A process is provided for converting feedstock hydrocarbon compounds over a catalyst composition which comprises a large-pore molecular sieve material and an additive catalyst composition comprising crystalline material having the structure of ZSM-5 and a silica/alumina mole ratio of less than about 30. An embodiment of the present invention comprises an improved catalytic cracking process to produce high octane gasoline, increased alkylate and potential alkylate, and increased lower olefins, especially propylene.

There is a growing need for higher octane in the refinery gasoline pool, particularly since the phase-out of lead additives for gasoline both in the U.S. and abroad. Decreases in octane sensitivity, i.e., the difference between research and motor octane, are especially desirable. Increased alkylate and potential alkylate are also needed from today's gasoline manufacturing processes. Some C.sub.3 and C.sub.4 olefins are useful by-products of such a manufacturing process; increases in these olefins are desired. These light olefins are used to make ethers and/or alcohols.
Most options available to FCC operators have limited potential. Use of shape-selective cracking additives, or large-pore cracking catalyst containing such additives, appeared to have only limited potential to increase yields of light olefins.
Pyrolysis units or thermal crackers produce large amounts of olefins, but little gasoline. A high severity, shape-selective cracking process is also available. However, like the closely related pyrolysis process, the high severity process makes large amounts of olefins and relatively small yields of highly aromatic, low octane gasoline.
In efforts to solve these problems, a number of processes have been developed. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,758,403 teaches the benefits of adding ZSM-5 to conventional large-pore cracking catalyst formulations. Example 2 of the patent uses a catalyst consisting of 5 wt. % ZSM-5, 10 wt. % REY, and 85% clay. With a gas oil feedstock, the catalyst produced 11.42 vol. % propylene, and a total yield of alkylate and C.sub.5.sup.+ gasoline of 89.1 vol. %. Example 3 of the patent uses a catalyst consisting of 10 wt. % ZSM-5, 10 wt. % REY, and 80% clay. Although the ZSM-5 content doubled, propylene yields increased from 11.4 vol. % to only 13.6 vol. %. The total yield of alkylate and gasoline declined slightly, from 89.1 vol. % to 88.6 vol. %.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,847,793 teaches a slightly different approach. The ZSM-5, which could be in the same particle with the large-pore zeolite, or in a separate additive, is used to convert olefins to aromatics. A riser reactor with an enlarged upper portion is used, along with injection of a coking fluid near the top of the riser, to deactivate the large-pore catalyst while leaving the ZSM-5 catalyst active. Gasoline boiling range material could be injected into the top of the riser for conversion. Table 2 of the patent shows that this approach reduced the mono-olefin content of an FCC gasoline from 14.0 wt. % to 2.9 wt. %. The discussion of Example 2 reports that ZSM-5 was effective for converting propylene to aromatics over a wide range of catalyst silica/alumina ratios.
Based on U.S. Pat. No. 3,847,793, large amounts of ZSM-5 should efficiently convert propylene into aromatics. This would reduce light olefin production, and perhaps exacerbate problems of producing gasoline without exceeding aromatics and/or benzene specifications.
Based on U.S. Pat. No. 3,758,403, use of large-pore cracking catalyst with large amounts of ZSM-5 additive gives only modest increase in light olefin production. A 100% increase in ZSM-5 content (from 5 wt. % ZSM-5 to 10 wt. % ZSM-5) increased the propylene yield less than 20%, and decreased slightly the potential gasoline yield (C.sub.5 + gasoline plus alkylate).
Because refiners must retain the ability to use the many types of commercially available large-pore cracking catalysts available today, the normal practice is to use additive catalysts, with 10 to 50 wt. %, more usually 10 to 25 wt. % ZSM-5 in an amorphous support, to their FCC units. Such additives have physical properties which allow them to circulate with the large-pore cracking catalyst.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,309,280 teaches adding very small amounts of powdered, neat ZSM-5 catalyst, characterized by a particle size below 5 microns. Adding as little as 0.25 wt. % ZSM-5 powder to the FCC catalyst inventory increased LPG production 50%. Small amounts of neat powder behaved much like larger amounts of ZSM-5 disposed in larger particles.
A way to add a modest amount of ZSM-5 to an FCC unit is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,424, incorporated herein by reference. ZSM-5 additive is added to the equilibrium catalyst in a programmed manner so an immediate boost in octane number, typically 1/2-2 octane number, is achieved.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,927,523, incorporated herein by reference, teaches a way to add large amounts of ZSM-5 to a unit without exceeding wet gas compressor limits. Large amounts are added and cracking severity is reduced in the FCC unit for several days.
Recent work on ZSM-5 additives has been directed at stabilizing the additives with phosphorus or making them more attrition resistant. Phosphorus stabilized ZSM-5 additive is believed to retain activity for a longer time. Phosphorus stabilization thus reduces the makeup rate of ZSM-5 additive required. U.S. Pat. No. 5,110,776 teaches a method for preparing FCC catalyst comprising modifying the zeolite, e.g., ZSM-5, with phosphorus. U.S. Pat. No. 5,126,298 teaches manufacture of an FCC catalyst comprising zeolite, e.g., ZSM-5, clay, and phosphorus. Phosphorus treatment has been used on faujasite-based cracking catalysts for metals passivation (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,970,183 and 4,430,199); reducing coke make (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,567,152; 4,584,091; and 5,082,815); increasing activity (see U.S. Patents 4,454,241 and 4,498,975); increasing gasoline selectivity (See U.S. Pat. No. 4,970,183); and increasing steam stability (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,765,884 and 4,873,211).
One concern regarding use of ZSM-5 additive, even with phosphorus stabilization, is that refiners fear dilution of the large-pore cracking catalyst by addition of large amounts of ZSM-5, e.g., over 2 or 3 wt. % ZSM-5 crystal, or use of more than 5 or 10 wt. % additive, will seriously impair conversion since ZSM-5 has difficulty cracking the heavier molecules in gas oil feeds. Most refiners operate with significantly smaller amounts of ZSM-5 than the upper limits recited above.
Another concern is how well the unit will respond when pushed to make even more olefins. The consensus is that small amounts of ZSM-5 additive make large amounts of olefins in an FCC unit operating at low severity, but the increase in yields of light olefins attributable to ZSM-5 declines as severity increases. As reported in Elia, M.F. et al.,"Effect of Operation Conditions on the Behaviour of ZSM-5 Addition to a RE-USY FCC Catalyst", Applied Catalysis, 73, 195-216, 202 (1991), working at low severity produces an increase in light olefinic compounds, mostly branched, in the C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 range. At the same time, an increase in light branched alkanes results and the aromatics and naphthenes contents are almost not affected. Elia et al. report that when the cracking occurs at higher temperatures, an increase in the C.sub.7 -C.sub.8 aromatics and naphthenes is observed, but a much smaller increase in the lighter compounds results.
The poor response to unusually large concentrations of ZSM-5 was reported in U.S. Pat. No. 3,758,403, while Elia et al. have shown the unfavorable response of ZSM-5 to high severity FCC operation.
In summary, most refiners operating cracking units would prefer more light olefins, e.g., propylene and butylene. Based on the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 3,758,403, use of ever increasing amounts of ZSM-5 and large-pore zeolite in a common particle produces rapidly diminishing returns from the incremental amounts of ZSM-5. Based on the state of the art on the use of separate additives in the catalytic cracking process, use of large amounts of additive comprising ZSM-5 would also produce diminishing returns at high severity. Today most refiners tend to use more severe operation to increase conversion, and improve gasoline yield and octane.
Based on the pyrolysis work reported in U.S. Pat. No. 4,980,053, use of large amounts of separate ZSM-5 additive at high severity reduces both conversion and gasoline yield, and would produce a highly aromatic gasoline.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved cracking process using an improved additive catalyst.
It is a further object of the invention to provide for the use of an improved additive catalyst composition to impart an octane-enhancing property in the present catalytic cracking process, and to enhance production of light olefins, e.g., propylene.
It is a particular object of the invention to provide for the use of an improved additive catalyst composition in hydrocarbon cracking to result in product rich in high octane gasoline, alkylate, gasoline plus potential alkylate, and petrochemical grade lower olefins, e.g., propylene.

Catalytic conversion with improved catalyst catalytic cracking with a catalyst comprising a large-pore molecular sieve component and a ZSM-5 component


A computer-implemented method for displaying graphical representation of legends in a data visualization engine is provided. The computer-implemented method includes receiving input to configure a plurality of swatches of the legends of graphical charts, the input comprises at least one of a threshold number of swatches, an identification of graphical area for displaying the swatches, and a size or a data of the swatches for display in the graphical charts of the data visualization engine. The computer-implemented method further includes modifying the legend swatches, based on the received input. The computer-implemented method further includes generating a plurality of graphical charts of the data visualization engine for displaying the swatches, based on the modification, wherein the display is generated randomly, based on at least one user preference for displaying the swatches.

