In the process of forming a through-hole or blind-hole at desired positions of a the substrate material, the present invention sets a drilling target position for each hole and a plurality of auxiliary drilling positions at a periphery of the drilling target position, and performs a plurality of drillings at the drilling target position and the plurality of auxiliary drilling positions. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of drillings are performed only at the auxiliary drilling positions per one hole at the desired position. According to the present invention, through-holes or blind-holes having several sizes of diameters can be formed by using one drilling jig under a single drilling condition. Accordingly, it is possible to efficiently produce circuit boards at low costs.

With a recent trend of reduction in size and an increase in density of electronic equipment, double-sided circuit boards or multi-layered circuit boards are increasingly employed in place of conventional single-sided circuit boards in the field of circuit boards on which electronic components are mounted. Also, high-density circuit boards capable of mounting as many circuits as possible thereon are being developed.
As for the high-density circuit boards, design rules for circuits are becoming stringent and are requiring finer processing techniques for forming the circuits as compared with the conventional circuit boards. Regarding the multi-layered circuit boards, progress is continuously made for the development of interstitial circuit connection, through-hole and via-hole positioning techniques, and fine-pitch interstitial connection techniques.
However, as the design rules for circuits are becoming increasingly stringent, the sizes of circuit patterns, diameters of through-holes or via-holes in circuit boards, and the values of allowable applied current are becoming increasingly smaller.
In the case of an ordinary electronic circuit, the values of current flowing in each component in the circuit vary and, for example, large current values are required for power supply circuits. Although the value of current flowing in a signal circuit or the like is very small, the design rule for the circuit is required to be finer because of circuit complications and requirements for a reduction in size of electronic equipment.
Thus, in the present circuit boards, it is required to form circuit patterns through-holes or via-holes ranging from a large size to a small size in one sheet of a circuit board.
In an ordinary circuit board, a paste printing method or a photolithography method is employed for forming circuit patterns. Accordingly, it is not too difficult to form circuit patterns ranging from a large size to a small size together.
However, in forming through-holes or via-holes which have different diameters, it is necessary to use a drilling machine having multiple axes in which drills of different diameters can be used during a drilling operation. Also, in the case of drilling by using a laser beam, it is necessary to adopt a plurality of machining conditions for each of the diameters or to control the diameters by spiral scanning of the laser beam. Further, in a case of a laser process using an image transfer method, it is necessary to use a plurality of masks having a plurality of diameters, and the machine configuration becomes complicated, thereby preventing high speed machining and increasing the cost of manufacturing.
Also, data by which the finishing coordinate position in the substrate is indicated to the drilling machine is usually called NC data which is stored in paper tape, electronic medium or the like. The data becomes complicated and increased in quantity when the sizes of diameters increase, thereby requiring much more time for preparation of the data.
In the production of circuit boards, a plurality of circuit boards are arranged within a standard work size, and a tool pattern used in the manufacturing process is located at the periphery of the work size. The tool pattern includes test patterns for monitoring the board characteristics and guide marks for positioning the board in the manufacturing process.
Also, positioning marks and the like for mounting electronic components on the circuit board are often formed on the circuit boards.
However, although it is not necessary to miniaturize such guide marks at the same level as for higher-density circuit boards, it is convenient for the marks to have a specific size appropriate for their recognition.
For example, when via-holes for interstitial connection are formed in the substrate material by using a laser beam, currently available techniques are able to manufacture holes having minimum diameters ranging from 80 to 50 μm for extra-high-density circuit boards. However, if guide marks or the like are formed in such diameters, it is difficult to recognize the mark positions and, therefore, guide marks or the like are usually formed in diameters of 200 μm or more. To achieve the purpose, an exclusive machine and machining system for forming fine holes are employed to make holes with large diameters for guide marks, causing losses with respect to the time and cost.
In a high-density circuit board, it is necessary to make hundreds of thousands of fine holes per square meter and, thus, tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of holes for via-holes are formed per sheet of a work size.
On the other hand, only about several tens of holes per sheet of a work size are formed for guide marks. Thus, there arises a problem of a decrease in a drilling efficiency because of the operation required for making a small number of guide mark holes having large diameters.
In order to address such a problem, the present invention is intended to provide a method of manufacturing a circuit board and manufacturing data by which both fine holes and large holes can be efficiently formed by using one drilling system.

Circuit board production method and circuit board production data

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A method for measuring mechanical parameters of a multilayer composite thin film structure and belongs to the technical field of online tests of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS for short) material parameters. Equivalent Young modulus and equivalent residual stress of each layer of the multilayer composite thin film structure can be obtained in one step by means of solving an equation set on the basis of a relationship between first-order resonance frequency of multilayer composite fixed-fixed beams and multilayer composite cantilever beams and parameters such as material characteristics and structure size, the online test of multilayer thin film materials can be realized, the test structure and calculating method are simple, and the accuracy is higher. The present invention further discloses a device for measuring mechanical parameters of the multilayer composite thin film structure.

The full name of MEMS is micro-electro-mechanical system which is also known as micro-electro-mechanical system, micro-system, micro-machine, etc., it refers to a high-tech device with a size of several millimeters or even smaller size, its internal structure is generally at a magnitude of micron or nanometer, and it is an independent intelligent system. An MEMS mainly consists of three major parts, i.e., a sensor, an actuator and a micro-energy source. The micro-electro-mechanical system involves many disciplines and engineering technologies, such as physics, semiconductor, optics, electronic engineering, chemistry, material engineering, mechanical engineering, medicine, information engineering and biological engineering, and opens up a wide range of applications in the fields of intelligent systems, consumer electronics, wearable devices, smart home, synthetic biology of system biotechnology and microfluidic technology. Common products include MEMS accelerometers, MEMS microphones, micro-motors, micro-pumps, micro-oscillators, MEMS pressure sensors, MEMS gyroscopes, and MEMS humidity sensors.
With the development of the MEMS technology, a variety of micro-mechanical components, such as micro-cantilever beams and micro-bridges, have been made by adopting surface micro-machining technology and bulk silicon processing technology. Because of small size, these micro-mechanical components are often regarded as thin film structures in macroscopic view. There are considerable differences between their mechanical behaviors and macroscopic bulk mechanical materials. The mechanical properties of these micro-mechanical components cannot be measured by adopting the mechanical parameters of the macroscopic mechanical materials we are familiar with. The mechanical properties of thin film materials are quite different from those of bulk materials with the same chemical compositions. Various traditional mechanical property test techniques and equipment cannot be directly used to test thin film materials. Therefore, it is especially important to control the mechanical parameters of thin film materials (e.g., residual stress, Young modulus, fatigue strength, fracture strength and Poisson modulus) in the processing of surface micro-machined structures. In the field of MEMS, the research and test of mechanical properties of thin films are becoming a new research hotspot, which have aroused the interest of researchers in microelectronics, mechanics, physics, materials and other fields.
For many kinds of materials, especially crystalline materials in the formation of thin films, thin beams and other structures, under different processing conditions, even the same materials often show distinct different material characteristics. Similarly, even if the same process is adopted, different thermal parameters shown in different production environments are obviously different, and thus different mechanical parameters, such as density, Young modulus, residual stress and so on are shown. However, if the above-mechanical parameters are known, some static or dynamic responses of sensors and actuators can be easily estimated from other measured parameters. Therefore, online monitoring of mechanical parameters of thin film structures is of a great significance to MEMS devices.
On the one hand, because of the relatively small size, it is difficult to measure the material parameters of thin films using classical macroscopic characterization technique. On the other hand, CMOS MEMS devices often use multilayer thin film structures, but it is not easy to apply the existing methods for measuring the mechanical parameters of single-layer thin films to the measurement of parameters of multilayer thin film materials. Therefore, the establishment of process compatible online test structures and test methods for mechanical parameters of multilayer thin films is of a great significance to monitoring the mechanical properties of the materials, predicting and optimizing the performance of the products, and ensuring the reliability, uniformity and long-term stability of the products.
The existing methods for measuring Young modulus of thin film materials include nano-indentation method, electrostatic absorption method, bubbling method, etc. However, the nano-indentation method will damage the film; the electrostatic absorption method, after many measurements, will cause measurement errors because of electrostatic accumulation, and it is only suitable for measuring conductive materials; the bubbling method requires high flatness and roughness of the worktable, and the bonding quality between the film components and the worktable directly affects the success of the test.
The Chinese invention patent CN101493389 discloses a method for online measurement of Young modulus of MEMS thin films based on a resonance frequency method. In this method, a circular MEMS thin film with a fixed center is fabricated. The anchor area of the thin film is fixed on the planar substrate. The Young modulus of the thin film material is calculated by measuring the resonance frequency of the MEMS circular thin film. The invention is mainly applicable to single-layer thin films, but the market demand for the measurement of multilayer thin film materials is increasing, and the extraction of mechanical parameters of single-layer thin film materials cannot be directly applied to multilayer thin films.

