Features available in one communication installation of a communication system are made available system-wide by transmitting an item of feature control information for a subscriber line of a first communication installation to a second communication installation. The item of feature control information is converted into at least one function call, whose associated function is provided by a computer telephony integration (CTI) interface. The function call is transmitted via the CTI interface to the first communication installation. At least one feature control instruction contained in the function call is executed by an administration and maintenance device of the first communication installation. The first communication installation depicts a controlled instance with regard to a feature control, while the second communication installation depicts a controlling instance. This makes it possible to render a feature control existing in the second communication installation usable for the first communication installation.

Features are functionalities of communication terminals. There are service-independent features with additional functions, which facilitate and simplify the operation of a communication terminal. Features can also be based on service features. In the case of telephones, open listening, last number redial, handsfree talking, release, transfer, last number redial, automatic callback or call forwarding are examples of such features.
When communication installations are networked within a communication system, the number of features available system-wide has up to now been determined on the one hand by the fact that the features have to be available in the communication installations in question. On the other hand it must be possible to transmit items of feature control information using a system standard signaling protocol. Therefore the number of features available system-wide has up to now been very small compared with the number of features available in one of the communication installations.

Communication system and method for controlling features in a communication system


A fuel flowmeter for being fed by a pump including an inlet and an outlet, including: a metering valve including an inlet and an outlet, and arranged downstream from the outlet of the pump; a return circuit connecting the inlet of the metering valve to the inlet of the pump; and a pressure regulator device including: a movable valve member to close and open the return circuit, a pressure difference detection surface fastened to the valve member and axially separating a first chamber in communication with the inlet of the metering valve from a second chamber in communication with the outlet from the metering valve, a piston axially separating the second chamber from a third chamber connected to the outlet of the metering valve, and a channel putting the second chamber in communication with the third chamber.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a fuel flowmeter for being fed by a pump having an inlet and an outlet, said flowmeter comprising:                a metering valve having an inlet and an outlet, said valve being arranged downstream from the outlet of the pump;        a return circuit connecting the inlet of the metering valve to the inlet of the pump; and        a pressure regulator device comprising a movable valve member suitable for closing and opening the return circuit, a pressure difference detection surface fastened to the valve member and axially separating a first chamber in communication with the inlet of the metering valve from a second chamber in communication with the outlet from the metering valve, a first spring arranged in the second chamber while being fastened to the detection surface in such a manner as to exert axial thrust on the valve member in a direction tending to close the return circuit.
One such flowmeter 10 that is already known from elsewhere is shown in FIG. 1. In known manner, the flowmeter is fed upstream by a pump 12 delivering a flow of fuel at a rate that is greater than the rate needed by the engine. The metering valve 14 is arranged between the pump and the injectors of the combustion chamber. This valve is designed to deliver a flow rate Q that is a function of the extent to which it is opened, which extent is controlled by a valve regulator system.
In order to obtain a flow rate that depends mainly on the extent to which the metering valve 14 is opened, the pressure difference between the outlet 14b and the inlet 14a of the metering valve must be maintained constant, at a predetermined value, or at least within a limited range. That is the role of the regulator device 16, generally referred to as a "delta-P" valve.
For this purpose, the regulator device 16 has two functions: its first function is to detect pressure variation between the outlet and the inlet of the metering valve 14. This first function is performed by the detection surface 18 that is constituted in this example by a diaphragm, and by the first spring 20, the diaphragm being capable of moving axially against the force of the first spring if the pressure difference is greater than the above-mentioned predetermined value.
Under such circumstances, the valve member 24 opens the return circuit 22, thereby allowing fuel to flow from the inlet to the metering valve 14a back to the inlet 12a of the pump 12, or increasing the rate of the return flow, thereby diminishing the flow rate through the metering valve 14. As a result, the pressure difference between the outlet and the inlet of the metering valve diminishes until it reaches the predetermined value, thereby causing the valve member 24 to close under drive from the first spring 20.
It is specified that the regulator device 16 is initially calibrated in such a manner that the return circuit 22 remains closed by the valve member 24 so long as the pressure difference is below the predetermined value.
Thus, the regulator device maintains an almost constant pressure difference (equal to the predetermined value) between the outlet and the inlet of the metering valve.
It is also specified that the action of the valve member 24 is generally progressive, thus enabling the valve member 24 to occupy an equilibrium position.
A drawback of this flowmeter arises in the event of the diaphragm being damaged. It can be understood that if the diaphragm is pierced or if it no longer achieves sealing between the first and second chambers, there is no longer a pressure difference between the first and second chambers of the regulator device, and as a result the force exerted on the valve member becomes equal solely to the force exerted by the first spring. This causes the return circuit 22 to be closed and leads to a significant and undesirable increase in the rate at which fuel is supplied to the engine.

Fuel flowmeter having an improved regulator device


An identification system (10) of the present invention is used at airport terminals, bus stations, government buildings, and the like. The identification system (10) includes a controller (26), a pair of spaced stations or checkpoints (12, 14) for generating a first reference and a second reference each containing scanning image and weight of the person (P) passing through the first (12) and second (14) spaced stations. The controller (26) includes a comparative software that determines a correlation between the first and second references to identify at least one discrepancy therebetween. As the discrepancy is identified, a distress signal is send by the controller (26) to the second station (14) to alert about the discrepancy being identified. The invention includes a method of identifying the person (P).

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to a security and identification method and system for use in screening and/or identifying individuals passing through secure entry or checkpoints at airport passenger terminals, government offices, office buildings, military facilities, laboratories, and the like.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Passenger and carry-on luggage screening technology was first instituted in 1973 and is still in use today and was originally intended to uncover hijack weapons. Recent national and international events have underscored the need for effective identification and screening of individuals entering or passing through secure checkpoints. Today, the procedure of screening passengers at common carrier terminals, such as, for example, airports, trains stations, bus terminals and the like, must be an important task to protect safety of passengers. Manual identification of the passengers at the checkpoint is a slow and cumbersome process, and because it is not precise, manual identification may allow unwanted or undesirable individuals to avoid detection through disguises.
The art is replete with various systems of facial recognition and identification methods. The U.S. Pat. No. 3,805,238, for example, teaches a primitive method for identifying individuals using selected characteristic body curves; U.S. Pat. No. 4,858,000, teaches an image recognition system designed for use in recognizing predetermined individuals out of a viewing audience; the U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,094 on the other hand teaches a method for identifying individuals by the analysis of elemental shapes derived from biosensor data, generating a thermal image of the individual's face that is converted to a digital representation.
With advent of a modern technology other methods have been developed. The U.S. Pat. No. 5,905,807, teaches an apparatus for processing a facial image and creating an output of extracted data of feature points that may be used for comparison or other purposes; the U.S. Pat. No. 6,111,517, describes a continuous video monitoring system for regulating access to a restricted environment such as a computer system; and the U.S. Pat. No. 6,292,575, teaches a real-time facial recognition and verification system for comparison to a stored image. Other attempts have been made to improve the security identification system.
The United States Publication No. 20030142853, for example, teaches a security and identification system designed to obtain improved images for use by real-time facial recognition and identification systems for screening individuals passing through secure entry or checkpoints such as airport passenger terminals, government offices, and other secure locations. The system detects the presence of a person at the checkpoint, interactively instructs the person to stop and move into position for proper identification and recognition, analyzes the facial features of the subject as the person through the checkpoint, and compares the features of the subject with those in a database. The system then generates different signals depending upon whether or not the person is recognized.
Each of the aforementioned United States patent references describes either a method or apparatus for performing facial recognition or identification. However, all of these patents suffer from the drawback that unless the facial image is properly positioned and lighted for a sufficient length of time, the recognition or identification may be incomplete, inaccurate or may not take place at all. Furthermore, these references do not provide a way to account for a passenger's whereabouts after the passenger has gone through the security checkpoint up to and when the passenger boards the transportation vehicle.

