Denise Lor (born Denise Jeanne Briault; May 3, 1929 – September 27, 2015) was an American popular singer and actress. She was a featured artist on The Garry Moore Show. In 1951, she appeared in the short-lived variety show Seven at Eleven.

Early years
Of French parentage and born in Los Angeles, Lor moved with her mother to Jackson Heights, Queens, New York at the age of 5, following her father's death. She graduated from Newtown High School and took art courses at night at Cooper Union, intent on becoming a commercial artist, while waitressing during the day at a Schrafft's restaurant. She also had a love for singing, saving up money to do it professionally. She believed her chance to sing in Sonja Henie's New York ice show at the Center Theatre to be her big break. She also decided to use her mother's maiden name, Lor, as her stage name.

Television
In addition to her work on The Garry Moore Show, Lor was a regular on The Big Payoff and Droodles. She made her dramatic TV debut on Appointment with Adventure on August 14, 1955.

Personal appearances
After Lor's association with The Garry Moore Show ended, she performed in night clubs and similar venues. In the early 1970s, she worked in touring stock theater.

Stage
Lor appeared in numerous musical comedies including Gypsy, Annie and Sweeney Todd.

Recording
Lor's main hit song was "If I Give My Heart to You", which charted in 1954 at the same time as another recording of the same song by Doris Day.

Personal life
Lor married and subsequently divorced TV director and singer Jay Martin, with whom she had sons, Ron and Denis. They had met when she was singing on The Garry Moore Show at CBS, where he was an associate director. Her second marriage was to writer Charles Horine (aka Chuck Horner).

References

External links

1929 births
2015 deaths
American musical theatre actresses
Television personalities from New York City
American women television personalities
American women singers
Singers from New York City
Liberty Records artists
Actresses from Queens, New York
Traditional pop music singers
Place of death missing
21st-century American women

Denise Lor


ශුද්ධ වූ අල් -කුර්ආනයේ සුභ පණිවිඩය ලොවට විදහා දැක්වීමට නොයෙකුත් ආකාරයේ විවිධ වූ මාධ්‍යයන් උප‍යෝගී කර ගෙන ඇත. කුර්ආනයේ අභ්‍යන්තර හරය පැහැදිලි කර ප්‍රේක්ෂකයන්ගේ අවධානය දින ගැනීම සඳහා එකල ජනයා භාවිතා කළ ආවේණික අරාබි භාෂාව උපයෝගී කරගෙන වාක්‍ය හා පරිච්ඡේද පෙළ ගන්වා ඇත. වචන උච්ඡාරණය කළ යුතු ආකාරය හා ලිවීමට සරල භාෂා ශෛලියක් උපයෝගී කර ගනිමින් ජනයාගේ සිත් ඇද ගන්නා ස්වරූපයෙන් මෙය නිමාන වී ඇත. අරබි විද්වතුන්ගේ සම්මත පිළිගැනීමක් වන්නේ අල් කුර්ආන‍් ග්‍රන්ථ‍යන් අනෙකුත් සාහිත්‍ය කෘති ලෙස සලකා කටයුතු කළ යුතු බවයි. නමුත් මුස්ලිම්වරුන් ස්ථිර ලෙස පවසන්නේ ශුද්ධ වූ අල්-කුර්ආනයේ විස්තරය හා විලාසය අනුකරණය කළ නොහැකි බවයි.
රිචඩ් ගොතෙයිල් සහ සිග්මන්ඩ් ෆ්රෑන්කල් යන දෙදෙනා යුදෙව් විශ්වකෝෂයේ සඳහන් කරන ආකාරයට පැරණිතම අල් කුර්ආන් කොටසක් එහි වැදගත් තොරතුරුවලින් එහි භාෂාව වැරදි ලෙස හසුරුවා කෙටියෙන්, අහඹු ලෙස  හා එකකට පසු තකෙක් යන ක්‍රියාදාමයට අනුකූලව ක්ෂණිකව වෙනස් කර ඇත.
ශුද්ධ අල්කුර්ආනය ඉතාමත් සූක්ෂම අයුරින් පැහැදිලිව හා නිවැරදිව සැලකිල්ලට ගනිමින් එහි එලිසම නිරවුල්ව පවත්වා ගෙන ඇත.
පසුව පහළ වූ කුර්ආන් පාඨවල ද මෙම තත්වය ඉහල මට්ටමක පැවතුන ද එහි නිහඬ බව හා එය හසුරුවා ඇති විලාසය ගැන වාද විවාද පවතී.
ඉස්ලාමයේ මුල්ම කාල වකවානුවේ පහල වූ මක්කියා පරිච්ඡේදවලින් හෙලි දක්වන තොරතුරු නැවත නැවතත් ප්‍රශ්ණයක් යොමු කරයි. "මිනිස් ජීවිතයක අවසානය කෙසේ ප්‍රයෝජනවත් වෙයිද?"
මයිකල් සෙල්ස් නැමැත්තා නෝමන් ඕ. බ්‍රවුන් සමඟ වාද කළ අතර බ්‍රවුන්ස් හෙලි දක්වා ඇති තොරතුරු වන්නේ අල් කුර්ආනයේ කලාව ක්‍රමවත් නොවීම හේතුවෙන් එය විසිරී පැතිර පවතින කෘතියක ස්වරූපයක් ගන්නා බවයි.
සෝල්ස් මහතාගේ තොරතුරුවලින් හෙලි දක්වන‍්නේ ද එය සාහිත්‍යමය කලාවන් බවත්, එය සිත් ගන්නා සුළු සංවේදී අනාවරණයක් වන අතර එකල අරාබිවරුන් භාවිතා කළ ආවේණික මව්  භාෂාවෙන්ම පහල වී ඇති බවත්ය. සෙල්ස් මහතා තවදුරටත් සඳහන් කරන්නේ එය නැවත නැවත තොරතුරු හෙලි දැක්වීමත් එක්තරා සාහිත්‍යමය කලාවකට අනුව සකස් කර ඇති බවයි.

කුර්ආන් - සාහිත්‍යමය සැකැස්ම


Yoshi ist ein sehr kleiner Einschlagkrater auf der nordöstlichen Mondvorderseite in der Ebene des Mare Serenitatis, unmittelbar bei der Mondsenke des Aratus CA.

Die namentliche Bezeichnung geht auf eine ursprünglich inoffizielle Bezeichnung auf Blatt Topophotomap 42A4/S2 der Topophotomap-Kartenserie der NASA zurück, die von der IAU 1976 übernommen wurde.

Weblinks

 Yoshi auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Yoshi (Mondkrater)


Fábio Farroco Braga (n. 6 septembrie 1992, Lisabona) este un fotbalist portughez, care evoluează pe postul de mijlocaș defensiv la clubul brazilian Fluminense.

Carieră
Născut în Lisabona, Braga s-a mutat în Brazilia în anul 1995, la vârsta de doi ani. În 2009 se alătură echipei de juniori a clubului Fluminense, după o perioadă scurtă la juniorii lui Internacional, și a fost promovat la prima echipă a clubului în cursul sezonului 2011-2012.

Braga a debutat ca senior pe data de 21 ianuarie 2012, înlocuindu-l în partea finală a meciului pe Alejandro Martinuccio, într-un meci în care echipa sa a câștigat cu 3-0 în fața celor de la Friburguense, Fluminense câștigând, astfel, Campeonato Carioca. A marcat primul său gol pe 28 aprilie, marcând primul gol din victoria cu 2-0 contra celor de la Volta Redonda.

Braga și-a făcut debutul în Série A pe 20 mai, începând meciul care avea să se termine 1-0, contra celor de la Corinthians, și a terminat sezonul cu opt meciuri jucate, în timp ce echipa sa a devenit campioană. În august 2013 s-a vorbit de o mutare la Modena, dar înțelegerea a eșuat mai apoi.

Pe data de 27 august 2014, după ce a fost folosit arareori, Braga a fost împrumutat la América-RN până în decembrie. A apărut în doar patru meciuri pentru América-RN, care avea să retrogradeze în acel sezon.

În data de 28 ianuarie 2015, Braga s-a transferat la CSMS Iași, fiind împrumutat de către Flu. A marcat prima oară în data de 9 mai, marcând ultimul gol din victoria cu 2-0 în deplasare la Ploiești.

Viața personală
Tatăl lui Braga, Abel, a fost de asemenea fotbalist. Acesta a reprezentat Fluminense ca fundaș central.

Palmares
Campeonato Carioca (2012)
Série A (2012)

Legături externe

Referințe

Fotbaliști portughezi
Portughezi în viață
Fotbaliști
Fotbaliști ai CSM Politehnica Iași

Fábio Braga


Uzatma ağları, balıkların galsamalarından ağa takılması veya ağa vurdukları esnada yaptıkları hareketlerle ağlara sarılması ya da sık gözlü ağa çarparak seyrek gözlü ağda torba yapmak suretiyle yakalanmalarını sağlayan istihsal aracıdır.

Bu ağlar çok çeşitli olup her balığın türüne göre ayrılır. Örneğin barbun ağları, sinarit fangri gibi iri balıklar için genellile derin sulara atılan kalın ağlar, köpek ağları, trança ağları, palamut ağları gibi fakat Ege kıyılarında genellikle kullanılan ve kallananların çoğu küçük balıkçıdır. 3-4 metre yükseklikteki uzatma ağlarıdır.

Bu ağların seçilmesinin en önemli nedeni, her balığı yakalama özelliğine sahip olmasıdır. Fakat balığın büyüklüğü ve ağları kalınlığı çok önemlidir.

Balık ağları

Uzatma ağları


Deiglujurtarætt er lítil ætt með átta einærar tegundir í tvemur ættkvíslum. Þær eru allar frá N-Ameríku, en eru ræktaðar víðar sem sumarblóm (Eggjablóm - Limnanthes douglasii) og í olíuframleiðslu (Limnanthes alba).

Tilvísanir

Deiglujurtarætt

Deiglujurtarætt


An Sporobolus interruptus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni George Vasey. An Sporobolus interruptus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sporobolus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Sporobolus

Sporobolus interruptus


Die Liste der Straßen und Plätze in Mahlsdorf beschreibt das komplette Straßensystem im Berliner Ortsteil Mahlsdorf des Bezirks Marzahn-Hellersdorf mit den entsprechenden historischen Bezügen. Gleichzeitig ist diese Zusammenstellung ein Teil der Listen aller Berliner Straßen und Plätze.

Überblick
Der von Nordosten nach Süden verlaufende Straßenzug Hönower Straße–Hultschiner Damm ist mit rund 6,7 Kilometern der längste Verkehrsweg im Ortsteil. An der Hönower Straße nördlich von Alt-Mahlsdorf befinden sich die ältesten Häuser des Dorfes am ehemaligen Anger. Dorfgemeinde und Gut gehörten zum Landkreis Niederbarnim in der preußischen Provinz Brandenburg. 1874 kam die Gemeinde Mahlsdorf zum neu gebildeten Amtsbezirk Biesdorf, das Gut blieb bis 1912 rechtlich selbstständig. 1919 kaufte die Stadt Lichtenberg das Rittergut von den Schrobsdorffschen Erben und stellte es teilweise als Siedlungsland für Lichtenberger Bürger, vor allem Kriegsversehrte, zur Verfügung. Im Berliner Adressbuch wird Mahlsdorf mit seinen Straßen erst aufgeführt, nachdem die Landgemeinde 1920 Teil Groß-Berlins und des dortigen Verwaltungsbezirks Lichtenberg wurde. In den 1920er Jahren entstanden im Süden der Siedlungsbereich 'Kiekemal' und etwa zeitgleich im Westen der Gemarkung die Siedlungen 'Elsengrund' und 'Eichenhof' mit ihren Straßennetzen, sodass die entsprechenden Verbindungen ausgebaut werden mussten.

Die Verbreiterung und Begradigung der Berliner Ein- und Ausfallstraße B 1/B 5 in der Zeit der DDR zerstörte Teile des alten Dorfkerns unwiederbringlich. Nach der Wende entstanden im Nord- und Nordostbereich neue Wohnquartiere, und im Siedlungsgebiet Mahlsdorf-Süd wurden zahlreiche neue Einfamilienhäuser errichtet. Seither entstanden vorrangig in Mahlsdorf-Nord neue Straßen als Zufahrten zu den neu erbauten Siedlungshäusern. Straßenbreite, Fahrbahndecken und Ausbauzustand mancher Straßen entsprechen der Stadtrandlage des Ortsteils bzw. dem Alter der Straßen und Wege.