Method and device for measuring mechanical parameters of multilayer composite thin film structure


The present invention relates to methods of diagnosing cancerous conditions in a patient, as well as methods of monitoring the progression of a cancerous condition and/or methods of monitoring a treatment protocol of a therapeutic agent or a chemotherapeutic regimen. The invention also relates to assay methods used in connection with the diagnostic methods described herein.

Challenges in the field of oncology include the lack of efficient means for early cancer detection and for specific cancer subtyping, which are needed for effective and specific diagnosis, targeted therapy and prognosis. The need for identification of appropriate serum biomarkers for detection of breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers has been the impetus behind many initiatives targeting the early detection of biomarker development and the assessment of emerging technologies in this area, which are each important for development of suitable early cancer detection screening tests to reduce the mortality associated with these cancers in women.


A computer display has a display processor connected to a presentation space buffer and a screen buffer. The presentation space buffer is larger than the screen buffer, and is divided into a plurality of partitions. Each partition has a partition window which maps into the screen buffer. If a partition is active, its associated partition window is written into the screen buffer at the mapped location. The screen buffer periodically refreshes the display screen, so a plurality of partition windows are displayed to the computer user. One or more scroll groups can be defined, and one or more partitions can be assigned to each scroll group. Each defined scroll group has a vertical scroll trigger and a horizontal scroll trigger. The display monitors the movement of the cursor within a partition window. When the cursor gets close enough to a boundary of a partition window, to trigger a scroll trigger, the display shifts the partition window within its partition and writes this updated partition window into the screen buffer. Updated partition windows are written into the screen buffer for the other partitions in the scroll group.

A computer system is comprised of many hardware and software components that work together to perform tasks requested of it by a computer user. Many of these components are never seen by a user, and most users don't know or care what function they perform. The computer display, however, is probably the most visible component of the computer system, as it is the usual interface between user and machine.
Although computer users may be tolerant of substandard performance in the computer components they don't see, they are far less tolerant of substandard performance in components they do see, such as the computer display. For example, when computer users work with a word processing program, they want to be able to enter text as quickly as they can type without having to wait for the display to catch up with them. Likewise, when they press a key on the keyboard, such as "enter", "page up" or "page down", they want the display to respond quickly and efficiently so they do not have to wait.
If they have to wait for the computer display to perform a seemingly simple task, like scrolling to the next page, they can become frustrated, and often take out their frustration by punching the keyboard (which can damage the keyboard) or punching the screen (which can damage the hand).
Although this problem exists in standalone "smart" displays, such as personal computers, this problem is exasperated if the computer display is a fixed function display connected to a workstation controller. Fixed function displays are often called "dumb" displays, since these displays merely display the data that is sent to them by the workstation controller, and have little if any smarts of their own. For example, every time the user of a fixed function terminal wants to scroll to a new page, the workstation controller must transmit the new page of data to the display. Since the workstation controller often controls several fixed function displays that are making simultaneous requests for new data, a particular computer user may have to wait for the workstation controller to service his fixed function display. This delay can be quite perceivable and annoying if the workstation controller is busy. Delays are also caused in transmission between the workstation controller and the display especially if the workstation controller is a long distance away from the display, or is remotely attached via telephone lines.

Display with enhanced scrolling capabilities

International Business Machines Corporation


A storage unit includes an alarm state/timer table, an alarm state table, an alarm state OR-representation table, an alarm state change OR-representation table, an alarm state latch circuit, and a statistical information memory. A collection unit extracts the identifier and data from a cell that passes through a switching unit. An update unit updates associated data in the storage unit. A readout unit reads the updated data and sends it to a call processing processor. An address generation section selectively generates the address for data needing to be updated. An adjustment section forces the readout unit to wait until a cell slot arrives in which no data is updated.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information collection device and method, used with a communications network for transmitting cells containing data, and for collecting information for each connection which is set up on the communications network. More particularly, the present invention relates to an information collection device and method for collecting information on the states and characteristics of connections in a communications network using the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) switching technology.
2. Description of the Related Art
ATM switching, which constitutes the nucleus of broadband ISDNs (Integrated Services Digital Networks), that are the next generation of communications networks, is a technology that transfers all information in packets of a set length, called cells, over a communications network and enables high-speed information transfer.
In an ATM network, a VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) or VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) in the header of a cell to be transmitted specifies a virtual connection (ATM connection) to which that cell belongs and the cell routing control is performed for each ATM connection.
ATM connections include VP connections identified by VPIs and VC connections identified by VPIs and VCIs.
A communications network utilizing the ATM switching technology has, as one of its important functions, an OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance) function of supervising failures in the network and/or monitoring the performance of the network. Cells that carry the OAM information on the ATM network are referred to as OAM cells.
OAM cells used to supervise network failures include AIS (Alarm Indication Signal) cells and RDI (Remote Defect Indication) cells. The AIS cells or RDI cells are generated in the event that a failure occurs in the protocol ATM layer.
For example, in the AIS-cell-based supervision of ATM layer failures, the transition from the alarm to the defective state will occur when a single AIS cell is received. Return is made to the normal state when no alarm cell is received for three seconds in succession or when a user cell is received. In the latter case, the user cell serves as a cell which makes a recovery from the alarm state to the normal state. It is required to notify a call processing processor in the ATM switching unit of whether the alarm state is either in the failed state or the normal state.
OAM cells used to monitor the network's performance include PM (Performance Management) cells. ATM-network data collection devices for measuring the characteristics of ATM-connections include ATM-connection quality measuring devices and ATM-cell accounting devices.
The ATM-network data collection device, which measures the characteristics of ATM cells coming in or going out from the ATM switching unit, determines the cell characteristics from cells coming in the collection device and updates statistical information. The collection device has a function of transferring the contents of the statistical information to the call processing processor when so requested by it.
The ATM connection quality measuring device collects information about the number of discarded cells, the number of passing cells, the number of bit errors, etc., to make measurement of the quality of ATM connections. The ATM cell accounting device counts the number of cells coming into the ATM switching unit and the number of cells discarded in the switching unit for each ATM connection.
In FIG. 1, which illustrates, in block diagram form, a conventional ATM network data collection device, a connection identification circuit 1 detects connection identifiers corresponding to addresses of network data to be updated in a statistical information memory 7 from incoming cells. A network data collection circuit 3 collects or computes data used for updating from the incoming cells.
The statistical information memory 7 retains network data. A network data update circuit 6 adds network data stored in that address in the statistical information memory 7 which is indicated by the connection identification circuit 1 and an output of the network data collection circuit 3 at the time a cell arrives.
A processor interface circuit 2 reads the contents of the statistical information memory 7 in response to a data readout request by a line control processor or call processing processor. An address selector 4 selects either of outputs of the connection identification circuit 1 and the processor interface circuit 2 as an access address in the information memory 7. A data selector 5 selects either of outputs of the network data update circuit 6 and the processor interface circuit 2 as data to be written into the statistical information memory 7.
FIG. 2 shows a configuration of the statistical information memory 7 when the ATM network data collection device of FIG. 1 is adapted to count the number of passing cells for each VPI by way of example. In the memory of FIG. 2, information on the number of passing cells for which VPI=i is stored in the address i.
Upon receipt of an incoming cell, the connection identification circuit 1 latches its VPI. At this point, the address selector 4 selects the output of the connection identification circuit 1, whereby the number of passing cells is read from that address in the memory 7 which is indicated by the VPI output from the connection identification circuit.
The network data update circuit 6 increments the number of passing cells read from the memory 7 by one and then writes the result into the memory 7 via the data selector 5.
When the processor interface circuit 2 receives a request for readout by the line control processor or call processing processor, it creates a read address. At this point, the address selector 4 selects the output of the processor interface circuit 2, so that the number of passing cells is read from the memory 7. The processor interface circuit 2 then sets the number of passing cells to zero and writes it into the memory 7. Thereby, the information on the number of passing cells read from the memory is cleared to zero (zero clear function).
Thus, the conventional ATM network data collection device is required to make four types of accesses to the statistical information memory 7: the reading out of statistical information at the arrival of a cell, the writing in of updated statistical information, the reading out of statistical information when a processor makes a request for information readout, and the clearing of statistical information to zero
In the conventional ATM network data collection device, in order to avoid the competition between a memory update request at the arrival of a cell and a memory readout request by the call processing processor, the interval of time during which one cell passes (one cell slot) is generally divided into four subintervals (subslots) as shown in FIG. 3. In each subslot, a corresponding one of the four types of memory accesses is made.
A device that supervises alarm cells (AIS cells, RDI cells) is essential for the spread of the broadband ISDN. However, there is no precedent for such a device. Therefore, it is required to provide a device which uses predetermined transition conditions to manage the alarm state and to notify the call processing processor in the ATM switching unit.
For that purpose, it is required to provide a memory which holds an alarm state for each ATM connection and a memory which holds timer values by counting an alarm cell non-receiving interval of three seconds that is a condition for recovery from the alarm state, which will increase the amount of memory hardware required.
To measure each non-receiving interval accurately, the pulse unit time must be divided into a large number of subperiods on which time count is made (the timer value is incremented by one for each subperiod). The timer values for all the ATM connections that have been set must be updated during each subperiod. If, therefore, the number of ATM connections increases greatly, then each subperiod will have to be made long enough to accommodate all the ATM connections. This will make a large error in the measurement of the unreceiving interval.
When each of the ATM connection alarm states is stored in sequence in the memory address direction, only one ATM connection alarm state is presented to the call processing processor in the ATM switching unit by a single read operation.
In the event that a certain ATM connection goes into the failed state, it is required to notify the call processing processor of which connection is in the failed state. However, if a large number of connections have been set, it will require a large amount of processing time to read the alarm states of all the connections. In this case, the alarm states of connections that are in the normal state must also be read, involving wasted time. Thus, the call processing processor will require an appreciable amount of time in order to assess the alarm states of all the ATM connections.
In addition, the conventional ATM network data collection device has the following problems. Although the ATM network data collection device of FIGS. 2 and 3 has been described as collecting a single type of statistical information (the number of passing cells), the statistical information to be collected generally involves more than one item. In general, it is thus required to update more than one item of statistical information at the arrival of one cell.
Assuming here that statistical information includes items (a), (b), etc., one-cell passing interval (the interval of one cell) is divided into such memory access cycles as shown in FIG. 4. In FIG. 4, the number of memory access cycles within one cell interval is four times the number of items corresponding to the four types of accesses shown in FIG. 3.
Here, the basic ATM cell processing rate is 156 Mbps (megabytes per second) or 622 Mbps, and one cell is 53 bytes (54 bytes) long. Therefore, the one cell interval is about 2.7 microseconds (in the case of 156 Mbps) or about 675 nanoseconds (in the case of 622 Mbps). In an ATM network data collection device intended to collect more than one item of statistical information, such memory accesses as shown in FIG. 4 must be carried out within one cell interval.
Since there is a lower limit on a single memory access cycle, the number of times within one cell interval the memory access is made is limited spontaneously. For example, supposing one memory access cycle to be 75 ns in a 622-Mbps interface, the maximum number of accesses possible within one cell interval will be nine. Since the number of memory accesses within one cell interval is four times the number of statistical information items, the number of items in this case will be limited to two or less.
With the conventional memory access method as shown in FIG. 4, one cell interval is divided into memory cycles, the number of which is four times the number of statistical information items. Depending on incoming cells, therefore, time slots for updating will also be allocated to items which need not be updated. Therefore, useless time slots which are not needed will be produced.

