The culture of Thailand is a unique blend of various influences that have evolved over time. Local customs, animist beliefs, Buddhist traditions, and regional ethnic and cultural practices have all played a role in shaping Thai culture. Thainess, which refers to the distinctive qualities that define the national identity of Thailand, is evident in the country's history, customs, and traditions. While Buddhism remains the dominant religion in Thailand with more than 40,000 temples, Islam, Christianity, and other faiths are also practiced.

Thailand's historical and cultural heritage has been shaped by interactions with neighboring cultures as well as far-reaching cultures such as Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, and Persian, with the ancient city of Ayutthaya serving as a global trade center. Early European visitors also recognized Ayutthaya as one of the great powers of Asia, alongside China and India, highlighting the city's importance and influence in the region. In modern times, Thailand's cultural landscape has been shaped by the influence of global trends. This includes the adoption of modern educational practices and the promotion of science and technology, while also preserving traditional customs and practices.

Thailand's cultural influence extends beyond its borders, shaping neighboring countries' television programming, dance, films, art, fashion, music, and cuisine. The country's 5F cultural policy, which promotes food, films, fashion, fighting, and festivals, is aimed at becoming an important cultural export to drive economic development and generate income for the countries. Thai cuisine has become an integral part of restaurant menus worldwide, while Muay Thai, a traditional Thai martial art, has gained global popularity as a combat sport. Traditional festivals such as Songkran and Loy Krathong have also attracted tourists from around the world.

Visual arts

Ceramics

Ceramic production in Thailand has been traced back to prehistoric times. Ban Chiang archaeological site in northeast Thailand is one of the most important prehistoric settlements in Southeast Asia and a World Heritage Site since 1992. The site provides insights into earliest metallurgical civilizations, especially those that used bronze and iron, as well as valuable evidence of early pottery, among which the red-on-buff painted pottery is the most well-known. The site also offers evidence of early agriculture, with domesticated rice and elaborate burial offerings.

The Sukhothai Kingdom, which emerged from the mid-1200s, marked another significant period for ceramic production in Thailand. The two major centers for ceramic production were Si Satchanalai and Sukhothai. Ayutthaya Kingdom rose up as a major trading hub located on a navigable river that became the primary route for shipping Sawankhalok and Sukhothai ceramics abroad. Other areas of Thailand, including Suphanburi, San Kamphaeng, Singburi, and Kalong, also produced ceramics, but they were mainly used within their respective regions and not exported to the same extent as Sawankhalok and Sukhothai ceramics. According to archaeological evidence from various sites, Thai ceramics were generally considered the second most popular type of ceramics after Chinese ceramics.
During the Ayutthaya period and beyond, Thai ceramic continued to develop and evolve. One type of porcelain that became especially prominent was Benjarong, originally produced in China with Thai-inspired designs. This intricately designed porcelain features five major colors, including black, red, white, yellow, and green. Over time, Thai artisans began producing Benjarong themselves, and it continued to be produced in Krung Thonburi and Rattanakosin, with a specific style called Lai nam thong incorporating gold leaf decoration that was mainly used by the aristocracy. Today, Thai ceramics continue to reflect the unique culture and way of life of Thailand, with more than 30 new colors and design styles that are unique to Thai ceramics.

Painting

Prehistoric painting can be observed in the form of cave paintings, a type of rock art found in caves. Rock art is categorized into two periods: prehistoric and historic. It is often reported that rock art sites date back to around 3,000-5,000 years ago, although many of these sites remain undated. The majority of rock art sites are regarded to be prehistoric, and they can be found throughout the country. Rock art is typically located in rock shelters and on cliff faces, with only a few instances found in deep caves. Thailand has the highest number of known and documented rock art sites in mainland Southeast Asia, with over 250 sites cataloged.

Traditional Thai paintings often depict scenes from Buddhist mythology, literature, history, or daily life, blending realism and symbolism. They are mostly found in temples and palaces, where they serve as decorations and illustrations of religious texts. To solve composition problems in empty spaces, Sintao is an important technique used in traditional Thai paintings, which involves dividing the image into sections using secondary elements such as trees, mountains, streams, and rocks, or lines with different patterns. In terms of color, initially, Thai artists used a limited palette of mainly white, black, and red, collectively known as Aekarong, which were made from natural materials. Later, additional colors became more common, including the five main colors known as Benjarong or Kayarong, which include yellow, indigo, scarlet, white, and black. This allowed for a wider range of color combinations, leading to the development of Pahurong, which features more diverse colors such as Tangchae green and Lychee red. The early style of Thai painting was flat and two-dimensional, with little use of light and shadow. However, with the influence of Western art, later artists began to incorporate these elements into their work, resulting in a more naturalistic style.

In the 19th century, Thai artists under King Rama IV began experimenting with modernism and abstraction. Khrua In Khong introduced Western techniques such as linear perspective, shading, light, and shadow into traditional Thai painting for a more realistic portrayal of space, depth, volume, and form. Hem Vejakorn was another pioneering artist who explored Western techniques in his paintings. Silpa Bhirasri, an Italian-Thai sculptor who is considered the father of modern art in Thailand, founded Silpakorn University in Bangkok in 1943, which became the leading art school in the country. Fua Hariphitak, a student of Bhirasri, was an avant-garde artist who experimented with Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, and Cubism. His artwork featured thick, bold brushstrokes and vivid colors to convey the essence of different locations and moods. Sawad Tantisuk, a notable artist in the modern Thai painting movement, was recognized for his use of bold colors and geometric shapes to create abstract compositions. Chakrabhand Posayakrit is another artist of note, who fuses traditional Thai painting with modern aesthetics in his work.

Contemporary Thai painting builds upon the experimentation and incorporation of Western techniques that began in the 19th century. Today, many Thai painters continue to explore new techniques and styles, resulting in a diverse range of approaches and aesthetics. For example, Navin Rawanchaikul's paintings incorporate pop art influences and bright colors, while Natee Utarit's surreal and sometimes disturbing images comment on contemporary society. Jirapat Tatsanasomboon draws inspiration from Thai folklore and mythology to create intricate and fantastical works. Meanwhile, Sakarin Krue-On's abstract works explore the relationship between art and nature, and Chatchai Puipia's paintings combine figurative and abstract elements to examine the human condition.

Architecture

Traditional Thai houses are usually constructed of natural materials such as bamboo or wood, and elevated on stilts to protect against floods and pests. The steeply gabled roofs facilitate efficient rainwater drainage. Designs vary depending on location, climate, and function, while also emphasizing natural materials and airy designs to create environmentally suitable habitats with good ventilation. The houses often feature high roofs and shaded areas like roof terraces and patio planters.

Buddhist temples in Thailand are known as wats, from the Pāḷi vāṭa, meaning an enclosure. A temple has an enclosing wall that divides it from the secular world. Wat architecture has seen many changes in Thailand in the course of history. Although there are many differences in layout and style, they all adhere to the same principles.

In contemporary Thai architecture, there has been a fusion of traditional Thai and modern styles. The Sanctuary of Truth and Wat Rong Khun are two popular examples of this fusion. The Sanctuary of Truth is a wooden temple that showcases intricate carvings and sculptures, while Wat Rong Khun is a unique temple designed entirely in white with glass and mirror mosaics.

Literature

Thai literature reflects the history, culture, religion, and worldview of the Thai people, as well as their interactions with other nations and peoples. One of the earliest forms of Thai literature is the stone inscription, which records historical events, royal decrees, religious teachings, and cultural values. The Ramkhamhaeng inscription of 1292, which is considered the first Thai literary work written in the Thai script, describes matters of faith, feats of kings, and the way of life of commoners. Another notable work from this period is Traiphummikatha, also known as Trai phum phra ruang. It is a treatise on Buddhist cosmology and traditional worldview and beliefs, and was composed by King Lithai in 1345. It is recognized as the first Thai Buddhist literary work and the earliest example of a scholarly thesis in the country.

During the Ayutthaya period, various literary forms were developed. The earliest known Ayutthaya work was Lilit Ongkan Chaeng Nam. Other notable works from this period include Lilit Yuan Phai, Lilit Phra Lo, Mahachat Kham Luang, Nirat Hariphunchai, Khun Chang Khun Phaen, Sri Thanonchai, The Legend of Phra Malai, and Nang Sib Song. The Ayutthaya period ended in 1767, resulting in the loss of literary works. The Thonburi period was a transitional period until the establishment of a new capital in 1782, beginning the Rattanakosin period. Many classical works, such as Ramakien and Sang Thong, were revived and adapted during this time, along with improvements in prose composition. King Rama II was responsible for repairing and reviving important literary works. Sunthorn Phu was a prominent poet in this period, best known for his epic poem Phra Aphai Mani.

Poetry

Thai poetry, includes forms such as khlong, chan, kap, klon and rai, which are based on rhyme, rhythm, tonal patterns, and syllabic structures.  Poetry was used to express various themes such as religion, romance, war, and nature.

Folklore

Performing arts

Dance

Thai classical dance has several main types of dance including Rabam, Ram, Fon/Sueng/Manora, Khon, and Lakhon. Within these categories, there are subtypes. The first detailed European record of Thai classical dances was made during the Ayutthaya Kingdom, which described a tradition and style that is still seen today.  During the reign of King Narai, Ayutthaya had formal diplomatic relations with Louis XIV, the Sun King of France. In 1687, French diplomat Simon de la Loubère was sent to record Ayutthaya Kingdom traditions. In his account, La Loubère described Khon as a figure dance with armed and masked dancers representing combat. He also recorded Lakhon, a three-day epic and dramatic poem sung by several actors, and Rabam, a slow march round dance with contorted body and arm movements. Khon dancers wore gilded paper-bonnets with hanging sides adorned with counterfeit stones and pendants of gilded wood.

Thai classical dance has had a profound influence on neighboring countries such as Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos. It is widely regarded as a highly refined and sophisticated art form, with intricate movements, ornate costumes, and complex choreography.

Music

The music of Thailand can be categorized into two main genres: classical and popular. Thai classical music, also known as Phleng Thai-derm, is the most revered form of Thai music and is considered the pinnacle of the country's unique musical heritage. With a history dating back centuries, classical music in Thailand is known for its intricate melodies and use of traditional instruments such as the ranat (xylophone), khong (gong), pi (oboe), saw (fiddle), khim (hammered dulcimer), chakhe (wooden percussion instrument), phin namtao (plucked string instrument), krachappi (percussion instrument), khaen (mouth organ), and khlui (flute), among others. Its importance to Thai culture is reflected in its use in royal ceremonies, religious rituals, and other formal occasions. In addition to ensemble genres such as piphat, khruang sai, and mahori, Thai classical music includes a total of 981 categorized classical songs.

Thai popular music, also known as Phleng Thai sakon, on the other hand, can be divided into two categories: traditional country music and modern music. The former includes genres such as luk thung, luk krung, and mor lam, which are associated with country or regional music and are popular domestically. Luk thung, specifically, is a favorite among the majority of Thai citizens throughout the country. The latter category comprises modern music genres that have gained popularity in recent years and are influenced by Western and other Asian music styles, such as pop, rock, hip hop, and rap. These genres often incorporate instruments like the guitar, keyboard, drum, and synthesizer and are frequently sung in standard Thai or English.

Theatre
Traditional Thai theatre includes various forms such as Khon (masked dance-drama), Nang (which encompasses shadow play, including Nang yai and Nang talung), Lakhon (classical dance-drama), Likay (folk theatre), Manora (classical dance-drama), and Hun (puppetry). Each of these forms has its own unique style, costume, and music.

Entertainment

Cinema

Thailand has a thriving film industry, with a rich history dating back to the late 19th century when King Chulalongkorn first encountered movies and cinema equipment during a visit to Switzerland. Since then, Thai cinema has produced a wide range of genres and styles, including horror films about ghosts, spirits, and the supernatural, as well as documentaries, dramas, romance, comedies, and action movies. Major cinema chains in Thailand include Major Cineplex, the largest with over 828 screens nationwide and overseas, and SF Cinema City, among others.

Some of the most celebrated Thai directors in the industry include Chatrichalerm Yukol, Nonzee Nimibutr, Wisit Sasanatieng, Banjong Pisanthanakun, Pen-Ek Ratanaruang, and Apichatpong Weerasethakul, while actors and actresses such as Ananda Everingham, Mookda Narinrak, Pimchanok Luevisadpaibul, Davika Hoorne, Mario Maurer, Peechaya Wattanamontree, Nadech Kugimiya, Natapohn Tameeruks, Ranee Campen, Kimberley Anne Woltemas, Patcharapa Chaichua, Araya A. Hargate, Hussawee Pakrapongpisan, Tontawan Tantivejakul, Nattawin Wattanagitiphat, James Jirayu, Yaya Urassaya, Vachirawit Chivaaree, Prin Suparat, Yanin Vismitananda, and Tony Jaa have gained both domestic and international fame. Major film studios in Thailand include GDH 559, Sahamongkol Film International, and Five Star Production, with blockbuster films like The Legend of Suriyothai (2001), Ong-Bak: Muay Thai Warrior (2003), Shutter (2004), Pee Mak (2013), Bad Genius (2017), Homestay (2018), and Love Destiny: The Movie (2022). The Suphannahong National Film Awards are the main film awards in the Thai film industry. They are presented annually by the National Federation of Motion Pictures and Contents Associations (MPC), and are named after the Suphannahong, a royal barge whose figurehead is the inspiration for the trophy statuette.