The present invention relates generally to mobile computing devices, and more particularly to display of graphical representations of legends in virtualized data formats of mobile computing devices. Charts are graphical representation of data, which may be represented by symbols, such as, bars in a bar chart, lines in a line chart, or slices in a pie chart. Charts are often used to ease understanding of large quantities of data, and the relationships between parts of the data. For example, when data appearing in a chart contains multiple variables, the chart may include a legend. A legend contains a list of the variables appearing in the chart and an example of their appearance. This information thus allows the data from each variable to be identified and displayed in the chart.

Display of graphical representations of legends in virtualized data formats

International Business Machines Corporation


The present technology relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods for holding and dispensing a roll of material. The apparatus can comprise a supporting structure which can include an engaging member connected to a supporting member. The supporting member can comprise a connecting element. The engaging member can be configured to engage a household fixture. The connecting element can be configured to connect to a second connecting element of a second supporting structure such that the supporting members of the first and second supporting structure support a roll of material.

The present technology relates to apparatuses and methods for holding and dispensing a roll of material that are useful for a variety of applications, including, for example, holding and dispensing a second roll of toilet paper in a household bathroom.
Rolls of material can quickly run out. This can cause anxiety-filled situations in a household, commercial, or institutional context if the material runs out at an inopportune time. Currently marketed products generally include material dispensers that accommodate multiple rolls of material; however, these have disadvantages. For example, some require complicated installation and cannot be easily installed in a house or apartment. Others provide access to only one roll of material at a time. Others are unwieldy and do not allow the user to easily replace the rolls of material.
Therefore, a need exists for rolled material dispensers that are easy to use and that readily adapt to household, institutional, or commercial fixtures.

Apparatus and method for holding and dispensing a roll of material


A device for processing an input signal, including a local oscillator, designed to generate an oscillator signal; a subtracting unit, designed to subtract an amplified correction signal from the input signal in order to generate a corrected input signal; a downmixer, designed to mix the corrected input signal downward to an intermediate frequency using the oscillator signal in order to generate a difference signal; a first amplifier unit, designed to amplify the difference signal in order to generate and output an output signal; a correcting unit, designed to suppress a predefined frequency range of the output signal in order to generate a correction-difference signal; an upmixer, designed to mix the correction-difference signal upward using the oscillator signal in order to generate a correction signal; and a second amplifier unit, designed to amplify the correction signal in order to generate the amplified correction signal.

Radar devices play a central role in generating data for driver assistance systems and driving safety systems. Radar signals are emitted and the reflections are detected to ascertain distances, relative velocities, and angle ranges of objects.
Frequency-modulated continuous wave radar systems (FMCW radar systems) operate using periodic frequency modulation, which enables a time-linear accuracy of the measurement. The frequency of the emitted radar signal predefined by a local oscillator is cyclically modulated. During a signal sequence or a burst, the frequency rises, usually linearly, from a lowest frequency up to a highest frequency. The absolute value of the frequency interval between the transmitted signal and the received signal is a measure of the runtime and may thus be used for the distance determination.
One challenge in the analysis of the radar signals is that interfering contributions may occur, which have to be filtered out. A method for correcting offsets, which may occur due to self-mixing of the frequencies of the local oscillator, is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,516,187 B1. The correction takes place in this case at intermediate frequencies.
In addition to the signal reflected on an object, further interfering contributions may occur. If transmitting antennas and receiving antennas different from one another are used, a part of the radar signals emitted by the transmitting antennas may be transmitted on a direct path to the receiving antennas. Furthermore, the radar devices are usually situated behind a cover of the vehicle, for example, a bumper. A further part of the radiation emitted by the transmitting antennas may be reflected at the cover and arrives from there at the receiver antennas.
To separate solely the frequency contributions of the actual reflection on an object in the vehicle surroundings, the contributions of the direct transmission or the contributions of the reflections on the cover have to be filtered out.

Device and method for processing an input signal and radar device


A seat structure for a vehicle includes front and rear seat bodies each including a seat cushion and a back rest. Each seat cushion has a front part configured to be tipped up about a rear part of the seat cushion. Each back rest has an upper part configured to be tilted backward and forward about a lower part of the back rest. The seat structure also includes first slide rails supporting the front and rear seat bodies in a fore and aft arrangement respectively. The front and rear seat bodies are configured to move backward and forward along the first slide rails. The seat structure further includes a lock member coupled to the front seat body for selectively securing the front seat body relative to the first slide rails. The lock member is movable between a locked position and a released position. The seat structure further includes a push member coupled to the rear seat body. The push member engages the front seat body to move the lock member into the released position so that the front seat body can be moved forward by the rear seat body.

The present disclosure relates to a seat structure for a vehicle including a seat body having at least a seat cushion whose front part is capable of being tipped up about its rear part and a back rest whose upper part is capable of tilting backward and forward about its lower part.
It is generally known to provide a seat structure for a vehicle that includes seats including at least a seat cushion and a back rest. The seat cushion has a front part capable of being tipped up about its rear part from a seated position. The back rest has an upper part capable of tilting backward and forward about its lower part. The seat cushions are slidable backward and forward, the seats are capable of being collected together in a place. Such a seat structure has been widely used in vehicles such as RVs, vans and the like, which have a vehicle compartment serving as a cargo room and a passenger compartment, or in which a single space is created for the two purposes. An example of such a seat is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication No. 2002-104039. Seats of this kind, however, have to be operated and moved one by one. Such a requirement makes poor operability with which the seats are collected together in a place.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide a seat capable of solving the above-mentioned problem. There is also a need to provide a vehicle seat structure that has an improved operability for collecting seats together in a place in a forward portion of the seat structure.


A polyaxial bone anchoring device includes a bone anchoring element having a shank and a head, a head receiving part having a first end, an open second end, and a hollow interior portion in communication with the open second end for receiving the head therein, the head receiving part being flexible for clamping the head, a locking ring configured to be mounted around the head receiving part and having a rod receiving portion, a cap configured to be connected to the head receiving part, and a locking element configured to extend from the cap to engage an inserted rod, wherein the head is pivotable in and the cap and the locking ring are rotatable relative to the head receiving part, and wherein when the locking element is tightened, an inserted rod and an angular position of the bone anchoring element are locked relative to the head receiving part.

Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a polyaxial bone anchoring device that includes a bone anchoring element for anchoring in a bone, a head receiving part for receiving a head of the bone anchoring element, a locking ring mounted around the head receiving part for coupling a stabilization rod to the head receiving part and the bone anchoring element, a cap for securing the rod, and a locking element for locking the assembly. Upon connection of the cap to the head receiving part, a sub-assembly of the locking ring, the rod, and the cap is rotatable with respect to the head receiving part. The locking element exerts pressure onto the rod to move the locking ring to a position that locks the head in the head receiving part and fixes the rod simultaneously. The polyaxial bone anchoring device is particularly suitable for providing an enlarged pivot angle for the bone anchoring element relative to the rest of the device.
Description of Related Art
A polyaxial bone anchoring device with an enlarged pivot angle is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,736,820. This bone anchoring device includes a bone screw and a receiving part with a seat for the head of the bone screw. The screw member can be pivoted to at least one side by an enlarged angle, because the edge of the free end of the receiving part is of asymmetric construction.
Another polyaxial bone anchor is described in US 2005/0080415 A1. This bone anchor has a body member having a U-shaped channel for receiving the rod and a compressible recess for receiving a head of the anchor member such that the anchor member can initially polyaxially angulate with respect to the body member and further has a collar slideably disposed about the body member and capable of compressing the recess around the head. The lower bounding edge of the body member may include a counter-sunk region to permit increased angulation, when the anchor member is oriented toward the counter-sunk region.
US 2009/0149887 A1 describes an apparatus for connecting a bone anchor to a support rod that includes a connector body and a cap.


According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a chemical conversion coated metal sheet for non-condensed thermoplastic resin bonding, the chemical conversion coated metal sheet including a metal substrate and a chemical conversion coating film disposed on at least one surface of the metal substrate, in which the chemical conversion coating film is obtained by coating the metal substrate with a coating liquid that contains an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, colloidal silica, and a silane coupling agent. The ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer has an acrylic acid content of 10 mass % or more and a melt flow rate of 80 g/10 min or less.

A composite member in which a metal substrate and a resin molded article are combined via an adhesive is often used in the fields of domestic appliances, information apparatus, architectural materials, and mobile medium materials such as marine vessel and automobile components. It is known in the art that, in the composite member, a water-based chemical conversion coating film containing a resin, colloidal silica, and a silane coupling agent is provided between the metal substrate and the adhesive in order to enhance the bonding force between the metal substrate and the resin molded article provided on the metal substrate.
As such a chemical conversion coating film such as this, Patent Literature 1, for example, discloses a surface-treating coating film formed by applying a surface-treating agent containing an organic resin having an anionic functional group on a surface of a metal sheet or a plated metal sheet, heating and drying, and bringing the resultant into contact with an aqueous solution containing a metal cation.
Also, by Patent Literature 2, the present applicant proposes a chemical conversion coating film formed from a surface-treating composition containing an olefin-α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid polymer, colloidal silica, and a silane coupling agent.
It is demanded that a composite member such as described above is excellent not only in the adhesiveness between the adhesive layer and the resin molded article (which may hereafter be simply referred to as adhesiveness) but also in the adhesiveness after the composite member is immersed into a chemical agent (which may hereafter be referred to as chemical resistance).

