Et radiobevis er i Danmark et certifikat, der opnås efter aflæggelse af en særlig prøve. Hvis man ønsker at udøve radiotelefoni skal man have et radiobevis.

Det er et krav i uddannelsen til pilot og i mange maritime sammenhænge, at have et radiobevis.

Klasser

GEN
Giver retten til at udøve radio-telefoni på engelsk

BEG
Begrænset bevis, giver retten til at udøve radiotelefoni på engelsk i forbindelse med VFR-flyvning

N-BEG
Nationalt begrænset bevis, giver retten til at udøve radiotelefoni på dansk i forbindelse med VFR-flyvning

Kilder og henvisninger

Bekendtgørelse om radioprøver og certifikater i GMDSS på retsinformation.dk hentet 28. marts 2019

Radioteknik

Radiobevis


Rowland Hirst Barran ( - ) est un homme politique du Parti libéral député anglais.

Biographie
Rowland Barran est né en 1858, le plus jeune fils de John Barran, un pionnier de la confection de vêtements et député de Leeds et Otley.

Après la mort de Frances Lupton en 1892, Rowland vit près de Leeds au domaine Beechwood de Frances qui a été engagé à son fils aîné et collègue homme politique libéral Francis Martineau Lupton. Barran reste à Beechwood jusqu'à la mort de Francis Martineau en 1921. Lupton et sa famille possèdent également le Newton Park Estate (North Leeds), dont Barran est député de 1902 à 1918.

Barran élève du bétail Shorthorn pendant qu'il réside à Beechwood.

Il devient président de l'entreprise familiale en 1918, succédant à son frère Charles Barran qui a succédé à leur père à ce poste en 1903.

Il est membre du conseil municipal de Leeds aux côtés de l'échevin Francis Martineau Lupton et siège au conseil scolaire de Leeds avant son élection au parlement. Il est élu député de Leeds Nord lors d'une élection partielle le 29 juillet 1902 (causée par l'élévation de William Jackson à la pairie) et sert jusqu'aux élections générales du 14 décembre 1918.

Au cours de la première guerre mondiale, Barran indique qu'il souhaite se retirer aux élections suivantes, probablement pour se concentrer davantage sur ses intérêts commerciaux puisqu'en 1918 il est président de l'entreprise familiale de fabricants de vêtements, succédant à ce poste de son frère.

Références

Liens externes

Député du 30e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 29e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 28e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 27e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du Parti libéral (Royaume-Uni)
Knight Bachelor
Décès en août 1949
Naissance en août 1858

Rowland Barran


Mark W. Tiedemann (born 1954 in St. Louis, Missouri) is an American science fiction and detective fiction author. He has written novels set in Isaac Asimov's Robot universe, and within his own original universe, known as the Secantis Sequence.

In spring 2005 he was named president of the Missouri Center for the Book, which is the Missouri state adjunct program to the Library of Congress Center for the Book.

Biography

Born to Henry and Donna Tiedemann, Mark W. Tiedemann grew up an only child.  He wrote several short stories, a few of which he submitted to major SF magazines of the day such as Galaxy, Worlds of If, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, though none were accepted for publication.

Upon entering high school, he discovered photography, which became his primary career. Writing still attracted his interest though, and in 1978 he completed a novel, Random Factor, though it was never published.  He then wrote several more novels.  In 1980, he met his future partner, Donna, who encouraged him to pursue his passion for writing. He met with limited success, with three short stories published before 1988, in small press magazines, the most notable of which was Reveleven, published by Scott Edelman in Edelman's magazine Last Wave in 1986.  Tiedemann then applied to and was accepted by the Clarion SF Writers Workshop In the summer of 1988, he attended Clarion with instructors Tim Powers, Lisa Goldstein, Samuel R. Delany, Kim Stanley Robinson, Kate Wilhelm, and Damon Knight.  That workshop produced writers such as Kelley Eskridge, Nicola Griffith, and Peg Kerr, and within a year, Tiedemann began selling short stories.  His first major sale was Targets, sold to Gardner Dozois, editor of Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine.  Several more quickly followed.

His next novel, Compass Reach, was shortlisted for the Philip K. Dick Award. This first in his Secantis Sequence, the novel approaches an interstellar empire from the perspective of the underclass, the main characters being so-called Freeriders---essentially hobos who stow away on translight ships and maintain a loose but widespread community.  The novel deals with questions of class, material wealth, identity boundaries, and control, in the face of an expanding human presence that must deal with truly alien species.  The novel ends with the principle polity, the Pan Humana, descending into civil war.  The next novel in the series, Metal of Night, deals with that civil war, but from the standpoint of the victims and deals with issues of costs and consequence.  The third Secantis novel, Peace and Memory, takes place some 80 years after the civil war and considers questions of self-determination, identity, and the parameters of appropriate political growth.

These three novels, plus a number of short stories, are constructed in such a way as to offer multiple possibilities for future stories, none of which share common characters, only a common background.  Meisha Merlin Publishing published the novels.

Another novel, Remains, from BenBella Publishing, is separate from his Secantis universe.  Remains is more of a "planetary romance", the action taking place within the confines of the Solar System.  The novel was shortlisted for the James Tiptree Jr. Award  in 2006.

Bibliography

Novels
The Secantis Sequence:
Compass Reach (2001)
Metal of Night (2002)
Peace & Memory (2003)
Other Ways:Three Tales From The Secant (chapbook)  (2005)

Isaac Asimov's Robot Mystery series:
 Asimov's Mirage (2000)
 Asimov's Chimera (2001)
 Asimov's Aurora (2002)

Terminator series:
Terminator 2: Hour of the Wolf (2004)

Stand-alones:
Extensions (chapbook) (1999)
Realtime (2001)
Of Stars And Shadows (2004)
Remains (2005)
Diva (chapbook) (2005)

Short fiction

Stories

References

External links
MarkTiedemann.com

1954 births
Living people
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American short story writers
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American short story writers
American male novelists
American male short story writers
American mystery writers
American science fiction writers
Chapbook writers
The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction people
Novelists from Missouri

Mark W. Tiedemann


Joseph William Kennedy (n. 30 mai 1916, Nacogdoches, Texas – d. 5 mai 1957, Saint Louis, Missouri) a fost un chimist american, codescoperitor al elementului plutoniu (alături de Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin McMillan și Arthur Wahl). În timpul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial a condul divizia CM (chimie și metalurgie) a Proiectului Manhattan la Los Alamos, unde a condus cercetările referitoare la chimia și metalurgia uraniului și plutoniului. După război, a devenit profesor al Universității Washington din Saint Louis, unde a avut meritul de a muta accentul de pe activitatea didactică pe cea de cercetare. A murit la vârsta de 40 de ani în urma unui cancer stomacal.

Note

Descoperitori de elemente chimice
Oameni ai Proiectului Manhattan
Nașteri în 1916
Decese în 1957
Chimiști americani
Chimiști din secolul al XX-lea

Joseph W. Kennedy


පන අති යන අරුත දේ.

විවිධ ආගම් අනුව

බුදු දහමට අනුව

බුදු දහමට අනුව ප්‍රාණියෝ විවිධාකාරය. මොවුන් මරණින් මතු වෙනත් ඕනෑම ප්‍රාණී ආකාරයකට ප්‍රතිසන්ධි වනු ඇත.

ජෛන ආගමට අනුව
ප්‍රාණියෝ සංකල්පය ජෛන ආගම තුලද ඇත.

විවිධ භාෂා වල ප්‍රාණී සංකල්පය
පණ සහ ප්‍රාණියෝ යන්න ආසියාතික සංකල්පයක්. බොහෝ ආසියානු භාෂාවල මේ සඳහා වෙනම වදනක් ඇත. බොහෝ බටහිර භාෂාවල මේ සඳහා වෙනමම වදනක් නැත. එබැවින් බටහිර ජාතීන් ජීවීන්  සඳහා ඇති වදනම ප්‍රාණීන්  සඳහා යොදාගනු දක්නට ලැබේ.

සිංහල ව්‍යාකරණ
සිංහල ව්‍යාකරණ වලදී ප්‍රාණීන් (පන ඇති) සහ ප්‍රාණීන් නොවනදේ (පණ නැති)  සඳහා වෙනම වාක්‍ය ක්‍රම ඇත.

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 පුනර්භවය
 ජීවියෝ

ප්‍රාණියෝ

ප්‍රාණියෝ


غورنورالسكيي  هي مدينة في مقاطعة سفيردلوفسك أوبلاست في روسيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 4263 نسمة.

مراجع

مدن مقاطعة سفردلوفسك

غورنورالسكيي


أفضل الأعمال  هو ألبوم تجميعي لأنجح الأغاني المصدرة سابقاً من قبل فنان أو فرقة موسيقية معينة، وذلك لزيادة شعبية أغاني الألبوم، ويحتوي الألبوم في بعض الأحيان على أغاني معدلة (ريمكس) للأغاني الأصلية أو أغاني جديدة وفي بعض الأحيان تكون هذه الأغاني الجديدة ناجحة جداً

أنواع الألبومات

أفضل الأعمال (موسيقى)


Alisa u zemlji čudesa (eng. "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland") knjiga je dječje fantastike iz 1865. godine koju je napisao engleski književnik Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, poznatiji pod pseudonimom Lewis Carroll. Radnja prati doživljaje djevojčice Alise, koja pada niz zečju rupu u fantastični svijet naseljen osebujnim stvorenjima.

Priča je prepuna aluzija na Dodgsonove prijatelje (i neprijatelje), kao i lekcija koje su u to doba učenici britanskih osnovnih škola morali učiti napamet. Radnja se poigrava s logikom na način koji je roman učinio trajno popularnim i među odraslima i među djecom. Smatra se jednim od najkarakterističnijih primjera žanra književnih priča bez logičkog smisla, a njegov narativni tok i struktura bili su enormno utjecajni, uglavnom na žanr fantastike. Nastavak knjige je "Alisa s one strane ogledala", koja sadrži i čuvenu besmislenu pjesmu Jabberwocky, odnosno Hudodrakija u prijevodu Antuna Šoljana.

Na temelju knjige nastale su brojne kazališne, filmske i televizijske adaptacije.

Izraz "Zemlja Čudesa" ušao je u popularnu kulturu kao mjesto sa sanjarskim, fantastičnim osobinama. Izraz "niz zečju rupu" postao je izraz za putovanje u nepoznato.

Sadržaj

Djevojčica Alisa dosađivala se sjedeći na obali rijeke jednog ljetnog dana, dok je njena sestra čitala knjigu. Ugledala je Bijelog zeca, koji je stalno govorio da kasni. Začudila mu se, jer je bio obučen. Pošla je za njim u zečju rupu, koja je bila vrlo duboka i kroz nju je lagano padala. Pad je trajao dosta dugo. Našla se u hodniku. Ponovno je ugledala Bijelog zeca koji je ušao u jedan lijepi vrt, do kojega su vodila vrata. Alisa je htjela ući unutra, no nije mogla, jer je bila prevelika. Na jednom stoliću u bočici bio je napitak na kojem je pisalo, da ga popije. Kada ga je popila smanjila se, ali su vrata bila zaključana. Da bi došla do ključa, pojela je kolač s porukom "pojedi me", no umjesto da bude još manja, povećala se. Naišao je Bijeli zec koji se uplašio kada je ugledao Alisu. Ona se ponovno smanjila, ali toliko da je pala u bocu vode. Na kraju je ipak ušla u vrt, tako da je plivajući u boci prošla kroz ključanicu. U zemlji čudesa Alisa je upoznala više različitih likova. Boravila je u kući Bijelog zeca, gdje je popila iz boce. Ponovno je narasla i zaglavila u kući. Gušter Bill, pomoćnik Bijelog zeca popeo se na dimnjak, da izvidi situaciju. Alisa ga je nogom šutnula u nebo. Uspjela se osloboditi i krenula je dalje. Na raskrižju je srela Gusjenicu koja puši lulu. Dala joj je gljivu s dva kraja. Kada pojede jedan kraj smanji se, a kada pojede drugi poveća se. Nakon više smanjivanja i povećavanja, vratila se na normalnu veličinu. Carigradska mačka uputila je Alisu kamo da ide. Pila je čaj s Ožujskim zecom i Ludim klobučarom. Uvrijedili su je pričama pa ih je napustila uz komentar, da je to najgluplja čajanka na kojoj je bila. Došla je do kraljičinog vrta. Pojavio se zec s trubom, a iza njega agresivna kraljica, miroljubljivi kralj i vojnici od karata za poker. Konji su igrali kriket; loptica je bila jež, a palica su bile ptice plamenci. Netko je na dvoru ukrao kolače pa je bilo suđenje. Kraljica je htjela ubiti Alisu, no ona je pojela dio kolača koji je joj ostao od prije pa je počela rasti. Odjednom se probudila i bila je doma. Shvatila je da je to sve bio divan san.

Izvori

Dječja književnost
Britanska književnost
Književnost 19. stoljeća

Alisa u zemlji čudesa


{| class="infobox vcard" style="font-size:90%; width:21em; text-align:left;"
Židovska općina Tuzla

Tuzlanska aškenaska sinagoga
|-
!
Predsjednik1885.
PredsjednicaMarija Rajner
SjedišteTuzla
DržavaBosna i Hercegovina
|}

Židovska općina Tuzla je vjerska organizacija građana Bosne i Hercegovine židovskog podrijetla. Sjedište općine je u Tuzli.

