Die Carretera Nacional N-III ist eine Nationalstraße in Spanien. Sie war mit einer Gesamtlänge von 352 Kilometern die kürzeste der sechs sternförmig von Madrid ausgehenden und bis zur äußeren Begrenzung Spaniens führenden Nationalstraßen. Heute existiert die Strecke nur noch auf ca. 129 Kilometer langen Abschnitten parallel zur Autobahn A-3.

Verlauf

Die Carretera Nacional N-III führte von der Hauptstadt Madrid aus über Tarancón, Honrubia, Requena, Siete Aguas, Buñol bis nach Valencia. Festgelegt wurde diese Streckenführung um 1940.

Auf vielen Abschnitten wurde die Nationalstraße bereits durch die Autobahn A-3 ersetzt bzw. zu dieser ausgebaut. Dies sind die Abschnitte Madrid − Honrubia, Requena − Siete Aguas und Buñol − Valencia. Zwischen Honrubia und Requena sowie zwischen Siete Aguas und Buñol verläuft die noch bestehende N-III parallel zu der Autobahn A-3.

Geschichte

Im Jahr 1964 wurde damit begonnen, den Ausbauzustand der Straße zur Autobahn zu erhöhen. Dazu wurde erstmals die Streckenführung geändert. Der Straßenbeginn wurde innerhalb Madrids auf die Avenida del Mediterráneo in der Nähe der Plaza del Conde de Casal verlegt. Dieser 10 Kilometer lange Neubau wurde 9. Dezember 1964 eröffnet und war der erste Autobahnabschnitt in Spanien.

Im Jahr 1971 wurde dieser Abschnitt auf mindestens 25 Kilometer verlängert und galt als Hauptverkehrsstraße für die Einfahrt in die Hauptstadt von Spanien. Bis in die späten 1970er Jahre wurden in den Städten, durch diese die N-III verlief, die beide Verkehrsrichtungen durch einen gelben Streifen und ausnahmsweise auch durch einen weißen Streifen voneinander abgegrenzt. Noch in diesen Jahren wurde, in Ausnahme von bestimmten Bereichen, die Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 90 km/h auf die noch heute geltende Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 100 km/h erhöht. Die Nationalstraße N-III zählte zu dieser Zeit zu am besten ausgebautesten Straßen.

In den 1980ern begann der Zustand der Straße aufgrund des gestiegenen Straßenverkehrs in Spanien zu variieren. Im Zuge der Reform der spanischen Verfassung im Jahr 1982 verlief die Straße erstmals durch drei Autonome Gemeinschaften. In der Mitte dieses Jahrzehnts wurde eine Reihe von Verbesserungen im Straßenverlauf durchgesetzt: Es wurden mehrere Ortsumgehungen gebaut, gefährliche Kurven wurden entschärft.

Infolge des Beitritts Spaniens zur Europäischen Union 1986 erfolgten in den 1990er Jahren die größten Modernisierungsarbeiten entlang der N-III. 1995 wurde der seit den späten 1980ern andauernde Ausbau der N-III zur Autobahn A-3 zwischen Madrid und Honrubia abgeschlossen. In den 2000er Jahren wurde der Ausbau zur Autobahn auf allen Abschnitten abgeschlossen. Zwischen Honrubia und Requena sowie zwischen Siete Aguas und Buñol ist die alte Strecke erhalten geblieben.

Siehe auch
 Autovía A-3

Einzelnachweise

Nationalstraße in Spanien
Verkehrsbauwerk in Kastilien-La Mancha
Verkehrsbauwerk in der Valencianischen Gemeinschaft
Straße in Europa

Carretera Nacional N-III


Yerkish é uma linguagem artificial desenvolvida para uso por primatas não humanos. Emprega um teclado cujas teclas contêm lexigramas, símbolos correspondentes a objetos ou ideias.

Lexigramas foram notavelmente usados pelo Centro de Pesquisa de Línguas da Georgia State University para se comunicar com bonobos e chimpanzés. Pesquisadores e primatas puderam se comunicar usando placas de lexigrama feitas em até três painéis com um total de 384 teclas.

Contexto

A linguagem Yerkish foi desenvolvida por Ernst von Glasersfeld e usada por Duane Rumbaugh e Sue Savage-Rumbaugh da Georgia State University enquanto trabalhava com primatas no Yerkes National Primate Research Center da Emory University em Atlanta, Georgia. Os primatas foram ensinados a se comunicar por meio de uma placa de lexigrama, um conjunto computadorizado de teclas rotuladas com lexigramas. Von Glasersfeld cunhou o termo "lexigrama" em 1971, criou os primeiros 120 deles e projetou a gramática que regulava sua combinação. Essa linguagem artificial foi chamada Yerkish em homenagem a Robert M. Yerkes, o fundador do laboratório no qual os lexigramas foram usados pela primeira vez.

O primeiro macaco treinado para se comunicar em Yerkish foi o chimpanzé Lana, a partir de 1973 no contexto do projeto LANA. Os pesquisadores esperavam que Lana não apenas interpretasse a língua Yerkish, mas também participasse da comunicação com outras pessoas por meio dessa linguagem recém-descoberta.

Considerações de design
Conceito de lexigrama

Pesquisas que levaram a 1973 sugeriram que os chimpanzés poderiam adquirir e reter o uso simbólico de itens visuais. Na tentativa de estruturar o uso de símbolos como linguagem, Yerkish formalizou o uso do lexigrama, um design gráfico que representa uma palavra, mas não é necessariamente indicativo do objeto a que se refere.

Cada lexigrama é projetado para ser semanticamente e sintaticamente inequívoco, um esforço consciente para reduzir a ambiguidade do inglês. Por exemplo, o uso de cores transmite código semântico, com lexigramas vermelhos identificando itens ingeríveis como comida e bebida, lexigramas azuis designando atividades e lexigramas violeta representando seres animados como humanos.

As limitações técnicas existentes orientaram os lexigramas a serem construídos por 9 elementos únicos que poderiam ser combinados por sobreposição. O lexigrama da água, de cor vermelha, é uma combinação dos elementos 5, um círculo, e 9, uma linha ondulada.

Von Glaserfeld criou aproximadamente 150 dos primeiros lexigramas na língua Yerkish.

Interface
Teclado

Um teclado de lexigrama foi criado para Lana com cada tecla representando vários substantivos ou verbos como comida, comer, maçã, bebida, etc.

Von Glaserfeld usou 25 deles em seu experimento inicial com Lana. Cada uma dessas teclas tinha 1½ x 1 polegada e acendia quando pressionada.

Depois de pressionar uma determinada tecla, o item correspondente emergiria de um dispensador de comida colocado ao lado do teclado e, por meio de uma série de experimentos, os pesquisadores esperavam que Lana aprendesse a interpretar o que cada tecla se correlacionaria e aprenderia a comunicar significativamente seus pedidos.

Veja também

 Cognição primata

Referências

Línguas artificiais
Direitos animais
Introduções em 1971
Comunicação animal

Yerkish


20. Šahovska olimpijada održana je 1972. u Sjevernoj Makedoniji, tada dijelom Jugoslavije. Grad domaćin bio je Skoplje.

Poredak osvajača odličja

1972.
Šah u Sjevernoj Makedoniji
Međunarodna športska natjecanja u Sjevernoj Makedoniji

Šahovska olimpijada 1972.


La Dongfeng Fengguang Mini EV est une mini-citadine 100 % électrique présentée en décembre 2021 par le constructeur d'État chinois Dongfeng. Cette automobile sera réservée au marché chinois.

Présentation
Face au succès récent des petites voitures électriques du segment A en Chine, notamment avec la Wuling Hongguang Mini EV, Dongfeng a décidé de lancer sa propre voiture appartenant à cette catégorie. C'est d'ailleurs ce modèle répandu en Chine qui a inspiré le nom de la mini-citadine de Dongfeng : Fengguang Mini EV. D'apparence cubique, cette petite citadine réservée au marché chinois possède également de petites roues, avec des jantes de 12 pouces.

Les tarifs de la Mini EV n'ont pas encore été officiellement communiqués.

Caractéristiques techniques
Uniquement disponible en électrique, la Mini EV propose une motorisation développant 34 ch.

L'autonomie attendue varie entre 100 et 200 km, selon les versions. Toutefois, le constructeur Dongfeng n'a pas encore officiellement communiqué ni les données de capacité de batterie, ni l'autonomie.

La Fengguang Mini EV a des dimensions très compactes : 2 995 mm de longueur, 1 495 mm de largeur et 1 640 mm de hauteur. Son empattement, quant à lui, reste sous la barre des 2 000 mm (1 960 mm précisément). Cette automobile dispose de 4 places.

Notes et références

Dongfeng Motor

Dongfeng Fengguang Mini EV


Alexandru Cicâldău ()

Note

Nașteri în 1997
Mijlocași
Fotbaliști ai CSU Craiova
Fotbaliști ai FC Viitorul
Sportivi români în viață
Fotbaliști internaționali români
Fotbaliști români
Nașteri pe 8 iulie

Alexandru Cicâldău


Kristin Landen Davis  (d. 23 Şubat 1965, Colorado) Amerikalı oyuncudur.

Biyografi
Ailenin tek çocuğu olan Davis, annesi ve babası ayrıldıktan sonra üvey babası ve annesiyle Kolombiya'ya taşındı.  1982 yılına kadar burada yaşadı New Jersey'de üniversiteyi bitirdikten sonra New York'a taşındı. Bir süre garsonluk yaptıktan sonra bir arkadaşıyla yoga stüdyosu açtı.

İlk çıkışını Melrose Place'teki Brooke Armstrong Campbell karakteri ile yaptı. Bir yıl sonra diziden ayrıldı. Yapımcılar, izleyiciler onun karakterini beğenmediği için çıkardıklarını açıkladılar. Bu dönemde arasında Seinfeld'in de bulunduğu bazı dizilerde konuk oyuncu olarak yer aldı.

1998 yılında rol aldığı Sex and the City dizisindeki Charlotte York karakteri ile büyük çıkış yaptı.

Rol aldığı bazı yapımlar
 Deadly Illusions (2021) - Mary Morrison
Holiday in the Wild (2019) - Kate Conrad
Journey 2: The Mysterious Island (2012) - Elizabeth Anderson
Jack ve Jill (2011) - Delilah
Sex and the City 2 (2010) - Charlotte York
Arızalı Çiftler (2009) - Lucy Trippaglio
Sex and the City: The Movie (2008) - Charlotte York
 The Shaggy Dog (2006) - Rebecca Douglas
 The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl 3-D (2005) - Max's Mom
 Soccer Moms (2005) - Brooke
 Will & Grace - Nadine
 Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends (2004) - Miss Spider
 The Winning Season (2004) - Mandy
 Sex and the City (1998-2004) - Charlotte York
 Friends - Erin
 Sex and the Matrix (2000) - Charlotte York
 Seinfeld (1997) - Jenna
 Melrose Place (1996) - Brooke Armstrong

Ayrıca bakınız
 Sex and the City

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

1965 doğumlular
Amerikalı kadın sinema oyuncuları
Amerikalı kadın dizi oyuncuları
Rutgers Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
Yaşayan insanlar
Ekran Oyuncuları Derneği Ödülü sahipleri
Colorado doğumlular
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı kadın oyuncular

Kristin Davis


İftar () Ramazan ayında Müslümanların oruçlu geçirdikleri günün sonunda akşam ezanı okunduktan sonra (güneşin batmasında) yenilen yemektir.

Kaynakça

İftar
Yemek öğünleri
Arapçadan Türkçeye geçen sözcükler

İftar


Agrilus bumbulinus é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Obenberger, 1931.

Referências

bumbulinus

Agrilus bumbulinus


Die Saison 1998/1999 der GFA League Second Division, der zweithöchsten Spielklasse im gambischen Fußball, wurde 1999 beendet.

Es spielten zehn Mannschaften in einer Hin- und Rückrunde um den Titel, so dass für jede Mannschaft 18 Spiele angesetzt waren. Aus der GFA League First Division sind zuvor die zwei Mannschaften Flamemins Football Club und Saraba Football Club abgestiegen und zur Liga dazu gestoßen. Aus der GFA League Third Division sind die zwei Mannschaften Bakau United und Sky Power aufgestiegen.

Am Saisonende mussten die beiden Tabellenletzten Augustians Bathurst und Sky Power in die Third Division absteigen. Aufsteigen in die First Division durften die beiden in der Tabelle führenden Mannschaften Flamemins Football Club und Bakau United.

Eine Abschlusstabelle ist nicht belegt.

Beteiligte Vereine
Alphabetisch sortiert

 Augustians
 Bakau United
 Flamemins FC
 Gamtel FC
 Justice
 Kaira Silo
 Latdior FC
 Old Jeshwang
 Saraba FC
 Sky Power

Einzelnachweise

 Anmerkungen

1998
Fußballsaison 1998/99

GFA League Second Division 1998/99


Teatro d'ira: Vol. I é o segundo álbum de estúdio da banda de hard rock italiana Måneskin. Foi lançado em 19 de março de 2021 pelas RCA e Sony. O álbum inclui os singles "Vent'anni" e o ganhador dos festivais musicais de Sanremo e Eurovisão "Zitti e buoni", assim como as faixas "I Wanna Be Your Slave" e "Coraline".