Television series

Lakorn is a term used in Thailand to refer to television dramas or series. It encompasses a wide range of genres and styles, including romantic dramas, historical dramas, and action series. Lakorn productions often reflect Thai culture through their use of music, dance, and clothing, and explore complex social issues such as family conflicts and star-crossed lovers. Lakorn has become popular not only in Thailand, but also internationally, with shows such as Hormones: The Series (2013–2015), Love Destiny (2018), The Gifted (2018), and Girl From Nowhere (2018-2021), gaining a following overseas.

Animation

Comics

Video games

Religion

Thailand allows freedom of religion unless it threatens the security of the state. The government recognizes Buddhism, Islam, Brahmin-Hinduism, Sikhism, and Christianity, providing subsidies and tax benefits to these groups. The country is predominantly Buddhist (94.6%), followed by Muslims (4.3%), Christians (1%), and followers of other religions. The majority of Buddhists observe the Theravada, which includes the Thai Forest Tradition, Dhammayuttika Nikaya, and Santi Asoke sects, and an unknown minority belong to the Mahayana.

Buddhism in Thailand is strongly influenced by traditional beliefs regarding ancestral and natural spirits, that have been incorporated into Buddhist cosmology. Most Thai people install spirit houses (; ), miniature houses outside their dwellings, where they believe household spirits live. They present offerings of food and drink to these spirits to keep them happy. If these spirits aren't happy, it is believed that they will inhabit the household and cause chaos. These spirit houses can be found in public places and on the streets of Thailand, where the public make offerings.

Prior to the rise of Theravada Buddhism, both Indian Brahminical religion and Mahayana Buddhism were present in Thailand. Influences from both these traditions can still be seen in present-day Thai folklore. Brahminical shrines play an important role in Thai folk religion, and the Mahayana Buddhist influence is reflected in the presence of figures like Lokesvara, a form of the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara sometimes incorporated into Thailand's iconography.

Marriage
Thai Buddhist weddings have a religious and non-religious component, with couples bowing to an image of Lord Buddha, reciting prayers, and offering gifts to monks. The groom is expected to pay a bride price, known as sin sot, to the bride's family as a symbol of his financial capability and to compensate them for their daughter's loss. Bride prices can range from 50,000 to millions of baht.  In the Thai culture the sin sot is an essential part of the marriage and no man would refuse it to the bride's family.Marital rape was outlawed in 2007. Thai people of Chinese origin may opt to mix marriage traditions, typically involving monks, while others may choose to follow Chinese marriage customs in a simpler manner. Thai Muslims have a different wedding ceremony conducted by an Imam, with men sitting in a circle and women in a separate room. They also follow the Thai dowry system and serve goat or beef instead of pork.

Funerals

Traditionally, Thai funerals last for at least one week and are focused on making merit for the deceased. Activities include distributing Buddhist scriptures, giving gifts to temples, and inviting monks to chant prayers for the deceased's protection.  The corpse is cremated, and the urn is kept in a chedi in the local temple. Thai Chinese and Thai Muslim have their own funeral rituals. Pet funerals are also common in Bangkok, with one company cremating up to 400 animals per month.

Etiquette

Thai etiquette was described by Phya Anuman Rajadhon in the 20th century, during a time when modernity changed Thailand and many traditions disappeared. Refinement and avoiding coarseness are highly valued in Thai culture. The wai is a prayer-like gesture used in greetings, leave-taking, acknowledgements, or apologies, varying depending on the relative status. Thais tend to use the ubiquitous phrase mai pen rai (meaning it doesn't matter) to minimize disagreements, mistakes, or misfortunes and avoid conflict. A smile and mai pen rai indicate that the incident is unimportant, and no conflict or shame is involved. The pleasant attitude conveyed through the wai has earned Thailand the nickname land of smiles.

A notable social norm holds that the head is the highest and most respected part of the body, while the feet are considered the lowest and dirtiest. As a result, touching someone's head or pointing/touching something with the feet is rude. Placing one's feet above someone else's head is impolite, especially towards the royal family. When sitting on the ground, Thais point their feet away from others or tuck them to the side/behind them. Public displays of affection are not common in traditional Thai society, especially among lovers, but are becoming more accepted among younger generations. Thailand has a daily national anthem played by all media outlets at 08:00 and 18:00, during which Thais pay homage to the flag by standing at attention. Students sing the anthem in front of the flag every school day. The practice originated in 1935 and is now mandated by the Flag Act of 1979, which imposes a fine of up to 2,000 baht and one year imprisonment for not observing the custom. The royal anthem of the King of Thailand is also played before movies, concerts, and sporting events, and everyone is expected to stand.

Thai culture values serenity and avoids conflict and sudden displays of anger. Visitors should take care not to create conflict and handle disagreements with a smile, without assigning blame. The concept of sanuk emphasizes that life should be fun, and Thais often display positive emotions in social interactions. Respect for hierarchy is essential, and the custom of bun khun highlights indebtedness to parents, guardians, teachers, and caretakers. It involves slow-acting accounting of an exchange based on locally interpreted scales and measures. The bidet shower is common in Thai toilets, as evidenced by an uproar by parliamentarians when it was disclosed that the new parliament building was not equipped with bum guns.

Thai customs regarding monks prohibit physical contact between them and women, leading to various methods being employed to avoid accidental contact. Women make offerings by placing them at the feet of the monk, on a cloth or table, and blessings are applied using the end of a candle or stick. Laypersons are expected to sit or stand with their heads lower than the monk's. Feet should be pointed away from Buddha images in temples, and footwear should be removed before entering homes or sacred areas.

Thai dining etiquette has also been influenced by the introduction of the fork and spoon during the reign of King Rama IV and King Rama V. These utensils have become the norm for dining in Thailand, as they are better suited for eating Thai food than the traditional fork and knife. In addition to using spoons and forks, Thai people also commonly use chopsticks, knives, and their hands to eat, depending on the type of food and the occasion.

Clothing

Traditional

Traditional Thai clothing is called chut thai ( ) which literally means "Thai outfit". It can be worn by men, women, and children. Chut thai for women usually consists of a pha nung or a pha chung hang (chong kraben), a blouse, and a pha biang (sabai). Northern and northeastern women may wear a sinh instead of a pha nung and a pha chung hang with either a blouse or a suea pat. Chut thai for men includes a  pha chung hang or pants, a Raj pattern shirt, with optional knee-length white socks, and a pha biang. Chut thai for northern Thai men is composed of a sado, a white Manchu styled jacket, and sometimes a khian hua. In formal occasions, people may choose to wear a so-called formal Thai national costume.

Uniforms
Thailand is a uniform-wearing society. From elementary school to university, school uniforms in Thailand are the norm, with few exceptions. Teachers at elementary and secondary levels wear uniforms, usually once a week. All civil servants up to ministerial level have uniforms appropriate to their organization and rank and wear them regularly.

Cuisine

Thai cuisine is known for its diverse range of dishes, which include spicy salads, soups, curries, stir-fries, and desserts. The flavors in Thai cuisine are balanced and often incorporate sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy elements. The most common ingredients used in Thai cooking are fresh herbs and spices, such as lemongrass, ginger, garlic, and chili peppers, as well as fish sauce, coconut milk, and palm sugar. Thai cuisine varies across regions, with dishes influenced by local traditions and ingredient availability. In central Thailand, sticky rice is not commonly used as a staple food but is instead used in desserts, such as mango sticky rice, custard sticky rice, durian sticky rice, etc., which are often made with coconut milk/cream. However, it is still commonly served as a side dish with savory dishes like Gai yang (grilled chicken). The combination of Gai yang and sticky rice is a popular in Thailand, often served with a spicy dipping sauce and a side salad. Therefore, sticky rice is not exclusively a dessert but can also be served as a side dish.

Thai cuisine has evolved over time due to influences from various cultures. Persian traders introduced curry dishes and Muslim cooking styles, while Portuguese missionaries introduced chilies and other New World crops. Chinese immigrants brought stir-frying techniques and noodles. Over the past decade, Thai cuisine has gained global recognition, with over 11,800 Thai restaurants reported overseas in 2007. The Thai government's Kitchen of the World campaign has further boosted the growing Thai food business.

Thai cuisine can be broadly categorized into four types of dishes: Tom (boiled dishes), Yam (spicy salads), Tam (pounded foods), and Kaeng (curries). Some cooking techniques, such as deep-frying, stir-frying, and steaming, are influenced by Chinese cuisine. Popular Thai dishes include Tom yum (spicy soup), Pad thai (stir-fried noodles), Som tam (green papaya salad), Kaeng keow wan gai (green curry chicken), Massaman curry (beef curry), and Pad see ew (stir-fried noodles), Kaeng phanaeng (Panang curry), Tom kha (coconut soup), Pad kaphrao (stir-fried Thai basil chicken), Rad na (stir-fried noodles in gravy), Kuai tiao (noodle soup), and Mu kratha (Thai hotpot).

Thai desserts are also popular and feature a variety of sweet treats, such as Khanom chan (layered pudding), Khanom mo kaeng (mung bean cake), Sangkhaya fak thong (pumpkin custard), Khanom thuai (coconut cream jelly), Khanom krok (coconut-rice pancakes), Khanom bueang (crispy pancakes), Khanom tan (palm cake), Khanom farang kudi chin (Portuguese influenced cake), Thong yip (pinched gold egg yolks), Thong yod (drop of gold egg yolks), Foi thong (golden threads egg yolks), Lod chong (pandan noodles in coconut milk), Ruam mit (mixed ingredients in coconut milk), Tako (coconut pudding with jasmine scent), Wun (agar jelly), Tub tim krob (water chestnuts in coconut milk), Chaokuai (Grass jelly), Namkhaeng sai (shaved ice dessert with syrup), Khao niao mamuang (sticky rice with mango), Khao niao sangkhaya (sticky rice with custard), Khao niao nakrachik (sticky rice with caramlized) and Khao niao durian (sticky rice with durian).

Thai cuisine also features a range of sauces and condiments, such as Nam chim (dipping sauce), Nam phrik (chilli sauce), Nam pla (fish sauce), and Pla ra (fermented fish). These sauces are used to enhance the flavors of various dishes, such as fried rice, noodles, soups, salads, and grilled meats.

Drinks

Thai iced tea, Oliang, and Nom yen are popular drinks in Thailand, often sweetened with condensed milk and flavored with cardamom or syrup. Krating Daeng (Red Bull), M-150, and Carabao Daeng are popular energy drinks. There is a wide variety of alcoholic drinks in Thailand, including Mekhong whisky, SangSom, Lao khao, and Sato, etc. Singha and Chang are popular Thai beers, with Singha being the most popular.

Language

Names

Thai people typically have one or occasionally more short nicknames ( playing name) that they use with friends and family. These nicknames are overwhelmingly one syllable and were traditionally based on animals, fruits, colors, and nature. Nowadays, Thai nicknames tend to be more complex, with an increase in syllables and the addition of foreign influences.

Sports

Association football and Futsal are the most popular sports in Thailand for both spectators and players. Muay Thai, a combat sport, is recognized as a national sport and is gaining popularity worldwide. It incorporates kicks, punches, knees, and elbow strikes in a ring with gloves similar to those used in Western boxing, and this has led to Thailand gaining medals at the Olympic Games in boxing. Takraw, one of the two national sports, officially known as Sepak takraw, is a sport similar to volleyball but played with the legs. Other popular sports include badminton, volleyball, motorsports, athletics, cycling, swimming, golf, and basketball. Traditional sports such as long-tail boat racing, long boat racing, makruk, krabi krabong, and dab Thai are still preserved. Thailand has been the most successful Southeast Asian country in the SEA Games, Asian Games, and Olympics, demonstrating the country's strong sports culture.

Holidays

Important holidays in Thai culture include Songkran, the traditional Thai New Year festival, which is celebrated annually from April 13th to 15th. The festival falls at the end of the dry season and during the hot season in Thailand, and in some parts of Thailand, it can last up to a week. The festival's water throwing tradition stemmed from the cleansing rite of washing Buddha images and lightly sprinkling scented water on the hands of elderly people. Small amounts of scented talcum powder were also used in the annual rite. In recent decades, water fights have become increasingly industrialized with the use of hoses, barrels, squirt guns, water-filled surgical tubing, and copious amounts of powder. The festival also includes various activities such as offering merit to relics, pouring water on elders, building sand pagodas, and participating in contests and parades, including the Nang Songkran or Miss Songkran contest.