Povijest

U vrijeme uspostavljanja austrougarske uprave u Bosni i Hercegovini, u Tuzli je živjelo 17 Židova Sefarda koji su imali svoju općinu i sinagogu. Nakon 1879. godine, kako je zabilježeno, Židovi Aškenazi naseljavaju prostor Tuzle, osnivaju svoju općinu i grade novu sinagogu. Obje skupine Židova imale su zajedničko groblje. U vrijeme Prvog svjetskog rata, aškenaška općina imala je 400 članova, a sefardska 120 članova.

U Tuzli, u periodu od 1885. do 1941. godine rođeno 470 Židova. Porast židovske populacije u Tuzli odrazio se i na polju ekonomskih, gospodarskih, društvenih i kulturnih odnosa. Cjelokupan gospodarsko-ekonomski proces Židova u Tuzli i okolini počeo je otvaranjem prvih modernih solana, fabrikom i rafinerijom špirita i rudnicima uglja. Židovi su, kao i drugim gradovima, otvarali ljekarne, pilane, papirnice i knjižare, te trgovine s mješovitom robom. Također, i zanatlije su dale doprinos razvoju Tuzle, kao što su to uradili i Židovi koji su se bavili hotelijerstvom i radom na polju zdravstvene zaštite.

Tuzla je nekada radi velikog broja židovskih društvenih organizacija prednjačila od ostalih gradova iz unutrašnjosti Bosne i Hercegovine. Postojao je veliki broj židovskih udruga, a neke od tih organizacija bile su: Društvo židovske mladeži za samoobrazovanje i društvenost, Židovsko dobrotvorno društvo, Židovsko gimnastičko društvo, Židovska čitaonica i Nogometni klub Makabi. Osnivanje Židovske banke u Tuzli predstavljalo je veliki doprinos ove zajednice poslovnom svijetu.

Kao i u drugim gradovima, za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata, dolazi do sloma i skorog uništenja ove zajednice. Ulaskom Nijemaca u Tuzlu 1941. godine započinje neljudsko postupanje prema Židovima, te se tuzlanski Židovi u Holokaust odvedeni s više od 30 adresa.

Židovska općina Tuzla
Aškenaška židovska općina Tuzla je osnovana 1885. godine, dok je sefardska postojala nešto dulje. Danas postoji jedna zajednička židovska općina, koja broji 125 članova, što je čini drugom po brojnosti u Bosni i Hercegovini, a na čijem čelu se nalazi predsjednica Marina Rajner.

Na mjestu nekadašnje posljednje stanice tuzlanskih Židova na kojoj su se ukrcali u voz za smrt, danas stoji spomenik ""Suza", koji podsjećaja na to što se dogodilo na tom mjestu u vrijeme holokausta. Današnji posjetnik da su u Tuzli nekada živjeli i da žive i danas Židovi su, spomenik "Suza", jedna ulica koja se zove – Židovska i Židovsko groblje.

Tuzlanske sinagoge

Sefardska sinagoga u Tuzli je starijeg nastanka od aškenaške. Nalazila se u današnjoj Židovskoj ulici. Preživjela je antižidovske izgrede u Drugom svjetskom ratu. Aškenaška sinagoga u Tuzli je izgrađena 1902. godine i nalazila se na mjestu današnje Narodne kuhinje "Imaret", a nekadašnjeg Ekspres restorana, u ulici Klosterska na broju 12.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Židovska općina u Doboju, Doboj

Tuzla
Židovi u Bosni i Hercegovini

Židovska općina Tuzla


Diese Liste gibt den Fortschreibungsstand vom 15. April 2020 wieder und enthält dreizehn Baudenkmäler.

Baudenkmäler nach Gemeindeteilen

Bruckberg

|}

Reckersdorf

|}

Wustendorf

|}

Ehemalige Baudenkmäler

|}

Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Bruckberg (Mittelfranken)

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

!
Bruckberg #Mittelfranken
Baudenkmaler Bruckberg Mittelfranken

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Bruckberg (Mittelfranken)


المركز الجامعي برج بوعريريج  وهو مركز جامعي تم إنشاؤه سنة 2000 ببلدية العناصر، برج بوعريريج حيث تم تحويل ثانوية العناصر إلى مركز جامعي لتبدأ به الدراسة في أكتوبر 2000 وكان يحتوي على ثلاثة فروع فقط وهي ليسانس علوم اقتصادية و(شهادة الدراسات الجامعية المطبقة) في الاعلام الآلي والإلكترونيك حيث تم تسجيل حوالي 1000 طالب فور فتح المركز من مختلف ولايات الشرق مثل ميلة وبسكرة وورقلة وسطيف وجيجل، ولكن تم البدأ في نفس هذه السنة (2000) في إنشاء المركز الجامعي على الطريق الرابط بين بلدية العناصر وبرج بوعريريج لتنتهي به الأشغال سنة 2004. وفي سنة 2009 تم تسمية المركز الجامعي باسم رائد النهضة الجزائرية محمد البشير الإبراهيمي نظرا لكون البشير الإبراهيمي ينحدر من ولاية برج بوعريريج كما استحدث فيه نظام جديد للتعليم وهو نظام أل أم دي
وفي عام 2011 تم ترقيتها إلى جامعة مستقلة.

الفروع والكليات
يحتوي المركز الجامعي على العديد من الفروع الدراسية وهي:
 (آل آم دي Math et Informatique) وهذا الفرع لدراسة علم رياضيات أو علم الحاسوب.
 (آل آم دي Sciences et Techniques) هذا الفرع يكون الطلبة في عدة ميادين منها إلكترونيات والكهروتقنية وهندسة مدنية.
 (آل آم دي Science de la Nature et de la Vie) لدراسة علم علم الأحياء وعلم الأحياء الدقيقة.
 (آل آم دي Science da la Matière) هذا الفرع طلبة مختصين في علم الفيزياء أو الكيمياء.
 (آل آم دي Gestion Economique) تسيير اقتصادي.
 (آل آم دي Littérature et Langue Arabe) لدراسة الأدب عربي.
 (آل آم دي Sociologie) لدراسة علم الاجتماع.
 (آل آم دي Français) لدراسة فرنسية.
(آل آم دي english) لدراسة الانجليزية
 (آل آم دي علوم تجارية) لدراسة تجارة.
 (آل آم دي Droit)علوم قانونية
 ليسانس علوم الاقتصاد كلاسيكي (أي مدة الدراسة 4 سنوات).
 (مهندس نظام كلاسيكي) أي مدة الدراسة 05 سنوات بعد دراسة 02 سنتين في الجذع المشترك للتكنولوجيا (Tronc commun Technologie) ثم بعد ذلك دراسة فرع الإلكترونيك أو الهندسة المدنية أو الالكتروميكانيك لكن تم توقيف معهد (TCT) في الموسم 2008/2009 وبقيت الدفعات الأخيرة من المهندسين تكمل دراستها.
 (مهندس نظام كلاسيكي) في الاعلام الآلي أي مدة الدراسة 05 سنوات لكن تم توقيف هذا الفرع وبقيت الدفعات الأخيرة من المهندسين يكملون دراستهم حيث بقيت السنة الرابعة والخامسة في الموسم 2008/2009 فقط.

جامعات الجزائر
ولاية برج بوعريريج

جامعة محمد البشير الابراهيمي-برج بوعريريج


DGL 2000 er en fodboldklub i Tilst nær Aarhus, som blev stiftet i 2001. Forkortelsen står for Den Gale Loge, som er en drengeloge, der blev stiftet i 2000.

Selv siger en af klubbens stifere følgende om navnet: "Alt det her sker i efteråret 2001" fortæller Martin Jensen og fortsætter: "Navnet kan jo godt være lidt misvisende eftersom klubben hedder DGL 2000, men først blev oprettet i 2001. Men det er simpelthen fordi, at navnet refererer tilbage til vores drengeloge fra 2000".

De spiller i Jyllandsserien.

Referencer

Kilder / eksterne henvisninger
 DGL 2000

Fodboldklubber under DBU Jylland
Etableret i 2001
Aarhus Kommune

DGL 2000


جنو آيسكات ، والذي كان يُعرف سابقاً بـجنو آيسويزل ، هو متصفح ويب يتم توزيعه من قبل مشروع جنو. آيسكات هو نسخة من الشيفرة المصدرية لموزيلا فيرفكس مع العمل عليها كمشروع مستقل (يطلق على هذه العملية في هندسة البرمجيات اسم فرع Fork) وهو مُكَون كاملاً من البرمجيات الحرة.

يهدف مشروع جنو من آيسكات تقديم نسخة من موزيلا فيرفكس يتم تطويرها بالتزامن مع فيرفكس مع حذف الأعمال الرسومية الاحتكارية (Proprietary Artwork) والإضافات (Plugins) التي تستخدم في الإصدارات الرسمية لموزيلا فيرفكس (مثل مشغلات الفلاش من أدوبي Abode Flash Player)، والتي تصنف على أنها برمجيات غير حرة من قبل المدافعين عن البرمجيات الحرة.

الفرق بينه وبين فيرفكس

بالإضافة إلى ان برنامج جنو آيسكات هو برنامج حر بشكل كامل، حيث تم ازالة الصور والشعارات ذات الملكية، وبرنامج توك باك (Talkback) - والذي تم استبداله أساساً في الإصدار الثالث من فيرفكس - وهو المسئول عن التبليغ عن الاخطاء التي تحدث في المتصفح، الذي تم استبداله بالبرنامج المفتوحة/حر المصدر بريك باد (Breakpad)، كمان ان البحث عن الاضافات لا يعرض الا الاضافات الحرة، ويحتوي متصفح آيسكات على مميزات أمنية اضافية.

اصل الاسم

صاغ مشروع جنو اسم المتصفح - IceCat أو قطة الثلج - بطريقة بحيث لا يسبب اختلاط بينه وبين اسم المنتج الأساسي فيرفكس وبشكل يظهر أن المنتج مشتق من فيرفكس، فالثلج ليس ناراً، والقطة ليست ثعلب وهذا يدل انها حزمة مختلفة - فمشروع جنو لا يريد ان تلام موزيلا بسبب اخطاء جنو، ولا يسبب ارتباكاً لعلامة موزيلا التجارية -، وبنفس درجة الوضوح يظهر من الاسم ان متصفح آيسكات مبني على الشفرة المصدرية فيرفكس - فمشروع جنو يعترف بجهد موزيلا ولا ينكره -.

سابقاً كان متصفح آيسكات يعرف بـ آيسويزل (Iceweasel) ولكن في 23 سبتمبر 2007 أعلن أحد المطورين ان الاسم سيتغير إلى آيسكات، وسبب ذلك ان اسم آيسويزل قامت دبيان باستخدامه من قبل - منذ 13 نوفمبر 2006 -.

النسخ المتاحة

حالياً لا يوجد غير نسخة من المتصفح تعمل على نظام جنو/لينوكس فقط وللتوزيعات ذات الـ 32 بت.

التوافقية مع فيرفكس

بشكل أساسي لم يتم كسر التوافقية مع متصفح فيرفكس، فأغلب الإضافة (Add-ons) التي تعمل على فيرفكس، تعمل أيضاً مع متصفح آيسكات بدون أي مشاكل. ولكن بعض الملحقات (Plugins) - الملحقات غير الحرة خصوصاً - غالباً لن تعمل مع آيسكات.
و يتم تطوير متصفح آيسكات بالتزامن مع تطوير فيرفكس، أي ان اخر إصدارات وتطويرات فيرفكس موجوده في آيسكات.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

انشقاقات برمجية
برمجيات أندرويد حرة ومفتوحة المصدر
برمجيات مبنية على غكو
برمجيات مشروع جنو
دبيان
متصفحات ويب حرة
متصفحات ويب مبنية على فيرفكس
موزيلا

جنو آيسكات


سوق أوفلة بلدية بولاية بجاية بالجزائر

أعلام
 محاند السعيد حنوز

مواضيع ذات صلة
 بلديات ولاية بجاية
 دوائر ولاية بجاية

مراجع

بلديات ولاية بجاية

سوق أوفلة


Ernst Schulte-Kellinghaus (* 22. Juli 1947) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Fußballspieler.

Mit dem Fußball begann er in den 1960er Jahren beim TSV Marl-Hüls in der alten zweitklassigen Fußball-Regionalliga West. Von 1968 bis 1970 absolvierte er für den TSV insgesamt 29 Regionalligaspiele und erzielte dabei ein Tor. In der Saison 1969/70 stieg er mit Marl-Hüls in das Amateurlager ab. Im ersten Jahr im Amateurlager, 1970/71, belegte er mit dem Absteiger in der Verbandsliga Westfalen hinter Meister SVA Gütersloh und der Hammer SpVg den dritten Rang. Hinter STV Horst-Emscher reichte es 1971/72 zur Vizemeisterschaft und zur Teilnahme an der Deutschen Amateurmeisterschaft. Im Finale um die Deutsche Fußball-Amateurmeisterschaft 1972 unterlag er mit den Marlern 1:2 gegen FSV Frankfurt, Schulte-Kellinghaus erzielte die zwischenzeitliche 1:0-Führung.

In der Folge wechselte er zum Regionalligisten Eintracht Gelsenkirchen, wo er 1973/74 – es war die letzte Saison der alten zweitklassigen Regionalliga-Ära – ebenfalls zweitklassig spielte und weitere 21 Ligaspiele mit zwei Toren absolvierte.