Após a vitória de Måneskin no Festival Eurovisão da Canção 2021 com a canção "Zitti e buoni", o álbum começou a surgir em diversas paradas musicais ao redor da Europa. O álbum atingiu o topo das paradas italianas, obtendo o certificado de platina quádrupla pela FIMI. Também atingiu o topo das paradas de álbuns musicais na Finlândia, Lituânia e Suécia, sendo colocado entre os dez melhores em mais 14 territórios. Desde então, o álbum garantiu mais três certificados de ouro em outros três países.

Lista de faixas

Créditos

Grupo

Damiano David – vocais, guitarra
Victoria De Angelis – baixo
Thomas Raggi – guitarra
Ethan Torchio – bateria

Produção e design

Måneskin – produção
Fabrizio Ferraguzzo – produção
Enrico La Falce – gravação, engenharia de áudio, masterização
Luca Pellegrini – gravação
Enrico Brun – produção adicional
Corrado "Mecna" Grilli – design gráfico
Gabriele Giussani – fotografia

Álbuns de hard rock
Álbuns de glam rock
Álbuns de 2021
Álbuns de Måneskin

Teatro d'ira: Vol. I


L'aéroport de Yulin Fumian (, en chinois : 玉林福绵机场 / pinyin : Yùlín Fúmián Jīchǎng) est un aéroport chinois situé à Yulin, dans la région autonome du Guangxi.

Inauguré le , il est d'usage civil et est situé à environ  du centre-ville de Yulin.

Situation

Installations
L'aéroport dispose d'un terminal, ainsi que de sept terrains de stationnement de deux étages, dont cinq avec passerelles d'embarquement vers le terminal. Il peut répondre à un débit de 1.5 million de passagers par année et à un début de fret de .

Compagnies et destinations

Statistiques

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des aéroports en Chine

Liens externes

Aéroport dans la région autonome du Guangxi
Aéroport

Aéroport de Yulin Fumian


Two-Faced je šesti studijski album njemačkog thrash metal sastava Tankard. Album je objavljen u ožujku 1994. godine, a objavila ga je diskografska kuća Noise Records. Zadnji je album na kojem gitaru svira osnivač sastava Axel Katzmann.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

Tankard
Andreas "Gerre" Geremia — vokali
Frank Thorwarth — bas-gitara
Axel Katzmann — gitara, prateći vokali
Andy Boulgaropoulos — gitara, prateći vokali
Arnulf Tunn — bubnjevi
Dodatni glazbenici
Harris Johns — prateći vokali
Martin Eckert — prateći vokali
Manuela Ruszczynski — prateći vokali

Ostalo osoblje
Harris Johns — produciranje, miksanje, inženjering
Karl-U. Walterbach — produciranje
Thomas Pätsch — asistent inženjera
Tom Müller — mastering
Sebastian Krüger — omot albuma
Martin Buchwalter — remastering

Izvori

Albumi iz 1994.
Albumi sastava Tankard

Two-Faced


Halis Uluç Gürkan (d. 5 Kasım 1945, Şanlıurfa), eski milletvekili ve ODTÜ'de öğretim görevlisidir. TBMM başkanvekilliği yapmıştır. Çeşitli medya organlarında gazetecilik deneyimi vardır. Halen Atılım Üniversitesinde öğretim görevlisi olarak görev yapmaktadır.

Hayatı
5 Kasım 1945 tarihinde Şanlıurfa'da doğmuştur. Evli ve iki çocuk babasıdır. Mustafa Kemal Gençlik Vakfı kurucu üyesi, Atatürkçü Düşünce Derneği, Mülkiyeliler Birliği, Çağdaş Gazeteciler Derneği, Beşiktaş üyesidir.

Eserileri: "Ermeni Sorunu'nu Anlamak, Önyargıları Aşmak ve Nefretten Arınmak", Destek Yay., 2011. (belge-söyleşi kitabı)

Eğitim
Yüksek (1964-1968) Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi - Uluslararası İlişkiler
Öğrenci Derneği Başkanı – Ortanın Solu Grubu / 1967-1968) Lise (1961-1964) Tarsus Amerikan Lisesi Ortaokul (1957-1961) Talas (Kayseri) Amerikan Ortaokulu İlkokul (1952-1957) Rami (İstanbul), Yıldız Yenimahalle (İstanbul), Koruköy (Gelibolu), Kavak (Gelibolu), Uzunköprü Edirne).

Gazetecilik Geçmişi
 Star Gazetesi (2003-2006) Yazarı
 ANKA Ajansı (2003-2003) Yönetim Kururlu Başkanı
 Güneş Gazetesi (1989-1991) Genel Yayın Yönetmeni, Ankara Temsilcisi, Yazar
 Sabah Gazetesi (1986-1989, 1991) Ankara Temsilcisi, Yazar
 ANKA Ajansı (1974-1986) Genel Yayın Yönetmeni, Yazı İşleri Müdürü
 Cumhuriyet ve Dünya Gazetelerinde Köşe yazarı
 Devrim Dergisi (1969-1971) Yazı İşleri Müdürü

Ödüller
 İstanbul Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Haber Ödülü (1991)
 Bülent Dikmener Haber Ödülü (1990)
 Örsan Öymen Haber Ödülü (1990)
 Çağdaş Gazeteciler Derneği Ekonomi Ödülü (1979)

Milletvekilliği
 Ankara Milletvekili (21. Dönem / 1999 - 2002)
 Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenterler Meclisi Başkan Yardımcısı
 Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenterler Meclisi ve Batı Avrupa Birliği Asamblesi Türk Grupları Başkanı
 Ankara Milletvekili (20. Dönem / 1995 – 1999)
 TBMM Başkanvekili
 Ankara Milletvekili (19. Dönem / 1991 – 1995)
 Avrupa Güvenlik ve İşbirliği Teşkilatı Başkan Yardımcısı ve Türk Grubu Başkanı
 KİT Komisyonu üyesi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 ODTÜ Akademisyen Listesi
 http://www.ulucgurkan.net/

1945 doğumlular
TBMM 19. dönem Ankara milletvekilleri
TBMM 20. dönem Ankara milletvekilleri
TBMM 21. dönem Ankara milletvekilleri
TBMM Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi Grup Başkanvekilleri
TBMM 20. dönem başkanvekilleri
Talas Amerikan Okulunda öğrenim görenler
Tarsus Amerikan Kolejinde öğrenim görenler
Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
Şanlıurfa doğumlular
Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenter Meclisi Türk Grubu
TBMM Kamu İktisadi Teşebbüsleri Komisyonu
SHP Parti Meclisi üyeleri
Resim aranan siyasetçiler
AGİT Parlamenterler Asamblesi Türk Grubu
Demokratik Sol Parti mensubu siyasetçiler
20. yüzyıl Türk siyasetçileri
Yaşayan insanlar
Türkiye Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Başarı Ödülü sahipleri
Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenter Meclisi Başkan Yardımcıları

Uluç Gürkan


Rahime Perestü Sultan (d. 1826'ya doğru - ö. 1904, Maçka), Osmanlı tarihindeki son Valide Sultandır. Osmanlı padişahı Abdülmecit'in eşi ve II. Abdülhamit'in manevi ve üvey annesiydi.

Kimliği
II. Abdülhamit tahta geçtiğinde valide sultan oldu. II. Abdülhamit'ten sonraki padişahlar tahta geçtikleri zaman anneleri zaten ölmüş oldukları için Osmanlı tarihindeki son Valide Sultan olarak hatırlanır.

Yaşamı
Piristû adı Farsça "kırlangıç (kuşu)" anlamına gelir. Küçük yaşta saraya ailesi tarafından verilen Perestü Kadın Efendinin asıl adı Rahîme olup Çerkeslerin Ubıh boyunun asilzade ailelerinden olan Gogen'lerdendir. Babası Gogen Gök Bey'dir. Kız kardeşi Fatma Hanım da ünlü göz hekimi Mehmet Esat Işık'ın anneannesidir.

Perestü Kadın Efendi II. Abdülhamit'in öz annesi değildir. Ancak II. Abdülhamit daha 10 yaşındayken annesi Tirimüjgan Sultan'ı kaybedince Perestû Hanım onun bakımını üstlendi. 3 yaşında iken annesi Düzdidil Kadınefendi'yi kaybeden Cemile Sultan'ı da o yetiştirdi.

II. Abdülhamit manevi annesini çok severdi. II. Abdülhamit 1876 yılında tahta çıktığı sırada manevi annesi Piristû'dan özellikle siyasete karışmamasını rica etmiş ve ricasını yerine getirdiği takdirde el üstünde tutulacağını ve çok nüfuz sahibi olacağına dair söz vermişti. Perestü da bunu kabul etti ve böylece manevi oğlu tahta geçince Valide Sultan oldu. II. Abdülhamit'ten sonraki padişahlar tahta geçtikleri zaman anneleri zaten ölmüş oldukları için Perestü Kadın Efendi Osmanlı tarihindeki son Valide Sultan olarak hatırlanır.

Hayır işleri
Perestü Kadın Efendi 1891 yılında Topçubaşı Bali Süleyman Ağa'nın hatırasına İstanbul'un Silivrikapı semtinde bulunan Bala Tekkesi Çeşmesini yaptırmıştır. Sapanca Uzunkum'da da bir cami yaptırmıştır.

Perestü Valide Sultan'ın özel hayatına dair çok az kaynak vardır. Ancak torunu Ayşe Sultan'dan giyim kuşam tarzının daha çok alaturka olduğu ve debdeben uzak kaldığı anlaşılıyor.

Ölümü
1904 yılında oğlunun saltanatı devam etmekteyken Maçka'da kendi şahsi sarayı olan Valide Sultan Konağında öldü. Eyüpsultan'da Mihrişah Valide Sultan Türbesi'ne defnedildi.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Ayşe Osmanoğlu (1994) Babam Sultan Abdülhamid (Hatıralarım), İstanbul:Selçuk Yayınları, ISBN 975-95466-5-5.
 Yılmaz Öztuna (1989) Devletler ve Hanedanlar, Ankara
 Çağatay Uluçay (1992) Padişahların kadınları ve kızları, Ankara
 Leyla Açba, (2004) Harem Hatıraları, İstanbul

1820'lerde doğanlar
1904 yılında ölenler
Osmanlı padişah eşleri
Valide sultanlar
Çerkes soylular
Osmanlı köleleri
Osmanlı Çerkesleri
Ubıhlar
II. Abdülhamid

Rahîme Perestû Sultan


Hugh Everett III (; November 11, 1930 – July 19, 1982) was an American physicist who, in his 1957 PhD thesis, proposed what is now known as the many-worlds interpretation (MWI) of quantum mechanics.

In danger of losing his draft deferment, Everett took a research job with the Pentagon the year before completing the oral exam for his PhD and did not continue research in theoretical physics after his graduation. Afterward, he developed the use of generalized Lagrange multipliers for operations research and applied this commercially as a defense analyst and a consultant. He died at the age of 51 in 1982. He is the father of musician Mark Oliver Everett.

Although largely disregarded until near the end of Everett's lifetime, the MWI received more credibility with the discovery of quantum decoherence in the 1970s and has received increased attention in recent decades, becoming one of the mainstream interpretations of quantum mechanics alongside Copenhagen, pilot wave theories, and consistent histories.

Early life and education
Hugh Everett III was born in 1930 and raised in the Washington, D.C. area. His parents separated when he was young. Initially raised by his mother (Katherine Lucille Everett, née Kennedy), he was raised by his father (Hugh Everett, Jr.) and stepmother (Sarah Everett, née Thrift) from the age of seven.

At age 12, Everett wrote a letter to Albert Einstein asking him whether that which maintained the universe was something random or unifying. Einstein responded as follows:

Everett won a half scholarship to St. John's College High School in Washington, D.C. From there, he moved to the nearby Catholic University of America to study chemical engineering as an undergraduate. There, he read about Dianetics in Astounding Science Fiction. Although he never exhibited interest in Scientology (which Dianetics became), he retained a distrust of conventional medicine throughout his life.

During World War II, Everett's father was fighting in Europe as a lieutenant colonel on the general staff. After the war, Everett's father was stationed in West Germany, and Everett joined him in 1949, taking a year off from his undergraduate studies. Father and son were both keen photographers and took hundreds of pictures of West Germany being rebuilt. Reflecting their technical interests, the pictures were "almost devoid of people".

Everett graduated from the Catholic University of America in 1953 with a degree in chemical engineering, although he had completed sufficient courses for a mathematics degree as well.

Princeton
Everett received a National Science Foundation fellowship that allowed him to attend Princeton University for graduate studies. He started his studies at Princeton in the mathematics department, where he worked on the nascent field of game theory under Albert W. Tucker, but slowly drifted into physics. In 1953 he took his first physics courses, notably Introductory Quantum Mechanics with Robert Dicke.

In 1954, Everett took Methods of Mathematical Physics with Eugene Wigner, although he remained active in mathematics and presented a paper on military game theory in December. He passed his general examinations in the spring of 1955, thereby gaining his master's degree, and then started work on his dissertation that would (much) later make him famous. He switched thesis advisor to John Archibald Wheeler sometime in 1955, wrote a couple of short papers on quantum theory, and completed his long paper "Wave Mechanics Without Probability" in April 1956.