Conversion-coated metal plate for non-condensed thermoplastic resin bonding, surface-treated metal plate for non-condensed thermoplastic resin bonding, composite member, and method for producing conversion-coated metal plate for non-condensed thermoplastic resin bonding


One aspect of the invention is directed to a security system for a golf bag with a set of golf clubs. The invention may utilize a small, lightweight control subsystem which is easily mounted on a golfer's existing golf bag to protect both the golf clubs and the bag from theft. In another embodiment, the golf security system may be built into or integrated with a golf bag. The golf security system utilizes the electronic, programmable control subsystem which is designed to prohibit false alarms and senses minute unauthorized changes in the electromagnetic field defined by a detection loop. The control subsystem may include an input device such as a keypad, an electronic key, or other similar input means to arm and disarm the system. In one embodiment, a tag having high magnetic permeability is attached to golf clubs having non-metallic shafts.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to security systems, and more specifically, to systems for security of a golf bag with golf clubs.
2. Description of the Related Technology
The recent dramatic rise in the popularity of golf and the number of golfers, along with the extraordinary increase in the price of clubs and equipment has focused a spotlight on the problem of stolen clubs and bags around the courses of the world. Security is an everyday concern in the current era. Not all golfers can afford to purchase the newest clubs of choice, and not all golfers are trained in the old club-house etiquette which formerly allowed players to leave their clubs unattended without fear of loss. Further, non-golfers often frequent clubs and courses, and some make an active trade in stolen clubs of the most popular brands which are generally unmarked and easily converted to cash.
Although there is no industry-wide data maintained, most professional and amateur golfers have stories about their favorite club or their friend's clubs that were stolen. Despite the prevalence of the problem, however, golfers have not been presented with a viable solution. Previous patents describe devices which are not effective, are too costly to make, or are simply impractical. The problem of stolen clubs and bags therefore persists and continues to grow. What is desired is a small, lightweight alarm which could be easily mounted on a golfer's existing bag or could be built into a golf bag at the time of its manufacture to effectively protect both clubs and the bag from theft.


A system for detecting the pressure and passage of a vehicle wheel on a surface includes an element made of a deformable conductive rubber component which is urged into contact with an opposing conductive metal component by the passage of a wheel over the element. The rubber component is maintained in a bracket having a generally square profile, and the element is connected to a two-conductor cable through a connection made of an insulating material.

The present invention relates to an electronic device for detecting the weight or passage of objects, to methods for installing such devices, and to applications of such devices to detection of the passage of or the presence of vehicle wheels.
A number of systems are already known for detecting vehicle axles or wheels. For example, it is known to carry out measurements for detecting axles using pneumatic tubes. Pressure variation inside the tubes is measured during the passage of an axle. Such systems are sensitive to pressure variation, but they cannot easily detect the presence of an axle.
Also known are devices which include two deformable metal blades adhesively bonded to, or held by any other means against, two opposed faces of a rubber component. The metal blades are separated by an air gap, and form a mechanical switch. When an object bears on the rubber component, the rubber component deforms, making a metal/metal contact which serves as the switch.
This system has a number of drawbacks, such as the difficulty of adhesively bonding mechanical components to rubber, which can considerably reduce the lifetime of the system. Moreover, such systems are extremely rigid along their length, making them barely deformable. As a result, it becomes very difficult to install or replace the sensors in a metal support component without an adhesive bonding or a mechanical mounting.
Systems are also known for measuring variations in resistance in layers of carbon-filled foam. These components have the drawback of having long response times, which can vary over time due to their aging.
Systems are also known (for example, from French Patent No. 2 634 926) which make use of a detection device having, on one side of the device, two elongate, fixed conductors placed opposite an elongate component made of a deformable conductive rubber.
The system of the present invention improves upon the system described in French Patent No. 2 634 926. To this end, a pressure-sensitive electrical switch is provided which uses the properties of a carbon-filled rubber, or other conductive element, for making the component electrically slightly resistive. The resulting sensors use a measurement of the electrical resistance between a partially insulated steel blade and a slightly resistive rubber component during the passage of vehicles.
The present invention also relates to techniques for installing the sensor (i.e., the device intended to receive the sensor), which can be anchored into the roadway by any known means, and to fitting and dismantling techniques which are made possible by the flexibility of the detection sensor.
Further characteristics and advantages will appear in the course of the description which follows.

Device for detecting pressure and passage of a vehicle wheel on a pavement using a conductive rubber and method for installing same


A dual mobile handset supporting CDMA and GSM communication and call processing method for the dual mode mobile handset, implemented to receive CDMA and GSM calls and process CDMA and GSM signals using different applications, thereby adaptively receiving the CDMA and GSM calls, are provided. The dual mode mobile handset includes first and second transceivers for receiving and transmitting first and second communication mode calls, respectively; first and second controllers for assigning first and second communication mode call identifiers to a call received through the first and second communication mode transceivers, respectively; a user interface module for activating one of call processing applications for the first and second communication mode calls on the basis of the call identifier assigned to the received call; and an inter-process communication module for matching one of the first and second controller to the user interface module.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile handset and, in particular, to a dual mobile handset supporting Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) and a call processing method for the dual mode mobile handset.
2. Description of the Related Art
The mobile communication systems are generally classified into two categories, i.e. an asynchronous GSM system, which is primarily used in Europe, and a synchronous CDMA system, which is primarily used in North America. The CDMA system is characterized in that a transmitter and a receiver are synchronized using a Global Positioning System (GPS).
The GSM system uses a combination of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access as a multiple access method. GSM is the most popular standard for mobile communication in the world such that developments of GSM services are profitable.
CDMA system is a representative synchronous mobile communication system and uses a spread spectrum technology. The spread spectrum is advantageous in terms of increasing frequency reuse. Since CDMA cells use the same frequency band, soft handover is possible between the cells in addition to high frequency reuse efficiency. Also, CDMA uses code channels, which increases security and privacy protection.
The two communication standards use different frequency bands with different specifications such that a CDMA mobile handset and a GSM mobile handset are not compatible. That is, a CDMA mobile handset is useless in a GSM service area, and a GSM mobile handset cannot be used in a CDMA area.
Accordingly, when a person travels from a CDMA service area to a GSM service area and vice versa, the person must change his or her mobile handset or carry two types of mobile handsets.
In order to solve this problem, dual mode mobile handsets have been developed. Such conventional dual mode mobile handsets must be booted in one of the GSM and CDMA modes. However, in regions such as China and Brazil where both the CDMA and GSM networks are mingled, the conventional dual mode mobile handset is used as a single mode mobile handset only for the communication system selected by the user. That is, the conventional dual mode mobile handset cannot receive CDMA and GSM services at the same time.

Dual mode mobile handset and call processing method thereof


A coupling node for regulating the current flow between two or more drives is described. The coupling node may include an interconnect circuit in communication with the drives for selectively opening the connection between the drives. A sensor circuit in communication with the drives measures one or more electrical properties of the drives or between the drives. A sensor circuit actuates the interconnect circuit in response to the measured electrical property of the two or more drives meeting predetermined criteria. In operation, when an electrical property of the drives, such as the current flowing between the drives, meets a predetermined criteria, such as an short circuit or current overload, as indicated by the sensor circuit, the controller actuates the interconnect circuit to open the connection between the drives.

The use of drives is common in control systems. In many cases it is beneficial to connect multiple drives to a common DC bus. When connected in this manner power can flow freely between the drives. Thus if one drive is in regeneration, it can supply power back to the DC bus. If the other drive is consuming power, the regenerating drive can supply the consuming drive with power thereby reducing energy consumption. Unfortunately, this configuration can also cause problems. If current flowing between drives is not limited, excessive stress can be placed on components receiving power from one or more of the drives via the DC bus. This often results in blown fuses or damaged components. Replacing such components incurs additional cost, not only in the cost to replace, but also in the down time of the system while components are replaced.
Therefore, what is needed is a way to protect the components from excessive current and the resulting damage the current may cause while also optimizing the flow of current and power consumption of the system. Other advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the following disclosure of the invention and detailed description of embodiments.


