A combustor (3) includes: a fuel nozzle configured to inject fuel; a tubular body (24) having a tubular shape in which a combustion region through which combustion gas flows is formed inside, and in which a plurality of slits (50) are formed extending in the circumferential direction at intervals in the circumferential direction; and throttle pieces (60) which are fitted into the slits (50), project radially inward from the inner circumferential side of the tubular body (24), and have a throttle face that extends along the flow direction of the combustion gas as it extends from the radially outer side inward.

A combustor used for a gas turbine or the like includes a fuel nozzle for injecting fuel and a tubular body through which combustion gas generated by combustion of the fuel flows. In the case of a gas turbine, this combustion gas is used to drive the turbine connected to the rear stage of the combustor.
Here, to suppress formation (to promote a complete combustion) of unburned carbide such as CO, it is preferable that a circulating flow of the combustion gas be formed inside the tubular body. To form a circulating flow, an example in which an outlet throttle described in Patent Document 1 below is provided on the inner circumferential side of the tubular body is known, for example. The combustion gas that flowed through the inside of the tubular body from the upstream side toward the downstream side collides with the outlet throttle to change the flow direction and head toward the upstream side again. A circulating flow of the combustion gas is thereby formed inside the tubular body.
The combustor disclosed in the above-described Patent Document 1 includes a tubular body positioned on the upstream side and a transition piece connected to the tubular body at the downstream side thereof. The outlet throttle described-above is provided at the downstream end of the tubular body. Therefore, the inner circumferential side of the tubular body can also be easily accessed by separating the tubular body and the transition piece. Namely, it is possible to easily provide an outlet throttle even for a combustor which has already been assembled.

Combustor and method for improving combustor performance


Variously configured brackets, for displaying a flag and mountable to or integrally formed with a support member such as a helmet, are disclosed. One bracket includes an elongated cantilevered mast and a retention lip, the beam angled upwardly from the bracket and adapted to receive a sleeve formed along one edge of the flag inserted thereover and having a deflectable free end that is forced downwardly into captivated relation with the lip. Other brackets have a chamber and passage arrangement, respectively, for mounting a pole provided along one edge of the flag and passing the flag through the bracket. In one, the pole is parallel with and moved into a chamber at the rearward side of the bracket and the flag passed through a passage. In another, a chamber extends between the opposite lateral sides, the chamber and pole are coaxially aligned, the pole is inserted into the chamber, and the flag passed through the passage.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to apparatus for displaying, mounting, or otherwise orienting a flag, banner or like shaped piece of cloth, varying in size, and shape, on a flat or contoured surface, such as a snowmobile, curved fender of a vehicle or motorcycle, bicycle helmet, or any other type of hard protective shell, and more particularly to structure associated with the apparatus for mounting the flag. Even more particularly, the invention pertains to a bracket that has flag mounting structure integrally formed therewith and is adhered to a contoured surface, such as that of a helmet.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In many fields of endeavor, a need exists for flag attachment apparatus, which apparatus enables a flag to be displayed and seen by others. Broadly, the term flag encompasses a piece of cloth, varying in size, shape, color, and design, usually attached at one edge to a staff, or mast, or cord, and used as the symbol of a nation, state, or organization, as a means of signaling. The flag may also be a banner, or pennant and like item. In some applications, a flag is oriented to protrude from a vehicle part, such as a curved fender, and provide a visible warning of danger. In yet other applications, the flag protrudes from a cap or helmet, such as to enable third parties to locate a swimmer or skier, having fallen into the water or a snow bank. Further, the flag may display the symbol of a favored sporting team, be fanciful, be supportive of the national interest, such as by the use of the American flag, or make a political statement, such as during an election.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,104,644; 3,106,184; 3,213,823; and 3,217,690 illustrate apparatus for displaying and carrying a flag, such as atop the head of an individual. U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,345,051; 4,905,406; 5,903,925; and 6,616,294 illustrate headgear configured with structure for holding a specific device. Finally, U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,036,168 and 2,167,579 illustrate flagstaff structure.
While each of the above noted patents are believed to have been efficacious in achieving their intended purpose, it is appreciated that there is on ongoing need for improvements.


It is inter alia disclosed to receive a set of encoded audio parameters for an audio frame, wherein the set comprises indices representing at least two quantized line spectral frequency coefficients, wherein the audio frame when decoded comprises audio samples digitally sampled at a sampling frequency, wherein the sampling frequency is one of a plurality of sampling frequencies for an audio decoder; to convert the indices to the at least two quantized line spectral frequency coefficients; and to determine the sampling frequency for the audio frame by checking the value of a highest order quantized line spectral frequency coefficient of the at least two quantized line spectral frequency coefficients.