In his third year at Princeton, Everett moved into an apartment he shared with three friends he had made during his first year, Hale Trotter, Harvey Arnold and Charles Misner. Arnold later described Everett as follows:

During this time, Everett met Nancy Gore, who typed up his paper "Wave Mechanics Without Probability". He married her the next year. The paper was later retitled "The Theory of the Universal Wave Function".

Wheeler traveled to Copenhagen in May 1956 with the goal of getting a favorable reception for at least part of Everett's work, but in vain. In June 1956 Everett started defense work in the Pentagon's Weapons Systems Evaluation Group  (WSEG). Completing his PhD within a year of starting at WSEG was a job requirement, and in April 1957 he returned briefly to Princeton to defend his thesis. The oral examination took place on April 23. The principal examiners—Wheeler, Bargmann, H. W. Wyld, and Dicke—concluded: "The candidate passed a very good examination. He dealt with a very difficult subject and defended his conclusions firmly, clearly, and logically. He shows marked mathematical ability, keenness in logic analyses, and a high ability to express himself well." With this Everett completed his PhD in physics from Princeton, his doctoral dissertation titled "On the foundations of quantum mechanics".

A short article, which was a compromise between Everett and Wheeler about how to present the many-worlds concept and almost identical to the final version of his thesis, was published in Reviews of Modern Physics, accompanied by a favorable review by Wheeler. Everett was not happy with the article's final form.

Career

On October 23–26, 1956, Everett attended a weapons orientation course managed by Sandia National Laboratories at Albuquerque, New Mexico, to learn about nuclear weapons, and became a fan of computer modeling while there. In 1957, he became director of the WSEG's Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. Much, but not all, of Everett's research at WSEG remains classified. He worked on various studies of the Minuteman missile project, which was then starting, as well as the influential study The Distribution and Effects of Fallout in Large Nuclear Weapon Campaigns.

During March and April 1959, Everett visited Copenhagen at Wheeler's request in order to meet with Niels Bohr, the "father of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics". The visit was a complete disaster; Bohr "rejected Everett's approach as a whole, defending the Copenhagen approach to measurement". The conceptual gulf between their positions was too wide to allow any meeting of minds; Léon Rosenfeld, one of Bohr's devotees, called Everett "undescribably stupid" and said he "could not understand the simplest things in quantum mechanics". Everett later described this experience as "hell...doomed from the beginning".

While in Copenhagen, Everett started work on a new idea to use generalized Lagrange multipliers for mathematical optimization. His theorem, published in 1963, relates the Lagrangian bidual to the primal problem.

In 1962 Everett accepted an invitation to present the relative-state formulation (as it was still called) at a conference on the foundations of quantum mechanics at Xavier University. In his exposition Everett presented his derivation of probability and also stated explicitly that observers in all branches of the wavefunction were equally "real." He also agreed with an observation by Boris Podolsky that "It looks like we would have a non-denumerable infinity of worlds".

In August 1964, Everett and several WSEG colleagues started Lambda Corp. to apply military modeling solutions to various civilian problems. During the early 1970s, defense budgets were curtailed and most money went to operational duties in the Vietnam War, resulting in Lambda eventually being absorbed by the General Research Corp.

In 1973, Everett and Donald Reisler (a Lambda colleague and fellow physicist) left the firm to establish DBS Corporation in Arlington, Virginia. Although the firm conducted defense research (including work on United States Navy ship maintenance optimization and weapons applications), it primarily specialized in "analyzing the socioeconomic effects of government affirmative action programs" as a contractor under the auspices of the Department of Justice and the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. For a while, the company was partially supported by American Management Systems, a business consulting firm that drew upon algorithms Everett developed. He concurrently held a non-administrative vice presidency at AMS and was frequently consulted by the firm's founders.

Everett cultivated an early aptitude for computer programming at IDA and favored the TRS-80 at DBS, where he primarily worked for the rest of his life.

Later recognition
In 1970 Bryce DeWitt wrote an article for Physics Today on Everett's relative-state theory, which he dubbed many-worlds, which prompted a number of letters from physicists. These letters, and DeWitt's responses to the technical objections they raised, were also published. Meanwhile DeWitt, who had corresponded with Everett on the many-worlds / relative state interpretation when it was published in 1957, started editing an anthology on the many-worlds interpretation. In addition to the original articles by Everett and Wheeler, the anthology was dominated by Everett's 1956 paper "The Theory of the Universal Wavefunction", which had never been published before. The book was published late in 1973 and sold out completely. In 1976 an article on Everett's work appeared in the science fiction magazine Analog.

In 1977, Everett was invited to give a talk at a conference Wheeler had organized at Wheeler's new location at the University of Texas at Austin. As with the Copenhagen visit, Everett vacationed from his defense work and traveled with his family. Everett met DeWitt there for the first and only time. His talk was quite well received and influenced a number of physicists in the audience, including Wheeler's graduate student David Deutsch, who later promoted the many-worlds interpretation to a wider audience. Everett, who "never wavered in his belief in his many-worlds theory", enjoyed the presentation; it was the first time in years he had talked about his quantum work in public. But he did little to promote his theory, saying he "had washed my hands of the whole affair in 1956". Wheeler started the process of returning Everett to a physics career by establishing a new research institute in California, but nothing came of that proposal. In 1980, Wheeler said he thought the theory "creates too great a load of metaphysical baggage to carry along".

Death and legacy

At age 51, Everett died suddenly of a heart attack at home in his bed on the night of July 18–19, 1982. His obesity, frequent chain-smoking and alcohol drinking almost certainly contributed to this, although he seemed healthy at the time. A committed atheist, he had asked that his remains be disposed of in the trash. His wife first kept his ashes in an urn, but after a few years she complied with his wishes. Of Everett's death, his son, Mark Oliver Everett, later said:

Of the companies Everett initiated, only Monowave Corporation still existed , in Seattle. It is managed by co-founder Elaine Tsiang, who received a PhD in physics under Bryce DeWitt at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill before working for DBS as a programmer.

Everett's daughter, Elizabeth, died by suicide in 1996, and his wife died of cancer in 1998. Everett's son, Mark Oliver Everett, is also known as "E" and is the main singer and songwriter for the band Eels. The Eels album Electro-Shock Blues, written during the late 1990s, reflects these deaths.

Mark Everett explored his father's work in the hour-long BBC television documentary Parallel Worlds, Parallel Lives. The program was edited and shown on the Public Broadcasting Service's Nova series in the USA in 2008. In the program, Mark says he was unaware of his father's status as a brilliant and influential physicist until his death.

See also

 Everett phone

Notes

References

Many-worlds sources

   The original and most comprehensive paper on many-worlds. Investigates and recasts the foundations of quantum theory in information theoretic terms, before moving on to consider the nature of interactions, observation, entropy, irreversible processes, classical objects etc.

   A study of the painful three-way relationship between Hugh Everett, John A Wheeler and Niels Bohr and how this affected the early development of the many-worlds theory.

Operations research sources

Biographical sources
 The Many Worlds of Hugh Everett III: Multiple Universes, Mutual Assured Destruction, and the Meltdown of a Nuclear Family by Peter Byrne, , Nature review
 Eugene Shikhovtsev's Biography of Everett
 John Archibald Wheeler,  Geons, Black Holes & Quantum Foam, . pp. 268–270
 Interview: Parallel lives can never touch, Mark Oliver Everett talking to Peter Aldhous, New Scientist, 24 November 2007.
 "Are we closer to a 'theory of everything'?"—Susan Watts interview with Stephen Hawking and Mark Oliver Everett, Wednesday, 8 September 2010
 Mark Oliver Everett, Things the Grandchildren Should Know,

External links

 Oral history interview transcript with Hugh Everett in May 1977, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
 The Life of Hugh Everett, lecture by Peter Byrne.

 "Everett's Relative-State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics" – Jeffrey A. Barrett's article on Everett's formulation of quantum mechanics in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Archival collections

 UCIspace @ the Libraries digital collection: Hugh Everett III Manuscripts
 Hugh Everett papers, 1953-1989, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
 Hugh Everett addition to papers, 1935-1991, Niels Bohr Library & Archives

1930 births
1982 deaths
20th-century American mathematicians
20th-century American physicists
American atheists
American operations researchers
Catholic University of America alumni
Princeton University alumni
Thermodynamicists
Philosophers of science
Quantum physicists
Theoretical physicists
20th-century atheists
St. John's College High School alumni
Academics from Washington, D.C.

Hugh Everett III


The Arroyo Seco Parkway, also known as the Pasadena Freeway, is one of the oldest freeways built in the United States. It connects Los Angeles with Pasadena alongside the Arroyo Seco seasonal river. It is notable not only for being an early freeway, mostly opened in 1940, but for representing the transitional phase between early parkways and modern freeways. It conformed to modern standards when it was built, but is now regarded as a narrow, outdated roadway. A 1953 extension brought the south end to the Four Level Interchange in downtown Los Angeles and a connection with the rest of the freeway system.

The road remains largely as it was on opening day, though the plants in its median have given way to a steel guard rail, and most recently to concrete barriers, and it now carries the designation State Route 110, not historic U.S. Route 66. Between 1954 and 2010, it was officially designated the Pasadena Freeway. In 2010, as part of plans to revitalize its scenic value and improve safety, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) restored the original name to the roadway. All the bridges built during parkway construction remain, as do four older bridges that crossed the Arroyo Seco before the 1930s. The Arroyo Seco Parkway is designated a State Scenic Highway, National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark, and National Scenic Byway. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

Route description

The six-lane Arroyo Seco Parkway (part of State Route 110) begins at the Four Level Interchange, a symmetrical stack interchange on the north side of downtown Los Angeles that connects the Pasadena (SR 110 north), Harbor (SR 110 south), Hollywood (US 101 north), and Santa Ana (US 101 south) Freeways. The first interchange is with the north end of Figueroa Street at Alpine Street, and the freeway then meets the north end of Hill Street at a complicated junction that provides access to Dodger Stadium. Beyond Hill Street, SR 110 temporarily widens to four northbound and five southbound lanes as it enters the hilly Elysian Park, where the northbound lanes pass through the four Figueroa Street Tunnels and the higher southbound lanes pass through a cut and over low areas on bridges. One interchange, with Solano Avenue and Amador Street, is located between the first and second tunnels. Just beyond the last tunnel is a northbound left exit and corresponding southbound right entrance for Riverside Drive and the northbound Golden State Freeway (I-5). Immediately after those ramps, the Arroyo Seco Parkway crosses a pair of three-lane bridges over the Los Angeles River just northwest of its confluence with the Arroyo Seco, one rail line on each bank, and Avenue 19 and San Fernando Road on the north bank. A single onramp from San Fernando Road joins SR 110 northbound as it passes under I-5, and a northbound left exit and southbound right entrance connect to the north segment of Figueroa Street. Here the original 1940 freeway, mostly built along the west bank of the Arroyo Seco, begins as the southbound lanes curve from their 1943 alignment over the Los Angeles River into the original alignment next to the northbound lanes.

As the original freeway begins, it passes under an extension to the 1925 Avenue 26 Bridge, one of four bridges over the Arroyo Seco that predate the parkway's construction. A southbound exit and northbound entrance at Avenue 26 complement the Figueroa Street ramps, and similar ramps connect Pasadena to both directions of I-5. SR 110 continues northeast alongside the Arroyo Seco, passing under the A Line light rail and Pasadena Avenue before junctioning Avenue 43 at the first of many folded diamond interchanges that feature extremely tight (right-in/right-out) curves on the exit and entrance ramps. The next interchange, at Avenue 52, is a normal diamond interchange, and soon after is Via Marisol, where the northbound side has standard diamond ramps, but on the southbound side Avenue 57 acts as a folded diamond connection. The 1926 Avenue 60 Bridge is the second original bridge, and is another folded diamond, with southbound traffic using Shults and Benner Streets to connect. The 1895 Santa Fe Arroyo Seco Railroad Bridge (now A Line) lies just beyond, and after that is a half diamond interchange at Marmion Way/Avenue 64 with access towards Los Angeles only. After the freeway passes under the 1912 York Boulevard Bridge, the pre-parkway bridge, southbound connections between the freeway and cross street can be made via Salonica Street. As the Arroyo Seco curves north to pass west of downtown Pasadena, the Arroyo Seco Parkway instead curves east, crossing the stream into South Pasadena. A single northbound offramp on the Los Angeles side of the bridge curves left under the bridge to Bridewell Street, the parkway's west-side frontage road.

As they enter South Pasadena, northbound motorists can see a "City of South Pasadena" sign constructed, in the late 1930s, of stones from the creek bed embedded in a hillside. This final segment of the Arroyo Seco Parkway heads east in a cut alongside Grevelia Street, with a full diamond at Orange Grove Avenue and a half diamond at Fair Oaks Avenue. In between those two streets it crosses under the A Line for the third and final time. Beyond Fair Oaks Avenue, SR 110 curves north around the east side of Raymond Hill and enters Pasadena, where the final ramp, a southbound exit, connects to State Street for access to Fair Oaks Avenue. The freeway, and state maintenance, ends at the intersection with Glenarm Street, but the six- and four-lane Arroyo Parkway, now maintained by the city of Pasadena, continues north as a surface road to Colorado Boulevard (historic U.S. Route 66) and beyond to Holly Street near the Memorial Park A Line station.