Information collection device and method for use with communications networks


A pair of swimming goggles includes two reticulate clipping frames which are connected through a bridge and have an assembling opening respectively, two glass frames which are assembled in the clipping frames respectively and are made of soft material for receiving an eyeglass respectively, and two fasteners for closing the assembling opening of the clipping frame and providing extension of a strip. Two snapping rings are formed at the clipping frame for engaging the front and rear side edges of the glass frame. A plurality of ribs is connected between the snapping rings. A plurality of positioning grooves is defined at the outer surface of the glass frame corresponding to the ribs of the clipping frame. Two clipping grooves are respectively defined in the side edges of the glass frame corresponding to the snapping rings. Therefore, the weight of the pair of swimming goggles is reduced thereby providing light and comfortable wearing.

Formations of swimming goggles are various but are generally classified as three types in accordance with means of assembling eyeglasses, that is, an integral formation in which the eyeglass is integral with a glass frame, an embedding formation in which the eyeglass is integrally embedded in the glass frame, and an assembling formation in which the eyeglass is assembled to a veil-shaped protection pad and then is assembled to the glass frame and fixed by a fastener. However, in the above formations of the conventional swimming goggles, the glass frame is made of rigid material. Since the glass frame is a main body of a pair of swimming goggles and takes up almost half weight of the pair of swimming goggles, the weight of the pair of swimming goggles is hard to reduce and so cannot provide light and comfortable wearing.


A game is provided that utilizes a code caller card that is used to direct each step of play. The code caller card identify passages of the Bible, and are analogous to a “question” that the player in turn must answer. In combination, word tiles are drawn and held by the players, and are used to create an “answer”, the answer being the phrase or quote identified by the “question” on the caller card. These word tiles are used in conjunction with previously played tiles. The word tiles can be used with or without a board and on a flat, horizontal surface.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to board games, and in particular to apparatus and methods of play therefor. Specifically, this invention pertains to a board game utilizing passages or quotes from the Bible as the basis for a word identification game.
2. Description of the Related Art
Board games have enjoyed wide popularity for many centuries, for they combine intellectual challenge, socialization and food for the competitive spirit. Many different types of board games have been invented. For example, some board games involve the movement of playing pieces along one or more paths identified on the playing board, according to the rules of the game. Other board games involve the movement of playing pieces by the players between playing positions, according to rules of the game. Chess, checkers, Chinese checkers, and backgammon are such games. In some games, such as SCRABBLE©, playing pieces may be distributed to the playing board by the players during the course of play; in others, such as chess, playing pieces may be removed from the playing board by the players during the course of play. Other games, such as dominos, are readily played on any horizontal surface, but are conveniently described as board games because of the character of play.
The present invention utilizes a code card that is used to direct each step of play. The code card identifies passages of the Bible, and are analogous to a "question" that the player in turn must answer. In combination, word tiles, similar to domino pieces, are drawn and held by the players, and are used to create an "answer", the answer being the phrase or quote identified by the "question" on the caller card. These word tiles are similar in size and shape to conventional dominos, and have an upper surface in which a maximum of three-letter word phrases are formed, each letter being formed of a series of indented "dots" filled with flourescent-reflective paint. In this manner, a variation of the present game can be played under "black-light" lighting conditions.


A partition cover for a switchgear enclosure includes a main cover with a lip arranged along a first edge of the partition cover, a sliding cover with a second lip arranged along a second edge of the sliding cover, and a locking mechanism. The sliding cover is slidably supported on the main cover. The locking mechanism is fixed to the main cover and operably connected to the sliding cover, the locking mechanism is arranged to lock position of the sliding cover relative to the main cover to fix the partition cover within an interior of a switchgear enclosure. Switchgear enclosures and methods of emplacing and removing partition covers from within switchgear enclosures are also described.

The present disclosure relates generally to switchgear safety equipment, and more particularly to partition covers and methods of emplacing and removing partition covers from within switchgear enclosures to isolate workspaces from energized equipment during switchgear maintenance events.
Electrical power distribution systems commonly employ switchgear to control the flow of electrical power between power sources and various electrical devices connected to the switchgear. In low and medium voltage applications switchgear generally employ a removable circuit breaker housed in a cubicle. The cubicle houses a supply bus and a feeder bus which are interconnected with one another by the circuit breaker when it is closed. Typically, the circuit breaker is disengaged from the feeder bus and the supply bus for cubicle maintenance in a racking-out type process and then removed from the cubical such that maintainers can access the interior of the switchgear cubicle to perform maintenance. Once the maintenance event is complete the circuit breaker is returned to the enclosure and engaged to the supply bus and the feeder bus through a racking-in type process.
Since switchgear maintenance generally includes work in close proximity to structures that carry significant voltages and loads (current), various types of safety equipment have been developed. For example, remote racking devices are known which allow the circuit breaker to be disengaged and engaged from both the supply and feeder bus with the maintainer remote from the circuit breaker. Closures can also be employed to separate portions of the cubicle interior requiring maintenance to reduce the risk of inadvertent contact of energized components and/or damage of cubical components during maintenance events. However, it is generally accepted that certain types of cubicle maintenance require that the switchgear cubicle be de-energized, typically with a bus section outage, to limit risk of incidental contact with energized components that can result in arc flash injury and even electrocution during cubicle maintenance events. Since bus section outages can pose significant cost and disruption to the customers connected to the bus that is subject to the outage, maintenance events requiring bus section outages are commonly delayed, deferred or de-prioritized due to competing maintenance needs and unscheduled events that consume outage budgets—reducing the reliability of the switchgear otherwise in need of maintenance.
For at least the foregoing reasons there remains a need in the art for improved partition covers for switchgear enclosures, switchgear enclosures mounting such partition covers, and methods of fixing partition covers within switchgear enclosures. The present disclosure provides a solution for this need.

Partition covers for electric distribution equipment enclosures

CONSOLIDATED EDISON COMPANY OF NEW YORK, INC.


A method allowing the gradual deployment of a new security policy on a data processing system wherein users may access certain objects under the former authorization until complete security implementation is achieved. A user having a security profile satisfying the former security policy criteria, but not the new security criteria, would normally be denied access to objects that were formerly accessible. With the present invention, an intermediate security profile is created while the new policy is being implemented wherein such a user's access is not granted, but not necessarily denied. This tertiary state is achieved by supplementing the security profile of the user to satisfy the new security criteria. When a user attempts object access providing an identity token valid under the former system, arbitration occurs which may result in the synthesis or substitution of a proxy identity which is compliant with the new policy. Alternatively, the tertiary state is achieved by supplementing the security profile of the object. In such a case, when a user attempts object access providing an identity token valid under the former system, arbitration occurs resulting in the amendment of the object's access criteria to allow access under the former security criteria. The security administrator may be notified of the attempted use and subsequent security arbitration results.