In an illustrative embodiment, a computer implemented method for providing remote system recovery services is provided. The computer implemented method generates bootable system recovery images to form a set of bootable system recovery images, creates a list of authorized users from a set of subscribers, and receives a request for a bootable system recovery image, including a subscriber identifier, to form a received request. The computer implemented method further authenticates the subscriber identifier in the received request and sends the bootable system recovery image to the subscriber. Responsive to a determination that the user selected additional services, the computer implemented method performs the selected services.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to an improved data processing system and, more specifically, to a computer implemented method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for providing remote system recovery services.
2. Description of the Related Art
The advent of computers has caused users to rely on them heavily as tools for use every day. Dependence upon computers has become so widespread that many users cannot function without the devices, as well as the information and services the devices provide. However, all computer systems do not operate forever without some form of component failure.
When a system is not able to boot from the system hard drive, an alternate boot choice is needed. Typically, a recovery method involves booting the disabled system from the selection of either a recovery partition, floppy disk, or compact disc (CD) to perform problem determination on the system. Many newer systems sold today have bootable recovery partitions installed to allow customers (or owners) to attempt to recover and restore the machine.
However, older systems and typical home-built systems do not come with such features. The only option for these systems is to use a bootable floppy or compact disc to recover their system. Most novice computer users never think to create a bootable recovery disk while their machine is in good working order to prepare for a situation when the system becomes unbootable through normal boot processes.
Even when the users are able to locate the operating system compact discs that originally came with the system, the recovery options offered are usually quite limited and/or difficult to use. In addition, the use of the floppy or compact disk as a boot image does not always allow for network configuration.

Provision of remote system recovery services


A data storage library includes a storage section having a plurality of storage slots, a media drive, a guide member proximate the plurality of storage slots, and a pair of media transport assemblies slidably coupled to the guide shaft for transferring data storage media between the storage slots and the media drive. The data storage library is designed so that if one of the media transport assemblies fails, it goes to an end of the guide member and the other media transport assembly continues processing data request.

This invention relates to the field of data storage, and more specifically to automated data storage libraries.
Businesses are creating and using increasing amounts of data. For instance, the explosive growth of data-intensive applications such as Internet site development, computer-aided design, and data warehousing of inventory, customer lists, and orders or sales, is forcing companies to increase their data storage every year. Data storage systems for holding very large amounts of data are becoming more important.
One such storage system is a data storage library. Data storage libraries are automated systems which combine robotics with software applications to automate data storage functions such as loading and unloading data media cartridges in and out of media drives. Data storage libraries usually include a storage section for holding various data storage media such as magnetic tapes and magnetic and optical disks, a media drive for reading and writing to the data storage media, and an electromechanical transport assembly for moving or swapping the media between the storage sections and the media drives.
Present data storage libraries can be improved. One problem with present storage systems is the speed of data transfer and media swap time. As data libraries get larger, they naturally require more and more time to process a data request. This can negatively affect the speed of the whole computer system. Another problem is unreliability in the event of failure of a transport assembly or other part of the data storage library. Another problem is being able to fit a large amount of data storage media within a given envelope of space.
In light of these and other needs, methods and systems have been devised for providing a faster and more reliable data storage library. In one embodiment, a data storage library includes a storage section having a plurality of storage slots, one or more media drives, a guide member proximate the plurality of storage slots, and a pair of media transport assemblies slidably coupled to the guide shaft for transferring data storage media between the storage slots and the media drive. The data storage library is designed so that if one of the media transport assemblies fails, it goes to an end of the guide member and the other media transport assembly continues processing data requests.
Another aspect provides a data storage library wherein the guide member is rotatably coupled to a housing and rotates the first and/or second media transport assembly to a storage slot of one of multiple storage sections.
In another aspect, the first and second media transport assemblies both include a first section slidably coupled to the guide shaft and a section rotatably coupled to the first section, and wherein the second section rotates to direct the first and/or second media transport assembly to a storage slot of one of multiple storage sections.
Among other advantages, these embodiments provide increased capacity, reliability, and speed for data storage libraries.

Data storage library having dual media transport assemblies


Mailbox comprising at least two compartments, a first compartment for receiving letters and a second compartment for receiving packages, each compartment comprising a respective access door, first locking means being provided for locking the door of the first compartment and second locking means being provided for locking the door of the second compartment, wherein the arrangement is such that the unlocking of the door of the second compartment locked by the second locking means is made by the unlocking of the door of the first compartment locked by the first locking means.

It is already known in the prior art mailboxes having two compartments, for example in US patent application 2009/0084836. The two compartments each have an access door and a respective distinct lock. Furthermore, a trap door allows passage between the two compartments, the trap door opening itself when the door of the first compartment has been opened and closed again in succession. The user(s), in particular the owner and the postman, in order to have access to the two compartments, operate(s) each lock independently of the other, so as to have access to the compartments. Also, only the registered courier companies having a master key, for example the Post Office, can deposit packages.


Methods of synthesizing platinum-nickel-alloy nanoparticles and supported catalysts comprising the nanoparticles are provided. The methods may comprise forming a reaction mixture in a reaction vessel; heating the reaction mixture sealed in the reaction vessel to a reaction temperature; maintaining the temperature of the reaction vessel for a period of time; cooling the reaction vessel; and removing platinum-alloy nanoparticles from the reaction vessel. The reaction mixture may comprise a platinum precursor, a nickel precursor, a formamide reducing solvent, and optionally a cobalt precursor. In some embodiments the reaction temperature is at or below the boiling point of the formamide reducing solvent, such as from about 120° C. to about 150° C., for example. The platinum-alloy nanoparticles provide favorable electrocatalytic activity when supported on a catalyst support material.

The noble metal platinum commonly is used in fuel-cell cathodes as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR). However, the need for large amounts of costly platinum remains an economic hindrance in the development of fuel cells for large-scale implementations such as in automobiles, for example. Fuel-cell catalysts typically comprise nanoparticles of platinum or of catalytically active platinum alloys. The nanoparticles may be supported on a material such as carbon.
To reduce the amount of platinum required in fuel cells, catalysts may be developed to have higher platinum mass activities. The platinum mass activity is a function of electrocatalytic activity per mass amount of platinum, irrespective of the presence of other metals in the catalyst. As such, in comparing a pure-platinum catalyst (100% platinum) and a platinum-alloy catalyst (less than 100% platinum) having all other physical and catalytic properties identical and being loaded to the same amount onto a catalyst support, the platinum-alloy catalyst may have a higher platinum mass activity than that of the pure-platinum catalyst. In this regard, binary and ternary platinum-nickel alloys and platinum-cobalt alloys are of particular interest.
Increased platinum mass activity of a given platinum-alloy nanoparticle catalyst can be attained, for example, through control of the composition, shape, and particle size of the nanoparticles used for the catalyst. With particular regard to shape, it has been recognized that catalytic activity of certain platinum alloys may be enhanced when the catalytic surface has a (111)-orientation, as opposed to a (100)-orientation. However, common synthetic methods for platinum-alloy nanoparticles typically lead to spherical nanoparticles. Attempts at preparing platinum-alloy nanoparticles with (111)-faceted surfaces have involved high reaction temperatures (above 500° C.), undesirable reagents such as toxic solvents or reagents, and/or very powerful reducing agents, and/or time-consuming and expensive plasma surface-treatments to clean the particle surfaces. Ongoing needs exist for efficient methods to produce platinum-alloy nanoparticles with increasing catalytic activity.

Synthesis of platinum-alloy nanoparticles and supported catalysts including the same


A system for detecting a person relative to a passenger conveyor includes a driving circuit for supplying an oscillating drive signal to a first electrode of a capacitive sensor configured to produce an electric field toward a second electrode in response to the oscillating drive signal. A detection circuit is connected to the capacitive sensor, and produces an output as a function of the capacitance of the capacitive sensor, such that the detection circuit senses a change in capacitance of the capacitive sensor, such as when a person enters the electric field between the first and second electrodes. A controller is responsive to the change in capacitance sensed by the detection circuit to selectively adjust an operation mode of the passenger conveyor.

The present invention relates generally to passenger conveyors and, more particularly, to systems for detecting a person's position relative to the passenger conveyor.
Passenger conveyors, such as escalators and moving walkways, are used to efficiently convey passengers from a first location to a second location. A typical escalator comprises a plurality of moving steps that are linked together and attached to chains that travel over a pair of sprockets at each end of the escalator, one of which is driven by a machine. A balustrade flanks each side of the moving steps, and each balustrade includes a moving handrail that moves simultaneously with the steps. A typical moving walkway contains many of the same components as the escalator, except that the walkway is substantially flat rather than inclined and uses pallets instead of steps.
Passenger sensing systems have been used to either cease or trigger operation of the passenger conveyor for safety reasons, maintenance reasons, or energy-cost savings. Typically these passenger sensing systems have used multiple sensors at the entrance and exit gates or along the length of the passenger conveyor in order to detect whether there is a person approaching the entrance and exit gates or riding on the passenger conveyor. These sensors have been optical sensors, infrared sensors, piezoelectric sensors, or RF transmitters. Because the number of sensors required increases as the length of the passenger conveyor increases, these systems can be prohibitively expensive to install and maintain.