Route usage

According to CalTrans in 2016, the average annual daily traffic (AADT) on the Arroyo Seco Parkway was 78,000 car trips at Orange Grove Blvd, 100,000 car trips at Ave 64, and 123,000 car trips at Ave 43.

History

Planning

The Arroyo Seco (Spanish: "dry gulch, or streambed") is an intermittent stream that carries rainfall from the San Gabriel Mountains southerly through western Pasadena into the Los Angeles River near downtown Los Angeles. During the dry season, it served as a faster wagon connection between the two cities than the all-weather road on the present Huntington Drive.

The first known survey for a permanent roadway through the Arroyo was made by T. D. Allen of Pasadena in 1895, and in 1897 two more proposals were made, one for a scenic parkway and the other for a commuter cycleway. The latter was partially constructed and opened by Horace Dobbins, who incorporated the California Cycleway Company and bought a six-mile (10 km) right-of-way from downtown Pasadena to Avenue 54 in Highland Park, Los Angeles. Construction began in 1899, and about  of the elevated wooden bikeway were opened on January 1, 1900, starting near Pasadena's Hotel Green and ending near the Raymond Hotel. The majority of its route is now Edmondson Alley; a toll booth was located near the north end, in the present Central Park. Due to the end of the bicycle craze of the 1890s and the existing Pacific Electric Railway lines connecting Pasadena to Los Angeles, the cycleway did not and was not expected to turn a profit, and never extended beyond the Raymond Hotel into the Arroyo Seco. In the 1900s (decade), the structure was dismantled, and the wood sold for lumber, and the Pasadena Rapid Transit Company, a failed venture headed by Dobbins to construct a streetcar line, acquired the right-of-way.

Due to the rise of the automobile, most subsequent plans for the Arroyo Seco included a roadway, though they differed as to the purpose: some, influenced by the City Beautiful movement, concentrated on the park, while others, particularly those backed by the Automobile Club of Southern California (ACSC), had as their primary purpose a fast road connecting the two cities. The first plan that left the Arroyo Seco in South Pasadena to better serve downtown Pasadena was drawn up by Pasadena City Engineer Harvey W. Hincks in 1916 and supported by the Pasadena Chamber of Commerce and ACSC. Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. and Harland Bartholomew's 1924 Major Street Traffic Plan for Los Angeles, while concentrating on traffic relief, and noting that the Arroyo Seco Parkway would be a major highway, suggested that it be built as a parkway, giving motorists "a great deal of incidental recreation and pleasure". By the mid-1930s, plans for a primarily recreational parkway had been overshadowed by the need to carry large numbers of commuters.

Debates continued on the exact location of the parkway, in particular whether it would bypass downtown Pasadena. In the late 1920s, Los Angeles acquired properties between San Fernando Road and Pasadena Avenue, and City Engineer Lloyd Aldrich began grading between Avenues 60 and 66 in the early 1930s. By June 1932, residents of Highland Park and Garvanza, who had paid special assessments to finance improvement of the park, became suspicious of what appeared to be a road, then graded along the Arroyo Seco's west side between Via Marisol (then Hermon Avenue) and Princess Drive. Merchants on North Figueroa Street (then Pasadena Avenue) also objected, due to the loss of business they would suffer from a bypass. Work stopped while the interested parties could work out the details, although, in late 1932 and early 1933, Aldrich was authorized to grade a cheaper route along the east side between Avenue 35 and Hermon Avenue. To the north, Pasadena and South Pasadena endorsed in 1934 what was essentially Hincks's 1916 plan, but lacked the money to build it. A bill was introduced in 1935 to add the route to the state highway system, and after some debate a new Route 205 was created as a swap for the Palmdale-Wrightwood Route 186, as the legislature had just greatly expanded the system in 1933, and the California Highway Commission opposed a further increase.

Construction

To connect the proposed parkway with downtown Los Angeles, that city improved and extended North Figueroa Street as a four-lane road to the Los Angeles River, allowing drivers to bypass the congested North Broadway Bridge on the existing but underutilized Riverside Drive Bridge. A large part of the project lay within Elysian Park, and four Art Deco tunnels were built through the hills. The first three, between Solano Avenue and the river, opened in late 1931, and the fourth opened in mid-1936, completing the extension of Figueroa Street to Riverside Drive. As with the contemporary Ramona Boulevard east from downtown, grade separations were mostly built only where terrain dictated. For Figueroa Street, this meant that all crossings except College Street (built several years after the extension was completed), where a hill was cut through, were at grade. The Figueroa Street Viaduct, connecting the Riverside Drive intersection with North Figueroa Street (then Dayton Avenue) across the Los Angeles River, opened in mid-1937. Closer to downtown, an interchange was built at Temple Street in 1939.

Although many South Pasadena residents opposed the division of the city that the parkway would bring, the city's voters elected supporters in the 1936 elections. The state, which had the power to put the road where it wished even had South Pasadena continued to oppose it, approved the route on April 4, 1936. The route used the Arroyo Seco's west bank to near Hough Street, where it crossed to the east and cut through South Pasadena to the south end of Broadway (now Arroyo Parkway) in Pasadena. Another project, the Arroyo Seco Flood Control Channel, was built by the Works Progress Administration before and during construction of the parkway to avoid damages from future floods. A number of state engineers toured East Coast roads in early 1938, including Chicago's Lake Shore Drive, full and modified cloverleaf interchanges in Massachusetts and New Jersey, and Robert Moses's parkway system in New York City. The parkway was the first road built in California under a 1939 freeway law that allowed access to be completely limited to a number of specified points. Although, in some areas, it was possible to use a standard diamond interchange, other locations required folded diamonds, or, as the engineers called them, "compressed cloverleafs", where local streets often took the place of dedicated ramps, ending at the parkway with a sharp right turn required to enter or exit. The highway was designed with two  lanes and one  shoulder in each direction, with the wider inside (passing) lanes paved in black asphalt concrete and the outside lanes paved in white Portland cement concrete. The differently-colored lanes would encourage drivers to stay in their lanes. (By mid-1939, the state had decided to replace the shoulders with additional travel lanes for increased capacity; except on a short piece in South Pasadena, these were also paved with Portland cement. So that disabled vehicles could be safely removed from the roadway, about 50 "safety bays" were constructed in 1949 and 1950.) The engineers used a design speed of , superelevating curves where necessary to accomplish this. (The road is now posted at .) Despite the freeway design, many parkway characteristics were incorporated, such as plantings of mostly native flora alongside the road.

Prior to parkway construction, nine roads and two rail lines crossed the Arroyo Seco and its valley on bridges, and a number of new bridges were built as part of the project. Only four of the existing bridges were kept, albeit with some changes: the 1925 Avenue 26 Bridge, the 1926 Avenue 60 Bridge, the 1895 Santa Fe Arroyo Seco Railroad Bridge (now part of the L Line) near Avenue 64, and the 1912 York Boulevard Bridge. The Avenue 43 Bridge would have been kept had the Los Angeles Flood of 1938 not destroyed it. At Cypress Avenue, abutments and a foundation were built for a roadway, but were not used until the 1960s, when a pedestrian bridge was built as part of the Golden State Freeway (I-5) interchange project. In South Pasadena, seven streets and the Union Pacific and Santa Fe railroad lines on a double track combined bridge were carried over the parkway to keep the communities on each side connected.

Construction on the Arroyo Seco Parkway, designed under the leadership of District Chief Engineer Spencer V. Cortelyou and Design Engineer A. D. Griffin, began with a groundbreaking ceremony in South Pasadena on March 22, 1938, and generally progressed from Pasadena southwest. The first contract, stretching less than a mile (1.5 km) from Glenarm Street in Pasadena around Raymond Hill to Fair Oaks Avenue in South Pasadena, and including no bridges, was opened to traffic on December 10, 1938. A 3.7-mile (6.0 km) section opened on July 20, 1940, connecting Orange Grove Avenue in South Pasadena with Avenue 40 in Los Angeles. The remainder in Los Angeles, from Avenue 40 southwest to the Figueroa Street Viaduct at Avenue 22, was dedicated on December 30, 1940, with great fanfare, and opened to the public the following day in time for the Tournament of Roses Parade and Rose Bowl on New Year's Day. However, the highway through South Pasadena was not completed until January 30, 1941, and landscaping work continued through September. The final cost of $5.75 million, under $1 million per mile, was extremely low for a freeway project because the terrain was favorable for grade separations.

The state began upgrading the four-lane North Figueroa Street extension (then part of Route 165) in October 1940 as a "Southerly Extension" of the parkway, even before the parkway was complete. The at-grade intersection with Riverside Drive was already a point of congestion, and the six lanes of parkway narrowing into four lanes of surface street would cause much greater problems. The two-way Figueroa Street Tunnels and Viaduct were repurposed for four lanes of northbound traffic, and a higher southbound roadway was built to the west. From the split with Hill Street south to near the existing College Street overpass, the four-lane surface road became a six-lane freeway. The extension was designed almost entirely on freeway, rather than parkway, principles, as it had to be built quickly to handle existing traffic. The new road split from the old at the Figueroa Street interchange, just south of Avenue 26, and crossed the Los Angeles River and the northbound access to Riverside Drive on a new three-lane bridge. Through Elysian Park, a five-lane open cut was excavated west of the existing northbound tunnel lanes, saving about $1 million. The extension, still feeding into surface streets just south of College Street, was opened to traffic on December 30, 1943, again allowing its use for the New Year's Day festivities.

While the Arroyo Seco Parkway was being built and extended, the region's freeway system was taking shape. The short city-built Cahuenga Pass Freeway opened on June 15, 1940, over a month before the second piece of the Arroyo Seco Parkway was complete. In the next two decades, the Harbor, Hollywood (Cahuenga Pass), Long Beach (Los Angeles River), San Bernardino (Ramona), and Santa Ana Freeways were partially or fully completed to their eponymous destinations, and others were under construction. The centerpiece of the system was the Four Level Interchange just north of downtown Los Angeles, the first stack interchange in the world. Although it was completed in 1949, the structure was not fully used until September 22, 1953, when the short extension of the Arroyo Seco Parkway to the interchange opened. Though the common name used by the public had become "Arroyo Seco Freeway" over the years, it was officially a "Parkway" until November 16, 1954, when the California Highway Commission changed its name to the Pasadena Freeway.

Beginning in June 2010, the state began modifying interchange signs to remove the Pasadena Freeway name and reinstate the Arroyo Seco Parkway name. Signs that indicate route 110 as a "freeway" are being modified to "parkway" or its "Pkwy" abbreviation.

Post-construction

Despite a quadrupling of traffic volumes, the original roadway north of the Los Angeles River largely remains as it was when it opened in 1940. Trucks and buses were banned in 1943, though the bus restriction has since been dropped; this has kept the freeway in good condition and relatively safe, despite its outdated design. This design, state-of-the-art when built, includes tight "right-in/right-out" access with a recommended exit speed of  and stop signs on the entrance ramps; there are no acceleration or deceleration lanes. While the curves are banked for higher speeds, they were designed at half the modern standard. Except for the Golden State Freeway (I-5) interchange near the river, completed in 1962, the few structural changes to the freeway north of the river include the closure of the original southbound exit to Fair Oaks Avenue after its location on a curve proved dangerous and the replacement of shrubs in the  median with a steel and now concrete guard rail. Los Angeles paid for reconstruction of the interchange at Hill Street, south of Elysian Park, in the early 1960s to serve the new Dodger Stadium.  An interchange with Amador Street once had both left and right exits and entrances, it now only has a right exit and entrance.

When the Arroyo Seco Parkway opened, it was the first freeway in the Western United States. It became a new alignment of U.S. Route 66, and the old routing via Figueroa Street and Colorado Boulevard became U.S. Route 66 Alternate. The southern extension over the Los Angeles River to downtown Los Angeles also carried State Route 11 (which remained on the old route when US 66 was moved) and U.S. Routes 6 and 99 (which followed Avenue 26 and San Fernando Road to the northwest). The 1964 renumbering saw US 66 truncated to Pasadena, and SR 11 was moved from Figueroa Street (which became SR 159) to the Pasadena Freeway. Finally, the number was changed to SR 110 in 1981, when SR 11 between San Pedro and the Santa Monica Freeway (I-10) became I-110.

The Arroyo Seco Parkway remains the most direct route between downtown Los Angeles and Pasadena despite its flaws; the only reasonable freeway alternate (which trucks must use) is the Glendale Freeway (SR 2) to the west, which is itself not easily reached by trucks from downtown Los Angeles. The Gold Line light rail, opened in 2003 (now the A Line following Regional Connector's opening) over the former Santa Fe Railway line, provides an alternate mode for commuters. The state legislature designated the original section, north of the Figueroa Street Viaduct, as a "California Historic Parkway" (part of the State Scenic Highway System reserved for freeways built before 1945) in 1993; the only other highway so designated is the Cabrillo Freeway (SR 163) in San Diego. The American Society of Civil Engineers named it a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1999, and it became a National Scenic Byway in 2002 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. Occidental College hosted the "ArroyoFest Freeway Walk and Bike Ride" on Sunday, June 15, 2003, closing the freeway to motor vehicles to "highlight several ongoing or proposed projects within the Arroyo that can improve the quality of life for everyone in the area". The event was held again twenty years later, in October 2023. Over 50,000 attended the event.