Computer systems of all types, including networks, routers, switches, mainframes, personal computers, smartcards or other data processing systems, often contain data or applications that are confidential or otherwise are subject to limited access. Access to these objects may be controlled through a security policy which prohibits access by a user, whether it be a person, a person within a defined group, another computer or other computer program, unless that subject has the proper authorization. That is, two states exist: either a request for access is granted or it is denied. Factors in a valid authorization include verifying the subject's identity and authorizing the right of access to given objects and/or processes. These factors are known in the art as verification and authorization, respectively, and may be unique to each subject.
Arbitration is the process of determining whether an authenticated subject has valid access to a given object. Arbitration is typically implemented on a compulsory basis requiring all users in a secure environment to be constrained by the same security policy in a non-refutable manner; access is either denied or granted.
It is sometimes desirable to implement a new security policy. The change may be made to implement a security policy where none existed before, to update an existing policy with more robust security criteria or to change existing criteria. If a system has a large number of subjects and objects, however, it may be difficult to implement a new security policy because each subject and object has its own unique security profile. Ensuring that security information for all subjects and objects have been updated to satisfy the new security criteria may not be practical. One factor is that the identity of all subjects may not be known. Or, it may be difficult to ascertain which users should have access to which objects. The result is that many users may be blocked from accessing previously-accessible objects when a new security policy is implemented all at once across a system. This severely and unacceptably limits use of the system until each user has been individually identified and then given access rights that satisfy the new security criteria.
It is desirable, then, to be able to implement a new security policy across an entire data processing system without inadvertently denying access to a number of valid users. This can be achieved by arbitrating access to a secured system in a new manner: a tertiary state (in addition to access-granted and access-denied) is created wherein the new security policy co-exists with the prior security policy. That is, a state is created in which access is not granted freely, but ultimately not necessarily denied. During the transition from old to new security policies, users having access rights satisfying the previous criteria may be allowed access until those rights can be updated to satisfy the criteria of the new policy. This eliminates the period during which valid users are denied service until their rights are modified to satisfy new criteria.
The arbitrated access may be an audited event, purely for notification or to ensure appropriate response by a security administrator or user. At no point is the security less restrictive than the prior policy, as the previous security policy remains in effect for all arbitrated activity that does not satisfy the criteria of the new policy.

Method for gradual deployment of user-access security within a data processing system


An optical film may include a polarizer configured to linearly polarize a first light to provide a linearly polarized light component. The optical film may further include a first semi-transmissive film overlapping the polarizer, configured to transmit the linearly polarized light component, and configured to reflect a first circularly polarized component of a second light. The first circularly polarized component of the second light may have a first wavelength. The optical film may further include a second semi-transmissive film overlapping the first semi-transmissive film, configured to transmit the linearly polarized light component, and configured to reflect a second circularly polarized component of the second light. The second circularly polarized component of the second light may have a second wavelength that is unequal to the first wavelength.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to an optical film and a display apparatus that includes the optical film.
2. Description of the Related Art
Display apparatuses are widely used for displaying images. When a display apparatus is displaying an image, a user may point at a specific portion of the image using a light source, e.g., a laser point, to direct the attention of others to the pointed portion of the image. The light irradiated to the portion of the image may be reflected by a surface of the display apparatus, and the reflected light may reach the others such that the others may pay attention to the portion of the image pointed out by the user.

Optical film comprising first and second semi-transmissive films configured to transmit a linearly polarized light component and reflect a circularly polarized light component and display apparatus including the optical film


A tactical pair of pants for police, military or other weapon-carrying personnel has a cargo pocket system that functions to store items in several pocket compartments in a normal cargo pocket configuration, or to carry a thigh rig holster for a pistol, in a dedicated position between cargo pocket compartments without blocking access to the pocket compartments.

This invention is concerned with tactical clothing and gear for police, security personnel or other weapon-carrying persons. Specifically the invention relates to pants with cargo pockets providing space to accommodate a thigh rig holster without blocking access to pockets.
Thigh rigs are used by many police and other security or military personnel, to place a pistol at a convenient location for easy access. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,066 showing a thigh rig of one configuration. These thigh rigs, however, interfere with any cargo pockets that might be located at the outside of the thigh area of the pant leg, or prevent the inclusion of such pockets. Typically a pair of upper and lower straps extend from the holster portion or extending rigging of the thigh rig to encircle and engage around the thigh, over the outside of the pant leg. This eliminates valuable storage space for the wearer.

Pants with cargo pocket to accommodate thigh rig


This is a process for upgrading a petroleum naphtha fraction. The naphtha is subjected to reforming and the reformate is cascaded to a benzene and toluene synthesis zone over a benzene and toluene synthesis catalyst comprising a molecular sieve of low acid activity. The preferred molecular sieve is steamed ZSM-5. The benzene and toluene synthesis zone is operated under conditions compatible with the conditions of the reformer such as pressures of above about 50 psig (446 kPa) and temperatures above about 800.degree. F. (427.degree. C). In one aspect of the invention, the benzene and toluene synthesis catalyst includes a metal hydrogenation component such as cobalt, nickel, platinum or palladium. In one mode of operation, the benzene and toluene synthesis catalyst replaces at least a portion of the catalyst of the reformer. The process produces a product containing an increased proportion of benzene and toluene, and a reduced proportion of C8 aromatics, particularly ethylbenzenes, as compared to the reformate.

Catalytic reforming of naphtha feedstocks is well known in the petroleum refining industry. Most naphtha feeds contain large quantities of naphthenes and paraffins and consequently they have low octane numbers. In catalytic reforming these components go through a variety of hydrocarbon conversions resulting in a gasoline product of improved octane number. Some of the more important conversion reactions include dehydrogenation of naphthenes to aromatics and dehydrocyclization of normal paraffins to isoparaffins. Less desirable reactions which commonly occur include hydrocracking of paraffins, naphthenes and dealkylation of alkylaromatics to produce gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane. Because of these less desirable reactions, an important objective of catalytic reforming is to rearrange the structure of the hydrocarbon molecules to form higher octane products without any significant change in the carbon number distribution of the stock.
The reforming reactions are, typically, catalyzed by catalysts comprising porous supports, such as alumina, that have dehydrogenation promoting metal components impregnated or admixed therewith. Platinum on alumina and more recently bimetallics such as platinum and rhenium on alumina are examples of these catalysts. Such catalysts are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,415,737 and 3,953,368.
Other known reforming catalysts have been based on zeolites containing a noble metal component such as platinum. U.S. Pat. No. 4,582,815 describes a silica-bound zeolite catalyst composition for various hydrocarbon conversions including reforming. U.S. Pat. No. 4,839,027 describes a reforming process which employs an intermediate or large pore zeolite bound with a low acidity refractory oxide binder material and containing at least one metal species selected from the platinum group metals. Typically, reforming is operated at pressures below about 350 p.s.i.g. (2,514 kPa) and in the presence of hydrogen.
Procedures for upgrading a reformate to achieve selective rearrangement and increased yields of high octane products have been described in several United States patents. These procedures include selective hydrocracking, see U.S. Pat. No. 3,806,443; low severity hydrocracking, see U.S. Pat. No. 3,847,792; and aromatics alkylation, see U.S. Pat. No. 3,767,568.
Thermally treated zeolites have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,923,641 where a high activity zeolite beta catalyst is used in hydrocracking a reformate by heating the catalyst at high temperatures, ranging from 400.degree. F. (204.degree. C.) to 1,700.degree. F. (927.degree. C.) for one to 48 hours to achieve a strongly acidic material. A broad range of hydrocracking conditions are described including temperatures ranging from 400.degree. F. (204.degree. C.) to 600.degree. F. (316.degree. C.) and pressures from 0 to 2,000 psig (101.4 kPa to 13,891 kPa). In U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,218 a process for alkylating aromatic hydrocarbons over a thermally modified crystalline aluminosilicate is described.
Various methods for steam treating zeolites to enhance the properties of the zeolite have been described. Steaming a zeolite to improve the stability during hydrocarbon conversion reactions is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,429,176 and 4,522,929. The zeolite of improved stability is made by mildly presteaming the catalyst under controlled conditions of temperature, time and steam partial pressure. A method for enhancing the activity of a zeolite catalyst by forming the catalyst into a composite with an alumina binder and steaming the composite is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,314.
It is known that benzene, toluene and xylenes can be produced from a reformate feed containing benzene and alkyl aromatics over a zeolite of reduced activity, such as steamed ZSM-5 under high temperature conditions, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,224,141. However, the described conditions also require low pressures, below about 100 psig (791 kPa), preferably lower, and an absence of hydrogen. These conditions are incompatible with the pressure conditions and the presence of hydrogen in the reformer so the feed is not used directly from the reformer. Rather, it is first fractionated and a portion of the effluent is sent to the hydrocracker.
During processes for the production of hydrocarbons employing an acid zeolite catalyst, depletion of catalytic activity occurs. This catalyst deactivation can generally be ascribed to the nature of the feed, the nature of the catalyst itself and/or the processing conditions. More specifically, catalyst deactivation can result from the deposition of organic matter onto the catalyst which is typically referred to as "coking", or from a reduction in the zeolite framework aluminum content. In both instances, it is the acidic function of the zeolite catalyst that becomes diminished or destroyed.
Some catalysts which have become deactivated because of coking can be regenerated by burning in an oxygen-containing gas or removing the organic matter from the zeolite in a hydrogen-containing gas. See U.S. Pat. No. 4,358,395.
Although burning in an oxygen-containing gas and treatment with hydrogen are known to regenerate certain catalysts, these processes in general require high temperature and are costly. Furthermore, the regeneration often fails to fully restore all properties so that the regenerated catalyst is not considered to be the same as a "fresh" catalyst. However, as mentioned earlier, the regeneration is only known to regenerate catalysts which have become deactivated from coking. Such techniques are not recognized as being effective to reactivate a zeolite which has been deactivated because of framework dealuminization.
During certain catalytic conversion processes, such as the methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) process, conditions are such that zeolite framework dealuminization might be expected. For instance, MTG processing is typically conducted at elevated temperatures. Water vapor produced is known to attack aluminum atoms present in the zeolite framework and to remove them in the form of aluminum oxide and/or hydroxide clusters. The loss of framework aluminum is detrimental to these catalysts since catalytic activity is generally attributed to framework aluminum atoms and/or cations associated with aluminum atoms.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,919,790 discloses a method for reactivating a deactivated zeolite catalyst so that the reactivated catalyst may be used for hydrocarbon dewaxing. A method for upgrading a reformate which utilizes a catalyst deactivated by MTG processing is not described.
Recently, it has been reported that pollution can be reduced by lowering gasoline endpoint to result in a product endpoint where, in a standard ASTM distillation, 90 volume percent of the gasoline distills below about 270.degree. F. (132.degree. C.) to 350.degree. F. (177.degree. C.) (T.sub.90). Based on this, there have been regulatory proposals, particularly in the State of California, to require gasoline to meet a maximum T.sub.90 specification of 300.degree. F. (149.degree. C.). Meeting this T.sub.90 permits only 10% of the hydrocarbons in gasoline to boil above 300.degree. F. (149.degree. C.). A significant boiling range conversion of heavy naphthas will be required to meet this goal.