21 Straßen erhielten Bezeichnungen nach Baumarten, anderen Pflanzen oder Landschaften, 20 Straßennamen ehren Personen mit Regionalbezug, 10 Straßen sind nach ehemaligen deutschen Orten benannt, die infolge der beiden Weltkriege nunmehr zu Polen bzw. zu Tschechien gehören, und 58 Straßennamen beziehen sich auf Künstler, Schriftsteller, Musiker oder Komponisten. Bei den Namenserläuterungen der nach deutschen Orten benannten Straßen werden die heutigen Verwaltungsstrukturen genannt, nicht die bei ihrer Benennung gültigen.

Im Ortsteil liegen 246 gewidmete Straßen (Stand: Dezember 2016), hinzu kommen elf benannte Plätze. Von den Straßen setzen sich 31 in den Nachbarortsteilen unter gleichem Namen fort. Als Bundesstraße ist Alt-Mahlsdorf mit der auf gemeinsamer Trasse verlaufenden B 1 und B 5 ausgewiesen. Im übergeordneten Straßennetz von Berlin gehören Hönower Straße und Hultschiner Damm zu den übergeordneten, Dahlwitzer Straße und Kohlisstraße zu den regionalen Straßenverbindungen. Durch die Siedlungslage des Ortsteils ist die Anzahl der Ergänzungsstraßen vergleichsweise groß, diese führen den Verkehr zu den Siedlungsstraßen. Teilweise oder in voller Länge gehören zur Kategorie IV: Akazienallee (910 m), Am Rosenhag (220 m), An der Schule (60 m), Donizettistraße (660 m), Elsenstraße (1080 m), Fritz-Reuter-Straße (170 m), Kressenweg (300 m), Landsberger Straße (890 m), Lemkestraße (2490 m), Pilgramer Straße (930 m), Rahnsdorfer Straße (1290 m), Ridbacher Straße (340 m), Wilhelmsmühlenweg (750 m) und Wodanstraße (560 m). Die Gesamtlänge aller Bundes-, Stadt- und Siedlungsstraßen im Ortsteil beträgt 142,3 Kilometer.

Mahlsdorf hat  Einwohner (Stand: ) und umfasst den Postleitzahlenbereich 12623.

Übersicht der Straßen und Plätze

Liste ehemaliger, umbenannter und geplanter Straßen
Durch die "Siedlung Kiekemal" und deren Übergang von Dahlwitz an Mahlsdorf und auch die 1920 erfolgte Eingliederung nach Berlin gab es doppelte Straßennamen. Für Groß-Berlin wurden Umbenennungen gleichnamiger Straßen 1937 und 1938 umgesetzt. Im schwächer besiedelten Außengebiet wurden Straßen eher umbenannt als jene in der Innenstadt. Zudem wurden nach 1933 nach jüdischen Persönlichkeiten benannte Straßen "arisiert" und es wurden Straßen nach NS-bezogenen Personen benannt. Im Rahmen der Entnazifizierung erhielten 1951 durch den Magistrat von Groß-Berlin nach Nationalsozialisten benannte Straßen, aber auch nach preußischen Militärs benannte, neue Straßennamen. Umbenannte Straßen orientiert sich an Themen von Siedlungen und umgebenden Quartieren.

Im Adressbuch 1922 sind unter Mahlsdorf (Verwaltungsbezirk Lichtenberg) Bergstraße (unbebaut), Böcklinstraße (Querstraße der Landsberger Straße unbebaut, und 1939 war sie immer noch nicht bebaut), Cöpenicker Allee (Ost und Süd) und die Cöpenicker Straße (Ost), Feuerbachstraße (unbebaut ab Landsberger Straße) Heidelberger Straße (Ost, unbebaut, ab Cöpenicker Allee) aufgeführt. Im Weiteren sind die Kronprinzenstraße (Melanchthon-, Verlängerte Melanchthon-, Hönower Straße, Straße 188), der Langenbeckplatz (Ost, Langenbeckstraße, Durchgang zur Landsberger Straße, Landsberger Straße, Durchgang zur Straußstraße, bis Triftstraße, unbebaut jedoch mit Gärtnereien), in Nord die Verlängerte Melanchthonstraße aufgeführt. Verzeichnet sind ebenfalls die unbebaute Odenwaldstraße, Offenburger Straße, Raffaelstraße (unbebaut ab Landsberger Straße), die Schwarzwaldstraße, Siemensstraße und -platz. Von den meist nach Bebauungsplan nummerierten finden sich die folgenden: Straße 45, Straße 71, Straße 79, Straße 133, Straße 136, Straße 137, Straße 142, Straße 144, Straße 145, Straße 146, Straße 147. Diese zeitweiligen Straßennamen sind in der unteren Liste nicht exklusiv bezeichnet, sondern teilweise in der oberen Liste unter dem späteren Namen aufgenommen.

Kleingartenanlagen

Im Ortsteil Mahlsdorf gibt es aktuell (Stand Mai 2015) neun Kleingartenanlagen (KGA). Die Kleingartenanlagen im Ortsteil entstanden zwischen 1955 und den 1980er Jahren. Im Straßenverzeichnis sind KGA 'Kaulsdorfer See' und KGA 'Wacholderheide' gesondert aufgeführt. Die KGA 'Dahlwitzer Straße' und 'Helios', sowie 'Nordspitze Mahlsdorf' liegen als geschlossene Fläche an der Berliner Stadtgrenze zu Hoppegarten, Neuenhagen und Hönow und gehören zusammen mit der KGA 'Wacholderheide' zu Mahlsdorf-Nord. 'Kaulsdorfer See' an der westlichen Ortsteilgrenze und KGA 'Werbellinbecken' gehören zu Mahlsdorf-Süd.

Weitere Örtlichkeiten in Mahlsdorf

 Siedlung Badener Straße (): Hier bestand (seit 1978) eine Kleingartenanlage, deren Fläche im Jahr 2005 nach Verkauf als Bauland gewidmet wurde. Die KGA mit acht Parzellen auf 3423 m² lag innerhalb der Freiburger Straße, dem Wickenweg und der Badener Straße und gehörte bis 1990 zur Anlage 'Kaulsdorfer See'. Die Gartennutzer gründeten den eigenen Verein 'KGA Badener Straße' und das Land wurde an eine Immobiliengesellschaft verkauft, die den Status einer KGA ablehnte. Gegen Entschädigungszahlungen räumten die Pächter das Gelände und so entstanden neue Einfamilienhäuser.

 Gründerzeitmuseum im Gutshaus Mahlsdorf:Das 1960 eröffnete Museum befindet sich in einem von Charlotte von Mahlsdorf vor dem Abriss bewahrten historischen Gebäude. 1880 erwarb Hermann Schrobsdorff das Rittergut und ließ den Gutsgarten in einen Park umgestalten.

 Landschaftsschutzgebiet:Zwischen Alt-Kaulsdorf / Alt-Mahlsdorf (Nord), der Lassaner Straße (West), dem Butzer und dem Elsensee (Süd) sowie dem Hultschiner Damm (Ost) wurde im Januar 2012 ein Unterschutzstellungsverfahren öffentlich bekannt gemacht. Das Areal wird offiziell als "Berliner Balkon" bezeichnet. An einem Fußweg auf dieser Fläche wurden mehrere Holzskulpturen aufgestellt, darunter zweimal "Drei Stühle" (siehe Bild), geschnitzte Markierungspfähle für die Höhe über Normalnull, eine gestaltete Fläche für eine ehemalige Bockwindmühle an Alt-Mahlsdorf.

 Im Karree Kieler Straße, Bremer Straße, Walter-Leistikow-Weg (Eingang) und Lemkestraße in Mahlsdorf-Nord befindet sich der 1919 eröffnete kommunale Friedhof Mahlsdorf, auf dem eine kleine Kapelle errichtet wurde.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Kulturdenkmale in Berlin-Mahlsdorf
 Liste der Stolpersteine in Berlin-Mahlsdorf

Literatur
 Paul Großmann: Mahlsdorfer Straßen-Verzeichnis, hrsg. unter Mitwirkung der Gemeindeverwaltung, Berlin-Mahlsdorf (Bahnhofstraße 2): K. E. Schulze, 1921

Weblinks

 Amtliches Straßenverzeichnis des Bezirks Marzahn-Hellersdorf; pdf (Stand Januar 2015)

 Mahlsdorf auf der Seite des Bezirksamtes

Einzelnachweise

Mahlsdorf
!

Liste der Straßen und Plätze in Berlin-Mahlsdorf


Pedro Aullón de Haro (1954) es un profesor humanista, epistemólogo y pensador estético español. Es catedrático de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada, en la Universidad de Alicante, y director del Instituto Juan Andrés de Comparatística y Globalización.

Biografía intelectual
Doctor en Filosofía y Letras, catedrático de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada. Es ideador de una Estética general, así como teórico del Ensayo, de la poesía moderna y la Historia de las ideas; impulsor de los estudios de Asia en España y de la epistemología de las Ciencias humanas y la Ciencia de la literatura. Ha desarrollado intelectual y académicamente las ideas y conceptos mayores de 'a priori cultural', 'convergencia ética y ética arraigada', 'continuidad estética', 'discurso reflexivo', 'escatología y final de la Crítica', 'estética de la lectura', 'filipinismo', 'géneros ensayísticos', 'humanismo universal', 'ideación', 'malversación intelectual', 'metodologías comparatistas', 'Metodologías Humanísticas en la Era Digital', 'el objeto estético', 'universalidad barroca', 'universalidad-sublimidad-globalización'. Todo ello es parte de una Estética de Conciencia-Realidad y de la interpretación fenomenográfica que esta incorpora.

Creó y dirige desde 1994, en la Universidad de Alicante, el "Grupo de Investigación Humanismo-Europa" que ideó el "Premio Juan Andrés de Ensayo e Investigación en Ciencias Humanas". Es director del "Instituto Juan Andrés de Comparatística y Globalización", entidad que actualmente mantiene el referido Premio, sustenta Ediciones Instituto Juan Andrés y la Biblioteca digital HUMANISMOEUROPA.org. Dirige la serie "Metodologías Humanísticas en la Era Digital", así como las colecciones "Mayor" y "Menor" de Editorial Verbum, donde ha llevado a cabo una reconstrucción del humanismo en clave hispánica así como de la Estética española en ese marco.

Dirigió en la Universidad de Alicante el máster y el programa de doctorado "Metodologías Humanísticas en la Era Digital". Dedicado permanentemente a los estudios y la investigación de tercer ciclo, ha dirigido en este mismo centro más de una veintena de tesis doctorales, transformadas en libros publicados.
Es codirector junto a Araceli García Martín del Postdoctorado Internacional 'Ciencias Humanas - Comparatística - Globalización' y del Seminario Instituto-Biblioteca, en colaboración con la AECID.

Publicaciones fundamentales

Obras
 Teorya ng Komparatibong Literatura, ed. y trad. de Jennifer Zabala, Quezon, Central Books, 2022.

 Introduction to the Spanish Universalist School, Leiden, Brill, 2020. (En colab. con D. Mombelli).

 Teoría del Ensayo y de los Géneros Ensayísticos, Madrid, Ediciones Complutense, 2019.,

 Continuity between the World and Art, and the Problem of Globalization, NewCastle, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017.

 La Escuela Universalista Española del siglo XVIII, Madrid, Sequitur, 2016.

 Idea de la Literatura y teoría de los géneros literarios, ed. de Mª Rosario Martí Marco, Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2016.

 L'Idéation Baroque, trad. de Evelyne Tocut, Madrid, Casimiro livres, 2017.

 La Ideación Barroca, Madrid, Casimiro, 2015.

 Escatología de la Crítica, Madrid, Dykinson, 2013.

 Estética de la lectura, Madrid, Verbum, 2012.

 La concepción de la modernidad en la poesía española. Introducción a una Retórica literaria como historia de la Poesía, Madrid, Verbum, 2010.

 The Continuty of the World and of Art, trad. de J. Buckenham, Quezon, Central Books, 2011.

 La continuidad del mundo y del arte, Madrid, Dykinson, 2011.

 La continuità del mondo e dell'arte, ed. de S. Scandellari, trad. de S. Chiapello, Florencia, Le Lettere, 2009.

 La sublimidad y lo sublime, Madrid, Verbum, 2006 (2.ª ed. rev. 2007).

 El signo y el espacio, Madrid, Conde-Duque, 2002 (2.ª ed. Universidad de Alicante, 2003).

 Teoría general del personaje, Madrid, Heraclea, 2001.

 La Modernidad poética, la Vanguardia y el Creacionismo, ed. de J. Pérez Bazo, Málaga, Anejos de Analecta Malacitana, 2000.

 Schopenhauer sobre la lectura, Madrid, Heraclea, 2000.

 Teoría del Ensayo, Madrid, Verbum, 1992 (y reimp.).

 La obra poética de Gil de Biedma, Madrid, Verbum, 1991 (2.ª ed. ampl. 2005).