Exit list
Mileage is measured from Route 110's southern terminus in San Pedro.

See also

Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad

References

External links

 California Department of Transportation: Route 110 Photo Album
 National Scenic Byways: Arroyo Seco Historic Parkway – Route 110
 Primary Resources – Metro Digital Resources Library: "Arroyo Seco Parkway At 70: The Unusual History Of The "Pasadena Freeway," California Cycleway & Rare Traffic Plan Images"
 Arroyo Seco Foundation (environmental preservation group focused on the Arroyo Seco, including information about the parkway)
 Mark's Highway Page: Pasadena Freeway (many current and several historic photos)
 Travel times
 American Society of Civil Engineers – National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark

Southern California freeways
Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)
Named freeways in California
Roads in Los Angeles County, California
State Scenic Highway System (California)
Transportation in Los Angeles
Transportation in Pasadena, California
U.S. Route 66 in California
History of Los Angeles County, California
Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks
Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in California
National Register of Historic Places in Los Angeles
National Register of Historic Places in Los Angeles County, California
National Register of Historic Places in Pasadena, California
Northeast Los Angeles
San Rafael Hills
Historic districts in Los Angeles
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in California
National Scenic Byways

Arroyo Seco Parkway


Yuto Ono (født 28. september 1991) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub FC Gifu.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yuto Ono


Gary Wilson () este un jucător englez de snooker.

A fost finalist în 2015 la Openul Chinei. În 2019, s-a calificat în prima semifinală a carierei la Campionatul Mondial. Wilson a realizat breakul maxim de patru ori în carieră. În decembrie 2022, la 37 de ani, a obținut primul trofeu al carierei într-un turneu de clasament după victoria din finala Openului Scoțian.

În perioada în care și-a pierdut statutul de profesionist, a practicat taximetria în Newcastle.

Finalele carierei

Turnee de clasament: 3 (1 titlu)

Invitaționale: 2 (1 titlu)

Turnee pe echipe: 1

Finale la amatori: 4 (3 titluri)

Note

Legături externe

Gary Wilson la worldsnooker.com

Nașteri în 1985
Nașteri pe 11 august
Jucători de snooker
Oameni în viață
Sportivi englezi

Gary Wilson


Mikro işlemciler bellekte saklanan belli bit dizilerine göre işlemler yapmak için tasarlanmışlardır. Bu bit dizilerine komut denir. Her mikro işlemci imal edilirken, bellekten hangi bit dizisini okuduğunda hangi işlemi yapacağı belirlenir. Mikro işlemci üreticilerinin ve mimarilerinin farklı olması her işlemci ailesinin (Intel x86, DEC Alpha, PowerPC gibi) yeni komutlara sahip olması sonucunu doğurmaktadır; yani tüm mikro işlemcilerin okuyup işlem yapabilecekleri evrensel bir komut kümesi yoktur.

Öte yandan, genel olarak bakıldığında bir mikro işlemcinin çalışmasını sağlayan komutları kabaca üç sınıfa ayırabiliriz:
 Aritmetik komutlar,
 Girdi/çıktı komutları,
 Kontrol komutları.

Aritmetik komutlar bellekte saklanan veri üzerinde çeşitli aritmetik ve mantıksal işlemler yapılmasını sağlarlar (toplama, çıkarma, mantıksal ve işlemi, sağa ve sola bit kaydırma işlemleri gibi). Girdi/çıktı komutları işlemcinin dış birimlerle bağlantısını sağlayan girdi/çıktı kapılarını (port) kontrol eder. Kontrol komutları ise mikro işlemcinin iç durumunu değiştiren komutlardır (programın devam edeceği yeri değiştirme, aritmetik işlemlerde yardımcı olan kütükleri değiştirme, 'stack pointer' işlemleri gibi). Her mikro işlemcinin komut kümesinde bu üç türden komutlar mutlaka bulunacak, ancak komutların hangi bit dizilerine karşılık geldikleri, işlemlerin nasıl yürütüldüğü farklı olacaktır.

Komut

Mikroişlemci komutları


MIUI es una capa de personalización para teléfonos inteligentes basada en Android desarrollada por Xiaomi, se destaca porque tiene una versión global y versión china, la cual se caracteriza por no tener idioma multilenguaje cosa que la primera sí tiene. Ambas versiones están basadas en Android.

Es pronunciado [mi.iú.ái], como en inglés "Me You I", coincidente con "My ", "mi interfaz de usuario") Cuenta con una interfaz de usuario muy modificada de Android siendo parecida a iOS la cual incluye funciones adicionales que no se encuentran en otras versiones stock, incluyendo conmutadores en la ventana de notificaciones, nuevas aplicaciones como el reproductor de música, la galería de imágenes o la cámara de fotos, etcétera.

Desarrollo
Actualmente existen dos ramas de MIUI, una estable y otra "weekly". Las interacciones de la primera rama son lanzadas de forma mensual, incluyendo todas las mejoras ya funcionales que se han ido probando en las versiones "weekly", esta última se corresponde con la rama enfocada a "beta testers" o usuarios avanzados, los cuales prueban las nuevas funcionalidades y reportan los errores, esta rama es actualizada semanalmente a través de actualizaciones OTA (Over The Air) Aunque hay que destacar que tanto la versión "weekly" como la versión estable contienen gran cantidad de errores debido a la cantidad masiva de teléfonos inteligentes que Xiaomi lanza cada año.

Las actualizaciones, por lo general, son liberadas todos los jueves, en las versiones China Beta y Global Beta (aunque antes de estas suelen haber betas cerradas a determinados usuarios para intentar corregir errores graves en esta ROM llamada versión "Nigthly" (China Nigthly ROM , Global Nigthly ROM). MIUI entonces es traducido y portado a versiones no oficiales en otros idiomas por desarrolladores independientes. La lista de traducciones se puede encontrar en el sitio oficial de MIUI.

Aparte de las actualizaciones del sistema, MIUI incluye aplicaciones propietarias que actúan de forma similar a las incluidas en otras plataformas, como la de Samsung o Huawei, estas aplicaciones tratan de servir como segunda opción a las aplicaciones de Google, que también vienen incluidas por defecto.

Debido al hecho de que MIUI es desarrollado en China, algunas características que no son relevantes para el mercado chino, como el soporte de WiMax, no están disponibles en MIUI. Dadas las críticas al intento de mantener propietario un kernel que es modificación del kernel Linux, lo que viola la GPL 2.x, el código fuente de ciertos componentes fue liberado entre 2013 y 2015 publicado en GitHub.

Historia y críticas
MIUI 1

Esta primera versión fue inaugurada el 16 de agosto del 2010, trabajo realizado por 100 seguidores del Android y que querían crear una versión más optimizada y sencilla de usar.

MIUI 2

Siguió mejorando, agregando más actualizaciones y más funciones que mejoraban la experiencia del usuario, estando esta vez en más dispositivos móviles y esto ofrecía una personalización más profunda del terminal.

MIUI 3

Esta versión estuvo basada en Android 2.3; esta versión fue el apogeo de MIUI, dominando las ROMs, esta ofrecía una personalización completa del dispositivo móvil, mejorando su calidad al frente de los usuarios.

MIUI 4

Esta versión fue un boom en el sistema, ya que estaba basado en Android 4.0, introdujo un conjunto de aplicaciones llamadas "Mi Apps" en la cual se integraban antivirus, a diferencia de la versión pura de Android.

MIUI 5

MIUI 6

La interfaz fue rediseñada, se rediseñaron iconos, se incluyeron aplicación y funciones que no contaban los anteriores MIUI, por primera vez, agregaron su primer lema "MIUI Visualmente impresionando, increíblemente simple".

MIUI 7

Aproximadamente un año después del lanzamiento de la MIUI 6, se lanzó la MIUI 7. Contaba con 4 temas predeterminados, para los usuarios más generalizados, se agregó el texto extra grande. Los cambios más notables fue el la optimización del móvil y la gestión de RAM.

MIUI 8

Esta versión posee dos escritorios con su propio patrón y bloqueo muy diferentes uno del otro, un editor de vídeos disponible en la galería, un tema propio de MIUI 8 y una adaptabilidad a las grandes pantallas que estaban saliendo al momento.

MIUI 9

MIUI 10

Esta versión del MIUI 10 nos ofrece una mejora exponencial en la optimización y la gestión de RAM, es una versión que se lanzó para adaptarse a los nuevos Teléfonos inteligentes de pantalla completa que están dominando el mercado, buscando mejorar la experiencia del usuario con estas pantallas.

Desde los inicios Xiaomi ha incluido publicidad en su software, mayoritariamente a través de las aplicaciones del sistema o del "App vault" o bóveda de aplicaciones (similar a Google Feed), la cual se puede eliminar de la pantalla. Xiaomi se justificó indicando que era una práctica que les permitía vender sus terminales a un precio más reducido, siendo el cuarto mayor fabricante de teléfonos inteligentes. Aunque su media de precio por sus terminales ha aumentado, al igual que ha disminuido la cantidad de publicidad, la cual es prácticamente inexistente en versiones de la región de Europa, sigue vendiendo sus terminales a un precio reducido, con lo cual primordialmente generan ganancias a través de los servicios y venta de accesorios.

Ejemplos como el Mi Note 10, un terminal que su precio de salida fue de 999€ y sin embargo traía publicidad como cualquier otro terminal de la compañía, ha acarriado numerosas críticas, lo cual ha forzado a la compañía a dar su brazo a torcer y reducir la cantidad de recomendaciones, como en la versión de MIUI 11 de India, la cual viene liberada de publicidad, o las opciones para desactivar dichas recomendaciones en las versiones Globales.

MIUI 11

Versión reconocida por su minoría de uso de recursos y una interfaz sencilla, tirando hacia Android Oreo, pero más moderna.

La última versión de MIUI 11 esta basada en el sistema operativo Android 10.

MIUI 12

Reconocida en general por su cambios de interfaz y la añadicion de más características base.

La última versión de MIUI 12 esta basada en el sistema operativo Android 10.

MIUI 12.5

Actualización intermedia de MIUI 12 dedicada a la mejora del sistema operativo en general, con ciertas limitaciones en la actualización, cuales serían exclusivas a MIUI 12.5 Enhanced Edition.

La última versión de MIUI 12.5 esta basada en el sistema operativo Android 11 incluso sin contar con MIUI Enhanced.

MIUI 12.5 (ENHANCED EDITION)

Versión para corregir errores de MIUI 12.5.

La versión Global de MIUI 12.5 Enhanced Edition trae consigo cuatro importantes novedades. La primera de ella ha sido bautizada como almacenamiento líquido, la cual se centra en mejorar el grado de fragmentación y se trata de una mejora en el grado de fragmentación. Gracias a ello se consigue reducir el número de lecturas y escrituras en el almacenamiento, aumentando así la vida útil del dispositivo.

Además, Xiaomi ha incorporado en esta nueva actualización memoria atómica, un sistema capaz de dar prioridad a ciertas tareas a fin de liberar uso del procesador y de la memoria RAM. Todo ello se combina con cálculo de enfoque, el cual es capaz de priorizar el proceso más obvio a utilizar por el usuario.

Eso si, a diferencia de la versión dirigida a China, MIUI 12.5 Enhanced Edition Global no traerá consigo lo que Xiaomi ha denominado como equilibrio inteligente, un algoritmo encargado de equilibrar el rendimiento y el consumo de energía.

La última versión de MIUI 12.5 Enhanced Edition esta basada en el sistema operativo Android 11.

MIUI 13

Bien con cambios estéticos hacen que sea más entretenido y mejor manejable y mejoras en el rendimiento .

La última versión de MIUI 13 esta basada en el sistema operativo Android 12.

MIUI 13.1

Versión de Xiaomi que supondrá mejoras generales post-actualización.

Esta estará basada en Android 12 o 13.

MIUI 13.2

Versión estable con alguna mejora más que MIUI 13.1 basada en Android 13.

MIUI 14

Versión confirmada de Xiaomi sucesora de MIUI 13.1. Supondrá ciertas mejoras.

La primera versión de MIUI 14 estará basada en el sistema operativo Android 12 y 13.

Es la ultima versión de MIUI hasta la fecha, ya que va a ser reemplazado por HyperOS.

