Lynne Choona Featherstone, Baroness Featherstone,  (née Ryness; born 20 December 1951) is a British politician, businesswoman and Liberal Democrat member of the House of Lords.

Prior to entering politics, Featherstone was a successful businesswoman owning and running a London design company. She was also a director of the Ryness chain of lighting and electrical shops.

A Member of the London Assembly (MLA) from 2000 to 2005, she was Member of Parliament (MP) for Hornsey and Wood Green between 2005 and 2015, before being nominated for a peerage in the Dissolution Peerages List 2015. She was created Baroness Featherstone, of Highgate in the London Borough of Haringey on 20 October.

Under the Conservative – Liberal Democrat coalition in 2010 she was appointed as a Home Office Minister with responsibility for criminal information and equalities, before being promoted, in 2012, Minister with responsibility for International Development. Previously she was Liberal Democrat spokesman for Youth and Equality issues, and chair of the Liberal Democrats technology board. As originator and architect of the same sex marriage law during the coalition, Featherstone launched the consultation by the UK Government on introducing same-sex marriage and was the first politician to take part in the Out4Marriage campaign, gaining a special Ben and Jerry's ice cream tub and flavour Lynne Honeycomb and returned to the Home Office as Minister of State in November 2014. Featherstone is a patron of Humanists UK.

Early life
Featherstone was born and brought up in North London, and educated at Highgate Primary School, the independent South Hampstead High School (then a direct grant grammar school) and gained a Diploma in Communication and Design at Oxford Polytechnic. Her family business started by her parents was the Ryness chain of lighting and electrical shops in London. The business was sold over a decade ago.

Business career
Prior to entering politics, Featherstone was a successful businesswoman running the Ryness chain of lighting and electrical shops in London and owning and running a London design company.

Councillor for London Borough of Haringey 1998–2006
In 1998, Featherstone was elected a Councillor for the London Borough of Haringey representing Muswell Hill Ward. She and her two colleagues (June Andersen and Julia Glenn) were the first three Liberal Democrats to be elected borough councillors. She became Leader of the Liberal Democrat Group (and thereby Opposition Leader) on the Council 1998–2003.

Although she stood down from Haringey Council before the May 2006 elections, Featherstone influenced the 2006 local elections in Haringey where Labour's majority was cut from 25 to 3, with 30 Labour Councillors elected to 27 Liberal Democrats.

Member of the London Assembly 2000–2005
From 2000 until 2005, Featherstone was a Member of the London Assembly; during this time, she was Chair of the London Assembly Transport Committee. She was also a member of the Metropolitan Police Authority for all five years she was on the London Assembly. She was replaced as MLA by Geoff Pope.

Featherstone was promoted by some as a potential Liberal Democrat candidate for Mayor of London in the 2008 election. In response to a poll on the Liberal Democrat Voice website, she ruled herself out, stating that, of the other people in the poll, she would back Brian Paddick.

Member of Parliament

Featherstone first contested the Hornsey and Wood Green seat at the 1997 general election where she finished in third place some 25,998 votes behind the winner Barbara Roche. She again fought Hornsey and Wood Green at the 2001 general election, moving into second place and reducing Roche's majority to 10,614. In one of the largest swings at the 2005 general election, Featherstone defeated Roche with a majority of 2,395 votes.

She made her maiden speech in Parliament on 24 May 2005. She was appointed as a LibDem junior Home Affairs spokesperson by Charles Kennedy in 2005, and to the environment audit select committee.

She was co-chair of Chris Huhne's unsuccessful campaign to be leader of the Liberal Democrats following the resignation of Kennedy in January 2006. In March, following the election of Menzies Campbell as party leader, she was promoted to number two in the Liberal Democrat home affairs team and made London spokesperson. In December 2006, she succeeded Susan Kramer as the Liberal Democrat Shadow International Development Secretary, and two months later was succeeded by Tom Brake as London spokesperson.

In 2007, following the resignation of Sir Menzies Campbell, she again chaired Chris Huhne's leadership election campaign. On 20 December 2007 the new Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg, who defeated Chris Huhne, made her Youth and Equalities spokesperson.

On 5 February 2013, Featherstone voted in favour in the House of Commons Second Reading vote on same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom, the bill which she spearheaded  as Minister of State at the Home Office and was passed through the Commons despite Conservative backbench MP resistance. She was given a score of 93% in favour of lesbian, gay and bisexual equality by Stonewall.

In the 2015 general election, she lost her seat to Labour's Catherine West.

Aftermath of death of Peter Connelly
Following the death of her constituent, 17-month-old Peter Connelly, Haringey Council initiated an internal audit Serious case review (SCR). Although the actual report was completed months earlier, the Executive Summary of the report was released immediately after the resulting court case had completed. The full details of the report have been kept confidential.
Featherstone had been particularly critical of Haringey Council, writing "I personally met with George Meehan and Ita O'Donovan – Haringey Council's Leader and Chief Executive – to raise with them three different cases, where the pattern was in each case Haringey seeming to want to blame anyone who complained rather than to look at the complaint seriously. I was promised action – but despite repeated subsequent requests for news on progress – I was just stonewalled."

In November 2008, at Prime Minister's Questions, Featherstone asked the  Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, to order an enquiry into the Connelly case.

Media attention
In April 2006, one of Featherstone's researchers received a hoax email warning about an apparent date rape drug called Progesterex. Featherstone submitted a written question to the Labour Government Minister enquiring as to "what assessment he has made of the use of Progesterex in cases of date rape". Paul Goggins's reply to the House of Commons was that Progesterex did not exist: "It has been the subject of a hoax e-mail", he answered. The hoax first originated in 1999. Featherstone criticised the Minister's response, stating "they need to do more to discover the unearthly monster who sends them out" and that "their cavalier attitude will not do". However, critics such as fellow Liberal Democrat James Graham castigated Featherstone's conduct in "criticising the Home Office for not having a response to made up drugs and made up crimes", stating "trivialising rape in this way without bothering to do basic research first doesn't help anybody".

She came to the attention of the national media in 2008 when she was criticised by Conservative Member of the London Assembly Brian Coleman for calling 999 (the UK's emergency number) when her boiler began making noises and sparking. Coleman referred to her as a "dizzy airhead", Featherstone responded by calling his comments "sexist" and "political" in nature. A London Fire Brigade spokeswoman told BBC News: "If it's obvious that there has been an ongoing problem with the boiler, then you can call a plumber. But if your boiler suddenly starts making strange noises in the middle of the night, call the fire brigade."

In January 2013, she tweeted that John Mulholland, editor of The Observer, should have been sacked for publishing a "rant against the transgender community" in Julie Burchill's column which she described as "bigoted vomit", receiving a backlash as a result.

Featherstone has expressed intentions to ban topless models from appearing on The Sun newspaper's Page 3, stating "I would love to take on Page 3".

Expenses
In April 2007, an employee in Featherstone's office over-ordered stationery reportedly worth over £22,000 in one month.  On being alerted to the over-ordering, Featherstone returned all of the items involved. In a subsequent interview when challenged on the matter Featherstone responded "If I wasn't replying to people and telling them what's happened about the casework they have brought to me, there would soon be howls of protest. You can judge my overall use of expenses by the Telegraph. They called me one of their "saints"."

In May 2009, Featherstone was listed among the "saints" by The Daily Telegraph in the expenses scandal.

In Government

Under the Conservative – Liberal Democrat coalition in 2010 she was appointed as a Minister in the Home Office as Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Criminal Information and Equalities. Featherstone caused waves by pre-announcing her appointment prior to the official announcement in the expectation of forcing compromises from the Tories regarding her policy "aims", despite Home Secretary Theresa May being noted for not favouring homosexual equality.

In December 2010, Featherstone introduced a move that would allow positive discrimination which is primarily aimed at addressing female under-representation in the workforce. It will also mean that a manager will be able lawfully to hire a black man over a white man, a homosexual man over a heterosexual man, if they have the same skill set. Featherstone, denied the plans were about "political correctness, or red tape, or quotas" and would "help make the workplace fairer".

In September 2011, Featherstone caused controversy by claiming men make "terrible decisions" when they are in charge. Speaking at the Liberal Democrat Party Conference Featherstone blamed men for the mess the world was in, and commentators drew parallels with similar comments by one of Featherstone's predecessors, Harriet Harman. Her comments attracted criticism from across the political spectrum and were considered particularly inappropriate given her role as a minister in charge of ending sexism. Conservative MP Priti Patel said: "these comments are really ill-thought out. As Equalities Minister she has got to be unbiased about the value that both men and women bring to decision-making." Elizabeth Day of The Observer newspaper was equally troubled by the remarks, writing "the notion that women are not as aggressive as men, that we would all just sit around a table eating red velvet cupcakes and talking out the world's problems rather than firing off phallic-shaped nuclear weapons is a complete fallacy".

On 5 September 2012 she was confirmed as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for International Development. Speaking at the Liberal Democrat conference in Glasgow in September 2013, she supported Liberal Democrat policy to prosecute those responsible for cases where girls are sent abroad to have female genital mutilation carried out, or where it is carried out in the UK. In November 2014, she was promoted to Minister of State for Crime Prevention going back to the Home office.

After Government
Featherstone wrote a book, Equal Ever After, describing the details of work to establish legal same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom and her role in the process.

Awards
In 2006, Featherstone was shortlisted in the "Rising Stars" category of the Channel 4 political awards, but did not win.

Featherstone was nominated for the Stonewall Politician of the Year Award in both 2009 and 2012 for her work to support equality for lesbian, gay and bisexual people. She was awarded Stonewall Politician of the Year (jointly), Attitude Magazine Politician of the Year and PinkNews Ally of the Year for her initiative on same-sex marriage and work on LGBT rights.

She ranked 26 out of 50 on the Top 50 Lib Dems of 2020 list.

Personal life
In 1982, she married Stephen Featherstone in Haringey. Together they have two children. The couple divorced in 1996.

Featherstone lives in Highgate, London. She is Jewish. She is an honorary associate of the National Secular Society.

Her nephew had haemophilia and was victim of the Tainted blood scandal.

References

External links

 Lynne Featherstone MP official constituency website
 Profile at the Liberal Democrats

1951 births
Living people
People from Highgate
People educated at South Hampstead High School
Alumni of Oxford Brookes University
British bloggers
British women bloggers
English Jews
Councillors in the London Borough of Haringey
Jewish British politicians
Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Jewish women politicians
Liberal Democrats (UK) councillors
Liberal Democrats (UK) life peers
Liberal Democrat Members of the London Assembly
Liberal Democrats (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Life peeresses created by Elizabeth II
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
21st-century British women politicians
Women councillors in England

Lynne Featherstone


100. Yıl Albümü, Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü'nün 2002-03 sezonundaki 100. Yıl kutlamaları için Mustafa Sandal ve Ufuk Yıldırım tarafından hazırlanmış bir taraftar albümüdür.

Şarkı listesi

Kaynakça

2003 albümleri
Beşiktaş JK

100. Yıl Albümü


Chibiabos (Chipiapoos, Jiibayaabooz, Chibia'bos, Chipiapoo, Jibiaboz, Cipyapos, Cipyapus, Chipiyabos, Tcibia'bos. Cheeby-aub-oozoo), Chibiabos je voljeni brat kulturnog heroja Nanabozhoa u tradicionalnim pričama mnogih Chippewa (Anishinabe) zajednica, kao i kod plemena Potawatomi, Algonquin, Meskwaki. Prema nekim verzijama, Chibiabos i Nanabozho su blizanci; prema drugima, Chibiabos je Nanabozhov mlađi brat; a u još nekim pričama, Chibiabosa je usvojio Nanabozho kao svog brata. U nekim zajednicama Chibiabos, kao i njegov brat, povezivan je sa zečevima (njegovo ime doslovno znači "zec duh"), ali u drugim je bio duh vuka koji se često predstavljao u fizičkom obliku vuka. Chibiabosa su ubili vodeni duhovi (obično identificirani kao vodene pantere ili rogate zmije), čime je pokrenut nasilan lanac događaja koji je uključivao uništenje zemlje potopom. Nakon toga, Nanabozho je prihvatio da ne može vratiti svog brata u život, pa je Chibiabos postao vladar podzemlja. Prikazan je kao dobro i ljubazno biće koje se dobro brine o zemlji mrtvih.