 La poesía en el siglo XX, Madrid, Taurus, 1989.

 Los géneros didácticos y ensayísticos en el siglo XVIII, Madrid, Taurus, 1987.

 Los géneros ensayísticos en el siglo XIX, Madrid, Taurus, 1987.

 El Jaiku en España, Madrid, Playor, 1985 (2.ª ed. ampl. Madrid, Hiperión, 2002).

 Poesía de la Generación del 98, Madrid, Taurus, 1984 (y reimp. 1985, 1989).

 La poesía en el siglo XIX, Madrid, Playor, 1982 (2.ª ed. rev. Madrid, Taurus, 1988).

Dirección de obras en equipo
 Idea de la Ilustración: Estudios sobre la Escuela Universalista, Madrid, Verbum, 2022.

 Teoría de la Literatura (Fundamentos), Madrid, Instituto Juan Andrés, 2022. (Ed. rev.).

 Las Escuelas de Salamanca y Universalista, "Recensión", vol.3, Madrid, 2020.

 La cuestión universitaria, Madrid, Instituto Juan Andrés de Comparatística y Globalización (Col. Metodologías Humanísticas), 2018.

 Juan Andrés y la Escuela Universalista Española, Madrid, Ediciones Complutense, 2017. (En colab. con J. García Gabaldón)

 La Idea de lo Clásico, Madrid, Instituto Juan Andrés / Fundación Pastor, 2017. (En colab. con Emilio Crespo).,

 Historiografía y Teoría de la Historia del Pensamiento, la Literatura y el Arte, Madrid, Dykinson, 2015.

 Translatio y Cultura, Madrid, Dykinson, 2015.

 Metodologías comparatistas y Literatura comparada, Madrid, Dykinson, 2012.

 Teoría del Humanismo, Madrid, Verbum, 2010, 7 vols. + ed. DVD.

 Teoría de la lectura, Málaga, Anejos de Analecta Malacitana, 2006.

 Óscar Esplá y Eusebio Sempere en la construcción de la modernidad artística. Un paradigma comparatista, Madrid, Verbum, 2005, 2 vols.

 Barroco, Madrid, Verbum/Conde Duque, 2004 (reimp. 2013, 2 vols.).,

 Juan Andrés y la teoría comparatista, Valencia, Biblioteca Valenciana, 2002.

 Teoría de la Crítica literaria, Madrid, Trotta, 1994 (y reimp.).

 Teoría de la Historia de la literatura y el arte, Madrid, Verbum/U. de Alicante, 1994 (y reimp.).

 Introducción a la Crítica literaria actual, Madrid, Playor, 1984 (y reimp.).

Ediciones de Estética y Teoría literaria
 Benedetto Croce, Estética como ciencia de la Expresión y Lingüística general, Madrid, Instituto Juan Andrés, 2021 (Nueva edición; 1ª 1997). (En colab. con J. García Gabaldón).

 José Lezama Lima, La Expresión Americana (Un tratado de Estética aplicada), Madrid, Verbum (Col. Verbum Mayor), 2020.

 Friedrich Schiller, Lo sublime, trad. de Alfred Dornheim, Madrid, Casimiro, 2017 (Nueva edición; 1ª ed. Ágora, 1992).

 Georg Lukács, Sobre la esencia y forma del Ensayo, trad. de M. Sacristán, Madrid, Sequitur, 2015.

 Arthur Schopenhauer, Sobre la lectura y los libros, trad. de E. González Blanco, Madrid, Sequitur, 2015.

 Alfonso Reyes, El deslinde. Prolegómenos a la Teoría literaria, Madrid, Verbum (Col. Verbum Mayor), 2014. (En colab. con Esther Zarzo).

 Ramón Gómez de la Serna, Humorismo, Madrid, Casimiro, 2014.

 Johan Huizinga, Acerca de los límites entre lo lúdico y lo serio, trad. de Goedele de Sterck, Madrid, Casimiro, 2014.

 Montesquieu, Ensayo sobre el gusto, Madrid, Casimiro, 2014.

 Manuel Milá y Fontanals, Principios de Estética o de Teoría de lo Bello, Madrid, Verbum (Col. Verbum Mayor), 2013.

 José Lezama Lima, Escritos de estética, Madrid, Dykinson, 2010.

 Manuel Milá y Fontanals, Estética y Teoría literaria, Madrid, Verbum (Col. Verbum Mayor), 2002.

 Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, Compendio de Estética, trad. de Francisco Giner, Madrid, Verbum, 1995 (2.ª ed. rev. 2009).

 Friedrich Schiller, Sobre poesía ingenua y poesía sentimental, trad. de J. Probst y R. Lida, Madrid, Verbum, 1994 (2.ª ed. rev. 2014).

 Jean Paul Richter, Introducción a la estética, trad. de Julián de Vargas, Madrid, Verbum, 1991.

Ediciones de Juan Andrés y la Escuela Universalista Española

 Juan Andrés, Origen, progresos y estado actual de toda la literatura, vol. I: "Estudio Preliminar", Historia de toda la Literatura; II: Poesía; III: Elocuencia, Historia, Gramática; IV: Ciencias Naturales; V: Ciencias Naturales; VI: Ciencias Eclesiásticas, Addenda, Onomástica; ed. de J. García Gabaldón, S. Navarro Pastor y C. Valcárcel; trad. de C. Andrés (I-V) y S. Navarro Pastor (VI), dir. por P. Aullón de Haro, Madrid, Verbum-Biblioteca Valenciana, 1997-2002, 6 vols. [ed. crítica y completa].

 Juan Andrés, Cartas familiares (Viaje de Italia), ed. de I. Arbillaga y C. Valcárcel; dir. por P. Aullón de Haro, Madrid, Verbum-Biblioteca Valenciana, 2004, 2 vols. [ed. crítica y completa]

 Juan Andrés, Nápoles, Madrid, Casimiro, 2016.

 Juan Andrés, Lorenzo Hervás y Antonio Eximeno, "Textos de autores de la Escuela", La Escuela Universalista Española del siglo XVIII, Madrid, Sequitur, 2016.

 Juan Andrés, Napoli, ed., trad. e introd. di P. Aullón de Haro e D. Mombelli, Madrid, Casimiro libri, 2017.

 Juan Andrés, Furia. Disertación sobre una inscripción romana, ed. de P. Aullón de Haro y Davide Mombelli, Madrid, Instituto Juan Andrés, 2017.

 Juan Andrés, Estudios Humanísticos, Madrid, Verbum (Col. Verbum Mayor), Madrid, 2017 (en colab. con E. Crespo, J. García Gabaldón, D. Mombelli, F.J. Bran).

 "Prefacio" a Juan Andrés, La figura de la Tierra, ed. y trad. de Cristiano Casalini y Davide Mombelli, Madrid, Casimiro, 2017.

 "Prefacio" a Juan Andrés, La Literatura Española del siglo XVIII, ed. de D. Mombelli, Madrid, Instituto Juan Andrés, 2017.

 Juan Andrés, Estudios Científicos, Madrid, Verbum (Col. Verbum Mayor), Madrid, 2019 (en colab. con D. Mombelli).

 Juan Andrés, La Biblioteca Real de Nápoles. Los expolios y la fuerza de la memoria, estudio y ed. de P. Aullón de Haro, F.J. Bran y D. Mombelli, Madrid, Instituto Juan Andrés, 2020.

 Juan Andrés y Lorenzo Hervás, "Síntesis histórico médica y visión antropológica (La cuestión epidemiológica según los universalistas)", Pandemia y cultura, Metodologías Humanísticas en la Era Digital, 2021.

 "Introducción" a Antonio Eximeno, De la Institución de los Estudios Filosóficos y Matemáticos, ed. de F. J. Juez Gálvez, Madrid, Instituto Juan Andrés, 2023.

Pensamiento

El pensamiento de Aullón de Haro posee una singular dimensión crítica que aspira a una Estética como teoría general y Ética; arranca del estudio del Ensayo, la Poesía, la Modernidad y Asia y ha configurado una extensa bibliografía tanto ideadora como innovadoramente reconstructiva. Aullón de Haro ha vertebrado un eje metodológico comparatista y establecido una concepción filosófica fundada en la Estética y la Epistemología, regida por la reificación del Humanismo y destinada a proyectar un horizonte válido para la época de la Globalización. Esto, que ya iniciado el  el autor define como una Estética de Conciencia-Realidad, puede sintetizarse en cinco argumentos consecuentes:

1. "La Estética es la Ontología y se refiere al Todo". La filosofía del arte, que ha de ser general, esto es comparatista y alcanzar la síntesis Occidente/Asia, no es sino una especificación de la Estética. Esto exige un concepto profundo tanto histórico como teorético de la "expresión" y de la "continuidad", así como la elaboración de una "hermenéutica fenomenográfica". La Hermenéutica es una metodología filológica y filosófica. Del mismo modo que la Fenomenología deviene Hermenéutica general, esta puede devenir Fenomenografía. El núcleo de la Estética poseería presuposición ética y cabe ser establecido, aunque limitadamente, en la relación naturaleza-paisaje / individuo-personaje / tránsito-viaje. No es aceptable para nuestro tiempo ni un hegelismo de la Filosofía del Arte sin Naturaleza y sin vida dinámica ni un poshumanismo facticista fruto de la sociologización. Entre los frecuentes y mayores errores contemporáneos se cuenta el confundir la "materia" con el "logos" y el "espíritu" con la "sociología". Una interpretación actual de la Universalidad es relativa a Sublimidad y Globalización.

2. Es preciso: elaborar una epistemología de las Ciencias Humanas pareja a la vigente de las Ciencias físico-naturales y en consecuencia completar el conjunto del saber organizado evitando la invasión tanto de sociologismo como de cientificismo; fundamentar la Ciencia literaria y comprender el sentido reflexivo y la función literaria y filosófica del Ensayo, así como la dimensión ingente de los Géneros Ensayísticos, los cuales definen la construcción histórica del pensamiento y la otra mitad de la Literatura junto a la tríada de los géneros literarios artísticos. La Literatura no es sino el conjunto histórico de los discursos de lengua natural altamente elaborados. El reverso de la desintegración moderna de la forma literaria puramente artística y de la forma de las artes es la construcción del Ensayo. En todo este argumento, el gran error del  ha consistido en no comprender la cuestión profunda del 'estilo' y de la 'forma' y, de otra parte, persistir en el alejamiento de Filología y Filosofía, consecuencia de lo cual ha sido el establecimiento de una Filología sin pensamiento y una Filosofía ajena al devenir de las ciencias humanas. La proposición Metodologías Humanísticas en la Era Digital puede ser utilizada como instrumento para nuestro tiempo tanto en planos epistemológicos como académicos formales. Es imprescindible la reconstrucción de la Historia de las Ideas y la Comparatística así como el sostenimiento del Logos, su continuidad, en tanto Filología inteligente a fin de salvaguardar las Ciencias Humanas de la depauperación intelectual y ética. (Si bien se lee, en el pensamiento epistemológico implícito de Roman Jakobson y explícito de Karl Popper se encuentra el germen más eficaz para la destrucción de la cultura y la ciencia humanísticas).

3. "La Crítica es una exigencia ética". La interpretación de la Crítica de la época contemporánea exige un concepto doble y de gran alcance: escatología. La historia moderna de la Crítica literaria y de la cultura es la crónica de una malversación surgida de "la superación enciclopedista de la verdad mediante la mentira ideológica", a su vez derivada durante el  y con otros medios, a veces inconsciente pero complementariamente, por las corrientes estructural-formalistas o neo-neopositivistas y por la disolución del objeto a manos del sociologismo y el ideologismo, de la corrección política, del nihilismo neovanguardista o decostruccionista y de sintomáticos artificios apoyados en la tecnología como el poshumanismo y sobre todo la posverdad. Las manifestaciones de vandalismo y de intolerancia a la libertad intelectual de nuestro tiempo no son sino el nivel inferior heredero de esa patología cultural. Disciplinarmente es necesario tanto superar la depauperación de la historiografía literaria y filosófica y reinterpretar el pensamiento idealista como vencer el final actual de la Crítica y vislumbrar una escatología de la misma en su sentido de reificación humanística no contradictoria con la contemplación, hacer justicia intelectual a sus tradiciones, asumiendo por otra parte "la desintegración artística de la forma kantiana y la disminución de las artes mayores" consiguiente a la multiplicación de las mismas. "Está por escribir la Historia moderna de la Crítica, de las Ideas y, en general, del Pensamiento".