Dispositivos soportados
 Acer liquid, Elephone P5000
 HTC Desire
 HTC Desire HD
 HTC Desire S
 HTC Desire Z
 HTC Droid Incredible
 HTC EVO 4G
 HTC HD2 Leo
 HTC Incredible S
 HTC Sensation
 HTC One S
 HTC One X
 HTC EVO 3D
 Lenovo A850
 Motorola Defy
 Motorola Milestone
 Motorola Razr MAXX
 Motorola Atrix 2
 Nexus One
 Nexus S
 Nexus 7
 Nook Color
 Sony Ericsson Xperia Neo/Neo V
 Sony Ericsson Xperia S
 Sony Xperia Arc S
 ZTE Grand X U970
 Sony Xperia V
 Sony Xperia M2

Todos los dispositivos Xiaomi  (Incluyendo la gama MI y Redmi), por ejemplo:
 Xiaomi Mi One
 Xiaomi Mi Two/2S
 Xiaomi MI Three
 Xiaomi Hongmi Red Rice
 Xiaomi Mi 3
 Xiaomi MI4
 Xiaomi Mi 4i
 Xiaomi Mi 5/5S/5C/5X
 Xiaomi Mi 6
 Xiaomi Mi 8/Explorer/SE/Pro/Lite/
 Xiaomi Mi 9/SE/T/Explorer
 Xiaomi Mi Play
 Xiaomi Mi Note/Note Pro
 Xiaomi Mi Note 2
 Xiaomi Mi Note 3
 Xiaomi Mi Max
 Xiaomi Mi Max 2
 Xiaomi Mi Max 3
 Xiaomi Mi MIX
 Xiaomi Mi MIX 2/2S
 Xiaomi Mi MIX 3/3 5G
 Xiaomi Redmi/1S
 Xiaomi Redmi Note/Prime
 Xiaomi Redmi 2/2 Pro/2 Prime
 Xiaomi Redmi Note 2
 Xiaomi Redmi 3
 Xiaomi Redmi Note 3/MediaTek
 Xiaomi Redmi 4/4A/4X
 Xiaomi Redmi Note 4/MediaTek
 Xiaomi Redmi 5/5A/5A Prime/5 Plus
 Xiaomi Redmi Note 5
 Xiaomi Redmi S2
 Xiaomi Redmi 6/6A no
 Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro
 Xiaomi Redmi 7/7A
 Xiaomi Redmi Note 7/7 Pro
 Xiaomi Redmi K20/K20 Pro
 Pocophone F1
 Poco F2
 Poco X3 NFC
 Xiaomi Redmi Note 8/8 Pro
 Xiaomi Redmi 8/8A
 Xiaomi Pocophone F2
 Xiaomi Mi 9 Lite
 Xiaomi Mi 9 SE
 Xiaomi Mi 9
 Xiaomi Mi 9T / K20
 Xiaomi Mi 9T Pro / K20 Pro
 Xiaomi Redmi 9
 Xiaomi Redmi Note 9
 Xiaomi Redmi Note 9 Pro
 Xiaomi Mi 10 Lite
 Xiaomi Mi 10 Pro
 Xiaomi Mi Note 10 Lite
 Xiaomi Mi Note 10
 Xiaomi Mi 10T Lite
 Xiaomi Redmi 9T
redmi 9c

Xiaomi Mi A

Xiaomi lanzó al mercado un teléfono inteligente llamado Xiaomi MI One, con MIUI preinstalado de fábrica. Un dispositivo con el que se ganó una memorable comunidad. Desde entonces, casi todos los modelos de Xiaomi han incluido MIUI (excepto la serie A, que salió al mercado con Android One).

Se trata de una serie de 4 dispositivos, desde el Mi A1 hasta el Mi A3 que siguen el programa "Android One" de Google, es decir, Android es un estado más puro y con actualizaciones más frecuentes.
Lo único donde Xiaomi metía de su ecosistema era en la aplicación de Cámara de MIUI con una interfaz heredada de Xiaomi.

Véase también
 MIUI for POCO
 Replicant

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Android
Sistemas operativos móviles
Xiaomi Tech
Linux embebido
Firmware
Teléfonos inteligentes

MIUI


DBU Pokalen 2017-18 var den 64. udgave af DBU Pokalen. Finalen bliver spillet i Telia Parken Kristi Himmelfartsdag d. 10. maj 2018.

Vinderen vil træde ind i Europa League, 2. kvalifikationsrunde. Hvis vinderen samtidig bliver dansk mester, kvalificerer klubben sig imidlertid til UEFA Champions League-kvalifikation i stedet. Pokalvinderens plads vil i stedet tilfalde nummer 2 i Superligaen.

Struktur

I 1. runde vil der være 88 hold. 52 kommer fra kvalifikationskampene blandt serieholdene i sæsonen 2016-17 hos DBU Bornholm (1 hold), DBU Fyn (8 hold), DBU Jylland (19 hold) DBU København (8 hold), DBU Lolland-Falster (3 hold) og DBU Sjælland (13 hold). 24 hold kommer fra 2. division 2016-17. 10 hold kommer fra 1. division 2016-17. De sidste 2 hold er nedrykkerne fra Superligaen 2016-17.

I 2. runde vil der være 52 hold. 44 af dem er vinderne fra 1. runde. 6 hold fra Superligaen 2016-17. De sidste 2 hold er oprykkerne fra 1. division 2016-17.

I 3. runde vil der være 32 hold. 26 af dem er vinderne fra 2. runde. De sidste 6 hold er nr. 1-6 fra Superligaen 2016-17.

Herefter træder ingen nye hold ind.

Deltagere

101 hold er med i DBU Pokalen. Alle divisionshold fra sæsonen 2016-17 er automatisk med i pokalturneringen, mens tilmeldte seriehold spillede kvalifikationskampe for at komme med. FC Svendborg deltager ikke i pokalturneringen, da klubben er gået konkurs.

Det lavestrangerende seriehold fra sæsonen 2016-17, som når længst, får 100.000 kr. Denne sæson var det VB 1968 fra Serie 1, der sammen med en masse andre seriehold blev slået ud i 3. runde. Men da VB 1968 var det lavest rangeret hold, får klubben de 100.000 kr.

Alka Superligaen

NordicBet Liga

2. division

Seriehold, Bornholm

Seriehold, Fyn

Seriehold, Jylland

Seriehold, København

Seriehold, Lolland-Falster

Seriehold, Sjælland

Første runde
I turneringens første runde er holdene opdelt i en Vest- og Øst-pulje. I Vest-puljen deltager 47 hold, der igen er opdelt i to puljer, "Fyn/Jylland-puljen" og "Jylland-puljen". Øst-puljen består af 40 hold, der er opdelt i to puljer "København/Bornholm-puljen" og "Sjælland/Lolland/Falster-puljen".

Lodtrækningen fandt sted mandag den 26. juni 2017.

Vest, Jylland

Nørresundby er oversidder i 1. runde.

Vest, Fyn/Jylland

Øst, København/Bornholm

Øst, Sjælland/Lolland/Falster

Anden runde
Holdene deles op i 2 lige store puljer, hhv. Øst og Vest. Da der var flere Vest-hold end Øst-hold er 5 fynske hold rykket over i Øst-puljen. Det drejser sig om B1913, Dalum, OB, Næsby og Otterup.

Lodtrækningen fandt sted fredag d. 11. august 2017.. Lodtrækningen tilrettelagdes således, at klubberne i Superligaen ikke kunne møde hinanden, samt så vidt muligt således, at klubberne udenfor Herre-DM ikke kunne møde hinanden.

Vest

Øst

Tredje runde
I 3. runde træder nummer 1-6 fra Superligaen 2016-17 ind i DBU Pokalen og sammen med de 26 vindere fra 2. runde vil der være 32 hold. Lodtrækningen tilrettelagdes således, at klubberne i Superligaen ikke kunne møde hinanden, samt så vidt muligt således, at klubberne udenfor Herre-DM ikke kunne møde hinanden.

Lodtrækningen fandt sted mandag d. 4. september 2017..

Fjerde runde
Lodtrækningen fandt sted d. 25. september 2017.

Kvartfinaler
Lodtrækningen fandt sted onsdag den 6. december 2017.

Semifinaler
Der blev trukket lod den 12. april 2018.

Finale

Henvisninger

Noter

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Oversigt over deltagere i DBU Pokalen
 DBU Pokalen på DBU's hjemmeside
 Kvalifikationskampe, Bornholm
 Kvalifikationskampe, Fyn
 Kvalifikationskampe, Jylland
 Kvalifikationskampe, København
 Kvalifikationskampe 1. runde, Lolland/Falster
 Kvalifikationskampe 2. runde, Lolland/Falster
 Kvalifikationskampe 3. runde, Lolland/Falster
 Kvalifikationskampe, Sjælland

2017-18
Fodboldsæson 2017-18
2017-18

DBU Pokalen 2017-18


Afrika
 Aksumitisches Reich
 König: Nezool (ca. 450–ca. 500)

 Reich der Vandalen
 König: Geiserich (428–477)

Amerika
 Maya
 Palenque
 König: Casper II. (435–487)
 Tikal
 König: Siyaj Chan K'awiil II. (411–458)

Asien
 China
 Kaiser: Yuanxiong (452–454)
 Kaiser: Song Xiaowudi (454–464)
 Nördliche Wei-Dynastie: Wen Cheng (452–465)

 Iberien (Kartlien)
 König: Wachtang I. Gorgassali (452–502)

 Indien
 Gupta-Reich
 König: Kumaragupta I. (415–455)
 Kadamba
 König: Santi Farman (450–475)
 Pallava
 König: Simha Varman II. (438–460)
 Vakataka
 König: Narendrasena (440–460)

 Japan
 Kaiser: Ankō (453–456)

 Korea
 Baekje
 König: Biyu (427–454)
 König: Gaero (454–475)
 Gaya
 König: Jilji (451–492)
 Goguryeo
 König: Jangsu (413–490)
 Silla
 König: Nulji (417–458)

 Sassanidenreich
 Schah (Großkönig): Yazdegerd II. (438–457)

Europa
 Weströmisches Reich
 Kaiser: Valentinian III. (425–455)
 Konsul: Flavius Studius (454)

 Oströmisches Reich
 Kaiser: Markian (450–457)
 Konsul: Flavius Aetius (454)

 Hunnen
 König: Ellac (453–454)

 Ostgotenreich
 König: Valamir (447–465)

 Reich der Burgunden
 König: Gundioch (436–470)

 Reich der Sueben
 König: Rechiar (448–456)

 Salfranken
 König: Merowech (ca. 450–458)

 Westgotenreich
 König: Theoderich II. (453–466)

Religiöse Führer
 Papst: Leo der Große (440–461)
 Patriarch von Konstantinopel: Anatolios (449–458)

Liste der Staatsoberhäupter 454


La classe Vela est une classe de sous-marins de la marine indienne, variante des sous-marins soviétiques de classe Foxtrot. Le dernier navire de la classe a été désarmé par la marine indienne en décembre 2010.

L' devrait être préservé en tant que navire musée au Tamil Nadu, bien que le processus ait été en proie à des problèmes et soit actuellement en attente.

Navires de la classe

Notes et références

Liens externes
 THE SUBMARINE ARM
 Submarine Arm preamble

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des sous-marins de l'Inde
 classe Foxtrot

Classe de sous-marin de la Marine indienne
Classe Foxtrot

Classe Vela


Illimani,  And Dağları'nda Bolivya 'nın bir yanardağı. 6.439 m yükseklikle Bolivya'nın en yüksek ikinci ve Cordillera Real'in en yüksek dağıdır. Illimani, en yükseği Pico Sur olan 6000 m üzerinde beş zirveye sahiptir. Dağa ilk tırmanmayı başaran, 1898 yılında ingiliz William Martin Conway'dir. 1972 'de Ernesto Sanchez ve Alain Mesili altı gün içinde ilk defa Illimani-Masif'ini aşmayı başarmışlardır.

Kızılderili efsanesine göre, Mururata Dağı, Illimani'nin büyüklüğüne üstün gelmeye çalışmış. Illimani kızgın bir şekilde bu karlarla örtülü başı koparmış. Ayrılmış baş o zamandan beri 200 km daha batıda, sönmüş volkan Sajama şeklinde bulunurmuş.

Başlangıç noktası (normal rota): La Paz'dan Zona Sur üzerinden Cuesta de las Ánimas 'a (3.950 m) ve daha ileride Ventilla ve Palka üzerinden Estancia Una 'ya (3.800 m). Estancia Una 'dan çoğunlukla taşıyıcılar veya yük hayvanlarıyla ana kamp Puente roto 'ya (4.440 m).

Altıbinlikler
Andlar
Bolivya'daki yanardağlar

Illimani


මහගමගේ  සමරසේකර - මහගම සේකර (1929 අප්‍රියෙල් මස 7 – 1976 ජනවාරි මස 14) ශ්‍රී ලංකාවෙන් බිහිවුණු අග්‍රගණ්‍ය කලාකරුවෙකු වශයෙන් සැලකේ. ඔහු කවියකු, ගීත රචකයකු, නවකතා කරුවෙකු, කෙටි කතා කරුවෙකු, නාට්‍ය රචකයකු සහ චිත‍්‍රපට අධ්‍යක්ෂකයෙකු වශයෙන් සුපතළ විය.
ඔහු වැඩි වශයෙන්ම ප්‍රසිද්ධ වූයේ සිංහල ගීත රචකයෙකු වශයෙනි. සිංහල නිසඳැස් පද්‍ය කලාවේ ඔහු සුවිශේෂී සලකුණක් තැබුවේය.