Detection of people relative to a passenger conveyor with a capacitive sensor


Various embodiments provide summarization techniques that can be applied to blogs or microblogs to present information that is determined to be useful, in a shortened form. In one or more embodiments, a procedure is utilized to automatically acquire a set of concepts from various sources, such as free text. These acquired concepts are then used to guide a clustering process. Clusters are ranked and then summarized by incorporating sentiment and the frequency of words.

A great deal of public opinion is expressed via the World Wide Web. Often times, these opinions are expressed in so-called blogs or microblogs. A blog (short for "web log"), is typically used to provide commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or videos. Microblogging is a broadcast medium in the form of blogging and differs from a traditional blog in that its content is typically smaller in both actual and aggregate file size.
Blogs or microblogs can typically contain a great deal of information. This information can be of interest to many different individuals. Yet, because of the vast number of blogs or microblogs, this information can often be obscured or lost altogether.


A directional drilling apparatus using a water hammer unit according to the present invention includes a hammer body in which a bit unit configured to perform boring work is installed to be movable upward and downward at an end portion of the hammer body, a piston slidably installed on the hammer body and including an operating fluid discharge part formed in a longitudinal direction, a drive unit installed between the hammer body and the piston to support an upper portion of the piston and configured to move the piston upward and downward using water supplied through a rod connected to the hammer body, a hammer unit including a rotary shaft coupled to a bit by a first coupling part so as to transmit a rotational force in a state in which the hammer unit passes through the piston installed on the hammer body and is moved upward or downward by the bit, and a mud motor unit coupled to the hammer body and configured to rotate the rotary shaft.

Generally, "drilling" means to drill a relatively small diameter hole in the earth's crust so as to understand a structure or characteristics of a stratum and is performed to acquire various knowledge or to obtain petroleum, natural gas, a hot spring, groundwater, or the like. The drilling depth and the diameter of a borehole vary according to the purpose of use.
According to drilling methods, drilling works are classified into a point-the-bit method in which a drilling direction is changed by changing a direction of a drill bit, a push-the-bit method in which a drilling direction is changed by pushing a housing of a drill part from a wall surface, a whipstock method in which a drilling direction is changed by inserting an auxiliary unit having an inclination in a specific direction, and a jetting method in which a drilling direction is changed by shooting muddy water only in a specific direction to weaken the ground. Such a method of changing a drilling direction is performed by applying a driving force in a lateral direction to provide directivity when an excavation is performed, by changing only a direction of a drill shaft to change the direction, or by adjusting a discharge direction of muddy water. Such a method facilitates precise control of a drilling direction.
Particularly, cable laying and ground survey of the construction industry and the mining sector and drilling investigation used for designing and constructing tunnels and various structures are performed by boring in a vertical or horizontal direction or at a preset and predetermined angle, and thus a drilling direction, a drilling angle, and a correct orientation need to be measured.
In a case in which a metal material having uniform isotropy is drilled during a drilling process, an error is not large, but in a case in which a rock including various materials and having anisotropy is drilled, an error and a deviation of a drilling direction are relatively large, and in a case in which a rock has cracks and joint fractures, an error and a deviation of a drilling direction are more serious.
In addition, when drilling is performed using the above-described conventional drilling methods, there is a problem in that a drilling speed for boring is relatively low.
In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 05-25998 (Feb. 2, 1993), a direction control method and a direction control apparatus for an excavator are disclosed. The disclosed method and apparatus use a shield body including a head and a tail flexibly connected to a rear portion thereof and control a drilling direction of an excavator using a light beam oriented along a reference line such as a projected line of a terminal to be built.
However, such a conventional direction control method for an excavator may perform direction control using a light beam oriented along a reference line, but, in a case in which the ground is weak and collapsed, excavation work may not be performed smoothly.
Meanwhile, in an excavation apparatus for drilling the ground, one rod among rods connected to each other is installed on a head of a boring apparatus and a hammer apparatus is installed on an end portion of the rod for oil drilling, gas drilling, tunnel boring, construction for underground cabling, underground heat source development, groundwater development, and the like.
The hammer apparatus includes an air hammer using an air pressure according to an operating fluid, a water hammer using high pressure water, or the like. The air hammer uses an air pressure to operate a piston so as to provide hitting power for boring the ground, and drilling a relatively deep hole is difficult. In addition, in the case of the water hammer, since water serving as an incompressible fluid is used as an operating fluid, there are advantages in that hitting power may be high, and soil and rock fragments generated during a boring process may be simultaneously discharged when the provided fluid is discharged. However, when drilling work is performed at a certain inclination, there is a problem in that direction control is not easy.
In Korean Patent Registration No. 876450 and Korean Patent Registration No. 1300243, hammers driven using water are disclosed.

Directional drilling apparatus using water hammer unit


A computer system includes an accessible memory controller, an accessible cache controller, and circuitry for accessing the accessible memory controller and the accessible cache controller simultaneously. Certain preferred embodiments of the present invention also include a deassertable miss line, that is, a line which when deasserted indicates that the data was found in the cache and that the memory access should be cancelled.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to electronic digital data processing systems and, more particularly, to electronic digital data processing systems which include a cache memory as well as a main memory.
2. Description of Related Art
Improvements in data processing systems have generally been directed at the reduction of either the average time required to execute a given instruction or the cost of the equipment required to execute such an instruction. One design tradeoff which has typically been made is that of cost versus speed for units of memory for the storage of data. For example, tape memory is traditionally slower and less expensive than disk memory. Disk memory in turn is available in several types with the selection of any one type over another involving a cost/speed tradeoff. Disk memory is slower but less expensive than solid-state memory which itself is available in several types, the selection of which again involves a cost/speed tradeoff. Thus, it continues to be a need of the art to provide cheaper, faster memories or, failing that, to improve the efficiency of presently existing memory types. The present invention relates to an improvement of the second type. In particular, the invention involves apparatus and methods of operation for reducing the average time necessary for a host central processing unit (CPU) having an associated cache memory and a main memory to obtain stored data from either memory.
By way of background, it should be appreciated that computer systems are generally provided with more than one type of memory. Recognizing that the cost of a single fast memory would be prohibitive, computer designers have henceforth employed a variety of devices to hold data and instructions, the repository for each piece of information being selected based upon how urgently the information might be needed by the CPU. That is, in general, fast but expensive memories are used to store information the CPU might need immediately, and slower but less expensive devices are used to retain information for future use.
A multitude of memory and storage devices have heretofore been used in computer systems. Long-term storage is generally effected using disk and tape storage. Disk and tape implemented data storage are presently the slowest of all of the memory and storage devices in common use, and they are generally used to hold data and programs that are not in actual use by the processor. Moving information stored on disks and tape into the main memory requires a relatively long period of time, but this slowness is tolerable since the movement of data and instructions from disk and tape storage are infrequent and can be done without the full attention of the CPU.
Another memory device is a read-only memory or ROM. A ROM, with typical access times between 50 and 200 nanoseconds, retains its contents when the computer is turned off. The ROM memory typically holds start-up programs that prepare the machine for use.
Another memory device, most commonly used for a system main memory, is the RAM memory which is employed for storage of data and program instructions brought from disk or tape for immediate use by the CPU. The main memory usually comprises a number of dynamic RAM ("DRAM") chips. The processor can retrieve the contents of these DRAMs in about 100 nanoseconds, placing this type of memory alongside ROM in speed.
Yet another type of memory device is cache memory. Cache memory usually comprises a number of static RAM ("SRAM") chips. Cache memory is up to ten times faster than main memory and is designed to hold the operating instructions and data most likely to be needed next by the CPU, thereby speeding computer operation.
Finally, small amounts of memory within the CPU are called CPU memory or registers. Made of static RAM circuits optimized for speed, data registers within the processors are the fastest memory of all. A program register stores the location in memory of the next program instruction while an instruction register holds the instruction being executed and a general purpose register briefly stores data during processing.
Based upon the foregoing, it should be appreciated that it is known to those skilled in the art to include a cache memory configuration in a computer system to provide a place for fast local storage of frequently accessed data. A cache system intercepts each one of the microprocessor memory references to see if the address of the required data resides in the cache. If the data does reside in the cache (a "hit"), it is immediately returned to the microprocessor without the incurring wait states necessary to access main system memory. If the data does not reside in the cache (a "miss"), the memory address reference is forwarded to the main memory controller and the data is retrieved from main memory. Since cache hits are serviced locally, a processor operating out of its local cache memory has a much lower "bus utilization", which reduces system bus bandwidth requirements, making more bus bandwidth available to other bus masters. This is significant because, as is well known to those skilled in the art, the bus in the computer; that is, the communications channel between the CPU and the system's memory and storage devices is a principal bottleneck. Virtually all instructions and all data to be processed must travel this route at least once. To maximize system performance, it is essential that the bus be used efficiently.
As should be fully appreciated by those skilled in the art, the addition of a cache controller into a computer system is structured so as to separate the microprocessor bus into two distinct buses: the actual microprocessor bus and the cache controller local bus. The cache controller local bus is designed to look like the front end of a microprocessor by providing a cache controller local bus equivalent to all appropriate microprocessor signals. The system interconnects to this "micro-processor like" front end just as it would to an actual microprocessor. The microprocessor simply sees a fast system bus, and the system sees a microprocessor front end with a low bus bandwidth requirement. The cache subsystem is transparent to both. Transparency, in the data communications field, refers to the capability of a communications medium to pass, within specified limits, a range of signals having one or more defined properties. It should be noted that in such systems the cache controller local bus is not simply a buffered version of the microprocessor bus, but rather, is distinct from, and able to operate in parallel with, the microprocessor bus. Thus, other bus masters, that is, supervisory systems of one kind or another residing on either the cache controller local bus or the system bus, are free to manage the other system resources while the microprocessor operates out of its cache.
As previously stated, a cache memory system intercepts memory references and forwards them to system memory only if they "miss" in the cache. Many prior art U.S. patents are directed to various aspects of cache memories and methods of accessing memories which include a cache memory section including: U.S. Pat. No. 4,794,521 to Ziegler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,646,233 to Weatherford et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,780,808 to Moreno et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,736 to Ziegler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,195,342 to Joyce et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,370,710 to Kroft, U.S. Pat. No. 4,476,526 to Dodd, U.S. Pat. No. 4,070,706 to Scheuneman, U.S. Pat. No. 4,669,043 to Kaplinsky, U.S. Pat. No. 4,811,203 to Hamstra, U.S. Pat. No. 4,785,398 to Joyce et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,189,770 to Gannon et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 3,896,419 to Lange et al. The latter patent, U.S. Pat. No. 3,896,419 to Lange et al., entitled "Cache Memory Store in a Processor of a Data Processing System" discusses the "parallel" operation of a cache store and other requests for data information from the main memory. The patent specifically teaches, however, checking the cache store while signals are "readied" for the backup memory store. Further, Lange et al. specifically teach making the cache directory, the cache store, and the control logic therefor part of the central processor. With this type of structure, cache checking is completed before the regular main memory cycle is started, so that if a "hit" is made in the cache, the main memory cycle never leaves the processor. This type of system is wholly different from systems in which a main memory access signal is actually sent out on a bus "in parallel" with a cache memory access signal.
Based upon the foregoing, it should be appreciated that in computer systems heretofore constructed which include a cache, when a memory reference occurs the access is "looked up" in the cache, and only if the reference is not found (or "misses") in the cache is it turned into a signal sent out on a bus to system memory. This causes at least two problems. First, cache misses incur a cache look-up latency, and so take at least an extra clock period to go through an access cycle over a system without a cache. Moreover, it should be noted that with a poor hit rate a system with a cache could run slower than a system without a cache. Second, cache controller complexity and pin requirements are increased because the cache controller has to recreate a processor bus for the memory controller. Such complexity causes slower operation since bus re-creation also adds latency to the memory access on cache misses.