4. La difícil situación heredada requiere, en el caso español, una reconstrucción humanística de sus valores intelectuales mayores, a resolver en realidad como reconstrucción aun selectiva de la cultura hispánica, describiendo con nitidez una gran tradición intelectual anclada en los antiguos (Séneca, Quintiliano, Marco Aurelio) y proyectada por la Escuela de Salamanca y el Siglo de Oro (que constituyen una misma entidad desastrosamente disuelta por la historiografía), la Escuela Universalista Española del siglo XVIII (Andrés, Hervás, Eximeno..., creadores del comparatismo europeo moderno), la Estética española del XIX ("la inteligente resolución poskantiana de Milá y Fontanals prolongada en la creación del género ensayístico de la 'Historia de las Ideas' por Menéndez Pelayo") y al fin la gama humanística de singularidades hispánicas contemporáneas, de Unamuno a Eugenio D'Ors y Gómez de la Serna; de Santayana a Zambrano; de José Martí y José Rizal a Henríquez Ureña, Alfonso Reyes y Lezama Lima, creador este de una alternativa hispánica a la Estética y la Crítica formalista y sociológica del . "Si el , a fin de adquirir su sentido, ha de conducir la Sublimidad a la Universalidad y ésta a la Globalización, en la historia moderna la Escuela Universalista define el paradigma ilustrado que mejor puede fundamentar un pensamiento de la Globalización". Esto presupone una idea de Humanismo universal y de Comparatística.

5. "El verdadero sujeto moderno no es el sujeto kantiano sino el íntegramente humano y de la humanidad mediante reconocimiento del 'otro' creado por la Escuela de Salamanca en el curso de las disputas del Nuevo Mundo". Ahora bien, es un hecho que la reciente ética gadameriana de la facticidad, que en realidad hereda a Heidegger negando a Dilthey por cuanto anula "actitud" y "valor", significa el desmontaje de toda Ética como categoría disciplinar y fundante. Son esos dos los conceptos con que García Morente fundamentó la idea de lo clásico. La cultura china, sabiamente tradicional y no teísta, por ello conciliable con el evolucionado teísmo cristiano, ha pasado a definir sin embargo, en virtud del totalitarismo, no la solución sino parte del problema. Asia y Occidente debieran alcanzar una especial "religación como 'Convergencia Ética' además de espiritual". El proceso de la Globalización, meramente regido por la inercia neomercantilista de la expansión de los mercados, la velocidad de la comunicación electrónica y de los transportes no conduce a un encuentro de las dos grandes culturas matrices, occidental y asiática, sino a un grave problema de homogeneización y disolución ética y estética que ha de ser corregido mediante la acción cultural inteligente (tanto práctica como teorética) y el estudio crítico humanístico y comparatista. Por ello es preciso habilitar una comprensión de "la universalidad de la conciencia". Esta reconducción, que con el paso del tiempo será cada vez más difícil, no podrá llevarse a cabo de manera generalizada sin cierta colaboración institucional y un necesario espíritu internacionalizado, pero será condición de ello establecer las entidades de valor sobre la base de un pensamiento libre de ideologismos justamente dentro del difícil régimen de unas sociedades dominadas por el "apriorismo cultural", instituciones académicas intelectualmente depauperadas que debieran reiniciarse en la Biblioteca y "la lectura como creación de humanidad", y una consciencia inerte a merced de intereses burdos, de los medios de comunicación y de la usual mentira política.

Véase también
 Teoría del Humanismo
 Teoría del Ensayo
 El jaiku en España
 Escuela Universalista Española del siglo XVIII
 Humanismo universal
 Metodologías Humanísticas en la Era Digital
 Grupo de Investigación Humanismo-Europa
 Premio Juan Andrés de Ensayo e Investigación en Ciencias Humanas
 Instituto Juan Andrés de Comparatística y Globalización

Enlaces externos
 Biblioteca Humanismo-Europa
 Ediciones Instituto Juan Andrés
 Colección Verbum Mayor
 La AECID y la Escuela Universalista
 Exposición "Juan Andrés y la Escuela Universalista", UCM Biblioteca Histórica
 Aullón de Haro: Teoría de la Literatura
  Aullón de Haro: "El objeto estético: correlación y totalidad" (en Filosofia Italiana, 2022)
 Aullón de Haro: "Comparatística y Metodología" (en Revista Española de Educación Comparada)
 Revista Recensión (Número monográfico): Las Escuelas de Salamanca y Universalista. "Hermenéutica de las Escuelas"
 Disertación de Aullón de Haro sobre La Escuela Universalista Española, UCM

Notas y referencias

Ensayistas de España del siglo XX
Ensayistas de España del siglo XXI
Escritores en español del siglo XX
Escritores en español del siglo XXI
Filósofos de España
Filólogos de España
Críticos literarios
Historiadores de las ideas
Comparatistas
Catedráticos de la Universidad de Alicante
Catedráticos de España

Pedro Aullón de Haro


Biuletyn Peryglacjalny est une revue scientifique couvrant la recherche sur la géomorphologie périglaciaire. Il a été créé en 1954 à Łódź par le géomorphologue polonais , qui en fut le rédacteur en chef jusqu'en 1972. La revue a cessé de paraître après 39 numéros en 2000, après avoir joué un rôle important dans le développement de la géomorphologie périglaciaire.

Références

Liens externes

Titre de presse disparu en 2000
Titre de presse créé en 1954
Revue disparue
Revue de sciences de la Terre

Biuletyn Peryglacjalny


أندروس (Άνδρος) هي جزيرة في كيكلاديس في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 1402 نسمة.

مراجع

أعضاء الاتحاد الديلي
أماكن مأهولة في أندروس
بلديات جنوب إيجة
جزر اليونان

أندروس


Vouzela  belediyesi, Portekiz'in Centro bölgesine bağlı Dão-Lafões altbölgesinin belediyelerinden biridir.

Bucaklar
Belediyede 12 bucak (Por.: freguesia) yer almaktadır.

 Alcofra
 Cambra
 Campia
 Carvalhal de Vermilhas
 Fataunços
 Figueiredo das Donas
 Fornelo do Monte
 Paços de Vilharigues
 Queirã
 São Miguel do Mato
 Ventosa
 Vouzela

Vouzela


Sofie Hvenfelt (født 23. april 1996 i Göteborg, Sverige) er en kvindelig svensk håndboldspiller som spiller for København Håndbold og Sveriges kvindehåndboldlandshold.

Referencer

Håndboldspillere fra Sverige

Sofia Hvenfelt


Bill Foster may refer to:

Sports
 Bill Foster (baseball) (1904–1978), Negro leagues baseball player
 Bill Foster (basketball, born 1929) (1929–2016), college basketball head coach at Rutgers, Utah, Duke, South Carolina, and Northwestern
 Bill Foster (basketball, born 1936) (1936–2015), college basketball head coach at Charlotte, Miami, Clemson, and Virginia Tech

Politics
 Bill I. Foster (born 1946), American politician, Missouri state senator
 Bill Foster (politician) (born 1955), U.S. Congressman (D-IL), physicist
 Bill Foster (mayor) (born 1963), mayor of St. Petersburg, Florida

Entertainment
 Bill Foster (director) (1932–2011), television director
 Bill Foster (comics), fictional Marvel Comics superhero known variously as Black Goliath, Giant-Man, and Goliath

See also
 Billy Foster (1937–1967), Canadian racecar driver
 William Foster (disambiguation)

Bill Foster


Hand Over Your Loved Ones (re-released as Suck Fony) is the second studio album released by American rock band Wheatus.

Background
Hand Over Your Loved Ones, according to frontman Brendan B. Brown, is "a really glossy pop record that had a lot of radio friendly singles on it."

Release
The album was released on 8 September 2003 by Columbia Records. Due to conflicts between the band and their record label, the album was poorly promoted, failed to sell well and only one single, "American In Amsterdam", was released from it. Free from their contract with Sony, Wheatus released five songs from the album on iTunes as The Lemonade EP in 2004.

The album was re-released on 14 February 2005 under the name Suck Fony, on the band's own record label Montauk Mantis Productions, after they decided to leave Sony BMG. The re-released version includes two new tracks, including the original composition "William McGovern", and the Pat Benatar cover "Hit Me with Your Best Shot". The album is currently available directly from the band's official website for $10, and is available to download in various formats using a 'pay what you want' donation system where the customer can donate any amount to purchase the album. The album's title is a spoonerism of the phrase "Fuck Sony". A T-shirt was available for a period of time from the band's website with the album logo on the front.

Track listing

Hand Over Your Loved Ones
 "American in Amsterdam" – 3:58
 "The Song That I Wrote When You Dissed Me" – 4:04
 "Anyway" – 4:09
 "Freak On" – 4:44
 "Lemonade" – 3:22
 "The Deck" – 2:38
 "Fair Weather Friend" – 3:25
 "Randall" – 4:18
 "Whole Amoeba" – 3:07
 "Dynomite Satchel of Pain" – 14:57

Suck Fony
 "The Deck" – 2:37
 "Lemonade" – 3:23
 "Hit Me with Your Best Shot" – 3:22
 "Anyway" – 4:08
 "Freak On" – 4:44
 "William McGovern" – 3:48
 "American in Amsterdam" – 3:57
 "Fair Weather Friend" – 3:25
 "Randall" – 4:18
 "Whole Amoeba" – 3:08
 "The Song That I Wrote When You Dissed Me" – 4:02
 "Dynomite Satchel of Pain" – 4:17

 Hidden tracks
 13. "The Song That I Wrote When You Dissed Me" (Demo #1) – 3:21
 14. "The Song That I Wrote When You Dissed Me" (Demo #2) – 3:45

Personnel
Band
 Brendan B. Brown – lead vocals, guitar, samples, tambourines, shakers
 Peter Brown – drums, backing vocals, turntables
 Mike McCabe – bass guitar, backing vocals
 Shannon Harris – Rhodes piano, clavinet, piano, Hammond organ, tambourines

Other
 Liz Brown – backing vocals
 Kathryn Froggatt – backing vocals
 Philip A. Jimenez – banjo, turntables
 David Froggatt – whistling, kookaburra
 Rakiem Walker – saxophone
 Gerald Thomas – baritone sax
 Michael Lewis – trumpet
 Benjamin Morss – Rhodes piano
 Bendji – timbales

References

External links

Hand Over Your Loved Ones at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)

Wheatus albums
2003 albums
Columbia Records albums
Pop albums by American artists

Hand Over Your Loved Ones


A síndrome de May-Thurner (MTS), também conhecida como síndrome de compressão da veia ilíaca, é uma condição na região ilíaca na qual a compressão da via de saída venosa comum da extremidade inferior esquerda pode causar desconforto, inchaço, dor ou trombose venosa profunda iliofemoral.

Especificamente, o problema é devido à compressão da veia ilíaca comum esquerda pela artéria ilíaca comum direita sobrejacente. Isso leva à estagnação do sangue, o que predispõe à formação de coágulos sanguíneos. Variações incomuns de MTS foram descritas, como a veia ilíaca comum direita sendo comprimida pela artéria ilíaca comum direita.

No século 21, a definição da síndrome de May-Thurner foi expandida para um perfil de doença mais amplo, conhecido como lesões não trombóticas das veias ilíacas, que podem envolver as veias ilíacas direita e esquerda, bem como vários outros segmentos venosos nomeados. Essa síndrome freqüentemente se manifesta como dor quando o membro é dependente (pendurado na beira da cama/cadeira) e/ou  quando há inchaço significativo de todo o membro.

inais e sintomas
RDevido às suas semelhanças com a trombose venosa profunda (TVP), a síndrome de May-Thurner raramente é diagnosticada. Na síndrome de May-Thurner, a artéria ilíaca direita sequestra e comprime a veia ilíaca comum esquerda contra a região lombar da coluna, resultando em inchaço das pernas e tornozelos, dor, formigamento e/ou dormência nas pernas e pés. A dor geralmente se apresenta como incômoda e pode progredir para cima e para baixo na perna, dependendo do paciente. As extremidades inferiores podem ficar quentes ao toque e o inchaço pode se manter ou se dissipar ao longo do dia.

Mecanismo
Em contraste com a veia ilíaca comum direita, que sobe quase verticalmente até a veia cava inferior, a veia ilíaca comum esquerda atravessa diagonalmente da esquerda para a direita para entrar na veia cava inferior. Ao longo desse trajeto, passa por baixo da artéria ilíaca comum direita, o que pode comprimi-la contra a coluna lombar e limitar o fluxo de sangue para fora da perna esquerda.

Existem relatos de casos de compressão da veia cava inferior pelas artérias ilíacas ou síndromes de compressão do lado direito, mas a grande maioria é do lado esquerdo. Embora esta seja a causa suspeita da síndrome, a veia ilíaca esquerda é freqüentemente vista comprimida em pacientes assintomáticos e considerada uma variante anatômica. Uma compressão luminal de 50% da veia ilíaca esquerda ocorre em um quarto dos indivíduos saudáveis.

