo, Nova Serrana y Piumhi.

Microrregiones
 Campo Belo
 Divinópolis
 Formiga
 Oliveira
 Piumhi

Mesorregiones de Minas Gerais

Mesorregión del Oeste de Minas


Yuliia Pavlivna Shuliar (en ), née le  à Jytomyr, est une athlète handisport ukrainienne concourant en T20 pour les athlètes ayant un handicap mental. Elle est championne d'Europe du  en 2021.

Carrière
Pour ses premiers Jeux en 2021, Shuliar remporte la médaille d'argent du  en 55 s 19 derrière l'Américaine Breanna Clark.

Palmarès

Jeux paralympiques

 Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2020 à Tokyo :
   T20

Championnats du monde

 Championnats du monde 2019 à Dubaï :
   T20

Références

Liens externes

Athlète handisport ukrainienne
Médaillée d'argent paralympique ukrainienne
Athlète (femme) aux Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2020
Naissance en août 1997
Naissance à Jytomyr

Yuliia Shuliar


Achim Schneider (* 17. September 1950 in Augsburg) ist ein deutscher Gynäkologe und Geburtshelfer.

Leben und Wirken
Achim Schneider legte 1969 am humanistischen Gymnasium St. Stephan in Augsburg das Abitur ab. Er studierte Medizin an den Universitäten Würzburg, Wien, Innsbruck und Ulm, wo er auch 1975 promovierte. Im selben Jahr legt der auch das amerikanische Staatsexamen (ECFMG) ab. Er arbeitete als Medizinalassistent in Berlin und Nürnberg und danach jeweils ein Jahr als Assistenzarzt in der Frauenklinik Esslingen und der chirurgischen Abteilung des Krankenhauses Schorndorf. Als Wehrersatzdienst folgten zwei Jahre ärztliche Tätigkeit in Butha Buthe, Lesotho mit dem Deutschen Entwicklungsdienst.

Achim Schneider war dann fünf Jahre wissenschaftlicher Assistent an der Universitätsfrauenklinik Ulm, wo er 1987 habilitierte und Facharzt für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe wurde. In den folgenden sieben Jahren arbeitete er dort als Oberarzt, wurde außerplanmäßiger Professor, erwarb einen Master of Public Health an der Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore und machte eine Fellowship in gynäkologischer Onkologie an der University of Arizona, Tucson. Er erwarb alle drei Subspezialisierungen, d. h. operative Gynäkologie und gynäkologische Onkologie, Geburtshilfe pränatale Medizin und gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin und machte eine Ausbildung zum Medizinökonom an der Universität Bayreuth.

1994 wurde er auf den Lehrstuhl (C4-Professur) für Gynäkologie an der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena berufen. Von 2004 bis 2013 war er C4-Professor für Gynäkologie und gynäkologische Onkologie und Direktor der Klinik für Gynäkologie der Charité. Seit 2014 ist er Leiter der Dysplasiesprechstunde am Medizinischen Versorgungszentrum im Fürstenberg-Karree Berlin.

Seit 1992 ist Achim Schneider mit der Gynäkologin Viola Schneider verheiratet. Sie haben zwei Töchter und leben in Berlin.

Berufliche Schwerpunkte
Die klinische Tätigkeit von Achim Schneider umfasst die Diagnostik und Therapie von genitalen Neoplasien mittels minimalinvasiver Verfahren. Er hat mit seiner Arbeitsgruppe in Deutschland neue laparoskopische Operationstechniken in der gynäkologischen Onkologie eingeführt und etabliert. Wissenschaftlich befasst er sich mit der primären und sekundären Prävention von HPV-assoziierten ano-genitalen Neoplasien, wobei er als klinischer Kooperationspartner für die Arbeitsgruppe von Harald zur Hausen fungiert.

Mitgliedschaften
 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe
 Arbeitsgemeinschaft gynäkologische Onkologie
 Arbeitsgemeinschaft gynäkologische Endoskopie
 Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Kolposkopie und Zervixpathologie
 European Forum for the Research of Papilloma virus infections in humans and animals
 Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft
 International Papilloma Virus Society
 EORTC Gynecologic Cancer Group
 European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO)
 Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina (seit 2003)
 Berliner Krebsgesellschaft

Auszeichnungen
 Stipendium Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (1985)
 Stipendium Merck International Fellowship (1989)
 Ehrenmitglied Canadian Society for Colposcopy (1994)
 Barbara Moore Jordan Visiting Professorship in Gynecologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York (2003)
 Richard Symmonds Visiting Professorship, Mayo Clinic, Dept. of Gynecology, Rochester (2008)
 Vorsitz der Cervical Cancer Initiative Advisory Group der UICC (2010)
 Ehrenmitglied Johns Hopkins University Society of Scholar 2012
 Mitglied der WHO Arbeitsgruppe "Comprehensive cervical cancer control: a guide to essential practice" (2012)