Izvori

Chippewa mitologija
Algonquin mitologija
Potawatomi mitologija
Fox mitologija
Indijanska mitologija (bogovi mrtvih)

Chibiabos


Det levende Hittegods er en dansk stumfilm fra 1920 med instruktion og manuskript af Lau Lauritzen Sr..

Handling

Eksterne henvisninger

Film instrueret af Lau Lauritzen Sr.
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1920

Det levende Hittegods


Die Saison 1913/14 war die fünfte reguläre Saison der National Hockey Association (NHA). Meister wurden die Quebec Bulldogs.

Teamänderungen
Folgende Änderungen wurden vor Beginn der Saison vorgenommen:
 Die Toronto Tecumsehs änderten ihren Namen in Toronto Ontarios.

Modus
In der Regulären Saison absolvierten die sechs Mannschaften jeweils 20 Spiele. Die beiden Erstplatzierten bestritten zwei Playoffspiele gegeneinander, wobei die Mannschaft mit dem besseren Torverhältnis aus beiden Spielen Meister wurde. Für einen Sieg erhielt jede Mannschaft zwei Punkte, bei einem Unentschieden einen Punkt und bei einer Niederlage null Punkte.

Saisonverlauf
Die Canadiens de Montréal und die Toronto Blueshirts lierferten sich von Anfang an ein Kopf-an-Kopf-Rennen um den ersten Platz der regulären Saison, wobei beide Mannschaften schließlich 26 Punkte erreichten. Anschließend führte man erstmals eine Playoff-Entscheidung zwischen den beiden Erstplatzierten durch. Zwar konnten die Canadiens mit einem 2:0-Heimsieg vorlegen, jedoch unterlagen sie in Toronto im Rückspiel deutlich mit 0:6, woraufhin die Blueshirts erstmals den NHA-Meistertitel erreichten.

Reguläre Saison

Tabelle
Abkürzungen: GP = Spiele, W = Siege, L = Niederlagen, T = Unentschieden, GF = Erzielte Tore, GA = Gegentore, Pts = Punkte

Playoffs
 Canadiens de Montréal – Toronto Blueshirts 2:6 (2:0, 0:6)

Stanley Cup Challenge

In den Entscheidungsspielen um den Stanley Cup konnten sich die Toronto Blueshirts mit 3:0 Siegen gegen die Victoria Aristocrats aus der Pacific Coast Hockey Association durchsetzen und ihren Titel verteidigen.

Literatur

Weblinks
 Die NHA-Saison 1913/14 auf hockeydb.com (englisch)

NHA-Saison
Eishockeysaison 1913/14

NHA 1913/14


AutoLatina était une coentreprise formée entre les filiales Volkswagen Argentina & Brasil et Ford Argentina & Brasil sur les marchés brésilien et argentin entre 1987 et 1996.

Histoire
En 1987, Volkswagen et Ford ont annoncé un accord pour créer un géant théoriquement imbattable sur les marchés du Mercosur, AutoLatina, qui devait fusionner en une seule entité les usines et services des deux sociétés. Le but final était de partager les coûts de fabrication en créant des modèles avec des bases communes afin de tirer parti des atouts de chacun. Une seconde expérience entre ces deux groupes a été tentée au Portugal en juillet 1991 avec AutoEuropa, société qui ne sera opérationnelle qu'en 1995 et reprise entièrement par Volkswagen en 1999. AutoLatina a été créée sur l'exemple de SEVEL Argentina qui, en 1980, avait vu la fusion de  S.A.FR.AR - Sociedad de Automoviles Franco ARgentinos, (représentant officiel de Peugeot) dans Fiat Concord, la filiale argentine du géant italien, pour former SEVEL Argentina qui agissait en holding financière, chaque constructeur assurant la commercialisation de ses modèles dans son propre réseau, seul l'outil de production était commun.

À l'origine, les processus juridiques et économiques de création d'AutoLatina devaient être achevés en 1987, mais le projet a été retardé jusqu'en 1990. Volkswagen détenait 51 % des actions et Ford 49 %.

L'entreprise reposait sur les points suivants :
 AutoLatina était une société holding dans laquelle chacun conserverait son identité de marque,
 Les concessionnaires de chaque marque continueraient à vendre et à entretenir leurs propres produits,
 Il ne s'agissait pas d'une fusion des filiales argentines et brésiliennes des deux constructeurs, mais d'un accord opérationnel destiné à apporter des avantages aux deux parties et à leurs clients.

Le marché automobile argentin et brésilien dans les années 1980
La stratégie de coopération entre les deux constructeurs était liée aux moments difficiles que traversait l'industrie automobile en Argentine et au Brésil dans la seconde moitié des années 80, avec la contraction des marchés intérieurs et la faible part d'exportation des constructeurs dans le Mercosur. La stratégie visait également à garantir la permanence des deux constructeurs sur le marché intérieur, en augmentant leurs marges. Ford et Volkswagen subissaient tous deux une forte baisse des ventes depuis le début des années 1980. Avant la création d'AutoLatina, Volkswagen contrôlait 41,25 % du marché automobile brésilien et Ford 19,52 %. En 1994, Volkswagen était tombé à 30,70 % et Ford à 10,40 %.

En théorie, la fusion apparaissait comme la porte de sortie idéale pour les deux constructeurs dans un monde de plus en plus globalisé. Cependant, la mise en place concrète d'AutoLatina a rencontré de sérieuses difficultés au cours de ses sept années d'existence. Le premier et principal problème à affronter était le manque d'investissements. Compte tenu de la concurrence entre Ford et Volkswagen, au niveau mondial, il y avait une forte réticence à échanger sur les sujets techniques et encore plus sur les nouveaux projets. Il y eut très vite des tensions entre AutoLatina et les gouvernements brésiliens successifs qui ont, à plusieurs reprises, gelé les prix et n'ont pas lutté contre la forte inflation qui a dévasté le pays. De plus, la planification des nouveaux modèles, dans les deux entreprises, s'est déroulée comme si AutoLatina n'existait pas.

Un autre problème est survenu avec les concessionnaires, car il n'y avait pas d'interrelation processus/produit/marché. Les ventes étaient faites séparément par les constructeurs qui, malgré la fusion, continuaient à se disputer le lancement de nouvelles voitures sur le marché, chacun sous sa propre marque.

Modèles AutoLatina
Dans le cadre d'AutoLatina, peu de modèles ont été créés sous les deux marques (badge engineering) : Volkswagen a produit la Santana sous le nom de Ford Versailles et Ford Galaxy (en Argentine), la variante break Quantum sous le nom de Ford Royale. Ford a construit les Volkswagen Logus et Pointer basées sur la Ford Escort.

Volkswagen do Brasil, qui avait racheté la filiale brésilienne du groupe américain en 1980, Chrysler do Brasil, continuait à produire l'antique Dodge 1500, dérivée de l'Hillman Avenger, sous le nom de Volkswagen 1500 ; les autres modèles étaient la Volkswagen Gol, la Ford Verona et la Volkswagen Apollo.

Dès le début des années 1990, les deux parties s'interrogeaient sur les avantages qu'ils retiraient de leur coentreprise. Volkswagen était très préoccupé par l'énorme succès de la Fiat Uno Mille et voulait proposer rapidement un modèle concurrent dans ce segment des sous-compactes alors que Ford préférait poursuivre ses propres plans, comme l'a montré le lancement très tardif de la Ka en 1996.

Les ingénieurs de Volkswagen voulaient renouveler la Gol, mais Ford n'a pas voulu engager les investissements nécessaires car il avait ses propres contraintes avec la gamme Escort. De plus, Volkswagen était conscient que s'il arrivait à gagner des parts de marché ce serait au détriment de Ford et inversement. Mais globalement, les deux marques perdaient toujours plus face à la concurrence de Fiat notamment, et allaient perdre encore plus avec l'ouverture annoncée du marché brésilien et l'arrivée d'autres concurrents étrangers.

Modèles produits par AutoLatina

Automobiles

Avec Autolatina, les deux sociétés ont commencé à créer des opérations communes à différents niveaux, y compris des produits partagés : Volkswagen a produit la Ford Versailles et la Ford Versailles Royale, dérivés des Volkswagen Santana et Santana Quantum et Ford a produit les Volkswagen Logus et Pointer, dérivés de la Ford Escort. D'autres voitures ont également marqué l'époque comme la Ford Verona et la Volkswagen Apollo. L'Apollo a été le plus gros échec du partenariat, la voiture que Volkswagen a produit pendant la période la plus courte de toute l'histoire de la marque, moins de 20 mois !

Liste des modèles AutoLatina fabriqués selon le pays d'origine :
 : modèle produit et vendu en Argentine,
 : modèle produit et vendu au Brésil,
 : modèle produit en Argentine et au Brésil.

Ford
 Ford Escort  (1987-1994)
 Ford Falcon  (1987-1991)
 Ford Pampa  (1987-1994)
 Ford Ranchero  (1987-1991)
 Ford Del Rey  (1987-1991)
 Ford Sierra  (1987-1993)
 Ford Verona  (1989-1994)
 Ford Orion  (1994-1995)
 Ford Galaxy/Royale/Versailles  (1992-1994)
 Ford Belina  (1987-1991)

Volkswagen
 Volkswagen 1500 (ex Dodge 1500)  (1987-1990)
 Volkswagen Gacel/Senda/Voyage  (1987-1994)
 Volkswagen Gol  (1987-1994)
 Volkswagen Parati  (1987-1994)
 Volkswagen Saveiro  (1987-1994)
 Volkswagen Apollo  (1990-1992)
 Volkswagen Santana  (1987-1995)
 Volkswagen Carat  (1987-1991)
 Volkswagen Quantum  (1987-1994)
 Volkswagen Logus  (1993-1994)
 Volkswagen Pointer  (1994-1995)
 Volkswagen Kombi  (1987-1994)

Division poids lourds
Les véhicules utilitaires Volkswagen Caminhões et Ônibus et les camions Ford ont été construits côte à côte dans l'usine d'Ipiranga, à la fois des pièces et des plates-formes partagées. Ford a continué à fabriquer des camions pour Volkswagen pendant un certain temps après la rupture, bien qu'ils aient continué à développer leur propre capacité de fabrication de camions

La division camions a également commercialisé ses modèles de camions à travers le groupe Paccar aux États-Unis, où ils ont été vendus sous les marques Kenworth et Peterbilt.

Châssis pour Autobus
La division autobus a continué la fabrication de châssis avec moteur à l'avant :
 Ford B1618 (1993-97)
 Ford B1621 (1997-98)
 Volkswagen 16-180 CO (1993-98)
 Volkswagen 16-210 CO (1998-2001)

La fin d'AutoLatina
La décision de dissoudre AutoLatina pour que chaque société reprenne son indépendance, a été prise en fin d'année 1994, lorsque la situation économique des pays d'Amérique du Sud s'est lentement améliorée. Cette décision a pris effet le 1er janvier 1996. La séparation a été plus amicale qu'il n'y paraît au premier abord : c'était une question de philosophie et de stratégie d'entreprise, avec peu de traces de ressentiments et de rancœurs après huit années de coopération. Les salariés ont même pu choisir l'entreprise pour laquelle ils voulaient poursuivre leur carrière, chez Ford ou Volkswagen, quelle que soit leur entreprise d'origine. Plusieurs anciens salariés de Ford sont restés chez Volkswagen et inversement.