A compressão torna-se clinicamente significativa apenas se causar alterações hemodinâmicas apreciáveis no fluxo venoso ou na pressão venosa, ou se levar a trombose venosa aguda ou crônica.

Além da compressão, a veia desenvolve esporões fibrosos intraluminais a partir dos efeitos da força compressiva pulsátil crônica da artéria. O canal turbulento estreitado predispõe o paciente à trombose. O fluxo sanguíneo comprometido geralmente causa a formação de vasos sanguíneos colaterais. Na maioria das vezes, são colaterais transpelvis horizontais, conectando ambas as veias ilíacas internas, criando assim um fluxo através da veia ilíaca comum direita. Às vezes, formam-se colaterais verticais, na maioria das vezes paralombares, que podem causar sintomas neurológicos, como formigamento e dormência.

Este canal de saída comprimido e estreito causa estase do sangue, que é um elemento da tríade de Virchow que precipita a trombose venosa profunda .

Diagnóstico
É importante considerar a síndrome de May-Thurner em pacientes que não apresentam outra razão óbvia para hipercoagulabilidade e que apresentam trombose do membro inferior esquerdo. Para descartar outras causas de hipercoagulação, pode ser apropriado verificar os anticorpos antitrombina, proteína C, proteína S, fator V de Leiden, protrombina G20210A e antifosfolípides

A flebografia pode ser capaz de identificar a síndrome clássica quando a síndrome estiver causando algum grau de trombose venosa profunda.

A síndrome de May-Thurner no perfil mais amplo da doença, conhecida como lesões não trombóticas das veias ilíacas (NIVLs), existe no paciente ambulatorial sintomático e essas lesões geralmente não são vistas por venografia. Morfologicamente, o ultrassom intracoronário surgiu como a melhor ferramenta atual em sentido amplo.

Testes funcionais, como ultrassom duplex, medição da pressão venosa e intersticial e pletismografia, às vezes podem ser benéficos. A compressão da veia ilíaca comum esquerda pode ser observada na TC pélvica.

Tratamento
O manejo do defeito subjacente é proporcional à gravidade da apresentação clínica. O inchaço e a dor nas pernas são mais bem avaliados por especialistas vasculares (cirurgiões vasculares, cardiologistas intervencionistas e radiologistas intervencionistas ) que diagnosticam e tratam doenças arteriais e venosas para garantir que a causa da dor nas extremidades seja avaliada. O diagnóstico precisa ser confirmado com algum tipo de exame de imagem que pode incluir venografia por ressonância magnética, venograma e geralmente confirmado com ultrassom intravascular porque a veia achatada pode não ser notada na venografia convencional.

A fim de evitar o inchaço prolongado ou a dor das consequências do sangue retido da veia ilíaca comprimida, o fluxo precisa ser melhorado para fora da perna. Casos não complicados podem ser tratados com meias de compressão .

A síndrome de May-Thurner grave pode exigir trombólise se houver um início recente de trombose, seguida de angioplastia e colocação de stent na veia ilíaca após a confirmação do diagnóstico com venograma ou ultrassonografia intravascular. Um stent pode ser usado para suportar a área de compressão adicional após a angioplastia. Como o nome indica, classicamente não há componente trombótico nesses casos, mas a trombose pode ocorrer a qualquer momento.

Se o paciente tiver trombose extensa, pode ser apropriado considerar a trombectomia farmacológica e/ou mecânica (também conhecida como farmacomecânica). Isso está sendo estudado atualmente para determinar se isso diminuirá a incidência de síndrome pós-trombótica.

Epidemiologia
A síndrome de May-Thurner geralmente não é diagnosticada; no entanto, as estimativas atuais são de que essa condição é três vezes mais comum em mulheres do que em homens. A síndrome clássica geralmente se apresenta na segunda a quarta décadas de vida.

Veja também

 Síndrome do desfiladeiro torácico (SDT) – Compressão do plexo braquial ou dos vasos subclávios.
 Doença de Paget-Schroetter – Trombose venosa profunda dos membros superiores nas veias axilares ou subclávias, relacionada à SDT.
 Síndrome de Budd-Chiari – Compressão venosa ou obstrução no fígado.
 Síndrome do quebra-nozes - Compressão da veia renal esquerda entre a aorta e a artéria mesentérica superior.

Referências

Síndromes

Síndrome de May-Thurner


The First Schleswig War (), also known as the Schleswig-Holstein Uprising () and the Three Years' War (), was a military conflict in southern Denmark and northern Germany rooted in the Schleswig-Holstein Question, contesting the issue of who should control the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg, who at the time were ruled by the king of Denmark in a personal union. Ultimately, the Danish side proved victorious with the diplomatic support of the great powers, especially Britain and Russia, since the duchies were close to an important Baltic seaway connecting both powers.

The population was majority Danish in Northern Schleswig (roughly the area returned to Denmark after WWI) while in the rest of Schleswig and in Holstein and Lauenburg it was majority German.

In March 1848, the German population of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg rebelled, and created a provisional government and army. As Holstein and Lauenburg were member states of the German Confederation, it supported the rebels as a federal war (Bundeskrieg) according to its statutes. This was continued by the German Central Government (of the federal state that replaced the Confederation in 1848/49-51), with most of the German troops being delivered by Prussia.

The war was interrupted in August 1848 by the armistice of Malmö but started again with a Danish offensive in February 1849. In summer 1850, Prussia had to back down and leave the rebels to their fate. On 1 April 1851 the Schleswig-Holstein army was disbanded. The London Protocol of 1852 was the final settlement of the conflict with the great powers confirming the Danish king to be the duke of the duchies but also declaring that the duchies had to remain independent from Denmark proper.

Background
At the beginning of 1848, Denmark included the Duchy of Schleswig, and the king of Denmark ruled the duchies of Holstein and Saxe-Lauenburg within the German Confederation. The majority of the ethnic Germans in Denmark lived in these areas. Germans made up a third of the country's population, and the three duchies accounted for half of Denmark's economy. The Napoleonic Wars, which had ended in 1815, had fanned both Danish and German nationalism. Pan-German ideology had become highly influential in the decades prior to the wars, and writers such as Jacob Grimm (1785–1863) and the Norwegian Peter Andreas Munch (1810–1863) argued that the entire peninsula of Jutland had been populated by Germans before the arrival of the Danes and that therefore Germans could justifiably reclaim it. Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae (1821–1885), an archaeologist who had excavated parts of the Danevirke, countered the pro-German claims, writing pamphlets which argued that there was no way of knowing the language of the earliest inhabitants of Danish territory, that Germans had more solid historical claims to large parts of France and England, and that Slavs by the same reasoning could annex parts of eastern Germany.

The conflicting aims of Danish and German nationalists contributed to the outbreak of the First Schleswig War. Danish nationalists believed that Schleswig, but not Holstein, should be a part of Denmark, as Schleswig contained a large number of Danes, whilst Holstein did not. German nationalists believed that Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg should remain united, and their belief that Schleswig and Holstein should not be separated led to the two duchies being referred to as Schleswig-Holstein. Schleswig became a particular source of contention, as it contained a large number of Danes, Germans and North Frisians. Another cause of the war was the legally questionable change to the rules of ducal succession in the duchies.

King Christian VIII of Denmark died in January 1848. His only legitimate son, the future Frederick VII, seemed unable to beget heirs, thus the duchies appeared likely to pass to the rule of the House of Oldenburg, which might have resulted in a division of Denmark. Accordingly, Christian VIII had decreed (8 July 1846) a change to the succession law in the duchies to allow succession through the female line. The implementation of this law was illegal.

The question of Schleswig-Holstein was also a major concern of the other European powers. In order to maintain access to the Baltic, the British Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston preferred that control of the Danish straits linking the North Sea to the Baltic Sea not be controlled by any major European power such as Prussia. From Palmerston's viewpoint, having a relatively weak power such as Denmark maintain control of the Danish straits was far preferable to having a strong power, and as such Britain tended to support the Danish claims, believing that a Danish-Prussian war might lead to Prussia annexing not just the two duchies, but also all of Denmark. Likewise, the Emperor Nicholas I of Russia supported Denmark as he did not want a strong power controlling the Danish straits. Nicholas also believed that if Denmark were defeated even without being annexed, it might lead to the Danes joining a Scandinavian Union that would pose a potential threat to the ability of the Baltic fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy to leave the Baltic. France, the European power most opposed to German unification, was due to the revolution of 1848 unable to take a strong stand on German affairs.

In Berlin, the foreign policy decision-making was described as "chaotic" with the weak and indecisive King Fredrich Wilhelm IV receiving conflicting advice from rival groups of advisers about what to do. However, in the aftermath of the revolution of 1848, which had damaged the prestige of the House of Hohenzollern as fighting had broken out in the streets of Berlin, it was felt essential to take a bold foreign policy step which would restore the status of the Prussian state. Although, the king and his advisers were not German nationalists, the German liberals opposed to the absolutist Prussian monarchy were, and in this way it was believed that launching a war in the name of German nationalism would bring many of the people otherwise opposed to the Prussian state around to supporting it.

In addition, the chaos of the revolution of 1848 was felt to offer a unique opportunity to create a greater Prussia by seizing territory, all the more as France was unable to act. However, the king and his advisers were not prepared to risk a general European war over the Schleswig-Holstein question. Joseph von Radowitz, the king's most trusted adviser, wrote in his diary: "The present political-military crisis cannot drag on, it must come to a rapid conclusion". Radowitz was prepared to support a war provided it would be brought to a victorious conclusion swiftly, which would allow Prussia to present the other European powers with a fait accompli. Knowing of the intense Russian opposition to Prussia controlling the Danish straits, Radowitz advised the king to limit the war to the two duchies and not allow Prussian troops to enter Jutland, which he predicted would lead to "unforeseeable consequences" as it was likely that Russia would intervene. The Prussian Foreign Minister Heinrich Alexander von Arnim supported war, believing that Prussia could occupy the two duchies within 8 days, leaving Britain and Russia no time to react.

Both Russia and Britain were opposed to Denmark losing control of the Danish straits, but were otherwise supportive of Prussia. Palmerston supported a stronger Prussia and even a Germany unified under Prussian leadership as a way of weakening France. The sister of King Fredrich Wilhelm was married to the Emperor Nicholas I, and the Prussian king believed that his brother-in-law could be persuaded to accept Prussia seizing control of the two duchies. Furthermore, Nicolas was well known to be an intense admirer of Prussian militarism and saw Prussia as the stronger ally in the so-called informal "eastern bloc" that consisted of Russia, Prussia and Austria. The emperor saw Prussia as the more reliable partner in opposing Polish nationalism than the Austrian empire, hence his preference for Prussia over Austria in the "eastern bloc".  Nicholas had long made it known that he viewed a Prussian-dominated Germany as a welcome development, which he saw as a way of weakening France, the nation that he hated and feared the most. Fredrich Wilhelm did not want to risk a confrontation with either Britain and/or Russia, and was only persuaded to act when he was convinced a war would not cause such a confrontation

Trigger
Schleswig-Holsteinian Prince Frederik of Noer took the 5th "Lauenburger" Rifle Corps (Jägerkorps) and some students of Kiel university to take over the fortress of Rendsburg in Schleswig-Holstein. The fortress contained the main armoury of the duchies, and the 14th, 15th, and 16th Infantry Battalions, the 2nd Regiment of Artillery, as well as some military engineers. When Noer's force arrived, they found that the gates to the fortress had been left open for an unknown reason and promptly walked in, surprising the would-be defenders. After delivering a speech to the defenders, the prince secured the allegiance of the battalions and regiment of artillery to the provisional government. Danish officers who had been serving in the defence of the fortress were allowed to leave for Denmark on the assurance that they did not fight against Schleswig-Holstein in the coming war.

Course of the war

1848

Wishing to defeat Denmark before German troops arrived to support them, 7,000 Schleswig-Holstein volunteers under General Krohn occupied Flensborg on 31 March. Over 7,000 Danish soldiers landed east of the city, and Krohn, fearing he would be surrounded, ordered his forces to withdraw. The Danes were able to reach the Schleswig-Holsteiners before they were able to retreat, and the subsequent Battle of Bov on 9 April was a Danish victory.  At the battle, the Prince of Noer, senior commander of the Schleswig-Holstein forces, did not arrive until two hours after fighting had started, and the Schleswig-Holsteiners were more prepared for the withdrawal they had intended to make than for an engagement.