Loy Krathong is another important festival celebrated on the full moon of the 12th lunar month, which usually falls in November. Loy means to float and a Krathong is a handmade small bowl traditionally made from banana leaves and a section of banana tree trunk. The bowl is decorated with folded (origami) banana leaves, flowers, candles, and incense sticks. During the Loy Krathong night, the moon shines brightly, and the river looks calm. It is a scenic beauty with Krathongs floating on the river. Fireworks are lit as a part of celebration and the act of worship. Yipeng, also known as the Lantern Festival, is another festival celebrated in Northern Thailand around the same time as Loy Krathong. During Yipeng, people release floating lanterns into the sky and make wishes as the lanterns rise into the night. Both Loy Krathong and Yipeng are celebrations of light and symbolize letting go of negative emotions and starting anew.

National Elephant Day or Chang Thai Day is a holiday in Thailand, held on March 13, which celebrates the cultural and historical significance of the elephant in Thailand.

National symbols

The national symbols of Thailand play an important role in representing the country's culture and heritage, and are widely recognized and revered by the Thai people. The official symbols of Thailand include the Thai flag, the national emblem featuring Krut, the Thai National Anthem, and three symbols declared in 2001, the Ratchaphruek or golden shower tree as the national flower, the Thai elephant as the national animal, and Sala Thai, national architecture. Three works of literature have been declared as national literature: Triphumikatha in 2010, Ramakien in 2015, and Mahachat Kham Luang in 2022.

Other national symbols of Thailand include the Siamese fireback, declared as the national bird in 1985; the Siamese fighting fish, declared as the national aquatic animal in 2019; and the Phaya Nak, declared as the national mythological creature on November 1, 2022.

Unofficial symbols of Thailand include the Siamese cat, known for its distinctive appearance and personality, and traditional sports such as Muay Thai and Takraw, widely recognized and celebrated as national sports.

World sites and Intangible cultural heritage

Thailand has several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the Historic City of Ayutthaya and the Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns, both recognized in 1991. Ban Chiang Archaeological Site was also recognized in 1992. In terms of natural heritage, Thungyai-Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries were recognized in 1991, followed by Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex in 2005, and Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex in 2021.

Thailand also has several sites on the Tentative List for UNESCO recognition, including Phuphrabat Historical Park listed in 2004, Wat Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan in Nakhon Si Thammarat listed in 2012, and the Monuments, Sites and Cultural Landscape of Chiang Mai, Capital of Lanna listed in 2015. Phra That Phanom, its related historic buildings, and associated landscape were listed in 2017, followed by Ensemble of Phanom Rung, Muang Tam, and Plai Bat Sanctuaries in 2019, and The Ancient Town of Si Thep in the same year. Lastly, in terms of natural heritage, the Andaman Sea Nature Reserves of Thailand were added to the Tentative List in 2021.

Thailand has submitted several elements of its intangible cultural heritage to UNESCO for recognition, such as Nora, a dance drama in southern Thailand recognized in 2021, Nuad Thai, traditional Thai massage recognized in 2019, and Khon, a masked dance drama in Thailand recognized in 2018. In 2023, the Songkran festival has been submitted for UNESCO's consideration as part of Thailand's intangible cultural heritage.

Pastimes

Reading and Internet
Eighty-eight percent of Thai people read books and spend an average of 28 minutes per day doing so, according to a poll conducted by the Thai Publishers and Booksellers Association (PUBAT) and Chulalongkorn University's Faculty of Economics and Research Centre for Social and Business Development.

A total of 3,432 Thais aged 15–69 in 12 provinces, including Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Songkhla, Nakhon Si Thamarat, Nakhon Ratchsima, and Khon Kaen, were interviewed from December 2014 to January 2015. While 88% of Thai respondents said they read books, 12% said they did not. They cited as reasons lack of time, bad eyesight, and dislike of reading.

Averaged over the entire population, Thais spend 28 minutes a day reading books. The reading sub-set of the population averages 46 minutes a day. Of this group, those aged under 20 spend the most time reading books, 56 minutes a day. That figure shrinks as people age until they reach 61, when people tend to get back into reading.

By comparison, 71% of Thais use the Internet almost every day for an average of 92 minutes. Those who spend most time on the Internet are people under 20, on average 224 minutes a day, while those over 61 spend ten minutes a day on-line.

In 2013 the Thai National Statistical Office conducted a reading survey that found that Thais aged over six spent an average of 37 minutes a day reading. The survey was not focused specifically on reading books, but also reading journals, the Internet, tablet computers, and smart phones.

See also

 Betel Chewing In Thailand
 Buddhist temples in Thailand
 Cinema of Thailand
 Folklore of Thailand
 Ghosts in Thai culture
 List of museums in Thailand
 Media of Thailand
 Ministry of Culture (Thailand)
 Phya Anuman Rajadhon
 Racism in Thailand
 Royal Flags of Thailand
 Thai Buddhist sculpture
 Thai temple art and architecture
 Thailand National Artist

References

Works cited

Further reading

External links

Ministry of Culture
Thailand stories and folklore

Thailand

Culture of Thailand


Temps de neige est une mélodie pour voix et piano de Déodat de Séverac composée en 1903 sur un poème d'Henry Gauthier-Villars dit Willy.

Présentation
Sur un poème d'Heny Gauthier-Villars, dit Willy, Temps de neige est une mélodie composée par Séverac en 1903.

La partition, dédiée à la chanteuse Jeanne Weyrich, amie du compositeur et créatrice de la mélodie À l'aube dans la montagne, est publiée pour la première fois en 1904 par J. Poulalion.

Une audition de la pièce est donnée le  à la Schola Cantorum à l'occasion du premier concert entièrement consacré aux œuvres de Déodat de Séverac.

Analyse
La mélodie est en la mineur, de tempo « simple et calme ».

Graham Johnson y décèle l'influence de Debussy et rapproche Temps de neige, par son , des mélodies d'Albert Roussel (Le jardin mouillé notamment) et Charles Koechlin.

Au piano, on note des accords de quartes à vide précédés d'acciaccaturas, .

Pour la musicologue Marie-Claire Beltrando-Patier, le sujet choisi par Séverac .

Discographie

 Songs by Déodat de Séverac, François Le Roux (baryton), Graham Johnson (piano), avec la participation de Patricia Rozario (soprano), Hyperion Records CDA66983, 1998.
 Déodat de Séverac : Mélodies, Anne Rodier (soprano), François-Michel Rignol (piano), Solstice SOCD319, 2016.

Bibliographie

Ouvrages généraux

 .
 .

Monographies

 .
 .

Notes discographiques

Références

Liens externes

Mélodie française
Œuvre de Déodat de Séverac

Temps de neige


Kronan fue una serie de historietas de espada y brujería publicada por Brocal Remohí entre 1972 y 1977, pionera de la denominada viking-fantasy.

Trayectoria editorial
Jaime Brocal, que ya había alcanzado renombre internacional gracias a la serie Ögan, también de ambientación vikinga, empezó a serializar Kronan en el número 21 de la revista española Trinca. Apenas hacia un par de años que Marvel Comics había empezado a publicar su adaptación de Conan, lo que demuestra el olfato comercial de Brocal.

A pesar de su abrupto final, la editorial Doncel lanzó un álbum recopilatorio en mayo de 1973, como número 17 de su Colección Trinca.

No fue hasta 1977 que Brocal Remohí publicó dos episodios más en los números 4 y 5 de la revista "Blue Jeans" de la editorial Nueva Frontera: El Devorador y En los dominios de Wolfdrala, ambos en blanco y negro.

Valoración
Se ha escrito de Kronan que constituye ante todo un espectáculo, capaz de sustraer al lector de lo cotidiano gracias a la fuerza de su narración.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
Brocal Remohí, in memoriam por Félix Velasco para "Tebeosfera"

Historietas de España
Historieta fantástica

Kronan (historietas)


The genus Dendragapus  contains two closely related species of grouse that have often been treated as a single variable taxon (blue grouse). The two species are the dusky grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) and the sooty grouse (Dendragapus fuliginosus).  In addition, the spruce grouse and Siberian grouse have been considered part of this genus.

Description
These are large grouse that inhabit highland regions of North America and Eurasia. The sooty grouse is found in the Pacific Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada, and the dusky grouse in the Rocky Mountains. These two taxa were originally regarded as separate species, but were considered conspecific for much of the twentieth century. However, in 2006 the American Ornithologists' Union re-split them, following the DNA-based work of Barrowclough et al. (2004). whose results supported the earlier work of Brooks (1929) who regarded the two taxa as separate species based on morphology, behavior and vocalizations. The precise ranges of the two species are well-defined in the south, separated by extensive areas of unsuitable forest-free habitat, but somewhat uncertain in the north of the range of the genus where there is no separation; Barrowclough et al.'s study did not include these northern populations.

Adults have a long square tail, gray at the end (lighter in the sooty grouse). Adult males are mainly dark (especially sooty grouse) with a yellow (sooty grouse) or purplish (dusky grouse) throat air sac surrounded by white, and a yellow (sooty grouse) or yellow-to-red (dusky grouse) wattle over the eye during display. Adult females of both species are mottled brown with dark brown and white marks on the underparts.

Their breeding habitat is the edges of conifer and mixed forests in mountainous regions of North America and Eurasia. Their range is closely associated with that of various conifers. The nest is a scrape on the ground concealed under a shrub or log.

All species have healthy populations, except for some population decline and habitat loss of the sooty grouse at the southern end of its range in southern California, and the Siberian grouse which is considered near-threatened.

Species

Extant Species

Fossils
Late Pleistocene fossil species that have been described are Dendragapus gilli (western and west-central US), initially placed in a distinct genus Palaeotetrix, and Dendragapus lucasi (known only from Fossil Lake, US).

References

Bird genera

Dendragapus


Putevi duhana su bosanskohercegovački dokumentarni film rađen u koprodukciji produkcijskih kuća Scena, Olimp i Kadar. Film je potpomognut sredstvima Fondacije za kinematografiju i Hrvatskog audiovizualnog centra. Redatelj je Mirko Pivčević, dok je scenarij napisao književnik Josip Mlakić.

Film govori o duvandžijama, krijumčarima duhana iz Hercegovine i Središnje Bosne. Osim izjava preživjelih svjedoka film sadrži i igrane scene snimljene na Raduši, Vranu, Čvrsnici i Makljenu.

Premijerno je prikazan 7. travnja 2018. u Uskoplju.

Izvori

Dokumentarni filmovi
Bosanskohercegovački filmovi
Filmovi 2010-ih

Putevi duhana (2018.)


معرض طرابلس الدولي في مدينة طرابلس، ليبيا. هو معرض تجاري دولي تقوم فيه شركات ليبية وأجنبية بعرض منتجات شركاتهم في مختلف النشاطات ويقام في شهر أبريل من كل عام إضافة لحضور عدد من الوزراء والشخصيات التجارية لفعاليات المعرض سنويا.

تاريخ المعرض

يعتبر معرض طرابلس الدولي أقدم المعارض التجارية في أفريقيا والعالم العربي حيث ظهرت فكرة إنشائه في العام 1926 لتفتتح أولى دوراته في العام 1927. وفي البداية عرضت في المعرض المنتجات الزراعية والمصنوعات من مختلف المناطق الإيطالية، إضافة إلى تسويقه للفنادق والمنشآت التي اعتزمت إيطاليا والتي كانت تستعمر ليبيا في ذلك الوقت إنشائها. وكان إنشاء المعرض في غير موقعه الحالي في المدينة والذي انتقل إليه مع الدورة الثالثة في العام 1929 وقد استمر المعرض حتى الدورة 13 حيث توقف في العام 1939 مباشرة قبل بدأ الحرب العالمية الثانية. ليعود ويزاول نشاطه في العام 1962، كما أن المعرض انضم في العام 1929 إلى «اتحاد المعارض الدولية» الذي تأسس في باريس سنة 1925.

مقر معرض طرابلس الدولي في تقاطع شارع عمر المختار وشارع طارق. ويعد مبنى المعرض من المباني الأثرية في المدينة وقد تميز بواجهته الكبيرة لدرجة وضعها على طوابع بريدية بينها طابع بريدي صدر في العام 1930 من قبل إيطاليا بمناسبة الدورة الرابعة من معرض طرابلس الدولي.
حاليا الجهة المنظمة للمعرض هي الهيئة العامة للمعارض في ليبيا وتنطلق فعاليات المعرض في الفترة ما بين (2 إلى 12 أبريل) من كل عام. وقد شاركت في دورة 2008 ما يقارب 1500 شركة ليبية وعالمية في المعرض ومن مختلف التخصصات.