ළමා කාලය
මහගමසේකර 1929 අප්‍රේල් මස 7වන දින ගම්පහ, රදාවානේ දී උපත ලබන ලදී.ඔහු ඉගෙනුම ලැබුවේ රදාවාන රජයේ පිරිමි පාසලේය.ඔහුගේ බොහෝ නිර්මාණ සඳහා තම කුඩා කාලය තුළ ලැබූ අත්දැකීම් වස්තු විෂය කරගනු ලැබීය.
උදා: තුංමංහන්දිය නවකතාව

මහගම සේකර ගේ චිත‍්‍ර නිර්මාණ
මහගම සේකර ගේ චිත‍්‍ර නිර්මාණ විග‍්‍රහයේ පහසුව තකා කොටස් කීපයකට බෙදා දැක්විය හැකි ය. ඒ
(1) ප‍්‍රදර්ශන සඳහා ඉදිරිපත් කළ චිත‍්‍ර
(2) තුංමං හංදිය සඳහා නිර්මාණය කළ චිත‍්‍ර
(3) පුවත්පත් කාටුන්
(4) පොත් කංචුක නිර්මාණ
(5) ඉලස්ටේ‍්‍රෂන් (සන්නිදර්ශන)
(6) බතික් නිර්මාණ
(7) එම්බ්‍රොයිඩර් නිර්මාණ
(8) පෝස්ටර් යනාදි වශයෙනි..

ප්‍රකාශන

අනුවාද
 ධවල සේනාංකය - (1956)
ශ්‍රීමත් ආතර් කොනන් ඩොයිල්ගේ "ද වයිට් කම්පනි" නම් කෘතියේ අනුවාදයකි

ළමා සාහිත්‍ය
 පුංචි අයට කයි කතන්දර - (1958)
 සරු පොළවක් අපට ඇතේ - (1973)
 කොටි වලිගය - (1990)

කාව්‍ය
 ව්‍යංගා (කේ. ජයතිලක සමඟ) - (1960)
 සක්වා ලිහිණී - (1962)
 හෙට ඉරක් පායයි - (1963)
 මක්නිසාද යත් - (1964)
 රාජතිලක ලයනල් සහ ප්‍රියන්ත - (1967)
 බෝඩිම - (1970)
 නොමියෙමි - (1973)
 ප්‍රබුද්ධ - (1977)

නාට්‍ය
 සද්දන්ත සහ තවත් නාටක - (1961)
 මූදු පුත්තු (ගුණසේන ගලප්පත්ති සමඟ) - (1964)
 හංස ගීතය සහ වෙනත් නිර්මාණ - (1985)

නවකතා
 තුංමංහංදිය - (1967)
 මනෝමන්දිර - (1972)

කෙටිකතා
 මහගම සේකරගේ  කතා සහ චිත්‍ර - (1981) මන් තනන්නෝ
 පීතර
 පුතාට කාර් එකක්

ගීත රචනා
 ඈත ගව් ගණන් දුරින්
 මා මළ පසු සොහොන් කොතේ
 ඔබේ නමින් සෑය බදිමි
 පාළු අදුරු ලිය අහස මමයි
 මේ සිංහල අපගේ රටයි
 රත්න දීප ජන්ම භූමි

චිත්‍රපට තිර රචනා
 තුංමං හංදිය තිර රචනය - (1993)

ශාස්ත්‍රීය
 සිංහල ගද්‍ය පද්‍ය නිර්මාණයන්හී රිද්ම ලක්ණhg - (2001)

සම්මාන
1966 සරසවි චිත්‍රපටි සම්මාන උළෙල - හොඳම ගීත පද රචක සම්මානය, "සාර විට" චිත්‍රපටිය වෙනුවෙන් "මේ සිංහල අපගෙ රටයි" ගීතය
1968 - සරසවි චිත්‍රපටි සම්මාන උළෙල - හොඳම ගීත පද රචක සම්මානය, "සත් සමුදුර" චිත්‍රපටිය වෙනුවෙන් "සිනිඳු සුදු මුදු තලාවේ" ගීතය
1970 - සරසවි චිත්‍රපටි සම්මාන උළෙල - හොඳම ගීත පද රචක සම්මානය, "බිනරමලී" චිත්‍රපටිය වෙනුවෙන් "රටකින් රටකට පාර අසාගෙන" ගීතය

මේවාද බලන්න
 සත්‍යකාම නම් වෙමි

මූලාශ්‍ර

බාහිර සබැඳි
මහගම සේකර නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය
මහගම සේකර
සම්ප්‍රදාය රුකුලක් කරගත් කලාකරුවා
පතිරූපකවියකු කියවමු මහගම සේකර ගුණසමරුව නිමිත්තෙනි

චරිත කතා
සේකර, මහගම
සේකර, මහගම
ශ්‍රී ලංකික කවියෝ
ශ්‍රී ලාංකික බෞද්ධයෝ
ලාංකික සිංහලයෝ

මහගම සේකර


Andrea Marfori (* 21. Oktober 1958 in Verona) ist ein italienischer Dokumentarfilmer, Filmregisseur und Drehbuchautor.

Leben
Nach einem Abschluss in Philosophie an der Universität Bologna 1982 besuchte Marfori das Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia und er warb ein Diplom als Filmeditor. 1984 gründete er mit Agnese Fontana und Marco Isoli die Produktionsgesellschaft "Formar" und widmete sich an verschiedenen Instituten der Lehre der filmischen Sprache. Er legte zahlreiche Dokumentationen vor und schnitt Kurzfilme; für das Radio entstand die Reihe "Vite parallele". 1988 entstand sein Debütfilm fürs Kino, der selbst geschriebene Evil Clutch, ein günstig produzierter Horrorfilm mit den damals üblichen blutigen Effekten. Weitere Arbeiten fertigte Marfori auch für das Fernsehen.

Im neuen Jahrtausend war Marfori hauptsächlich für das Theater tätig; so inszenierte er 2009 Dopo i calci di rigore.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1988: Evil Clutch – Die Rückkehr der Dämonen (Il bosco 1)
 1990: Perduta
 1993: Il ritmo del silenzio
 1994: Energy!!! The movie'
 2015: The Unfortunate Life Of Georgina Spelvin Chained To A Radiator (Kurzfilm)
 2016: Soviet Zombie Invasion
 2018: Quest of Fear

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Dokumentarfilmer
Filmregisseur
Drehbuchautor
Filmeditor
Italiener
Geboren 1958
Mann

Andrea Marfori


Gerhard Kaldewei (* 15. Juli 1951 in Hamm/Westfalen) ist ein deutscher Historiker.

Leben
Er studierte Geschichte und Museumspädagogik in Münster und Hildesheim, wo er 1988 promoviert wurde. Ab 1983 leitete er unter anderem Museen in Enger und war von 1994 bis 2011 Direktor des Nordwestdeutschen Museums für IndustrieKultur in Delmenhorst. Er ist seit 2007 Honorarprofessor an der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg.

Gerhard Kaldewei veröffentlichte zahlreiche Bücher und Aufsätze zur nordwestdeutschen Industrie- und Sozialgeschichte.

Schriften
 mit Sönke Ehmen und Hans-Hermann Precht: Das Fabrikmuseum Nordwolle Delmenhorst. Oldenburg 2002.
 "... wenn Delmenhorst nicht ganz und gar in Verruf kommen soll". Zur Geschichte und Zukunft der Delmenhorster Industriekultur. In: Hans-Heinrich Bass (Hrsg.): Facetten volkswirtschaftlicher Forschung. Festschrift für Karl Marten Barfuß. Lit, Münster 2004, S. 16–38.
 als Herausgeber: Industriekultur Delmenhorst 1790–2000. Ein Stadtbildwerk. Oldenburg 2005.
 "... und das ist immer Delmenhorst". Geschichte einer nordwestdeutschen Stadt, Bd. 1: Von der Burg Delmenhorst bis zur dänischen Herrschaft, 1259–1773. Oldenburg 2012.
 Gartenstädte und Zechenkolonien. Beispiele im Ruhrgebiet und in Nordwestdeutschland von 1850 bis 1918/2015. Aschendorff Verlag, Münster 2018, ISBN 978-3-402-13275-3.
 Es wehte hier eine andere Luft : Hertha Koenig – Ein Lebensweg, Pendragon Verlag, Bielefeld 2022, ISBN 978-3-86532-688-1

Weblinks
 Mehrere Fotos von Gerhard Kaldewei mit Exponaten des Museums für IndustrieKultur
 Verlagstext und Porträtfoto

Einzelnachweise

Sozialhistoriker
Wirtschaftshistoriker
Hochschullehrer (Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1951
Mann

Gerhard Kaldewei


De kalder ham Skurken er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2013, der er instrueret af Johan Blem Larsen og Simon Caspersen.

Handling
Skurken er en anerkendt rapper fra København, som på grund af lange fængselsophold og perioder på flugt aldrig har færdiggjort sit debutalbum. Filmen følger Skurken i en turbulent tid bag fængselsmure, i studier og på gadehjørner, i sin kamp for at slå igennem som rapper og for at genetablere et forhold til sin søn.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2013

De kalder ham Skurken


Aleochara lata er bjöllutegund sem finnst víða á norðurhveli.

Tilvísanir

Jötunuxaætt
Bjöllur

Aleochara lata


An Rhaphidophora guamensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Peter Charles Boyce. An Rhaphidophora guamensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rhaphidophora, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rhaphidophora (Araceae)

Rhaphidophora guamensis


Rudolf Kurtz (né le  à Berlin, mort le  à Berlin-Ouest) est un publiciste, journaliste, dramaturge et scénariste allemand.

Biographie
Rudolf Kurtz étudie la germanistique, la philosophie et l'économie, sans obtenir de diplôme. Il écrit ensuite des articles dans des revues expressionnistes comme Die Aktion ou Der Sturm.

À partir de 1913, Kurtz travaille comme dramaturge et scénariste pour Universum Film AG (UFA) pour les réalisateurs Ernst Lubitsch, Max Mack et Paul Leni. Il participe aux scénarios de Das Rätsel von Bangalor et Der weiße Schrecken.

En 1919, Rudolf Kurtz devient directeur du cabaret Schall und Rauch de Max Reinhardt et écrit également des articles pour le magazine du même nom. Dans les années 1920, il est rédacteur en chef du magazine de cinéma . Il publie en 1926 Expressionismus und Film, le premier livre sur le cinéma expressionniste. À la fin des années 1930 et au début des années 1940, il se retire de la vie culturelle et écrit plusieurs livres.

En 1945, Kurtz est nommé rédacteur en chef du journal du soir  et actionnaire de l' par l'officier culturel soviétique . On rapportera que sa contribution réelle au journal est très faible au cours des premières années. Mais il en reste rédacteur en chef jusqu'à sa dissolution en 1953.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Expressionnisme
Critique allemand de cinéma
Théoricien du cinéma
Scénariste allemand de cinéma
Naissance en décembre 1884
Naissance à Berlin
Décès en juillet 1960
Décès à Berlin-Ouest
Décès à 75 ans

Rudolf Kurtz


In chess, the scholar's mate is the checkmate achieved by the following moves, or similar:

1. e4 e5
2. Qh5 Nc6
3. Bc4 Nf6
4. Qxf7

The same mating pattern may be reached by various move orders. For example, White might play 2.Bc4. In all variations, the basic idea is the same: the queen and bishop combine in a simple , occurring on f7 for White or on f2 for Black.

The scholar's mate is sometimes referred to as the four-move checkmate, although there are other ways for checkmate to occur in four moves.

History
The scholar's mate was named and described in The Royall Game of Chesse-Play, a 1656 text by Francis Beale which adapted the work of the early chess writer Gioachino Greco. The example given above is an adaptation of that reported by Beale.

All of the details are coherent from the modern perspective except for the first moves by each player—if Black's pawn advances only one square, this prevents White's bishop from supporting the white queen to give mate.  Beale's text was an early modern account of the rules and tactics of chess, including concepts such as the ability of a pawn to advance two squares on its first move, the en passant capture, , and exchanges.  However, the document treated a then-exotic subject during the early days of printing; consequently the publisher attached a list of errata at the back, following publication.  Thus, the text "one houſe" describing the first move (advancing one square) may have been a mistake.

Avoiding the scholar's mate
Unlike the fool's mate, which rarely occurs at any level, games ending in the scholar's mate are quite common among beginners. It is not difficult to parry, however.

On move 1
After 1.e4, Black can play a semi-open defense instead of 1...e5. Openings such as the French Defense (1...e6) or the Scandinavian Defense (1...d5) render the scholar's mate unviable, while other openings such as the Sicilian Defense (1...c5) make 2.Bc4 a bad move (1.e4 c5 2.Bc4 e6, intending ...d5, gaining  by attacking the c4-bishop and attaining easy ).

On moves 2 and 3
Black's defense depends on whether White goes for 2. Qh5 (the Danvers Opening) or 2. Bc4 (the Bishop's Opening).

After 2. Qh5
White does not threaten Qxf7# yet, but does threaten Qxe5+. The cleanest way to defend against this is 2...Nc6, developing a knight and protecting the pawn. (2...d6 is also good.) After 3. Bc4, Black can stop the mate with 3...g6; White can threaten mate again with 4. Qf3, but this can be stopped with 4...Nf6. Black can later fianchetto the f8-bishop (...Bg7).