Security identification system and method

International Business Machines Corporation


Circuitry and methods are provided for continuously adjustable frequency synthesis. The synthesis covers a wide range of possible frequencies and can be performed to a high degree of precision. In an embodiment of the invention, an analog phase-locked loop (“PLL”) performs relatively coarse wide-range frequency synthesis, while a digital PLL performs relatively fine narrow-range frequency synthesis and phase alignment. The analog PLL is capable of varying frequency in a stepwise linear fashion. The digital PLL communicates with the analog PLL to ensure that the output of the analog PLL is within the digital PLL's specified pull-in range.

Clock signals are commonly used to synchronize processing, sample data, and perform general timing coordination in electrical systems. The widespread use of clock signals makes proper maintenance of their frequency and phase extremely important. The phase locked loop ("PLL") is a well known mechanism for performing this maintenance, often aligning the clock signal with an incoming data stream.
Unfortunately, certain applications make clock synchronization especially difficult. For instance, optical systems often read data from media such as compact discs ("CDs"), which store the data in circular spiral tracks. Since the reader on many such systems advances along the spiral track at a substantially constant angular velocity, the data rate changes continuously. That is, the data rate near the center of a CD is relatively slow, while the data rate near the edge of a CD is relatively fast.
Optical systems thus give rise to the problem of aligning a clock signal to data whose frequency and phase vary continuously. Most PLLs are well adapted to locking onto a fixed frequency and phase, then maintaining the locked state. Thus, common PLL circuitry is often poorly suited to demands such as those posed by optical systems.
In view of the foregoing, it would be desirable to provide circuitry and methods that can synchronize a clock signal to data whose frequency and phase vary continuously. In addition, it would be desirable for such circuitry and methods to operate across a wide range of possible frequencies, while maintaining a high degree of precision.

Continuous, wide-range frequency synthesis and phase tracking methods and apparatus


A method for adjusting the rate of a watch with an oscillator arranged to generate oscillation at a nominal frequency N0, with a servo-system including a master oscillator arranged to generate excitation oscillation at an excitation frequency NE, which is approximately equal to, or equal to the nominal frequency N0, or to an integer multiple of this nominal frequency N0, the watch is subjected to excitation oscillation or to a modulated motion, generated by the master oscillator, during a transition phase after which the oscillator of the watch is stabilised at excitation frequency NE, and there is incorporated in the servo-system a winder for mechanical or automatic watches, arranged to move a support on which such a watch is fixed.

Controlling the rate, and particularly the value of the variation of daily rate of a watch or respectively a movement is the objective of every watch designer.
The maximum variation of daily rate of a watch or respectively a standard mechanical movement, with no particular certification, is on the order of 5 to 10 seconds per day, which may be a loss or a gain.
The maximum variation of daily rate of a highly crafted watch, or respectively a highly crafted mechanical movement, particularly with chronometer certification, is from 2 to 5 seconds per day.
The maximum variation of daily rate of a very highly crafted watch (or respectively mechanical movement), for example prepared for a chronometer competition, is on the order of 1 second per day.
Variation of rate drifts, in particular, according to the level of unwinding of the barrel, but also, non-exhaustively, with environmental, temperature, humidity or other variations, with the wear of the various moving parts, and with the degradation of lubricants over time, and of course the position of the watch in the gravitational field.
Controlling the error of state of display is an additional concern to that of controlling the rate.
Automatic winders are designed for winding mechanical or automatic or manual watches, but simply move the oscillating weight, or rotate the crown, to rewind the barrel, without correcting either the rate or the state of display of the watch. When the user leaves his watch for a long time on such a winder, the displayed time drifts continuously and in an uncontrolled manner.
Breguet made a "sympathetic" pendulum, comprising a specific watch, or respectively movement, associated with a pendulum serving as a reference, and arranged to be held on the pendulum, with a mechanism for resetting the hands of the watch, at midnight and at midday, by means of the control stem of the watch, moved by the pendulum.
Various scientific articles mention synchronisation or sympathy between two clocks:    H. M. Oliveira et Al.: "Huygens synchronization of two clocks", Scientific Reports, vol. 5, No 1, 23 Jul. 2015, XP055418276, DOI:10.1038/srep11548; page 9, § experimental, FIGS. 4, 7;    H. Wallman: "Hit-or-miss synchronization to atomic time", Horological Journal. Ashford, GB, Vol. 134, No 1, 1 Jul. 1991, pages 26-27, XP000214989, ISSN: 0018-5108, pages 1-2, FIGS. 2-3;    J. P. Ramirez et Al.: "The sympathy of two pendulum clocks: beyond Huygens' observations", Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, No 1, 29 Mar. 2016, XP055418277, DOI: 10.1038/srep23580, page 3, § experimental, FIGS. 3-6.
UK Patent GB187814A in the name of WH Shortt describes a pendulum clock synchronized with another by means of electric pulses which are used to operate a device associated with the slave pendulum as soon as the latter lags behind by more than a predetermined value.
Japanese Patent Application JPS5567685A in the name of SEIKO describes a configuration for recalibrating the rate of an alarm watch, by using its sound generating means as receiving means, in combination with a signal corresponding to a predetermined sound.
German Patent DE102013012854B3 in the name of R Goder describes a watch support comprising means adapted for correcting the rate of the watch, by modifying its position, the temperature of the environment, or its level of wind, according to the deviation of the display position evidenced by an electronic camera, a proximity detector or a sensor, especially an acoustic sensor.

Device and method for adjusting the rate of a watch

The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd


A process and apparatus for feeding an additive to a molten metal in a vessel to achieve a uniform dispersion of the additive are provided. In one example, the outlet of the lance is positioned below the surface of the molten metal. The lance is moved with a reciprocating motion, so that the outlet of the lance moves below the surface of the molten metal. The additive is dispensed through the outlet of the lance along a path traversed by the outlet in the molten metal while the lance reciprocates.

In the production of steel, a steel melt is typically produced in a furnace and then tapped into a ladle, where it is treated with one or more ingredients for refining or alloying purposes. The steel produced in an electric arc furnace or in a basic oxygen furnace typically has a low carbon content and a high oxygen content. The oxygen content is typically reduced to a level below about 3 ppm for continuous casting. To lower the oxygen content, aluminum or silicon metal is generally added. However, addition of aluminum metal results in the formation of alumina (aluminum oxide) which is a very refractory inclusion. In a metal melt, all the inclusions typically do not float up to the surface of the molten metal and into the slag. To remove or modify these inclusions, calcium or calcium compounds such as CaC2, CaAl and CaSi, or calcium briquettes or pellets are added to the melt to form a liquid calcium aluminate inclusion such as mayelite, 12CaO.7Al2O3. Calcium also lowers the sulfur content of steel by the formation of calcium sulfides.
These materials are added to the melt in the furnace or in the ladle, or added by pouring the steel melt over the materials placed in the ladle. The amount of calcium added to the melt is relatively small as calcium has limited solubility in liquid steel, having a solubility in the 0.032% range. However, with all these methods the calcium yield is low and subject to considerable variations and, therefore, it is difficult to control the effect of calcium treatment. Furthermore, due to the low density of calcium relative to steel, and the volatility and reactivity of calcium with the molten metal, the addition of calcium to the molten metal is a complicated art.
Another approach utilizes a continuous feed of calcium or calcium composite wire enclosed within a steel sheath into the ladle or steel melt through a conduit positioned above the surface of the steel bath so as to be perpendicular to the surface of the molten bath. When this wire is introduced in a substantially vertical direction into the steel melt through the surface of the liquid slag/steel, the outer steel sheath delays the release of the low melting temperature, low density and highly reactive core materials, thereby increasing the calcium-molten steel mixing. Therefore the effectiveness of the calcium treatment is enhanced.
However, in such methods, the high volatility of calcium hinders the efficient utilization of the calcium additive. If the wire does not penetrate to a sufficient depth in the molten metal before the calcium in the wire desolidifies, a low residence time and poor utilization of the calcium results, along with a non-uniform treatment of the melt. In the case of surface-additive feeding, the additive needs to penetrate through the ladle slag. It is important that all or most of the calcium remain unreacted until the calcium descends at least to a critical depth at which the ferrostatic pressure is equal to the vapor pressure of calcium. If calcium desolidifies at ferrostatic pressures lower than its vapor pressure, large calcium vapor bubbles rise rapidly to the surface of the melt. The result is an inefficient, non-uniform treatment of the molten metal and the generation of a large amount of turbulence at the surface of the melt.
Another current approach feeds a calcium or calcium composite wire through a refractory lance submerged below the liquid steel surface. The submerged refractory lance serves to reduce the intensity of the calcium-steel reaction by introducing the solid calcium to the liquid steel at a point below the critical depth for volatilization of the calcium. This approach offers superior recovery to surface feeding of wire.
Improved metal treatment methods and apparatus are desired.