Parmi les problèmes à résoudre figuraient le devenir des modèles qui utilisaient des composants des deux sociétés, comme des versions de la Ford Escort équipées d'un moteur Volkswagen, et ceux pour lesquels une seule usine produisait pour l'autre comme la Volkswagen Logus produite par Ford avec un moteur Volkswagen. Pour résoudre ce dilemme, l'accord a prévu le statu quo pendant un an. Après cette période, chaque entreprise pourrait utiliser ses usines pour ses seuls modèles tout en assurant la fourniture des pièces de rechange pendant la durée légale.

Chaque entreprise a repris possession des usines et biens immobiliers qu'elle possédait avant la fusion. Ford conserve l'usine de camions d'Ipiranga et l'usine de Taboão, à São Bernardo do Campo, où sont produits les modèles Escort, Logus et Pointer. Volkswagen conserve les usines d'Anchieta et de Taubaté. Ford continuera à fabriquer des camions Volkswagen à Ipiranga et à vendre ces véhicules à son concurrent, il en est de même pour les Logus et Pointer, assemblés dans l'usine Ford.

Notes et références

Sources
 Leïla BLASS - Retour vers le futur : le discours patronal et syndical à la fin d'Autolatina - São Paulo, Éduc/Cortez/Fapesp (2001).
 Luiz Carlos DI SERIO - Technologie, innovation et compétitivité : le cas de Volkswagen do Brasil - São Paulo, FGV (2000).

Annexes

Entreprises similaires
 AutoEuropa
 Sevel Argentina
 SEVEL Sud
 SEVEL Nord

Articles connexes
 Chrysler do Brasil
 Ford Motor Argentina
 Ford do Brasil
 Volkswagen Argentina SA
 Volkswagen do Brasil
 Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus
 Affaire Volkswagen

Bibliographie

  Comparaisons : Ford x Volkswagen à l'époque d'AutoLatina - Un test a réuni 14 voitures Ford et Volkswagen à l'époque d'AutoLatina - 19 décembre 2017

Constructeur automobile ayant son siège en Argentine
Constructeur automobile ayant son siège au Brésil
Constructeur automobile disparu

Entreprise fondée en 1987
Entreprise disparue en 1996

AutoLatina


Electro (or electro-funk) is a genre of electronic music and early hip hop directly influenced by the use of the Roland TR-808 drum machines and funk. Records in the genre typically feature heavy electronic sounds, usually without vocals, although if vocals are present they are delivered in a deadpan manner, often through electronic distortion such as vocoding and talkboxing. It palpably deviates from its predecessor boogie by being less vocal-oriented and more focused on electronic beats produced by drum machines.

Following the decline of disco music in the United States, electro emerged as a fusion of funk and early hip-hop with principal influences from New York boogie, German and Japanese electronic pop music. The genre emerged with musicians Arthur Baker, Afrika Bambaataa, Warp 9, and Hashim. Seminal electro tracks included "Planet Rock" (1982) and "Nunk" (1982), both featuring its characteristic TR-808 drum beats.

The early 1980s were electro's mainstream peak. By the mid 1980s, the genre moved away from its electronic and funk influences, using harder edged beats and rock samples, exemplified by Run DMC. Electro became popular again in the late 1990s with artists such as Anthony Rother and DJs such as Dave Clarke. A third wave of popularity occurred in 2007. Electro has branched out into subgenres, including electrocore and skweee.

Definition and characteristics

From its inception, one of the defining characteristics of the electro sound was the use of drum machines, particularly the Roland TR-808, as the rhythmic basis of the track. As the genre evolved,  computers and sampling replaced drum machines in electronic music, and are now used by the majority of electro producers. It is important to note, that although the electro of the 1980s and contemporary electro (electronic dance music) both grew out of the dissolution of disco, they are now different genres.

Classic (1980s) electro drum patterns tend to be electronic emulations of breakbeats with a syncopated kick drum, and usually a snare or clap accenting the backbeat. The difference between electro drumbeats and breakbeats (or breaks) is that electro tends to be more mechanical, while breakbeats tend to have more of a human-like feel, like that of a live drummer.  The definition however is somewhat ambiguous in nature due to the various uses of the term.

The Roland TR-808 drum machine was released in 1980, defining early electro with its immediately recognizable sound. Staccato, percussive drumbeats tended to dominate electro, almost exclusively provided by the TR-808. As an inexpensive way of producing a drum sound, the TR-808 caught on quickly with the producers of early electro because of the ability of its bass drum to generate extreme low-frequencies. This aspect of the Roland TR-808 was especially appealing to producers who would test drive their tracks in nightclubs (like NYC's Funhouse), where the bass drum sound was essential for a record's success. Its unique percussion sounds like handclaps, open and closed high-hat, clave and cowbell became integral to the electro sound.  A number of popular songs in the early 1980s employed the TR-808, including Marvin Gaye's "Sexual Healing," Cybotron's "Clear," and Afrika Bambaataa's "Planet Rock." The Roland TR-808 has attained iconic status, eventually being used on more hits than any other drum machine. Through the use of samples, the Roland TR-808 remains popular in electro and other genres to the present day.

Other electro instrumentation was generally electronic, favoring analog synthesis, programmed bass lines, sequenced or arpeggiated synthetic riffs, and atonal sound effects all created with synthesizers. Heavy use of effects such as reverbs, delays, chorus or phasers along with eerie synthetic ensemble strings or pad sounds emphasized the science fiction or futuristic themes of classic (1980s) electro, represented in the lyrics and/or music. Electro hip hop group Warp 9's 1983 single, Light Years Away, produced and written by Lotti Golden and Richard Scher, exemplifies the Sci-Fi, afrofuturist aspect of electro, reflected in both the lyrics and instrumentation. The imagery of its lyrical refrain space is the place for the human race pays homage to Sun Ra's 1974 film of the same name, while its synth lines and sound effects are informed by sci-fi, computer games, and cartoons,"born of a science-fiction revival.".

Most electro is instrumental, but a common element is vocals processed through a vocoder. Additionally, speech synthesis may be used to create robotic or mechanical lyrical content, as in the iconic Planet Rock and the automatous chant in the chorus of Nunk by Warp 9. Although primarily instrumental, early electro utilized rap. Male rap dominated the genre, however female rappers are an integral part of the electro tradition, whether featured in a group as in Warp 9 or as solo performers like Roxanne Shante. The lyrical style that emerged along with electro became less popular by the 1990s, as rapping continued to evolve, becoming the domain of hip hop music.

About electro origins:

History

Following the decline of disco music in the late 1970s, various funk artists such as Zapp & Roger began experimenting with talk boxes and the use of heavier, more distinctive beats. Boogie played a role during the formative years of electro, notably "Feels Good" by Electra (Emergency – EMDS-6527), the post-disco production "You're the One for Me" by D. Train (Prelude – PRL D 621),  and the Eric Matthew/Darryl Payne productions "Thanks to You" by Sinnamon (Becket – BKD 508), and "On A Journey (I Sing The Funk Electric)"  by Electrik Funk (Prelude – PRL D 541). Electro eventually emerged as a fusion of different styles, including funk, boogie combined with German and Japanese technopop, in addition to influences from the futurism of Alvin Toffler, martial arts films, and video game music. The genre's immediate forebears included Kraftwerk and Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO).

In 1980, YMO was the first band to utilize the TR-808 programmable drum machine. That same year, YMO member Ryuichi Sakamoto released "Riot in Lagos", which is regarded as an early example of electro music, and is credited for having anticipated the beats and sounds of electro. The song's influence can be seen in the work of later pioneering electro artists such as Afrika Bambaataa and Mantronix.

1982 was a watershed year for electro. Bronx based producer Afrika Bambaataa released the seminal track "Planet Rock", which contained elements of Kraftwerk's "Trans-Europe Express" (from the album of the same name) and "Numbers" (from Kraftwerk's 1981 Computer World album) combined with the use of distinctive TR-808 beats. "Planet Rock" is widely regarded as a turning point in the electro genre, "like a light being switched on." Another groundbreaking record released that year, Nunk by Warp 9 utilized "imagery drawn from computer games and hip hop slanguage." Although remaining unreleased, a pre-Def Jam Russell Simmons produced Bruce Haack's proto hip-hop single "Party Machine" at a studio in Philadelphia. Electro hip hop releases in 1982 include songs by: Planet Patrol, Warp 9, Man Parrish, George Clinton (Computer Games), Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, Tyrone Brunson, The Jonzun Crew and Whodini.

In 1983, Hashim created the influential electro funk tune "Al-Naafiysh (The Soul)" which became Cutting Record's first release in November 1983. At the time Hashim was influenced by Man Parrish's "Hip Hop, Be Bop", Thomas Dolby's "She Blinded Me With Science" and Afrika Bambaataa's "Planet Rock". "Al-Nafyish" was later included in Playgroup's compilation album Kings of Electro (2007), alongside other electro classics such as Sakamoto's "Riot in Lagos". Also in 1983, Herbie Hancock, in collaboration with Grand Mixer D.ST, released the hit single "Rockit".

Bambaataa and groups like Planet Patrol, Jonzun Crew, Mantronix, Newcleus, Warp 9 and Juan Atkins' Detroit-based group Cybotron went on to influence the genres of Detroit techno, ghettotech, breakbeat, drum and bass and electroclash. Early producers in the electro genre (notably Arthur Baker, John Robie and Shep Pettibone) later featured prominently in the Latin Freestyle (or simply "Freestyle") movement, along with Lotti Golden and Richard Scher (the producer/writers of Warp 9) fusing electro, funk, and hip hop with elements of Latin music.

By the late 1980s, the genre evolved into what is known today as new school hip hop. The release of Run DMC's It's Like That (1983) marked a stylistic shift, focusing down on the beats in a stark, metal minimalism. Rock samples replaced synthesizers that had figured so prominently in electro, and rap styles and techniques evolved in tandem, anchoring rap to the changing hip hop culture.
Baker, Pettibone, Golden and Scher enjoyed robust careers well into the house era, eluding the "genre trap" to successfully produce mainstream artists.

Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, Detroit Techno musicians James Stinson and Gerald Donald released numerous EPs, singles and albums of conceptual electro music under several different aliases. Their main project, Drexciya is known for exploration of science fiction and aquatic themes.

Electro-soul

In the early 1980s, Detroit techno DJ Eddie Fowlkes shaped a related style called electro-soul, which was characterized by a predominant bass line and a chopped up electro breakbeat contrasted with soulful male vocals. Kurtis Mantronik's electro-soul productions for Joyce Sims presaged new jack swing's combination of hip hop and soul elements. In a 2016 profile on the genre's rise in Denver's music scene, Dylan Owens of The Denver Post writes, "As with all fledgling genres, little about electro-soul is defined — even what to call it. (Of the eight artists interviewed for this article, none agreed on any one name.) But what does seem sure is its rise, especially locally. If Denver can be known as the musical torchbearer of any genre, it's electro-soul's half-live, half-produced swirl of hip-hop, soul, funk and jazz."

No Self Control by Peter Gabriel, taken from his 1980 album Peter Gabriel, has been described as electro-soul, fused with art rock.