Processor that performs memory access in parallel with cache access


An electrical connector for a high voltage application. The connector may include a plug housing having a plurality of plug openings and a header housing have a plurality of header openings. The plurality of header openings may be matable with a respective plug opening. A plurality of sockets are insertable into each respective plug opening. A plurality of pins may be operable to be received by a corresponding socket. The plug housing and sockets may be configured to maintain a seal with the plug housing connected to and disconnected from the header housing.

Connectors are well known in the art for establishing electrical connection between electronic devices. Nearly every electrical system has one or more electrical connectors that enable the establishment of electrical connections between various portions of the system. Electrical connectors are also frequently used to provide electrical connection in high voltage, high current energy systems. Such connectors must operate with high reliability, and are often under severe environmental conditions. Some of the primary concerns associated with high voltage applications are the discharge of voltage along a path from the connection to the environment and voltage leakage at the connection.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,945,817, a connecting structure is disclosed for similar applications. However, the lug and gland connection disclosed may provide less than adequate contact area and poor sealing characteristics when unmated. When this connector is unmated, moisture can access the braided wire of the cable. This can lead to corrosion of the cable and possible capillary action.
It is desirable to provide an electrical connector for high voltage applications that maximizes the surface contact area, minimizes the amount of voltage discharge, simplifies the process involved in making the connector and establishing a connection, and maintains a sealed condition while mated as well as un-mated.


A user interface for navigating among screens on a personal computer. The screens, which include layers of a shell user interface and various locations within applications, are presented as pages. In addition, commands and help information of an application are presented as a web of command pages. To this end, a unit of measure, called a “place” is defined. In general, an application is a place, and separate documents within an application may also define a place. Separate command windows and dialog boxes within an application or a document typically do not define a place. Backwards navigation takes the user to the previous place, and forward navigation (if possible) takes the user to the next place. Because the underlying data for a page may change between an initial visit to a page and navigation back to the page, data objects and page code are maintained separately, and are combined only when a request for a page is made.

A contemporary operating system, such as Microsoft Corporation's Windows® 98 operating system, provides many different ways to navigate between and within applications on a computer. For example, existing user interfaces utilize double clicks, right clicks, menu pulls, OK buttons, close boxes, and the like to open and close applications, or dialog boxes within applications. If more than one application is opened, a user may be presented with multiple windows, which may become complex and is often difficult to understand for many users, particularly a novice user.
Another problem that users encounter is that it is often difficult to find documents that the user had previously accessed, or find the same point (e.g., menu or dialog) within an application that the user had previously reached. A closed document and/or application suddenly disappears from the screen, requiring that a user know its location or some other way to return to the application and/or document at a later time. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that so many documents and/or applications are launched from different locations. For example, links to applications and documents may be presented on the user's desktop. Also, the Start button provides navigation via a pop-up menu to applications and recent documents, and a task bar provides an icon for each currently running application. The various options for accessing recent documents and applications may not be logical for a user, which may make finding a particular recent document or application difficult and confusing.
Users also often have difficulty understanding how to navigate to commands within an application. For example, existing applications utilize icons on tool bars, menu pulls, dialog boxes, and the like to provide access to commands that are available for the application. A user often finds the large number of icons and pull-down menu options to be overwhelming. Many times, the symbols used on the icons are often not that suggestive of the function of the command. Moreover, for drop-down menus and dialog boxes, the commands are typically presented as one or more words that are often not sufficiently descriptive of the function provided by the command. To discover the function (or find the appropriate command button), a user may need to consult help information. The help information is provided in a separate dialog box and/or window, and finding the appropriate help topic about the command in question may be difficult. Navigating through all of these options may be complex, and a user may not be able to access, or may not even be aware of, a variety of commands available in an application.


An abnormal state detection device includes: an acquisition unit that acquires an image imaging a device that outputs an abnormal state using an LED; an analysis unit that analyzes the abnormal state of the device based on the light emission pattern of the LED in the image, and generates auxiliary information indicating the abnormal state based on the analysis result; and a display control unit that outputs the auxiliary information to a display unit.

A device disclosed in Patent Literature 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-018605) images an appearance of a detection target device using a monitoring camera and receives information for identifying a state of the device using a dedicated communication means. When an abnormality occurs in the device, it superimposes and displays information for identifying an abnormal state on an image of the device.

Abnormal state detection device, abnormal state detection method, and recording medium


In an interdental cleaning device comprising a brush and a holder, the brush being pivotably and replaceably disposed on the free end of the holder, and the holder consisting of two shells, it is provided with a view to advantageous pivotablility of the brush and defined stop positions being attained, accompanied with simple implementation in terms of plastics technology, that the brush comprises a ball of a ball and socket joint and that a socket of a ball and socket joint is formed by two socket members to be assembled and disassembled, one socket member at a time being formed on an end of a shell.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an interdental cleaning device comprising a brush and a holder, the brush being pivotably and replaceably disposed on the free end of the holder, and the holder consisting of two shells.
2. Background Art
A cleaning device of the generic type is known for instance from DE-U296 01 661.
In order for the brush to be pivotable in relation to the holder comparatively easily on the one hand, and having stable stop positions on the other hand so that the respective angle desired for the cleaning operation can be set between the brush and the holder, comparatively high demands are put on the bedding of the brush.