A timeline of events is shown thus:
 12 April: The German Confederate Diet recognized the provisional government of Schleswig and commissioned Prussia to enforce its decrees. General Wrangel was also ordered to occupy the city of Schleswig.
 19 April: Prussian troops cross the Dannevirke into Schleswig
 23 April: Prussian victory in battle at Schleswig
 23 April: German victory in battle at Mysunde
 24 April: Hanoverian victory in battle at Oversø
 2 May: Capture of Fredericia by Prussian forces
 27 May: Battle at Sundeved
 28 May: Battle of Nybøl
 5 June: Danish victory over Germans in battle at Dybbøl Hill
 7 June: Battle at Hoptrup
 30 June: Battle at Bjerning

The Germans had embarked on this course of participation in the Schleswig-Holstein War alone, without the European powers.  The other European powers were united in opposing any dismemberment of Denmark, even Austria refusing to assist in enforcing the German view. Sweden landed 7,000 troops on the Isle of Fyn opposite Jutland to assist the Danes; Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, speaking with authority as head of the senior Gottorp line, pointed out to King Frederick William IV of Prussia the risks of a collision. Great Britain, though the Danes had rejected her mediation, threatened to send her fleet to assist in preserving the status quo.

It was Russian diplomatic intervention that decided the outcome of the war in April 1848. The Russian ambassador in Berlin, Peter von Mayendroff, delivered a note to King Fredrich Wilhelm stating that Russia regarded the advance of the Prussian troops towards Jutland as an extremely unfriendly act as the note stated: "The invasion, intended for Jutland, seriously injuries the interests of all the powers bordering on the Baltic, and stretches to the breaking point the political equilibrium throughout the north which was established in the treaties". To reinforce the point, the empress of Russia wrote to her brother, King Fredrich Wilhelm, saying: "It is your troops who have grabbed the weak Denmark with their superior force. The war can be expanded widely if you pursue it. Stop! There is still time! Think about the difficulties Germany has to battle in order to bring about inner security, the dangers which threaten in the West. Do not force upon the Tsar the necessity to come to the assistance with strong measures of another state whose downfall Russia cannot regard with indifference and will not tolerate. It cannot come to pass that Denmark is absorbed into Germany; of this you can be certain".  Nicholas ordered Russia to mobilise, sent a squadron of the Russian Baltic fleet to Danish waters as a show of support, and politely told his brother-in-law he was willing to risk war over the issue. The Russian threats had the desired impact on Frederich Wilhelm who now claimed to have been misled by von Arnim into intervening in the war.

The fact that Prussia had entered the war on behalf of the revolutionary forces in Schleswig-Holstein created a great number of ironies.  The newly elected Frankfurt Diet tended to support the incursion into the Schleswig-Holstein War while King Frederick William did not.  Indeed, Frederick William ordered Friedrich von Wrangel, commanding the German army, to withdraw his troops from the duchies; but the general refused, asserting that he followed order from the new German Central Government and not of the King of Prussia. Wrangel proposed that, at the very least, any treaty concluded should be presented for ratification to the German National Assembly.

Furthermore, on 7 August 1848 Archduke John as head of the Provisional Central Power published three additional demands upon the Danes:

 That persons to be elected for the formation of a new common government for the duchies of Holstein and Schleswig, before the conclusion of the armistice, are expressly and specifically agreed among the contracting parties in such a way that the existence and the prosperous effectiveness of the new government are guaranteed;
 That in the duchies, existing laws and ordinances mentioned in Article VII. all are expressly permitted up to the conclusion of the armistice;
 That troops remaining in the duchies of Holstein and Schleswig under Article VIII shall all be under the orders of the German commander-in-chief (Wrangel).

The Danes rejected this proposal outright and negotiations were broken off.

Prussia was now confronted on the one side by German nationalists urging it to action, on the other side by the European powers threatening dire consequences should it persist. After painful hesitation, Frederick William chose what seemed the lesser of two evils, and, on 26 August, Prussia signed a convention at Malmö which yielded to practically all the Danish demands. The Holstein estates appealed to the German National Assembly, which hotly took up their cause, but it was soon clear that the German Central Government had no means of enforcing its views. In the end the convention was ratified at Frankfurt. The convention was essentially nothing more than a truce establishing a temporary modus vivendi. The main issues, left unsettled, continued to be hotly debated.

In October, at a conference in London, Denmark suggested an arrangement on the basis of a separation of Schleswig from Holstein, despite their historical affiliation dating back to 1460, with Schleswig having a separate constitution under the Danish crown.

1849
 27 January: The London conference result was supported by Great Britain and Russia and accepted by Prussia and the German parliament in Frankfurt. The negotiations broke down, however, on the refusal of Denmark to yield the principle of the indissoluble union with the Danish crown.
 23 February: The truce came to an end.
 3 April: The war was renewed. At this point Nicholas I intervened in favour of peace.  However, Prussia, conscious of her restored strength and weary of the intractable temper of the Frankfurt parliament, determined to take matters into her own hands.
 3 April: Danish victory over Schleswig-Holstein forces in battle at Adsbøl.
 5 April: Battle of Eckernförde
 6 April: Battles at Ullerup and Avnbøl.
 13 April: Danish victory over Saxon forces in battle at Dybbøl.
 23 April: Battle at Kolding.
 31 May: Danes stop Prussian advance through Jutland in cavalry battle at Vejlby.
 4 June: inconclusive Battle of Heligoland (1849)
 6 July: Danish victory in sortie from Fredericia.
 10 July: Another truce was signed. Schleswig, until the peace, was to be administered separately, under a mixed commission; Holstein was to be governed by a vicegerent of the German Empire (an arrangement equally offensive to German and Danish sentiment). A settlement seemed as far off as ever. The Danes still clamoured for the principle of succession in the female line and union with Denmark, the Germans for that of succession in the male line and union with Holstein.

1850
In April 1850, Prussia, which had pulled out of the war after the treaty of Malmö, proposed a definitive peace on the basis of the status quo ante bellum and postponement of all questions as to mutual rights. To Palmerston the basis seemed meaningless and the proposed settlement  would settle nothing. Nicholas I, openly disgusted with Frederick William's submission to the Frankfurt Parliament, again intervened. To him Duke Christian of Augustenborg was a rebel. Russia had guaranteed Schleswig to the Danish crown by the 1773 Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo. As for Holstein, if the King of Denmark could not deal with the rebels there, he himself would intervene as he had done in Hungary. The threat was reinforced by the menace of the European situation. Austria and Prussia were on the verge of war (see Autumn Crisis 1850), and the sole hope of preventing Russia from entering such a war on the side of Austria lay in settling the Schleswig-Holstein question in a manner desirable to it. The only alternative, an alliance with the hated Napoleon Bonaparte's nephew, Louis Napoleon, who was already dreaming of acquiring the Rhine frontier for France in return for his aid in establishing German sea-power by the ceding of the duchies, was abhorrent to Frederick William.
 8 April: Karl Wilhelm von Willisen became the Supreme Commander of the German Forces.
 2 July: A treaty of peace between Prussia and Denmark was signed at Berlin. Both parties reserved all their antecedent rights. Denmark was satisfied that the treaty empowered the King of Denmark to restore his authority in Holstein with or without the consent of the German Confederation. Danish troops now marched in to coerce the refractory duchies. While the fighting went on, negotiations among the powers continued.
 24–25 July: Danish victory in the Battle of Idstedt.
 28 July: Danish victory in cavalry battle at Jagel.
 2 August: Great Britain, France, Russia and Sweden-Norway signed a protocol, to which Austria subsequently adhered, approving the principle of restoring the integrity of the Danish monarchy.
 12 September: Battle at Missunde.
 4 October: Danish forces resist German siege at Friedrichstadt.
 24 November: Battle of Lottorf
 31 December: Skirmish at Möhlhorst.

1851
 May: The Copenhagen government made an abortive attempt to come to an understanding with the inhabitants of the duchies by convening an assembly of notables at Flensburg.
 6 December 1851: The Copenhagen government announced a project for the future organization of the monarchy on the basis of the equality of its constituent states, with a common ministry.

1852
 28 January: A royal letter announced the institution of a unitary state which, while maintaining the fundamental constitution of Denmark, would increase the parliamentary powers of the estates of the two duchies. This proclamation was approved by Prussia and Austria, and by the German confederal diet insofar as it affected Holstein and Lauenburg. The question of the Augustenborg succession made an agreement between the powers impossible.
 31 March: The Duke of Augustenborg resigned his claim in return for a money payment. Further adjustments followed.
 8 May: another London Protocol was signed. The international treaty that became known as the "London Protocol" was the revision of the earlier protocol, which had been ratified on 2 August 1850, by the major Germanic powers of Austria and Prussia. The second, actual London Protocol was recognized by the five major European powers (the Austrian Empire, the Second French Republic, the Kingdom of Prussia, the Russian Empire, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland), as well as the two major Baltic Sea powers of Denmark and Sweden.

The Protocol affirmed the integrity of the Danish federation as a "European necessity and standing principle". Accordingly, the duchies of Schleswig (a Danish fief) and Holstein, and Lauenburg (sovereign states within the German Confederation) were joined by personal union with the King of Denmark. For this purpose, the line of succession to the duchies was modified, because Frederick VII of Denmark remained childless and hence a change in dynasty was in order. (The originally conflicting protocols of succession between the duchies and Denmark would have stipulated that, contrary to the treaty, the duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg would have had heads of state other than the King of Denmark.) Further, it was affirmed that the duchies were to remain as independent entities, and that Schleswig would have no greater constitutional affinity to Denmark than Holstein.

This settlement did not resolve the issue, as the German Diet had steadfastly refused to recognize the treaty, and asserted that the law of 1650 was still in force, by which the Duchies were not united to the state of Denmark, but only to the direct line of the Danish kings, and were to revert on its extinction, not to the branch of Glucksburg, but to the German ducal family of Augustenburg. Only twelve years passed before the Second Schleswig War in 1864 resulted in the king of Denmark transferring the disputed duchies to Austria and Prussia.

See also
 German exonyms for places in Denmark
 History of Schleswig-Holstein
 Revolutions of 1848
 Wars and battles involving Prussia

References

Further reading
 Price, Arnold. "Schleswig-Holstein" in Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions (2005) online

 Schlürmann, Jan. Die Schleswig-Holsteinische Armee 1848-1851 (Tönning, PhD Thesis 2004).
 Schlürmann, Jan. The German Volunteers of the 1st Schleswig War. An Overview of the Freikorps' Organisation, Uniforms, Flags and Armament in 1848. In: Chakoten 62 [Dansk Militaerhistorisk Selkabet] (2007), no. 4, p. 16-20.
 Steefel, Lawrence D. The Schleswig-Holstein Question. 1863–1864 (Harvard U.P. 1923).

External links

 Guns used at the Battle of Fredericia
 Time-line of Danish history
 Die Schlacht bei Idstedt
 Die Schlacht bei Idstedt im Jahre 1850
 Painting of the Battle of Isted
 Maps of Europe during the First Schleswig War (omniatlas)
 First Schleswig-Holstein War - First War of the Danish Duchies

Conflicts in 1848
Conflicts in 1849
Conflicts in 1850
Conflicts in 1851

Wars involving Denmark
Wars involving Prussia
19th century in Denmark
19th century in Germany
19th century in Prussia
Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Europe
Denmark–Germany military relations
Denmark–Germany border

First Schleswig War


Trincomalee (en tamil: திருகோணமலை ) es una ciudad de Sri Lanka capital de la provincia Oriental y del distrito homónimo.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 9  a 259 km de la capital nacional, Colombo, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2011 contaba con una población de 126 902 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth.

Localidades de Sri Lanka

Trincomalee


O Povo escocês das terras baixas (ânglico escocesa: Scots Fowk; ), também chamado de escoceses das terras baixas, escoceses Lowlanders, ou Lowlanders, é um grupo étnico nativo da Escócia que fala a língua ânglica escocesa e compartilha uma história e cultura comuns. Como etnia, eles divergiram em grande parte dos mesmos ancestrais dos ingleses modernos nativos do norte da Inglaterra.

Os Lowlanders em grande parte descendem de dois principais grupos populacionais históricosas tribos germânicas ocidentais que migraram para a parte sudeste da Grã-Bretanha após a retirada dos romanos (anglos e saxões), e os bretões celtas parcialmente romanizados já estabelecidos lá. Eles emergiram em grande parte dos anglos, que subjugaram os vizinhos cumbrianos de língua celta em um reino anglo-saxão e se estabeleceram nas terras baixas escocesas. Mais tarde, o Reino Anglo da Nortúmbria foi dividido, com suas terras do norte e povos de língua germânica tornando-se parte da Escócia Medieval.