Contemporary electro

Although the early 1980s were electro's heyday in the mainstream, it enjoyed renewed popularity in the late 1990s with artists such as Anthony Rother and DJs such as Dave Clarke, and has made yet another comeback for a third wave of popularity in 2007. The continued interest in electro, though influenced to a great degree by Florida, Detroit, Miami, Los Angeles and New York styles, has primarily taken hold in Florida and Europe with electro club nights becoming commonplace again. The scene still manages to support hundreds of electro labels, from the disco electro of Clone Records, to the old school b-boy styles of Breakin' Records and Dominance Electricity, to the electrofunk of Citinite, and to harder more modern styles of electro of labels like Bass Frequency Productions and Nu Illusion Music.

New branches of electro have risen over the last couple of years.  Florida has pioneered the "Electrocore" sound, started in the late 1990s by artists like Jackal and Hyde and Dynamix II and carried on to this day. Skweee is a genre which developed in Nordic countries such as Sweden and Finland, hence its first name "Scandinavian Funk". The outlets and artists of Skweee are still mostly limited to the Nordic countries.

From the late 1990s onward, the term "electro" is also used to refer two other fusion genres of electro, either blended with techno and new wave in electroclash, In 2006, Direct Influence, a 6-piece Melbourne based electro/rock/reggae group was formed.

The genre enjoyed a resurgence from 2016 onwards, with DJs like Helena Hauff and DJ Stingray gaining more popularity and festivals like Dekmantel featuring it prominently on their lineups. Labels like Cultivated Electronics, CPU, Mars Frequency Records, Furatena, brokntoys and Mechatronica are currently pushing a new trove of artists  which has introduced the genre to a new generation.

See also
 Glitch (music)

References

External links

 Electro Funk: What Did It All Mean?

African-American music
Hip hop genres
Electronic dance music genres

Electro (music)


Hong Kong Tennis Open 2014 var en tennisturnering, der blev spillet udendørs på hardcourt-baner af typen Plexipave i Victoria Park Tennis Stadium i Hongkong i perioden 6. - 14. september 2014. Det var den første udgave af Hong Kong Tennis Open, og turneringen var en del af WTA Tour 2014, hvor den tilhørte kategorien WTA International.

Præmier

Den samlede præmiesum for turneringen androg $ 226.750 og fordelte sig som følger.

Resultater

Damesingle

Hovedturnering

Hovedturneringen havde deltagelse af 32 spillere, der fordelte sig på:
 24 direkte kvalificerede spillere i form af deres placering på WTA's verdensrangliste pr. 28. juli 2014 (seks uger før turneringens start).
 3 spillere, der havde modtaget et wildcard.
 5 spillere fra kvalifikationsturneringen, heraf 1 lucky loser.

Kvalifikation

Kvalifikationen havde deltagelse af 32 spillere, der spillede om de sidste fire ledige pladser i hovedturneringen.

Damedouble

Damedoubleturneringen havde deltagelse af 16 par, der fordelte sig på:
 14 direkte kvalificerede par i form af deres placering på WTA's verdensrangliste.
 2 par, der havde modtaget et wildcard.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Hong Kong Tennis Open
 WTA - Hong Kong Tennis Open 2014

Noter

2014
WTA Tour 2014

Hong Kong Tennis Open 2014


Ljubav je četvrti studijski album srpske rock grupe Ekatarina Velika. Ovo je također prvi album izdan za diskografsku kuću PGP RTB, i prvi na kojem bend surađuje s australijskim glazbenikom i producentom Theodorom Yannijem. Smatra se, po mišljenju kritike, jednim od najboljih izdanja jugoslovenske rock scene.

Pjesme
(Muzika i aranžman - Ekatarina Velika, tekstovi pjesama - Milan Mladenović, osim tamo gdje je drugačije naznačeno)

A strana

 "Zemlja" - 3:57 (tekst: M. Mladenović, M. Stefanović)
 "Pored mene" - 5:25
 "Ljubav" - 3:33
 "Sedam dana" - 6:28 (tekst: M. Stefanović)

B strana

 "Voda" - 4:40
 "Prvi i poslednji dan" - 3:37 (tekst: M. Mladenović, M. Stefanović)
 "Ljudi iz gradova" - 3:25
 "Zid" - 4:01
 "Tonemo" - 4:10

Glazbenici

 Milan Mladenović - gitara, vokal
 Margita Stefanović - klavir, klavijature
 Bojan Pečar - bas-gitara
 Srđan Todorović - bubnjevi, daire

Ostalo
Snimljeno u studiju 5 RTB, u kolovozu i rujnu 1987. Miksano u studiju SIM, u Zagrebu.

 Snimatelj i producent: Theodore Yanni i EKV
 Izvršni menadžer: Nebojša Grgić
 Dizajn: Vuk Veličković i Magi
 Fotografije i grafika: Vuk Veličković

Literatura
Janjatović, Petar (2003). Ex YU rock enciklopedija. Beograd: Čigoja štampa.

Albumi sastava Ekatarina Velika

Ljubav (album Ekatarine Velike)


Le Couvent des Augustins de Reims, transformé après la révolution en salle puis en fabrique puis en séminaire était située à Reims, en France. Il a été détruit pour laisser la place à la construction d'un collège.

Localisation
Le couvent des Augustins de Reims était située dans le département français de la Marne, sur la commune de Reims, sur le rectangle délimité par la rue des augustins, la rue du barbâtre, la rue Ponsadin (les remparts de Reims à l'époque) et l'actuelle rue Gerbert.

Description

Historique

Couvent des Capucins de Reims
En 1261, Thomas de Beaumetz installait une communauté religieuse au lieu-dit les Anches, ils étaient nommés les Sachet ou Saguet, porte sac frères du sac et vivaient très rigoureusement, ils étaient des frères Pénitenciers de Jésus-Christ. Le couvent était appelé  « Couvent des Frères Sachets ».
Vers 1320 ils furent remplacés par des ermites de Saint-Augustin car leurs mœurs furent jugés comme dissolus.

Période révolutionnaire
En 1788, leur maison accueillait une institution de prêt sur gage gratuit.
Un cours d'anatomie fut ouvert en 1789 par la société libre d'émulation.
Puis un collège Constitutionnel de1792 à 1793 qui s'arrêta faute d'élèves.
Mais avec la Révolution française, en 1793 la communauté fut dissoute.
L'église des Augustins, dédiée à l'origine à Sainte-Anne  a été démolie en 1793.
En 1794, l'école des Beaux Arts fut installée temporairement dans le couvent.

Fabrique
Ce fut un dépôt de salpêtre puis en manufacture d'étoffe en 1808 détenue par Mr Félix Boisseau.

Petit Séminaire
En 1820, le Petit Séminaire est rétabli dans l'ancien couvent des Augustins.
De nouvelles constructions sont élevées dont une petite chapelle.

Impact de la  Guerre Mondiale
Il abrita les services de la mairie  de 1917 à 1927 car la mairie avait été  incendiée pendant la  guerre mondiale.

Période contemporaine
En 1963, l'Internat ouvre ses portes, rue des Augustins.
Le couvent des augustins est détruit, en 1963, pour la construction de l'internat du lycée Hugues Libergier qui sera compléter par le GRETA de la Marne.

Galerie

Bibliographie
 Prosper Tarbé, Reims, essais historiques sur ses rues et ses monuments, Paris, Res Comédit, rééd.1994 (P329 à 331)
 Panayota Volti , Les Couvents des ordres mendiants et leur environnement à la fin du Moyen Âge, 2016,CNRS Éditions,
 Lacatte-Joltrois, Essais historiques sur l'église et la paroisse de Saint-Maurice, 1882 (P82 à 83)

Articles connexes
Industrie textile Rémois

Références

Couvent détruit en France
Bâtiment détruit à Reims

Couvent des Augustins de Reims


Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranake (; ; 8 de janeiro de 1899 - 26 de setembro de 1959), muitas vezes referido por suas iniciais como S. W. R. D. ou S. W. R. D. Bandarana e conhecido pelo povo Sri Lanka "O Sino de Prata da Ásia" (ආසියාවේ රිදී සීනුව), foi o quarto primeiro-ministro do Domínio do Ceilão (atual Sri Lanka), servindo de 1956 até seu assassinato em 1959. O fundador do nacionalismo de esquerda e cingalês Partido da Liberdade do Sri Lanka, seu mandato viu as primeiras reformas de esquerda do país.

Vida
Nascido em uma família rica e política, ele estudou filosofia, política e economia na Christ Church, Oxford, e foi chamado para a barra do Inner Temple. Voltando ao Ceilão, ingressou na política local ao ingressar no Congresso Nacional do Ceilão. Tendo sido eleito para o Conselho Municipal de Colombo em 1926, foi eleito da sua sede familiar em Veyangoda para o Conselho de Estado do Ceilão por dois mandatos entre 1931 e 1947, enquanto exerceu no segundo mandato como Ministro da Administração Local no Conselho de Ministros. Tendo fundado o Sinhala Maha Sabhaem 1936 nas linhas nacionalistas cingalesas defendendo o autogoverno no Ceilão, juntou-se ao D. S. Senanayake dissolvendo o Sinhala Maha Sabha e fundindo-o com o Partido Nacional Unido em sua formação em 1947. Ele foi eleito para a Câmara dos Representantes em 1947 representando o Partido Nacional Unido de Attanagalla, que se tornaria a sede política de sua família pelos próximos cinquenta anos. Uma vez que o cingalês Maha Sabha formou o maior segmento do Partido Nacional Unido, D. S. Senanayake nomeou Bandaranaike como Ministro da Saúde e Governo Local e foi eleito líder da Câmara. Após vários desentendimentos, Bandaranaike renunciou ao governo e cruzou a palavra para a oposição, formando o Partido da Liberdade do Sri Lanka em 1951. Após a morte repentina de DS Senanayake e as eleições que se seguiram, Bandaranaike foi eleito líder da oposição. Reunindo uma poderosa coalizão chamada Mahajana Eksath Peramuna e contestando nas linhas do nacionalismo e do socialismo cingaleses, ele conseguiu uma vitória esmagadora sobre o Partido Nacional Unido nas eleições gerais de 1956, tornando-se o quarto primeiro-ministro do Ceilão. Seu mandato viu algumas das primeiras reformas de esquerda instituídas pelo Partido da Liberdade no Sri Lanka, como a nacionalização dos serviços de ônibus e introduzir legislação para proibir a discriminação baseada em castas. Bandaranaike removendo bases navais e aéreas britânicas no Ceilão e estabeleceu missões diplomáticas com vários estados comunistas. Ele implementou uma nova política linguística, o Sinhala Only Act, tornando o cingalês a única língua oficial do país criando muita controvérsia.

Em 25 de setembro de 1959, Bandaranaike foi baleado em sua casa em Colombo e morreu de seus ferimentos no dia seguinte. Um monge budista chamado Ven Talduwe Somarama foi preso, condenado e enforcado pelo assassinato de Bandaranaike. Ministro da Educação e líder interino da casa, Wijeyananda Dahanayake foi nomeado primeiro-ministro interino pelo Governador Geral e foi confirmado pelo Parlamento. A morte de Bandaranaike levou a turbulência política com o Mahajana Eksath Peramuna desmoronando sob Dahanayake, que acabou formando seu próprio partido para disputar as eleições gerais em março de 1960. Embora o Partido da Liberdade não tenha conseguido formar um governo sob a liderança de C. P. de Silva, novas eleições foram realizadas quatro meses depois, depois que o governo do Partido Nacional Unido perdeu o discurso do trono. A viúva de Bandaranaike, Sirima Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike, liderou o Partido da Liberdade para obter a maioria no parlamento e foi nomeada a primeira mulher primeira-ministra do mundo. Ela expandiu as reformas de esquerda de seu marido em seus dois mandatos como primeiro-ministro de 1960 a 1964 e de 1970 a 1977. Em 1994, a filha de Bandaranaike, Chandrika Kumaratunga, liderou uma coalizão liderada pelo Partido da Liberdade para ser eleita primeira-ministra e, posteriormente, presidente, servindo de 1994 a 2005, durante o qual a viúva de Bandaranaike serviu como primeiro-ministro de 1994 a 2000 e o filho de Bandaranaike, Anura Bandaranaike serviu como Presidente do Parlamento do Sri Lanka de 2000 a 2001.