Sein Sohn Sebastian Schulte-Kellinghaus (* 1981) ist ebenfalls Fußballspieler, er spielte beim VfB Homberg, SV Straelen, Viktoria Goch und TV Jahn Hiesfeld.

Literatur
 Achim Nöllenheidt (Hrsg.): Fohlensturm am Katzenbusch. Die Geschichte der Regionalliga West 1963–1974. Band 2, Klartext, Essen 1995, ISBN 3-88474-206-X.

Weblinks
 http://www.sg-eintracht-ge.de/SGE/temp.php?webID=spieler

Fußballspieler (TSV Marl-Hüls)
Fußballspieler (Eintracht Gelsenkirchen)
Deutscher
Geboren 1947
Mann

Ernst Schulte-Kellinghaus


بلدية كانيليس (بالكاتالانية: Canyelles) هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برشلونة، والتي تقع في منطقة كاتالونيا، شرق إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 3.783 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

مراجع

بلديات في مقاطعة برشلونة

كانييلس


مصطفى خليل (18 نوفمبر 1920 - 7 يونيو 2008). سياسي مصري. ولد في القليوبية. كان رئيس وزراء مصر بين عامي 1978 و 1980، ووزيراً للخارجية بين عامي 1979 و 1980.

مراجع

أعضاء نادي موناكو
جهود السلام في الشرق الأوسط
رؤساء وزراء مصر القرن 20
رؤساء وزراء مصريون
سياسيو الاتحاد الاشتراكي العربي (مصر)
سياسيو الحزب الوطني الديمقراطي (مصر)
مواليد 1339 هـ
مواليد 1920
مواليد في محافظة القليوبية
وزراء خارجية مصر
وزراء مواصلات مصريون
وزراء نقل مصريون
وفيات 1429 هـ
وفيات 2008
وفيات في القاهرة

مصطفى خليل (سياسي)


Janelle Salaün est une joueuse française de basket-ball, née le  à Paris.

Biographie

Joueuse de grande taille formée comme intérieure, sa mobilité lui permet d'être une ailière complète grâce à une belle adresse extérieure.
Championne d'Europe 2017 en U16, elle décroche une médaille d'argent au Mondial U17 de 2018 aux côtés d'Iliana Rupert et Marine Fauthoux.

Formée au Centre fédéral (9,4 points, 7,7 rebonds en 27 minutes de jeu en moyenne en Ligue 2 en 2018-2019), elle signe son premier contrat professionnel avec les Flammes Carolo. Déçue de son temps de jeu, elle rejoint Villeneuve-d'Ascq l'année suivante.

L'Euro 2021 des U20 supprimé pour raisons sanitaires, la FIBA organise des tournois challengers lors desquels Janelle Salaun s'illustre, notamment contre la Pologne avec 26 points à 11/17 de réussite aux tirs, dont 2/4 à 3-points, 21 rebonds et 4 passes décisives. La France termine le Challenge invaincue avec 5 victoires et Janelle Salaün avec des moyennes de 17,0	points à 57,9 % d'adresse, 10,2	rebonds et 2,0 passes décisives est désignée meilleure joueuse du tournoi. Elle confirme ses qualités et étant responsabilisée en championnat, avec par exemple 17 points le 3 octobre face à Charnay et 14 points le 2 décembre face à Tarbes.

Son frère Tidjane Salaün a joué au centre de formation de Cholet.

Clubs

 2013-2015 : Orly
 2015-2016 : Reims Basket féminin
 2016-2019 : Centre fédéral
 2019-2020 : Flammes Carolo basket
 2020- : Entente sportive Basket de Villeneuve-d'Ascq - Lille Métropole

Palmarès

Sélection nationale

Seniors
  Médaille de bronze au Championnat d'Europe 2023

Jeunes
  Médaille d'or au Championnat d'Europe 2017 des moins de 16 ans
  Médaille d'argent au Championnat du monde 2018 des moins de 17 ans
  Médaille de bronze au Championnat d'Europe 2019 des moins de 18 ans
  Médaille d'or au Challenger 2021 Équipe de France féminine de basket-ball des moins de 20 ans

Notes et références

Liens externes

Joueuse française de basket-ball
Joueuse du Centre fédéral
Joueuse de basket-ball de Charleville
Joueuse de l'ESB Villeneuve-d'Ascq
Naissance en septembre 2001
Naissance à Paris

Janelle Salaün


Crystal Bay is the name of:

 Crystal Bay (Lake Superior), a bay in Minnesota
 Crystal Bay, Minnesota
 Crystal Bay Township, Lake County, Minnesota
 Crystal Bay, Nevada

Crystal Bay


Johan Nicolai Madvig (Bornholm, 7 de agosto de 1804-Copenhague, 12 de diciembre de 1886) político, historiador, filósofo e importante latinista danés

Biografía
Madvig estudió humanidades en Frederiksborg y la Universidad de Copenhague donde fue profesor de literatura latina. Además de su faceta como investigador y enseñante de estudios superiores, militó para regresar a la distribución territorial de antes de 1816 y fue diputado en el parlamento, ministro de instrucción pública de 1848 a 1852, secretario general del Partido Nacional-Liberal y presidente de la Asamblea Nacional de Dinamarca de 1856 a 1863.

Obra
 De Asconii Pediani commentariis in Ciceronis orationes (1828), Copenhague
 edición comentada de Cato major et Lælius de Cicerón (1835), Copenhague
 Emendationes in Ciceronis libros de legibus et Academica (1828), Copenhague
 De Finibus malorum et bonorum (1839)
 Latinsk Sproglaere til Skolebrug y Latinsk Ordføiningslære(1844)
 Emendationes Livianæ (1860), Copenhague
 Livii ab urbe condita libri (1861-65), Copenhague.
 Adversaria critica ad scriptores graecos et latinos (1871-84, 3 vol., Copenhague)
 Græsk Ordføiningslaere (1846), Copenhague
 Opuscula academica (1834-1842), Copenhague
 Kleine philologische Schriften (1875), Leipzig.
 Die Verfassung und Verwaltung des Römischen Staates (1881-82)
 Livserindringer (1887)

Políticos de Dinamarca del siglo XIX
Filósofos de Dinamarca
Historiadores de Dinamarca
Escritores de Dinamarca del siglo XIX
Escritores en danés
Escritores en alemán
Escritores en latín
Latinistas de Dinamarca
Miembros de la Academia de Inscripciones y Lenguas Antiguas
Miembros de la Academia de Ciencias de Baviera
Miembros de la Real Academia de Artes y Ciencias de los Países Bajos
Alumnado de la Universidad de Copenhague
Historiadores del siglo XIX
Filósofos del siglo XIX

Johan Nicolai Madvig


القمباز هو ثوب كان يرتديه الرجال في المناطق الشامية أي سوريا، لبنان، الأردن وفلسطين. عادة ما كان أهل البلدة يرتدون هذا الزي في كل المناسبات وأكثر من كان يرتديه هم الأغنياء والمثقفون وكبار العائلات ووجهاء البلدة الذي لهم مكانة شعبية واجتماعية عند الأهالي

وهو عبارة عن قطعة من القماش الجوخ تشبه الجلابية إلا أنه مفتوح من الأمام، ومن الأعلى إلى الأسفل وينتهي بـ«ردة» أو «شريط» من الأعلى بعرض 3سم تلف الرقبة من الأمام من اليمين لجهة اليسار حيث ينتهي الشريط بعروة وزر.

و«القمباز» مبطن من الداخل في نصفه العلوي بقطعة قماش أطلس ويضع من يرتديه على خصره إما «كمر» عريض أو «شالة» من الحرير مربعة الشكل تقريباً طول حرفها حوالي المتر لونها خمري أو أسود ويرتدي الشخص فوقه إما «جاكيت» أو «مشلح» من الجوخ الخشن.

ملابس عربية
ملابس سورية
موضة

قمباز


Los Evangelios curetonianos, designados por las siglas syrcur, están agrupados en un manuscrito de los cuatro Evangelios del Nuevo Testamento en siríaco, una traducción de los originales al arameo, según William Cureton difieren considerablemente de los textos griegos canónicos, con los cuales habían sido comparados y corregidos"; Henry Harmon concluyó, sin embargo, que sus originales habían sido los griegos desde el principio. El orden de los Evangelios es Mateo, Marcos, Juan y Lucas. El texto es uno de los únicos dos manuscritos siríacos
de los diferentes evangelios que posiblemente anteceden a la versión siríaco estándar, la Peshitta; el otro es el Palimpsesto Sinaítico. Un cuarto texto siríaco es el armonizado Diatessaron. Los Evangelios curetonianos y el Palimpsesto sinaítico parecen haber sido traducidos de los originales griegos independientes.

Texto
El texto siríaco del códice es una representación del texto occidental. En las variantes significantes de las lecturas se incluyen:

 En Mateo 4:23 la variante "en toda Galilea" junto con el Códice Vaticano Griego 1209, el Codex Bobiensis, ℓ 20 y las copsa. Mateo 12:47 es omitido.
 En Mateo 16:12 la variante levadura del pan de los fariseos y los saduceos coincide únicamente con el Códice Sinaítico y el Codex Corbeiensis I.
 En Lucas 23:43 la variante Te aseguro hoy, que estarás conmigo en el paraíso coincide por el punto sin espacios con el Códice Vaticano y con la falta de puntuación en los MSS griegos más antiguos.

Historia
El manuscrito adquiere su curioso nombre por ser editado y publicado por William Cureton en 1858. El manuscrito estuvo entre una masa de manuscritos traídos en 1842 de un monasterio siríaco en el Wadi Natroun, Bajo Egipto, como el resultado de una serie de negociaciones que había estado en marcha desde hace algún tiempo; se guarda en la Biblioteca Británica. Cureton reconoció que el texto siríaco antiguo de los evangelios fue significantemente diferente de todos los conocidos en ese momento. El fechó los fragmentos del manuscrito al ; el texto, que podría ser tan antiguo como del , está escrito en la forma más antigua y clásica del alfabeto siríaco, llamada Esṭrangelā, sin puntos vocales.

En 1872 William Wright,de la Universidad de Cambridge, privadamente imprimió cerca de un centenar de copias de fragmentos adicionales, Fragmentos de los Evangelios curetonianos, (Londres, 1872) sin traducción o aparato crítico. Los fragmentos, enlazados como guardas en un códice siríaco en Berlín, una vez formaron parte de los manuscritos curetonianos, y completaron algunos de sus lagunas.

La publicación de los Evangelios curetonianos y el Palimpsesto sinaítico permitió a los eruditos por primera vez examinar como cambió el texto en siríaco entre el primer período (representado por el texto del Sinaí y los manuscritos curetonianos) y el siguiente período. Las versiones siríacas del Nuevo Testamento siguen siendo menos estudiasas que las griegas.

El texto estándar es el de Francis Crawford Burkitt, 1904; fue utilizado en la edición comparativa de los evangelios siríacos que fueron editados por George Anton Kiraz, en 1996.

Notas

Notas

Referencias
Harman, Henry M. "Cureton's Fragments of Syriac Gospels" Journal of the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis 5.1/2 (June-December 1885), pp. 28-48.
Burkitt, F.C. Evangelion Da-Mepharreshe: The Curetonian Version of the Four Gospels, with the readings of the Sinai Palimpsest and the early Syriac Patristic evidence (Gorgias Press 2003) ISBN 9781593330613 . Este es la edición estándar del manuscrito curetoniano, This is the standard edition of the Curetonian manuscript, con el texto del sinaí al pie de la página. El Volumen I contiene el texto siríaco enfrente de la traducción en inglés; El volumen II dicute la versión siríaca antigua. (página en inglés)
Kiraz, George Anton. Comparative Edition of the Syriac Gospels: Aligning the Sinaiticus, Curetonianus, Peshitta and Harklean Versions. Vol.1: Matthew; vol.2: Mark; vol.3: Luke; vol.4: John. (Leiden: Brill), 1996. ISBN
90-04-10419-4 .

Enlaces externos
Thomas Nicol, "Versiones siríacas de la Bilia" Una pequeña introducción en-línea.(página en inglés)
Siríaco Curetoniano

Manuscritos bíblicos del siglo IV
Manuscritos siríacos
Manuscritos del Nuevo Testamento

Evangelios curetonianos


Travian  Online Oyunu Web Tabanlı bir çeşit strateji ve savaş oyunudur. 2003 yılından bu yana hizmet veren oyunda birçok güncelleme yapılmış ve bu güncellemeler ile oyunda çok köklü olmasa da bir dizi değişiklikler yapılmıştır..