موقع جديد للمعرض
بسبب المساحة المحدودة لموقع المعرض فقد تقرر اختيار موقع جديد للمعرض تبلغ مساحته 47.5 هكتار في منطقة طريق السواني في المدينة.

مصادر

وصلات خارجية
موقع معرض طرابلس الدولي

اقتصاد ليبيا
طرابلس
معارض تجارية
مهرجانات أسست في 1927
أحداث دورية أسست في 1927

معرض طرابلس الدولي


أرمينية العظمى أو أرمينيا المتحدة (مصطلح يستخدمه "الاتحاد الثوري الأرمني")  هي فكرة أرمينية هدفها التوحد مع المناطق التي تحتوي على العرقية الأرمينية «والتي هي أرمنية عرقياً وتاريخياً» وانضمامها إلى الجمهورية الأرمينية. ويعرف عن تلك المناطق أنها عانت من الإبادة الجماعية للأرمن.

مفهوم الاتحاد الثوري ينص على أخذ المناطق المطالب بها ضمن معاهدة سيفر والتي تتضمن:
 أرمينيا الغربية: وهي في شرق تركيا ومطالب بها في المعاهدة.
 قرة باغ: منطقة تعتبر تابعة لأرمينيا قديماً، وهي دولة حبيسة وجمهورية مستقلة (داخل أذربيجان) حاليا، كانت لها صراعاتها مع أذربيجان.
 جافاخيتي: منطقة حاليا في جورجيا، تدعى جافاخك الأرمنية.
 ناخيتشفان: جيب خارجي شبه منفصل عن أذربيجان، كانت سابقا تابعة لأرمينيا.

انظر أيضًا

 القومية الأرمنية

مصادر

الشرق الأوسط
العلاقات الأرمنية التركية
جمهورية أرمينيا الأولى
قومية أرمنية
مصطلحات سياسية
نزاعات
وحدوية

أرمينيا الموحدة


පහත දැක්වෙන්නේ, රටවල්, semi-recognized රටවල් සහ  codification අනුව ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථා ලැයිස්තුවක් වේ.

ස්වයිරී රාජ්‍ය (එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සාමාජික සහ නිරීක්ෂක තත්ත්ව දරණ)

පිළිගැනීමට ලක්නොවූ සහ අර්ධ ලෙස පිළිගැනීමට ලක්වූ රටවල්

ආශ්‍රිත
 Constitution Day
 Constitutional documents
 Constitutional law
 State constitution (United States)

මූලාශ්‍ර

 List
Constitutions
National constitutions

ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථා ලැයිස්තුව


Carl Barks () a fost un caricaturist, pictor și autor de benzi desenate american. El este cel mai cunoscut pentru activitatea de creație a cărților de benzi desenate cu personaje Disney, mai ales în calitate de autor și artist al primelor benzi desenate cu Donald Duck și de creator al personajului Scrooge McDuck. El a lucrat anonim la începutul carierei sale; fanii l-au numit The Duck Man și The Good Duck Artist. În 1987 Barks a fost unul dintre primii trei artiști care au fost incluși în Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame.

Barks a lucrat pentru companiile Disney Studio și Western Publishing, creând orașul ficțional Duckburg și pe mulți dintre locuitorii săi, precum Scrooge McDuck (1947), Gladstone Gander (1948), Beagle Boys (1951), The Junior Woodchucks (1951), Gyro Gearloose (1952), Cornelius Coot (1952), Flintheart Glomgold (1956), John D. Rockerduck (1961) și Magica De Spell (1961). Will Eisner l-a numit "Hans Christian Andersen al cărților de benzi desenate".

Biografie
Barks s-a născut în Merrill, Oregon, ca fiu al lui William Barks și al soției sale, Arminta Johnson. A avut un frate mai mare pe nume Clyde. Bunicii paterni au fost David Barks și soția lui, Ruth Shrum. Bunicii materni ai lui Barks au fost Carl Johnson și soția sa, Suzanna Massey, dar se cunosc puține informații despre strămoșii lui. Barks era descendentul lui Jacob Barks, care a venit în MisBarks, souri din Carolina de Nord în jurul anului 1800 și a locuit în orășelul Marble Hill din comitatul Bollinger. Fiul lui Jacob Barks, Isaac, a fost tatăl lui David Barks menționat mai sus.

În decembrie 1918, el a părăsit casa tatălui său pentru a încerca să găsească un loc de muncă la San Francisco, California. El a lucrat pentru un timp într-o mică editură în timp ce a încercat să-și vândă ziarelor desenele sale și alte materiale tipărite; a avut însă parte de puțin succes.

În noiembrie 1935, când a aflat că Walt Disney căuta mai mulți artiști pentru studioul său, Barks a hotărât să candideze pentru un post. A fost acceptat pentru o perioadă de probă și s-a mutat în Los Angeles, California. Barks a fost unul din cei doi stagiari care a fost angajat definitiv. Salariul său de pornire a fost de 20 de dolari pe săptămână. El a început să lucreze pentru compania Disney Studios în 1935, la mai mult de un an după prima apariție pe ecran a lui Donald Duck pe 9 iunie 1934, în scurtmetrajul de desene animate The Wise Little Hen.

În 1937, când Donald Duck a devenit vedeta unui serial propriu de desene animate în loc să fie doar un personaj în serialul cu Mickey Mouse și Goofy ca până atunci, a fost format un nou grup de povestitori și desenatori dedicat exclusiv acestui serial. Deși contribuise inițial doar cu câteva idei la unele desene animate cu rațe în 1937, Barks a conceput idei de povești (în principal cu partenerul lui, Jack Hannah) care au fost desenate pe caiete și, dacă erau aprobate de Walt Disney, intrau în producție. El a colaborat la unele desene animate ca Donald's Nephews (1938), Donald's Cousin Gus (1939), Mr. Duck Steps Out (1940), Timber (1941), The Vanishing Private (1942) și The Plastics Inventor (1944).

După ce a plecat de la Disney Studio, Barks s-a mutat în zona Hemet/San Jacinto din regiunea demideșertică de la est de Los Angeles, unde a sperat să înființeze o fermă de pui.

Dar pentru a-și câștiga existența în acest timp a întrebat compania Western Publishing, care publicase serialul Pirate Gold, dacă avea nevoie de artiști pentru benzile desenate cu Donald Duck. A fost angajat imediat pentru a ilustra o poveste de zece pagini cu Donald Duck pentru revista lunară Walt Disney's Comics and Stories. La invitația editurii a revizuit povestea, iar îmbunătățirile aduse l-au impresionat suficient pe redactor pentru a-i cere lui Barks să creeze atât poveștile, cât și ilustrațiile următoarelor povești.

El i-a înconjurat pe Donald Duck și pe nepoții Huey, Dewey și Louie, cu un colectiv de personaje excentrice și pline de culoare, precum Scrooge McDuck, cea mai bogată rață din lume; Gladstone Gander, verișorul norocos al lui Donald; inventatorul Gyro Gearloose; perseverenții Beagle Boys; vrăjitoarea Magica De Spell; rivalii lui Scrooge Flintheart Glomgold și John D. Rockerduck; nepoatele lui Daisy, April, May și June; vecinul lui Donald, Jones, și membrii organizației The Junior Woodchucks.

Carl Barks s-a pensionat în 1966, dar a fost convins de redactorul Chase Craig să continue să scrie povești pentru compania Western. Ultima poveste nouă de benzi desenate creată de Carl Barks a fost o poveste cu Daisy Duck ("The Dainty Daredevil"), publicată în nr. 5 (noiembrie 1968) al revistei Walt Disney Comics Digest. Când bibliograful Michael Barrier l-a întrebat pe Barks de ce a desenat-o, Barks și-a amintit vag că nimeni nu era disponibil și că a fost rugat să-i facă o favoare lui Craig.

În 1983 Barks s-a mutat pentru ultima oară la Grants Pass, Oregon, în apropierea locului unde a crescut, în parte la îndemnul prietenului Russell Myers, un artist al revistei de benzi desenate Broom Hilda, care locuia în zonă. Această mutare a fost motivată de Barks într-o celebră epigramă că Temecula era prea aproape de Disneyland și determina un număr mare de fani să-l caute când veneau în vacanță. În această perioadă Barks a avut o singură apariție în public, la un magazin de benzi desenate din apropierea localității Grants Pass.

Barks și-a petrecut ultimii ani într-o casă nouă din Grants Pass, Oregon, pe care el și Garé, care a murit în 1993, au construit-o lângă casa lor inițială. În iulie 1999 el a fost diagnosticat cu leucemie limfocitară cronică, o formă de cancer caracterizată prin creșterea numărului leucocitelor din măduva osoasă, pentru care a efectuat chimioterapie. Cu toate acestea, din moment ce boala a progresat, cauzându-i mari suferințe, Barks a decis să oprească tratamentul în iunie 2000. În ciuda faptului că se afla în faza terminală a bolii, Bakes a rămas, potrivit însoțitoarei Serene Hunicke, "amuzant până la sfârșit".

Pe 25 august 2000, la scurt timp după miezul nopții, Carl Barks a murit liniștit în somn, la vârsta de 99 de ani. El a fost îngropat în cimitirul Hillcrest Memorial din Grants Pass, alături de mormântul lui Garé.

Note

Bibliografie

  [The book contains some of the most important interviews Barks made between 1962 and 2000 (Thomas Andrae, Michael Barrier, Bill Blackbeard, E. B. Boatner, Glenn Bray, Paul Ciotti, Sébastien Durand, Bob Foster, Didier Ghez, Stephen Gong, Leonardo Gori, Bruce Hamilton, Gottfried Helnwein, Markku Kivekäs, Michael Naiman, Bill Spicer, Francesco Stajano, Klaus Strzyz, Edward Summer, Erik Svane, Don Thompson, Maggie Thompson, Malcolm Willits, Nicky Wright, and Lynda Ault).]

Lectură suplimentară

 Barks, Carl & Summer, Edward: Walt Disney's Uncle Scrooge McDuck: His Life and Times. Berkeley (Ca.): Celestial Arts, 1981 (first trade edition 1987).

 Helnwein, Gottfried (ed.): 'Wer ist Carl Barks' (Who is Carl Barks?), texts by Roy Disney, Gottfried Helnwein, Carsten Laqua, Andreas Platthaus und Ulrich Schröder. .
 Moliné, Alfons (2007). Carl Barks, un viento ácrata. Madrid: Ediciones Sinsentido, Colección Sin palabras, serie A, núm. 16.

 Summer, Edward. "Of Ducks and Men: Cark Barks Interviewed. Panels #2 (1981).

Legături externe

 Carl Barks at the Lambiek Comiclopedia

 The HTML Barks base
 List of Carl Barks interviews and articles in the international press.
 The Unexpurgated Carl Barks. Hamilton Comics, 1997.
 Carl Barks site edited by Peter Barks Kylling
 Thoughts on Carl Barks's Hundredth Birthday – An essay by Michael Barrier
  – A finding Guide by Tony Gardner
 The "Donald Duck as prior art" case – Patent case discussion on Ius Mentis

Nașteri în 1901
Decese în 2000
Ilustratori americani
Scriitori americani din secolul al XX-lea
Atei americani
Decese cauzate de leucemie
Desenatori de bandă desenată

Carl Barks


أقيمت الانتخابات التاسعة لمجلس الأمة الكويتي في عام 1999 بعد حل مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1996، وقد وزعت المناطق على حسب نظام الخمسة وعشرون دائرة التي يفوز فيها أصحاب المركزين الأول والثاني.