Ligações externas

 The Bandaranaike Museum
 A ascendência Bandaranaike
 A ascendência Ratwatte
 Memórias de ouro de um prodígio político
 Comemorando os Bandaranaikes: o surgimento da classe média política
 The Pensive Premier
 S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike
 Trail-Blazing Leader
 O Grande Filho do Sri Lanka
 Site do Parlamento do Sri Lanka
 Site oficial do Partido da Liberdade do Sri Lanka

Primeiros-ministros do Sri Lanka
Ministros das Relações Exteriores do Sri Lanka
Ministros da Defesa do Sri Lanka
Ministros da Saúde do Sri Lanka
Líderes da Oposição (Sri Lanka)
Chefes de governo assassinados
Alunos da Christ Church (Oxford)
Budistas do Sri Lanka

S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike


John D'Arcy Anderson ( - ) est un officier de l'armée britannique qui a atteint de hautes fonctions dans les années 1960.

Jeunesse
John D'Arcy Anderson est né le 23 septembre 1908 à Downpatrick, en Irlande, fils unique de Reginald D'Arcy Anderson. Il fait ses études au Winchester College et au New College d'Oxford.

Carrière militaire
Anderson est Officier dans le  Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards en 1929. Il sert pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale en France, au Moyen-Orient et en Italie.

Après la guerre, Anderson est nommé officier général commandant la  division blindée en Allemagne en 1955, puis chef d'état-major au quartier général du groupe d'armées du Nord et de l'armée britannique du Rhin en 1956. Il devient directeur du Royal Armored Corps en 1958 et directeur général de la formation militaire au War Office en 1959.

Anderson est nommé sous-chef d'état-major impérial en 1961 et secrétaire militaire en 1963. Enfin, il devient commandant de l'Imperial Defence College en 1966 ; il prend sa retraite en 1968. Il est nommé Chevalier Commandeur de l'Ordre du Bain lors des honneurs du Nouvel An de 1961.

Anderson est également le premier colonel commandant du Régiment de Défense de l'Ulster de 1969 à 1979. À ce titre, il escorte la reine lors de sa visite du jubilé d'argent en Irlande du Nord en 1977. Un centre d'opérations spécialement conçu pour l'UDR est construit à la base militaire de Ballykinler et nommé en l'honneur du général qui est connu comme le père de l'UDR.

De 1962 à 1967, Anderson est colonel du 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards.

Anderson est nommé haut shérif du comté de Down en 1974.

Vie de famille
Anderson épouse Elizabeth Antoinette Merrifield Walker. Ils n'ont pas d'enfant.

Références

Liens externes

 Généraux de la Seconde Guerre mondiale

|-

|-

|-

High Sheriff de Down
Compagnon de l'ordre du Service distingué
Chevalier commandeur de l'ordre du Bain
Chevalier grand-croix de l'ordre de l'Empire britannique
Général de l'armée de terre britannique
Étudiant de New College (Oxford)
Élève de Winchester College
Naissance en septembre 1908
Décès en avril 1988
Décès à 79 ans

John Anderson (officier)


Peter Hla (Hwary, 15 de janeiro de 1952) é bispo de Pekhon.

Peter Hla foi ordenado sacerdote em 8 de março de 1981. João Paulo II o nomeou Bispo Auxiliar de Taunggyi e Bispo Titular de Castellum na Numídia em 13 de março de 2001.

A ordenação episcopal conferiu-lhe o Núncio Apostólico na Tailândia, Cingapura e Camboja e Delegado Apostólico em Mianmar, Laos, Brunei Darussalam e Malásia, Adriano Bernardini, em 15 de dezembro do mesmo ano; Os co-consagradores foram Matthias U Shwe, arcebispo de Taunggyi, e Abraham Than, bispo de Kengtung.

Papa Bento XVI nomeou-o Bispo de Pekhon em 15 de dezembro de 2005.

Ver também

Bispos católicos de Myanmar

Peter Hla


Nitzschka ist ein Ortsteil der Knopfstadt Schmölln im ostthüringischen Landkreis Altenburger Land.

Geografie
Nitzschka liegt im Altenburger-Zeitzer Lößhügelland südöstlich der Schmöllner Kernstadt zwischen den Ausläufern der Leipziger Tieflandsbucht und dem Erzgebirgsvorland. Die Landschaft wird durch begrünte Erosionsrinnen und den Köthelbach aufgelockert. Verkehrsmäßig ist der Ortsteil an die Landesstraßen 1358 und 1359 und die Kreisstraße 512 angeschlossen. Die Anschlussstelle Schmölln der Bundesautobahn 4 ist auf dem Verkehrsweg 6,5 km entfernt.

Angrenzende Orte sind im Uhrzeigersinn im Nordwesten beginnend Taupadel als Ortsteil von Nobitz, im Osten Nörditz als Ortsteil von Gößnitz, im Südosten der Ortsteil Zschöpel der Gemeinde Ponitz, im Südwesten Kummer als weiterer Schmöllner Ortsteil und westlich die Stadt Schmölln selbst.

Geschichte
Von 1181 bis 1214 werden urkundliche Ersterwähnungen nachgewiesen. Der Ort ist ein Rundling mit einem Teich im Dorfmittelpunkt. Rund herum sind große Altenburger Vierseithöfe angeordnet.

Seit der Leipziger Teilung 1485 gehörte der Ort zu den Ernestinern, bis 1547 zum Kurfürstentum Sachsen. Danach unterstand Nitzschka im wettinischen Amt Altenburg, bis 1554 dem nun albertinischen Kurfürstentum Sachsen, anschließend war Nitzschka unter der Hoheit folgender Ernestinischer Herzogtümer: Herzogtum Sachsen (1554 bis 1572), Herzogtum Sachsen-Weimar (1572 bis 1603), Herzogtum Sachsen-Altenburg (1603 bis 1672), Herzogtum Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg (1672 bis 1826). Bei der Neuordnung der Ernestinischen Herzogtümer im Jahr 1826 kam der Ort wiederum zum Herzogtum Sachsen-Altenburg.
Nach der Verwaltungsreform im Herzogtum gehörte Nitzschka bezüglich der Verwaltung zum Ostkreis (bis 1900) bzw. zum Landratsamt Ronneburg (ab 1900). Der Ort lag im Amtsbezirk Großstöbnitz des Amtsgerichtes Schmölln und hatte 1910 182 Einwohner.
Das Dorf gehörte ab 1918 zum Freistaat Sachsen-Altenburg, der 1920 im Land Thüringen aufging. 1922 kam es zum Landkreis Altenburg.

Am 1. Oktober 1922 wurde Nitzschka in die Stadt Schmölln eingemeindet. Bei der zweiten Kreisreform in der DDR wurden 1952 die bestehenden Länder aufgelöst und die Landkreise neu zugeschnitten. Somit kam Nitzschka als Ortsteil der Stadt Schmölln mit dem Kreis Schmölln an den Bezirk Leipzig; jener gehörte seit 1990 als Landkreis Schmölln zu Thüringen und ging bei der thüringischen Kreisreform 1994 im Landkreis Altenburger Land auf. Heute leben noch 96 Menschen in dem von jeher landwirtschaftlich geprägten Ort.

Wirtschaft

Auf der Gemarkung des Ortes befindet sich zwischen dem Stadtrand Schmölln und dem Ortsteil der Industrieverbundstandort Schmölln-Gößnitz, das größte Gewerbegebiet der Stadt. Dort hat sich beispielsweise die Omega electric GmbH angesiedelt. Aber auch im Ort direkt existieren Unternehmen, wie ein Baumarkt oder ein Baggerbetrieb. Außerhalb des Ortes in Richtung Zschöpel befindet sich der Windpark Schmölln/Ponitz, 1996 wurden auf den Gemarkungen Nitzschka und Kummer fünf Anlagen installiert.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Geographie (Schmölln)
Ort im Landkreis Altenburger Land
Rundling
Ersterwähnung im 12. Jahrhundert
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Altenburger Land)

Nitzschka (Schmölln)


Andromeda II este o galaxie pitică sferoidală care face parte din Grupul Local. A fost descoperită de către Sidney van den Bergh în 1970, în același timp cu galaxiile Andromeda I, Andromeda III și Andromeda IV.

Aflată la distanța de aproape  de ani-lumină de Sistemul Solar, Andromeda II este situată între Galaxia Andromeda și Galaxia Triunghiului și este dificil să se spună a cărei satelit este.

Referințe și note

Legături externe
 Date de la SEDS despre

Constelația Andromeda
Galaxii pitice sferoidale
Grupul Local
Obiecte PGC

Andromeda II


المطبخ الأندلسي هو مطبخ متنوع وذلك لانتشاره في منطقة متنوعة بحد ذاتها. ومع هذا، فينفرد بأنواع من الطعام منها بالحساء البارد (الغسباجيو) والسمك المقلي (بسكايتو فريتو) ولحم الخنزير المدخن والمقدد المعروف بالجامونز والخمر الأندلسي المسمى جيريز.

المقالي
معظم مقالي المطبخ الأندلسي يعتمد على زيت الزيتون الذي يصنع في مناطق جاين وقرطبة وإشبيليا وغرناطة في إسبانيا.

يغلف الطعام المراد قليه بالطحين الصافي بدون أي زيادة أخرى إلا من طحين الحمص الذي يضاف لبعض الأنواع من الطبخ. ثم يقلى بتغميسه في كميات كبيرة من الزيت الذي يغلي.

الحساء

وتشتهر الأندلس بالحساء البارد المفضل في أيام الصيف الحارة لخصائصهم المنعشة. وهناك العديد من أنواعه. مثلاً الغسباجيو وهو حساء بارد من أصل أندلسي اشتهر في إسبانيا وأميركا اللاتينية.. وهذا الحساء يتألف من البندورة (طماطم) ،الخيار، الفليفلة، البقدونس، زيت الزيتون، البصل، الثوم، الخبز المقدد، الخل، ماء وملح. وفي بعض الأنواع، يضاف عصير الحامض والسكر. والأجوبلانكو وهو حساء أبيض مصنوع من الخبز المغمس بالخل والزيت مع الثوم واللوز.

اللحوم

يعتمد الأندلسيون على لحم الخراف الضأن والبقر في أطباقهم.

الأسماك

تحيط البحار خمس مناطق أندلسية مما يجعل الأسماك والمأكولات البحرية مادة أساسية في المطبخ الأندلسي. فتجد الأندلسيين يستعملون القريدس (الجمبري) والروبيان وأصداف الموركس والحبار والصبيدج وسمك البلم (الأنشوفة) في معظم أطباقهم. كما يستعملون أرجل السلاطعين والسمك المبلطح وسمك القشقوش.

الحلويات

الحلويات الأندلسية هي تطور للحلويات العربية التي اشتهرت أيام الحكم العربي للأندلس. منها ألبستينوس (عجين مقلى مغطى بالعسل) والفاجوري والأماركيلوس (معكرون اللوز) والبلفورونيس (اللوزية) والخبز المشحم والكعك المقلي بالنبيذ والتوريجاس.

المشروبات

نبيذ الجيريز، هو نبيذ مشهور عالميا حتى أن شكسبير تغنى به في أدبياته. وهو مصنوع من نبيذ مضاف إليه الكحول. ومن نبيذهم الفاخر تجد المانونيلا والنبيذ الأبيض من قادس، ونبيذ كوندادو وروتا. ومن الخمر الحلاة اشتهرت خمرة الينسون في روت والكازالا دي لا سييرا والروم من سواحل غرناطة.