Audio signals, like speech or music, are encoded for example to enable efficient transmission or storage of the audio signals.
Audio encoders and decoders are used to represent audio based signals, such as music and background noise. These types of coders typically do not utilise a speech model for the coding process, rather they use processes for representing all types of audio signals, including speech.
Speech encoders and decoders (codecs) are usually optimised for speech signals, and can operate at either a fixed or variable bit rate.
Speech and audio codecs can also be configured to operate with varying bit rates. At lower bit rates, such a codec may work with speech signals at a coding rate equivalent to a pure speech codec. At higher bit rates, the codec may code any signal including music, background noise and speech, with higher quality and performance.
Speech and audio codecs can use linear predictive coding in order to efficiently represent short term correlations in the signal.
Speech and audio codecs typically realise Linear Predictive Coding by adopting an autoregressive (AR) filter to model the short term correlations in the signal. The coefficients of the filter are known as Linear Predictive (LP) coefficients where the number of coefficients is determined by the order of the AR filter.
The LP coefficients can be determined using linear predictive analysis. The analysis may be regularly performed on the input audio or speech signal for different instances of time, resulting in frequent updates to the set of LP coefficients.
LP coefficients are typically transformed to Line Spectral Frequencies (LSF) in order to facilitate the storage or transmission over a communication channel.
Variable bit rate speech and audio coding can use a varying number of LP coefficients when coding the input speech signal.
Furthermore a variable bit rate speech and audio codec also may support different bandwidths with the same number of LP coefficients.
For example, a variable bit rate speech and audio codec may vary the LPC coding order depending on the bandwidth or sampling frequency of the signal to be coded.
Alternatively, a variable bit rate speech and audio codec may code an audio signal sampled at any one of a number of sampling rates using the same or similar LPC coding order. Consequently any change to the LP coding order or sampling frequency is required to be signalled to the decoder, as this can result in a change in the mode of decoding.
Variable bit rate codecs can transmit the LP coding order or sampling rate in the form of an index flag as part of the coded bit stream.
However, transmission of the LP coding order or sampling rate incurs the penalty of additional bits in the encoded bit stream.

Method and apparatus for detecting audio sampling rate


A switching transistor is controlled to turn on or off depending on a turn-on voltage or a turn-off voltage applied to a gate signal line. A driver transistor is supplied with an image signal applied to a source signal line through a switching transistor. A voltage based on the supplied image signal is retained by a capacitor. The driver transistor supplies a light-emitting current to an EL element based on the voltage retained in the capacitor. A capacitor is formed between one terminal of the capacitor (that is, a gate terminal of the driver transistor) and a gate signal line. The capacitor causes the gate terminal voltage of the driver transistor to be varied depending on variation of the potential on the gate signal line.

Generally, active-matrix display apparatus display images by arranging a large number of pixels in a matrix and controlling the light intensity of each pixel according to a video signal. For example, if liquid crystals are used as an electrochemical substance, the transmittance of each pixel changes according to a voltage written into the pixel. Even with active-matrix display apparatus which employ an organic electroluminescent (EL) material as an electrochemical substance, the basic operation is the same as in the case of using liquid crystals.
In a liquid crystal display panel, each pixel works as a shutter, and images are displayed as a backlight is blocked off and revealed by the pixels or shutters. An organic EL display panel is of a self-luminous type in which each pixel has a light-emitting element. Consequently, the self-luminous type display panel such as an organic EL display panel has the advantages of being more viewable than liquid crystal display panels, requiring no backlighting, having high response speed, etc.
Brightness of each light-emitting element (pixel) in an organic EL display panel is controlled by an amount of current. That is, organic EL display panels differ greatly from liquid crystal display panels in that light-emitting elements are driven or controlled by current.
A construction of organic EL display panels can be either a simple-matrix type or active-matrix type. It is difficult to implement a large high-resolution display panel of the former type although the former type is simple in structure and inexpensive. The latter type allows a large high-resolution display panel to be implemented, but involves a problem that it is a technically difficult control method and is relatively expensive. Currently, active-matrix type display panels are developed intensively. In the active-matrix type display panel, current flowing through the light-emitting elements provided in each pixel is controlled by thin-film transistors (transistors) installed in the pixels.
Such an organic EL display panel of an active-matrix type is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-234683. An equivalent circuit for one pixel of the display panel is shown in FIG. 62. A pixel 16 consists of an EL element 15 which is a light-emitting element, a first transistor 11a, a second transistor 11b, and a storage capacitance 19. The light-emitting element 15 is an organic electroluminescent (EL) element. According to the present invention, the transistor 11a which supplies (controls) current to the EL element 15 is referred to as a driver transistor 11. A transistor, such as the transistor 11b shown in FIG. 62, which operates as a switch is referred to as a switching transistor 11.
The organic EL element 15, in many cases, may be referred to as an OLED (organic light-emitting diode) because of its rectification. In FIG. 62 or the like, a diode symbol is used for the light-emitting element OLED 15.
Incidentally, the light-emitting element 15 according to the present invention is not limited to an OLED. It may be of any type as long as its brightness is controlled by the amount of current flowing through the element 15. Examples include an inorganic EL element, a white light-emitting diode consisting of a semiconductor, a typical light-emitting diode, and a light-emitting transistor. Rectification is not necessarily required of the light-emitting element 15. Bidirectional diodes are also available. While the reference numeral 15 is described as an EL element, it is sometimes used as the meaning of an EL film or an EL structure.
In the example of FIG. 62, a source terminal (S) of the P-channel transistor 11a is designated as Vdd (power supply potential) and a cathode of the EL element 15 is connected to ground potential (Vk). On the other hand, an anode is connected to a drain terminal (D) of the transistor 11a. Besides, a gate terminal of the P-channel transistor 11b is connected to a gate signal line 17a, a source terminal is connected to a source signal line 18, and a drain terminal is connected to the storage capacitance 19 and a gate terminal (G) of the P-channel transistor 11a.
Incidentally, although it is stated herein that the transistor elements 11a which supply current used to drive the EL elements 15 are p-channel transistors, this is not restrictive and they may be n-channel transistors. Of course, the transistors 11 may be bipolar transistors, FETs, or MOSFETs. The board 71 is not limited to a glass substrate and may be a silicon substrate or metal substrate.
To drive the pixel 16, a video signal which represents brightness information is first applied to the source signal line 18 with the gate signal line 17a selected. Then, the transistor 11a conducts, the storage capacitance 19 is charged or discharged, and gate potential of the transistor 11b matches the potential of the video signal. When the gate signal line 17a is deselected, the transistor 11a is turned off and the transistor 11b is cut off electrically from the source signal line 18. The gate potential of the transistor 11a is maintained stably by the storage capacitance 19. Current delivered to the light-emitting element 15 via the transistor 11a depends on gate-source voltage Vgs of the transistor 11a and the light-emitting element 15 continues to emit light at an intensity which corresponds to the amount of current supplied via the transistor 11a.
Organic EL display panels are made of low-temperature polysilicon transistor arrays. However, since organic EL elements use current to emit light, there has been a problem that variations in the characteristics of the transistors will cause display irregularities.