توزيع الدوائر الانتخابية

الدائرة الأولى
 منطقة الشرق
 منطقة الدسمة
 منطقة المطبة
 منطقة دسمان
 منطقة بنيد القار

الدائرة الثانية
 منطقة المرقاب
 ضاحية عبد الله السالم

الدائرة الثالثة
 منطقة القبلة
 منطقة الشويخ
 منطقة الشامية

الدائرة الرابعة
 منطقة الدعية
 منطقة الشعب
 جزيرة فيلكا وسائر الجزر

الدائرة الخامسة
 منطقة القادسية
 منطقة المنصورية

الدائرة السادسة
 منطقة الفيحاء
 منطقة النزهة

الدائرة السابعة
 منطقة كيفان

الدائرة الثامنة
 منطقة حولي
 منطقة ميدان حولي
 منطقة النقرة
 منطقة بيان
 منطقة مشرف

الدائرة التاسعة
 منطقة الروضة

الدائرة العاشرة
 منطقة العديلية
 منطقة الجابرية
 منطقة السرة

الدائرة الحادية عشر
 منطقة الخالدية
 منطقة قرطبة
 منطقة اليرموك

الدائرة الثانية عشر
 منطقة السالمية
 منطقة البدع
 منطقة سلوى
 منطقة الراس

الدائرة الثالثة عشر
 منطقة الرميثية

الدائرة الرابعة عشر
 منطقة أبرق خيطان
 منطقة خيطان الجديدة

الدائرة الخامسة عشر
 منطقة الفروانية
 منطقة عين بغزي

الدائرة السادسة عشر
 منطقة العمرية
 منطقة الرابية
 منطقة الرقعي
 منطقة الأندلس

الدائرة السابعة عشر
 منطقة جليب الشيوخ
 منطقة الشدادية
 منطقة صيهد العوازم
 منطقة العضيلية
 منطقة العارضية

الدائرة الثامنة عشر
 منطقة الصليبيخات
 منطقة الدوحة
 منطقة أمغرة
 منطقة غرناطة

الدائرة التاسعة عشر
 منطقة الجهراء الجديدة
 منطقة الصليبية والمساكن الحكومية

الدائرة العشرون
 منطقة الجهراء وحدود الكويت مع العراق شمالا وغربا وحدود الكويت مع السعودية حتى المتياهة.

الدائرة الحادية والعشرون
 مدينة الأحمدي
 منطقة المقوع
 منطقة واره
 منطقة الصبيحية
 منطقة الجعيدان حتى حدود الكويت مع السعودية
 منطقة هدية
 منطقة الفنطاس
 منطقة المهبولة
 منطقة أبو حليفة
 منطقة الفنيطيس
 منطقة المسيلة
 ضاحية صباح السالم

الدائرة الثانية والعشرون
 منطقة الرقة

الدائرة الثالثة والعشرون
 منطقة الصباحية

الدائرة الرابعة والعشرون
 منطقة الفحيحيل
 منطقة المنقف

الدائرة الخامسة والعشرون
 منطقة أم الهيمان
 ميناء عبد الله
 منطقة الزور
 منطقة الوفرة حتى حدود الكويت الجنوبية مع السعودية.

الفائزون حسب الدوائر

الدائرة الأولى
 عدنان عبد الصمد
 صالح عاشور

الدائرة الثانية
 عبد الوهاب راشد الهارون
 عبد الله محمد النيباري

الدائرة الثالثة
 محمد جاسم الصقر
 جاسم الخرافي

الدائرة الرابعة
 عبد المحسن يوسف جمال
 عبد الله يوسف الرومي

الدائرة الخامسة
 أحمد يعقوب باقر
 عبد العزيز عبد اللطيف المطوع

الدائرة السادسة
 مشاري جاسم العنجري
 مشاري محمد العصيمي

الدائرة السابعة
 وليد مساعد الطبطبائي
 أحمد دعيج الدعيج

الدائرة الثامنة
 حسن عبد الله جوهر
 عبد المحسن مدعج المدعج

الدائرة التاسعة
 فيصل فهد الشايع
 ناصر جاسم الصانع

الدائرة العاشرة
 صالح يوسف الفضالة
 سامي المنيس

الدائرة الحادية عشر
 أحمد عبد العزيز السعدون
 أحمد الربعي

الدائرة الثانية عشر
 مخلد راشد العازمي
 سالم عبد الله الحماد

الدائرة الثالثة عشر
 حسين علي القلاف
 صلاح عبد الرضا خورشيد

الدائرة الرابعة عشر
 وليد مناحي العصيمي
 حمود ناصر الجبري

الدائرة الخامسة عشر
 مبارك براك الهيفي
 عيد هذال الرشيدي

الدائرة السادسة عشر
 مبارك فهد الدويلة
 مبارك بنيه الخرينج

الدائرة السابعة عشر
 مسلم محمد البراك
 حسين مزيد الديحاني

الدائرة الثامنة عشر
 خلف دميثير العنزي
 عبد الله العرادة

الدائرة التاسعة عشر
 محمد خليفه الخليفة
 أحمد نصار الشريعان

الدائرة العشرون
 محمد محسن البصيري
 طلال مبارك العيار

الدائرة الحادية والعشرون
 وليد خالد الجري
 سعدون حماد العتيبي

الدائرة الثانية والعشرون
 سعد بن طامي
 مبارك عبد الله صنيدح

الدائرة الثالثة والعشرون
 خميس طلق عقاب
 فهد دهيسان الميع

الدائرة الرابعة والعشرون
 راشد سيف الحجيلان
 فهد مبارك الهاجري

الدائرة الخامسة والعشرون
 مشعل مجبل العازمي
 مرزوق فالح الحبيني

مراجع

الكويت في 1999
الانتخابات في الكويت
انتخابات آسيا في 1999
انتخابات غير حزبية

انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1999


Sir John Randolph "Shane" Leslie, 3. Baronet (* 24. September 1885 in Glaslough, County Monaghan, Irland; † 14. August 1971 ebenda) war ein irischer Schriftsteller, der vor allem durch seine 1917 unter dem Titel The End of a Chapter erschienene Studie über die Generation vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg bekannt wurde.

Leben
Leslie, Sohn einer protestantischen irischen Familie, Enkel des Malers und konservativen Parlamentsabgeordneten Sir John Leslie, 1. Baronet, studierte an der Universität von Paris sowie am King's College der University of Cambridge. Während des Studiums unternahm er 1907 eine Reise nach Russland, wo er Lew Nikolajewitsch Tolstoi traf. Nach seiner Rückkehr konvertierte er 1908 zum römisch-katholischen Glauben.

Bei den Wahlen zum britischen House of Commons kandidierte er 1910 für die Irish Nationalist Party ohne Erfolg für einen Sitz im Unterhaus.

1916 verfasste er mit The End of a Chapter eine gelungene Darstellung der Generation vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg. Das darauf folgende Buch The Celt and the World versuchte die anglophoben irischstämmigen Einwohner der USA für die alliierten Anliegen zu begeistern und beeinflusste den jungen Schriftsteller F. Scott Fitzgerald. Allerdings geriet das Werk in Vergessenheit und wurde niemals in Großbritannien veröffentlicht.

Leslie schrieb darüber hinaus einige beeindruckende Romane, die auf seiner eigenen Kindheit und Jugend beruhten, sowie Gedichte und Kurzgeschichten. Außerdem untersuchte er die Beziehung und die formlose Ehe zwischen König Georg IV. und Maria Anne Fitzherbert.

Beim Tod seines Vaters, des Parlamentsabgeordneten Sir John Leslie, 2. Baronet, erbte er 1944 dessen Adelstitel eines Baronet, of Glaslough in the County of Monaghan.

Veröffentlichungen
 The End of a Chapter, 1916
 Verses in peace and war, 1916
 Henry Edward Manning, 1921
 Doomsland, 1923
 Mark Sykes, 1923
 The Cantab, 1926
 George the Fourth, 1926
 The Anglo-Catholic, 1929
 Jutland, 1930
 Memoir of John Edward Courtenay Bodley, 1930
 Studies in sublime failure, 1932
 The Oppidan, 1933
 The Oxford Movement 1833 to 1933, 1933
 The Passing Chapter, 1934
 Men were different, 1937
 Mrs. Fitzherbert, 1939
 The letters of Mrs Fitzherbert and connected papers, 1940
 Poems from the North, 1945
 The Irish tangle for English readers, 1946
 Salutation to Five, 1951
 Lord Mulroy's Ghost, 1954
 Saint Patrick's Purgatory, 1961
 Shane Leslie's ghost book, 1964
 postum
 The cuckoo clock and other poems, 1987

Hintergrundliteratur
 Laura Balomiri: Facts and fictions of Anglo Irishness : the novels of Shane Leslie against the background of his essayistic work, Magisterarbeit, Universität Wien, 2001, ISBN 3-631-39164-1

Weblinks und Quellen

 Veröffentlichungen (Open Library)
 Chambers Biographical Dictionary, Edinburgh 2002, S. 918, ISBN 0-550-10051-2

Autor
Sachliteratur
Roman, Epik
Lyrik
Baronet
Shane
Ire
Geboren 1885
Gestorben 1971
Mann

Shane Leslie


Alptekin Cevherli (d. 3 Ocak 1975, Ankara), Türk siyasetçi ve yazardır.

Tüm öğrenim hayatı İstanbul'da geçmiş olup, Aksaray Mahmudiye İlkokulu ardından bir yıl Fatih Erkek Koleji'nde İngilizce eğitimi almıştır. Sonra, Fatih Ahmet Rasim Lisesi, ardından İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Kamu Yönetimi Bölümü'nden 1998 yılında mezun olmuştur. Ayrıca Anadolu Üniversitesi Halkla İlişkiler Bölümü'nde öğrenim görmüştür.

1992 yılından beri çeşitli gazetelerde Türk dış politikası ve terör konulu yazıları yayınlanmakta olan yazarın ilk olarak 1992 yılında haftalık Ozden Gazetesi'nde başlayan yazı hayatı daha sonra aylık Ufuk Ötesi gazetesinde, Liberal Demokrat Gazetesi'nde, Fatih'in Sesi Gazetesi'nde, Star gazetesinde ve Yeniçağ gazetesinde devam etmiştir. Çeşitli radyo ve televizyonlarda Türk dış politikası ve dünya stratejileri üzerine mülâkatları yapılmaktadır.

2001 yılında Liberal Demokrat Parti Gaziosmanpaşa İlçe Yönetim Kurulu üyesi olarak faaliyet göstermiş olup 2002 Mayıs ayında bu görevden ayrılmış ve LDP İstanbul İl Yönetim Kurulu üyeliğine atanmıştır. Daha sonra 3 Kasım 2002 seçimlerine doğru LDP İstanbul İl Genel Sekreterliği görevine seçilmiştir. 2020 yılında Demokrasi ve Atılım Partisi Kocaeli İl Başkan Yardımcısı olarak seçilmiştir. Kendisinin ayrıca Türk Dünyası ile ilgili pek çok çalışmaları vardır.

USİAD'ın aylık Vizyon dergisinin Genel Yayın Müdürlüğü'nü gerçekleştirdikten sonra halen Bulgaristan Türkleri Kültür ve Hizmet derneğinin yayın organı olan Bul-Türk dergisinin Yazı İşleri Müdürlüğü'nü, ve siyasibakis.net adlı İnternet haber sitesinin yönetimini sürdürmektedir. Kocaeli'de Kent Konut A.Ş.'nin Basın ve Halkla İlişkiler Müdürlüğü görevini yürütmüştür. Kocaeli Büyükşehir Belediyesi'nde Basın-Yayın Koordinatörü olarak görevine devam etmiştir. 2019 yılında kendi yayınevini kurarak başına geçmiştir. Balkan Türkleri Derneği, Gaguzya Dostluk Derneği ve Kocaeli Rumeli Türkleri derneğinde çeşitli yönetim görevlerinde bulunmuştur.

2010 yılında 'Kocaeli Şairler ve Yazarlar Birliği' Başkanlığına seçilmiştir. 2020 yılında bu görevi bırakmıştır.

Gönül Gözlü Yâr, Altın Şafak Büyüsü, Kabala, Yapıcı, Sözün Özü, Kafes ve Kimliksiz adlı yayınlanmış yedi kitabı mevcuttur. Ayrıca Kocaeli Büyükşehir Belediyesi yayınlarından çıkan "Zaman Aynasında Bir Ulu Şehir Kocaeli" ve "Açık Hava Müzesi Kocaeli" gibi kitaplar ile yayın kurulunda bulunduğu pek çok eser bulunmaktadır.

1975 doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar
Türk siyasetçiler
Türk yazarlar
Kocaeli Büyükşehir Belediyesi yöneticileri

Alptekin Cevherli


Marlene José Bento, conhecida simplesmente como Marlene (Rio de Janeiro, 23 de junho de 1938 - Niterói, 27 de outubro de 2020) foi uma basquetebolista brasileira que ocupava a posição de pivô.

Biografia
Fez parte da Seleção Brasileira de Basquetebol Feminino com a qual conquistou a medalha de bronze nos Jogos Panamericanos de 1955, na Cidade de México; a medalha de prata nos Jogos Panamericanos de 1959, em Chicago e nos Jogos Panamericanos de 1963, em São Paulo; e a medalha de ouro nos Jogos Panamericanos de 1967, em Winnipeg, e nos Jogos Panamericanos de 1971, em Cali. Ademais, foi vencedora do Campeonato Sudamericano de Basquete feminino adulto no Peru (1958), no Brasil (1965), na Colômbia (1967), no Chile (1968) e no Equador (1970).

Por outro lado, participou da equipe que conquistou a medalha de bronze no Campeonato Mundial de Basquete Feminino de 1971, realizado no Brasil. Era candidata para ingressar dentro do grupo de Membros do Hall da Fama FIBA.