A device package includes a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device is disposed on a substrate. The device package further includes a covering. The covering is disposed on the substrate and surrounds the semiconductor device. The covering includes a void, a first layer, and a second layer. The void is between an interior surface of the covering and the semiconductor device. The first layer has a first electrical conductivity and a first thickness. The second layer is disposed under the first layer. The second layer has a second electrical conductivity and a second thickness. The first electrical conductivity is greater than the second electrical conductivity. The first thickness is less than the second thickness.

As electronics become smaller and more portable, many different types of devices may be confined to a small volume within a case or on a substrate. Due to the high device density, closely spaced devices may adversely affect one another. Consequently, an important design consideration for device packages may be to limit unwanted effects caused by nearby devices.
As a specific example, a sensor operating in a harsh radio frequency environment may experience error in sensor readings due to radio frequency signals. Radio frequency signals that are incident on the sensor package may interfere directly with sensor readings or may induce electric currents in the sensor package that generate heat at the sensor. This heat may introduce error in sensor readings. Sensor packages that reduce or eliminate radio frequency interference and heat generation at the sensor caused by nearby radio frequency devices may be desirable.

Device package with reduced radio frequency losses


A method of fabricating bulk superconducting material such as RBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-.delta. where R is La or Y comprising depositing a thin epitaxially oriented film of Nd or Sm (123) on an oxide substrate. The powder oxides of RBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-.delta. or oxides and/or carbonates of R and Ba and Cu present in mole ratios to form RBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-.delta., where R is Y or La are heated, in physical contact with the thin film of Nd or Sm (123) on the oxide substrate to a temperature sufficient to form a liquid phase in the oxide or carbonate mixture while maintaining the thin film solid to grow a large single domain 123 superconducting material. Then the material is cooled. The thin film is between 200 .ANG. and 2000 .ANG.. A construction prepared by the method is also disclosed.

This invention relates to a process of using "seed crystals" for growing highly textured bulk quantities of superconductors such as single large domain RBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-.delta. where R is a rare earth, La or Y. More specifically, the invention relates to melt processing high T.sub.c superconductors using seed crystals of lower cost but significantly larger surface area than previously available. The seed materials are a laminate of an oxide compound such as, for instance, SrTiO.sub.3, LaAlO.sub.3, or the like, which have high melting or decomposition temperatures above those of the high T.sub.c superconductors but are readily available and of low cost and which are not T.sub.c superconductors themselves onto which is deposited a thin film of NdBa.sub.2 CuO.sub.7-.delta. or SmBa.sub.2 CuO.sub.7-.delta..
Large single domains of YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-.delta., materials show high levitation forces because of their size and because of their good flux-pinning strength due to large numbers of small pinning sites. The materials show promise in practical applications requiring levitation or high magnetic fields, such as fly wheels for energy storage, high field magnets, magnetic resonance imaging and efficient electric generators. Previously, SmBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x as well as Nd.sub.1+x Ba.sub.2-x Cu.sub.3 O.sub.y have been used as the seeding material during the melt-growth process in making large single domain 123 material (YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x).
More particularly, SmBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x (Sm 123) had been used, but this material has a serious defect in that Sm 123 has only a slightly higher melting point than the bulk (YBCO) 123 material and, therefore, the seeds of Sm 123 often melt during the process. This is undesirable, since the purpose of the seeding material is to provide solid particles to facilitate the crystallization of the melted 123 material during the melt-forming process.
It has been found that Nd 123 forms a solid solution in the form of Nd.sub.1+x Ba.sub.2-x Cu.sub.3 O.sub.y and was previously thought to be unsatisfactory as a seed material, but a co-pending patent application Ser. No. 371,931 filed Jan. 12, 1995, now abandoned, assigned to the assignee herein, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference, teaches the use of the Nd 123 material as a seed for preparing bulk superconducting material.
The problem encountered in using either the Sm or Nd 123 materials as seeds is that both of these materials are expensive to produce as single crystals and only relatively small crystals have been able to be made. These problems limit the use of the Nd 123 material even though the Nd 123 material is particularly advantageous because of its relatively high melting temperature compared to the melting temperature of bulk superconductor being prepared so that the Nd 123 material does not melt during the high temperature processing of the RBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x material.
It has been found that large surface area Nd 123 or SM 123 seeding material can be made inexpensively with suitable inexpensive with suitable readily available substrate materials such that large domain material can be prepared by using the Nd 123 or Sm 123 as thin films in combination with cheaper oxides as substrate materials. The thin films Nd 123 or Sm 123 can be deposited on the oxide substrate with any conventional deposition technique. The advantage of the present invention is that large surface area Nd 123 or Sm 123 can be made at low cost to provide seed material to make large single domain R 123 superconductors, where R is La or Y.

Thin film seeds for melt processing textured superconductors for practical applications


A system for providing a search service application is disclosed and includes an application builder component that provides a search model for a first object of a plurality of objects. The search model is based at least on an end-user input field corresponding to a first attribute of the first object and a search result output field corresponding to a second attribute of the first object. The search model is also associated with a backend data store that supports a storage structure that stores information relating to the first object. The system also includes a deployment engine that automatically configures a search engine system associated with the backend data store to place a portion of indexed data into a first partition and to place another portion of indexed data into at least another partition based on the search model.

A case management application helps an enterprise to manage its business processes by providing a computer-based framework for collecting, tracking and storing business process information. For example, a case management application can assist the enterprise to collect and store case management data associated with a loan application process, an insurance claim process, and the like. In some cases, the case management application can also support data searching services that allow an end-user to search for and to retrieve case management data and/or non-enterprise related information relevant to performing a process task. In these cases, the application can be referred to as a search-based case management application.
Typically, the search-based case management application is customized to the enterprise's business process. Building such an application is complex and typically requires skilled programmers to write customized code to handle various phases of the enterprise's business process. Enabling search capabilities is particularly difficult because the programmers must build search queries for a variety of backend storage structures, must configure search indexing engines to build indexes based on the enterprise's specifications, and must configure document analyzers to annotate documents in the repository in order to make them searchable. Accordingly, the application building process for a search-based case management application is expensive and time-consuming.
To address some aspects of this issue, computer-based solutions are available that allow the enterprise's business expert to design and configure a case management application for a business process without requiring programmers to write custom code. In essence, the solution supports automated code generation based on configuration information provided by the business expert. For example, Documentum xCP Designer by EMC Corporation of Hopkinton, MA is a configuration-based solution that provides graphical composition tools for the business expert to design case management applications. Using a drag-and-drop graphical toolset, the business expert can model business processes, design electronic forms, and design user interfaces, from which the system can build the application.
While computer-based application building solutions can significantly reduce or eliminate the need for custom coding to build a case management application, enabling a search service within the case management application is not supported and therefore, remains a manual process requiring a skilled programmer to write custom coding. Accordingly, building a search-based case management application continues to be an expensive and time-consuming process.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Methods and systems for providing a search service application


There is provided a portable terminal device and a storage medium having stored therein a parking position guiding program, which are capable of accurately assisting a search of a parking position when a user goes back to a parking position. A portable terminal device is configured to acquire position information representing a current position of a vehicle, stores the position information in a storage unit when the accuracy of the acquired position information satisfies a predetermined accuracy, and give a notice to a user to image an image of a surrounding area when the accuracy of the acquired position information does not satisfy a predetermined accuracy.