Agrupamentos distintos nos séculos 15 e 16, os escoceses das terras baixas migraram e se estabeleceram em partes da América do Norte, Austrália e Nova Zelândia, tornando-se o grupo étnico dominante em vários assentamentos do Novo Mundo. Durante esta época, a Plantation de Ulster viu Lowlanders colonizarem áreas do norte da Irlanda ao lado de plantadores de partes vizinhas do norte da Inglaterra às Lowlands. Continuando com o Império Britânico, sua diáspora demonstrou uma tendência de assentamento e miscigenação com ingleses e seus descendentes; tornando-se contribuintes significativos para o fundo cultural e ancestral de Old Stock Americans, Old Stock Canadians e o povo escocês de Ulster na Irlanda do Norte. Aqueles Lowlanders que permaneceram na Escócia tornaram-se o grupo dominante na naçãoem termos políticos e demográficosnos séculos XIX e XX.

Histórico

Formação do grupo étnico das terras baixas
Acadêmicos e estudiosos estudaram o desenvolvimento do grupo étnico escocês das terras baixas e outros grupos étnicos escoceses nativos, observando suas etnogêneses nos séculos XIX e XX. Com experiência variada em cultura europeia e história escocesa, o sociolinguístico Ken MacKinnon, os historiadores Colin Kidd, Susan Reynolds, Felipe Fernández-Armesto, Steven L. Danver, e geógrafos, como Barry A. Vann, e Donald W. Meinig, documentaram a distinção entre os escoceses das terras baixas e outros grupos étnicos nativos da Escócia, como os gaélicos escoceses. O sociólogo Erik Allardt os definiu como agrupamentos etnolinguísticos separados e distinguíveis. O historiador James Belich refere-se aos Lowlanders como um grupo etnoreligioso distinto.

Um relatório da Associação Internacional de Ciência Política de 1974 delineou essa pluralidade étnica dentro da Escócia como: as Terras Altas da Escócia." Em 2014, o historiador Steven L. Danver, especializado em grupos étnicos indígenas, afirmou o seguinte, sobre as origens ancestrais únicas dos escoceses das terras baixas e dos gaélicos: O povo da Escócia é dividido em dois grupos - escoceses das terras baixas na parte sul do país e escoceses das terras altas no norte - que diferem uns dos outros etnicamente, culturalmente e linguisticamente ... Lowlanders diferem de Highlanders em sua origem étnica. Enquanto os escoceses das terras altas são descendentes de celtas (gaélicos), os escoceses das terras baixas são descendentes de pessoas de origem germânica. Durante o século VII dC, colonos de tribos germânicas de anglos se mudaram da Nortúmbria, no atual norte da Inglaterra e sudeste da Escócia, para a área ao redor de Edimburgo. Seus descendentes ocuparam gradualmente todas as Terras Baixas.A pesquisa do historiador Felipe Fernández-Armesto sugere que os Lowlanders são descendentes de vários povos anglo-saxões, e ele propõe que, em contraste com "seus vizinhos celtas", os Lowlanders "compartilham uma origem comum, uma experiência histórica comum" com os ingleses. Um professor de geografia histórica, Barry Vann forneceu descobertas semelhantes, apontando que, embora sejam grupos étnicos únicos, os ingleses do norte e os escoceses das terras baixas têm "quase os mesmos ancestrais". O geógrafo político, Dennis Graham Pringle, sugere que essa etnogênese comum (em relação aos ingleses) se aplica tanto aos escoceses das terras baixas quanto aos escoceses do Ulster.

O historiador Murray Pittock escreveu como o "mito étnico ou, na melhor das hipóteses, meia verdade das origens germânicas dos escoceses das terras baixas também foi desenvolvido no século XVIII". Embora Pittock não tenha contestado especificamente a pluralidade étnica do povo escocês, ele sugere que a ascendência germânica dos escoceses das terras baixas é exagerada. Isso coloca seus pontos de vista em contraste com os acadêmicos Fernández-Armesto, Danver e Vann, que sugerem que as etnogêneses dos escoceses das terras baixas e dos ingleses divergiram praticamente do mesmo conjunto de ancestrais. Um especialista no campo da história escocesa, Colin Kidd observou que, além disso, o assentamento do povo flamengo (um grupo étnico germânico adicional) também contribuiu significativamente para a ascendência dos Lowlanders durante o reassentamento anglo-normando da Escócia, conhecido como Revolução davidiana .

Declínio do domínio gaélico escocês
Em vez de Lowlanders (ou seus predecessores étnicos, como Anglos e, mais tarde, Nortumbrianos), foram os Gaels que foram o grupo étnico dominante e os fundadores da Escócia desde o século IX. Historicamente, os gaélicos surgiram durante o início da Idade Média, quando um amálgama de dois povos de língua celta, os pictos e os gaélicos, criou o Reino da Escócia (ou Reino de Alba) no século IX. No entanto, Alan MacDonald, da Universidade de Dundee, historiador do início da história escocesa moderna, observa que, no final do século XVI, os gaélicos haviam perdido o controle político da Escócia, o que exigia "propagandistas", como George Buchanan, para remover a mito de origem étnica gaélica do folclore da nação escocesa: Havia um mito, incluído na Declaração de Arbroath, de que os escoceses (por implicação, todos eles) eram descendentes de imigrantes irlandeses medievais, mas no final do século XVI essa lenda de origem foi adaptada para se tornar a justificativa da longevidade. da existência separada do reino escocês e, portanto, o status europeu de sua dinastia governante, não um mito nacional étnico. Isso nasceu, pelo menos parcialmente, do fato de que o centro de poder político da Escócia estava fora da esfera cultural dos descendentes dos escoceses originais: no sudeste, que falava uma língua semelhante ao inglês, em vez do noroeste, onde o gaélico permaneceu dominante. O mito nacional étnico não funcionou para quem está no poder, então foi transformado em um mito institucional. . . Embora se possa argumentar que isso era etnicamente exclusivo, uma vez que restringia a participação plena da política a falantes de escoceses em vez de gaélicos ... As leis foram entendidas como aplicáveis a todos que eram súditos do rei dos escoceses, independentemente de seu grupo étnico.De acordo com a historiadora Susan Reynolds, a ofuscação da pluralidade étnica na Escócia tem sido necessária para os aspectos práticos da construção da nação desde a Idade Média. Nos séculos XV e XVI, termos construídos como 'escoceses de Trews' foram utilizados por oradores escoceses, como Blind Harry, na tentativa de diminuir a realidade de que o poder político e econômico da Escócia era controlado pelo povo escocês das terras baixas. Um estudioso dos costumes gaélicos escoceses, a pesquisa do Dr. Michael Newton sugere que no século XIX e início do século XX alguns intelectuais escoceses, como o palestrante público Alexander Fraser, estavam cooptando costumes gaélicos para os propósitos de uma etnia escocesa unitária construída. Parte do departamento de estudos celtas da Universidade St. Francis Xavier, Newton escreve que "os escoceses não são um grupo étnico ou racial singular: os anglófonos (da Inglaterra e das Terras Baixas Escocesas) foram " outros " gaélicos como uma raça inferior por gerações", continuando que " Fraser não reconhece ou explora a divisão Highland-Lowland em seus textos anglófonos; sua agenda é legitimar a participação de todos os escoceses na construção da nação". Julia Rudolph, da Universidade Estadual da Carolina do Norte, também estudou esse fenômeno. Um historiador do início da Europa moderna, Rudolph afirma que "as Terras Baixas construíram mitos políticos e eclesiásticos que se basearam na história dos antigos gaélicos escoceses de Dalriada enquanto dirigiam farpas hostis e dirigiam programas reformistas destinados à assimilação dos gaélicos das Terras Altas".

História

Idade média
De 1500 a 1700, a pesquisa do sociólogo Ian Carter da Universidade de Auckland sobre a época descobriu que não havia casamento entre os escoceses das terras baixas e seus vizinhos das Terras Altas, os gaélicos escoceses. No entanto, de acordo com o Dr. Sean Byrne da Universidade de Manitoba (um especialista em conflitos étnicos), enquanto os gaélicos e os Lowlanders permaneciam distintos na virada do século XVI, um "respeito mútuo existia entre esses grupos étnicos".

Novo Mundo e assentamentos coloniais
Sewanee: A antropóloga da Universidade do Sul, Celeste Ray, observou que durante meados de 1700 os imigrantes escoceses para o sul americano eram grupos étnicos distintos, incluindo escoceses Gaels (referidos como "Escoceses Highlanders"), bem como " Escoceses das terras baixas e os escoceses-irlandeses (ou escoceses do Ulster), que se estabeleceram na Irlanda do Norte antes de imigrar para a América." O etnólogo sueco, Sigurd Erixon, escreveu sobre a migração do grupo étnico para o norte da Irlanda neste período: Assim, não há motivo para surpresa em descobrir semelhanças na cultura material nessas áreas, quando se lembra que um número considerável de escoceses da planície ocidental se estabeleceu no norte da Irlanda no século XVII.Com os fundamentos da expansão britânica emergindo sob James VI e I, a estudiosa Mary J. Hickman sugere que, abordando a "gestão das relações nacionais/étnicas", a "plantação conacional" foi promovida como um empreendimento especificamente britânico envolvendo tanto escoceses das terras baixas quanto colonos ingleses."

Na América do Norte, os escoceses das terras baixas se estabeleceram como indivíduos, e não como um grupo, muitas vezes ao lado de ingleses. Os lowlanders, geralmente dentro de uma geração, se ajustavam aos sotaques e dialetos americanos, divergindo da língua escocesa, em contraste com os gaélicos escoceses que tendiam a reter a língua gaélica por várias gerações. Eles estavam super-representados entre os legalistas, permanecendo assim leais à Coroa Britânica, durante a Guerra Revolucionária Americana . De acordo com o geógrafo Donald W. Meinig, o apoio predominante à Coroa pode ter sido resultado de "tantos" Lowlanders sendo "agentes de casas mercantis" envolvidos com o comércio no império britânico.

Na Nova Zelândia o historiador James Belich estudou como os escoceses das terras baixas dominaram a demografia de Otago e Southland como um agrupamento etnoreligioso.

Período moderno tardio
Os acadêmicos John M. MacKenzie e Tom Devine (que se especializou na história da Escócia) pesquisaram "identidades étnicas migrantes escocesas" separadas, descrevendo como, no século XIX, a apropriação de símbolos e costumes gaélicos pelos escoceses das terras baixas era cada vez mais comum. Colin Kidd sugere que a identidade étnica dos Lowlanders progrediu entre 1500 e 2000 para entender sua etnia como distinta, mas intercambiável com os ingleses dentro do contexto do estado britânico. Kidd observa que os escoceses das terras baixas não se viam como uma "minoria étnica" no Reino Unido entre os séculos 18 e 20. O historiador da Universidade de St Andrews, Robert Allan Houston, tira conclusões semelhantes, observando que "a identidade parcialmente compartilhada dos Lowlanders com os ingleses" muitas vezes resultou em apoio ao sindicalismo britânico entre o grupo étnico.

O Dr. Stuart MacDonald do Knox college, um especialista em historia escocesa moderna, publicou uma pesquisa afirmando que tão tarde quanto o século XIX, os Lowlanders permaneceram um Grupo étnico separado dos outros grupos escoceses:Falar dos escoceses como um único grupo étnico também é um tanto problemático. Seria mais correto nos séculos XVIII e XIX falar de duas comunidades étnicas escocesas distintas, divididas por língua e cultura e, às vezes, antagonismos mútuos – Highlanders e Lowlanders.

Veja também

 História da Irlanda do Norte
 História da Escócia
 Imigração para os Estados Unidos
 Plantation de Ulster
 Igreja presbiteriana na Irlanda
 Ulster

Referências

Sociedade da Escócia
Grupos étnicos do Reino Unido
Grupos étnicos da Irlanda
"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation

Lowlanders


Abbesses (, literally Abbesses) is a station on Paris Métro Line 12, in the Montmartre district and the 18th arrondissement. Abbesses is the deepest station in the Paris Métro, at 36 metres (118 feet) below ground, and is located on the western side of the butte (hill) of Montmartre. Access to the platforms is by elevator or the decorated stairs.

Location

Nearby are the Montmartre district, the Basilique du Sacré-Cœur de Montmartre (church), the Place du Tertre and the Église Saint-Jean-de-Montmartre (Art Nouveau church). The station is named after the Place des Abbesses, referring to the abbesses of the nearby abbey of the Dames-de-Montmartre.

History
The station opened on 30 January 1913, three months after the extension of the Nord-Sud company's line A from Pigalle to Jules Joffrin. On 27 March 1931, line A became line 12 of the Métro.

Station layout

Architecture

The station's entrance, designed by Hector Guimard (1867–1942), is one of only two remaining glass-covered "dragonfly" entrances, known as  (the other is located at Porte Dauphine, while a replica exists at Châtelet). Though a Guimard original, the édicule at Abbesses was originally located at  and was transferred to its current location in 1974. The entrance is technically anachronistic, since line 12 of the Paris metro was built by a competing firm, the Nord-Sud Company, which did not hire Guimard but engaged other architects to design its stations and station entrances.