Morte
Marlene morreu em 27 de outubro de 2020, na cidade de Niterói.

Naturais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Desportistas nos Jogos Pan-Americanos de 1967
Basquetebolistas do Brasil

Marlene José Bento


Better Than Chocolate is a 1999 Canadian romantic comedy film shot in Vancouver and directed by Anne Wheeler.

Plot

Maggie (Karyn Dwyer) has moved out on her own and has started a relationship with Kim (Christina Cox). Maggie's mother Lila (Wendy Crewson) and brother are forced to move into her loft sublet with her, but unaware that she is a lesbian. Maggie's freedom is compromised, and she believes she must keep her blossoming affair a secret. The clandestine romance introduces Maggie's family to a host of new experiences, many of which are "better than chocolate". The story features Judy, a friend of Maggie's who is a transgender woman. Judy develops a friendship with Maggie's Mom and helps her to repair her relationship with her daughter. Judy's love interest is Frances, owner of the book shop in which Maggie works and purveyor of LGBT literature.

Cast
 Karyn Dwyer as Maggie
 Christina Cox as Kim
 Peter Outerbridge as Judy
 Ann-Marie MacDonald as Frances
 Wendy Crewson as Lila, Maggie's Mom
 Kevin Mundy as Paul, Maggie's Brother
 Marya Delver as Carla
 Tony Nappo as Tony
 Jay Brazeau as Mr. Marcus
 Beatrice Zeilinger as Bernice
 Veena Sood as Religious Zealot

Background
The film was created with a budget of $1.6 million. It was co-produced by Peggy Thompson and Sharon McGowan.

The film takes its name from a lyric in Sarah McLachlan's song "Ice Cream", "Your love is better than chocolate". Veena Sood, the sister of McLachlan's then-husband Ashwin Sood, has a small role in the film as a religious protester.

The plot line about the bookstore is a fairly direct reference to Vancouver's Little Sister's Book and Art Emporium and its travails with Canada Customs.  The bookstore is thanked in the credits. Ann-Marie MacDonald, who plays the bookstore's owner, is a well-known Canadian author.

The movie poster, which shows two women embracing and one woman's naked back, was banned by the Hong Kong Television and Entertainment Licensing Authority as it was deemed "offensive to public morality, decency and ordinary good taste."  An advertisement in the San Diego Union-Tribune was also removed, due to the word "lesbian" being present on the movie poster.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack of the film was released as a CD in 1999 on Lakeshore Records.
Track listing
 Sexy - West End Girls
 When I Think Of You - Melanie Dekker
 32 Flavors - Ani DiFranco
 Julie Christie - Lorraine Bowen
 Perfect Fingers - Tami Greer
 Let's Have Sex - Studio Kings 2.0/Trippy
 In My Mind - Trippy
 My Place - Edgar
 I'm Not A Fucking Drag Queen - Peter Outerbridge
 Stand Up - Ferron
 Night - Feisty
 Long Gone - Kelly Brock
 Pure (You're Touching Me) - West End Girls

Reception

Stephen Holden of the New York Times gave the film a positive review and wrote: "the movie gushes with so much romantic optimism and good humor that it has the effervescence of an engaging musical comedy".

Awards
The film screened at film festivals around the world and was ranked 31st on The Hollywood Reporters Top 200 independent films list of 1999.

See also
 List of LGBT films directed by women

References

External links

 Better Than Chocolate at the Canadian Film Reference Library

1999 films
1990s English-language films
Canadian romantic comedy films
English-language Canadian films
Lesbian-related films
Canadian LGBT-related films
Films about trans women
1999 romantic comedy films
Films set in Vancouver
Films shot in Vancouver
Films directed by Anne Wheeler
1999 LGBT-related films
LGBT-related romantic comedy films
Trimark Pictures films
1990s Canadian films
English-language romantic comedy films
LGBT-related controversies in film
Advertising and marketing controversies in film
Obscenity controversies in film
Film controversies in Hong Kong
Film controversies in the United States

Better Than Chocolate


Diamant este o stație a premetroului din Bruxelles situată în comuna Schaerbeek din Regiunea Capitalei Bruxelles. Stația se află la intersecția autostrăzii  cu străzile Avenue des Cerisiers/Kerselarenlaan, Avenue de Roodebeek/Roodebeeklaan și Avenue Diamant/Diamantlaan și poartă numele acesteia din urmă. Diamant a fost construită în același timp cu A3 (E40), care se termină în zona stației și se bifurcă în câteva tuneluri și bretele.

Istoric
Stația Diamant a fost deschisă pe 2 mai 1972 și face parte din axa Centura Mare (anterior numită Linia 5) a Metroului din Bruxelles. Prin stație circulă tramvaiele liniilor  și .

Caracteristici
Stația are două linii și două peroane, dispuse de o parte și de alta a liniilor. În partea de nord a stației se află o rampă care permite tramvaielor accesul la suprafață.

Deasupra uneia din intrările în stație este expusă o lucrare a artistului în sticlă Michel Martens. În 33 de benzi verticale de diferite lățimi sunt fixate bucăți de oglindă în relief care sunt dispuse sub formă de zigzag. Ele creează o imagine în mișcare datorită luminii schimbătoare din pasajul subteran.

Linii de tramvai ale STIB în premetrou
  Heysel - Vanderkindere
  Rogier - Gara Boondael/Boondaal

Legături

Linii de autobuz ale STIB
  Brussels City (Gara Bruxelles-Luxembourg) - Brussels Airport (linie expres exploatată doar în zilele lucrătoare, care deservește doar patru stații)
  Luxembourg - Brussels Airport (exploatată doar în zilele lucrătoare, deservește doar stațiile în care nu opresc autobuzele liniei 12)
  Brabançonne - Konkel
  De Brouckère - Hof-ten-Berg
  Schuman - Kraainem

Linii de autobuz STIB Noctis
  Gara Centrală - Kraainem

Locuri importante în proximitatea stației
Teatrul 140
Cabaretul L'Os à moelle
Muzeul Clockarium
RTBF
VRT

Note

Vezi și
Premetroul din Bruxelles

Legături externe
Stația Diamant pe pagina oficială a MIVB-STIB

Galerie de imagini

Stații de premetrou din Bruxelles

Diamant (stație de premetrou din Bruxelles)


මද්දුමාගේ දොන් අශෝක ධම්මික ගුණවර්ධන (අශෝක ගුණවර්ධන)  ශ්‍රී ලාංකික උසස් පෙල සංයුක්ත ගණිත ගුරුවරයෙක්, යූ ටියුබර් වරයෙක් සහ සමාජ සේවකයෙකි. ඔහු 1974 මාර්තු 7 වනදා ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ උපත ලබා ඇත. මේ වනවිට ඔහු පානදුර ප්‍රදේශයේ ප්‍රසිද්ධ බාලිකා පාසලක සේවය කරන අතර, යූ ටියුබ් හරහා නොමිලේ උගන්වමින් සමාජ සේවයේ යෙදී සිටී. ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රසිද්ධ ආයතන තුල දේශන හා උපකාරක පංති පවත්වමින් දරුවන්ට උදව් කරයි.

ඔහුගේ පාසල් අධ්‍යාපනය හදාරා තිබෙන්නේ කලුතර විද්‍යාලයෙන් වන අතර උසස් අධ්‍යාපනය හදරා තිබෙන්නේ ජයවර්ධනපුර විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයෙනි.

දිනෙත් යනු ඔහුගේ පුතා වේ.

යොමු කිරීම්

අශෝක ගුණවර්ධන


Ketanji Brown Jackson, née Ketanji Onyika Brown le  à Washington D.C., est une avocate et juriste américaine.

Juge fédérale à partir de 2013, elle devient juge assesseur de la Cour suprême des États-Unis le 30 juin 2022, après avoir été confirmée par le Sénat américain le 7 avril, sur proposition du président Joe Biden.

Biographie

Jeunesse, formation et vie privée

Ketanji Onyika Brown naît le  à Washington D.C., et elle grandit à Miami, en Floride. Ses parents, qui sont diplômés d'universités historiquement noires, lui donnent un prénom africain et la coiffent et l'habillent à l'africaine. Ils sont d'abord enseignants, puis deviennent avocat et directrice d'école.
Ketanji Onyika Jackson obtient son baccalauréat universitaire (licence) au Harvard College en 1992, et  poursuit ses études à la faculté de droit de Harvard, où elle est rédactrice en chef de la Harvard Law Review. Elle obtient son Juris Doctor en 1996.

Depuis 1996, elle est mariée à Patrick Jackson, chirurgien avec qui elle a deux filles, Leila et Talia. Elle est protestante non dénominationnelle.

Carrière

Avocate et membre de l'United States Sentencing Commission
Elle commence sa carrière juridique par trois stages, notamment auprès du juge Stephen Breyer de la Cour suprême des États-Unis, en 1999-2000. Elle travaille ensuite dans des cabinets d'avocats privés de 1998 à 2003. De 2003 à 2005, elle est conseillère spéciale adjointe à l'United States Sentencing Commission (commission indépendante chargée de formuler les directives de détermination de peine). De 2005 à 2007, Ketanji Brown Jackson est l'assistante du défenseur public fédéral dans le district de Columbia, où elle traite des affaires devant la Cour d'appel des États-Unis pour le circuit du district de Columbia. De 2007 à 2010, elle est plaideuse en appel chez Morrison & Foerste. Le , le président Barack Obama la nomme au poste de vice-présidente de l'United States Sentencing Commission. Le Sénat américain confirme unanimement sa nomination le . Elle siège à la Sentencing Commission jusqu'en 2014.

Juge fédérale

Le , le président Obama propose Ketanji Onyika Jackson au poste de juge fédérale à la Cour de district des États-Unis pour le district de Columbia, au siège laissé vacant par le juge , qui a pris sa retraite le . Cette proposition fait l'objet d'aller-retour avec le Sénat et devient effective en 2014.

Fin , le président Joe Biden la nomme à 50 ans juge fédérale à la Cour d'appel des États-Unis pour le circuit du district de Columbia, une instance réputée pour l'importance des dossiers qui y sont examinés. Elle y succède à Merrick Garland, devenu ministre de la Justice.

Juge assesseure de la Cour suprême

En , Ketanji Brown Jackson est pressentie pour être nommée comme juge assesseur de la Cour suprême des États-Unis après l'annonce de la démission de Stephen Breyer, son départ à la retraite étant prévu pour le 30 juin. Finalement, en février 2022, avec un décalage dû à la crise internationale provoquée par l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie, le président américain démocrate Joe Biden propose effectivement sa nomination à la Cour suprême, où elle deviendrait la sixième femme à siéger et la première femme noire. Cette proposition est confirmée le 7 avril suivant par le Sénat. Elle prête serment le 30 juin suivant.

Références

Liens externes

 whitehouse.gov: Portrait (anglais)

Naissance en septembre 1970
Naissance à Washington (district de Columbia)
Juriste américain
Avocate américaine
Étudiant de la faculté de droit de Harvard

Ketanji Brown Jackson


Archidela es un género de coleópteros adéfagos de la familia Carabidae.

Especies
Contiene las siguientes especies:

 Archidela darwini (Sloane, 1909)
 Archidela nigrina (W.J. MacLeay, 1888)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 ION
 Nomenclator Zoologicus

Cicindelina
Géneros de coleópteros

Archidela


En mathématiques, la fonction thêta de Riemann – Siegel est définie en termes de la fonction gamma :

pour t réel. Ici, l'argument est choisi de manière à obtenir une fonction continue et , c'est-à-dire de la même manière que la branche principale de la fonction log-gamma.

Son développement asymptotique est

qui n'est pas convergent, mais dont les premiers termes donnent une bonne approximation pour . Sa série de Taylor en 0 qui converge pour  est

où  désigne la fonction polygamma d'ordre . La fonction thêta de Riemann–Siegel est intéressante pour étudier la fonction zêta de Riemann, car elle peut faire pivoter la fonction zêta de Riemann de sorte qu'elle devienne la fonction Z à valeur totalement réelle sur la droite critique .

Analyse graphique
La fonction thêta de Riemann-Siegel est une fonction analytique réelle impaire sur les  réels avec trois racines  et . C'est une fonction croissante pour , et a des extrema locaux à , de valeur . Son seul point d'inflexion est en  avec , qui est le minimum de sa dérivée.

Thêta comme fonction de la variable complexe
Nous avons une expression de série infinie pour la fonction log-gamma

où γ est la constante d'Euler. En remplaçant z par  et en prenant la partie imaginaire terme à terme donne la série suivante pour θ(t)

Pour les valeurs avec une partie imaginaire entre −1 et 1, la fonction arctangente est holomorphe, et on voit facilement que la série converge uniformément sur les compacts dans la région de partie imaginaire comprise entre −1/2 et 1/2, donnant à une fonction holomorphe sur ce domaine. Il s'ensuit que la  est également holomorphe dans cette région, qui est la bande critique.