After 2. Bc4
The most popular response to 2. Bc4 is 2...Nf6, the Berlin Defence, which immediately renders the scholar's mate non-viable.

In the continuation 2...Bc5 (the Classical Defence) 3. Qh5, Black can defend against both the scholar's mate and the threatened 4. Qxe5+ with 3...Qe7, intending to gain a tempo later with 4...Nf6. The further continuation 4. Nf3 (threatening Nxe5) Nc6 5. Ng5 g6 (diagram) 6. Qf3? Qxg5 7. Qxf7+ Kd8 leaves White with no checkmate and no good way to defend against both ...Nd4, threatening the c2-pawn, and ...Qf6, exchanging queens.

In other openings
Although a quick mate on f7 is almost never seen in play above beginner level, the basic idea underlying it—that f7 and f2, squares defended only by the kings, are weak and therefore good targets for early attack—is the motivating principle behind a number of chess openings.

After 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 (the Two Knights Defense), White's most popular continuation is 4.Ng5, attacking f7, which is awkward for Black to defend. The Fried Liver Attack even involves a sacrifice of the knight on f7.
In the Frankenstein–Dracula Variation of the Vienna Game (1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Bc4 Nxe4),  threatening checkmate with 4.Qh5 is the only way for White to play for an advantage.

Other names
Among English speakers, the scholar's mate is also known as the schoolboy's mate (which in modern English perhaps better connotes the sense of "novice" intended by the word scholar's) and Blitzkrieg (German for "lightning war", meaning a quick victory).

The names of the scholar's mate in other languages are as follows:
 in Basque, Catalan, Czech, Dutch, Estonian, Esperanto, French, German, Portuguese, Slovak, Spanish, Turkish: shepherd's mate
 in Czech, Croatian, Danish, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian: shoemaker's mate
 in Belarusian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Russian, Ukrainian: children's mate
 in Bosnian, Danish, Finnish, Macedonian, Norwegian, Serbian, Swedish: school mate
 in Arabic, Greek, Persian: Napoleon's mate (plan, trap, move)
 in Italian: barber's mate

See also
Checkmate pattern
Fool's mate
List of chess traps

References

Bibliography

Chess checkmates
Chess terminology

Scholar's mate


Jeanne Vicérial, née en 1991 à L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue, est une artiste plasticienne et designeuse française. Tournée dès l'adolescence vers la confection vestimentaire, elle a inventé la technique textile du tricotissage. Elle vit et travaille actuellement à Paris.

Biographie
Après des études de costumière au Lycée Paul-Poiret et un cursus sur la maroquinerie au London College of Fashion, elle se forme auprès d'Hussein Chalayan.

En 2014, elle fonde le studio de recherche et de création Clinique vestimentaire pour développer de nouveaux principes de création textile et obtient en 2015 un Master en Design vêtement à l'École des Arts Décoratifs de Paris. Elle poursuit alors un travail de recherche en design vêtement qui prendra la forme d'une thèse de doctorat SACRe (Sciences, Arts, Création, Recherche) développée au sein du groupe Soft Matters, Ensadlab et soutenue en 2019. Elle est lauréate du prix de la Création Durable 2019.

Pensionnaire à l'Académie de France à Rome durant le confinement, elle se lance dans le projet Quarantaine vestimentaire et crée une composition vestimentaire par jour durant 40 jours.

À l'automne 2021, elle expose aux Magasins Généraux de Pantin son projet de studio de recherche.

En mars 2022, Jeanne réalise les costumes pour la reprise de l'opéra Atys au Grand Théâtre de Genève dans le cadre d'une co-production avec l'Opéra royal de Versailles sous la direction d'orchestre de Leonardo García Alarcón et la mise en scène d'Angelin Preljocaj.

Du 1er au , Jeanne présente l'exposition Gisant.e.s une Re-Naissance à la Basilique Saint-Denis. L'exposition est ensuite visible à la Galerie Daniel Templon.

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Clinique vestimentaire

Plasticienne française
Styliste français
Naissance en 1991
Élève de l'École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs
Pensionnaire de la Villa Médicis

Jeanne Vicérial


زيزينيا، مسلسل مصري من تأليف أسامة أنور عكاشة وإخراج جمال عبد الحميد. قدم بجزئين وكان من المفترض أن يتكون من ثلاث أجزاء.
 حمل الجزء الأول عنوان «الولي والخواجة»، بينما كان عنوان الجزء الثاني «الليل والفنار» والذي حمل عنوان فرعي كونه الفصل الأول من الليل والفنار، والعنوان الفرعي هو «إبحار في العاصفة»، وكان من المفترض أن يحمل الجزء الثالث نفس عنوان الجزء الثاني مع اسم فرعي آخر.

قصة المسلسل
تتناول قصة المسلسل حياة الأجانب من إيطاليين ويونانيين وغيرهم في الإسكندرية في أربعينيات القرن العشرين وكيفيه تعاملهم مع أهل البلد، وذلك من خلال «بشر عامر عبد الظاهر» المصري من أم إيطالية وتشتته ما بين جذورة المصرية ومحاولة والدته وخاله اجتذابة إلى الناحية الإيطالية.

الشخصيات والممثلون

 ممثلي الجزء الأول: أحمد سامي - تريز دميان - منى قطان- مصطفى أبو العزايم - ماهر سليم - فاطمة لطفي- متولى علوان - محمود عبد الغفار - سليمان حسين -ازابيل كمال-وفاء السيد - محمد الامبابي- نهلى الخطيب- بشرى الطرابلسي - أحمد بهلول- مديحة البكري- محمد بسيوني- محمد رضوان - عطا الغمراوي- عمران بحر- كامل سالم- كمال زيني -عصام شاهين- عبد الجواد متولي - مروة الخطيب - حلمي فودة - حسن مقلد- محمد عنتر- فكرية يوسف- بيير السويف - أحمد الطاهر حجاج- محمد سامح -شريف الغريب- أحمد الطماني - زكي عبد المجيد - يحيي زكريا- نسمة محمود - سليمان عيد - صلاح عبد الحميد

الأطفال:شيماء أحمد - أحمد عادل - محمود عبد الرحمن - مي منصور -أحمد شامخ - نازل مصطفى كريم

مصادر

مسلسلات آثار الحكيم
مسلسلات أحمد السقا
مسلسلات أسامة أنور عكاشة
مسلسلات تلفزيونية مصرية بدأ عرضها في 1997
مسلسلات تلفزيونية مصرية بدأ عرضها في 2000
مسلسلات تلفزيونية مصرية متعددة الأجزاء
مسلسلات تهاني راشد
مسلسلات جميل راتب
مسلسلات رياض الخولي
مسلسلات غادة عادل
مسلسلات فردوس عبد الحميد
مسلسلات محمد متولي
مسلسلات هالة صدقي
مسلسلات هدى سلطان
مسلسلات يحيى الفخراني
مسلسلات نشوى مصطفى
مسلسلات حمدي غيث

زيزينيا (مسلسل)


was a town located in Kuga District, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,042 and a density of 19.22 persons per km2. The total area was 210.32 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Nishiki, along with the towns of Kuga, Mikawa, Miwa, Shūtō and Yū, and the village of Hongō (all from Kuga District), was merged into the expanded city of Iwakuni.

External links
 Iwakuni official website

Dissolved municipalities of Yamaguchi Prefecture

Nishiki, Yamaguchi


Soutelo Portekiz'de Vieira do Minho belediyesine bağlı olan, 6,29 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 215 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Vieira do Minho

Soutelo (Vieira do Minho)


Kuşhane, Mazgirt ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Coğrafya
Tunceli iline 53 km, Mazgirt ilçesine 20 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Mazgirt belde ve köyleri

Kuşhane, Mazgirt


Satoshi Mashimo (født 6. marts 1974) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Montedio Yamagata.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Satoshi Mashimo


Tomás Sánchez de Ávila (Córdoba, 1550-Granada, 19 de mayo de 1610) fue un teólogo español, de la Compañía de Jesús, profesor en los colegios jesuitas de Córdoba y Granada. Es considerado como una de las principales autoridades católicas en materia de teología moral.

Fue muy combatido por los jansenistas, y objeto de crítica por Blaise Pascal (Cartas provinciales), sobre todo por la cuestión de la restrictio mentalis (admitir que se puede mentir cambiando mentalmente el sentido de las palabras sin que el perjudicado lo sepa). Sus obras principales fueron De sancto matrimonii sacramento (1601-1605) y Opus morali in praecepta Decalogi (publicada póstumamente, en 1613).

Su obra De sancto matrimonii sacramento, manual para confesores muy influyente en su momento, recibió el elogio del papa Clemente VIII («nadie había escrito más ni mejor sobre el matrimonio») y se ganó incluso el siguiente dicho popular entre los seminaristas: «Si quieres saber más que el demonio / lee a Sánchez en De matrimonio». En ella consideraba legítimo el aborto por varias razones graves si el feto estaba todavía inanimado (sin alma); postura que fue condenada por el papa Inocencio XI en 1679. El periódico republicano y anticlerical El Motín tradujo esta obra por primera vez del latín al castellano en 1887 con el fin de demostrar, debido a su explícita información sexual, que la Compañía de Jesús era lujuriosa e inmoral y que debía apartarse a las mujeres de los jesuitas.

Sánchez también se opuso al comercio de esclavos:

Antes de profesar como jesuita (con 17 años, en 1567) superó un problema de tartamudez.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Teólogos de España del siglo XVI
Teólogos de España del siglo XVII
Jesuitas de España del siglo XVI
Abolicionistas de España
Nacidos en Córdoba (España)
Fallecidos en Granada
Teólogos jesuitas
Fallecidos por neumonía en España

Tomás Sánchez de Ávila


Kirinua maguai est une espèce d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Symphytognathidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique du Guangxi en Chine. Elle se rencontre dans les xians de Fengshan et de Donglan dans des grottes.

Description
Le mâle holotype mesure  et la femelle paratype .

Étymologie
Son nom d'espèce lui a été donné en référence au lieu de sa découverte, la grotte Maguai.

Publication originale
 Li, Li & Lin, 2021 : « Taxonomic study on fourteen symphytognathid species from Asia (Araneae, Symphytognathidae). » ZooKeys, ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes

Notes et références

Symphytognathidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique du Guangxi

Kirinua maguai


Koungheul es uno de los 45 departamentos de Senegal. Forma parte de la región de Kaffrine. Su capital es Koungheul. Fue creado por decreto del 10 de julio de 2008, al igual que sus distritos.

Distritos
Distritos:
Distrito de Misirah Wadene
Distrito de Ida Mouride
Distrito de Lour Escale

Referencias
Decreto 2008-747 del 10 de julio de 2008, que postula la creación de departamentos y distritos de Senegal. Journal officiel de la République du Sénégal (Boletín oficial de la República de Senegal), n.º 6446, 31 de diciembre de 2008.

Koungheul

Departamento de Koungheul


Radio Universidad es una radioemisora argentina con sede en la ciudad de Rosario, perteneciente a la UNR. La radio realiza sus transmisiones en la frecuencia 103.3 MHz de la frecuencia modulada.

La emisora funciona en la planta alta del edificio ubicado en Urquiza 2050, donde funcionaba el antiguo comedor universitario. Cuenta con un estudio principal amplio desde donde se transmite toda la programación y con un estudio de grabación más pequeño con controles totalmente independientes del primero.

Considerada como la radio universitaria más famosa del país, FM Radio Universidad fue creada en 1994 y tiene un fuerte enfoque en programas que cubren noticias nacionales e internacionales y temas de discusión política y cultural actuales, así como extensos segmentos musicales de AOR (Album Oriented Rock/Radio), sobre todo durante la noche o madrugada y los fines de semana.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Radio Universidad | 103.3 | Universidad Nacional de Rosario (Sitio Oficial)
 Radio UNR Twitter

Univ
Medios de comunicación de Rosario (Argentina)
Emisoras de radio fundadas en 1994

Radio Universidad (Universidad Nacional de Rosario)


Felice Herrig (født18. september 1984 i Buffalo Grove, Illinois i USA) er en amerikansk kickboxer, thai-bokser MMA-udøver som siden 2014 har konkurreret i organisationen Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).

Hun begyndte sin karriere med ved a træne kickboxing og thaiboksning før hun gik over til MMA i 2009.

I september 2011 indgik hun en flerkampskontrakt med XFC i Florida. Hun har siden da konkurreret i Bellator MMA og Invicta Fighting Championships.

Baggrund
Herrig bestod fra Buffalo Grove High School i 2003.

Ultimate Fighting Championship

The Ultimate Fighter 20
I december 2013 blev det annonceret at hun vil være en af 11 kvinder som skulle kæmpe om at blive UFC's første stråvægtsmester i den nye sæson af tv-serien The Ultimate Fighter. I sæsonen blev hendes hold trænet af UFC-kæmperen Anthony Pettis.

Herrig møder Michelle Waterson den 6. oktober, 2018 på UFC 229.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Felice Herrig – UFC.com
 Felice Herrig – Sherdog.com

MMA-udøvere fra USA

Felice Herrig