A cartilage fragment removal device and method permits the removal of articular cartilage fragments, without undue risk of harm to the healthy cartilage surface. The device consists of a brush attachment located at the end of a shaft, which shaft is in turn coupled to a drive mechanism. The drive mechanism imparts a desired brushing motion to the brush attachment, the bristles of which are brought into contact with the articular cartilage fragment during an arthroscopic procedure so as to cause the fragment""s removal. The removed fragment is then suctioned from the joint cavity, preferably using a suction tube that is integral to the cartilage fragment removal device.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to articular cartilage repair generally and, more particularly, to a device and method for removing loose articular cartilage fragments during an arthroscopic procedure with a reduced risk of damage to healthy cartilage.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Diarthroses in the human body, freely movable joints, are distinguished by, among other things, the presence of articular cartilage on the surfaces of the articulating bones. The articular cartilage does not bind the bones together; instead, it acts to reduce friction when the bones move and helps to absorb shock. There are a number of different types of diarthroses, including gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket. The two major diarthroses are the knee and the shoulder joints.
With specific regard to the knee joint, the surfaces where the femur, tibia and patella touch are all covered with articular cartilage. As a result of excess stress on the joint, trauma, muscle weakness, or perhaps other factors, a fragment (or fragments) of articular cartilage may partially dislodge from the articular cartilage surfacexe2x80x94so that it extends into the joint cavity but is still partially attached to the cartilage surface. Such loose cartilage fragments can be sources of clicking, catching, or popping in the jointxe2x80x94and/or can cause pain, swelling or other mechanical irritation. While the knee joint is provided as an example, it should be understood that the problem of articular cartilage occurs in the shoulder and other diarthroses in the body as well.
Loose cartilage fragments can be removed during an arthroscopic surgical procedure. One prior art device for the removal of loose fragments is an arthroscopic surgery blade made by Smith and Nephew, Inc. The Smith and Nephew blade is a rotary vacuum shaver, having an external stationary tube having a sidefacing opening at its distal end, and an internal rotating blade. When the opening is brought in contact with the loose cartilage fragments, the rotating blade shears the fragment, which may then be suctioned through the instrument and out of the joint cavity.
One significant drawback to the Smith and Nephew device, however, is that during operation the blade can nick or cut healthy articular cartilage or can inadvertently remove healthy cartilage with the fragmentxe2x80x94undermining the healthy cartilage surface.
A need therefore existed for a device and method for removing articular cartilage fragments from a joint, with a reduced risk of undermining the healthy cartilage surface. The articular cartilage brush and method of the present invention provides these and other related advantages.
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved device and method for removing articular cartilage fragments from any body joint with a reduced risk of undermining the healthy cartilage surface.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved device and method for removing articular cartilage fragments from the knee joint with a reduced risk of undermining the healthy cartilage surface.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, an improved cartilage fragment removal device is disclosed. The device comprises, in combination: a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end and dimensioned to be inserted into an incision of the size made for insertion of surgical instruments during arthroscopic surgery; a brush attachment having a plurality of bristles thereon coupled to the distal end of the shaft; and drive means coupled to a proximate end of the shaft for driving the brush attachment.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, a method for removing articular cartilage fragments comprising the steps of: providing a cartilage fragment removal device comprising: a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end and dimensioned to be inserted into an incision of the size made for insertion of surgical instruments during arthroscopic surgery; a brush attachment having a plurality of bristles thereon coupled to the distal end of the shaft; and drive means coupled to a proximate end of the shaft for driving the brush attachment; making an incision in a portion of a body for permitting access to an area having an articular cartilage fragment to be removed; inserting into the incision the brush attachment; driving the brush attachment; bringing the brush attachment in a driving condition into contact with the articular cartilage fragment to be removed until the articular cartilage fragment is detached; and removing the detached articular cartilage fragment from the body.


A card connector assembly consisting of two stacked connectors for providing prevention of noise, each includes an interface housing connected with a guiding frame having a grounding plate connected thereto. A first conductive plate and a second conductive plate are respectively engaged with an upper periphery of the guiding frame of the upper connector and a lower periphery of the guiding frame of the lower connector. The first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are engaged in order to prevent noise from acting on an electrical card received in the card connector.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a card connector assembly and particularly to the card connector assembly which reduces transmission errors due to noise and provides a function for dust settling prevention.
2. The Prior Art
Noise is inevitable during signal transmission between electrical devices connected by wires and connectors. The noise may result from electron static disturbance (ESD) or electromagnetic interference (EMI). ESD will exist on two device surfaces when sufficient particles settle thereon thus forming an electron static capacitor between the two devices which emits electron static electrons that interfere with the performance of the related devices and other peripherals. When two mating devices, such as an electrical card and a related card connector are abruptly connected together in a relatively dry environment, particles on the devices may cause an electron static discharge and damage the components within the electrical card. Noise can also result from an EMI which is related to an electric current flowing through the devices. Prior art which prevents noise from affecting the card connector are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,818,239; 4,878,856; 4,810,203; 5,085,590; 5,149,276; 5,176,523; 5,334,046. However, the prior art only addresses on the prevention of the ESD at the insertion opening of the connector while virtually neglecting the prevention of the EMI. More specifically, the prior art merely provides a grounding plate at two distal ends of the guiding bracket near the insertion opening of the card connector. This structure can eliminate ESD upon insertion of the electric card into the card connector but the EMI will continue to affect the operation of the electrical card. If the electrical card and an interface of the card connector having pins projected therethrough are not isolated or protected with a sufficient metal shield, these portions will be affected by EMI. Another drawback of the prior art is that the two guiding brackets are exposed to the outside environment, therefore noise will affect the assembly of the electrical card and the card connector. Additionally, dust is apt to gather on the card-connector assembly due to an insufficient metal shield thus causing ESD.
Therefore, an improved card connector is required to eliminate the above drawbacks of the prior art especially one which can considerably eliminate problems resulting from ESD and EMI.


A method passively locks and phases an array of fiber amplifiers in a fiber amplifier system that emits a beam, such as a laser beam. The method locks the fiber amplifiers so that the fiber amplifiers operate at same or similar frequencies. The method samples a small portion of the emitted beam in a far-field around a central lobe on an optical axis and then couples this portion of emitted beam back into the array of fiber amplifiers. The fiber amplifiers may be phased so that the emitted beam concentrates its energy around the central lobe in the far-field. Phasing may be achieved by using an aperture, for example, to restrict the portion of the emitted beam to be coupled back to a restricted region around the optical axis.

High power solid-state lasers, for military and industrial applications, have been the focus of vigorous recent research. Several current approaches include slab lasers and heat capacity lasers for bulk solid-state laser systems, and coherent fiber laser arrays for fiber based laser systems. The major problem confronting methods employing bulk solid-state materials used in bulk solid-state laser systems is heat management. Thermal gradients cause the laser beam to deteriorate in quality. In addition, system efficiency deteriorates due to high temperature's negative impact on the inversion process. The major problem confronting the fiber based laser systems is the complexity associated with actively (i.e., electro-optically) phasing a large number of single-mode fiber amplifiers employed in fiber phasing, especially when the number of fiber amplifiers is large. Employing single-mode fiber amplifiers in these fiber amplifier arrays is necessary to preserve good beam quality for the total system output. However, power scaling in single-mode fiber amplifiers is limited in current solutions.