In the past, when a user of a vehicle parks his/her vehicle in a large-scale parking lot, there are cases in which the user forgets a parking position, and so an excessive time is taken until the user goes back to the parking position. For this reason, there have been proposed techniques of assisting the search of the parking position when the user goes back to the parking position.
For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique by which a search of a parking position is assisted such that when a parking start of a vehicle is detected, an image of an area around the vehicle imaged by a camera mounted in the vehicle is transmitted to a portable terminal device carried by a user.
According to this technique, when the user goes back to the parking position, the transmitted image of the area around the vehicle is displayed on the portable terminal device, and it is possible to search for the parking position with reference to this image. Thus, it is possible to reduce a time taken until the user goes back to the parking position.

Portable terminal device and storage medium


A cutter assembly includes a knife guard holder to be removably connected to a cutter bar, a knife guard and an interface between the knife guard holder and the knife guard. The knife guard may have a knife channel to slidably guide a cutter knife. The interface extends between the knife guard holder and the knife guard to locate and releasably retain the knife guard with respect to the knife guard holder.

Cutter assemblies are utilized in a wide variety of equipment for cutting various plants and growing medium. For example, cutter assemblies are found in combine harvesters, choppers, haybines, sicklebars and other agricultural implements. Such cutter assemblies may include knife guards that guide sliding and reciprocating movement of a cutting knife.

Cutter assembly with knife guard and knife guard holder


A dual polarized mechanical scan antenna capable of rapid beam scanning includes a parabolic reflector having an elliptically shaped solid metal central section with conductive parallel grids extending therefrom to the perimeter of the paraboloid to form two outer grided sections. The axis of the parabolic reflector and the radiation axis of the feed antenna, positioned at the focus in alignment therewith, is positioned at a predetermined angle from a reference axis of the system. A polarization twist reflector is positioned at the focus for pivoting about the perpendicular to the reference axis. Dual polarization is realized when the twist plate is positioned such that the antenna system receives signals along paths that clear the parabolic reflector.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to reflector type antennas and more particularly to doubly reflective antennas capable of rapid mechanical beam scanning.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Antennas capable of rapid mechanical beam scanning with the minimum of mechanical complexity while maintaining critical beam parameters throughout the scan limits was described in a paper entitled A Rapid Wide Angle Scanning Antenna with Minimum Beam Distortion, delivered by Martin and Swartzman at the Fifth Annual East Coast Conference on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics in October 1958. Antennas of the type disclosed by Martin and Swartzman utilize an initially illuminated reflector constructed of grids parallel to the polarization vectors of the incident energy. Beams incident to the grided reflector are reflected therefrom to a flat deflecting plate pivotal about the antenna feed. This pivotal plate is constructed to provide a deflected beam having a polarization perpendicular to that of the polarization of the beam incident thereto. These polarization twisted signals propagate through the grided initial reflector into free space at an angle from the antenna axis that is determined by the angular position of the pivotal plate. Thus rapid mechanical scanning over wide scan angles with a minimum of beam distortion is provided. These antennas, however, are polarization sensitive, being operable only over a small range of polarization angles.
Applications exists that require a rapidly scanning dual polarized antenna capable of operating at both polarizations simultaneously. Many of these applications exhibit antenna requirements that vary with scan angle. During the search mode, the antenna of a guided missile seeker is positioned at a steep look-down angle (the angle of the radiation axis relative to the missile axis) and maximum system sensitivity is required, since the missile is at a great distance from the target.
Since signals reflected from targets illuminated at one polarization possess strong cross polarized components, to achieve this maximum sensitivity the antenna must receive both polarizations. During the track mode, the look-down angle is appreciably reduced and the missile is relatively close to the target permitting reception at a single polarization for reduced system sensitivity is acceptable.

Parabolic dual reflector antenna with offset feed

Hercules Defense Electronics Systems, Inc.


A mobile unit includes a processor, a memory, and a display. The display shows a user interface including a plurality of commands. Each sensory activated command of the plurality of commands is shown with a respective icon indicative of at least one of a motion and an orientation assigned to the sensory activated command.

A mobile unit (MU) may include a rich user interface to enable a user to activate a control of the MU. However, activating controls of the MU is often a two-handed operation in that if a control on the display needs to be accessed, a second hand is needed to activate that control either by a finger or a stylus. Conventional MUs include a variety of different methods to enter an input. For example, the MU may include a keypad to enter inputs. In another example, the MU may include motion and/or orientation sensors to detect a motion and/or orientation that corresponds to an entry of an input.
Although using motion sensors to detect motion that corresponds to an entry of an input is known, conventional MUs do not include any indication which controls the possible actions. For example, in a browser application with Internet connectivity (e.g., web page), a user may not know the action that activates a particular command or may even be completely unaware that a certain action activates a command. Accordingly, a user may not be able to fully utilize all available options or may inadvertently perform an action that is undesired.

Automated controls for sensor enabled user interface


A control system for a catalytic combustion system on a gas turbine includes a flame preburner, a fuel injector positioned downstream of the preburner and a catalyst positioned downstream of the fuel injector. In such systems, a portion of the fuel combusts within the catalyst itself and the remainder of the fuel combusts in a homogeneous combustion process wave downstream of the catalyst. A sensor in communication with the control system monitors the homogeneous combustion process wave and adjusts the gas temperature at the catalyst inlet to a preferred value based on a predetermined schedule that relates the catalyst inlet gas temperature to operating fundamentals such as adiabatic combustion temperature or the gas turbine's exhaust gas temperature.

In a conventional gas turbine engine, the engine is controlled by monitoring the speed of the engine and adding a proper amount of fuel to control the engine speed. Specifically, should the engine speed decrease, fuel flow is increased thus causing the engine speed to increase. Similarly, should the engine speed increase, fuel flow is decreased causing the engine speed to decrease. In this case, the engine speed is the control variable or process variable monitored for control.
A similar engine control strategy is used when the gas turbine is connected to an AC electrical grid in which the engine speed is held constant as a result of the coupling of the generator to the grid frequency. In such a case, the total fuel flow to the engine may be controlled to provide a given power output level or to run to maximum power with such control based on controlling exhaust gas temperature or turbine inlet temperature. Again, as the control variable rises above a set point, the fuel is decreased. Alternatively, as the control variable drops below the set point, the fuel flow is increased. This control strategy is essentially a feedback control strategy with the fuel control valve varied based on the value of a control or process variable compared to a set point.
In a typical combustion system using a diffusion flame burner or a simple lean premixed burner, the combustor has only one fuel injector. In such systems, a single valve is typically used to control the fuel flow to the engine. In more recent lean premix systems however, there may be two or more fuel flows to different parts of the combustor, with such a system thus having two or more control valves. In such systems, closed loop control is based on controlling the total fuel flow based on the required power output of the gas turbine while fixed (pre-calculated) percentages of flow are diverted to the various parts of the combustor. The total fuel flow will change over time.
In addition, the desired fuel split percentages between the various fuel pathways (leading to various parts of the combustor) may either be a function of certain input variables or they may be based on calculation algorithms using process inputs such as temperatures, air flow, pressures etc. Such control systems offer ease of control due primarily to the very wide operating ranges of these conventional combustors and the ability of the turbine to withstand short spikes of high temperature without damage to various turbine components. Moreover, the fuel/air ratio fed to these combustors may advantageously vary over a wide range with the combustor remaining operational. A wide variety of such control strategies can be employed and a number of these have been described in the literature.
A properly operated catalytic combustion system can provide significantly reduced emissions levels, particularly of NOx. Unfortunately, however, such systems may have a much more limited window of operation compared to conventional diffusion flame or lean premix combustors. For example, fuel/air ratios above a certain limit may cause the catalyst to overheat and lose activity in a very short time. In addition, the inlet temperature may have to be adjusted as the engine load is changed or as ambient temperature or other operating conditions change.

Control strategy for flexible catalytic combustion system


A chassis control arm includes a single-piece base body with several hollow chambers. The base body includes a plurality of bearing mounts. A first bearing mount is formed by one of the hollow chambers and traverses the base body to define a first bearing axis which extends in extrusion direction. A second bearing mount in a first end portion of the base body defines a second bearing axis in a direction which deviates from the extrusion direction of the hollow profile. A third bearing mount is positioned in a second end portion of the base body. The base body has a center portion which includes the first bearing mount and is arranged between the first and second end portions. The base body has a first leg extending from the first end portion to the center portion, and a second leg extending from the second end portion to the center portion.