Oynanış

Oyunda 4 ırk bulunmaktadır; fakat bu ırklardan 3 tanesi seçilebilir. Oyuncu, Travian sunucusuna kayıt olmadan önce bu 3 ırktan birini seçmek zorundadır. 4. ırk; yani Natarlar, Travian'ın kendi yönettiği ırklardır ve kullanıcıları yoktur. Diğer ırklar sırasıyla Romalılar, Cermenler ve Galyalılardır. Romalılar hem şehirde hem de hammadde alanlarında aynı anda inşaat yapabildiği için başlarda çok rahat gelişir. Askerleri pahalı olmasına rağmen oyunun en güçlü saldırı (Emperyan & Equites Cæsaris) ve piyade savunmasına (Pretoryan) sahiptir. En çok ihtiyaçları olan madde demirdir. Cermenlerin askerleri ucuzdur, bundan dolayı rahat yağma yapılabilir. Cermen tüccarları 1000 mal ile en çok mal taşıyan tüccardır. Aynı zamanda Cermenler oyunun en güçlü süvari savunmasına (Mızrakçı) sahiptir. Buna karşılık oyundaki en yavaş askerler Cermenlerdedir ve Cermen casusları piyadedir. Ve en pahalı göçmen de Cermenlerdedir. En çok ihtiyaçları olan madde odundur. Galyalıların sığınak kapasiteleri diğer ırkların 1.5 katıdır. Tuzakçı avantajını da sayarsak Galyalıların oyun başında çok fazla çevrimiçi olmasına gerek yoktur. Yağma yapanlar genelde Galyalılara saldırmayı tercih etmez. Ayrıca ordusu oyunun en dengeli ordusudur. Oyundaki en hızlı asker (Toytatın Şimşeği) Galyalılardadır. Diğer ırklara göre daha ucuz göçmen üretir. En çok ihtiyaçları olan madde tuğladır. Her ırkın çevrimiçi olma gereksinimleri birbirinden farklıdır. Sırasıyla en çok çevrimiçi olunması gereken ırk Cermenler, Romalılar ve Galyalılardır.

Oyuna başladığınız andan itibaren size ait bir köyünüz ve kahramanınız bulunmaktadır. Kahramanın köyde yapması gereken bir takım görevler bulunmaktadır ve bu görevleri yerine getirirseniz gelişiminiz diğer oyunculara göre daha hızlı olacaktır. Başlangıçta yapmanız gereken en önemli şey görevleri yerine getirmektir. Ayrıca hammadde kaynakları ilk bir hafta için üretim açısından tek kaynağınızdır ve seviyeleri ne kadar yüksek olursa sizin için o kadar faydalı olur.

Gelişim

Sunucuya giriş zamanınıza bağlı olarak belli bir süre boyunca saldırı korumanız vardır. Günler geçtikçe gelişen köyünüze birçok saldırı gelebilir. Sığınak kurarak saldıranın hammadde almasını engellemiş olursunuz. Oyunda hızlı bir gelişim sağlamak için saldırı almaktan çok saldırı yaparak yağma köyler elde etmeniz gereklidir. Yaptığınız yağmalar ile ordunuzu güçlendirip geniş bir yağma ağı oluşturursanız oyunda daha iyi yerlere gelirsiniz.

Oyunun Amacı ve Sonu

Oyunun amacı güçlü bir askeri ve ekonomik güç oluşturarak birliğinizle beraber Wow (Dünya Harikasını) kurmaktır. Dünya harikasını kuran birlik oyunu kazanır ve sunucu sona erer. Yalnız son gelen 4.4 sürümünde, Natarlar belli bir süre sonra dünya harikasını kurmaya başlar. Oyunu kazanmak için önünüzde uzun bir yol vardır. Travian diğer web tabanlı strateji oyunlarının aksine bir amaca ve sona sahip olan bir oyundur.

Sunucular

Oyunda birkaç çeşit sunucu türü bulunmaktadır. Bunlar normal sunucular ve 3x (Zamanın 3 kat hızlı olarak işlediği ve her şeyin yapım süresinin 3 kat azaldığı sunucu) olarak 2'ye ayırabiliriz.

Travian Türk Sunucusu
Travian'ın Türk sunucusu, Travian Games GmbH kuruluşunun Türkiye koludur. Diğer ülkelerin oyun dünyaları ile arasındaki tek fark adındanda anlaşılacağı gibi Türkçe olmasıdır. Travian Türkiye oyuncularının Travian yönetiminden ek olarak istediği bir özellik olarak oyuna entegre edilen T4 sürümünün yanı sıra alternatif seçenek olarak T3.6 sürümünün de eklenmesidir. Yöneticilerin bu isteklere ne şekilde yanıt vereceği hâlen kesin değildir.

Travian Kişiye Özel Sunucular
Travian kişiye özel sunucular (PvP) illegaldir. Travian Games GmBH yetkililerinin fark ederek yasal müdahalede bulunmalarıyla birçoğu oyunun normal olarak bitişini göremeden engellenmektedir. Ayrıca birçoğunda oyun hatası olarak adlandırılan BUG oluşumları ve yazılıma ek olarak servis edilen zararlı içerikler bulunmaktadır. Kurumsal bir yapı tarafından yönetimi yapılmadığı için adil olarak devam edip etmediği bilinemez.

Travian: Legends Forum

Travian Forum, Travian'ın resmi forumudur. Bu forum oyunu oynayan veya oynamayan herkesin üyeliğine açıktır. Forum, Admin başta olmak üzere forum moderatörleri tarafından yönetilir. Forum yönetimini şirket forum üyeleri ve oyuncular arasından gönüllülük esasına göre oyun kabiliyeti ve yönetim kabiliyetini dikkate alarak belirler. Travian Forum'da oyun hakkında yeni bilgiler, bilinmeyenlere cevaplar gibi oyunun bilgi lojistiğinin yanı sıra oyunla ilgisiz bölümlerde sohbet, edebiyat, sözlük ve tasarım alanlarında kullanıcılara sosyal alanlar sağlanmaktadır. Üyeler kendi oyun dünyasındaki birliğini bu forumda tanıtabilir veya grafik çalışmalarını yayınlayabilir. Bu forumda yeni başlayanlar için Travian oyunu hakkında ve Travian terimleri hakkında bilgiler bulmak mümkün. Ayrıca forumda oyunla ilgili olmayan güzel oyunlar oynayabilir, insanlarla keyifli sohbetler edebilirsiniz. Forumun belli aralıklarla yayınlanan Travian Mecmuası  isminde bir dergisi de mevcut.

Travian: Kingdoms
Travian'ın gelişmesindeki büyük adımlarından biridir. Yüksek oranda grafiksel gelişme ile yeni bir travian arayüzü çıkarılmıştır. Her oyuncu oyuna, gelişmemiş hammadde alanları ile çevrili küçük ve gelişmemiş bir köyün önderi olarak başlar. Bu alanları geliştirmek, hammadde alanlarının verimini arttırır.

Köy, yeni binalar inşa ederek ve var olanların seviyesini yükselterek geliştirilebilir; ek olarak Travian: Kingdoms'da köyünüzü, köyün nüfusunu arttıran ve daha yüksek bina ve hammadde seviyeleri sağlayan bir Şehre de dönüştürebilirsiniz.

Askeri birimler eğitmek, diğer köylere veya vahalara saldırabilmenizi, hammaddelerini yağmalamanızı ve düşman saldırılarından korunmanızı sağlar.

Eğer her iki köyün de pazar yeri varsa köyler birbirleri ile hammadde ticareti yapabilirler. Pazar yerinizin seviyesi ne kadar yüksekse o kadar fazla tüccara sahip olur ve o kadar fazla hammadde taşıyabilirsiniz.

Kendi krallığınızda Kral olmayı seçebilir, başka bir krallığa katılabilir veya tarafsız kalabilirsiniz. Tarafsız oyuncuların krallıkları yoktur, başka bir kralın yabancı bir krallığının bir parçası olabilirler. Yeni köyler kurarak veya diğer oyuncuların köylerini fethederek egemenlik alanınızı genişletebilirsiniz.

Oyun içi sohbeti kullanarak diğer oyuncularla iletişime geçebilir; askeri ve ekonomik işbirliği için birliklere veya gizli cemiyetlere katılabilirsiniz.

Dış bağlantılar
 Travian: Legends Türkiye resmî forumu
 Travian: Kingdoms Türkiye resmi web sitesi* Travian: Kingdoms Türkiye resmî forumu

Çevrimiçi oyunlar
Çok oyunculu tarayıcı tabanlı oyunlar
Devasa çevrimiçi gerçek zamanlı strateji oyunları

Travian


Animalske fedtstoffer og olier er lipidmaterialer udvundet fra dyr. Fysisk er olier flydende ved stuetemperatur, og fedtstoffer er faste. Kemisk er både fedtstoffer og olier sammensat af triglycerider. Selv om mange animalske dele og sekreter kan give olie, er det i kommerciel sammenhæng primært udvundet af fraskåret vævsfedt fra dyr som svin, høns og køer. Mejeriprodukter bidrager også med animalske fedtstoffer og olier gennem fødevarer som ost, smør og mælk .

Visse stoffer som gåsefedt producerer et højere røgpunkt end andre animalske fedtstoffer, men er stadig lavere end mange vegetabilske olier som oliven eller avokado.

I forbrugerkødprodukter (ikke-naturligt kød) i USA klassificeres fedtstoffer som værende animalske fedtstoffer, når partikelstørrelsen af knoglefaststoffer er over tre procent, proteinindholdet er mindre end 14 procent, og hvis produktet indeholder mere end 30 procent rent fedtindhold.
Animalsk fedt bruges normalt som en del af en vestlig diæt i deres halvfast form som enten mælk, smør, svinefedt, gåsefedt og dryp eller mere almindeligt som fyldstof i fabriksfremstillet kød, dyrefoder og fastfoodprodukter. Mejeriprodukter er animalske sekretioner, der indeholder forskellige niveauer af vand, olier, fedtstoffer og dyreceller fra kredsløbs- og lymfesystemer som blod og brystkirtler .

Kulinariske anvendelser
Mange animalske fedtstoffer og olier indtages direkte eller indirekte som ingredienser i fødevarer. Olierne tjener en række formål i denne rolle:

 "Forkortelse" – for at give kager en smuldrende struktur.
 Tekstur – olier kan hjælpe med at andre ingredienser klistre mindre sammen
 Smag – nogle vælges specielt for den smag, de giver.
 Smagsbase – olier kan også "bære" smag af andre ingredienser, da mange smagsstoffer er til stede i kemikalier, som er opløselige i olie.

For det andet kan olier opvarmes og bruges til at lave mad. Olier, der er egnede til dette formål, skal have et højt flammepunkt.

Se også

 Vegetabilske fedtstoffer og olier
 Væske
 Triglycerid
 Oksetalg
 Talg

Referencer

Fødevarer
Pages with unreviewed translations

Animalsk fedt


Dacrydium spathoides er sígrænt tré (um 26 til 34m hátt) frá Nýju-Gíneu.

Tilvísanir

Gagnviðarætt

Dacrydium spathoides


Georg Stadtmüller (* 17. März 1909 in Bürstadt; † 1. November 1985 in München) war ein deutscher Historiker und Byzantinist. Er war Professor an der Universität Leipzig und der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.

Leben und Wirken
Georg Stadtmüller war katholischer Herkunft. Sein Vater war Bahnaufseher bei der Deutschen Reichsbahn. Er besuchte von 1918 bis 1927 das Alte Kurfürstliche Gymnasium Bensheim. Von 1927 bis 1931 studierte Stadtmüller klassische und orientalische Philologie sowie Geschichte an den Universitäten Freiburg und München. 1931 folgte das Staatsexamen. Ein Jahr später wurde er in München bei Franz Dölger mit einer Arbeit über Michael Choniates zum Dr. phil. promoviert. Danach war er an der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek in München tätig und absolvierte das Studienreferendar- und das Bibliotheksassessorexamen. 1934 war er bei Hermann Aubin Assistent in Breslau. Dort erfolgte 1936 auch seine Habilitation für byzantinische und südosteuropäische Geschichte mit einer Arbeit über die albanische Frühgeschichte.

Von 1935 bis 1938 war er Bibliotheksleiter am Breslauer Osteuropa-Institut und ab 1937 Privatdozent an der Universität Breslau. 1938 wurde er außerordentlicher Professor für Geschichte und Kultur Südosteuropas an der Universität Leipzig und Vizepräsident des Südosteuropa-Instituts. In Leipzig gründete er die Leipziger Vierteljahresschrift für Südosteuropa, die er dann herausgab. Von 1934 bis 1944 erschienen von Stadtmüller vier Bücher und 49 Aufsätze. Sie sind nahezu frei von Zugeständnissen an die NS-Ideologie.

Stadtmüller war Mitglied des Stahlhelms, der SA, der NSV, des NSLB und wurde Mitglied der NSDAP. Seit 1941 galt er als politisch unzuverlässig. Er verlor deshalb seine Ämter 1943 und war von Juni 1943 bis zum Ende des Krieges als persönlicher Dolmetscher für Neugriechisch und Italienisch von General der Flieger Hellmuth Felmy im Stabe des LXVIII. Armeekorps der Wehrmacht in Südgriechenland tätig. 1945 geriet er als Obergefreiter zunächst in britische Kriegsgefangenschaft. Von Juni 1945 bis Januar 1946 wurde er im amerikanischen Internierungslager Ludwigsburg festgehalten.