Toshiba Matsushita Display Technology Co., Ltd.


The invention relates to a method for controlling braking of a vehicle (1), comprising a diesel engine (100) and an exhaust after treatment (EAT) system (200) for treating exhaust from said diesel engine (100), a set of ground engaging members (300), and a transmission (400) between said set of ground engaging members (300) and said diesel engine (100). The method comprises: —In response to a determined present engine speed being equal to or less than a current engine braking minimum limit speed: changing the gear ratio of said transmission (400) such that an updated engine speed is obtained, whereby a determined present engine speed is above said current engine braking minimum limit speed (S60), and—In response to the determined present engine speed being above said current engine braking minimum limit speed: engine braking so as to decrease said present engine speed (S70). The invention also relates to a computer program, a computer readable medium, a control unit, and a vehicle comprising a control unit.

Vehicles comprising diesel engines conventionally comprise an exhaust aftertreatment (EAT) system for treating exhaust from the engine in order to reduce pollutants, in particular pollutants such as particles (including soot) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
To this end, the exhaust aftertreatment system may comprise a number of different exhaust aftertreatment devices. Such devices may be a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), Urea or other reductant injection, a Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) catalyst, and/or an Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC). An exhaust aftertreatment device generally displays a preferred working temperature range within which the function of the aftertreatment device is sufficiently efficient.
However, during certain operating conditions of the engine, the temperature of the exhaust gases may be relatively low, meaning that the preferred working temperature range of one or more of the exhaust aftertreatment devices is not reached. Such operating conditions may in particular be low load situations and/or stop and go situations.
To overcome the problem with low exhaust gas temperatures during certain operating conditions, it has been proposed to warm the EAT system.
To determine the need for heating the EAT system, one or more sensors, e.g. temperature sensors may be arranged. Information from the sensors may be used to determine whether a need for heating the EAT system is present or not, and to form a request for heating the EAT system or not.
The heating of the EAT system may be performed in various manners. For example, an electric heater may be arranged adjacent the EAT system. However, it has also been proposed to increase the temperature in the EAT system by controlling the diesel engine cylinders.
EP 3 346 116 discloses a method to increase the temperature in the EAT system by partitioning the combustion engine cylinders into two subsets, where a first subset is active or fired, while the second subset is operated according to an engine brake operation. The method is used in response to a request to warm up an EAT system.
WO2017/127219 also relates to providing an engine wherein cylinders are selectively deactivated and reactivated while other cylinders selectively engine brake to manage thermal aspects.
Accordingly, it is known to heat the EAT system while engine braking, meaning that a braking situation for the vehicle may be used for accomplishing said heating. However, the use of engine braking is conventionally restricted. For example, engine braking is generally disabled for reasons of low comfort and/or risk of stalling the engine during certain operating conditions.
In view of the above, there is a need for an alternative method for braking a vehicle, which enables heating of the EAT system when requested.

Method for controlling the braking of a vehicle comprising a diesel engine