أشهر الأطباق
وبعض الأطباق الأندلسية المعتادة هي:
 بيسكيتو فريتو (السمك المقلي)
 الغسباجيو (حساء البندورة الباردة)
 سلاموريجو القرطبي (حساء الخبز والبندورة)
 برينغا (طبق لحوم)
 جامون الجابوكي (لحم الخنزير المعالج)
 الزيتون المعد المنقوع بالخل أو الزيت أو الماء المالح
 أجوبلانكو (الحساء البيضاء)
 بوليا
 الينسون
 النبيذ الملقي
 ميغاس دي هارينا (طبق يصنع من فضلات الخبز المطبوخ مع الثوم والفصة.

عادات الطعام
يتناولون الأندلسيون الطعام ثلاث مرات في اليوم:
 الفطور: وهي وقعة خفيفة تعتمد على الفاكهة والعصير، الحليب والقهوة، والخبز مع البندورة أو الميغاس دي هارينا.
 بعد الظهر: وهي الوقعة الرئيسة ويتناولونها بين الواحدة والثانية والنصف بعد الظهر. ويتناولون خلالها ثلاثة أطباق: الطبق الأول من المعجنات أو الخضار، والطبق الثاني من اللحوم (سمك أو ضان) والثالث من الفاكهة واللبن (الزبادي).
 مساء: بين التاسعة والحادية عشرة والنصف مساء. ويتناولون كمية طعام أقل من بعد الظهر وأكثر من الصباح. وبالعادة تكون مؤلفة من طبق طعام واحد وفواكه.

وصلات خارجية
 المطبخ الأندلسي
 مجموعة المطبخ الكاتيتانو
 موقع شراب الشيري الرسمي
 تذوق الأندلس

راجع المقالات التالية
 الأندلسيون
 إسبانيا

مراجع

مصدر
٭ يعتمد بالأساس على ترجمة مقال «ويكيبيديا» الأنكليزية والإسبانية.

مطبخ أندلسي

مطبخ أندلسي


Pensilvanya Almancası (Pennsylvanisch-Deitsch)  veya Amerikan Almancası Hint-Avrupa dillerinin Cermen Dilleri koluna bağlıdır ve dünyanın yaygın dillerinden biridir. Pensilvanya Almancası, Kanada ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde (özellikle Pensilvanya eyaletinde) 300.000 kişi tarafından konuşulan bir dildir.

Genellikle bir Almanca ağzı olarak görülür.

Cermen dilleri

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde kültür

Doğal diller
Almanca
Almanca lehçeleri
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde Amiş
Kanada'da Amiş
Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan sayfalar

Pensilvanya Almancası


Stronghold Kingdoms ist ein MMO-Browserspiel innerhalb der Stronghold-Computerspielreihe. Es wurde von Firefly Studios entwickelt und erschien als Alpha-Version erstmals 2009. Am 9. November 2012 erschien es in Form einer Ultimate-Version im Einzelhandel.

Spielprinzip
Die Spieler kann als Burgherr Technologien erforschen und im Rang aufzusteigen. Wesentlicher Faktor ist dabei auch die Zufriedenheit seiner Gefolgschaft. Ziel ist es Baron oder König zu werden. Dabei ist man in persistenten mittelalterlichen Welt mit zahlreichen anderen Mitspielern und Baugebieten verbunden. Anders als bei vorherigen Hauptteilen der Serie sind Bauzeiten deutlich verlängert. Statt Sekunden dauert es Stunden bis Gebäude fertig gestellt sind. Jedoch wird vom Spieler auch nicht mehr als 15 Minuten Interaktion pro Tag erwartet. Untereinander können sich die Spieler gegenseitig angreifen, gerade, wenn Fraktionen oder Häuser um die Vorherrschaft in Gebieten kämpfen. Zusätzlich gibt es regelmäßig Angriffe von computergesteuerten Belagerungscamps und Burgen.

Rezeption

Zusätzliche Gebäude- und Forschungswarteschlangen sowie weitere Vorteile können durch Mikrotransaktionen erworben werden, was dem Spiel den Vorwurf von Pay to win aussetzt. Die Spielerzahlen erreichten 2017 über 5 Millionen.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website
 Stronghold Kingdoms bei Fandom.com

Einzelnachweise

Computerspiel 2012
Free-to-play-Spiel

Stronghold Kingdoms


Aziridina (denumită și etilenimină sau azaciclopropan) este cel mai simplu compus heterociclic cu azot, fiind alcătuită dintr-o grupă amină (-NH-) legată de două punți metilenice (--). Prezintă formula moleculară . Aziridinele sunt derivații acestui compus.

Obținere

Din epoxizi
O metodă de obținere a etileniminei implică o etapă de deciclizare a unui epoxid, realizată cu azidă de sodiu, urmată de o reacție de reducere a azidei cu trifenifosfină (etapă în care se elimină și azot gazos):

O altă metodă implică o deciclizare a unui epoxid cu amine, etapă urmată de o reacție de ciclizare de tip reacție Mitsunobu.

Din oxime
Reacția de sinteză Hoch-Campbell este reacția unor oxime cu reactivi Grignard:

Proprietăți

Note

Vezi și
 Oxid de etilenă (oxiran)
 Tiairan

Compuși heterociclici cu azot

Aziridină


Los bolosáuridos (Bolosauridae) son una familia extinta de pararreptiles anciromorfos que vivieron entre finales del período Carbonífero (Gzheliense) o inicios del Pérmico (Asseliense) hasta el inicio de la época del Guadalupiano (finales de la etapa del Roadiense) en América del Norte, China, Alemania, Rusia y Francia. Sus fósiles se han encontrado en Norteamérica, Rusia y Alemania. Los bolosaúridos son fuera de lo común en este período por haber sido bípedos, los más antiguos tetrápodos conocidos en serlo. Sus dientes sugieren que eran herbívoros. Los bolosaúridos son un grupo raro y se extinguieron sin dejar ningún descendiente conocido. El siguiente cladograma muestra la posición filogenética de Bolosauridae, de acuerdo con Johannes Müller, Jin-Ling Li y Robert R. Reisz, 2008.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Berman, DS, RR Reisz, D Scott, AC Henrici, SS Sumida & T Martens (2000), Early Permian bipedal reptile. Science 290: 969-972.
 Reisz, RR; Muller, J; Tsuji, L; Scott, D (2007), The cranial osteology of Belebey vegrandis (Parareptilia: Bolosauridae), from the Middle Permian of Russia, and its bearing on reptilian evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 151: 191-214(24)

Enlaces externos

Parareptilia

Bolosauridae


Heidi Jo Newberg (născută Heidi Jo Marvin, la Washington D.C.) este o astrofiziciană americană. Profesor la Institutul Politehnic Rensselaer (RPI) din Troy, New York, ea este cunoscută mai cu seamă prin lucrările ei pentru înțelegerea structurii Căii Lactee. Grupul său a pus îndeosebi în evidență "canibalizarea" mai micilor galaxii de către aceasta cât și forma mai mare și ondulată a Căii Lactee, față de ce se credea până atunci.

Este membră fondatoare a Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) și a Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE), cât și o personalitate cheie a proiectului de calcul distribuit.

Biografie
Newberg a obținut un bachelor's degree  în fizică la Institutul Politehnic Rensselaer în 1987. Și-a făcut și obținut Ph.D. în fizică la Universitatea din California la Berkeley în 1992

Newberg a început să lucreze asupra Sloan Digital Sky Survey începând din 1992, și Sloan Digital Sky Survey. A devenit profesor la Institutul Politehnic Rensselaer din 1999.

Viața personală
Newberg s-a născut la Washington, D.C.  Este căsătorită cu Lee Newberg și are patru copii.

Note

Legături externe
Fișă pe site-ul Institutului Politehnic Rensselaer

Absolvenți ai Institutului Politehnic Rensselaer
Absolvenți ai Universității din California la Berkeley
Fizicieni americani
Fiziciene
Fizicieni din secolul al XX-lea
Fizicieni din secolul al XXI-lea
Astronomi americani
Astronomi din secolul al XX-lea
Astronomi din secolul al XXI-lea
Femei din domeniul științific
Profesori la Institutul Politehnic Rensselaer

Heidi Jo Newberg


La centaurea mayor (Centaurea scabiosa), También llamada hierba de pedorrera, es una especie de la familia  de las asteráceas. Se llama también "pedo de burro".

Descripción
Planta perenne, derecha, rígida, de 45 cm de altura, poco ramificada y áspera. Pocas cabezuelas solitarias, involucro globular, un poco estrechado sobre las flores, de 2 cm de diámetro, sobre un largo y rígido pedúnculo formado por muchas brácteas triangulares, anchas y con borde de color marrón muy oscuro, casi negro, con espinas retorcidas. Las interiores más alargadas, también con una punta triangular oscura y con lacinias retorcidas. De color verde con pelusilla blanca. La parte inferior del borde casi transparente. Las flores de color púrpura o rosa violáceo, en forma de tubo más abultado, las exteriores más largas, caídas sobre el involucro y estériles, sus 5 lóbulos muy estrechos. En plena floración la brocha de flores puede medir 4 cm de diámetro. Hojas sentadas, con varios pares de lóbulos oblongos, de borde retorcido, abarquilladas, ásperas en las dos páginas por los numerosos pelos cortos y rígidos. Las inferiores de la roseta, pecioladas. la raíz dura y rizomatosa.

Distribución y hábitat
En toda Europa excepto Albania, Bulgaria, Islandia, Grecia  y Turquía.
En España en Castilla y León. Vive en escombreras, junto a carreteras, setos , riscos, bordes y lugares secos y pedregosos con pasto duro. Florece en verano y hasta el otoño.

Taxonomía
Centaurea scabiosa fue descrita por Carolus Linnaeus y publicado en Species Plantarum 2: 840. 1753.
Citología
Número de cromosomas de Centaurea scabiosa (Fam. Compositae) y táxones infraespecíficos: 2n=40
Etimología
Centaurea: nombre genérico que procede del Griego kentauros, hombres-caballos que conocían las propiedades de las plantas medicinales.

scabiosa: epíteto latino que significa "rugosa".
Subespecies
Centaurea scabiosa subsp. adpressa (Ledeb.) Gugler
Centaurea scabiosa subsp. alpestris (Hegetschw.) Nyman
Centaurea scabiosa subsp. apiculata (Ledeb.) Mikheev
Centaurea scabiosa subsp. badensis (Tratt.) Gugler
Centaurea scabiosa subsp. cephalariifolia (Willk.) Greuter
Centaurea scabiosa subsp. fritschii (Hayek) Hayek
Centaurea scabiosa subsp. grinensis (Reut.) Nyman
Centaurea scabiosa subsp. integra Greuter
Centaurea scabiosa subsp. menteyerica (Chaix) Nyman
Centaurea scabiosa subsp. sadleriana (Janka) Asch. & Graebn.
Centaurea scabiosa subsp. spinulosa (Spreng.) Arcang.
Centaurea scabiosa subsp. tematinensis (Domin) Domin
Sinonimia
Centaurea coriacea Willd.	Centaurea scabiosa var. vertesensis (Boros) Soó	Colymbada scabiosa (L.) Holub	Colymbada scabiosa'' (L.) Rauschert

Nombres comunes
 Castellano: anapera, arnaza, asnaza, cabezuela, cardo garrapata, centaura mayor, centaurea mayor, centáurea mayor, hierba pedorrera, napera, pedo-de-burro.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

scabiosa
Flora de la península ibérica
Flora de Europa
Plantas descritas en 1753
Plantas descritas por Linnaeus

Centaurea scabiosa


Alisson Ramses Becker, poznatiji kao Alisson Becker ili Alisson je brazilski nogometni vratar koji trenutno brani za engleski klub Liverpool i Brazil.