Er war anschließend Lehrer für Geschichte und Latein. 1947 war Stadtmüller Berater der Verteidigung bei den Nürnberger Prozess gegen die Südostgeneräle. 1950 wurde er Honorarprofessor für Vergleichende Geschichtsbetrachtung an der Universität München und 1954 dort außerordentlicher Professor. Von 1958 bis zu seiner Emeritierung 1974 lehrte er als ordentlicher Professor für Geschichte Ost- und Südosteuropas an der Universität München. Stadtmüller war von 1960 bis 1963 als Nachfolger von Hans Koch Direktor des Münchener Osteuropa Instituts. Anschließend begründete er das Albanien-Institut und leitete es bis 1976. Von 1968 bis 1979 war er Leiter des seit 1962 bestehenden Ungarischen Instituts München. Von 1971 bis 1972 war Stadtmüller zudem Rektor der Hochschule für Politik München. Stadtmüller gründete 1950 die Vierteljahreszeitschrift Saeculum. Außerdem begründete er 1969 das Ungarn-Jahrbuch, die Studia Hungarica und die Albanischen Forschungen. Von 1960 bis 1965 war er Herausgeber der Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. 1974 wurde Stadtmüller emeritiert. Als akademischer Lehrer betreute er unter anderem sieben Habilitationen. Akademische Schüler Stadtmüllers sind Peter Bartl, Horst Glassl, Gerhard Grimm, Edgar Hösch und Ekkehard Völkl. Seine Forschungsschwerpunkte bildeten die Geschichte Südosteuropas und Osteuropas.

Stadtmüller engagierte sich nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg politisch in der rechtskonservativen Abendländischen Aktion und der Abendländischen Akademie. Von 1957 bis 1965 war er Mitglied des Landesvorstands der CSU. Ab 1966 war er Vorsitzender der Deutschland-Stiftung, trat aber nach Differenzen mit dem Geschäftsführer Kurt Ziesel 1968 von seinem Amt zurück. Stadtmüller war 1981 einer der Unterzeichner des Heidelberger Manifests.

Durch Stadtmüllers erstmals 1942 veröffentlichter Arbeit Forschungen zur albanischen Frühgeschichte setzte sich allmählich die Ansicht durch, dass das "albanische Volk aus einem altbalkanischen Volksrelikt inmitten der allgemeinen Romanisierung in spätantiker Zeit entstanden ist". Diese Sichtweise wurde 1994 durch Gottfried Schramms Arbeit über die Anfänge des albanischen Christentums wieder bestritten. Für seine Forschungen wurden Stadtmüller zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Ehrungen und Mitgliedschaften zugesprochen. Stadtmüller wurde 1939 in den Südost-Ausschuss der Deutschen Akademie in München berufen. Die Zeitschrift Saeculum widmete ihrem Begründer 1969 zum 60. Geburtstag ihren 20. Band. 1973 wurde er außerordentliches Mitglied der Historischen Sektion der Bayerischen Benediktinerakademie, 1973 erhielt er den Bayerischen Verdienstorden und 1976 das Bundesverdienstkreuz 1. Klasse. Stadtmüller erhielt 1979 die juristische Ehrendoktorwürde von der Ukrainischen Freien Universität München.

Er war verheiratet und hatte zwei Söhne und eine Tochter; zuletzt lebte er in Iggstetten, einem Gemeindeteil von Markt Winzer, im Landkreis Deggendorf. Nach seinem Tod wurde er auf dem Friedhof der Benediktinerabtei Niederaltaich beigesetzt. Sein Nachlass befindet sich in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek und im Universitätsarchiv der LMU München.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Michael Choniates, Metropolit von Athen (ca. 1138–ca. 1222) (= Orientalia christiana. Band 91). Rom 1934.
 Geschichte Südosteuropas. 2. Auflage, durch ein Vorwort und Literaturergänzung erweitert, im übrigen unveränderter Nachdruck der 1. Auflage von 1950. Oldenbourg, München 1976, ISBN 3-486-46342-X.
 Europa auf dem Wege zur grossen Kirchenspaltung 1054 (= Institut für europäische Geschichte Mainz. Band 29). Steiner, Wiesbaden 1960
 Forschungen zur albanischen Frühgeschichte (= Albanische Forschungen. Band 2). 2., erweiterte Auflage, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1966.
 Geschichte der habsburgischen Macht. (= Kohlhammer-Urban-Taschenbücher. Band 91). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1966.
 mit Bonifaz Pfister: Geschichte der Abtei Niederaltaich 741–1971. Winfried-Werk u. a., Augsburg u. a. 1971.

Literatur
 Edgar Hösch: Georg Stadtmüller (1909–1985) zum Gedächtnis. In: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, Neue Folge 33 (1985) Heft 4, S. 632–633.
 Horst Glassl, Peter Bartl (Hrsg.): Südosteuropa unter dem Halbmond. Untersuchungen über Geschichte und Kultur der südosteuropäischen Völker während der Türkenzeit. Prof. Georg Stadtmüller zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (= Beiträge zur Kenntnis Südosteuropas und des Nahen Orients. Band 16). Trofenik, München 1975, ISBN 3-87828-075-0.
 Horst Glassl, Ekkehard Völkl: Georg Stadtmüller (17. März 1909–1. November 1985). In: Ungarn-Jahrbuch, 14 (1986), S. IX–XI,online (PDF; 1,5 MB).
 Helmut W. Schaller: Georg Stadtmüller zum Gedächtnis. In: Zeitschrift für Ostforschung, 35 (1986), S. 403–405.
 Ekkehard Völkl: Georg Stadtmüller, 17.3.1909–1.11.1985. In: Zeitschrift für Politik, Neue Folge 33 (1986), S. 348–349.
 Gerhard Grimm: Georg Stadtmüller und Fritz Valjavec. Zwischen Anpassung und Selbstbehauptung. In: Mathias Beer (Hrsg.): Südostforschung im Schatten des Dritten Reiches. Institutionen – Inhalte – Personen (= Südosteuropäische Arbeiten. Band 119). Oldenbourg, München 2004, ISBN 3-486-57564-3, S. 237–255.

 Zsolt K. Lengyel: Hungarologie im Ungarischen Institut München. Grundlagen, Ursachen und Ziele der Neuprofilierung um die Jahrtausendwende. In: Márta Fata (Hrsg.): Das Ungarnbild der deutschen Historiographie (= Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Donauschwäbische Geschichte und Landeskunde. Band 13). Steiner, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-515-08428-2, S. 310–326.

Weblinks

 Nachlass in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek

Anmerkungen

Osteuropahistoriker
Byzantinist
Rektor einer Hochschule in Deutschland
Hochschullehrer (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)
Hochschullehrer (HfP München)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Leipzig)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Breslau)
Person (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek)
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes 1. Klasse
Träger des Bayerischen Verdienstordens
Ehrendoktor der Ukrainischen Freien Universität München
CSU-Mitglied
NSDAP-Mitglied
SA-Mitglied
Mitglied im Stahlhelm
Person im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Deutsches Reich)
Dolmetscher
Deutscher
Geboren 1909
Gestorben 1985
Mann
Albanologe

Georg Stadtmüller


O Campeonato Paulista de Basquete Masculino de 2022 é uma competição brasileira de basquete masculino organizada pela Federação Paulista de Basketball.

Nesta edição, as novidades são a ausência do Mogi das Cruzes Basquete, após 11 participações consecutivas no estadual, o retorno do tradicional São José Basketball, além da estreia do AZ Basquete Araraquara.

Participantes e regulamento
No dia 24 de junho, a Federação Paulista de Basketball (FPB) divulgou em seu site os 11 participantes da edição de 2022 do Campeonato Paulista da Divisão Especial Masculina. Além da volta do São José e o debute do AZ Basquete Araraquara, Bauru, Corinthians, Franca, Liga Sorocabana, Osasco, Paulistano, Pinheiros, Rio Claro e São Paulo também foram as outras equipes confirmados pela entidade.

O sistema de disputa permaneceu o mesmo do ano anterior. As 11 associações jogarão entre si em turno único. As equipes que obtiverem classificação de 1.° a 5.° lugares, formarão a Chave "A", e as demais cinco colocadas formarão a Chave "B". As associações que comporão a Chave A jogarão entre si em turno único, com mando invertido em relação à fase anterior, carregando os resultados do turno apenas dos jogos realizados entre eles, para definir a classificação final para os playoffs, do 1.º ao 5.º lugar. Já as associações que comporão a Chave B jogarão também entre si em turno único, com mando invertido em relação à fase anterior, carregando os resultados entre elas da fase anterior. Deste grupo, irão se classificar os três primeiros colocados, para ocupar a 6.ª, 7.ª e 8.ª colocações para a disputa dos playoffs, que terão seus confrontos definidos após cruzamento olímpico (1.º X 8.º; 2.º X 7.º; 3.º X 6.º e 4.º X 5.º) e disputados em melhor de três jogos em todas as fases.

Transmissão
O Campeonato Paulista de 2022 tem a transmissão ao vivo de 100% dos jogos pela GCS TV/TV FPB
no YouTube, além da exibição pelo BandSports na TV fechada.

Classificação

Primeira fase

Fase de realinhamento

Grupo A

Grupo B

Playoffs

Chaveamento

Resultados

Quartas de final

Semifinal

Final

Ligações externas

 Website oficial da Federação Paulista de Basketball

Campeonato Paulista de Basquete Masculino


Sidney Farber (30 de setembro de 1903 - 30 de março de 1973) foi um patologista pediátrico americano. Ele é considerado o pai da quimioterapia moderna por seu trabalho com antagonistas do ácido fólico no tratamento da leucemia, o que levou ao desenvolvimento de outros agentes quimioterápicos contra outras neoplasias. Farber também atuou na conscientização e arrecadação de fundos para pesquisas sobre o câncer, principalmente por meio da criação do Fundo Jimmy, uma fundação dedicada à pesquisa pediátrica do câncer infantil. O Dana-Farber Cancer Institute recebeu seu nome.
!Artigos com hCards

Anos iniciais
Ele nasceu em Buffalo, Nova York, filho de pais judeus, Simon e Matilda (Goldstein) Farber. Ele era o terceiro de 14 filhos, irmão mais novo do notável filósofo e professor da Universidade de Buffalo, Marvin Farber (1901–1980).

Farber se formou na State University of New York em Buffalo, ou SUNY Buffalo, em 1923. O Farber Hall, construído em 1953 no Campus Sul de SUNY Buffalo, leva seu nome.

Em meados da década de 1920, estudantes judeus eram frequentemente impedidos de ingressar nas escolas de medicina dos Estados Unidos, o que o levou a ir para a Europa. Fluente em alemão, Farber estudou o primeiro ano da faculdade de medicina nas Universidades de Heidelberg e Freiburg, na Alemanha. Tendo se destacado na Alemanha, Farber ingressou na Harvard Medical School como aluno do segundo ano e se formou em 1927.

Farber fez pós-graduação em patologia no Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (o predecessor do Brigham and Women's Hospital ) em Boston, Massachusetts, onde foi orientado por Kenneth Blackfan, e foi nomeado patologista residente no Children's Hospital em 1929.

Carreira
Após a pós-graduação, Farber tornou-se professor de patologia na Harvard Medical School em 1929. Ele também foi o primeiro patologista a trabalhar em tempo integral no Children's Hospital, assumindo no mesmo ano. Lá, tornou-se pupilo e amigo próximo do patologista Simeon Burt Wolbach. Farber era um cientista extremamente meticuloso e preciso, e seu laboratório ficou conhecido por sua organização.

Em 1946, Farber foi nomeado gestor da equipe do Hospital Infantil, onde administrou o Centro Médico Infantil e planejou um Instituto de Patologia Pediátrica que agora existe como o prédio de Pesquisa Pediátrica. Farber foi nomeado patologista-chefe do Hospital Infantil em 1947 e professor de patologia na Harvard Medical School em 1948.

Ao longo de sua carreira, Farber publicou mais de 270 livros e trabalhos de pesquisa sobre patologia pediátrica, autópsia e história da medicina. Muitos permanecem referências clássicas hoje, como seu livro de 1937 sobre métodos e técnicas de autópsia intitulado The Postmortem Examination.

Fundador da Patologia Pediátrica
A pesquisa de Farber foi focada principalmente em doenças infantis. Seu trabalho no Children's abrangeu muitas áreas, incluindo fibrose cística, doença celíaca, doença da membrana hialina infantil, encefalite equina do leste, granuloma eosinofílico, íleo meconial e síndrome de morte súbita infantil. Como resultado, Farber é agora conhecido como um dos fundadores da patologia pediátrica.

Pai da quimioterapia moderna

Leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil
Na década de 1940, a leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil era quase invariavelmente fatal e pouco se sabia sobre os mecanismos da doença. Apenas tratamento de suporte estava disponível, incluindo transfusões de concentrado de hemácias e antibióticos, levando a taxas de sobrevivência de apenas semanas a meses após o diagnóstico. Apesar do pessimismo geral da comunidade científica em relação aos esforços para curar o câncer, Farber dedicou-se à batalha contra a leucemia infantil em 1947, durante seu cargo de professor assistente no Children's Hospital e na Harvard Medical School.

Farber descobriu que o ácido fólico desempenha um papel fundamental na proliferação de células cancerígenas em leucemias. Percebendo isso, ele tentou usar um antagonista do folato, aminopterina, para bloquear a função do ácido fólico em pacientes com leucemia na esperança de alcançar a remissão. Em 1947, Farber conduziu um ensaio clínico com aminopterina em 16 crianças, 10 das quais alcançaram remissão temporária. Enquanto muitos clínicos responderam a esses resultados com entusiasmo, vários cientistas expressaram ceticismo e resistência contra a nova droga, já que Farber era um jovem patologista na época. No entanto, a descoberta de Farber marcou um avanço na pesquisa do câncer, uma vez que, até então, nenhuma droga havia sido considerada eficaz contra as neoplasias hematológicas.