The present invention is a chip electronic part having: a ceramic member; a conductor pattern formed on the surface of the ceramic member; an insulating protective layer formed on the conductor pattern; an external electrode which is formed at least one end face of the ceramic member, electrically connected to the conductor pattern, and composed of an undercoating layer formed by dry plating and at least one plating layer formed by wet plating; and at least one groove formed near an end face of the insulating protective layer so as to limit the formation of the undercoating layer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to chip electronic parts used in chip inductors, chip coils, chip capacitors, etc.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, the rectangular chip coil shown in FIG. 8 has been known in the art. This type of chip coil has the following structure: a coil pattern 2 and leading electrodes 3 are formed on a ceramic member 1; an insulating protective layer 4 covers the entire face of the coil pattern 2 and portions of the leading electrodes 3; external electrodes 5 electrically connected to the corresponding leading electrodes 3 are formed on the corresponding end faces of the ceramic member 1. Each of the external electrodes 5 is composed of: a Cr undercoating layer 5a formed by dry plating such as sputtering; and a Ni plating layer 5b and a solder plating layer 5c, both produced by wet electrolytic plating.
According to the above conventional chip coil, when the undercoating layers 5a are formed on the corresponding end faces of the ceramic member 1 by dry plating, e. g. sputtering, a sputtering material inevitably extends to the upper and lower faces of the ceramic member 1 and the plating layers 5b and 5c are formed thereon by electrolytic plating. In this case, the length of the upper extension E1 and that of the lower extension E2 are the same in each of the external electrodes 5. A certain length of the lower extension E2 is required to solder the external electrodes 5 to a print substrate. Thus, the length of the upper extension E1 is correspondingly increased to ensure a certain length of the lower extension E2.
However, an increase in the size of the upper extension E1 leads to a decrease in the effective area for forming a conductor pattern on the ceramic member, which fact is a great problem because small-sized electronic parts are in demand nowadays. Further, the size of the upper extension E1 alters according to the shape of the conductor pattern or the insulating protective layer, and the electrical characteristics thereby undesirably deteriorate or vary widely due to, e.g., inductive coupling between the pattern coil 2 and the upper extension E1 of the external electrode 5.
Conventional chip electronic parts are prepared as follows: A large-area ceramic base material is partitioned into portions by primary dividing grooves and secondary dividing grooves running in the transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively, and a conductor pattern and an insulating protective layer are formed in each portion according to a matrix pattern. After obtaining stick-shaped base material by primary-cutting the ceramic base material along the primary dividing grooves, the external electrodes are provided on the corresponding end faces, in which process a sputtering material of the undercoating layer enters into the secondary dividing grooves and plating layers are further formed thereon. As a result, the external electrodes are formed also in the secondary dividing grooves, and the electrical characteristics of the device thereby undesirably deteriorate or vary widely.


The communication device which includes a voice communicating means, an automobile controlling means, a caller ID means, a call blocking means, an auto time adjusting means, a calculating means, a word processing means, a startup software means, a stereo audio data output means, a digital camera means, a multiple language displaying means, a caller's information displaying means, a communication device remote controlling means, a shortcut icon displaying means, a voice recognition means, and a voice tag means.

Paragraph [0004]—The invention relates to communication device and more particularly to the communication device which is capable to communicate with another communication device in a wireless fashion.
Paragraph [0005]—U.S. Patent Publication No. 20030013483 is introduced as prior art of the present invention of which the summary is the following: "A user interface includes a main screen segregated into various screen areas. At least one of the screen areas is devoted to a system application for displaying status icons, and another of the screen areas is devoted to an interface page which may or may not link to other interface pages which are used for displaying current or recent application information for respective user applications, which user applications may be accessed through interaction with the interface page. The application information may be application status information, recent communication messages (such as e-mail messages, SMS messages, or instant messaging messages) and/or one or more upcoming events or to do items for a user. The user interaction may occur through selection with a pointing device such as a stylus, a fingertip stylus, a finger, or one or more buttons, or even through voice commands. The user interface may also include an area reserved for displaying advertisements." However, this prior art does not disclose the communication device which includes a voice communicating means, an automobile controlling means, a caller ID means, a call blocking means, an auto time adjusting means, a calculating means, a word processing means, a startup software means, a stereo audio data output means, a digital camera means, a multiple language displaying means, a caller's information displaying means, a communication device remote controlling means, a shortcut icon displaying means, a voice recognition means, and a voice tag means.
Paragraph [0006]—For the avoidance of doubt, the number of the prior arts introduced herein (and/or in IDS) may be of a large one, however, applicant has no intent to hide the more relevant prior art(s) in the less relevant ones.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A vascular coupling device for connecting an artificial heart pump to the vascular system of a subject is disclosed. The artificial heart pump may form part of a total artificial heart (TAH). The vascular coupling device comprises a first and a second coupling element, each one of said first and second coupling elements has a first end comprising a resilient coupling portion, a second end comprising a vascular grafting material, and a tubular midsection is arranged between said first and second ends. The vascular coupling device further comprises a coupling plate comprising a first receptor and a second receptor configured and adapted for receiving said resilient coupling portions of the first and second coupling elements. The vascular coupling device further comprises a docking plate, comprising a first and a second docking port configured to be arranged to an inlet channel and an outlet channel of said artificial heart pump and one or more fastening means for connecting said coupling plate to the docking plate. A method for connecting the vascular coupling device to the vascular system of a subject is also disclosed.

The main function of the heart in the human body is to circulate blood through the blood vessels in order to transport oxygen, nutrition, and waste products to and from body cells. Many diseases may affect the heart such as myocardial infarction, hypertension, valve insufficiency and various heart muscle diseases. The end result of such diseases may be heart failure which means that the heart has lost its ability to pump enough blood to the lungs and body tissues.
The symptoms of heart failure are shortness of breath, edema and fatigue. The only treatment option available for a patient suffering from advanced heart failure is heart transplantation. However, due to a lack of sufficient number of donor hearts the majority of advanced heart failure patients die while waiting for a heart transplant operation.
For this reason many efforts have been made during the last 50 years to develop a mechanical heart which can replace a diseased heart entirely. Until now only a few Total Artificial Hearts (TAH) i.e. mechanical hearts/heart prosthesis have been developed which have the capacity to completely replace the diseased heart.
WO2016/020219 discloses a four-chambered TAH which is designed as a human heart. This TAH comprises a first and a second artificial heart pump corresponding to the left and right heart of the natural heart. Each artificial pump comprises an inlet and an outlet channel and a valve cylinder which is divided into two chambers by means of a moving plane comprising a one-way valve which corresponds to the atrioventricular (AV) plane in a natural heart. Pump actuating means are configured to apply a movement to said valve cylinders in an upward and downward direction in response to control signals from a control unit such that when the valve cylinders move in an upward direction inside the blood pump housing device, the valves provided in the valve planes are in an open position allowing a flow of blood through the inlet channel into the artificial atrium, and thereafter into the artificial ventricle. When the valve cylinders move in a downward direction the valves are in the closed position and blood is ejected from the artificial ventricle and exit therefrom through outlet channels.
The TAH is enclosed in a casing which protects the surrounding tissue from moving parts and prevents entry of body fluids into the TAH. When implanted in a subject the diseased natural heart of the subject is removed and thereafter the circulatory system of the subject is connected to the inlets and outlets of the TAH. The coupling device connecting the vascular system with the inlets and outlets of the TAH has to be absolutely leak-proof as well as easy to connect and disconnect from the TAH. Furthermore, the vascular coupling device must have the capacity to elastically accommodate any body movements of the subject without damaging the vascular system of the patient, or disconnecting it from the TAH.


Systems and methods for managing networked communication sessions are described herein. A processor may obtain, by a driver running in a first operating mode of the one or more processors, session information and content information from a client application to be communicated to an external entity over a network. The processor may redirect, by the driver, the session information and the content information to a local proxy running in a second operating mode of the one or more processors via a local listening port of the local proxy. The redirecting may comprise modifying the session information to generate modified session information. The processor may obtain, at the local proxy, the modified session information and the content information. The processor may establish a communication channel between the local proxy and the external entity by modifying the modified session information to communicate the content information to the external entity.