Nous pouvons utiliser les identités

pour obtenir l'expression de forme fermée

qui étend notre définition originale à une fonction holomorphe en t.

Points de Gram
La fonction zêta de Riemann sur la ligne critique peut s'écrire  où

Si  est un nombre réel, alors la fonction  renvoie des valeurs réelles. Par conséquent, la fonction zêta sur la ligne critique sera réelle lorsque . Les valeurs réelles positives de  où cela se produit sont appelés points de Gram, d' après J. P. Gram, et peuvent aussi être décrits comme les points où  est un entier. Un point de Gram est une solution  de  Ces solutions sont approchées par la suite :

où  est la fonction W de Lambert. Voici les plus petits points de Gram positifs

Les points Gram sont utiles pour calculer les zéros de . À un point de Gram

et si celle-ci est positive en deux points de Gram successifs,  doit avoir s'annuler dans l'intervalle.

Selon la loi de Gram, la partie réelle est généralement positive tandis que la partie imaginaire alterne avec les points de Gram, entre des valeurs positives et négatives à intervalles assez réguliers.

Le nombre de racines, , dans la bande 0 à T, est donné par

où  est un terme d'erreur qui croît asymptotiquement comme .

Si  obéissait à la loi de Gram, alors le nombre de racines dans la bande deviendrait simplement

Or lorsque T croit, on sait que la loi de Gram échoue pour environ 1/4 de tous les intervalles de Gram, le premier échec est à l'indice 126, avant le 127 zéro.

Références

 Gabcke, W. (1979), Neue Herleitung und explizierte Restabschätzung der Riemann-Siegel-Formel . Thèse, Université de Göttingen. Version révisée (eDiss Göttingen 2015)

Liens externes

 Wolfram Research – Riemann-Siegel Theta function

Bernhard Riemann
Fonction zêta
Pages avec des traductions non relues

Fonction thêta de Riemann-Siegel


A garage band is a musical group that has obtained little fame or fortune, and therefore is typically relegated—at least metaphorically—to rehearsing and recording not in a rented studio or while being paid to perform on stage like more successful groups, but rather in someone's garage.

It may also refer to:
 A band that performs music in the garage rock genre
 GarageBand, audio production software published by Apple
 GarageBand.com (2003–2010), a website that helped publicize emerging bands
 Garage Band (comics), a 2005 European graphic novel by Gipi
 Grojband, a Canadian/American animated television series.

Garage band (disambiguation)


El caballo Jomud o Yomud es una raza de caballo de silla de Turkmenistán, procedente del antiguo y extinto caballo turcomano. Es una raza muy resistente y bien adaptada a la vida en el desierto. Se usa como montura y como caballo de tiro ligero.

Historia
Los caballos Jomud son muy antiguos. Fueron desarrollados por la tribu Jomud en el oasis de Tashauz (Daşoguz, "fuente de piedra" en turcomano) a partir de caballos turcomanos de manera parecida a los Akhal-Teke. En el transcurso del  la raza recibió la influencia de caballos árabes. En los siglos siguientes hubo aportaciones de caballos kazajos, mongoles, turcomanos y Akhal-Teke. En 1983, con el objetivo de preservar la raza, se crearon algunas yeguadas. A partir de una cifra inicial de 149 yeguas se pretendía mantener un núcleo de cría del orden de 250 yeguas, suficiente para mantener la viabilidad genética. También se fundó una parada en el distrito de Kyzyl-Atrek.

Características

Los caballos Jomud tienen una altura de 145-152 cm. La cabeza es relativamente ligera con perfil recto o ligeramente convexo. El cuello es bastante grueso pero bien formado. Los hombros muestran una inclinación correcta. El pecho es ancho y la cruz está bien marcada. El dorso es largo y recto, normalmente con una depresión hacia la cruz. La grupa es inclinada. Las extremidades son musculosas, con articulaciones bien definidas y tendones destacados. Las uñas son duras y bien formadas.

Los pelajes habituales son el castaño, el negro y el alazán. Con un predominio de caballos liarts (resultado de la combinación del patrón liart y los pelajes "básicos" mencionados). También hay pelajes diluidos crema (bayo-crema, palomino).

La raza muestra la influencia de la región desértica y semidesértica donde se desarrolló. Los caballos Jomud están adaptados a las zonas áridas con poca agua. Tradicionalmente criados como animales de gran resistencia y con una disposición natural al salto, están bien adaptados a las competiciones modernas del tipo del Concurso completo de equitación.

La raza Jomud fue empleada en el desarrollo de la raza Lokai en Tayikistán.

Documentos sobre la tribu Jomud y sus caballos
La región de Turkmenistán fue visitada en el  por numerosos exploradores o viajeros que podrían ser clasificados como espías. Algunos de sus relatos hablan de los caballos turcomanos, de sus variedades y detalles sobre la cría, alimentación, entrenamiento y otros. También son interesantes otros documentos en forma original o con comentarios.

Referencias
 "Iomud" Oklahoma State University. Referenced January 5, 2008.
 The Encyclopedia of Horses and Ponies. Pickeral, Tamsin. Parragon Plus, 2001. ISBN 0752541587
 Simon & Schuster's Guide to Horses and Ponies. Bongianni, Maurizio. Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1988, pg. 53. ISBN 0671660683
 «Lokai». Oklahoma State University. [Consulta: December 26, 007].
 The Edinburgh new philosophical journal. A. and C. Black, 1844, 216– [Consulta: 14 de enero de 2011].
 James Bassett. Persia the Land of the Imams: A Narrative of Travel And Residence 1871 to 1885. Kessinger Publishing, 20 September 2004, 14–. ISBN 9781417949533 [Consulta: 14 de enero de 2011]. Pàg. 242.
 Samuel C. Wayte. Graceful riding: a pocket manual for equestrians. Robert Hardwicke, 1859, 32– [Consulta: 14 de enero de 2011].
 Marco Polo. The travels of Marco Polo. Plain Label Books, 1974, 592–. ISBN 9781603033008 [Consulta: 14 de enero de 2011].
 Walter Keating Kelly. Syria and the Holy Land: their scenery and their people. Being incidents of history and travel, from the best and most recent authorities, including J. L. Burckhardt, Lord Lindsay, and Dr. Robinson. Chapman and Hall, 1844, 272– [Consulta: 14 de enero de 2011].

Razas de caballo
Razas autóctonas de Turkmenistán

Jomud


Die Scottish Open 1982 im Badminton fanden vom 23. bis zum 24. Januar 1982 in Edinburgh statt.

Finalresultate

Einzelnachweise
 Badminton-Sport 30 (1982) (5), S. 13

1982
Badminton 1982
Badmintonwettbewerb in Edinburgh

Scottish Open 1982


Francesco Brancati (en  ;  – ), est un jésuite sicilien, missionnaire en Chine au .

Biographie
Francesco Brancati arriva dans l'Empire chinois en 1637, prit le nom chinois de Pan Kuo-kuang, et commença à prêcher l'Évangile dans les villes de Suzhou, de Sung-Kiang et Shanghai, dans la province de Jiangnan. À l'aide du nommé Jacques, fils unique du [kholao] ou ministre Paul, et favorisé par les magistrats, il y construisit plus de quatre-vingt-dix églises et quarante-cinq oratoires dans les divers bourgs et villages du voisinage de ces villes, où le nombre des chrétiens augmenta considérablement.

Pendant trente-deux ans, il propagea en Chine le christianisme, jusqu'à ce qu'en 1665, il fut renvoyé de Pékin à Canton, où il mourut en 1671. Son corps fut transporté de là à Nankin, et enterré définitivement à Shanghai, en dehors de la porte méridionale.

Œuvres
Francesco Brancati a publié, entre autres ouvrages chinois, un Traité sur l'Eucharistie, avec divers exemples, une Explication des dix commandements, une Réfutation des divinations et un catéchisme très célèbre qui porte le titre de T'ien-shen-hui k'o (天神會課), ou Entretien des anges. Cet ouvrage parut pour la première fois en 1661. L'archimandrite Hyacinthe Bitchourine, qui a été jusqu'en 1820 chef de la mission russe à Pékin, y a fait imprimer un extrait de ce catéchisme. Le P. Brancati a publié en latin :

 .

Références

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Naissance en 1601
Naissance à Palerme
Décès en avril 1671
Jésuite italien
Clergé italien du XVIIe siècle
Missionnaire catholique italien en Chine
Sinologue italien
Explorateur de la Chine
Décès à Canton (Chine)

Francesco Brancati


Flora şu anlamlara gelebilir:
 Flora, bir bölgede yetişen bitkilerin ortak adı, diğer bir deyimle Bitki örtüsü.
 Flora, Roma mitolojisinde çiçek ve bahar tanrıçası.

Flora


An Puelia schumanniana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Pilg.. An Puelia schumanniana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Puelia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Puelia

Puelia schumanniana


Team Virtu Cycling Women (før Team VéloCONCEPT Women og Team BMS BIRN) var et UCI Women's World Tour Team cykelhold fra Danmark, grundlagt i 2015. I november 2016 blev det annonceret, at Bjarne Riis og Lars Seier (Riis-Seier Project) overtog kvindeholdet BMS BIRN og herreholdet Team Trefor-Blue Water. Det nye navn for 2017 sæsonen blev Team VéloCONCEPT for begge hold. I juni 2017 blev den danskfødte cykelrytter Linda Villumsen en del af holdet. Hun blev verdensmester i enkeltstart i 2015. Den 11. september 2017 skiftede holdet navn fra Team VéloCONCEPT Women til Team Virtu Cycling Women. Det skete i forbindelse med at en ny ejer, Jan Bech Andersen, havde købt en tredjedel af aktierne i firmaet.

Store resultater
2016
1. plads i klassementet i Tour de Feminin-O cenu Českého Švýcarska, Cecilie Uttrup Ludwig
1. plads 1. & 5. etape, Cecilie Uttrup Ludwig
1. plads i  bjergklassifikationen Ladies Tour of Norway, Cecilie Uttrup Ludwig

Nationale mesterskaber
2016
 Danmark - enkeltastart, Cecilie Uttrup Ludwig
 Danmark - enkeltstart for juniorer, Simone Eg

Holdet

2019

Sejre

2018

Sejre

2017

Sejre

2016

Se også

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Cykelhold for kvinder
Ophørte cykelhold fra Danmark

Team Virtu Cycling Women


Sir Murray Gordon Halberg  (7 July 1933 – 30 November 2022) was a New Zealand middle-distance runner who won the gold medal in the 5000 metres event at the 1960 Olympics. He also won gold medals in the 3 miles events at the 1958 and 1962 Commonwealth Games. He worked for the welfare of children with disabilities since he founded the Halberg Trust in 1963.

Biography
Born in Eketāhuna on 7 July 1933, Halberg later moved to Owairaka in Auckland, and attended Avondale College. He was a rugby player in his youth, but suffered a severe injury during a game, leaving his left arm withered. The next year, he took up running, seemingly being only more motivated by his disability. In 1951, he met Arthur Lydiard, who became his coach. Lydiard had been a famous long-distance runner, and had new ideas on the training of athletes. Three years later, Halberg broke through, winning his first national title on the senior level.

At the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games he placed fifth in the mile. At the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, he placed eleventh in the 1500 metres. Halberg won the gold medal in the three miles at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games and later the same year became the first sub four-minute miler from New Zealand. He won the New Zealand Sportsman of the Year for 1958.

For the 1960 Rome Olympics, Halberg focused on the longer distances, entering in the 5000 and 10000 m. Halberg won the 5000 m gold, on the same day countryman Peter Snell was victorious in the 800 m. Halberg later placed fifth in the 10,000 m.

The following year, Halberg set four world records in events over imperial distances. After carrying the flag at the opening ceremonies, Halberg successfully defended his  three-mile title at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. He closed out his running career at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, finishing seventh in the 10,000 m.

In the 1961 New Year Honours, Halberg was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services to athletics. In the 1988 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Knight Bachelor, for services to sport and crippled children. In the 2008 Queen's Birthday Honours, Halberg was appointed to the Order of New Zealand. The following month he became only the fourth person to be awarded the Blake Medal, named after fellow countryman Sir Peter Blake, for his more than 50 years' service to athletics, and to children with disabilities. In 1963 he set up The Halberg Trust, which supports children with disabilities to be active in sport, creation and leisure. The organisation rebranded in 2012 to become the Halberg Disability Sport Foundation. For many years the organisation has managed the New Zealand Sportsman of the Year Award, which is now called the Halberg Awards.

Halberg House of Hutt International Boys' School is named after Sir Murray Halberg, and students in the house earn what are called "meter points" which relates to Sir Murray Halberg and his running career. Tauranga Boys' College also named a house after Sir Murray Halberg. Halberg Crescent, in the Hamilton suburb of Chartwell, is named in Halberg's honour.