The present invention relates to a chassis control arm, in particular a transverse control arm, and to a method for the production of such a control arm.
The following discussion of related art is provided to assist the reader in understanding the advantages of the invention, and is not to be construed as an admission that this related art is prior art to this invention.
Chassis control arms, also referred to as motor vehicle control arms, are generally designed by way of single-shell or multi-shell metal sheet construction or as forged component in the form of a forged control arm. Typically, such a chassis control arm has a base body with bearing mounts for 2 to 3 bearings.
It would be desirable and advantageous to provide an improved chassis control arm and an improved method for the production of a chassis control arm to obviate prior art shortcomings.

Chassis control arm and method for the production of a chassis control arm


A trolling apparatus and method of use are provided. According to one aspect, a trolling apparatus includes a frame including an upper line guide positioned toward a rear portion of the frame and operable to engage a fishing line during a release state and a lower line guide coupled to the rear portion of the frame and operable to engage the fishing line during a retained state. The apparatus further includes a line retainer operable to be coupled to a holder aft of the lower line guide and a release mechanism operable to engage a portion of the line retainer to provide the retained state and the released state.

Fishing in deep waters has historically presented challenges for leisure and commercial fishermen. To achieve fishing at several hundred feet requires the use of very heavily weighted fishing lines and downrigging equipment to produce a desired depth. Additionally, the fishing line being used needs to withstand increased tension leaving the user with having to use a heavier and more costly pound test line. This is both difficult to manage and can lead to large increases in cost in fishing gear.
In recent years, the use of a trolling device has been predominantly explored for submerging a line to a desired depth. A trolling device allows an individual to temporarily attach fishing line and a bait to weighted trolling device that dives to a certain depth and is attached to a separate line usually made of steel. When a fish attacks a bait or lure, the line is disengaged from the trolling device and the fisherman is able to fight and retrieve the fish while the trolling device remains in the water. With the trolling device in the water, the fish potentially becomes entangled with the trolling device unless the trolling device is quickly retrieved. From time to time, the trolling device may also get entangled in a motors engine or propeller leaving a boat operator with having to untangle the line in potentially rough seas.
Some conventional solutions to entanglement include using booms that extend laterally from the side of a boat and keep the trolling device away from a fishing line after a fish is attached and can be retrieved away from the line with the fish on it as the fisherman fights the fish. This solution can also be costly requiring extensive rigging for fishing. Other solutions include utilizing a secondary motor such as a small gas engine to provide thrust for trolling reducing any potential mishaps with the primary boat engine. This solution is also costly and requires an additional investment. As such, what is needed is a cost effective efficient apparatus and method of fishing at great depths.


A method and implementing structures for a domino block circuit configuration includes a plurality of domino logic blocks including inverter circuits to provide inverted signals which are needed for a comprehensive logic analysis and processing. A plurality of clocking signals are applied at various clocking inputs throughout the circuit. The clocking signals are timed relative to each other in a timing sequence to assure that the logic circuit evaluations occur only after relevant data and switching signals have stabilized.

In general, the term "domino logic" is used to refer to an arrangement of logic circuit stages which may, for example, be cascaded together in an integrated circuit array configuration. A signal may be input to a first stage where it is evaluated in order to provide an output signal to a second stage where that output signal is again evaluated to provide an output signal for propagation to and evaluation by yet another stage in the circuit. Thus a "domino" effect is achieved whereby signals are sequentially propagated through an array of "stages" or "domino blocks", and each successive stage performs an evaluation of an input condition until a final output is provided at a final output stage.
Domino logic circuits may be arranged so that signals can propagate through the various stages without being separately clocked at each stage. Accordingly, a domino arrangement allows a signal to be processed through a relatively complex logic function during a single clock cycle. This ability of a domino circuit obviates the need for plural clock cycles to process the input signals, and also decreases the overall processing time of the logic function.
Further, domino logic arrangements have not been applicable to all logic implementations. For example, in MOS technology, a positive logic scheme cannot be maintained since a typical adder circuit requires the use of negative logic functions such as NAND, NOR and NOT functions. Typical MOS logic implementations are limited to positive or non-inverting logic schemes which use only positive functions such as AND gates and OR gates.
Perhaps the biggest disadvantage to domino logic is that it is not a complete logic family, i.e. it is not possible to construct all logic functions using only domino circuits or blocks. The problem is that domino logic, as hereinbefore explained, does not admit any inverting stages. Attempts to avoid this "inversion" problem by adding inverting stages to ordinary domino logic introduce signal race conditions which would not be present in a pure domino logic configuration. The term "race condition" characterizes a timing relation between two signals that must be met for the circuit to function correctly and reliably, and this race condition is not relaxed by slowing the clock frequency.
In the past, efforts have been made to overcome the inversion problem, but such efforts have not been totally successful. Such an example would be where the clock signal to the domino logic block is delayed in order to prevent the domino block from evaluating until the negative input to the block has stabilized. However, if the delay introduced in the clock is not large enough, a race condition is introduced and the circuit will fail to function properly and reliably, and any extra delay of the clock, which may be applied as a safety margin, will slow down the evaluation function of the circuit by an equal amount.
Thus, there is a need to provide an improved method and apparatus for the implementation of domino logic configurations which include inverting stages but which, at the same time do not introduce signal race conditions which may otherwise adversely affect the timing and reliability of the logic circuitry.