Rani život
Alisson je rođen 2. listopada 1992. u Novom Hamburgu u regiji Rio Grande do Sul. Njegov otac bio je posrednik te je podržavao Alissonovo zanimanje za nogomet. Alisson i njegov brat Muriel živjeli su u zajednici u kojem je sport bio vrlo cijenjen.

Karijera

Internacional
Pridružio se Internacional akademiji 2002. godine u dobi od 10 godina. Dobro se razvijao te je redovno nastupao za U-23 ekipu, sve dok nije debitirao za prvu momčad protiv Cruzeira 17. veljače 2013., kada je završilo 1–1.

2014. godine imao je 11 nastupa u Brazilskoj ligi.

Roma
U srpnju 2016. otišao je u Romu, talijanski klub. Prvi put je za klub nastupao 17. kolovoza 2016. protiv Porta u Ligi prvaka gdje je bilo 1–1, no cijelu sezonu bio je rezerva za Poljaka Wojciecha Szczęsnya.

Wojciech Szczęsny je otišao na kraju sezone 2016./17. te je Alisson od toga trenutka bio "broj 1" u Romi.

20. kolovoza 2017. Alisson je prvi put nastupio u talijanskoj Seriji A u Bergamu gdje su pobijedili domaćina Atalantu 0–1. Također je prvi put nastupio u lokalnom derbiju gdje je Roma slavila 2–1 protiv Lazia. Alisson je bio pohvaljen svojim obranama u Ligi prvaka. U istoj sezoni (2017./18.) je odigrao 22 utakmice bez primljenoga gola.

Liverpool
Alisson je 2018. godine otišao u Liverpool za 65 milijuna £, te je tako postao najskuplji vratar svih vremena, dok Kepa Arrizabalaga nije otišao iz Bilbaa u Chelsea za 71,6 milijuna £ 4 tjedna kasnije.

Prvu službenu utakmicu za Liverpool odigrao je 12. kolovoza 2018. protiv West Hama. Liverpool je pobijedio 4–0. U istome mjesecu bio je nominiran za UEFA-inu nagradu za najboljeg vratara sezone, te je završio drugi. Na kraju sezone 2018./19. odigrao je 21 utakmicu bez primljenoga gola u Premiershipu te je osvojio Zlatnu rukavicu (Golden Glove) za nejboljeg vratara sezone. U finalu Lige prvaka Alisson nije primio gol te je Liverpool tako osvojio Ligu prvaka svladavši Tottenham Hotspur 2–0.

Kako je Loris Karius na početku sezone 2019./20. otišao iz Liverpoola, bilo je najavljeno da će Alisson nositi broj 1, nakon što je prošle sezone nosio broj 13. Nije nastupao u Superkupu 2019. protiv Chelseaja zbog ozljede. Liverpool je i bez njega osvojio Superkup pobijedivši Chelsea 5–4 na jedanaestercima, nakon što je bilo 2–2 na kraju produžetaka. U utakmici protiv Norwicha 9. kolovoza 2019. se ozlijedio u prvom poluvremenu. Prvu utakmicu nakon ozljede odigrao je 20. listopada protiv Manchester Uniteda. Završilo je 1–1.

Alisson je sezonu završio sa zlatnom medaljom Premiershipa oko vrata, uz 29 odigranih utakmica.

Reprezentativna karijera
Nakon nastupanja za U-17 i U-20 reprezentacije, Alisson je pozvan za nastupanje u prvoj momčadi za dvije utakmice kvalifikacija za SP 2018. protiv Čilea i Venezuele. Prvi put je za seniorsku reprezentaciju nastupao 13. listopada u pobjedi 3–1.

5. svibnja 2016. Alisson je pozvan na Copa América Centenario koji se održao u SAD-u. Brazil je završio treći u skupini te ispao s natjecanja.

Nastupao je na SP 2018. u Rusiji. Brazil je stigao do četvrtfinala gdje ga je izbacila Belgija.

Na Copa Américi 2019. dobio je nagradu za najboljeg vratara turnira.

Osobni život
Alissonov stariji brat Muriel je također vratar koji trenutno igra za Fluminense. Njegova obitelj je njemačkoga podrijetla, te je zbog toga Alissonov nadimak u Romi bio "Nijemac".

2015. je oženio Nataliu Loewe. Imaju kćer Helenu i sina Mattea.

Izvori

Brazilski nogometni vratari
Nogometaši Liverpoola
Aktivni nogometaši

Alisson


Die 2. Unihockey-Bundesliga 2005/06 wurde vom UHC Döbeln gewonnen.

Teilnehmende Mannschaften
 UHC Döbeln
 SSC Leipzig II
 USV Halle
 SV Grimma 1919
 Unihockey Igels Dresden
 SV 1887 Schlotheim
 UHC Elster
 SV Rotta
 USV TU Dresden

Modus

Die 2. Bundesliga wurde in einer Einfachrunde mit Hin- und Rückspiel ausgespielt, somit hatte jedes Team 16 Spiele zu absolvieren. Eine feste Auf- und Abstiegsregelung zur 1. Bundesliga bzw. Regionalliga gab es damals noch nicht. Für einen Sieg gab es zwei Punkte.

Unihockey 2005
Unihockey 2006

Bundesliga #2 2005

2. Unihockey-Bundesliga 2005/06


Shohei Kamada (født 11. maj 1980) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Tokushima Vortis.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Shohei Kamada


Consiliul Național Secuiesc a fost un organ politic național al secuilor din Transilvania înființat în perioada care a urmat după Primul Război Mondial. A fost format în luna noiembrie 1918 la Budapesta, ca urmare a susținerii active a liderilor Benedek Jancsó, Dénes Sebess, Gábor Ugron și Nándor Urmánczy și sub coordonarea conților originari din Transilvania István Bethlen și Pál Teleki.

Înființare
La 12, 13 și respectiv 15 noiembrie 1918 au luat ființă la Cluj, Budapesta și Târgu Secuiesc mai multe consilii naționale secuiești, iar la 17 noiembrie a avut loc o întâlnire a membrilor acestora la Budapesta, la aceasta participând și delegați din Gheorgheni și Târgu Mureș. La 19 noiembrie s-a constituit la Budapesta la inițiativa lui István Bethlen un comitet cu largă reprezentativitate.

Activitate
Acest consiliu a avut un caracter politic și a militat pentru înființarea unei viitoare republici secuiești. Astfel, cu toate că reprezentanții consiliului și-au declarat loialitatea față de statul ungar, și-au declarat în aceeași perioadă și disponibilitatea de a acționa în numele unei republici secuiești independente, organism statal care ar fi putut să rezulte prin autodeterminare și să aibă la bază principiile wilsoniene.

De asemenea, consiliul de la Budapesta s-a implicat și în organizarea și susținerea Diviziei Secuiești, forță militară dispusă să lupte pentru menținerea Transilvaniei în granițele statului ungar. Astfel, membrii consiliului au reușit să adune o mare cantitate de arme, să acumuleze fonduri consistente și să recruteze – cu predilecție din rândul unităților  militare demobilizate care se întorceau de pe frontul italian, un număr de soldați secui.

Referințe

Lectură suplimentară
  Fráter Olivér - A Székely Nemzeti Tanács működése (1918-1919) Székely Nép Budapest, 2010. november 19   (hozzáférés: 2017.01.15)
  Nándor, Bárdi; Impériumváltás Székelyudvarhelyen 1918-1920; Aetas, Vol. 9, No. 3; pp. 76-120

1918 în România
1919 în România
1918 în Ungaria
1919 în Ungaria
Istoria secuilor

Consiliul Național Secuiesc (1918-1919)


Kingsley Davis (Condado de Jones, Texas, 20 de agosto de 1908 - Stanford, California, 27 de febrero de 1997) fue un demógrafo y sociólogo estadounidense considerado por la American Philosophical Society como uno de los científicos sociales más destacados del siglo XX. Fue investigador en la Hoover Institution. Dirigió numerosos estudios demográficos y sociales en Europa, América del Sur, África y Asia,

Datos biográficos y académicos
Davis se doctoró en la Universidad Harvard y fue profesor en el Smith College, la Universidad Clark, la Pennsylvania State University, la Universidad de Princeton, la Universidad de Columbia, la Universidad de California en Berkeley y la University of Southern California.

Kingsley Davis fue internacionalmente reconocido como demógrafo experto en crecimiento de la población y recursos, historia y teoría de las migraciones humanas internacionales, urbanización del mundo, transición demográfica y políticas sobre población.

K. Davis fue presidente de la Population Association of America; presidente de la American Sociological Association; representante de Estados Unidos en la United Nations Population Commission; miembro de Advisory Council de la National Aeronautics and Space Administration y miembro del Advisory Committee on Population for the U.S -Oficina del censo (Bureau of the Census)-. Fue, en 1966, el primer sociólogo en los Estados Unidos elegido como miembro de la United States National Academy of Sciences.

Davis logró en 1978 el Premio Irene B. Taeuber (Irene B. Taeuber Award) por sus proyectos de investigación en demografía, el Premio Common Walth (Common Wealth Award) en 1979 por sus trabajos en sociología y en 1982 el Career of Distinguished Scholarship Award de la American Sociological Association.

 Aportes de Kingsley Davis a la demografía
 Explosión demográfica y crecimiento cero
A Kingsley Davis se le reconoce como el creador del término explosión demográfica (population explosión) y el término crecimiento cero de la población (zero population growth), este último reclamado por George Stolnitz.
George J. Stolnitz (1955) Population Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1. pp. 24-55

 Teoría de la transición demográfica

Se considera que Davis tuvo un papel importante en la denominación y desarrollo de la conocida como teoría de la transición demográfica.Demografía urbana - Kingsley Davis, Slideshare

 Justificación de la desigualdad social
K. Davis contribuyó decisivamente a la teoría funcionalista de las clases sociales. Davis, defensor de la limitación de la procreación en todo el mundo, tuvo, sin embargo, varios hijos. Publicó un importante artículo junto con Wilbert E. Moore titulado Algunos principios de la estratificación (Some Principles of Stratification)Davis, K, and Moore, W. E. "Some principles of stratification." American Sociological Review, 10 (2), 242-49 que constituyó un hito dentro del funcionalismo ya que explicaba las razones de razones de la desigualdad social. Davis y Wilbert Moore sintetizan las doctrinas de Emile Durkheim y Talcott Parsons para defender la denominada Hipótesis Davis-Moore de la necesidad funcional de la desigualdad social: los mejores sueldos y beneficios deben destinarse a las personas con mayores méritos, al mismo tiempo, esa recompensa diferencial serviría de motivación y justificación para que otras personas cubran los puestos peor retribuidos. Desde esta perspectiva, con claras raíces en el darwinismo social, la enfermedad es un estado anormal, ya que significa que el individuo no es capaz de desempeñar su papel social. Los sociólogos ven este artículo como un caso paradigmático de la lógica funcionalista, y de hecho, Davis llegó a ser una figura destacada en la escuela funcionalista de sociología.Scarano, Francisco A.; Puerto Rico Between Empires: Population and Society, Caribbean Studies, Vol 35, nº2, 2007, Universidad de Puerto Rico

 Incompatibilidad entre familia y mercado
John MacInnes señala que en la obra de Kingsley Davis de 1937 Reproductive Institutions and the Pressure for Population se recogen argumentos antes expuestos por otros autores (Ogburn, 1933; Dealey, 1912 y Wirth, 1937) en los que se expone los objetivos incompatibles entre familia y mercado. La sociedad moderna y su industrialismo exigen una alta movilidad, urbanización, racionalidad, una división impersonal y muy extendida del trabajo que no podía ser compatible con la familia como institución clave del periodo anterior que denomina familismo.