Halberg died in Auckland on 30 November 2022, at the age of 89.

References

Bibliography
 A Clean Pair Of Heels: The Murray Halberg Story by Murray Halberg, with Garth Gilmour

External links

 Page with Photo, one of two at Sporting Heroes

|-

|-

1933 births
2022 deaths
New Zealand male middle-distance runners
New Zealand male long-distance runners
Olympic athletes for New Zealand
Olympic gold medalists for New Zealand
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for New Zealand
New Zealand Members of the Order of the British Empire
Members of the Order of New Zealand
New Zealand Knights Bachelor
New Zealand people of German descent
People in sports awarded knighthoods
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
People educated at Avondale College
People from Eketāhuna
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Medallists at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games

Murray Halberg


Kırklareli, Türkiye'nin Marmara Bölgesi'nin Trakya yakasında, doğuda Karadeniz, güneyde Tekirdağ, batıda Edirne ve kuzeyde Bulgaristan'nın Burgaz ili ile çevrili il.

Tarihçe
Kırklareli'nin bilinen ilk sakinleri tüm Trakya bölgesinde olduğu gibi Traklardır. MÖ 6. yüzyılda Yunanistan'a kadar uzanan büyük bir imparatorluk kuran İran soylu kavim Perslerin eline geçen bölge, MÖ 4. yüzyılda Büyük İskender önderliğindeki Makedonlar, MÖ 2. yüzyılda ise Romalıların hakimiyetine girer. Roma İmparatorluğu'nun 4. yüzyılda ikiye bölünmesiyle Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu'nun payına düşen Kırklareli, bu dönemde birçok Bulgar ve Peçenek istilası görmüştür. Şehrin Bizans dönemindeki adı "kırk kilise" anlamında Saranta Ekklesies'tir. 13. yüzyılda kısa bir Haçlı işgalinin ardından 1368 senesinde, Balkanlarda yayılan Türklerin egemenliğine girmiştir. Osmanlılar şehrin adını "Kırk Kilise" şeklinde Türkçeleştirmişlerdir, bu Bizans dönemindeki adının birebir tercümesidir. Bir görüşe göre Kırk Kilise ile kastedilen kırk adet kilise değil, "kırk azizler kilisesi" olsa gerektir (III. yüzyılın sonunda Sivas'ta din uğruna şehit olan kırk azizler efsanesi Anadolu Hristiyanlığının en popüler konularından biridir). Osmanlı döneminde Edirne Vilayeti'ne bağlı bir sancak merkezi olan Kırklareli, 93 Harbi'nde (1878) Rus, Balkan Harbi'nde (1912) Bulgar ve I. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra (1920-1922) Yunan işgali yaşamış, Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı'nın Türkler açısından zaferle sonuçlanmasıyla birlikte 10 Kasım 1922'de Türk topraklarına katılmıştır. 1924 yılında Kırkkilise milletvekili Dr. Fuad Bey (Umay) Meclis'teki müzakerelerden birinde, şehrin adının halk dilinde ve resmî olmayan kullanımlarda Kırklareli veya Kırklarili şeklinde geçtiğini belirterek şehrin adının "Kırklareli" olarak değiştirilmesine yönelik bir teklifte bulunmuştur; isim değişikliği teklifi 20 Aralık 1924'te TBMM'de kabul edilmiş ve ilgili kanun 14 Ocak 1925'te Resmî Gazate'de yayımlanarak yürürlüğe girmiştir.  "Kırkkilise" olan adında kilise sözcüğü geçtiği için değiştirilmiştir.

Coğrafya
Kuzeye doğru çıkıldıkça giderek sarplaşan ve Türkiye Trakyası'nın en yüksek noktasını teşkil eden 1031 m rakımlı Mahya Dağ'nin de bulunduğu Yıldız Dağları'na varılan ilin genelinde kara iklimi hüküm sürer. İlin en önemli akarsuyu Ergene, Kırklareli'nin güneyinde tarıma elverişli, dolayısıyla birçok yerleşim biriminin bulunduğu bir plato yaratmıştır.

İdari yapı

2021 yılı TÜİK verilerine göre merkez ilçeyle beraber 8 İlçe, 21 belediye, bu belediyelerde 108 mahalle ve ayrıca 179 köy vardır.

İlçeleri; Babaeski, Demirköy, Kırklareli, Kofçaz, Lüleburgaz, Pehlivanköy, Pınarhisar, Vize.

Yönetim

İllerde protokolde ilk sırada yer alan Vali, merkezi yönetimi temsil eder ve Cumhurbaşkanı tarafından atanır. Büyükşehir dışındaki illerde yerel yönetim, şehirler düzeyindedir. Belediye Başkanı, belediye sınırları içinde kalan seçmenin oy çokluğu ile seçilir. Ayni seçmen İlçe Belediye Meclisi için de oy kullanarak ilçelerin belediye meclislerini oluşturur. İldeki bütün seçmenler ayrıca il genel meclisi için de oy kullanarak, İl Genel Meclisinin oluşumunu sağlarlar.

İl genel meclisi ve belediye meclisi üyelikleri için yapılan seçimlerde, onda birlik baraj uygulamalı nispi temsil sistemi, belediye başkanlığı seçiminde ise çoğunluk sistemi uygulanır İl genel meclisi ve belediye meclisi üye sayıları ilçe nüfusuna göre, kontenjandan kalan sayıların partilere dağılımı ise D'Hondt Sistemine göre belirlenir (Kanun:2972-Madde:23)

İl Genel Meclisi, İl Özel İdaresinin karar organıdır, başkanını üyeleri arasından gizli oyla seçer. Ayrıca, İl Genel Meclisi kendi içinden gizli oyla bir yıl görev yapacak 5 kişilik İl Encümenini seçer.

Merkezi yönetim, Vali ve İl Müdürlerinden oluşur. İl Özel İdaresi (İl Genel Meclisi ve İl Encümeni) seçilmişlerden oluşur, ancak Vali başkanlığında görev yapar. Yerel yönetim ise belediye başkanları ve belediye meclislerinden oluşur.

Kırklareli Valisi, 1969-Antalya doğumlu Birol EKİCİ'dir. 12.5.2022/209 sayılı kararla Mülkiye Başmüfettişi  iken atanmıştır.

Kırklareli Belediye Başkanı, 1963-Vize doğumlu Mehmet Siyam Kesimoğlu'dur (CHP), 31 Mart 2019 seçimlerinde %39,31 oy oranıyla seçilmiştir. Kesimoğlu, bağımsız olarak seçilmiştir fakat 2021 yılında eski partisi olan CHP'ye tekrar geri dönmüştür.

2019 Türkiye yerel seçimleri sonuçlarına göre Kırklareli İl Genel Meclisi üye sayısı, 8 AK PARTİ, 15 CHP ve 1 MHP olmak üzere 24'dür. Kırklareli Belediye meclisi ise 15 CHP ve 10 MHP olmak üzere 25 üyeden oluşur.

2018 Genel seçimleri sonucu, Kırklareli'yi temsilen TBMM'e AKP'den 1 milletvekili (Selahattin Minsolmaz), CHP'den 2 milletvekili (Türabi Kayan, Vecdi Gündoğdu) seçilmiştir.

Nüfus
Güncel Nüfus Değerleri (TÜİK 6 Şubat 2023 verileri )

Kırklareli ili nüfusu: 369.347'dir. Bu nüfusun % 83,35'i şehirlerde yaşamaktadır (2022 sonu). İlin yüzölçümü 6.459  km2'dir. İlde  km2'ye 57 kişi düşmektedir. (Bu sayı Lüleburgaz'da  151'dir.) İlde yıllık nüfus artış oranı % 0,81 olmuştur. Nüfus artış oranı en yüksek ve en düşük ilçeler: Merkez ilçe (% 2,74)- Pınarhisar (-% 2,30)

06 Şubat 2023 TÜİK verilerine göre merkez ilçeyle beraber 8 İlçe, 21 belediye, bu belediyelerde 108 mahalle ve ayrıca 179 köy vardır.

{| class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="#33FFCC"
| colspan="12" |2022 yılı sonunda Kırklareli ili ve ilçelerinin yerleşim yeri ve  nüfusla ilgili sayısal bilgileri
|-
|-bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|İlçe
|Nüfus
2021
|Nüfus
2022
|Nüfus
Artışı %
|Belediye
Sayısı
|Mahalle
Sayısı
|Köy
Sayısı
|Köy
Nüfusu
|Şehir
nüfusu
|Şehirde
oturan %
|Alanı
 km2| km2'ye düşen kişi|-
|Babaeski
|46.624
|46.357
| -0,57
|4
|21
|31
|10.469
|35.888
|77,42
|670
|69
|-
|Demirköy
|8.871
|8.961
|1,01
|2
|5
|15
|2.961
|6.000
|66,96
|893
|10
|-
|Kofçaz
|2.251
|2.125
| -1,68
|1
|2
|16
|1.522
|603
|28,38
|545
|4
|-
|Lüleburgaz
|153.027
|153.903|0,57
|4
|33
|31
|15.896
|138.007
|89,67
|1016
|151|-
|Merkez|105.525
|108.550
|2,74|4
|25
|40
|14.600
|93.950
|86,55
|1623
|67
|-
|Pehlivanköy
|3.445
|3.380
| -1,91
|1
|3
|8
|1.726
|1.654
|48,93
|104
|33
|-
|Pınarhisar
|17.806
|17.402
|-2,30|2
|7
|14
|4.908
|12.494
|71,80
|518
|34
|-
|Vize
|28.814
|28.669
| -0,50
|3
|12
|24
|9.412
|19.257
|67,17
|1090
|26
|-
|-bgcolor="#AFEEEE"
|Kırklareli|366.363|369.347|0,81|21|108|179|61.494|307.853|83,35|6.459|57|}

 İlin yıllara göre nüfusları

 Ekonomi
İlin güneyinde tekstil ve gıda alanında yaklaşık 20.000 işçiyi istihdam eden sanayi üretim ağır basarken, kuzeyinde başat olarak buğday ve ayçiçeği ekimiyle tarım başlıca geçim kaynağı olma özelliğini sürdürmektedir. Türkiye'nin en büyük cam fabrikalarından Trakya Cam Sanayi ve Kırklareli Cam ile, Türkiye'deki ilk şeker fabrikası olan hâlen faal durumdaki Alpullu şeker.

 Konum

 Spor

2018-2019 Sezonu sonunda, Kırklareli'nin 2. Ligdeki takımı Kırklarelispor grubunu 8. tamamlamıştır. Bölgesel Amatör Lig (BAL)'daki iki takımı Kavaklıspor ve İstasyonspor küme düşmüşlerdir. Voleybol bölgesel liglerinde 4 takımı yer almıştır.

Ziraat Türkiye Kupası 'nda Kırklarelispor, 4.turda Yeni Malatyaspor 'a elenmiştir.

Önemli spor tesisleri: Atatürk Stadı (3.750) ve Merkez Atlatizm Pisti''' (3.000)' dir.

Folklor
Kırklarelinde Halk oyunları ekipleri yörenin çeşitli folklor oyunlarını oynarlar.

Bu oyunlardan birkaçı şunlardır:
 Kapçuk
 Kambana
 Kız Karşılaması
 Ali Paşa
 Ahmet Bey
 Arabaya Taş Koydum
 Bilal Oğlan

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Kırklareli Valiliği
 Kırklareli İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü
 Kırklareli Belediyesi

Kırklareli (il)


El arroyo Chileno Grande es un curso de agua uruguayo que atraviesa el departamento de Durazno perteneciente a la cuenca hidrográfica del Río de la Plata.

Nace en la cuchilla Grande del Durazno y desemboca en el arroyo del Blanquillo tras recorrer alrededor de 32 km.

Referencias

Cuenca del río Negro (Uruguay)
Chileno Grande
Chileno Grande

Arroyo Chileno Grande


Pastovce este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Levice din regiunea Nitra. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 487 de locuitori.

Localitatea este înfrățită cu Veresegyház.

Istoric
Localitatea Pastovce este atestată documentar din 1135.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Pastovce


Ewartia, manji biljni rod s Jugoistoka Australije (Novi Južni Wales, Victoria i Tasmanija) iz portodice zvjezdanovki (Asteraceae). Pripada mu najmanje 4 vrste, dok je endemska vrsta s Novog Zelanda, Ewartia sinclairii, dobila status zasebnog roda Ewartiothamnus.

Vrste
 Ewartia catipes (DC.) Beauverd
 Ewartia meredithae Beauverd
 Ewartia nubigena (F.Muell.) Beauverd
 Ewartia planchonii Beauverd

Izvori

Gnaphalieae

Ewartia (Plantae)