There are many products and technologies in the field of information security that perform a deep packet inspection (DPI) for local network traffic monitoring and filtering. Those products and technologies include anti-virus software, intrusion prevention systems (IPS), data leak prevention (DLP), and others. To be able to perform DPI, one needs a mechanism to intercept packets. There are multiple interception techniques available depending on the target for inspection. For example, if the target is a browser that generates packets, the interception usually can be done with a browser extension, an API hooking, a network filter driver in kernel mode, or other mechanisms.
In modern operating systems, there is a distinction between code that is running in "user mode", and code that is running in "kernel mode". Kernel mode has full access to resources. It is the mode in which the operating system kernel runs. The kernel refers to the core of a computer's operating system, with complete control over the system. The user mode has restricted access to resources. Processes started by the operating system (with the exception of the System "processes") run in user mode. In user mode, programs cannot modify paging directly and so have no way of accessing other programs' memory except through API or similar functions. Programs in user mode also cannot interfere with interrupts and context switching. A local proxy is an application residing in the user mode. A local proxy is an Internet-facing proxy used to retrieve data from a wide range of sources (in most cases anywhere on the Internet).
When passing information between the user mode and kernel mode, the local proxy may obtain multiple packets from multiple sessions via a user mode and kernel mode I/O API, where the local proxy performs DPI on those packets. The local proxy then demultiplexes the packets to each session which have different remote server addresses. Meanwhile, when the local proxy receives replies from multiple remote servers, the local proxy then multiplexes those replies into a user/kernel I/O to send down to the kernel mode. When the kernel mode receives the replies, it demultiplexes the packets to different sessions originated from a browser, and feeds corresponding reply packets back to the sessions. Network session mapping is also conducted. A network session may be defined by the 4-tuple elements: source IP, source port, destination IP, and destination port, in addition to the packet content. Accordingly, there cannot be two different sessions that have exactly the same source IP, source port, destination IP, and destination port. The 4-tuple elements are the identifier of a session, and are attach to the packet when the packet is moved from one place to another. Inbound or outbound packets for a session can be mapped through this 4-tuple. A session table is created to manage total active sessions in both kernel mode and the local proxy.

Beijing DiDi Infinity Technology and Development Co., Ltd.


The objects are a reliable and economical method of and device for manufacturing helical springs that are curved when unstressed from sections of wire or rod heated to coiling temperature. The spring is coiled straight and then curved it to its final shape. The device consists of a hot-coiling production line comprising a kiln (1), a series of rollers (2), a coiling bench (4), and a quenching tub (6). A tool (5) for curving helical springs (10 or 14) is integrated into the production line between the coiling bench and the quenching tub.

Helical springs that are curved when unstressed are known from German Patents 1 505 616 and 3 743 450 for example. Springs of this type are employed to advantage in automotive-axle dashpots because they can be positioned with their curvature extensively compensating for undesirable friction and bending moments against the shock-absorber piston rod.
Curved helical springs have until now been manufactured only on cold-winding mechanism without mandrels as described for instance on pages 60 to 62 of Meissner and Wanke's Handbuch Federn, Berlin, VEB Verlag Technik, 1988. This procedure achieves the desired curvature without the expense of varying every other winding flight.
Helical springs can in one particular alternative to winding without using mandrels be manufactured hot on what are called coiling benches. They can be shaped by two parallel cylindrical rollers, one called the mandrel and the other the trainer. The training function can on the other hand be assumed by a computerized numerically controlled wire and rod feed as described on pages 185 and 186 of the Hoesch Hohenlimburg AG literature Warmgeformte Federn issued on the occasion of the 52nd IAA in Frankfurt-am-Main in 1987 and on pages 106 and 107 of the Stahlwerke Bruninghaus GmbH literature Technische Data Fahrzeugfedern issued on the occasion of the 45th IAA in Frankfurt-am-Main in 1973.
German 4 124 326 discloses a method of manufacturing curved helical springs on existing hot-coiling production lines by cooling or heating sections of the coil before or while it sets.
Reproducible industrial-scale manufacture of curved helical springs by this known method extensively depends on local flow boundaries, which are directly determined by the spring's temper strength and local temperatures.
In addition to the locally affected flow boundaries, stress that is precisely selected in accordance with the particular cross-section or coil section must be applied during the setting phase to achieve the desired curve. This is much too expensive, given contemporary tolerance demands.

Device for manufacturing curved helical springs


A test fixture for printed circuit boards wherein the circuit board being tested is clamped to a vacuum actuated diaphragm plate by the same vacuum that actuates the diaphragm plate. The vacuum is automatically applied to both the diaphragm plate and the clamp means when the cover on the test fixture is closed. A bridge extends over, and is in clamping contact, with the circuit board. The bridge is supported from platens in vacuum chambers on the upper side of the diaphragm plate.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to test fixtures for testing printed circuit boards.
2. Prior Art
Test fixtures for printed circuit boards are well known and in extensive use. Typical test fixtures are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,636,723, 4,746,861, 5,247,249 and 5,430,385.
In such fixtures, a fixed board in a base supports spaced vertical contact probes which are spring biased upwardly and aligned with contacts points on a circuit board which is inserted into the fixture above the test probes. The circuit board extends in a horizontal plane. The printed circuit board is displaced downwardly against the biased probes which are connected to a computer which evaluates the components and connections in the circuit board. A moveable board, which is often referred to as a diaphragm board, since vacuum is used to move such circuit board downwardly, carries the printed circuit board to be tested into contact with the probes.
In one prior art embodiment, the circuit board for test purposes is fixed or clamped to the diaphragm board by a mechanical latch operated manually by the test operator. It is necessary to clamp the circuit board to the diaphragm board, since the total force exerted by the test probes, which are biased upwardly generally by springs, can be substantial, and often in an amount collectively of a force of 600 pounds or more.
In another prior art embodiment, a box forms a vacuum chamber over the printed circuit board. Hold down studs extend downward from the top of the box against the circuit board. Such a box has to be airtight, which prevents access to the components on the board which have to be adjusted, or switches that have to be changed. Additionally, such a construction does not allow for probing with a manual probe.
In summary, in the prior art a printed circuit board is either manually mechanically clamped to a diaphragm board which is then moved by vacuum toward spring biased test probes for contact with the probes and testing of the circuit board, or held by studs within an enclosed vacuum box that prevents easy access to the circuit board.


A power supply circuit for a sense amplifier of a semiconductor memory device includes a first reference voltage supplier configured to output a first reference voltage when a control signal is activated upon a write operation, a second reference voltage supplier configured to output a second reference voltage when the control signal is deactivated upon a read operation, and a core voltage source configured to receive the first reference voltage or the second reference voltage and generate a core voltage.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor memory device, and more particularly to a power supply circuit for a sense amplifier of a semiconductor memory device.
Semiconductor memory devices, which are used for storage of information, have been advanced toward low costs, miniaturization, and large capacity, in accordance with the technical advances in computer system and electronic communication fields. In particular, the miniaturization of memory chips provides a technical basis for realizing the large capacity.
Generally, a semiconductor memory device such as a DRAM device includes cell blocks each consisting of a number of cells each of which includes one NMOS transistor and one capacitor and which are connected to word lines and bit lines connected in the form of a matrix.
Hereinafter, operation of such a general DRAM device will be described in brief.
When the DRAM device operates, the bit lines of one bit line pair, which have been precharged with a voltage corresponding to ½ of a core voltage Vcore in a standby mode before the operation of the DRAM device, are transited to voltages having a minute voltage difference, respectively, as they receive data from associated cells. When a sense amplifier operates in this state, the voltages of the bit lines, which have a minute difference, are varied to the core voltage Vcore and a ground voltage Vss, respectively. The data on each bit line amplified in the above-mentioned manner is transferred to a data bus line in response to an output signal from a column decoder.
Meanwhile, the time interval between a write command and a precharge command is called a "write recovery time" or "tWR". The write operation for memory cells should be completed within the write recovery time tWR. In conventional cases, however, there may be a phenomenon that it is impossible to fully pull up data storages to the level of the core voltage VCORE within the write recovery time tWR. This will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
Referring to FIG. 1, a semiconductor memory device is illustrated. The semiconductor memory device includes word lines WL0 and WL1, memory cell arrays 120, 180 each including an array of NMOS transistors each connected, at a gate thereof, to an associated one of the word lines WL0 and WL1, and connected, at a drain thereof, to a capacitor, and switches 130, 170 for connecting the memory cell arrays 120, 180 to a sense amplifier 140. The sense amplifier 140, which is also included in the semiconductor memory device, includes PMOS transistors and NMOS transistors. The semiconductor memory device further includes a sense amplifier precharger 150, a YS switch 160 for connecting bit lines BLT0, BLB0 to data lines SIOT and SIOB, respectively, when a command such as a write command WT or a read command RD is input, and a core voltage source 110 for supplying a core voltage VCORE to the sense amplifier 140, as a CSP signal in response to SAP2 signal. SAP2 signal is activated as a high level to conduct a write or read operation. FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of the semiconductor memory device having the above-mentioned configuration.
In each memory cell array of FIG. 1, for example, the memory cell array 120, however, nodes SN0, SN1 thereof functioning as data storages have a relatively high resistance due to the characteristics of the used semiconductor memory fabrication process. Due to such a high resistance, there is a high possibility that the nodes SN0, SN1 cannot be fully pulled up to the VCORE level within a time interval from a write command to a precharge command, namely, the write recovery time tWR. In this case, the word lines may be closed in a state in which data of a level other than the VCORE level, namely, a level of "VCORE-Δ" has been stored in the nodes SN0, SN1. For this reason, there may be a problem of a degradation in the refresh efficiency of the memory cells.