Creating inversions in ripple domino logic

International Business Machines Corporation


In one disclosed embodiment a layer is formed over a transistor gate and a field oxide region. For example, a polycrystalline silicon layer can be deposited over a PFET gate oxide and a silicon dioxide isolation region on the same chip. The layer is then doped over the transistor gate without doping the layer over the field oxide. A photoresist layer can be used as a barrier to implant doping, for example, to block N+ doping over the field oxide region. The entire layer is then doped, for example, with P type dopant after removal of the doping barrier. The second doping results in formation of a high resistivity resistor over the field oxide region, without affecting the transistor gate. Contact regions are then formed of a silicide, for example, for connecting the resistor to other devices.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of fabrication of semiconductor devices. More specifically, the invention relates to the fabrication of CMOS, BiCMOS, or silicon-germanium BiCMOS semiconductor devices.
2. Related Art
In the manufacture of large scale integration semiconductor devices, several types of devices are fabricated concurrently on the same chip or wafer. For example, in a complementary metal oxide semiconductor ("CMOS") process both P-channel field effect transistors ("PFET") and N-channel field effect transistors ("NFET") are manufactured on the same chip concurrently. A bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor ("BiCMOS") process increases the complexity by adding the concurrent fabrication of bipolar devices—for example, conventional NPN or PNP transistors—to the same chip. By growing a thin silicon-germanium layer as the base of a bipolar transistor on a silicon wafer, a heterojunction bipolar transistor ("HBT") with improved speed and frequency response can be formed. The addition of silicon-germanium techniques to the BiCMOS process, for example, is referred to as silicon-germanium BiCMOS. In order to form circuits on a chip, various other circuit components such as resistors and capacitors are also formed concurrently on a chip. Using CMOS for an example, resistors are formed concurrently with PFETs and NFETs.
Because devices are formed concurrently on the same chip a process step used in the fabrication of one device may affect the fabrication of other devices. Occasionally extra process steps must be added in order to keep processes required for fabrication of one device from conflicting with the fabrication process of another device on the same chip. Therefore, it is advantageous and desirable to simplify the fabrication process whenever possible by, for example, eliminating steps or finding compatible processes. Simplification of the fabrication process can also provide economic benefits by making the manufacturing process either cheaper or more efficient. As an example, on a CMOS, BiCMOS, or silicon-germanium BiCMOS chip, resistors are typically formed in the same polycrystalline silicon layer used to form the gates of PFETs and NFETs on the same chip.
The value of a resistor is measured in ohms. As known in the art, the value of a resistor is directly proportional to the resistivity of the material comprising the resistor multiplied by the length of the resistor and inversely proportional to the product of the width and depth of the resistor. The resistivity of a material can also be measured by its sheet resistance expressed in ohms per square (because a small square has the same resistance as a larger square of the same thickness). The value of the resistor is then determined by the number of squares comprising the resistor, calculated by dividing the length by the width. On a semiconductor chip, the resistivity of the material comprising the resistor can be readily manipulated by changing the doping of the material.
By way of background, FIG. 1 shows a cross sectional view of various features and components of structure 100 which includes various features and components of a low resistivity resistor and a PFET fabricated on the same wafer. Structure 100 includes polycrystalline silicon layer 102 for a low resistivity resistor. Polycrystalline silicon layer 102 is N+ doped—meaning that it is relatively heavily N type doped. Polycrystalline silicon layer 102 can be doped by implantation or diffusion as known in the art. Polycrystalline silicon layer 102 is typically phosphorous doped with a dose of approximately 5*1015 atoms per square centimeter. The thickness of polycrystalline silicon layer 102 is typically approximately 2,500 Angstroms.
Polycrystalline silicon layer 102 is used to form a resistor by providing silicide contact regions 104 at the ends of polycrystalline silicon layer 102 as shown in FIG. 1. Silicide contact regions 104 provide a means for connecting the resistor formed from polycrystalline silicon layer 102 to other devices on the wafer or to external electrical contacts. Formation of silicide over the entire length of polycrystalline silicon layer 102 is prevented by silicide blocking oxide 106. Silicide blocking oxide 106 is formed before silicide contact regions 104 and can be formed from silicon oxide (SiO2) as known in the art. Polycrystalline silicon layer 102 is formed on field oxide 108. Field oxide 108, 110, and 112 structures are composed of silicon oxide material and are formed in a manner known in the art. Field oxide 108, 110, and 112 provide electrical isolation between devices on silicon substrate 116 in a manner known in the art.
Continuing with structure 100 in FIG. 1, structure 100 includes features and components of other CMOS structures, such as a P-channel field effect transistor, or PFET, on the same wafer as a resistor. Structure 100 includes N well 118 for a PFET. N well 118 is N type single crystal silicon which can be doped by ion implantation in a manner known in the art. Structure 100 further includes source 120 and drain 122 composed of P+ type material—meaning that it is relatively heavily doped P type material —which can be doped in a manner known in the art. Structure 100 also includes gate oxide 124, and gate polycrystalline silicon 126, both formed in a manner known in the art. By the addition of N well 118, source 120, drain 122, gate oxide 124, and gate polycrystalline silicon 126, a PFET is formed on the same wafer as a resistor.
Gate polycrystalline silicon 126 is formed from the same layer as polycrystalline silicon layer 102 and both are doped at the same time. Thus, gate polycrystalline silicon 126 is typically N+doped using phosphorous dopant with a dose of approximately 5*1015 atoms per square centimeter and the thickness of gate polycrystalline silicon 126 is typically approximately 2,500 Angstroms. The doping of gate polycrystalline silicon 126 determines the doping of polycrystalline silicon layer 102. That is, considerations determinative of a desirable value for gate resistivity of approximately 100 ohms per square take precedence over considerations for resistor resistivity. Thus, the value of the resistor is adjusted by adjusting the number of squares in the resistor rather than adjusting the resistivity of the material comprising the resistor.
In summary, FIG. 1 shows that structure 100 includes several features and components used to form a resistor on field oxide 108, while structure 100 simultaneously includes several CMOS features and components such as the PFET between field oxide 110 and field oxide 112. Thus, during the process of fabricating a resistor, several of the features and components for CMOS structures, such as N well 118, source 120, drain 122, gate oxide 124, and gate polycrystalline silicon 126 are present on the same wafer. Hence, the processing steps for forming a resistor are required to be economical and compatible with CMOS processes, i.e. not conflict with or cause undesirable changes in other CMOS structures on the same wafer. Adjustment of constraints and parameters, in particular the resistivity, involved in resistor formation is, therefore, subjugated to the requirements of PFET (or NFET) formation when a resistor is fabricated as illustrated in FIG. 1.
The resistor illustrated in FIG. 1 has a relatively low resistivity of approximately 100 ohms per square, as pointed out above. There are certain advantages to fabricating a resistor with a higher resistivity, for example, temperature coefficient of the resistor, also referred to as "TCR", can be improved. Simply stated, TCR expresses the change in resistance per degree C. from the resistance value at 25° C. For example, a 1,000 ohm resistor with a TCR of 0.1%/° C. has a value of 1050 ohms at 75° C. A smaller TCR improves the thermal stability of the circuit, i.e. circuit performance is more predictable and dependable despite temperature changes. As another example, reduced variability in resistivity for higher resistivity values can be used to improve the accuracy in fabrication of the resistor value.
Thus, there is need in the art to provide economical and simplified formation of high resistivity resistors in large scale integrated CMOS processes which are compatible with the formation of polycrystalline silicon gates in PFETs and NFETs. Moreover, there is need in the art for fabrication of high resistivity resistors with improved temperature coefficient and more accurate control of resistivity value.

Low cost fabrication of high resistivity resistors


A massaging device includes a propeller shaft, at least one first swinging member mounted on the propeller shaft, and at least one second swinging member mounted on the propeller shaft by a male deflection block, a female deflection block and an adjusting rod. Thus, when the rotation direction of the propeller shaft is changed, the push block of the adjusting rod is slidable in the adjusting groove of the male deflection block to produce a time lag of the swinging actions between the second swinging member and the first swinging member, so that the second swinging member and the first swinging member are operated in the same swinging direction or in two different swinging directions so as to produce different swinging actions, thereby providing different massaging effects to the user.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a massaging device, and more particularly to a massaging device having a reciprocally deflective massaging function.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional massaging device comprises two pairs of swinging members that are swingable to produce a sector-shaped swinging motion to press a user's two legs or arms to provide a massaging effect, and a drive shaft connected to the swinging members to drive the swinging members. However, the swinging members are swung in the same direction, so that the massaging effect caused by the swinging members is limited to a determined extent, thereby decreasing the massaging effect of the massaging device.

Massaging device having reciprocally deflective massaging function


An optical communications system includes a focal element configured to transmit a signal, an aperture configured to focus the signal onto the focal element, and a phase change layer positioned on at least a portion of a surface of the aperture, wherein the phase change layer is configured to shift a phase of the signal.

The field of the disclosure relates generally to optical communications systems, and more particularly to a system and method for optimizing fiber to aperture coupling within an optical antenna.
Known optical communications systems conduct communications by transmitting optical signals through optical fibers. Conventional optical communications are configured to transmit optical signals through the use of lasers by causing total internal reflection of laser beams within an optical fiber along an aperture-to-fiber optical path.
However, in conventional transmission of these signals, the occurrence of phase reversal in such optical communications systems, and more specifically in the aperture pattern at the fiber, and/or fiber pattern at the aperture, is generally accepted as a constraint of the optimum coupling coefficient determination. Such a phase reversal results in a negative and/or subtractive contribution to the overall coupling coefficient.
Scalar diffraction integral equations are conventionally used for analysis and design of optical communication systems. Such analyses do not fully address the vector characteristics of an electromagnetic wave signal and how it couples to a source or receiver element, such as a fiber optic waveguide. Thus calculating an optimum coupling coefficient by conventional means is less than ideal. The scalar equations are a basis for accurate design for optical communication applications.

Optical communications system and method for optimizing an optical communications system


In an embodiment, an apparatus includes a first transmit path, a second transmit path, and a switch element. The first transmit path can provide a first radio frequency (RF) signal in accordance with a nominal specification. The second transmit path can provide a second RF signal in accordance with an intermittent specification, in which the first and second RF signals are within the same transmit band. The switch element can provide the first RF signal as a transmit mode output in a first state and provide the second RF signal as the transmit mode output in a second state.