Según MacInnes Davis propuso unos sesenta años antes que el sociólogo Anthony Giddens —este último lo hizo en 1992— las ideas claves de la transformación de la familia y de la intimidad:
 1 - el declive del sexo reproductivo y su reemplazo por el sexo por placer o plástico,
 2 - el declive del matrimonio y su poder de regular el sexo,
 3 - el ascenso de la importancia social de los sentimientos y su discusión abierta y en público, incluso entre miembros de una pareja,
 4 - el declive del estatus sexual (el poder patriarcal o patriarcado)
 5 - el desarrollo de relaciones 'democráticas' o 'puras'.

La llegada inesperada -y aunque pasajera con el paso del tiempo- del baby boom en los años 40 y 50 en Estados Unidos hizo que Davis abandonara estos análisis sociológicos que mostraban relaciones más complejas entre familia, mercado, industria y fecundidad. Cuando en los años ochenta aparecieron de nuevo los niveles bajos de fecundidad Davis recuperó sus argumentos
originales:

 Predicciones sobre la población del mundo
En 1957, Davis predijo que la población del mundo alcanzaría los 6.000 millones de personas en el año 2000, cifra que se alcanzó en octubre de 1999.

 Publicaciones
Kingsley Davis fue un prolífico escritor que publicó numerosos artículos académicos, libros y capítulos de libros.
Artículos
 1945 - 1945, K. Davies & W.E. Moore, Some Principles of Stratification, Vol 10, Issue 2
Libros
 "Youth in the Depression" (University of Chicago Press, 1935)
 "World Population in Transition" (American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1945)
 "Human Society" (MacMillan, 1949)
 "Modern Society" (Rinehart, 1949)
 "The Population of India and Iraq" (Princeton University Press, 1951)
 "Population and Progress in Haiti" (Council on Foreign Relations, 1951)
 "The American Class Structure" (with J. Kahl; Rinehart, 1959)
 "A Structural analysis of Kinship" (Arno, 1960)
 "India's Urban Future" (with R. Turner; University of Michigan, 1961)
 "Population Policy and Economic Development" (Stanford Research Institute, 1961)
 "The psychology of Human Fertility" (Basil Blackwell, 1963)
 "The Population Impact on Children in the World's Agrarian Countries" (Institute of International Studies, 1965)
 "Cities" (Knopf, 1965)
 "California's Twenty Million" (with F. Stylkes; University of California, 1971)
 "World Urbanization 1950-1970" (Institute of International Studies, 1972)
 "Cities: Their Origin, Growth and Human Impact" (Freeman, 1973)
 "Below Replacement Fertility in Industrial Societies" (with others; Cambridge University Press, 1987)
 "Population and Resources in a Changing World" (with others; Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies, 1989)
 "Resources, Environment, and Population" (with M. Bernstan; Oxford University Press, 1991"

David escribió en "Scientific American", "Science", "New York Times Magazine", "Commentary", "Foreign Affairs" y otros periódicos.

 Bibliografía sobre Kingsley Davis
 2005 - David Heer and Kingsley Davis. "Kingsley Davis: A Biography and Selections from His Works", Transaction Publishers.
 2003 - John MacInnes, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100329074452/http://www.ced.uab.es/publicacions/PapersPDF/Text226.pdf Ver 'Kingsley Davis: la incompatibilidad entre la familia y el mercado', en La sociología de la familia y la fecundidad: algunas reflexiones clásicas y su relevancia contemporánea]. Comunicació presentada al IV Congrés Català de Sociologia. Reus, 5 i 6 d'abril de 2003. Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics
 1993 - Nicole Laurin-Frenette, Las teorías funcionalistas de las clases sociales: sociología e ideología burguesa, Siglo XXI de España Editores, 1993 - 368 páginas.

Referencias

Véase también
 Teoría de la transición demográfica
 Segunda transición demográfica
 Teoría de la revolución reproductiva
 Explosión demográfica
 Límites del crecimiento

Enlaces externos
En español
 Demografía urbana - Kingsley Davis, Slideshare

En inglés
 Kingsley Davis en Encyclopædia Britannica
 Kingsley Davis in der Enzyklopaedia Britannica
 Obituary en Stanford News
 Biography en la American Sociological Association
 Biography en Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
En alemán
 Kingsley Davis in "50 Klassiker der Soziologie" (Universität Graz)

Demógrafos de Estados Unidos
Sociólogos de Estados Unidos
Científicos del siglo XX
Personas de Texas
Presidentes de la American Sociological Association
Profesores del Smith College

Kingsley Davis


Alberto Testa ()  un dansator, coregraf, critic de dans și profesor italian.

Biografie
Câștigător în 1942 al Concursului de Teatru Universitar cu un singur act, a absolvit în același an licența în litere la Universitatea din Torino cu o disertație referitoare la dans. A studiat dansul clasic la Torino cu Grazioso Cecchetti, fiul lui Enrico Cecchetti, perfecționându-se cu Susanna Egri. A dansat în unele dintre cele mai importante teatre italiene și străine, sub îndrumarea unor mari maeștri precum Leonide Massine, Margarete Wallmann și Aurel Milloss, participând la numeroase festivaluri, precum Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Sagra Musicale Umbra, Festivalul de la Salzburg etc.

Activ mai ales în calitate de coregraf între 1965 și 1987, a realizat partea de balet pentru mai multe spectacole de operă, printre care Ioana d'Arc pe rug (1960), Dama de pică (1963), Turandot (1984), Traviata (1984), Tannhäuser (1985) etc., dar și pentru spectacolele de teatru, unde, la Festivalul de la Todi, s-a îngrijit de traducerea, adaptarea și punerea în scenă a spectacolului La città che ha per principe un ragazzo de Henry de Montherlant, precum și a spectacolului Omaggio a Thornton Wilder la Roma în 1998. A creat, de asemenea, dansurile din filmul Ghepardul al lui Luchino Visconti și din numeroase filme ale lui Franco Zeffirelli: Romeo și Julieta (1967), Isus din Nazaret (1976), Traviata (1982), Otello (1986), Il giovane Toscanini (1988). El a predat Istoria dansului timp de treizeci de ani, din 1963, la Academia Națională de Dans din Roma.

El este fondatorul și directorul artistic al Premio Positano pentru arta dansului, unul dintre cele mai vechi și mai importante din Italia, inaugurat în august 1969 și dedicat din 1979 memoriei lui Léonide Massine. Este președinte din 1969 al Premio Porselli "Una vita per la Danza", precum și cofondator și director al Centrului de Documentare și Cercetare în domeniul dansului din Torino.

Din 1963, la invitația Jiei Ruskaya, pe atunci directoare a Academiei Naționale de Dans din Roma, a îndeplinit pentru treizeci de ani funcția de conferențiar la Catedra de Istoria dansului.

Istoric și critic de balet, de la fondarea sa, al cotidianului La Repubblica, a colaborat la elaborarea secțiunilor de dans și de balet a principalelor enciclopedii și dicționare italiene și străine (Enciclopedia dello Spettacolo, Treccani, Larousse). A publicat articole și eseuri în programele teatrale și reviste de specialitate (Balletto Oggi, Danza & Danza, Tutto Danza, Coréographie), autor a numeroase publicații pe acest subiect și a cărții Lezioni di Storia della Danza (2003). A fost președintele juriului și director artistic al Concursurilor internaționale de Dans de la Perugia și Caltanissetta. Face parte din Comisia de spectacole a Ministerului Patrimoniului și Activităților Culturale în secțiunea Dans.

Printre numeroasele premii obținute, a fost distins cu Premiul Gino Tani pentru critică de dans în 1991, cu Targa d'Argento de președintele Republicii în 2002 și cu Premiul Guido Lauri pentru întreaga carieră în anul 2011.

Coregrafii principale
 1965 - Histoire du soldat
 1978 - La Morte e la Fanciulla
 1980 - Gli Uccelli
 1981 - Dansatie
 1982 - A due con ironia
 1983 - Il tempo ritrovato
 1983 - Stelle di carta
 1985 - Le tre dee
 1987 - La notte della musica
 1993 - Carmina Burana

Scrieri
 Discorso sulla danza e sul balletto, Roma, 1970; 2ª ed. 1977; 3ª ed. 1981
 Ricordo di Sergej de Diaghilev, Milano, 1972
 Su Bejart, in "Nuova Rivista Musicale Italiana", 1977
 Giselle, Roma, 1980
 Romeo e Giulietta, Roma, 1980
 Lettere sulla danza di J.-G. Noverre (a cura di), Roma, 1980
 Don Chisciotte, Roma, 1982
 I grandi balletti, Roma, 1991
 Storia della Danza e del Balletto, Roma, 1994, nuova ed. 2005
 Cento grandi balletti, Roma, 1999, 2ª ed. 2006
 Lezioni di Storia della Danza, Roma, 2003
 Memoria di un testimone. Torino e la Danza. Preistoria, storia, tempo presente della nobile arte nei ricordi di un danzatore torinese, Rieti, 2005
 Positano e la Danza nel mondo, Roma, 2006
 Parole di Danza, Roma, 2006
 Nureyev a Positano. I luoghi della memoria, Caserta, 2006
 Sulla Danza - Memorie, Riflessioni - L'intelligenza del cuore, Editore M.Piretti, Bologna, 2013
(Volume colective)
 Il balletto del Novecento, Roma, 1983
 Romeo and Juliet dal testo alla scena, conversazione tra Aurel Milloss, Alberto Testa e Marinella Guatterini, Università di Ferrara, 1986
 Cronologia dei balletti, in Storia del Teatro Regio di Torino, diretta da Alberto Basso, vol.V, Torino, 1988
 L'uomo e lo spettacolo (con Roberto Alonge, Gino Stefani), Roma, 1988

Note

Bibliografie
 Dizionario Enciclopedico Universale della Musica e dei Musicisti, Le biografie, Vol. VIII, Torino, Utet, 1988

Legături externe
 Premio Positano - Home page del sito dedicato al Premio Positano per la Danza, fondato da Alberto Testa dal 1969
 Archivio Liliana Merlo - Home page del canale dedicato all'Archivio Liliana Merlo di Teramo

Nașteri în 1922
Nașteri pe 23 decembrie
Dansatori italieni
Decese în 2019

Alberto Testa (dansator)


El VIII Censo Nacional de Población y IV Censo Nacional de Vivienda de Costa Rica se llevó a cabo en el año 1984 por el encargado de entonces, la Dirección General de Estadística y Censos, predecesora del actual INEC. La población total del país según el censo 1984 era de 2,416,809 habitantes.

Resultados

Referencias

Véase también
 Demografía de Costa Rica
 Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC)

Enlaces externos
 Censo 1984. División Territorial Administrativa de Costa Rica, documento del Centro Centroamericano de Población (CCP).

1984
Costa Rica
Costa Rica en 1984

Censo costarricense de 1984


හුවා ගුවාෆොං යන රණ නාමයෙන් ප්‍රසිද්ධියෙන් හැඳින්වෙන, සූ ෂූ (16 පෙබරවාරි 1921 – 20 අගෝස්තු 2008) යනු, මහජන චීන සමූහාණ්ඩුවෙහි පරම නායකයා  සහ චීන කොමියුනිස්ට් පක්ෂයේ සභාපති ලෙසින් මාඕ සේතුං විසින් නම් කරන ලද අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා විය.

හුවා ගුවාෆොං