Enquanto trabalhava na Harvard Medical School em um projeto de pesquisa financiado por uma bolsa da American Cancer Society, ele realizou a avaliação pré-clínica e clínica da aminopterina (sintetizada por Yellapragada Subbarow). Ele mostrou pela primeira vez que a indução de remissão clínica e hematológica nesta doença era alcançável. Essas descobertas promoveram Farber como o pai da era moderna da quimioterapia para doenças neoplásicas, já sendo reconhecido havia uma década como um dos fundadores da patologia pediátrica moderna.

Tumor de Wilms
Ao longo das décadas de 1950 e 1960, Farber continuou a avançar na pesquisa do câncer, notadamente com a descoberta, em1955, de que o antibiótico actinomicina D e a radioterapia pós-operatória poderiam induzir remissão nos pacientes com tumor de Wilms, um câncer pediátrico renal. O antibiótico, derivado do Streptomyces parvulus, foi originalmente oferecido gratuitamente pela Eli Lilly Pharmaceutical Company. Farber e seus colegas publicaram seus resultados sobre a eficácia da actinomicina D em 1960, e o desenvolvimento de protocolos de tratamento pelo National Wilms Tumor Study Group resultou em uma taxa de sobrevivência de 90% em crianças com tumores de Wilms até o final do século.

Outras contribuições científicas
Em 1939, durante seu termo no Children's Hospital, Farber trabalhou com Jerome S. Harris para publicar uma descrição clássica da transposição dos grandes vasos sanguíneos no coração. Este trabalho desempenhou importante papel no desenvolvimento da cirurgia cardíaca pediátrica.

Em 1952, Farber descreveu uma doença de armazenamento de lipídios que posteriormente foi denominada doença de Farber.

Fundo Jimmy
Farber começou a arrecadar fundos para pesquisas sobre o câncer com o Variety Club of New England em 1947. Juntos, eles criaram a Children's Cancer Research Foundation (CCRF), um dos primeiros esforços de arrecadação de fundos para pesquisa em câncer pediátrico nos EUA, com o intuito de tirar o máximo proveito da mídia moderna, como, por exemplo, com uma participação no programa de rádio Truth or Consequences. Em 22 de maio de 1948, um dos primeiros pacientes do CCRF a responder ao antifolato de Farber, um menino de 12 anos chamado Einar Gustafson, apareceu no programa. Apesar de ter linfoma de Burkitt, em vez de leucemia, Gustafson (apelidado de 'Jimmy' para fins publicitários) tornou-se uma inspiração para todos os pacientes pediátricos com câncer e desencadeou a renomeação do CCRF para Fundo Jimmy.

O sucesso do Fundo Jimmy levou Farber a perceber a importância do marketing no avanço científico do conhecimento sobre doenças. Durante sua carreira, Farber iria muito além de seu papel como patologista e oncologista, tornando-se não apenas um clínico, mas também um divulgador público da pesquisa do câncer. Essa transição pessoal também refletiu a mudança na atitude da sociedade em relação ao câncer; trazendo a doença para o centro das atenções do público e impulsionando o financiamento e a conscientização para a pesquisa do câncer no restante do século e depois.

Divulgação da pesquisa do câncer
Começando no início dos anos 1950 e continuando até sua morte em 1973, Farber se tornou destaque nas audiências do Congresso sobre dotações para pesquisas sobre o câncer. Um orador empolgante, ele foi bem sucedido em seus esforços. Com Mary Woodard Lasker, uma defensora de longa data da pesquisa biomédica, o famoso cirurgião Michael E. DeBakey, o senador J. Lister Hill do Alabama e o congressista John E. Fogarty de Rhode Island, Farber liderou o esforço para uma expansão maciça nos gastos federais com a pesquisa do câncer. Entre 1957 e 1967, o orçamento anual do National Cancer Institute, o principal financiador do governo para pesquisas sobre o câncer, saltou de US$ 48 milhões para US$ 176 milhões.

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Em 1974, o CCRF de Farber foi renomeado Sidney Farber Cancer Center e, posteriormente em 1976, para Sidney Farber Cancer Institute. O apoio financeiro do industrial Charles A. Dana e de sua fundação foi reconhecido através da construção do Edifício Charles A. Dana em 1978 e pelo estabelecimento do nome atual do Instituto de Dana-Farber Cancer Institute em 1983.

Vida pessoal
Farber casou-se com Norma Farber (ex-Holzman) em 1928, poetisa, autora de livros infantis e soprano clássica.

Em 30 de março de 1973, aos 69 anos, Sidney Farber morreu de parada cardíaca enquanto trabalhava em seu escritório, deixando sua viúva, quatro filhos e três netos.

Ligações externas

 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
 Hospital Infantil de Boston
 Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center
 Sociedade Americana de Câncer

Quimioterapia
Alunos da Escola de Medicina Harvard
Oncologistas dos Estados Unidos
Patologistas dos Estados Unidos
Pesquisadores do câncer
Descendentes de judeus

Sidney Farber


El coludo colicuña (Emberizoides herbicola), también denominado coludo grande (en Paraguay, Uruguay y Argentina), sabanero coludo (en Colombia, Venezuela y Costa Rica), sabanero cola de cuña (en Perú), pinzón coludo grande (en Ecuador) o pinzón-yerbero colicuña (en Panamá), es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Thraupidae perteneciente al género Emberizoides. Anteriormente se clasificaba en Emberizidae. Es nativa de América del Sur y del este de América Central.

Distribución y hábitat
Se distribuye de forma disjunta: desde el sur de Costa Rica, hasta el centro de Panamá; en los Andes del oeste de Colombia; desde el este de Colombia hasta el noreste de Venezuela; en Guyana, adyacencias del extremo norte de Brasil y litoral atlántico de Surinam, Guayana Francesa y norte de Brasil; en el norte de Perú y sur de Ecuador; y en una extensa área desde el noreste, centro y oeste de Brasil (al sur de la Amazonia, en donde está prácticamente ausente), extremo sureste de Perú, norte y este de Bolivia, este de Paraguay, hasta el noreste de Argentina, sur de Brasil y norte de Uruguay.

Esta especie, ampliamente diseminada, es considerada localmente común en sus hábitats naturales: la sabana seca tropical o subtropical de tierras bajas, con pastizales altos estacionalmente húmedos menos perturbados, con gramíneas, árboles y arbustos esparcidos, sobre todo donde el zacate es alto y no se encuentra excesivamente pastoreado ni quemado y, además, los bosques antiguos muy degradados.

Descripción

Mide entre 18y 20 cm de longitud y pesa entre 22 y 30 g. La corona y el dorso son de color marrón anteado por encima, con un notorio listado negro parduzco; las coberteras alares y las primarias bordeadas son de color verde oliva brillante; las secundarias y las timoneras presentan color ante opaco; el borde de hombro es amarillo. Muestran un anillo ocular blanco interrumpido; las cejas son blancuzcas y las mejillas parduzcas. La garganta, el pecho y el vientre son blancos y el costado y los flancos exhiben un listado fusco escaso. Tiene una cola larga, cuya longitud equivale a más de la mitad de su cuerpo. El pico es amarillo brillante, con el borde superior negro. Las patas son de color marrón claro amarillento a rosado.

Los ejemplares inmaduros tienen la sobreceja y el lado inferior de color amarillo azufrado y las mandíbulas son blancuzcas; los lados del pecho presentan un abundante listado negro parduzco.

Comportamiento

Alimentación
Caza insectos y consume semillas; busca alimento en el suelo o en medio de los tallitos de las gramíneas.

Reproducción
Con un  comportamiento abiertamente territorial, el macho se mantiene con su pareja, rechazando que cualquier otro macho se acerque a su territorio. Se reproducen de mayo a septiembre. Construyen el nido en forma taza, con tallos y espigas secas de gramíneas y unas pocas raicillas, entre el nivel del suelo y unos 30 cm de altura, entre las gramíneas. La hembra ponen dos o tres huevos blancos, con unas pocas manchas negruzcas en el extremo grueso.

Vocalización

El canto es variable, bastante musical y agradable, las aves sureñas dan un «yit-yuilá? jitiliú» repetido de forma pausada, a cada tanto; las aves norteñas dan un «yiu-li, yiu-lu». También emiten unos cantos más animados o parloteados, algunas veces en vuelo.

Sistemática

Descripción original
La especie E. herbicola fue descrita por primera vez por el naturalista francés Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot en 1817 bajo el nombre científico Sylvia herbicola; la localidad tipo es: «Paraguay».

Etimología
El nombre genérico masculino Emberizoides es una combinación del género Emberiza, que deriva del alemán antiguo «embritz» utilizado para designar a los pájaros del Viejo Mundo llamados escribanos, y de la palabra griega «oidēs» que significa «que se parece», «parecido con»; y el nombre de la especie «herbicola» se compone de las palabras del latín  «herba»: hierba, y «cola»: habitante.

Taxonomía
La especie Emberizoides duidae ya fue considerada conespecífica con la presente, y algunos autores consideran que las evidencias para separarlas son débiles.

Subespecies
Según la clasificación Clements Checklist/eBird v.2019 se reconocen seis subespecies, con su correspondiente distribución geográfica:

 Emberizoides herbicola lucaris , 1908 – suroeste de Costa Rica (área de Térraba).
 Emberizoides herbicola hypochondriacus , 1906 – colinas del oeste de Panamá (Volcán de Chiriquí) hasta la ciudad de Panamá.
 Emberizoides herbicola floresae , 1924 – montañas del oeste de Panamá (Cerro Flores en el este de Chiriquí).
 Emberizoides herbicola apurensis , 1940 – Colombia al este de los Andes y oeste de Venezuela.
 Emberizoides herbicola sphenurus (), 1818 – norte de Colombia hasta Venezuela, las Guayanas y norte de Brasil.
 Emberizoides herbicola herbicola (), 1817 – extremo sureste de Perú, al este de Bolivia, Paraguay, noreste de Argentina, centro, este y sur de Brasil, norte de Uruguay.

La clasificación del Congreso Ornitológico Internacional (IOC) considera a floresae inválida.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Videos, fotos y sonidos de Emberizoides herbicola en eBird.
 Sonidos y mapa de distribución de Emberizoides herbicola en xeno-canto.
 Fotos y sonidos de  Emberizoides herbicola en Wikiaves.
 Galería de fotos de Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch en VIREO.

herbicola
Aves de América Central
Aves de América del Sur
Taxones descritos por Louis Pierre Vieillot
Animales descritos en 1817

Emberizoides herbicola


Tururu es un municipio brasileño del estado del Ceará.

Toponimia
Tururu es una palabra originária del tupí, que significa lugar del caracoles.

Historia

Fue elevado a Villa el 2 de agosto de 1884, y a Municipio el 4 de julio de 1963, sin embargo fue suprimido antes de su instalación (Ley n.º 8.339, del 14 de diciembre de 1965). Su restauración se dio a través la Ley n.º 11.334, del 19 de junio de 1987.

Demografía
Su población estimada en 2004 era de 12.518 habitantes, siendo que la población masculina era del 49,99%.

Enlaces externos

 Mapa de Tururu
 Página del IBGE
 Página del Ceará

Referencias

Localidades de Ceará

Tururu


Konjska glava je brdo na području Grada Otočca. Najbliža naselja su Glibodol, Dabar i Zapolje te krško Dabarsko polje. Najviši vrh brda je na 967 metara nadmorske visine.
Pučka predaja dovodi u svezu ime brda s bitkom s Turcima kod Dabra iz 1527. godine. Prema predaji, brdo je dobilo ime po tome što su na njemu najprije naišli na mrtvog konja turskog zapovjednika (Osman-age Glumca). Po osmanskom zapovjedniku zove se obližnje Osmanagino polje, gdje su ga po predaji našli mrtva u šupljem drvu u kojem se skrio.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Marica Draženović: Dabarska brda i brežuljci: Brdo Konjska glava, Dabar, NV 967 m  Poslano 7. prosinca 2008. Cro-eu.

Brda u Hrvatskoj
Otočac

Konjska glava (brdo)


Ire Aderinokun, née le , est une développeuse front-end nigériane. Elle est la première femme Google Developer Expert du Nigeria.

Biographie

Enfance
Ire Aderinokun vient de l'État d'Ogun, au Nigéria. Elle est née dans la famille de Tayo et de Mme Olunfunlola Aderinokun.

Education
Après ses études secondaires au Nigeria, elle a obtenu un baccalauréat en psychologie expérimentale de l'Université de Bristol. Tout en poursuivant sa maîtrise en droit à l'Université de Bristol, ses intérêts pour l'informatique l'ont amenée à suivre un cours de design à Codeacademy.

Débuts
Ire Aderinokun est autodidacte. Elle a écrit son premier site web à 13 ans en tant que site de fans pour Neopets où elle avait appris ses premiers codes HTML de base. Ire Aderinokun est également autrice du blog appelé bitsofcode, où elle présente des astuces de codage à d'autres développeurs. Elle a commencé le blog en 2015.

Carrière
Ire Aderinokun est une experte développeur de Google, spécialisé dans les technologies frontales de base HTML, CSS et JavaScript. Ire est également auteur à techcabal.

Elle organise Frontstack, une conférence pour l'ingénierie frontale au Nigeria et a lancé un petit programme de bourses pour parrainer des femmes nigérianes. Elle est cofondatrice de BuyCoins, qui est un échange de crypto-monnaie pour l'Afrique.