Power supply circuit for sense amplifier of semiconductor memory device


A control apparatus to receive a tubular member includes a contact member configured to engage the tubular member, and a control mechanism operably coupled to the contact member, wherein the control mechanism is configured to dampen movement of at least one of the tubular member and the contact member as the tubular member engages the contact member.

1. Field of the Disclosure
Embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to methods and apparatus to support and/or move an end of a tubular member. More specifically, embodiments disclosed herein relate to apparatus that are used to support a tubular member during assembly, such as oilfield tubular members that are disposed downhole.
2. Background Art
In oilfield exploration and production operations, various oilfield tubulars are used to perform important tasks, including, but not limited to, drilling the wellbore and casing the drilled wellbore. For example, a long assembly of drill pipes, known in the industry as a drill string, may be used to rotate a drill bit at a distal end to create the wellbore. Furthermore, after a wellbore has been created, a casing string may be disposed downhole into the wellbore and cemented in place to stabilize, reinforce, or isolate (among other functions) portions of the wellbore. As such, strings of drill pipe and casing may be connected together, end-to-end by threaded connections, where a female "pin" member of a first tubular is configured to threadably engage a corresponding male "box" member of a second tubular. Alternatively, a casing string may be made-up of a series of male-male ended casing joints coupled together by female-female couplers. The process by which the threaded connections are screwed together is called "making-up" a threaded joint and the process by which the connections are disassembled is referred to "breaking-out" the threaded joint. As would be understood by one having ordinary skill, individual pieces (or "joints") of oilfield tubulars come in a variety of weights, diameters, configurations, and lengths.
Referring to FIG. 1, a perspective view is shown of a drilling rig 101 used to run tubular members 111 (e.g., casing, drill pipe, etc.) downhole into a wellbore. As shown, drilling rig 101 includes a frame structure known as a "derrick" 102 from which a traveling block 103 and an elevator 105 and/or a top drive (not shown) may be used to manipulate (e.g., raise, lower, rotate, hold, etc.) tubular members 111. As shown, traveling block 103 is a device that is located at or near the top of derrick 102, in which traveling block 103 may move up-and-down (i.e., vertically as depicted) to raise or lower tubular members 111. As shown, traveling block may be a simple "pulley-style" block and may have a hook 104 from which objects below (e.g., elevator 105) may be hung. Additionally, elevator 105 may also be coupled below traveling block 103 and/or a top drive (not shown) to selectively grab or release tubular members 111 as they are to be raised or lowered within and from derrick 102. Typically, elevator 105 includes movable gripping components (e.g., slips) movable between an open position and a closed position (shown in FIG. 1). In the closed position, the movable components form a load bearing ring (or shoulder) about or upon which tubular members 111 may bear and be lifted. In the open position, the movable components of elevator 105 may move away from one another to allow the tubular members 111 to be brought within or removed from elevator 105.
When assembling a string of tubular members 111 together, the tubular members 111 may be removed from a pipe rack 112 and pulled towards an access opening 121, for example, a v-door, within the derrick 102 of the drilling rig 101. The tubular members 111 may be loaded onto a pipe ramp 125 adjacent to the access opening 121, in which a rigidly mounted end stop 131 may abut the ends of the tubular members 111 to support the tubular members 111 up against access opening 121. An elevator, for example 105 in FIG. 1, or other lifting device (e.g., cable and/or winch) may then grasp an end of a tubular member 111 located within access opening 121 and may then raise the tubular member 111 up in derrick 102 so that it may be threadably connected to the remainder of a downhole string 115 of tubular members 111. The reverse process, or one substantially similar thereto, may be used, such as when removing tubular members from the drilling rig 101.
However, when raised into derrick 102, tubular members 111 are usually suspended by their upper (proximal) end, and therefore may swing and have a significant amount of movement as received within derrick 102, particularly at their lower (distal) end. Further, tubular members 111 typically are about 40 ft (12 m) in length and 66 lbs/ft (98 kg/m) in weight. As such, tubular members 111 may be cumbersome and/or difficult to handle because of their size, weight, and length, particularly when manually manipulating tubular members 111. Furthermore, the process of manually handling tubular members 111 consumes time, slowing production and therefore increasing drilling rig costs. Accordingly, there exists a need to increase the ability of controlling tubular members 111 when being disposed within a drilling rig, as may be common within the oilfield industry.


A packing assembly for use with a rotary drilling swivel having a cylindrical wash pipe comprising a housing assembly including a packing gland forming a sealing assembly chamber around the wash pipe, the packing gland including an injection port in open communication with the chamber, a sealing assembly disposed in the chamber and including a first annular seal ring surrounding and in sealing engagement with the wash pipe, an annular containment member disposed in the chamber in surrounding relation to the wash pipe and axially spaced from the first seal ring and an injectable packing composition in sealing engagement with the wash pipe and disposed between the first seal ring and the containment member, one of the wash pipe and the packing assembly being rotatable relative to the other.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to packing assemblies for use in effecting fluid sealing around the wash pipe of a rotary drilling swivel and to such an assembly for effecting sealing around a rotating shaft of a pump.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the drilling of oil and gas wells, a drill bit is rotated in a borehole by means of a string of drill pipe. The drill pipe is rotated on the surface mechanically by a rotating table mounted on a drilling platform or by a hydraulic motor, commonly referred to as a top drive. As is common in such oil and gas well drilling, drilling fluid or mud is circulated through the drill pipe and the drill bit to cool the drill bit and remove the cuttings, which are then recirculated to the surface and removed from the drilling fluid so it can be reused. Particularly in the case of deep wells, the drilling fluid can be at pressures that can range to several thousand psi.
The rotary drilling swivel commonly used in the drilling of oil and gas wells provides rotating support for the drill string suspended from it and a sealed passageway for circulating drilling fluids into the drill string. The drill pipe is in open-flow communication with a wash pipe, through which the drilling fluid flows, the wash pipe usually being stationary. A packing assembly forming part of the swivel rotates with the drill pipe, and is in scaling engagement with the wash pipe to prevent loss of drilling fluid out of the swivel assembly.
As noted above, depending on the depth of the well and/or well condition, drilling fluid pressure can reach several thousand psi, and at these high pressures, conventional, prior art packing assemblies used to seal between the wash pipe and the rotary head to which the drill pipe is secured have reduced life, resulting in leaking. Additionally, in top drive applications wherein the swivel assembly is rotating at a height of from 50 to 60 feet above the rig floor during drilling, it is difficult to maintain or adjust the packing or to add lubrication to the packing. Accordingly, only periodically, and typically only once a day, will the drilling operation be stopped to allow some adjustment to the rotating packing assembly and/or the addition of lubricant, which can be added through a grease port in the portion of the gland of the packing assembly that contains the seal rings.
Pumps employing rotary shafts, e.g., centrifugal pumps, generally employ lip types seals that are generally in a stacked configuration and employ various types of spacers or back-up rings, an adjustable gland being used to force the lips of the seals into engagement with the stuffing box or the like in which the seals are carried and the rotating shaft that extends through the stuffing box. In many cases, these pumps are in environments where change-out of the seal rings is difficult and results in costly downtime.

Packing assembly for rotary drilling swivels and pumps having rotating shafts


In accordance with the present invention, a system includes a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a cellular phone adapted to be coupled to the PDA so that upon coupling the cellular phone to the PDA the combined cellular phone and PDA forms a single body.

The present invention relates in general to wireless communication, and in particular to an integrated detachable personal digital assistant (PDA) and cellular phone system.
Portable devices such as cellular phones, laptop computers, and PDAs (e.g., Palm devices and pocket PCs) are being widely used. At the same time, the recent advancements in the wireless communication technology have enabled wireless communication among these portable and other types of devices. Internet access via PDAs and cell phones are becoming more readily available. It is not uncommon for individuals such as business people or students to carry a cell phone and a PDA on their belt and a laptop computer in their brief case or backpack. Each of these devices serves a different purpose and needs to be readily available for use. However, carrying both a cell phone and a PDA on one's belt at all times can be cumbersome. One approach in addressing this problem has been to combine the functionality of the cell phone and PDA into a single device such as the commercially available Blackberry devices. However, the size of these devices, from a practical stand point, is still too large for comfortable daily usage. In certain circumstance, e.g., while on vacation or in a social setting, one may not need the processing power of the Blackberry type of devices but may need the cell phone capability. Alternatively, while at work or in meetings, one may need the processing power as well as the wireless capability of the cell phone to enable, for example, internet connection.
The Blackberry type of device has another limitation. Simultaneous use of the device as a cell phone and its other functionalities is not possible. For example, while the device is being used for word processing purposes, upon receiving a telephone call, the word processing is automatically stopped so that the telephone function can be used. As another example, when a telephone call is in progress it is not possible to access the device to view the calendar for scheduling purposes or obtain other information stored in the device.
Thus, there is a need for an integrated PDA, cell phone system which overcomes the above-mentioned limitations.

Integrated detachable PDA and cellular phone