Abbesses in popular culture
 Abbesses is featured in Le Fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain; a working title for the film was Amélie des Abbesses (Amélie of the Abbesses). Though set at Abbesses station, the film was actually shot at Porte des Lilas station, which has a disused platform that has been specially set up for filming.
 The entrance to Abbesses metro station is featured near the beginning of music video for Howard Jones' What Is Love as well as several other locations around Paris
 Louis Vuitton has a messenger style bag in the Monogram Canvas line named after the station.
 A cartoon version of the station appears in the official music video for "Flowers", the ninth track on Émilie Simon.
 "Abbesses" is also where Minette's fashion studio is located in a Nancy Drew PC game Danger By Design.
 The French DJ crew Birdy Nam Nam has composed a musical piece called Abbesses.
 Featured in multiple scenes of the final episode of Netflix original series Sense8.

References

External links
Renovation works schedule from RATP web-site (French)

Paris Métro stations in the 18th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1912
Art Nouveau architecture in Paris
Art Nouveau railway stations

Abbesses station


විවේක් දාහියා යනු ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනී නළුවෙකි. ඔහු යේ හේ මොහබ්බතයින් සහ ඒක් වීර් කි අර්දාස් ...වීරා වැනි හින්දි රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලාවල පෙනී සිට ඇත. මෑතක දී ඔහු කවච්...කාලි ශක්තියොන් සේහි ප්‍රධාන පිරිමි චරිතය වන රාජ්බීර් බුන්දේලාගේ චරිතය නිරූපණය කළේ ය.

මුල්කාලීන දිවිය
දාහියා එංගලන්තයේ ඩි මොන්ට්ෆෝර්ට් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයෙන් අන්තර්ජාතික ව්‍යාපාර කළමනාකරණය පිළිබඳ සිය M.Sc. උපාධිය හදාළේ ය.

පෞද්ගලික දිවිය
2016 ජූලි 8වන දින, දාහියා සිය යේ හේ මොහබ්බතයින් සහෝදර-නිළියක වූ දිව්‍යංකා ත්‍රීපති සමග විවාහ ගිවිස ගත්තේ ය.

රූපවාහිනිය

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

ජීවත්වන්නෝ
ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනී නළුවෝ
හින්දි රූපවාහිනියේ නළුවන්
පන්ජාබි ජනයා
චන්දිගාර්හි නළුවන්
උපන් ස්ථානය දක්නට නොමැති පුද්ගලයින් (ජීවත්වන්නෝ)
බිග් බොස් සහභාගී වූවන්

විවේක් දාහියා


Der Abtretungsvertrag über Kastel und Kostheim ist ein Vertrag vom 12. März 1806 zwischen Napoleon Bonaparte als Kaiser der Franzosen und dem Fürsten Friedrich August von Nassau-Usingen mit Einwilligung des Fürsten Friedrich Wilhelm von Nassau-Weilburg über die förmliche Abtretung von Kastel und Kostheim. Zweck war eine verbesserte Sicherung der damals französischen Festung Mainz.

Hintergrund
Die gegenüber dem linksrheinischen Mainz liegenden rechtsrheinische Ortschaften Kastel und Kostheim gehörten im 18. Jahrhundert zu Kurmainz. 1792 wurden Mainz und Kastel gemeinsam als Festung von den Franzosen besetzt und in der Folge während der Belagerung von Mainz durch ein deutsches Koalitionsheer zurückerobert. Dabei wurde Kostheim zerstört. Bereits 1797 wurde mit dem Frieden von Campo Formio der Rhein als Ostgrenze Frankreichs festgelegt, damit fielen die linksrheinischen Besitzungen der Kurfürstentums Mainz mit der Stadt Mainz selbst an Frankreich. Entgegen dem Friedensschluss blieb die Zuordnung der rechtsrheinischen Festungsanlagen von Kastel umstritten, französische Truppen hielten sie weiterhin besetzt. Das Kurfürstentum Mainz bestand nunmehr, auf seine rechtsrheinischen Teile beschränkt, unter der Herrschaft des Kurfürsten Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal und ab 1802 unter dessen Nachfolger Karl Theodor von Dalberg zunächst nominell fort. Die endgültige Auflösung der alten Strukturen durch Exekution des Reichsdeputationshauptschlusses vom 27. April 1803 beendete die Existenz des Kurfürstentums. Die ehemals zu Mainz gehörigen Ortschaften Kastel und Kostheim fielen 1803 als Entschädigung für den Verlust linksrheinischer Gebiete an den Fürsten von Nassau-Usingen. Obwohl die Festungsanlagen von Kastel erst im Februar 1803 förmlich von den Franzosen an Nassau-Usingen abgetreten worden waren, betrieb Napoleon bereits ab September 1804 die erneute Angliederung von Kostheim und Kastel an Mainz, um die rechtsrheinischen Festungsanlagen auszubauen. Ab September 1805 wurden die Festungsanlagen von den Franzosen auf dem formell Nassau-Usingen gehörenden Gebiet hergerichtet.

Inhalt
Der Vertrag sollte formal der Sicherheit beider Staaten dienen, baute faktisch aber einseitig französische Positionen zu Lasten des Herzogtums Nassau aus. Frankreich verstärkte die von ihm auf der linken Rheinseite gehaltene Festung Mainz, indem es sich nassauisches Territorium auf der rechten Rheinseite als Brückenkopf sicherte. Das Haus Nassau-Usingen musste dazu die gerade erst 1803 im Rahmen des Reichsdeputationshauptschlusses von Kurmainz übernommenen Gemeinden Kastel und Kostheim und die St. Petersinsel im Rhein auf der rechten Seite des Talwegs an Frankreich abtreten sowie Gemarkungen, die darüber hinaus im Umkreis von 2 km – gerechnet vom Kamm der bedeckten Wege vor den Halbmonden des Hauptwalles der Brückenfestung Kastel – lagen.

Im Gegenzug dazu garantierte Frankreich dem Haus Nassau-Usingen alle seine übrigen Besitzungen in Deutschland, so wie es sie zum Zeitpunkt des Vertragsschlusses innehatte.

Nebenabreden
Es ist strittig, ob außerhalb dieses Vertrages von den Parteien Nebenabreden getroffen wurden. Später wurde kolportiert, dass eine geheime jährliche Rente zugunsten der Nassauer Fürsten aus der außerordentlichen kaiserlichen Domäne abgesprochen, aber nie gezahlt worden sei.

Vertragsschluss
Der Vertrag war in drei Artikeln gefasst. Auf Seiten Nassaus unterzeichnete der nassauische Minister Ernst Franz Ludwig Marschall von Bieberstein für Friedrich August, Fürst von Nassau-Usingen, für Frankreich der französische Staatsrat Jean-Baptiste-Moïse Jollivet für Kaiser Napoleon Bonaparte. Der Vertrag wurde am 12. März von den Bevollmächtigten, am 24. März von Kaiser Napoleon, am 26. April vom Fürsten von Usingen und am 27. April von Fürst Friedrich Wilhelm von Nassau-Weilburg unterzeichnet und zum 13. Oktober 1806 vollzogen.

Nachwirkungen
Nach dem Sturz Napoleons erklärte der Bevollmächtigte des nunmehrigen Herzogtums Nassau am 25. Oktober 1814 auf dem Wiener Kongress, "Nassau sei durch die Übermacht des damaligen Machthabers Frankreichs zu Anfange des Jahrs 1806 ohne allen Ersatz gezwungen worden, Kastel, Kostheim sowie die Rheininseln an Frankreich zu überlassen". Dies aber blieb ohne Wirkung: Kastel, Kostheim und die St. Petersinsel fielen zusammen mit Mainz an das Großherzogtum Hessen.

Literatur
 Auszug des Abtretungs-Vertrags über Kastell und Kostheim zwischen Seiner Majestät dem Kaiser Napoleon und dem Herrn Fürsten zu Nassau. In: Peter Adolph Winkopp (Hrsg.): Der Rheinische Bund. Eine Zeitschrift historisch-politisch-statistisch-geographischen Inhalts. Band 2, Frankfurt am Main 1807, S. 246–253.

Weblinks
 Mainz von 1793 bis 1814 in regionalgeschichte.net

 Vor 200 Jahren entstand das Herzogtum Nassau (PDF; 106 kB) Vortrag im RC Wiesbaden vom 26. September 2006

Einzelnachweise

Koalitionskriege
Konsulat und Empire
Mayence
Mainz
Mayence
Politik (Herzogtum Nassau)
1806
Geschichte (Mainz)


එක් දින ජාත්‍යන්තරය (එදිජා) යනු, සීිමිත ඕවර් ක්‍රිකට් ආකෘතියක් වන අතර, ජාත්‍යන්තර තත්ත්වයේ කණ්ඩායම් දෙකක් අතර ක්‍රීඩා කෙරෙමින්, එක් එක් කණ්ඩායම කිසියම් වෙනස් නොවන ඕවර ගණනකට, සාමාන්‍යයෙන් ඕවර පනහකට, මුහුණ දෙති.

එක්දින ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට්


The Colour of Spring is the third studio album by English band Talk Talk, released on 17 February 1986. Written by Mark Hollis and producer Tim Friese-Greene, the album combines elements of jazz and art pop in an effort by Hollis to embrace more organic instrumentation and production values. Unlike previous Talk Talk albums, synthesizers are rarely featured on the album, being replaced by guitar, piano, and organ. The album went on to become Talk Talk's greatest commercial success, spawning the hit singles "Life's What You Make It" and "Living in Another World" and reaching the Top 20 in numerous countries (topping the Dutch charts), including the UK, where it reached No. 8 and stayed in the UK charts for 21 weeks.

Background

The Colour of Spring is commonly viewed as a bridge between Talk Talk's earlier, synthesized pop sound, and their later, more improvisation-based work. Despite the extensive use of synthesizers on the previous two albums, Hollis was vocal in his distaste for them, stating that they were used primarily for economic reasons and that "if they didn't exist, I'd be delighted." During the recording of the album, Hollis frequently listened to the music of composers such as Erik Satie, Claude Debussy, and Béla Bartók, with the latter being a particularly significant influence on the album.

Like other Talk Talk albums, outside musicians were heavily utilized. Guests contributing to the album include Robbie McIntosh adding guitar, and Steve Winwood, who played organ on the hit "Living in Another World", alongside "Happiness is Easy" and "I Don't Believe in You".

Reception

The Colour of Spring became the band's highest selling non-compilation studio album, reaching the Top 20 in numerous countries (topping the Dutch charts), including the UK, where it reached No. 8 and stayed in the UK charts for 21 weeks. It did not quite match the sales of its predecessor in the United States but was nonetheless their last album to enter the Billboard 200, reaching number 58. With the international hit "Life's What You Make It", Talk Talk expanded their fan base. The song became the band's fourth of four American hits, along with 1982's "Talk Talk" and 1984's "It's My Life" and "Such a Shame".

The album was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits per album notes.

Talk Talk
 Mark Hollis — lead vocals, piano (tracks 3, 5, 6, 7), Variophon (tracks 1, 4 and 7), organ (track 4), Mellotron (track 6), electric guitar (track 8), melodica (track 8)
 Lee Harris — drums (except 4, 7)
 Paul Webb — bass guitar (tracks 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8), backing vocals (tracks 3 and 5)

Additional personnel
 Tim Friese-Greene — producer, piano (tracks 1, 2, and 8), Kurzweil Synthesizer (tracks 1, 4 and 7), organ (tracks 3, 6 and 8), Variophon (tracks 4 and 7), Mellotron (track 3)
 Ian Curnow — synthesizer solos (tracks 2 and 6)
 Martin Ditcham — percussion (tracks 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8)
 Mark Feltham — harmonica (track 5)
 Alan Gorrie — electric bass (track 1)
 Robbie McIntosh — guitar (tracks 1, 2, 5 and 8), Dobro (tracks 4 and 6)
 Morris Pert — percussion (tracks 1, 2, 5, and 8)
 Phil Reis — percussion (track 1)
 David Rhodes — guitar (tracks 3, 5, and 6)
 David Roach — soprano saxophone (tracks 2, 4, and 5)
 Gaynor Sadler — harp (track 2)
 Danny Thompson — acoustic bass (track 1)
 Children from the school of Miss Speake — children's choir (track 1)
 Ambrosian Singers — choir (track 8)
 Steve Winwood — organ (tracks 1, 2, and 5)
Technical
 Dennis Weinrich — engineer
 Dietmar Schillinger — engineer
 Paul Schroeder — engineer
 Pete Wooliscroft — engineer
James Marsh — cover art

Charts

Certifications

References

Talk Talk albums
1986 albums
EMI Records albums
Progressive pop albums
Experimental pop albums
Art pop albums

The Colour of Spring