Ire Aderinokun est l'une des membres fondatrices de Feminist Coalition un groupe de jeunes femmes nigérianes dont le but est de promouvoir l'égalité des sexes dans la société nigériane. Considérée comme femme inspirante, elle intervient comme mentor à divers occasions comme le STEM.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Informaticienne nigériane
Féministe nigériane
Personnalité liée à Bristol (Royaume-Uni)
Bristol
Etudiant

Ire Aderinokun


The Université de Saint-Boniface (USB) is a French-language public university located in the Saint Boniface neighbourhood of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. An affiliated institution of the University of Manitoba, the university offers general and specialized university degree programs as well as technical and professional training. In 2014, 1,368 regular students were enrolled. Its Continuing Education Division, which includes a language school, has also counted over 4,200 enrolments.

History

Université de Saint-Boniface was established by Father Norbert Provencher (1787–1853) in 1818, making it western Canada's oldest post-secondary educational institution. It began as a small school where Latin was taught to the boys of the French-speaking Red River Colony.

In 1855, Collège de Saint-Boniface was constructed on the corner of Taché Avenue and Masson Street; this was overseen by Msgr. Alexandre-Antonin Taché (1823–1894). From 1866 to 1870, under the guidance of Bishop George Dugas, Collège changed its programs to incorporate the instruction of Latin, Greek, and philosophy into a classical curriculum.

Incorporated in 1871, Collège was one of the earliest official institutions of the new province of Manitoba, which had joined the Canadian Confederation the year before. In 1877, together with the Anglican St. John's College and the Presbyterian Manitoba College, it helped establish the University of Manitoba. Collège served both francophone and anglophone Catholic students. Around the same time, Manitoba saw an influx of French-speaking newcomers from Quebec, France, Switzerland and Belgium. In 1880, increased enrolment led to the construction of a larger building on the site of what is now Provencher Park. Annual enrolment was around 300 students at that time.

In 1890, French lost official language status in Manitoba, and in 1916, the Thornton Act prohibited French-language instruction in the province's public schools. As a private institution, Collège remained in operation and encouraged public schools to oppose the government ban. French-language teaching continued in secret.

On November 25, 1922, a  fire started in a music room in the basement and the blaze destroyed the building, including all of its records and the 40,000-volume library; claiming ten victims. In response to this, Msgr. Arthur Béliveau, Archbishop of St. Boniface, donated the seminary (Le Petit Séminaire) on Avenue de la Cathédrale, the present location of USB. English-speaking Jesuits also founded their own college (St. Paul's College) in 1925, and USB became a francophone institution. However, Collège offered business courses in English until 1941.

The 1960s were marked by three major changes: the arrival of women in the classroom (1959), the beginnings of continuing education (including French and French as a second language classes, which sparked controversy), and the institution's transition to secular administration (1969).

In 1975, Collège began to offer technical and professional programs, which led to the creation of the École technique et professionnelle (ETP) in 1989. In 1983, high school classes were transferred to Collège Louis-Riel and Collège began to focus solely on post-secondary education.

The institution officially became the Université de Saint-Boniface in September 2011 after the passage of the Université de Saint-Boniface Act.

Despite its new status as a university, USB continues to be affiliated with the University of Manitoba, which it helped establish in 1877. Enshrined in the Université de Saint-Boniface Act, the university remained affiliated with the University of Manitoba, and USB was committed to preserving this 135-year-old relationship. University degrees continue to be conferred by the University of Manitoba. However, graduates of the technical and professional programs of the ETP or École des sciences infirmières et des études de la santé (ESIES) receive their diploma or certificate from Université de Saint-Boniface.

Although a hub of French-language education and of Manitoba's francophone community, USB still accepts students from around the world.

Campus
 Located on 200 Avenue de la Cathedrale which is central to the St. Boniface neighbourhood. It is also close to the St. Boniface Hospital, the St. Boniface Cathedral, and the Red River. The Esplanade Riel leads from the Université to Winnipeg's downtown.

The main USB building, build with Tyndall stone, houses two gymnasiums, the Sportex fitness centre, a library, a chapel, the Étienne Gaboury student centre, the campus radio station, an amphitheatre, computer facilities, a performance hall and an art gallery.

The new Pavillon Marcel-A.-Desautels health sciences building opened in 2011.

Student residence
The student residence, located at 474 and 480 Aulneau Street in Winnipeg, was acquired in 2005 from the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate. In 2014, the building was officially named Résidence-Père-Théophile-Lavoie-O.M.I.

Fitness centre
Sportex, the university's fitness centre, first opened in 1988, offering sport programmes for students, university staff, and the general public.

Programs

Université de Saint-Boniface offers both university and technical and professional programs as well as continuing education courses.

University and college programs

Continuing education
Université de Saint-Boniface's Continuing Education Division has courses in several areas. Its Language School (École de langues) has French and Spanish courses, and produces instructional material for teaching French as a first or additional language. The Continuing Education Division has an annual enrolment of over 4,000 students.

Research
The research conducted at Université de Saint-Boniface is internationally recognised and focuses on areas related to the university, such as health and Francophone and Métis identity.

Founded in 1985, USB's Research Centre houses the Centre d'études Franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest (CEFCO), Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface (PUSB), and the Canadian Research Chair on Migrations, Transfers and Francophone Communities (CRC-MTCF). In the past it has also held the Canada Research Chair on Métis Identity (CRCMI) chaired by Dr. Denis Gagnon from 2004 to 2014, and the Community-University Research Alliance on Francophone Identities in Western Canada (ARUC-IFO) chaired by Dr. Len Rivard from 2007 to 2013.

Scholarships and bursaries
The Canadian government sponsors an Aboriginal Bursaries Search Tool that lists more than 680 scholarships, bursaries, and other incentives offered by governments, universities, and industry to support Aboriginal post-secondary participation. Université de Saint-Boniface scholarships for Aboriginal, First Nations and Métis students include: Louis Riel Scholarships; Louis Riel Institute Bursaries.

Administration
The purposes and powers of Université de Saint-Boniface are set out in the Université de Saint-Boniface Act, the most recent version of which is dated June 2011. Its bilateral governance structure consists of the Board of Governors and the Senate. A number of ad hoc committees are also in place.

USB President

Originally from Lévis, a suburb of Québec city, Sophie Bouffard obtained a doctorate in musicology (2011) from the University of Regina and a masters in music (2000) from Université Laval. Soprano opera singer by profession, she has given a number of performances in Canada and abroad. Specialist in the creation of new music, many works have been composed for her. Mrs. Bouffard is the second female president in USB history and is the 45th person to hold the position. She has been the USB president since August 2019.

Past presidents
Source:
 Msgr. Norbert Provencher (1818–1853)
 Msgr. Alexandre-A. Taché (1854–1860)
 R.P. Jean-Marie Le Floch, omi (1860–1862)
 R.P. Joseph Lestanc, omi (1862–1865)
 R.P. Valentin Végreville, omi (1865–1866)
 R.P. Georges Dugas (1866–1869)
 R.P. Louis-R. Giroux (1869–1870)
 R.P. Théophile Lavoie, omi (1870–1878)
 R.P. A.-A. Forget-Despatis (1878–1881)
 R.P. A.A. Cherrier (1881–1884)
 R.P. François-A. Dugas (1884–1885)
 R.P. Hippolyte Lory, s.j. (1885–1890)
 R.P. Xavier Renaud, s.j. (1890–1891)
 R.P. Henri Hudon, s.j. (1891–1894)
 R.P. Rémi Chartier, s.j. (1894–1898)
 R.P. Julien Paquin. s.j. (1898–1900)
 R.P. Hyacinthe Hudon, s.j. (1990–1903)
 R.P. Jacques Dugas, s.j. (1903–1908)
 R.P. Télesphore Filiatrault, s.j. (1908–1910)
 R.P. Joseph Carrière, s.j. (1910–1911)
 R.P. Gustave Jean, s.j. (1911–1912)
 R.P. Edouard Lecompte, s.j. (1912–1914)
 R.P. Alexandre Gagnieur, s.j. (1914–1915)
 R.P. Grégoire Féré, s.j. (1915–1919)
 R.P. Henri Bourque, s.j. (1919–1924)
 R.P. Joseph Desjardins, s.j. (1924–1930)
 R.P. Fernand Faure, s.j. (1930–1933)
 R.P. Joseph Béliveau, s.j. (1933–1940)
 R.P. Martial Caron, s.j. (1940–1943)
 R.P. Louis Mailhot, s.j. (1943–1947)
 R.P. Georges Desjardins, s.j. (1947–1951)
 R.P. J. d'Auteuil Richard, s.j. (1951–1954)
 R.P. Oscar Boily, s.j. (1954–1960)
 R.P. Guy Fortier, s.j. (1960–1964)
 R.P. Alfred Ducharme, s.j. (1964–1967)
 Msgr. Antoine Hacault (1967–1969)
 R.P. Stéphane Valiquette, s.j. (1969–1970)
 Roger Saint-Denis (1970–1974)
 Georges Damphousse (interim) (1974–1975)
 Roland Cloutier (1975–1979)
 Claude Thibault (1980–1981)
 Paul Ruest (1981–2003)
 Raymonde Gagné (2003–2014)
 Gabor Csepregi (2014–2019)

Board of Governors

The 15-member Board of Governors administers USB affairs. Its duties include managing the institution's assets, appointing senior staff, approving the USB budget, and adding or eliminating programs.

Notable alumni

USB alumni includes judges, lawyers, bishops and archbishops, radio and television personalities, hockey players, architects and singers. A notably famous USB alumnus was Louis Riel, the Métis leader who negotiated the terms under which the province of Manitoba entered Canadian Confederation in 1870.

Notable athletes from the university include:
 Tony Gingras, Stanley Cup champion – Winnipeg Victorias (1901 & 1902)
 Clem Loughlin, Stanley Cup champion – Victoria Cougars (1925)
 Rosario Couture, Stanley Cup champion – Chicago Blackhawks (1934)
 Duke Dutkowski, professional hockey player (NHL)
Among entertainment personalities, a notable alumnus is Rosemary Barton, a CBC News correspondent and singer Daniel Lavoie.

University press
The Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface (PUSB) university press was established in 1990. It publishes the research findings of Université de Saint-Boniface faculty and the work of the Centre d'études Franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest (CEFCO) and the Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest.

To date, PUSB has published works on educational integration, translation, grammar, cultural production, inter-linguistic and socio-cultural relations, and francophone education in a minority setting.

The literary works of Gabrielle Roy and Roger Léveillé have also been published at PUSB.

See also
 Classical college

References

Universities and colleges in Winnipeg
French-language universities and colleges in Canada outside Quebec
Educational institutions established in 1818
University of Manitoba
Catholic universities and colleges in Canada
Saint Boniface, Winnipeg
Municipal Historical Resources of Winnipeg

Université de Saint-Boniface


Bleach Filmul: Capitolul Iadului al seriei anime Bleach se bazează pe seria manga Bleach de Tite Kubo. Bleach Filmul: Capitolul Iadului din Bleach, serie de anime, este regizat de Noriyuki Abe și produs de Studioul Pierrot și TV Tokyo și a avut premiera pe data de 4 decembrie 2010 la cinema în Japonia.

Povestea
"Notă: Episodul 299 este un prolog ce are loc înainte de film."

"Iadul" este locul în care o persoană este trimisă după ce a comis crime violente atunci când era în viață. Shinigamilor le este interzis să meargă acolo. Într-o zi, prizonierii se revoltă și scapă în Karakura în care Ichigo și prietenii săi trăiesc. Ichigo și prietenii săi sunt învinși unul după altul de către deținuții cu puteri copleșitoare. Un bărbat misterios apare ce vine în ajutorul lor. Cu Kokuto în frunte, Ichigo, Rukia, Uryu și Renji intră în Iad pentru a salva lumea.

Referințe

Bleach
Filme din 20010

Bleach Filmul: Capitolul Iadului


Amadis Jamyn (født 1530 i Chaource nær Troyes, død 1585 sammesteds) var en fransk digter.

Han stod i nært forhold til Plejaden og var discipel af Ronsard. Hans oversættelse af Homer (1574) blev modtaget med stor begejstring og er også trods forskellige mangler et betydeligt arbejde; mindre interesse knytter der sig til hans egne poesier, der væsentlig består af sonetter, elegier og oder og ikke udmærker sig ved nogen originalitet; fremhæves bør dog Poème de la chasse og La libéralité, begge dedicerede til Karl IX, hvis sekretær han var.

Kilder

Digtere fra Frankrig
Fransksprogede forfattere
Franskmænd i 1500-tallet

Amadis Jamyn


Hossein Derakhshan (; born January 7, 1975), also known as Hoder, is an Iranian-Canadian blogger, journalist, and researcher who was imprisoned in Tehran from November 2008 to November 2014. He is credited with starting the blogging revolution in Iran and is called the father of Persian blogging by many journalists. He also helped to promote podcasting in Iran. Derakhshan was arrested on November 1, 2008 and sentenced to 19½ years in prison on September 28, 2010. His sentence was reduced to 17 years in October 2013. He was pardoned by Iran's supreme leader and on November 19, 2014 was released from Evin prison.

Education
Derakhshan started his education in Nikan High School in Tehran. He has a bachelor's degree in sociology from Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran. He spent time studying sociology at the University of Toronto. He holds a master's degree (MA) in Film and Media Studies from SOAS, University of London, 2008.