Schriften (Auswahl)
 A. Schneider: G M. Screening for cervical cancer in Butha Buthe, Lesotho. In: Tropical Doctor. 14, 1984, S. 170–174.
 A. Schneider, H. Kraus, R. Schuhmann, L. Gissmann: Papillomavirus infection of the lower genital tract: detection of viral DNA in gynecological swabs. In: International Journal of Cancer. 35(4), 1985, S. 443–448. PMID 2985509
 H zur Hausen, A. Schneider: The Role of Papillomaviruses in Human Anogenital Cancer. In: The Papovaviridae. 1987, 2(9).
 A. Schneider, T. Oltersdorf, V. Schneider, L. Gissmann: Distribution pattern of human papilloma virus 16 genome in cervical neoplasia by molecular in situ hybridization of tissue sections. In: International Journal of Cancer. 39(6), 1987, S. 717–721. PMID 3034804
 A. Schneider, E. Sawada, L. Gissmann, K. Shah: Human papillomaviruses in women with a history of abnormal Papanicolaou smears and in their male partners. In: Obstetrics & Gynecology. 69(4), 1987, S. 554–562. PMID 3029642
 A. Schneider, T. Kirchhoff, G. Meinhardt, L. Gissmann: Repeated evaluation of human papillomavirus 16 status in cervical swabs of young women with a history of normal Papanicolaou smears. In: Obstetrics and gynecology. 1992, 79(5(Pt 1)), S. 683–688. PMID 1314360
 A. Schneider, M. Possover, S. Kamprath, U. Endisch, N. Krause, H. Nöschel: Laparoscopy-assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy modified according to Schauta-Stoeckel. In: Obstet Gynecol. 88(6), 1996, S. 1057–1060. PMID 8942853
 Marc Possover, N. Krause, K. Plaul, R. Kühne-Heid, A. Schneider: Laparoscopic para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy: experience with 150 patients and review of the literature. In: Gynecol Oncol. 1998, 71(1), S., 19–28. PMID 9784314
 M. Possover, N. Krause, R. Kühne-Heid, A. Schneider: Laparoscopic assistance for extended radicality of radical vaginal hysterectomy: description of a technique. In: Gynecol Oncol. 70(1), 1998, S. 94–99. PMID 9698482
 M. Possover, S. Stöber, K. Plaul, A. Schneider: Identification and preservation of the motoric innervation of the bladder in radical hysterectomy type III. In: Gynecol Oncol. 79(2), 2000, S. 154–157. PMID 11063637
 S. Malur, M. Possover, W. Michels, A. Schneider: Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal versus abdominal surgery in patients with endometrial cancer – a prospective randomized trial. In: Gynecol Oncol. 80(2), 2001, S. 239–244. PMID 11161866
 H. Hertel, C. Köhler, W. Michels, M. Possover, R. Tozzi, A. Schneider: Laparoscopic-assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy (LARVH): prospective evaluation of 200 patients with cervical cancer. In: Gynecol Oncol. 90(3), 2003, S. 505–511. PMID 13678717
 C. Köhler, P. Klemm, A. Schau, M. Possover, N. Krause, R. Tozzi, A. Schneider: Introduction of transperitoneal lymphadenectomy in a gynecologic oncology center: analysis of 650 laparoscopic pelvic and/or paraaortic transperitoneal lymphadenectomies. In: Gynecol Oncol. 95(1), 2004, S. 52–61. PMID 15385110
 H. Hertel, C. Köhler, D. Grund, P. Hillemanns, M. Possover, W. Michels, A. Schneider, German Association of Gynecologic Oncologists (AGO): Radical vaginal trachelectomy (RVT) combined with laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy: prospective multicenter study of 100 patients with early cervical cancer. In: Gynecol Oncol. 103(2), 2006, S. 506–511. PMID 16690104
 C. Altgassen, H. Hertel, A. Brandstädt, C. Köhler, M. Dürst, A. Schneider, AGO Study Group: Multicenter validation study of the sentinel lymph node concept in cervical cancer: AGO Study Group. In: J Clin Oncol. 26(18), 2008, S. 2943–2951. PMID 18565880

Weblinks

 Achim Schneider auf der Website des Medizinischen Versorgungszentrums im Fürstenberg-Karree Berlin
 Lebenslauf von Achim Schneider (PDF; 82 kB) Website der Charité

Einzelnachweise

Gynäkologe, Geburtshelfer
Mediziner (20. Jahrhundert)
Mediziner (21. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Charité)
Hochschullehrer (Freie Universität Berlin)
Hochschullehrer (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Ulm)
Mitglied der Leopoldina (21. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1950
Mann

Achim Schneider (Mediziner)