A writing instrument includes a barrel having a substantially cylindrical body, the cylindrical body having a finger gripping area and an outer circumferential recess portion provided around the finger gripping area, a writing medium advancing mechanism axially movably disposed within the barrel, an actuating member provided at the outer circumferential recess portion for actuating the writing medium advancing means, the actuating member being engaged with the writing medium advancing mechanism, and a finger gripping member provided around the circumferential recess portion of the cylindrical body, the finger gripping member having an opening, the actuating member being exposed externally through the opening of the finger gripping member.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a side knock-type writing instrument, e.g., a mechanical pencil or a ball-point pen, and more particularly to a side knock-type writing instrument provided with a finger gripping member for ensuring a user's comfortable gripping of a barrel of the writing instrument so as not to cause a user to be fatigued in use of the writing instrument.
2. Description of the Prior Art
This kind of side knock-type ball-point pen is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 19835/1995. Referring now to FIG. 1, the conventional ball-point pen comprises a barrel 1, a refill 3 axially movably disposed within the barrel 1, a first spring member 5 for urging the refill 3 into a retracted position, an actuating member 7 for- causing the refill 3 to be moved an extended position, a rotary cam mechanism 9 disposed within the barrel 1 and placed behind the refill 3, and a second spring member 11 having a resilience weaker than that of the first spring member 5. The barrel 1 has a head section 13 threadedly attached to a front end thereof, and an axially extending hole 15 formed in a potion of a wall of the barrel 1 which is adjacent the front end of the barrel 1. The refill 3 is provided with a spring clip 17. The first spring member 5 is disposed between the head section 13 of the barrel 1 and the spring clip 17. The actuating member 7 is axially movably received in the axially extending hole 15 and engaged with the refill 3. The rotary cam mechanism 9 includes a cam body 19 disposed within the barrel 1 so as to surround a rear end portion of the refill 3, a rotary element 21 mounted on the rear end portion of the refill 3 and disposed within the can body 19, and a cam bar 23 received in the cam body 19. The cam bar 23 has a first end portion and a second end portion. The first end portion of the cam bar 23 is engaged with the rotary element 21. The second end portion of the cam bar 23 extends in a rearward direction through a rear end of the cam body 19. The second spring member 11 is disposed between a stopper member 25 fitted in a rear end of the barrel 1 and the cam bar 23, whereby the cam bar 23 is always urged forward.
Indeed the prior art referred to in the above is effective in selectively retracting and extending a writing tip of the refill 3 by causing the actuating member 7 to be axially moved along the axially extending hole 15 of the barrel 1.
However, the conventional writing instrument is not provided with any finger gripping member, so that it will cause a user to be fatigued during prolonged writing by the writing instrument and it will be liable to slip off the user's fingers during the writing.
There is not yet proposed a side knock-type writing instrument which is provided with a finger gripping member. When a side knock-type writing instrument is provided with any finger gripping member, it is necessary to cause the finger gripping member to be attached to a barrel of the writing instrument such that movement of the finger gripping member relative to the barrel is prevented.


A combination of an in-line pressure sensor and a portable gauge head are arranged such that they can be quickly connected and disconnected together and apart for giving a quick pressure reading of the pressure sensed by the sensor. The in-line sensor is semi-permanently installed in a fluid system. The portable gauge head, during a given use, is releasably connected or coupled to the in-line sensor to detect a message signal given off by the in-line sensor and convert that message signal into a visible indication of the pressure sensed by the in-line sensor. After a given use, the portable gauge head is disconnected or de-coupled from the in-line sensor and is transported elsewhere either for use with another in-line sensor at a different location or else for storage between uses.

The invention relates to pressure gauges, and more particularly relates to a combination in-line pressure sensor and portable gauge head. The portable gauge head, during a given use, is releasably coupled to the in-line sensor to detect a message signal given off by the in-line sensor and convert that message signal into a visible indication of the pressure sensed by the in-line sensor. After a given use, the portable gauge head is decoupled from the in-line sensor and is transported elsewhere either for use with another in-line sensor at a different location or else for storage between uses.
An example utility for the combination in-line pressure sensor and portable gauge head in accordance with the invention includes, without limitation, a car refrigerant system for the passenger air conditioning. The installation in a car refrigerant system would comprise placement of one in-line pressure sensor at the low-pressure test-and-service valve-fitting and placement of another in-line pressure sensor at the high-pressure test-and-service valve-fitting of the refrigerant circuit of the car air conditioning system.
Accordingly, an inventive aspect here includes that pressure measurements can be taken at either the low- or the high-pressure test-and-service fitting without risking leaking any refrigerant at all to the atmosphere. The in-line pressure sensors remain semi-permanently installed in the refrigerant circuit. The portable gauge head is only brought to the scene whenever a user wishes to take a pressure measurement. The same gauge head can be used at either the high or the low side of the test-and-service valve-fittings. Indeed, the same gauge head can be used repetitively over and over to service any car that is outfitted with a pair of in-line sensors in accordance with the invention.
Thus it is another inventive aspect that a user of the combination in-line pressure sensor(s) and portable gauge head in accordance with the invention, is enabled to diagnose a car's refrigerant circuit without opening the circuit. The user need only possess a single gauge head to diagnose one car after another if the successive cars are configured with the in-line sensors in accordance with the invention.
A number of additional features and objects will be apparent in connection with the following discussion of preferred embodiments and examples.

Combination in-line pressure sensor and portable gauge head


A method and system for processing waste dries and reforms a sludge stream of the waste with a first reformed effluent stream to produce a gas effluent stream and a solids effluent stream. The gas effluent stream is reformed further to produce the first effluent stream, which is then directed back to the sludge stream.

The present invention relates to a process and system for drying organic-contaminated sludge prior to vitrification thereof. The process provides effective heat transfer and destroys organic constituents which can inhibit encapsulation through vitrification.
The effective disposal of hazardous/radioactive waste materials is a continuing problem for industry. These waste materials can take a variety of forms including combustible organic materials, or organic constituents. Many times the waste is in the form of a slurry or thick sludge which requires drying pretreatment. However, most conventional drying processes do not remove organic constituents, particularly those with low evaporation rates, or they remove but do not destroy the organic constituents. The presence of organic constituents in the vitrification process may reduce metallic ions and inhibit their encapsulation.
Early systems employed the use of incinerators to burn dried waste materials. These incinerators had problems associated with ashes, produced by incomplete combustion, entrained in the off-gas. These airborne ashes thus presented an environmental hazard if not properly treated by filtering systems. Also, problems existed with high amounts of noncombustible leachable inorganic constituents left behind in the ash.
Other systems utilized solidification with concrete, as generally taught, for example, by U.S. Pat. No. 4,504,317 to Smeltzer et al. entitled "Encapsulation of Boric Acid Slurries." Solidification with concrete, however, was in many cases undesirable due to the increase in waste volume and weight. Also, in many cases, the solids in the sludge would interfere with the concrete chemistry and cause weaknesses in the concrete.
Combination incineration-vitrification processes have also been employed to resolve problems associated with use of incinerators alone, as taught, for example, by U.S. Pat. No. 5,022,329 to Rackey et al. entitled "Cyclone Furnace For Hazardous Waste Incineration and Ash Vitrification" and U.S. Pat No. 4,666,490 to Drake entitled "Aqueous Waste Vitrification Process and Apparatus," both of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties herein. These systems entail high fuel and capital costs to provide an ash product to vitrify.
Encapsulation of waste in glass by vitrification is an extensively studied waste encapsulation process, and taught, for example by U.S. Patent No. 4,376,070 to Pope et al. entitled "Containment of Nuclear Waste;" U.S. Pat. No. 4,759,879 to Cadoff et al. entitled "Glass Former Composition and Method for Immobilizing Nuclear Waste Using the Same;" U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,435 to Sachse et al. entitled "Treatment of Radioactive Wastes;" and U.S. Pat. No. 5,416,251 to Lomasney et al. entitled "Method and Apparatus for the Solidification of Radioactive Wastes and Products Produced Thereby;" all of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties herein. However, the presence of combustible organic constituents and water in the waste decreases the viability of vitrification. The vitrification process expends energy to drive off the water, thus driving up the operating costs. Additionally, vitrifiers have a limited heat transfer area and cooling by water evaporation could provide freezing and conductivity problems in joule-heated vitrifiers. This could be designed around by increasing the size of the vitrifiers, but that would increase the capital cost of the vitrifiers. Further, the combustible organic constituents in the waste contribute to increasing the quantity and volume of the vitrifier off-gas stream, requiring a larger off-gas stream treatment facility at increased capital and operational costs. Additionally, the presence of reductive carbon sources in combination with the reducing conditions of most glass melts and with the elevated operating temperatures of the vitrification process results in the metallic ions in the waste being converted to metals via carbothermic reduction reactions. This creates a poor encapsulation in that the metals are not included as readily into the glass matrix as metallic ions, the metal concentration may be higher than the metal solubility concentrations, and the resulting glass product has poor leaching and strength performance.
It is therefore desirable to provide a processing waste method and system that a delivers low-water, low-organic constituents waste stream.

Integrated steam reforming operation for processing organic contaminated sludges and system

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A multi-band hybrid amplifier is disclosed for use in optical fiber systems. The amplifier uses Raman laser pumps and semiconductor optical amplifiers in series to produce a relatively level gain across the frequency range of interest. Multiple Raman pumps are multiplexed before coupling into the fiber. The Raman amplified optical signal may be demultiplexed and separately amplified by the SOAs before re-multiplexing. Gain profiles of the Raman pumps and the SOAs are selected to compensate for gain tilt and to alleviate the power penalty due to cross-gain modulation in the SOAs. The disclosed hybrid amplifier is especially useful in coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) systems.

Coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) has recently emerged as an inexpensive technology for transporting multiple wavelength channels on a single optical fiber over moderate distances. CWDM's low cost relative to dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is attributed to the fact that the CWDM spectrum is orders of magnitude sparser than a typical DWDM spectrum. The ITU standard for CWDM defines a maximum of 18 wavelength channels with a channel-to-channel wavelength separation of 20 nm. That large channel spacing permits a 13-nm channel bandwidth, which in turn makes possible the use of inexpensive CWDM optics and directly modulated, un-cooled semiconductor laser transmitters. In contrast, DWDM systems, with typical channel spacings of 0.8 or 0.4 nm, require tightly specified and controlled laser transmitters, since the laser wavelength must fall within a small fraction of a nanometer over the entire life of the laser (typically±0.1 nm for a system with 0.8-nm channel spacing). Their relatively small channel counts make CWDM systems the natural choice for transporting wavelengths at the edge of the network, where traffic is not highly aggregated as it is in the network core.
CWDM is considered an un-amplified technology since the large wavelength spread occupied by all channels in a typical commercial CWDM system (73 nm for a 4-channel system, 153 nm for an 8-channel system) cannot be accommodated by readily available low cost optical amplifiers. For example, inexpensive erbium-doped fiber amplifiers have an optical bandwidth of only about 30 nm. Being an un-amplified technology limits the reach of most commercial CWDM systems to approximately 80 km. That constraint could be overcome with the invention of a low-cost, broadband optical amplifier.
Although, in practice, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) are capable of amplifying as many as 4 CWDM channels per SOA, the trade-off between maintaining sufficient optical signal-to-noise ration (OSNR) and reducing gain saturation induced crosstalk reduces the dynamic range of pure SOA solutions while rendering them inadequate for systems with cascaded amplifiers.
Raman amplifiers have been tried in this application. A Raman amplifier is based on the nonlinear optical interaction between the optical signal and a high power pump laser. The gain medium may be the existing optical fiber or may be a custom highly non-linear fiber. A recently disclosed all-Raman amplifier covering the commercially-standard 8 CWDM channel wavelengths exhibited approximately 10 dB lower gain yet required 7 Raman pumps with widely varying pump powers, a total launched power over 1100 mW, and a custom highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) gain medium.
Several fiber network providers are currently either evaluating or deploying CWDM systems to reduce costs. All those who deploy CWDM will have situations that require extending reach. With present technology, their only solution will be to install an expensive regenerator to perform the following steps: 1) optically demultiplex the CWDM channels; 2) convert each optical channel to analog electrical signals; 3) amplify the analog electrical signals; 4) recover the system clock; 5) use a decision circuit to regenerate a re-timed digital electrical data stream from the analog data and the recovered system clock; 6) use this electrical data to drive a CWDM laser transmitter for each channel; and 7) multiplex the various CWDM wavelengths onto the common transmission fiber. All of those (steps 1-7) could be replaced by a single low-cost optical amplifier.
There remains a need for a cost-effective amplifier that is useful with commercially-available CWDM systems, while minimizing the above-described disadvantages.

Multi-band hybrid SOA-Raman amplifier for CWDM


A thermostatic integrated faucet includes a valve assembly having an upper valve body and a lower valve body defining a mixing chamber therein, the mixing chamber configured to receive hot water through a hot water inlet and cold water through a cold water inlet. The thermostatic integrated faucet further includes a diaphragm assembly fluidly coupled to the mixing chamber, a sensor operatively coupled to the diaphragm assembly, a thermostatic unit disposed within the mixing chamber of the valve assembly, and a cam shaft coupled to the thermostatic unit. The thermostatic unit is configured to control a water temperature within the valve assembly and the cam shaft configured to control a range of the water temperature within the valve assembly. In various embodiments, the thermostatic unit includes a wax actuator configured to engage with the cam shaft and a mixing shuttle coupled to the wax actuator.

The present application relates generally to a commercial touchless faucet including a thermostatic valve or anti-scald device disposed within the faucet body.
Existing touchless faucets include valves to control the mixture of hot and cold water delivered from the faucet. Some faucets also include a thermostatic valve structured to limit the maximum temperature of hot water entering the valve; however, existing designs do not permit control of the thermostatic element within the valve to customize temperature range of dispensed water. Furthermore, existing designs do not feature valve configurations wherein the thermostatic element is integrated within the water mixing mechanism.
It would be advantageous to provide an improved touchless faucet that includes an integrated, controllable thermostatic valve or anti-scald device disposed within the faucet body.

Commerical touchless sensor bath faucet with integral thermostatic valve


A virtualized backup storage application and a method for providing data protection are implemented by running a backup storage application on a virtualization layer of a computer platform. The virtualization layer presents to the backup storage application a normalized representation of a hardware subsystem of the computer platform, shielding the backup storage application from actual hardware devices of the computer platform. A storage device of the computer platform is used to store a raw data set and the backup storage application generates a backup data set of the raw data set. The backup storage application can replicate the backup data set to a virtualized archive of the computer platform and can also restore and recover the raw data set in the event it is lost, corrupted or otherwise destroyed.

1. The Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to data storage and back-up solutions for archiving data and recovering data. More particularly, embodiments of the invention relate to software, hardware, systems, and methods for providing data protection in a manner that provides for high efficiency archiving and portability.
2. The Relevant Technology
Virtualization is an abstraction layer that decouples the physical hardware of a computer from the operating system to deliver greater IT resource utilization and flexibility. Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines, with heterogeneous operating systems, to run in isolation, side-by-side on the same physical machine. Each virtual machine has its own set of virtual hardware (e.g., RAM, CPU, NIC, etc.) upon which an operating system and applications are loaded. The operating system sees a consistent, normalized set of hardware regardless of the actual physical hardware components.
Virtual machines are encapsulated into files, making it possible to rapidly, save, copy and provision a virtual machine. Full systems (fully configured applications, operating systems, BIOS and virtual hardware) can be moved, within seconds, from one physical server to another for zero-downtime maintenance and continuous workload consolidation.
In recent years, virtualization has become increasingly common due to the many advantages it offers. Typically, however, businesses, enterprises, and other entities committing to full virtualization in their computer networks are unable to achieve all the benefits of virtualization when it comes to their data backup and/or archive solution. For example, conventional computer networks are often backed up to a tape archive or virtual tape library ("VTL") via a backup server. Because tape archives are not virtualizable, the backup server is always tied to the tape archive. In other words, even if the backup server is virtualized, the backup server cannot be ported between physical servers due to the connection that must be maintained between the backup server and the tape archive. The problem persists with regard to VTLs as well. Consequently, there currently exists a need in the art for improved backup and archiving solutions in virtualized network environments.
The subject matter claimed herein is not limited to embodiments that solve any disadvantages or that operate only in environments such as those described above. Rather, this background is only provided to illustrate one exemplary technology area where some embodiments described herein may be practiced

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A dough divider is operable within a mixer bowl to divide the dough into preset weights (e.g., for bread, loaves, buns). A pendulum assembly has a retractable divider to cut a charge of dough, which is compressed by a piston. The charge of dough is expelled into a scaling die cylinder and causes a scaling die piston to be retracted until a preset weight of dough is in the scaling die cylinder. As the divider moves out of alignment with the scaling die cylinder, any excess dough is cut off and the preset weight of dough is then expelled by the scaling die piston.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an improved dough divider. The dough divider may be provided as an accessory of, or an attachment to, an existing dough mixer, or may be provided integrally with the dough mixer.
2. Prior Art
In medium to large bakeries, bread dough is produced by the following methods:
(A) Dough is mixed in a dough mixer, usually of the spiral beater type, where the dough is removed either by hand, by cutting it out of the bowl; or by removing the bowl, lifting the bowl several meters and inverting it to deposit the mixed dough into a chute or hopper of an automatic dough divider, where the dough is divided into portions. In some cases, the entire mixer is lifted and inverted to permit the dough to enter the divider hopper.
The divider works by means of a square or half-round piston drawing dough into a cavity by suction, the dough is then trapped in the cavity by a sliding knife blade. The trapped dough, which could weigh approximately two kilograms, is highly compressed and force into another cavity whereby as much air as possible is displaced from the dough. This pocket then moves away from the piston cutting off a set volume of dough, and because most of the air has been dispelled, the dough is therefore a set weight.
(B) In some instances, a pre-weighed large portion of dough is placed in one large cavity, whereby the dough is compressed by raising the platform on which it is placed, and the dough is then divided by means of a honeycomb arrangement of blades, thus cutting the dough into set portions. This machine is compact and relatively inexpensive to manufacture; however, dough portions still need to be pre-weighed, the dough must still be removed manually from the mixer before dividing, and the divider will only produce dough pieces weighing from 200-900 grams. As bread rolls require pieces weighing from 40 grams to 120 grams, a separate divider is required for rolls.
Typically, an automatic divider of the type discussed in (A) above, costs $AU30,000, while the dough divider of method (B) will typically cost approximately $AU12000-15000; and a divider for buns will cost a further $AU12000 approximately.