Early journalism
Derakhshan started out as a journalist writing about Internet and digital culture for reformist newspaper, Asr-e Azadegan in 1999. Later, when this paper was closed down by the judiciary system, he moved to another newspaper, Hayat-e No. His column there was called Panjere-i roo be hayaat (A Window to the Life, a reference to Alfred Hitchcock's Rear Window), and later expanded to a weekly page on digital culture, Internet and computer games.

Blogging advocacy
In December 2000, Derakhshan moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada. On September 25, 2001, he started his weblog in the Persian language. It was titled Sardabir: khodam, or "Editor: Myself".

He later moved his manually maintained weblog to Blogger.com, which was not supporting Unicode at the time. He also prepared a step-by-step guide in Persian on how other Persian writers can start their weblogs using Blogger.com and the Unicode standard.

Derakhshan spoke at the Wikimania 2005 conference in Frankfurt, Germany regarding the complementary use of wikis and blogs to aid political reform and the growth of democracy in Iran and other countries.

On leaving Iran, he was briefly detained and summoned to the Ministry of Intelligence. A few days later he was interrogated by an intelligence official over the content of his blog and was forced to sign an apology before being allowed to leave Iran. But after leaving Iran, he published a report on what happened on his website.

Activism

Anti-censorship
Derakhshan's weblog, like some other political Persian blogs and websites, has been blocked (or filtered) by the government in Iran, since 2004.

In December 2003, he founded Stop censoring us, a blog to watch the situation of internet censorship in Iran. He appeared a few times on a VOA Persian TV show to talk about Internet censorship and methods to get around filters.

Against Israel-Iran escalation
Derakhshan visited Israel as a Canadian citizen in early 2006 and early 2007. Before his first visit, he stated that he went to Israel as a personal attempt to start a dialogue between Iranian and Israeli people.

This might mean that I won't be able to go back to Iran for a long time, since Iran doesn't recognize Israel, has no diplomatic relations with it, and apparently considers traveling there illegal. Too bad, but I don't care. Fortunately, I'm a citizen of Canada and I have the right to visit any country I want.

I'm going to Israel as a citizen journalist and a peace activist. As a citizen journalist, I'm going to show my 20,000 daily Iranian readers what Israel really looks like and how people live there. The Islamic Republic has long portrayed Israel as an evil state, with a consensual political agenda of killing every single man and woman who prays to Allah, including Iranians. I'm going to challenge that image.

As a peace activist, I'm going to show the Israelis that the vast majority of Iranians do not identify with Ahmadinejad's rhetoric, despite what it looks like from the outside. I'm going to tell them how any kind of violent action against Iran would only harm the young people who are gradually reforming the system and how the radicals would benefit from such situation.

His second visit was to participate in a conference at The Chaim Herzog Center for Middle East Studies and Diplomacy at Ben-Gurion University in Beer Sheva. The annual international conference in 2007 was titled 'Reform, Resistance, and Conflicts in the Middle East." Hossein participated in panel titled 'Weblogging as a Space of Resistance', where he spoke about Iranian weblogs in a presentation titled as 'Internet in Iran: Are Weblogs and other forms of new media helping democracy in Iran?'.

His visits were widely covered by the local and international media, including Haaretz, Jerusalem Post, Ynet News, Ha'ir, Time Out Tel Aviv, Israeli Radio and its Persian service, Israel's English TV news, New York Times, BBC, etc.:
 Loving Tehran in Tel Aviv (Video) (January 2007). Israel's Channel Two.
 Iran-Israel Interface (January 2007). Jerusalem Post.
 King of the Iranian bloggers (January 2007). Haaretz
 חסיין דרחשאן, הבלוגר הכי חם בטהראן, בא לביקור בבאר שבע (January 2007). Haaretz
 I'll blog your house down (January 2006). Haaretz
 Web relations: Iranian blogs his way to Israel (January 2006). Jerusalem Post
 ראיון עם בלוגר איראני. (January 2006) YNet News
 Linking Tehran and Tel Aviv (May 2006). BBC News

Views

Iran's nuclear program
In August 2006, he published an article in the Columns & Blogs section of The Washington Post in which he supported Iran pursuing nuclear weapons as a deterrent to possible invasion by global powers, after normalising relations with the U.S. and Israel: However, later after his prison sentence he supported Iran's nuclear deal with the six world powers.

Defending Iran against U.S. attack
Derakhshan wrote in his blog in December 2006: "If the US attacked Iran, despite all my problems with the Islamic Republic, I'd go back and fight these bastards. ... I can't let myself sit down for a moment and watch them make a Baghdad out of Tehran." He later published a commentary on The Guardian, titled "Stop Bullying Iran", in which he elaborated on his short blog post on why he defends Iran.

Khalaji vs. Derakhshan defamation lawsuit
In November 2007, Mehdi Khalaji, a fellow at a hawkish think-tank called Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP), filed a $2 million libel and defamation lawsuit against Derakhshan, over one of his blog posts in his Persian blog, in which he criticizes Khalaji for his service to the "enemies of his people and humanity", referring to the American hawkish policy makers on its board who were close to the George W. Bush administration and were closely involved in his interventionist middle east policy, including the occupation of Iraq, such as Richard Perle, Condoleezza Rice and James Woolsey. The case was dropped after Derakhshan's imprisonment in Iran.

Earlier in August 2007, Derakhshan's Florida-based hosting company, Hosting Matters, had terminated his hosting account as a result of alleged 'intimidation' by Khalaji.

Arrest and imprisonment (2008–2014)
On November 1, 2008, Derakhshan was arrested at his family home in Tehran. During November, he was allowed four calls to his family, each lasting about one minute.

On November 18, the anti-censorship group Global Voices Online published an article about Derakhshan's arrest. A few days later, the Times of London published a report saying Derakhshan had been arrested for spying on behalf of Israel. Amnesty International later suggested that he was likely to face accusations of "insulting religion."

On December 30, Alireza Jamshidi, the speaker of the Judicial system of Iran confirmed Derakhshan's arrest, but did not mention any Israel-related accusations. Jamshidi said that Derakhshan was in the custody of the Islamic Revolutionary Court and his case was in early discovery phase, and that among Derakhshan's accusations is what he had written about the "Pure Imams".

Nineteen Iranian bloggers published a letter "categorically condemn[ing] the circumstances surrounding Derakhshan's arrest and detention and demand[ing] his immediate release". A website "Free the blogfather" was created by supporters of Derakhshan in order to campaign for his freedom. Before an earlier return to Iran in 2005, Derakhshan had published recommendations of what to do if he or someone else were arrested in Iran, including requests to "spread the word", to "get the English-language media involved" and to "get the publicity translated [into Persian]" and "keep it up".

In April 2009, the New York Times reported that Derakhshan was still detained without charges.

In October 2009, approaching the one-year anniversary of his arrest, his family began speaking out to Persian and English-language media, and Derakhshan's father Hassan sent an open letter to the new head of the Iranian Judiciary, Ayatollah Sadeq Larijani asking for information about his son's detention.

On October 29, 2009, according to Derakhshan's brother Hamed, Derakhshan's parents met with the new district attorney, who allowed them to have dinner in Evin Prison with their son. The brother also said that at the dinner, Hossein confirmed human rights activists' reports claiming Derakhshan had been subject to physical and psychological pressures such as being forced to do squats in cold showers, receiving repeated beatings, being subject to solitary confinedment, beatings, threats to arrest family members, and false promises of his release, in an effort to secure a confession to espionage charges.

Derakhshan's father, Hassan, also wrote a public letter to the head of the judiciary asking for Derakhshan's release.

Trial in 2010 and further developments
In March 2010, Derakhshan's mother, Ozra Kiarashpour, called on the head of Iran's judiciary to release her son, who had at that point been detained for 500 days without any official charge, for the Iranian New Year, or Norouz.

In June 2010, Tehran Revolutionary Court held Derakhshan's first trial. His sister Azadeh reported that the trial ended in late July, but no word on a verdict was available.

On September 28, Derakhshan was sentenced to 19½ years in prison. According to state-owned Mashregh News, which is close to Iran's presidential office, Derakhshan was convicted on charges of cooperation with hostile countries (a reference to the Israel visit), spreading propaganda against the ruling establishment, promotion of counterrevolutionary groups and insulting Islamic thought and religious figures.

On December 9, Derakhshan was released for two days on a bail of $1.5m (£950,000)

On May 6, 2011, Derakhshan updated his Facebook profile and photos, and added a one line status update of "On a very short leave from Evin".

In June 2011, Derakhshan's family said that the Iranian appeals court has upheld his conviction.

In October 2013, Derakhshan's sentence was reduced from 19.5 years to 17 years, as a result of the Supreme Leader's pardoning for Eid al-Fitr.

November 2014 release
Derakhshan was pardoned by the Supreme Leader of Iran Ali Khamenei in 2014 and freed from prison on November 19, 2014.

Post-prison activities
After his release, Derakhshan wrote an essay for Matter on how the internet had changed in his absence, titled "The Web We Have to Save" (2015). It was widely translated and published in various languages. The essay was the basis for a short video documentary he produced for Mozilla Foundation.

He has continued writing and speaking about socio-political implications of social media and the future of journalism. He received a research fellowship at Harvard Kennedy School's Shorenstein Center in Spring 2018. The invitation caused a controversy and a number of prominent Iranian journalists including Roya Hakakian and Maziar Bahari accused Derakhashan of framing Iranian scholars Ramin Jahanbegloo and Hale Sfandiari.

He has co-authored a report on "fake news" and disinformation with Claire Wardle, titled "Information Disorder" (2017) which was commission by Council of Europe. He has also co-authored a few opinion pieces about information disorder with Wardle.

In 2018, Derakhshan restarted writing and commenting on Iran.

In the 2021 Iranian presidential election, Derakhshan advocated participation in the election. The election broke records of the lowest turnout in Iranian electoral history and concluded with the victory of Ebrahim Raisi. Hemmati ended up in the third place (fourth considering invalid ballots).

See also
 List of foreign nationals detained in Iran

References

External links
Hossein Derakhshan's official homepage
Hossein Derakhshan's blog on The Washington Post, PostGlobal
Hossein Derakhshan's column on The Guardian
Hossein Derakhshan, Video stream; 'Reform, Youth and Technology in Iran at HUMlab
 - support site during Derakhshan's detention in Iran
 Derakhshan's childhood in Iran TV
 PRESS TV interview
 https://web.archive.org/web/20100926094233/http://www.freetheblogfather.org/ Free the blogfather Hossein Derakhshan, September 2010.
  Blogfather: Times are hard for Iran's online free-speech pioneer] (November 2007). Ottawa Citizen
 Iranian Blogger Hossein Derakhshan Sued for Defamation in Canada. (November 2007). Citizen Media Law Project at Harvard Law School
 Mehdi Khalaji sues Hossein Derakhshan (November 2007). Critical Montage
 People Change, Principles don't. (November 2007). My Heart Is In Accra
 Reform, Youth, and Technology in Iran, Lecture by Hossein Derakhshan (February 2006), HUMlab Sweden (video stream).
 Tough Times for Iranian Blogger (November 2007). Lenin's Tomb
 A neo-con censorship: A Threat to All of Us (August 2007). Monthly Review
 Hoder's recent problems. (August 2007). Iranian
 Shutting Down Hoder (August 2007). Iranian
 Wan-Ifra Hossein Derakhshan Jailed since November 2008 (April 2014)

Profiles
  Blogfather: Times are hard for Iran's online free-speech pioneer] (November 2007). Ottawa Citizen
 Blog Spring (Wired magazine)
 Persian blogging round the globe (BBC News)
 A Dissident's Diary. UofT Magazine
 I'll blog your house down (January 2006). Haaretz
 Web relations: Iranian blogs his way to Israel (January 2006). Jerusalem Post
 In Weblogistan. Die Zeit
 Jürgs, Alexander. (December 2005). Vater der Blogger Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
 Hoder visar ett annat Iran Svenska Dagbladet
 Raadsels rond opsluiting omstreden Iraanse blogger (Oktober 2010). De Nieuwe Reporter - Dutch

Publications
Why Europe should build its own social platform for news (2019). The Guardian.
If news is dying, who will safeguard democracy? (2019). The Guardian.
Television's Reinvention and the Era of Post-Enlightenment (2019). Medium.
Iran Lives on This App (2018). The New York Times.
Information Disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policymaking (2017). With Claire Wardle. Council of Europe
The Web We Have to Save (2015). Matter.
 Democracy's Double Standard (January 2006). The New York Times
 Democracy's Double Standard n Iran (January 2006). International Herald Tribune
 Wiki-ocracy from openDemocracy
 Iran Needs Nuclear Weapons, Washington Post.
 Beware the bomber, not the bomb (February 2006) The Guardian
 Linking Tehran and Tel Aviv (May 2006). BBC News
 Why Iran loves Zidane (July 2006). The Guardian
 No Iranian che (August 2005). The Guardian
 Iran's young reformers. (July 2005). openDemocracy
 Ein TV-Sieg. (June 2005). Die Zeit

1975 births
Free speech activists
Iranian bloggers
Iranian democracy activists
Iranian dissidents
Living people
Iranian prisoners and detainees
Canadian people imprisoned abroad
People convicted of spreading propaganda against the system by the Islamic Republic of Iran
Recipients of Iranian pardons
Inmates of Evin Prison

Hossein Derakhshan