Technical Field
This disclosure relates to electronic systems and, in particular, to radio frequency (RF) circuits.
Description of the Related Technology
Cellular radio frequency transmission specifications typically specify particular linearity, emissions, power level, and modulation quality for nominal operating conditions. It can be desirable to achieve these specifications at a relatively high efficiency. Cellular radio frequency transmission specifications can also specify particular linearity, emissions, power level, and/or modulation quality for an intermittent signaling condition for a mobile device. Such intermittent signaling specifications can be associated with changing coexistence environments in and/or around the mobile device. Meeting worst case intermittent specifications can involve making tradeoffs in efficiency for nominal operating conditions. This can result in sub-optimal performance during typical operation.

Front end architecture for intermittent emissions and/or coexistence specifications


A double deck elevator (1) includes a linking mechanism (14) disposed between the cars (2, 3).

Conventionally, a double deck elevator is made into two stories by vertically superimposing car chambers, as, for example, shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. A double deck elevator has the merits of the transport capacity being large since there are two car chambers at the top and bottom, and being able to economize on the area occupied in the building.
In FIG. 8, two car chambers (102) and (103) are vertically superimposed in one car frame (101) and this car frame (101) is moved vertically by a hoist (not shown in the figure) via a rope. Lower car chamber (103) is formed to move along car frame (101) and is provided with pantograph (104), oil pressure jack (105), oil pressure unit (106), etc., as shown in FIG. 9.
The floor height (space between the floors) of all floors in a building installed with an elevator is not always fixed and may differ depending on the floor. On a particular floor, the floor height differs, with lower car chamber (103) being moved by pressure feeding an operation fluid to oil pressure jack (105) from oil pressure unit (106) so that the space between car chambers (102) and (103) is coordinated with said floor height.
However, in said conventional double deck elevator, one car chamber (102) is not moved, with only the other car chamber (103) being moved in order to match the spacing between vertical two-story car chambers (102) and (103) with the floors of different floor heights, so there was a problem of not being able to quickly execute the adjustment in the spacing between the car chambers (102) and (103).
Also, in order to move the lower car chamber (103), it was necessary to lift the total weight which combined the weight of car chamber (103) and the weight of the passengers riding in this car chamber (103), with oil pressure unit (106). Consequently, oil pressure unit (106) with a great drive force was necessary, so there was a problem of the cost of oil pressure unit (106) as the driving means becoming high. In addition, the overall weight of the car, including car frame (101) and car chambers (102) and (103), became heavy due to the large oil pressure unit (106), so there was the problem of the running cost of the elevator also becoming high.
The present invention aims to make it possible to quickly execute the adjustment in the spacing between the upper and lower car chambers. Also, the aim is to achieve reduction in the cost of the driving means that executes adjustment of said spacing and to reduce the running cost of the elevator.


According to an embodiment herein a method performed by a radio network node for handling communication of data for a user equipment, UE, served in a service area associated with the radio network node in a wireless communication network is herein provided. The radio network node receives an indication from the UE, wherein the indication indicates a priority level for bandwidth allocation compared to other UEs. The radio network node further allocates a first bandwidth out of a total bandwidth to the UE for communication, wherein the first bandwidth is allocated in size based on the indication.

In a typical wireless communication network, user equipments (UE), also known as wireless communication devices, mobile stations, stations (STA) and/or wireless devices, communicate via a Local Area Network such as a WiFi network or a Radio Access Network (RAN) to one or more core networks (CN). The RAN covers a geographical area which is divided into service areas or cells, which may also be referred to as a beam or a beam group, with each service area being served by a radio network node such as a radio access node e.g., a Wi-Fi access point or a radio base station (RBS), which in some networks may also be denoted, for example, a NodeB, eNodeB (eNB), or gNB as denoted in 5G. A service area is a geographical area where radio coverage is provided by the radio network node. The radio network node communicates over an air interface operating on radio frequencies with the UE within range of the radio network node.
Nowadays WiFi service is predominant in many commercial places. In existing technology, a wireless infrastructure comprising a centralized controller can identify and differentiate handling of services between different users. This is done through pre-configured user profiles. Once the user is identified and classified e.g. as a preferential user, predefined bandwidth is allocated to this user which may be higher compared to the other categories of users. A preferential user is a user of higher importance, e.g. a user with a premium subscription or a user with a demand of higher quality of services e.g. throughput or similar, compared to other users. Other existing ways to provide differential bandwidth is through static configuration of varying bandwidth for different UEs such as phone, tablet, or laptop, and for different services such as video, messaging and other services.
In existing technology, when the user holds multiple UEs that are connected to one and the same WiFi access point, bandwidth will get evenly allocated to all the connected UEs statically. FIG. 1 discloses wherein different departments in an office have different access points and a radio network node such as a WLAN controller allocates bandwidth equally to connected UEs. Thus, sessions are handled in a non-flexible manner wherein performance of the wireless communication network perceived by the user of a UE may be limited or reduced since the radio network node is handling all connections in a rigid manner. Since it is not possible to prioritize between UEs connected to an access point, the bandwidth available to the user is spread between all the UEs connected to the access point without considering the requirement of the user at that point of time. And since all the UEs share the allocated bandwidth, some background applications of a UE may consume bandwidth resulting in lesser speed on other connected UEs, which the user might not prefer. The user may manually intervene and change settings for the different UEs, which is time consuming and ineffective.

Radio network node, user equipment (UE), system and methods performed therein for handling communication in a wireless communication network


A manufacturing apparatus for a foil bearing comprises: a tubular positioning member having a substantially cylindrical wall provided with engagement portions each having a shape corresponding to at least part of a wave-shaped portion of associated one of foil members such that positioning of the foil members can be achieved by engaging the wave-shaped portion of each foil member to the associated engagement portion of the positioning member and inserting the positioning member into an inside of the stationary mount member; and a welding device for welding the foil members to the inner circumferential surface of the stationary mount member, wherein the positioning member is formed with openings in the substantially circumferential wall thereof to allow the welding device to access the foil members from inside the positioning member through the openings.

It is conventionally known to use a foil bearing as a bearing for a rotating member that rotates at a high speed from tens to hundreds of thousands rpm, in which the foil bearing comprises a plurality of foils for forming a bearing surface. As the rotating member rotates, a fluid is dragged in between a journal (or shaft) of the rotating member and the foils, and due to the resulting fluid pressure, the foils are deformed and a fluid membrane is formed in the gap between the journal and the foils.
Some of such foil bearings comprise a stationary mount member surrounding an outer circumferential surface of the journal via an annular gap and a foil assembly disposed inside the stationary mount member to support the journal, wherein the foil assembly may be constituted by wave-shaped bump foils, an annular mid foil, and an annular top foil which are radially placed in this order from outside to inside within the stationary mount member. In order to achieve a desired bearing performance, it is necessary to position and secure each foil accurately with respect to the stationary mount member.
An example of a technique to secure the foils to the stationary mount member is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,070,330 issued to Agrawal. The foil bearing disclosed in this publication comprises first and second foil elements (top foil and mid foil) whose ends are bonded to each other to form a radially extending anti-rotation fin, and a corrugated resilient backing member (bump foil) including a flange portion projecting in the radial direction, wherein the anti-rotation fin and the flange portion are disposed in a slot formed in the stationary retaining (mount) member.
In the conventional technique disclosed in the above publication, the disposing of the anti-rotation fin and flange portion in the slot may restrain the foils against rotation. However, there is no consideration given in this publication to ensure accurate positioning of each corrugation of the resilient backing member in a circumferential direction. Also, the provision of slot in the stationary mount member can necessitate additional steps in manufacturing the stationary mount member and/or reduce the mechanical strength of the stationary mount member.
Further, in a case that the foil bearing comprises a plurality of bump foils arranged in the circumferential direction and welded to the inner circumferential surface of the stationary mount member, it is difficult to utilize the conventional technique disclosed in the above publication and a skilled person is needed to position the bump foils accurately with respect to the stationary mount member or at desired circumferential positions and secure them to the stationary mount member.

Manufacturing apparatus for a foil bearing


The invention provides a hydrodynamically and stealth shaped suite of antas and sensors mounted above a hydrodynamically and stealth shaped mast. The mast is configured to extend from the sail of a submerged vessel to the surface so as to provide the vessel with satellite communications capabilities. The hydrodynamic shape of the mast minimizes the surface wake and the stealth shape of the antenna suite and mast minimizes the radar cross section of the system, lessening detection by hostile forces. To obtain a stealth shape, the radar suite utilizes a conformal phased array antenna. In addition, electro-optical sensors in the antenna suite provide visual, environmental and other sensing capabilities to the system. Further, structurally embedded ESM antennas provide ESM and radar capabilities. When in the retracted position, the antenna system conforms to the hydrodynamic and stealth shape of the submerged vessel and the conformal phased array of the antenna suite forms an integral part of the conformal phased array of the vessel.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to phased array antenna systems, and more particularly to a conformal phased array antenna mounted on an extendible mast.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The modern submarine requires high data rate communications to keep apprised of the constantly changing environment in which it operates. While submerged, the submarine uses its sonar systems to monitor the undersea environment and uses Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) transmissions for communications. Due to the low frequency, ELF communications cannot be used for high data rate transmissions. In order to obtain surface information or to perform high data rate communications with a surface vessel or satellite, it is necessary for the submerged vessel to extend an antenna or other communication means above the water surface. U.S. Pat. No. 3,754,268 to Boyns provides a phased array antenna system mounted in the periscope of a submarine. When a Super High Frequency (SHF) communications link between the submarine and an earth-orbiting satellite must be established, the periscope is extended such that the antenna system is above the surface. The surface wake of current antenna systems, or the periscope wake of the Boyns antenna system, provides an easy visual target for hostile forces. Further, the protruding antenna structure or, in the case of the Boyns antenna system, the periscope itself, provides an easily attained radar target for hostile forces. For some means of communications and ship sensor systems, such as line of sight RF communications and electro-optic (EO) sensors, the submarine must surface, or at a minimum expose the sail to allow operation of the communications equipment and sensors within the sail of the submarine. Current submarine sails present a very large visual and radar target. To minimize this threat, future submarine sails will incorporate stealth technology, will be hydrodynamically shaped to minimize wake and will incorporate conformal phased array antenna technology, all well known in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,512,906 to Speciale describes such a conformal phased array. There remains a need to provide a system for extending communications equipment and sensors above the surface while the sail and submarine remain submerged. The system must not degrade the stealth characteristics of the sail, must be an integral part of the conformal arrays proposed for the stealth sail and must itself minimize visual and radar targets when deployed.

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


A two-bit offset canceling A/D converter with improved common mode rejection and threshold sensitivity for use in GPS receivers. A device in accordance with the present invention comprises a level shifter, the level shifter receiving a positive signal and a negative signal, the level shifter shifting the positive signal and the negative signal such that a difference between the positive signal and the negative signal is larger than a threshold value, and a comparator, coupled to the level shifter, the comparator providing as outputs of the comparators a sign bit and two magnitude bits wherein the comparator comprises a plurality of switched capacitor amplifiers.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, and in particular, to a two-bit offset canceling Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter with improved common mode rejection and threshold sensitivity, typically used in GPS receivers.
2. Description of the Related Art
The use of GPS in consumer products has become commonplace. Hand-held devices used for mountaineering, automobile navigation systems, and GPS for use with cellular telephones are just a few examples of consumer products using GPS technology.
As GPS technology is being combined with these devices, the GPS chips are being placed in widely ranging applications. Some of these applications require that the GPS chip be made smaller, or more efficient, presenting challenges to GPS receiver chip designers. Many of the functions of GPS chips are now being pushed to the edges of performance capabilities.
One of these functions is the ability to separate a GPS signal from background noise. Noise is often interpreted as a component of the GPS signal, and, as such, creates problems with position determination and accuracy of the GPS functionality. As GPS chips are placed in lower signal strength environments, and GPS chips are designed to be placed in smaller and smaller devices, the ability of a GPS receiver to separate signal from noise becomes more important.
It can be seen, then, that there is a need in the art to provide GPS chips with increased ability to separate noise from desired GPS signals.

Two-bit offset cancelling A/D converter with improved common mode rejection and threshold sensitivity


A horseshoe with a stabilizer-feature and splaying has a U shaped metallic unitary body with left-right wings and an integral compliant leaf-spring disposed proximate to or in the horseshoe toe area. The leaf-spring may be crescent-shaped or chord-shaped and resiliently deforms upwards, exerting sideways-pressure causing splaying of the left-right wings. The leaf-spring may have a groove on either side to assist preparation before horseshoe installation. The crescent-shaped leaf-spring forms a cavity with the hoof underside in use, which cavity is optionally filled with a resilient material, e.g., silicone, obviating accumulation of dirt/debris. Stabilizers comprising a plurality of rows of beads formed integrally with the horseshoe bottom form a negative camber on the horseshoe-underside. The stabilizer rows may be staggered and assist in the stability of the horse during racing, especially at track-curves. The horseshoe may be cast/forged, blanked, or welded and can be mass-produced. Preferably, the horseshoe comprises hardened spring steel.

It has been the object of many horseshoe designers and farriers to provide a horseshoe which is hoof-friendly and which mimics to some extent the movement of a horse's hoof when the horse is walking or running, especially on a hard surface. Various attempts have been made over decades to obviate the rigidity of conventional metallic horseshoes by introducing nonmetallic or composite elements that provide selected degrees of flexibility and resilience. It is desirable to provide a simple unitary, somewhat flexible construction for the horseshoe, and it also desirable to provide a horseshoe with an advantageous stabilizing feature, especially for race horseshoes.
It has however been found that the prior art horseshoe designs which provide resilience invariably have a composite construction, or use several parts and components, and do not offer simplicity, reliability or cost effectiveness. Those prior art horseshoes which by design use predominantly resilient material, are generally less durable (-shorter life-) than the conventional rigid metallic designs which might however restrict hoof-expansion and thus create increased stress in the hoof and legs of the horse, particularly during racing.
Despite the availability of horseshoe designs providing shock absorption, flexibility and such features, there is still a need for a horseshoe design which is characterized by simplicity, economy, controlled-splaying and including a stabilizing feature to assist race horses when they negotiate curves on a race track.

Horseshoe with splaying, and stabilizer feature


A first band analyzer divides an acoustic signal received from a sound playback system through an input unit into frequency bands, and generates a first band level. An acoustic signal estimator estimates the band level of the original acoustic signal at the input unit, and generates a second band level for each band. A processor extracts an external noise component which is contained in the acoustic signal using the first band level and the second band level. The external noise can be accurately estimated with less computation than in the related art.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an acoustic signal processing apparatus and method, and an audio device. More particularly, the present invention relates to the art of extracting external noise components contained in acoustic signals.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, car audio systems have problems with noise which is present in sound playback systems. The noise makes it difficult for users to hear acoustic signals of music, etc., provided from a speaker while moving. In the related art, an audio signal supplied to the speaker is corrected based on an external noise component, such as noise present in a sound playback system.
FIG. 8 shows an acoustic signal processing apparatus of the related art for extracting external noise contained in an acoustic signal. A speaker 10 provides an acoustic signal corresponding to an audio input to a sound playback system. The sound playback system has external noise. A microphone 11 converts the noisy acoustic signal into an electrical signal, and supplies it to a subtractor 12. An FIR (Finite Impulse Response) digital filter 13 supplies a simulated impulse response of the sound playback system to the subtractor 12. The output of the FIR filter 13 corresponds to a noiseless audio signal taking the sound playback system into account, and the external noise component is provided as an output from the subtractor 12.
However, the apparatus of the related art has drawbacks. As shown in FIG. 9, the impulse response of the sound playback system in the car audio system has a length of about 4,000 sampling points given that the sampling frequency is 44.1 kHz. In other words, the FIR filter 13 must have about 4,000 taps, which makes the apparatus costly. In addition, the FIR filter 13 must perform a large number of computations, resulting in high power consumption due to heat, etc. The number of sum-of-product computations required per sampling time (1/44100 Hz≅0.023 msec) for FIR filtering by the FIR filter 13 with, for example, 4,096 taps is given by 4096×2, and the number of sum-of-product computations required per second is given by (4096×2)×44100=361,267,200.

Acoustic signal processing apparatus and method, and audio device